Acronym Dicitonary and Glossary

Acronym Dictionary and Glossary 

CSR ACRONYM DEFINITIONS 

CSR Acronym Definitions A-D http://www.csrstds.com/acro-a-d.htm. 

CSR Acronym Defintions E-H http://www.csrstds.com/acro-e-h.htm. 

CSR Acronym Definitions I-M http://www.csrstds.com/acro-i-m.htm. 

CSR Acronym Definitions N-R http://www.csrstds.com/acro-n-r.htm. 

Acronym Definitions last updated November 26, 2001. If you have changes or corrections, please e-mail 

them to ebaskin@csrstds.com. Thank you. 

Communications Standards Review 

e-mail: ebaskin@csrstds.com 

SSEC Acronyms List 

SSEC Acronyms List http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/pubs/acronyms.htm. 

Updated 17 December 2001 by the SSEC Webmaster. 

(current December 2001) 

ANSI ASC X12N - Acronym Dictionary 

OCTOBER 1997 

ASC X12N ACRONYM DICTIONARY http://www.wpc-edi.com/AcronymDictionary/Index.html 

ASC X12N ACRONYM DICTIONARY http://www.wpc-edi.com/AcronymDictionary/Dictionary.html 

Acronym Dictionary 

http://www.wpc-edi.com/AcronymDictionary/Dictionary.htm. 

Dictionary 

A List of Xcellweb Features plus a collection of Internet expressions 

Xcellweb Services/Dictionary http://www.xcellweb.com/html/dictionary.htm. 

Sales@xcellweb.com 

(503) 968-4307 

MAD The MIPS Acronym Dictionary 

Don't get even, get MAD! 

webmaster@mips.as.arizona.edu 

Sunday, October 28, 2001 

Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. 

© Copyright 1998 

www.levitontelcom.com e-mail: info@levitontelcom.com 

Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 

BABEL: A LISTING OF COMPUTER ORIENTED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 

Date Updated: 10/20/93

Version 93C 

Copyright (c) 1989-1993 Irving Kind All Rights Reserved 

Irving Kind Internet: ikind@mcimail.com 

c/o K &D MCIMail: 545-3562 

One Church Lane 

Baltimore, MD 21208 

Sep 1993 version = BABEL93C Sep 1994 version = BABEL94C 

CSGNetwork's Online Computer, Telephony & Electronics Reference 

Computer Support Group & CSGNetwork.Com Online 

Computer, Telephony and Electronics Glossary and Dictionary wysiwyg://79/http://www.csgnetwork.com/glossaryp.htm. 

This Page Last Downloaded or Refreshed: Thursday, January 01, 1970 00:00:00 

AFRL Acronym Dictionary 

For questions regarding information on this page please 

contact webmaster@afrl.af.mil, AFRL/XPTC, 937-255-0785, DSN 785-0785 

AFRL Acronym Dictionary http://www.afrl.af.mil/dictionary.htm 

http://www.afrl.af.mil/dictionary.htm.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

CSR ACRONYM DEFINITIONS 

1-1SDoC One Standard-One Test, Supplier¹s Declaration of Conformity 

2B1Q 2 Binary 1 Quaternary 

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project (ETSI) 

3WC Three Way Call 

-A- 

A/D Analog to Digital 

A&T Architecture & Transport (DSL Forum Committee, formerly ATM) 

A/TT Analog Tie Trunk (TIA-646-B) 

AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 

AAC Advanced Audio Coding 

AACCH Auxiliary Analog Control Channel 

AAL ATM Adaptation Layer 

AAL(D) Analog PSTN Access Line (Analog PBX Interface, TIA-646-B) 

AAL5-CU ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Composite User 

AAP Alternative Approval Procedures 

AASO Advanced Audio Server Override (package) 

AASS Advanced Audio Server Set (package) 

AAU Advanced Audio Package 

AAV Authentication Algorithm Version 

ABAC Aggregate Bearer Admission Control 

AbC Approval by Correspondence 

ABM Aggregate Bearer Measurement 

ABNF Augmented Backus-Naur Form 

ABR Average Bit Rate 

ABT Adaptive Block Transform 

AC Advisory Circular 

AC Alternating Current 

AC Authentication Center 

AC Auto Configuration (DSL Forum) 

AC Automatic Callback 

ACA Adaptive Channel Allocation 

ACBO Automatic Cross Band Operation 

ACC Analog Control Channel 

ACCH Associated Control Channel 

ACD Automatic Call Distribution 

ACE Advanced Coding Efficiency 

ACELP Adaptive CELP 

ACF Authentication Control Function 

ACG Automatic Code Gapping 

ACIL Association of Independent Scientific, Engineering and Testing Firms 

ACK Acknowledgment 

ACKS Acknowledgments 

ACM Address Complete Message 

ACOS IEC Advisory Committee on Safety 

ACR Absolute Category Rating 

ACR Alternate Carrier Routing 

ACR Anonymous Call Rejection 

ACRE Authorization and Call Routing Equipment 

ACS Automatic Configuration Service

ACSB Amplitude Companded Single Side Band 

ACSE Association Control Service Element 

ACT Activation 

ACTA Administrative Council for Terminal Attachment (T1 and TIA) 

ACTE Approvals Committee for Terminal Equipment 

ACTS Advanced Communications Technology Satellite 

AD Administrative Domain 

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act 

ADAAG ADA Accessibility Guidelines 

AD-BES Administrative Back-End Services 

ADC Analog to Digital Converter 

ADDS Application Data Delivery Service 

ADHAG Ad Hoc Authentication Group (TR-45.2) 

ADI Analog Devices Inc. 

ADL ADSL without underlying POTS or ISDN 

ADL All Digital Loop 

ADL Automatic Determination of Location 

ADLC Asynchronous Data Link Control 

ADLG Automatic Determination of Location and Guidance 

ADLNB Association of Designated Laboratories and Notified Bodies (European) 

ADP Answer Detection Pattern 

ADPCM Adaptive Differential PCM 

ADS Asynchronous Data 

ADSI Analog Display Services Interface (Bellcore) 

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop (Line) 

ADSLF ADSL Forum 

ADSL-R Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop (Remote) 

ADT Asynchronous Data Teleservice 

AEC Acoustic Echo Controller 

AECE Acoustic Echo Control Equipment 

AES Advanced Encryption Standard-Rijndael 

AFE Analog Front End 

AFNOR Association francaise de normalisation (French Standardization) 

AG Access Grant 

AGC Audiographics Conferencing 

AGC Automatic Gain Control 

AGCH Access Grant Channel 

AGNI Advisory Group for Network Issues 

AHAG Ad Hoc Authentication Group (TR-45) 

AHES Ad Hoc Emergency Services (TR-45.2) 

AHG Ad Hoc Group 

aHIT! TIPIA merger into IMTC 

AHMMG Ad Hoc Microcell/Microsystems Guidelines 

AHPAI Ad Hoc PCS Air Interface Joint Group 

AHSOG Ad Hoc on Self Organization Group 

AHWG Ad Hoc Working Group 

AI Air Interface 

AI Answer Indicator (V.8) 

AIC Advanced Intra Coding 

AIG Administrators Interest Group 

AIG Authentication Implementation Guide 

AIIM Association for Information and Image Management 

AIN Advanced Intelligent Network 

AINI ATM Inter Network Interface

AIS Alarm Indication Signal 

AIV Alternative Inter VLC 

a.k.a. Also Known As 

AL Answer List 

AL1 H.223 Adaption Layer 1 

AL-PDU Answer List - Protocol Data Unit 

AL-SDU Answer List - Service Data Unit 

ALC Automatic Level Control 

ALCE Automatic Level Control Equipment 

ALE Automatic Link Establishment Radios 

ALF Application Level Framing 

ALI Automatic Location Identification 

ALIT Automatic Line Insulation Test 

ALT Automatic Link Transfer 

ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit 

AM Amplitude Modulation 

AM Assignment Message 

AMA Adaptive Motion Accuracy 

AMA/CDR Automatic Message Accounting/Call Detail Recording 

AMD Amendment 

AMF Authentication Management Function 

AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service 

AMR Adaptive MultiRate 

AMR-WB Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband 

AN Access Network 

AN Access Node 

AN Advisory Note 

ANAI Access Network Architecture and Interfaces 

ANATEL Agencia Nacional de Telecomunicacoes (Brazil) 

ANF Additional Network Feature 

ANF-CMN Common Information Additional Network Feature (H.450.12) 

ANFP Access Network Frequency Plan 

ANI Automatic Number Identification 

ANOVA Analysis of Variance Procedure 

ANS Answer Tone 

ANSam Answer Tone, amplitude modulated (V.8) 

ANSI American National Standards Institute 

ANT Access Network Transport (Q1/15) 

AOC Advice of Change 

AOC Advice of Charge 

AOC ADSL Overhead Channel 

AOC-D Advice Of Charge during a call 

AOC-E Advice Of Charge at the End of a call 

AOD Audio on Demand 

AP Advanced Prediction 

AP Application Protocols 

APCM Analog PCM Modem 

APCO Associated Public Safety Communications Officers, Inc. 

APDU Application Protocol Data Unit 

APE Application Protocols Entities 

APEC Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation 

API Application Programming Interface 

APIC APCO Project 25 Interface Committee 

APLAC Asian Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation

APON ATM PON 

APP Application Marker 

APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification 

AR Adaptive Reception Control 

AR Auto-Regressive 

AR Automatic Recall 

ARC Adaptive Reception Control 

ARC Alarm Reporting Control 

ARCH Access Response Channel 

ARDB Administrative Reference DataBase 

ARF Audio Resource Function 

ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (accredited standards setting body in Japan) 

ARJ Admission Reject 

ARLP Acoustic Reference Level Plan 

ARM Application Resource Manager 

ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 

ASAP As Soon As Possible 

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 

ASE Applications Service Element 

ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit 

ASID Access, Searching and Indexing of Directories 

ASL Active Speech Level 

ASN Abstract Symbol Notation 

ASO Arbitrary Slice Ordering 

ASOG Access Service Ordering Guidelines 

ASP Application Service Provider 

ASR Automatic Speech Recognition 

ASTM formerly American Society of Testing and Measurement 

ASVD Analog SVD 

AT Access and Terminals (ETSI TC) 

AT Asynchronous Terminal 

ATA Analog Terminal and Access Project 

ATa Analog Working Group (ETSI TC AT) 

AT-A ETSI Access and Terminals Analog Working Group 

ATAAB Analog Technical Ad hoc Advisory Board 

ATAc ATA's Conventional Technology WG 

ATAe ATA's Enhanced Technology WG 

ATBCB Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board 

ATC Analog Traffic Channel 

AT-D ETSI Access and Terminals Digital Working Group 

ATd Digital Working Group (TC AT) 

ATf Features Working Group (TC AT) 

ATF Administrative Task Force 

AT-F ETSI Access and Terminals Features Working Group 

ATG Access Transport Group (DSL Forum) 

ATIA Australian Telecommunications Industry Association 

ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions 

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 

ATMF ATM Forum 

ATMOVE Adaptive-Template Movement 

ATM-Utopia Universal Test and Operations Physical Layer Interface for ATM 

ATO Analog Tandem Office (TIA-646-B) 

ATS Abstract Test Suite 

ATS Assigned Time Slot

ATV Advanced Television 

AuF Authentication Function 

AV AudioVisual 

AVC Audio Visual Coding 

AVC Audiovisual Conferencing 

AVD Alternating Voice Data 

AVI Interactive Audiovisual Services 

AVIS Audio Visual Information Systems 

AVMMS AudioVisual and MultiMedia Services 

AVT Audio/Visual Transport 

AWG American Wire Gauge 

AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise 

AWI Alert With Info 

-B- 

B Bi-directionally predicted 

B2B Business-to-Business 

B2C Business-to-Consumer 

B2G Business-to-Government 

B&G Bits&Gains (Q4/15) 

B&W Black and White 

BA Basic Access (ISDN) 

BAM Biconic Connector 

BAPT Bundesamt fur Post und Telekommunikation 

BARAS ETSI SAGE standard encryption algorithm for audiovisual services 

BAS Bit rate Allocation Signal 

BAU Base Audio Package 

BB Bandwidth Broker 

BBN Bulk Billing Number 

BBS Bulletin Board System 

BC Basic Call 

BC Bearer Channel 

BCC Basic Control Channel 

BCCA Board Committee on Conformity Assessment 

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel 

BCD Binary Coded Decimal 

BCDF Broadband Content Delivery Forum 

BCF Backward Control Field 

BCF Bearer Control Function 

BCH Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquengham 

BCM Back Channel Message 

BCTP Basic Call Transfer Protocol (SG11) 

BD-PSNR Bjøntegaard delta PSNR 

BDS Blank Detail Specification 

BE Border Element 

BEM Big Emerging Markets 

BER Bit Error Rate 

BERT Bit Error Rate Test 

BES Back-End Services 

BEST Back-End Service Transaction 

(B)FER Burst Frame Error Rate 

BF Bearer Function 

BFI Bad Frame Indicator 

BFOC Bayonet Fiber Optic Connector

BFT Binary File Transfer 

BGN Background Noise Conditions 

B-HLI Broadband High Layer Information 

BICC Bearer Independent Call Control 

BICSI Building Industry Consulting Services International 

BID Billing ID Numbers 

BINTERMS Basic Interoperability for Terminals for Telematic Services 

B-ISDN Broadband ISDN 

B-ISUP Broadband ISDN User Part 

BITB Boulder Industry Test Bed 

BLER Block Error Rates 

BLERf Error Free Block Rate 

BLES Broadband Loop Emulation Service 

B-LLI Broadband Lower Layer Information 

BME Block based Motion Estimation 

BMI Base Station, Mobile Switching Center, and Interworking Function 

BMSC Base Station Manufacturer Code 

BNC ID Backbone Network Connection Identifier 

BNF Backus-Naur Form 

B-NT Broadband Network Termination 

BNT Binary File Transfer 

BNTF Bi-National Task Force 

BNTG Bi-National Task Group 

BNWG Bi-National Working Group 

BO Business Office 

BOF Birds of a Feather 

BoD Board of Directors 

BOMA Building Owners & Managers Association 

BONDING Bandwidth On Demand Interest Group (TR-41) 

BOS Business Object Summit 

BPI+ Baseline Privacy Interface Plus 

B-PISN Broadband PISN 

BPON Broadband Passive Optical Network 

BPTC Block-Product-Turbo-Codes 

B-QSIG Broadband QSIG 

BRA Basic Rate Access 

BRAN Broadband Radio Access Networks (ETSI TC) 

BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server 

BRI Basic Rate Interface 

BRKACK Break Acknowledge frame (V.42) 

BRM Bit Repetition Message 

BRQ Bandwidth Request 

BS Base Station 

BSC Base Station Controller 

BSC Binary Symmetric Channels 

BSMAP Base Station Management Application Part 

BSMC Base Station Manufacturer Code 

BSMI Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection 

B-SMS Broadcasts Short Message Service 

BSN Broadband Service Node (Nortel) 

BSR Board of Standards Review (ANSI) 

BSS Base Station System 

BSS Broadcasting-Satellite Service 

BST Broadcast SMS Teleservice

BT British Telecom (United Kingdom PTT) 

BTA Basic Trading Area 

BTC Business Telecommunications Committee (ETSI) 

BTM Basic Transfer Mode 

BTS Base Transceiver System 

B-UNI Broadband User Network Interface 

B-VOP Bidirectional Video Object Planes 

B/W Black and White 

BWC Bandwidth Control 

BWS Building Wiring Standard 

-C- 

C&I Commands and Indications 

C&S Control and Signaling (ATM Forum Working Group) 

CA Channel Aggregation 

CA Communication Application (T.611) 

CA Conformity Assessment 

CAB Conformity Assessment Body 

CABA North America's Home and Building Automation Association 

CABAC Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding 

CAC Carrier Access Code 

CAC Connection Admission Control 

CAD Computer Aided Design 

CAGJES Canadian Advisory Group on Joint Electrical Safety Committee 

CAI Common Air Interface 

CAL Common Application Language 

CALEA Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act 

CAMA Centralized Automatic Message Accounting 

CANACINTRA Camara Nacional de la Industria de Transformacion (Mexico) 

CANIECE Camara Nacional de la Industria Electronica Y de Communicaciones Electricas (Mexico) 

CAP Carrier-less Amplitude modulation Phase modulation 

CAPI Common API 

CAPCS Cellular Auxiliary Personal Communications Service 

CARE Carrier Access Records Exchange 

CAS Channel Associated Signaling 

CAS Customer Alert Signal 

CASCO Committee on Conformity Assessment (ISO) 

CASE Conformity Assessment System Evaluation (NIST) 

CASS Common Air Satellite Structure 

CAT Cellular Action Team (ECSP committee) 

CATS Consortium for Audiographics Teleconferencing Standards 

CATV Cable Television 

CAVE Cellular Authentication and Voice Encryption Algorithm 

CAWG Conformity Assessment Working Group (Trilateral) 

CB Call Barring (TIA TR-34) 

CB Certification Body 

CB Citizen Band 

CBC Call Bearer Control 

CBC Cipher Block Chaining 

CBEMA Computing Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (see ITI) 

CBP Coded Block Pattern (H.261) 

CBPCM Coded Block Pattern - Chrominance 

CBPC Coded Block Pattern for Chrominance 

CBPY Coded Block Pattern for Luminance

CBR Constant Bit Rate 

CC Call Control 

CC Common Carrier 

CC Communication Capability field 

CC Conference Call 

CC Continuity Check (Rec. I.610) 

CC Control Channel 

CCA Common Cryptographic Algorithm 

CCB Common Carrier Bureau 

CCBS Completion of Calls to Busy Subscribers 

CCIR Comite consultatif international des radiocommunications 

CCITT Comite consultatif international telegraphique et telephonique 

CCM Call Connection Management 

CCR Call Connect Reliability 

CCR Comparison Category Rating 

CCS Common Channel Signaling 

CCSN Common Channel Signaling Network 

CCSRL Control Channel Segmentation and Reassembly Layer 

CCT Channel Check Test 

CCT Consultative Committee - Telecommunications (Trilateral) 

CD Committee Draft 

CD Communication Device 

CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Memory 

CDCP Call Detail Collect Point 

CDG CDMA Development Group 

CDGP Call Detail Generation Point 

CDH Cooperative Document Handling 

CDIS Call Detail Information Source 

CDL Coded Digital control channel Locator 

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 

CDN Content Distribution Network 

CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data 

CDR Call Detail Recording 

CDRP Call Detail Rating Point 

CDS Caller Display Signaling 

CDTAC FCC Consumer/Disability Telecommunications Advisory Committee 

CDV Committee Draft for Vote, IEC 

CE Capabilities Exchange 

CE Core Experiment 

CEASD Common ETSI Approach to Standards Development 

CeBIT Trade show in Hannover, Germany 

CEBus Consumer Electronics Bus 

CEC Canadian Electric Code 

CEC European Committee for Standardization 

CED Called Station Identification (T.30) 

CEG Card Expert Group (ETSI) 

CEG Integrated Circuit Card Expert Group 

CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction 

CEN Commission Europeenne de Normalisation (European Standards Committee) 

CENELEC Commission Europeenne de Normalisation Electrotechnique (European Electrotechnical 

Standards Committee) 

CEOC Clear Embedded Operations Channel 

CEPT Conference of European PTTs 

CER Cell Error Ratio

CEXT Central Office End Crosstalk 

CESID Caller Emergency Station Identification 

CF Call Forwarding 

CF Center Frequencies 

CF Communication Functions 

CFA Carrier Failure Alarms (s) 

CFBL Call Forward Busy Line/ Don't Answer 

CFI Calling Feature Indicator 

CFP Computer Fax Protocol 

CFP Cypher Feedback 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CFR Confirmation to Receive 

CFU Call Forwarding - Unconditional 

CG Correspondence Group 

CGI Control Grid Interpolation 

CH Compare HDLC 

CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol 

CHASE A class of algorithms for decoding block codes, after D. Chase 

CHS Candidate Harmonized Standard 

CI Call Indicator (V.8) 

CI Calling Identity 

CI Characteristic Impedance 

CI Count Indicator 

CI Customer Installation 

CI Customer Interface 

C/I Carrier to Interference Ratio 

CIA Calling subscriber Internet Address 

CIAJ Communications Industry Association of Japan 

CIB Configuration Information Base 

CIC Circuit Identifier Code 

CICES Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Standard 

CID Caller Identification 

CIDCW Calling Identity Delivery on Call Waiting 

CIELAB a device-independent color space 

CIF Common Intermediate Format 

CIG Calling Subscriber Identification 

CILC Canadian Interconnection Liaison Committee 

CIM Common Information Model 

CIP Component-Independent Palette 

CIR Carrier to Interference Ratio 

CISC CRTC Interconnection Steering Committee 

CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference 

CISPR/I Subcommittee of CISPR dealing with EMC of information technology, multimedia 

equipment, and receivers 

CIT Charge-Rate Indication Teleservice 

CITEL Comision Internanericana de Telecomunicaciones 

CJ CM terminator 

CL Capabilities Select (see CR) 

CLAD Cell Assembly/Disassembly 

CLASS Bellcore service mark for signaling features such as Caller ID 

CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carriers 

CLEI Common Language Equipment Identifiaction 

CLI Calling Line Identification 

CLID Calling Line Identity

CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation 

CLIP Calling Line ID Parameter 

CLLI Common Language Location Identifier (Telcordia) 

CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol 

CLR Capabilities List Request 

CLR Cell Loss Ratio 

CLR Circuit Layout Record 

CM Cable Modem 

CM Call Manager 

CM Call Menu 

CM Channel Management 

CM Common Mode 

CM Connection Management 

CMB CRC Message Block (TIA-464-C) 

CMC Common Mail Call 

CMC Common Messaging Call 

CME Circuit Multiplication Equipment 

CME Communications Management Entity 

CMI Controlled Mode Idle 

CMIP Common Management Information Protocol 

CMIS Common Management Information Services 

CMISE Common Management Information Service Element 

CMMR Common Mode Rejection 

CMMRD Cellular Microcell/Microsystem Requirements Document 

CMN Common information 

CMODES Confidentiality Modes 

CMOS Comparison Mean Opinion Score 

CMOS Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

CMRS Commercial Mobile Radio Services (U.S.) 

CMS Call Management Server 

CMS Call Management Signaling 

CMS Circuit Multiplication System 

CMT Cellular Messaging Teleservice 

CMTSD Cellular Mobile Telephone Service Descriptions 

CMY Cyan, Magenta, Yellow 

CMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black 

CN Corporate Network 

CNAD Calling Name Delivery 

CNAP Calling Name Presentation 

CNAR Calling Name Restriction 

CNG Calling Tone (T.30) 

CNG Comfort Noise Generator 

CNI Calling Number Identification 

CNI Comfort Noise Insertion 

CNID Calling Number Identification 

CNIP Calling Number Identification Presentation 

CNIP Calling Name Identity Presentation 

CNIR Calling Number Identification Restriction 

CNP Connection Negotiation Protocol 

CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio 

CNRP Common Name Resolution Protocol 

CO Central Office 

COFETEL Comision Federal de Telecomunicaciones de Mexico 

CoIP Conferencing over IP (IMTC Activity Group)

COMM comm.drv for Microsoft Windows 

CONNEG Content Negotiations (IETF) 

COO Cell of Origin 

COPEE Council on Office Products Energy Efficiency 

COPS Common Open Policy Service 

CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 

CORD Cibernet On-line Roaming Database 

COS Corporation for Open Systems 

COS-OST Corporation for Open Systems Executive Industry Group 

COSP Customer Owned Outside Plant 

COST Co-Operation in the field of Science and Technology research 

COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf 

CP Communications Protocol 

CP Continuous Presence (H.243) 

CP Customer Premises 

CP Cyclical Prefix 

CPA Combined Paging/Access 

CPAN Customer Premises Area Network 

CPAP Customer Premises Access Profile 

CPCS Common Part Convergence Sublayer 

CPE Customer Premise Equipment 

CPEV City Pair Polyethylene PVC 

CPF Compatible Protocol Field 

CPH Call Party Handling 

CP-IWF Customer Premises - InterWorking Function (ATM Forum) 

CPL Call Processing Language 

CPM Continuous Presence Multipoint 

CPN Calling Party Number 

CPN Customer Premise Network 

CPS Common Part Sublayer (ATMF) 

CPSII Communications Protocol Stack Independent Interface 

CPT Cellular Paging Teleservice 

CPU Central Processing Unit 

CQ CAS Signal 

CQ Communication Quality 

CQPSK Compatible Differential Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Digital Modulation) 

CR Capabilities Request (see CL) 

CRe Capabilities Request sent by autoanswering station at call initiation 

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Code 

CRFP Cordless Radio Fixed Parts 

CR-LDP Constraint-based Routed Label Distribution Protocol (a protocol within MPLS) 

CRP Command Repeat 

CRT Cathode Ray Tube 

CRT Chinese Remainder Theorem 

CRTC Canadian Radio and Television Commission 

CRTS Cellular Radio Telecommunications Service 

CRV Call Reference Value 

CS Canadian Standard 

CS Circuit Switched 

CS1 BICC Capability Set 1 

CS2 BICC Capability Set 2 

CS-ACELP Conjugate Structure ACELP 

CS-PDU Convergence Sublayer - Protocol Data Unit 

CSA Called Subscriber Internet Address

CSA Canadian Standards Association 

CSA Carrier Serving Area 

CSC Call Signalling Channel 

CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item 

CSD Coordinated Standards Document 

CSDN Circuit Switched Data Network 

CSD-P Circuit Switched Data, Point-to-Point Service 

CSE Communication Service Equipment 

CSF Signaling Control Function 

CSI Construction Specification Institute 

CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection 

CSN Circuit-Switched Network 

CSO Curvature of the Second Order 

CSPP Computer System Policy Project 

CSR Communications Standards Review 

CSS Communications Standards Summary 

CSS Composite Source Signal 

CSS Convolutional Spectral Shaping 

CSTA Computer Supported Telecommunications Applications 

CSU Customer Service Unit 

CT Call Trace 

CT2 Cordless Telephone 2 (ETSI) 

CTA Council For Terminal Attachment 

CTB Composite Triple Beat 

CTE Connected Telecommunications Equipment 

CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association 

CTE Connected Telecommunications Equipment 

CTE Connected Terminal Equipment 

CTF Consumer Telephone Forum (Telcordia) 

CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association 

CTI Computer Telephony Integration 

CTM Cordless Terminal Mobility 

CTN Corporate Telecommunication Networks 

CTO Chief Technical Officers 

CTP Common Transport Protocol 

CTR Common Technical Requirements 

CTRMP Cordless Telephone Range Measurement Performance 

CTX Centrex 

CU Composite User 

CuT codec under test 

CV Code Violation 

CVoADSL Channnelized Voice over ADSL 

CVoDSL Channnelized Voice over DSL 

CVoSDSL Channnelized Voice over SDSL 

CVSD Continuous Variable Slope Detection 

CW Call Waiting 

CW Continuous Wave 

CWD Call Waiting Deluxe 

CWID Call Waiting ID 

CWP Cost Work Program 

CYL Complex stutter dial report 

-D- 

D-AMPS Digital AMPS

D/A Digital to Analog 

D/S Downstream 

D/TT Digital Tie Trunk 

DA Delegated Authority 

DAA Data Access Arrangement 

DAC D/A Converter 

DAL Digital Access Line 

DAM Diagnostic Acceptability Measurement 

DANS Directory and Name Service 

DANS Distributed Access Node System 

DAP Document Application Profile 

DAS Door Answering System 

DAT Digital Audio Tape 

DAVIC Digital Audio-Visual Council 

DAWS Digital Advanced Wireless Service 

DB Data Base 

DBA Dynamic Bandwith Assignment 

DBM Dual Bitmap 

DBMS Data Base Management System 

DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 

DC Data Compression 

DC Direct Current 

DC Directionality Classification 

DCA Dynamic Capacity Allocation 

DCC Data Country Code 

DCC Digital Control Channel 

DCCH Digital Control Channel 

DCD Data Carrier Detect 

DCE Data Circuit terminating Equipment 

DCE Digital Cellular Equipment 

DCF Disengage ConFirmation 

DCME Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment 

DCMS Digital Circuit Multiplication Systems 

DCN Disconnect (T.30 ) 

DCP Digital Connectivity Probing 

DCOR Draft technical Corrigendum (ISO/IEC) 

DCR Degradation Category Rating 

DCS Digital Cellular System 

DCS Digital Command Signal (T.30) 

DCT Data Calling Tone 

DCT Discrete Cosine Transform 

DCT-U Digital Cordless Telephone - U.S. 

DDI Direct Dialing In 

DDoS Distributed Denial of Service 

DDR Document Discrepancy Report 

DDS Digital Data Service 

DEC Digital Extended Command (proposed T.30 extended negotiations) 

DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (ETSI) 

DEG Draft ETSI Guide 

DEN Directory Enabled Networks 

DEO Digital End Office 

DER Digital Extended Request (proposed T.30 extended negotiations) 

DES Data Encryption Standard (U.S.) 

DES Digital Extend Signal (T.30)

DES Draft European Standard 

DF Data Compression Format (T.class2) 

DF Deblocking Filter 

DFD Displaced Frame Difference 

DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer 

DFP Distributed Functional Plane 

DFPA Defense Fire Protection Association 

DG Drafting Group 

DGN Director General de Normas (SECOFI, Mexican Standards Organization) 

DGS Digital Station 

DH Diffie-Hellman protocol 

DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol (RFC 2131) 

DHE Document Handling Equipment 

DI Digital Interface 

DI Distribution Interface 

DIAMETER IETF protocol used for authentication, authorization and accounting 

DIC Delay Interval Compensation 

DID Direct Inward Dialing 

DIG ISDN compatible Digital Station and tie trunk (TIA-646-B) 

DIL Digital Impairment Learning 

DIMRS Digital Integrated Mobile Radio System 

DIN Deutsche Institut fur Normung (German Standardization Institute) 

DIS Digital Identification Signal 

DIS Draft International Standard (ISO) 

DISA Defense Information Systems Agency 

DISXML Extended Markup Language 

DJGPP MSDOS port of gcc 

DKTS Digital Key Telephone Station 

DLC Digital Loop Carrier 

DLC Dynamic Load Control 

DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier 

DLL Dynamic Link Library 

DLP Data Protocol (H.DLP) 

DM Differential Mode 

DMA Direct Memory Access 

DMH Data Message Handler 

DMI Desktop Management Interface 

DMI Draft Miscellaneous Work Item (ETSI) 

DMIF DSM-CC Multimedia Integration Framework 

DMOS Degradation MOS 

DMP Downlink Measurement Protocol 

DMT Discrete MultiTone 

DMT Discrete Multi-tone Carrier 

DMTF Desktop Management Task Force 

DMV Differential Motion Vector 

DN Directory Number 

DND Do Not Disturb 

DNI Digital Negotiation Information Signal 

DNIS Dialed Number Identification Service 

DNK Digital Not acKnowledge 

DNS Domain Name Server 

DoC Declaration of Conformity 

DOC Department of Commerce 

DOC Department of Communications (Canada)

DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification 

DoD Department of Defense (U.S.) 

DOE Department of Energy (U.S.) 

DOL Data Off-Loading 

DoS Denial of Service 

DOS Department of State (U.S.) 

DP Data Privacy 

DP Data Pump 

DP Dial Pulse 

DPA Data Privacy Algorithm 

DPA Document Printing Application 

DPBX Digital PBX 

DPCM Digital PCM Modem 

DPI Dots Per Inch 

DPL Digital Power Line (Q1/15) 

DPS Data Partitioned Slice 

DPS Dynamic Power Save 

DPNSS Digital Private Network Signaling System 

DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying 

DPT Distribution-Preserving Tomlinson 

DQoS Dynamic Quality of Service 

DQUANT Field for modified quantization mode (H.263+) 

DR Discrepancy Report 

DRA Dynamic Rate Adaptation 

DRC Dynamic Rate Change 

DRM Digital Rights Management 

DRQ Disengage Request 

DRP ear Drum Reference Point 

DRR Dynamic Rate Repartitioning 

DRT Diagnostic Rhyme Test 

DRUMS Detailed Revision/Update of Message 

DS0 64 kbit/s Channel 

DS1 1.544 Mbit/s T1 Interface 

DS3 44.736 Mbit/s T3 Interface 

DSA Directory System Authentication 

DSAA DECT Standard Authentication Algorithm 

DSAP Data Services Access Profile 

DSAT Digital Supervisory Audio Tone 

DSC DECT Standard Cipher 

DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point 

DSI Digital Speech Interpolation 

DSL Digital Subscriber Line 

DSL Document SeLection 

DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexer 

DSLF DSL Forum 

DSM-CC Digital Storage Media - Command and Control 

DSMCC Digital System Multimedia Communication Control 

DSN Delivery Status Notification 

DSN Disposition Service Notification 

DSP Digital Signal Processing 

DSR Data Set Ready 

DSR Distributed Speech Recognition 

DSR Dynamic Symbol Reordering 

DSREQ Data Service Request

DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signaling 1 

DSU Data Service Unit 

DSV Distributed Speaker Verification 

DSVD Digital SVD 

DSX Digital Signal Cross-Connect 

DT Dual Tone 

DTA Digital Terminal and Access Project (ETSI) 

DTAAB DECT Technical Advisory Ad hoc Board 

DTAM Document Transfer Access Method 

DTAP Direct Transfer Application Part 

DTC Digital Traffic Channel 

DTC Digital Transmit Command 

DTD Document Type Definition 

DTE Data Terminal Equipment 

DTG Digital TV Group (UK) 

DTIF Disabilities Issues Task Force 

DTL Designated Transit List 

DTM Dynamic synchronousTransfer Mode 

DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency 

DTR Data Terminal Ready 

DTR Draft Technical Report (ETSI) 

DTS Definitive Telefax Standard 

DTS Draft Technical Standard (ETSI) 

DTV Digital TV 

DTX Discontinuous Transmission 

DUT Device Under Test 

DV Digital Video 

DVB Digital Video Broadcasting 

DVB-T DVB Terrestrial 

DVCC Digital Verification Color Code 

DVD Digital Versatile Disk (also Digital Video Disk) 

DVEM Differential Vector Error Magnitude 

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing 

-E- 

E 20 bit sequence 

E&M Ear and Mouth: Separate signaling lines 

E2E End to End 

EA European Accreditation 

EBNF Extended Backus-Naur Form 

EBU European Broadcasting Union 

ebXML electronic business XML Consortium 

EC Echo Canceled 

EC Echo Canceler 

EC Echo Control 

EC Error Control (TR-29) 

EC Error Correction 

EC European Commission 

EC Exchange Carriers 

ECB Electronic Codebook 

ECC Expanded Control Channel 

ECCA European Cable Communications Association 

ECDC Error Correction / Data Compression 

ECE Echo Cancellation Equipment

ECIC Electronic Communications Implementation Committee 

ECM Error Correction Mode 

ECMA European Communications Manufacturers Association 

ECN Encoding Control Notation (ASN.1) 

ECS Emergency Calling Service 

ECSD Enhancement of High Speed Circuit Switched Data 

ECSP Electronic Communications Service Provider 

ECSQ Entropy Constrained Scalar Quantization 

ECT Explicit Call Transfer 

ECTA European Competitive Telecommunications Association 

ECTEL European Telecommunications and Professional Electronics Industry 

ECTF Enhanced Communication and Transport Service 

ECTF Enterprise Computer Telephony Forum 

ECTRA European Commission of Telecommunications Regulatory Authorities 

EC-VBR Embedded Coding Variable Bit Rate 

ECVQ Entropy Constrained Vector Quantization 

EDACS Enhanced Digital Access Communications System 

EDC Electronic Document Coordinator 

EDD Electronic Document Distribution 

EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution 

EDH Electronic Document Handling 

EDI Electronic Data Interchange 

EDSL Emerging DSL (DSL Forum Study Group) 

EDSLSG Emerging DSL Study Group (DSL Forum) 

EDT European Deaf Telephone 

EE Equipment Engineering (ETSI Technical Committee) 

EEA European Economic Area 

EEC European Economic Community 

EEMAC Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association of Canada 

EEP Equal Error Protection 

EES Escrow Encryption Standard 

EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument Systems 

EFM Ethernet in the First Mile 

EFR Enhanced Full Rate 

EFRC Enhanced Full Rate Codec 

EFT Electrical Fast Transient 

EFTA European Free Trade Area 

EG ETSI Guide 

EG Expert Group 

EG AN ETSI Guide Access Network 

EGDIR Expert Group DIRectory system (EWOS) 

EGMHS Expert Group Message Handling System (EWOS) 

EGPRS Enhanced General Packet Radio System 

EHS European Home Standards 

EI Enhancement Intra (pictures, H.263) 

EI Error Indicator 

EIA Electronic Industry Association 

EIAJ EIA Japan 

EIC Equipment Installer's Code 

EICTA European Information and Communications Technology Industry Association 

EICAS Engine Indicating and Condition Advisory System 

EID Equipment Identifier 

EID Error Insertion Device 

eifax extended internet fax

EII European Information Infrastructure 

EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power 

ELAWG EMC Laboratories Accreditation Working Group 

ELCP Emulated Loop Control Protocol (ATMF, ETSI) 

ELFEXT Equal Level Far-End Crosstalk 

EM Electromagnetic 

EMA Electronic Messaging Association 

EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility 

EMC Equipment Manufacturer's Code 

EMCS ElectroMagnetic Compatibility Society 

EME Electromagnetic Emissions 

EMI Electromagnetic Interference 

EMI Exchange Message Interface (Bellcore standard for data transmission between RBOC/LEC 

and the IC/IXC/IEC) 

EMS Element Management System 

EMS Emergency Services 

EMT Electrical Metal Tubing 

E-MTA Embedded Multimedia Terminal Adapter 

EN Enterprise Network 

EN European Norm 

ENP Extended Negotiation Procedure 

ENUM tElephone NUmbering Mapping (IETF) 

EOB End of Block 

EOC Embedded Operations Channel 

EOI End of Image 

EOL End of Line (T.4) 

EOM End of Message (T.30) 

EOR/ERR End of Retransmission/ Response for End of Retransmission 

EOS End of Selection 

EOS End of Sequence 

EOSBS End of Sub-Bitstream 

EOS-PPS End of Selection for selective polling applications 

EOT End of Transmission 

E-OTD Enhanced Observed Time Difference 

EP Enhancement Predicted (pictures, H.263) 

EP Error Pattern 

EP ETSI Project 

EP Extended Protocol 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

EP-CN ETSI Project Corporate Network 

EP-DTA ETSI Project Digital Terminal Access 

EP-EASI ETSI Project-European ATM Services Interoperability 

EPHOS European Procurement Handbook for Open Systems 

EPIIC European Program on Information Infrastructure Committee 

EPIISG European Project on Information Infrastructure Starter Group 

EPL Echo Path Loss 

EPM Enter Parameter Mode 

EPP ETSI Partnership Projects 

EPT Echo Protect Time 

ERC European Radio Committees 

EREC Error Resilient Entropy Code/Error Robust Entropy Code 

ERF Emergency Related Forwarding 

ERL Echo Return Loss 

ERM ETSI committee on EMC and Radio spectrum Matters

ERP Ear Reference Point 

ERP Effective Radiated Power 

ERP EOC Register Protocol 

ERPS Enhanced Reference Picture Selection 

ES Echo Suppressor 

ES Elementary Stream 

ES Emergency Services 

ES Errored Seconds 

ES Escape Sequence 

ES Escape Signal 

ES ETSI Standard 

ES Express Swapping 

ESD Echo Suppressor Devices 

ESD ElectroStatic Discharge 

ESF Extended SuperFrame 

ESI Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures 

ESI Emergency Services Interface 

ESLR Equivalent SLR 

ES/MS Escape Signal/Mode Select 

ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio 

ESMTP Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 

ESN Electronic Serial Number 

ESNX Expanded Electronic Serial Number 

ESPM Extended System Parameters Message 

ESRD Emergency Services Routing Digits 

ESS Enhanced Signaling Systems 

eSTL evolving STL 

ET (FCC) Office of Engineering and Technology 

E-TDMA Extended Time Division Multiple Access 

ETIB European Telecoms Intelligence Bulletin 

ETNO European Telecom. Network Organization 

ETNS European Telephony Numbering Space 

ETO European Telecommunications Office 

ETP European Telecommunications Platform 

ETR ETSI Technical Report 

ETS European Telecommunications Standard (ETSI) 

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute 

EU European Union 

EU MRA European Union Mutual Recognition Agreements 

EURESCOM European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications 

EUROBIT European Association of Manufacturers of Business Machines and Information Technology 

EUT Equipment Under Test 

EV Embedded VBR 

EVRC Enhanced Variable Rate Codec 

EWOS European Workshop on Open Systems 

EXOR Exclusive OR 

EXP Equal Erasure Protection 

EZW Embedded Zero-tree Wavelet (coding) 

-F- 

FA Flexible Alerting 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.) 

FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel 

FAMOUS Future Advanced Mobile Universal System

FAQ Frequently Asked Question 

FAR Federal Aviation Regulations (U.S.) 

FAS Facility Associated Signaling 

FAS Frame Alignment Signal 

FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (U.S.) 

FBM FEXT Bit Map mode (G.992.1, Annex C) 

FC Feature Code 

FC Type of commercial fiber optic connector (Threaded) 

FC-PH Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface (ANSI X3) 

FCA Fixed Channel Allocation 

FCAPS Faults, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and Security (ISO) 

FCC Federal Communications Commission (U.S.) 

FCD Fast Track Committee Draft (ISO) 

FCF Facsimile Control Field (T.30) 

FCF Forward Control Field 

FCS Frame Check Sequence 

FDA Food and Drug Administration (U.S.) 

FDAM Final Draft AMendment 

FDD Frequency Division Duplexing 

FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 

FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 

FDIS Final Draft International Standard (ISO) 

FDM File Diagnostic Messages 

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 

FDX Full Duplex 

FE Facilities Exchange 

FE Functional Entities 

FEAL Fast Encryption Algorithm 

FEC Forward Error Correction 

FEC Frame Erasure Concealment 

FECC Far End Camera Control 

FE-EC Far End - Echo Canceller 

FEF Flat Equalized FEXT 

FEI Federation of Electronic Industries (UK) 

FEQ Frequency Domain Equalizer 

FER Frame Error Rate 

FEXT Far End Cross Talk 

FF Feed Forward 

FFPIM Full-mode Facsimile Profile of Internet Mail 

FFS For Further Study 

FFT Fast Fourier Transform 

FG Focus Group 

FGS Fine Granularity Scalability 

FHWA Federal Highway Administration (U.S.) 

FI Format Identifier 

FIF File Interchange Format 

FIFO First In First Out 

FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard 

FIR Finite Impulse Response 

FL Facilities List 

FLC Fixed Length Codeword 

FLMTS Future Land Mobile Telephony Systems 

FM Fault Management 

FM Frequency Modulation

FMS Flight Management Systems 

FMT Filtered MultiTone 

FNA Functional Network Architecture 

FNE Fixed Network Equipment 

FNV Field Not Valid 

FNV Frame Not Valid 

FO Fiber Optic (TIA) 

FO Foreign Office 

FOC Fiber Optic Connector 

FOCIS Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standard 

FoIP Fax over Internet Protocol 

FOM Figure of Merit 

FOREG Forced Registration Flag 

FOTAG Fiber Optic TAG 

FOTP Fiber Optic Test Procedure 

FP Fixed Part 

FPDAM Final Proposed Draft Amendment 

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array 

FPH Freephone 

FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telephone Systems 

FPP Frames Per Packet 

FPS Frames Per Second 

fps frames per second 

FR Federal Regulation (US) 

FR Frame Relay 

FRAPI-A An ISDN Architecture in use in Japan 

FRC Full Rate Codec 

FRF Frame Relay Forum 

FRS Florida Relay Service 

FS Fixed Satellite 

FS Frame Size 

FS Full Service 

FSA Framework Study Areas 

FSAN Full Service Access Networks 

FSK Frequency Shift Keying 

FSM Finite State Machine (H.323 Gatekeeper) 

FSRA Fast Seamless Rate Adaptation 

FSS Fixed Satellite Service 

FS VDSL Full Service VDSL (FSAN Committee) 

FT Fixed Terminals 

FT Fixed radio Terminal 

FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas 

FTAM File Transfer, Access and Management 

FTBP File Transfer Body Part 

FTH Class 1 command HDLC transmit 

FTP File Transfer Protocol 

FTP Foiled Twisted Pair 

FTRI Florida Telecommunications Relay, Inc. (www.ftri.org) 

FTT Failure To Train 

FTTB Fiber To The Building 

FTTC Fiber To The Curb 

FTTCab Fiber To The Cabinet 

FTTEx Fiber To The Exchange 

FTTH Fiber To The Home

FTTO Fiber to the Office 

FUNI Frame Based UNI 

FVC Forward Voice Channel 

FWA Fixed Wireless Access 

FWI Flash With Info 

FWUF Federal Wireless Users Forum (U.S.) 

Fx Crossover Frequency 

FX Foreign eXchange 

FXS Foreign Exchange Station 

FYI For Your Information 

-G- 

G3FT G3 FX Teleservice 

G3G Global Third Generation 

GA General Assembly (ETSI) 

GAL Graphics Adapter Language 

GAP Generic Access Profile 

GASP Gatekeeper Synchronization Protocol 

GAT Generic Application Template 

GATT General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs 

GBSC Group of Blocks Start Code 

GCAC Generic CAC 

GCC Generic Conference Control 

GDMO Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects 

GDMO Generic Definition of Managed Objects 

GDR Global Desired Receive (PSD) 

GEF Generic Extensibility Framework 

GETS Government Emergency Telecommunications Service 

GF Generic Functional Procedures 

GFID GOB frame identification 

GFR Guaranteed Frame Rate (ATM Forum) 

gi gains information 

GI Graded Index 

GIDS Global IP Directory Service 

GIDS Global IP telephony Database Service 

GII Global Information Infrastructure 

GISN Global IP-Telephony Subscriber Number 

GIT Generic Identifier Transport 

GK GateKeeper 

GLP Geographic Location Profile 

GMC Global Motion Compensation 

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 

GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface 

GMM Global Multimedia Mobility 

GMR Geostationary Mobile Radio 

GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying 

GMVC Global Motion Vector Coding 

GN GOB Number (H.263) 

GNATT Generic Enhanced Teleservice Transport 

GOB Group of Blocks (H.261, H.263) 

GOF Glass Optical Fiber 

GONOW ETSI NA Task Force, Managed by European Projuction Information Infrastructure 

Coordination (EPIC) 

GOP Group of Pictures

GoS Grade of Service 

GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile 

GOSS Guide to Open Systems Specification 

G-PAD Generalized polling protocol - Packet Assembly/Disaaembly 

GPCAS Global Product Conformity Assessment System 

GPM General Page Message 

GPS Global Positioning System 

GRJ Gatekeeper Reject 

GRP Good Regulatory Practices 

GRQ Gatekeeper Discovery Request 

GPRS General Packet Radio Service 

GSA General Services Administration 

GSC GOB Start Code 

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 

GSN Global Subscriber Number 

GSO Geostationary Satellite Orbit 

GSS Generalized Spectral Shaping 

GSS Generic Security Application Programming Interface 

GSS Generic Security Service 

GSS Generic Supplementary Services 

GSTN General Switched Telephone Network (i.e., PSTN) 

GT Global Title 

GTA Global Title Address 

GTAAB GSM Technical Advisory Ad hoc Board 

GTAI Global Title Address Information 

GTT Global Title Translation 

GUI Graphical User Interface 

GUP Gatekeeper Update Protocol 

GW GateWay 

GWC GateWay Controller 

GWLOC Gateway Location protocol 

-H- 

H/W Hardware 

HAC Hearing Aid Compatible 

HAM Amateur Radio 

HAN Home ATM Network 

HATIS Hearing Aid Telephone Interconnect System 

HATS Head and Torso Simulator 

HC Header Counter 

HDLC High level Data Link Control 

HDLU High speed Dynamic Link Unit 

HDML Handheld Device Markup Language, a forerunner of WML 

HDSL High-rate Digital Subscriber Line 

HDTV High Definition Television 

HDX Half Duplex 

HE High End 

HE-LPC Harmonic Excitator Linear Predictive Coder 

HEMP High Energy Electromagnetic Pulses 

HES Home Electronic System 

HF High Frequency 

HF Human Factors 

HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax 

HFCI The H.323 Firewall Control Interface

HFR Hybrid Fibre Radio 

HFT Hands Free Telephone 

HFTP Hybrid-Fiber Twisted Pair 

HFX Hawthorne Facsimile Cipher 

HHR Half-Horizontal Resolution (352 by 480 or 576) 

HI High Impedance 

HIA Hearing Industries Association 

HINE Heterogeneous In-house Networking Environment 

HIPERLAN High Performance Radio Local Area Network 

HIPPI High-Performance Parallel Interface 

HKM Hawthorne Key Management 

HLC Higher Layer Compatibility 

HLF Home Location Function 

HLI High Layer Information 

HLR Home Location Register 

HLTF High Level Task Force 

HLTG High Level Task Group 

HMAC Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication 

H-MLP High Speed Multi Layer Protocol 

HNI Home Network Identity 

HNS Hughes Network Systems 

HNOS Home NetWork Operating System 

HNW Home NetWork (VESA) 

HO Hand Off 

HomePNA Home Phoneline Networking Alliance 

HPC High Probability of Completion 

HPCI Harmonized Programmable Communications Interface 

HPF High Pass Filter 

HPL Home-Phone LAN 

HPLI Higher Layer Protocol Identifiers 

HPNA Home Phoneline Network Alliance 

HPUX Unix in HP workstations 

HRC Half Rate Codec 

HRD Hypothetical Reference Decoder 

HRDJ1 Hardwired Jack 

HS Harmonized Standards 

HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data 

HSD High Speed Data Channel 

HSM High Speed Modem 

HSP Host Signal Processing 

HSSG High Speed Study Group (IEEE) 

HSSI High Speed Serial Interface 

HSTU-C High Speed Transceiver Unit - Central 

HSTU-R High Speed Transceiver Unit - Remote 

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language 

HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol 

HTU-C Handshake Transceiver Unit - Central Office End 

HTU-R Handshake Transceiver Unit - Remote Terminal End 

HW Hardware 

HWCI Hardware Configuration Item 

-I- 

I Intra (Q6/16, VCEG) 

I&I Interworking and Interoperability

I/G Implementors Guide 

I/O Input/Output 

IA Implementation Agreement 

IA Interoperability Agreements 

IAA I Am Alive (emergency system) 

IA5 International Alphabet No. 5, now called International Reference Alphabet (IRA) 

IAC Industry Advisory Committee/Council 

IACM Industry Advisory Committee Meeting (UL) 

IAD Integrated Access Device 

IAEI Israel Association of Electronics Industries 

IAF Internet Aware Fax (T.38) 

IAM Initial Address Message 

IANA Internet Assigned Number Authority 

IAP Intercept Access Point 

IAS Industrial Applications Society (IEEE) 

IAT Internet access time 

IB Indicator Bits 

IBS Intelligent Building Systems 

IC Impairment Combination 

IC Industry Canada 

IC Interexchange Carrier 

ICA Information Communication Architecture 

I-CAN Integrated Customer Access Network 

ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 

ICC International Coordination Committee (ISO) 

ICCID Integrated Circuit Card ID 

ICCF Industry Carriers Compatibility Forum 

ICD International Code Designator 

ICEA Insulated Cable Engineers Association 

ICF InfoConfirm 

ICFA International Computer Facsimile Association 

ICG Intersector Coordination Group 

ICI Inter Carrier Interference 

ICO Intermediate Earth Orbit 

ICS Digital line interface to ISDN Compatible Station meeting requirements of TIA/EIA-579 

ICS Incoming Call Screening 

ICS Implementation Conformance Statement 

ICS Interoperability Compliance Statement (DSL Forum) 

ICT Information and Communication Technology (ETSI) 

ICT Integer Cosine Transforms 

I-CTR Interim Common Technical Requirements 

ICTSB Information and Communication Technology Standards Board 

ICV Integrity Check Value 

ICWWG Interagency Cellular and Wireless Working Group 

ID delay impairment value 

ID Identification 

IDB J2366 ITS Data Bus 

IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform 

IDEA International Data Encryption Algorithm (Proprietary, from Ascom Tech. AG) 

IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform 

IDL Interface Design Language 

IDLC Integrated Digital Loop Carrier 

IDRA Integrated Dispatch Radio System 

IDS Integrated Directory Service

IDSL ISDN Digital Subscriber Line 

IE protocol discriminator Information Element 

IEB Industrial Electronic Bulletin 

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission 

IECEE Compliance with IEC for Electrical Equipment 

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 

IEMS International Emergency Multimedia Services 

IEPS International Emergency Preference Scheme (ITU-T E.106 [2000]) 

IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group 

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 

I-ETS Interim ETS (ETSI Standard) 

IF Intermediate Frequency 

IF Isolation Filters 

IF Isolation Function 

IFA Informal FTP Area 

IFAST International Forum on AMPS Standards Technology (CTIA) 

IFAX Internet Facsimile 

IFBCA Internet Fax and Business Communications Association 

IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform 

IFP Internet Facsimile Protocol 

IFTP Informal FTP area 

IG Implementer's Guide 

IG Interoperability Group 

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol 

IIF Interworking Interoperability Function 

IIP Itinerant Internet Protocol 

IIR Institute for International Research 

IIS Inteface Implementation Specifications (Telemanagement Forum) 

IITF Information Infrastructure Task Force 

ILC Identifier Length Content 

ILD Insertion Loss Deviation 

ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers 

ILMI Integrated Local Management Interface (ATMForum) 

IM Instant Messaging 

IM Inter-modulation 

IM Internet Multimedia (3GPP) 

IMA Interactive Multimedia Association 

IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM 

IMBE Improved MultiBand Excitation 

IMC Internet Mail Consortium 

IMD Inter Modulation Distortion 

IME ILMI Management Entity 

IME Interface Management Entity 

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier 

I-mode Idle mode 

IMP Internet Modem Protocol 

IMPP Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol (IETF) 

IMRS Interactive Multimedia Retrieval Services 

IMS Interactive Multimedia Services 

IMSF IS-41 Message Security Forum 

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity 

IMT International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT-2000) 

IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium 

IN Intelligent Networking

INAA Integrated Network Access Arrangement 

INAP Intelligent Network Application Profile 

IN/B Intelligent Network/Broadband 

INC International Carrier 

INF IN Forum 

INMD In-service Non-intrusive Measurement Device 

INMETRO Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalizacion e Qualidad Industrial (Brazil) 

iNOW interoperability NOW! 

INTAP Interoperability Technology Association for Information Processing (Japan) 

INTSERV Integrated Services 

IOL InterOperability Laboratory (University of New Hampshire) 

IOS Inter-Operability Specifications 

IP Intellectual Property 

IP Intelligent Peripheral 

IP Internet Protocol 

IPAD Internet Packet Assembler Disassember 

IPAT Internet Protocol Access Terminal 

IPB Improved PB 

IP BCP Internet Protocol Basic Call Processing (SG11) 

IPBCP IP Bearer Control Protocol 

IPBX Internet PBX 

IP-CME Circuit Multiplication Equipment optimized for IP-based Networks 

IPCP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (RFC1332) 

IPDC IP Device Control 

IPDR IP Detail Record (Consortium) 

I-PDU Information PDU 

IPFN IP Federating Network (SPAN14 and TIPHON project) 

IPN Intelligent Packet Network 

IPNS ISDN PBX Network Specification 

IPP Internet Printing Protocol 

IPR Intellectual Property Rights 

IPSEC IP Security (IETF) 

IPT Internet Protocol Telephony 

IPTD IP Packet Transfer Delay 

iptel Internet Protocol Telephony (IETF Working Group) 

IPUI International Portable User Identity 

IPUI R International Portable User Identity for public/GSM 

IRA International Reference Alphabet 

IRA Internet Routing Address 

IRDA Infrared Interface Committee 

IREG ITU-T Recommendation Experiment Group 

IRM International Roaming MIN 

IRQ Interworking Service Request identifier 

IRR Information Request Response 

IRS Intermediate Reference System 

IS Interim Standard (U.S.) 

IS International Standard (ISO) 

ISA Industry Standard Architecture 

ISC International Softswitch Consortium 

ISC International Switching Center 

ISCI Inter-Symbol and Channel Interference 

ISCRI International Special Committee on Radio Interface 

ISD Independent Segment Decoding 

ISD Integrated Services Digital (TIA-646-B)

ISD International Standards Development 

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 

ISDN-BA ISDN Basic Access 

ISDN BRA ISDN Basic Rate Access 

ISDN-PA ISDN Primary Access 

ISD/TT Integrated Services Digital/Tie Trunk 

ISI Inter Symbol Interference 

ISIS Information Society Initiatives in Standardization 

ISLP Intersystem Link Protocol 

ISM Industrial, Scientific, Medical 

ISN Interface Service Node 

ISN Interface Serving Node (SG11) 

ISO International Organization for Standardization 

ISOC Internet Society 

ISOL Integrated Services Over Low speed serial inks 

ISP International Standardized Profile 

ISP Internet Selective Polling 

ISP Internet Service Provider 

ISPBX Integrated Services Private Branch Exchange 

ISPT Italian PTT 

ISRF Internet Screenphone Forum 

ISS Inter-Satellite Service 

ISSG Internet Services Study Group (MSAF) 

ISSLL Integrated Services over Specific Links 

ISSLOW Integrated Services System for Low Bitrate Environments 

IST Integrated Services Trunk 

IST ISDN tie trunks 

ISTO Industry Standards and Technology Organization 

ISTP IPCablecom Signaling Transport Protocol 

IST/TT IST and other Tie Trunk 

ISUP ISDN User Part 

ISWG Interoperability Sub-Working Group (ADSL Forum) 

IT Information Technology 

IT Intermediate Trunk 

ITAAB ISDN Technical Advisory Ad hoc Board 

ITAAG ISDN Technical Advisory Ad hoc Group 

ITAC Information Technology Association of Canada 

ITAC ITU-T Advisory Committee 

ITAD Integrated Telephone Answering Device 

ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations 

ITD Interface Telecom Domotique 

ITE Information Technology Equipment 

ITI Information Technology Industry Council (formerly CBEMA) 

ITIC Information Technology Industry Council 

ITL Independent Testing Labs 

ITM Informative Test Methods 

ITOC Independent Telephone Operating Company 

ITS Institute for Telecommunications Sciences 

ITS Intelligent Transport System 

ITSB Image Technology Standards Board 

ITSI Individual TETRA Subscriber Identity 

ITU International Telecommunication Union 

ITU-R ITU Radiocommunications Sector 

ITU-T ITU Telecommunications Sector

ITU-TSB ITU Telecommunications Standardization Board 

ITUDOCS Electronic Document Service of ITU 

ITV Interactive Television 

IUT Implementation Under Test 

I-V Current - Voltage 

IV Initialization Vector 

IVCD Initial Voice Channel Designation 

IVN Intervening Networks 

IVP Integrated Voice Protocol 

IVPC Integrated Voice Protocol and Commands 

IVR Interactive Voice Response 

IVS Integrated Video Services 

IWF Inter-Working Function 

IWU Interworking Unit 

-J- 

JADSL ADSL for ISDN 

JBIG Joint Binary Image Group 

JC Joint Capabilities 

JCCR Joint Committee on Cellular Roaming 

JCG Joint Coordination Group 

JDC Japan Digital Cellular 

JEEC Joint ETSI/ECMA Committee 

JEM Joint Experts Meeting 

JFIF JPEG File Interchange Format 

JITC Joint Interoperability Test Center 

JM Joint Menu 

JPC Joint Project Committee 

JPT Joint Project Team 

JPEG Joint Photographics Expert Group 

JPG Joint Presidents Group (CEN/CENELEC/ETSI) 

JQG Joint Question Group 

JRG Joint Rapporteurs Group 

JSC Joint Sectoral Committee 

JSD Joint Standards Documents 

JTACS Japanese TACS System 

JTAPI JAVA Telephony API 

JTC Joint Technical Committee 

JURA JPEG Utilities Registration Authority 

JUSTINTAC Joint User Supplier TIA ICEA NEMA Technical Advisory Committee 

JWG Joint Working Group 

-K- 

KLT Karhunen-Loeve Transform 

KTA Key Technical Areas 

KTS Key Telephone System 

KY totally protected key systems (FCC Part 68 Form 730) 

-L- 

L2TP Tunneling Protocol, standardized encapsulation capable of carrying multiple PPP sessions 

l2tpext Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Extensions (IETF) 

LA Local Application (T.611) 

LA Look Ahead 

LAC L2TP Access Concentrator

LAC Link Access Control 

LADC Local Area Data Channels 

LAES Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance 

LAIC Lawfully Authorized Intercept Capability 

LAN Local Area Network 

LANE LAN Emulation 

LAP Link Access Protocol 

LAPB Link Access Protocol B (ISDN-B Channel) 

LAPD Link Access Protocol D (ISDN-D Channel) 

LAPF Link Access Protocol - Frame 

LAPM Link Access Protocol for Modems (V.42) 

LAPV Link Access Protocol - Video Telephone 

LAR Log Area Ratio 

LATA Local Access Transport Area 

LB Letter Ballot 

LB Loop Back (Rec. I.610) 

LBC Low Bit rate Coder 

LBO Line Build Out 

LBS Location Based Service 

LC Last Call (ITU, IETF) 

LC Logic Channel 

LCAP Large Cell Access Profile 

LCD Liquid Crystal Display 

LCD Loss of Cell Delineation 

LCF Location Confirm 

LCFO Line Current Feed Open 

LCF-PMD Low Cost Fiber-Physical Medium Dependent 

LCL Longitudinal Conversion Loss 

LCN Logical Channel Number 

LCP Link Control Protocol 

LCTL Longitudinal Conversion Loss Transfer 

LD Long Distance 

LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 

LDCELP Low Delay CELP 

LDDS Limited Distance Data Service 

LDLL Limited Degradation of the Long Loop 

LDM Limited Distance Modem (CS-03) 

LDP Label Distribution Protocol 

LDPA Light Document Printing Architecture 

LDPC Low Density Parity Check 

LE Local Exchange 

LEC Local Exchange Carrier 

LEO Low Earth Orbit 

LES Loop Emulation Service 

LHS Left Hand Side 

LI Lawful Interception 

LISN Line Impedance Stabilization Network 

LL Leased Line 

LLC Logical Link Control 

LLI Lower Layer Information 

LLID Loopback Location Identifier (Rec. I.610) 

LMCO Lockheed Martin Corporation and Ericsson 

LMCS Local Multipoint Communications System 

LMDS Local Multi-point Distribution Service

LMF Location Management Function 

LMR Land Mobile Radio 

LMS Land Mobile Service 

LMS Loop Management System 

LMSI Local Mobile Station Identity 

LNP Local Number Portability 

LNS L2TP Network Server 

LO Local Oscillator 

LOI Letter of Intent 

LON Local Operating Networks 

LOO Likelihood of Occurrence 

LOS Loss of Signal 

LOSQ Listening Only Speech Quality 

LPC Linear Predictive Coding 

LPF Low Pass Filter 

LPIC Primary / Presubscribed Interexchange/IntraLATA Carrier 

LR Loudness Rating 

LRCC Last Registration Control Channel 

LRE Low bit Rate Encoding 

LRF Location Registration Function 

LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design 

LRJ LocationReject 

LRN Location routing number for LNP 

LRQ Location Request 

LS Lossless and near Lossless 

LSAS Line-Side Answer Supervision 

LSB Least Significant Bit 

LSD Low Speed Data channel 

LSO Loopback Service Options (cdma2000) 

LSOG Local Service Ordering Guidelines 

LSP Line Spectral Pair 

LSP Local Service Provider 

LSSGR LATA Switching Systems Generic Requirements (Bellcore) 

LSTR Listener Sidetone Rating 

LT Line Termination 

LTP Long Term Prediction 

LTU Line Terminating Unit 

LU Logical Unit 

LUS Location Update Service 

LVD Low Voltage Directive 

LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signaling 

LW Long Wave 

LZJH Lempel-Ziv-Jeff.Heath 

LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm 

-M- 

MA Moving Average 

MA Mobile Service 

MAC Management Ad Hoc Committee (TR-41) 

MAC Media Access Control 

MACA Mobile Assisted Channel Allocation 

MAH Mobile Access Hunting 

MAHO Mobile Assisted Handoff 

MAP Media Access Procedure

MAP Mobile Application Part 

MAPI Messaging API 

MAPI Microsoft API 

MASA Multimedia Services Affiliate Forum 

MATV Master Antenna Television 

MAWG Message Attachment Work Group 

MB Macro Block 

MBA Macroblock Address (H.263) 

MBE Multi-Byte Extension 

MBFT Multipoint Binary File Transfer 

MBMP Modem Bank Management Protocol 

MBN Multiservice Broadband Networks 

MC Message Center 

MC Multipoint Controller (H.323) 

MCBPC Macroblock type & Coded Block Pattern for Chrominance 

MCC Mobile Country Code 

MCC Modem Control Channel 

MCCC Multiple Concatenated Convolutional Codes 

MCD Mobile Communications Division 

MCF Message Confirmation (T.30) 

MCID Multi-line Caller Identification 

MCM Multi-Carrier Modulation 

MCP Motion Compensated Prediction 

MCPE Motion Compensated Prediction Error 

MCNS Multimedia Cable Network System 

Mcps Megachips per second 

MCS Multi-point Control Services (T.122) 

MCU Multi-point Control Unit 

MCV Multipoint Command Visualization 

MD-IS Mobile Data Intermediate System 

MD Manufacturer Defined 

MDBS Mobile Data Base Station 

MDC Manufacturer Declaration of Conformity 

MDC Multiple Description Coding 

MDCP Media Device Control Protocol 

MDCR Minimum Desired Cell Rate 

MDELFEXT Multiple-Disturber Equal-Level Far-End Crosstalk 

MDF Mux Data Frame 

MDI Medium Dependent Interface 

MDLP Mobile Data Link Protocol 

MDN Message Disposition Notification 

MDN Mobile Directory Number 

MDTP Multi-network Datagram Transmission Protocol 

MDU Multi-Dwelling Unit 

ME Mobile Equipment 

ME Motion Estimation 

MED Multiplexer Entry Descriptor 

Megaco MEdia GAteway Control Protocol (IETF) 

Megacop MEdia GAteway COntrol Protocol 

MEI Multiple Extension Interworking 

MEI Multiple Extension In use (TIA/EIA-777-A) 

MELP Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction 

MER Message Error Rate 

MERS Minimal Essential Requirements

M-ES Mobile End System 

MES Mobile Earth Station 

MF fully protected hybrid systems (FCC Part 68 Form 730) 

MF Multi-tone Frequency 

MFJ Modified Final Judgment 

MFP Multi-Function Peripheral 

MFPA Multi-Function Peripheral Association 

MFPI Multi-Function Peripheral Interface 

MFPL Multi-Function Peripheral Language 

MFPP Multi-Function Packet Protocol 

MG Management Group 

MG Media Gateway 

MGC Media Gateway Controller 

MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol 

MGT Mobile Global Title 

MH MultiHypothesis motion pictures (H.26L) 

MHEG Multimedia and Hypermedia Experts Group 

MHP Multimedia Home Platform 

MHS Message Handling System X.400 

MI Miscellaneous Work Item (ETSI) 

MI Mode Indicator 

MIB Management Information Base 

MIGG MRA Implementation Guide Group 

MIF Management Information File 

MII Ministry of Industry Information (China) 

MIM Man in the Middle 

MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension 

MIMO Multi-Input-Multi-Output 

M-IN Multimedia Intelligent Networking 

MIN Mobile Identification Number 

MIN Mobile Intelligent Network 

MIP Mobile Internet Protocol 

MIPS Million Instructions Per Second 

M-IRS Modified IRS 

MIRS Multimedia Information Retrieval Services 

MIV Multipoint Indication Visualization 

ML Maximum Likelihood 

MLC Multiple Logical Channel 

MLP Multi-Layer Protocol 

MLPP Multi-Level Precedence and Preemption 

MLT Modulated Lapped Transform 

MLTS Multi-Line Telecommunications Systems 

M-LVDS Multipoint Low Voltage Differential Signaling 

MLWW Multi Layered Winding Wire 

MM Mass Media (FCC) 

MM Mobility Management 

MM MultiMedia 

MM Multimode 

MMAP Mobility Management Application Protocol (T1S1) 

MMBAN Multi Media Broadband Access Nodes 

MMC Multiple Modulus Conversion 

MMCF Multimedia Communications Forum 

MMCOI Multimedia Communications Community of Interest 

MMDS Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service

MMF Multi Mode Optical Fiber 

MMG Multimedia Management Group (ETSI) 

MMH-MAC Multilinear Modular Hash - Message Authentication Code 

MMI Man-Machine Interface (TTT Services) 

MMI Modem Management Interface 

MMITS Modular Multifunction Information Transfer System 

mml mobile multilink 

MMO Modem Managed Objects 

MMoMBN Multimedia over MBN 

MMR Modified Modified Read 

MMRA Model Mutual Recognition Agreement 

MMS Multimedia Messaging Service 

MMUSE Multiparty Multimedia Session Control 

MMUSIC Multiparty Multimedia Session Control (WG) 

MNA Management Network Architecture 

MNC Mobile Network Codes 

MNE Mobile Network Entity 

MNLP Mobile Network Location Protocol (IS-732-501) 

MNP4 Microcom Networking Protocol 

MNRP Mobile Network Registration Protocol 

MNRU Modulated Noise Reference Unit 

MO Mobile Originated 

MOCS Managed Objects Conformance Statements 

MODB Macroblock mode for B-blocks 

MoDSL Modems over DSL 

MOH Modem on Hold 

MoIP Modems over Internet Protocol 

MOPS Million Operations Per Second 

MOS Mean Opinion Score 

MoU Memorandum of Understanding 

MOU Memorandum of Understanding 

MP Modulation Parameter 

MP Multipoint Processor (H.323) 

MPC Mobile Position Center 

MPCI Mobile Protocol Capability Indicator 

MPD Mode Power Distribution 

MPE Maximum Permissive Exposure 

MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group 

MPI Minimum Picture Interval 

MPh Half Duplex Modulation Parameters in the V.34 negotiation 

MPL Multiplex Payload Length field 

MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 

MP-MLQ Multi-Pulse - Maximum Likelihood Quantizer 

MPOP Main Point of Penetration (where phone lines enter the residence) 

MPPC Microsoft Point to Point Compression 

MPS Minimum Performance Specification 

MPU Multiple Port Unit 

MQ Modified Quantization 

MQLVS Multi-Quality Layered Video Service 

MR Mode Request 

MR Modified Read 

MR MultiRate 

MRA Mutual Recognition Agreements 

MRC Mixed Raster Content

MRD Market Requirements Document 

MRM Meeting Room Management 

MRP Markov Renewal Process 

MRPC Multipoint Remote Procedure Call 

MRU Maximum Receive Unit 

MS Management Services 

MS Mobile Station 

MS Mode Select 

MSAF Multimedia Services Affiliate Forum 

MSB Manufacturer Specified Blocks 

MSB Most Significant Bit 

MSBN MultiService Broadband Network 

MSC Message Sequence Chart 

MSC Mobile Switching Center 

MSC-BC Mobile Switching Center - Base Center 

MSCID Mobile Switching Center Identification 

MSCIN Mobile Switching Center Identification Number 

MSC-VBR Multi-mode Source Controlled Variable Bit-Rate 

MSD Master Slave Determination 

MSD Minimum Significant Difference 

MSDL MPEG-4 Syntactic Description Language 

MSDN Multi-Service Data Network 

MSE Mean Squared Error 

MSF Multiservice Switching Forum 

MSI Manufacturer Specific Information 

MSI Maximum Symbol Inversion 

MSID Mobile Station Identity 

MSIN Mobile Station INput (GSM) 

MSIN Mobile Subscriber Identification Number 

MSISDN Mobile Station ISDN 

MSJ Multiple Selective Reject 

MSLT Minimum Scan Line Time 

MSN Microsoft Network 

MSN multiple subscriber numbering 

MSO Markov Service Option (cdma2000) 

MSR Multi-Selective Reject 

MSR Market Service Requirement 

MSS Mobile Satellite Services 

MSSF Multi Service Switching Forum 

MST MESSAGE TYPE field 

MSWG Mobile Services Working Group (NAFTA/CCT) 

MT Mobile Terminal 

MT Mobile Terminated 

MT Mode Toggle 

MT Type of commercial fiber optic connector 

MT2 Cellular User's Mobile Termination 

MTA Major Trading Area 

MTA Multimedia Terminal Adapter (SG9) 

MTA Multimedia Terminal and Applications 

MTH Module Telecom Home 

MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error 

MTM Mobile Test Model 

MTP Message Transfer Part 

MTP Message Transfer Point

MTP Multicast Transport Protocol 

MTP/SO Multiple Transport Protocol/Self Organizing 

MTS Methodology of Test Suites 

MTS Methods for Testing and Specification (ETSI TC) 

MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching Office 

MTTCM Multi-tone Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation 

MTU Maintenance Terminating Unit 

MTU Maximum Transfer Unit 

MTU Multiple Terminal Unit (DSL Forum) 

MUB Multi-Use Bearer Service 

MUT Modem Under Test 

MUTOA Multi-User Telecommunications Outlet Assemblies 

MUX Multiplexer 

MV Membership Vote (ETSI) 

MV Motion Vector 

MVA Multipoint Visualization Achieved 

MVC Mobile Video Coder 

MVC Multipoint Visualization Capability 

MVD Motion Vector Data 

MVNO Mobile Virtual Network Operator 

MVPD Multi-channel Video Programming Distributor 

MVR Multipoint Visualization Refused/Revoked 

MVV Multirate/VAD VBR 

MW Mid Wave 

MWC Multi-Way Calling 

MWI Message Waiting Indication 

MWIF Mobile Wireless Internet Forum 

MWN Message Waiting Notification 

-N- 

N Newtons 

NA Network Aspects (ETSI TC) 

NA North America 

NAB National Association Of Broadcasters 

NACK Negative Acknowledgment 

NACLA National Cooperation for Laboratory Accreditation 

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement 

NAG Network Architecture Group (DSL Forum) 

NAG Network Reference Models, Acronyms and Definitions, and Guide to Standards Ad Hoc 

(TIA TR-45) 

NAI Network Access Identifier (RFC 2468) 

NAK Negative Acknowledgment 

NAK-NS Negative Acknowledgment - Not Supported 

NAK-NU Negative Acknowledgment - Not Understood 

NAL Network Adaptation Layer 

NALAG Network Adaptation Layer Ad hoc Group 

NAM Number Assignment Module 

NAMPS Narrowband AMPS 

NANC North American Numbering Council 

NANP North American Numbering Plan 

NANPA North American Numbering Plan Administrator 

NAP Network Access Provider 

NAPT Network Address Port Translation 

NAPTR Naming Authority Pointer

NAR Numbering, Addressing and Routing Committee of ETSI NA2 

NASNA National Association of State 9-1-1 Administrators 

NAS Network Access Servers 

NASRNG Network Access Server Requirements 

NAT Network Address Translation 

NATA North American Telephone Association 

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

NAVDEC Network Access Server and Voice on IP Device Control 

NA/WCPE North American WCPE 

NB Narrow Band 

NBC Non-backward Compatible 

NBDG New Business Development Group 

NBS Net Broadcast Service 

NBS Network Based Solution 

NBSP NarrowBand Signal Power 

NC Network Codes 

NCA Non-Call Associated 

NCAG Network Commonality Ad Hoc Group 

NCG Number Consulting Group (Bellcore) 

NCaps Capabilities with No sub-fields 

NCAS Non-Call Associated Signaling 

NCITS National Committee for Information Technology Standards 

NCP Network Connection Point 

NCRP National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurement 

NCS Network-based Call Signaling 

NCS Nurse Call System 

NCTA National Cable Television Association 

NCTE Network Circuit Terminating Equipment 

ND NSF Message data Indication 

NDA Non-Disclosure Agreement 

NDB Networked DataBase Service 

NDC National Destination Code (ITU) 

NDIS Network Driver Interface Specification 

NDSS Network Directed System Selection 

NE Network Element 

NE Network Entity 

NEBS Network Equipment Building System, a Bellcore environmental requirements specification 

NEC National Electric Code (U.S.) 

NECA National Electrical Contractors Association 

NECQ National Electronic Components Quality Assessment System 

NE-EC Near End - Echo Canceller 

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association 

NENA National Emergency Number Association 

NESC National Electric Safety Code 

NET Norme Europeenne de Telecommunication 

NEW FORUM Former COCOM 

NEXT Near End Cross Talk 

NFPA National Fire Protection Agency 

ng Next Generation 

NGDLC Next Generation Digital Loop Carrier 

NGN Next Generation Network 

NGN SG Next Generation Network Starter Group 

NGOF Next Generation Optical Fiber 

NGOSS New Generation Operations Support Systems (TM Forum)

NGSO Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit 

NHRP Next Hop Resolution Protocol 

NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 

NI National ISDN 

NI Network Interface 

NIA Network Indicate Address (H.230) 

NIBS National Institute for Building Standards 

NIC Network Interface Card 

NID Network Identification 

NID Network Interface Device 

NID Network Interface or Demarcation 

NIDAB Narrow Band Digital Broadcasting 

NII National Information Infrastructure 

NIO Network Input Output 

NIP Number Identification Presentation 

NISDN National ISDN 

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology 

N-ISDN Narrowband ISDN 

N-ISUP Narrowband ISDN User Part 

NIU Network Interface Unit 

NIUF North American ISDN Users Forum 

NLD Non-Linear Distortion 

N-LLC Narrowband Logical Link Control 

NLP Non-Linear Processor 

nm Nanometer 

NM Network Management 

NMAG Network Management Ad hoc Group 

NMC Network Management Center 

NMC Network Model Coverage 

NMDS Narrowband Multi-service Delivery System 

NMF Network Management Forum 

NMS Network Management System 

NMSI National Mobile Station Identification 

NMT Nordic Mobile Telephony 

NMX Normas Mexicanas (non-mandatory Mexican standard) 

NNI Network to Network Interface 

NOF Network Operations Forum 

NOI Notice of Inquiry 

NOM Mexican National Standards 

NO PROBLEM NOn PROprietary reliaBLe Electronic Mail 

NP Network Provider 

NP Non-Public 

NP Number Portability 

NPA Network Provider Access 

NPA Numbering Plan Area 

NPI Numbering Plan Indicator 

NPID Network Provider Identification 

NPR Noise Power Ratio 

NPRM Notice of Proposed Rule Making (FCC) 

NPRP Number Portability Routing Protocol (ETSI TIPHON Project) 

NR Noise Reduction 

NR Nordstrom-Robinson (FEC) 

NRA National Regulatory Authority 

NRC Negotiated Rulemaking Committee

NRC Network Reliability Council 

NRIC National Reliability and Interoperability Commission 

NRM Network Reference Model 

NRTL Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory 

NRZ Non-Return to Zero 

NRZI Non-Return to Zero on Ones 

NS-cap Non-Standard capability 

NS/EP National Security and Emergency Preparedness 

NSA National Security Agency (U.S.) 

NSAP Network Service Access Point 

NSB National Standardization Body 

NSC Non-Standard Facilities Command 

NS/EP National Security/Emergency Preparedness 

NSF Network-Specific Facilities 

NSF Non-Standard Facilities 

NSIE Network Security Information Exchange 

NSMA National Spectrum Managers Association 

NSO National Standard Organization 

NSP Network Service Provider 

NSRA Normal Seamless Rate Adaptation 

NSRP Numbered SRP response frames 

NSS Non-Standard Setup 

NSTAC National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee 

NT Network Termination 

NTCA National Telephone Cooperative Association 

NTE Network Terminating Equipment 

NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration 

NTP Network Termination Point 

NTP Network Time Protocol 

NTQ Near Toll Quality 

NTR Network Timing Reference 

NTR Network Timing Reference marker 

NTRAC New Technical Regulations Approval Committee (former TRAC), ETSI 

NTSC National Television System Committee 

NTU Network Terminating Unit 

NVCASE National Voluntary Conformity Assessment System Evaluation 

NVLAP National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program 

NVOD Near Video on Demand 

NVRAM Non-Volatile RAM 

NWK Network, Layer 3 of the WCPE protocol stack 

NYCE Certification Body accredited by SECOFI (Mexico) 

-O- 

O&M Operations and Maintenance 

O&NM Operations and Network Management working group (DSL Forum) 

O&P Ordering & Provisioning Committee (ATIS) 

OA&M Operations, Administration, and Maintenance 

OAA On Air Activation 

OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance 

OAM&P Operations, Administration, Maintenance & Provisioning 

OAN Optical Access Network 

OAP One step Approval Procedure (ETSI) 

OAS Organization of American States 

OATS Over-the-Air Activation TeleService

OBMC Overlapped Block Motion Compensation 

OBF Ordering and Billing Forum 

OBP On-Board Processing 

OC Operation Channel 

OCCS Overall Construction Classification System 

OCD Out of Cell Delineation (UNI 3.0) 

OCDMA Orthogonal CDMA 

OCG Operational Coordination Group (ETSI) 

OCG Overall Coordination Group 

OCI Open Circuit Interval 

OCR Optical Character Recognition 

ODA Open Document Architecture 

ODBC Open DataBase Connectivity 

ODL Object Definition Language 

ODP Open Distributed Processing 

ODP Originator Detection Pattern (V.42) 

ODTC Office of Defense Trade Controls (US) 

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 

OET Office of Engineering and Technology (FCC) 

OFB Output Feedback 

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 

OFS Operational Fixed Service (Microwave) 

OFSTP Optical Fiber Systems Test Procedure 

Oftel British Office of Telecommunications 

OGM Out-Going Message 

OHG Operator Harmonization Group 

OI Outline of Investigation 

OID Object Identifiers 

OIW Open Systems Implementers Workshop 

OJ Official Journal 

OJEC Official Journal of the European Communities 

OLC Open Logical Channel 

OLR On-Line Reconfiguration 

OLR Overall Loudness Rating 

OLT Optical Line Termination 

OM Object Model 

OM Optical fiber Multimode category 

OMCI Operation, Management and Control Interfaces 

OMG Object Management Group 

OMT Overhead Message Train 

ONE Other Network Entities (Omega Networks) 

ONP Open Network Provision 

ONS On Premise Station 

ONT Optical Network Termination 

ONU Optical Network Unit 

OOB Out of Band 

OOF Out of Frame 

OPASTCO Organization for the Promotoion and Advancement of Small Telecommunications Companies 

OpenVoB Voice over Broadband http://www.openvob.org 

OPS Off Premise Station 

OPTIS Overlapped PAM Transmission with Interlocking Spectra 

OPTS Over-the-Air Programming Teleservice 

O-QAM Orthogonally multiplexed QAM 

ORDQ Order Qualification

ORREQ Origination Request 

OS Operating System 

OS Optical fiber Singlemode category 

OSH Occupational Safety and Health 

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S.) 

OSI Open Switching Interval 

OSI Open System Interconnection 

OSN One Stop Notification 

OSP Open Settlement Protocol 

OSP OutSide Plant 

OSPF Open Shortest Path First 

OSS Operations Support Systems 

OTA Over-the-Air Activation 

OTAFG OTA Focus Group 

OTAPA Over-the-Air Parameter Administration 

OTAR Over-the-Air Rekeying (APCO Project 25) 

OTASP OTA Service Provisioning 

OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer 

OTFI One Time Feature Indicator 

OTI Open Telecom Infrastructure 

-P- 

P Predicted (Q6/16, VCEG) 

P&A Privacy and Authentication 

PA Partial Agreement 

PA Pass Along (Operation code) 

PABX Private Automatic Branch eXchange 

PAC Program Advisory Committee 

PACA Priority Access and Channel Assignment 

PACA-E Enhanced Priority Access and Channel Assignment Supplement Service 

PACC Partition, Aggregation and Conditional Coding 

PACS Personal Access Communications System, Licensed Band 

PAC-U Personal Access Communications System, Unlicensed Band 

PAD Packet Assembler Disassembler 

PAG Practical Application Guidelines 

PAGODA Profile Alignment Group on ODA 

PAL Phase Alteration Line 

PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation 

PAMS Perceptual Analysis/Measurement System 

PAR Peak to Average Ratio 

PAR Pixel Aspect Ratio 

PAS Publicly Available Specification 

PASC PCS Access Service for Radio Controllers 

PB Personal Base 

PB Predicted and Bi-directional 

PBNM Policy Based Network Management 

PBO Power Back Off 

PBS Personal Base Station 

PBX Private Branch Exchange 

PC Personal Computer 

PC_SSN Point Code Sub-System Number 

PCA Password Call Acceptance 

PCA Policy Group proposal on CA 

PCB Power Cut Back

PCC Per Call Control 

PCC Pre-activation Communications Channel 

PCC Private Control Channel 

PCC 1 Permanent Consultative Committee (CITEL) 

PCCA PCMCIA Communication Card Association 

PCCA Portable Computer Communications Association 

PCCC Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Codes 

PCF Personal Call Forwarding 

PCF Picture Clock Frequency 

PCH Paging Channel 

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect 

PCI Programmable Communications Interface 

PCI Protocol Capability Indicator 

PCIC Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (IEEE IAS) 

PCI SIG Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group 

PCIA Personal Communications Industry Association 

PCL Power Line Communication 

PCM Pulse Code Modulation 

PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association 

PCME Packet Circuit Multiplication Equipment 

PCN Personal Communications Network 

PCR Program Clock Reference 

PCS Personal Communication Services 

PCSAP PCS Application 

PCSC Personal Communications Switching Center 

PCSD Personal Communications Services Description 

PCT Pairwise Correlating Transform 

PD Plugfest Document 

PD Powered Device 

PD Proposed Draft 

PDAM Proposed Draft Amendment 

PDC Personal Digital Cellular 

PDD Post Dial Delay 

PDE Position Determining Entity 

PDE Primary Designated Engineer (UL) 

PDF Portable Document Format 

pdf probability distribution function 

PDH Plesiocronous Digital Hierachy 

PDH Primary Digital Hierachy 

PDL Polarization Dependent Loss 

PDN Packet Data Network 

PDS Phase Dithering Sequence 

PDU Protocol Data Unit 

PDTR Proposed Draft Technical Report 

PDU-MUX Protocol Data Unit Multiplexer 

PDV Packet Delay Variation 

PE Policy Enforcement element 

PE Poly Ethylene 

PE Public Inquiry (ETSI) 

PEAQ Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality (ITU-R rec. BS.1387) 

PED Portable Electronic Device 

PEF Proxy Element Function 

PER Packed Encoding Rules 

PER Parameter Error Rate

PESQ Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality 

PEX ETSI Help Desk for Conformance 

PEXT Premises End Crosstalk 

PF Presence Function 

PFD Power-flux Density 

PHB Per-Hop forwarding Behavior 

PHCF Hard Polymer Clad Fiber 

PHP Personal Handy Phone 

PHS Personal Handyphone System 

PHY Physical Layer 

PIB Personal Information Base 

PIC Primary / Presubscribed Interexchange Carrier 

PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement 

PID Protocol ID 

PIN Personal Identification Number 

PIN T.30 procedural interupt negative 

PINS Project Initiation Notification System (TIA) 

PINT PSTN Interworking (IETF) 

PINX Private Integrated Network Exchange 

PIP T.30 procedural interupt positive 

PISN Private Integrated Services Network 

PIXIT Profile Initialization for Test Cases 

PKCS Public Key Cryptography Standards 

PKI Public Key Infrastructure 

PL Physical Layer 

PL Preferred Language 

PL Program Lock 

PLAR Private Line Auto Ring 

PLC Power Line Communication 

PLI Power Line Interference 

PLL Phase Locked Loop 

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 

PLMTS Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System 

PLOAM Physical Layer Operations, Administrations and Maintenance 

PLS Physical Layer Specification 

PLT PowerLine Telecommunications 

PM Phase Modulation 

PM Performance Management 

PM Processable Mode 

PMC Packet Mode Channel 

PMC Project Management Committee (ETSI) 

PMCC Packet Mode Channel Connect 

PMCE Packet Mode Channel Element 

PMCH Packet Mode Channel Call Control 

PMCH Packet Mode Channel Handler 

PMD Physical Media Dependent layer 

PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion 

PMM Protocol Management Module 

PMMS Power Measurement Modulation Session 

PMP Point to MultiPoint 

PMR Peak-to-Mean Ratio 

PMS Physical Media Specific 

PMS-TC Physical Media Specific - Transmission Convergence 

PMT Program Management Team

PN Project Number (TIA) 

PNE Production of Norms in Europe 

PNNI Private Network to Network Interface 

P-n-P Plug and Play 

PNT Phone-line Network Transceiver 

POC Points of Contact (LBC) 

POC Postal Operations Council 

POC Proof-of concept 

POC Public Operator's Code 

POCSAG Post Office Code Standardization Advisory Group (UK) 

PoD Packet transport over DSL 

PoDSL Packet over DSL 

POF Plastic Optical Fiber 

POF Private Operating Frequencies 

PON Passive Optical Network 

POPs Points of Presence 

POS Packet-over-SONET 

POTS Plain Old Telephone Service 

PoV Packet over VDSL 

PoV-TC Packet over VDSL - Transmission Convergence Layer 

PoW Poor or Worse 

PP Portable Part 

PPD Proposal Package Description 

PPDN Public Packet Data Network 

PPI PCS to PCS Interference 

PPM Parts Per Million 

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol 

PPPoA PPP over ATM 

PPPoE Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet 

pps pulses per second 

PQ Priority Queuing 

PR Public Relations 

PR&A Project Request and Authorization 

PRA Primary Rate Access 

PRBS Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence 

PRC Premium Rate Charging 

PRC Private Channel 

PRD Pseudo-Random Downstream Sequence 

PRI Primary Rate Interface (ISDN) 

PRM Performance Report Messages 

PRNS Pseudo Random Noise Sequence 

PRO Planning and Reporting Officer 

PROM Programmable ROM 

PS PCSC ISDN Switch 

PS Product Safety 

PSA Polled SubAddress 

PSAP Public Safety Answering Point 

PSC Picture Start Code 

PSD Power Spectral Density 

PSDN Public Switched Data Network 

PSDS Public Switched Digital Service 

PSE Power Source Element 

PSE Power Sourcing Equipment 

PSELFEXT Power Sum Equal Level Far-end Crosstalk

PSI-CELP Pitch Synchronous Innovation CELP 

PSID Private System ID 

PSIDS Private System ID Service 

PSK Phase Shift Key 

PSN Private Switched Network 

PSNEXT Power Sum Near-end Crosstalk 

PSNR Peak Signal to Noise Ratio 

PSP Public Service Profiles 

PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network 

PSQM Perceptual Speech Quality Measure (ITU Rec. P.861) 

PSS1 Private Network Signaling System 1, defined by ISO 

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 

PSWG Product Safety Working Group (Trilateral) 

PT Portable radio Terminal 

PT Project Team (ETSI) 

PTC PictureTel Transform Coder 

PTCC Pex & Testing Competence Center (ETSI) 

PTM Packet Transfer Mode 

PTN Public Telecommunications Network (TIPHON) 

PTN Private Telecommunications Organizations 

PTNO Public Telecommunications Network Operator (TIPHON) 

PTO Private Telecommunications Organizations 

PTPCP Peer-To-Peer Control Protocols 

PTS Pay Terminals and System 

PTS Payphone Terminals and System 

PTS Pay Terminal System 

PTSP PNNI Topology State Packet 

PTT Public Telephone and Telegraph 

PTT Push to Talk 

PUA Personal User Agent 

PUC Public Utilities Commission 

PUM Personal User Mobility 

PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit 

PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride 

PWA Password Access 

PWD Password (T.30) 

PWG Printer Work Group 

PWT Personal Wireless Telecommunications 

PWT-E Personal Wireless Telecommunications - Enhanced Interoperability Standard 

-Q- 

Q&A Question and Answer 

QADM Quadrature Audio Data Modulation (VoiceSpan [TM]) 

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 

QBD QoS Bearer Descriptor 

QC Quick Connect 

QCA Quick Connect Acknowledge 

QCELP Qualcomm's proprietary version of CELP 

QCIF Quarter CIF 

Q-Mode Quiescent Mode (Q4/15) 

QoS Quality of Service (also QOS) 

QoSM Quality of Service Manager 

QP Quantization Parameter (H.262) 

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

QS Quality Scalability 

QSDG Quality of Service Development Group 

QSIG The signaling protocol used at the Q-interface between two switches in a private network. 

ECMA/ISO have defined a set of QSIG standards. 

QUANT Quantization parameter 

QUEST Quality Excellence for Suppliers of Telecommunications 

-R- 

R&O Report and Order 

R&TTE Radio and TTE (Telecommunications Terminal Equipment) Directive 

RAB Registrar Accreditation Board 

RACF Radio Access Control Function 

RACH Random Access Channel 

RADIUS Remote Access Dial-In User Server 

RADSL Rate-Adapting ADSL 

RAI Remote Alarm Indication 

RAL Restricted Access Location 

RAM Random Access Memory 

RAM Remote Access Multiplexer (DSL Forum) 

RAMA Resource Auction Multiple Access 

RAN Radio Access Network 

RAND Random Challenge Memory 

RAS Registration, Administration, and Status 

RAS Remote Access Server 

RASC Radio Access System Controller 

RAST Receive And Send Terminal 

RATERQ Rate Request 

RB Radiocommunications Bureau (ITU-R) 

RBAF Radio Bearer Adaptation Function 

RBB Residential BroadBand 

RBER Residual Bit Error Rate 

RBTESC Routing, Bridging, and Transfer of Emergency Service Calls 

RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company 

RBS Robbed-bit signaling 

RBW Resolution BandWidth 

RCC Return Channel for Cable 

RCDD Registered Communications Distribution Designer 

R-CELP Renewal CELP 

RCELP Residual CELP 

RCF Radio Control Function (T1P1) 

RCF RegistrationConfirm 

RCF Registration Control Field 

RCF Remote Call Forwarding 

RCH Random Access Channel 

RCP Radio Control Protocol 

RCPC Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional 

RD or R-D Rate Distortion 

RDC Remote Device Control 

RDI Remote Detect Indication (VC-RDI) 

RDQ Rate-Distortion constrained Quantization 

RDS Requirements Definition Study 

REA Rural Electrification Association 

REC RECeive alarm 

REJ Reject

RELP Residual Excited Linear Prediction 

REN Ringer Equivalence Number 

REQ-MP Request Mode Proposal 

REQ-MR Request Mode Request 

RES Radio Equipment Systems 

RESNA Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America 

RESCAP Resource Capabilities discovery 

REVAL Procedure for Evaluation of Radio Technologies for FPLMTS 

RF Radio Frequency 

RF Resolution Function (TIPHON) 

RFC Designation for an IETF Standard 

RFC Remote Feature Control 

RFC Request for Comments (IETF) 

RFDB Resolution Function Data Base (TIPHON) 

RFER Residual Frame Error Rate 

RFI Radio Frequency Interference 

RFI Request for Information 

RFO Remote Foreign Office 

RFP Radio Fixed Parts 

RFP Request for Proposal 

RFQ Request for Quotation 

RFT Remote Feeding Telecommunication (circuits) 

RFT-C Remote power Feeding Telecom - Current limited 

RFT-V Remote power Feeding Telecom - Voltage limited 

RG Residential Gateway 

RGB Red Green Blue 

RGIP Residential Gateway Internal Protocol 

RH Multiple HDLC Receive 

RIP Request In Process 

RIPE Regional Internet Registry for Europe 

RJ Registered Jack 

RL Return Loss 

RLAN Radio Local Area Network 

RLP Radio Link Protocols 

RLR Receive Loudness Rating 

RM Simple Facsimile Receive 

RMI Remote Method Invocation 

RMMIE Remote Modem Management Information Exchange 

RMOA Realtime Multimedia Over ATM (ATM Forum) 

RM-ODP Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing 

RMP Reliable Multicast Protocol 

RMS Root Mean Square 

RNR Receiver Not Ready 

ROAMOPS Roaming Operations Task Force 

ROC Report on Comments 

ROLR Receive Objective Loudness Rating 

ROM Read Only Memory 

ROP Report On Proposals 

ROSE Remote Operations Service Element (X.219 and X.229) 

ROT Receive Only Terminal 

RP Radio Ports 

RP Reference Points 

RP-AS Ringing, Pulse-Alerting Signal 

RPC Remote Procedure Call

RPCU Radio Port Control Unit 

RPE Regular Pulse Excitation 

RPF Remote Power Feed 

RPP Reverse-Pair Positioning 

RPR Reference Picture Resampling 

RPS Reference Picture Selection 

RPWM Rules of Procedure and Working Methods 

RQV Running Quality Value 

RR Resource Record (TIPHON) 

RR Registration Reject 

RRJ Registration Reject 

RRQ Registration Request 

RRU Reduced Resolution Update 

RS Radio System 

RS Radiocommunications Sector - ITU- (CCIR) 

RS Reed-Solomon (code) 

RS Rectangular Slice 

RS Resolution Services (TIPHON) 

RSA Public Key Cryptosystem invented by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman 

RSA Rural Service Area 

RSDN Regional Switched Digital Network 

RSF Residential Standards Forum 

RSGCP Reliable Signaling Gatway Control Protocol 

RSGP Reliable Signaling Gateway Protocol 

RSID Residential System Identification 

RSL Reference System Lab 

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication 

RSVP Resource Reservation Setup Protocol (IETF) 

RT Remote Terminal 

RT Round Trip 

RTC Return to Control (T.4) 

RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics 

RTCP Real-time Transport Control Protocol 

RTD Round Trip Delay 

RTE Remote Terminal Equipment 

RTF Radio Terminal Function 

RTLM Real Time Link Management 

RTP Real Time Transport Protocol (IETF) 

RTR Revised Technical Report (ETSI) 

RTS Request to Send 

RTS Revised Technical Specification (ETSI) 

RTS-CTS Request to Send - Clear to Send 

RTSP Real-Time Streaming Protocol 

RTT Radio Transmission Technologies 

RTTE Radio and Telecommunication Terminal Equipment 

RTU Right to Use 

RTX Request Retransmission 

RTYPE Rounding Type 

RUFP Reflected Unique Findable Pattern 

RVLC Reversible Variable Length Codes 

RX Receive 

RZ-SSB Return to Zero SSB

-S- 

S&R Segmentation and Re-assembly 

S/ATT Satellite Analog Tie Trunk (TIA-646-B) 

S/DTT Satellite Digital Tie Trunk (TIA-646-B) 

S/N Signal-to-Noise 

S/T Logical interface between xTU-R and user terminal equipment 

SA1 Systems Aspects - Services (3GPP Committee) 

SAA-AMS Service Aspects and Applications - Audio/Visual Multimedia Services 

SAAC Syntax-Based Adaptive Arithmetic Coding 

SABM Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode 

SABME Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended 

SAC Service Access Code 

SAC Subscriber Access Control 

SAC Syntax-based Arithmetic Coding 

SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel 

SAD Sum of Absolute Differences 

SAE Society of Automotive Engineers 

SAFE SeAmless, Fixed-overhead Efficient (framing) 

SAFER Secure and Fast Encryption Routine 

SAGE Security Algorithms Group of Experts 

SAID Serving Area ID 

SAM Synchronous Access Mode (V.80) 

SAMPS System Assisted Mobile Positioning through Satellite (TDMA Third Generation Wireless) 

SANC Signaling Area Network Code 

SAP Segmentation Application Part 

SAP Service Access Point 

SAP System Application Procedure 

SAPI Service Access Point Identifier 

SAR Segmentation And Re-assembly 

SAR Specific Absorption Rate 

SAS Smart Antenna Savvy 

SAS Subscriber Alerting Signal 

SASET Secure Audio SET 

SAT Satellite 

SAT Satellite ATM 

SAVD Simultaneous or Alternating Voice Data 

SBC Southern Building Code 

S-BCCH Short Message Service Broadcast Control Channel 

SBE Single Byte Extension 

SBI Sub-Bitstream Indicators 

SBID Stuff Bit ID 

SBM Single Bitmap 

SBSD Supplementary and Bearer Service Description (T1S1) 

SC Steering Committee 

SC Service Capability 

SC Subscriber Confidentiality 

SC Type of commercial fiber optic connector (Push-Pull) 

SCA Selective Call Acceptance 

SCaps Capabilities with Sub-fields 

SCC Standards Coordinating Committee (IEEE) 

SCC Standards Council of Canada 

SCCC Serial Concatenated Convolutional Code 

SCCH Single Cell Control Channel 

SCCP Signaling Connection Control Part (SS7)

SCD Service Capability Definition 

SCELP Spike Code Excited Linear Prediction 

SCF Service Control Function 

SCF Shared Control with Feedback 

SCF Supervisory and Control Function 

SCF Synchronization and Convergence Function 

SCF System Communication Function 

SCM Single-Carrier Modulation 

SCM Station Class Mark 

SCM Sub-Carrier Multiplexing 

SCN Switched Circuit Network 

SCOT Steering Committee on Telecommunications 

SCP Service Control Point 

SCR Selective Call Rejection 

SCSA Signal Computing System Architecture 

SCSC SubCommittee on Standards and Conformance (APEC) 

SCSI Small Computer System Interface 

SCT Strathclyde Compression Transform 

SCT Simple Control Transmission Protocol 

SCT Mexican Ministry of Communications and Transports 

SCTE Society of Cable Television Engineers 

ScTP Screened Twisted Pair 

SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol 

SCV Specialized Codec VBR 

SD Spectral Data 

SD Super Domain 

SDB Switched Digital Broadcast 

SDC Supplier's Declaration of Conformity (also SDOC) 

SDCC Supplementary Digital Color Code 

SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control Channel 

SDD Stutter Dialing Device 

SDF System Directory Function 

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 

SDL Structure Description Language 

SDMT Synchronized DMT 

SDO Standards Development Organization 

SDoC Suppliers Declaration of Conformity (also SDC) 

SDP Session Description Protocol 

SDPng SDP Next Generation 

SDR Sequence Determined Redundancy 

SDSAF Switched Digital Services Applications Forum 

SDSL Simultaneous DSL 

SDSL Symmetrical high bit rate Digital Subscriber Line 

SDSS Server Display And Script Services 

SDT Stutter Dial Tone 

SDU Service Data Unit 

SE Synchronous Editing 

SEAD Software Encryption Algorithm for Data Services 

SEBCH Systematic Extended Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquengham 

SEC ETSI Security Technical Committee 

SECOFI Mexican Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development 

SEI Supplemental Enhancement Information 

SELV Low Voltage associated with digital circuits (IEC 950) 

SEP Selective Polling (T.30)

SERVNOT Service Notification 

SES Severely Errored Second 

SES Standards Engineering Society 

SET Simple Endpoint Types 

SF Single Frequency 

SF Superframe 

SF Synchronization Flag 

SfDLy Superframe reconfiguration Delay number (Q4/15) 

SFF Small Form Factor 

SFlgSf Synch Flag Superframe number (Q4/15) 

SFR Special Function Registers 

SG Signaling Gateway 

SG Study Group (ITU) 

SGCI Simple Gateway Control Interface 

SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol 

SGFS Special Group for Functional Standards 

SGMM MultiMedia Study Group 

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node 

SHDSL Single-line High Speed DSL 

SHO Soft Handoff 

SI Signaling Intelligence 

SI Still Image 

SIA Security Industry Association 

SIA Semiconductor Industry Association 

SID Send Identifier 

SID Silence Insertion Descriptor 

SID System Identification 

SIF Standard Interchange Format 

SIG Special Interest Group 

SIGTRAN Signaling transport (IETF) 

SIM Subscriber Identity Module 

SIMD Single-Instruction, Multiple Data 

SIN System Identification Network 

SIO Scientific or Industrial Organization (ITU member) 

SIP Session Initiation Protocol (IETF) 

SIPTEL Session Initiation Profile for Internet Telephony, an IETF BoF group, which was a precurser 

to the IETF Working Group iptel (IP Telephony) 

SIR Signal to Interference Ratio 

SIRD Service Independent Requirements Definition 

SIT Special Information Tone 

SIU Subscriber Interface Unit 

SLA Service Level Agreement 

SLB Sequential Link Bring-up (V.MoIP) 

SLC Subscriber Loop Carrier 

SLC Start of Layer Data 

SLD Second Level Domain 

SLE Screen List Editing 

SLER Signal to Listener Echo Ratio 

SLIC Subscriber Line Integrated Circuit 

SLIM Simple Legislation for the Single Market 

SLP Service Location Protocol 

SLR Send Loudness Rating 

SM Service Management 

SM Single Mode

SM Spectrum Management 

SMALL Short Multiplexed AAL 

SMATV Satellite Master Antenna Television 

SMD Short Message Delivery 

SMDB Short Message Delivery Broadcast 

SMDBACK Short Message Delivery Backward 

SMDFWD Short Message Delivery Forward 

SMDM Short Message Delivery Multipoint Bearer Service 

SMDPP Short Message Delivery Point-to-Point Bearer Service 

SMDS Switched Multi-megabit Data Service 

SME Short Message Entity 

SME Signaling Message Encryption 

SME Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises 

SME Subject Matter Expert 

SMEKEY Short Message Encryption Key 

SMG Special Mobile Group 

SMI Structure of Management Information 

SMM Spectrum Management Methodology 

SMMI Single Man Machine Interface 

SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 

SMR Specialized Mobile Radio 

SMS Service Management System 

SMS Short Message Service 

SMSA Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area 

SM-SC Short Message Service Center 

SMSC Short Message Service Center 

SMSC SMS-call 

SMSREQ Short Message Service Request 

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 

SMV Selectable Mode Vocoder 

SN Scaling Number 

SN Service Node 

SNA Synchronous Network Architecture 

SNDCP Sub Network Dependent Convergence Protocol 

SNHC Synthetic-Natural Hybrid Coding 

SNI Service Node Interface 

SNI SMS Notification Indicator 

SNI Standard Network Interface 

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (IETF) 

SNR-LP SNR scalable coding with Leaky Prediction 

SNR Signal to Noise Ratio 

SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier 

SOC System Operator Code 

SOHO Small Office Home Office 

SOI Start of Image 

SOM Self-Organizing Multicast 

SONET Synchronous Optical Network 

SOP Standard Operating Procedure 

SOS Speech Option Selection 

SOT Send Only Terminal 

SOVA Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm 

SP Service Provider 

SP Standards Proposal (TIA Industry Ballot) 

SP Study Point (ETSI)

SP Switchable-P [frames] 

SPA Service Provider Access 

SPACH Short Message Service, Paging Channel and Access Response Channel 

SPAI Service Provider Access Interfaces 

SPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks (ETSI TC) 

SPAR Service Provider Access Requirements (ETSI SPAN) 

S-PCN Satellite Personal Communications Network 

S-PDU Supervisory PDU 

SPH Service Profile at the Home location 

spi spots per inch 

SPI Standard Programmatic Interface 

SPIFF Still Picture Interchange File Format 

SPINA Subscriber Personal Identification Number Access 

SPINI Subscriber Personal Identification Number Intercept 

SPC Single Parity Check 

SPC System Programming Code 

SPIRITS Service in the PSTN/IN Requesting InTernet Service (IETF) 

SPL Sound Pressure Level 

SPNE Signal Processing Network Equipment 

S-PRBS Single cycle - Pseudo Random Bit Sequence 

SPRT Simple Packet Relay Transport 

SPS Signaling Protocols and Switching 

SPS Signaling Protocol And System Technical Committee (ETSI) 

SPS5 SPC Signaling, Protocols and Switching Stored Program Controller (ETSI) 

SPTT Signal Processing Transmission Terminals 

SPV Service Profile at the Visited location 

SPVC Switched Permanent Virtual Circuit 

SPWG Service Provider-focused Working Group (Trilateral) 

SQ Scalar Quantization 

SQCIF Sub-QCIF 

SQEG Speech Quality Expert Group 

SQL Structured Query Language 

S/R Suspend/Resume 

SR Special Report (Telcordia) 

SRA Seamless Rate Adaptation 

SRC Strategic Review Committee (ETSI) 

SRD Standards Requirements Document 

SRDB Selective Routing Data Base 

SREJ Selective Reject 

SRF Service Resource Function 

SRGB Standard RGB (Red Green Blue) 

SRL Secure Radio Link 

SRL Software Release Letter 

SRL Structural Return Loss 

SRM Standards Related Matters 

SRP Scalable Resource reservation Protocol 

SRP Server Requester Protocol 

SRTS Synchronous Residual Time Stamp 

SRU Signal Regenerator Unit 

SRU-R Signal Regenerator Unit - Remote 

SS Slice Structured 

SS Steady State 

SS Supplementary Services 

SS#5 Signaling System 5

SS#7, SS7 Signaling System 7 

SS-CD Supplementary Services Call Deflection 

SS-CFB Supplementary Services Call Forwarding Busy 

SS-CFNR Supplementary Services Call Forwarding No Reply 

SS-CFU Supplementary Services Call Forwarding Unconditional 

SS-CI Supplementary Service - Call Intrusion 

SSCOP Service Specific Connecction Oriented Protocol 

SSCQE Single Stimulus Continuous Quality Evaluation 

SSCS Service Specific Convergence Sublayer 

SSD Shared Secret Data 

SSDSL Synchronized Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line 

SSE Sum of Squared Error 

SSF Service Switching Function 

SSFP Service Specific Face Plate 

SSG Special Study Group (ITU) 

SSI Signal Strength Indicator 

SSL Secure Sockets Layer 

SS-MCM Supplementary Services - Message Center Monitoring 

SS-MID Supplementary Services - Mailbox Identification 

SSN Sub-System Number 

SSO Speech Service Option 

SSOVP Solid State Primary Protectors 

SSP Service Switching Point 

SSPR System Selection for Preferred Roaming 

ST Type of commercial fiber optic connector (Bayonet) 

STANAG NATO Standardization Agreement 

STAG Security Techniques Advisory Group 

STB Set Top Box 

STC Sub-Technical Committee (ETSI) 

STD Simplified Trellis Decoder 

STDT Stutter Dial Tone 

STE Secure Terminal Equipment 

STF Specialist Task Force (ETSI) 

STG Special Task Group 

STG Special Topic Group 

STI Service Transport Interface 

STIT IEEE Subcommittee on Telephone Instrument Testing 

STL Software Tool Library 

STM Synchronous Transmission Mode 

STMR Sidetone Masking Rating 

STN Switched Telephone Network 

STP Set of Transmission Parameters (TM6) 

STP Shielded Twisted Pair 

STP Signaling Transfer Point 

STP Standards Technical Panel 

STQ Speech Transmission Quality 

STRE Side-Tone Reference Equipment 

STU Secure Terminal Unit 

STU SHDSL Transceiver Unit 

STU-C SHDSL Transceiver Unit - Central office end 

STU-R SHDSL Transceiver Unit - Remote Terminal End 

STU-III Secure Terminal Unit - III 

STS Short Term Stationary 

SU Subscriber Units

SUB Sub-address (T.30) 

SUD Single Use Device 

SUR Survivability 

SVB Switched Video Broadcast 

SVC Switched Virtual Circuit 

SVD Simultaneous Voice Data 

SVF Simultaneous Voice and Facsimile 

SW Software 

SWELP Switched Excited Linear Predictive 

SWG Sub-Working Group 

-T- 

T&E Technical & Engineering Committee (Telocator) 

T&I Testing & Interoperability (DSL Forum Working Group) 

T&IWG Testing & Interoperability Working Group (ADSL Forum) 

T&R Tip and Ring 

TA Technical Assembly 

TA Terminal Adapter 

TA Transmit Additional information 

TAAB Technical Ad hoc Advisory Board 

TAAC Telecommunications Advisory Committee 

TAB Tone above Band 

TABD Trans-Atlantic Business Dialog 

TAC Terminal-Aggregator Communication 

TAC Terminal Attachment Council 

TACS Total Access Communications Systems 

TAF Terminal Adoption Function 

TAG Technical Advisory Group 

TAP Traditional Approval Process (ITU, via Resolution 1) 

TAP Two-step Approval Process (ETSI) 

TAPAC Terminal Attachment Program Advisory Committee 

TAPI Telephony API 

TASA Telecommunications Access System Act 

TAWG Terminal Attachment Working Group 

TB Technical Body (ETSI) 

TB Turbo Block 

TBB Telecommunications Bonding Backbone 

TBCD Telephony Binary Coded Decimal 

TBD To be Determined 

TBG Technical Basis for Globalization 

TBH Technical Basis for Harmonized conformance 

TBI Ten Bit Interface 

TBR Technical Basis for Regulation (ETSI) 

TBRL Terminal balance return loss 

TC Technical Committee 

TC Telecommunications Closet 

TC Test Case 

TC Transaction Capabilities 

TC Trellis Coded 

TC Turbo Convolutional 

TCAM Telecommunication Conformity Assessment and Market Surveillance Committee (ETSI) 

TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part 

TC AT Technical Committee Access and Terminals (ETSI) 

TCB Telecommunications Certification Bodies

TCBC Telecommunications Certification Bodies Council 

TCC Technical Correlating Committee (NEC) 

TCC Borland Turbo C++ Compiler 

TC-ERM ETSI Technical Committee on EMC and Radio spectrum Matters 

TCF Training Check (T.30) 

TCH Transparent Circuit Handling 

TC HF Technical Committee Human Factor (ETSI) 

TCIF Telecommunications Industry Forum (ATIS) 

TCL Transverse Conversion Loss 

TCLw Terminal Coupling Loss weighted 

TCM Time Compression Multiplex 

TCM Trellis Coded Modulation 

TCM-ISDN Time Compression Multiplexed ISDN 

TC-NA ETSI Technical Committee on Network Aspects 

TCOEF Transform Coefficient 

TCON Telenor Research's error concealment decoder 

T-CONT Traffic Container (G.983.dba) 

TCP Terminal Connection Point 

TCP Transmission Control Protocol 

TCPA Telephone Consumer Protection Act (1991) 

TC-PAM Trellis Coded Pulse Amplitude Modulation 

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 

TC SP Technical Committee Speech Processing 

TC-SPS ETSI Technical Committee on Signaling Protocol and System 

TC-TM Technical Committees on Transmission and Multiplexing 

TCR-TR Technical Committee Report-Technical Report 

TCTL Tranverse Conversion Transfer Loss 

TD Temporary Document (ITU et al) 

TDD Task Data Descriptions (T.611 e-mail) 

TDD Telecommunications Devices for the Deaf 

TDD Time Division Duplexing 

TDF Transportable Document Format 

TDM Time Division Multiplex 

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 

TDOA Time Difference of Arrival 

TDSO Test Data Service Option (cdma2000) 

TE Terminal Equipment (ETSI TC) 

TE Traffic Engineering 

TE2 Cellular User's Terminal Equipment 

TEC-LA Telecommunications and Electronic Consortium for Latin America 

TEDPA Telecommunications Equipment Distribution Program Association (www.tedpa.org) 

TEL Telephony (APEC WG) 

TELR Talker Echo Loudness Rating 

TEM TE Management Meeting 

TEM Transverse Electro Magnetic 

TEN Trans-European Networks 

TEN-Telecom Trans-European Telecommunications Networks 

TEP Talk Echo Protection 

TEQ Time Domain Equalizer 

TES Telecommunication Equipment Safety 

TETRA Trans European Trunked RAdio 

TFIG Task Force Implementation Group 

TFO Tandem Free Operation 

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (RFC 1350)

TG Task Group 

TGB Telecommunications Grounding Busbar 

TGCP Trunking Gateway Control Protocol 

TH Tomlinson-Harashima 

THD Total Harmonic Distortion 

THL TransHybrid Loss 

TIA Telecommunications Industry Association 

TICS Transport Information and Control Systems 

TIES Telecom Information Exchange Services (ITU) 

TIES Time Independent Escape Sequence 

TIFF Tagged Image File Format 

TIFF-F Tagged Image File Format-Fax 

TIFF-FX Tagged Image File Format-Fax (RFC 2301) 

TIGIN Transport Network Equipment for Interconnecting GSTN and IP Networks 

TILU Telecommunications Industry Liaison Unit (FBI) 

TIMS Transmission Impairment Measurement System 

TINA Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture 

TIP Transport and Internetworking Package 

TIPIA TIPHON IP telephony Implementation Agreement 

TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (ETSI TC) 

TIWG Testing & Interoperability Working Group 

TLA Three Letter Acronym 

TLC Test Loop Combination 

TLD Third Level Domain 

TLDN Temporary Local Directory Number 

TLP Test Level Point 

TLS Transport Layer Security 

TLV Type Length Value 

TM TeleManagement (Forum) 

TM Transmission and Multiplexing (ETSI TC) 

TMCC TM Chairman's Coordination committee 

TMF TeleManagement Forum 

TMGB Telecommunications Main Grounding Busbar 

tML telecommunications Markup Language 

TML Test Model 

TMN Telecommunication Management Network 

TMN1 Temporal Reference Model for the Near Term 1 

TMN8 Video Codec Test Model, Near-Term, Version 

TMSI Temporary Mobile Station Identity 

TNR Transmit Not Ready 

TNS Transit Network Selection 

TNV Telephone Network Voltage (IEC 950) 

TO Telecommunications Outlet 

TOA Time of Arrival 

ToC Table of Contents 

TOC Terminated Open Circuit 

TOLR Transmit Objective Loudness Rating 

TOM Telecom Operations Map (TeleManagement Forum) 

TON Type of Number 

ToR Terms of Reference 

TOSCA Text and Office Systems Content Architecture 

TOSQA Telecommunication Objective Speech Assessment, algorithm of T-Nova Berkom 

TP Test Protocol 

TP Test Purposes

TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit (X.224) 

TPS Transport Protocol Specific 

TPS-TC Transport Protocol Specific-Transmission Convergence 

TPKT Transport Packet (T.123) 

TPUI Temporary Portable User Identity 

T/R Tip/Ring 

TR Technical Report 

TR Technical Requirements (TIA committee) 

TR Telecommunications Room 

TR Temporal Reference 

TR Transmit Ready 

TR2TF Technical (TR- Committee) Regulatory Reform Task Force 

TRAC Technical Recommendations Application Committee (ETSI) 

TRC TIPHON Resolution Capability 

TREG Telecommunications Regulatory Email Grapevine 

TRIC TIA Regulatory Issues Committee 

TRIO TIPHON Remote InterOp 

TRIP Telephony Routing Information Protocol 

TRL Transmit Loudness Rating 

TRMMDS Technical Requirements MultiMedia Distribution Systems 

TRP Temporal Reference for Prediction 

TRRTF Technical (TR- Committee) Regulatory Task Force 

TRWNT Technical Requirements Wireline Terminals 

TRWST Technical Requirements Wireless Terminals 

TS Technical Specification 

TS Time Slot (Q6/15) 

TS PCR Transport Stream Program Clock Reference 

TSA Transmitting Subscriber internet Address 

TSACC Telecommunication Standards Advisory Council of Canada 

TSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (ITU) 

TSAPI Telephony Server API 

TSB Telecommunications Standardization Board (ITU) 

TSB Telecommunications Systems Bulletin (TIA) 

TSG Technical Specification Group 

TSI Transmitting Subscriber Identification 

TSP Telephony Service Provider 

TSS ITU-Telecommunications Standardization Sector (CCITT) 

TSS Test Suite Specification 

TSSC Technical Standards Subcommittee (TIA) 

TSSS Temporal, SNR, and Spatial Scalability 

TSV Transport Area (IETF) 

TSWG Transport Sub Working Group (DSL Forum) 

TT ANSI Translation Type 

TTC Telecommunication Technology Committee (Japan) 

TTC TIA Technical Committee 

TTCM Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation 

TTCN Tree and Tabular Combined Notation 

TTE Telecommunications Terminal Equipment 

TTF Technical Task Force 

TTIB Transparent tone in band 

TTL Time To Live 

TTP Trusted Third Party 

TTT Trans-European Network Telecom (TIPHON) 

TTY Teletype

TU-C Transceiver Unit - Central Office End 

TUP Telephony User Part 

TV Television 

TWA Time Weighted Average 

TWAIN Scanner Interface API: Technology Without An Interesting Name (MFPI work) 

TWP Technical Working Procedures (ETSI) 

TX Transmit 

-U- 

U/S Upstream 

UA User Agent 

UAP Unified Accelerated Procedure 

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 

UAS Unavailable Seconds (Rec. G.997.1) 

UAWG Universal ADSL Working Group 

UB Unlicensed Band 

UBC Uniform Building Code 

UBC University of British Columbia 

UBIC Unbilled Itemized Calls 

UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 

UBS User-Based Solution 

UC-PAM Ungerboeck Coded PAM 

UCAN User Circuit mode Access to Network (T1S1) 

UCF Unregistration Confirm 

UCI Universal Communications Identifier 

UCS Universal Character Set 

UCS Universal multiple octet coded Character Set 

UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (industry initiative) 

UDI Unrestricted Digital Information 

UDLC Universal Digital Loop Carrier 

UDP User Datagram Protocol (IETF) 

UEP Unequal Error Protection 

UDP User Datagram Protocol 

UDPTL Facsimile UDP Transport Layer protocol 

UGST User's Group on Software Tools 

UHF Ultra High Frequency 

UI Unit Interval 

UI User Interface 

UI Unnumbered Information transfer format 

UIH Unnumbered Information with Header check 

UIM User Identity Module 

UL Underwriters Laboratories 

ULM Unified Management Framework 

ULP Uneven Level Protection 

Um Radio (Air) Interface between Mobile and Base Station 

UME UNI Management Entity 

UML Unified Modeling Language 

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 

UMV Unrestricted Motion Vector (H.263) 

U-N User-Network 

UNAA Universal Network Access Arrangement 

UN/ECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 

UNERM Unacknowledged Non-Error Recovery Mode 

UNH University of New Hampshire

UNI User-Network Interface 

UP User Part 

UPBO Upstream Power Back-Off 

UPC Usage Parameter Control 

U-PCS, UPCS Unlicensed PCS 

UPED User Premises Equipment Division 

uPnP Universal Plug and Play Forum 

UPR Users Performance Requirements 

UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply 

UPT Universal Personal Telecommunications (ITU) 

UPTSP Universal Personal Telecommunications Service Providers 

UPU Universal Postal Union 

UQ Utility Quality 

URI Unified Resource Identifier 

URI User Premises Equipment Regulatory Issues 

URL Uniform Resource Locator 

URQ Unregistration Request 

US Under Study 

US1 TDMA Wireless Speech Coder 

USAG United States Advisory Group 

USB Universal Serial Bus 

USCEL United States Council of EMC Laboratories 

USH University of Sherbrooke 

USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module (3GPP Working Group T3) 

uSMS universal Short Message Service 

USNC United States National Committee 

USOC Uniform Service Order Codes 

USTA United States Telecom Association 

USTR US Trade Representative 

UT Upper Tester (TIPHON) 

UTAM Unlicensed Transition and Management 

UTC Universal Time Code 

UTF UCS (Universal Character Set) Transformation Format 

UTL Utility 

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair 

UTRAN UMTS Radio Access Network 

UU, U-U User to User 

UUI User-User Interface 

UUIE User-to-User Information Element 

UUT Unit Under Test 

UVG Universal Voice Grade 

UVLC Universal Variable Length Codeword 

UWCC Universal Wireless Communications Consortium 

UXP Unequal Erasure Protection 

-V- 

V&M Voice and Multimedia WG (ATM Forum) 

V&V Validate and Verify 

VA Viterbi Algorithm 

VAD Voice Activity Detector 

VADSL Very high speed ADSL 

VAF Voice Activity Factor 

VAME Voice on ATM Multiplication Equipment 

VAR Value Added Resellers

VBD Voice Band Data 

VBRnrt Variable Bit Rate non-real time 

VBRrt Variable Bit Rate real time 

VBSMC Variable Block-Size Motion Compensation 

VBV Video Buffer Verification 

VC-RDI Virtual Circuit-Remote Detect Indicator 

VC Video Control 

VC Virtual Channel 

VC Virtual Circuit (Rec. I.610) 

VC Virtual Connection 

VC Virtual Container 

VC Volume Control 

VCC Virtual Channel Connection 

VCEG Video Coding Experts Group (Q6/16) 

VCELS Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser 

VCOM vcom.drv for Microsoft Chicago 

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier 

VCL Video Coding Layer 

VCR Video Cassette Recorder 

VCS Voice Controlled Services 

VDC Volts DC 

VDI Verification and Demonstration Implementation 

VDI Verification, Design and Implementation 

VDMA German Telefax Association, Verband Deutscher Maschinen und Anlagenbau 

VDSL Very high speed DSL 

VDTI Voiceband Data Transmission Interface 

VED Voice Enhancement Devices 

VEMMI Versatile MultiMedia Interface (ETSI) 

VEMMI Videotex Enhanced Man Machine Interface Service 

VERA Video Error Resilience Algorithm 

VESA Video Electronic Standard Association 

VHE Virtual Home Environment 

VHF Very High Frequency 

VHN VESA's Home Networking 

V-I Voltage - Current 

VIA Vendors ISDN Association 

VICS Vehicle Information and Communications System Service (Japan) 

VIM Vendor Independent Messaging 

VIMP Virtual Interoperability Meeting Place 

VISIONng Voice over IP Service IntroductiON - new generation 

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network 

VLBR Very Low Bit Rate 

VLBVT Very Low Bit rate Video Telephony 

VLC Variable Length Coding 

VLCD Variable Length Coding and Decoding 

VLD Variable Length Decoding 

VLDB Very Large Database 

VLF Visitor Location Function 

VLR Visitor Location Register 

VLRIN Visitor Location Register Identification Number 

VLSI Very Large Scale Integration 

VM Verification Model 

VMAC Voice Mobile Attenuation Code 

VMLA Virtual Mobile Location Area

VMM Virtual Meeting Management 

VMOA Voice and Multimedia over ATM (ATM Forum WG) 

VMS IBM operating system 

VMS Voice Mail System 

VMWI VoiceMail Waiting Indication 

VoADSL Voice over ADSL 

VoATM Voice over ATM 

VoB Voice over Broadband 

VOC VDSL Operations Channel 

VOD Video on Demand 

VoDSL Voice over DSL 

VoI Voice over Internet 

VoIP Voice Over Internet Protocol 

VoMBN Voice over Multi-Service Broadband Networks 

VoMPLS Voice over MPLS 

VoMSDN Voice over Multi-Service Data Networks 

VON Voice on Network Coalition 

VON Voice On the Net 

VOP Video Object Planes 

VOP Voice over Packet (Network) 

VoSTM Voice over Synchronous Transfer Mode 

VOX Voice Operated Transmission 

VP Virtual Packet 

VP Virtual Path (ATM Forum) 

VPF Virtual Private Facility 

VPI Virtual Path Identifier 

VPIM Voice Profile for Internet Mail 

VPM Voice Privacy Mask 

VPMASK Voice Privacy Mask 

VPN Virtual Private Network 

VQ Vector Quantization 

VQEG Video Quality Experts Group 

VQmon ETSI TS101 329-5 Annex E, Method for Determining an Equipment Impairment Factor 

using Passive Monitoring 

VR Vertical Resolution 

VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal satellite services 

VSB Vestigial Side Band 

VSC Vertical Service Codes 

VSELP Vector Sum Excited Linear Predictive Coding 

VTOA Voice and Telephony Over ATM 

VTQME Voice Transmission Quality Mouth to Ear (ETSI) 

VTR Video Tape Recorder 

VTS Voice Tone Support 

VTU VDSL Transceiver Unit 

VTU-C VDSL Transceiver Unit - Central 

VTU-O VDSL Transeiver Unit at the Optical network unit 

VTU-R VDSL Transceiver Unit - Remote Terminal 

V-UNI Virtual UNI 

VWC Vector Wavelet Coding 

-W- 

W3C World Wide Web Consortium 

WACS Wireless Access Communication Systems 

WAN Wide Area Network

WAP Wireless Application Protocol 

WARC World Administrative Radio Conference 

WB Wide Band 

WBS Wireless Business System 

WCAT Wireless Cellular Action Team 

WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access 

WCPE Wireless CPE 

WCS Wireless Communications System 

WD Wireless communications Devices 

WD Working Document 

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing 

WDS Wireless Data Service 

WEB-CAM Web Camera 

WER Word Error Rate 

WFOM Wait for Overhead Message 

WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing 

WG Working Group 

WI Waveform Interpolation 

WI Work Item 

WIDE Widely Integrated Distributed Environment 

WIMS Wireless Multimedia and Messaging Services 

WIN Wireless Intelligent Network 

WINS BT's Wideband Impulsive Noise Survey 

WLAN Wireless LAN 

WLL Wireless Access Local Loop 

WLNP Wireless Local Number Portability 

WML Wireless Markup Language (used in WAP) 

WMOPS Weighted MOPS 

WOSA Windows Open Services Architecture 

WOT World Ordering Team (TeleManagement Forum) 

WP Working Party (ITU) 

WPA Working Party A 

W-PBX Wireless PBX 

WPT Wireless Personal Terminal 

WRC World Radiocommunication Conference 

WRE Wireless Residential Extension 

WSC World Standardization Conference 

WT Working Text (DSL Forum) 

WTLR Wireless Terminal Location Registration 

WTPF World Telecommunication Policy Forum (ITU) 

WTSA World Telecommuncations Standardization Assembly (ITU) 

WTSC World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (ITU) 

WUPE Wireless User Premises Equipment (TR-41.6) 

WWW World Wide Web (Internet) 

-X- 

XAPI eXtensive Application Programming Interface 

XAPIA X.400 API Association 

xDSL All the different Digital Subscriber Line technologies 

xGCP Gateway Control Protocol including MGCP, SGCP and IPDC 

XID eXchange IDentification 

XIWT Cross-Industry Working Team 

XML eXtended Markup Language 

XNI Customer Network Interface

xoIP FoIP, MoIP, VoIP 

XOR eXclusive OR 

XRS Message not understood 

XTI X-open Transport Interface 

xTAAB Advisory Board on Other Access Technologies 

xTU-C All the different Transceiver Units - Central 

xTU-R All the different Transceiver Units - Remote 

-Y & Z- 

ZHP Z = input impedance of the ADSL transceiver; HP = high pass (ETSI RTS_TM-06006) 

ZLP Zero Loss Plan

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

SSEC Acronyms List 

Acronyms, Abbreviations, Terms 

A—Ampere 

A 3 RI—Antarctic Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Institute 

AAAS—American Association for the Advancement of Science 

AAS—American Astronomical Society 

ABBA—Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm 

ABI—Advanced Baseline Imager 

ABLE—Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment 

ABOM—Australian Bureau of Meteorology 

ABS—Advanced Baseline Sounder 

ac or AC—alternating current 

ACARS—Aeronautical Radio, Inc. Communication and Recording System 

ACC—Atlantic Climate Change 

ACIS—ACademic Information Services (IBM) 

ACRIM—Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (EOS) 

ACS—Asynchronous Communications Server 

ADA—Americans with Disabilities Act 

ADC—Astronomical Data Center 

ADC—Atlantic Data Coverage (Meteosat) 

ADDE—Abstract Distributive Data Environment 

ADEOS—ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite (Japan) 

ADOM—Acid Deposition and Oxidant Model 

ADP—Administrative Data Processing (UW-Madison) 

ADR—Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator 

AERI—Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer 

AES—Atmospheric Environment Service (Canada) 

AFB—Air Force Base 

AFGL—Air Force Geophysics Laboratory 

AFOS—Automation of Field Operations and Services (NWS) 

AFOSR—Air Force Office of Scientific Research 

AFWEX—Atmospheric Radiation Measurement First ISCCP Regional field Experiment Water Vapor Experiment (Nov.-Dec. 

2000) 

AGCM—Atmospheric General Circulation Model 

AGCM—Australian General Circulation Model 

AGFS—Aviation Gridded Forecast System 

AGL—Above Ground Level 

AGU—American Geophysical Union 

AI—Artificial Intelligence 

AIAA—American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 

AIREP—AIRcraft REPort 

AIRS—Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (EOS) 

AISC—Assessment and Information Services Center 

AIX—Advanced Interactive eXecutive (IBM’s UNIX) 

AJ—Astronomical Journal 

a.k.a.—also known as 

ALERT—Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time 

ALPEX—ALPine EXperiment 

ALSPP—Atmospheric and Land Surface Processes Project 

ALT—ALTimeter 

AMANDA—Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array

amp—Ampere 

AMRC—Antarctic Meteorological Research Center 

AMRIR—Advanced Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer 

AMS—American Meteorological Society 

AMSAS—AOA Meteorological Satellite Analysis System 

AMSU—Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit (EOS) 

ANL—Argonne National Laboratory 

ANSI—American National Standards Institute 

AO—Announcement of Opportunity 

AOA—Airborne Optical Adjunct 

AO&SS—Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences (building) 

AOS—(Department of) Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 

AOT—Aerosol Optical Thickness 

AP—Anomalous Propagation 

AP—Associated Press 

API—Application Program Interface 

Ap.J—Astrophysical Journal 

APT—Automatic Picture Transmission 

APU—Auxiliary Power Unit 

ARA—Appletalk Remote Access 

ARC—Ames Research Center (NASA) 

ARC—Arctic Radiation and Chemistry experiment 

ARM—Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE) 

ARM—Australian Region McIDAS 

ARPA—Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD, formerly DARPA) 

ARPS—Advanced Regional Prediction System 

ARSLOE—Atlantic Remote Sensing Land/Ocean Experiment 

ASA—Academic Staff Assembly 

ASA—Antarctic Support Associates 

ASADA—Automated Smoke/Aerosol Detection Algorithm 

ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange 

ASDAR—Aircraft to Satellite DAta Relay 

ASEAN—Association of SouthEast Asian Nations 

ASHOE—Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment 

ASIS—American Society for Information Science 

ASOS—Automated Surface Observing System (NWS) 

ASPT—Advanced Satellite Products Team (NOAA/ORA) 

ASPRO—Academic Staff Public Representation Organization 

ASR—Airport Surveillance Radar 

ASTER—Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (EOS) 

ASTEX—Atlantic STratus EXperiment 

AT&T—American Telephone & Telegraph 

ATBD—Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (EOS) 

ATC—Air Traffic Control 

ATM—Asynchronous Transfer Mode 

ATM—Division of ATMospheric Sciences (NSF) 

ATMES—ATmospheric Model Evaluation Study 

ATOVS—Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder 

ATS—Applications Technology Satellite 

AU—Astronomical Unit 

AURA—Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy 

AUTONAV—AUTOmatic NAVigation 

AVE-SESAME—Atmospheric Variability Experiment-Severe Environmental Storm and Mesoscale 

Experiment (1970s)

AVHRR—Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 

AVIRIS—Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (JPL) 

AWC—Aviation Weather Center (form. NSSFC; NWS Center) 

AWIPS—Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (NWS) 

AWS—Air Weather Service (USAF) 

AWS—Automatic Weather Stations 

BAHC—Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle 

BAMS—Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 

BAPMoN—Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (WMO) 

BASE-A—Biomass burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment-Amazonia 

baud—one bit per second 

BBS—Bulletin Board System 

BBXRT—Broad Band X-Ray Telescope 

BCS—Broadband Cable System (UW) 

bit—binary digit 

BITNET—Because It’s Time NETwork 

BLCMD—BiLevel CoMmanD (DXS) 

BLIS—Boundary Layer Instrumentation System 

BMEE—Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering 

BMO—British Meteorological Office 

BMRC—Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (Australia) 

BOM—Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) 

BOREAS—Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study (BAHC/GEWEX) 

bpi—bits per inch 

bps or BPS—bits per second 

BSEE—Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering 

BTW—By The Way (e-mail) 

BUFR—Binary Universal FoRm 

BUV—Backscattered UltraViolet 

C—Capacitance 

C—Centigrade 

CAC—Climate Analysis Center 

CACGP—Commission of Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (IAMAP) 

CAD—Computer Aided Design 

CAMEX—Convection and Moisture Experiment 

CAMS—Calibrated Airborne Multispectral Scanner 

CaPE—Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (STORM) 

CAPE—Convective Available Potential Energy 

CAPPI—Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator 

CAPS—Center for the Analysis and Prediction of Storms 

CART—Cloud And Radiation Testbed (DOE/ARM) 

CAS—Calibrated Air Speed 

CCD—Charge-Coupled Device 

CCFF—Cape Canaveral Forecasting Facility 

CCM—Community Climate Model 

CCN—Cloud Condensation Nucleus (or Nuclei) 

CCR—Center for Climatic Research (IES) 

CCT—Computer Compatible Tape 

CDDF—Central Data Distribution Facility 

CDDIS—Crustal Dynamics Data Information System 

CDE—Common Desktop Environment 

CDF—Common Data Format (NASA/SSDC) 

CDF—Communications Data Field 

CD-ROM—Compact Disc-Read Only Memory

CEES—Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences (U.S.) 

CEOS—Committee for Earth Observation Satellites 

CEPEX—Central Equatorial Pacific EXperiment 

CERES—Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (EOS) 

CERN—Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (European Laboratory for Particle Physics; Geneva, Switzerland) 

CFC—ChloroFluoroCarbon 

CFTC—Commodity Futures Trading Commission 

CG—Center of Gravity (DXS) 

CGC—Climate and Global Change 

CGCP—Climate & Global Change Program 

CGI—Common Gateway Interface (Internet) 

CGM—Computer Graphics Metafile 

CGSE—Customer electrical Ground Support Equipment (DXS) 

CH 4 —methane 

CHAMEX—Cloud Height And Motion EXperiment 

CHAMMP—Computer Hardware, Advanced Mathematics and Model Physics 

CICA—Center for Innovative Computer Applications 

CICS—Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (U.Maryland) 

CIESIN—Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (U.S.) 

CIMMS—Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (OK) 

CIMSS—Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies 

CIRA—Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CSU) 

CIRES—Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CO) 

CIRRUS—Cloud InfraRed Radiometer for UnESS 

CISE—Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (NSF) 

CIT—Convection-Induced Turbulence 

CITA—Center for IT Accommodation (GSA) 

CITE—Cargo Integration and Test Equipment (DXS) 

CITE —Chemical Instrument Test and Evaluation (NASA GTE) 

CLASS—Cross-chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System 

CLS—Cloud Lidar System 

CMA—China Meteorological Administration 

CMS—Conversational Monitoring System 

CNES—Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales 

CNN—Cable News Network 

CNRS—Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique 

CO 2 —Carbon dioxide 

COADS—Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset 

COARE—Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Research Experiment (TOGA) 

CODAR—COrrelation Detection And Ranging 

COHMEX—COoperative Huntsville Meteorological EXperiment 

Co-I—CoInvestigator 

COMET—Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology Education and Training (NOAA and UCAR) 

COMSAT—COMmunications SATellite 

CONUS—CONtinental (or CONterminus) United States 

COSPAR—Committee On SPAce Research 

COSTAR—Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement 

COTS—Commercial Off-The-Shelf 

CPA—Certified Public Accountant 

CPC—Climate Prediction Center (NWS Center) 

cpi—characters per inch 

CPR—CardioPulmonary Resuscitation 

CPSC—Consumer Product Safety Commission 

CPU—Central Processing Unit

CRAS—CIMSS Regional Assimilation System 

CrO 2 —Chromium Oxide 

CRT—Cathode Ray Tube 

CS—Computer Science 

CS&S—Computer Sciences and Statistics (UW-MSN) 

CSC—Computer Sciences Corporation 

CSI—Coastal Studies Institute (LSU) 

CSIRO—Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization 

CSIS—Centralized Storm Information System 

CSM—Comprehensive System Model 

CSMP—Climate System Modeling Project 

CST—Central Standard Time 

CST—Convective-Stratiform Technique 

CSU—Colorado State University (Ft. Collins) 

CTD—Conductivity-Temperature-Depth 

CTS—Committee on Teaching of Science 

CU—University of Colorado 

CVS—Concurrent Versions System 

CWB—Central Weather Bureau (Taiwan) 

CZCS—Coastal Zone Color Scanner 

DAAC—Distributed Active Archive Center 

DARPA—Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 

DASD—Direct Access Storage Device 

DAT—Digital Audio Tape 

DC—Detector Controller (DXS) 

dc—direct current 

DCS—Data Collection System (NOAA polar orbiting satellites) 

DDE—Distributive Data Environment (McIDAS) 

DDS—Domestic Data Service (NWS) 

DE—Detector Electronics (DXS) 

DEC—Digital Equipment Corporation 

DFAD—Digital Feature Analysis Data 

DFRC—Dryden Flight Research Center 

DGVM—Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (GAIM) 

DIFAX—DIgital FAcsimile map 

DILHR—Department of Industry, Labor & Human Relations 

DIS—Data and Information System 

disc—optical media (CDs) 

DISEL—Diseno e Ingenieria de Systemas Electronicos 

disk—magnetic media (floppies) 

DIU—Detector Interface Unit (DXS) 

DLL (or .dll)—Dynamic Link Libraries 

DMA—Defense Mapping Agency 

DMAP—Digital MAPping, charting and geodesy analysis program (USN) 

DMIC—Deputy Meteorologist-In-Charge (NWS) 

DMS—DiMethylSulphide 

DMSP—Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (USAF) 

DNAG—Decade of North American Geology 

DNR—Department of Natural Resources 

DNS—Domain Name System 

DOA—Department of Administration (U.S.) 

DOC—Department of Commerce (U.S.) 

DOD—Department of Defense (U.S.) 

DODS—Distributed Ocean Data System

DOE—Department of Energy (U.S.) 

DOI—Department of the Interior (U.S.) 

DoIT—Department of Information Technology (UW-MSN) 

DOJ—Department of Justice (U.S.) 

DOL—Department of Labor (U.S.) 

DORIS—Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (EOS) 

DOS—Department of State (U.S.) 

DOS—Disk Operating System 

DOT—Department of Transportation (U.S.) 

DPS—Detector Power Supply 

DPS—Division of Planetary Science 

DPSS—Data Processing Services Subsystem 

DRIBU—DRIfting BUoy data 

DS2—Second Dark Spot (Neptune) 

DSDP—Deep Sea Drilling Project 

DSP—Digital Signal Processing 

DST—Data Systems Test 

DTE—Data Terminal Equipment 

DTED—Digital Terrain Elevation Data 

DXS—Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer 

E&CE—Electrical and Computer Engineering 

EADS—Engineering and Data Analysis System 

EarthKAM—Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle-schoolers 

EBCDIC—Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code 

ECB—Educational Communications Board 

ECMWF—European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts 

ECOSOC—ECOnomic and SOcial Council (UN) 

ED—Department of Education (U.S.) 

EDC—EROS Data Center 

EGA—Enhanced Graphics Adapter 

EGSE—Electrical Ground Support Equipment 

EIA—Electronic Industries Association 

EM—ElectroMagnetic 

e-mail or email—electronic mail 

EMC—ElectroMagnetic Compatibility 

EMC—Environmental Modeling Center (NWS Center) 

EMI—ElectroMagnetic Interference 

EMT—Emergency Medical Technician 

ENSO—El Niño/Southern Oscillation 

EOS—Earth Observing System 

EOSDIS—Earth Observing System Data and Information System 

EOSP—Earth Observing Scanner Polarimeter 

EPA—Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) 

EPS—European Polar Satellite 

ER-2—Earth Resources (plane), #2 (NASA) 

ERA—Employee Reimbursement Account 

ERBE—Earth Radiation Budget Experiment 

ERBS—Earth Radiation Budget Satellite 

ERICA—Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic 

ERL—Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA) 

EROS—Earth Resources Observing System 

ERS—ESA Remote Sensing satellite 

ERSAF—Environment Remote Sensing Analysis Facility 

ERSC—Environmental Remote Sensing Center (IES)

ESA—European Space Agency 

ESDD—Earth Science Data Directory 

ESE—Earth Science Enterprise (NASA) 

ESMR—Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer 

ESOC—European Satellite Operations Center 

ESSA—Environmental Science Services Administration (preceded NOAA) 

ESSP—Earth System Science Pathfinder Mission (ESSP) 

ESTEC—European Space TEchnical Center 

ETAC—Environmental Technical Applications Center (USAF) 

EUMETSAT—EUropean organization for the exploitation of METeorological SATellites 

EVA—Extra Vehicular Activity 

FAA—Federal Aviation Administration 

FAM—Flight Assurance Manager (DXS) 

FAO—Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) 

FAQ—Frequently Asked Questions (Internet) 

Fax—facsimile 

FCCC—Framework Convention on Climate Change 

FD—Flight Day (NASA) 

FDA—Food and Drug Administration (U.S.) 

FDIC—Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (U.S.) 

FedEx—Federal Express (colloquial till mid-1994, then new name) 

FEMA—Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.) 

FFA—Future Farmers of America 

FFT—Fast Fourier Transform 

FGGE—First GARP Global Experiment 

FIFE—First ISLSCP Field Experiment 

FIFO—First In, First Out 

FIRE—First ISCCP Regional Field Experiment 

FLOP—FLoating point OPeration 

FLOWS—FAA-Lincoln Operational Weather Study 

FOB—Federal Office Building 

FOC—Faint Object Camera (HST) 

FORTRAN—FORMula TRANslation 

FOS—Family Of Services (NWS) 

FOV—Field Of View 

FPDT—Forecast Products Development Team (NOAA/ORA) 

FPO—Field Project Office 

FRB—Federal Reserve Board (U.S.) 

FSL—Forecast Systems Laboratory (a NOAA ERL) 

FTC—Federal Trade Commission (U.S.) 

FTE—Full-Time Equivalent 

FTP—File Transfer Protocol (TCP/IP) 

FTS—Fourier Transform Spectrometer (HIS, AERI, etc.) 

FY—Fiscal Year 

FYI—For Your Information 

GAC—Global Area Coverage 

GAIM—Global Analysis, Interpretation and Modeling (IGBP) 

GALE—Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment 

GAO—General Accounting Office (U.S.) 

GAPEX—Ground-based Atmospheric Profiling EXperiment 

GARP—Global Atmospheric Research Program 

GARS—GOES Archive and Retrieval System 

GATE—GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment 

GAW—Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO)

GB or Gb—Gigabyte 

GB-HIS—Ground-Based HIS 

GCIP—GEWEX Continental-scale International Project 

GCM—General Circulation Model 

GCOS—Global Climate Observing System 

GCRP—Global Change Research Program 

GCTE—Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (IGBP) 

GDAS—Global Data Assimilation System 

GDEM—Generalized Digital Environmental Model 

GDS—Great Dark Spot (Neptune) 

GEMPAK—GEneral Meteorological PAcKage (NASA/GSFC) 

GEODAS—GEOphysical DAta System 

GEOS—GEodetic Orbiting Satellite 

GEOS—Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite 

GEOSAT—GEOdetic SATellite 

GEWEX—Global Energy and Water cycle EXperiment (WCRP) 

GFDL—Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA) 

GGI—Global positioning system Geoscience Instrument 

GHz—GigaHertz 

GIF—Graphics Interchange Format 

GIFTS—Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer 

GIFTS-IOMI—GIFTS-Indian Ocean METOC Imager(U.S.Navy) 

GIMPAP—GOES I/M Product Assurance Plan 

GINI—GOES Ingest & NOAAport Interface 

GIS—Geographic Information System 

GISP—Greenland Ice Sheet Project (PAGES) 

GISS—Goddard Institute for Space Studies 

GLAS—Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences 

GLIS—Global Land Information System (USGS) 

GLOBE—Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment 

GLRS—Geoscience Laser Ranging System 

GMS—Geostationary Meteorological Satellite 

GMT—Greenwich Mean Time (repl. by UTC) 

GOES—Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 

GOEZS—Global Ocean Euphotic Zone Study (IGBP) 

GO3OS—Global Ozone Observing System (WMO) 

GORF—Goddard Optical Research Facility 

GOS—Geomagnetic Observing System 

GOWON—Gulf Offshore Weather Observing Network 

GPCI—General Purpose Channel Interface 

GPHIS—GeoPlatform High-resolution Interferometer Sounder 

GPS—Global Positioning System 

GRASP—GRaphic Animation System for Professionals 

GRIB—GRIdded Binary 

GSA—General Services Administration (U.S.) 

GSAS—Geostationary Satellite Archive System 

GSE—Ground Support Equipment 

GSFC—Goddard Space Flight Center 

GSOS—GPS Surface Observing System 

GTE—Global Tropospheric Experiment (NASA) 

GTM—Global Transport Model 

GTS—Global Telecommunication System (WMO) 

GUFMEX—GUlF of Mexico EXperiment 

GUI—Graphical User Interface

GVAR—GOES VARiable 

GWE—Global Weather Experiment (a.k.a. FGGE) 

H 2 O—water (vapor) 

HAASC—Hughes/Aerojet/Aerospace/Space Command 

HAWC—High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera 

HDF—Hierarchical Data Format 

HDS—High-resolution Data Stream (NWS) 

HEAB—High Energy Astrophysics Branch (NASA) 

HF—High Frequency 

HHS—Department of Health and Human Services (U.S.) 

HIMSS—HIgh-resolution Microwave Spectrometer Sounder 

HIRDLS—HIgh-Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (EOS) 

HIRES—HIgh RESolution 

HIRIS—HIgh-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (EOS) 

HIRS—High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder 

HIS—High-resolution Interferometer Sounder 

HITC—Hughes Information Technology Company 

HLA—Human Leukocyte Antigen 

HMO—Health Maintenance Organization 

HP—Hewlett-Packard 

HPC—Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (NWS Center) 

HPCC—High Performance Computing and Communications 

HPD—Hourly Precipitation Data 

HPGL—Hewlett Packard Graphics Language 

HQ—HeadQuarters 

HRIR—High Resolution Infrared Radiometer 

HRPT—High Resolution Picture Transmission 

HRS—High-Resolution data Service (NWS) 

HSP—High Speed Photometer 

HSRL—High Spectral Resolution Lidar 

HST—Hubble Space Telescope 

HTML—HyperText Markup Language 

HTTP—HyperText Transfer Protocol (World Wide Web) 

HUD—Department of Housing and Urban Development (U.S.) 

HVPS—High Voltage Power Supply 

Hz—Hertz 

IAF—International Astronautical Federation 

IAMAP—International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 

IAP—Institute for Atmospheric Physics (PRC) 

IAPP—International ATOVS Processing Package 

IASI—Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (Europe) 

IBL—Internal Boundary Layer 

IBM—International Business Machines 

ICDS—Ice Coring and Drilling Services 

ICSU—International Council of Scientific Unions 

IDD—Internet Data Distribution (Unidata) 

IDL—Interactive Data Language 

IDS—International Data Service (NWS) 

IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 

IES—Institute for Environmental Studies 

IG—Inspector General 

IGAC—International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGBP) 

IGBP—International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (ICSU) 

IGFA—International Group of Funding Agencies (IGBP)

IIPS—(International Conference on) Interactive Information and Processing Systems (for Meteorology, 

Oceanography, and Hydrology-AMS) 

IMAP—Internet Message Access Protocol 

IMAPP—International MODIS/AIRS Processing Package 

IMAX—MAXimum Image 

IMD—India Meteorology Department 

IMDC—Instructional Media Development Center (UW) 

IMG—Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse gases 

INM—Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Spain) 

INO—Institute for Naval Oceanography 

INPE—Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais 

INTERNET—INTERconnected computer NETwork 

I/O—Input/Output 

IOMI—Indian Ocean METOC Imager Navy 

IOP—Intensive Observing Period 

IP—Internet Protocol 

IPCC—Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (WMO/UNEP) 

IPEI—Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics Instrument 

IPL—Initial Program Load 

IR—InfraRed 

IRIS—Infrared Radiation Interferometer Spectrometer (1960s) 

IRS—Internal Revenue Service (U.S.) 

ISCCP—International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (WCRP) 

ISDN—Integrated Services Digital Network 

ISI—Information Services International 

ISI—Institute for Scientific Information 

ISLSCP—International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (WCRP) 

ISO—International Standards Organization 

ISP—Internet Service Provider 

ISS—International Space Station 

ISY—International Space Year (1992) 

ITCZ—InterTropical Convergence Zone 

ITOS—Improved Television and infrared Observation Satellite (1970s) 

ITPP—International TOVS Processing Package 

ITS—Interferometer Thermal Sounder (HIS) 

ITSC—International TOVS Study Conference 

ITT—International Telephone and Telegraph 

IUGG—International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 

IWG—Implementation Working Group 

IWGDMGC—Interagency Working Group on Data Management for Global Change 

JASIN—Joint Air-Sea INteraction 

JCL—Job Control Language 

JGOFS—Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (IGBP) 

JGR—Journal of Geophysical Research 

JMA—Japanese Meteorological Agency 

JOI—Joint Oceanographic Institutions 

JOSS—Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR) 

JPEG—Joint Photographic Experts Group 

JPL—Jet Propulsion Laboratory 

JSC—Johnson Space Center (NASA, Houston) 

K—Kilo, thousand 

Kb/s—kilobits per second 

km—kilometer 

KSC—Kennedy Space Center

LAC—Local Area Coverage 

LAFM—Limited-Area Fine Mesh 

Lake-ICE—Lake-Induced Convection Experiment 

LAMBADA—Large scale Atmospheric Moisture Balance of Amazonia using Data Assimilation 

(BAHC/GEWEX) 

LAMPS—Limited-Area Mesoscale Prediction System 

LAN—Local Area Network 

LAPS—Local Analysis and Prediction System 

LaRC—Langley Research Center (NASA) 

laser—Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 

LAWS—Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (EOS) 

LBA—Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere 

LDA—Local Data Acquisition 

LDM—Local Data Manager (Unidata) 

LDW—Loran DropWindsonde 

LED—Light Emitting Diode 

LES—Large Eddy Simulation 

LFM—Limited-area Fine Mesh (NMC) 

LI—Lifted Index 

LIDAR—LIght Detection And Ranging 

LIMS—Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere 

LIS—Lightning Imaging Sensor 

LMD—Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (France) 

LOC—Library of Congress 

LOICZ—Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (IGBP) 

LORAN—LOng RAnge Navigation 

LPN—Licensed Practical Nurse 

LSU—Louisiana State University 

LTE—Limited Term Employee 

m—meter(s) 

M—million (finance) 

MACC—Madison Academic Computing Center 

MAGICS—Meteorological Applications Graphics Integrated Colour System 

MAMS—Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor 

MAPS—Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (NOAA/FSL) 

MAS—MODIS Airborne Simulator 

mb—millibar(s) 

Mb or MB—Megabytes (or megabits) 

MBA—Master of Business Administration 

Mbps—Megabytes per second 

Mb/s—Megabytes per second 

MBT—Mechanical BathyThermograph 

McIDAS—Man computer Interactive Data Access System 

McIDAS-MVS—McIDAS on Multiple Virtual Storage 

McIDAS-OS2—PC-McIDAS on Operating System/2 

McIDAS-X—McIDAS running a UNIX-based operating system 

McIDAS-XCD—McIDAS running UNIX for Conventional Data 

McIDAS-XSD—McIDAS running UNIX for Satellite Data 

MCS—Mesoscale Convective System 

MD—Meteorological Data (McIDAS) 

MDR—Manually Digitized Radar 

MECCA—Model Evaluation Consortium for Climate Assessment (UCAR) 

MELV—Minimum Local Emissivity Variance 

MERLIN—Multisource EnviRonmental data dispLay for INternet archives

MET—Mission Elapsed Time (from time of launch) 

METAR—METeorological Aviation Report 

Meteosat—METEOrological SATellite (European) 

METOC—METeorology and OCeanography 

METOC—METeorological and OCeanographic 

MHz—MegaHertz 

MIDAS—Meteorological Interactive Data Access System 

MIDDS—Meteorological Interactive Data Display System 

MIEC—Meteorological Information Extraction Center 

MIMR—Multifrequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer 

MISR—Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (EOS) 

MIST—MIcroburst and Severe Thunderstorm program 

MIT—Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

MLEV—Minimum Local Emissivity Variance 

MLS—Master of Library Science 

MLS—Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS) 

Modem—MOdulator-DEModulator 

MODIS—MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (EOS) 

MODIS-N—MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Nadir (EOS) 

MONEX—MONsoon EXperiment 

MOODS—Master Ocean Observation Data Set 

MOPITT—Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere (EOS) 

MOS—Model Output Statistics 

MOU—Memorandum Of Understanding 

MPC—Marine Prediction Center (NWS Center) 

MPEG—Motion Pictures Experts Group 

MPP—Massively Parallel Processing 

MRF—Medium Range Forecast (NCEP) 

MS-DOS—MicroSoft Disk Operating System 

MSFC—Marshall Space Flight Center 

MSG—Meteosat Second Generation 

MSL—Mean Sea Level 

MSLP—MSL Pressure 

MSS—Mass Storage System 

MSS—Multi-Spectral Scanner 

MSU—Microwave Sounding Unit 

MTDC—Modified Total Direct Costs 

MUG—McIDAS Users’ Group 

MURI—Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (U.S. Navy) 

MVS—Multiple Virtual Storage 

NAAPS—Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System 

NAIF—Navigation Ancillary Information Facility (JPL) 

NAPAP—National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program 

NAS—National Academy of Sciences 

NASA—National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

NASDA—National Space Development Agency (Japan) 

NAST-I—NPOES Atmospheric Sounder Testbed-Interferometer 

NAVAID—NAVigational AID 

NCAR—National Center for Atmospheric Research 

NCDC—National Climatic Data Center 

NCDS—NASA Climate Data System 

NCEP—National Centers for Environmental Prediction (form. NMC; NWS Center) 

NCSA—National Center for Supercomputing Applications (UI-Urbana/Champaign) 

NCUA—National Credit Union Administration

NDBC—National Data Buoy Center 

NDBO—Non-Directional Beacon Observation 

NDVI—Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 

NEA—National Endowment for the Arts 

NEDRES—National Environmental Data Referral Service 

NEDT—Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature 

NEH—National Endowment for the Humanities 

NEPRF—Naval Environmental Prediction Research Facility 

NESDIS—National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NOAA) 

netCDF—Network Common Data Form (UNIDATA) 

NETWX—NETwork Weather 

NEXRAD—NEXt generation RADar 

NFRE—Net Flux Radiometer Experiment 

NFS—Network File System 

NGDC—National Geophysical Data Center 

NGM—Nested Grid Model (NCEP) 

NGS—National Geodetic Survey 

NHC—National Hurricane Center (1996 colocated with TPC; NWS Center) 

NIC—National Ice Center 

NIC—Network Interface Card 

NIDS—NEXRAD Information Dissemination Service 

NIDS—NEXRAD Information Display System 

NIH—National Institute of Health 

NII—National Information Infrastructure 

NIMH—National Institute of Mental Health 

NIMS—Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (Galileo) 

NIST—National Institute for Standards and Technology 

NLDN—National Lightning Detection Network 

NLS—Network Library System 

nm—usually, nautical miles (unless specified as nanometers) 

NMC—National Meteorological Center (old. NCEP, 1996; NWS Center) 

NML—National Media Lab 

NOAA—National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

NOAAport—satellite broadcast service that provides access to NOAA data and products 

NOAASIS—NOAA Satellite Information System 

NOAO—National Optical Astronomy Observatories 

NOARL—Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory 

NODC—National Oceanic Data Center 

NOGAPS—Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System 

NOMHICE—Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Intercomparison Experiment (IGAC) 

NOO—Naval Oceanographic Office 

NORDA—Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity 

NORPEX—North Pacific Experiment 

NOS—Network Operating System 

NPOESS—National Polar Orbiter Environmental Satellite System 

NPR—National Public Radio 

NPS—Numerical Products Service 

NRAO—National Radio Astronomy Observatory 

NRC—National Research Council 

NRL—Naval Research Laboratory 

N-ROSS—Navy-Remote Ocean Sensing System 

NSA—National Security Agency 

NSCAT—NASA wind SCATterometer 

NSF—National Science Foundation

NSFnet—NSF network 

NSIDC—National Snow and Ice Data Center 

NSSDC—National Space Science Data Center 

NSSFC—National Severe Storms Forecast Center (old. 1996 AWC) 

NSSL—National Severe Storms Laboratory (NWS Center) 

NTIS—National Technical Information Service (DOC) 

NTSB—National Transportation Safety Board 

NTSC—National Television Standards Committee 

NWP—Numerical Weather Prediction 

NWS—National Weather Service (NOAA) 

NWSFO—NWS Forecast Office 

OAO—Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 

OACT—Office of Advanced Concepts and Technology (NASA/HEAB) 

OAR—Office of Atmospheric Research (NOAA) 

OCEANIC—OCEAn Network Information Center 

OCLC—On-line Computer Library Center 

ODT—Objective Dvorak Technique 

OGP—Office of Global Programs 

OIES—Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies (UCAR) 

OIT—Office of Information Technology 

OLS—Optical Line Scanner 

OM—Operational Measurement 

OMB—Office of Management and Budget 

ONR—Office of Naval Research 

OPSAT—OPerational SATellite 

ORA—Office of Research & Applications 

ORNL—Oak Ridge National Lab 

OS/2—Operating System, Version 2 

OSO—Orbiting Solar Observatory 

OSS—Office of Space Science (NASA) 

OSSE—Office of Space Science Education (SSEC) 

OSTP—Office of Science and Technology Policy (U.S.) 

OSU—Oklahoma State University 

OWL—On-line Weather Looper 

PAAP—Planetary Astronomy & Atmospheres Programs 

PAC—Processor Augmentation Card 

PAGES—Past Global ChanGES 

Pas—Pascal 

PATHFINDER—Probing ATmospHeric/AsTropHysical Flows in an INtegrated and Distributed 

EnviRonment 

PBS—Public Broadcasting Service 

PbSt—Lead Stearate 

PC-McIDAS—Personal Computer-based McIDAS 

PDRC—Professional Development and Recognition Committee (UW-Madison) 

PDUS—Primary Data Utilization Site 

PE—Processor Element 

PEOPLE—Pre-college Enrichment Opportunity Program for Learning Excellence (UW-Madison) 

Perl—Practical extraction and report language 

PGU—Plant Growth Unit 

Ph.D.—Doctor of Philosophy 

PHIGS—Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System 

PHOXA—PHotochemical OXidant and Acid deposition (Europe) 

PI—Principal Investigator 

PIFTS—Planetary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer

PLDS—Pilot Land Data System 

PM—Program Manager 

PMT—PhotoMultiplier Tube 

POCC—Payload Operations Control Center (NASA) 

POES—Polar Operational Environmental Satellite 

POP—Post Office Protocol 

PORSEC—Pacific Ocean Remote Sensing Conference 

POSIX—Portable Operating System Interface-UNIX 

PPI scan—Plan Position Indicator (lidar) 

ppm—part per million 

PPP—Point to Point Protocol 

PPS—Public Products Service (NWS) 

P.R.—Public Relations 

PRC—People’s Republic of China 

PRC, Inc.—Planning Research Corporation 

PROFS—Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services (NOAA/ERL/FSL) 

PROM—Programmable Read-Only Memory 

PS/2—Personal System/2 

PSL—Physical Sciences Lab 

PV—PhotoVoltaic 

PWV—Precipitable Water Vapor 

QC—Quality Control 

RADM—Regional Acid Deposition Model 

RAID—Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks 

RAM—Random Access Memory 

RAMS—Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CSU) 

RAOB—RAdiosonde OBservation 

RASS—Radar Altimeter Speedometer Sounder 

RASS—Radio Acoustic Sounding System 

RESAC—Regional Earth Science Applications Center (NASA) 

RF—Radio Frequency 

RFI—Radio Frequency Interference 

RFP—Request for Proposals 

RGB—Red/Green/Blue 

RGL—ReGionaL forecast Model 

RHI scan—Range-Height Indicator (lidar) 

RISC—Reduced Instruction Set Computer 

RME—Relay Mirror Experiment 

rms or RMS—root mean square 

RMSD—Root Mean Square Difference 

RMSE—Root Mean Square Error 

ROM—Read-Only Memory 

SAA—South Atlantic Anomaly 

SAB—Satellite Applications Branch (old. NESDIS) 

SAC—Scientific Advisory Council (of IGBP) 

SAFARI—Southern African Regional Science Initiative 

SAFIRE—Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere using Far InfraRed Emission 

SAG—Systems Administration Group 

SAGE—center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (UW-Madison IES) 

SAGE—Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (EOS) 

SAIC—Science Applications International Corporation 

SAIDAS—Sistema de Adquisicion e Integracion de DAtos de Satelite (Satellite data integration and acquisition system, 

Spain) 

SAL—Space Astronomy Laboratory

SAM—Signal Analyzing Monitor 

SAO—Surface Aviation Observation 

SAR—Synthetic Aperture Radar 

SAs—Stratospheric Aerosols 

SATEM—SAtellite TEMperature 

SATOB—SATellite OBservation 

SBN—Satellite Broadcast Network (NOAA) 

SBRC—Santa Barbara Research Center 

SBUV—Solar Backscatter UltraViolet radiometer (EOS) 

SCAR—Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research (ICSU) 

SCOPE—Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (ICSU) 

SCOR—Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (ICSU) 

SCUBA—Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus 

SDA—SSEC Display Adapter 

SDAB—Systems Design and Applications Branch (old. NESDIS) 

SDHS—Satellite Data Handling System 

SDI—SSEC Desktop Ingestor 

SDM—Scientific Data Management (UNIDATA) 

SDS—Satellite Data Services 

SDSD—Satellite Data Services Division 

SEASAT—SEA SATellite 

SEC—Space Environment Center (NWS Center) 

SECC—State Employees’ Combined Campaign 

SERON—South-Eastern Regional Oxidant Network (DOE, HIS) 

SEVIRI—Spinning Environmental Visible and InfraRed Instrument (Europe) 

SFY—State Fiscal Year 

SGI—Silicon Graphics Incorporated 

SGML—Standard Generalized Markup Language 

SHARP—Summer High School Apprenticeship Research Program (NASA) 

SHEAL—Shuttle High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory (NASA, old) 

SHEBA—Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean 

S-HIS—Scanning High resolution Interferometer Sounder 

SI—International Standard 

SIGGRAPH—Special Interest Group on computer GRAPHics 

SIRS—Satellite Infrared Radiation Spectrometer (1960s) 

SLIP—Serial Line Internet Protocol 

SLP—Sea-Level Pressure 

SMA—State Meteorological Agency (PRC) 

SMEX—SMall EXplorer 

SMMR—Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer 

SMOKE—Satellite Monitoring of Oil Fires in Kuwait Expedition (Limaye) 

SMoKE—Satellite Measurements of Kuwait’s Effluent (Limaye) 

SMS—Synchronous Meteorological Satellite 

SMTP—Simple Mail Transport Protocol (Internet) 

SN—Serial Number 

SNR—Signal to Noise Ratio 

SNR—Super Nova Remnant 

SO 2 —sulfur dioxide 

SOCC—Satellite Operations Control Center 

SOHFI—Skin-layer Ocean Heat Flux Instrument 

SOLSTICE—SOLar/STellar Irradiance interComparison Experiment 

SONIC—SPAN: Ocean Network Information Center 

SOP—Special Observing Period 

SOTER—SOil TERrain project

SPACE—Satellite Precipitation And Cloud Experiment 

SPACE—Standards Performance Achievement & Curriculum Enhancement-WISE 

SPAN—Space Physics Analysis Network (NASA) 

SPANDAR—SPace ANd range RaDAR 

SPC—Storm Prediction Center (NSSL; NWS Center) 

SPECTRE—SPECTral Radiance Experiment (DOE) 

SPECTRUM—SPecial Experiment Concerning Typhoon Recurvature and Unusual Movement 

SPF—South Polar Feature (Neptune) 

SPIE—Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers 

SPIU—Sensor Processor Interface Unit 

SPOC—Shuttle Payload of Opportunity Carrier 

SPOT—Systeme Probatoire d’Observation de la Terre satellite 

SRI—Stanford Research Institute 

SSA—Social Security Administration 

SSC—Suspended Sediment Concentration 

SSDC—Space Science Data Center 

SSEC—Space Science and Engineering Center 

SSF—Specialized Service Facility (UW) 

SSI—Space Studies Institute 

SS/L—Space Systems/Loral, Inc. (formerly Ford Aerospace Corporation) 

SSM/I—Special Sensor Microwave/Imager 

SSM/T—Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature 

SST—Sea Surface Temperature 

SSU—Stratospheric Sounding Unit (TOVS) 

ST—Space Telescope 

START—SysTem for Analysis, Research and Training (IGBP) 

STD—Salinity-Temperature-Depth 

STEP—Satellite Technology Education Program (WSGC) 

STIB—Stratosphere-Troposphere Interactions and the Biosphere 

STIKSCAT—STIcK SCATterometer 

STORM—Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology 

STORM-FEST—STORM-Fronts Experiment Systems Test 

STS—Space Transportation System 

STScI—Space Telescope Science Institute 

STUC—Space Telescope User’s Committee 

SUCCESS—SUbsonic aircraft: Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study (NASA/Ames) 

SUNY—State University of New York 

SURE— Summer Undergraduate Research Experience 

SVAT—Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer 

SW—Short Wave 

SWAMP—Science Working Group for the AM Platform (EOS) 

SWIRLS—Stratospheric Wind InfraRed Limb Sounder 

SYNOP—SYNoptic OPeration 

Synop—synoptic (surface) observation 

SYSOP—SYStem OPerator 

TASC—The Analytic Sciences Corporation 

Tb—Terabytes 

TBD—To Be Determined 

TC—Technical Computing 

TCIPO—TOGA COARE International Project Office 

TCM—Tropical Cyclone Motion 

TCP—Transmission Control Protocol 

TCP/IP—Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 

TDRSS—Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System

TES—Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (EOS) 

TESAC—TEmperature-SAlinity-Currents 

TIP—TIROS Information Processor (POES) 

TIROS—Television InfraRed Observation Satellite 

TLA—Three-Letter Acronym 

TMR—TOPEX Microwave Radiometer (EOS) 

TN—Technical Note 

TOGA—Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (WCRP) 

TOMS—Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer 

TOPEX—TOPographic EXperiment 

TOS—TIROS Operational Satellite 

TOVS—TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder 

TPC—Tropical Prediction Center (incl. NHC; NWS Center) 

TPW—Total Precipitable Water 

TRAGEX—TRAce Gas EXchange: Mid-latitude terrestrial ecosystems & atmosphere (IGAC) 

TRMM—Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 

TSR—Terminate and Stay Resident program 

TSR—Thermal and Solar Radiometer 

TWERLE—Tropical Wind, Energy conversion and Reference Level Experiment 

UA—Upper Air observation 

UARS—Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite 

UART—Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 

UAV—Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle 

UCAR—University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 

udres—Unidata resource library (not cap.) 

UFO—Unidentified Flying Object 

UHF—Ultra High Frequency 

UI—University of Illinois 

UIR—University/Industry Research (UW-Madison)) 

UIUC—University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 

UK—United Kingdom 

ULTRIX—Berkeley UNIX 4.2 (DEC) 

UN—United Nations 

UNAVCO—University NAVstar COnsortium 

UNCED—UN Conference on Environment and Development 

UNEP—United Nations Environment Program 

UNESCO—United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 

UnESS—University-class Earth System Science (NASA) 

UNIX—not an acronym, a play on MULTIX (TM, AT&T) 

UPC—Unidata Program Center 

UPI—United Press International 

UPS—Uninterruptible Power Supply 

URL—Universal Resource Locator (Internet) 

USAF—United States Air Force 

USAKA—United States Army Kwajalein Atoll 

USDA—U.S. Department of Agriculture 

USGS—U.S. Geological Survey 

USPS—U.S. Postal Service 

USRA—Universities Space Research Association 

USSR—Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (up to September 1991) 

USSR—Union of Sovereign Socialist Republics (after September 1991) 

UTC—Universal Coordinated Time (replaces GMT) 

UTH—Upper Tropospheric relative Humidity 

UV—UltraViolet

V—Volts 

VAB—Vehicle Assembly Building (KSC) 

VAC—Volts Alternating Current 

VAFB—Vandenberg Air Force Base 

VAS—VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (launch, 9-9-80) 

VAX—Virtual Address eXtension 

VCP—Venus Composition Probe 

VCR—Video Cassette Recorder 

VDT—Video Display Terminal 

VDUC—VAS Data Utilization Center 

VEEGA—Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist (Galileo) 

VGA—Video Graphics Array (IBM) 

VHF—Very High Frequency 

VIL—Volume Imaging Lidar 

VIPS—VDUC Interactive Processing System 

Vis5D—Visualization of Five-Dimensional data 

VisAD—Visualization for Algorithm Development 

VISIT—Virtual Institute for Satellite Integration Training (NWS) 

VISSR—Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer 

VLBI—Very Long Baseline Interferometry 

VLF—Very Low Frequency 

VM—Virtual Machine 

VMS—Virtual Memory Systems 

VOC—Volatile Organic Compound 

VOCAR—Variation of Coastal Atmospheric Refractivity (Navy) 

VORTEX—Verification Of Tornadoes EXperiment 

VRML—Virtual Reality Modeling Language 

VROOM—Virtual Reality ROOM (SIGGRAPH) 

VTPR—Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (ITOS) 

VTR—VideoTape Recorder 

WARF—Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation 

WCP—World Climate Programme 

WCRP—World Climate Research Program (WMO/ICSU) 

WCSAR—Wisconsin Center for Space Automation & Robotics (UW-MSN, Coll.Eng.) 

WF-ABBA—WildFire ABBA 

WFF—Wallops Flight Facility (NASA) 

WFO—Weather Forecast Office (NWS) 

WFPC—Wide Field and Planetary Camera (HST) 

WG—Working Group 

WHOI—Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 

WIMO—WMO International Meteorological Organization 

WINCE—WINter Cloud Experiment 

Windii—Wind Doppler Imaging Interferometer (UARS) 

WISC-T2000—Wisconsin Snow Ice-Terra 2000 

WISE—Wisconsin Initiative for Space Education WISP—Wide-field Imaging Survey Polarimeter (SAL) 

WISP—Winter Icing and Storms Project 

WIYN—Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO consortium 

w/m2—watt per meter squared 

WME—Wisconsin Model Engine 

WMO—World Meteorological Organization (UN) 

WOCE—World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WCRP) 

WPOP—Winds Product Oversight Panel (NESDIS) 

WPR—Wisconsin Public Radio 

WPS—Wisconsin Physicians Service

WRF—Weather Research Forecast model 

WSGC—Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium 

WSI—Weather Services International 

WSMC—Western Space and Missile Center 

WUPPE—Wisconsin Ultraviolet PhotoPolarimeter Experiment 

WVIOP—Water Vapor Intensive Observing Period 

WWII—World War II 

WWW—WIDE WORD Workstation (TM, DataRam) 

WWW—World Weather Watch 

WWW—World Wide Web 

WXP—Weather Processor (Unidata/Purdue University) 

XBSS—X-ray Background Survey Spectrometer 

XBT—eXpendable BathyThermograph 

XGKS—X-window Graphics Kernel System (Unidata) 

XIE—X-ray Imaging Experiment 

XRAP—X-windows Radar Analysis Processing 

X-Term—X-windows Terminal 

Ynot—software from MacDonald Dettwiler (Unidata) 

Y2K—Year 2000

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

ANSI ASC X12N - Acronym Dictionary 

A AAMVA 

American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrator 

AAPRO 

American Association Of Preferred Provider Organizations 

ABI 

Automated Broker Interface 

ACER 

Annual Contractor Evaluation Report 

ACH 

Automated Clearing House 

ACORD 

Agency-Company Organization for Research and Development 

ACPE 

American Council on Pharmaceutical Education 

ACPS 

Advanced Claims Processing System 

ACR 

American College of Radiology 

ACR/NEMA 

ACR/National Electrical Manufacturers Association 

ACS 

American College of Surgeons 

ADA 

American Dental Association 

ADMD 

Administration Management Domain 

ADP 

Automated Data Processing 

ADR 

Alternate Dispute Resolution 

AEVCS 

Automated Eligibility Verification Claims Submission 

AFEHCT 

Association for Electronic Health Care Transactions 

AFT 

Automated Funds Transfer 

AGPA 

American Group Practice Association 

AGPAM 

American Guild of Patient Account Managers 

AHA 

American Hospital Association 

AHCPR 

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research 

AHIMA 

American Health Information Management Association 

AHP 

Accountable Health Plan

AIAG 

Automobile Industry Action Group 

AIPSO 

Auto Insurance Plans Service Office 

AISO 

Auto Insurance Services Group 

AMA 

American Medical Association 

AMCR 

Association for Managed Care Review 

AMCRA 

American Managed Care and Review Association 

AMP 

Automated Medical Payment 

AMRA 

American Medical Records Association 

ANA 

Article Numbering Association 

ANSI 

American National Standards Institute 

AOA 

American Osteopathic Association 

APG 

Ambulatory Patient Groups 

API 

Applications Program Interface 

ARPA 

Advanced Research Projects Agency 

ARU 

Audio Response Unit 

ASAP 

American Society for Automation in Pharmacy also, Analytic 

Systems Automated Purchasing 

ASC 

Accredited Standards Committees also, Ambulatory Surgical 

Center 

ASCII 

American Standard Code for Information Interchange 

ASHMM 

American Society for Hospital Materials Managers 

ASN 

Advanced Shipment Notice 

ASTM 

American Society of Testing Materials 

ATA 

Airline Transportation Association 

ATG 

Alignment Task Group 

ATM 

Asynchronous Transfer Mode also, Automated Teller Machine 

B

BCBSA 

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association 

BPS 

Bits Per Second 

BRMA 

Brokers and Reinsurance Markets Association 

BSC 

Binary Synchronous Communications 

BSR 

Board of Standards Review also, Basic Semantic Repository 

C 

CALS 

Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics System 

CAPA 

Certified Aftermarket Parts Association 

CAT 

Catastrophic Claims 

CBCP 

Common Business Communications Protocol 

IQCD 

Cash Concentration and Disbursement 

CCITT 

Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and 

Telephone 

CES 

Clearinghouse Enforceability Services 

CFR 

Code of Federal Regulations 

CHANDUS 

Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services 

CHAPS 

Clearing House Automated Payments System 

CHIPS 

Clearing House Interbank Payments System 

CHMIS 

Community Health Management Information Systems 

CHIN 

Community Health Information Network 

CHIPAS 

Community Health Purchasing Alliance 

CHN 

Cooperative Healthcare Networks 

CIAO 

Construction Industry Action Group 

CIDX 

Chemical Industry Data Exchange 

CIECA 

Collision Industry Electronic Commerce Association 

CII

Center for Informatization of Industry 

CISG 

Convention on the International Sale of Goods 

CIU 

Claims Investigative Unit 

CLASS 

Claims Acquisition and Submission System 

CLIA 

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment 

CMA 

Cash Management Association 

CMP 

Comprehensive Medical Plans 

COB 

Coordination of Benefits 

COS 

Corporation for Open Systems 

CPA 

Canadian Payments Association also Canadian Petroleum Association 

CPR 

Computer-based Patient Record also, Comparative Performance 

Reports 

CPRI 

Computer-based Patient Records Institute, Inc. 

CPS 

Characters Per Second 

CPT 

Current Procedural Terminology 

CQAS 

Carrier Quality Assurance System 

CR 

Change Request 

CRS 

Commercially Reasonable Security 

CSA 

Canadian Standards Association 

CSI 

Customer Satisfaction Index 

CTP 

Corporate Trade Payment 

CTX 

Corporate Trade Exchange 

CUIG 

Credit Union Interchange Group 

CV 

Code Value 

CWF 

Common Working File 

DCN 

Document Control Number 

DDT 

Data Device Integration 

DE 

Data Element

DEA 

Drug Enforcement Agency 

DES 

Data Encryption standard 

DEX/UCS 

Direct Exchange UCS 

DFI 

Depository Financial Institution 

DISA 

Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc. 

DISH 

Data Interchange for Shipping 

DLTG 

Delegate Liaison Task Group 

DM 

Data Maintenance 

DIWERC 

Durable Medical Equipment Regional Carriers 

DMTF 

Desktop Management Task Force 

DMV 

Department of Motor Vehicles 

DOB 

Date of Birth 

DOD 

Department of Defense 

DOE 

Direct Order Entry 

DRP 

Distribution Requirements Planning also, Direct Repair Program 

DSD 

Direct Store Delivery 

DSTU 

Draft Standard for Trial Use 

DTTU 

Draft Transaction for Trial Use 

DUR 

Drug Use/Utilization Reviews 

DVR 

Data Validation Reviews 

E 

EACH 

Essential Access Community Hospital 

EBCDIC 

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 

EC 

Electronic Commerce also, European Community 

ECE 

Economic Commission of Europe

ECF 

Extended Care Facility 

ECR 

Efficient Consumer Response 

EDCD 

UN/EDIFACT Composite Data Elements Directory 

EDCL 

UN/EDIFACT Code Lists 

EDED 

UN/EDIFACT Data Elements Directory 

EDI 

Electronic Data Interchange 

EDIA 

Electronic Data Interchange Association 

EDICA 

Electronic Data Interchange Council of Australia 

EDEPACT 

Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transportation 

EDIFICE 

Electronic Data Interchange Forum for Companies Interested in Computing and Electronics 

EDIM 

Electronic Data Interchange Message 

EDIX 

Electronics Industry Data Exchange 

EDM 

Electronic Document Management 

EDMD 

UN/EDIFACT Standard Message Types Directory 

EDSD 

UN/EDIFACT Standard Data Segments Directory 

EDPAF 

Electronic Data Processing Auditors Foundation 

EDS 

Electronic Data Systems 

EDX 

Electronic Data Exchange 

EEC 

European Economic Community 

EFT 

Electronic Funds Transfer 

EHNAC 

Electronic Healthcare Network Accreditation Commission 

EIAJ 

Electronic Industry Association of Japan 

EIDX 

Electronic Industry Data Exchange 

EIN 

Employer Identification Number 

EIS 

Executive Information System 

EMail 

Electronic Mail 

EMC 

Electronic Media Claims

EOB 

Explanation of Benefits 

EOQ 

Economic Order Quantity 

EPA 

Environmental Protection Agency 

EPP 

EDEFACT Project Proposal 

EPSDT 

Early Periodic Screening Diagnostic Testing 

ERA 

Electronic Remittance Advise 

ERISA 

Employee Retirement Security Income Act 

ERM 

Electronic Record Management 

ERS 

Evaluated Receipts Settlement 

ESDE 

Environmental Safety Data Exchange 

ESG 

EDIFACT Steering Group 

ESRD 

End Stage Renal Dialysis 

F 

FA 

Functional Acknowledgment 

FACP 

Final Administrative Cost Proposal 

FAHS 

Federation of American Health System 

FARs 

Federal Acquisition Regulations 

FASB 

Financial Accounting Standards Board 

FCPA 

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 

FDDI 

Fiber Distribution Data Interface 

FDO 

Free Determining Official 

FPS 

Federal Information Processing Standard 

FMC 

Federal Maritime Commission 

FN 

Forward Notification 

FOIA 

Freedom of Information Act

FQHC 

Federally Qualified Health Center 

FTAM 

File Transfer, Access and Management 

FTP 

File Transfer Protocol 

FTS 

Federal Telecommunications System 

G 

GAAP 

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 

GAAS 

Generally Accepted Auditing Standards 

GAO 

General Accounting Office 

GHAA 

Group Health Association of America 

GOSIP 

Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile 

GSA 

General Services Administration 

GUS 

Geographic Underwriting System 

H 

HCAD 

Health Care Administrators 

HCFA 

Health Care Financing Administration 

HCIN 

Healthcare Information Network 

HCPCS 

HCFA Common Procedure Coding System 

HCPR 

Health Care Provider Records 

HCRIS 

Hospital Cost Report Information System 

HCUP-3 

Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, 1988 - 1994 

HDC 

HCFA Data Center 

HEDIC 

Health Electronic Data Interchange Corporation 

HEDIS 

Health Plan and Employer Data and Information Set 

HEDITP 

Healthcare Electronic Data Interchange Trading Partner

HFMA 

Healthcare Financial Management Association 

HHS 

Department of Health and Human Services 

HIAA 

Health Insurance Association of America 

HIBCC 

Health Industry Business Communications Council 

HIDA 

Health Industry Distributors Association 

HIE 

Health Insurance Enrollment 

HIMA 

Health Industry Manufacturers Association 

HIMR 

Health Insurance Master Record 

HIMSS 

Health Information and Management Systems Society 

HIN 

Health Industry Number 

HIPC 

Health Insurance Purchasing Cooperative 

HIS 

Hospital Information System 

HISPP 

Health Informatics System Planning Panel 

HL7 

Health Level 7 

HMO 

Health Maintenance Organization 

HPSA 

Healthcare Professional Shortage Area 

I 

IA 

Interchange Agreement 

IAG 

Industry Action Group 

IAIABC 

International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and 

Commissions 

IATA 

International Airline Transport Association 

ICC 

international Chamber of Commerce 

ICD-9 

International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision 

ICED 

Index of Co-Existent Disease 

ICF

Intermediate Care Facility 

ICN 

Internal Control Number 

ICOPS 

Industry Committee for Office Products Standard 

IDEA 

International Data Exchange Association 

IDMA 

Insurance Data Management Association 

IEC 

International Electrotechnical Committee 

IEDI 

International Electronic Data Interchange 

IEEE 

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 

IES 

Inter-Enterprise System Clearing House 

IETF 

Internet Engineering Task Force 

IFTM 

International Forwarding and Transport Framework 

IGP 

Individual Group Practice 

IHCEBI 

Interactive Health Care Eligibility Benefits Inquiry 

IHCEBR 

Interactive Health Care Eligibility Benefits Response 

III 

Insurance Information Institute 

IMG 

International Medical Graduates 

INS 

International Network Services 

IP 

Internet Protocol 

IPMS 

Interpersonal Messaging Services 

IPT 

International Project Team 

IRC 

International Record Carrier 

ISDN 

Integrated Services Digital Network 

ISO 

International Standards Organization 

ISSB 

Information Systems Standards Board 

ISV 

Independent Software Vendors 

ITS 

Inter-Plan Teleprocessing System 

IV 

Initialization Vector 

IVANS

Insurance Value Added Network Service 

IXRDA 

Independent X-Ray Dealers Association 

J 

JAD 

Joint Application Development 

JCAHO 

Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Organizations 

JEDI 

Joint Electronic Data Interchange 

JIT 

Just In Time 

JRT 

Joint Rapporteur Team 

JTC I 

Joint Technical Committee I 

JTCIEDI 

Joint Technical Committee for EDI 

K 

L 

LAN 

Local Area Network 

LATA 

Local Area and Transport Area 

LIMNET 

London Insurance Market Network 

LIMRA 

Life Insurance Marketing and Research Association 

LOI 

Letter of Intent 

LRC 

Longitudinal Redundancy Check 

M 

MAAC

Maximum Allowable Actual Charge 

MAC 

Message Authentication Code also, Maximum Allowable Cost 

MAF 

Medical Assisted Facility 

MBA 

Mortgage Bankers Association 

MCO 

Managed Care Organization 

MDD 

Maximum Daily Dose 

MDG 

Message Design Guidelines Group 

MDN 

Managed Data Networks 

MEWA 

Multiple Employer Welfare Arrangements 

MGMA 

Medical Group Management Association 

MHS 

Message Handling System 

MMIS 

Materials Management Information System 

MNP 

Microcom Network Protocol 

MOMA 

Message-Oriented Middleware Association 

MOU 

Memo of Understanding 

MPI 

Medicare Provider Identifier 

MPIES 

Medicare Physician Identification and Eligibility System 

MS 

Message Stores 

MSDS 

Materials Safety Data Sheets also, Message Standards 

Development Subcommittee 

MTA 

Message Transfer Agent 

MTS 

Medicare Transaction System 

N 

NABP 

National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 

NACHA 

National Automated Clearing House Association 

NACM 

National Association of Credit Managers

NAEB 

North American EDIFACT Board 

NAGS 

National Auto Glass Specifications, Inc, 

NAHDO 

National Association of Health Data Organizations 

NAIC 

National Association of Insurance Commissioners 

NAII 

National Association of Independent insurers 

NAK 

Negative Acknowledgement 

NAMES 

National Association of Medical Equipment Suppliers 

NAAGC 

National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies 

NARA 

National Archives and Records Administration 

NATB 

National Auto Theft, Bureau (now called NICB) 

NBS 

National Bureau of Standards 

NCCI 

National Council of Compensation Insurance 

NCHS 

National Center for Health Statistics 

NCOIL 

National Conference of Insurance Log4lators 

NCP 

Network Control Program 

NCPDP 

National Council for Prescription Drug Programs 

NCQA 

National Committee for Quality Assurance 

NCSL 

National Computer Standards Laboratory 

NCVHS 

National Committee for Vital & Health Statistics 

NDM 

Network Data Mover 

NEIC 

National Electronic Information Corporation 

NEX/UCS 

Network Exchange UCS 

NHCAA 

National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association 

NICB 

National Insurance Crime Bureau 

NIST 

National Institute for Standards of Technology 

OCTOBER 1997 29 

NMR 

New Message Request 

NMVTIS

National Motor Vehicle Title Information System 

NN 

Negative Notification 

NOPA 

National Office Products Association 

NPF 

National Provider File 

NPI 

National Provider Identifier 

NSA 

National Security Agency 

NSC 

National Supplier Clearinghouse 

NSF 

National Standard Format 

NTFHR 

National Task Force on Healthcare Reform 

NUBC 

National Uniform Billing Committee 

NWC 

National Workers Compensation Reinsurance Pool 

NWDA 

National Wholesale Druggists Association 

O 

O&P 

Organization and Procedures 

OBRA 

Omnibus Budger Reconciliation Act 

OCE 

Open Collaborative Environment 

OCHAMPUS 

Office of Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed 

Services 

OCR 

Optical Character Recognition 

ODETTE 

Organization for Data Exchange Through Teletransmission 

OFTP 

ODETTE File Transfer Protocol 

OIG 

Office of Inspector General 

OLTP 

On-Line Transaction Processing 

OM 

Outcome Measurement 

OMB 

Office of Management and Budget 

OMC 

Office of Managed Care

OMG 

Object Management Group 

OPM 

Organization and Procedure Manual 

OPOP 

Office of Provider Operations and Procedures 

OSCAR 

Online Survey and Certification and Reporting System 

OSI 

Open Systems Interconnection 

OTP 

Originating Trading Partner 

P&C 

Property and Casualty 

PAD 

Packet Assembler/Dissembler 

PAEB 

Pan American EDIFACT Board 

PBM 

Pharmacy Benefit Managers 

PCS 

Property Claims Services 

PDAU 

Physical Delivery Access Unit 

PEB 

Provider Electronic Billing 

Pedi 

Protocol for EDI 

PIDX 

Petroleum Industry Data Exchange 

PIN 

Personal Identification Number 

PIP 

Personal Injury Protection also, Periodic Interim Payment 

PMA 

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association 

PMS 

Practice Management System 

PN 

Positive Notification 

POS 

Point of Sale also, Point of Service 

PP 

Project Proposal 

PPO 

Preferred Provider Organization 

PPSN 

Public Packet Switched Network 

PRB 

Procedures Review Board 

PS&R 

Provider Statistics and Reporting System 

PSTN 

Public Switched Telephone Network

PTT 

Post Telephone Telegraph Administration 

Q 

QAP 

Quality Assurance Program 

QR 

Quick Response 

R 

RA 

Remittance Advice 

RAA 

Reinsurance Association of America 

RBRVS 

Resource Based Relative Value Scale 

RDES 

Regional Data Exchange System 

RHHI 

Regional Home Health Intermediary 

RIMS 

Reconsideration Information System 

RINET 

Reinsurance and Insurance Network 

ROM 

Regional Office Manual also, Read-Only Memory 

RPCH 

Rural Primary Care Hospital 

RRC 

Rural Referral Center 

RT 

Rapporteur's Advisory and Support Team 

RTP 

Receiving Trading Partner 

RUG 

Resource Utilization Group 

S 

SCC-JTC/EDI 

Standards Council of Canada Joint Technical Committee on EDI 

SCM 

Shipping Container Marking

SDG 

Syntax Development Group 

SDLC 

Synchronous Data Link Communication 

SDO 

Standards Developing Organization 

SDS 

Switched Digital Service. 

SITA 

Systeme Internationale Transport Aeronautique 

SIU 

Special Investigative Unit 

SLA 

Service Level Agreement 

SMA 

State Medicaid Agencies 

SMDS 

Switched Multimegabit Data Services 

SNA 

System Network Architecture 

SNI 

SNA Network Interconnect 

SNADS 

System Network Architecture Distribution Service 

SNW 

Simple Network Management Protocol 

SONET 

Synchronous Optical Network 

SPBA 

Society of Professional Benefit Administrators 

SPIN 

Standard Prescriber Identification Number 

SPTG 

Special Task Group 

SPWG 

Special Work Group 

SSN 

Social Security Number 

SWIFT 

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications 

T 

T3POS 

Transaction Processing Protocol for Point of Sale 

TA 

Technical Assessment 

TAG 

Technical Advisory Group also, Technical Assessment Groups 

TCIF 

Telecommunication Industry Forum

TCP/IP 

Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol 

TCP/IP FTP 

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - File Transfer 

Protocol 

TCS 

Trusted Computer System 

TDCC 

Transportation Data Coordinating Committee 

TDF 

Transborder Data Flow 

TDI 

Trade Data Interchange Also, Trading Data Interchange 

TDI-AP 

Trade Data Interchange - Applications Protocol 

TEDIS 

Trade Electronic Data Interchange Systems 

TG 

Task Group 

TICD UN/ 

Draft Interactive Composite Data Elements Directory for 

UN/EDIFACT 

TIMD UN/ 

Draft Interactive Messages Directory for UN/EDIFACT 

TIN 

Tax Identification Number 

TP 

Trading Partner 

TPA 

Third Party Administrators also, Trading Partner Agreement 

TPSP 

Third Party Service Provider 

TR 

Technical Report 

TRACS 

Trauma Registry of the American College of Surgeons 

TDED 

UN/EDIFACT Trade Data Element Directory 

TS 

Transaction Set 

TSTS 

Transaction Switching and Transport Service 

U 

UA 

User Agent 

UCC 

Uniform Code Council 

UCFTF 

Uniform Claim Form Task Force

UCR 

Usual, Customary, and Reasonable 

UCS 

Uniform Communications Standard 

UN/ECE 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 

UN/EDIFACT 

United Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, 

Commerce, and Trade 

UN/GTDI 

UN/EDIFACT Guidelines for Trade Data Interchange 

UN/ISO 

United Nations International Standards Organization 

UNCID 

Uniform Rules of Conduct for Interchange of Trade Data by Teletransmission 

UNID 

Unique National Identifier 

UNJEDI 

United Nations Joint Electronic Data Interchange 

UNSIM 

UNEFACT Standard Interactive Message 

UNSM 

United Nations Standard Message 

UNTDED 

United Nations Trade Data Elements Directory 

UNTDID 

United Nations Trade Data Interchange Directory 

UPC 

Uniform Product Code 

UPIN 

Unique Physician Identification Number 

UPC 


UPS 

Uninterruptable Power Supply 

URAC 

Utilization Review Accreditation Commission 

URO 

Utilization Review Organization 

USNC 

United States National Committee 

V 

VAB 

Value Added Bank 

VAD 

Value Added Distributor 

VAN 

Value Added Network 

VAR

Value Added Reseller 

VICS 

Voluntary Industry Communications Standard 

VIVM 

Vendor Independent Messaging Interface 

W 

WWW 

World Wide Web 

WEDI 

Work Group for Electronic Data Interchange 

WG 

Work Group 

WNS 

Warehouse Information Network Standard 

X 

X12C 

Communications and Controls 

X12E 

Product Data 

X12F 

Finance 

X12G 

Government 

X12H 

Materials Management 

X12I 

Transportation 

X12J 


X12K 

Purchasing 

X12L 

Industry Standards Transition 

X12M 

Distribution and Warehousing 

X12N 

Insurance

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

Acronym Dictionary - www.wpc-edi.com 

A 

AAHAM 

American Association of Healthcare Administrative Management 

AAMVA 

American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrator 

AAPRO 

American Association Of Preferred Provider Organizations 

ABI 

Automated Broker Interface 

ACER 

Annual Contractor Evaluation Report 

ACH 

Automated Clearing House 

ACORD 

Agency-Company Organization for Research and Development 

ACPE 

American Council on Pharmaceutical Education 

ACPS 

Advanced Claims Processing System 

ACR 

American College of Radiology 

ACR/NEMA 

ACR/National Electrical Manufacturers Association 

ACS 

American College of Surgeons 

ADA 

American Dental Association 

ADMD 

Administration Management Domain 

ADP 

Automated Data Processing 

ADR 

Alternate Dispute Resolution 

AEVCS 

Automated Eligibility Verification Claims Submission 

AFEHCT 

Association for Electronic Health Care Transactions 

AFT 

Automated Funds Transfer 

AGPA 

American Group Practice Association 

AGPAM 

American Guild of Patient Account Managers 

AHA 

American Hospital Association 

AHCPR 

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research 

AHIMA 

American Health Information Management Association 

AHP 

Accountable Health Plan 

AIAG

Automobile Industry Action Group 

AIPSO 

Auto Insurance Plans Service Office 

AISO 

Auto Insurance Services Group 

AMA 

American Medical Association 

AMCR 

Association for Managed Care Review 

AMCRA 

American Managed Care and Review Association 

AMP 

Automated Medical Payment 

AMRA 

American Medical Records Association 

ANA 

Article Numbering Association 

ANSI 


AOA 

American Osteopathic Association 

APG 

Ambulatory Patient Groups 

API 

Applications Program Interface 

ARPA 

Advanced Research Projects Agency 

ARU 

Audio Response Unit 

ASAP 

American Society for Automation in Pharmacy also, Analytic Systems Automated Purchasing 

ASC 

Accredited Standards Committees also, Ambulatory Surgical Center 

ASCII 

American Standard Code for Information Interchange 

ASHMM 

American Society for Hospital Materials Managers 

ASN 

Advanced Shipment Notice 

ASTM 

American Society of Testing Materials 

ATA 

Airline Transportation Association 

ATG 

Alignment Task Group 

ATM 

Asynchronous Transfer Mode also, Automated Teller Machine 

B 

BCBSA 

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association 

BPS 

Bits Per Second 

BRMA

Brokers and Reinsurance Markets Association 

BSC 

Binary Synchronous Communications 

BSR 

Board of Standards Review also, Basic Semantic Repository 

C 

CALS 

Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics System 

CAPA 

Certified Aftermarket Parts Association 

CAT 

Catastrophic Claims 

CBCP 

Common Business Communications Protocol 

IQCD 

Cash Concentration and Disbursement 

CCITT 

Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone 

CES 

Clearinghouse Enforceability Services 

CFR 

Code of Federal Regulations 

CHANDUS 

Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services 

CHAPS 

Clearing House Automated Payments System 

CHIPS 

Clearing House Interbank Payments System 

CHMIS 

Community Health Management Information Systems 

CHIN 

Community Health Information Network 

CHIPAS 

Community Health Purchasing Alliance 

CHN 

Cooperative Healthcare Networks 

CIAO 

Construction Industry Action Group 

CIDX 

Chemical Industry Data Exchange 

CIECA 

Collision Industry Electronic Commerce Association 

CII 

Center for Informatization of Industry 

CISG 

Convention on the International Sale of Goods 

CIU 

Claims Investigative Unit 

CLASS 

Claims Acquisition and Submission System 

CLIA 

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment 

CMA

Cash Management Association 

CMP 

Comprehensive Medical Plans 

COB 

Coordination of Benefits 

COS 

Corporation for Open Systems 

CPA 

Canadian Payments Association also Canadian Petroleum Association 

CPR 

Computer-based Patient Record also, Comparative Performance Reports 

CPRI 

Computer-based Patient Records Institute, Inc. 

CPS 

Characters Per Second 

CPT 

Current Procedural Terminology 

CQAS 

Carrier Quality Assurance System 

CR 

Change Request 

CRS 

Commercially Reasonable Security 

CSA 


CSI 

Customer Satisfaction Index 

CTP 

Corporate Trade Payment 

CTX 

Corporate Trade Exchange 

CUIG 

Credit Union Interchange Group 

CV 

Code Value 

CWF 

Common Working File 

D 

DCN 

Document Control Number 

DDT 

Data Device Integration 

DE 

Data Element 

DEA 

Drug Enforcement Agency 

DES 

Data Encryption standard 

DEX/UCS 

Direct Exchange UCS 

DFI 

Depository Financial Institution 

DISA

Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc. 

DISH 

Data Interchange for Shipping 

DLTG 

Delegate Liaison Task Group 

DM 

Data Maintenance 

DIWERC 

Durable Medical Equipment Regional Carriers 

DMTF 

Desktop Management Task Force 

DMV 

Department of Motor Vehicles 

DOB 

Date of Birth 

DOD 

Department of Defense 

DOE 

Direct Order Entry 

DRP 

Distribution Requirements Planning also, Direct Repair Program 

DSD 

Direct Store Delivery 

DSTU 

Draft Standard for Trial Use 

DTTU 

Draft Transaction for Trial Use 

DUR 

Drug Use/Utilization Reviews 

DVR 

Data Validation Reviews 

E 

EACH 

Essential Access Community Hospital 

EBCDIC 

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 

EC 

Electronic Commerce also, European Community 

ECE 

Economic Commission of Europe 

ECF 

Extended Care Facility 

ECR 

Efficient Consumer Response 

EDCD 

UN/EDIFACT Composite Data Elements Directory 

EDCL 

UN/EDIFACT Code Lists 

EDED 

UN/EDIFACT Data Elements Directory 

EDI 

Electronic Data Interchange 

EDIA

Electronic Data Interchange Association 

EDICA 

Electronic Data Interchange Council of Australia 

EDEPACT 

Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transportation 

EDIFICE 

Electronic Data Interchange Forum for Companies Interested in Computing and 

Electronics 

EDIM 

Electronic Data Interchange Message 

EDIX 

Electronics Industry Data Exchange 

EDM 

Electronic Document Management 

EDMD 

UN/EDIFACT Standard Message Types Directory 

EDSD 

UN/EDIFACT Standard Data Segments Directory 

EDPAF 

Electronic Data Processing Auditors Foundation 

EDS 

Electronic Data Systems 

EDX 

Electronic Data Exchange 

EEC 

European Economic Community 

EFT 

Electronic Funds Transfer 

EHNAC 

Electronic Healthcare Network Accreditation Commission 

EIAJ 

Electronic Industry Association of Japan 

EIDX 

Electronic Industry Data Exchange 

EIN 

Employer Identification Number 

EIS 

Executive Information System 

EMail 

Electronic Mail 

EMC 

Electronic Media Claims 

EOB 

Explanation of Benefits 

EOQ 

Economic Order Quantity 

EPA 

Environmental Protection Agency 

EPP 

EDEFACT Project Proposal 

EPSDT 

Early Periodic Screening Diagnostic Testing 

ERA 

Electronic Remittance Advise

ERISA 

Employee Retirement Security Income Act 

ERM 

Electronic Record Management 

ERS 

Evaluated Receipts Settlement 

ESDE 

Environmental Safety Data Exchange 

ESG 

EDIFACT Steering Group 

ESRD 

End Stage Renal Dialysis 

F 

FA 

Functional Acknowledgment 

FACP 

Final Administrative Cost Proposal 

FAHS 

Federation of American Health System 

FARs 

Federal Acquisition Regulations 

FASB 

Financial Accounting Standards Board 

FCPA 

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 

FDDI 

Fiber Distribution Data Interface 

FDO 

Free Determining Official 

FPS 

Federal Information Processing Standard 

FMC 

Federal Maritime Commission 

FN 

Forward Notification 

FOIA 

Freedom of Information Act 

FQHC 

Federally Qualified Health Center 

FTAM 

File Transfer, Access and Management 

FTP 

File Transfer Protocol 

FTS 

Federal Telecommunications System 

G 

GAAP 

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 

GAAS 

Generally Accepted Auditing Standards 

GAO

General Accounting Office 

GHAA 

Group Health Association of America 

GOSIP 

Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile 

GSA 

General Services Administration 

GUS 

Geographic Underwriting System 

H 

HCAD 

Health Care Administrators 

HCFA 

Health Care Financing Administration 

HCIN 

Healthcare Information Network 

HCPCS 

HCFA Common Procedure Coding System 

HCPR 

Health Care Provider Records 

HCRIS 

Hospital Cost Report Information System 

HCUP-3 

Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, 1988 - 1994 

HDC 

HCFA Data Center 

HEDIC 

Health Electronic Data Interchange Corporation 

HEDIS 

Health Plan and Employer Data and Information Set 

HEDITP 

Healthcare Electronic Data Interchange Trading Partner 

HFMA 

Healthcare Financial Management Association 

HHS 

Department of Health and Human Services 

HIAA 

Health Insurance Association of America 

HIBCC 

Health Industry Business Communications Council 

HIDA 

Health Industry Distributors Association 

HIE 

Health Insurance Enrollment 

HIMA 

Health Industry Manufacturers Association 

HIMR 

Health Insurance Master Record 

HIMSS 

Health Information and Management Systems Society 

HIN 

Health Industry Number 

HIPC

Health Insurance Purchasing Cooperative 

HIS 

Hospital Information System 

HISPP 

Health Informatics System Planning Panel 

HL7 

Health Level 7 

HMO 

Health Maintenance Organization 

HPSA 

Healthcare Professional Shortage Area 

I 

IA 

Interchange Agreement 

IAG 

Industry Action Group 

IAIABC 

International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions 

IATA 

International Airline Transport Association 

ICC 

international Chamber of Commerce 

ICD-9 

International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision 

ICED 

Index of Co-Existent Disease 

ICF 

Intermediate Care Facility 

ICN 

Internal Control Number 

ICOPS 

Industry Committee for Office Products Standard 

IDEA 

International Data Exchange Association 

IDMA 

Insurance Data Management Association 

IEC 

International Electrotechnical Committee 

IEDI 

International Electronic Data Interchange 

IEEE 

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 

IES 

Inter-Enterprise System Clearing House 

IETF 

Internet Engineering Task Force 

IFTM 

International Forwarding and Transport Framework 

IGP 

Individual Group Practice 

IHCEBI 

Interactive Health Care Eligibility Benefits Inquiry

IHCEBR 

Interactive Health Care Eligibility Benefits Response 

III 

Insurance Information Institute 

IMG 

International Medical Graduates 

INS 

International Network Services 

IP 

Internet Protocol 

IPMS 

Interpersonal Messaging Services 

IPT 

International Project Team 

IRC 

International Record Carrier 

ISDN 

Integrated Services Digital Network 

ISO 

International Standards Organization 

ISSB 

Information Systems Standards Board 

ISV 

Independent Software Vendors 

ITS 

Inter-Plan Teleprocessing System 

IV 

Initialization Vector 

IVANS 

Insurance Value Added Network Service 

IXRDA 

Independent X-Ray Dealers Association 

J 

JAD 

Joint Application Development 

JCAHO 

Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Organizations 

JEDI 

Joint Electronic Data Interchange 

JIT 

Just In Time 

JRT 

Joint Rapporteur Team 

JTC I 

Joint Technical Committee I 

JTCIEDI 

Joint Technical Committee for EDI 

K 

L 

LAN 

Local Area Network

LATA 

Local Area and Transport Area 

LIMNET 

London Insurance Market Network 

LIMRA 

Life Insurance Marketing and Research Association 

LOI 

Letter of Intent 

LRC 


M 

MAAC 

Maximum Allowable Actual Charge 

MAC 

Message Authentication Code also, Maximum Allowable Cost 

MAF 

Medical Assisted Facility 

MBA 

Mortgage Bankers Association 

MCO 

Managed Care Organization 

MDD 

Maximum Daily Dose 

MDG 

Message Design Guidelines Group 

MDN 

Managed Data Networks 

MEWA 

Multiple Employer Welfare Arrangements 

MGMA 

Medical Group Management Association 

MHS 

Message Handling System 

MMIS 

Materials Management Information System 

MNP 

Microcom Network Protocol 

MOMA 

Message-Oriented Middleware Association 

MOU 

Memo of Understanding 

MPI 

Medicare Provider Identifier 

MPIES 

Medicare Physician Identification and Eligibility System 

MS 

Message Stores 

MSDS 

Materials Safety Data Sheets also, Message Standards Development 

Subcommittee 

MTA 

Message Transfer Agent 

MTS

Medicare Transaction System 

N 

NABP 

National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 

NACHA 

National Automated Clearing House Association 

NACM 

National Association of Credit Managers 

NAEB 

North American EDIFACT Board 

NAGS 

National Auto Glass Specifications, Inc, 

NAHDO 

National Association of Health Data Organizations 

NAIC 

National Association of Insurance Commissioners 

NAII 

National Association of Independent insurers 

NAK 

Negative Acknowledgement 

NAMES 

National Association of Medical Equipment Suppliers 

NAAGC 

National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies 

NARA 

National Archives and Records Administration 

NATB 

National Auto Theft, Bureau (now called NICB) 

NBS 

National Bureau of Standards 

NCCI 

National Council of Compensation Insurance 

NCHS 

National Center for Health Statistics 

NCOIL 

National Conference of Insurance Log4lators 

NCP 

Network Control Program 

NCPDP 

National Council for Prescription Drug Programs 

NCQA 

National Committee for Quality Assurance 

NCSL 

National Computer Standards Laboratory 

NCVHS 

National Committee for Vital & Health Statistics 

NDM 

Network Data Mover 

NEIC 

National Electronic Information Corporation 

NEX/UCS 

Network Exchange UCS

NHCAA 

National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association 

NICB 

National Insurance Crime Bureau 

NIST 

National Institute for Standards of Technology 

NMR 

New Message Request 

NMVTIS 

National Motor Vehicle Title Information System 

NN 

Negative Notification 

NOPA 

National Office Products Association 

NPF 

National Provider File 

NPI 

National Provider Identifier 

NSA 

National Security Agency 

NSC 

National Supplier Clearinghouse 

NSF 

National Standard Format 

NTFHR 

National Task Force on Healthcare Reform 

NUBC 

National Uniform Billing Committee 

NWC 

National Workers Compensation Reinsurance Pool 

NWDA 

National Wholesale Druggists Association 

O 

O&P 

Organization and Procedures 

OBRA 

Omnibus Budger Reconciliation Act 

OCE 

Open Collaborative Environment 

OCHAMPUS 

Office of Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services 

OCR 

Optical Character Recognition 

ODETTE 

Organization for Data Exchange Through Teletransmission 

OFTP 

ODETTE File Transfer Protocol 

OIG 

Office of Inspector General 

OLTP 

On-Line Transaction Processing 

OM 

Outcome Measurement

OMB 

Office of Management and Budget 

OMC 

Office of Managed Care 

OMG 

Object Management Group 

OPM 

Organization and Procedure Manual 

OPOP 

Office of Provider Operations and Procedures 

OSCAR 

Online Survey and Certification and Reporting System 

OSI 

Open Systems Interconnection 

OTP 

Originating Trading Partner 

P 

P&C 

Property and Casualty 

PAD 

Packet Assembler/Dissembler 

PAEB 

Pan American EDIFACT Board 

PBM 

Pharmacy Benefit Managers 

PCS 

Property Claims Services 

PDAU 

Physical Delivery Access Unit 

PEB 

Provider Electronic Billing 

Pedi 

Protocol for EDI 

PIDX 

Petroleum Industry Data Exchange 

PIN 

Personal Identification Number 

PIP 

Personal Injury Protection also, Periodic Interim Payment 

PMA 

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association 

PMS 

Practice Management System 

PN 

Positive Notification 

POS 

Point of Sale also, Point of Service 

PP 

Project Proposal 

PPO 

Preferred Provider Organization 

PPSN

Public Packet Switched Network 

PRB 

Procedures Review Board 

PS&R 

Provider Statistics and Reporting System 

PSTN 

Public Switched Telephone Network 

PTT 

Post Telephone Telegraph Administration 

Q 

QAP 

Quality Assurance Program 

QR 

Quick Response 

R 

RA 

Remittance Advice 

RAA 

Reinsurance Association of America 

RBRVS 

Resource Based Relative Value Scale 

RDES 

Regional Data Exchange System 

RHHI 

Regional Home Health Intermediary 

RIMS 

Reconsideration Information System 

RINET 

Reinsurance and Insurance Network 

ROM 

Regional Office Manual also, Read-Only Memory 

RPCH 

Rural Primary Care Hospital 

RRC 

Rural Referral Center 

RT 

Rapporteur's Advisory and Support Team 

RTP 

Receiving Trading Partner 

RUG 

Resource Utilization Group 

S 

SCC-JTC/EDI 

Standards Council of Canada Joint Technical Committee on EDI 

SCM 

Shipping Container Marking 

SDG 

Syntax Development Group 

SDLC 

Synchronous Data Link Communication 

SDO

Standards Developing Organization 

SDS 

Switched Digital Service. 

SITA 

Systeme Internationale Transport Aeronautique 

SIU 

Special Investigative Unit 

SLA 

Service Level Agreement 

SMA 

State Medicaid Agencies 

SMDS 

Switched Multimegabit Data Services 

SNA 

System Network Architecture 

SNI 

SNA Network Interconnect 

SNADS 

System Network Architecture Distribution Service 

SNW 

Simple Network Management Protocol 

SONET 

Synchronous Optical Network 

SPBA 

Society of Professional Benefit Administrators 

SPIN 

Standard Prescriber Identification Number 

SPTG 

Special Task Group 

SPWG 

Special Work Group 

SSN 

Social Security Number 

SWIFT 

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications 

T 

T3POS 

Transaction Processing Protocol for Point of Sale 

TA 


TAG 

Technical Advisory Group also, Technical Assessment Groups 

TCIF 

Telecommunication Industry Forum 

TCP/IP 

Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol 

TCP/IP FTP 

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - File Transfer Protocol 

TCS 

Trusted Computer System 

TDCC 

Transportation Data Coordinating Committee

TDF 

Transborder Data Flow 

TDI 

Trade Data Interchange Also, Trading Data Interchange 

TDI-AP 

Trade Data Interchange - Applications Protocol 

TEDIS 

Trade Electronic Data Interchange Systems 

TG 

Task Group 

TICD UN/ 

Draft Interactive Composite Data Elements Directory for UN/EDIFACT 

TIMD UN/ 

Draft Interactive Messages Directory for UN/EDIFACT 

TIN 

Tax Identification Number 

TP 

Trading Partner 

TPA 

Third Party Administrators also, Trading Partner Agreement 

TPSP 

Third Party Service Provider 

TR 

Technical Report 

TRACS 

Trauma Registry of the American College of Surgeons 

TDED 

UN/EDIFACT Trade Data Element Directory 

TS 

Transaction Set 

TSTS 

Transaction Switching and Transport Service 

U 

UA 

User Agent 

UCC 

Uniform Code Council 

UCFTF 

Uniform Claim Form Task Force 

UCR 

Usual, Customary, and Reasonable 

UCS 

Uniform Communications Standard 

UN/ECE 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 

UN/EDIFACT 

United Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and 

Trade 

UN/GTDI 

UN/EDIFACT Guidelines for Trade Data Interchange 

UN/ISO 

United Nations International Standards Organization 

UNCID

Uniform Rules of Conduct for Interchange of Trade Data by Teletransmission 

UNID 

Unique National Identifier 

UNJEDI 

United Nations Joint Electronic Data Interchange 

UNSIM 

UNEFACT Standard Interactive Message 

UNSM 

United Nations Standard Message 

UNTDED 

United Nations Trade Data Elements Directory 

UNTDID 

United Nations Trade Data Interchange Directory 

UPC 


UPIN 

Unique Physician Identification Number 

UPC 


UPS 

Uninterruptable Power Supply 

URAC 

Utilization Review Accreditation Commission 

URO 

Utilization Review Organization 

USNC 

United States National Committee 

V 

VAB 

Value Added Bank 

VAD 

Value Added Distributor 

VAN 

Value Added Network 

VAR 

Value Added Reseller 

VICS 

Voluntary Industry Communications Standard 

VIVM 

Vendor Independent Messaging Interface 

W 

WWW 

World Wide Web 

WEDI 

Work Group for Electronic Data Interchange 

WG 

Work Group 

WNS 

Warehouse Information Network Standard 

X 

X12C

Communications and Controls 

X12E 

Product Data 

X12F 

Finance 

X12G 

Government 

X12H 

Materials Management 

X12I 

Transportation 

X12J 


X12K 

Purchasing 

X12L 

Industry Standards Transition 

X12M 

Distribution and Warehousing 

X12N 

Insurance

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

Dictionary Xcellweb 

A List of Xcellweb Features plus a collection of Internet expressions 

Anonymous FTP A system of computers and databases tracking information of FTP servers 

throughout the world. 

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A 7-bit character 

code that can represent 128 characters, some of which are control 

characters used for communications control and are not printable. 

Arabic Indexing Allows Xcellweb clients to have searchable web pages in Arabic language. 

ASP 

(Active Server Page) supporting the standard Microsoft ASP components 

such as the AdRotator, and Content Linker. XcellWeb has standardized on 

ServerObjects' components because of their high level of stability and 

functionality. XcellWeb is committed to hosting any components 

developers wish to use for their applications as long as the component(s) 

meet standards for stability and security. 

Attribute A property of an HTML element; specified in the start tag of the element. 

Audio Streaming The ability to play audio as it is being received as opposed to downloading 

an entire audio file and launching an audio player. 

Authentication Verification of a person's identity or a processes validity. 

Authoring Used in the context as creating World Wide Web documents. 

Autoresponder 

(Infobots) An automatic response to an e-mail inquiry generated by the 

mail server that is programmed to acknowledge receipt of an e-mail 

request. This can be used to send additional information about a specific 

product or service. 

Avatar A graphic or pictorial representation of a user in a 3-D chat area. Usually 

chosen by each user, the avatar can be an animal or caricature. 

AVI (Audio Video interleaved) A Microsoft multimedia file format. 

AVR Automatic Voice Recognition 

Backbone A high speed centralized network connecting smaller independent 

networks. 

Backdoor Refers to the "private entrance" around the security in a program or 

network used by programmers or technicians to perform maintenance or 

gain entry. 

Bandwidth The range of frequencies (data) a transmission line can carry and defined 

in bit\s (BPS). The larger the bandwidth, the greater the information 

capacity of a channel. 

Banner An online advertising graphic. 

Baud A unit of transmission/receiving speed, expressed in terms of the number 

of different signal events per second. It is the same as bit/s, when it is used 

to transmit a single bit of data. 

bcc Blind Carbon Copy. To send an e-mail where the addressee does not see 

that the letter was also sent to a third party. 

Binary file Any file that is not plain, ASCII text. For example: executable files, 

graphic files and compressed (ZIP) files. 

Bit (contraction of binary digit) A single unit of information that has two 

values, 0 or 1. 

BITNet "Because It's Time" Network. An academic computer network that 

provides interactive electronic mail and file transfer services, using a 

store-and-forward protocol. BITNet hosts are not on the Internet per se, 

but are reachable by email through BITNet to Internet gateways. 

Bounce The return of a piece of mail because of an error in the delivery process.

Mail can be bounced for various reasons. "Bounce" can also refer to the 

message indicating the error (informal usage). 

Bookmark Marking the location OF an Internet address for quick reference. 

bps Bits per second. Measurement of digital information transmission rates. 

Broadband Any network (or frequency) that multiplexes different independent 

network carriers into a single cable or channel. 

Broadcast The simultaneous transmission of like data from one to many destinations, 

one to all. 

Brochureware A slang term for websites where companies have done little more than 

scan their companies brochures and mounted them on their web pages. 

This is the first step many businesses take while learning to market on the 

Internet. 

Browser A software program for observing the World Wide Web; synonym for a 

Web client. 

BTW An abbreviation for "By The Way". 

Bulletin Board System (BBS) A computer, and associated hardware, which typically provides 

electronic messaging services, archives of files and any other services or 

activities of interest to the bulletin board system's operator. Many BBS's 

are currently operated by government, educational and research 

institutions. 

Although BBS's have traditionally been the domain of hobbyists, an 

increasing number of BBS's are connected to the Internet. The majority, 

however, are still reachable only via a direct modem-to-modem connection 

over a phone line. 

Bulk E-mail E-mail sent to multiple addresses in one huge mailing. Usually referring to 

a UCE bombing or SPAM. 

Byte Eight bits forming a unit of data. Typically, each byte stores one character 

(letter or number). 

C (and/or C+, C++) The name of a programming language so called because many features 

derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of its 

parent, BCPL. Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designing 

C++, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be 

named `D' or `P'. C is now the dominant language in systems and 

microcomputer applications programming. 

Careware Shareware for which either the author suggests that some payment be 

made to a nominated charity or a levy directed to charity is included on top 

of the distribution charge. 

Cache A temporary storage bin in memory and on your hard drive. Browsers 

stash the contents from pages that have been downloaded in the event they 

are called upon to be displayed again. 

CCI (Common Client Interface) Allows Web clients to communicate with 

external viewers or other applications. 

CERN Centre Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire. The European laboratory 

for particle physics, where the Web originated in 1989. (See 

http://www.iso.ch/) 

CGI (Common Gateway Interface) A standard for programs to interface with 

Web servers. 

CGI-BIN (bin - short for binary) The name of a directory on a web server in which 

CGI programs are usually stored. 

Channel The basic unit of discussion on IRC. Once one joins a channel, others read 

everything one types on that channel. Channels can either be named with 

numbers or with strings that begin with a `#' sign and can have topic 

descriptions (which are generally irrelevant to the actual subject of 

discussion).

Clickable Map Another name for an imagemap. 

Client A software program that requests information or services from another 

software application, a server, and displays this information in a form 

required by its hardware platform. 

Client/server A front-end client and a back end server allows multiple workstations 

(client) to access the same server at the same time over the LAN. The 

Internet is a global client/server network. The goal of such a design is to 

off-load as much processing as possible to the desktop leaving the shared 

information at the server. 

Clipboard A temporary staging area for copied information stored in memory. The 

clipboard stores information until you copy another or you exit Windows. 

Cold Fusion XcellWeb Servers support Cold Fusion tags. See also 

http://www.allaire.com 

Confidence factor The factor by which a search engine rates the relevance or results of a 

keyword query. 

Connectivity The access method through which one is connected to the Internet. 

Connectivity choices are increasing rapidly. 

Cookie A handle or transaction identifier, or other token of agreement between 

cooperating programs. Cookies were introduced by Netscape to preserve 

state information on the browser. This permits a site to recognize you on 

subsequent visits. Shopping cart programs can record each item you have 

collect as you navigate through a site. When done shopping, the web page 

can use all of your accumulated cookies to calculate the charge. Some 

people believe that any site you connect to can read all the cookies on your 

disk. However, only the site that issued the cookie can read it. 

Corel Draw A very popular suite of graphics programs. 

CPM Advertising term meaning cost per one thousand sightings or impressions. 

Cracker A cracker is an individual who attempts to access computer systems 

without authorization. These people are often malicious, as opposed to 

hackers, and have many means at their disposal for breaking into a system. 

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) a World Wide Web Consortium specification for 

designing layout and style elements of a web page. It permits you to 

control the appearance of fonts, colors, sizes, etc. throughout the entire site 

by referencing one master page. FrontPage 98 does this by assisting you 

with the "Themes" option. 

CTR (Click Through Rate) Advertising term indicating the percentage of 

viewers who click on a banner advertisement and follow the link. 

Ctrl C - (Control C) The keyboard command to copy text or graphics selected (highlighted) by 

the cursor to the computers temporary RAM memory. 

Ctrl V - (Control V) The keyboard command to paste an object stored in RAM memory into an 

open application such as a paint program or word processor. 

Cybercitizens Citizens of the Internet, Net heads, Netizens. 

Cybermall An online shopping mall . 

Cyberspace A term coined by William Gibson in his SF novel Neuromancer (1984) to 

describe the interconnected "world" of computers and the society that 

gathers around them. Today, cyberspace is the Internet and the tens of 

thousands of computers and networks that make up the Net. - D - 

Daemon [from the mythological meaning, later rationalized as the acronym `Disk 

And Execution MONitor'] A program that is not invoked explicitly, but 

lies dormant waiting for some condition(s) to occur. The idea is that the 

perpetrator of the condition need not be aware that a daemon is lurking 

(though often a program will commit an action only because it knows that 

it will implicitly invoke a daemon). 

Data Transfer Per Month Cumulative total of data that is transferred over the web site each month.

Dial-up Account Account with an Internet Service Provider that utilizes a telephone call to a 

modem (rather than a dedicated data line). 

DARPA The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (now the Defense 

Information Systems Agency) initiated the DARPA Internet program in 

1969. This network which was called an "CATENET" was the precursor to 

the modern Internet. 

Dialer A program that establishes and maintains your connection to the Internet, 

as well as provides Winsock support. Popular dialers include Trumpet 

Winsock and the Windows '95 Dial up Networking. 

Dialup A temporary connection between machines established with modems over 

a standard phone line. 

Digital Cash Electronic cash or bank account. Automatic payroll deposits in your bank 

are examples of digital cash. 

Disk Storage Amount of disk space available for programming. 

Discussion Forum A place on your web site where visitors can exchange their views on a 

certain subject. 

DNS (Domain Name Service) The Internet's distributed database system used to 

map names with the appropriate IP address. The DNS is a general-purpose 

distributed, replicated, data query service. The principal use is the lookup 

of host IP addresses based on host names. The style of host names now 

used in the Internet is called "domain name", because they are the style of 

names used to look up anything in the DNS. Some important domains are 

.COM (commercial), .NET (network), .EDU (educational), .GOV 

(government) and .MIL (military). Most countries also have a domain. For 

example, .US (United States), .UK (United Kingdom) and .AU (Australia). 

Domain Name The alphabetic name for a computer host; this name is mapped to the 

computer's numeric Internet Protocol (lP) address. 

Download Copying files from another computer to your own computer over a 

communications link. 

DPI (Dots Per Inch) The spatial resolution of a graphics image, how many dots 

per inch in a graphic image determine the quality of output. A high-end 

printer can produce 600 - 1200+ DPI while a computer monitor is only 72 

DPI. 

DTD (Document Type Definition) A specification for a mark-up language. 

EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) The exchange of information through the 

use of an electronic (and usually secure) messaging system. 

EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation - http://www.eff.org) is a non-profit civil 

liberties organization working in the public interest to protect privacy, free 

expression, and access to public resources and information online, as well 

as to promote responsibility in new media. Founded in July of 1990, the 

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is dedicated to finding ways to 

resolve these and other conflicts while ensuring that essential civil liberties 

are protected. 

Element A unit of structure in an HTML document; many elements have start and 

stop tags; some have just a single tag; some elements can contain other 

elements. 

E-mail Electronic Mail. The exchange of messages via networked computers to an 

e-mail address. E-mail allows attaching and sending of other files. 

Email Address The domain-based address that is used to send electronic mail to a 

specified destination. For example, "support@xcellweb.com" is the email 

address for the user support of the xcellweb.com domain. 

E-mail Forwarding Automated forwarding of E-mail messages delivered to an established 

e-mail address.

E-mail Autoresponding Automated e-mail response to messages received at a specified e-mail 

address 

E-mall An electronic shopping mall. 

Emoticon E-mail emotions, or faces that you insert to express moods. Examples: 

Smiley face :-) or unhappy face :-( 

Ethernet The most common LAN transmission network. 

Explorer (Internet Explorer) Microsoft's web browser 

Exposures The number of times a viewer sees an advertising banner. 

Extranet A close relative of an Intranet with the difference being that remote 

company offices not confined to the corporate location can utilize the 

Intranet via the Internet. 

FAQ An acronym for Frequently Asked Questions. 

FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) A fiber-based token-passing LAN 

technology standardized by ANSI, with dual counter-rotating rings. Each 

ring carries information at the rate of 100 Mbits. 

Filtering An automatic method of screening e-mail messages as they are 

downloaded from the Internet. An e-mail client can be instructed to 

deposit (file or trash) qualifying e-mail messages in various folders as they 

are received. A filter can look at keywords, addresses, domains, subject 

matter, size, etc. 

Finger An Internet tool used to locate people on other Internet sites. 

Firewall A gateway between two networks that screens and buffers information 

passing between the networks. 

Flame To post an email message intended to insult and provoke. 

Flame Bait A posting intended to trigger a flame war, or one that invites flames in 

reply. 

Form HTML element that allows users to fill in information and submit it for 

processing. 

Frames An HTML programming option that permits a web page to be subdivided 

into smaller sections of varying size. The "windows" can have no 

relevance to each other or, they can be hyper-linked to each other. 

Frame relay A communications interface that provides high-speed packet transmission 

with minimum delay and efficient use of bandwidth. It assumes that all 

connections are reliable and does not have error detection or control which 

helps to speed up the protocol. 

Freeware Software that is free but still copyright protected. 

Front Page 98 extensions XcellWeb servers support sites made with Microsoft's Front Page 98 and 

its new extensions. see also http://www.microsoft.com/frontpage 

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) A means to exchange files across a network. 

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A storage format for images; can be used as 

an inline image in an HTML document. 

Gopher A protocol for disseminating information on the Internet using a system of 

menus; items in the menus can be links to other documents, searches, or 

links to other information services. 

Graphical Browser A Web client that displays inline images and fonts and that usually offers 

mouse-based point-and-click operation. 

GUI (Graphical User Interface) Pronounced "gooey", a navigational command or menu interface designed to be selfexplanatory 

and easy to use by pointing and clicking on text selections and icons. The Windows GUI interface, although 

originally pioneered in the 1970s by Xerox, is now the de-facto standard for American business. 

Hacker A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internal 

workings of a system, computers and computer networks in particular. 

Hardware Type of server acting as a host server. 

HDML (Handheld Device Markup Language) A developing programming 

language for a new class of cellular (wireless) communications.

Header Information that appears across the top of e-mail messages, and newsgroup 

articles. The header usually contains data about the sender, date message 

was created, the computer path the message traveled through and other 

information used for managing the message. 

Hex Code The binary code name for the color used in html. 

Hit A request from a browser for a single item from a web server. An overused 

term when discussing traffic on a website, e.g. "We get 500,000 hits per 

month." Calling one page from a server could result in dozens of "hits" 

because each graphic is interpreted as a hit. In reality, counting only the 

"index.htm" page or "default.htm" page would be a more accurate gauge of 

traffic. 

Home Page A place on the web for any person or organization on the Internet to 

display information to anyone else who wants to see it. A company, for 

example, could put the entire contents of their brochure, or annual 

statement, or technical support manual on the Web as a home page. 

Host Any computer on the Internet is referred to as a host. 

HotJava A Web browser capable of executing applets written in the Java 

programming language. 

Hotspot The region of displayed hypertext that, when selected, links the user to 

another point in the hypertext or another resource. 

HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) The mechanism used to create Web pages; 

Web browsers display these pages according to a browser-defined 

rendering scheme. 

HTML Tag Indicates document structure, elements, formatting and links to other 

documents. HTML Tags also allow use of other media within a document 

Example - area affected 

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) The native protocol of the Web, used to 

transfer hypertext documents. 

Hypermedia Hypertext that may include multimedia: text, graphics, images, sound, and 

video. 

Hyperlink A means of "jumping" from one information site to another on the same or 

a different network server. 

Hypertext Text that is not constrained to a single sequence for observation; 

Web-based hypertext is not constrained to a single server for creating 

meaning. 

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force - http://www.ietf.org/overview.html) A 

large open international community of network designers, operators, 

vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet 

architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any 

interested individual. To learn more about this group, what they do and 

how you may want to become involved, read "A Guide for New Attendees 

of the Internet Engineering Task Force" at: http://www.ietf.org/tao.html 

iHTML support a server-side scripting platform, which will be a boon to dynamic site 

creators. iHTML Pro allows you to add programmatic logic, conditional 

statements, file manipulation, math functions, ODBC connectivity and 

more to your site all from within your HTML documents (no additional 

files required) with an easy-to-learn HTML tag-like syntax. see also 

http://www.ihtml.com 

Image Map A graphic inline image on an HTML page that potentially connects each 

pixel or region of an image to a Web resource; users click on the image to 

retrieve the resources. 

Infobot (See autoresponder and mailbot) an automatic response to an e-mail or 

web inquiry used to provide additional information about a product or 

service.

Interlaced Graphics GIF files that are interlaced permit the graphic to load gradually in the 

browser window, progressively increasing the clarity. 

Internet The cooperatively run, globally distributed collection of computer 

networks that exchange information via the TCP/IP protocol suite. 

Internet Address An IP address that uniquely identifies a node on the Internet. Internet 

Protocol - (IP) The network layer for the TCP/IP Protocol Suite. It is a 

connectionless, best-effort packet switching protocol. 

Internet Society, The Is a non-governmental International organization for global cooperation 

and coordination for the Internet and its internetworking technologies and 

applications. The Society's individual and organizational members are 

bound by a common stake in maintaining the viability and global scaling 

of the Internet. They comprise the companies, government agencies, and 

foundations that have created the Internet and its technologies as well as 

innovative new entrepreneurial organizations contributing to maintain that 

dynamic. Visit their home pages at: http://info.isoc.org/ to see how Internet 

innovators are creatively using the network. 

InterNIC is a cooperative activity between the National Science Foundation, 

Network Solutions, Inc. and AT&T. Network Solutions sponsors 

Registration Services, Support Services, and Net Scout Services. Click 

here to visit the InterNIC on the Web. 

Interpreneurs A new breed of entrepreneur who develops Internet/Intranet businesses or 

applications. 

Intranet is a private, internal network that operates within the walls of a company 

(similar to a LAN) and is usually insulated from the outside world via an 

electronic or hardware impedance called a firewall. 

IP Address This is a four-part number, which everyone else on the Internet uses to 

uniquely identify your network. 

IPng Internet Protocol Next Generation is a working group of the Internet 

Engineering Task Force (IETF) that is responsible for solving the IP 

address shortage due to occur after the millenium. 

IRC (Internet Relay Chat) A worldwide "party line" network that allows one to 

converse with others in real time. IRC is structured as a network of 

Internet servers, each of which accepts connections from client programs, 

one per user. 

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Switched digital networking that 

handles a range of digital voice and digital image transmission. It provides 

end-to-end, simultaneous handling of voice and data on the same digital 

links via integrated switches. 

ISO (International Standards Organization) An international organization that 

sets standards for many things, including, for example, the ISO Latin-1 

character set. (See http://www.iso.ch/) 

ISP (Internet Service 

Provider) A Company or Entity that provides Internet access to the public. 

Java An object-oriented programming language for creating distributed, 

executable applications. 

Java Script A non-compiled command language used in HTML applications where the 

instructions are managed by the browser. 

Java Servlet Xcellweb servers support using fast server-side Java . Included class 

library makes building complex server-side applications in Java a breeze. 

JDK (Java Development Kit) The development kit from Sun Microsystems that 

provides the basic tools needed to write, test and debug Java. 

JEPI (Joint Electronic Payment Initiative) developed by the World Wide Web 

Consortium (W3C) to help facilitate electronic commerce. 

J-mail Electronic junk mail.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) A graphic compression and 

decompression standard. 

Kbps Kilobits per second. A measure of digital information transmission rates. 

(1 kilobit = 1,000 bits) 

Kermit A popular file transfer protocol developed by Columbia University. 

Because Kermit runs in most operating environments, it provides an easy 

method of file transfer. Kermit is not the same as FTP. 

Keyword(s) The descriptive text included in HTML programming which is indexed by 

search engines. E.g. keywords such as motor, engine, tires, etc. would be 

included in a site geared to automobiles. 

LAN A local area network. 

Lexis-Nexis http://www.lexis-nexis.com/ Although fee-based, this database consisting 

of extensive news and general interest subjects is one of the most powerful 

research sites in the world. 

Link A connection between one hypertext document and another. 

Listservers (Listserv) A software program used to manage e-mail discussion groups. 

Log Files Files that record and store raw data of web site traffic. 

Lurk To hang around a Newsgroup without participating. A person who is lurking is just listening to the discussion. Lurking 

is encouraged for beginning users who wish to become acquainted with a particular discussion before joining in. 

Lynx A nongraphical Web browser, developed by the University of Kansas. 

MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a specification for multimedia 

document formats. 

Mailbot (see Infobot or Autoresponder) A program that automatically responds to 

incoming e-mail requests. 

Mail Server A software program that distributes files or information in response to requests sent via e-mail. Internet 

examples include Almanac and netlib. Mail servers have also been used in BITNet to provide FTP-like services. 

Mailing list An e-mail address which expands to multiple e-mail addresses. Usually 

they are confined to specific topics of information. 

MAPI (Messaging Application Programming Interface) Is Microsoft's standard 

for the interface to e-mail. 

Matrix The set of all networks that can exchange electronic mail either directly or 

through gateways. This includes the Internet, BITNET, FidoNet, UUCP, 

and commercial services such as America Online, CompuServe, Delphi, 

Prodigy, as well as other networks. This term was coined by John S. 

Quarterman in his book, The Matrix (Digital Press, 1990). 

mbps Megabits per second. A measure of digital information transmission rates. 

(1 megabit = 1,000 kilobits) 

Megabit Approximately one million bits of data. 

Megabyte Approximately one million bytes of data. 

Merchant Bank A banking company that handles corporate transactions. A merchant bank 

enables a business to receive and clear credit card transactions on line. A 

merchant bank is the one who actually transfers money from a buyer's 

account to a seller's account as a result of goods or services being sold. 

META tags Commands in HTML that instruct the browser or search engines to 

perform specific tasks, identify keywords, site definitions, page authors, 

plug-in requirements, etc. that are invisible to the user. 

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) a protocol that permits sounds from 

musical instruments to be converted to a program and read by a computer. 

MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a specification in multimedia 

documents. 

Modem A hardware device that connects to the phone lines that permits computers 

to exchange information. Modems convert binary data into analog for the 

purpose of passing that data over copper phone lines. 

Moderator A person, or small group of people, who manage moderated mailing lists

and Usenet newsgroups. Moderators are responsible for determining which 

e-mail submissions are passed onto a list. 

Moderated Newsgroup A newsgroup whose articles are sent via e-mail to the group's moderator, 

who checks material before they are posted. 

Monthly Price Monthly hosting fee associated with each level of web hosting service. 

Mosaic A graphical Web browser originally developed by the National Center for 

Supercomputing Applications (NCSA); now includes a number of 

commercially licensed products. 

MS SQL Server Supports the installation and operation of a MS SQL database on the web 

site. 

MUD (Multi-User Dungeon) Adventures, role-playing games or simulations 

played on the Internet. Devotees call them "text-based virtual reality 

adventures". Players interact in real time and can modify the "world" in 

which the game is played. Most MUDs are based on the Telnet protocol. 

Multi-tasking The simultaneous execution of two or more assignments by one program 

or the coordinated use of one program that performs many functions at the 

same time. 

Narrowcasting A term that describes the distribution of information (or TV programs) 

designed for minority interests rather than the mass appeal targeted by 

broadcasting. 

Navigating The act of observing the content of the Web for some purpose. 

NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) At the University of 

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; developers and distributors of NCSA 

Mosaic. 

The Net An informal term for the Internet or a subset (or a superset) of the Matrix 

in context. For example, a computerized conference via e-mail may take 

place on a BITNET host that has an Internet gateway, thus making the 

conference available to anyone on either of these networks. 

Netscape A web browser (Navigator) and by default, the name of the authoring 

company. The Netscape( browser was based on the Mosaic program 

developed at NCSA. 

Netiquette ("network etiquette") The conventions of politeness (Miss Manners 

etiquette of the Internet) recognized on USENET, such as avoidance of 

cross-posting to inappropriate groups and refraining from "commercial 

pluggery" outside the biz (business) newsgroups. 

Newbie A new Internet user. 

Network Connectivity Speed of connection attached to the host server. 

Newsgroup A collection of articles (postings) sent to a specific place on the Internet 

regarding a specific theme. 

NIC (Network Information Center) A NIC provides information, assistance and 

services to network users. The Internet Network Information Center 

(InterNIC) is a project administered by AT&T and Network Solutions, Inc. 

(NSI). AT&T provides directory and database services for registered 

Internet hosts, while NSI administers the registration process. 

Nickname A name that you select when you connect to an IRC server. Many users 

choose descriptive nicknames that have no relevance to their real identity. 

NOC Network Operations Center 

NOS Network Operating System 

Node A device on a network that requests or provides services. A node is also 

used to describe a network workstation. 

NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) A protocol for the distribution, 

retrieval and posting of Usenet articles through high-speed links available 

on the Internet.

NSFNET The National Science Foundation started the Supercomputer Centers 

program in 1986. NSF's idea was to construct five supercomputer centers 

around the country and build a network that would link them with users. 

This would be the core of the U.S. Internet, until its privatization and 

retirement in 1995. 

NSI Network Solutions Inc. was awarded the InterNIC contract worth $5.9 

million a year by NSF. NSI began registering domains at the rate of 

approximately 400 per month. 

NT (New Technology) Windows NT is Microsoft's 32-bit version of 

Windows. It is a standalone operating system (OS) that is also a "network 

ready" system. 

OCR (Optical Character Recognition) Software that converts scanned images of 

text documents into files, which can then be imported into a word 

processor. 

ODBC support Xcellweb hosting clients can host their ODBC compliant databases for 

access from their web sites. 

OFX (Open Financial Exchange) Messaging specifications created by Microsoft, 

Intuit and Checkfree. 

Merchant Store Front Database Package Hosting clients may request the installation a merchat 

store front enabling them to sell products and take orders over the internet. 

The store front include an advanced shopping cart system as well as 

automatic shipping fees calculation.They can build their own store online 

through a web browser, no need for programming knowledge. A storefront 

example can be found here. 

Operating System Operating system installed on host server. 

OS (Operating System) DOS, Windows 3.1, Win95, UNIX, OS2, etc. are basic 

operating systems for computers. 

Packet A set of data handled as a unit in data transmission. 

Packet Switching A method of transferring data in a network where individual packets are 

accepted by the network and delivered to the prescribed destination. 

Packets can be distributed in any order because the control data sent at the 

beginning of the transmission ensures they are interpreted in the correct 

sequence once received. Because each packet carries its own instructions, 

it can use any route to reach its destination. 

Page A single file of hypertext mark-up language. 

Path Name The list of directories you pass through to get to embedded directories. 

Pathnames begin with a slash (/) and directory names are separated by a 

slash. 

PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) Handheld computing and communication 

devices. 

PDF A file format exclusive to the Adobe Acrobat Reader that can be 

downloaded and viewed off-line. 

PEP (Protocol Extension Protocol) is an extension to HTTP. 

Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language) A scripting language 

written by Larry Wall used for text manipulation and popular for writing 

gateway applications. 

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) encrypts and decrypts files and messages using 

some of the strongest encryption technology available to U. S. civilians. 

Ping The TCP/IP service that lets you check to verify that you can reach another 

network node from your local host. Ping is usually a quick test to ensure 

that your connection is valid. The command will return the time in 

milliseconds that a packet takes to make the round trip from your local 

host to the remote host. 

Plug-ins An application that allows you to view different information formats in

your browser window. 

POP Point-of-Presence. A linked group of modems, routers and other 

equipment, located in a particular city or metropolitan area, allowing local 

subscribers to access the Internet through a local telephone call. 

POP 2/3 (Post Office Protocol) A protocol designed to allow single user hosts to 

read e-mail from a server. There are three versions: POP, POP2 and POP3. 

Later versions are not compatible with earlier versions. 

POP E-mail Post Office Protocol Electronic mail address at your domain name. 

Example: name@domainname.com POP E-mail is the standard for the 

exchange of messages via networked computers to an e-mail address. 

Posting The method of sending e-mail message to a Newsgroup or electronic 

bulletin board. 

Postmaster The email contact and maintenance person at a site connected to the 

Internet. Often, but not always, the same as the admin. 

POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) Copper phone wires or twisted pair, the 

same wiring that connects to your home or office. 

PPP Point to Point Protocol. A communications protocol that allows dial-up 

access to Internet over telephone lines. 

Promotion A service by Xcellweb to promote the client's web site in the top 15 search 

engines. 

Protocol message formats (rules) that two or more machines must observe to 

exchange information. To print a document on a network printer, strict 

protocols must be adhered to or the operation can not proceed. 

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) The old-fashioned telephone 

system with which we all grew up. See POTS. 

PUSH (As opposed to "PULL" technology) Information is delivered to a desktop 

or other receiving device in real time as new information becomes 

available. This is as a result of a user defining areas of interest, industries, 

and keywords via a personal profile with the PUSH service provider. 

QuickTime (QT) A format developed by Apple Computer for working with data files, 

such as sounds and video. A QuickTime file is indicated by a ".mov" 

(movie) filename. 

Radio Button A round selection (check box) field in software programs and web forms 

that when checked, looks like a knob from an old radio. 

RAM Random Access Memory is temporary memory that your computer uses to 

store information. Text copied to the "clipboard" is stored in RAM until it 

is replaced by new information or the computer is turned off. 

Real Audio A browser plug-in used to listen to live or on-demand music in real-time 

across the Internet at 14.4K baud or higher. 

RFC (Request for Comments) A series of documents that describes standards or 

proposes new standards for Internet protocols and technologies. 

RNA Ring No Answer. This is the symptom used to describe a modem at a local 

POP that rings, but does not pick up the incoming call. 

Robot A term for software programs that automatically explore the Web for a 

variety of purposes; robots that collect resources for later database queries 

by users are sometimes called spiders. 

Routing the process used on the Internet to deliver data packets to their intended 

destination. A router processes the data packet and reads the destination 

address included in the IP header then determines the next (router) stop 

that will take the packet closer to its destination. The process is repeated 

until the packet arrives at its final target. 

RTFM An acronym for "Read The Freaking Manual". Advice given to Newbies 

who ask questions before looking for the answers in the appropriate 

places.

Screen Capture A method of "capturing" a snapshot of your computer screen. Pressing the 

"Print Scrn" key on your keyboard will place an image of your computer 

screen in memory. Pasting (Ctrl V) that image into any graphics program 

will permit you to crop and edit that scene. 

Search Engines Resources that are used to locate information on the Internet. 

Site indexing Enabling web pages to be indexed for search. 

Server A software application that provides information or services based on 

requests from client programs. 

SET (Secure Electronic Transactions) a new Internet standard from MasterCard 

and VISA. 

Set up One time set up fee associated with each level of web hosting service. 

SGML Standard Generalized Mark-Up Language; a standard for defining mark-up 

languages; HTML is an instance of SGML. (See http://www.sgmlopen.org/) 

Shareware Software that you try out for a certain period of time and then pay for it if 

you wish to keep using it. 

Shelfware Software purchased on a whim (by an individual user) or in accordance 

with policy (by a corporation or government agency), but not actually 

required for any particular use. Therefore, it often ends up on some shelf. 

Shell The user interface to an operating environment. Unix has several, 

including the Bourne shell (sh), the C shell (csh), and the Korn shell (ksh). 

Shockwave A browser plug-in from Macromedia that permits you to view animated 

multimedia presentations on the web. 

Signature Text that can be automatically added to the bottom of e-mail messages or 

newsgroups articles. 

Site A file section of a computer on which Web documents (or other 

documents served in another protocol) reside; for example, a Web site, a 

Gopher site, an FTP site. 

SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol. A communications protocol that allows 

direct, dial-up access to the Internet over phone lines. 

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Set of rules that the Internet uses for 

moving e-mail messages. 

SPAM Causing a newsgroup to be flooded with irrelevant or inappropriate 

messages. SPAMing is considered one of the worst examples of bad 

Netiquette. 

Snail Mail The traditional mail service offered by the U.S. Postal Service. 

Spider A software program that traverses the Web to collect information about 

resources for later queries by users seeking to find resources; major 

species of active spiders include Lycos and WebCrawler. 

SQL (Structured Query Language) A standardized query language used for 

querying databases in client/server applications. 

Subject Line The line in e-mail messages where you insert the subject being discussed. 

This is an important place to add "spin" to a marketing message. 

Surfing The act of navigating the Web, typically using techniques for rapidly 

processing information in order to find subjectively valuable resources. 

SysOp The person responsible for maintenance of a given computer system. Short 

for "System Operator". 

Thawte Secure Certificate Allows XcellWeb clients to purchase their own secure certificate from 

Thawte. see also http://www.thawte.com 

T-1 Data communications line capable of transmitting at speeds of 1.54 Mbps. 

T-3 Data communications line capable of transmitting at speeds of 45 Mbps. 

Tag The format code used to make up part of an HTML element; for example, 

the TITLE element has a start tag, and an end tag. 

TCP/IP The protocol used to connect two computers, and it is the foundation of 

the Internet. The Internet is TCP/IP, and usually it is implemented on top

of UNIX, except at the final desktop destination, where it might be on a 

Windows PC, a DOS PC, or a Mac. 

Telnet A protocol for sharing information across networks using a technique for 

terminal emulation; appears as if user is "logged in" to remote computer. 

Terabyte 1000 gigabytes. 

Themes In Microsoft FrontPage 98, Themes provide a consistent look throughout a 

website. More than 50 professionally designed thematic templates include 

backgrounds, fonts, page headers, and navigation buttons. 

Threads In a discussion group or mailing list, a message thread is a series of e-mail 

responses to a particular subject strung together as in "following the 

thread". 

TIA (The Internet Adapter) A product that emulates a SLIP or PPP connection 

over a serial line, allowing shell users to run a SLIP/PPP session through a 

Unix dialup account. "TIA" is also used informally as an abbreviation for 

"Thanks in advance". 

Transaction processing Taking orders (usually via a secure procedure) and processing credit card 

transactions. 

Trojan Horse A computer program which carries within itself a means to allow the 

program's creator access to the system using it. 

Troll A term used to define a public message (either on a USENET newsgroup 

or other public message board on an online service) that is posted for the 

sole purpose of offending people and/or generating an enormous flood of 

non-topic replies. TTFN - Ta-Ta For Now 

UCE Unsolicited Commercial E-mail, or another term for SPAM 

Upload Copying files from your own computer onto another computer over a 

communications link. 

UPP (Universal Payment Preamble) Internet payment negotiation protocol that 

is an extension to HTTP. 

Urban Legend A story, which may have started with a grain of truth, that has been 

embroidered and retold until it has passed into the realm of myth. Is an 

interesting phenomenon that these stories become spread so far, so fast and 

so often. Examples of Urban Legends relating to the Internet include "The 

Infamous Modem Tax", "Craig Shergold/Brain Tumor Get Well Cards", 

and "The Good Times Virus". 

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) The scheme for addressing on the Web; a 

URL identifies a resource on the Web. 

Usenet A system for disseminating asynchronous text discussion among 

cooperating computer hosts; the Usenet discussion space is divided into 

newsgroups, each on a particular topic or subtopic. 

userID A compression of "user identification"; the userID always proceeds the @ 

sign in an email address. 

Username A username consists of 1 to 8 characters, and only uses numbers 0 through 

9 and the 26 alphabet letters. Usernames do not have spaces. usernames 

are the first part of an e-mail address: username@xcellweb.com. You must 

have a username and a services password to log in to a mailbox. 

UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Command Protocol) This was initially a program run 

under the Unix operating system that allowed one Unix system to send 

files to another Unix system via dialup phone lines. Today, the term is 

more commonly used to describe the large international network, which 

uses the UUCP protocol to pass news and electronic mail. 

UUdecoding The restoration of uuencoded data to its original form. 

UUencode (Unix to Unix Encoding) A process used to convert binary files (graphics) 

to ASCII (text) so that they can be transmitted across the Internet via an 

e-mail attachment.

Veronica A service that maintains an index of titles of items on gopher servers, and 

provides keyword searches of those titles. 

Domain name Enabling clients to have their own domain name in the form of 

www.companyname.com (Xcellweb registers the new domain on behalf of 

the client). 

Virtual LAN A logical vs. a physical (wired) LAN made up of workgroups and 

individuals brought together for a particular project with most member's 

location being apart from the others. 

Virus A program that when loaded infects, alters or destroys other programs. 

Some virus programs cause major trouble and some are nothing more than 

annoying pranks. 

VR (Virtual Reality) A place or event that exists only in cyberspace but is 

programmed to have the appearance of a real experience. 

VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) A specification for three-dimensional 

rendering used in conjunction with Web browsers. 

Xcellweb Secure Key Allows Customers to transmit creitical data such as credit card information 

securely over the Internet using Xcellweb SSL Certificate Key 

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium - http://www.w3.org/) An international 

industry consortium committed to developing public protocols for the 

World Wide Web. Currently, the W3C is contemplating HTML 4.0 specs 

including XML, digital signatures and they are the developers of the Joint 

Electronic Payment Initiative (JEPI) 

WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers) A distributed information service which 

offers simple natural language input, indexed searching for fast retrieval 

and a "relevance feedback" mechanism which allows the results of initial 

searches to influence future searches. Public domain implementations are 

available. See also: Archie, Gopher, Veronica. 

WAN Wide Area Network. A communications network which connects 

geographically dispersed users. 

Weaving The act of creating and linking Web pages. 

Web Trends Report A detailed report with graphical statistics on your site visitors generated 

buy the famous package WebTrends . See also http://www.webtrends.com 

WAV Pronounced "wave", an audio file used extensively on the Internet and in 

computer software programs. (i.e.: filename.wav) 

Web A set of hypertext pages that is considered a single work; typically, a 

single web is created by cooperating authors or an author and deployed on 

a single server with links to other servers; a subset of the Web. 

Web (World Wide Web) A hypertext information and communication system 

popularly used on the Internet computer network with data 

communications operating according to a client/server model. Web clients 

(browsers) can access multi-protocol and hypermedia information (where 

appropriate multimedia helper applications are available for the browser) 

using an addressing scheme. 

Web server Software that provides the services to web clients. 

WebBots See robots. 

Website A collection of web pages or a domain on the World Wide Web 

Webutize A new slang term, putting a business on the Web. 

Whois An Internet program which allows users to query a database of people and 

other Internet entities, such as domains, networks and hosts. 

Windows A computer operating system developed by Microsoft providing graphical 

user interface and multitasking capabilities. 

Windows CE A new operating system for PDAs and handheld devices which is basically 

a scaled down version of Win95. 

Winsock Industry standard specifying how TCP/IP-based network applications

should communicate with TCP/IP protocol software. 

Wizards Software "question and answer applications" that perform a function after 

presenting the user with selectable options. A set-up wizard may ask, "Do 

you want white or black text" or "Do you want fries with your order". 

Worm A computer program, which replicates itself and is self-propagating. 

Worms, as opposed to viruses, are meant to spawn in network 

environments. Network worms were first defined by Shoch and Hupp of 

Xerox in ACM Communications (March 1982). The Internet worm of 

November 1988 is perhaps the most famous; it successfully propagated 

itself on over 6,000 systems across the Internet. See also: Trojan Horse, 

Virus. 

WS-FTP A file transfer program that is used to upload/download files and text to 

your Web Site. Designed for non-programmers but sophisticated enough 

for power users, WS_FTP Pro is widely recognized as the fastest, most 

powerful Windows file transfer client application available. 

WWW The World Wide Web. The WWW is a global network of HTML based 

documents that allow visual and interactive communication to take place. 

A Home Page or a Web Page is part of this World Wide Web. 

WYSIWYG An acronym for What You See is What You Get. Pronounced 

"whizzy-wig". 

Xanadu under development since the1960s, Xanadu is the original hypertext and 

interactive multimedia program. 

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) like HTML, is an outgrowth of SGML that 

permits developers to control and display data in the same way they 

control text and graphics today. XML is not a replacement for HTML. 

X Window System A windowing system supporting graphical user interfaces to applications. 

YAHOO An acronym for Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle, and Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com/ was one of the first 

and remains as one of the best Internet search engines. 

YP (Yellow Pages) A service used by Unix administrators to manage 

databases distributed across a network. Now known as NIS (Network Information Services). 

Zine As in magazine, a (usually) free Internet publication. 

Zip A type of file compression used most often on the Internet. The file extension for a zipped file is .ZIP.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

The MIPS Project - MAD 

AOT Astronomical Observation Template 

BOA Beginning Of Activity 

BOT Beginning Of Track 

CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems 

CDR Central Data Recorder (Records the downlink data at TMOD.) 

CDR Critical Design Review 

CIDS Critical Item Development Specification 

CLCW Command Link Control Word 

CMLB Ceramic Multi-Layer Board 

CTA Cryogenic Telescope Assembly (SIRTF without instruments and spacecraft.) 

CTF 

CTIA Capacitive Feedback Transimpedance Amplifier 

DB Database 

DCE Data Collection Event 

DQE Detective Quantum Efficiency 

DSCC 

DSN 

EEIS 

EOA End Of Activity 

EOT End Of Track 

EOT Engineering Observation Template (Communicate engineering data to S/C.) 

ERT Earth Relative Time 

ESD Electrostatic Discharge 

ESDS Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive 

FPA Focal Plane Array 

FPM Focal Plane Module 

FRR Facility Requirements Review 

FSRR 

FSW Flight Software 

GO 

GTO Guaranteed Time Observer (A big cheese that does nor need a proposal. ) 

HK Housekeeping 

HST Hubble Space Telescope (Lot of money in the sky.) 

ICD Interface Control Document 

IOC In-Orbit Checkout 

IRAC Infrared Array Camera (One of three instruments on SIRTF.) 

IRAS Infrared Astronomy Satellite (The granddad of SIRTF.) 

IRD Interface Requirement Document 

IRS Infrared Spectrograph (One of three instruments on SIRTF.) 

IRS Internal Revenue Service (Not really part of SIRTF, we hope.) 

ISO Infrared Space Observatory (A poor man's SIRTF. On the other hand it is in space and not on paper.) 

IT Instrument Team (MIPS, IRS, IRAC) 

IUE International Ultraviolet Explorer (Almost dead now.) 

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory 

LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 

MDIRD Mission Data Interface Requirements Document (Who talks to whom?) 

MDS Mission Data System 

MGSO 

MIPS Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF (The best of SIRTF) 

MIPS Multimission Image Processing System (Not related to SIRTF!!!)

MMNAV 

MOC Mission Operations Center 

MOS Mission Operations System 

MRR Mission Requirements Request 

MTF Modulation Transfer Function 

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

NRA 

ORR Observatory Requirements Review 

PCS Pointing Control System (What are we looking at? and When?) 

PDR Preliminary Design Review 

PI Principal Investigator 

PMDSRR Preliminary Mission Data System Requirements Review 

QA Quality Assurance 

S/C (SIRTF without instruments and CTA) 

SAO Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 

SBRC Santa Barbara Research Center 

SCET Spacecraft Event Time 

SCLK Spacecraft Clock 

SDT SIRTF Design Team 

SIRTF Space Infrared Telescope Facility 

SOC Science Operations Center (IPAC) 

SOE 

SOS Science Operations System 

SOWG Science Operations Working Group 

TBA To Be Announced 

TBD To Be Determined, Delivered, Designed, Developed, ... (We don't know this yet.) 

TBR To Be Resolved 

TMOD Telecommunication and Mission Operations Directorate (The antennae.) 

TXR Transmitter 

UC University of California 

UC User Community 

UTCS Universal Time Coordinate System

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

Leviton Manuf. - Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 

A 

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. ATM is a high band-width, 

low delay, packet-like switching and multiplexing tech-nique. 

Usable capacity is segmented into fixed-size cells, 

consisting of header and information fields. 

Attenuation The decrease in the power of a signal, light 

beam, or light wave. Measured in decibels. Opposite of gain. 

AWG American Wire Gauge. Standard measuring gauge for 

non-ferrous conductors (i.e., non-iron and non-steel). Gauge is 

a measure of the diameter of the conductor (the thickness of the 

cable). 

B 

Backbone Wiring The physical/electrical interconnections 

between telecommunications closets and equipment rooms. 

Cross-connect hardware and cabling in the Main and Interme-diate 

Cross-Connects are considered part of the backbone 

wiring. 

Bandwidth The difference between the highest and the 

lowest frequencies of a transmission channel (path for infor-mation 

transmission). Identifies the amount of data that can be 

sent through a given channel. Measured in Hertz (Hz); higher 

bandwidth numbers mean higher data capacity. 

BICSI (Building Industry Consulting Service International) 

Bicsi is a non-profit industry association, concerned with 

promoting correct methods for all aspects of the installation of 

communications wiring. 

Bus A network topology in which nodes are connected to a 

single cable with terminations at each end. 

C 

Channel The end-to-end transmission path between two 

points at which application-specific equipment is connected. 

CO Central Office. Telephone company facility where sub-scribers’ 

lines are joined to switching equipment for connection 

to each other, locally and long distance. Sometimes the same 

as the overseas term “public exchange”. 

Coaxial Cable A cable composed of an insulated central 

conducting wire wrapped in another cylindrical conductor (the 

shield). The whole thing is usually wrapped in another insulat-ing 

layer and an outer protective layer. A coaxial cable has 

great capacity to carry vast quantities of information. It is 

typically used in high-speed data and CATV applications. 

Compliance A wiring device that meets all characteristics of 

a standard is said to be in compliance with that standard. 

Example: a data jack meeting all of the physical, electrical & 

transmission standards for TIA-568A Category 5 is compliant 

with that standard. See also Device and Performance. 

Conductor Any substance, usually a wire or cable, that can 

carry (i.e., offer a relatively small opposition to the passage of) 

an electrical current. 

Connecting Block Also called a terminal block, a punch-down 

block, a quick-connect block, a crossconnect block. A 

plastic block containing metal wiring terminals to establish 

connections from one group of wires to another. Usually each 

wire can be connected to several other wires in a bus or 

common arrangement. There are several types of connecting 

blocks: 66 clip, BIX, Krone, 110, etc. A connecting block has 

insulation displacement connections (IDCs), which means you 

don’t have to remove insulation from around the wire conductor 

before you “punch it down” (terminate it).

Connector A device that connects wires or fibers in cable to 

equipment or other wires or fibers. Wire and optical connectors 

most often join transmission media to equipment or cross 

connects. A connector at the end of a telephone cable or wire 

is used to join that cable to another cable with a mating 

connector or to some other telecommunications device. 

Crossconnect Distribution system equipment used to ter-minate 

and administer communication circuits. In a wire 

crossconnect, jumper wires or patch cords are used to make 

circuit connections. In an optical crossconnect, fiber patch 

cords are used. The crossconnect is located in an equipment 

room, riser closet, or satellite closet. 

Crosstalk See Near-End Crosstalk. 

D 

Daisy Chain In telecommunications, a wiring method where 

each telephone jack in a building is wired in series from the 

previous jack. Daisy chain is NOT the preferred wiring method, 

since a break in the wiring would disable all jacks "downstream" 

from the break. See also Home Run. 

dB (Decibel). A dB is a unit of measure of signal strength, 

usually the relation between a transmitted signal and a stan-dard 

signal source. Every 3 dB = 50% of signal strength, so 

therefore a 6 dB loss = a loss of 75% of total signal strength. 

Demarcation Point The point of interconnection between 

telephone company facilities and your building wiring. The 

demarcation point ("demarc") shall be located on the subscriber’s 

side of the telephone company’s protector, or the equivalent 

thereof in cases where a protector is not required. 

Device As distinguished from equipment. In telecommuni-cations, 

a “device” is the physical interconnection outlet. Equip-ment 

(a computer, phone, fax machine, etc.) then plugs into the 

device. See also Equipment and Plug. 

Distribution Device A facility located within the dwelling 

unit for interconnection or cross connection. 

A-1. 

Drop Wire Outside wire pair(s) from the telco plant (cable), 

to a house or building for connection to a protector. 

DTMF Acronym for Dual Tone, Multi-Frequency. See Tone Dial. 

E 

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) The interference in 

signal transmission or reception caused by the radiation of 

electrical and magnetic fields. 

Equipment As distinguished from Device. Telecommunica-tions 

equipment (computers, phones, faxes, etc.) plug into the 

telecommunications outlet or device. See also Device. 

Ethernet A local area network used for connecting comput-ers, 

printers, workstations, terminals, etc. within the same build-ing. 

Ethernet operates over twisted pair wire and over coaxial 

cable at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Ethernet LANs are being 

promoted by DEC, Intel and Xerox. Compare with Token Ring. 

F 

FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface. FDDI is a 100 Mbps 

fiber optic LAN. It is an ANSI standard. It uses a “counter-rotated” 

Token ring topology. An FDDI LAN is typically known 

as a “backbone” LAN. It is used for joining file servers together 

and for joining other LANs together. 

G

Gain The increase in signaling power that occurs as the 

signal is boosted by an electronic device. Measured in 

decibels (dB). 

H 

Headroom (also called Overhead or Margin) The number 

of decibels by which a system exceeds the minimum defined 

requirements. The benefit of headroom is that it reduces the 

bit-error rate (BER), and provides a performance 'safety net' 

to help ensure that current and future high speed applications 

will run at peak accuracy, efficiency and throughput. 

Home Run Phone system wiring where the individual cables 

run from each phone directly back to the central switching 

equipment. Home run cabling can be thought of as “star” 

cabling. Every cable radiates out from the central equipment. 

All PBXs and virtually all key systems work on home run cabling. 

Some local area networks work on home run wiring. See also 

Star Wiring, Daisy Chain. 

Hub The point on a network where a bunch of circuits are 

connected. Also, a switching node. In Local Area Networks, a 

hub is the core of a star as in ARCNET, StarLAN, Ethernet, and 

Token Ring. Hub hardware can be either active or passive. 

Wiring hubs are useful for their centralized management capa-bilities 

and for their ability to isolate nodes from disruption. 

Hybrid Connector A connector containing both optical fiber 

and electrical conductors. 

I 

Insulation Displacement Connection (IDC) A type of wire 

A-2 

termination in which the wire is “punched down” into a metal 

holder which cuts into the insulation wire and makes contact 

with the conductor, thus causing the electrical connection to be 

made. 

IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame. A metal rack designed 

to connect cables and located in an equipment room or closet. 

Consists of components that provide the connection between 

inter-building cabling and the intra-building cabling, i.e. be-tween 

the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) and individual phone 

wiring. There’s usually a permanent, large cable running be-tween 

the MDF and IDF. The changes in wiring are done at the 

IDF. This saves confusion in wiring. 

IEEE 802.3 IEEE stands for the Institute of Electrical and 

Electronic Engineers, a publishing and standards-making body 

responsible for many standards used in LANs, including the 

802 series. Ethernet and StarLan both follow the 802.3 stan-dard. 

Typically they transmit at 10 megabits per second. This 

is the most common local area network specification. 

Impedance The total opposition (i.e. resistance and reac-tance) 

a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current. It is 

measured in ohms, and the lower the ohmic value, the better the 

quality of the conductor. 

Interconnect 1. A circuit administration point, other than a 

crossconnect or an information outlet, that provides capability for 

routing and rerouting circuits. It does not use patch cords or 

jumper wires, and typically is a jack-and-plug device used in 

smaller distribution arrangements or that connects circuits in 

large cables to those in smaller cables. 2. An Interconnect 

Company is one which sells, installs, and maintains telephone 

systems for end users, typically businesses. 

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network. According to AT&T, 

today’s public switched phone network has many limitations; 

ISDN’s vision is to overcome these deficiencies.

J 

Jack A receptacle used in conjunction with a plug to make 

electrical contact between communication circuits. Jacks and 

their associated plugs are used in a variety for connecting 

hardware applications including cross connects, interconnects, 

information outlets, and equipment connections. Jacks are used 

to connect cords or lines to telephone systems. A jack is the 

female component of a plug/jack connector system, and may be 

standard, modified, or keyed. See also Plug and RJ. 

L 

LAN Local Area Network. A short distance network (typically 

within a building or campus) used to link together computers 

and peripheral devices (such as printers) under some form of 

standard control. 

Link A transmission path between two points, not including 

terminal equipment, work area cables and equipment cables. 

Loop 1. Typically a complete electrical circuit. 2. The loop is 

also the pair of wires that winds its way from the central office 

to the telephone set or system at the customer’s office, home or 

factory (i.e., 'premises' in telephony terms).. 

M 

Mbps MegaBits Per Second. One million bits per second. 

MDF Main Distribution Frame. A wiring arrangement which 

connects the telephone lines coming from outside on one side 

and the internal lines on the other. A main distribution frame may 

also carry protective devices as well as function as a central 

testing point. 

MHz MegaHertz. A unit of frequency denoting one million 

Hertz (i.e., 1,000,000 cycles per second). 

MMJ Modified Modular Jack. A six-wire modular jack with 

the locking tab shifted off to the right hand side. Used in the DEC 

wiring system. 

Modular Equipment is said to be modular when it is made of 

“plug-in units” which can be added together to make the 

system larger, improve the capabilities, or expand its size. 

Multimedia Applications that communicate information by 

more than one means. 

N 

Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT) Electrical noise coupled from 

one pair of wires to another within a multi-pair cable. 

Network A network ties things together. Computer networks 

connect all types of computers and computer- related things— 

terminals, printers, modems, door entry sensors, temperature 

monitors, etc. The networks we’re most familiar with are long 

distance ones, like phones and trains. Local Area Networks 

(LANs) connect computer equipment within a building or campus. 

O 

Off-Hook When the handset is lifted from its cradle, it’s off-hook. 

The term originated when the early handsets were 

actually suspended from a metal hook on the phone. In modern 

phones, when the handset is removed from its hook or cradle, 

it completes the electrical loop, thus signaling the central office 

to provide dial tone. 

On-Hook When the phone handset is resting in its cradle. The 

phone is not connected to any particular line. Only the bell is 

active—i.e., it will ring if a call comes in. Opposite of Off-Hook. 

Open (Fault) Means that the circuit is not complete or the

cable/fiber is broken. 

Outlet A telecommunications outlet is a single-piece cable 

termination assembly (typically on the floor or in the wall), 

containing one or more modular telecom jacks. Such jacks 

might be RJs, coaxial terminators, fiber optic couplers, etc. See 

also Device and Equipment. 

P 

Part 68 Requirements Specifications established by the 

FCC as the minimum acceptable protection communications 

equipment must provide the telephone network. 

Patching A means of connecting circuits via cords and 

connectors that can be easily disconnected and reconnected 

at another point. May be accomplished by using modular cords 

connected between jack fields or by patch cord assemblies 

that plug onto connecting blocks. 

PBX Private Branch Exchange. A small, privately-owned 

version of the phone company’s larger telephone central 

switching office. 

Performance Compare with Compliance. A device can 

exhibit performance characteristics without being compliant to 

an industry standard. 

Plug A male component of a plug/jack connector system. In 

premises wiring, a plug provides the means for a user to 

connect communications equipment to the communications 

outlet. 

Polarity Which side of an electrical circuit is the posi-tive? 

Which is the negative? Polarity is the term describing 

which is which. 

POTS Plain Old Telephone Service. The basic service 

supplying standard single line telephones, telephone lines 

and access to the public switched network. Just receive and 

place calls. No added features like Call Waiting or Call 

Forwarding. 

Power Sum A test method for four pair cable whereby the 

mathematical sum of pair-to-pair crosstalk from three pairs 

to one pair is measured. 

Premises Telephony term for the space occupied by a 

customer or authorized/joint user in a building(s) on continu-ous 

or contiguous property (except railroad rights of way, 

etc.) not separated by a public road or highway. 

Premises Wiring System The entire wiring system on the 

user’s premises, especially the supporting wiring that con-nects 

the communications outlets to the network interface jack. 

R 

RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company. Seven RBOCs 

exist, each of which owns two or more Bell Operating Com-panies 

(BOCs). The RBOCs were carved out of the old AT&T/ 

Bell System during the divestiture of the Bell operating 

companies from AT&T in 1984. 

RCDD The RCDD (Registered Communications Distri-bution 

Designer) title is a professional rating granted by 

BICSI (the Building Industry Consulting Service Interna-tional). 

RCDDs have demonstrated a superior level of knowl-edge 

of the telecommunications wiring industry and asso-ciated 

disciplines. 

Return Loss A measure of the similarity of the impedance 

of a transmission line and the impedance at its terminations. 

It is a ratio, expressed in decibels, of the power of the 

outgoing signal to the power of the signal reflected back. 

Ring As in Tip and Ring. One of the two wires needed to set 

up a telephone connection. See Tip. 

RJ Registered Jack. RJs are telephone and data jacks/ 

applications registered with the FCC. Numbers, like RJ-11, 

RJ-45, etc. are widely misused in the telecommunications

industry. A much more precise way to identify a jack is to 

specify the number of positions (width of opening) and 

number of conductors. Example: "8-position, 8-conductor 

jack" or "6-position, 4-conductor jack".. 

A-4 

S 

Series Wiring See Daisy Chain. 

Service Loop When a device is terminated to the wire in 

the communications outlet, a fair amount of “slack” should 

be left on the wire and wound in the box to accommodate 

future trimming when devices are changed out. 

Splice The joining of two or more cables together by 

connecting the conductors pair-to-pair. 

Standards Agreed principles of protocol. Standards 

are set by committees working under various trade and 

international organizations. 

Star Wiring See Home Run. 

T 

T1 A standard for digital transmission in North 

America. A digital transmission link with a capacity of 

1.544 Mbps (1,544,000 bits per second.) T1 lines are used 

for connecting networks across remote distances. Bridges 

and routers are used to connect LANs over T1 networks. 

Talk Battery The DC voltage supplied by the central 

office to the subscriber’s loop so as to allow you to have a 

voice conversation. 

Telco An Americanism for TELephone COmpany. 

Ten Base-T See10Base-T at end of Glossary. 

Terminate To connect a wire conductor to something, 

typically a piece of equipment. 

Tip 1.Ê The first wire in a pair of wires. (The second wire is 

called the “ring” wire.) 2.Ê A conductor in a telephone cable 

pair which is usually connected to positive side of a battery 

at the telco. It is the phone industry’s equivalent of Ground 

in a normal electrical circuit. See Ring. 

Tone Dial A push-button telephone dial that makes a 

different sound (in fact, a combination of two tones) for 

each number pushed. The technically correct name for 

tone dial is Dual Tone Multi Frequency, or DTMF. 

Token Ring A ring topology for a local area network 

(LAN) in which a supervisory frame, or token, must be 

received by an attached terminal or workstation before that 

terminal or workstation can start transmitting. The worksta-tion 

with the token then transmits and uses the entire 

bandwidth of whatever communications media the token 

ring network is using. 

A token ring can be wired as a circle or a star, with the 

workstations wired to a central wiring center, or to multiple 

wiring centers. The most common wiring scheme is called 

a star-wired ring. Whatever the wiring, a token ring LAN 

always works logically as a circle, with the token passing 

around the circle from one workstation to another. 

The advantage of token ring LANs is that media faults 

(broken cable) can be fixed easily, since it’s easy to isolate 

the faults. Token rings are typically installed in centralized 

closets, with loops snaking to served workstations. 

Topology As in network topology. The geometric physical 

or electrical configuration describing a local communication 

network; the shape or arrangement of a system. The most 

common topologies are the bus, ring and star. 

TP-PMD Twisted Pair - Physical Media Dependent. 

Technology under review by the ANSI X3T9.5 working group 

that allows 100 Mbps transmission over twisted-pair cable. 

Twisted Pair Two insulated copper wires twisted around

each other to reduce induction (thus interference) from one 

wire to the other. The twists, or lays, are varied in length to 

reduce the potential for signal interference between pairs. 

Several sets of twisted pair wires may be enclosed in a single 

cable. In cables greater than 25 pairs, the twisted pairs are 

grouped and bound together. 

U 

UL Underwriters Laboratories, a privately owned company 

that tests to make sure that products meet safety standards. 

UL also administers a program for the certification of Cat-egory- 

Rated Cable. 

USOC Universal Service Order Code. An old Bell system 

term identifying a particular service or equipment offered 

under tariff. 

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair. See Twisted Pair. 

W 

Workstation The working area in a building required by 

one telecommunications user. Industry standards call for one 

voice drop and one data drop for each workstation. The voice 

drop is one 4-pair unshielded twisted pair (UTP). The data 

drop may be 10 4-pair UTP, 15 2-pair shielded twisted 

pair (STP), or optical fiber. 

10BASE-T 

An IEEE standard for operating Ethernet local area networks 

(LANs) on twisted-pair cabling using the homerun method of 

wiring (exactly the same as a phone system does), and a 

wiring hub which will contain electronics performing similar 

functions to a telephone switch. 

The full name for the standard is IEEE 802.3 10Base-T. It 

defines the requirement for sending information at 10 million 

bits per second on ordinary unshielded twisted-pair cabling 

and defines various aspects of running Ethernet on this 

cabling, such as: 

Connector types (typically eight-pin RJ-45) 

Pin connections (1 and 2 for transmit, 3 and 6 for receive. 

100BASE-T Provides one gigabit per second ethernet over 

4 pair Category 5 cabling up to 100 meters. 

1000BASE-T Provides 100 mbps per second ethernet over 

2 pairs of Category 5 cabling up to 100 meters. 

CATEGORY 5 APPLICATION SUMMARY 

Though not an actual application, Category 5 is a structured wiring system standard which many other applications and 

emerging standards require for proper operation. 

The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) established standards for building cabling with the publication of the TIA/ 

EIA 568 Commercial Building Wiring Standard. Subsequently, the TIA issued TSB-36 and TSB-40 (Technical Service Bulletins) 

which defined the category rating system as it applies to UTP cabling and connectors. Category 5 extended the characteriza-tion 

of the wiring system to 100 MHz. The TIA has developed a revision of TIA/EIA-568 which incorporated the TSBs into the 

main body of the standard, now called TIA/EIA-568A. Leviton QuickPort ® and InfoTap ® Category 5 products fully meet the 

requirements of TIA/EIA-568A for category compliance. 

Note: For a fully TIA/ EIA-568A Category 5 compliant network system, all components must be rated Category 5 and be correctly 

installed to either the T568A or T568B wiring scheme with all pairs terminated. 

10BASE-T (ETHERNET) APPLICATION SUMMARY 

IEEE 802.3 defines the standard for 10Base-T (Ethernet) communications over unshielded twisted pair (UTP) for local area 

networks as both a physical link and a data link protocol. A minimum Category 3 cabling system must be installed to insure the 

proper operation of 10Base-T networks: most users now choose to upgrade their cabling infrastructure to higher levels of 

performance. The physical connection described in IEEE 802.3 for network connection is an 8-position modular jack (see 

diagram page C-1). Note that any system fully wired to either T568A or T568B wiring schemes will support 

10Base-T applications.

TOKEN RING APPLICATION SUMMARY 

IEEE 802.5 defines the Token Ring topology as a baseband network where a supervisory frame or token passes from PC to PC, 

allowing each PC in turn to transmit over the entire bandwidth of the network. The most common cabling scheme is a "star-wired 

ring" where each PC is connected in a star fashion to a centrally located MAU (Multistation Access Unit) which automati-cally 

"heals" the ring if one PC is turned off or its cable is broken. Operating at either 4 or 16 Mbps, it is common to use 

Category 3 UTP at a minimum (for 4 Mbps Token Ring); UTP rated at least Category 4 is required for 16 Mbps Token Ring, with 

most owners opting to upgrade to Category 5. 

ATM (ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE) APPLICATION SUMMARY 

ATM is a high-bandwidth, "high-speed" packet-like switching and multiplexing technique, initially proposed for data rates up to 

155 Mbps and higher. Data encoding methods allow higher data bit rates at lower frequencies (e.g. 155 Mbps can run over 

100Mhz rated cable.) The proposed cabling media are Category 3, Category 5 and multimode fiber. Category 5 cabling 

systems are recommended as they will meet all UTP-based proposals emerging from the ATM Forum. (The ATM proposals are 

being developed by a forum of over 120 application/hardware suppliers.) 

OTHER REFERENCE SOURCES 

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) 

ASTM (American Society of Test Measurement) 

Bellcore 

PUB 48007, Technical Reference, Inside Wiring 

Cable (3 to 125 Pair Sizes) 

BICSI (Building Industry Consulting Services 

International) 

8610 Hidden River Parkway 

Tampa, FL 33637-1000 

(800) 242-7405 

(813) 971-4311 (FAX) 

www.bicsi.org 

CEDIA (Custom Electronic Design & 

Installation Association) 

(800) 669-5329 

www.cedia.com 

ECSA (Exchange Carriers Standards 

Association) 

Report No.5, A Technical Report on Carrier to 

Customer Installation Interface Connector Wiring 

Configuration Catalog 

EIA/CEMA (Electronic Industries Association) 

HAA (Home Automation Association) 

IBM 

GA27-3773-1, IBM Cabling System Technical 

Interface Specification ICEA (Insulated Cable Engineers 

Association) 

ICEA S-80-576, ICEA Standard for Communications 

Wire and Cable for Wiring of Premises 

ISO/IEC (International Organization for 

Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission) 

ISO 8877, Information Processing Systems, Interface 

Connector and Contact Assignments for ISDN Basic 

Access Interface Located at Reference Points S and T 

ITU/CCITT (International Telecommunications 

Union/ International Telegraph and Telephone 

Consultative Committee) 

Blue Book 

ORDERING INFORMATION 


Sales Department 


11 West 42nd St 13th Floor 

New York, NY 10036 

Web Site: www.ansi.org 

(212) 642-4900 

(212) 302-1286 (FAX) 

American Society of Test Measurement (ASTM)

1916 Race Street 

Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187 

(215) 299-5585 

(215) 977-9679 (FAX) 

Bellcore 

Bellcore Customer Service 

8 Corporate Place 

Piscataway, NJ 08854-4196 

Web Site: www.bellcore.org 

(800) 521-CORE (2673) 

(732) 336-2559 (FAX) 


Standards Sales 


178 Rexdale Blvd. 

Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario 

Canada M9W 1R3 

Web Site: www.csa.ca 

(416) 747-4044 

(416) 747-2475 (FAX) 

Department of Communications (Canada) 

See Canadian Standards Association 

CONTACT 

INFORMATION 

For technical information, call 1 (800) 722-2082 For product information, call 1 (800) 922-6229 website: www.levitontelcom.com e-mail: info@levitontelcom.com 

Exchange Carriers Standards Association 

Exchange Carriers Standards Association 

5430 Grosvenor Lane 

Bethesda, MD 20814 

Federal Communications Commission 

U.S. Government Printing Office 

Superintendent of Documents 

Mail Stop SSOP 

Washington, DC 20402-9328 

Web Site: www.fcc.gov 

(888) 225-5322 

(202) 418-0232 (FAX) 

Global Engineering 

(800) 854-7179 / (800) 624-3974 

Web Site: www.global.ihs.com 


18201B Mc Durmott West 

Irvine, CA 92714 

(714) 474-3933 

(714) 474-4066 (FAX) 


15 Inverness Way East 

Englewood, CO 80112 

(303) 393-2573 

(303) 397-2740 (FAX) 


7730 Carondelet Avenue 

Clayton, MO 63105 

(314) 726-0444 

(314) 726-6418 (FAX) 


1990 M Street N.W. 

Washington, DC 20036 

(202) 429-2860 

(202) 331-0960 (FAX) 

IBM 

IBM Publications 

P.O. Box 9046 

Boulder, CO 80301-9191 

(800) 879-2755 

(800) 284-4727 (FAX) 

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IEEE Service Center 

445 Hoes Lane 

PO Box 1331 

Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 

Web Site: www.ieee.org 

(800) 678-4333 

(732) 981-0027 (FAX) 

Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc. 

PO Box 440 

South Yarmouth, MA 02664 

Web Site: www.electricnet.com 

(508) 394-4424 

(508) 394-1194 (FAX) 

International Organization for 

Standardization/International 

Electrotechnical Commission 

See Global Engineering or Phillips Business Info. 

International Telecommunications Union/ 

International Telegraph and Telephone 

Consultative Committee 

See Global Engineering or Phillips Business Info. 

National Fire Protection Agency 

National Fire Protection Agency 

Batterymarch Park 

Quincy, MA 02269 

Web Site: www.opc.com 

Phillips Business Info. 

(Formerly Omnicom) 

1201 Seven Locks Road, Ste 300 

Potomac, MD 20854 

Web Site: www.phillips.com 

(301) 424-3338 

(800) 777-5006 

(301) 309-3847 (FAX) 

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) 

See Global Engineering 

Underwriters Laboratories 

Corporate Progress 

333 Pfingsten Road 

Northbrook, IL 60062-2096 

Web Site: www.ul.com 

(847) 272-8800 

(847) 272-8129 (FAX) 

NOTES.============================================================================== 

InterNIC Information Services Hotline: 800-444-4345 

General Atomics (GA) Email: info@is.internic.net 

P.O. Box #85608 Phone: 619-455-4600 

San Diego, CA 92186-9784 FAX: 619-455-4640 

==============================================================================

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

BABEL 

A LISTING OF COMPUTER ORIENTED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 

Date Updated: 10/20/93 Version 93C 

AA Auto Answer 

AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] 

AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package 

AAT Average Access Time 

ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating 

machine that used vacuum tubes) 

ABEND Abnormal End 

ABI Application Binary Interface 

ABIOS Advanced BIOS 

ABS Absolute 

ABT Abort 

AC Automatic Computer + Alternating Current 

ACC Accumulator 

ACD Automated Call Distribution 

ACE Advanced Computing Environment [SCO] + 

Adverse Channel Enhancements [Microcom] + 

* Automatic Computing Engine 

ACF Access Control Field + Advanced Communications Function 

ACIAS Automated Calibration Internal Analysis System 

ACIS American Committee for Interoperable Systems 

ACK Acknowledgment 

ACL Access Control List 

ACM Association for Computing Machinery 

ACMS Application Control Management System 

ACP Ancillary Control Program + Auxillary Control Process 

ACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System 

ACS Access + Access Control Set + Access Control System + 

Asynchronous Communication Server 

ACU Automatic Calling Unit 

A/D Analog to Digital 

ADA Automatic Data Acquisitions + 

(Programming Language named after Agusta Ada Lovelace) 

ADC Adaptive Data Compression (protocol) [Hayes] + 

Add with Carry + Analog to Digital Converter 

ADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures 

ADF Automatic Document Feed 

.ADF Adapter Description File (file name extension) [IBM] 

ADI AutoCad Device Interface (driver) 

ADL Address Data Latch 

ADLAT Adaptive Lattice Filter 

ADMD Administrative Management Domain [X.400] 

.ADN Add In Utility (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] 

ADP Automatic Data Processing 

ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation 

ADR Address 

ADS Application Development Solutions [AT&T] + 

Application Development System + 

Automatic Distribution System 

ADSC Address Status Changed 

ADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release 

ADT Application Data Types 

ADU Automatic Dialing Unit 

AE Above or Equal 

AEB Analog Expansion Bus [Dialogic] 

AF Auxilary carry Flag 

AFC Automatic Font Change 

AFD Automatic File Distribution 

AFII Association for Font Information Interchange 

.AFM Adobe Font Metrics (file name extension) [Adobe Systems]

AGC Automatic Gain Control 

AI Analog Input + Artificial Intelligence 

AIA Applications Integration Architecture [DEC] 

AIIM Association for Information and Image Management 

AISB Association of Imaging Service Bureaus 

AISP Association of Information Systems Professionals 

AIX Advanced Interactive Executive [IBM] 

ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuits + Automatic Level Control 

ALE Address Latch Enable 

ALGOL Algorithmic Oriented Language (see IAL) 

ALR Advanced Logic Research, Inc. 

ALT Alternate (mode) 

ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit 

AMD Active Matrix Display + Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. 

AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture [Everex Systems] 

AMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory Assistance 

ANCOVA Analysis of Covariance 

ANI Automatic Number Identification 

ANOVA Analysis Of Variance 

ANSI American National Standards Institute 

AO Analog Output 

AOE Application Operating Environment [AT&T] 

AOS Add Or Subtract 

AP Adjunct Processor + Application Processor 

A/P Accounts Payable 

APA Adaptive Packet Assembly + 

All Points Addressable + 

Arithmetic Processing Accelerator 

APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report [IBM] 

APAREN Address Parity Enable [IBM] 

APCUG Association of PC User Groups 

API Application Program Interface + 

Application Programming Interface 

APL A Programming Language (Mathematics) 

APM Advanced Power Management [IBM OS2] 

.APP Application (file name extension) [R:Base] 

APPC Advanced Program-to-Program 

Communication (protocol) [IBM] 

APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer Internetworking 

APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking [IBM] 

APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification 

APSE ADA Programming Support Environment 

APT Address Pass Through + 

Automatically Programmed Tools 

A/R Accounts Receivable 

.ARC Archive (file name extension) 

ARCA Advanced RISC Computing Architecture 

ARCnet Attached Resource Computer Network 

ARL Adjusted Ring Length 

ARLL Advanced Run Length Limited 

ARM Asynchronous Response Mode 

ARMA Association of Records Managers and Administrators 

ARP Address Resolution Protocol [Novell] 

ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency 

ARPL Adjust Requested Privilege Level 

ARTIC A Real-Time Interface Copressor [IBM] 

ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 

ARU Audio Response Unit 

ASAP As Soon As Possible + 

Automatic Switching And Processing 

AS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable 

.ASC ASCII text (file name extension) 

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 

ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit 

ASIT Advanced Security and Identification Technology

ASL Adaptive Speed Levelling 

.ASM Assembler Source Language (file name extension) 

ASP Association of Shareware Professionals 

ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface [Adaptec] 

ASPS Advanced Signal Processing System 

ASR Automatic Send-Receive + Automatic Speech Recognition 

AST AST Research, Inc. (named from first initials of the 

founders: Albert Wong, Safi Qureshey, Thomas Yuen) 

ASYNC Asynchronous 

AT Advanced Technology + Attention 

ATA AT Bus Attachment 

ATDP Attention Dial Pulse 

ATDT Attention Dial Tone 

ATE Automated Test Equipment 

ATG Advanced Technology Group 

ATH Attention Hang-Up 

ATM Adobe Typeface Manager + Asynchronous Transfer Mode + 

Automated Teller Machine 

ATR Automatic Terminal Recognition 

ATS Administrative Terminal System + 

Apple Terminal Services 

AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph 

ATTN Attention 

ATTRIB Attribute (also ATR) 

AUDIT Automated Data Input Terminal 

AUI Attached Unit Interface 

AUP Appropriate Use Policies [Internet] 

AUTO Automatic 

AUX Auxiliary + (First Serial Port) 

AVA Audio Visual Authoring [IBM] 

AVC Audio Visual Connection [IBM] 

AVG Average 

AVI Audio Visual Interleaved [Microsoft] 

AWG American Wire Gage 

AX Architecture Extended + Automatic Transmission 

BAK Binary Adaption Kit [Microsoft] 

.BAK Backup (file name extension) 

BAL Basic Assembly Language 

BAM Boyan Action Module 

BARTS Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing 

.BAS Basic Language (file name extension) 

BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code 

BASM Built-In Assembler 

.BAT Batch Processing (file name extension) 

BBS Bulletin Board System 

BCD Binary Coded Decimal 

BCL Batch Command Language 

BCP Bulk Copy Program 

BCPL Basic Computer Programming Language 

BCR Byte Count Register 

BDOS Basic Disk Operating System 

BE Below or Equal 

BEL Bell 

BELLCORE Bell Communications Research 

BERT Bit Error Rate Test/Tester 

BF Bad Flag 

B/F Background/Foreground 

BFT Binary File Transfer 

BGE Branch if Greater or Equal 

.BGI Borland Graphic Interface (file name extension) 

BGT Branch if Greater Than 

BHI Branch if Higher 

BHIS Branch if Higher or Same 

BI Binary Input 

.BIB Bibliography (file name extension)

BIM Beginning of Information Marker 

.BIN Binary (file name extension) 

BINAC * Binary Automatic Computer 

BIOS Basic Input/Output System 

BIS Business Information System 

BiSYNC (See BSYNC) 

BIT Binary Digit 

BITNET Because It's Time Network 

BIU Bus Interface Unit 

BIX Byte Information Exchange (BBS) 

.BK! Backup (file name extension) [WordPerfect] 

BKSP Backspace 

BL Backlit 

BLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission (protocol) 

[Communications Research Group] 

.BLD BASIC Bload Graphics (file name extension) 

BLE Branch if Less or Equal 

BLK Block 

BLMC Buried Logic Macrocell 

BLOB Binary Large Object 

BLOS Branch if Lower Or Same 

BMI Branch if Minus 

BMIC BusMaster Interface Controller [Intel] 

BMP Batch Message Processing Program 

.BMP Bitmap Graphics (file name extension) [Windows] [OS/2] 

BNE Branch if Not Equal 

BO Binary Output 

BoB Break-out Box 

BOM Beginning Of Message 

BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol [Internet] 

BORPQU Borland Pro Quattro 

BORQU Borland Quattro 

BOS Basic Operating System 

BOT Beginning Of Table + Beginning of Tape 

BP Base Pointer 

BPB BIOS Parameter Block 

BPI Bits Per Inch 

BPL Branch if Plus 

BPS Bits Per Second + Bytes Per Second 

BR Bad Register 

BRI Basic Rate Interface + Brain Response Interface 

BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method 

BSC Binary Synchronous Communication 

.BSC Boyan Script (file name extension) [Boyan Communications] 

BSCS Bachelor of Science (Degree) in Computer Science 

BSD Berkely Standard Distribution 

BSF Bit Scan Forward 

BSI British Standards Institute 

BSR Bit Scan Reverse 

BSV BASIC Bsave Graphics (file name extension) 

BSY Busy 

BSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications (protocol) 

BT Bit Test 

BTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method [IBM] 

BTB Branch Target Buffer 

BTC Bit Test and Complement 

BTP Batch Transfer Program 

BTR Bit Test and Reset 

BTS Bit Test and Set 

BUF Buffer 

BWM Block-Write Mode 

B2X Binary To Hexadecimal [REXX] 

BYTE Binary Element String 

C C Programming Language 

.C C source code (file name extension) [C]

CA Collision Avoidance 


CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting 

CAE Common Applications Environment + 

Computer Aided Engineering 

CAG Column Address Generator 

CAI Computer Aided Instruction 

CAL Calendar + Computer Aided Learning 

CAM Common Access Method + Computer Aided Manufacturing + 

Contents Addressable Memory 

CAN Cancel 

CAP Central Arbitration Point + 

Communication Application Platform + 

Computer Aided Publishing 

CAPD Computing To Assist Persons With Disabilities [Johns 

Hopkins University] 

CAPS Capitals (Upper Case Letters) + 

Cassette Programming System 

CAS Column Address Select + 

Communicating Applications Specification + 

Computer Aided Styling 

CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering 

CASL Crosstalk Application Scripting Language [DCA] 

CASS Computer Assisted Search Service 

CASSIS Classified and Search Support Information System 

CAT Computer Aided Testing + Computer Aided Tomography + 

Computer Aided Transcription + Concatenate 

.CAT Catalog (file name extension) 

CATS Computer Assisted Training System 

CATV Community Antenna Television 

CAV Constant Angular Velocity 

CBCR Channel Byte Count Register 

CBL Computer Based Learning 

.CBL COBOL source code (file name extension) 

CBT Computer Based Training 

CBW Convert Byte to Word 

CBX Computer-Controlled Branch Exchange 

CC Cluster Controller 

CCD Charged-Coupled Device 

CCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube 

CCITT Consultative Committee for International 

Telegraph and Telephone 

CCP Console Command Processor 

CCS Common Communications Support + 

Continuous Composite Servo 

CD Carrier Detect + Change Directory + 

Collision Detection + Color Display + Compact Disk 

C/D Control Data 

C2D Character To Decimal [REXX] 

CDA Compound Document Architecture [DEC] 

CDC Control Data Corporation 

CD_CHRDY Card Channel Ready [IBM] 

CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface 

CDE Complex Data Entry 

.CDF Comma Delimited Format (file name extension) 

CD-I Compact Disk - Interactive 

CDOS Concurrent Disk Operating System 

CDL Computer Design Language 

CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data 

CD-RDx Compact Disk - Read Only Memory Data Exchange Standard 

CD-ROM Compact Disk - Read Only Memory 

CDR Call Detail Record + Call Detail Recording 

CDRL Contract Data Requirements List 

CD-RTOS Compact Disk - Real Time Operating System 

CDS Current Directory Structure

CD-V Compact Disk - Video 

.CDX Compound Index (file name extension) [Fox Pro] 

CE Cache Enable + Chip Enable + Collision Elimination + 

Convert Enable 

CEG Continuous Edge Graphics 

CEI Conducted Electromagnetic Interference 

.CFG Configuration (file name extension) 

CFV Call For Votes [Bitnet] 

CGA Color Graphics Adapter 

CGI Computer Generated Images + 

Computer Graphics Interface 

.CGM Computer Graphics Metafile (file name extension) + 

Graph (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] 

CHAP Challenge Authentication Protocol (protocol) 

CHAR Character 

CHCK Channel Check 

CHCP Change Code Page [OS/2] 

CHGRP Change Group 

.CHK CHKDSK (file name extension) 

CHKDSK Check Disk 

CHMOD Change Mode 

CHOWN Change Owner 

CHP Chapter 

CHR Character 

CICS/VS Customer Information Control System/ 

Virtual Storage [IBM] 

CIM CompuServe Information Manager + 

Computer Integrated Manufacturing 

CIOCS Communication Input/Output Control System 

CIP Command Interface Port 

CIRC Circular Reference 

CIS CompuServe Information Service + 

Computer Information Systems 

CISC Complex Instruction Set Computing 

CIX Compulink Information Exchange 

CKD Count Key Data (device) 

CLAR Channel Local Address Register 

CLC Clear Carry Flag 

CLD Clear Direction Flag 

CLI Call-Level Interface + Clear Interrupt Flag + 

Command Line Interface 

CLIST Command List 

CLK Clock 

CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol 

.CLP Clipboard (file name extension) [Windows] 

CLS Clear Screen 

CLTS Clear Task Switch Flag 

CLV Constant Linear Velocity 

CM Centimeter + Control Mark + Corrective Maintenance 

CMA Concert Multi-thread Architecture 

CMC Communication Mangement Configuration + 

Complement Carry Flag 

.CMD Command (file name extension) 

CMIP Common Management Information Protocol 

CMIS Common Management Information System 

CML Current Mode Logic 

CMMU Cache/Memory Management Unit [Motorola] 

CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 

CMP Compare + Computer 

CMPS Compare word String 

CMS Code Management System + Compiler Monitor System + 

Conversation Monitor System 

CMY Cyan-Magenta-Yellow (color model) 

CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (color model) 

CNC Computerized Numerical Control

.CNF Configuration (file name extension) 

CNG Calling (tone) 

CNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet] 

CNV Conventional (pertaining to Memory) 

CNVT Convert 

CO Central Office + Command Output + Convert Out 

.COB COBAL source code (file name extension) 

COBOL Common Business-oriented Language (See HLL) 

.COD Code List (file name extension) 

CODASYL * Conference on Data System Languages (Group that 

designed COBOL) 

COEM Commercial Original Equipment Manufacturer 

COGO Coordinate Geometry (Programming Language) 

COL Collision + Computer Oriented Language 

.COM Command (file name extension) 

COMDEX Computer Dealers Exposition 

COM1 First serial Port (asynchronous port) 

COM2 Second serial Port 

COM3 Third serial Port 

COM4 Fourth serial Port 

COMP Compare + Communications 

COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation 

CON Console (includes Keyboard and Screen) 

CONFIG Configuration 

CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 

CoREN Corporation for Research and Enterprise Network 

COS Compatible Operating System 

COSE Common Open Software Environment 

COSMOS Computer System for Mainframe Operations 

CP Copy Protected 

CPA Certified Public Accountant 

CPE Central Processing Element + 

Customer Premise Equipment + 

Customer Provided Equipment 

CPG Clock Pulse Generator 

CPI Characters Per Inch + Clock Per Instruction + 

Common Programming Interface [IBM] 

.CPI Code Page Information (file name extension) [MS-DOS] 

CPI-C Common Programming Interface for Communications [IBM] 

CPL Current Privilege Level 

CP/M Control Program for Microcomputers 

CPS Characters Per Second + Cycles Per Second 

CPT Command Pass Through 

CPU Central Processing Unit 

CR Carriage Return 

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 

.CRD Cardfile (file name extension) 

CREN Computer Research Education Network + 

Corporation for Research and Educational Networking 

CRF Cross Reference File 

CR/LF Carriage Return/Line Feed 

CROM Control Read Only Memory 


CRTC CRT Controller 

CS Chip Select + Clear to Send + Code Segment 

CSAR Channel System Address Register 

CSD Corrective Service Diskette [IBM] 

CSG Constructive Solid Geometry + 

Consulting Services Group [Lotus] 

CSL Computer Sensitive Language 

CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision Detection 

CSNET Computer Science Network 

CSS * Continuous System Simulator (Language) 

CSP Commercial Subroutine Package + 

CompuCom Speed Protocol [CompuCom]

CSTA Computer-Supported Telephony Applications 

CSU Channel Service Unit 

CSV Comma-Separated Variables 

C&T Chips and Technologies 

CTOS Computerized Tomography Operating System 

CTPA Coax-to-Twisted-Pair Adapter 

CTRL Control 

CTS Clear To Send 

CTSS * Compatible Time Sharing System 

CUA Common User Access [IBM] 

CUB Cursor Backward 

CUD Cursor Down 

CUE Custom Updates and Extras (card) [Egghead Software] 

CUF Cursor Forward 

CUI Common User Interface [IBM] 

CUP Cursor Position 

CUPID Completely Universal Processor I/O Design [AST] 

.CUR Cursor (file name extension) 

CUTE Clarkston University Terminal Emulator 

CUU Cursor Up 

CVF Compressed Volume File [Microsoft] 

CVGA Color Video Gaphics Array 

CVIA Computer Virus Industry Association 

CVW CodeView for Windows 

CWD Convert Word to Double Word 

CWIS Campus Wind Information Systems [Internet] 

C2X Character To Hexadecimal [REXX] 

CYL Cylinder 

CYMK Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-Black (color model) 

D/A Digital to Analog 

DAA Data Access Arrangement + 

Decimal Adjust for Addition 

DAC Data Acquisition and Control + 

Digital to Analog Converter 

DAL Data Access Language [Apple Computer] + 

Disk Access Lockout 

DAM Data Acquisition and Monitoring 

DAP Data Access Protocol [DEC] 

DARI Database Application Remote Interface [IBM] 

DAS Decimal Adjust for Subtraction 

DASD Direct Access Storage Device 

DAT Digital Audio Tape + Disk Array Technology 

.DAT Data (file name extension) 

DATACOM Data Communications 

dB Decibel 

DB Data Base + Data Buffer 

dBA Adjusted Decibel 

DBCS Double-Byte Character Set 

.DBF Database (file name extension) 

DBM Data Base Manager 

DBMS Data Base Management System 

DBS Data Base Server 

DB2 Database 2 

DC Data Collection + Data Communication + Data Control + 

Device Control + Direct Current 

D2C Decimal To Character [REXX] 

DCA Digital Communications Associates + 

Document Content Architecture 

DCAF Distributed Console Access Facility [IBM] 

DCB Disk Coprocessor Board [Novell] 

DCC Digital Compact Cassette + Display Combination Code 

DCD Data Carrier Detect 

DCE Data Communications Equipment + 

Distributed Computing Environment [OSF] + 

Distributed Computing Equipment

DCF Data Communication Facility [IBM] + 

Data Compression Facility + 

Data Count Field [IBM] + 

Driver Configuration File [Lotus] 

DCL Declaration + DEC Command Language [DEC] + 

Device Clear + Digital Control Logic + 

Digital Command Language [Digital] 

DCS Data Collection System + Data Control System + 

Desktop Color Separation 

DCT Discrete Cosine Transform 

.DCT Dictionary (file name extension) 

DD Day + Digital Display + Double Density 

DDB Device Dependent Bitmap 

DDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol [DEC] 

DDD Direct Distance Dialing 

DDE Direct Data Entry + Dynamic Data Exchange [Microsoft] 

DDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library [Microsoft] 

DDK Device Driver Kit [Microsoft Windows] 

DDL Data Definition Language + Data Description Language 

DDM Distributed Data Management 

DDS Dataphone Digital Service [AT&T] + 

Design Data Sheet + Digital Data Storage 

DEC Decrement + Device Clear + 

Digital Equipment Corporation 

.DEF Definitions + Defaults (file name extensions) 

DEL Delete 

DELSTR Delete String [REXX] 

.DEM Demonstration (file name extension) 

DES Data Encryption Standard + Data Entry Sheet 

.DES Description (file name extension) 

DET Device Execute Trigger 

DEV Device 

DF Data Field + Destination Field + Device Flag + 

Double Flag 

DFC Data Flow Control 

DFS Distributed File System 

DFT Diagnostic Funtion Test + Discrete Fourier Transform + 

Distributed Function Terminal 

DFU Data File Utility 

DGIS Direct Graphics Interface Standard 

.DHP Dr. Halo PIC (file name extension) 

DI Data In + Destination Index 

DIA Document Interchange Architecture [IBM] 

DIB Device Independent Bitmap 

DIBOL DEC Business Oriented Language 

.DIC Dictionary (file name extension) 

DID Direct Inward Dialing 

DIF Data Interchange Format 

DIFFSENS Differential Sense 

DIIP Direct Interrupt Identification Port 

DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German equivalent of EIA) 

DIO Data Input-Output 

DIP Dual In-line Package + Dual In-line Pin 

DIR Directory (file) 

DIS Dynamic Impedance Stabilization [CompuCom] 

DISP Displacement (offset) 

DIV Divide 

DIW D-Inside Wire [AT&T] 

DL Download 

DL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1 [IBM] 

DLC Data Link Control (protocol) [IBM] 

DLE Data Link Escape 

DLL Dynamic Link Library 

DLM Dynamic Link Module 

DLR DOS LAN Requester

DMA Direct Memory Access/Addressing 

DMAC DMA Controller 

DME Distributed Management Environment 

DMI Desktop Mangement Interface 

DML Data Manipulation Language 

DMM Digital Multimeter 

DMMS Dynamic Memory Management System 

DMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 

DMP Dot Matrix Printer 

DMQS Display Mode Query and Set [IBM] 

DMS Data Management Software + Data Management System 

DMSD Digital Multistandard Decoding 

DMTF Desktop Management Task Force 

DMY Day Month Year 

DN Down 

DNC Direct Numerical Control 

DNIS Dialed Number Identification Service 

DNS Domain Naming System 

DO Data Out 

.DOC Document + Documentation (file name extensions) 

DOS Disk Operating System 

DOSEM DOS Emulation 

DOW Day Of Week 

DP Data Processing 

DPA Demand Protocol Architecture [3Com] 

DPAREN Data Parity Enable [IBM] 

DPB Drive Parameter Block 

DPC Direct Program Control 

DPI Dots Per Inch 

DPL Descriptor Privilege Level 

DPM Digital Panel Meter 

DPMA Data Processing Management Association 

DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface [Microsoft] 

DPO Data Phase Optimization 

DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying 

DPtoTP Display Coordinates to Tablet Coordinates 

(converting) 

DQL DataEase Query Language [DataEase International] 

DR Data Received 

D/R Direct or Reverse 

DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory 

DRAW Direct Read After Write 

DRDA Distributed Relational Data Architecture [IBM] 

DRDW Direct Read During Write 

DRI Digital Research Incorporated 

DRO Data Request Output + Destructive Read-Out 

.DRS WordPerfect Driver Resource (file name extension) 

DRV Drive 

.DRV Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DVR) 

.DRW Draw + Drawing (file name extensions) 

DS Data Segment + Data Send + Data Server + Double Sided 

DSDD Double Sided, Double Density (diskette) 

DSE Data Storage Equipment 

DSEA Display Station Emulation Adapter 

DSECT Dummy Control Section 

DSHD Double Sided, High Density (diskette) 

DSIS Distributed Support Information Standard 

DSL Dynamic Simulation Language 

DSP Digital Signal Processing + 

Digital Signal Processor 

DSQD Double Sided, Quad Density (diskette) 

DSR Data Set Ready + Device Status Register + 

Device Status Report 

DSS Decision Support System 

DSTN Double Supertwisted Nematic

DSU Digital Service Unit 

DSW Data Status Word + Device Status Word 

D2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (printing) 

DTA Disk Transfer Area 

.DTA Data (file name extension) 

DTD Document Type Definition 

DTE Data Terminal Equipment + Dumb Terminal Emulator 

DTL Diode-Transistor Logic 

DTMF Data Tone Multiple Frequency + Dual Tone Multifrequency 

DTP Desktop Publishing 

DTR Data Terminal Ready + Data Transfer Rate 

DU Disk Usage 

DUAT Direct User Access Terminal 

.DV DESQview Script (file name extension) 

DVI Digital Video Interactive 

.DVR Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DRV) 

DWG Drawing 

D2X Decimal To Hexadecimal [REXX] 

.DXB Drawing Interchange Binary (file name extension) 

[AutoCAD] 

DXC Data Exchange Control 

DXF Drawing Interchange Format 

EA Extended Attribute [OS/2] 

EARN European Academic Research Network 

EAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory 

EARS Electronic Access to Reference Services 

EATA Enhanced AT Bus Attachment 

EBC EISA Bus Controller 

EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code [IBM] 

EBI Equivalent Background Input + 

Extended Background Investigation 

EBT Electronic Benefits Transfer 

ECAL Enjoy Computing And Learn 

ECC Error Check Code + Error Checking and Correction + 

Error Correction Code 

ECD Enhanced Color Display 

ECL Emitter Coupled Logic 

ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association 

ECP Enhanced Capabilities Port [Microsoft] 

ECTL Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe 

ED Erase Display 

EDA Embedded Document Architecture [Go Corporation] 

EDC Enhanced Data Correction + 

Error Detection and Correction 

EDDC Extended Distance Data Cable 

EDI Electronic Data Interchange + 

Electronic Document Interchange [DEC] 

EDIFACT EDI for Administration Commerce and Transport 

EDLC Ethernet Data Link Control 

EDLIN Editor (Line Text) 

EDOS Enhanced DOS for Windows 

EDP Electronic Data Processing 

EDPM Electronic Data Processing Machine 

EDSAC * Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer 

EDSI Enhanced Small Device Interface 

EDVAC * Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer 

(First stored-program digital computer) 

EEC Extended Error Correction 

EEG Electroencephalogram 

EEM Extended Memory Management 

EEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification 

EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory 

EFA Extended File Attribute 

EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation 

EFI Electromechanical Frequency Interference +

Electronics For Imaging 

EFL Emitter Follower Logic 

EFTS Electronic Funds Transfer System 

EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter 

EIA Electronic Industries Association 

EIS Executive Information System 

EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 

EL Electroluminescent (display) + Erase Line 

ELF Extremely Low Frequency 

ELS Entry Level System 

EM Electronic Mail + Expanded Memory 

EMA Enterprise Management Architecture 

E-MAIL Electronic Mail 

EMB Extended Memory Block [LIM/AST] 

EMBARC Electronic Mail Broadcast to a Roaming Computer [Motorola] 

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility + Extended Math Coprocessor 


.EML Electronic Mail (file name extension) 

EMM Expanded Memory Manager 

EMR Electro-Magnetic Radiation 

EMS Electronic Mail System + Electronic Message Service + 

Expanded Memory Specification [LIM] 

.ENC Encoded (file name extension) 

ENDS Ends Segment 

ENIAC * Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer 

(First fully electronic digital computer) 

ENQ Enquiry 

ENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet] 

EOA End of Address 

EOB End of Block 

EOC End of Conversion 

EOF End of File 

EOI End or Identify 

EOJ End of Job 

EOL End of Line + End of List 

EOM End of Message 

EOR Exclusive OR (Also XOR) 

EOS End of String 

EOT End Of Table + End of Tape (marker) + End of Text + 

End of Transmission 

EPL Effective Privilege Level 

EPLD Electrically Programmable Logic Device 

EPM Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager [IBM] 

EPP Enhanced Parallel Port 

EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory + 

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 

.EPS Encapsulated PostScript (file name extension) 

EPSF Encapsulated PostScript Files 

ERAS Electronic Routing and Approval System [Hughes Aircraft] 

ERLL Enhanced Run Length Limited 

EROM Erasable Read Only Memory 

ERR Error 

ES Extra Segment 

ESA European Space Agency 

ESC Escape 

ESCON Enterprise System Connection (Architecture) [IBM] 

ESD Electronic Software Distribution + 

Electrostatic Discharge 

ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface 

ESI Enhanced Serial Interface (specification) [Hayes] 

ESP Emulation Sensing Processor + 

Enhanced Serial Port [Hayes] 

ESS Electronic Switching System 

ESU Electro-Static Unit 

ETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural

Network (chip) [Intel] 

ETB End of Transmission Block 

ETPL Endorsed Tempest Products List 

ETS Econometric Time Series 

ETX End of Text 

EU Execution Unit 

EVE Extensible VAX Editor 

EVGA Extended Video Graphics Array + 

Extended Video Graphics Adapter 

EWS Employee Written Software [IBM] 

.EXE Executable (file name extension) 

EXE2BIN Program used to convert an (.EXE) file to binary 

format (.COM) file 

EXP Exponent 

EXT External 

EXTRN External Reference 

FAB Computer-Chip Fabrication Plant 

FAC File Access Code 

FAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOS 

FAP File Access Protocol 

FAQ Frequently Asked Question 

FAT File Allocation Table 

FAX Facsimile 

.FAX Fax (file name extension) 

FCB File Control Block 

FCC Federal Communications Commission 

FCI Flux Changes per Inch 

FD Floppy Disk + Full Duplex 

FDC Floppy Disk Controller 

FDDI Fiber Digital Device Interface + 

Fiber Distributed Data Interface 

FDISK Fixed Disk 

FDM Frequency-Division Multiplexing 

FDX Full Duplex 

FEFO First-Ended, First-Out 

FEP Front End Processor 

FESDK Far East Software Development Kit [Microsoft] 

FET Field Effect Transistor 

FF Flip-Flop + Form Feed 

FFT Fast Fourier Transform 

FIF Fractal Image Format 

FIFO First-In, First-Out 

FILO First-In, Last-Out 

FIP File Processor Buffering 

FIR Finite Impulse Response 

FLC Ferro-electric Liquid Crystal 

FLD Field 

FLL FoxPro Link Library [Microsoft Fox Pro] 

FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per Second 

FMS Forms Management System 

FMT Format 

FNT Font 

FOCUS Forum of Control Data Users 

FOG First Osborne Group 

FOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link [IEEE] 

.FON Font + Phone + Phone Directory (all file name 

extensions) 

.FOR FORTRAN source code (file name extension) 

FORTH (Programming Language)(See HLL) 

FORTRAN Formula Translator (Programming Language)(See HLL) 

FOSE Federal Office Systems Exposition 

FOSSIL Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface Layer 

FPGA Field Programmable Gate-Array 

FPLA Field Programmable Logic-Array 

FPP Fixed Path Protocol + Floating Point Processor

FPS Frames Per Second 

FPU Floating Point Processor Unit 

FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name [Internet] 

FRAG Fragment + Fragmentation 

FRAM Ferroelectric Random-Access Memory 

FRED Frame Editor 

FRPI Flux Reversals Per Inch 

.FRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension) 

FSD File System Driver [OS/2] 

FSK Frequency Shift Keying 

F/T Full Time 

FTAM File Transfer, Access and Management + 

File Transfer and Access Method 

FTP File Transfer Protocol [Internet] 

FTS Federal Telecommunication System 

FUI File Update Information 

FUNC Function 

FVT Full Video Translation 

GA General Availability 

GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 

GAL Generic Array Logic 

Gb Gigabit (1,000 megabits) + 

(One Billion Bits of Information) 

GB Gigabyte (1,000 megabytes) + 

(One Billion Characters of Information) 

GCR Group Code Recording 

GDA Global Data Area 

GDDM Graphics Data Display Manager 

GDI Graphics Device Interface 

GDT Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing + 

Global Descriptor Table 

GEM Graphics Environment Manager (DRI Program) 

GENIE General Electric Network for 

Information Exchange 

GEOS Graphic Environment Operating System [Geoworks] 

GET Get Execute Trigger 

GHZ Gigahertz 

.GIF Graphic Interchange Format (file name extension) 

GIGO Garbage In, Garbage Out 

GIS Geographical Information System 

GIX Global Internet Exchange [Internet] 

GKS Graphical Kernal System 

G/L General Ledger 

GLM General Linear Models 

.GLY Glossary (file name extension) [Microsoft Word] 

GMS Global Messaging Service [Novell] 

GMT Greenwich Mean Time 

GND System Ground 

GNU Gnu's Not Unix (operating system) 

GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile 

GP Gas Plasma + General Purpose 

GPF General Protection Fault 

GPI Graphics Programming Interface 

GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus 


GPSS * General Purpose Systems Simulator (language) 

GRE Graphics Engine 

.GRF Graph (file name extension) 

.GRP Group (file name extension) 

GUI Graphical User Interface 

GW-BASIC Gee Whiz BASIC 

.H Header (file name extension) [C] 

HACMP High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing [IBM] 

HAL Hard Array Logic + House Programmed Array Logic 

HAL * Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic (computer)

[from 1968 movie "2001: A Space Odyssey"] 

HASP Houston Automatic Spooling Priority (System) 

HBA Host Bus Adapter 

HD Hard Disk + High Density 

HDA Head Disk Assembly 

HDCD High Definition Compatible Digital 

HDI Head to Disk Interference 

HDLC High-Level Data Link Control 

HDR Header 

HDSC High Density Signal Carrier [DEC] 

HDSL High-rate Digital Subscriber Link 

HDTV High Definition Television 

HDW Hardware 

HDX Half Duplex 

HERC Hercules 

HEX Hexadecimal 

HGA Hercules Graphics Adapter 

HGCP Hercules Graphics Card Plus 

HH Hour 

HIFD High-Density Floppy Disk 

HIL Human Interface Link [HP] 

HLCO High Low Close Open 

HLL High Level Language 

HLLAPI High Level Language Application Programming Interface 

.HLP Help (file name extension) 

HLQ High Level Qualifier 

HLS Hue, Luminance, Saturation (color model) 

HLT Halt 

HMA High Memory Area [Microsoft] + 

Hub Management Architecture 

HMOS High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor + 

High Speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

HP Hewlett-Packard (Company) 

HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications 

HPDJ Hewlett-Packard Desk Jet 

HPFS High-Performance File System 

HPG Hewlett-Packard Graphics 

HPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language 

HPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus 

HPLJ Hewlett-Packard Laser Jet 

HPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture 

HPPI High Performance Parallel Interface 

HRIS Human Resource Information System 

HRG High Resolution Graphics 

HRMS Human Resource Management System 

HS High Speed 

HSC High Speed Channel 

HSP High Speed Printer 

HST High Speed Technology [U.S. Robotics] 

.HST History + Host (file name extensions) 

HSV Hue Saturation Value 

HUT Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope 

H/V Horizontal/Vertical 

HVP Horizontal & Vertical Position 

H/W Hardware 

HWCP Hardware Code Page 

HWD Height-Width-Depth 

.HYP Hyphenation (file name extension) 

Hz Hertz 

IAB Internet Activities Board [Internet] 

IAL * International Algebraic Language 

(ALGOL was first called IAL) 

IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [Internet] 

IAT Import Address Table 

IBC Instrument Bus Computer

IBM International Business Machines (Corporation) 

IBM-GL IBM Graphics Language 

IC Input Circuit + Integrated Circuit + Interrupt Controller 

ICA Intra-application Communications Area 

ICAS Intel Communicating Applications Specifications 

ICCP Institute for the Certification of Computer Professionals 

ICE In-Circuit Emulator [Intel] 

ICL Interface Clear 

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol [Novell] 

.ICO Icon (file name extension) 

iCOMP Intel Comparative Microprocessor (index) [Intel] 

ICP Integrated Channel Processor 

ICR Intelligent Character Recognition 

ICS Intuitive Command Structure 

ID Identification + Identifier 

IDA Integrated Digital Access + Intelligent Disk Array + 

Intelligent Drive Array 

IDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming Interface 

IDE Imbedded Drive Electronics + 

Integrated Development Environment [Borlund] + 

Integrated Drive Electronics + 

Intelligent Drive Electronics + 

Interactive Design and Engineering + 

Interface Design Enhancement 

IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame 

IDIV Integer Divide 

IDMS Integrated Data Base Management System 

IDP Integrated Data Processing 

IDT Interrupt Descriptor Table 

.IDX Index (file name extension) 

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 

IEF Information Engineering Facility 

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 

I/F Interface 

IFD Image File Directory 

IFG Incoming Fax Gateway 

IFS Installable File System [OS/2] 

IGA Integrated Graphics Array 

IGC Integrated Graphics Controller 

IIF Immediate IF 

IIR Immediate Impulse Response 

IMDS Image Data Stream (format) [IBM] 

IMG Image 

IMP Interface Message Processor 

IMPA Intelligent Multi-Port Adapter [DCA] 

IMS Information Management System + 

Intermediate Maintenance Standards 

IMUL Integer Multiply 

IN Input 

INC Increment 

.INF Information (file name extension) 

.INI Initialize (file name extension) 

INIT Initialize 

INM Integrated Network Management 

INS Input String 

INT Integer + Internal + Interrupt 

INTA Interrupt Acknowledge 

INTO Interrupt if Overflow occurs 

I/O Input/Output 

IOCS Input/Output Control System 

IOCTL Input/Output Control 

IOPL Input/Output Priviledge Level 

IOSGA Input/Output Support Gate Array 

IP Instruction Pointer + Internet Protocol 

IPC Instructions Per Clock + Interprocess Communication

IPF Information Presentation Facility 

IPL Initial Program Load + Initial Program Loader 

IPL * Information Programming Language 

IPM Interpersonal Message 

IPSE Integrated Project Support Environment 

IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange [Novell] 

IQL Interactive Query Language 

IRC Internet Relay Chat [Internet] 

IRET Interrupt Return 

IRL Interactive Reader Language + Inter-Repeater Link 

IRLED Infrared Light Emitting Diode 

IRM Information Resource Management 

IRQ Interrupt Request 

IRX Information Retrieval Experiment 

IS Information System + Interrupt Status 

ISA Industry Standard Architecture 

ISAM Indexed Sequential-Access Management/Method 

ISC Instruction Set Computer 

ISD Image Section Descriptor + 

Instructional Systems Design 

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 

ISI Internally Specified Index 

ISIS Integrated Systems and Information Services 

ISL Interactive System Language 

ISO/OSI International Standards Organization/Open Systems 

Interconnection (model) 

ISP Internet Service Provider [Internet] + 

Interrupt Stack Pointer + Interrupt Status Port 

ISPF Interactive System Programming Facility 

ISR Information Storage and Retrieval + 

Interrupt Service Routine 

ISV Independent Software Vendor 

ITB Information Technology Branch + Intermediate Text Block 

ITC International Typeface Corporation 

ITU International Telecommunication Union 

ITUG International Telecommunications User Group 

ITV Interactive Television 

ITX Intermediate Text Block 

IVIS Interactive Video Information System 

IVR Interactive Voice Response 

IVS Interactive Videodisk System 

IVT Interrupt Vector Table 

IV&V Independent Verification & Validation 

JA Jump Address + Jump if Above 

JAD Joint Application Design 

JAE Jump if Above or Equal 

JANET Joint Academic Network 

JBE Jump if Below or Equal 

JC Jump if Carry set 

JCL Job Control Language 

JE Jump if Equal 

JEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering Council 

JEIDA Japanese Electronics Industry Development Association 

JES Job Entry System 

JFET Junction Field Effect Transistor 

JG Jump if Greater 

JGE Jump if Greater or Equal 

JL Jump if Less 

JLE Jump if Less than or Equal to 

JMP Jump 

JNA Jump if Not Above 

JNAE Jump if Not Above or Equal 

JNB Jump if Not Below 

JNBE Jump if Not Below or Equal 

JNG Jump if Not Greater

JNGE Jump if Not Greater or Equal 

.JNK Junk (file name extension) 

JNLE Jump if Not Less or Equal 

JNO Jump if No Overflow 

JNP Jump if No Parity 

JNS Jump if No Sign 

JPE Jump if Parity Even 

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 


JPO Jump if Parity Odd 

JS Jump if Sign 

JZ Jump if Zero 

JNZ Jump if Not Zero 

KB Keyboard + Kilobyte (1,024 bytes) 

KBD Keyboard (also KEYB) 

KBD$ Keyboard [OS/2] 

Kbit Kilobit 

KBPS Kilo-Bytes Per Second 

KDT Key Definition Table 

KEYBBE Foreign language KEYBoard program - Belgium 

KEYBBR Foreign language KEYBoard program - Brazil 

KEYBCF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Canadian-French 

KEYBCZ Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia 

(Czech) 

KEYBDF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Denmark 

KEYBFR Foreign language KEYBoard program - France 

KEYBGR Foreign language KEYBoard program - Germany 

KEYBHU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Hungary 

KEYBIT Foreign language KEYBoard program - Italy 

KEYBLA Foreign language KEYBoard program - Latin America 

KEYBNL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Netherlands 

KEYBNO Foreign language KEYBoard program - Norway 

KEYBPL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Poland 

KEYBPO Foreign language KEYBoard program - Portugal 

KEYBSF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-French 

KEYBSG Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-German 

KEYBSL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia 

(Slovak) 

KEYBSP Foreign language KEYBoard program - Spain 

KEYBSU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Finland 

KEYBSV Foreign language KEYBoard program - Sweden 

KEYBUK Foreign language KEYBoard program - United Kingdom 

KEYBUS Foreign language KEYBoard program - United States 

KEYBYU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Yugoslavia 

kHz Kilohertz 

KSR Keyboard Send Receive 

KRS Knowledge Retrieval System 

LADDR Layered Device Driver Architecture [Microsoft] 

LALL Longest Allowed Lobe Length 


LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced (protocol) 

LAPD Link Access Procedure Direct (protocol) 

LAPM Link Access Procedure for Modems 

LAR Load Access Rights 

LASTport Local Area Storage Transport (protocol) [DEC] 

LAT Local Area Transport [DEC] 

LAWN Local Area Wireless Network 

LB Left Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse) 

LBL Label 

LBR Librarian 

.LBR Library (file name extension) 

LBT Listen Before Talk 

LCC Leadless Chip Carrier 

LCD Liquid Crystal Display 

LCK Library Construction Kit [Mircrosoft FoxPro]

LCP Link Control Protocol (protocol) 

LCU Last Cluster Used 

LDA Logical Device Address 

LDC Lotus Development Corporation 

LDM Long Distance Modem 

LDT Local Descriptor Table 

LE Less or Equal 

LEA Load Effective Address 

LED Light Emitting Diode 

LEM Language Extension Module 

LEN Low Entry Networking 

.LET Letter (file name extension) 

LEX Lexicon 

LF Line Feed 

LFI Last File Indicator 

LFU Least Frequently Used 

LGDT Load Global Descriptor Table 

.LIB Library (file name extension) 

LICS Lotus International Character Set [LDC] 

LIDT Load Interrupt Descriptor Table 

LIEP Large Internet Exchange Packet [Novell] 

LIF Low Insertion Force 

LIFO Last In, First Out 

LILO Last In, Last Out 

LIM Lotus/Intel/Microsoft 

LIMA Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/AST 

LIMS Library Information Management System 

LIPS Logical Inferences Per Second 

LISP List Processing (Language)(See HLL) 

LLC Logical Link Control 

LLDT Load Local Descriptor Table 

LMBCS Lotus Multibyte Character Set [Lotus] 

LMI Local Management Interface 

LMSW Load Machine Status Word 

LM/X LAN Manager for Unix 

LN Logarithm (Natural) 

LNDI Lotus Notes:Document Imaging 

LOC Loop On-Line Control 

LOCIS Library of Congress Information System 

LODSB Load String Byte 

LOG Logarithm (Base 10) 

LOGO (Programming Language)(See HLL) 

LOOPE Loop while Equal 

LOOPNE Loop while Not Equal 

LOOPNZ Loop while Not Zero 

LOOPZ Loop while Zero 

LORE Line Oriented Editor 

LPD Line Printer Daemon (protocol) [Berkley] 

LPI Lines Per Inch 

LPL Lotus Programming Language [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] 

LPM Lines Per Minute 

LPN Logical Page Number 

LPS Low-Power Schottky 

LPT Line Printer 

LPT1 First Parallel Printer Port 

LPT2 Second Parallel Printer Port 

LPT3 Third Parallel Printer Port 

LQ Letter Quality 

LQM Link Quality Monitoring (protocol) 

LRC Local Register Cache + 


LRI Least Recently Loaded 

LRS Language Resource (file name extension) [WordPerfect] 

LRU Least Recently Used 

LSA Line Sharing Adapter

LSB Least Significant Bit 

LSC Least Significant Character 

LSD Least Significant Digit 

LSI Large Scale Integration 

LSL Load Segment Limit 

LST List 

LST List (file name extension) 

LTR Letter + Load Task Register 

LU Logical Unit (Also LUN) 

LUT Lookup Table 

LZ Lazy Write 

LZW Lempel-Ziv-Walsh (algorithm) 

mA Milliampere 

MAC Media/Medium Access Control 

MAC MacPaint (file name extension) + 

Macro (file name extension) 

MACH Multilayer Actuator Head [Epson] 

mAh Milliampere-Hour 

.MAI Mail (file name extension) 

MAN Manual + Metropolitan Area Network 

MAP Maintenance Analysis Procedures + 

Manufacturing Automation Protocol + 

Memory Allocation Map 

.MAP Linker Map (file name extension) 

MAPI Mail/Messaging Applications Programming 

Interface [Microsoft] 

MAPICS Manufacturing, Accounting and Production 

Information Control System [IBM] 

MASM Macro Assembler [Microsoft] 

MASS Maximum Availability and Support 

Subsystem [Parallan] 

MAU Media Access Unit + Multistation Access Unit 

MAVDM Multiple Application VDM 

MAX Maximum 

MB Megabyte (1,000 kilobytes) + 

Middle Button (of 3 button Mouse) 

MBASIC Microsoft BASIC [Microsoft] 

MBPS Megabytes Per Second 

MBR Master Boot Record 

MBX Mailbox 

MCA Micro Channel Architecture [IBM] 

MCB Memory Control Block 

MCGA Multicolor Graphics Array 

MCI Media Control Interface [Microsoft] 

MCL Microsoft Compatibility Labs [Microsoft] 

MCU Multi-Chip Unit [DEC] 

MD Make Directory + Monochrome Display 

MDA Monochrome Display Adapter 

MDF Menu Definition File (file name extension) 

MDI Multiple Document Interface 

MDIC Manchester Decoder and Interface Chip [AT&T] 

MDK Multimedia Developers Kit [Microsoft] 

MDR Minimum Design Requirement 

MDY Month Day Year 

ME Opening Information (file name extension) (As in READ.ME) 

MEB Memory Expansion Board 

MEG Megabyte 

MEN Menu (file name extension) 

MESI Modified Exclusive Shared and Invalid (protocol) 

MFFS Microsoft Flash File System [Microsoft] 

MFLOPS Million Floating Point Operations Per Second 

MFM Modified Frequency Modulation 

MFP Multifunction Peripheral 

MFS Magnetic Tape Field Search + 

Modified Filing System [Revelation Technologies]

MFT Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of Tasks 

MGA Monochrome Graphics Adapter 

MGE Modular GIS Environment 

MGR Manager 

MHS Message Handling Service + Message Handling System 

MHz Megahertz 

MIB Management Information Base 

MICS Macro Interpretive Commands 

MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface 

MIF Management Information Format 

MII Microsoft/IBM/Intel 

MIL Machine Interface Layer [Go Corporation] 

MIM Metal-Insulator-Metal (screen) 

MIMD Multiple Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor) 

MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension [Internet] 

MIN Minimum 

MIPS Million Instructions Per Second 

MIS Management Information System 

MISC Miscellaneous 

MIX Member Information Exchange 

MKDIR Make Directory 

ML Machine Language 

MM Minutes + Month 

MMA Microcomputer Managers Association 

MMC Matched Memory Cycle + Microcomputer Marketing Council 

MMIS Materials Manager Information System 

MMPM Multi Media Presentation Manager 

MMU Memory Management Unit 

MNOS Metal Nitride Oxide Semiconductor 

MNP Microcom Networking Protocol [Microcom] 

.MNU Menu (fine name extension) 

MO Magneto-Optical (disk drive) 

MODEM Modulator Demodulator 

MOHLL Machine Oriented High Level Language 

MOV Metal Oxide Varistor + Move 

MOVS Move String 

MOD Modem + Modulus 

MOP Maintenance Operations Protocol 

MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor 

MOV Move 

MOVS Move String 

MP Multiple Processors 

MPC Multimedia Personal Computer 

MPCS Mission Planning and Control Station (Software) 

MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group 

MPP Massively Parallel Processing + 

Message Processing Program 

MPR Multipart Repeater 

MPU Microprocessor Unit 

MR Modem Ready 

MRCF Microsoft Realtime Compression Format 

MRCI Microsoft Realtime Compression Interface 

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging 

MRO Multi-Region Operation 

MRP Materials Requirement Planning 

MRPL Main Ring Path Length 

MRT Mean Repair Time 

MS Memory System + Message Store + Microsecond + 

Microsoft Corporation + Millisecond 

MSAV Microsoft Anti Virus 

MSB Most Significant Bit 

MSCDEX Microsoft CD Extensions [Microsoft] 

MSD Mass Storage Device + Most Significant Digit 

MS-DOS Microsoft-Disk Operating System [Microsoft]

MSDR Multiplexed Streaming Data Request 

MSDS Microsoft Developer Support [Microsoft] 

MSG Message 

.MSG Program Message (file name extension) 

MSI Medium Scale Integration 

MSL Map Specification Library 

.MSP Microsoft Paint (file name extension) [Microsoft] 

MSW Machine Status Word 

MTA Message Transfer Agent + Multiple Terminal Access 

MTBB Mean Time Between Breakdowns 

MTBF Mean Time Before Failure + Mean Time Between Failures 

MTBJ Mean Time Between Jams 

MTS Message Transfer Service/System + 

Multichannel Television Sound 

MTTF Mean Time To Failure 

MTTR Mean Time To Repair 

MUL Multiply 

MUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital Utility 

Multi-Programming System (Programming Language) 

MUX Multiplexer 

mV Millivolt 

MVB Multimedia Viewer Book 

MVC Multimedia Viewer Compiler 

MVDM Multiple Virtual DOS Machines 

MVGA Monochrome Video Graphics Array 

MVS Multiple Virtual Storage 

MVT Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks 

MX Mail Exchanger [Internet] 

NACD National Association of Computer Dealers 

NACS National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors 

NAE Not Above or Equal 

NAK Negative Acknowledgment 

NAPLPS North American Presentation Level Protocol 

Syntax (graphics) 

NAS Network Application Support [DEC] 


NASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface [Novell] 

NAU Network Addressable Unit 

NBE Not Below or Equal 

NBI Nothing But Initials 

NBS National Bureau of Standards 

NC No Carry + Numerical Control 

NCA Network Communications Adapter 

NCC Network Control Center 

NCGA National Computer Graphics Association 

NCIC National Crime Information Center 

NCMT * Numerical Control for Machine Tools 

NCP NetWare Core Protocol + Network Control Processor + 

Network Control Program + Not Copy Protected 

NCR National Cash Register (Company) 

NCSI Network Communications Services Interface [Novell] 

NDEF Not to be Defined 

NDIS Network Driver Interface Specification 

NDP Numeric Data Processor 

NDRO Non-Destructive Read Out 

.NDX Index (file name extension) 

NEC Nippon Electric Company 

NEG Negative + Negate 

NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System [IBM] 

NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface [IBM] 

.NEW New Information (file name extension) 

NEWS NetWare Early Warning System [Frye Computer] 

NEXT Near-End Crosstalk 

NFF No Fault Found 

NFS Network File System

NG No Good 

NGE Not Greater or Equal 

NHC National Hurricane Center 

NIC Network Information Center [Internet] + 

Network Interface Card + 

Numeric Intensive Computing 

NICAD Nickel Cadmium 

NID New Interactive Display [NEC] + Next ID 

NIMH Nickel-Metal Hydride 

NIPS Network I/Os Per Second 

NISO National Information Standards Organization 

NIST National Institute for Standards and Technology 

NITC National Information Technology Center 

NJE Network Job Entry (protocol) [IBM] 

NL New Line 

NLE Not Less or Equal 

NLM NetWare Loadable Module [Netware] 

NLQ Near Letter Quality 

NLS National Language Support [OS/2] 

NMI Non-Maskable Interrupt 

NMM NetWare Management Map [NetWare] 

NMOS Negative Channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 

NMS Network Management System [Novell] 

NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol [Internet] 

NOC Network Operations Center 

NOP No Operation 

NOR Not Or 

NOS Network Operating System 

NPA Network Printer Alliance 

NPI Network Printer Interface 

NPL Nonprocedural Language 

NPU Natural Processing Unit 

NPX Numeric Processor Extension 

NREN National Research and Education Network 

NRZ Not Return to Zero 

NRZI Non Return to Zero Inverted 

NS Nanosecond + Network Supervisor + Non Stop 

NSA POLY National Security Agency Polygraph 

NSF National Science Foundation 

NSTL National Software Testing Labs 

NT New Technology [Microsoft] 

NTF No Trouble Found 

NTFS New Technology File System [Microsoft] 

NTSC National Television Standards Committee 

NUI Network User Identification + 

Network User Interface + 

Notebook User Interface [Go Corporation] 

NUL Dummy Device + No Device 

NV No Overflow 

NVM Non-Volatile Memory 

NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation 

NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory 

OAG Official Airline Guide + Online Air Guide 

OAI Open Applications Interface 

OBJ Object 

OCE Open Collaborative Environment [Apple] 

OCL Operation Control Language + Operator Control Language 

OCR Optical Character Recognition 

ODA Office Document Architecture 

ODAPI Open Database Application Programming Interface [Borlund] 

ODBC Open Database Connectivity (driver) [Microsoft] 

ODBMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see OODMS) 

ODI Open Datalink Interface [Novell] + 

Open Device Interconnect [NetWare] 

ODS Open Data Services [Microsoft]

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 

OF Overflow Flag 

OFMT Output Format for Numbers 

OFS Output Field Separator 

OH Off Hook 

OIS Office Information Systems 

.OLD Old version (file name extension) 

OLE Object Linking and Embedding [Microsoft] 

OLI Optical Phone Line Interface [AT&T] 

OLMC Output Logic Macrocell 

OLTP On-Line Transaction Processing 

OMF Object Module Format [Microsoft] 

OMG Object Management Group 

OMI Open Messaging Interface [Lotus] 

OMNS Open Network Management System 

OMR Optical Mark Recognition 

ONC Open Network Computing [Sun] 

OODB Object-Oriented Database 

OODMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see ODBMS) 

OOL Object-Oriented Language 

OOPL Object-Oriented Programming Language 

OOPS Object Oriented Programming and Systems 

OOS Object-Oriented Systems + 

Off-line Operating Simulator 

OP Operation + Optical + Output 

OPAC Online Public Access Catlog [Internet] 

OPC Optical Photoconductor 

OP CODE Operational Code 

OPD Operand 

OPI Open Prepress Interface 

OPM Operations Per Minute 

OPS Operations 

OPT Open Protocol Technology 

.OPT Options (file name extension) 

OPUS Octal Program Updating System 

ORACLE On-Line Inquiry and Report Generator (UNIX DB program) 

.ORI Original (file name extension) 

ORS Output Record Separator 

OS Operating System 

OS/2 Operating System/2 [IBM] 

OSA Open System Architecture 

OS/E Operating System/Environment 

OSF Open Software Foundation 

OSI Open Systems Interconnection 

OSM Off-Screen Model 

OSPF Open Shortest Path First 

OSQL Object Structured Query Language 

OT Object Technology 

OTF Open Token Foundation 

OTP One-Time Programmable 

.OUT Outlines (file name extension) 

OUTS Output String 

OV Overflow 

OVL Program Overlay (file name extension) 

OVR Program Overlay (file name extension) 

OWL Object Windows Library + 

Open Windows Library [Borland] 

PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange 

PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler 

PADS Pen Application Development System [Slate Corporation] 

PAK Packed (file name extension) 

PAL Paradox Applications Language [Borlund] + 

Phase Alternate Line + Programmed Array Logic + 

Programming Assembly Language 

PALC Plasma-Addressed Liquid Crystal (display)

PALS Principles of the Alphabet Literacy System 

PAP Passwork Authentication Protocol (protocol) 

PAR Parallel 

PARA Paragraph 

PARC Palo Alto Research Center [XEROX] 

PAS PASCAL source code (file name extension) 

PASCAL (Programming Language named for Blaise Pascal) 

PAT Patch (file name extension) 

PBE Prompt By Example 

PBX Private Branch Exchange 

PC Personal Computer + Printed Circuit + Program Counter 

PCB Printed Circuit Board + Program Control Block 

PC-DOS Personal Computer - Disk Operating System 

(IBM version of MSDOS) 

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect [Intel] 

PC-I/O Program Controlled I/O 

PCL Printer Command Language [HP] + Process Control Language 

PCM Personal Computer Manufacturer + Pulse Code Modulation 


PCMIA PC Memory-Card International Association 

PCNFS Personal Computer Network File System 

PCS Patchable Control Store + 

Personal Communication Services + 

Planning Control Sheet + Print Contrast Signal + 

Process Control Systems + Program Counter Store + 

Programmable Drive Table + Project Control System 

PCT Picture (file name extension) 

PCX Picture Image (file name extension) 

PD Public Domain 

PDA Personal Digital Assistant 

PDD Physical Device Driver 

PDF Portable Document Format + 

Processor Defined Function + 

Program Development Facility 

PDF Printer Description (file name extension)[Borlund,Lotus] 

PDIAL Public Dialup Internet Access List [Internet] 

PDL Page Description Language + Program Description Language 

+ Program Design Language 

PDN Public Data Network 

PDP Progammable Data Processor + 

(DEC Computer System Designation, i.e. PDP-8, PDP-11) 

PDS Packet Driver Specification + Partitioned Data Set 

PDSS Post Development and Software Support 

PDT Programmable Drive Table 

.PDX Paradox files (file name extension) [Borlund] 

PE Parity Even + Protect Enable 

PEA Pocket Ethernet Adapter 

PEL Picture Element [IBM] 

PEN SDK Pen Computing Software Development Kit 

PEP Packetized Ensemble Protocol [Telebit] 

PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique 

PES Positioning Error Signal + Processor Enhancement Socket 

Processor Upgrade Socket 

PET Print Enhancement Technology [Compaq] 

PFM Printer Font Metrics (file name extension) [Windows] 

PFR Power-Fail Restart 

PGA Pin Grid Array + Professional Graphics Adapter [IBM] 

PGDN Page Down 

.PGL Graphics (file name extension) [Hewlett-Packard] 

PGM Program 

.PGP ProGram Parameter (file name extension) [AutoCAD] 

PGUP Page Up 

PHIGS Programmers' Hierarchial Interactive Graphics Standards 

PHO Phone List (file name extension) 

PI Program Interruption

PIA Peripheral Interface Adapter 

PIC Priority Interrupt Controller + 

Program Interrupt Controller 

PIC Graph (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] 

PID Process Identification Number 

PIF Program Information File 

PILOT Programmed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching 

PIM Personal Information Manager 

PIN Personal Identification Number 

PIO Parallel Input/Output + Processor Input/Output + 

Programmed Input/Output 

PIP Picture In Picture + Programmable Interconnect Point 

PIPO Parallel In, Parallel Out 

PIT Programmable Interval Timer 

PIXEL Picture Element 

PL Plus 

PLA Programmable Logic-Array 

PLATO Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations 

PLC Programmable Logic Controller 

PLCC Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier 

PLD Programmable Logic Device 

PLL Phase Locked Loop 

PLL Prelinked Library (file name extension) [Clipper] 

PL/M Programming Language for Micros 

PLV Production Level Video 

PL/1 * Programming Language One 

PM Presentation Manager [IBM] + Preventative Maintenance 

PMMU Paged Memory Management Unit 

PMOS Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

PO Parity Odd 

POL Problem Oriented Language 

POP Point Of Presence [MCI] + Pop from Stack + 

Post Office Protocol 

POPA Pop All Registers 

POPF Pop Flags 

POS Point Of Sale + Positive + Programmable Object Select 

POSIX Portable Oprating System Environment Standard [IEEE] 

POST Power-On Self Test 

POSTNET Postal Numeric Encoding Technique 

PPDS Personal Printer Data Stream [IBM] 

PPM Pages Per Minute 

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol [Internet] 

PRD Printer Driver (file name extension) [Word] 

PRF Preferences (file name extension) [Grammatik IV] 

PRG Program (file name extension) 

PRMD Private Mangement Domain [X.400} 

PRO Profile (file name extension) 

PROC Procedure 

PROFS Professional Office System [IBM] 

PROG Program + Programmer 

PROLOG Programming In Logic (Programming Language)(See HLL) 

PROM Programmable Read Only Memory 

PRN Printer 

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol 

.PRS Printer (file name extension) [WordPerfect] 

PRTSC Print Screen 

PS Proportional Spacing 

.PS PostScript (file name extension) 

PS/2 Programming System 2 [IBM] 

PSC Product Service Center 

PSF Permanent Swap File 

PSP Program Segment Prefix 

P-SRAM Pseudo-Static Random Access Memory 

PSW Program Status Word 

PT Page Table

P/T Part Time 

PTD Parallel Transfer Disk Drive 

PUB Publication + Publish 

.PUB Publication (file name extension) [Ventura] 

PUS Processor Upgrade Socket 

PUSHA Push All Registers 

PUSHF Push Flags 

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride 

PVM Pass-through Virtual Machine (protocol) [IBM] 

PWB Printed Wire Board + 

Programmer's Workbench [Microsoft] 

PWR Power 

.PX Primary Index (file name extension) [Paradox] 

QA Quality Assurance 

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 

QBE Query By Example 

QBF Query by Form 

QC Quality Control 

QDOS Quick and Dirty Operating System 

.QDI Dictionary (file name extension) [Quicken] 

.QDT Data (file name extension) [Quicken] 

QFA Quick File Access 

QIC Quality Information Using Cycle Time [Hewlett-Packard] + 

Quarter-Inch Cartridge 

.QIF Quicken Interchange Format (file name extension) 

.QMT Memorized List (file name extension) [Quicken] 

.QNX Indexes to Data (file name extension) [Quicken] 

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 

RA Return Authorization 

RACF Resource Access Control Facility 

RAG Row Address Generator 

RAID Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks + 

Redundant Arrays of Independent Drives + 

Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks 

RALU Register Arithmetic Logic Unit 

RAM Random Access Memory 

RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog 

Converter [Sierra] 

RAND Random 

RAP Rapid Application Prototyping 

RAS Random Access Storage + 

Reliability, Availability and Serviceability + 

Row Address Select 

RB Right Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse) 

RBBS Remote Bulletin Board System 

RCL Rotate Carry Left 

RCP Restore Cursor Position 

RCR Rotate Carry Right 

RCS Records Communications Switching System 

RD Receive Data + Remove Directory 

R&D Research and Development 

RDA Remote Database Access 

RDB Receive Data Buffer + Relational Database 

RDBMS Relational Database Mangement System 

RDCLK Received Timing Clock 

RDSR Receiver Data Service Request 

.REC Recorder (file name extension) 

.REF Reference (file name extension) 

REG Register 

REGAL Rigid Epoxy Glass Acrylic Laminate 

RELSECT Relative Sector 

REM Remark + Remote + Ring Error Monitor 

REN Rename 

REP Repeat 

REPE Repeat while Equal

REPNE Repeat while Not Equal 

REPNZ Repeat while Not Zero 

REPZ Repeat while Zero 

REQ Request 

RES Remote Execution Service + Reset + Resolution 

RES Resource (file name extension) 

RET Resolution Enhancement Technology [HP] + 

Return 

REX Relocatable Executable 

REXX Restructured Extended Executor (language) [IBM] 


RFC Request For Comments [Internet] 

RFI Radio Frequency Interference 


RFS Remote File System 

RFT Revisable Form Text + Rich Text Format 

RFU Reserved For Future Use 

RGB Red-Green-Blue (color model) 

RI Referential Integrity 

RIFF Resource Interschange File Format [Microsoft] 

RIM Remote Installation and Maintenance [Microsoft] 

RIME RelayNet International Message Exchange 

RIP Raster Image Processor + 

Remote Image Protocol + 

Routing Information Protocol [Novell] 

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer 

RJE Remote Job Entry 

RLE Run Length Encoded 

RLL Run Length Limited 

RLN Remote LAN Node [DCA] 

RLSD Received Line Signal Detected 

RLSI * Ridiculously Large-Scale Integration 

RM Reset Mode 

RMA Return Material Authorization + 

Return to Manufacturer Authorization 

RMDIR Remove Directory 

RMON Remote Monitor/Monitoring 

RMS Record Management Services + Root Mean Square 

RND Random 

R-O Read Only 

ROL Rotate Left 

ROM Read Only Memory 

ROR Rotate Right 

RPC Real Procedure Call + Remote Procedure Call 

RPG Report Program Generator (Programming Language) 

RPL Resident Programming Language + 

Requested Privilege Level 

RPPROM Reprogrammable PROM 

RPT Repeat 

RPQ Request for Price Quotation 

RQBE Relational Query By Example [Fox Pro] 

RR Real Reality 

RS Radio Shack + Request to Send + 

Recommended Standard (as in RS-232) [EIA] 

RSCS Remote Spooling Communications System 

RSL Request-and-Status Link 

RSP Required Space Character 

RST Reset + Restart 

RSTS Resource Sharing Time Sharing [Digital] 

RSX Real Time Resource Sharing Executive 

RT Real Time + RISC Technology + Run Time 

R/T Receive/Transmit 

RTAM Remote Terminal Access Method 

RTC Real-Time Clock 

RTF Rich Text Format

RTL Register Transfer Language + 

Resistor Transistor Logic + Run Time Library 

RTM Response Time Monitor 

RTOS Real-Time Operating System 

RTS Request To Send 

RTTY Radio Teletypewriter (Communications) 

RTV Real Time Video 

R/W Read/Write 

RWM Read-Write Memory 

RX Receiver 

RXD Received Data 

SAA Systems Application Architecture [IBM] 

SADL Synchronous Data Link Control [Racal-Vadic] 

SAINT * Symbolic Automatic Integrator 

SAL Shift Arithmetic Left 

SAM Serial Access Memory + 

Sequential Access Method 

SAP Second Audio Program + Service Access Point [DEC] 

SAP * Symbolic Assembly Program 

SAR Shift Arithmetic Right + 

Successive Approximation Register 

SAS Sales Accounting System + Single Audio System 

.SAV Saved (file name extension) 

SAVDM Single Application VDM 

SB Sound Board 

SBB Subtract With Borrow 

SBC Single-Board Computer 

SBCS Single-Byte Character Set 

SCAS Scan String 

SCB Subsystem Control Block [IBM] 

SCC Serial Communications Controllers + 

Serial Controller Chip + 

Synchronous Channel Check [IBM] 

SCD Standard Color Display 

SCF System Control Facility 

SCM Software Configuration Management 

SCO Santa Cruz Operation (Software Company) 

SCOPE Simple Communications Programming Enironment 

[Hayes] 

SCP Save Cursor Position + Subsystem Control Port + 

System Control Program 

SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier 

.SCR Script (file name extension) 

SCRN Screen (video display) 

SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface 

SD Send Data 

SDA Software Disk Array + Source Data Automation + 

System Display Architecture [Digital] 

SDF Space Delimited File + Space Delimited Format 

.SDF Standard Data Format (file name extension) 

SDK Software Developer's Kit [Microsoft] 

SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (protocol) 

SDN Software Defined Network [AT&T] 

SDNS Secure Data Network Service 

SDR Streaming Data Request 

SDS Sysops Distribution System 

SD_STB Streaming Data Strobe [IBM] 

SEA Standard Extended Attribute [OS/2] 

SEAC * Name of first computer to use transistors, built 

by Standard Eastern Automating Computing 

SEC Single Error Correction 

SECAM Sequential Color And Memory 

SED Stream Editor 

SEG Segment 

SEL Select

SEM Scanning Electron Microscope + 

Standard Electronic Module 

SER Serial 

SET Softwave Engineering Technology 

.SET Driver Set (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] + 

Image Settings (file name extension) [Paradox] 

SEU Smallest Executable Unit 

SF Sign Flag 

SFQL Structured Full-text Query Language 

SFT System Fault Tolerance 

SFX Sound Effect(s) 

SGEN Signal Generator + System Generator 

SGDT Store Global Descriptor Table 

SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language 

SGR Set Graphics Rendition 

S/H Sample and Hold 

SHAR Shell Archive 

SHL Shift Logical Left 

SHR Shift Logical Right 

SI Source Index + System Information 

SID Station Identification [AT&T] + 

Symbolic Interactive Debugger 

SIDT Store Interrupt Descriptor Table 

SIG Special Interest Group 

SIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications 

and Technology 

SIM Simulator 

SIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor) 

SIMM Single In-line Memory Module 

SIMULA Simulation (language) 

SIO Serial Input/Output (communications driver) 

SIP Single In-line Package 

SIPO Serial In, Parallel Out 

SIPP Single In-line Pin Package 

SIT Special Information Tones 

SISO Serial In, Serial Out 

SLDT Store Local Descriptor Table 

SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol 

SLMR Silly Little Modem Reader 

SLOSH Sea, Lake and Overland Surge from Hurricane (program) 

SLSI Super Large-Scale Integration 

SM Set Mode 

SMB Server Message Block (protocol) [MII] 

SMD Surface Mounted Device 

SMDS Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service 

SMF System Manager Facility [Compaq] 

SMI System Management Interrupts [Intel] 

SMIF Standard Mechanical Interface 

SMIT System Management Interface Tool [IBM] 

SMK Software Migration Kit [Microsoft] 

SMM System Mangement Mode 

SMP Symbolic Manipulation Program + 

Symmetrical Multiprocessor (machine) 

SMPS Switching Mode Power Supply 

SMRAM System Management Random Access Memory 

SMSW Store Machine Status Word 

SMT Surface-Mount Technology 

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 

SMU System Management Utility 

SN Serial Number 

S/N Signal-to-Noise (Ratio) 

SNA Systems Network Architecture [IBM] 

SND Sound 

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 

SNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language (Progamming Language)

SNP Serial Number/Password [Omen Technology] 

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio 

SOC System On a Chip 

SOE Standard Operating Environment 

SOH Start of Heading 

SOL Simulation Oriented Language 

SOM Start of Message + System Object Model [IBM] 

SOP Standard Operating Procedures 

SOS Silicon On Sapphire + Standards and Open Systems 

SOTA State Of The Art 

SOX Sound Exchange 

SP Service Pack [IBM] + Stack Pointer + System Product 

SPA Software Publishers Association 

SPARC Scalable Processor Architecture 

SPC Small Peripheral Controller + Statistical Process Control 

SPCL Spectrum Cellular Corporation 

SPF Shortest Path First + System Programming Facility 

SPI Service Provider Interface 

SPIKE Science Planning Intelligent Knowledge-Based 

Environment [STScI] 

SPL Spooler 

.SPL Spell Checker (file name extension) 

SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On Line 

SPS Standby Power System 

SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 

SPT Sectors Per Track 

SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange [Novell] 

SQ Squeezed (files) 

SQL Structured Query Language 

SQRT Square Root 

SR Shift Register 

SRAM Shadow Random Access Memory + 

Static Random Access Memory 

SRD Screen Reader System 

SRO Sharable and Read Only 

SRQ Service Request 

SRR Serially Reusable Resource 

SS Stack Segment + Single Sided + Seconds 

SSEC * Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator [IBM] 

SSGA System Suppport Gate Array 

SSI Small Scale Integration 

SST Spread-Spectrum Technology 

STA Spanning Tree Algorithm 

STB Strobe 

STC Set Carry Flag 

STD Set Direction Flag + Standard 

STDA StreetTalk Directory Assistance [Banyan] 

STDAUX Standard Auxillary 

STDERR Standard Error 

STDIN Standard Input 

STDIO.H Standard Input/Output Header [C] 

STDOUT Standard Output 

STDPRN Standard Printer 

.STF Structured File (file name extension) [Lotus Agenda] 

STI Set Interrupt Flag 

STN Supertwist Nematic 

STOS Store String 

STP Shielded Twisted Pair (cable) + Signal Transfer Point 

STR Store Task Register + Synchronous Transmitter Receiver 

STRESS Structural Engineering System Solver (Programming 

Language) 

STRUDL Structural Design Language (Programming Language) 

STScI Space Telescope Science Institute 

STX Start of Text 

.STY Style (file name extension) [Ventura, Word, WordPerfect]

SUB Subroutine + Substitute + Subtract 

.SUP Supplemental Dictionary (file name extension) 

[WordPerfect] 

SVGA Super Video Graphics Array 

S-VHS Super VHS 

S/W Software 

.SWP Swap (file name extension) 

SYLK Symbolic Link 

.SYM Symbols (file name extension) 

.SYN Synonym (file name extension) 

SYNC Synchronous 

SYS System 

.SYS System Configuration (file name extension) + 

System Device Driver (file name extension) 

SYSGEN System Generator 

SYSLOG System Log 

SYSMOD System Modification 

SYSOP System Operator 

SYSREQ System Request 

TAD Telephone Answering Device 

TAPCIS The Access Program for the CompuServe 

Information Service 

TAR Tape Archive 

TASM Turbo Assembler [Borland] 

TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Tranceiver Interface 

TB Terabyte (1,000 gigabytes) 

T/B Top and Bottom 

TBBS The Bread Board System (BBS) 

.TBK Toolbook (file name extension) 

TCM Trellis-Coded Modulation 

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 

TD Transmit Data 

TDtoDP Tablet Coordinates to Display Coordinates 

(converting) 

TDE Terminal Display Editor 

.TDF Trace Definition File (file name extension) [OS/2] + 

Typeface Definition File (file name extension) 

TDM Time Division Multiplexing 

TDMS Terminal Display Management System 

TDSR Transmitter Data Service Request 

TDR Time Domain Reflectometry 

TE/2 Terminal Emulator/2 [Oberon] 

TEC Tokyo Electronics Corporation 

TED Tiny Editor 

TEML Turbo Editor Macro Language [Borlund] 

TER Thermal Eclipse Reading [Sony] 

TERMPWR Terminator Power 

TFDD Text File Device Driver 

TFEL Thin-Film Electroluminescent 

.TFM Tagged Font Metric (file name extension) 

TFT Thin-Film Transistor (screens) 

.THD Thread (file name extension) 

THOR Tandy High-Performance Optical Recording 

.THS Thesaurus (file name extension) 

TI Texas Instruments, Inc. 

TID Target ID 

TIES Time Independent Escape Sequence 

.TIF Tagged Image File (filename extension) 

TIFF Tagged Image File Format 

TIGA Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture 

TIGER Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding 

and Referencing 

TIP Terminal Interface Processor 

TLB Translation Lookaside Buffer 

TLI Transport Layer Interface

TLU Table Lookup 

.TLX Telex (file name extension) 

TM Trademark 

TMP Temporary 

TN Twisted Nematic 

TNC Terminal Node Controller 

TOP Technical and Office Protocol 

TPC Transaction Processing Performance Council 

TPI Tracks Per Inch 

TPL Table Producing Language 

TPM Transactions Per Minute 

TPORT Twisted Pair Port Transceiver [AT&T] 

TPS Transactions Per Second + 

Transaction Processing System 

TPW Turbo Pascal for Windows 

TQM Total Quality Management 

TR Terminal Ready 

T/R Transmit/Receive 

TRADIC * Transistorized Airborne Digital Computer 

(Name of first computer to be entirely 

transistorized) 

.TRM Terminal (file name extension) 

TRON The Real-Time Operating System Nucleus 

TS Top Secret 

TSA Technical Support Alliance 

TSB Termination Status Block 

TSO Time Sharing Option 

TSR Terminate and Stay Resident 

TSS Task State Segment + Time Sharing System 

TS/SI Top Secret/Sensitive Information 

.TST Test (file name extension) 

TSTN Triple Supertwisted Nematic 

.TTF TrueType Font (file name extension) 

TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic 

TTS Transaction Tracking System 

TTY Teletype 

TUI Text-Based User Interface [WordPerfect] 

.TUT Tutorial (file name extension) 

TVI Television Interference 

TWX Teletypewriter Exchange Service 

TXD Transmitted Data 

TXT Text 

TXT2STF Text To Structured File [Lotus Agenda] 

UA User Agent + User Area 

UAE Unrecoverable Application Error 

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 

UCL Universal Communications Language 

UDC User Defined Commands 

UDF User Defined Functions 

UDP User Datagram Protocol 

UG User Group 

UI Unix International + User Interface 

UID User Identifier 

UL Underwriters Laboratories + Upload 

ULA Uncommitted Logic Array 

ULN Universal Link Negotiation 

ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration 

UMB Upper Memory Block [LIM/AST] 

UNC Universal Naming Convention 

UNCOL Universal Computed Oriented Language 

UNICOM Universal Integrated Communication (System) 

UNICOS Universal Compiler FORTRAN compatible 

UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer 

UNIX (AT&T Bell Laboratories Operating System) 

UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture

UPC Universal Product Code 

UPL User Program Language 

UPM User Profile Management [IBM] 

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply + 

Uninterruptible Power System 

UREP Unix RSCS Emulation Protocol (protocol) 

USART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Reciever/Transmitter 

USERID User Identification 

USQ Unsqueezed (files) 

USR US Robotics (corporation) 

USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver/Transmitter 

USSA User Supported Software Association (United Kingdom) 

UT User Terminal 

UTC Coordinated Universal Time 

UTI Universal Text Interchange 

UTP Unshielded Twisted-Pair (cable) 

UU Uuencode/Uudecode 

UUCP Unix-To-Unix Copy Program 

UUI User-To-User Information [AT&T] 

UV Ultraviolet 

VA Virtual Address 

VAD Value Added Dealer 

VADD Value Added Disk Driver 

VAL Value + Voice Application Language 

.VAL Validity Checks (file name extension) [Paradox] 

VAM Virtual Access Method 

VAN Value Added Network 

VAP Value Added Processes 

VAR Value Added Reseller + Value Added Retailer + Variable 

VAX/VMS Virtual Address Extension/Virtual Memory System [DEC] 

VB Variable Block 

.VBX Visual Basic (file name extension) 

VCD Virtual Communications Driver 

VCPI Virtual Control Program Interface 

VCR Video Cassette Recorder 

VDD Virtual Device Driver 

VDDM Virtual Device Driver Manager 

VDE Video Display Editor 

VDISK Virtual Disk 

VDM Virtual DOS Machine [IBM] 

VDS Virtual DMA Services 

VDT Video Display Terminal 

VDU Video Display Unit + Visual Display Unit 

VEGA Video-7 Enhanced Graphics Adapter [Video-7, Inc.] 

VEMM Virtual Expanded Memory Manager 

VER Verify 

VERR Verify Read Access 

VERW Verify Write Access 

VESA Video Electronics Standards Association 

VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Display 

VGA Video Graphics Array 

VGC Video Graphics Controller 

VHS Very High Speed + Virtual Host Storage 

VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit 

VIM Vendor Independent Messaging (interface) 

VIO Video Input/Output + Virtual Input/Output 

VINES Virtual Network Operating System [Banyan] 

VIP Variable Information Processing 

VIPER Verifiable Integrated Processor for 

Enhanced Reliability 

VIS Video Information System [Tandy] + 

Voice Information System 

VL-BUS Vesa Local-Bus [VESA] 

VLF Very Low Frequency 

VLIW Very Long Instruction Word (machine)


VLSIPS Very Large Scale Immobilized Polymer Synthesis 

VLT Variable List Table 

VM Virtual Machine 

VMA Virtual Memory Address 

VMB Virtual Machine Boot 

VMM Virtual Memory Manager 

VMOS Vertical MOS 

VMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message System 

VMT Virtual Memory Technique 

VOL Volume 

VOM Volt Ohm Meter 

VOS Verbal Operating System 

VPD Virtual Printer Device 

VPDS Virtual Private Data Service [MCI] 

VR Virtual Reality + Voltage Regulator 

VRAM Video Random Access Memory 

VROOMM Virtual Real-time Object Oriented 

Memory Manager [Borlund] 

.VRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension) 

VRU Voice Response Unit 

VS Virtual Storage 

VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method 

VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal 

VSE Virtual Storage Extended 

VSF Vertical Scanning Frequency 

VSLI Very Large Scale Integration 

VSM Virtual Storage Management 

VSOS Virtual Storage Operating System 

VSYNC Vertical Sync 

VTAM Virtual Telecommunications Access Method [IBM] 

VUI Video User Interface 

VUP VAX Unit of Performance 

VMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message System 

W/ With 

WAIS Wide Area Information Server/Service 

WAITS Wide Area Information Transfer System 

WAN Wide Area Network 

WATS Wide Area Telecommunications Service 

.WAV Waveform Audio (file name extension) 

WC Word Count 

WELL Whole Earth Lectronic Link (BBS) 

WFW Windows For Workgroups [Microsoft] 

WGS Work Group System 

WINForum Wireless Information Networks Forum 

WINWORD Word For Windows [Microsoft] 

WISE WordPerfect Information System Environment 

.WKB Workbook (file name extension) [WordPerfect] 

.WKE Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] 

.WKQ Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU] 

.WKS Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] 

.WKZ Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU] 

.WK1 Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] 

.WMF Windows Metafile (file name extension) [Microsoft] 

WNIC Wide-Area Network Interface Co-Processor 

WNIM Wide-Area Network Interface Module 

W/O Without 

WORM Write Once, Read Many 

WOSA Windows Open Services Architecture [Microsoft] 

WP WordPerfect + Word Processing + Write Protected 

.WPG Graphics (file name extension) [WordPerfect] 

WPHD Write-Protect Hard Disk 

.WPK Keyboard (file name extension) [WordPerfect] 

WPM Words Per Minute 

.WPM Macro (file name extension) [WordPerfect]

WPS Windows Printing System [Microsoft] + 

Workplace Shell [OS2] 

.WQ1 Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU] 

.WQ! Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU] 

WS WordStar + Workstation 

WT Write Through 

WYSBYGI What You See Before You Get It 

WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get 

XA Extended Architecture + Extended Attribute 

XAPIA X.400 Application Program Interface Association 

X2B Hexadecimal to Binary [REXX] 

X2C Hexadecimal to Character [REXX] 

XCHG Exchange 

XCMD External Command 

XCOPY Extended Copy 

X2D Hexadecimal to Decimal [REXX] 

XDR External Data Representation 

XFCN External Function 

XGA Extended Graphics Array [IBM] 

XID Exchange Identifier 

XIOS Extended Input/Output System 

XLAT Translate 

XLM Excel Macro Language [Microsoft] 

XMIT Transmit 

XMM Extended Memory Manager [LIM/AST] 

XMS Extended Memory Specification [LIM/AST] 

XNS Xerox Network System (protocol) [Xerox] 

XOFF Transmitter Off 

XON Transmitter On 

XOR Exclusive OR (Also EOR) 

XSMD Extended Storage Module Drive (interface) 

XTAL Crystal 

XTCLK External Transmit Clock 

YAM Yet Another Modem [Omen Technology] 

ZBR Zone Bit Recording 

Z-CAV Zoned Constant Angular Velocity 

ZDS Zenith Data Systems 

ZIF Zero-Insertion Force (socket) 

ZIP Zigzag In-Line Package + 

Zone Improvement Plan (ZIPcode) 

.ZIP Compressed File (file name extension) [PKWare] 

.ZOO Compressed File (file name extension) [Dhesi] 

ZSL Zero Slot LAN 

.$$$ Temporary File (file name extension) 

APPENDIX B: 

In electronic mail, some of the following "smiley faces" rather than words, are used to express the writer's feelings. 

Turn your head to the side to read them. 

:-) Smile :-D Laughing 

:) Smile :-} Grin 

:-] Smirk :-( Frown 

;-) Wink :-X Close-mouthed 

8-) Wide-eyed :-O Open-mouthed 

:-|) I wear a :-Q But I don't inhale moustache 

:-o Oh, no! 

Also used: Grin 

Wide Grin 

Very wide grin

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

CSGNetwork's Online Computer, Telephony & 

Electronics Reference 

Computer Support Group & CSGNetwork.Com Online 

Computer, Telephony & Electronics Industry Glossary 

P1 

It is used to denote the original Intel Pentium line of processors. See FSB. 

P2 

It is used to denote the Intel Pentium II line of processors. 

See FSB. 

P2P 

This is an abbreviation for peer-to-peer, a particular type 

of networking protocol. 

P3 

1. P3 is AOL's data transfer protocol. It is comparable to 

ZMODEM. The same technology is used by other ISP s 

also. 

2. It is also often used to denote the Intel Pentium III line 

of processors. See FSB. 

P4 

P4 is used to denote the new Intel Pentium IV line of 

processors, due for November 2000 release . See FSB . 

PABX 

An acronym for Private Automatic Branch eXchange; 

telephony jargon. A phone system used to switch 

telephones between extensions and to outside lines. For 

incoming and outgoing (dial 9) calls. Sometimes just called 

PBX though a PBX system does not have to be automatic 

or may not even have the capability for total automation. 

packet 

A unit of data sent across a network. When a large block of 

data is to be sent over a network, it is broken up into 

several packets, sent, and the reassembled at the other end. 

Packets often include checksum codes to detect 

transmission errors. The exact layout of an individual 

packet is determined by the protocol and network 

architecture being used. In many cases, it could be also 

called a sub-unit of a data stream; a grouping of 

information that includes a header (containing information 

like address destination) and, in most cases, user data. This 

is not to be confused with "Pack It!", a term many arrogant 

programmers have heard from many supervisors over the 

years. 

packet reflection 

This error message is received when a packet of data could 

not be transmitted properly and was sent back (reflected) to 

the origin. This is a network based error. 

packet sniffing 

The intentional and usually illegal act of intercepting 

packets of data being transmitted over the Internet and 

searching them for information. This can be done without

the sender's or recipient's knowledge. It is the equivalent of 

line-tapping. 

packet switched network or PSN 

A network sub-architecture that does not establish a 

dedicated path through the network for the duration of a 

session, opting instead to transmit data in units called 

packets in a connectionless manner; data streams are 

broken into packets at the front end of a transmission, sent 

over the best available network connection of possibly 

many, and then reassembled in their original order at the 

destination endpoint. 

packet switching 

A switching system that uses a physical communications 

connection only long enough to transit a data message; data 

messages are disassembled into packets and reassembled at 

the receiving end of the communication link; packets may 

travel over many diverse communications links to get to 

the common endpoint. This is most often contrasted with 

circuit switching in data communications, where all data 

messages transmitted during a session are transmitted over 

the same path for the duration of the session. 

pad 

1. A specially surfaced material to allow the users of mice, 

a place to optimize operation. 

2. A graphics tablet for data input into programs such as 

CAD/CAM . They are often mouse-like in function but 

stationary with a pointer that moves over them 

stationary with a pointer that moves over them. 

3. An acronym for Packet Assembler/Disassembler. The 

hardware device used to connect simple devices (like 

character mode terminals) that do not support the full 

functionality of a particular protocol to a network. PADs 

buffer data and assemble and disassemble packets sent to 

such end devices. 

4. A digitizer. 

5. A place where many nerdy type programmers lived in 

the '60s. 

pad character 

1. A character used to fill empty space. (In some cases, it 

could be considered "education"...) Many applications 

have fields that must be a particular length. For example, in 

a database application, you may have a field that is ten 

characters in length. If you use only four of the allotted 

characters, the program itself must fill in the remaining six 

characters with pad characters. Some applications allow 

you to choose the character to be used as padding. Most 

padding by default is done with a space character, as issued 

by the space bar. 

2. A "home body" from the 1960's. 

pagination 

The process, in most word processors, of calculating the 

properties of a page in order to assign page breaks. 

PAL 

Excite's online instant message service. Get it at

HTTP://WWW.EXCITE.COM/COMMUNITIES/PAL/HOME. 

See others like PAL here. 

Palmtop 

Palmtops are a class of portable personal computers 

(generally with PDA software) that fit in the palm of your 

hand. One of the most well-known palmtops is the Pilot, 

developed by PalmOS and marketed originally by US 

Robotics, now 3COM. 

Panasonic 

A leading manufacturer and supplier in all commercial 

electronics industries worldwide. They have several 

International manufacturing and operations locations. See 

them at HTTP://WWW.PANASONIC.COM . 

Paper Mail 

Some E-Mail services offer this service so that you can 

send Internet E-Mail to people who don't even own 

computers. A form of snail-mail. A loose reference to the 

US Mail service. See mail. 

parallel 

1. A form of data transfer and communications, most often 

used with printers. It is the opposite of and an alternative to 

serial communications. Printers and other devices are said 

to be either parallel or serial. Parallel means the device is 

capable of receiving more than one bit at a time (that is, it 

receives several bits in parallel). Most modern printers are 

parallel or USB. 

2. A type of bus connection, transferring data in a similar 

means as a parallel printer connection. 

3. In electronics, two components can be connected 

together in two different ways, series and parallel. Each 

component has two different ends or poles. They can be 

positive and negative but may not be. For identification, 

they are known as Alpha and Beta. While the nomenclature 

is not exactly original, it serves the purpose. If similar 

components, such as a resistor and another resistor, or a 

capacitor and another capacitor, are in parallel in a circuit, 

the alpha pole of one is connected to the alpha pole of the 

other, directly, while the beta pole and other beta pole also 

connect directly. See our Parallel Resistance Calculator 

and our Parallel Capacitance Calculator to resolve 

values for either resistance or capacitance. 

parameter 

A guideline or limitation of software or process functions. 

In the case of search software, parameters are Boolean 

factors, the words or letters you are trying to find, where 

you want the search to include in the looking process and 

the like. 

Parental Control 

Parental Control is an ISP feature that allows a parent to 

restrict a child's access to certain areas of ISP provided 

services and the Ineternet . Such control is also available 

in most modern browsers and is available as a separate 

application . While it is not foolproof, it is a good thing. 

There are also some standards being set on the web. See

Net Nanny , Safe For Kids , CyberAngels , SafeSurf or 

Recreational Software Advisory Council for more 

information. These are certainly not all involved but a 

representative group. This site CSGNETWORK.COM, is 

rated for users of all age groups and is devoted to keeping 

unfit material off the Internet, at least filtering it. 

parity 

A method of data integrity checking that adds a single bit 

to each byte of data. The parity bit is responsible for 

checking for errors in the other 8 bits (or less, depending 

on the arrangement). Parity is logic that detects the 

presence of an error in memory. Generally, a single parity 

bit is used for each byte (8 bits) of data. The most 

commonly used forms of parity are even parity odd parity 

commonly used forms of parity are even parity, odd parity, 

and checksums. 

parse 

To search through a stream of text and either break it up 

into useful chunks of information or reformat it in some 

other manner. 

partition 

1. A portion or a segment of memory or storage memory, 

such as a hard disk. Most commonly used as a section of a 

hard drive. Hence the name partition. When you format a 

hard drive, you can assign the number of partitions you 

want on a physical hard disk. The computer will recognize 

each partition as a separate drive, and they will show up as 

different drives under most operating systems; a logical 

drive. 

2. The act of creating a logical drive. 

3. To break into smaller sections, such as a hard drive. 

Most often, smaller but multiple partitions can improve the 

efficiency of your hard drive. On larger drives, the cluster, 

or block sizes (the minimum amount of space a file can 

take up), are also very large, which can result in a waste of 

disk space. So multiple partitions can actually give you 

more space. 

4. Partitioning can also be used to allow multiple operating 

systems on the same drive of a given computer. Most of the 

32bit file structures do not allow that but earlier OS 

software, such as Windows 85, 98 (original), OS2, DOS 

and early NT did. 

5. A form of computer office and work area segregation so 

that hardware people can be isolated from software people. 

PASC Mail 

An acronym for Portable Applications Standards 

Committee; a group within the IEEE. PASC is the group 

that has and continues to develop the POSIX family of 

standards. See them at HTTP://WWW.PASC.ORG . 

password 

Your password is like a key to your home. It is one of the 

primary forms of online security. It is needed for you to get 

online, and to change your billing information. A different 

password is often needed for applications that are online.

NEVER GIVE YOUR PASSWORD(s) TO ANYONE. 

Most ISP's staff will NEVER ask you for your password. If 

someone does ask for that password, challenge them as to 

who they really are. 

password surfing 

Like any large community, all ISP services have their share 

of undesirable characters. On most services, they make 

themselves known by masquerading as ISP employees 

Frequently they will send a new member an instant 

message or E-Mail claiming that the system has lost their 

information, or offering them free service for a year. This is 

called password surfing. These people are NOT ISP 

employees, and they are trying to steal from you. To 

protect yourself, NEVER give your password or billing 

information to anyone. Most ISP employees will never ask 

you for your password or billing information. 

path 

The hierarchical description of where a directory, folder, or 

file is located on your computer or on a network. 

payload 

A telephony term that describes the portion of a frame or 

cell that carries user traffic. It is effectively what remains in 

the frame or cell if you take out all headers or trailers. 

PBX 

1. A telephony acronym denoting Private Branch 

Exchange, a physical private telephone network. 

2. A small telephone switching system (exchange) usually 

on a customer's premises that also connects to the public 

switched telephone network. See PABX. 

PC 

See personal computer. 

PC100 

In roughly the middle of 1998, Intel introduced the BX 

chip set to their motherboard designs. One element in this 

new architecture included an increase in the PC main 

memory bus speed (Host bus) from 66 to 100 MHz, called 

PC100. To match the 100MHz bus speed, 100MHz 

SDRAM modules are used. These modules are often 

referred to as PC100 compliant. See personal computer 

(PC). 

PCAV 

An acronym for Partial Constant Angular Velocity. See 

(CAV) and (CLV). 

PC133 

A further extension of the PC100 specification, the PC133 

specification details the requirements for SDRAM used on 

133MHz FSB motherboards. PC133 SDRAM can be used 

on 100MHz FSB motherboards but will not yield a 

performance advantage over PC100 memory at 100MHz. 

See personal computer. 

PCB 

A component made up of layers of copper and fiberglass; 

the surface of a PCB features a pattern of copper lines, or 

"traces," that provide electrical connections for chips and

other components that mount on the surface of the PCB. A 

term used in the electronics industry to denote a RAW 

(non-populated) Printed Circuit Board. Once components 

are populated on it, the board is sometimes called a card. 

See motherboard, systemboard or mainboard . 

PC Card 

The current and newest name for PCMCIA. 

PCDOS 

The sometimes used name for PCOS. 

PCI 

Acronym for Peripheral Component Interconnect, a local 

bus computer standard developed by Intel Corporation. 

Most modern PCs include a bus that is only PCI capable; 

early PCI designs incorporated the PCI bus in addition to a 

more general ISA expansion bus. Those are now called 

Legacy capable motherboards. Many analysts, however, 

believe that PCI will eventually supplant ISA entirely; it 

appears that non ISA systems are now the norm rather than 

the exception in the year 2000. PCI is also used on newer 

versions of the Macintosh computer. PCI is a 64-bit bus, 

though it is usually implemented as a 32-bit bus. It can run 

at clock speeds of 33 or 66 MHz. At 32 bits and 33 MHz, it 

yields a throughput rate of 133 MBps. Board pin density is 

also greater and for confusion avoidance, boards will not 

interchange in ISA and PCI slots. Although it was 

developed by Intel, PCI is not tied to any particular family 

of microprocessors. 

PCL 

The acronym for Printer Control Language, a product of 

HP. This was originally designed by HP for the LaserJet+. 

It is now the base, in revision 5, of all of the printers in the 

HP line. It is an interpreted language, similar to but more 

intelligent than PostScript. 

PCM 

A telephony term describing a particular type of 

modulation, Pulse Code Modulation. 

PCMCIA 

An acronym meaning Personal Computer Memory Card 

Industry Association. A standard that allows 

interchangeability of various computing components on the 

same connector. The PCMCIA standard is designed to 

support input/output (I/O) devices, including memory, 

Fax/modem, SCSI, and networking products. Many laptop 

computers use these devices as modems or network 

interfaces. It is an organization consisting of some 500 

companies that has developed a standard for small, credit 

card-sized devices, called PC Cards. Originally designed 

for adding memory to portable computers, the somewhat 

loose PCMCIA standard has been expanded several times 

and is now suitable for many types of devices. There are in 

fact three types of PCMCIA cards. All three have the same 

rectangular size (85.6 by 54 millimeters), but different 

widths: 

Type I cards can be up to 3.3 mm thick, and are used

primarily for adding additional ROM or RAM to a 

computer. 

Type II cards can be up to 5.5 mm thick. These cards are 

often used for NIC, modem and fax modem cards. 

Type III cards can be up to 10.5 mm thick, which is 

sufficiently large for portable disk drives. 

As with the cards, PCMCIA slots also come in three sizes: 

A Type I slot can hold one Type I card 

A Type II slot can hold one Type II card or two Type I 

cards 

A Type III slot can hold one Type III card or a Type I and 

Type II card. 

A full house beats three of a kind! So much for the details. 

In general, though there are always exceptions, you can 

exchange PCMCIA Cards on the fly, without rebooting 

your computer. For example, you can slip in a Fax modem 

card when you want to send a fax and then, when you're 

done, replace the Fax modem card with a memory card. 

You can also fit (and use) smaller cards into larger slots 

but not the reverse. They are currently (as of mid-1999) 

just known as PC Cards. 

P-Code 

See microcode. 

PCOS 

Personal Computer (IBM PC) Operating System, a coined 

shorthand name for the DOS only software from several 

companies running a low level platform on compatibles. 

This was originally the name, though also known as 

PCDOS, given to IBM's version of the first IBM produced 

operating for PCs. They soon gave way to Microsoft 

produced DOS. They have made several other efforts at PC 

operating systems but have not been able to produce one 

that was competitive to Microsoft. 

PCS 

A telephony term describing wireless communications 

technology that operates at 1900 MHz. A loosely defined 

future ubiquitous telecommunication service that will 

allow "anytime, anywhere" voice and data communication 

with personal communication with personal 

communications devices. 

PDA 

1. An acronym for Personal Digital Assistant. A small, 

totally portable device that combines computing, 

telephone/fax, and networking features. A typical PDA can 

function as a cellular phone, Fax sender, and personal 

organizer. Unlike portable computers, most PDAs use a 

pen-like stylus rather than a keyboard for input. This means 

that they also feature handwriting recognition. Some PDAs 

also make use of voice recognition technologies. Apple 

Computer pioneered the field of PDA by introducing the 

Newton MessagePad in 1993. Shortly thereafter, several 

other manufacturers offered similar products. To date, 

PDAs have had only modest success in the marketplace, 

due to their high price tags and limited applications.

However, many experts believe that PDAs will eventually 

become common gadgets. 

2. PDA is a term for any small mobile hand-held device 

that provides computing and information storage and 

retrieval capabilities for personal or business use, often for 

keeping schedule calendars and address book information 

handy. Most PDAs have a small keyboard. Some PDAs 

have an electronically sensitive pad on which handwriting 

can be received. Some PDAs offer a variation of the 

Microsoft Windows operating system called Windows CE. 

Other products have their own or another operating system. 

pdf files 

Adobe's Portable Document Format (pdf) is a translation 

format used primarily for distributing files, such as 

documentation, across a network, or on a web site. This is 

an inexpensive way for CD distributors to include 

documentation with a CD based program or suite of 

programs. Files with a .pdf extension have been created in 

another application and then translated into .pdf files so 

they can be viewed by anyone, regardless of platform. The 

Adobe Acrobat PDF Reader software is necessary to view 

these files, and can be obtained free at many sites, provided 

by Adobe, or get it here, Acrobat PDF Reader central . 

Adobe can be accessed through HTTP://WWW.ADOBE.COM. 

peer-to-peer 

A simple, small type of network in which each 

workstation has the ability for equivalent capabilities and 

responsibilities. Each station can be a server and each can 

be a client at the same time. This differs from client/server 

architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to 

serving the others. Peer-to-peer networks are generally 

simpler and less expensive, but they usually do not offer 

the same performance under heavy loads. In fact, they are a 

compromise at best in either way they are used. But they 

are efficient with high enough horsepower hardware and 

with a good network integrated operating system. A major 

player in the early LAN days, offering this type technology, 

was Artisoft's LANtastic. Currently, all Windows operating 

systems of 95 and up offer this technology built in. It is just 

referred to as the Microsoft network. 

Peer Web Services 

See PWS. 

Pentium 

One of Intel's family of microprocessors; introduced in 

1993. A class of microprocessor made by Intel. The series 

has come from the early Pentium 60 Mhz, bus speeds of 66 

Mhz and a 64kb cache, to the Pentium II (1997) series 

which began at 233 Mhz to 450 Mhz with bus speeds of 

100 Mhz and a L2 chache of 512kb with full speed 

capability, to the current Pentium III series (1999), from 

450 Mhz well into the Ghz speed, 133 Mhz bus with a 

512kb to 2mb L2 cache with full speed capability. (As of 

August 2000, a 1.5 Ghz Pentium IV has been announced 

for November release. Early chips have been problematic.)

There has also been a Pentium Pro (1995) with speeds in 

the 166 Mhz to 266 Mhz range, and Pentium XEON 

(1998) to add to the group; a revised XEON version was 

made in 1999 in Pentium III configuration with speeds in 

the 800+ Mhz range. There have been low power versions 

for laptops. In 1999, a lower performance version was 

released, called the Celeron; it was designed to lower the 

overall cost of computers that did not need ultra high 

performance. The Celeron has a slower bus, smaller cache 

and less efficient (slower) decision making path. The 

Pentium series CPUs were designed to run Windows but 

will obviously run other OS software as well. See FSB. 

people connection 

The People Connection, or similar name, is most ISP 's 

main chatting forum. There are always hundreds or 

thousands of people chatting about something. 

Perl 

A programming language whose acronym stands for 

"Practical Extraction and Report Language". Perl is a 

powerful, yet unstructured language that is especially good 

for writing quick and dirty programs that process text files. 

Because of these abilities, Perl is a common choice of 

programmers for writing CGI scripts to automate input and 

output from web pages. Perl was invented in 1986 by Larry 

Wall and is available to anyone at no charge. The library is 

now Perl5. 

Here is the Perl version of "Hello World!": 

print "Hello World\n"; 

permanent virtual circuit or PVC 

1. A PVC is a permanent channel connection between two 

ATM devices. PVC’s allow network transmissions to be 

started without having to first establish a connection with 

the end point ATM device. When a PVC is constructed, the 

end points of the connection will agree upon a path in 

which data will travel, and therefore agree upon the route 

that data will travel to reach its destination. 

2. A type of conduit pipe made of plastic used to tunnel or 

route network and phone cables in some installations. 

personal computer - PC 

The original personal computer model introduced by IBM 

in 1981. Because IBM was late to enter the desktop 

computer field, it created the PC with an "open 

architecture" so that it could compete with the then popular 

Apple II computers. This open architecture meant that any 

computer manufacturer could legally manufacture 

PC-compatible machines that could run the same software 

as IBM's PC. Since IBM purchased its CPU chips from 

Intel and its operating system (DOS) from Microsoft, 

makers of PC-compatibles (called clones at the time) were 

able to utilize the same chips and OS as IBM. As a result, 

PCs became the most popular home computer, IBM's 

fortunes dropped, and Microsoft and Intel became the 

multi-million dollar companies that they are today. Current 

popular usage of the term PC refers to both IBM produced

personal computers and PC-compatible computers 

produced by other manufacturers. 

Personal Preferences 

Personal choices and preferences is your ISP 's online 

preference utility. All services have some such device. 

With it you can change your multimedia preferences or 

change your screen names, as well as other things. What 

you select is what you get! 

Personal Filing Cabinet or PFC 

Your ISP's file organization tool, through your browser or 

service. 

Personal Finance & Management 

A channel of most ISP online services that is dedicated to 

your money, helping you to keep it and making it grow. 

Personal Web Server 

See PWS. 

petabyte 

A number that is the literal equivalent of 2 to the 50th 

power (1,125,899,906,842,624) bytes; it is a quadrillion in 

the American system. A petabyte is equal to 1,024 

terabytes. It is a noun and not an action (it has nothing to 

do with pets that bite). Don't know your KB from your 

MB? Try our memory and storage converter. (Also see 

powers of ten , kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, exabyte, 

zettabyte and yottabyte.) 

PGP 

See Pretty Good Privacy. 

Philips 

A leading manufacturer and supplier in all commercial 

electronics industries worldwide. They have several 

International manufacturing and operations locations. See 

them at HTTP://WWW.PHILIPS.COM. 

Phish 

Trying to illegally obtain someone's password by false 

representations. Frequently, "phishers" will send instant 

messages or E-Mail to new members claiming that they are 

ISP employees and need the password because of a system 

problem. GENERALLY, NO ISP STAFF MEMBER WILL 

EVER ASK FOR YOU PASSWORD. If you are asked for 

your password, the person asking you is not an ISP staff 

member, and they should be reported or ignored. 

Phoenix 

The industry name for Phoenix Technologies, an industry 

pioneer and giant in the BIOS business for computers, 

hand held devices and phones. See them at 

HTTP://WWW.PHOENIX.COM. 

PHP 

Personal Home Page is a server-side ( SSI ), HTML 

embedded scripting language used to create dynamic Web 

pages. In an HTML document, PHP script (similar syntax 

to that off Perl or C ) is enclosed within special PHP tags. 

Because PHP is embedded within tags, the author can jump 

between HTML and PHP (similar to ASP and Cold Fusion) 

instead of having to rely on heavy amounts of code to

output HTML. And, because PHP is executed on the 

server, the client cannot view the PHP code. PHP can 

perform any task any CGI program can do, but its strength 

lies in its compatibility with many types of databases. Also, 

PHP can talk across networks using IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, 

POP3, or HTTP. PHP was created sometime in 1994 by 

Rasmus Lerdorf. During mid 1997, PHP development 

entered the hands of other contributers. Two of them, Zeev 

Suraski and Andi Gutmans, rewrote the parser from scratch 

to create PHP version 3 (PHP3). Today, PHP is shipped 

standard with a number of Web servers, including RedHat 

Linux. 

physical layer 

Layer 1 of the OSI reference model. The physical layer 

defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and 

functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and 

deactivating the physical link between end systems. 

Corresponds with the physical control layer in the SNA 

model. 

pico 

A metric prefix that denotes the equivalent of one 

trillionth, 10 to the -12th power, in the American system. 

See the inverse represented by terabyte. 

picosecond 

A measurement of time . There are 1,000,000,000,000 (a 

trillion) picoseconds in a second. For more information on 

both common and uncommon timely tidbits, see our 

displays of time and time zone conversions on our listing 

of various converters and calculators. 

Picture Studio 

Picture Studio is a place where you can learn about chat 

events, search for pictures of your favorite chat partners, or 

catch up on the latest hot community news. Most ISP 

services provide such a service under various names. 

PINE 

Acronym for Program for Internet News and E-Mail, a 

character-based E-Mail client for UNIX systems. 

Developed at the University of Washington, PINE replaces 

an older E-Mail program called elm. They were somewhat 

similar but not exactly the same. Both are somewhat 

antiquated now. 

PING 

1. Abbreviation for Packet InterNet Groper. A connection 

testing program that sends a self-returning packet to a host 

and times how long it takes to return. 

2. Great golf clubs. 

PIO 

1. Acronym for Programmed Input/Output, a method of 

transferring data between two devices that uses the 

computer's main processor as part of the data path. ATA 

uses PIO and defines the speed of the data transfer in terms 

of the PIO mode implemented, as shown in the information 

below: 

PIO Mode, Data Transfer Rate (MBps), Standard

0 3.3 ATA 

1 5.2 ATA 

2 8.3 ATA 

3 11.1 ATA-2 

4 16.6 ATA-2 

ATA-3, ATA/33 and ATA/66 do not have a PIO mode 

assignment as of yet, although ATA-3 is often used in 

PIO4 since it is really a correction to ATA-2. 

pipeline 

In DRAMs and SRAMs, a method for increasing the 

performance using multistage circuitry to stack or save data 

while new data is being accessed. The depth of a pipeline 

varies from product to product. For example, in an EDO 

DRAM, one bit of data appears on the output while the 

next bit is being accessed. In some SRAMs, pipelines may 

contain bits of data or more. 

pixel 

A pixel is the smallest unit of space on a computer screen. 

Each little dot is a pixel. Resolution is a measure of how 

many pixels you can fit on your screen. The greater the 

resolution, the smaller the images but the more you see on 

the screen at one time. The greater the resolution, the 

longer the screen refresh time and the slower the overall 

operation. 640x480, 800x600 and 1024x768 are the most 

common. Resolution and numbers of colors available are 

determine by your computer's video card capability. More 

often than not, the larger the number of colors, the slower 

the operation. Most Internet operations are limited to 256 

colors; numbers set for greater than that do not usually 

help. Older equipment may only support 16 colors. 

PKUnzip 

PKUnzip is a standard DOS decompression utility used to 

extract files from .ZIP archives. There are also Windows 

versions of this architecture; not all are from the original 

PK company. PKZip is the compression utility. The 

resulting files are called .ZIP files. 

The initials PK are from the company and architecture 

founder, Phil Katz. Phil was a friend of mine and a 

business associate. We often discussed the viability of the 

compression technology in the early 1980s. He felt is 

would be big; I didn't but we still were close in sharing 

technology. Phil passed away in April of 2000. He is 

missed already, especially by me. The PK company is at 

HTTP://WWW.PKWARE.COM. 

PKZip 

PKZip is a standard DOS compression utility used to creat 

.ZIP archives. There are also Windows versions of this 

architecture; not all are from the original PK company. 

PKUnzip is the decompression utility. The resulting files 

are called .ZIP files. The PK company is at 

HTTP://WWW.PKWARE.COM. 

PLA 

An acronym for Programmable Logic Array, a chip (IC) 

based programmed logical program. PLAs are members of

a broad category of chips called PLDs. 

platform 

1. A platform is a version of interface software meant for a 

specific computer. Examples of such software are for the 

DOS, Windows, Windows95, AS400, Data General, Unix, 

DEC, Magic Link, Casio Zoomer, and Macintosh 

platforms. there are many more. Many ISPs only support 

two or three platforms; some only one. 

2. Something that short programmers put chairs on so that 

they can reach the keyboard on top of the desk. 

PLD 

An acronym for Programmable Logic Device. While often 

just called a logic chip, it is an integrated circuit (IC) that 

can be programmed, with proper equipment, to perform 

complex functions. A PLD consists of arrays of internal 

AND and OR gates (see Boolean ). A system designer 

implements a logic design with a device programmer that 

blows fuses on the PLD to control gate operation. The 

logic is based on which gates are open and which gates are 

closed. System designers generally use development 

software that converts basic code into programmatic 

instructions a device programmer needs to create a design 

and put it into operation. PLD types can classified into 

three groups, PROMs, PALs or GALs and PLAs, and two 

classifications, Simple PLDs (SPLD) and Complex PLDs, 

(CPLD). 

plug-and-play or PnP 

Plug and Play is at best a hopeful name. Long time industry 

people renamed the term to Plug and Pray. (it seems there 

were many clergy involved in the original development.) 

PnP is the acronym (there is always an acronym...) that also 

has a counterpart, TnT, indicating how unstable the early 

PnP cards really were. Since R2 of W95, things have been 

better. W2000 is supposed to really have a grip of sorts on 

PnP with an entire section of System devoted to it. The 

theory is that OS and card, working together, have the 

ability within a computer system to automatically configure 

expansion boards and other devices. You should be able to 

plug in a device and play with it, without worrying about 

setting DIP switches, jumpers, and other configuration 

elements. Since the introduction of the NuBus, the Apple 

Macintosh has been a plug-and-play computer. The players 

involved and the varied options are limited by Apple's 

resistance to sharing technology. The Plug and Play (PnP) 

specification has made PCs more plug-and-play, although 

it doesn't always work as advertised. 

plug-in 

Plug-ins are software programs that extend the usability of 

a program you are using, most often browsers. There are 

plug-ins for playing real time audio clips, video clips, 

animation, and more. Internet plug-ins work with your ISP 

service or with your browser. Here is a source of them 

from Browser Watch. 

PNP

See plug-and-play. 

Point of Presence - POP 

A site that has a collection of telecommunications 

equipment, usually refers to ISP or telephone company 

sites. This is not to be confused with POP3, a particular 

mail server technology supporting Post Office Protocol. 

Point To Point Connection 

A data network circuit with one control and one tributary. 

Also see PPP. 

Point to Point Protocol 

See PPP. 

PONS 

PONS is an acronym for Passive Optical Network. This is a 

high bandwidth point to multipoint optical fiber network 

based on the asynchronous transfer mode protocol, (ATM). 

PONs generally consist of an OLT (Optical Line 

Termination), which is connected to ONUs (Optical 

Network Units), more commonly known as subscriber 

terminals, using only fiber cables, optical splitters and 

other passive components (do not transmit signals using 

electricity). At present, a maximum 32 ONUs can be 

connected to any one OLT but OLTs can be cascaded. The 

OLT is located at a local exchange (CO), and the ONU is 

located either on the street, in a building, or even in a user's 

home. PONs rely on lightwaves instead of copper wire for 

data transfer. In a PON, signals are routed over the local 

link with all signals along that link going to all interim 

transfer points. Optical splitters route signals through the 

network; optical receivers at intermediate points and 

subscriber terminals tuned for specific wavelengths of light 

direct signals intended for their groups of subscribers. At 

the final destination, a specific residence or business can 

detect its own and only its own, specified signal. PONs are 

capable of delivering high volumes of upstream and 

downstream bandwidth (up to 622 Mbps downstream and 

155 Mbps upstream), which can be changed "on-the-fly" 

depending on an individual user's needs. This type of 

tuning of the bandwidth is a technology that will be very 

popular in the near future. 

POP 

See Point of Presence . Also a protocol used for E-Mail 

functions, now in the 2nd revision, POP3. Most E-Mail 

applications (sometimes called an E-Mail client) use the 

POP protocol, although some can use the newer IMAP 

(Internet Message Access Protocol). There are two versions 

of POP. The first, called POP2 (why did it start with a 2? 

Why ask why?), became a standard in the mid-80's and 

requires SMTP to send messages. The newer version, 

POP3, can be used with or without SMTP. Most ISPs still 

use SMTP for transmission and only a few do NOT use 

POP3. 

port 

1. A physical address on a computer or computer device. 

This may often be associated with a mapped mapped

memory location to allow certain types of connections or 

may also be associated with a physical connecting device. 

This is often used in conjunction with Input/Output 

devices. 

2. A location we all look for in a storm; any will do! 

3. A programming beverage for sophisticated 

programmers, usually enjoyed with cheese and crackers; 

most veteran (real!) programmers drink Pepsi and have 

moon pies. 

portable 

1. A term used to describe hardware that is small and 

lightweight, and can be battery powered for at least an 

hour. A portable computer is a computer small enough to 

carry. Portable computers include, ranging from largest to 

smallest, laptops, notebook and subnotebook computers, 

hand-held computers, palmtops, and PDAs. 

2. An ambiguous term used to describe software has the 

ability to run on a variety of computers. Portable and 

machine independent mean the same thing; the software 

does not depend on a particular type of hardware. Java is a 

language that creates such software although there are 

other languages that do the same thing. The software may 

require compiling for a platform but the native code is the 

same. 

portal 

A Web site or service that offers a broad array of resources 

and services, most of which, but not all, are on-line, such 

as e-mail, forums, search engines, and on-line shopping 

malls. The first Web portals were online services, such as 

AOL and Compuserve, that provided access to the Web, 

but by now most of the traditional search engines have 

transformed themselves into Web portals to attract and 

keep a larger audience. Typically, this sort of service also 

yields the user a central place to find what he needs. See 

vortal. 

portfolios 

Portfolios are an ISP feature that allows you to keep track 

of your stocks. 

POS 

An acronym for Point Of Sale. POS is both the time and 

place in which a transaction is made and it describes a 

special terminal used in computerized accounting systems. 

POS computer systems include cash registers, optical 

scanners, BAR code equipment, special printers, magnetic 

card readers, and special monitors or terminals. Reading 

merchandise tags, updating inventory, checking credit and 

directly or indirectly interfacing with an accounting system 

are some of the operations performed by the point of sale 

system. 

POSIX 

An acronym for Portable Operating System Interface for 

UNIX, a group of IEEE and ISO standards that more or 

less define an interface between programs and hypothetical 

operating systems. (This has nothing to do with portable

devices.) By designing their programs to conform to 

POSIX standards and requirements, software developers 

have some degree of assurance that their software can be 

easily ported to POSIX compliant operating systems, now 

and in the future. At present, this includes most flavors and 

offerings of UNIX as well as Windows NT. The standard is 

loose at the moment but will be more stringent in the 

future. The POSIX standards are now maintained by a 

division of the IEEE called the Portable Applications 

Standards Committee ( PASC). Considering the impact of 

portability of operating systems, this may well be an 

important factor in the future of computing. 

post 

1. To send a message to a public area like a BBS or 

newsgroup where it can be read by many others. 

2. A programmer's work area; Man your post! 

Post Master 

The name given to the person in charge of dealing with 

E-Mail for a particular site. In the case of mail, it is 

postmaster (all one word, lower case). According to 

convention, mail sent to postmaster@your.com should be 

read by a real live person, if you have one. 

Post Office 

The ISP post office is an area that helps new members 

acclimate themselves to the world of E-Mail . There are 

many forms of E-Mail and the exact protocol is different 

from one ISP to another. 

POTS 

Short for plain old telephone service, which refers to the 

standard telephone service that most homes use. In 

contrast, telephone services based on high-speed, digital 

communications lines, such as ISDN and FDDI, are not 

POTS. The main distinctions between POTS and 

non-POTS services are speed and bandwidth . POTS is 

generally restricted to about 52 Kbps (52,000 bits per 

second). The POTS network is also called the public 

switched telephone network (PSTN). 

POTS splitter 

A frequency splitting device used on standard POTS lines 

to invoke operations involved with others services, such as 

DSL operations. In the case of ADSL, the splitter divides 

the total bandwidth of the line into three channels, one for 

fairly high speed downloading, one for medium speed 

uploading and one for standard voice. All can take place on 

the same standard dialup line at the same time. Each uses a 

different frequency. 

power newbie 

An enthusiastic newbie (network newcomer) who takes 

advantage of educational resources in an effort to become a 

knowbie. Power newbies share their knowledge with other 

newbies both face-to-face and in bulletin boards and chat 

rooms. See also newbie and knowbie. 

powers of ten 

We offer a wonderful page we found at Cal Tech as an

understandable source of information on the powers of ten 

as related to data. See it here! . (Also see kilobyte , 

megabyte , gigabyte , terabyte , exabyte , petabyte , 

zettaabyte and yottabyte.) 

PowerQuest 

PowerQuest Corporation, by self-definition, is a leading 

software developer and technology pioneer, providing 

solutions to simplify complex storage management issues. 

We think that is modest. We define them as producing 

some of the best software available to do things with disk 

drives that DOS, Windows, Novell and Linux can probably 

do, but take much longer, in many more steps and have far 

less acceptable results. We have found that our business 

cannot get along without them. See them at 

WWW.POWERQUEST.COM. 

power supply 

1. The component that supplies power to a computer or 

other electrical device. Most personal computers can be 

plugged into standard electrical outlets. The power supply 

then pulls the required amount of electricity and converts 

the AC current to DC current. It also regulates the voltage 

to eliminate voltage or current spikes and surges common 

in most electrical systems. Not all power supplies, 

however, do an adequate voltage-regulation job, so a 

computer is always susceptible to large voltage 

fluctuations. Power supplies are rated in terms of the 

number of watts they generate. The more powerful the 

computer, the more watts it can provide to components. In 

general, 200 watts should be sufficient. See UPS . 

2. The term given to an electrical generator, used where 

power is not available always or at all. 

PPP 

Point to Point Protocol, one of two standard methods of 

connecting to the Internet. With a PPP account, you can 

connect to some generally direct connect services over the 

Internet . As the name implies, it is a protocol . 

PPTP 

An acronym for Point to Point Tunneling Protocol, a new 

technology for creating Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) , 

developed jointly by Microsoft Corporation, U.S. Robotics 

(now 3COM), and several remote access vendor 

companies, known collectively as the PPTP Forum. A 

VPN is a private network of computers that uses the public 

Internet to connect some nodes. Because the Internet is 

essentially an open network, the Point to Point Tunneling 

Protocol (PPTP) is used to ensure that messages 

transmitted from one VPN node to another are secure. 

With PPTP, users can dial in to their corporate network via 

the Internet. Although PPTP has been submitted to the 

IETF for standardization, it is currently available only on 

networks served by a Windows NT 4.0 server and Linux. 

See L2F and L2TP , two competing but similar 

technologies. 

PQ

An acronym for Priority Queuing. It is the assignment of 

order of operation. 

precharge 

1. On a DRAM, the amount of time required between a 

control signal's (such as RAS) transition to an inactive state 

and its next transition to an active state. 

2. With your children, it is a time before you allow them to 

use your credit cards. The skill of charging is usually 

taught by the wife in the family. 

Preferences 

An ISP software feature that allows you to customize such 

features as sound and text size. A group of options 

controlled by you. 

presentation layer 

Layer 6 of the OSI reference model. This layer ensures that 

information sent by the application layer of one system will 

be readable by the application layer of another. The 

presentation layer is also concerned with the data structures 

used by programs and therefore negotiates data transfer 

syntax for the application layer. Corresponds roughly with 

the presentation services layer of the SNA model. See also 

application layer, LLC, MAC, network layer, physical 

layer , PQ , session layer , and transport layer . 

Pretty Good Privacy - PGP 

A program, developed by Phil Zimmerman, that uses 

cryptography to protect files and electronic mail from being 

read by others. PGP also includes a feature which allows 

users to digitally "sign" a document or message, in order to 

provide non-forgeable proof of authorship. New 

technology is under consideration by the government to 

allow such actions to be legal and binding. 

PRI 

An acronym for Primary Rate Interface, an ISDN service 

providing users with 23 64 kbps bearer (or B) channels for 

message information and 1 64 kbps data (or D) channel for 

signaling and control over an existing telephone line. This 

service has been antiquated with the advent of DSL 

variations. 

primary memory 

See RAM and secondary memory. 

print 

1. If you have a printer connected to your computer, you 

can use the PRINT option under the FILE menu to print 

text and some pictures. 

2. The fine stuff you didn't bother to read when you signed 

up for 50 years of Internet service at $50 a month because 

you thought it was a great deal! 

Prodigy 

A commercial online ISP and Internet service. 

program 

A series of instructions that tell a computer what to do. 

Also, as a verb, to create or revise a program. See 

programmer. 

programmer

1. An individual who creates or revises a program on any 

sort of device that responds to structured instructions as the 

control for operations. 2. A device that places instructions 

into a PROM , ROMROM or other chip for use in a 

computerized device. 

programming language 

A computer language that programmers utilize to create 

programs. C, Perl, Java, BASIC, and COBOL are examples 

of programming languages. In essence, programming 

languages are translators that take words and symbols and 

convert them to binary codes that the CPU can understand. 

See also Ada, APL, AppleScript, assembly language, awk, 

C++, CODASYL, cxml, Delphi, Eiffel, FORTRAN, 

GW-BASIC, MBASIC, NetBASIC, MuBASIC, JavaScript, 

JScript, LISP, machine language, P-Code, microcode, 

Modula-2, K-Man, MUMPS, Pascal, Prolog, pseudocode, 

Python, QBASIC, VBASIC, query language, RPG, 

Smalltalk, Turtle, BasicA, SQL, Tcl, UML, VBScript, 

Visual Basic and Visual C++. 

progressive rendering 

Progressive rendering is a download method where the file 

begins to display itself before the download is completed. 

Downloading a graphic with some ISP's latest software and 

most current browsers use this technique. It is also called 

Smart Art, streamers, quick grafix and similar "catchy" 

names. 

protocol 

A set of rules that governs how information is to be 

exchanged between computer systems. See TCP/IP, SLIP 

or PPP as an example of a protocol used to connect to the 

Internet . Also used in certain structured chat rooms to 

refer to the order in which people may speak. 

PROM 

1. An acronym for Programmable Read-Only Memory. A 

type of read-only memory ( ROM) that allows data to be 

written into the device with hardware called a PROM 

programmer , often termed a burner. After a PROM has 

been programmed, it is dedicated to that data, and it cannot 

be reprogrammed. PROMs are part of the PLD family of 

chips. 

2. A wonderful social event of the 50's, 60's and 70's. 

proxy 

A server (actual hardware and software) that sits between a 

client application, such as a Web browser, and a real 

server. It intercepts all or designated requests to the real 

server, local or distant, to see if it can fulfill the requests 

itself. If not, it forwards the request to the real server. 

Proxy servers have two main purposes: 

1. Improve Performance: Proxy servers can dramatically 

improve performance for groups of users. This is because it 

saves the results of all requests for a certain amount of 

time, in memory buffers of its own. Consider the case 

where both user X and user Y access the World Wide Web 

through a proxy server. First user X requests a certain Web

page, which we'll call Page 1. Sometime later, user Y 

requests the same page. Instead of forwarding the request 

to the Web server where Page 1 resides, which can be a 

time-consuming operation, the proxy server simply returns 

the Page 1 that it already fetched for user X. Since the 

proxy server is often on the same network as the user, this 

is a much faster operation than pulling the same 

information more than once. Real proxy servers support 

hundreds or thousands of users. The major online services 

such as Compuserve and America Online, for example, 

employ an array of proxy servers. 

2. Filter Requests: Proxy servers can also be used to filter 

requests, usually for security. For example, a company 

might use a proxy server to prevent its employees from 

accessing a specific set of Web sites. Those types of 

applications are often used with FIREWALL functions to 

give company LANs and servers protection both ways on 

the Web. See ANALOGX. 

PSTN 

Short for Public Switched Telephone Network, which 

refers to the international telephone system based on 

copper wires carrying analog voice data. This is in contrast 

to newer telephone networks base on digital technologies, 

such as ISDN and FDDI. Telephone service carried by the 

PSTN is often called plain old telephone service (POTS). 

Most telephone companies are trying to filter data and 

streaming services into one network and leave the PSTN 

for mostly voice usage. See ISDL. 

punt 

Another phrase for being disconnected during your online 

session. (i.e. - I was punted offline last night - probably for good reason!) 

purge the cache 

The effort to delete the files the web browser has stored 

(cached) on your disk. These files were stored on your disk 

so they could be retrieved quickly if you returned to the 

same web sites. Sometimes when purging the cache, 

cookies are also deleted. This usually requires that you 

again fill out certain information at key sites you have 

previously visited and have authorization to visit regularly. 

This is not to be confused with "purge the cash", a term 

often used and associated with the need to upgrade . 

PVC 

See permanent virtual circuit. 

PWS 

PWS is an abbreviation for one of the many Microsoft 

products directed at making the distance from your desktop 

to the Internet seem smaller, Personal Web Server. It is 

also the acronym for Peer Web Services which is more or 

less the same thing only based on NT. PWS is the baby 

brother of IIS, Internet Information Server. Both products 

are hybrid compilations and substitutes for an Internet 

capable web server. PWS runs on the local operating 

system, on the local hard disk, simulating a separate 

computer to psuedo-serve pages to an Intranet or LAN, or

possibly the Internet under the most controlled of 

conditions. PWS has virtually no security and is an 

invitation to trouble if used in the "real world". PWS is a 

simple HTML server used in a local office peer-to-peer 

network that does support Microsoft's Front Page activities 

and extensions. It was originally introduced for W95, later 

migrated to NT4 and works with upward compatible 

products from Microsoft. There is also a MAC version. 

You can look at what Microsoft has to say about PWS and 

also how to set up either flavor of PWS. The product has 

never been terribly popular, probably because it is far more 

efficient (and probably far less trouble) to set up a regular 

server. Only a couple of pages on Microsoft's vast array of 

servers are designated for information about the PWS 

feebie as far as making it available to you. Roughly 340 

pages are dedicated to troubleshooting it. Is there a clue 

there?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

AFRL Acronym Dictionary 

A 

Acronyms - A 

Acronym Definition 

A/C Aircraft 

AAA Anti-Aircraft Artillery 

AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science 

AAM Air to Air Missile 

AAR Air to Air Refueling 

AAVP Advanced Aircrew Vision Protection 

ABDR Aircraft Battle Damage Repair 

ABL Airborne Laser 

ABLE ACE Airborne Laser Extended Atmospheric Characterization 

Experiment 

ABLEX Airborne Laser Experiment 

ABO Annular Beam Oscillator 

ABR Aero-Ballistic Rocket 

ACC Air Combat Command 

ACCINTNET ACC Intelligence Network 

AceTR Air core enhanced Turbo Rocket 

ACM Air Combat Maneuvering 

ACS Aerospace Medicine Consultation Service 

ACTD Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration 

ACTIVE Advanced Controls Technology for Integrated Vehicles 

ADC Analog to Digital Converter 

ADM Advanced Development Model 

ADONIS AMOS Daytime Optical Near-Infrared Imaging System 

ADS Advanced Distributed Simulation 

ADT Active Denial Technology 

AEDC Arnold Engineering Development Center 

AEF Aerospace Engineering Facility 

AEOS Advanced Electro-Optical System 

AETC Air Education and Training Command 

AFAE Air Force Acquisition Executive 

AFCEE Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence 

AFCS Automatic Flight Control System 

AFEWES Air Force Electronic Warfare Effectiveness Simulator 

AFGIHS Air Force Geographic Information Handling System 

AFIT Air Force Institute of Technology 

AFMC Air Force Materiel Command 

AFMSS Air Force Mission Support System 

AFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific Research 

AFRES Air Force Reserves 

AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory 

AFSAA Air Force Studies and Analysis Agency 

AFSFC Air Force Space Forcasting Center 

AFSOC Air Force Special Operations Command 

AFSPC Air Force Space Command 

AFTAC Air Force Technical Applications Center 

AFV Alterante Fuel Vehicle 

AGARD Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development 

AGC Automatic Gain Control

AGE Aerospace Ground Equipment 

AGL Above Ground Level 

AGL Air to Ground Laser 

AGM Air to Ground Missile 

AGRF Advanced Guidance Research Facility 

AHDL Analog Hardware Descriptive Language 

AI Artificial Intelligence 

AIA Air Intelligence Agency 

AIM Air Intercept Missile 

AIRST Advanced Infrared Search and Track 

AIT Active Imaging Testbed 

AJ Anti-Jam 

AL Armstrong Lab 

ALARM Air-Launched Anti-Radiation Missile 

ALC Air Logistics Center 

ALCM Air Launched Cruise Missile 

ALG Autonomous Landing Guidance 

ALH Advanced Liquid Hydrogen 

AMC Air Mobility Command 

AMDRFM Advanced Monolithic Digital Radio Frequency Memory 

AMFABS Advanced Maintenance Free Aircraft Battery System 

AMLCD Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display 

AMOS Air Force Maui Optical Station 

AMRAAM Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile 

ANG Air National Guard 

AOA Analysis of Alternatives (formerly: COEA) 

AOA Angle of Attack 

AOARD Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development 

AOIB All-Optical Imaging Brassboard 

APSI Aircraft Propulsion Subsystem Integration (JTDE & JETEC) 

APT Advanced Personnel Testing 

APU Auxiliary Power Unit 

ARGOS Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite 

ARM Anti-radiation Missile 

ARSFSS Advanced Reduced Scale Fuel System Simulator 

ASAN Assessment System for Aircraft Noise 

ASAS Advanced Solid Axial Stage 

ASAT Antisatellite 

ASC Advanced Structural Components 

ASC Aeronautical Systems Center 

ASIP Airframe Structural Integrity Program 

ASP Aircraft Self-Protection 

ASRAAM Advanced Short-Range Air to Air Missile 

ASSET Aerothermodynamics/Elastic Strucural Systems Environmental 

Tests 

ASTAT Affordable Sensor Technology for Aerial Targeting 

ASTREX Advanced Space Structures Technology Research Experiment 

ATAF Allied Tactical Air Forces 

ATAGS Advanced Technology Anti-G Suit 

ATARR Advanced Turbine Aerothermal Research Rig 

ATD Advanced Technology Demonstration 

ATEGG Advanced Turbine Engine Gas Generator 

ATF Advanced Tactical Fighter 

ATIRCM Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 

ATR Air Turbo Rocket 

ATR Automatic Target Recognition 

ATRI Advanced Thermionics Research Initiative 

ATS Automatic Test System 

ATTD Advanced Technology Transition Demonstration 

AVBATTS Aviation Battery Standardization 

AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System 

B 

Acronyms - B 


BA Budget Authority 

BAA Broad Agency Announcement 

BAC Budget Activity Code 

BAe British Aerospace 

BAI Battle Area Interdiction 

BDA Bomb Damage Assessment 

BDU Bomb, Dummy Unit 

BEA Budget Estimate Agreement 

BES Budget Estimate Submission 

BiFET Bipolar Field Effect Transistor 

BIPS Billion Instruction Per Second 

BIST Built-in-Self-Test 

BIT Built in Test 

BLADE-GT Blade Life Analysis and Design Evaluation for Gas Turbines 

BLING Bladed ring 

BLISK Bladed disk 

BLU Bomb, Live Unit 

BMC3I Battle Management C3I 

BMC4ISR Battle Mangement C4I Surveillance and Reconnaissance 

BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization 

BMT Ballistic Missile Technology 

BPAC Budget Program Activity Code 

BPR Bypass Ratio 

BVR Beyond Visual Range 

C 

Acronyms - C 


C2 Command and Control 

C2W Command and Control Warfare 

C3 Command, Control, and Communications 

C3I Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence 

C4 Command, Control, Communication, and Computers 

CA Cooperative Agreement 

CA Counter Air 


CAE Computer Aided Engineering 

CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 

CAMIS Computer Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery 

CAP Combat Air Patrol 

CARL Compressor Aero Research Laboratory 

CAS Close Air Support 

CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering

CATT Computer Assisted Technolgy Transfer 

CCD Charged Couple Device 

CCIP Continuously-Computed Impact Point 

CCM Counter-Countermeasure 

CCRP Continuosly-Computed Release Point 

CCS Charge Control System 

CCW Command and Control Warfare 

CDFS Core Driven Fan Stage 

CDMA Code Division Muliple Access 

CEP Circular Error Probable 

CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics 

CFIPT Customer Focused Integrated Product Team 

CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain 

C-HFET Complementary Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor 

CICA Competition in Contracting Act 

CI/LI Corrosion Inhibitor/Lubricity Improver (MIL-I-25017) 

CINC Combined Intelligence Center 

CIO Corporate Information Office(r) 

CM Countermeasure 

CMAWS Common Missile Approach Warning System 

CMC Ceramic Matrix Composite 

CMWS Common Missile Warning System 

CNI Communications, Navigation, and Identification 

COBRA Complete Oil Breakdown Rate Analyzer 

CoDE Coherent Digital Exciter 

COEA Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis 

COIL Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser 

COTS Commercial Off-the-Shelf 

CRADA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement 

CRF Compressor Research Facility 

CRRES Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite 


CSAR Combat Search and Rescue 

CSAT Crew System Associate Technology 

CTAPS Contingency Tactical Air Combat System Automated Planning 

System 

CTBT Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 

CTC Center Technology Council 

CW Continuous Wave 

D 

Acronyms - D 


D2 Degrade and Destroy 

D3 Degrade, Disrupt, Deny 

D4 Degrade, Disrupt, Deny, Destroy 

DAD Distributed Architecture Decoy 

DAFECS Digital Authority Full Engine Control System 

DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access 

DARO Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office 

DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 

DARTS Dynamic Avionics Real-Time Scheduling 

DAWS Defense Automated Warning System 

DC Differential Correction 

DC-X Delta Clipper Experimental

DDR&E Director, Defense Research and Engineering 

DEA Data Exchange Agreement 

DEECS Digital Electonic Engine Control System 

DEM/VAL Demonstration and Validation 

DEW Directed Energy Weapon 

DGPS Differential Global Positioning System 

DIA Defense Intelligence Agency 

DIAL Differential Absorption Lidar 

DICE Data Integration and Collection Environment 

DIRCM Directed Infrared Countermeasures 

DIS Distributed Interactive Simulation 

DJ Deceptive Jamming 

DLA Defense Logistics Agency 

DMA Defense Mapping Agency 

DMD Digital Micromirror Device 

DME Distance Measuring Equipment 

DMR Dual-Mode Ramjet 

DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program 

DNA Defense Nuclear Agency 

DoD Department of Defense 

DoDIIS Department of Defense Intelligence Information System 

DP Development Prototype 

DPG Defense Planning Guidance 

DPL Diode-Pumped Laser 

DRFM Digital Radio Frequency Memory 

DSB Defense Science Board 

DSCS Defense Satellite Communication System 

DSN Defense Switched Network 

DSO Defensive System Operator 

DSS Decision Support System 

DT&E Development, Test, and Evaluation 

DTAP Defense Technolgy Area Plan 

DTM Data Transfer Module 

DUSD Deputy Undersecretary of Defense 

E 

Acronyms - E 


EA Electronic Attack 

ECCM Electronic Counter-Countermeasures 

ECM Electronic Countermeasures 

ECM Engine Condition Monitoring 

EELV Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle 

EFS-M Enhanced Flight Screening-Medical 

EHF Extremely High Frequency 

EIS Environmental Impact Statement 

ELINT Electronic Intelligence 

ELMC Electrical Load Management Centers 

ELO Extremely Low Observable 

ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle 

EM Electromagnetic 

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility 

EMD Electromagnetic Manufacturing Development 


EMP Electromagnetic Pulse

EO Electro-Optical 

EOB Electonic Order of Battle 

EO/IR Electro-optical/Infrared 

EP Electronic Protection 

EPAD Electrically Powered Actuation Device 

EPU Emergency Power Unit 

ERASER Enhanced Recognition and Sensing Radar 

ERINT Extended Range Interceptor 

ESAD Electronic Safe and Arm Device 

ESAI Expanded Situational Awareness Insertion 

ESC Electronic Systems Center 

ESEX Electric Propulsion Space Experiment 

ESM Electronic Support Measures 

EWO Electronic Warfare Officer (backseater) 

EXLITE Extended Life Tire 

F 

Acronyms - F 


FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FAC Forward Air Controller 

FADEC Full Authority Digital Engine Control 

FATE Female Acceleration Tolerance Enhancement 

FATE Future Aircraft Technology Enhancement 

FBL Fly by Light 

FBW Fly by Wire 

FCS Flight Control System 

FCT Foreign Comparative Test 

FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 

FEA Finite Element Analysis 

FFRDC Federally Funded Research and Development Center 

FISTA Flying Infrared Signatures Technology Aircraft 

FLASER Forward Looking Infrared Laser Radar 

FLC Federal Laboratory Consortium 

FLEX Force Level Execution 

FLIR Forward Looking Infrared 

FOC Full Operational Capability 

FOD Foreign Object Damage 

FOG Fiber Optic Gyro 

FoV Field of View 

FPA Focal Plane Array 

FPGA Field Programmable Gated Array 

FSII Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (MIL-I-27686) 

FTS Fourier Transform Spectrometer 

FWV Fixed Wing Vehicle 

FY Fiscal Year 

G 

Acronyms - G 


GaAs Gallium Arsenide 

GBL Ground-Based Laser 

Gbps Giga bits per second 

GBU Guided Bomb Unit 

GDIP General Defense Intelligence Program

GEO Geosynchronous Orbit 

GHz Gigahertz 

GLOB Ground Loving Old Bastard (KC-135) 

G-LOC G-Induced Loss of Consciousness 

GPR Ground Penetrating Radar 


GRFL Groundwater Remediation Field Laboratory 

H 

Acronyms - H 


HAARP High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program 

HAE High Altitude, long-Endurance (UAV) 

HAN Hydroxylammonium Nitrate 

HARM High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile 

HBCU/MI Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority Institutions 

HBT Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor 

HCF High Cycle Fatigue 

HEDM High Energy Density Matter 

HEL High Energy Laser 

HELSTF High Energy Laser Test Facility 

HEML High Energy Microwave Laboratory 

HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor 

HF High Frequency 

HiMAT Highly Maneuverable Aircraft Technology 

HiMaTE High Mach Turbine Engine 

HIPRA High Speed Digital Processor Architecture 

HIRF High Intensity Radiation Fields 

HLPS Hot Liquid Process Simulator 

HMT/D Helmet-Mounted Tracker and Display 

HOBA High Off-Boresight Angle 

HOTAS Hands On Throttle and Stick 

HPC High Pressure Compressor 

HPM High Power Microwave 

HP-MSOGS High Performance-Molecular Sieve Oxygen Generation System 

HPT High Pressure Turbine 

HPSLT High Power Semiconductor Laser Technology 

HPT High Pressure Turbine 

HQ Headquarters 

HSAL High Speed Algebraic Logic 

HSC Human Systems Center 

HSI Hyperspectral Imaging 

HSR High Speed Research 

HTS High Temperature Superconductivity 

HUD Heads Up Display 

HySTP Hypersonic Systems Technology Program 

HyTech Hypersonic Technology 

Hz Hertz 

I 

Acronyms - I 


IADS Integrated Air Defense System 

IC Integrated Circuit 

ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

ICNIS Integrated Communication, Navigation, and Identification System 

ICOT Isothermal Corrosion Oxidation Test 

ICTP Information Collection, Transfer, and Processing 

ID Identification 

IDAL Integrated Defense Avionics Laboratory 

IDASS Intelligence Data Analysis System for Spacecraft 

IDHS Intelligence Data Handling System 

IEEE Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers 

IESS Integrated Electromagnetic System Simulator 

IETM Interactive Electronic Technical Manual 

IFSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar 

IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor 

IHPRPT Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology 

IHPTET Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology 

IIR Imaging Infrared 

IIS/G Internal Integral Starter/Generator 

ILS Instrument Landing System 

IMDSPO Integrated Maintenance Data SPO 

IMIS Integrated Maintenance Information System 

IMU Inertial Measurement Unit 

INFOSEC Information Security 

InP Indium Phosphide 

INS Inertial Navigation System 

IPT Integrated Product Team 

IPU Integrated Power Unit 

IR Infrared 

IRAD Independent Research and Development 

IRADS Infrared Attack & Designation System (F-117) 

IRCM Infrared Countermeasures 

IRI Ionospheric Research Instrument 

IRMA Infrared Modeling and Analysis 

IRR Integral Rocket Engine 

IRST Infrared Search and Track 

ISA Instrumentation Society of America 

Isp Specific Impulse 

ISS Integrated Sensor System 

ISTD Integrated Space Technology Demonstration 

ISTF Integrated Space Technology Flights 

ITB Integrated Test Bed 

ITS Intelligent Tutoring System 

J 

Acronyms - J 


JASSM Joint Air to Surface Stand-off Missile 

JAST Joint Advance Strike Technology (now JSF) 

JDAM Joint Direct Attack Munition 

JDL Joint Directors of Laboratories 

JETEC Joint Expendable Turbine Engine Concepts 

JFACC Joint Force Air Component Commander 

JFTOT Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Tester 

J/IST JSF/Integrated Subsystem Technology 

JITMT U.S.-Japan Industry and Technology Management Training 

J-MASS Joint Modeling and Simulation System 

JMSP Joint Multispectral Sensor Program

JP-5 Jet Propellant 5 (standard high flash point Navy fuel, 

MIL-T-5624) 

JP-7 Jet Propellant 7 (high temperature, low volatility jet fuel, 

MIL-T-38219) 

JP-8 Jet Propellant 8 (standard AF kerosene jet fuel, MIL-T-83133) 

JP-10 Jet Propellant 10 (standard missile fuel, MIL-P-87107) 

JPATS Joint Primary Aircraft Training System 


JPTS Jet Propellant Thermally Stable (high thermal stability, high 

altitude fuel, MIL-T-25524) 

JR Jam Resistance 

JSEP Joint Service Electronics Program 

JSF Joint Strike Fighter 

JSIMS Joint Simulation System 

JSOW Joint Standoff Weapon 

JSTARS Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Reconnaissance System 

JTAGG Joint Turbine Advanced Gas Generator 

JTDE Joint Technology Demonstrator Engine 

JTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution System 

JWARS Joint Warfare Simulation 

JWICA Joint Warfighter Capabilities Assessment 

JWID Joint Warfighter Interoperability Demonstration 

K 

Acronyms - K 


KEAS Knots Equivalent Airspeed 

KEFH 1,000 Engine Flgiht Hours 

KEW Kinetic Energy Weapon 

kHz Kilohertz 

KKV Kinetic Kill Vehicle 

KMOR Keep Missile on the Rail 

L 

Acronyms - L 


LADAR Light Amplification for Detection and Ranging 

LADD Llow-Angle Drogue Delivery 


LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory 

LANTIRN Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night 

LaRC Langley Research Center 

LASE Large Aperture Speckle Experiment 

LASRE Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment 

LBD Laser Beam Detector 

LBO Lean BlowOut 

LCC Lifecycle Cost 

LEAP Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile 

LED Light Emitting Diode 

LEO Low Earth Orbit 

LFD Linear Finite-Difference 

LGB Laser Guided Bomb 

LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging 

LIFE Laser Infrared Flyout Experiment 

LIME Laser Induced Microwave Emissions

LLLTV Low Light Level Television 

LO Low Observable 

LOCAAS Low Cost Anti-Armor Submunition 

LOCAAS Low Cost Autonomous Attack (formerly Anti-Armor) 

Submunition 

LORAN Long-Range Radio Aid to Navigation 

LOROPS Long-Range Oblique Optical System 

LPD Low Probablitiy of Detection 

LPI Low Probability of Intercept 

LPT Low Pressure Turbine 

LRU Line Replaceable Unit 

LWIR Long Wavelength Infrared 

M 

Acronyms - M 


M&S Modeling and Simulation 

MAA Mission Area Assessment 

MACET Modular Algorithm Concept Evaluation Tool 

MAD Mutually Assured Destruction 

MADMEL (Power) Management And Distribution System for the More 

Electric aircraft 

MAFET Microwave and Analog Front-End Technology Program 

MAGIC Multimission Advanced Ground Intelligent Control 

MAJCOM Major Command 

MANS Microcosm Autonomous Navigation System 

ManTech Manufacturing Technology 

MAP Mission Area Plan 

MATV Multi-Axis Thrust Vectoring 

MAWS Missile Approach Warning System 

MBE Molecular Beam Epitaxy 

MBV Model Based Vision 

MCA Multichip Assembly 

MCD Minimum Cost Design 

MCM Multichip Module 

MCT Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Controlled Transistor 

MDA Metal De-Activator 

MEA More Electric Aircraft 

MELA Munition Export License Application 

MEMS Microelectromechanical System 

MFD Multifunction Display 

MILO Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator 

MILSATCOM Military Satellite Communications 

MILSTAR Military Strategic and Tectical Relay Satellite 

MIMIC Microwave/Millimeter Wave Monolithic Integrated Circuit 

MIR Microwave Imaging Radiometer 

MIRFS Multifunction Integrated Radio Frequency System (JAST) 

MLV Medium Launch Vehicle 

MMC Metal Matrix Composite 

MMC Modular Mission Computer 

MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit 

MMTD Miniaturized Munition Technology Demonstration 

MMW Millimeter Wave 

MNS Mission Needs Statement 

MOA Memorandum of Agreement

MOOTW Military Operations Other Than War 

MOTIF Maui Optical Tracking and Identification Facility 

MPM Microwave Power Module 

MPP Modernization Planning Process 

MRMMS Millimeter Wave Reflectivity Measurement System 

MSI Multispectral Imager 

MSO Mission Support Officer 

MSTAR Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition 

MSTRS Miniture Satellite Threat Reporting System 

MSX Midcourse Space Experiment 

MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 

MTD Missile Technology Demonstration 

MTI Moving Target Indicator 

MTV More Electric Test Vehicle 

MW Microwave 

N 

Acronyms - N 


NAIC National Air Intelligence Center 


NASA DFRC NASA Dryden Flight Research Center 

NASIP Navy Airframe Structural Integrity Program 

NASM National Air and Space (Warfare) Model 

NASM National Air and Space Museum 

NASP National Aerospace Plane 

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

NAVAIRSYSCOM Naval Air Systems Command 

NavTEL Navigational Test and Evaluation Laboratory 

NAWC Naval Air Warfare Center 

NDB Non-Directional Beacon 

NDE Non-Destructive Evaluation 

NDI/E Non-Destructive Inspection/Evaluation 

NGP Next Generation (Fire Suppression) Plan 

NIFTR Near Isothermal Flowing Test Rig 

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology 

NLO Non-Linear Optics 

NORAD Northern Region Air Defense 

NOx Nitrous Oxide 

NRC National Research Council 

NRL Naval Reseach Laboratory 

NSA National Security Agency 

NVG Night Vision Goggles 

O 

Acronyms - O 


O&M Operations and Maintenance 

OBOGS On-Board Oxygen Generation System 

OBIGGS On-Board Inert Gas Generating System 

ODM Oil Debris Monitoring 

OFP Operational Flight Program 

ONR Office of Naval Research 

OPO Optical Parametric Oscillator 

ORTA Office of Research and Technology Applications

OSA Optical Society of America 

OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense 

OSD(C) Office of the Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) 

OSINT Open Source Intelligence 

OSO Offensive System Operator 

OT&E Operational Test and Evaluation 

OTH Over The Horizon 

OTH-B Over-the-Horizon Radar Backscatter 

P 

Acronyms - P 


P3I Pre-Planned Product Improvement 

P4A Programmable Powdered Preform Process for Aerospace 

PA&E Program Assessment and Evaluation 

PACAF Pacific Air Force 

PACE Point-Ahead Compensation Experiment 

PASP Plus Photovoltaic Array Space Power Plus Diagnostics 

PAVE Precision Avionics Vectoring Equipment 

PAWS Parallel Assessment Window System 

PBD Program Budget Directive 

PC Personal Computer 

PC Photoconductive 

PCCADS Panoramic Cockpit Control and Display System 

PCD Polycrystalline Diamond 


PD Pulse Doppler (Radar) 

PDE Pulse Detonation Engine 

PDF Precision Direction Finder 

PDM Program Decision Memorandum 

PDRE Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine 

PE Program Element 

PEBB Power Electronic Building Block 

PerFECT Peroxide in Fuel Estimation and Concentration Test 

PF-1 Priming Fluid 1 (MIL-P-87173) 

PGM Precision Guided Munitions 

PILOT Phased Integrated Laser Optics Technology 

PIM Parameterized Ionosphere Model 

PIO Pilot Induced Oscillation 

PIP Product Improvement Plan 

PiSi Platinum Silicide 

Pk Kill Probability 

PL Phillips Laboratory 

PLAID Precision Location and Identification 

PMAD Power Management and Distribution 

PMD Program Management Directive 

PMMW Passive Millimeter Wave 

POL Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants 

POM Program Objective Memorandum 

PPBS Planning, Program, and Budgeting System 

PPLN Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate 

PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency 

PRFECT Prediction RF Effects Coupling Tool 

PRG Program Review Group 

PRK Photorefractive Keratectomy

PROTEC Programmable Ordnance Technology 

PSIDS Prototype Secondary Information Dissemination System 

PVC Pneumatic Vortex Control 

PVI Pilot/Vehicle Interface 

Q 

Acronyms - Q 


QML Qualified Manufacturers List 

QPL Qualified Products List 

QWIP Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector 

R 

Acronyms - R 


R&D Research and Development 

R&D GTDS R&D Goddard Trajectory Determination System 

R&M Reliability and Maintainability 

RAAP Rapid Application of Air Power 

RAILE Retro-Assisted Imaging Laser Experiment 

RAM Radar Absorbing Material 

RAMTIP Reliability and Maintainability Technology Insertion Program 

RASER Research and Seeker Emulation Radar 

RCS Radar Cross Section 

RDT&E Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation 


RFCM Radio Frequency Countermeasure 


RK Radial Keratectomy 

RL Rome Lab 

RLG Ring Laser Gyro 

RM&S Reliability, Maintainability, and Supportability 

RP-1 Rocket Propellant 1 (standard kerosene rocket fuel, 

MIL-P-25576) 

RPV Remotely Piloted Vehicle 

RSLP Rocket System Launch Program 

RTIC Real-Time Information in the Cockpit 

RTOC Real-Time Information out of the Cockpit 

RTSMP Real-Time Symmetric Multiprocessor 

RULER Remaining Useful Life Evaluation Routine (lubricants) 

RWR Radar Warning Receiver 

g 

Rx Receive 

S 

Acronyms - S 


S&T Science and Technology 

SAB Scientific Advisory Board 

SADARM Search and Destroy Armor Munition 

SAL Semi-Active Laser 

SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 

SAM Surface to Air Missile 

SAR Search and Rescue 

SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar

SAR Special Access Required 

SATCOM Satellite Communications 

SAVI Space Active Vibration Isolation 

SAWS Silent Attack Warning System 

SBIR Small Business Innovative Research 

SBIRS Space Based Infrared System 

SBL Space Based Laser 

SCATS Suspense Control and Automated Tracking System 

SCI Scalable Coherent Interface 

SCIF Special Compartmented Information Facility 

SEAD Suppression of Enemy Air Defense 

SEDFB Surface-Emitting Distributed Feedback 

SERE Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape 

SFC Specific Fuel Consumption 

SFW Sensor Fuzed Weapon 

SHF Super High Frequency 

SIDAT Subsystems Integrated Design Assessment Technology 

SIE Satellite Imaging Experiment 

SIGINT Signals Intelligence 

SIIRCM Suite of Integrated Infrared Countermeasures (Army) 

SIRFC Suite of Integrated Radar Frequency Countermeasures (Army) 

SLAR Sideways-Looking Airborne Radar 

SLBD Sea-Lite Beam Director 

SLCS Software Lifecycle Support 

SLEP Service Life Extension Program 

SMC Space and Missile Systems Center 

SNL Sandia National Laboratory 

SO Spatial Orientation 

SOAP Spectrometric Oil Analysis Program 

SOC Special Operations Command 

SOF Special Operations Forces 

SOI Space Object Identification 

SOI Silicon on Insulator 

SONET Synchronous Optical Network 

SOR Starfire Optical Range 

SPACECOM Space Command 

SPAWAR Space & Naval Warfare Systems Command 

SPC Specific Fuel Consumption 

SPICE Space Integrated Control Experiment 

SPIE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers 

SPIRITS-AC 2 Spectral and In-Band Radiometric Imaging of Targets and 

Scenes-Aircraft2 

SPO System Program Office 

SRM Solid Rocket Motor 

SSB Small Smart Bomb 

SSIES Special Sensor for Ions, Electrons, and Scintillations 

SSM/T-2 Special Sensor Microwave 

SSN Space Surveillance Network 

SSTT Small Satellite Thermal Technologies 

STAG Smart Tactical Autonomous Guidance 

STEP Space Test Experiment Platform 

STIG Space Technology Interdependence Group 

S/TODS Strategic/Tactical Optical Disk System 

STOL/MTD Short Take-Off and Landing/Maneuvering Technology

Demonstrator 

STOVL Short TakeOff and Vertical Landing (fighter/attack aircraft) 

STOW Synthetic Theater of War 

STRAMST S&T Reliance Assessment for Modeling & Simulation 

Technology 

STRATCOM Strategic Command 

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer Program 

S/V/L Survivability/Vulnerability/Lethality 

S/W Software 

SWC Space Warfare Center 

SWIM Solar Wind Interplanetary Measurements 

T 

Acronyms - T 


T&E Test and Evaluation 

TACAN Tactical Air Navigation 

TACC Tactical Air Control Center 

TADIX Tectical Date Information Exchange System 

TAFT Today's Aircraft Flying Tomorrow 

TALD Tactical Air Launched Decoy 

TAOS Technology for Autonomous Operational Survivability 

TAOS Technology for Autonomous Satellite Operations 

TAP Technology Area Plan 

TAS Timeline Analysis System 

TASE Thrust Assessment Support Environment 

TAV Transatmospheric Vehicle 

TBC Thermal Barrier Coating 

TBM Theater Ballistic Missile 

TBM Theater Battle Management 

TCC Technology Coordination Committee 

TCE Tricholoroethylene 

TCT Time Critical Target 

TDA Technology Development Approach 

TDC Theater Deployable Communications 

TDP Time-Space-Position-Information Data Processor 

TDPA Tactical Deception Planning Aid 

TEFF Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility 

TEL Transporter/Erector/Launcher (Scuds) 

TENCAP Tactical Exploitation of National Space Capabilities (Army) 

TENet Theater Extension Network 

TEO Technology Executive Officer 

TERC Turbine Engine Research Center 

TestPAES Test Planning, Analysis and Evaluation System 

THAAD Theater High Altitude Area Defense 

TIP Technology Investment Plan 

TIP Technology Insertion Program 

TIPP Test Instrument Planning and Programming 

TIRR Technology Investment Recommendation Report 

TM Telemetry 

TMD Theater Missile Defense 

TMP Technology Master Planning 

TMT Theater Missile Tracker 

TOA Total Obligation Authority 

TPIPT Technology Planning Integrated Product Team

T/R Transmit/Receive 

TRAMP Testing, Reporting, and Maintenance Program 

TRANSEC Transmission Security 

TRF Turbine Research Facility 

TriTAC Tri-Service Tactical Communications 

TRP Technology Reinvestment Program 

TSPI Time-Space-Position-Information 

TSRP Time Stress Measurement Device 

TTO Technology Transition Office 

TV Trapped Vortex 

TVC Trapped Vortex Combustor 

T/W Thrust to Weight Ratio 

TW/AR Threat Warning/Attack Reporting 

TWT Travelling Wave Tube 

Tx Transmit 

U 

Acronyms - U 


UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 

UAV Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle 

UCAV Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicle 

UHF Ultra High Frequency 

UHR Ultra High Resolution (Radar) 

ULPI Unit Level Prototype Implementaion 

URI University Research Initiative 

URRP University Resident Research Program 

USAF United States Air Force 

USAFA United States Air Force Academy 

USAFE United States Air Forces in Europe 

USMA United States Military Academy 

USNA United States Naval Academy 

USSOCOM United States Special Operation Command 

USSPACECOM United States Space Command 

UV Ultraviolet 

V 

Acronyms - V 


VC Vortex Combustor 

VCATS Visually Coupled Acquisition and Targeting System 

VCE Variable Cycle Engine 

VE Virtual Environment 

VEL Visual Electrodiagnostic Laboratory 

VFDR Variable Flow Ducted Rocket 

VFR Visual Flight Rules 

VHDL VHSIC Hardware Design Language 

VHF Very High Frequency 

VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit 

VISTA Variable-Stability In-Flight Simulator Test Aircraft 

VLF Very Low Frequency 


VOC Volatile Organic Compounds 

V/STOL Very Short Takeoff and Landing (transport aircraft) 

VT Ventricular Tachycardia

VTB Vestibular Test Battery 

W 

Acronyms - W 


WAM Workload Assessment Monitor 

WAN Wide Area Network 

WASP Weasel Attack Signal Processor 

WAVES Waveform and Vector Exchange Specifications 

WBMOD Wide-Band Scintillation Model 

WIDA Weather Impact Division Aids 

WL Wright Laboratory 

WPN Weapon 

WSMR White Sands Missile Range 

WSO Weapon Systems Officer 

WTN Wright Technology Network 

WVR Within Visual Range 

X 


XIDB eXtended Integrated Data Base 

XST eXperimental Stealth Tactical (Have Blue)

Acronym Dicitonary and Glossary

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