Z; o - Etheses - Saurashtra University

Saurashtra UniversityRe – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC(CGPA 2.93)Joshi, Kajal C., 2010, ભાનુદની શૃ ંગાર િવભાવના અને અવઘોષના મહાકાયોતથા કાિલદાસનાં પકોનું તુલનામક અયયન, thesis PhD, Saurashtra Universityhttp://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/294Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the authorA copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study,without prior permission or charge.This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without firstobtaining permission in writing from the Author.The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in anyformat or medium without the formal permission of the AuthorWhen referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title,awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given.Saurashtra University Theses Servicehttp://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edurepository@sauuni.ernet.in© The Author

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46¼50½ LrEHk% Los;ksMFk - - - - - - lkfRodk erk% « GF8I XF:+4 VwIFI *P)$4 5'P$)Z¼51½ foHkkokuqHkko - - - - - - -- - - - jlfu"ifr% A GF8I XF:+4 VwIFIv&P#! 5KLGM UnEFU 5'P$)Z¼52½ ;Fkk fg ukuO; TtukS"kf/k - - - - - - - - - jlRoekuqoUrhfr A GF8I XF:+4VwIFIv&P#! 5KLGM Un EFU 5'P#!$v#!5¼53½ ;Fkk fg ukuk O;aTt laLd`reUua - - - - - - - - bR;fHkO;kjO;krk% A GF8I XF:+4VwIFIv&P#! 5KLGM Un EFU 5'P#!54#!&¼54½ Jà›kjgkL;d:.kk - - - - - - - - jlk% Le`rk% « GF8I XF:+4 VwIFIv&P!54 5'PZ&&¼55½ Jà›kjkf) HkoS)kL;ks - - - - - - - - Hk;kud% « GF8I XF:+4 VwIFIv&P#)4 5'P#Z(¼56½ Dr. V. Raghavan The Number of Rasas, P-1¼57½ eqfuuk Hkjrsu - - - - - - - lyksdiky% A lJS|DMJ"XLI4 ZP!(4 5'P!_(¼58½ jlon~ f'kZrLi"V - - - - - - - - - dfjO;frjksfgrk « SFjIF,\SFZ4 #P&4 5'P#!¼59½ jg Ro"Vjlk;rk - - - - -- - - - - Le`rk fxjke~ A SFjINXF"4 !qZ)Z¼60½ Jà›kjgkL; - - - - - - - - jKk% Le`rk% « SFjI 5|SFX4 $PZ)¼61½ 'kkUrksMfi - - - - - - - - uoeks jl% A SFjI 5|SFX4 $P#5¼62½ jkSn% 'kkUr% izs;krhfr - - - - - - - - jlk% losZ A SFjIF,\SFZ4 !ZP#4 5'P#&$¼63½ LdqVa peRdkfjr;k - - - - - - - - iq=k|kyEcua ere~ « ;FlCtI N5"64 #PZ5!45'PZ&&¼64½ V. Raghavan, The Number of Rasas, P-120¼65½ ;Fkk x)ZLFkk;h ykSY;% A - - - - - - lq[feR;kfn A GF8I N5"64 5'P#_&¼66½ ,"kSo x//kZLFkkf;dL; - - - - - -- - vU;= i;Zolkukr~ A VlEGJ EFZTLv!4 5'P#$Z¼67½ izcq)feF;k>ku - - - - - - - LFkkf;Hkko% A Z;TZ\lU6Lv*4 5'P!&Z¼68½ fou;kipkj - - - - - - -- - vydkjfy›% « Dr. V. Raghavan The Number ofRasas, P-159¼69 Dr. V. Raghavan The Number of Rasas, P-160¼70½ izhfrHkDR;kn;ks - - - - - -- - - - dhfrZrk% A NX~5S4 $P(#¼71½ oS".kojl 'kkL= V[S ãlQ85FT 0MPlR+F 5LP X]S,4 5'P#$)¼72½ izfl)s³fi izcU/kkuka - - - - - - - - d"kZfePNrk « wJgIF,MS4 #PZ!4 5'PZ*Z¼73½ Jà›kjkfn Hkosn~gkL;ks - - - - -- - - Hk;kud% A GF8IXF:+4 &P#)4 5'P#Z(¼74½ Jà›kjohj chHkRljkSæs"kq - - - - -- - - ,o fg « NX~5Sv$P$$4 5'P#$(¼75½ 'kàxkjohj 'kkUrkaukesdk›h jl b";rs A ;FlCtI N5"6v&P#!*4 5'P55_¼76½ 'kàxkj ,oa e|qj% ij% - - - - - - - ek|q;Z izfrfr"Bfr « wJG,MS4 Zq*¼77½ O;ogkj% iqUuk;kZjU;ks - - - - - - - - jfrizd`fr% A SFjIF,\SFZv!ZP5

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¼108½ jfrukZe izeksnkfRedk - - -- -- - --- - leqRi|rs A ukV;'kkL=&7 i`&417¼109½ jfreZuksMuqdwyMFkZ eul% izo.kkf;re~ A lkfgR;niZ.k&3@186¼110½ jE;ns'kdykdkyos"k - - -- - -- - - - pquksjU;ks U;jDr;ks% « n'k:id prqFkZizdk'k&47@48¼111½ fo'ks"ks.k Hkko;UR;qR;kn;fUr p jlkLrs foHkkok% A jlraxh.kh&f}rh; rjax¼112½ vFk foHkko bfr dLekr~ A mP;rs - - - -- - - -- bR;rks foHkko% A ukV;'kL=v&7] i`&409¼113½ fo'ks"k.k~ Hkko;UR;qR;kn;fUr ;s jlkaLrs foHkkok% A jlrj&2 i`&13¼114½ jR;k|qn~cks?kdks yksds foHkkok% dkO;ukV~;;ks% A lkfgR;niZ.k&3@29¼115½ r p f}fo/kk% A vkyEcufoHkkok m}hiufoHkkok'psfr A jlrj&2 i`&13¼116½ vuqfyaxfu'p;kfr~ - - - - -- - LrEHkkn;% A ukV;niZ.k¼117½ rs pkuqHkkok% dkf;dekuklkgk;Z - -- - -- - - -- - jkekTpkn;% A jlrj&3¼118½ fodkjk% lRolaHkwrk% lkfRodk% ifjdhfrZrk% A lkfgR;niZ.k&3@143¼119½ mP;rs fo vfHk bR;srkoqilxksZ A - - - - -- - jlkUu;Urhfr O;fHkpkfj.k% A ukV;'kkL=&7i`&432¼120½ fo'ks"kknkfeeq[;su - - - -- -- - - bo okfj?kkS A n'k:id&4@7¼121½ rL; }s vf?k"Bkus lEHkksxks foizyEHkõ~ A ukV;'kkL= i`&161¼122½ dkO;kyadkj 12 i`&6¼123 ½ vga rsukgwrk fdefi - - -- - - -- - l p e;k xk

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Z;D\HZLSFZ SlJ EFG]Nœ H[ lGhFD WZ6L5F,GM p

VF ZLT[ zL A,N[J p5FwIFIGF\ DT S[ EFG]Nœ !#DL ;NLGF\ V\T S[ !$DL ;NLGF\5|FZ\EDF\ YIM T[ CSLST V:JLSFI" AG[ K[PsZf ANZLGFYvhF SC[ K[ S[ X\SZlDz >P;P!$((DF\ lDlY,FDF\ J;TF CTF T[JM pP;P!$_5CMJFGL 5}ZL X\SF K[P T[ 56 wIFGDF\ ,[J] 38[P 5\l0T ANZLGFY hF EFG]NœGL 5F{+LGF\ 5]+SM> U\UFG\N SlJ Y. UIF T[GF VFWFZ[ 56 SlJ EFG]NœGM ;DI !&DL ;NL VF\S[ K[P VFDT :JLSFZJFG[ 36F SFZ6M K[[P H[ GLR[ D]HA K[PF!F 5\l0T ANZLGFY hF 5MT[ lDlY,FJF;L K[4 V[8,] H GlC 56 SlJ EFG]NœGL5[-LDF\GL V[S ;U56 WZFJTL jIlST K[P T[YL T[D6[ VF5[, DFlCTL SF{8]\lAS J\XFJ,LG[VFWFZ[ ;tI CMJFDF\ JWFZ[ JH}NM K[P lACFZDF\ VFJL J\XFJ,L ZFBJFGL 5âlT VG[lZJFH K[P T[ ;J"lJlNT K[PFZF 5\l0T ANZLGFY hF DPDPzL X\SZ lDzGM H[ ;DI VF\S[ K[ T[ DF8[ G[5F,ZFH5]:TSF,IGF U|\Y,[BGGF VFWFZ 8F\S[ K[4 V[8,] H GlC 56 EFG]NœGL 5F{+LGF 5]+U\UFG\N SlJ p5ZYL VgI 5]ZFJFVM 56 ZH} SZ[ K[PF#F 0MP 0[P lGhFD WZ6LGM p

56EFG]NœGL S'lTVM ov;\:S'T ;FlCtIDF\ SlJ VG[ VF,\SFlZS EFG]NœG]\ DM8] 5|NFG K[P T[D6[ULTUF{ZL5lT4 Z;D\HZL4 Z;TZlU6L4 S]DFZ EFU"JLI4 V,\SFZlT,S VG[ Z;5FlZHFTJU[Z[ S'lTVMGL ZRGF SZL S'lTVMGM 5lZRI GLR[ D]HA K[PULTUF{ZL5lT VYJF ULTUF{ZLX oULTUF{ZL5lT NX ;UM"DF\ ZRFI[, ;]\NZ ULlTSFjI K[P VF ULlTSFjI HIN[JGF\ULTUMlJ\NGF VFNX" 5Z ZRFI[,]\ K[P VF SFjIG]\ SYFGS D]bITIF lXJDCF5]ZF6 5ZVFWFlZT K[PVF SFjIDF\ VG[S J[ZlJB[Z 5|;\UMGL V[S ;]l`,Q8 :J~5DF\ U}\Y6L SZL K[P VCL\5FJ"TLG]\ J6"G4 J;\T J6"G VG[ T[GM VF:JFN4 5FJ"TLGM lJZC4 5lZTF54 G8J[XWFZLlXJG]\ 5FJ"TL âFZF :DZ6 JU[Z[DF\ SlJG]\ SF{X

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1855FN8L5¼1½¼2½¼3½¼4½¼5½¼6½¼7½¼8½¼9½_Xosn lafgrk] Jhefr ijksidkfj.kh lHkk] vtessj] 2032 "k"B vko`fr AxSjksy k okpLifr] laLd`r lkfgR; dk laf{kIr bfrgkl]pkSÂEck fo|kHkou] okjk.klh& k] 1959 i` +720xSjksy k okpLifr] laLd`r lkfgR; dk laf{kIr bfrgkl]pkSÂEck fo|kHkou] okjk.klh& k] 1959 i` +720Keitha.B.-A History of sanskrit Literature, Oxford UniversityPress, London, 1920, First edition, P.17-18dzkSp}fo;ksxksRFk% 'kksd% ÜyksdRoe~ vkxr% k?oU;kyksd&1 +5] pkSÂEck fo|kHkou] okjk.klh] 1965 -"Spontanous overflow of powerful feelings."Mundra J.N. A History of English Literature; P.317dwtUra jke jkesfr e?kqja e?kqjk{kja kvk#g~; dfork'kkÂka oUns okYehfddksfdye~ «VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[H G\P(dohUna ukSfe okYehfda ;L; jkek;.kha dFkke~ kpfUædkfeo fpUofUr pdksjk bo lk/ko% «VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[H G\P(?kesW vFksW p dkes p eks{ks p Hkjro"kWHk k;fngkfLr rnU;=egkHkkjr & vkfnioW &62@53] xhrk izsl xksjÂiqj] 2012&2020"The Mahabharat is one poetic production at all, but rather awhole literature". M.wintermeitz, History of IndianLiterature, Vol. I, Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi 1972, Firstedition, P.316¼10½ WEBER, The History of Indian Literature, ChowkhambaSanskrit series office, Varanasi-I, 1961, 6th edition, P.186.

186¼11½ Ramayan, the Adikavya is the first poem, It is a Mahakavya,answering in every detail to the description rhetoricians. TheMahakavyas are modelled upon Ramayan.. KrishnamachariarM., History of classical Sanskrit Literature, MotilalBanarsida, Delhi, 1970, Reprint, P.82.¼12½ "Even if there no direct evidence, it would not be entirelyunjustifiable to assume that the sanskrit kavya Lit, highlystylised thought it is, had its origin in the two great Epicsof India".-P.I. There is no need to trace back the origin of theKavya Literature in the far off vedic hymns. -P.3. De &Dasgupta, History of Sanskrit iterature, University ofCalcutta, 1962, second edition, P.1 & 3¼13½ lxWcU/kks egkdkO;a egrka p egPp ;r~ kvxzkE;'kCneFkW p lkyadkja lnkJ;e~ «eU=nwriz;k.kkfu uk;dkH;qn;a p ;r~ kiTpfHk% lfU/kW;qDra ukfrO;k[;s;e`f}er~ kprqoxkWfHk?kkusMfi Hkw;lkFkksWins'kd`r~ k;qDra yksdLoHkkosu jlS'p ldya i`Fkd~ «uk;da izkxiU;L; oa'koh;W JqrkfnfHk% ku rL;So o/ka czw;knU;ksRd"kkWfHkf}gRl;k «;fn dkO;'kjhjL; u l O;kfir";rs «u pkH;qn;HkkDrL; eq|knkS xzg.kLrokS «dkO;kyadkj & 1@19&23]¼14½ lxWcU/kks egkdkO;eqP;rs rL; y{k.ke~ k vk'khWuefLdz;koLrqfunsW'kks okfi rUeqÂe~«74«bfrgkldFkksn~Hkwrferj}k lnkJ;a k prqWÂxWQyksisra prqjksnkruk;de~ «74«

uxjk.kWo'kSyrqWpUædksWn;o.kWuS% k m/kku lfyydzhMke?kqikuLrksRlo % «76«foizyEHkSfoWoknS'p dqekjksn;o.kWuS% k eU=nwriz;k.kkfuuk;dkH;qn;Sjfi «77«vyM~d`relaf{kIra jlHkkofujUrje~ k lxSWjufrfofLr.kSW% JO;o`rS% lqlfU/kfHk% «78«loW= fHkUuo`rkUrS#isra yksdjatda k dkO;a dYikUrjLFkkf; tk;sr lnyad`fr «19«dkO;n'kW & 1 % 14&19] esgjpaUn yNeunkl]fnYyh] 1973 izFke k¼15½ v"VlxkWUu rq U;ua f='kr~lxfPp ukf/kde~ kegkdkO;a iz;kDrO;a egkiq#idhfrW;qDre~ «VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[H G\P!#¼16½ okx~oSnX/;iz?kkusMfi jl ,ok= thfore~ kvfXuiqjk.ke~] 337@24&23] pkSÂEck laLd`r fljhtvkfQl] okj.klh&1]1966] izFkke laLdj.k¼17½ lxWcU/kks egkdkO;a r=Sdks uk;d% lqj% k ln~oa'k% {kf=;ks okfi ?kkeSgkr xq.kkfoUr «,sdoa'kHkok Hkwik% dwytk cgkoksMfi ok k 'kàxkj&ohj&'kkUrkuke~ ,sdksM~xh jl b";rs «vM~xkfu losWMfi jlk% losW ukVdla/k;% k bfrgkllksn~Hkoa o`reU;}k lTtukJ;e~ «187pRokjLrL; oxkW% L;qLrs"osda p Qya Hkosr~ k vknh uefLdz;k'khokW oLrqfunsW'k ,o ok«DofpfUuank Âyknhuka lrka p xq.kdhrWue~ k ,sdo`re;S% i/kSÂlkusMU;o`rdS% «ukfrLoYik ukfrnh/kkW lxkW v"Vkf/kdk bg k ukuko`re;S% Dokfi lxW% d'pu n';rs «l;kWUrs HkkfolxWL; dFkk;k% lwpua Hkosr~ k la/;klw;sWUnqjtuh] iznks"k/okUrokljk «izkrWe?;kg~u e`x;k 'kSyrqWoulkxjk% k laHkksxfoizyEHkkS p eqfuLoxWiqjk/ojk% «j.kiz;k.kks;kik;eU=n;kn;% k o.kZuh;k ;Fkk;ksX;a lkaxksikaxk vHkh bg «dosWo`rL; ok ukEuk uk;dL;srjL; ok «ukekL; lxksZikns;dFk;k lxWuke rq «lkfgR;niW.k] 315&324] pkSÂEck fo?kkHkou]okj.klh] 1957 k¼18½ usrk fouhrks e/kqjLR;kxh n{k% fiz;aon% k jDrkyksd% 'kqfpokWXeh #

188;q);qRlkg Le`fr iz>k dykeku lefUor% k 'kwjks n

¼36½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[H G\PZ_¼37½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[H G\PZ_¼38½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[H G\PZ_¼39½ "All Primitive epics deal broadly speking with the samesubject matter. Their themes are furnished in Homericpharse, " "The deeds of heroes, generally the greatlegendary heroes of a race and vast bodies of immemorialHudson, An Introduction to the study of Literature, London,George G. Harrap & Co. 1910, First published, p.106.¼40½ "A book of the tribe, A vital record of custom and traditionand at the same time a story book for generalentertainment." Merchant Paul, The Epic, John D.Jump,London, 1977, Reprint P.1.¼41½ An epic poem is by common consent a marrative of somelength and deals with events which have a certaingrandeur and importance and come from a life of action,especially of violent action such as war.Bowra C.M., From virgil to Milton, St.Martin's Press, Newyourk, 1945, First edition, P.16.¼42½ "The Epic of growth is fresh, spontaneous, racy. The Epic ofArt is learned, antiquarian, bookish, imitative."¼43½ "This sense of dedication to the study of Literature, P.107.humbly sets out to build a superlatively spelendid Cathedralto the gloy of god, is the characteristic of all major epicwriters." Ress R.J., An Introduction to English Literature, St.Martin's Press, Newyourk, 1966, P.45.¼44½ The art of the epic is not so selective, its characters may bevery numorous ranging from gods to vegabonds, its similarbackground may change frequently, it may cover a period of189

many years of even centuries and the events, it describes mayrange from the earth shaking to the trival."Rees R.J., An Introduction to English Literature, P.46¼45½ "The Epic poet is something like a prophet inspired andsubtending in his great task by the consciousness that hisfellwmen regard him as their spokesman and representativeto the rest of history."Rees R.J., An Introduction to English Literature, P.47¼46½ "As to the general taste there is a little reason to doubt that awork where heroic actions are related in an elevated stylewill, without further requisite be deemed an epic peom."Dixon M., English Epic and Heroic Poetry, P.18¼47½ "Yet Heroic poetry is one, whether of the East or West, theNorth or South. Its blood and temper are the same and thetrue epic, wherever created, will be a narrative poemoriganic in structure, dealing with great actions and greatcharacters in a style commensurate with the lordliness ofits theme, which subject by means of episode andamplification." Dixon, M., English Epic and Heroic poetry,P.24¼48½ Lejgqrk'kunhfir;k - - -- - -- - - - - - 'oflrfufeWreeZjeqfTM>re~ « uS"k/k&i` -26¼49½ fufo'kr ;fn 'kwdf'k[kk - - - -- -- - -- - -- - izfo'; gfn fLFkr% « uS"k/k&4&11¼50½ mifjtr#tkfu ;kpekuka - - -- - - -- - -- - - eqX/ko/kweqnkl nksH;kWe~ « f'k'kqiky&7&46¼51½ ekxkWpy O;fr djkdqyrso flU/kq%'kSykf/kjktru;k u ;nkS u rL;kS « dqekj&i` -85¼52½ ,oa okfnuh nso"kkW ikoZrs firqj?kkseq[kh kyhykdeyi=kf.k x.k;kekl ikoWrh « dqekj 6&84¼53½ gLrsu gLra ifjx`g; - -- - -- - - -- - -- izkI;so pwr% izfr iYyosuk k j/kq&7&21¼54½ vklh}; - - -- - - - - foHkDrso euksHkosu « j/kq&7&22190

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2185FN8L5¼1½ Khosla sarla, Asvaghosa and His Times, Intellectualpublishing House, New Delhi-1986, First edition,¼2½ N[;F. lHT[gã o cc;\:S'T ;FlCtIGM .lTCF; !)(5v(&4 5C[,L VFJ'lT4 5[P#P¼3½ vk;Zlqo.kkZf{kiq=L; lkdsZrL;] fHk{kksjk?kk;ZHksnUrk'o?kks"kL; egkdosZokfnu%d`frfj;e~A VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[.H G\PZ*¼4½ Law B.C. Asvaghosa, The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal,Calcutta, 1946, P.3.¼5½ Law B.C., Asvaghosa-P.3.¼6½ Ibia, P.6.¼7½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[.H G\PZ*¼8½ 'kkL=h gfjnRr] egkdfo v'o|ks"k vkSj mudk dkO;] lkfgR; fudsru]dkuiqj&1963] izFke laLdj.k] i`&7¼9½ r;ks% lRiq=;ksZe?;s 'kkD; jktks jljt% Ae?;ns'k bo O;Drks fgeoR;kfj ik=;ks% « lkSUnjuan&dkO;&2@62¼10½ 'kkL=h gfjnRr] e v'o|ks"k vkSj mudk dkO;] i`&8¼11½ 'kkL=h gfjnRr] e v'o|k"k vkSj mudk dkO;] i`&8¼12½ vJkUr% le;s ;Tok ;> Hkwfeeehe;r~ A ikyukõ f}tkku czã fulf)Xueehir~ «lkSUnjuan dkO;&2@35¼13½ D]GLD VG[ SLSF6L o ;F{gNZG\N DCFSFjIDcc s;U"v#4$45f ;LP HDGFNF;GLS\5GL VDNFJFN4 !)*Z4 5|YD VFJ'lT4 5[P#P¼14½ Keith A.B.,-History of Sanskrit Literature, OxFord Uni.Press, London, 1920, First Edition, P.55¼15½ Law B.C., Asvaghosa, P.4¼16½ Law B.C., Asvaghosa, P.5¼17½ GF\NL T5:JL s0MPf o cc;\:S'T GF8SMGM 5lZRIcc I]lGJl;"8L U|\YlGDF"6 AM0"4VDNFJFN4 !)*)4 ZÒPVFJ'lT4 5[P5ZP¼18½ Winternitz M., History of Indian Literature, II, P.257¼19½ ukl`{kncfye izkIra ukl{kUekueS'oje~ AvkxeScqZf}ekf?k{kn/kekZ; u rq dhrZ;s « lkSUnjuUn&2@20¼20½ ;L; lqO;ogkjõ j{k.kký lqÂa iztk% A

f'kf';js foxrksn~osxk% firqjš.krk bo « lkSUnjuUn&dkO;&2@7¼21½ vaxusyky Mks +&vý/kks"k dkyhu Hkkjr] dSyk'k izdk'ku] yÂum&1973&izFkelaLdj.k i`&7¼22½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[.H G\P#_¼23½ Law B.C., Asvaghosa, P.4¼24½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[.H G\P5_¼25½ Johnston B.H., Buddhacarita, Motilal Banarsidas Delhi,1978, Reprint, Introduction, P.17¼26½ Law B.C., Asvaghosa, P.40¼27½ Shastri Harprasad, Sauddaranda Kavya, Bibliotheca Indica,192, JASB Calcutta, 1990, Preface. P.XXI-XXII.¼28½ Law B.C., Asvaghosa, P.5¼29½ Shastri Harprasad-Saundaronda Kavya, P.XXII¼30½ ZFDFI6 A]âRlZTsSf ZFDJGUDG sSf A]âG]\ DCFlElGQS|D6sBf ;FZlYG]\ 5FKF OZJ]\ sBf K\NSG]\ 5FKF OZJ]\sUf NXZYGM lJ,F5 sUf X]âMNGGM lJ,F5VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[.H G\P#!¼31½ okYehfdfjo /kheka'; /kherkseSfFky;;k% « lkSUnjuUn dkO;&1@26¼32½ (i) Winternitz Hostory of Indian Lit, Vol.II, P.260(ii) Keith A.B., History of sanskrit Litrature P.80¼33½ vaxusyky] vý|ks"k dkyhu Hkkjr i`&7¼34½ s!f Keith A.B., Tle Sanskrit Drama Oxfrod Uni. Press,sZfLondon, 1970, 5 th edition, P.1465ZLB ZPKMP cc;\:S'T GF8S ;FlCtIcc4 U]HZFT lJnF5L94 VDNFJFN4!)(_4 5|YD ;\:SZ64 5FP!_P219¼35½ dkfynkl pkSFkh 'krkCnh ds vUr eas ;k ikapoh 'krkCnh ds vkjEHk esa gq, gksxs Afejk'kh oklqnso] dkfynkl] iksI;qyj izdk'ku cEcb&ik&73¼36½ GFgNL T5:JL o cc;\:S'T GF8SMGM 5lZRIcc 5FP*#P¼37½ Marashi & Navlekar Kalidas, Date Life and Works : PopularPrakashan, Bombay,1969 first published, P.35¼38½ eq'kyxkZodj ds'kojko Mks + laLd`r egkdkO; dh ijEijk] i`&337¼39½ Johnston E.H,-Acts of the Buddha or Buddhacarita, Intro, XIV

220¼40½ O;olk;f)rh;su xqIrineuUrje~ A lksM'oRFkewya izi;kS A cq +?k +&12@115O;olk;f)rh;su izkIra ineuqRrje~ ukelaxhfr¼41½ 'kkL=h gfjnRr e - v'o/kks"k vkSj mudk dkO;] i`&5¼42½ 'kkL=h gfjnRr e - v'o/kks"k vkSj mudk dkO;] i`&5¼43½ Johnston E.H.-Buddhacarita intro, XXI.¼44½ GF\NL T5:JL s0MPf cc;\:S'T GF8SMGM 5lRIcc 5FP$*P¼45½ 'kkjhiq= izdj.k uoeks³Xda vk;Z;Zlqo.kZf{kiq=L;&I;kZ'o/kks"kL;~d`frj'kkj}krh iq=izdj.ka lekIra lekIrkfu pk³~dkfu uo A5ZLB Z KM o cc;\;S'T GF8S ;FlCtIcc 5FGF G\PZ&P¼46½ V[HG4 5FPZ&¼47½ SLYS'T ;\:S'T GF8S 5FP))¼48½ Johnston E.H.-Buddhacarita intorducton, P.XIII¼49½ GFgNL T5:JL o cc;\:S'T GF8SMGM 5lZRIcc 5FP5Zv5&¼50½ Krishanamachariar, History of classical Sanskrit Literature,P.126¼51½ Winternitz History of Indian Literature, P.257 (F.N.I.)¼52½ Keith, History of Sanskrit Literature, P.55¼53½ Law B.C., Asvaghosa, P.2¼54½ Ibid, P.3.¼55½ Thomas F.W., Kavindrava cansamuccaya, Bibliotheca,Indica Series, Asiatic Society-7, Calcutta, 1912, IntroductionP.25-27¼56½ VF U|\Y HMJF D/[, GYL4 5Z\T] VxJWMQF V\U[GF ;\NE"U|\YM TYF V\U|[ÒT[DH lCgNLDF\ ,BFI[, ;\:S'T ;FlCtIGF VG[ EFZTLI ;FlCtIGF\ .lTCF;DF\YLDFlCTL D[/JL K[P¼57½ Winternitz : History of Indian Literature, II, P.265-66¼58½ Khosla Sarla : Asvaghosa and His Times, P.29¼59½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[.H G\P5!¼60½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[.H G\P5!¼61½ 8/S o cczLDN EFUNULTF ZC:Icc4 HPzL l8/Sv5&(4 GFZFI6 5[94,MPl8/S D\lNZ 5]GFvZ4 !)5&4 5FP5&$¼62½ D}/ U|\Y 5|F%T YI[, GYLP lJlJW ;\NE"U|\YMDF\YL DFlCTL D[/J[, K[P¼63½ Johnston E.H.-Buddhacarita, Intro. P.22.

¼64½ Winternitz, History of Indian Literature, II, P.266¼65½ Keith, History of Sanskrit Literature, P.56¼66½ D}/ U|\Y 5|F%T YI[,M GYLP lJlJW ;\NE"U|\YMG[ VFWFZ[ 5lZRI VF%IM K[P¼67½ vZxusdky] v'o/kks"k dkfyu Hkkjr] i`&6¼68½ 'kkL=h gfjnRr] e v'o/kks"k vkSj mudk dkO;] i`&43 A¼69½ D}/ U|\Y 5|F%T YI[,M GYLP lJlJW ;\NE"U|\YMG[ VFWFZ[ 5lZRI VF%IM K[P¼70½ Khosla Sarla; Asvghosa and His Times; P.36-37¼71½ D}/ U|\Y 5|F%T YI[, GYLP lJlJW ;\NE"U|\YMG[ VFWFZ[ 5lZRI VF%IM K[P¼72½ 'kkL=h gfjnRr] e v'o/kks"k vkSj mudk dkO;] i`&44 A¼73½ D}/ U|\Y 5|F%T YI[, GYLP lJlJW ;\NE"U|\YMG[ VFWFZ[ 5lZRI VF%IM K[P¼74½ SLYS'T ;\:S'T GF8S o EFUv! 4 5FP!_&¼75½ pkS/kjh lw;Zukjk;.k] v'o?kks"kd`r] cq)pfjr A¼76½ Winternitz; History of Indian Literature Ii, P.259-260¼77½ vxusyky] v'o/kk"k dkyhu Hkkjr] i`&5¼78½ cq)pfjr] &28@74¼79½ VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIM 5[.H G\P5$¼80½ pkS/kjh gfjnRr] e v'o/kks"k vkSj mudk dkO;] i`&31 A¼81½ Keith; History of Sanskrit Literature, P.57¼82½ 'kkL=h gfjnRr] e v'o/kks"k vkSj mudk dkO;] i`&32 A¼83½ fuxZrklq u ok dL; dkfynklL; lwfDr"kq AizhfreZ/kqjlkUæklq e>tjhf"o; tk;rs « g"kZpfjre~&iwoZlqfjoanuk¼84½ bfr Jh izojlsu fojfprs dkfynkld`rs egkdkO; - - - -- vH;kl A dkO;izdk'k¼85½ r|Fkk dkfynkl fda dqUr ysýj% djksfr bfr fodzekfnR;su i`"B mDrokuvlQy gkflR;fr A HkRt 'kàxkjizdk'k221

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314lanHkZxzaFklwfp¼1½ v"Vk?;k;h A ikf.kfuf'kjh"kpUnz clqeksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh1962 A¼2½ vfHkuoHkkjrh A vfHkuoxqIrfgUnh foHkkxfnYyh foÜo fo/kky;fnYyh] 1660 A¼3½ vfHkKku'kkdqary A ljLorh iqLrd HkaMkj¼dkfynkl½ vgenkckn A¼4½ _Xosnlfgark A ljLorh n;kuanJherh ijksidkfj.kh lHkk]vtesj] laor&2032 "k"Bko`fr% A¼5½ _Xosn A oSfnd la'kks/ku e.My] iwuk]¼lk;.kHkk";lfgr½ A¼6½ d.kZHkw"k.ke~ A x›uUn dfojktfu.kZ;lkxj izsl]cEcbZ]1626 A¼7½ dkO;foykl% A fpjTthorkjk;U=ky;]okjk.klh] 1635 A

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316¼15½ dkO;kuq'kklue~ A¼16½ dkO;izdk'k A¼17½ rdZHkk"kk A¼18½ n'k:id A¼19½ ?oU;kyksd A¼20½ U;k;fl)kareqDrkoyh A¼21½ uojleTtjh AgsepanzJh egkfoj tSu fo|ky;]1964 AeEeVljLorh iqLrd HkaMkj]vgenkckn Ads'kofeJpkS[kEck laLd`r lhjht vkfQlokjk.klh] 1667 A/kuat;ch - vsp + 'kkgikÜoZ izdk'ku]vgenkckn AvkuUno/kZueksrhyky cukjlhnklfnYyh] okjk.klh] iVuk]lEor~&1663 Afo'oukFkeksrhyky cukjlhnklfnYyh] okjk.klh] iVuk]1653 Aujgfjlaiknd% ih - th - ykYnsgSnjkckn A

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318¼29½ HkfDrjlke`r flU/kq% A¼30½ Hkkoizdk'kue~ A¼31½ Hkkoizdk'kue~ A¼32½ Hkkoizdk'kue~ A¼33½ eUnkjejUnpEiw A¼34½ ekyfodkfXufe=e~ A¼35½ ;tqosZn ¼'kqDy½ A¼36½ jlrjafx.kh Ajqi xkSLokehfgUnh foHkkxfnYyh fo/kky;]fnYyh] 1963 A'kkjnkru;vksfj;UVsy buLVhV;qV]cMkSnk] 1630 A'kkjnkru;vuqoknd% Mks - enueksgu vxzokypkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh izdk'ku]okjk.klh] fo - la - 1982 A'kkjnkru;pkSjoEck lqjrHkkjrh] okjk.klh1983 Ad`".kdfofu.kZ;lkxj izsl]cEcbZ] 1924 AdkfynklljLorh iqLrd HkaMkjvgenkckn&1995 Aoklqnso 'kekZ i.klhdjfu.kZ;lkxj izsl] cEcbZ1929 AHkkuqnrdk'khukFk 'kkL=heksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyhX;kjgokZ laLdj.k& 1979 A

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320¼44½ jlx›k/kj A¼45½ jlpfUnzdk A¼46½ jlnhf|Zdk AtxUukFkpkS[kEck fo|kHkou]okjk.klh]1966 Afo'osÜoj ik.Ms;]fo|kfoykl izsl]okjk.klh] 1936 Afo|kjkelaiknd% xksiky ukjk;.k cqgjk]jktLFkku iqjkrRokUos"k.k efUnj]tks/kiqj] 1706 A¼47½ jldkSLrqHk A¼48½ jktrjafx.kh A¼49½ y/kqdkO;laxzg A¼50½ fodzekoZ'kh;e~ Aos.khnr'keZu~laiknd % cnjhukFk >k&'kekZfefFkyk laLd`r fo|kihB]fefFkyk AdYg.kfoÜosÜojkuUn oSfnd fjlpZ bfUlVV;qV]gks'kh;kjiqj - 1965 A{ksesUnzvk;sZUnz 'kekZmlekfu;k fo'o fo|ky;]gSnjkckn] 1962 AdkfynklLVqMUVl ifCyds'ku dkqa +]Hkkouxj 1954 A

321¼51½ fodzeksoZ'kh;e~ A¼52½ J`›kjlkfj.kh A¼53½ Jà›kj'krd A¼54½ f'k'kqikyo/ke~ A¼55½ 'k`xkjizdk'k AL=X/kjk ukUnhegktu cqd Mhiks]vgenkckn Afp=/kjrkjk;U=ky;] okjk.klh]1965 AHkrqZgfjckcq gfjnkl oS/kgfjnkl ,Un dEiuh izk - yh - eFkqjk Alaiknd % izk - lqjs'k nosljLorh iqLrd HkaMkj]vgenkckn]v|ru vko`fr] 1994&95 AHkkstnsodksjsus'ku izsl]eSlqj] 1962 A¼56½ 'k`›kjeTtlk A vdcj 'kkg¼'k`›kjeTtjh½ laiknd% Hkos'kpUnz Hkêkpk;Zdydrk] 1363 A¼57½ LoIuoklonre~ A¼58½ ljLorh d.BkHkj.ke~ AljLorh iqLrd Hk.Mkj]vgenkckn] v|ru vko`fr&1991&92 AHkkstnsoO;k[kkdkj % Mks - dkesÜojukFk feJpkS[kEck vksfj;UVy] okjk.klh]iz - la 1892 A

322¼59½ ljLorhd.BkHkj.ke~ A¼60½ lkfgR;niZ.k A¼61½ laxhr jRukdj% AHkkstjktjRusÜojfeJtSuizHkkdj izdk'ku]foÜoukFk AJh foÜoukFk 'kkL=hpkSjoEck laLd`r iqLrdky;] okjk.klh]o"kZ % 1957 A'kk›Znsooks &4] v?;k;&7ykbczsjh] v³;kj] 1953 A¼62½ g"kZpfjre~ A¼63½ galfoykl% AHkkstnsock.k]ljLorh iqLrd HkaMkj]vgenkckn&1987 AgalfeVBqdk'kh laLd`r lhjht]dk'kh] 1936 A

fgUnh %%&323¼1½ v'o|ks"kdkyhu Hkkjr A vaxusyky ¼Mks -½dSykl izdk'ku y[kumizFke laLdj.k&1973 A¼2½ vfHkuo dk jl foospuA uxhunkl ikjs[k Avuqokn% Mks izseLo#i xqIrfoÜo fo|ky; izdk'ku]okjk.klhizFke laLdj.k] 1984 A¼3½ vfXuiqjk.ke~ A mik/;k; cynso ¼vkpk;Z½¼osnO;kl½pkS[kEck laLd`r flfjrt vksfQlokjk.klh&11966] izFke vko`fr A¼4½ dkfynkl A fejk'kh oklqnso ¼Mks -½iksI;qyj izdk'ku] cEcbZ]1967] r`rh; laLdj.k A¼5½ dkO;kn'kZ A xqIr /kesZUnzdqekj]¼n.Mh½esgjpUn yNeunkl]fnYyh] 1973]izFke laLdj.k A- - - ¼6½ dkO;kyadkjlw=o`fr A Mks vkj ih egsrk¼okeu½ljLorh iqLrd HkaMkj]vgenkckn A

324¼7½ ?oU;kyksd A ik

325¼15½ 'k`›kjjl% Hkkouk vkSj fo'ys"k.k A¼16½ 'k`›kjjl dk 'kkL=h; foospu Ajek'kadj tSryh]jktLFkku fgUnh xzUFk vdkneh]t;iqj AMks - bUnzikyflagpkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh]1967 A]- ¼17½ lkfgR;niZ.k A Mks lR;ozrflag¼foÜoukFk½pkS[kEck fo|kHkou]okjk.klh] lIre laLdj.k]1988 A- ¼18½ lkfgR;niZ.k A Mks lR;ozrflag¼foÜoukFk½pkS[kEck fo|kHkou]okjk.klh] 1957 A¼19½ lkSUnjuUn dkO; A¼20½ laLd`r lkfgR; dk bfrgkl Av'o?kks"kpkS/kjh lw;ùkjk;.k]eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]fnYyh] laor&2036]r`rh; laLdj.k AdhFk]'kkL=h eaxynso]eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]fnYyh] 1960 A¼21½ laLd`r egkdkO; dh ijaijk A eq'kyxkZodj ds'kojko Mks -pkS[kEck fo|kHkou]okjk.klh] izFke laLdj.k]1969 A

326¼22½ laLd`r ok³~e; dk c`gn~ bfrgklprqFkZ [k.M dkO; A¼23½ laLd`r dkO;'kkL= dk bfrgkl A¼24½ laLd`r lkfgR; dk bfrgkl A¼25½ laLd`r lkfgR; dk bfrgkl A¼26½ laLd`r lkfgR; dk bfrgkl A¼27½ laLd`r lkfgR; dk bfrgkl Aiz/kku lEikndin~eHkw"k.k vkpk;Z]Jh cynso mik/;k;]lEiknd %izks - jk/kkoYyHk f=ikfBmrj izns'k laLd`r laLFkku]y[kum] izFke laLdj.k&fo -l -&2053&1967 Aizdk'kd% eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]fnYyh&iVuk&okjk.klhizFke laLdj.k fo - l - &1966 AokpLifr xSjksykpkS[kEck fo|kHkouokjk.klh &1 laLdj.kizFke vko`fr fo - l - &2017 AokpLifr xSjksykpkS[kEck fo|kHkouokjk.klh] r`rh; laLdj.k1985 Acynso mik/;k;izdk'kd% 'kkjnkefUnjokjk.klh] v"Ve laLdj.k&1968 Aih - oh - dksyvuqokn % Mks - bUnzpanz 'kkL=heksrhyky cukjlhnklfnYyh] izFke laLdj.k&1966 A

U]HZFTL oov327s!f VlE7FG XF\S]T,P SFl,NF; S'T4DUGEF. RT]ZEF. 58[,4VDNFJFNP ;J\T !)!5PsZf ^vfHkKku'kkdqUrye~* V[S VwIIGP 0MP XFlgTS]DFZ 5\0IF45F`J" 5|SFXGVDNFJFNPs#f VxJWMQFGF\ DCFSFjIMP 0MP ZlxD 5|n]dGEF. DC[TF5F`J" 5la,S[XG4VDNFJFN;\:SZ6 5C[,]vZ___Ps$f SFjIDLDF\;F V[S VwIIGP ZFHX[BZ S'T4Zl;S,F, RLDG,F, l+5F9L4I]lGJl;"8L U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4U]HZFT ZFHI4 VDNFJFNv#(_ __&P5|YD VFJ'lT o !)()Ps5f SFjIF,\SFZ;}+J'lTP 0MP VFZP 5LP DC[TFsJFDGf;Z:JTL 5]:TS E\0FZ4VDNFJFNPs&f GF8I Z;P ZFD5|;FN 5|[P A1FLR[TG 5|SFXG U'C 5|F.J[8 l,DL8[04J0MNZFP5|YD VFJ'lT o !)(ZPs*f 5|lXQ8 VG[ VFW]lGS ;\:S'T;FlCtIGM .lTCF;P5F`J" 5|SFXGVDNFJFNPs(f EZT GF8IXF:+P ;\5FNS 0MP DC[X XFCI]lGJl;"8L U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"U]HZFT ZFHI4 VDNFJFNP5|YD VFJ'lT o !))$P

328s)f EZTG\] GF8IXF:+P 0MP T5:JL GFgNLVwIFIv&U]HZFT I]lGJl;"8L4 VDNFJFNPVlEGJEFZTL ;lCTP5|YD VFJ'lTv!)*)Ps!_f EFZTLI SFjIDLDF\;FP0MP V~6R\ã XF:+L4WL 5M%I],Z A]S :8MZ4;]ZTPs!!f DCFSlJ SFl,NF; P 0MP UF{TD 58[,;\:S'T ;[JF ;lDlT4 VDNFJFNP5|YD VFJ'lT o !)(ZPs!Zf Z;GM ZFHF X'\UFZZ;Ps!#f ;F{gNZG\N DCFSFjIP;U" s#4$45fsVxJWMQFfs!$f ;\:S'T GF8SMGM 5lZRIPs!5f ;\:S'T GF8SPNM,TEÎzL 5F`J" 5|SFXGVDNFJFN5|YD VFJ'lT o !)(#P5|SFXS o D]GLD TYF SLSF6L;LP HDGFNF;GL S\5GLV[HI]S[XG, 5la,X;"4VDNFJFN4 !)*Z5|YD VFJ'lTP0MP T5:JL GFgNLI]lGJl;"8L U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4VDNFJFNP5|YD VFJ'lTv!)*)PSLYS'T4U]HZFT lJWF;EFEã o VDNFJFNVFJ'lT o ! ,L .P;P!)##5|YD 5]GD]"ãF6 o !)&_P

329s!&f ;\:S'T GF8S ;FlCtIPs!*f ;\:S'T ;FlCtIGM .lTCF;Ps!(f ;\:S'T ;FlCtIGM .lTCF;Ps!)f ;\:S'T ;FlCtIGM .lTCF;PsZ_f zLDNŸ EUJTŸ ULTF ZC:IP5ZLB Zl;S,F, KM8F,F,U]HZFT lJnF5L9VDNFJFN!)(_v5|YD ;\:SZ6PN[;F. lHT[gã s5|FPf5F`J" 5|SFXGVDNFJFN!)(5v(&P;Z:JTL 5]:TS E\0FZ4VDNFJFNP5|SFXS o Vl`JGS]DFZ ALP XFC;Z:JTL 5]:TS E\0FZVDNFJFNPl8/Sl+J[NL pTD,F, S[4,MS DFgI l8/S D\lNZ4 5]GFvZ4.P;P!)&5P

330English ::-(1) A History of Sanskrit S.N. Dasgupta and S.K. De,literature classical university of calcuttaperiod vol-1. 1947.(2) A Histry of Sanskrit Keth A. B.Litrature.Oxford university presslondon 1920,First edition.(3) A History of English Mundra J.N.Literature.Prakash Book Depot,Bareilly, Vol-2.(3) History of classical Sanskrit M. Krishnamachariarliterature.Motilal BanarasidasDelhi, 1974.(4) Asvaghosa and his Times. Khosla SarlaIntellectual Publishing house,New Delhi, 1986First edition.(5) Asvaghosa. Law B.C.The Royal Asiatic society ofBengal, colcutta, 1946.(6) An introduction to Rees R. J.english literature. St. Martin's pressNew Yourk, 1966.

331(7) An introduction to the Hudsonstudy of literature. George G. Harrap & Co.London, 1910First edition.(8) Buddhacharita. Johnston E. H.Motilal BanarsidasDelhi 1978.(9) English Epic and Dixon M.Theroic poetry.(10) From Virgil to Milton. Bowra C. M.St. Martin's PressNew Yourk, 1945First edition.(11) History of Classical SanskritM. Krishanmachariar literature.Motilal BanarasidasDelhi, 1947.(12) History of Dharmasastra. P.V.KaneVol-II, Part-I,Bhandarkar OrientalResearch Institutes,poona, 1941.(13) History of Indian Winterneitz M,Literature.Vol-I, Motilal Banarasidas,Delhi, 1972, First Edition.(14) History of Classical M. KrishnamachariarSanskrit literature. Motilal BanarasidasDilhi 1970Reprint P-82.

332(15) Kavindrava canasamuccaya.Thomas F.W.Bibliotheca, IndiaNew Series, No-1300,Asiatic Society-7calcutta 1912.(16) Sanskrit Poetics. Krishna ChaitanyaAsia Publishing House,Bombay, 1965.(17) The Origin and developmentDr. T.S. Nandiof the theory of Rasa and Gujarat universityDhvani in Sanskrit poetics. 1972.(18) The number of Rasas. Dr. V. RaghavanThe Adyar Liberaryand research Centre, Adyar,Madras, First Edition, 1940.(19) The Philosophical works of Cambridge Uni.Alizabeths Descartes. press, 1912.(20) The History of Indian WEBERLiterature.Chowkhamba SanskritSeries Office,Varanasi-1, 1961,6th edition.(21) The epic. Merchant Pasl,John D. Jump,London, 1977.

333(22) Theory of Rasa in Hari Ram MishtraSanskrit drama. Vindhyachal PrakashanChatarpur, M.P.First Edition, 1964.

XMW ,[B VG[ 5l+SF ov334s!f SFjIXF:+ 5|NLl5SFP 0MP V\AF,F, 5|HF5lTsXMW,[BGM ;\U|CfZL0Z4;\:S'T VG[ EFZTLI lJnF lJEFU4pPU]P I]lGP 5F86v#($Z&5P(2) Journal Royal Asiatic SocietyBombay Branch.vol 23-24.(3) Journal of Dept. of Letters, calcutta University Vol.1923.

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