IMPACT OF PIIIMING PATTENNS AND NUTRIENT MANAGf,,MENT ...

fuu<br />

<strong>IMPACT</strong> <strong>OF</strong> <strong>PIIIMING</strong> <strong>PATTENNS</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>NUTRIENT</strong><br />

<strong>MANAGf</strong>,,<strong>MENT</strong> ON AGRO.PHYSIOI,OGY <strong>OF</strong><br />

SUGARCANE (Saccrr arum ollicinon m L.)<br />

BY<br />

SIIAIIID AF1CBAN<br />

rt S.. (lo.r.) AGRONOMY<br />

A rhd'b sab',,id.d h parliautwn tu<br />

ofhe ftplrctttents lor the &gre.<br />

or<br />

DOCTOR OT PHIII)SOPHY<br />

IN<br />

AGRONOMY<br />

FACULTY <strong>OF</strong> AGRICULTI]Rf,<br />

UNII'ERSITY <strong>OF</strong> AGRICULTIJRE<br />

FAISALABAI!. PAXISTAN<br />

1996

---

To<br />

TheCotrtloller of Errmitratiotrs<br />

Univcrsity of Agriculturc<br />

F.isrhbad,<br />

W., tlc rop.dirort .ooiitl.., enit ll r!. @n(dt ,rd foo ot<br />

Itdi. rrbdih.d by Mi SEAf,tD AFGE N !.re ho fourd stifsrort |!d<br />

rerD..d tb.t it b. DMqxd fol drtulliotr by .!t m.t edr.F fo, .Br.d<br />

CHAIRMAN:<br />

MEMBER: DR MT]'IIAMMAD SAEED<br />

MEMBER:<br />

SPECIAI MEMBf,R:<br />

DR SAEED AH<br />

RlP-<br />

DR RIAZ HUSSAIN QT'R.ESHI<br />

DR SARDAR AHMAJ QURESHI

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ACKNOWLEDG<strong>MENT</strong>S<br />

I bow h 8ra1itude ro Alrnigiry Altat, rh€ nqt Mcrci &d<br />

CohpaioBrq 6e mo5t C@iN .nd Bc6cqr, *t@ Drrllrl@s<br />

bLsnBs €nrbtcd e ro p.@ire ed p!l$. tigic id* oflif.<br />

I dm ir ny pt r$rc b ruit tht opportu iry b qpres<br />

neane$ aratrude ald dc.p sd& of obligdion to my r4rrcnd<br />

sltei.or, D.. Sred Anrr4 Ercf.s$., Dlp.nhqr of Agosly<br />

(UAD, fo. hi! dodtur suidec., uir.iting p.rid@ d.t @nsrrdig<br />

bch.viour th.oudour lh.& ltgch .fon! dd p@.rr,o. of rhis<br />

I d hi8hty jnd.br.d ro Dr. M.SNun, prcfes$ EE;&i<br />

D.l.n!Mr of furercDy (rrAr), Dr MuhMmd Sa..4 Asiare<br />

r.ofB$r, D.patrhqr of Agrc.ony (UAF), Dr. x-H.eur.hi,<br />

Prcf.gs, DG!!n|Mt of soit SdaE (UAD .d DR s.A.eu6hi,<br />

Scidrlist Erncritus, AARI, F.iet bad for rhcir $hohdy ard<br />

syrhpathdic aldtudc ard h.lp b &i! cole ofrtudy.<br />

I would tale fii! opportuiry ro e{r€.d hy altrM.rcn tu<br />

.lpr.c|ard ro Mt Atr.f M. srtd! Cnif Ex.orriE Of6ccr dd<br />

Mr. Mulandd A*ds eurcahi, E\oriv. Ve !r..iddr , sh.la€ej<br />

Mns rihired, Jh&&, fo! 1h.n @Eistdt 6snci.l $ppon lnd oonr<br />

.n@ur.gdat duirg ny s1udi6

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I e dD er.ldI ro q' th& rld !or-gt| .e.ily rrt<br />

A|E A[@4 r.r'hd ldi &r, $trd cbo. Al,i d<br />

Dr. l&lsnd B.dir Cil ||l odr rll riifl ft.lt ir Sd.t t*<br />

drtry&rf..<br />

L.d hn d |b bd, I & grdy iid.aGd ro !y dr !06.r.<br />

hrd.rr dr.n nd ri. 5. &n ie! airq nqd d<br />

n liftour 6cdoo, qrdc[ Itdr@ n !o ..!ia! rE{ h .v!y<br />

ta.!dtE<br />

e44/4i&,,<br />

WIEDAI@IN

---

@<br />

ccR<br />

Cn<br />

D<br />

DW<br />

EC<br />

Frg.<br />

GiP<br />

s<br />

HI<br />

KS<br />

LAD<br />

L{I<br />

MBR<br />

NAR<br />

NFB<br />

PIE<br />

ABBREVIATIONS<br />

Fr8nn<br />

Kil"gnt<br />

Nd 6ild h-d.<br />

Ftiologicd ndi.d cfida'q

---

SIM Sugriuicc l'tol'sg<br />

sOP Sllat orpoEh<br />

SR SU!8tgMry<br />

SY Slg[ridd<br />

SSP SinSL $F pllorph,Ie

---

Cha@r I<br />

Chrpt r 2<br />

CONTENTS<br />

ACKNOWLEMME}ITS<br />

ABBREVI,ATTONS<br />

UST <strong>OF</strong> TABLES<br />

UST <strong>OF</strong> FTGIJRES<br />

'r1<br />

INTRODUCNON<br />

REVIEW <strong>OF</strong> IJTERATIJRE<br />

Plot$ing Prfier||s<br />

PLdltdcr<br />

Slhooa &y ldSh<br />

TIldiE<br />

CDSintr<br />

! .rirodrl lctgh<br />

CrF |c[th<br />

Itri.lost<br />

Pr$ #<br />

iii<br />

I<br />

5<br />

5<br />

6<br />

7<br />

7<br />

9<br />

lo<br />

10<br />

ll<br />

l6<br />

t6<br />

t7

---

Chrpi..3<br />

2.1.21 Cotgo$rh 6te<br />

2124 Naaimildidnr.<br />

2.1.3.I SuS yi.ld<br />

2,r.{ E oudicA!.8an!<br />

2.1.4.1 N.t&nni'rom<br />

2.2 NutriefllManagcrnent<br />

B<br />

t.l<br />

33<br />

35<br />

Pbr! lxrSlt<br />

rrloing<br />

c@8inh<br />

Cre Qqdlty<br />

tugartrdd<br />

MATERJAIS <strong>AND</strong> METIIOD6<br />

}r!..dd! ft. tto{d9od. prlP.rdin<br />

Phtlicrdmiql dlrtyiis of<br />

Pbrn !Db4i! brl0K &rtrinali@<br />

Aguutry/opdlti8 of spaioEtlrl lutd<br />

t7<br />

t3<br />

ta<br />

l8<br />

l9<br />

l9<br />

20<br />

20<br />

m<br />

2l<br />

2l<br />

22<br />

23<br />

23<br />

23<br />

u 27<br />

27<br />

2A<br />

2a<br />

2a<br />

28<br />

!0<br />

l0<br />

32<br />

34<br />

t4<br />

37

---

36<br />

1.6.t<br />

3 6.2<br />

3.6.3<br />

3.7<br />

3.Zl<br />

1.7.t.1<br />

37_t_2.<br />

3.7.t.3<br />

3.7.t.4<br />

1.7.t.5<br />

3.1.t.6<br />

3.7.t 7<br />

3.7t 3<br />

3.7.1.9<br />

37.1.t0<br />

3.7.1.1r<br />

3.7.t.t2<br />

3.7.1.13<br />

3.7.t.t4<br />

31.2<br />

3.7.2.1<br />

31.2.2<br />

f_7.L3<br />

3.7.2.1<br />

3.7.L5<br />

3.7.26<br />

3.7 7<br />

31.3.1<br />

3 7_3.2<br />

3.7.4<br />

3.7.41<br />

Qulitnivc<br />

P'!.Gd!. fd tEddiig d.t ofi.dntd<br />

Agonm'ic Data<br />

Nurbd oflill8 on' @<br />

Numb6ofri[.bLoB@n-' e<br />

Nunba ofiftdo&s @E-r<br />

c|ltbtgA<br />

Wdtlr ibp.+c1<br />

W.iSltl usthp.d.ce"<br />

Physiological Dah<br />

Phliologirl E tidr €mdacy<br />

Qudihti!,€ Data<br />

Tc't l Sltr<br />

E@icA!.rysis<br />

N.. fdd badr<br />

39<br />

39<br />

39<br />

39<br />

1()<br />

,o<br />

4<br />

40<br />

4l<br />

4!<br />

4l<br />

al<br />

4l<br />

al<br />

4I<br />

42<br />

42<br />

42<br />

42<br />

,ll<br />

43<br />

al<br />

a5<br />

45

---

1.7.4.2<br />

3.7.4.3<br />

38<br />

1.9<br />

Mdeorclogical Data<br />

Shti$irl ADabEis ad Gr,phjcs<br />

cLptcr 4 n"EsuI,Ts l|fn DFcussIoN<br />

at<br />

4.1.1<br />

4.t2<br />

4.t.3.<br />

4.t.4<br />

41,,5<br />

4.1 6<br />

4.11<br />

4.t.8<br />

4.t.9<br />

4.1,t0<br />

4.1.12<br />

4.1.13<br />

4l.ll<br />

4.1 t4<br />

4.2.1<br />

4.2.2<br />

4.2.3<br />

424<br />

4.L5<br />

4.2.6<br />

:IJ<br />

4.3.1<br />

4.3.2<br />

4.4.2<br />

N@tq ofiillds un'e<br />

Nur$€. ofmillbh clG uil ' @<br />

Nubs of intsroda qei<br />

Phy.ioLogioi dl'idn c6ciaFy<br />

Sl€,.ydd<br />

46<br />

.a<br />

.a<br />

ta<br />

51<br />

57<br />

6l<br />

65<br />

70<br />

?a<br />

a<br />

86<br />

90<br />

t0l<br />

l0l<br />

105<br />

109<br />

I4<br />

lt8<br />

lr2<br />

125<br />

125<br />

128<br />

132<br />

132<br />

133

---

14.3<br />

6.Da.r 5 su xfiv<br />

q)!,grs(n6<br />

eiccEsr(n6<br />

uTSnanntqltD<br />

APPINDICIS<br />

lll<br />

l3t<br />

t4<br />

lta<br />

t|!'<br />

l6l

---

LIST <strong>OF</strong> TABLES<br />

.lrlfa Tltk Pqe #<br />

L Sonrc empl. of thc ap&in8 of sgKsc ro*'-------- 4<br />

2 Bio-conpona$ly!itMore!pplication--------'---'-'- 14<br />

3. soildalysir bcfoE lNing th! cop--------------------- 35<br />

4 Soil dalysis ltr $. crcp h.M!t---------'------- 36<br />

5 c€miralion pqcol.a. of sgfqrc s atr€ct.d<br />

by ditr@i pl.ndng Pdd..d turi.ft evtr+--_-<br />

6. finrl pl&t lrrgh of$g|'t4 D !tr.i.dby<br />

dif.st plsli.t Fttcir rd rulticrl lcvd!-<br />

7. Sh@t d.y *detn uif' F ofeSrlgrc s !&cr.d<br />

by difasn pldirg pcr&.8 td 4nran lcvde-- 60<br />

3 No. ofrill6 @it' @ ofsS|llN B .tr .r.d<br />

by difqst pl. ug p.rr.fu od rulia|r lcvd!--- 63<br />

9 No. of nilhbl. oG uit'r..of sg.rc$e a !tr6Ld<br />

by ditr@l pldring patcm3 sd tutri4t lcv.lt----_---- 63<br />

lo. Md .e ginh of !u8rt@. s rfl€d.d by ditr rc<br />

pldting p.ttdnr .nd ruttidt l4l*--------'-'--------<br />

ll. Nunbqofiit mo&sct drof lugud.rs atr61.d<br />

by ditrdal plsting p.tl.d ed nutdan l4lF---<br />

12. tntercdtlldgthof$8sc.n 3 !trdcd by diflitot<br />

plt ni.s P.n6$ $d rultiaa lcwtF----<br />

-<br />

5t<br />

55<br />

72<br />

76<br />

30

---

13. Ce l6gth of rugacs. r! af€ded by diftMt<br />

pbnting panelDr r.d nuttidt lftl- -------<br />

la. W.igh driF.GdEr ofsg|rce s .tr ad !y<br />

difasn pLding ,!tta$ |nd dmidt lcv.l+- 8a<br />

15. TBt kiglt ofegarca. as.trcclcd by difcrcii<br />

pl4ting p.llan! $d rulridl lcvd&--_------- 91<br />

16. Tops kiglt of $8|'cre 3 ttrcdcd by dmss'l<br />

pbn ing pa!.@ .d Nlri l.v.$- 93<br />

17. Uiiripp€d cer Righ of$g@ a aftd.d<br />

by diferstr pb,ring p.(.r8 lrd Niriol ldds----------- 96<br />

18. Stippc6@yi{d of $s,|te a .ed€d by<br />

diett!|tpL inS P.naN.!d |!nri[ LidF- 100<br />

19. laf@ ildq of$8rc$c !6 tecrdbtdift.srt<br />

pl$tiry p|!l@ .rd Ntistt I.!d" ------<br />

20. Lsf@.tr.liod oflugru a !tre.r€d by<br />

difdan pbdig p||t.tr.ttd uti6t ldd+ 108<br />

21. Ctq groMh rd. ofoSrrce r .trcd.d by<br />

dif..ott pL ing pmd ltd Doi(d lc@le-- | 12<br />

22 N.t similarion oL ofluSsc!tu a !trdt6d by<br />

dif.ic plating pattcrn! ud nrnridt l*.lF---------- l 16<br />

23. H!.vrd ildq of$8ttt@ s f.(l.d rydieqn<br />

tlulilg @sE.nd Nuidtlcvd+ l2o<br />

2a. fly.ioloej€l tutrian ddaEy of$sasft a ttrelcd<br />

by ditr€r€l8 phming prcms ard mtridt lftl&----------- 124<br />

84<br />

IO4

---

25. si'€rE oEyof&gnces .fi.d.d !t ditrdoi<br />

plutilg p|rlm .nd nuti.oa Lvd 127<br />

25. $sr yild of'€.Er,|c $ sftdcd by ditr 'En<br />

Plrdii8 P.tlaB .d nfi.d l'tdt-.- 130<br />

2?. Nd fid b.r'.6. of &g|rsrc u aftd.db<br />

dieddtdiryp.t.ttt |'d odiln lclde- 135<br />

A. Ddid@ @lril of $8.rc.s .| .ftctd by<br />

died pbdiig p.!.|[ |,d ndi.d lcld!-- 135<br />

29, I'ldgidreofcadofog.|qlr.Gcr.d<br />

by dif.rdt pLNmins prlt N ard nutis! Iwde-------- 137

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,9.,va Ild.<br />

LIgf <strong>OF</strong> FIGARES<br />

L Dquln.dd of rfift.qn $g..Es d|,nii8 prlcnF- 3,<br />

2. M.a.orolo&cJd!r.- 47<br />

3. Ascilioo of$grc.rcg.nindim pa!.dg. eiut<br />

$rippcd-cocyidd 52<br />

a. Aeitid of $g|'c ddl{gh eiri<br />

d.ipp€d-orcyidd---------------- 56<br />

5. Slot d.y uiglt ofitgr@ s 6d.d ty deld<br />

pbltltg pe.n &d rdiatt ldd! drilg grefit Fi6d-<br />

6. Alsirti@ofe€.|t@ e.of tlk u&r eelib<br />

iiE d..aEvild- 4<br />

7 Arscidionofssec4m.ofDilrbboBuit_'!ssib<br />

*iFd.4rifr- O<br />

8 Alsildon ofDgdc4 '|E ce dnlt *irh<br />

9. Asidbn ofra[!.,|G |D. ofir.iEd..@rirl<br />

Pqp<br />

59<br />

11

---

l0 A!$cilrion of $gart@ iddbdd lagdr with<br />

ll.<br />

t2<br />

l3<br />

14<br />

t5.<br />

16.<br />

t7<br />

t3.<br />

t9.<br />

Alsltid of s8|tte cd lsEIn wdlr rdippd.@r ydd-<br />

A$@i.lion of $$r@c wirlt sippd-..rc' vith<br />

rafc idd!. of $gdrF .r rft.i.d by di&r.!<br />

phntiig pa.llars !d Nnion Ldr tuii8 SdrhFiodraf<br />

@ dd.Ii6 of$grm a afed.d by dietd<br />

dmits pddB &d Eri.rn l6d5 dlire SDwd!Fin-<br />

Cop SroMh la of$grr@ a.&dd br difrtatt<br />

pbrning p.ItaN aDd drhr Ld! duiiggo*$ paiod- lll<br />

AsiriD of og'tte.Erg. os? grosth nL witt<br />

Assiarion ofeg'lle rct ushilrrid 6b<br />

3triDf,.+@ y'.ld-<br />

"ftn<br />

A!4irb. of s€&te hntr ilds uth sip?.+@ yild-<br />

Assiai@ of rslJte osr ydd eid' oippd.6E yrdd-<br />

8l<br />

E5<br />

89<br />

l0l<br />

107<br />

ltl<br />

|7<br />

t2l<br />

l3t

---

CHAPTER I<br />

INTRODUCTION<br />

Tn &Md for $e;e is inci.aing r! os O. m d b.raF of poFdalid iqa&<br />

ed d.nand for a b€nd st$ddd of tiving. Tlt. atrcrD.rins bft lo m.a d,i. ddt€ore<br />

& 6tdty rc inclas dE a.r€gc *,tich @y mr b. ,c!.bt. fd . dedopiig @u|ny<br />

lit P.ld.*e Th. ody otls rlqdirc is n) i!|oq$ r[. prodlrn/i, F uir.r.r o<br />

thal thc qla ,p rcqui'€d is uliti,.d for sttpt€ food mps tike !via! na.nd @m<br />

This is po$ibl. in th. Ignt of rchmt%ic.l brdhhrough, Thi, i!vir.! tlF oiarist! ro<br />

b. iLdK! ir r€sch fo. noE .frcicnr pbr produdio r-hnolog, ad p@iding<br />

buit.i! sr* rddr|B io &ha occddl ftp prDd{rion<br />

W@ €44t'ru dtuieq L.) is slu in t rii. wiry of 6r&iB in ?c<br />

@unbid botl in 0E ropics rnd $bropid p|lide h^, . $tdqirt djllrlc wnfi si-ril<br />

@!ditio6. rr P.tins! sgdrlh is giom d $ @ ofo.963 nilioo hed&B *ith s brd<br />

.d!.r stripp€4@ piDddi@ of,t4.6, fiuion tdn ! giviu e Ns!g. ..E yud of<br />

46 16 I ht' (ADir@4 t99jt<br />

Sug.lte ic. lny irryid ca$ cflp ofpddn& *tich D.o!id!. rb bq!i. !!e nEr.i,t<br />

ror tlF $ge indlsi'y. Abon 60./, ofthc .4 prcdlc€d b @dEd in argd nil4 20 % ir<br />

Eraii€d by th. ftnB for !..d ud d. miniig 2OZo i, u5ed fo. Ktedei ed gu (*troL<br />

gbu 'W,l tlr''l i5 mr codfuScd tra! 6 djc. el[ps in Cqmlt Aeic. !d ritordlk<br />

h Mdico) turiig , .rd tu "t*ing fA*r,-a lgS!} ADaE iga6E eDMC<br />

..@rries of rhe wd4 prhda' rub ffft in cr& &.rg., lidi i, ce Foddbq<br />

tiiltsth h ogr. prds.iio ald $q,{i,rl, in fripp.d@ i.ld (Arbirrborq l99o). A

---

IMbs of f&1o6 @ sposibh {or low ce !d $€!r yi.rd. Som of thdn indud. viz.,<br />

itrtdlic€d @triio4 p@. olp $.n4 $b-rad{d ttrdodr of otlivdirr p@. d.d<br />

prcLdioq.ttd la.l ofhiSh yi.ldi.g, ady dtrii& $d ldryte4 good rtooni'B dtd<br />

dila' dinln $g,m widi(..<br />

As a biologi@l 6ljly, sg.rar dng otlivdd phd! ir @ oftlE pb^idogi€ny<br />

mr c6ci.'I @ffita! of ifti.loi r.|f oEg| into rlgr. A@tdirg io a di!!t*., e.<br />

aqy c.lode of as5' inv.c.d i' i4!t!e alirrliti,.!dn 6s ohri.. ofqEr$,.t<br />

handcd in its u!.!b fofl4 i.e., in ln. fom of $gu (Y&r4 l9l).<br />

Abcd 250 I hs' of $!|'carc id4 d @ty 150000 tfl.Dlc 68 lwi'B<br />

& rvdree *ietn of abdt L7 ke pd c@ is po$6lc ao ohe. tlovcg, d ptst d y<br />

,lo.tloo to 60.000 niLt'h oG of 100 to 1.25 !8/@ e o&4ii.d udd t tyi's<br />

con&ioB ofgro*th !d oidad@ it P.ki*s (Anonymq 1988) Tl|(tdor€, th@ i!<br />

and. s.opeer inFo!i.8 dErild by !i9roi'E nd6 ofnil$le 6E d qiNb. F<br />

Sugar..r is dE nFdr ddig rd adEstiF cor. A d!? of | 25 t IE_' rqrrc<br />

83 l(g dtrosE ! 3t kg P,Or t d 168 Lg K:O nom $. $il. Th6., i-!4t&6, nrl$ be ptsf<br />

in adcqud. q@tities in dE @t zm of d. 6op fd Foddbo ofliSlE ylld (Yrd&r,<br />

l9l). A!6n ton otha n|rtu€rdqt F!dicc., hca,a fodulvity<br />

or $8n€E @itlv<br />

deDsds on thc E of clmical ftdnira!. noeq, dE gQPV of ffiiars d!!ugt,<br />

&.rilid har rSS6ered dE Fobld of@riliEl intd.E hs*.d Fic6 @ald wilh<br />

shdt MiLbility of fddliA ir Pddtd te po6.d. qu.cio wnalq Ihe runidon<br />

dEn s6adint t e 6.edndV bG ddthusldt @ ofd8r'i: todt-gl|q<br />

In irxtrsnid Bi&6 tw $grr p.od!.ri4 |' ege nin, @ nnnlv<br />

tstg:* 6Xg €r.. dy rlh !n Ein gE (dirilldy .eEr) F'na @t .rd ddEa E

---

tradjtiodt durp.d rd dipored ofstici !.td! ro rg'r gqtdioo @d. Trqt&'q n w<br />

.k{rd b boe 6. ba!6.i.1 lsc of ft6 q}

---

CIIAPTER 2<br />

R,EITEW <strong>OF</strong> LITERATURE<br />

Rdiq of gW hporrat do.l,!Mr.d ogsiMig d inrd-rN *&ir€.d<br />

turridr DanaSmar in sSuse @nd!cr.d ir difrffir p$t! of th. rcrtd qfth<br />

v&yir8 agrcclin$ic @.diriG is s fo[N.<br />

2,I. PL{NTTNG PATTERNS<br />

M.ry .xpqiml! hrrc ba dj.d on in $rcr.t @tnrj6 ro ddmift 6.<br />

oplinuh sp&ing oftlE ro*s! *iltt {eid rcfacnc. to growo! irld jrd qurliy<br />

or sgeMe Som. ofth. lprcings which h.rc b..n us.d !r wi@s tin6 in<br />

difdcn Egio$ of rh. wd.l e 8i€ b ftU. 2. L<br />

Tabl€ 2.1 Sone elrnpt€r of the lprcing of sugrr(|m mws<br />

09-15<br />

l2,t.l5<br />

1.2-t.5<br />

1.2-15<br />

t4<br />

1.5<br />

L5<br />

1.2-1.8<br />

1.8<br />

1.6<br />

t65<br />

BfEd<br />

cr.rr.0959)<br />

SMldr & crpo (195a)<br />

Dq(l9lD<br />

Hunb.n (197t<br />

Kingetal.,(t 5)<br />

Chr*.0e62)<br />

h&3 (1954)<br />

Heh.n et al., (r%1,<br />

K@irg (1967)<br />

Dq(l9l D

---

AI.I AGRONOMY<br />

Gcmitation i. in{uor€d by sDy facloB $ch aq cli, tq qudity oa sed<br />

mtdial usd &d pldlinS trdtmdt' llollw undr ndd condiioru orh6<br />

f!.rorr viz, vari.ld b.lNior, sil tdDaienq $il ldrion and mistuq<br />

la|gth .d pGilid of s..d pi.{.. n|d$e 6datr ofs.ni nirisn $t! ofs€.d<br />

@e sc.d td.m! pl&tina rclDiq6 ard fenilid .ppliclion .ls b€om<br />

impon4t (Yadaq,l9l)<br />

Faihi ,r 4l (1974) reponcd ii Prri$d dtn sg&.m pler.d |! . 6G@ rcw<br />

tp&irg $re erqtd gcminiion pcrt€turgc dor lhrl ph cd citlE i $ cs or<br />

120 @ sp&.d re* b tadir, Siigh.nd Yrda (1986) obsi.d rhd in iry<br />

lynd of ce pLitii& gmiution fll eidr idadrg b bqd porri,ltioo F rit<br />

howq, lh. irni.l 3hoor potd.tion od lh. preponjon of @th6 dets rc*<br />

witb . sr..rd *€d ntc, re3lltiig in ruch hienr idd.<br />

SinSh a dr (198,<br />

.otulud.d dur steter inld-rcw 3p&inr rnd high6 eed rd.6ed.lt in@led<br />

Dq@i!g. gmirDtion of &tt'.<br />

2.1.1.2 Pltnt h.igta<br />

sr.lk lcnstn i5 tishb iduot .d by rrl. of l€.I oG96cq Nilt@ ,d<br />

ni.iM r@pddtur., tiec noirtur., toEl &r|r1 gra Ei8rrt of rha1\ $il<br />

mobi!rc, lolnirogs, &d ldt int€nNity. Th. doai!.lin8 f&loB for cldgario.<br />

e rd. of l€af o

---

tall€r, Bp*livdr @npaEd to lno& rl 1.5 i-rc* spEtrg. ti (1988), ii lrdh<br />

crnpar€dclnErtiorrlpbntiigd90@rylpdig*ith606cbiP6, 90ch<br />

row 3p&irg r"d pn phhtior (4167 piB h. ) 9ilh up lo 20 s.tts F pit. He<br />

folrd thlt s.& If,idi incsi.d wirh b ircrle in 3p&. a@!d th. 6e<br />

Donini lrd Pbft (1989) $d Gi[ (1995) rcpon d th.. pl&tiltg Flcns hrd r<br />

signifgt €f€.l on phrr lxight. Nl pit phddioi p|!.inr plodlccd signifcr y<br />

rrlq tl$a th.r ttoe of ftr pLni!8. Oe @s for tbe l6ga pltt& i. pil<br />

pLni.tion we !re ints-pl. conFitio for spr!. .id $ltlidt due !o norc<br />

plst poput lior in pit! th.r thn in nat phiirS. A leld llen wr lh. bdtet<br />

gD*th @rdilioB in pits b4De of d4F 601 4!€ od Mibtility of .I itrttrts<br />

wirhin lhs pits du. to th.r lo$lird applic3tron.<br />

2.r.lj S[@t.lty e.idr<br />

Dry odtq (DM) trcdudioi in $8.tts hs bdr ordatcd wnh i3<br />

norphologic:l clt rad* lik L.f tr.., !..f eqdq laf llltu8ln atd stphu'<br />

6ndmtii@. Otls h.1od afr..ring dry dd &dtu1.lior d.' veidi.s' tire<br />

,d mcthoit of pl&tirg, f..tilirs appti.dio[ ein@ $p9lv .nd int4-Pbr<br />

@npaition (Mdi ad siigL 1988 t) PLnting P.tt ft. hld r ri8ni66n G&d on<br />

dry w.iCt. su€lrcrt. in dl Pir<br />

pL"r|Iid p.dc$ ptoduc.d @*t t$ly tuF<br />

DM $d tnrr on frt DlrrtrS. Wittin !h. ph tratnsft gtoM it 100@ rytc'd<br />

pi$ ii ! dilgon l ftlhion &w Njmn DM Bv cottnll fie doP EoM<br />

in 60<br />

cn sp&.d sirgL o* 8.rc nini'M DM bd n s @t d.ricic.Iv 'lifaa$<br />

&on lhlt in 9o{m ry&.d doubled lrriF. Difts@ in DM in wiN

---

planting pan€o! tr$ Mib€d ro higtB @p 8rc$rh d. in pn pk irlion lhe<br />

dat otr nd pLli'lio.. (Mrli {i Siigb,1988 b |!d GU1995)<br />

2.1.1.4 Tirl.rilg<br />

lilldiig ep&ity ad gnivrl of rillq! e i'dua&.d ty phning |crniqE<br />

(pl$t sp&in8 ed ddBity), pbnring rjn . mblure dd nurial suppt 10 thc clop<br />

$d inld-pllm @paiion. Trudirg tu .bo i'nudF.d by ligit in4ity,<br />

vdiilation .rd tcnp.r!ture pMili'g in lh. ficld oidiljoB. Higtr pLIt d.Niry<br />

r.dus dlrirs bc$F of shdirg ,rd cmFirion for @tti6rs. (Diudij4<br />

1952) Thcrcfore, rcw spa.irg dcp.ndj o rhe runbq of 3tl15 us€d for pLdirg<br />

bd nunt r of blds on @h lar N@wcr spa.€d rcw @p go.6lt Foduc.d<br />

noE dud rh.D th. wi&r i!.rcd mp. I

---

tEmw irlqjow !p.d!g of 0.5 n r.$h€d in im6!.d yi.ld in @oF is to thc<br />

st$dard com.t!'d spa.ing of 1.5 n. I'orc$. in ield s dinly du. to b<br />

imr.e in slalk popslttion ar 0.5 n w sp&i.8 fot.[ do!8 Stalk pogidiod<br />

ditrGo6 wF ldg. .l @ly qoP d.v.loPtns st!e!, ddEscd Bit! iim bi,l<br />

$ill rcmded diftmt al hsrot Rtpid cepy @ret *tich reduc€d elql<br />

@6p.ritid m s .dvrltlrgc of !ull@ inia'res siisce €t a, (1966)<br />

found rhat nunbs of sta

---

ud rhEity, lnc g.at6 th. pl.ltt populdi@ Ilostg, ihcy pE&rcd lo r!d@<br />

the irtq-roe sp&ing d'rn to incr.r!. hnd daity for iEla!€d .ldb.f of c.l!!c<br />

El-Fatrrl er at(19E6) .@ned th4 im|!e ir 0!c irtd-@ sp6.ing in rlte tu8.<br />

of 90-150 d @s.d .dgniior incr.rr in drlk di.!r.id. L (1983) in hdi!<br />

&d Gill (1995) in Pali$ai rcponcd ilEi in pit pl&trlio!\ ce dieeler gndualt<br />

ddqtr! *ith an ilcrcls. in nunbs of pit3 u.if' @. Pits Aa.€d rt l0o co<br />

e].ve rhe l&gen @c dim.t€r of 2 55 cn. By @rt6! 60 cm rp.ed silgj. rM<br />

eave rh. sn llesr ce dh,*t.. ol2.l4 @ but rhe dif.r€ne b6Gn 60$<br />

spled srC. rowr &d 9Gd rp..cd dolblc@ r.iF pldnine tsrer'! E mF<br />

dgrifqtn Tt wi.bility ir ce difirad E .nnbud to bd€ gF$rn of<br />

$gace in pn r.l!nd! tlD rhrr in !.t pldi.8 lrahals<br />

2.r.r.7 NrEbaoailt Eo.l6<br />

Ptdling pat G h.d t !i8ltif@1 cf4r on runb6 of insnodB @dr . Crcp<br />

sroM in 100 m 3p..d pi1! i. . di.gotd fshid gve MinM n@bs of<br />

intermdg 6d' bu1 *s lrdirricdly on I pr with dDl in 5G d l00d spac.d<br />

piri. By @nrst, nininun runbrofi mod6 cMdr M foord in co? Ejs€d<br />

lr 6Gm spu€d singlc rcs hll n M s.tist'cdly.{ud lo tlEt rl 90d sDred<br />

doubleN sriip pllmin8 iynen. (IiEar! 1986. &d Gll 19s)<br />

2.1.ll Int Eorltl L!$h<br />

SIg!.@ grom in pit rp..ql .t 75 d lad.d to !'od@<br />

loog€.. itcqrods<br />

(tl @) hn d!.t qft mt *.lidic.lly longd rh'l in 504 sp.cd tft!. at

---

@i.nn, niritlm iri.rnool lcErh w obtdr.d filrn crop ptd.d in 60-cn<br />

Ar.!d sirsl. mu,. (cill, 1995).<br />

2.r.L9 c.!.hrtti<br />

Inatu (1986)..tDn.d rh.r r-d c@ of wiri.. tl 62-4671 rd H 6tto52<br />

yi.ld.d 45-50 % gr.&r cdk ldgth !d noE vi.blc rcdB llE g|om !t . 0.75-<br />

n $|n ! r 1.5-D inla-|!* !prii8- Gin (195) ob6v.d dta pn plrlaiod<br />

si8nifi@dy inc&.scd cr|. ldtgth ovrr thll oflld tlrr .don. Soguc4 phnbd<br />

h pnr sp...d !. ICO 6 ii . di.goorl nr&D ge lh. Ninm om lagtlt. ott<br />

tlc c.nrr.ry. sisnifc.ar oinit|M c4lau t of 2.ll n w |@d.d in . @p<br />

pL €d in 6car .F cd ti!|tlc !ow. C.qr.' c|ll. l.d€ in tlr. crop SroM h Fl,<br />

*., dl. to .8r..ra nDD€ ofirrdloiLr c|l.' rd lotu.r itrt rltodd lsutlt<br />

th.tr th.l i! ftr phdilg Nuir ./ ar. (lgtE) ot6Ed ild . oDp ddd<br />

in 9G<br />

6 3pr..d dodnlrow eiF p.ldxrd id|lndy lorU.. ..c dD od.. pllIiig<br />

1r,r.r0 $ripr.4.r. yild<br />

Mod t€!cl! wrtd3 nron d . liE. in .q& in lripp.d c.|t yidd litlt !<br />

dda* in rov rpxing. By cont t, od., fotd.li6' dda* in i.ipr.d<br />

.e idd with d.qag in row 3p&in& . ftw ltdt td dut n now or wit! toe<br />

sp&in8 h.d rc inp|c m nrippd..e icld. RNn (lt7) in A!nr.li., foud<br />

th|r ce yidd. yF abr.d by DLdinS $g.tqF in 50o rp...d dolL<br />

re$, witt lEo o 3F.. baua 6!8. Codm .!d Ridd (199) i.<br />

rahie (USA) npdt d .n iu.... of 59.2 % .!d 37.6 % in ce ru.l $ta<br />

sgnc$c w phi.d b 9c!d EG@ wi& tuE!*lt a!9.dndy, 06<br />

@.Mtion l qop plsliig in 180

---

LouisiM (USA) rcpon d 0[t tlg|tce P|nt€d in tll. patt n of lE3 xl9 ctn<br />

produc€d dilDsircly hislq drippcd tu yidd hr' dtd ttE PLn<br />

d in 183 x<br />

38 or 83 * ?6 qn. Sh.m (1982) in lrldn r.?od.d 0[| Edodi@ nr ft !t -@<br />

speiha from 90 ro 60 m inc@sd lhc @. i.ld. P.-ar.t 'r (198t) fdnd<br />

Plaming at 60 to 90 d row db1lrc Educed sttipp.d.m ield fiom 105 lo 87<br />

t ha I. Sdtrtldiui! .r at 0988) ii Sprin E ort d d!! ar8lice groM ii p.ir.d<br />

rcB 6 mrc productirc ths th.r in tn. c.nvcnioid I cn sp...d singlc los<br />

Mddloi s/ ol (1989) ii hdir plet.d $srlte in 6G, ?Gor 9G@ sp!..d ros<br />

andrepo.Ld b6r luippcd-qllcyi.rd .r60dro*rpeing.Itoea.ra.t (1989)<br />

pr.d.d .e $gr.4 ojtiva h 45 o.60 d 9...d res in rrdn .rn fdid<br />

tl'at qop som h 45 m sp.c.d o* g.v6 $e hidFr c4 yidd. Sundrn r'd<br />

Subra'Mis (1989) in Indis E<br />

w $s&c@ i! 50. 70 or 90 f, spr.d @ .nd<br />

foqd hishc$ (* ridd .I r loe lpr.rog of 60 6. xM a d. O99o,<br />

inv6tig.tcd .ff.crs of hol.n rqrnqn, irt FN lp&irg (60, 90 .rl !20 @)<br />

and setr sizc (with 2, 3, 4 a 5 bud!) on can€ lnd !ug$ i.ld. TlEy rcport d rh.<br />

@jr!M yiddr "t e obLiE! tM lEd lralld a{sdd.d seds pldr.d in 90 d<br />

spred rcs. Ii Prlist tr Ndir (1990) ft?oded rh.l s8'lt@ wiay B.f.-162<br />

pldLd itr 9Gcn rprccd 90 x 90 cn pits in r di!8oMl fdhion gav€ dr. highBt<br />

tr. yidd (23s rhit *-N. lh.low.a o. yidd Ol3 r hd') I prcdoed bydE<br />

mp srcM ir 90dr +&cd ddbb@ c.ip. (0.1 @iig). sblf ,, a./.(ll't'O) in<br />

Pddst n ltudi.d fou m.rlsd! of ptorirg $8!@q viz.,(l) sirgle rew 60 cn<br />

spd..A e) Doble res 30/90 cD rr..€4 O) fipb rcs 3cV120 m sp&.d sd<br />

(a) qrdruplc los 3ctl5o d a..d. CDp pLnd ii 90s 30...d d@t&<br />

rows g.E lh. hiSlHr stripFd ce yi.ld. Ch.rlha 099D in P*idd @!rl.d tlur<br />

II

---

nuimb etripp.d.@e ield of 201 t ht' *a ohrined Aoo th. mp IroM in<br />

50 m spa.ld l0O x l0o cn pits |'d it wu rignifcrnly higlc rhd Es of ilr<br />

plerdion. h P!tb.4 Mohs ( l9r) r€pon d hsnc< 3ripp.d.dE yidd ( | 53 r<br />

ha'') &on $gartue in loo d !p&ed I oo x IOO cn piti in a disaoml f.shion d<br />

to*6t (68 12 t h.f5 n6 $. cop h ecsr 3pr..d doluerow $rips. tlDnps<br />

dd loit (1967) .onduded e cxpqinqd h lu.no Ri@ ad rcpond $.r hiShd<br />

cae ield could be ohaircd n wide sps.in8. B6id€s, high popularion of rhir\<br />

liSh n lks ar ih. clG.3c st&i'rg 8.8 r irfdior crcp to dll ohrincd .l ei&r<br />

3pr.ing Botq (1968) in his dp.riMt in South Afrie drowcd thlr rh€e w$.<br />

li'r yi€ld qFe 10 deroinS rce lF.int tom 2.l9 to 0.89 e TIE @<br />

i.ld itu@Fd @ 5.70 t ht' fo. ddy 30 m d.ctw in w widrh. Ar iI!!t&<br />

in rreld ws lsscie&d with highd popuhrion of rhiDd &d tigftq nalks.<br />

Brcdttad dd A.ltl€y (1969) lb.t sop6 $m in 9cud tzq@ 3p...d<br />

'olcd<br />

rcM ecrc oBidarbt nignB yi.lds of n lkr h!'rtd rh.t in lsc.rd I8O{n<br />

spr..d rcB. R.ujlfd 0969) in India oport d rhat a c.op with 12&6 rcw<br />

A..iig ndd.d si8'ifturly tislE tl& tltd eir.\ otnq lp&inS<br />

Fasihi er al 09?0) in prti3r& studicd i,rr@ppiig of sg|lq. *irh *.lEt.<br />

Tl'Gy oftludcd rha! aunm sSec.ne pt$rd dorc ar 9o-otr ipa.€d ros g.rc<br />

thc high6t ce yi.ld of83 r h._r. Ir ftIid.a Kdin (1973) @rctult€d lh.r,<br />

nong the v&iour ints,mw 8p&in& sugsorrc in 60{m ip!.cd rew! wi r<br />

ddblc sals ge rh. @itun (e yi{d h.'. MatlFa (l9R) ford d<br />

iDcJle of 15 to 20 I hdt h cft yidd by 'rdEi.g the nlodnd .ow sp&iig of<br />

| 80 m ro 90 or 105 o in Lo{i!i.D.<br />

t2

---

(UsA} Mrhci. (194) in Lo{id.E (Us,\) otdi.d !i8lt . c.E ri.ld b' tt r<br />

..oP| d! !di! 9G.rd IlGcn ry..d rcr!d{nltd io ll0'o! TU.d to*!.<br />

Eu! (1975) co'dudod $rl h B.itb.E ( !fdn) higk .e yidd! re<br />

ott in d efia Dld.d.! 3 i'na-w q'.dng of5o d.. Sha (t976) b P.lit .<br />

ifiicds|r.d tttc conp..div€ Fb tctc. ofhn vsi|| tu pldinS in rrgtt ic<br />

H.obnirdliSh.ostiddi!ldlpLdi4of 60x60n{ititsD.n Fhn<br />

ots dul of flrr phnriig. Rlhi d/ d. (1971i'r l||dir fol|d &.r Nimtn c||E<br />

yud w otd'i.d dlh I olg eitl & ii.6-'ow rFdtt of6o q!, tNltL r elp<br />

witl.3Gor rp&in8.na . rlb of IJO d t& tlE niniftun crE yidd. T.tg<br />

(19?D @"dt c.d 3 ..9riEr in Triwu .td t tBl.d thd e i,Eq' ofup to<br />

| !t d b..gg tlE m*| of oe clp diil io. Jbw J|y rldr.tiod h oB ,idd<br />

ht''. I\to.!dtq, l35o ros rD.dA i. mo|! 0odvqtbn ft( rdrirl<br />

orltivdior Sh|rlrr|'rdl|'| !n V.4to?.1 (19?9) nti4.d l||. t ril| or<br />

$tr!.e.rqqi!|.d, tl|! h.d bca @od*rd in dies! ltgitt ofhdir rt t<br />

€*hd.d rh. ft.lit|Fyu'n4 c4 | w rpcdu of 105 .rn wr! dE o?ddD<br />

wnib 50 crn lr.! dE oFimn tur los-iddi'g cata lrin r, dr.(le8o) '6/i.*i"s<br />

lgrch -.* on q8rn c rhNd lhd ddar.d .p d"8 t!$|Ld ii iEald<br />

crnc yid{i .{.drlt in taFn .,n rfiropic.l r.8id8 a \dl a in dr<br />

ropie Riod lttd C@lro (1980) in rrli.i.D (UsA) nroir.d dtd.larbly<br />

high6 @r ridd tur D€.|t@ pbn d .. 9cd l2Go !0...4 |o[ tlln V-<br />

tuno* d.tni"g. Mldildli d ltilgi (lrt2) in tndi.3Ld td sriplcddt<br />

yi.ld i..r!...d fotn 79 lo l l0 thr' *t o idr.{w r!d"t B iEE d nm<br />

15 ro 90 6. Y.!s.t.r. 09!2) fdrd i. T|ie|n th.I a.r pld.d i! dnrlc rd<br />

pdrld revs Fodlo.d 6D yi.X of 123 to l4.t ad 123 to | 55 t hr r, ft.pc.$^t.

---

The Nbr.qucnt htoon lcld.d 80 ro I l9 and 67 to I l0 t ht! of siripp.d{m in<br />

dle c{r. ofiinSl.-ro{ ard pdr.d-w plrn!n8, Gp..riv.ly. Dhobb &d Khltpc<br />

(1981) r.pon.

---

adEmlg!3 in geler yldd (by 15-20 7t E duc to adid c@rry clo$rq<br />

lowr h.6ici.t ud falilid.oct!, bdld flle. corualtion and Lls e$!io4 ac<br />

Cha (t %6), in T.i*iq pldl.d lugd@c |! dif.Mt row sp6.i.g of 1 2, | 0 dd<br />

0.8 m.rd ohri..d .wdgp ce yidds of 51,53 !d 64 t ht', F.pedi dv He<br />

rc@mmendcd a l-m spaciiS s the h.d for $srrc|nc Al4i.tiotr Il Bns $a1€d<br />

thlt c4 yid& obLi|rcd non t @p plrnt€d.t. *{i$of 15nE!<br />

pr&tically €qual 10 lhosc frcn a croP Pl&ted<br />

at t tur.ow sp&ins of I m P.ixoto<br />

./ ar (1988) fouDd tht Mow br* Plot! (mp in l{@ 4...d lrM) g&<br />

slghtly Itgh.r ieid conp.ed io eid. b$. plots (sop in 185 d sPred rcwsl<br />

Gill 0e95) @mrudcd rh!. dl th. glaning Ptfldt hd . signifcm .dft.t or<br />

cripp€d-canc y,€ld. SuSn@ in pn plsndon grw his!6 nripp.d.oF vicld<br />

$u oal plstrlion. Su8M. it pit! splcd il 100 cm i. a ditgond tuhjoi 8rre<br />

NiM lripp€d..e yifld &d *s folorvld by th. crop nr 5q 75 dd 100 d<br />

sp&ed pits, ID 6irrdr, the cop groM in 6Cm !p&.d !in8l. os produc.d<br />

tlE 6i.inM sippd..e yidd. Fulhdm.c, a qoP b 100@ tp!..d PiB h a<br />

diqon l faslion eiht 50, ?5 md loon sp..€d pits gtE | 18, 104, 83 dd 60 p.r<br />

6t highd .e i.ld @d tl|c @dsrtotd plt ing of $8r,@e in 6cd<br />

spaced singlc re*s. Thc ditrsc|c. in sldPPcd c4 idd u@8 vaiou Pl&tus<br />

palrcms ws {tribuled Io vdtbla nmbs ofni .bl. c.c p.r unil .M dld<br />

dif,.r@ in kigfn ca''.<br />

It

---

11.2 PI{YSIOL@Y<br />

2.r.2.1 laf .u i.d.t<br />

Factors.trating laf@ e M!D,.Jid ditrd gr6dy $rh wi.ry, pt&lirg<br />

.&q moistlr. $aibbiliry, f.ditt6 lppti€lio4 and inrdptad @rFilih<br />

Gi[ (1995) rcpon d rh.t dog wiou plrtrrine pittans, pii ptailrrih gire<br />

sisnili@tly $.$e! lof aq index (LAl) rhan flar ptsilrion. Holrlq, 60 cs<br />

sps..d ingl€ rcB 8.8lh. mjrinm LAl. Thc wi.bt. LAI in ditr6!,r plr.riig<br />

palt ru 6 eib.d ro wi.bl. pt nr poF&rion h,. lfrie dd Bada 09SO)<br />

ed Mdi &d Shgh 0988 b) nrEd &.r bo6 .pr.il3 &d {ri.ty mi,!y.fcd.d<br />

2.r.2.2 Iaf dr drnriotr<br />

taf .@ dldio (LAD) dgni6{tt difald .,Ms wi@! prrdins lrldls<br />

Ail pit-phdcd p.tdru $re torgq LAD d,D [rl plorrt4 pir6 sp&d at tco<br />

cm in 6 diagoi.l t shion gtr nsi@m LAD, By.drlc.d, 6Cm !p&!d !i.gL<br />

ows grE rh. minin@ LAD dd did nor srrrisically ditrer fiom 9c€h spac.d<br />

ddblcrcy srlip! pL! iry synd rh. |a$n for ditraqE in LAD !rD.a rtp<br />

voios phdjrg padmr % 6c dif.@cc in LAr..nid€d h dif€.e{ pt rnins<br />

pa11c6s (Iryi.. er r/., 1980, Mrti dd singL | 983 b, and ci!, 1995).<br />

1r,2J Cnp ltwit nr.<br />

Mrii lrd Sinsh (1988 b) ud Gn (t995) Fpon.d d[l wid, pldinS pdarB<br />

had a !i$i6@r.f€.1on mp gro*r|i d. (CGR} Att rh. pjr,b,tr d t GeF[3<br />

8rre sisnifiddy highd CCR the rh'r of[n ptDri,g. A,no,a pit ptDbrio.lr<br />

CGR of .ll pax€ru dille..d fion om.roihq Sjsni6@r @imm CCR of 5.03

---

nr d r Bts ftuid i! l00d !Fc.d d pns in t di4pr.l nlhd E&h d.d.&<br />

i. int.r-pit sp&ing rdh.d in a8nifrot dccr.r$ i! CG& On thc @ntr&v. bolh<br />

!.r pl!.ling p.tctu did ml sigtincdly ditrq 6on {.h othq HoM, tlte<br />

minihun CGR of24? m'': dr vs obl,ned in 60 h s9..!d sgL rd 0t<br />

pland.8. Re&m for v&iabilily in CGR wcre v&iable tlalk poPllation P€r unit<br />

@ ir di6asn ralndr5r .{frtiot 'tiliztiotr of dl i.F . .9plkd dir..dy i.to<br />

pirs !s comp&ed to f.l plafting md rcLdv€ly b.t!q nicro climte in n.rtuwlv<br />

t-l.t.,l N.t lriDilrt'btr n&<br />

Pl&rin8 psn@r hd r si8niiout Gff€

---

i.@s.d pol, bfi ed punty ofjuie. Sinsh Dd sin€i (198a) i! Indit Fpottld<br />

thar c4 gr(M in 90-si 3p..ql ro* hld dightt hisjF s'l.l@ @.tat ad<br />

.eilabL $Ar rnD ca grcM an los 60 @ +!ed. Mali ard Singn (1985)<br />

pldted cigh .uld@ ar row lplni!' of 60, 90 o 120 o ald fold rfc<br />

c!fficid crlc $gir p.oducrion wr! signifc.trtly hghd !r 90 m ( lo 4 t h.i)<br />

dd 120 .d 00.5 i h.'! ) lhe r 60 cm (8.7 r Iu '). GiI (195) @rcruded th.r<br />

pit planbtion g.v€ sigiifiHily nor. ilgn hd' rl'd thr. of0at pla|ttrioi. Amng<br />

pit pl! .tioq IOO{n lpud pns in a di.gpn l f.drcn and 5G@ A..cd pic<br />

give $arisncdt equd ru8& yicldr of 20 9 sd 20.3 r ha_' hot it M rigninoidy<br />

norc th6 th. miring pn phnrS p!flms Ditrdfte ir tolll $gu M<br />

aslcd to wirbl. sripp.d c4 yicld !d CCS (C@irl Ce Suge)<br />

obt i4d ir wiN pLlting pd!s. Urg.l .r 4, (1966) fdrd dDr 6E .nd<br />

slgd icld! of d. rn ay Co.a2l tbi.il<br />

firtw spa(i.s of I n.. Dlni .t ar (1989) i! I!di! d dE! oFiM sgt<br />

't?ort<br />

in art D@DDq re rt hi8n s .a I<br />

yidd M obai@l.l u intd{ow !!&ing of 80 m a @rDn€d *ih @.rd l@<br />

2,t,4<br />

4l.t.l<br />

ECONOMTCS<br />

llddng pattar nd | .ignidcrrll .f..r d n.r in@. h!'. Pir pl.r iion pattdrs<br />

earc sierifcrrdy noE Ft incomc oDr tu phdng. Abong pirs f.sltgll, 5G<br />

@ spa.cd pits ge NinM n r ilf.ft. By odn4 60@ +r..d d.81. os<br />

@rte

---

NUTRIXNT IIIrI]IAGEMDNT<br />

lcf,oNoMY<br />

C.miillior in $sed. ir epP'Bs€d by high€r dd of besat rtr%gr<br />

applicldon (Y.d&, l98l). Spod of g@iBrion GEminlton r.r. in tex) i, ds<br />

cduccd d@ rc hishd lercli of nirrc8d. Iliir is prcbrbly d!. ro hi!t6<br />

coiccrLllion orte .mrbni. podc.d by hldtuiyds of u6 i, dE eil |E dr<br />

Smjmdng bud! ard rooG (v.m ./ az 1985) . on rh. enrn y, Nis ?, 4t,<br />

(1993) in lalite cpon.d thft imM*d Grtilitrlio. iigni6.orty irds!.d<br />

scmndton p@rage Mntin ., al (1989) studi.d ef€crs of rpplicrion or : (i)<br />

60 t h. ' fltaqk€ incoryolrt d ii tl. so4 (n) 60 r ha' +pl.d in nmw, Gi) 2a<br />

r hrr ir dE ftmw, cv) 60 t hr'' .oqing r!. sds dd (O a I hr-' @ios ll.<br />

s.ft or $rgrce gmin rion. Rahs 3toeld l|| l ir havy c.ftqEr. od @n_<br />

cador.tc soils, ne{@nt (v) g|v. $. hiehsr gmi'rtiotr.!r., wh.rd i! a r.d<br />

f.fnllitic sil lhjs B gj6 by (iv). How€r, it. high€r spplicd'oi 6te h<br />

r@mdded for.I tn@ ltt6 of eit b@ue of th. gald homsdaty rh{<br />

@ b. r.hierd. Th. gmindion r.rc B Ul4% grar.{ rlft rtEr o0ojEd by<br />

spplyirS only NPK. D. ur.l ul (1990) rcpod.d lhc ptlenclt ofndr 6t r_<br />

c.t @ 25 t ht' in rh€ boron of rhe tunow qusd a eignificmr ie i! eil<br />

tenp@tle. Arplidrio' of 50 r hd' Ash flr€r-cl*. hd . gqrd €trecl on<br />

'n@ing $il tdbpd.turc rnd ift65.d rhe rur6a of g6iol.d bo.is 6y<br />

6npui$n vith lte urEad @r6t.<br />

l9

---

Th. d'tat ofclongrim of lld is ond 68id.r.d to bc rrevib of sg.lq'. rt<br />

i! rtu. bqle th. @ rtd do6 rct dnibil th. phclDl|lfur of @i&y<br />

lhjckding. n!.rcforc rh. inc|u& in irs koSfr ir morc or lcs proportidd io ts<br />

'IE'?& ir rtbm (Irilloijc 1952). Appliqdo. of drDsa bft|c6 oe<br />

heisht farcrully. Y.dav ud ftud (1e86) found rhat cs l€igdr inoq!.d wirr<br />

iidcsilg lerd. of nitrogo. WIB o.gaic mG [l@ 6tlq{t , .ftor!.d r|$<br />

3!d ne stru we u5c4 ld$h rcdu@d iijti.lt b..lus of ni,oga !d@<br />

imrEbilialion. Shr@ .nd Oqpl| (1991) in Indi. r.tort d rh.r h.igtr of,ld<br />

uet sd wirh irda& ofidig.lon .!d nirrcgat tcv*.<br />

2,2.t3<br />

Y.d!v .d shrm oe80) r?orr.d $r .F'nnrd@ of DM nr &s!t&<br />

in@5€4 wilh imrssi.s N lalr up to lro kg hi t. Applicnion of 259 tg N ha '<br />

d pl.rning @!€ low prodl(ri.n ofDM tt$ 75 8d t50 kg N n r. sheu.!d<br />

Gopt. (1991) 6nduc1€d.n crpcimr d s|lgarcanc for iw qop elons !m<br />

r.poncd !h!t N upkl. by @. .rd DM @nuhrion rce *irh i|:.J4ing Lv.l of<br />

iEiglotr td (1991) f@nd Xt8 $8'rerc DM B Irel. eta a higts 6l. of<br />

nilroaen ws appli€d (22s l(g N d agdnlr 175 kg N ed I sO ks N ha-')<br />

20

---

2.2.r.4 r hdlt<br />

Nnrcgo is lhc no51 iftpotunr rutricnt irf@ming thc i.itinioi! dcstoondn .6d<br />

hdrtc|r|k of till6 in $g,Jte. U$dty with iida$d nirrcgd ..rq rhd! is<br />

d irc..& ir rillsirg up ro r timir b.ydtd etriclt rlE Gpore is ,!ot ig fied<br />

(Vmt4 1954). A! Fo&i. tt|lndir ij dE hi8tElr drinS &. tildiig phrr.,<br />

dLogs +pliotion hdp, in ir. Ntrogo c@rd in te.frie.s t ! b.€d rd.r.d !o<br />

th. nurtd of rilqs produced (Si!gh., t9?O !d 6. oop idd<br />

(L.tshniksrh.n er 4r., 1960). Oprimun cotreft.lrion of N (2%) h tqf{is&<br />

ror hielq dned.g could b. Drjftin d b, ,ptir ,pdicadon of N HoP€w,<br />

Sriva{.v! &d KU@ 0984) r.pon d rtd sptir .ppt lrron or N in ra5.d<br />

Mbq of il@te c$6 at h^rd @bp..Gd to dlSle Aptcaio! of I5O fg N<br />

h! '. Splir rpplicrron ofN .to inqa!.d ilDt cp..by orphid! b( dlki!,8 ritl!<br />

a @ncohibt dde!& i. iill6 norrrliry. In tlE rbsa|cc of phospnoru! ad<br />

potrsrium {nglr ritt- prodqdion i3 c$y .nd fr5ta in intud sr.ga but riU.B ec<br />

weak. soft ofrhc 'ni.ronurri.nts li*c copFr, boro4 nanganes. aid m haw<br />

D4' ookrrd ro impres iniri.l ritkring.<br />

,.y.!61 aDd sot|fu (l9t) .@ncd {Dr UgtE dc of dros6 (225 l(8 b..<br />

6np&cd ro t?t &g N h. ) nrcrcd dlailg hr' .t$ d6 noi.tiy llsascd<br />

nonality i! afribut€d 1o fi. codrplririon ton rb. g..nd nunbd of titsN<br />

(Sitg\ t 974. Appti@dor orphosph.& on soik defcidr i, ,l!s nutidr ircre!.d<br />

.illaing in tugrce, @i[dij,r 1952). Ctcodri (t96a) rrs ob@.d !n,tr<br />

phoryl@! d.6ciaq i. 'ssi|ted rh t&t of riu6i.g. Zirc.rrti..don alxo<br />

@re.s€d grc*rl !d dttdir8 ir egro|. Sli!!n.r ., at (19s6) raodcd rhal<br />

2l

---

pLnIl in.itro8.6 @lt& olo.glard! @lvlct @tr'd ncdiu) Dft riSo!$<br />

&d produc€d 3.6 tilcB ps plet ihlr rh. plels growing ir iinoS.n d'Scictn<br />

EotgLd's nEdi@ plodued I rilr p.r pl&l<br />

2-2,1.5 Mi|l.!.Lo!6<br />

Nsu er zl (1994), in P.lisL4 rcponcd t6! bio-conlosr at 20 ( hat + U6 (N)<br />

.t 100 kg hc' prcducld ih. Mimh ilhbq of hitl'bl. ..s (r0.5 o1<br />

Ns .t a./. (193tr wtj's io Sonali4 cportcd rhll incqj.d faiitizrtion<br />

sis.ifordy imE$d iunbd ofnil.bl. or€. h ltrdi4 cr&ia ./ ar. (1969)<br />

rcton d $t pl@gtirg to. d.9th of ,O d 8e ! Sand Mbd of ni[.bt<br />

ces h. I tho dElow cuttivldon (lo n).<br />

2.2"1.6 Nunb.r of inatmodB Dq q&<br />

sh,@ (1982) r.p.n d lh.r ildr€ of in6Ed.. c&-r irEgr.d *irh o<br />

iDd..!. b $. lcltl of .inog.d.pplic.doq .!d eirr tuttw phrnirg lrccc.d.d<br />

by eanhjng{p r! rhc atn of fi. med.! @npdld ro th phrniig wirh d<br />

wittout .ddtirg-up. Shlre ed Cupta (lql) studi.d rh. .f.d of ninogd<br />

lcv€b ud rdl|ods of ptrnrinS oi $Srrcarlc Md ,cpod.d rhal runbd of<br />

int.!Ed6.4' ie.5.d eirh in.en$ nirosa tad f,m rm to mo rg lllr<br />

2,2.1.7 Cu.lirtt<br />

Bldne 3rd Bhsirlh ( 198?) @duded t6r! in trdorcsia on +pucrjor ofiltcr<br />

orc $ r tu@ for phrn Ito*ri. Fitdak did mt .tr .t nrl( di.na.t, hn n<br />

ie@&d pL lEigh! odq ofnod.s 8d mi!.rbte on s nilr!, ar 4r. (199D.<br />

Eponed thar ircrcrsed &nili,.lion diti ,ot inra& @. gifih.<br />

22

---

2l.l.l Stripp.d-oncridd<br />

sh.fu.d Gup6 (1990) .eponed hish€$ .@ i.ld or I 12 I hr, wirh .ilEs6<br />

appli.jioo @ 200 kg hrl Ri@d dd Ar@nu (r9B?) claih.d rhat it yidd<br />

crop ircre|cd with nihoad doie and NPK Lairnsns oE ro f€rlilier ctt.ct<br />

fh.y ale found th potBiun plry! u impon4t rct.i, ptel m.t totis $.h<br />

6 p.oreir ry heis, lrar.h fom io( E&r bat.M Dd ttu3pi6tio.. mitns.l<br />

.r. ( l99l ), in Patin&! rcporrd rlDt iripp.d{c i.ld ircEsd pilh lppticrioi<br />

of N lignifiertly ow 0r. @nrol. NpK @ 2@tOGjO kg hr.' 9* @i'M<br />

nriprrda yi.ld $e cotirot. Nsir ., at (t994), h patidla .ppticd hc<br />

omposr @ 50 I hr'r + 5G25-25 rg NII( hrj, bioshgos @ 25 I hrr + toc<br />

50'50 tg NPK or bio@pos! done @ 50 t hr.' , on $g.r!@ sd .@ned r 3 r,<br />

19 &d r4% i|r.i!e ir yidd resD.dirdy (F @nt.ot Iaf ,isc &.tyti3<br />

shorcd thar K onrdrs ws rhe hiene$ h th. crop E€inn8 hEh ldcl of bie<br />

@dpost which irdi€bd $. eitabiliry of K b tn. &4!qe ph,r. TIE tigh.d<br />

cs. yi€ld was obi.rin€d whs. jO r h.rbjoempolr + 5c2t2j k8 NPK B<br />

usd aio{onp$r atso incrqsd rhc e6.hncy of ino,A&ic Gnitia. u* by<br />

improving rhe phFio-clEmic.l propenics of soil. Kun@a,ny ax! Rljasekard<br />

(1992) in lndi., nadi.d ptdr c$c..d lst 6r@n Bporucc to .ppr€tao. of N<br />

@ 210, 280, 350 dd 420 kg ha' rd l

---

miJduc) sisn[.r, ly i!@s.d idd Bsdds./al (1939) ltptid N, p ud r( @<br />

: q 80, 200, 320 |nd {{0 tg h. I N; :O, lOO. t@ ad 2OO t(g ha , p s pO,; ad<br />

0, t0O, 250, (,0 rd joo b ha'' K !, K,o. C$e idd iroq!.d lirF.rtv ii<br />

cFon& ro N .rd ( .pptc.ri@ h.d B mr ,ftced j8,rfiFdt by p<br />

.ppltrtid. ,la e, 41. (lg2) r€porr.d dtr iryotuE of wi@, iqrr! ir<br />

''c!tes ce icld wll in orda of f.nitia > inisarioi > rcd con ot > pL<br />

Forecri@ > g.tl4 Brrc > anhina up. Nd. .r aI (1992) foD

---

DDr'rs,aI. (1986) lppl.d 6lra- cat @ L5k8ps 100-n tue row (equivdcd<br />

to eo ts h._! 19 to $s&@e &d rcpod.d u itEiq$ in c4 i.ld up lo 66.E r<br />

ha | @npltd to 4S.O r h. ' *irhour ranm.nr . 52.6 t hri wtEn dF ft<br />

ll|lfur of N a ua y$ applid. A bLnd of fltq-c.t. + U@ 6ixor a.rc tlE<br />

ndl b€s1resull of66 r c@ ha' D@br (1986I in rdrida4 snjdicd p[Fi@<br />

chemjcd prcpcni.s of sil in rcsponsc to filrr{rl(. appti@don. Fitlaqke<br />

ii.r.ed Mt.Ghotding cap&iry of sil Dd rcduc€d $it ompacrio, Filr.rqte<br />

.ls pdid.d N, P, C., Mg, MI {d Z. nd inc.!.scd oil pH ( pH 5.9 in o* riri<br />

ncttid.d by onpeiion siah !H 4.7 for sdy-lod $it *indn 6tl.f

---

nit&s@ u O) oA np.( Fada (2) ur.. +<br />

'Fr qLc (3) u!. + a.aD d iid<br />

(4) P'i[d ur.l rlcrili,r v|| rppud |! (r) lop dsdng od $. rrnc ibq e.<br />

row o. (b) pla.d lGl5 cn dM h hok |! dF root bi. do68 rbc '!s. N<br />

upukc (kg h!') lt|d uriliznion .trcialdy wrft dlt mii€d for trb cop..<br />

|dlrctd upd

---

1"2: PEYSIOT.OGY<br />

,.2er laf.B i!d.r<br />

Y.dav (1981) , in India. Fpon.d th.t gta lqt E is diEtly FoFrdoirl lo<br />

ibe ahou of f.niliz.'r (lmiouhtt rjLoSd) lpplicd lo lhe $g!.cll.crop.<br />

Nitrcgm in r€ls dlld prodetion, lillq dcnsity 4d lofNnbs, viea-!tu tAI.<br />

It tunhd sid thal LAI of e8Ece iecr!.d uth ircrdirA la€ls ofN up to<br />

150 kg ha-'. Ttu supqiodty of l50 kg N ha r dld be obsded al atl th€ 3i.€ei of<br />

mp 9.6*1n €x@pt a.miMtion. lngrm &d Hilrot (1936).ptlEd 1@ lewlt of<br />

N-K farilzrioq 5?5-55 | ud 225-2 | ? k8 h. '. LAl w rbout 100,6 grala in tlE<br />

575,551 rh6 in 225-21? lq N-K h!' 1.arM8. Ld (1991) rcpond rhar c8<br />

LAI ws gr€ar.r *n n higher doe. of 225 18 niirosl:l ha' E .pplj.d s<br />

agrjnn l?5 .d l5O tg hr.<br />

2"t.2"2 Ial.ta d.rnio.<br />

Coh- ed Alfu (1985) cd@liiLd L D &oD no,t r lHellqMts Em<br />

s€ptaDs (t!. b€imins ofsrcw0 crdo) to lit r.h. LAD a gda.lly high.d<br />

ii K-&nilial pllts CofthioB b.t*H pldt &€lopnqn ad .lin te<br />

(1enpe!tur€ .nd ninf.l) wrc norc li8'|ifc'it in K-f€niliu€d pldls thd in phitt<br />

,.t.3 Nct utlnlLlio! nl.<br />

CoL& md Al1B (1985) cal@ldcd CGR |nd NAR of d. Ja. 6G5 fqdliad with<br />

20o kg N ht'. CGR.rd NAR d.,ra!.d.,!. ri-il,r r.r in.[ pkdr odgndtt<br />

rh€ 6rs 5.4 mdht rr|d .o'tiiucd ddaiig in pl2rls re..iving @ k hd<br />

ir@$d duins 0E rBt iMlh ii K-fadliad p&it!.<br />

21

---

2.2.I QUALITY<br />

t.2.3.1 Sug.r yi.ld<br />

C.pdo &d Criro (1989) apon.d $.l rppli€lid of flta€t @ 50, 100 ad<br />

150 t ia' signif@tt inprcrd @c qurlity c@ in a proldg.d spdl otdry<br />

*qll|.. Shd@ rrd C4pL (1990) Epqr.d $d qrDey of e.griolblld Fo.frl.l<br />

ii !s inportad s it! q@riry. Sugr@q b€ng r juie .rop har r sp€id<br />

imporlarcc in Muf.durins th. ssr which is d ullinarc Foduct ol rn<br />

suSudg No doubl th. qu.lity cofrp@nlr of k &e rroM 10 bc mir,<br />

wict l ct&t 1@. Bul rhe.! @ ,is .f..r.d by wids agononio pF.ti@ fo.<br />

c14plc inigatioa *tti.h .fcdi th. qurlity of c@ juica SioiLrt 0r nhr%st<br />

+pli..tior .le golqa tlE juie quditt of @ Th. Mc contad of iuioc<br />

t6&d 10 impoE *irh inc.adig lctd3 ofinis.rioa etEa & ldt!* tcd in<br />

rh. $fte cofton w$ @odcd whcr .itrcso d@ B iFa!.d b.}ud it<br />

optnun limit. Kondor&r anl Manins (1992) $udied lh. efecr or nitrcscq<br />

phorphoru! poEsi@ dd vin|!!. (rdhg. wnd) or $glrcrE qu.liry. Nitrogd<br />

f.niljzrior .educed {t eeoe co.tan i! tlF s.Lt! s t @ntcquslcc of<br />

qBiw *gddiE sro9nh. Addnion of p[o6pta. ftdittd b rh. &il did Ft<br />

!trd (e pol @.aq|! puity or rldqin8 $gs i! tlE joie tlr in od|c c.g<br />

iMa!.d rhe nDrgDic pho3phlr. @ sn. Add.d potsiu fcdita, in Ssr.|rl<br />

did not atrdt€d Pol p@nr.A. of o. jlice bft alw.ys n!&d ir! .!h @nrmi.<br />

Vina6 appli€d to th€ sil produed hig[ drgr yid& ed high{ @nonrniois<br />

of 6h rd K in th€ juie. TDrMi ( 1979), in Esp! dard rhrt hish $8& i.ld of<br />

2A

---

$sats w obt.ilcd by Dnns 500 E (O rdd!r'. r$D,|4ery lttd<br />

&ir.*r|n (19,9) ddid phn .|edd ln raod |! t6cs to N rp?li.d @l<br />

2lq 2Eq 350 .d 420 ka hr I &d K.o @ q 55, I Iq 165 .d 220 lg hr . S{r<br />

yi.ld of tlrc plln qop w.| higholr r 2Eo tg h.! N, bur lugn c.n&rr tllsi6<br />

i@i.g N doog.. B.aid.r r, aL (1989) Tdid<br />

N, P.!d K : &,u dtm<br />

|g h.n N; 40, 100, 160 18 htr P B PP'; dd r0o, 25q dd 500 ta hrr x $<br />

K,o. lun yicld! i&q!d litE ir 6poe to N rd K lpplielid hn rr!.!<br />

ml ligiifcrndy rftlld by P rpplicrid.<br />

29

---

2.2.{ ECONOMTCS<br />

2,2.41 N.tf.n i!@r.<br />

shlrid rd Nst (r9r) .pplicd bio{Epolt @ 20 t hd' + u@ (}0 @ 1@ tc<br />

hrr, biHnposldm @20rhi' .rd ure .todc Oq @ lOOtShir- lrio.<br />

@dpo$ @ 20 I hd' + Uu O) @<br />

100 kg hs' grv. high.s rd fam i'Edft<br />

(NFI) of Rs.22.343 ha' &d * follo*td by thel i. bic@nto$ d* @ 20 r<br />

ha|&dura alom (|0 @ ICD k8 hdr with NII of Rs.t8,zt(lo and 14,291 har,<br />

l1E &orc di* . qq.93 tur .lrlNgD reh t6dcl wrt [.! ba

---

d.i.do, drd.?.d .6. tliElv d.|tbtuq Fd..fa.4 b h,!<br />

!iov! th. DoLdid to .!hI. {|g.t!o. fditditfty. Plt t||dxr G<br />

b.e.d ryac.do .f irr tfi. -lC !td(. '!ea b*<br />

..q.di. ft. Eo d r*o -tdnd tdar It rd|!, ft !E<br />

dtdy Fr ddsld ro &v.Lp mr! rd.u. nd.|ldo tlgnd{ 6. inet !t<br />

pLtrhg pd.':rd |ni.- nrgnt ddirD'll,iloard]|!c.<br />

tl

---

CHAPTER 3<br />

MATERIALS <strong>AND</strong> METHODS<br />

ftc Fqo.cd {dy E dkl ort d t Agtffii. Rad A't., WBi $ryr<br />

R.Edr Idra Jtag. I&r lr..!(Pqidscodr6.d brr!@.ltiE l99.qi<br />

.d EpaLd itrlr rerdof l9Ct4a. bqiiidl daMxl?!||fllol/l<br />

Pr - 5G@ spac.d 100 X t{D m pilt.<br />

P1- 9se! 3pa.d dd$L tsw eip. (3080 o)<br />

Pr = {od 4...d i€L(gsl| (Cd!,!dinl)<br />

Pldi! !dd. ! d.si.d .ho\tr i dicrd b Ib 3.1<br />

No = cotrrol(o@)<br />

N, - Bio{drpolt@ 20t hr_'<br />

N:- N-P-K @ l5clocloo b hr'r<br />

N' - Bio{o4od@ lorlt " { N-P-( @ 7t505lt tgls'

---

P, O.||tdl<br />

! It a<br />

I<br />

!<br />

8<br />

P, O.nro.d$<br />

5<br />

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fd.llSbltbderr*ri!tb

---

3l E4..iaetrt Iryout<br />

Es..'er s ldd dn l@dins to. +lit-plot daiSr *in euEdi0d6 dd a dot @. of<br />

6 X 18 n. PLr ing Fnqnt *.fc lcPl ii ft. mitr $tnb tutition Lvds rqe dddnial iI<br />

3.2 Prccedure for Bicconpoct Pr€parrlion<br />

Bioemposl s ptodlc.d 6'om 6|!tr{lc trd stltgp in th. &)m of sldry Aft6 aEltic<br />

ftrnendion biFrnpcl w cdFld lo otguic nEit€r, a ticl g@ oflljec and<br />

ni@ 'i.r1id!tl. Chotrl lqds of bio@podr i! snE i. Tltle 3. I<br />

T.Uc3.l BIDooF.I u.ltti b.foa |'di{io<br />

t9rr93 199!94<br />

PII<br />

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K<br />

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5.90<br />

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395<br />

660<br />

s.93<br />

0_15<br />

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160@<br />

136<br />

545<br />

405<br />

674<br />

33 Physico-chemlcrlAnsvlilofDrp€rindrt lknd<br />

llryli@clmncd d.lysh of ilE ap.riMt i bd flr PE EC, \ P 5td K b.ftre siis<br />

and anq hrw61 ofrhc oftp, h p|ett d in TabL 3.2 ad 3 3, cp€aildv.

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199243<br />

Tratdan6.<br />

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trNr<br />

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P,N<br />

ItB94<br />

rr |!<br />

Pr Nr<br />

Pr r't<br />

PtNt<br />

Pr}{<br />

PrNr<br />

Ir Nt<br />

hN'<br />

Sod ar$ bafut !oc,l8 th. clop<br />

DC<br />

dEb<br />

L95<br />

L9l<br />

2.94<br />

2.95<br />

2.94<br />

2,01<br />

2.91<br />

L9Z<br />

295<br />

295<br />

L75<br />

275<br />

L74<br />

L76<br />

2.15<br />

2.74<br />

2,74<br />

2.15<br />

2.75<br />

2.15<br />

2.75<br />

2.71<br />

8.:t4<br />

&!5<br />

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431<br />

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E.35<br />

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427<br />

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a.a<br />

a.n<br />

a.x<br />

a,b<br />

E.25<br />

NPKOM<br />

(%) -{nd- (t)<br />

o.@7 6.25 120 055<br />

og]jt 6.u rr9 0.55<br />

0.@t 65 ll! 0.54<br />

0.(m 625 l2l 0.t5<br />

o.(p.E 65 l2l 056<br />

o.vt 5.a rl9 0.54<br />

q@ 6a la o.55<br />

0.@t 6u l2l 0.55<br />

oqr, 626 ll9 0.55<br />

o@l 6E lzt O-v<br />

o-qt 6.u l2l o.v<br />

o@t 5.8 rm 0.55<br />

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630 125 066<br />

630 124 06t<br />

6.lt r21 0.o<br />

6.N rU 0.67<br />

6J2 125 0.6E<br />

6Jl l2J 0.61<br />

632 tE 0.6l<br />

69 r24 056l<br />

58 tU OS7<br />

6.!1 126 0.5!<br />

5J2 r27 0.68<br />

6.30 lz 0.65

---

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PrN<br />

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Pr l{:<br />

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PI N'<br />

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So alriEb aftr tr doD Lnt c<br />

DC dl<br />

3.EO<br />

za<br />

t57<br />

2,5E<br />

3.81<br />

265<br />

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2.65<br />

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425<br />

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255 7.n<br />

3_57 &16<br />

L63 7.91<br />

3.7t E.t I<br />

L9 7.71<br />

3.57 l-ls<br />

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3.57 &15<br />

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0.019 J.35 ll0 0!9<br />

o.w 524 r33 0.51<br />

0.@2 5.6/1 125 0€<br />

0.02, 616 l2E 0.55<br />

0.019 5.16 ll0 0.39<br />

o-@, 6u t32 0.51<br />

t25 0.13<br />

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0.019 5.35 t(D o3E<br />

o.@ 6.u 132 0.$<br />

o@t 5.9 121 ga<br />

0.@ 6t5 r2l 0.55<br />

0@5 5./o ll5 o/l9<br />

0.035 5J0 l.o 0.69<br />

gw 5.72 \9 o.tl<br />

0.0t4 621 130 068<br />

0.gA 5!ll ll5 0.47<br />

o,@5 6Jl lat 0,6e<br />

o,@! J.tl llt 0'56<br />

0.0t4 621 130 06?<br />

0.027 5.:10 ll5 Oa5<br />

0.(B5 dll l/o o.d,<br />

0.ot9 5,70 ll8 0,5?<br />

0034 619 l3o 0.67

---

3.4 Pl|rt Adys r for NPK lhroiidior<br />

Pl.ln Dlyd5 fo. \ P atrd K @Eitrbt s @dtd.d d Pltviologi.l tdtnv c'tlE<br />

c'op. TIE Foc.dc used for pb4i$l'glrot dullan orall dolclEiit'.d sl td *d<br />

p.EriErdesi$ir'rer{itM@ndJd loil. Pta oldv4tef'(A'ollrm4 1964}<br />

3.5 Agmmmy/ Oplratiotrs of Experim€tt l lnd.<br />

TL @drFd.d dbrF pra.ri.6 E u!.d 6r d* @tqiiotd .,td dddc Iw crb<br />

d.r!rii8 ncnod, In Ft plan.|id! dlr v4 48.I zo iLg. io ! d.9dt of '15 6 ad tl5<br />

ftdlLd sU !h. s@ $ilto tt lad ol!5 6. FG iEisdin Arpo.., rit!<br />

nt adr lw i6<br />

oMcded qitt @ tuihd by r rI chMd lii. bsit tvdd of irigalid Wata ltd<br />

tutilizd *@ a9plid @ly h pit!<br />

A Fmiilg $grrt.E wi.iy SAlGJrl s &n d u,tda died @ilg<br />

t 116!dn .iqt l6dt S!g!t6E t !t s@ dt6i..d fun tlE slP of s&.8e s! i.<br />

a6ddof doirlrfsdlityrd!.TIElEdsri.d@88,888t"cbiidcd @tei' Fadbu<br />

w qdl2ldirdttotttpb idt@lofuinlvvU' srle. eil @t th. atde N@<br />

@ w.Lm. in lntde @.r.l.lNblon t'it Platdon @ld,lqtdizq I apdii in<br />

tlE lom ofoEa itBtc a4d pholdd. ttd sele ofPohsh Otorhrd ofN dd d oaP, K<br />

ard Uodrpod w.pdicd !r 0E tie of sns (ld turiiSrr of S.Fdt$d) Ts dn3<br />

.prlic|ti@qd,dpti.s lBdofN *!!ndeiiF6n ryDd April<br />

^lleop.B€!<br />

ho.d nm.[y 45 !d l5o dlF lnd siig. n* cop pbx.d d 0., viz : in rtgl. lIM ad<br />

d@blc w driD6 B @thd up 6 l0 rrtay l99l ed 194, rc .lthitg up E &ft h pit<br />

D|!iti@ O@!,t dbpno.i€d7200.d 6400 m idg|lioo *!a d fd ad i. pn!<br />

csp.qivdy- 8a{d.s, aop @ivd 710 ud 985 m ofninill dri|g tsL9l d t9Al'94<br />

r6r.diw'. ItE c@ B h.&3.d tl i!ftI Pb^tu&,gi.l tnatunty.<br />

t7

---

L ltra(Lrrtrv.la...La'<br />

ra.r ^t*<br />

!.61.r Gcliair(fc.qr.)<br />

!.61.1 lbt*f (n)<br />

3.613 St o.nyrtb6rl<br />

3.5.1.,1 l{drdfl.r ui'' r.<br />

!.6.15 Nrd..afl. c-utai E<br />

3.61.6 fr.ti|n(co)<br />

t.6lj \rd.r dirfro.t co{<br />

3.6.1.8 h..!odi h[ (6)<br />

3nl9 tu hs6(!)<br />

3.6.1.10 Wdgh -itpd.e' (k)<br />

l.6.l.u rhAi'*,[(.b)<br />

3,6.r.12 T6Frqdn ( i.{)<br />

t6.l.l! (biFda. rNd(th)<br />

3.6.1.|a $bFd.6l. yi.ld (r lr')

---

.'6,2 htd.atLd<br />

3.6.2.1 Laf|!..itxLx<br />

3.622 L.dl!.&rdin(&yr)<br />

362l Cilp tw6.i. G Dn dryi)<br />

1.624 Na |,dnir&n rr. (s n'&y'')<br />

. 3.6.25 tl4!!riiidq<br />

1.6'2'6 ltyid.gt hlE dde'cy (lt E )<br />

!.a.3 (h|lbdve /<br />

3.63.1 St€r|Wy(pdgt g.)<br />

3.5.3.2 swuidd(tL)<br />

!.aa laal. r..lr*<br />

l.6rl Nd bctd(Illo1<br />

3.6.4.2 Dooin!|c rEly,*G!lu')<br />

r.6-43 Mr.gb.lfl.dran<br />

3l

---

? tt!..d!E fq n6ordhc tt L dlldnidlrr tddtd.<br />

Prccdn6 .d.pLd for noo.diag vr'iB ohlln li(s @ agffiic' pttidogi4<br />

qurlirdi* aid @mnic plE udq $ tdl3 du dulvi! {e gt@ bdN:<br />

3.7.r AgM@ic D.ar:<br />

3.zr.r G.niddon (r.|ui.&):<br />

A IaDM unbd ofd@blcbuddd 3di! wa! Pbd.d Fr uit d€a' ad !t tlE @!pbd or<br />

smiidid (a5 days .n.i lowiid rumba of le.dlit8' p.t dn .6 N cctd'd<br />

Ganirtion ps@fise*!, c.loht d on ltEbdi3 oftotal dltt.'ofbotls Fun a'a<br />

3.7.12 }tst E4hl:<br />

srdt l€gln bd€ sil crto std |pt6 of lq| .d.dlv 3d.dd rdc 6 trEld n<br />

tdws aidrhalE.8.d<br />

3.t.13 Sbmt ltt Wdlht<br />

Frc n'ddnly s.Ld.d plrllt F plol ws! 6rn s &in sd gtund. TtEgBld nGtd<br />

w dried in d M rr 8dC lo ! @!&t dry wish (D\r'). ttv *jd{ d",*'*<br />

detami'd ext tlrshrbcd io g tni by tdiPlri.g it bv si.lk PoPulaliod ni. DW ${s<br />

c@'n d .t 3o dly int wdr n@ AFil (GroMI rdiod Orc) q lo N@nbd (ca)<br />

3.7.1,4 Nmbc.l filLn P.r Unlt Anr:<br />

ltlnbd ofiild i. a.ll plol e!! c.utcd ari lrtd @lwsr€d to m1<br />

3.7.15 NM!.r of Mi[$L C!.. P.r Ulil tut :<br />

Nun|bd otDilablc @ in d.n p|o| *$ @dcd .r lE qr.d

---

a.?,1.6 Ma! Crr. Giin:<br />

Ta c.s v4 turdody s.L.r.d 0m *l tqtEi rld 8inh.fa.i tM t !G, .i&b<br />

adiop wrurcd Ale"ge ofth.s.vrlues 6 iald B 'ls 6ft 8irtb<br />

3.7.1.7 Nehq of t!aa.od. C..i'i<br />

trdrEddoft6diddy5dcd.doE &madr ftdEn Et drrcd a h.Et. TLi<br />

3.?.rl hr.dotlrlldgri:<br />

t!'gt! of .n it,arodd of ta dtdoolt rd.d.d €r.s t!|n ..dr !@n a hrlrC oftte<br />

@p u !'c.rl!d !d dB aErgd.<br />

Irtgth ofl6 n'dof,'ly rdcdd c.B 6@ adt tqlnd w|. rFs&d !a luiea ard<br />

3.?. 0 StlDp.GCr*W.igt<br />

Tq @don y sLd.d .!Fs totn cr.h ftatEt vs! ${ighcd togdls &d wiSh orei<br />

3.7.1 Ti3r WdEtt<br />

T6sh ofstripp.d c.l|.{ ofa.h pld wldelEd ard t nd.ri'.d ro r ha_r.<br />

l,Zl,l2 To?. Wdttt:<br />

A[ Lp. of sipp.d cG of dr pta re crcva al On wl4U .nd r !&nrcd ror

---

.1.13 Udrhp.d.C.tr Wdgl.:<br />

A Doilrd dE d a.[ dd qw q{gh.d b.6.! di4iig r lrr\d drb<br />

!,7.Lla Sl'lpl.d{re Yr.|d:<br />

AI5i!!.d @ ofdl dd rs! qridbd ! t rwd rtd i.urfrE dbrha.<br />

l7, &idtLdD..:<br />

3.7.2.r rrfAr|tldq0,Al):<br />

rrd.M of fv! ftddtly sd...!d rdlr tt@ c.d plo. d 30{rF ir6avd, $nt '|8!d<br />

t-AIB..qn dby'r|igtL&&rtgtoDtbi4!S!o.dtywe(t9t4<br />

I:qI- 3,2<br />

Grd!'d .'- (cd'1<br />

3,?32 laf.'|tt Drdo 0.ADI<br />

IlD m dqmiDd !y uidg tE trl.lbd ofinlr (1978) !| 8i6 bdori<br />

l-AD- o-Alt+lAL) x(b.rDlz day!<br />

Irl, = Lrf!r&(it,<br />

LAII = tsfur.ido(|l b<br />

t, = limof ln obevdid<br />

t, = Tie of2irt otaqurin<br />

-33

---

!.ttt Ale Gratrd(ocl}<br />

CGir. nr dddi..d ty uig 6c blorig frD&.fild oClO I<br />

cGR=<br />

WrWr<br />

W! - Sltod &, *{iSh En d lim i!<br />

w. . Sloo. dy trrah # d tiiE r,<br />

3.Zal N.. &ddddrqNrrl<br />

- G#d)<br />

ri,<br />

--_3.1<br />

TIEn nN R$ddc.aDh.dbtudnStt n d'odoftlllr(lylS)||fdtos:<br />

rDM-Tdltbd&tffi<br />

tr{D - Lrfs-.trdtd<br />

IDM<br />

Mr-- CD'd+')<br />

L.AD<br />

-3.5<br />

&w.d i"da( C|I) 6. dr ftd.'.d *s €bL.d by uis 6. d.d d<br />

(Dondd ,n Hde ryr6) - ftbtNr:<br />

X 100 _3.6<br />

,3

---

3.7l.6 tt!d.Ld..l N.tiLt |[ld-crl<br />

Td.l NPK rd& by shoot! of cr!9 in adr !! !|et et corEd io *8 h 1 ( rt&<br />

l). P.t iologic.l trdirr didatry o'NE) 6. ad ften d \l'|t cJai!.d by b 6.tEi<br />

sivcr !y 8!tt

---

Toid sgdhrr M ".b'r',cd fdad rarpn by6i.g i!* folowir€ n dFdl<br />

3.7,a E o.ooicA.+nr<br />

3.7.4,1 Nd Fi|d Ad.ft:<br />

SuS recowr] x Sldtpcdqr yidd (r hr')<br />

t00<br />

-19<br />

Nc16€ld baEft (NFB) B .rlod.tcd !y eDrlding rtE rolat wi.lt .od trm rhe g@<br />

Mts for s.h Ednot @n!trulon (Cti/tlt{yT l98t). hlll rid oq$x .od br ddt<br />

trldnon 6ibiEri@ w @sqrcd io R! h.'(Alpadix 2).<br />

3.2a,2 rroDnueAldtn:<br />

Ddni e elyds for..d! ratrEr d$iraib w lha did qn br frd tdirg dE<br />

ttldEii! in oNdq of iEaiB cods tll. t[y. Aly nldrdr rha hd |. ba.6t lhd *6<br />

ls th4 d oqu.l to rhoF irannans eith low cod! rhar vsy M! donid.d (ctuMyT<br />

r988).<br />

17.a3 M|r!i..l R.t oar.rlbl<br />

Mlr8ird rdc of Enn 6eR) ir S. Bsird d b6.A (MNB) i.G., dc dqc i, tE<br />

ba'.6t3 dilii.d by dE rr,Biid 6n OrC) i.., lb. dss. i! cod!, oqnscd s r F!@sq<br />

MRR w ddmined b ui'g th lbnrl.gih by(Ch,[rYT l98E)<br />

MRR('/'=<br />

MNB<br />

MC<br />

--X<br />

lO0 LtO

---

3l M.r.odogirl D.r.l<br />

Thc nd.orologiol d&. fd ttE 8ro*iig pabds of rhc cDp wft co[.c.d A@ dE<br />

d?lrtrF l ofAgridi&dt .odoto5', Stt tcrgd SWd R...ad hdijq,q, pd.idd<br />

(Fig.3.2).<br />

3.9 S..|1idtu+tdc|rg&r<br />

Dd @0..!.d f6 bdlt aqqi'E! E! d'r.;', utF.d b ,rig &<br />

@nFd.. p..rgc rlSTATc. flr jg'i6oE ofc.rddih O .!d .lSrrdo|l (y,-) u{, ra.d<br />

€rir(ll!ul|.d$ 8i@bSrld€cor|ldCoctuq 19,89. Tt c.d,Frt.F.*.S.f,ARVTRD<br />

CAAPSICS E u6.d ro pr.?s! d! gryt

---

I<br />

N<br />

3<br />

rl'<br />

a<br />

3<br />

G (o<br />

-o=<br />

i6<br />

?9<br />

-o<br />

3o-<br />

-'a

---

CHAPTER 4<br />

RESIJLTS AIYD DISCUSSION<br />

Relts pd.hing to .groloniq pltyiiologiol qudiradv. !d 4o|Mic pe0dd! d<br />

$gnrltc $ .ft6cd by di&t r pl!,iin8 p@B !d @ri:r lqvd! @ F*!.d .<br />

4.1 ACRONOMIC<br />

.,I.I CERMIMTIONPERCEMAGE<br />

I! wiM plding Fncra gsni'uli@ Fr.d.gc of ryreE B dgriEa.dy<br />

.lifrrst driry 1992-9 hr rEl ii I9qL9t (LbL 4.l.l A). h 199-9, dlp pLi.d<br />

in pit! td do$lo.@ ltipt adfiftld ;A;F-dy LiglE gmitdih ta! l|!t nt 60<br />

.d sp...d single tuq TIF forF M pbdirg p{nm w4 s.dlrioly o a p€t<br />

Bnh oh odt6. A',tdrghgdirlrion snilinM ir lirgt wpLnitE. ndid rDa<br />

@irldrbly dr& tm dd in rrip pLrdi.&<br />

Goier gdtridtim Fcaug. in pn! my b. due ro bcd6 !..d+.d @iu!F! for<br />

8prouo€ ofpirwy slbor! tm hrb of$g.r!&e &!s. Gmin tior w eFid<br />

W I % ia t9a44 bn b 199293, d! ro dish ri!flI iulr riq wils &d<br />

dnnidy t8h6 lqlFarn@. ldDEEr of gmiddid F!.dr8. by er€dd s]<br />

ntoisrur€ nd hiShs rlrnpsd4 "!s .lF repoded by yd|v! ( t9 t)<br />

48

---

Addi'ior of lios,rpod dgni!€dly etlnc.d g.rdiidjd FEtr!€c or,tr ds<br />

nulict lod! tuirg hod, yrj! Grlle 4.1.1 B) In 199!93, l@@!pod rlD<br />

@li!d in th. rillh sminrti@ of 5ry. lrd w $.c..d€d by $a in U@<br />

@mpoa + NPK doc dt r 8?rduri6 of 56.?94 \rhb NPK .ldE !d D<br />

fsrilzri@ aM loE !d drtidi.slt limnu emiidion of A.tyo .fi 4T/q<br />

nsp.ditdy. h l9CJ-94, bolt Uodpod .loo. rd lio4q.d + NpK .d6at d<br />

dlijsidly sini|8 gmir.d6 of 6l.l% ard 60.69lq hofi ofuiich v* higl|G. dn<br />

NPK rldE.rd m tudlizdim 66ndrrio. &.Lnatw drisr t6/d! did iot iiiftt<br />

tM adr ot .. Gre gdindion ia biodipod ard tb@ryodr + NIX B<br />

.sciibd ro a diSh d& i. $ilraryoanrc.rd rlddi(s in cvrlsiltoo de io hisna<br />

OM in to€rpod rfd olacd I r.hndt $s &d mir ni(,!.@it6E! tllr<br />

crlEEd s8.|!e geminadon (Singh er 4t, 1984. dd [&rtu e/ al, t9q)), !.M<br />

Slrlnirdin ii NPK &E |l'|y bc &$.d to ltighc cl,Errjin of 6E !||mn<br />

produ.€d !y h:droly,i! ofura ii tlE eI M f* g..mi.rlins hd! !d oo& (Vh!,<br />

1954).<br />

Yd x nlelEn id..rdid fttr smildim of eg.tq& "rj rls {9i6csr<br />

OrhL 4 Ll C} b 1992-9], ijgnwE !.rI3 h p,Nr se n|Ii]!M gmi'|nir of<br />

s9 427q bd dil ,br rbi.5nrry .ltra Aon tue ii paN, , pN! ,rd p3N,. . On dE<br />

co,nzy, o8|r!.8 6. in P:I\L odih.d dFi.tnrn FDin ln h! s5<br />

srllidiolt d I ps virh P,Na pa\6 r3No .rd p,N:. Ir tggJ-94, dnit& t!!d w<br />

6ud in smiid@ of ra.|qE !tus .iEaq! !Ei6r @nltnrj6

---

lL rtrL hnlo tu b d.d.d dt d6a h. o4-dy<br />

dcrldffi drrE.d!r-r--EttLdltfl<br />

i.dB-rigdft..q.<br />

Cldid d rlanir di -r. ir t 4l.ll r I b rL cdq,<br />

rqr-.rtc-addF!.d.rdr4Fdai.dEE-{chhd}{a.<br />

Ibi.*dfi .it nctdd(flr.a.lr)Ei*!&oa<br />

6i.i.t cdr.Grta al.t}<br />

50

---

TIDL{l.l Gqrarri. !.16r.3. of a.|aa -.e.r.d<br />

{d lul.id t rds<br />

A. ?l-digPrt d(P)<br />

I,sD<br />

B. Nll.LdLdr O)<br />

Nr Bicorpdr @20tti'<br />

N, NPX @ IsGrocll|( lt br<br />

N, Bi.Hnpdt @ l0 ! ba, +<br />

NPK @ TtsGro k r. '<br />

c. PXN<br />

tsD<br />

t9l9! r9l9<br />

5|rl<br />

52.1b<br />

l.u<br />

by ditr.nr .ib!!&!<br />

56.1<br />

NS<br />

51.,|D<br />

Srli<br />

I,SD 2Jl 2.8<br />

M.u louorcd br difi.d. t.ti.E ir r otufu e jg|i6.!dy dr.dr d orE p,<br />

5l<br />

l.!.<br />

t5a<br />

lsJ<br />

!{a<br />

53.6<br />

5|t1<br />

at.4<br />

9,7<br />

sta<br />

AJ<br />

,|l,<br />

!r.0<br />

43<br />

57r

---

992-93<br />

't999-94<br />

Fig.,t.l.1.A Assoclation<br />

(%) ot swarcane with<br />

yieH<br />

gt.lppod-can€ yt6ld (tL)<br />

Y.-46.2,674(X)<br />

r - 0.386 NS<br />

20 30 ao ao<br />

Osrmlnatlon (p€rc€ntagr)<br />

Fi9.4.1.1.8 A$ociation<br />

(%) ot $garcane with<br />

yield<br />

stripp€d-can€ yl.ld (t bsn)<br />

Y.-154+4.75(X)<br />

r . 0.543 its<br />

lo 20 aO ,ro<br />

G€rmhdion (pdc€ntagF)<br />

ot germhatign<br />

gtrDped-carE<br />

ot germhatbn<br />

strippgd-cane

---

{I.? TLANTEDIGFT<br />

Slridnd !Cyi! ofdE dlt m *n lrigh 8i!sthTd.al.2Cu tdfi F.r<br />

r t!dE! i'r6.db6 6. Db high of r€rtlt I 'Ei9i6..d 6. ddiq<br />

!.!.tia naid Lvdr !.d dxnco ndit!. Cnp it dE ddirS Pd.ttt,.lfr.d<br />

dgritody dft.qr Dbr l{dr (Lt* 4.1.2 A} oi dE bdr orts Ja! M.s.<br />

d.la cop in pf! g.irld r in|n dlr high of a.l nltd wfJldtdttdr<br />

lrw| in do{t{aw db !d i'g|. |DlB slh Dbr hiSh or40 rn 3.8 t4<br />

'!{.didy<br />

CEia d.rn t(irL h lt dlrdin sr tu to rdtiivdy lttl.' dd d.dy d<br />

b.lra go*rh oodb6, rrd! s Lr. i'r.dd c@pdi6 e. rdb .rd bh si6<br />

tle nEd*rcdb|| rpaif.dy dliggtrd govlh rlc<br />

(Ci[, 19tr). f.id..,<br />

16lish pddin iro lb @ry of |b B{!d.d q.p E irydt d, .t &b<br />

rpnrs *lilc &io promta g10*6 h hish (Yd^4 l9l). lEa in<br />

it[. ldsh w o66Ed * e iEqi tt T..c nqltd rb ot .r&p. (L.1,<br />

r9€8).<br />

TlEtorddidldd!ds.li&ndn!|nclealt ririd|Ith (I&4.12B).<br />

or dr ttrdr.ftm yd! dr4 tiodrpd + NIt( !d NtiK rlaE Fodr.d 6.<br />

dL. dd! (a.@ r). Tt r tr,n! 6l.Ird ty, Uod|9or rbE &d oo ndilaioo<br />

eith *d ltisltt of3.9 ltd 3.65 rlr lE9.dirdy. Aldidio. oftihgat ir6E .d<br />

oE ltdgh nw!$ty (Dirqiib l9ta Y.d& d Pr&d !986 id Stllr dd<br />

53

---

Gpo I9l) rrn ft.dizdioo vin dF o.Bra sodc. Educ.d qrc lcsrlt iririaDy<br />

baa* of nitroga ittmbilizalion (Yadd !!d !Es4 1986)<br />

Th. tqtEn @Eti..ltN h.d {9i66d .&d! d plll hirrt (I&la 4.1.2 C)<br />

Susr'@E in P,Nr produc€d nuxrmun h€i8ht of4.3 m ird $!5 fouo"€d I lhe ctop<br />

i, Pt{r PrNl PN} Pilr dd PrN', '!.p..rndy. By @dE4 i€.@ b Plllo<br />

produc€d il'c dbnat plds (16 m) dd wa pd.ded by dul in P,Nq PrN, ad<br />

P'lrc r€.p.(ridy. Plsn ttigi gB to bc dctod.tn @ dE scd&A<br />

wibmd r'd.wiubilit of ruilirns to itE 6op. Tlult grals pblt h€ieh ir pit<br />

plelllid eith blEmpod + NPK w dE !o decpq @r ae (SirEi ard y!dd,<br />

1986) !d loetz.d.rDli6li@ of urits(Oi4 teesl qiicl rcl o'ny g Ered cop<br />

86*rh Et O.ble 4.2.3 c) bll .lb impryd plqiotogiot nurior .fid,trr Cralle<br />

4.?6Cl<br />

TlEe m srors @ddai{E b..wt pldi trigb r,td eilrd-olt yijd ir horh<br />

,r!a cE 4.1.2 A&a) cocLlion (r{.70D w dgni6@n ar p{.05 b.t|Esr<br />

pl&t heig|n ad *ip!.d@ ynld for t992-9. wtih n B (.=o.93l) dsdf@* ar<br />

p{.01 for 193-94. fi3 $gg.n d rhar rha E . sorS eialbn bcawl Dllln<br />

hcisln a'd sripp€dqn idd. nir s frrh6 tuppo.r.d by r!g!.si@ !El! is<br />

(Fig.a. L2.A&aI pnkl i'ldica.d ! !r@s d.pcdas of|dipp.d...e yird d lhd<br />

h€ish. so t amdn3 poduiig &ltq pLil! CrabL 4.r.2) de gaw !igni66r hjShq<br />

$pped{e yitd (IaU.4 t. t4)<br />

54

---

T.!L,r.r.2 ne.L*!(&)of r{.,*!/td.dttdtbttrLdt<br />

dirld.lt<br />

a n iitlddt(t)<br />

tsD<br />

E N-dlcnl(N)<br />

N. C.d.ol<br />

Nt Eiosp.d @a'lh'<br />

Nr NtX@ l5Glltllok bn<br />

N, Bb

---

lto<br />

1992-93<br />

Fig.il.1.2.A Association of plaat h€lght<br />

ot €ugarcane with stlipped-can€ ybld<br />

stripp€d-cam yl.rd (th.')<br />

Y.-131.97.57.5E(X)<br />

r.0.70t .<br />

r.!<br />

Pr.nt n.bht (m)<br />

Fig.4.l.2.B A$ochtlon ot plsot h€ight<br />

of sugE cane wlth stdpp€d-cane yl€ld<br />

strtpged-cai. yt€td (t h'l)<br />

220<br />

003-04<br />

t,:1"o99.; tat te t'l<br />

05r1.522.63j,,6aa.t<br />

Phnl hclght (m)<br />

6!

---

l1<br />

.,IJ SEOOTDRYWE|GITT<br />

Paiodic dara d dtdt (by *lighl (SDW) |@tdd dli|g oop rro*d, Fiod rc<br />

d.prc€d in IG4.1.3 for6. y6 |992.93.rd l9l-94, cp.dnE Errine bodr<br />

,@!, dirq@6 i! SDW mn8 pls iig p.tllris *!i€ cL.t ton b.gining of oop<br />

Iro${h Fiod but prcsBivdy bqrr g$n&.d a dp oop progln d loMdr<br />

iG phr5iologi@l rEldny. SiniLr patdn of SDW @rulrlbn w oh6srd ara€<br />

s$risti@l drl^tu ofd. d|ta for rr!<br />

x t,stftflr iihaclion for sDw of$gM<br />

wa M-signfie,n tur platirg F mq dtian ldels ,rd th* intc!.rio$ (Lble<br />

a. I 3 A} Crop p&ned in drc pLidnS p.n@r podr.d die.qt SDW Srgrlqc<br />

dlrLd ir pitl FodEd i8nifotl Niltu SDw of !606 g m' rd w $ccccd.d<br />

by $'l in doltte@ *iF ad drgL |o*i eith sDw of97 eid 77l I #,<br />

cpdtivdy nE wi.ble SDW i. wiN plrlrirg Fdas dy b. sibed to<br />

wiation in plad poFl.lion nn (drb nor p|6dled) s a @[ of etrci.rt uiitizlim<br />

of inputs $pt d dd bat. nicHlror. in piIs (Mdi .d SiigL 1988 rd Giq<br />

r95}<br />

Slsalt& glbMlr fn @triar lad3 qhfflcd i9i66rt dituqtt SDw Glbh<br />

4.1.3 B). A!6ag€ of rF ytr! rhta i.di€Ld rh.r biMpod + NPK grE<br />

si8nifrett highd SDw of 1540 g n2 fouosld by thal of NIK aloic, bio@np$.<br />

.toFld m fsriliztim wii SDw of U79' I loa.!d 555 g ol cQ.cildy.<br />

57

---

Addrillrid of &y od6 in $g'tqF iBar.t widt iFq& nt .itoga levd<br />

(Y!dd !d Shnn4 l9E0) atd dlo b inftlin8 potltim levd (Pde.rd, 1990)<br />

od tlF besi5 oftslrsb&td Glbl€ 4.1 3 C), s8.t!s ct€d wirh pr\ Dro.ilrd<br />

th. @inin SDW of2276 s mtdd B foUowrd by dBr b pJ,L p!N, {td p,l.t,<br />

GpcdnEly. ne lana fte ft.mor @!$indid &o di&..d tm ol|c etb6.<br />

Ir'c cop ii PiN0 slw rlE mirinm SDW of44? g mr a'd els plc€dcd b, p,No<br />

.!dP,r,lq wiic[ dslifodydiftld fm adr o{E Gldq SDW nprN,6.t!<br />

to l4 r'rcpld'r dipdnim a . Bdt of l@liz.d ,pptic.lia of org.d, a!d.<br />

'@r8dn tuti s od aB vaddnD ii F,t d.darioq arcuid bo$ $it .rd<br />

U&qE h SDW of .|8.rtu ir @dr !E Ml<br />

b!@noN s a$iLd io hiShd ACCR G$L42 3 C) rrrti jd Siigh (lgrs)<br />

l?orIld 0u dry @4.. FDddin i! algrqE y|! hid.r *ih Sr.d., w lprdq<br />

ald imla&d fodjation s a rtsdt ofteg iildDtdlr comD.riioo.<br />

53

---

| 992-93 1993- 94<br />

Fis.4.t.3'Sdff at<br />

ditterenr ptanring parr3;iii nutrienr t€ve,

---

T|bla.r.!3 srd dry,.ig[r G n1or.!r!@ g.d.d.d by .trftiot rl,'aur 0...s$ od<br />

!!tri6r Lw&<br />

r P|!niryP.i.r(P)<br />

15D<br />

E Nuirbt t v.L (l)<br />

Nr 8iR.a..i @4trt-'<br />

N, NPK @ r5Grlrlrolt k !t{<br />

Nr Eie.oDro.r @ ro t ha' +<br />

NPK@7r5C50khi.<br />

C. PXN<br />

Itvt 9t<br />

|]9l<br />

132<br />

t9<br />

1056<br />

t89<br />

,ll<br />

6n<br />

tt<br />

1502<br />

t7u<br />

[sD a1<br />

53r d<br />

t21.rb<br />

ltdt b<br />

9611<br />

t t1 .t<br />

47i<br />

aal a<br />

ll<br />

M5! lou.r.rl by t@D b r d@<br />

'lihcor<br />

e dFfiody dift@ ! 0.06 p,<br />

!:r0<br />

l!t2<br />

!r{l<br />

132<br />

an<br />

ltxtr<br />

33.t<br />

568<br />

@<br />

"t91<br />

lta,<br />

ett<br />

611<br />

I t60<br />

ltD<br />

l!l!<br />

&l<br />

88'<br />

t'H2<br />

t23a

---

.I.I.' NUMAER <strong>OF</strong> TILLENS PEA.I]NIT TREA<br />

Yd x itotE! inq..rix for rjlki|g m'ofoop s noFsigrtfc.n fr pl-ii,B<br />

p{tr..rs, dmiatr leds ad d.n inr...di@ G.bL<br />

4. r.4). Att g. ofi*c}6's dilu<br />

(T.blc 4 1.4 A) idiet€d thd ss.r.atlc pl6t d in dolueN nriF p@doc.d tlE<br />

highd tur$s of dne n: (34 l) nd E foltov.d br th.t ir 3inSL tM ad pits<br />

wi$ 32.5 r'd 31 3 rillq n1 cp.dndly. Fdt1d! hn in pn.p|!Ld @p E dF<br />

ro hislE E& of rilkr n$ltirr (rlar. mr C|M) s. B]]t of s |r!c.d itq+lad<br />

coopaiion b@E of hi8h plur daBity (d.t 'ol Fqs!.d). llgh ph,r dedty<br />

EdtB tilsins a r 6i1 of dtldiig (Yadav .r 4r., 1984 !d iFas.d riler<br />

tunality 6 il& a$ibut€d ro tl* @rt tilid 6on tlE gold en$6 of dI6<br />

(Sh€[ 197D.<br />

Th. 6op @ilnte ItMpo.r + NP( Fodu.ed tlE rcr dlbs (38.O dd s<br />

fouo*rd by dEr g(M wiih biosiposl rlooq NPK rlooe dd.odrol with 34.5,<br />

10.7 dd 267 til€6 ntr, nsp.cl,i4 Crcdtr Mnbd of tilkB in ttE.op f€nilizd<br />

*in bo0! o.geic a'd inegric fddlid nigli b. dE to $pdy of P, K a|d<br />

nlruliqt! (Ol 24 M' .|i Fc & OM) tm titorFod (Ide 3.2). TL<br />

rictwtdct! Or ad zr (Sd*e.u !r!d K|l@, l98a), ltd plblplbG (D!]lanj,<br />

1952 4 lrd c'laMts, 1980) ll.w boo' r"on d to imp'@ dlbir'8 in i€.l.e<br />

Bdid.!, lplil appljcdid ornir.ogo higlu rl$ her ir@s.d th. ifuu. @p&ity of<br />

dots for iiusirg witt ! @ncofrit it dd@ in tilh rst lity (SdEsM ri<br />

5l

---

AElt. or t\Nqdr dd *d cd dd ry(s b Pig ofiiad lt. l&h.s<br />

rDt.t ofiin.r! (:|o.2 n) |ltd w r.c...Ld hr t|l|t h PJ\6 d P,l$ lidl i&3<br />

ard 37.3 ii!.rs tn1 'rtcdn/dy. By 6rE* o!p! nilcd d P'Nj S.!e (.ldi.ly dr<br />

lad &dtq ofdn4 mr (4.6) |nd !l,3 Flc.dcd !r rlts in P3\ rd P,r{'<br />

c.tr&ioi |!d Egrlldo'r b.i$!a li&.ii8 !n $ippcd@ idd E M<br />

sig'itolr in bdh rr.6 (Fi8.a.1.4 A&B). Tli. i'd.d.d dd eipp.d.@E yi.ld<br />

CI6l.4.Ll4){dodintuqlc.dst tby dlrirs(t|bb..|..).

---

Lua a.rI Nc of riltr (d ).4 ryltt4 r.lt r.d iy d*rd ledt D&d .d<br />

!!tEt Lw!<br />

ttttL93 t'9!94<br />

^. PlddnsPft.tu(P)<br />

L5D<br />

B. Ndi.dr6*(r9<br />

N' Eicc@ran @20th.r<br />

N: NPK @ l5lt1(xtllx, tg lJ'<br />

Nr BiosrFir @ ro r hr +<br />

NPK @ ttsG5o Ls !.i<br />

c txN<br />

l5D<br />

r0.8<br />

,A'<br />

L3<br />

l0,l<br />

3&3<br />

A'<br />

31t<br />

u,t<br />

!1.7<br />

!42<br />

32.4<br />

26.9<br />

v,1<br />

3t.2<br />

31.3c<br />

t2Jt<br />

0n2<br />

26,1tt<br />

3.!t<br />

LSD<br />

t.?3<br />

M.a fono*.d hr df.rd Lrr.n . ..lu! G risliioldy diltd a 0.6 P.<br />

'.<br />

NN<br />

%2<br />

,66<br />

3an<br />

2t.l<br />

t&6<br />

63<br />

A,I<br />

38.3<br />

3ti<br />

f,&0<br />

o?l<br />

u.9i<br />

$.!t<br />

,t4<br />

lttf,<br />

g.2a<br />

38.3b

---

992-93<br />

1993-94<br />

F1g.4.1.4.4 Association ot sugErcane<br />

tilering with strhped-cane YieH<br />

Sttltp.d-clt yiald (tlL-)<br />

Y - -23.99 * 3.51 {X)<br />

F0./165 NS<br />

,o ,a !o 3l ao .! 60<br />

Tlllt'|ing urit-r aa<br />

Fig.4.l.4.B A$ochtioo of $garcane<br />

tlllerhg with strbped-cane Yield<br />

SitbD.d-c.n Yldd ('I!)<br />

Y . -5{63 . 5,Og fi}<br />

' r.o,5lo Ns<br />

16 20 26 303ta041 !0<br />

Till€.ing uitn aa

---

4T5 NUUAEI. <strong>OF</strong> MILIr|.BLE Cr|NEIi<br />

&nbd of mi!.bL €F is G of lE Di' ddmi|d o[ tui c& yiid of<br />

'€'Iae Yq x t!.t61 int |.tih for rfl.U. 68 B {9i6.d ft. dali'g<br />

pddts ndiel lcvd, .'d thi lrsird(s O$lc 4. |.5).<br />

Rcgddl* ofphrning pst ns lnd ruitidlt l.rd!, $galttr slbw.d ddi\rly gtalq<br />

rur$s of milfd. c'B pd uit @ in 199-94 ttsr ilEr ir 199293. Ctata<br />

ruo$6 ofnilhbl. clM h 193.94 B d@ to ruE 6!o!EbL djdaric @!ditio$,<br />

Mn - h'sl' tqnF&r., high rir6il .!d RIr (ra 3.2) 6. d.vdoprmtt &td<br />

@i,nsuE of tXd. Crcp Foltl..d li8niftdly wi.bL dliaue c.a in difttan<br />

phdins FtlarE, lr!.icn lcvd! ud dtdr idalciN (&bL 4. L5).<br />

s!gd..E plrd.d ir! dc Cdira r&aE $bddirit difsld Ew c .rdi.r ii<br />

rdba ofEilLblcffi Funir rft., duirghothFB (Lble4.l.5 4 h 1992-93,<br />

d'e mp in pir3 h.d ne turlb€ ofnil.ru. 6a m- (l L4) aDd E &lloued by !h.r<br />

in doublcw sripi r'rl singh ov! qnid gN 8.1 .d ?.3 hilable ffi m",<br />

.e.p.crndy. l,{o€ tnilbbL eM h pik trly b. du. 1o b.iq l8lrt F6aion ilro t!.<br />

@p cepy ad cos$vd ibtiotr b€rus. of *ids lpeing dolg th. adl6t piti<br />

Beideq ls intqpbtl dpaidoi for Mta $d onidiq 4 ! Blx ofgatq scd-<br />

bcd d.?i! rd lo.rliz.d .pdidlion of Mta !d flfrids e Erad milald|e rd<br />

dedoFEn of ntSnor til6r irto ni|lrbL c.c. crqrq $d-b.d d.Fh (cdir t<br />

a,r., 1989). le ir!.-d!I @op.!,ti6 (Gi{, 1995) ad lila tw +dn8t<br />

.dnhlcd.li@ dnid$ltD &. iiar{.c in trDtq of Ei|lluc dB uir_! @<br />

6t

---

(Bqyc., 1968., F!.ihi 1974., Rjcrd rd Co.ltd4 1980, F!th. ?, ar, 1986., sinsh<br />

dd Yldav, 1986., !d L.l l98E)<br />

Nurrisr l6ds .ibcr.d ofsitL!. 6E nr G$lc<br />

4.1.5 B). I! l9s2-93, dE d.?<br />

srcM wilh bioompos + NIK h.d nlm nilhdc@6ml(lol)sdsb€ttd<br />

rh.n NPK aldE lb6oEo6..loF.ri rc ftrliliztion tith 95,9.1 ad 7.0 e6 n<br />

:, Gpcdivdy. Tt'c !.ne nod w oberld it 193-9. A 8r!aq {!nb.r ofni&ble<br />

cem{ in th. aop sisd th tioanpon + NPK my t lrdbn d ro h

---

Cc|tro tF fl|.- d tfud,a rg frr.ljl.!) i<br />

aLi.F.ol il td Fr. tL r tr ryr.a ly- rrt<br />

dF Ft{tJ"t|Al 16tu.q dre.drdn dctS<br />

Gfl .a.l.lOd ff d(Tdaal.t)<br />

51

---

T.!lc 4.1.5 llo of Di[.!k ..E (rr ) of esrt.& !.&.r.d bt dftrut plDdr! Ped<br />

dd nrlri.nt Lv.lr<br />

r- n nd4rd.d(})<br />

LSD<br />

E. Ndriot lo'dr (N)<br />

\ BiGcolpolr @ 20r hr-'<br />

Nr N}K @ rscl([rq) ra h!-<br />

Nr ai€oopod @ r0l h.' +<br />

XP|( 61 7i5c50lr br<br />

C, PXN<br />

LSD<br />

o02<br />

t5D<br />

tlo, 0lo<br />

rl0<br />

102<br />

lot<br />

LSD<br />

o02<br />

M.a to[o*.d by dir.da ldr.n h r col|@ r. i3dftlrly diGrs! .r 0.05 P.<br />

1,li<br />

12.1.<br />

r15b<br />

13i<br />

&la<br />

6.,1<br />

a.2r<br />

68<br />

t2r<br />

3.rQ<br />

a.4a<br />

9,0t<br />

7t<br />

ltt<br />

14J,<br />

3J<br />

9.1<br />

&3

---

s92-93<br />

Fb.4.1.5.A Association of millable<br />

canes ot sugaroane with staipped-cane<br />

yield<br />

strippod-c€ne yteld (tba)<br />

Y . - /t3,12<br />

F0.959 -<br />

Mi sbt€ can6s |r|lh-r ala<br />

Fi9.4.1.5.8 Associatior ot ni abte<br />

canes ol sugarcane wilh sttipped-cane<br />

yield<br />

Stripp.d-can. yietd (t[a')<br />

Y.-54.a6.6.68(x)<br />

r - 0.967 r<br />

o 12 a a 5 a 7 a o ot1<br />

Milabte can.3<br />

lgga-g:l 6.<br />

unift ana

---

4,t.6 MDAra c.tNE 6IRTS<br />

Imoi.tic ba\,6 y@ !'d tetbl. for n@ ce sinn *w mHignifon fd<br />

pl&ttirg pddn , ruEictt l4ls {d i,|le} intoldj@ (I!bb a.1.6) Md ce<br />

sinn B res.d by plr'd'|g torlan Galh 4.1.6 A} Sug@ in dts lnd sarq<br />

ce8infi 7? on dlrl d@blcw criF {td d'€le |N (?.5 ad 706). A linear<br />

iEa$ in €Fdi.nr.w ot 6/.ir by (Feili.ral., 094) .d qElb (l9l).<br />

Tr'€ *o!ge of thc t*o-y@s drr. irdi€l€d lid {E li)u rltticd lo* c.!!ed<br />

didtGr '!@ ce ginh (I!bL 4.1.6 B) tusrlwc srcB Nith hiFonDod + NP(<br />

@ riblted sjgnit€nt tujmum ca gidn of 7 3 rnd M bllowd by 0rl ii MK<br />

rlonq ItMipolt alorc !d m fddlialio eirh 76, 7.4 and 7 0 o'\ ft.p.ditdy.<br />

HdE IPK Edlizlio r.d!d di* oa a @|9drd ro rlE cog wirhd!<br />

fetiii2aion (IoitlE rr4l., l9l)<br />

IXe !t@9. of twyed! d.t| Ega.dirg ma c* ginh indicated d iir.ndid ot<br />

rutiort lc!d! ad pL i.8 p.td (Ilblc 4.1.6 C). Sugafu h P,Nr ..d Pt{! hrd<br />

tlE Bi'|m c@ sinl (8 I rld 7 8 sn ). By @tE4 PJ.lo r€$lrld ir tlE to,rEd<br />

dE gitdr (6.58 @). SuglrlrE FodE d igdifdr Ei,tb nt.,t ce sirdr in<br />

PrNr rEy b. aitihrdl b h.na or Sddr 3 a 61 of .dcqud. rFL of<br />

.ltidrs (ApF dix l), trlich *w !ppli.{ dil.(tly to rle pi|5 irdad of nixitB 0m<br />

with $r&c $il oE dr orirc pl..t @ s I dorc in dnst. lM dd d@bt+lw

---

Cdrldi. (r

---

a" Plr&'altlLnr1l)<br />

Mq! @ airlt Gn) ottu,@ t.rtu bt dftd plDdtt<br />

p.ar.ra ..d Ntti(lt Lv&<br />

lsD<br />

E. N@i4a Lrt{!)<br />

N, aiFoEc.d @ 20ttr"<br />

N: NPK@ rs{lro(rroo k hi'<br />

t{' liBoopd. @ l0l nr' +<br />

Nl|

---

6o<br />

'ts92-93<br />

r993-94<br />

Fig.4.l.6.A Agsociation<br />

girth ol sWE can€ with<br />

yietd<br />

Strlpp.d-cane yi€ld (tha1<br />

Y.-403.07.70.00(x)<br />

r.0325 i<br />

aasa<br />

Mlrn oane glrth (cm)<br />

Fi9.4.1.6.8 Association<br />

girth ol sugarcane rrith<br />

yield<br />

Srlpp.d-canc yi.ld (t ha")<br />

Y.-567.68.5€(x)<br />

10.925 .'<br />

aSara<br />

M.!n c.n3 ghrh ((o)<br />

of mean cang<br />

gtripped-cane<br />

ot mgan cang<br />

glripped-cane

---

dI.7 NT]MAER <strong>OF</strong> INIEXNODES TER C.INE<br />

Y@ x trEtnq|t' iriqldic for dhla of lrdrodd 6ft' !* signin@r fd<br />

pLr ng p.nqlq illiot ls* nd tun i'r.radid (Ia!b a 1.4<br />

Slg,|!E plan d i. {@ FttaE ge difirgt hn$6 of in arcd6 een in bolh<br />

rrls (Table 4 l.? A). Dliig 199-93, qop pldtcd in pit3 gaw i8'|itu ! hisls<br />

drrtq oridercdB .er (21.t) .d vs folo*rd by that i! douuoN diF ad<br />

digl. rcw vith 21.3 a|d 20.8 iin6!Fd6 ce'!, '!.p.dtwly. It r.d t€d s<br />

obsdv.d in 193-94. EnlEriiS itrD.d ofrit drtaloi oi ddb(r ofinamdG<br />

c@' h$ ale h.or F@iolly rpon€d (Cilt, 1995) . Horw, in th. t|fls r@ mp<br />

sesrerd drl66 ofiddnEd6 .e_' coipad lo tlE brE ya. 'nd5 E dE<br />

to mrc na fe tg,@li@tic @ndilioN rir., Arcabh laipqa!)t ' hi8! ninel<br />

!r!d !|e RIt (Ftg 1.2) ofthc cq d!ii8 trr lEd sow0!" Fiod of.qil ercwd<br />

ed bionB @mrl.lio. Simil$ rromoriw.ed of pit phdldo! (GiU l99t ltd<br />

tlF rlbMEdioltd diMi: A.!oB d dnhq of idgno&. @r' ha.l5 b6l<br />

p@iqdy 4?ort d (Sinrfi €t d , 1987).<br />

TIE qop rroM rrdd fdr ruiriqr bvds hrd signindr di&sn N!*q of<br />

i qFd. @r dui'E bo6 ya6 (ISL 4.l.t B) In 199-93, t€rr@ e.nlitd<br />

wiri bio{op.d + NPK ildNd ligdnqd xitrm iuDbd of intqDod6 cer<br />

(22.0) r"d B folord by 0ld i. NPK .loE ard lto.@lpod aidF . On lh.<br />

d1nry, crcp Eir.d v,nlot &diadd els loN$ Mlbq of nntF&s @'<br />

{?0 Or. TIE 5m lrqxt I @rd€d in 1991.94. llg nuhbq of i slrod.. calEl<br />

i' @dtot 6 Flt bly

---

nr.ds gsra rfult of nmjat for opdtu golrlt a'd devdopnsn. Erlsing<br />

€fe1ofld.qual. nuniei opply on Nsb6 of irtcf,Fd6 @en h!! dlo b6<br />

Epon.d (Siun.r4r., 1987)<br />

r'6rft ind!.dm al& ts$erl|y di0tr€d tom ore eollt. h enbq of<br />

idmodcs can i (IaHc 4.1.7 C). DuirB r9!2-9r, crop i. PN edft,nd ignifcer<br />

@inM Mib.r of irnqrod6 dE' (223) !n fl! blosld by dr. in PN, PtL<br />

.'d P,N} cP.cIivdy. By @ c{, clp sM ir $de 6w .rd pith drt<br />

Gni[atioo (Pilo) ahlit d lo$rd Mb6 of ilnai.dc €E (19.4) .r.l B<br />

!l!c.d.d b 0'.r i. Pt{o d P,},lq<br />

'rspc.ri'dy<br />

Siddl|' lEd i! ulsd ofidsnod.s<br />

c@rB ob$fud in 1993-94 Tlc 6!r! $gg.slhd r€edl6 of pl&ting pa6.d\<br />

&ttilizalio sigiiic.idy ims!.d iuntd of idsrodB qEr ow colIlol<br />

AtDl,'ihofboddSei&tdidr i.ediat sdEfrdsiEr.rcdnds<br />

ofi ard6 @i'ow.pdidbi of drlE de&ic or im€dic trrlis dt.<br />

Cdrddiod (Fo.Ea5 & r{.90{) b.w| rD$. of irnattodG cej !d di{rc4<br />

c:@ yidd s5 I'iglrly i9i6ca (!'{.01) in hoil }w{Figal.7 A&B) Irrit B<br />

filnhd $ppqr.d by regB*)r .rdFb (FiS4.l.? A&B), *tictt innd.d | $qs<br />

d.?drd@ of tiT.d.6. ri& 6 d . ofinno&3 d{. rffi.! tu aa<br />

in ta[Fa btins 8r!d6 m$q of iilqbdB d'i Cr.b|e 4.1.7) dD*!d high6<br />

slrippcd* yi{d (4 | 14)

---

T.ble. a,l,? No..fint nod6.e'oal||g @Bd.er.d by.[,Iehr pt!rd.!t.tt fl! !d<br />

nutti.ll |ird!<br />

A n&liigPd.d(P)<br />

I^SD<br />

B, N'r'ii L'rl(It)<br />

N, 8io..epor! @ a, a !.J<br />

N, NP( @ r3tl(nr@ ts hil<br />

$ EiF4.. @ r0 . !.r +<br />

?x @ ?95{!50 t8 ljl<br />

c. PXN<br />

I,sD<br />

LSD<br />

rgt 9t<br />

2tJ6<br />

o|l<br />

,0,0d 2t,an 2tl<br />

223t<br />

r99j<br />

212c<br />

n&<br />

2it.llb<br />

2tr9[<br />

,l3f<br />

2t.1b<br />

OIf,<br />

23.rd<br />

a.h<br />

233d<br />

,t&<br />

2a.3rb<br />

22.7.<br />

E.U<br />

oJ2<br />

vtq 6tr'd br di*- taoiGiG;E@G; o-osi<br />

22t<br />

22.4<br />

2LO<br />

2tt<br />

ato<br />

,40<br />

2J.a<br />

IIJ<br />

223<br />

229<br />

13.7<br />

2l.o<br />

:1.,<br />

22t

---

1992-93<br />

1993-94<br />

Fig.4.'1.7,A Association of number ot<br />

hlernodes ot srgarcane with<br />

stripped-cane yield<br />

Strippsd-can€ yield (r ha')<br />

F0.845<br />

34.72l.Xt<br />

Numbor ot inler.odes<br />

Fi9.4.1,7.8 Assocbtion ot numbef ot<br />

internodes of sugarcane with<br />

stripped-cane yield<br />

Slripped-cane yield (it {)<br />

Y . -124172 + 5E.41 {X)<br />

r.O€oa -<br />

vux,202a2a<br />

Number of int .nodeg

---

.I.1.' INTERNODALLINCTH<br />

ft. .l.!r giq in Trble 4 1.8 Cw ttln yd : [r,fiprs ir[aldi.b ftr idaDdd<br />

ld'efi M ior-signif@l .ld pbndng pdm, nlridn lev* .!d drir irn.trdbn.<br />

Av6.g. or tlF tqo )d's d.r. slFwd dd dop i, pLrling p&las produced<br />

dilrqerlli entod.l logn Oable 4 1.8 A) Tllccrcpin ir5<br />

gare Mjrun id!ftodal<br />

lq'gth or 10.3 @ ed e!! follo*rd by thlr in doqbtclDe sip, nd digle los "ticrr<br />

qfibited intcnodd ldgd$ of 102 dd 10.t q4 Bp€1iwly. A gqtd irn€modd<br />

ld8Ih in pit pbr.d cop k .tu. ro f.d.r gre*rh of q'c @n!d!d to doobk N<br />

fripr sd digle rcs Galte a.2.t A). Sug'Iqe Fo

---

.gii!.r of d.dE r.d!, fiibr ttuy ind irEd tCr<br />

ffi |brT.dr,!cddLq!.irnd!.h|tLrdl&drlhtt.oq{<br />

+NPr ltt ilrobrEi|nGR (T.u.rIc!<br />

ccrtb h6a -o.dd htd d {iFdG ridd 0t 4.rJ lra) s<br />

i'ii.d (r{.6) 5 hdFr(rd7ot& '.{.a3} It r &e.Tol|.d ty<br />

l.gtr-rrd!d.@sa.l.E ArA) trfid dos.d ,|1.&! ofrbFdd!r{!5<br />

0a it .Edrl Lat6. Itrr6.! 6op i! to€r ic!.d!. (Lt . {LO norrd bi!'<br />

tuipr.d-crFyid (1. L l4

---

T$L a,l, Indod.lldlrl(o)oaerle !.&.i.d byif&Er pt ditlDdd<br />

.!d nuhior lcrl,<br />

t9Lrt 199!41<br />

r It dtPaa!(?)<br />

LSD<br />

& Nuri.lt Lwt (N)<br />

N, Eio.o!.d @ta.t r<br />

Nr NPK @ t5c10cr@ k hil<br />

Nr Eiedpo.t @ lott n+<br />

NPK @ 7t5c5O lg b.r<br />

c. PXN<br />

tol<br />

tol tot<br />

ltt2<br />

10r<br />

t|t5<br />

9.9<br />

9,1<br />

t0.t<br />

r0.s<br />

t,1<br />

t,<br />

t0.o<br />

roa<br />

tol<br />

t09<br />

ltlo<br />

r0.t<br />

ll.0<br />

t00<br />

l0J<br />

ltto<br />

lsD<br />

r&.! ro[.'d hy dift,lc te,b;G;E@.ffi;dG r<br />

t0.2b<br />

l|tor<br />

9.lt<br />

llL2.<br />

9,7i<br />

to2J

---

1992-93<br />

1993-94<br />

Fi9.4.1.8.A Assochtion<br />

l€ngth of sugarcane with<br />

yietd<br />

strippod-c.ne yi6ld (t tll_')<br />

Y'-783.69+86.93{x)<br />

1.O.7O1.<br />

Intedod.l latgft (en)<br />

F19.4,1.8.8 Associatlon<br />

hngth ot sugarcane with<br />

yield<br />

Striprod csno-yiold (l ha'r)<br />

Y . -727.17 ] 6L68 (X)<br />

r . 0.733.<br />

Irt€rbdal lEgth (eh)<br />

ot internodal<br />

Stripped-cane<br />

ot internodal<br />

Stripped-cane<br />

9 n,11 121.ir15

---

..I.9 C,{ND LENCTE<br />

Y@ x r'rrlEB in16!.tio6 of c4 letgth B riSriftdn fn pti['iirlg pddis\<br />

tutndn lcrcls dd thdr a qldion Crabb 4l9) Tte ddring palm {snd<br />

wi.bL ce kngrl drdig boln yqs (Iabt 4 1.9 .{) r' r9s2.c], oop ptidld in<br />

Fls gar !i8ri6{r ldAE €G (2 17 n ) rd B &toeld !y tlt r in d.$rcw<br />

sfiF ad 'ingb |os wirh .4 lagd! of2 t4 ad 2.06 d\ E p.didy TtE err<br />

tlad *!r obqlql iD t93-94. cr!!l.r c.n lcgth in dr ptsrnio, E &. to<br />

rcrc rlrnbq ofirnqrod6 ce' Gabb a.1.7 A) ald torg6 iridnod6 G!U. a LS<br />

A) a a rolt of ed6 eroB,tn of tr pldcd mp OrUe a.2.3 A). Driq 193_9a,<br />

s8&d. in ph!.xhlild Mi'lh ce tdtg{, bo! E $diri![y @ r D€, Birn<br />

d'd ir d.{blcw lrriF Ay @itEc, !$@gn 6p i. drgt ro$ gEltE ttorr.d<br />

oF ldAO blI did..i ierifc.|riy dift. f,otn rid ii do$tGJw diF S{grrc.rE<br />

plrtld in pi|3 tllcd 10 piodlcc hd8- @r|6 0bn,., of rlE p@ig !reEr!,<br />

(Domini rnd Plaq l!'89 atd Citt. t99$.<br />

Tn eni.n l€vdr gaw difdEn ce lagrh duiis both ,qB (IrbL a.l.9 B). In<br />

1992-93, crlp fniliz.d *ith bioodpod + NpK 8alr jgnifc.nt nuxiM cae<br />

ldgtl of 2 29 h .rd E fi)loEd b' rtEl in NpK.toncli,€rpq.@!|dm<br />

fariliati@ *in oE |cg$ ofz.rq 2.09 .rd t.91, n?.dndy. Il|c.b.,qn of<br />

cft l€ngin v€s.*ord€d in l9t-94<br />

lrnge @6 ir f€niliz.d cop nsy b. eiH to mrc tunbq or irtdnodg<br />

.ri.r (TEble 4.1.7 B) ald |ong€r drdnodc (I!tk a.t.8 B) bdre orhid ACGR<br />

G.bL 4.2.3 B) ir lh. toiilizcd oop. Sird,lb ditrssc in 6e lasrt lmrg<br />

a2

---

wiN fqiilizE .r?[.nin tElEls l@ dr ro th. di&sni.l rnb6 of<br />

iddnodes !d iildnodrl lagth S!g'r6E Fod&ed kmg6 cjn6 eith hishs<br />

nirosatfl. @ildijn 1952] NPK &.tjliaj@ (Npir dr zr., 1988 ald $iHE<br />

"t d, l9l ) ard .ppli.{ioa of bio-..ripon + ii!!ga! (Nrsn dur., 1994).<br />

vaioB LorG iit i|.rios tls sig,i66dv diftr€d i@ orc flw r c@<br />

logil' duing both run O.U€ a.1.9 C} tn t99-93, pN sM hiShcn ce logdr<br />

(2.33 m) h4 dd d ri8'fic.lrly difq Aom pr,{. rli.s. tw ramon intaldim<br />

Bw 6rb*!d by pN,, piNr dd p,N, eirt! $dni@& siDit . @r k€rh. By<br />

@l[nt .rDp in P,nb 8'E jgnifc.fl niniM 6r hgh (r.87 rn) rrd E<br />

p|lccd€d by du ii P:)16 P:]!lr lrd PrNc n p.dtuly. A dndd ttod of e' bgtn<br />

A"dy.* of qdrlin &d EgBid Siva ir rtg 4.1.9 A&B 3hoe l[d ddri@<br />

(r{.816 & O8l2) be{elq cft laBd' and rd@

---

T.hla 41.9 Ca L,tl| (r) oft'E.Ite a.f.d.d by.r&d pLrlils DrdqE.!d<br />

ldiat laEt<br />

r Eed.al'nr.tue).<br />

LSD<br />

B. N!! '|ut lol& (l\)<br />

& Bic.onporr @ 2||rn l<br />

N, NPK@t5Gr@r0oht r<br />

Nr Bic.ompott @ !0 i br +<br />

NPK @ 85G50 ra br<br />

LSD<br />

rsD<br />

t92-93 r9194<br />

0,tt3<br />

:.llo<br />

GtIl<br />

2.llb<br />

l,9Jt<br />

LW<br />

zllb<br />

l.8tg<br />

a25D<br />

2A<br />

2.!9.G<br />

2lltE<br />

ll9!<br />

LMa<br />

2.24<br />

2,r9<br />

2,1t9<br />

2,t4<br />

217<br />

2.lt!<br />

\tl<br />

2Al<br />

M.d folo*d ny diftnd rcr.. i" r "*^ c ;,s"it .Ay m" . I oos r.

---

1992-93<br />

1993-S4<br />

Fi9.4.1.9.A Association ot cane length<br />

gf augarcano with stripped-cane yi€ld<br />

stripDed-cane yield (l har)<br />

-336.83 . 201.09<br />

o.a$.,<br />

{x)<br />

Fi!t.i1.1.9.8 Associatbn ot cane length<br />

of Sugarcane with gtrippod-cans yield<br />

st.ipp€d-oane yidd Gt {)<br />

f.-425.75.223,32{X)<br />

r.0.612 .,<br />

Carc ht€th (trt)

---

a,r.ro wEtGllTsTlrPllD{rltur<br />

Tb &L 8ih ir Tablc 4.| l0 irdica.d dat F<br />

x t eDdti. intaldiod of *igh<br />

sripp.d@'' B igDift{.t t)r pLdinS pldeDs, erien tc\d! dd ftir<br />

In @p pl,,n d in tbe plr,ii'rg pd..Is Foducd sig'i6@E der6n wlgli<br />

si!'p.do*'dlirE 1993-94 (I.tilc a.l,lo A) hn pldri'ts p.na!t! t d . ls<br />

d8nifdd !ftd d uigh ssi!p.d@ r h lrga-9 In 193-94 eop rtrdld ir dr!<br />

se dgii!@d MinM wiihl slippcd..4j 0.19 kg) ad B6U.&d try rt8t i,r<br />

doblerew sdpr ed sinele rcs *ith I 12 srd t.Os tg wiSlr $dpp€d@i,<br />

Gpetvdy. Halia qG in pnrldrd c@ wre duc ro too8.r (rrbh 4. L9 A) .rd<br />

lni.t6 CllbL 4.1.6 A) crB bals oftishd ACGR (rabtc 4.2.3 A) ed AN R<br />

(Iable 4.2.4 A). Signiftca.r imw h ca,r Rlgtr dlle ro *ite sDoccd rcs of<br />

s€r6t h|r rbo b.qr Fabidy obslEd (NEdih.Ii d SiDgh l9sa, Aba,,<br />

1984., Sh.f .r 4I, 190, Npt, l99o dd Mol$4199t)<br />

Esh of li. bu tuliqr hvdr dFltd igiific.mt diftratr wiSht slripp.d*i ir<br />

borh rw! (Irbtc 4.t.r0 B). Dling l9l-9, $g'|qE 6b.d ui.t tb.@|,odr +<br />

NPK g'w dsni!6n Nitu *rst! *ipp.d.qFi (1.19 qd dd sr! &{o"rd by<br />

rhc in NP( alolr, bioonpod .lm lxl D &ritiarioo wirh L21, L 18 &d O.Sl tg<br />

wigln sripp€d{rci , rcp€diwly. In 1992-93, lqtd w rl|! ffi .G.?r i, @p<br />

eroM win NlK alod. tud bio@ipod aloE *rtich odih,r.d sltisiqtt se<br />

*rirfu E ipp€d-c.F'. ttc.vis oc ofcrcp nb.d wirh biosnpdr + NrK !@<br />

aldib.d !o longcr (hbb 4.t 9 B) and rhidG (Tabt 4l6B).!|.ssa^.stftof<br />

36

---

high.r ACGR (Iablc 4.2.1 B) ad ANAR (Tabh a 2 a B) lncia!. in ct E wight<br />

sin i,Er.* ii NPK llvrl 0iikls .. d, t9l) sd bv ,pdicdi.o ot o4rtic<br />

ft.rilE! (thdr ., 41., te86) !d dgDi. + idr!& &.iItsi (Otlrpdi! l99l)<br />

Sugltun. in wiN tE lrnqt iild!.lioN ,lso etw d8tliic.Jlly dife@t wighl<br />

rripp.d-anen nt boih FE (IrbL 4. L l0 c). ln 1992-93, ('op pld.d b PN<br />

Fodr.Gd hdk {idi iippcd@j (1.23 tg) hI djd !b. rigtifodv die' ton<br />

th.l in PrNa P,l\l! .rd PNr. By c.rmrr, sgrlte nird d Ptl$ cthihilcd tri.it|m<br />

*dght stnpp.d.l*r blt w sltistioly @ r pd wilh thd in P,llo a!!d Pliq<br />

rcapecliwly. A siniLt i:sd M! rcod.d in 193-91<br />

Cdrdllin lblrais (F'g a.Llo A&B) Cw $|I dt btio hdltar uiSb 3ri!tc+<br />

qF' rd sipt d@t yidd w igni6{.d tt d.05 h I9t'9 (.{ 191) trd l!<br />

p=0.01 in l9l-94 (r{.E57) '11$ indicdcd a stong Miation b(rlrd NiSlt{<br />

rtip9cd

---

T.bto a.l.to W.iglt slrit!.G@' (k) oriitt.d a d.d.d by di6.r.d pLdrS<br />

D.6.c dd ldifi la{!<br />

lt r.93 t9:t-94<br />

r- Pbd!g}...q'.(P)<br />

LSD<br />

B. Nltri't l6/dr (N)<br />

N' En}"@lG* @z)tht'<br />

N: NPI< @ lsMlxlllx) lg h.r<br />

Nt Bio@!.6r @ lo r n!r +<br />

N}K@7+5G50knrJ<br />

c. PXN<br />

tsD<br />

15D<br />

l.c,<br />

NS<br />

I.IDD<br />

tr3b<br />

1.19.<br />

o.rE<br />

0,7td<br />

t.lnb<br />

1.23.<br />

l.l2D.<br />

oci<br />

l.t2b<br />

t:tb<br />

tL9,f<br />

r.r?b<br />

o.?8!<br />

r.lrd<br />

0.?Jt<br />

t.t,<br />

o?5<br />

t.13<br />

t.t3<br />

t.t<br />

o,a2<br />

l.t6<br />

t.,l<br />

l.l5<br />

l.tt<br />

l.ltt<br />

l.lit<br />

l.rl<br />

Mru folo*d hy diftda Lr&r h . .or@ e d8niftldy drLrdr .i |L05 P.

---

1992-93<br />

1993-94<br />

Flg.4.1.1o.A Associa-tion of sugarcane<br />

weight st.ippsd-candwiih stripped-can€<br />

yield<br />

Stripp.d-cane yidd ola)<br />

Y.-54./12.<br />

r.O.793 .<br />

140.54 {X)<br />

03 o-a<br />

w€ighl airipp€d-cen€ (b)<br />

Fig.4.l.o.B Association ol swarcan€<br />

wslght strbpsd-cand with stripped-cane<br />

yield.<br />

6r.lppcd-c€ie yi.ld (tbl<br />

Y.-95.57.18{.e0(x)<br />

FO.856n<br />

wright ltrippod-o$d Gg)

---

a.l.ll IIIAf'f,IVEIGET<br />

'nE difrer€no. in l!!ln msh fn phtni!8 pd.ns, reian l.!* ad lEr<br />

inrd..ti@b.twr!@adrtldrsr. Gtedgniftal G.bha l ll) A!Eg.<br />

of trlaF dr! slbqd dEl dop ii 0c d.ttli"8 Ptn6 Itrt ignifiodv bdta<br />

rrr$ *ieh (I!bh 4.l.ll A). Sugtr@ in Pit!<br />

glE si9i66r Mitm t.dt<br />

wish of 9.58 r hr' ud B fo0owd by rh in dctt '@ r.b rd i'El los<br />

*ith tash *liSln of6l5 ed 5.a5 t htr, resp€divdv. DtrggB in r.stt wish of<br />

$g.lq& b .n pbnting F[@ *@ .eib.d Io wi$L rudtbs of 166 .d *.lk<br />

DoFJalih (d.r. rla FEn d).<br />

Alqige oflw }t|r't ddl indicrr.d $d ergtt!.E ds.d d fdr rulian bvdr<br />

drii.di8nifo y ditrdar tt J' !,.jgh (ICt al II B) Cm? tuiilir.d *idt t*><br />

@npos + NPK grds.d einM t tlh uigh of E 6? t h.r .!d w foldEd bv<br />

tlEl ois€d !!ng NPK aloE, bioonposl tlor !d m lklilialo *ith trlt *igltt<br />

of 8.m, ? 49 ltd 4. !O t h. r, E3p.dn/dy TL $|. tt trd s t!.fftLd in 199344'<br />

A€.ge oftqD<br />

't.r's.ld.<br />

indic.td dE! srg|r!.tl. in diftert trslrnoll iddndid<br />

ss detli66nt|y dieLd ErCr wish O*L dl.ll C) C,!9 h PlN Fod*.d<br />

sigdnst Miim tash wishr of 11.98 t htr lrd E follosld bv$d i" Pl}t<br />

PNL P:N! P,Nr dd Pt'L &!p.dhdy sidr lrash rrtgh of I I 02, l0 2q 7.15, 6'91<br />

nd 6.6? r haj. Ch llE @ !rry, Srrsttc in P]I,,|4 8.8 dgrilcd lo*ti odr<br />

*igli (3.27 t h!') tnd B pt ..d.d by tlld it P,No dd PaNc r€tpcdivdv<br />

90

---

T.blc4l.rt Tnth rcistt (1h!-') of oSsu.3.tr.Ld tv dif,.Mt pL.ti'|! Drnad &d<br />

,rri. |.ril<br />

A. Pl.!&s P.tt ru(P)<br />

LSD<br />

E. mrriatlai!(N)<br />

N, Bi}.oDpdt @2orh.l<br />

N, NPX@ lslllal(tr&!.n<br />

r Eic@pG! @ rot h.' +<br />

NP( @ 7t5G!0 L! hr-<br />

C. PXN<br />

lsD<br />

t99'-9t l99!9it<br />

9.29<br />

5.it<br />

7.25<br />

1,n<br />

8J5<br />

9JI'<br />

5<br />

6tl<br />

3Jt<br />

5.91<br />

911<br />

LSD<br />

o32<br />

M.u folLrtd tt dil&rEt Lit .! i..ol@ G tirffor|y rli&Gdlt 0.05 P.<br />

9l<br />

/4.1f,<br />

,,t<br />

5.19<br />

l0t<br />

rlJ!<br />

rrL<br />

3.89<br />

5&<br />

3Jt)<br />

t71<br />

6.25<br />

6.15b<br />

otl)<br />

l.m<br />

|L2r)<br />

!.l2f,<br />

a,vli<br />

t.t5d<br />

tni<br />

t6!g<br />

6.08t

---

..I.I2 1016WEIGBT<br />

Yd x ri€dnd irnordon of toF uieh ut mniSlifqd for daiia ldrsru'<br />

nffEm tcvdr !d tun i,Ida.ti@ O.de a.l.l2) Avolg. oftwGlsB drL sl$*.d<br />

ltrt saec.lE in tlE pldriig p.!.'8 lEd igiilodlv dtr.'sr b?s xish Gtbb<br />

4 t 12 A} Crcp i. pns pro

---

T.tL.dr-r2 Tooc *ittt C t r) orrua@ ! rltu ty rI*td. pb.i4 D.Lds rd<br />

nr'ia!Lw&<br />

l9Lt! t99l9rl<br />

A rblai|t P&6 (?)<br />

LSD<br />

& xldcl l64L0l)<br />

N' BiHomport @ 2.0 t hr-'<br />

Nr NP( @ l{tr@rm E h.r<br />

N, lio{!p.d@ rotb'+<br />

NPX@?t$s0l!br<br />

C. FXN<br />

257<br />

l&? m2<br />

ta2<br />

2t.r<br />

A2<br />

l!.6<br />

?t7<br />

16l.<br />

0.tb<br />

rJ.'ld<br />

2t.1n<br />

15J.<br />

LSD o,o<br />

tJ.9<br />

21t<br />

31.7<br />

ltt<br />

19.9<br />

b,4<br />

t2.0<br />

163<br />

lal<br />

19.9<br />

laJ<br />

3r.0<br />

112<br />

21.0<br />

2i.r<br />

t1a<br />

l9t<br />

21.a<br />

t42i<br />

3r',7!<br />

20,19<br />

22l/!<br />

t2.tl<br />

l7.li<br />

',9I<br />

tll2<br />

M.u ,.loD.d Dr dllad ln6 i. . .du e.rr&-nry .tid.da r O.tE P.

---

(Ir3 TJNSTBIPPED4\N!YIETD<br />

TIle iitdadim b€rlq tst x t@llEn for ltdtiPP.d{e viid uu i8nifcan sr<br />

pl&lins p€r€.4 Nlrid't l*€b !d $er ittaadiG (tad. 4 I I I )<br />

Sugr@ b lh. ttlF da lts ptn@s dlibLd 3i9i6@r.lv ditrqe* udetipp'd-<br />

ce yidd dtitiS hoth tas G.bL 4 l l3 A) I! 192,3 i€'c.f n pd! grvt<br />

ignif@i eEi.r u l1ipPcd

---

4.2.3 B) $d AI{AR (Iablc 4.2.4 B) $ i! .vidq! tun srot! qdgtn of# caEs<br />

(t ble4.l.l0B),lop.olbh4.l ll B).rdtra$(I{bba.l l2B)<br />

s|A.toE goM i. rl ftatlEr i ddd ge '{gni[€dy diksr ueilpc4<br />

u'xyildd.'d"shtl'trs(ldc4 | |IC). In lr.r-el,l'oppisrl d tlil glw<br />

d8!i6et hi8ls. ordipr.

---

Tr!|a{l.rJ Ullrrirt d @yi.ld (t b-') otrlrttu !.ltd..l bt d&t!t rtr.6t<br />

oddu ad !urri.- ld.a<br />

A Pltr.ir! Ltt d.{l)<br />

LSD<br />

B. Nltri.nlld.L (x)<br />

Nr AiD@Dpod @rtb'<br />

N, trPK@ lSclilrttllt br<br />

N3 Biccdtct @ tO t b-r +<br />

NIK @ 75"5e!oht '<br />

c txN<br />

lsD<br />

lttt2-93 t99l9a<br />

l33S<br />

l12.<br />

t.1l<br />

l6b<br />

I,siD<br />

t6 2,45<br />

M.e tolox.d by .If.rd Ld6 b . cobr m iar6.-t drtrr r oa5 P.<br />

1.12<br />

20<br />

lor,<br />

53t<br />

|lr23<br />

r.d5<br />

9n<br />

2t1h<br />

7tj<br />

Itx<br />

r2&<br />

t7l<br />

ltl<br />

l0l<br />

l,ll<br />

164<br />

taz<br />

1t2<br />

132<br />

39<br />

toz<br />

n5

---

{.I,I' STRIPPEI}4ANEYIELD<br />

Yw x tralnd inrqa.1{n fit griptxiqtlc vidd ns ignifr@t{ for dttiitS<br />

parlqllr rutlis'l lcvd5 .d lhp]r inlerdiE (Ldc 4 l 14 ) Slgr@E glM it ltE<br />

ttue daduE pdrt N qhjbild @Bid€6ble variaion in sf ippcd@ vield dsd's<br />

borh !r.s (tru.4. Lt4 A) It t992-93 dop i! pG 9E trr$inb Eripp.4€E<br />

yield of 12l I h.' |nd w folto*ld bv ih.t in doubleN striF .d singL re$5 with<br />

dippcd.ca yidd of?96 ltd 68.5 I ht', n*..rhat On tE ga Pn dldrion<br />

glve t6 !d 7l% 8t!dd $riPP.d{re }idd tbti sip .d dt'8h @ pll,IllioN'<br />

sDedldv Crand mipp.d4 yi.ld h pit'pt! d@PBd@bn@ miuable<br />

IlG siir area Olbb 4.1.5 A) l6s d.l|t !'od,litv (d!l. tFt di!ph'€d) !d havE<br />

st'ipp€d caM (t!bh 4.l.lo A) s . @lt oflugha CGR (I!bb a 2'3 A) Md ANAR<br />

fT.t'lc 4.2.4 A} TlE 'e rlqi in sipf.d€E tkld s! !wd'd in 193'94- A<br />

liM i|ot* in dripp€d@ yidd ofsgal!@ wi$ inct!c,' in ow spa'ing hs<br />

ale b.at prwiolry rcpon d (Sht, 196 , Rrhi ./ d 1977 , N!'!bdli tld Sil8lr<br />

1982 , Alig, 19&., tLc, 1985., Sht! et 4I, l9O , Ndn, 1990 ' Molsi! l9l<br />

ard GiI, 195) rs. @lt oihc.li.t .nd n@ t|mts ofnnbbh ffi<br />

Sugrlce ab.d d fou dri.ltt kvlls qtibitcd ldg'lmddv .liferan lttipt'd@<br />

vidd ii botl],ids (LUc 4.1.14 B) DriB 192'91' clD g|tM Bin ho4tpoe +<br />

NPK poduc€d ligniEet hi8hcd dtipP€d@vi.ld of 115 t har6ds<br />

'{.r.dcd<br />

by rl|l in NPK at!.c, hio@npoE aldE dd m idtilialron win<br />

$ippcd@ i.ld of lcn, 93.5 sld 4? t ha', i!3pcdi!dv. Ciop ftlilized sin ti><br />

@mD6t + NPK NPK tlorc tnd bio.tmpod tloF gare l4l, I 16 td 98 o/' hisls

---

dnpp.d@. idd @hpa..d 10 conml F-s.h miil'1l lcw! ,jgnjfiqailv inq!8€d<br />

drirD€d oft yk{d oq dE Dl!..dilg levd dE to stan6 u q ofnld' 6G<br />

unif' @ (tabL 4 I t b) !d wiSht $dpp.d{$ (Iabh a l.l0 B) ii tlF 69'criw<br />

Dl'i.d Ltd! b@u!. oflishq ACOR Gthb a.2.3 D) rd AN R (Itue 4 2 4 B)<br />

'tha etu tod in {dPPcd@ yidd 6 @nldl ii lt9l-94' Signili@l ircrellc in<br />

stip9.d-crft yi.ld !y nm N !?Pliqrioo Nai.t cl, 1992), ilEE$ i' P<br />

farilanid (PaDd .r ai, l9l), ifttE$ in K lpdidrioD Oidd !d Aj€"d<br />

1986) lith ne in N ldtl (Basdds ,t al, 1989 !.d ,rr{b.l !d ClFc|

---

g.oM in rdpsnd singL o*s, rBp*tivdy MditiM dnPPcd@cidd in Pits $th<br />

bilEmto* + NPK y b. du. io @@lsnatl$y .f.cl of pLating patm ed<br />

nutdor laelon numhcl ofmillablc cas unlr atc.r (Iattc 4 t 5 C), hcivicr stripld<br />

clB (Ta!b 4 I l0 A) du. !o n@ loE0,y (tabb 4.1.9 C) a'd thick dB (T.bL<br />

4 1.6 c) s a<br />

'€$lt of hid|€l CCR (Tabh a.2.3 C) ed ANAR (Trble 4.2.4 c) on<br />

.vqig., cripp.dol. yi.ld wSrat r,y2e i l99t-94 t'$t''' i^ 199293 L<br />

Sratd ntippd..e yicld in t}. fo|E y{ s d!. io mrc 6!u!bL clid'.lic<br />

.qdnioN sd s tqnpqrnF, nii&ll ad RH (Fig3.2) duiis lh. GCP while d€<br />

.b.aB,rj@.d clin dc Ado€ d& eq! im Aq$k dli€ de pltlsiolosiol<br />

lfuity of rlE @p 6 lo* nititl@ .!d BinM taDFd!., 6 ni.&[ .d<br />

bw RH lnid \m I& FElrlg|t it 193-9 bol ml in l9t2-93 (FA l.2I ii{'.as6<br />

NAR by @drg t!d!di6 in dE'!+id..y ls of pl'daosiidd6 (,tdtl|uE<br />

l9t9).<br />

Cord.fd of$glrc5t b6rr!.r Eu q ofii.ttod.., ittqEd.l ktgd\ €E<br />

sird\ c$c lllgl! drm lddi, milil. c.i€, wiSh ditt +e't', 14 CC&<br />

ANAR or SY lltd $ipp.d{E yidd hdicd.d ! ercls td.lbdiP. It I flds<br />

$pport d by rg!.do'r lidyda trlicl slFrld . ldlttg desdqE ot $ip9.4€re<br />

i.ld @ rtlc .bolt nq)dodld cond&d t!it!.

---

Tdlaa.lra S{.ir..t cc ti.ld (t [r{) of ot,re !.|l.rql !t dcia dtda D.rl.d<br />

t d dtita Lvrr<br />

rmtt t9l9a<br />

r" ndaP&-(a)<br />

lsD<br />

t N.rLrL*E)<br />

N' BiG.o.td @a)lr!'<br />

Nr NPK @ Irttol|! b lr"<br />

N' Eb-..do.d @ I0 t i." +<br />

NPK @ ?tsnsl, ls bn<br />

c. PXN<br />

LSD<br />

tsD<br />

lll.<br />

t$<br />

a12t<br />

ltE!<br />

ll5r<br />

l.lit<br />

56Ji<br />

l',.<br />

lJr6<br />

$9i<br />

&.!r<br />

'?2n !rrt<br />

at9t<br />

n.Q<br />

t.tl<br />

loitb<br />

lro<br />

@a<br />

llt<br />

I30l<br />

lr3i<br />

l',.<br />

I'lb<br />

9ni<br />

lof<br />

ta<br />

at tt<br />

90.4t<br />

llDt<br />

2r.9<br />

6<br />

94.9<br />

1L'<br />

l06<br />

l16<br />

t!0<br />

at<br />

l€<br />

t16<br />

st2<br />

lc|<br />

llt<br />

,|3J<br />

1t,7<br />

o,1<br />

rb! 6!or.d br d&rd ld6 i...b d ittr dt (t&nr dC|E L

---

12<br />

a.zl<br />

PBY$OLoGrcAL<br />

LEAT AREA INDEX<br />

rdiodic d|!! Ft iing ro Lrta6 ildq (L r) of$8!rce i. difcEnt<br />

pLrtirg 9lrldB.!d 4lri.d tadt nt d.tid.d in FB 4.? I Thdr sE tilible<br />

ditrNnccs ii LAJ of th. croP in dif€fen Plt ilg Plttd rnd nultiltti lcvds<br />

durins both ys. Thli€ ws ! p.oE*is @r.e ir LN up to tlE .td of th'<br />

si.ld srowd, Ph.$ (G4. h 6G b.Siming difa!|B iI I-4I .@ng wi@'<br />

plsrtirg pltta$ dd nffial t.vds s4 14 viliblc Bti ltd o'| uE<br />

.liffMccs be.m progr.sliv.ly motc p.orooncld up to tn end of Srlrd<br />

groMn p€tiod (GCP) follo*td by . declim i. LAI toMds Phvliologicd<br />

nEnriy. Th.lrEd of LAI s liEibt i! bolt vqs llo9wq' qop 9v'<br />

gr.aler LAI h 199!94 thd in 1992-93 This w$ duc !o mrc avoablc clitndic<br />

ondilio.r, viz , nor€ r.inf.ll $d lighcr RlI dudng 1993-9't rhd lhos in | 992-<br />

93 (r,s 3.2).<br />

A! lh. plutilg pttl4 dd rutj. lewlt prcducd lignif@t tv diff€rat r'AI<br />

dding both t@5 (TaU6 4.2 1 A) Howeq ln. cf-t of tsr o' I-AI *s mn-<br />

sjgnilidt. On 0s bsb of rqo-)t B &qi8e drt.' $gnce gom in dB htd<br />

thc Minuh t-AI of s?5 lnd w$ foloeld bv th|l i! doublcro* oip !d<br />

siryle rcw pl&tatioi! which sdtibited LAI of 556&d472, @p61ivdv l!<br />

wious pbltitrg pan@ ditr@ti LN slv b. @it'd to wirbL lc'f logd\

---

Ierv€. n lLr ed s.ft poFlhtion mt (dat tot sltoM) Sug@ shored<br />

i!t.i!e h thc l-{ $ | @ll of *id. sP..Gd rc* (lwie d, d, ' 1980 , Mtli tod<br />

Sin8l! 198E., ud Gill, l99t.<br />

Crop ois.d .t ditrd41 rutid lels dso dnibn.d signi6*t diflffit LAI<br />

ClrbL 4.2.! B). AF g! of two-y4 dat ildi.rr.d In ! d8ljte tc.6v!€<br />

bio.onposr + NPK prcdqc.d iSri6c!trly ldsh.r L IofE05 follo{cd bv NPK<br />

alon , bio&mpdt .loE.nd rc fcniliz{id win LAIof?.14, 641 etl376<br />

Bp*tivcly. Sinil.dy, h vatiou3 Nti. l*k dif.rcnl LN w$ ltdibed to thc<br />

gi@ ii pluting pd.@. Eg)t NK Enilit lot or $84q.<br />

6il.d in Irdq LAI 0i8rn.nd ltrho4 1986), h 3 tl5o dir.ctt<br />

proponional to fic atnolnt of f.nilia (Yadiv, l98l), sP€ifcallv to lhc<br />

nnrcgen l*€l (Lr!, !eel), .r nitioSd in@s iud ddity ad l€if nudbd<br />

(Y!d!v,l98l).<br />

A! r.gcdtto rcdFn @mbinaiod! (Iabl6a.2.l C), !v!.tgp ofteGv€.tt dal!<br />

showcd rnn crop pluI.d in PrNr Foduc.d mnm@ LqI (11.44) 4d M<br />

followld by thal ir P,Nr,. P,N, ud P,N,. r6pe.tlrc1y. By coi!63r. egarcm in<br />

PlNo qnibilcd rsEjncam snr!61 lAl €.20) 4d w ptt .dcd by that i! Prlla<br />

P!l$ .nd PrN! tw.6Ely. tt wiou |talbdn cdnbiDriotr wilhL LN mv<br />

bc .ttribur.d ro wi.ble pLnr FDrldior (d.r. rct pr4!tcd).

---

'| 992 - 93<br />

1993 - 94<br />

Fig. 4.2.1 Lifai.dlfferont planting palternl?fiiinutrient levels

---

T|!lq4tl ohus|@ s rft.r.d by .|ifi.!ql d&dtt pd.s<br />

.{ rl,qd.!P&6(r)<br />

a.<br />

LSD<br />

NPK@lsrrldllltrltLtr<br />

BiGdpoat @ l0l t.r +<br />

NIK @ t5-5trao ts hln<br />

C. PXN<br />

hxN,<br />

15D<br />

l5D<br />

tw'.93<br />

13t<br />

ttl<br />

at71<br />

6,14<br />

9gl<br />

5.10<br />

2,14<br />

3.61<br />

1tl<br />

992<br />

5.6l<br />

1.77<br />

&8<br />

9&<br />

toJ6<br />

tt57<br />

t[02<br />

t6<br />

st2<br />

6.19<br />

oll<br />

7.15b<br />

&o!ih<br />

0.2l<br />

rJ9t<br />

s.St<br />

67'd<br />

3l0j<br />

4J3n<br />

iltl<br />

Froovd w raaa **ar n.ol@! d lrFnondv dftt d.t oo5 P<br />

104<br />

o31

---

1.2.2 LEAF AR.EA DUB.{TION<br />

tdf '@ duradon (LAD) s(pl6s O. nag"itud€ .nd pdlisrde of lef aE or<br />

lotus duirg r!. pdiod of clop growih (G.rds, 1985). P6iodjc .Lb of dl<br />

plding pan6r! ed Nrridl ldcls @ d€gicicd (FiI4.2.2) for the y.s 1992-<br />

93 dd 1993-94, rc.p61iv€ly. h all the pl&ting p!i!em! dd nunicnr lacls<br />

visibl. ditr.|t@ in LAD of su8!@. llw obwcd gow€w, rh. dif.@*s<br />

b€mc no.c prcnourc.d as fi. cop trogre$.d rowsde physiologjcat ntluiry<br />

Tls. wa a @ inuou iml€e in LAD up ro c7. AtrtDugh th. m. rrdd M<br />

obsd in 1993-94, ovsill LAD w ldg.r ir t93-9:t dt r in lg2-9t. t1d,<br />

a du. to r@ ivo..!L clin ic @idnion! dz., mc 6iD6n .nd Rtl (!ig<br />

3 2) du.ing CGP fo. s8.,@c during thk yd.<br />

IrF di,l in T.!le 4.2.2 fo. lsr<br />

x ft@[ ilnqdtoo fd rjD @ miali66ll<br />

ror plNniing patlsnr rutri.n lorts ard dEn combin riN Avmgc ot rwcrrjrs<br />

datz indi€L! th.r sg{s. ptsred in rhc panm g!rc 3ignit@rty difqor<br />

LAD (Tablc 4.2.2 A) Crcp in pit pldilrior cxnibit3! ligtrifcar! loagd L{D of<br />

1273 dats and w fottMd by rhar in doubterew,rrips &d lingl€ ros wli.h<br />

8av€ LAD of 831 d.yr .nd 705 d.t!, relp.cliv.ty. V&iabte LAD i! wious<br />

pldtinA partu ey b. anntured ro tg 6@rty ditr hr magDrud. .!d<br />

pdsin.@ oflafu.i dudry rh. Friod of@p growlh (d4r rcr pr6arcd).<br />

105

---

Tb! obsrdioa td LAD ol pndlrld n .tt!.ds i lonSq lhe for &!<br />

plat lion 0dnc ,r al, 1980., l,ftli ed singh 1988., ed CaI 1995) h$ b.m<br />

su8rce in vdioqs ffi.idr l4.k sldljlcd isdtq||l LAD. Gaue 4.2_2 B)<br />

O. dE b..ir of teo-ysri .r.!gc dna,crop g|!m eirh bio-coEpod + NPK<br />

ge! tgdfcsr tMihu t-4D of I 180 .tay! fottow€d by $d pith NpK don ,<br />

biG@pos dotrc .!.t m ftrilird@ *i& L D of to47 , 943 ad 575 d!ys,<br />

r.spcctivcly. Dtf.ror LAD in wiow nwicrr lcvctr @y b. uiibu.d ro v{irbto<br />

mrgnitude .!d paina@ of ldf '@ duinS d|. psiod of dop grcrrh (d.r! nol<br />

!hom). IIsld LAD i! hio-c!6posl + NPK nty b. dE io blEopon hrvi.g<br />

sfficid,t @@nr ofk Cr$L 3.2) b.cre @fthrion b€rw6 LAD |nd k-<br />

rdriliz.d $grlqE *! eB iig|litorr by lhc in rc.dvirB @ k (Cole rd<br />

Awng. of t*! yais dau ildic.r.d rhr $g.firE in djftr.,! rqrDdr<br />

Dl@ctjoru .xhilit d diEcr.nt LAD (IrUc 4.2.2 C) . Crep in pN 3ho$Ed<br />

n8nitqd !uir!|E IlD (1665 d.yr) .nd ur fouoetd !y ris b &Nu p,N,, !d<br />

P:Ns reD€rvrly, By ol!.asr, $8!lw pt4t d h p,lto ee cigd6@d low6t<br />

LAD (492 d|'6). IE di&!e ii LAD rerg wio||r naltEr bl€rlcro. w,<br />

du. to dif€rc!€ in nlglitu& ofLAI, ..hicvd duing thc p6iod of@p srowrb.<br />

106

---

1992-93<br />

1993-94<br />

l** tl<br />

1 t//<br />

1[l<br />

a<br />

@r-<br />

Flc. 4.2.2 LISEf dif terent ptanting pattern?dTutrlent tevetg

---

LDlaa, L{ra dlll'do (dtF).a!!r,tc s.r&.r.d r, dn ddrdaDddr<br />

ud rdrirr Lr*<br />

A.r!&tldii!O<br />

B.<br />

c. P-I N<br />

P:XN'<br />

LSD<br />

' ni,i;i-l;iig<br />

NPK@ lsdlqll||tl k rrj<br />

licorroa @ 10 . Lr +<br />

NPK @ 7t5C50 le h. I<br />

I('t<br />

5n<br />

lllt<br />

ttl<br />

la!12<br />

slt<br />

@3<br />

79<br />

ar9<br />

lE<br />

5,|'<br />

631<br />

t,l3l<br />

&t3<br />

l|lt<br />

r2!o<br />

l165<br />

,t2<br />

lart<br />

l66l<br />

$n<br />

575<br />

953<br />

lrE3<br />

t167<br />

56t<br />

dt6<br />

lsD<br />

Mo6 e.o.td rr de.!d 6db;G;a@G;iGI<br />

t3tb<br />

291<br />

llr&<br />

a96i<br />

42!'<br />

tu<br />

at4<br />

6flh<br />

7aa

---

4.23 CROP GROWTB RAIE<br />

Crcp grc*{b ra. n trr g.h u *igb ofa 6EE'iry ofdlrb o! . on of hd<br />

u . rnit ofdft_ v$trbitiry in ga|cric por.rd.t dxt €ficia|l diliadon of.plticd<br />

'npltl i! : p.niote !d of .nvih@rr is indicar.d by ftp SDwrh ale<br />

(C..drcr. I9E .<br />

Drl! rdr.iring b 6. pdiodic.v!r.g. crcp Eo*rh r& (AccR) sc degid.d i!<br />

Eia4.2.t bt t9t2-93 ud r993_9a, ,.Acdndy. ACGR g&. ryPr.€t sig@i.l<br />

lrowth €4 itr t59l-04 bur nor h t992-93. In thc trla ya.. ACGR qhibi.d .<br />

s.cod dk duing c7 rnd d*lirc .l c6. Mlrinm ACGR wa! r..ord.d during<br />

G5 in both yqB which we duc ro @$ &d@ groM! sn8. or,ugs@ i...<br />

OGP,<br />

Yd r r!.hcd ilia..tio6 br ACGR w|. |edgDirc.d lbr pbdi,,g prtd4<br />

Ntricll lctds dd rh.ir &ssoci ioru Crabt 42.3 ). Art.|g. ofr*o yar,s dlrl<br />

indicded rhNr thG tlr.G phDriig ptn..B odu.bn€d liel|i6c.nr dif.mr ACCR.<br />

Crop plsnt.d in pits dhibir€tt litdjqm hishelr ACcr. OO4 I nn d, ) .!d {!s<br />

fo[oecd by rt|tt i! doubtr.6w drip, .d dlgtc toB *,t cn prldlccd ACGR of<br />

4.23 !d 3.lo I n{ d, rdpccrivdy. rxc EiSt ACGR ii wiru pturin8<br />

p8u.nr "s prcb.uy d@ ro lisridorty dif.r..r dllt popuhio, o,(dar. nor<br />

ditpbrrd) dd SDW (I!bt a.1.3 A) in rhe dop Sros,rh period uD tit<br />

S!8atuc 6ird in pils 8rrc higll. ACGR rld tt r of !1 p@!e !! . r€$tr of<br />

lrri.bL !..!. popurdidt .6cior uritiation of r[ inpd! ad rchtvc|y b€ d<br />

nr6o ctiD.t (Mrli ard SinSir |9EE.,lldG|! 1995) hrs b.or na jor.d...iid.

---

!utuc.'c 8.oM lirt lh. fo(t, ruri.d tcvd! Fbduccd liSrifcrdy dif..ld<br />

ACGR Clabto 4.2.j B). Anrrg. ofte!-y.rr! dal! stowqr ih.l crop grown ]irh<br />

bro-cohpod + I,tr'K 8!E ds j..|Ity tig!.r A@R of6.?5 8 n, d, u.t B<br />

fonowd by $ar i! NpK d.r., bio-conpolr .tom ard ,o fedilizdion wirh<br />

ACGR of 5.57, 4,18 hd 2.t4 g mn d', cp.drydy. Di&rar ACG& in<br />

ogellF 6i'.d ! wics olri.or bd! qu rsibcd r. vrrlDlc mgriid. of<br />

SDW (T6tc 4.r.3 B). c.ans ACCR of ,!8rrcs Ei!.d wftn bioanDod +<br />

NPK r.y b. drc to Fr.r!i@ &titirq ofbort eu!6 s por!6r!E &iitir.d<br />

crcP 8N€ hgh6 CcR !y 0E! I - m por.4rju (Coh& ed Arn!!,!gsj}<br />

Arrong 1rqliiq iddlcrion qop ptr cd itr p,Nr €*hibircd siSrilic&&<br />

D|xinu ACGR 0Oo7 g on .f! ) Dd s! fotow.d by tl|!! wiil p,Nr, pN,<br />

ard P,N, r€{€cliv.ly. Ditrcrd., lnong ltl. hllei th@ ramd a!!ocn;o6<br />

lr@ d& dgri6o,n Ey qrn4 $g..€e i, pira &E d8!d@a bidnh<br />

ACGR (1.86I n, d) ald w.! p,reded by0[t wir[ pN. sin ACGR of2.32<br />

8 r' d | . dift.a. ACGR wr, du! ro vriaH! SDW (Lbi. 4.1.J C).<br />

coEdllid (r{.989 &.=0.98t baw| ACCR !d dipp.d.@ rUd B t|i8t,<br />

rigtit.ld (F.oD in bd y!.r, (fig 423.C & D} Ili! i,dir.r.d a ldoig<br />

Elllioodtip b.twqt ACCR. ed dipp€d_c.i. yi.ld. It m! fdl!. &ppoi.d by<br />

..g6i)t| ldlyir (Fg a.2.3.L&a} !fi.L tucFd . ,q dqcnd oflrirr.d<br />

EE yi{d oo ACc?s indiairy lhlt !!a!n€al inl{lodo ofgls'rw|c navrS 8r.alq<br />

ACGR (I!bL 4.2.3) grw tig[- eiD!.l,-@ rud (tr!.41.14]

---

1992-93<br />

1993-94<br />

Fig. 4.2.3 CGR at differoni planting patl€,ns & nutriEnt levels<br />

ul

---

T.ih.42.3 Atus. cmp srorrh rrl. G mn d,) orsulrftr. s.ttirLd by difi.rcd phdiq<br />

p.afda &d!!tri td.l<br />

t,t.93<br />

B<br />

NI<br />

T.sD<br />

,nl4!4!,i*io). ]i.,.,,<br />

NPK @ lscllxll||o k [. r<br />

Bin 6!od @ r0 a [rJ +<br />

NPK@?35ll5okr.r<br />

IlD<br />

c txN....,........<br />

!93<br />

'J'<br />

1.?9<br />

lrt<br />

,(59<br />

Sltt<br />

c95<br />

861<br />

13<br />

lr7<br />

15t<br />

lJ6<br />

t,o<br />

ua<br />

!.t9<br />

&t6<br />

4.42<br />

t26<br />

9,42<br />

,t r:t b<br />

ct9<br />

t 3t<br />

E,IE b<br />

a.t9 t<br />

t6, d<br />

116j<br />

106 t<br />

a7Jt<br />

r$.<br />

LSD<br />

tr38<br />

M@ rolw.d br dd.d. Lt!.n iri duu;@ ditEMt.r oos P.

---

1992-9S<br />

1993-94<br />

F19.4.2.3.A Associatlon ot average<br />

crop grolr,ih rate with strirped-cane<br />

yirld<br />

Stripped-cene yi6ld (t!a{)<br />

Y . 23.aO . A.3l (X)<br />

r.O.98e n<br />

Fi9.4.2,3,8 A3sociation ot ar€rage crop<br />

growth raie with stripped-cane<br />

yield<br />

Strlpped-can€ yield (rb{)<br />

Y . 24.38<br />

110.g86 ..<br />

a 6 6 T l a r0 ea1!'<br />

Avrr$6 crop groryth rd! Gmrdat')<br />

123464' Awrugo crop<br />

3 o ofie€1. 15<br />

gfowth raro Gsrd.y)

---

.,4' AI'ERAGE NET ASSIMTLATION RATE<br />

Ner .$iiil|!id Bt€ (NAR), h rh. na 8.in of $siniid.!, trFltly phorGrlllheriq<br />

p€r unit of leaf lr€a ed rine (Gatdn6, 19E5) Srdisrid anrlyli! of 0E dar!<br />

pditug to as!g. nc dihit.lion na (ANAR) e giM in Tau! 4.2.4. y@<br />

r r.ah.nt irtdlcrior for ANAR w li8!if6r for 9t4tin8 patrc'r!, ,utridt<br />

ldds a.d rhcn conbiEtions (Tabb a.2.4). Sugarcanc gown in rll€ rt ce<br />

phntjng patta4 qhibird ligoidcrd diftr.or ANAR duirg bol! ,wr Oablc<br />

4.2.4 A). lLlt tio! i! pi! Fldued ri8rifdlr uinM ANAR of Ll8 .!d<br />

L26 8 m I dr ad l!! fouo*d by dt t in doubtalo* snips dd singlc ross with<br />

ANAR of LIo, l.t9 |trd LOj, l.to I nn d!, driig 192-91 &d 199_94.<br />

l.Aeiv.ly. Pit drdrlio. rnd doullcfl srb5 ltso dgifc&tly diftrcd nom<br />

.rd ol!a. Slcl wnbdiryi! AN R of a,8a@e ii wiou! pt td,A p!l&.E h.!<br />

b.6 tllitor.d lo wi.btc SDW .rd lrD (CiI, t99j).<br />

Sl'gueie ni!.d rt fou rutliar tcvds.dutit d sipifcad Ord.rc.j i, ANAR<br />

Cr.!b 4.2.4 a). rn ts924j, @p fcnijjz.d wirh bio-coepolt + NpK grE<br />

signifitui bgl€d AN R (1.2? g mn dr) dd w folow.d by rhr *irt l\?K<br />

alone bio{oopon .ton. and ro t ritiarion Birh ANAR of r. rs, l t l, O.E5 g nz<br />

d', rdpelnety. Th. ee ftnd h ANAR lls ob!€rild in t993-94. Th.<br />

wi.bility in AN R of sgr.cs. in dtr rdt tuEiclr tcvds rvs atrobor.d to<br />

wi.bl. sDw Oabl. 4. L3 B) .nd LAD (rabtc 4.2.2 B). Sug,,c&c srvr nigrcr<br />

u4

---

ith bio{onport + NP( ' y b. du. !o k rvdbbilty fom both 3otll6 b@!!e<br />

wh€n crop r! f.dilind virh k higlw NAR *'3 Epon.d !y that in rec€iving no<br />

potsiln (Col@.!d Am.11985)<br />

A! th. L..lnqn i .rudo! dlo grv. siSritcan difqqt ANAR duilg borh<br />

y.s T.!lc 4.?.4 C). In 199-93, !u8|rc:n. in rrN pro&e! sigdf.st<br />

'winm ANAR (1.342 8 nn d' ) dd w fouoerd by P,lL , PlNl , PN'<br />

l,\, PN, P3N, , PN! , r'N,, ltlo $d P a r.sp.diEly. T1E dift'ffi of<br />

ANAR in v&i@i rc|ltBt inLr|qiq w.! du. to wi$I. SDW CTalle 4.1.3 C)<br />

ed LAD (I$lc 4.2.2 C). A iinihr l|lard i! ANA& ws folrd in 193-94.<br />

llo*!q. oqdl ANAR Mr 8tldtr in l99ll44 lhlr thd i! 1992-9. tus<br />

ANAR in 193-94 el' duc to mor. nlotlblc t drp.ritle, hisbs RH lad nore<br />

tlqulri nioe! duidg CCP tlE iL lqp.ciE diDri. d@5 i! 199241.<br />

Beidca loE tiii|nJn D.l MitrM tatE6.nlr .!d ltd( of 6ii&ll Bitb low<br />

RH .! &c rhyiologiol rllllrity of$gncrlr i! 193-91 (lig 3.2) DiSh ldc<br />

.rl'aft€d ANA& Sud aiMh.!tu| cldrlirion hav. bc.a r.pond to $pFs<br />

CG& hn @hec. N R h &gar|. (BLdd'ra l98a)<br />

Cddalion b.iitar ANAR |'d dipp.d-c,!E ytdd (F'&4.2.4 A& B) w! li8iilcad<br />

d P.{.01 duins 199.93 (F{.989).Dd 199-94 (|{.985) ftit lhdr€d ! d@s<br />

&locialon b€twlc| ANAR arxl $dp!.d.€rc idd. ftis s!5 ndhr confriid by rlE<br />

rc8re33ion dulylir (F'9.4.2.4 A&B), dtich lhosd a srdE d.pddd.c orsrbpd-<br />

cor ridd d A.rA& Tlu $gdifl. tedlqt id..rdioo virh o E!.ed ANAR<br />

CIaUc 4.2.4) plo&ed higha lailpod...nc yAd o.bL4.1.14).

---

.!L {lJ av.nt dsidni..ra.Goid) olot tt&s.ftd.dbrdcrd<br />

cid-t P.iiqu rd !!!ri.t l-rlt<br />

tttr93 l,9!ta<br />

,. ri,6r?d@r'(r} .- '',<br />

t<br />

LSD<br />

.. Ndtrt4to9 ''<br />

NPK @ lall!@ll,o kt hrr<br />

Bi@dpo.t @ l0 r tt' +<br />

NPK @ 735lt!0 laa h.'<br />

c:.....lI.l!..<br />

lsD<br />

urt<br />

o.lb'l<br />

l.ltb<br />

t,21.<br />

t.lrb<br />

1.10.<br />

o.tDs<br />

l,rtd<br />

!.19c<br />

r.z|b<br />

t,!r.<br />

OG o.dvl<br />

M@ tu&r.d !r deir bar i r du * 4ditay alratr I au r.

---

1g)2-SS<br />

1!X)9-94<br />

F8,4,2.4,A Assochtlon of arterage net<br />

assimilalion rate ot $gErcarc with<br />

etrDped-cane Ybld<br />

St iog€d-caB yiold (ti$<br />

Y . -117,84 .<br />

F0.888 r<br />

€6.06 (X)<br />

Avrr.g. n.t $rlmlllrbn rat! Gnnday') .<br />

F19.4.2.4.8 A$ociation of ar,srage n6t<br />

a$imilation raie ot $garcane with<br />

gtripp€d-cane yield<br />

Stripp.d-crn. yi.ld (tla{)<br />

Y.-291.64+34150<br />

r.0.933 -<br />

o: o/. ol ol r r, L16 rl 2<br />

.tr!r.s. n r ..l|m !l|on ..t3 G Er drya)<br />

tl,

---

{15 EARVESTMDEX<br />

nlrrBr indq GrD r€d6r th. proFni@ of rrlinnst disr,tqtql b.t9q<br />

ecomnic and total biomait (Dondd ard ttunblq l9?5). y6 x tr€.rocrt<br />

trn.d.lid tu }lr u igi6ql|r fd pbdi'rg p.nqE, dnricd tddr ud rtri'<br />

iri.r.Elior! (LH. 4.2.5 }Tt rtF pLoli.S pardB sdjtrit d si8nifqdly<br />

diftrctt HI lilucs (Tabb a.2 5 A). In 192-91, suglrcltl. grcM in pits 8!ve<br />

si8nif{dy hish6 sI of 7z.l% $d s btkrti, by lh!,t ia do$t}row drios<br />

rrd 3i!81. os III oftJ.g ! t ?5.2yq E+.dndy tlE!@radinHI*6<br />

Conplc.ly difgar EI *r.c obsv.d.@rg erris! l.td, driDg bodr y4<br />

(Lbb 4.2.5 B) Dling lF2-93, al8uc'F nir.d $rfi bio-conpod + NPK grr'.<br />

sig.if6t highd t[ ol ?7.8r,a rd s follo*rd by rh wirh NpK .t@c bio<br />

@npotl llonc ard no &njliz$ion wirt Et of76.9, 75.6 lrd 72,p/.r respcctiEly,<br />

The l.,ttd thitc .ur.i€i0 tcvd. .te !igoi6c{,9 ditr .!d 6.@ o@ el!.r. SisiLr<br />

tr !d *|l obsild i! 199314 n N, &d N: t d.i,Ed ndnicrtv @ . D!, *irh<br />

Sug!r{. qirh v|riru rallm! ida.rio4 .te 9E .dirdy diftr.d Ht<br />

durug bofi )ru! (Iablc a.2.5 C). L 1992-9j, c.o! rr.ar.d wirh p,N, gltr<br />

rtgddc$t hqtmn Hr (?3.62t &d ws folw.d by lh.r itr p,N! p,Nr ed<br />

P,N trdich showd s&lisricatty linilrf HL Sugrrll plad€d in p3No €xhibjr.d<br />

b*sr HI of71.37. ..d E Flc.dd by $.1 i, pl Nq pr I{. an p, N!

---

€.9cdndy- Tf. '.m r!!d mr fo|[d i, 1993j1. Egn Hr b pn Lrr.d sro<br />

th.r w$ f.rrilircd with bio-{o,npod + NPK sar $.ribod to its Drxi|nn<br />

d.t'pp.d@ yidd ht ' GabL 4.l.14 C) @nP|r!d ro itut gtoM on &r *itlou<br />

f€.dliz.lion.<br />

Corr.hion *u liSlifEld !t p{.Ol fo, 1992-93 (r=0.S43) ${i!. n E<br />

dg.i6crd !r p{.05 for l99j-94 (r{.Zjs). Iti, indicd.d ! drols lrlodstiod<br />

b..Iq Er rnd rripp.d@idd €,8a2j"{ra} fti, eututq $r!6r.d<br />

by t!! r.gcdd &tdr (Fg aLsJle4 rdid, o!|iE.d . -!q d.?ad@ d<br />

dippd-c.e ri{d d HL Ttrl' r@r inaacid i! HI O.DL ar.5) g|,,r I [tE ,<br />

rddioddtip pith ldipp.d..li.idd O.U. a.l.la). Th!rcfoF, rrFrst indq {<br />

D.u$d aa p|rtbat6ri.dtEt3.t didft,drit Gd-c|eyidd<br />

ll9

---

T.blea.lt l|d.tild.t of $!rus.ll.(t.dbyd&rtdd rdig rdaB-d<br />

!!t i.n |.rtt<br />

^, n&tt's&{du(P)<br />

lsD<br />

E NdriraLr* (N)<br />

N' Ei@polt @ tll t h.l<br />

N: NIK O r5r!1@l@ la i.r<br />

N: Iti€@pa* @ rO t h.i +<br />

NIK @ ?t5c5l, LS hd'<br />

t5D<br />

C PXN :I<br />

hxN,<br />

lsD<br />

I'AIAJ<br />

.;,tt96<br />

0J3<br />

12Sd<br />

0.1)<br />

7ts<br />

1L*<br />

76ld<br />

TlJn<br />

t9.1b<br />

010<br />

79Jb<br />

It2l<br />

1r.5t<br />

164<br />

75rt<br />

|146<br />

M.r! rolor..l by .t{t nd. L.rd. ir r otuu c tdtrUy AiCmriGI<br />

7t3t<br />

rt6tD<br />

74,r2<br />

?8J6<br />

?!Jt<br />

785)

---

220<br />

Fi9.4.2.5.A Association ot hari€sl<br />

ol sugarcare with stripped-cane<br />

Strlpp€d-orne yi€ld (!ia{)<br />

index<br />

yield<br />

o 5 lo 15 r0 26 30 t! l(, ra alr 6a !o as ro 76 ao as 90 9!oo<br />

Harvalt irdcx<br />

r992-93<br />

220<br />

Y . -1005<br />

r.o.a43 ..<br />

Fi9.4.2.5.8 Association of harvest ildex<br />

of augarcane with stripped-cane yield<br />

strlpged-clne yt€td (!hr{)<br />

Y.-178O.21.02<br />

rro.758t<br />

o 6 n t 20 ,a 30 a5 ..o a5 !o 65 ao a5 ro<br />

Harvcd indgx<br />

1993-94

---

436 PT STOIOCICAL NUTRIINT E?PICII CY<br />

Y* X rr..rrpr irnd!.lioa fo. pnytologiclt eriar.6dd.t eND ru !e<br />

sisni!61 fo. pLdirg pat.|isj nqtriedt lerds $d th.ir onbi8do6 (T.ble<br />

42_6).<br />

IlE. s coilid€llble ditraacc h PNE udd nuriml l€vds flable. 4.2.6 B).<br />

On e lvdlgq c.op groM wilh biecmpod + NPK g!e. hig!.s PNE of 507 kg<br />

ta-' bur I or ! p|r rirtr drr sith NPK rbe Ay @d84 bio{dpod ato*<br />

dlibitcj low PNE of 39E k8 Lg ' blr did nor ditr ! ri8nifenty froo thar in<br />

NPK alon . I L didar rh4 spplic5rion of bio-compolr + NpK cnhanccd<br />

e6ci.ncy of &g!!t4 ro .@nd, . DM kg'' of Nrriat3 !b$rt!cd oq dat of<br />

tio..mpod.loe. rhur tio

---

Ay|utddLaiE- &bbd?fraird k'.Ft r d<br />

Iio{qo. (q!& eobr) ri|! }Ir 6ocd. ndn'd od lort of h.<br />

idrryi.tDt lnlfrtdrLtt@rdrn-ndltu-t!<br />

tt hb..d cr? !rir. I raf !. .dd.d fi |r.oqoa b.r..d 6.<br />

.fi dry dlrt* sdhr d Ftlt by nFft s t A-!ffi<br />

pmp..rb otrri. roll Grbt 3.3).

---

T.bL,f,2.6 lttdrnoicrt rrrt d dtl.ta., (t ! !S) d!S.,l4, de.r.d !y d|t'sa dsd g<br />

rr!.d !d dd t6rl<br />

a rtdqlrdnr8)<br />

B,..]vFi.dki!i.{D.,<br />

& rb...r- Cl r0.r.-l<br />

x, Nlx @ t!Gr0Gr00 kt l.l<br />

l{r lrosror6rctbJ+<br />

ntx @ 15-50.9 ra i.J<br />

I,sD<br />

rrd. rcrd.d by dtftqr lcE n . o-,. & itrltddr.n r.d ro.o! p.<br />

5aa<br />

tu<br />

szl<br />

ttt

---

13<br />

rr,3.t<br />

QUAITT TIVE<br />

SUGAA TEOOVETY<br />

Tlte .lara 8i6 i! Ttlc 4.1.1 rhos rl,r y.|! x ralm.d coebiEiid for $gu<br />

r-oqy (sR) w 'i8rjfddy.ft.r.d by pt diig Flrqu, ol'icd t€Ek dd<br />

su8,'te iI wi@! pldi'8 r.nd|! 8e ri8'jfqlit dirqqn SR duirg bod,<br />

!,c.s (I$L 4.3-l A)_ I! t992{3, qot8lDm inpit pro&c.d nui@li SR of<br />

8.99'7. hd l|! d I p.r sith th|t in ddtl|c mw dri$. Ay @@d, sop groh<br />

D<br />

'irslcrows dl'l,ir.d 0t EiDilnm SR bor did mr d8!if..n, diftr toD dor<br />

u doulb rcw !diD.. Atttotdh idits irad i! SR w obsvld i! 199-94, ya<br />

difqaEB andg rh. rhr!. pLtrti.g prtdr. wsc ripifcr,r. Su8 c|e 8mm in<br />

Md. sF..d row hd higtE qlo@ codd ttm i.lrw F...d rc*| (Si,€n .!d<br />

sirgh, 1984., &dcitl t99j).<br />

Sugattnc ..i!d r four ln|lrnt! b!,& pmd,rc.d dgn'6".i, diftftd SR drilg<br />

both y4 (T!U. aj.r C). I! t9C243, qop rqrld rir! bioadoar + tgK<br />

g.v. sigidc.rd nqh& SR of9.29{ !d w$ fottow.d by thr *irfi NPK .to6<br />

.!d bioodpor doc sirfi SR of8.75 ad !.6r,t, ...I,.dtdy. rtc t ta iwo<br />

rutricr l.dr \isc r"nnn-ry on. F, eith €..! ottd. crcp pt r,!ed wi0Dul<br />

efiitztri@ glE dgndoll Eilia@ SR of8,rz !o! dA @c ,gnifqdty d{fd<br />

nom tt t fe.ritied wirh bio_.ooFlr.toe. In lgl-94, dlln|8h eEc.iqt|y<br />

t'od i! SR w! rh. ebc s tlDr itr 1992-9r, ya di&E€ r|Mg th. forr<br />

t2s

---

nqtri@t 16d3 u!r. rigIi6cdn. SiSrifcudy diftr.nt SR ws fouid in rdous<br />

tr6tmet* tler.(rion dudng bolh rqt (IabL 4 3.t C). In 1992-93, ss.rcjnc<br />

6t d d Pr\ 8e iigni!@r wiiM 5R of 9.69l.. On lle c@!ty, do! ir<br />

PrNo dhibit d loq&i SR (E-l ). Siojl'r rEd i! SR Mr @rdcd during<br />

199-94, q.@ r|i ditrrlE€ |nbr|a tlE ran d ida..iid 9w mE<br />

pono@ed. During 1993-94, arg|'cre qhbir.d high.r SR the dDr in 1992-<br />

93 *nicl! B prcbalt d!. !o loe.r njDiM Dd r|!xi|!u ldpcllur€3 duing<br />

physioloeicd rutuiry of !us@. (rig 3.2) ehich rcdled CCR (!is 4.2.3 A)<br />

ed ors€quody th€ r..piorory lollca of$8!r *irhoqr any r.dlldjon i. ANAR<br />

GaUe 4.2.2 C). Cool@rhd d phydorogicd rutu.iy ha! ba..pon€d io b.<br />

tlF Dos. €tr*1ivc ripain8 €dr ir $g.tqc (An4 t9j9).<br />

rlgEr 5R in pn pbrtadon dd by d|. rpplic.lio. of bo$ bir-compolr + NP( or<br />

dEn iltq:diq (P!N!) oy b. eib.d ro bjglE Bix, pol .!d hdry Flan g.<br />

or caa. juie (dd. m1!toM). cra.r Bd(, pot rnd puity F.!nt g. my b.<br />

de lo bal&@ upi*.. ofDri.tlrr u I Barlr oflocrti4d llplicati@ off.nilia<br />

inpits &d addirio. ofboth bio-.o,npGt + NrK (a lich sule of po6!3iun),<br />

whjch inprorc sro& conreit of @. juic!. E heiig €f61, of tocdiuld<br />

alplication ofnulriot3 (Vcm4 1985), {d.pplisto, offLffqkc.lon (Ccorc<br />

&d Cairc 1989), +plic.lion ofdE .rDr!." dirjtdy dE ! (Kondo.f6.nd<br />

M.nin! 192), t riiirrli@ of ninogr! ald po[!l! (Se8di. rrag) .d biG<br />

.-n'osr + "irog@ (Nsir., d, t990 on qu.tity ofjuie t& ba D@io!.ly

---

T.Hc aj.l Sutrc.nry (%) oarrlre-d..t.itbt.dBratp|lri6g prdd!. &d<br />

ruttiol ldd!<br />

t92t3 199!9,1<br />

.d, ndtldarl9<br />

LSD<br />

B. Ndi6t ldl tlo<br />

..ir. ,.<br />

N, Bie..Aqt @ rO . bn<br />

N, NIX @ rtlloGr@ hg br<br />

NJ EiF@pon@lorn r+<br />

NP( @ 7l5G$ le tri<br />

c. .. PxN<br />

LSD<br />

tStD<br />

0Ja<br />

t7!6<br />

..'..],..'<br />

lrL6<br />

9,9.<br />

ql3<br />

9ltd<br />

9t2.<br />

loJh<br />

ojt 0.u<br />

-,,,:'r::,:::::ll:.<br />

Mgu folLr.d !, ditE .d tdidr b...t- .4tlrif-dly ditr,tddltos L<br />

127<br />

9ls<br />

aol<br />

939<br />

9A<br />

l.al<br />

9Jl<br />

lq0<br />

9.15<br />

Ln

---

1.'.2 SUGA.I' YIEU)<br />

TlE ulid. @|r|Ed.l prcdld of suttoe i! s3tr, td lh. i.ld of $g{<br />

sifl !B dctsd! or lh.5tripp.d..e yicld sdthc e@F @ncannion Y@<br />

x rr.aii.nt intendion for lugir icld (SD w sisnifcs! for Plrn&tg Plttms,<br />

Ntrius lwcL rrd thqr int n{riod fTlblc 4.3.2).<br />

Ctup h rh!. plrlring p.nqn! ge rdSrifodly died &gtr yi.ld duiDg bol!<br />

'qB Clabl6 4.3.2 A) DtdrS 199-91, $gncs. grown in pil' plodlc.d<br />

3igninont highd SY of ll t h.r lnd M follo*rd by that in doubleN drips<br />

ud sirSlc rcs sith SY of7.03 lnd 5.88 I hrr, sp.dively. Tlc aun trcnd w!<br />

@d.d ir 199-94. Vaillbi in SY lmig difRror DlatinS plldis I al$<br />

rcporld by rucarld and Cochn4 19E0., Irvh a, dl, 19E0., El-fdh\ 1986., I-al,<br />

1988., Su!tun adl Subtt|Ni4 1989., &d Gill, 195.<br />

Sugee in fou nd.i€||l lddr eAibircd !ig!i6c$rt diftrdt! SY in both l@rs<br />

(T!bL 4.3.2 B). Duiis 192-t3, mp Eild eftn bio@Don + NPK gare<br />

dgIliiqt hie!.d SY of lO.! r ht' .id 6 fotlo*.d b, rhll h NPK.loe bic<br />

@nttolt rlor nd m f.njlit lion sirh SY of 9.0t, 8.14 rd 3.93 r ht' ,<br />

r6p.dn!t. Th. !!ft l..nd y|, found in 1993-94. A [n.r i!|c|qs in $ge<br />

yi€ld 10 ircl6in8 fstili:$ion l€v.lr lu! b.qt pr.vioult report€d (Seeov4<br />

1989., (l|tr].ruNmy dxl R4.!.&r|4 199., Kondor&. .nd M!.lii4 192.,<br />

C.p6o &d Caire, 1989).

---

IlF w de isriEod diftqE i! SY .dong dift.6t l'alb€dt in&d(tror<br />

(I.U€ 4 3.2 C} SuSirs. grom with P'N, t& ligdfqd NinuF SY<br />

(15.4 t h.' ) srd qr! fo[orEd by dd in P,Nr, P'N, , P,]trr P:NlrrdP'Ne<br />

r*p.crivct. Thc l.tar tu! lr.nE in r..lior wlra daristicdt on a plt *it!<br />

q.! oder. O! lt co|f&y $s.|te in P.n Fod!..d ignifdd |o.l|a SY of<br />

3.06r h!r, .rd!|!prccedcdbydE inPilo ddPrNq Ep*livdy.<br />

D&.gr in SY lmng dift.d! ph i.g plttaq od.iqtt I.!d! sd lhlit<br />

iltqldion B lttrtun d lo dif.ttt6 ir rfippcd.c4 yidd (IaU.4.l.l4 ) lad<br />

s{rg,! lEdsy Ctrblc 4.3. D.<br />

As is clidct fo.n .o.da$n rlld<br />

coftelato! (.-0.99 & H.996)<br />

l€tlaio'l r'dydr giB in r's d32j&A-<br />

b€rlq SY ud 3tipp.d-@ i.ld w<br />

si8li6dtr .. p{.01 br totn FE. Tfi, d..r.d | ltug .lwirriD baeles<br />

SY ed stripp.d qn yidd this<br />

.DlF4 wtiqt ildics.d | lrotrg<br />

4.1.14)wio sY o.bte 4.3.2).<br />

t29<br />

wa tuthd luppo@d by th. rlEsion<br />

d.lioNEp of dipp.d-c.F idd Cl'lle

---

a.<br />

PrXNr<br />

P.XNI<br />

tbla,aJl Sursyi|tl (a lrr) oftlt.tted.&.r.d tt deda PLldtc<br />

rd dir Lrrl<br />

NPK@ rlGroclm lt b.a<br />

Bio-.Nton @ l0 t h." +<br />

NtK @ 79!c5O lr [an<br />

lsD<br />

LSD<br />

,rid<br />

,,rb<br />

t0&<br />

qJ'<br />

u&<br />

L2Ab<br />

3r9i<br />

1AX<br />

9.tBd<br />

t06j<br />

3.82<br />

66tf<br />

t3.3b<br />

l5.tr<br />

o2l<br />

6.n t<br />

ItJt<br />

55i<br />

lo.ta<br />

llltd<br />

aJ6j<br />

&ttg<br />

lo2l<br />

U.rc<br />

dal<br />

9,9'<br />

4.16<br />

llJ<br />

r!1<br />

lt!<br />

1.71<br />

t16<br />

919<br />

lll<br />

M.a folloEd br .IeEd |dor b . .c|n@ e iFif.dr d&tr r OG r<br />

3,71<br />

442<br />

l0,o<br />

p.l. dt

---

lo<br />

1992-93<br />

20<br />

1993-04<br />

Fi9.4.3.2.A Assoclatbn ot sugar yl€ld<br />

of sugarcane with strifped-cane yield<br />

Strippcd-clrF yi€td (b{)<br />

Y.6€1.1o.126fi)<br />

r.0.907 -<br />

OtaS.rta<br />

7 ! a otro€1. 16<br />

&isE yield trrn)<br />

Fig.,l.3.2.B ksociatbn ot sugEr yietd<br />

ot 8ugarcan€ with stdpped-cane yleld<br />

9tripp.d-cen yi.td (rla)<br />

Y . 13,59<br />

FO.AgO .'<br />

8(j9ar yl€ld C h. )

---

4a tooNoutc etta|-Ysts<br />

d...I NET ITTELD BEI{EFITS<br />

Na 6.ld bacit! (NFB) of sg.Jte.s.tr.lcd by ditrratt plann'g p|n.t$,<br />

nutriht lewB &d rlEn itltcddion is ai6 in Tablc. 4.4.1, Sus&ce in dl<br />

ph ing patloE ge ditrel.'t NFB CIlblG 4.4.1 A} Cop EoM in pits<br />

podu.lit Miem NFB ofXr 29oal rrd rr3E t '.!d E fouowld ty tl|d h<br />

doublc row sriF pirl NIB of R! 15507, 2?089 hd dd siiglc row wirh 9818<br />

dd 2U2B $'t, dsirg 192-93 lrd 193-94, r.+€cri!dy. L 1993-94, mp<br />

produc.d mrc NFB d€ to highq sippd.cs idd t' a..srt of nor.<br />

r.wdle rgrc-.linui. coditioB (rrS; 3.2) tur grc*rlt ,nd d.vcloplE of<br />

$8,rcec<br />

Crop ir $c fo.r rutir.ldd! sho*td wi.!L NFB (Ta!L.4.4.1B) h t92-<br />

93, $g&cre tnilizld rirh bio€mto.r + NPK 8|vc<br />

hiShclr NtB ofRr. 28343<br />

h!' &d $! foUow.d by th:r itr NPK d@ ed bio-cooDon .lone sill NFB of<br />

R!.20283 &d 1872t h!t, E pcqndy. otr rlE cotmry, dop wirt oot<br />

fdili:lion dlibilld nel los! oftu 3607 h!r. fthoud sihil& !!nd i. NrB<br />

w obr.iad duiig 193-9, F<br />

rF lon *i, |w!fi, flnl.t NFB w hi8hc,<br />

as a ruult of thc sanc Bon giv.n .tow for pl4ijrg pancrru.<br />

Sug&@ c"nibitd ditrqEt NFB fo. ditr rcit trEtmd i ddioo Crrbt..<br />

4.4.1C). DuinS 1992-91, dop groM a! !I the ptarning Fn€fu wirh out<br />

fdtilialidlho*ql!*rlos lvtiL $gar!4.lFwql hgh.d NIr in pn-pbncd<br />

ce wnh bio€opoll + NPIq NpK rloic sd bi@npo$ d@c ad ws<br />

132

---

folloeld by thrt in doub|'low stiP3 rrd 3irgl. rcw on flat, resp.crivcly. In<br />

1993-94, sugecec adibii.d ia los ot||y it 3in8l. ret plani@ wi{t@t<br />

feniliz.rion. Th€ lrsd of NFB ir l9l-94 *t3 ldnilar to 199-93, hl. in $.<br />

foliMr@, n@ rcrilm frdd!lt49sdelo o!q.I hisn eip9.

---

|Irlydq crrdurkttu .r.8ivg| t loY.<br />

l- wlE o8.tc.E r.t iit d ! dtj(|ll,+rw dipt dtlt bio'€odFc<br />

@ l0 | h. ! + MK @ ?i5e50 lg hir m.Bird r.tc offtrtir' (MrR) of36t ltd<br />

rt6ti s.btdv.rl ir l9t2-91 ud 193-9a, t!.9.criv.ly. X i.di4rql 6t by<br />

ninidD ilv.insn wii! br Etirl con (MC) t'd ugind na b.a.6t!<br />

(uN8) |!ro"$L rriDl d. ofnt n GAD n F.jDlc Od.443)<br />

2. 8y irEr.d.t 6. idrdtat! sta o!9 sn lhind tw doqblo{o!<br />

drirr to Di. DLdi@ sith dt ED ftttiliatioo d..., r8l (?itEd ll lt%)<br />

var rcc.rdcd i|| 1992.93 rd 1993-94, tcapcdndy. Tlh r|r! dllc l,o hisl'.n<br />

MNB nd IoEMC of e{.n !. i! PNr G|tl..4.a.3).<br />

3. Whar a|g|'!.,t en IroM in PN', ddtorn NIl ylt hi8lE &d<br />

ti,ola r hi8h.. hn Mc w|, dro lislEd. llcr6c MRR (16l .nd 185%)<br />

v.r otldld h l!t2r! .d t99344, t!.r.di'/dy. Sis.l@in ..d tt irDs<br />

i!.ardion qn! b. ialld.d ir I!. dtlial ralyi4 MrR w$ Oct&..,<br />

poriri!,!. (CXMMYT.I9!0.It Dybc dgS.dtd tu6 dE |boe qDluio lhlt<br />

ifiiv.nnen .!.or&.. !! .rdv .vdLblc tlt o t 8t!.|,c ftoia b PtNr *iu t<br />

l|i b..t pdrSr fo' doplior OtlEx,nc slP nird b PNr world dso b.<br />

134

---

T.bls a,a.r Nd 6.ld Da68 Gr tr.,) ot.u!.|@. G rrft.cd Lr diftd. plrrbg pr6.ru<br />

dd !'fi.!r Lrdr<br />

LSD<br />

B NddLi(lo0'<br />

lir Bie.oEeort @ rot h.r<br />

N, N}K @ lglroGrd, k tr"<br />

Nr Ai@hpdr@ rorna'+<br />

NPK @ t!-!GaO Lt htr<br />

c. PXN<br />

P'XN.<br />

t50<br />

t92-9! l,'!9,1<br />

,9par<br />

l5JO7<br />

rtrs<br />

ItJ2l<br />

t0JE3<br />

28Ja!<br />

....Ii.i...::r:ri,:: :,..,.<br />

sJt4<br />

46J48<br />

59253<br />

a5,ta<br />

-3p<br />

'AA<br />

gt4tt

---

T.bLa,,L2 Dorirrc rrdyir E drtitd<br />

P:XN.<br />

P'XN:<br />

PTXN:<br />

(l! !r')<br />

,s,w<br />

25J!t<br />

256t8<br />

14,l'<br />

28,IE!<br />

2t ut<br />

29,6tE<br />

32,rt7<br />

3r.:r1<br />

au,t1<br />

rrtLttlt lr4t9a<br />

c'b1<br />

-lp5l D<br />

-5915 D<br />

16,16<br />

q6I| D<br />

21i621<br />

r7,6.rD D<br />

15811 O<br />

rot, D<br />

3,65! D<br />

tTJB<br />

33Jat It<br />

a8<br />

lsrta<br />

,4,688<br />

ta,6,t<br />

,,2L8<br />

\2ra<br />

29,14<br />

t2,811<br />

31tr7<br />

vm<br />

-3,r9 D<br />

2t319<br />

r9,6t D<br />

,6,29<br />

lqtlz D<br />

2r,6C' D<br />

ttat D<br />

t11a D<br />

a43aa<br />

50,15t D

---

Illlai(al r&rid r.'i ttrdlt te!<br />

rdei.ihr}.<br />

t99t-93<br />

tnd Ca! Mrrb.l N.aLtd tl,4b.l l|4id<br />

r.d. |l.ttuy .odr bd.dr. lltta.tar rcod<br />

G'r.") G.r.) C.r.') G.h.i) ,.of!l%)<br />

D,Xl$ b& 1(10!<br />

P:Xl\ t4lL r,aao 2rt 7 3-522 J5t<br />

h x N, t1)17 6t29 3lJ!! 9,19 t6l<br />

lr x & 36117 r.!oo a57lo taJrt 959<br />

uq!94<br />

l,x N, 16,6t! 29)19<br />

&x N, l,lra lJtir 16J9, 4s2n !&,<br />

IIXN, v)t1 a9r, 4fi lrJl, rr5<br />

& x l{, aqTar ialo 6tltr rTtra llr!<br />

t37

---

SUMMARY<br />

Inp!.. of parrdnt dd rd drid @qrmr d .8rodvdrlo5, of<br />

lo8rftr& w !!di.d o I ardy chy lM soit a! trt ASrlnonio Rettrr Ar.a,<br />

Shdoryd Sugdl!.dlh hdhrr.,,u!'& p!bsa!. Tt qr.'ie M crrdudld<br />

u uE ee@ 5!od dri$ l9t 3 !d re.d.d i. Ih. &tuE of t99344.<br />

Eryqirer.l rl::ll|Jt6.orwdrd (C tt@ fudtq 'e'ra, &, to 6 q.d<br />

n x roo 6pirL 90 *qedbdw<br />

'ri., 6a q lireh@.rt<br />

',a.d<br />

O) folr rurlidl lclrfs i..., do,&rr @-o-q, uoco,W@zo I hd', N-p-f, @ ItL<br />

teIoo tg ha! @.1 bt6.oqid @ to t hd + nI.p-f @ Zt-tO-tO tt t .1<br />

.Epqi|E ss lail dt lsrdinS lo r q&"b &{g, ridr br Epli(a€s .!d a<br />

n r y'or jr of6 X 18 d A Fldrg r4r@ wiay SpSGJra s'' a*d @dd<br />

di6tg'tpLi i'rgpd6isDd ! ian todt plaii'E ,rd6s rc kA. h !r. @ii!<br />

s,hilc fulriqt lddr l@ ildomiz.d ii ln! $Edott Sugs.@ w ptanhd o<br />

s.ttlnbq 12 !d u in 1992 $d l9t lrd hr t*cd d N0E!S. 14 ud 20 in<br />

!993 rd 1991, i.{Gdn^dy. Sdi.d 6r'dir€r ofnir rlsd a &dEiz.d bdw<br />

> O. tl|e bari, of donjDc. u.tygs, ont rlE pir plllirlion and do{bte.<br />

.ow .tr'pr sith biodpolr + NPK ed biMmposr ,16n. qhibn.d highq<br />

na ldn b.rqa @q lirits 6 rord v.rring co6rs. l/a/Sfia, ert i, shorcd<br />

lh.r with t 3bia noo dnqn pnri€ (Singlc tlw eit NpK @ l5clodloo |.g<br />

138

---

adoptior of m. tw ptltlg6 (.) @p rEi!€d .r d.ubb@ stip3 *idt biG<br />

.!'npo61 @ l0 t ht' + NPK @ 75-5C50 kg ha ' c'trnrd NtinC re of<br />

,am Q68 ad 33e/q i' l9r-9t .d l9t-e4, Bpc.rirdy. o) By lEajrc<br />

tlE inEin r4 eta oip B shiecd A6 d.dterow nriF lo pit pt4!.lion<br />

*ilh lhc !.D. &.tilianjon do!., b.rgj'.t ntc of r.16 (959 6d ll!j%) ws<br />

r@.d€d in 199-93 rnd |99rd rc.p.dirdy.<br />

> Sug&ouc 8ro\h at p,Nl grt! siSrifcan ygr.tr.r&t@ridd(Sy, of<br />

15.4 t h4' fouowd by rhar in Pr&, Pl\, p'tll, p: N, &d p! N, Frp.diw!..<br />

Ttc hr.r reo ftdiar sedri@ elF.disrielty on. pe wirfi ah crdE.<br />

on dF 6ilE y, &tn!.E ir rrr,[.dtt_hi.d rtE low6r syof3.o6t h.j, lrd<br />

w prq.d.d !y t!r. b P,I!.. rd p,&, &lrcdndy. ta 1992-93, r|a{qe<br />

Ei!.d 3t P,N' trE dtnifor @iEe src,E EJ, (SR) of 9.6n6. O! th.<br />

co r.ry, ftp ir PNo cxhibilrd rd.imn SR (8. tryo). Simib, rad h SR of<br />

sadcr!. ea r.coxt d duiig t9t44, qc?t the difef$q<br />

rrei'h@t inr!.!.1i@ *q6 norc pronow.d.. DurinS !99_94,<br />

dltbiLd higrE SR 0l!l| rhn in 199%93.<br />

> In I99r-9, $8]qE rdrcd a rrr\I. grw dg!i6.r, osinM oir,.dr<br />

er&rd(t591 td) !d w btbetrd by rta:! p,tt Oj&eo r !j.I O! {E<br />

c.@!ty clop ilP'|.o Fodr..d riSrif6! siiieE rri!?cd-@ yldd of53 t t!-r<br />

srd *a ptlc.dd b itn in p,r\Io &d prNa il$Gqndy. Ib t@ nqd rv|! tubd in<br />

19934a. Ottdadon b.a"!or wdgh di!p.ds!..', i0 lbL er.., e& tagr!<br />

lt9

---

f'L"1hi8ltttrn$..ofi ..nodca, inisDoddtoBfl €Egint!,14ACG& ANAR<br />

d SY&d $iped-a&yi{d e,rritni6.d lxdrnlttaqpo,:i.dly rqadD<br />

.d&i! rrid Jsmd a su€ d.?ctdoE of slipp.d.csE yi{d d rh. .br+<br />

nE$o&d @ndrql tEiB.<br />

> rn 199243, qop. ptd.d ir r,N Fldred tiShn ,qrrr 'oir.d@.J<br />

(1.?3 L8) ht dd ..r dtlifody r@. th tbd b p,N! pirq Dd p,rg. By<br />

otl'llq s,gd@ d!.d !l P:llo odfnd brin wigh nrbrcd-@_' hI sr6<br />

naisoly @ . p& rirh &r ir p]{. !d prNq ltip.dndy. A linitr, lqd mi<br />

> h t99243, ilgltlJE in prN, dfh.&d dSnifc.rr rututtn dk&,<br />

@ hr 03.o dn B f{oE t by rti i! plit, plN', !il{} pt{a p,N, prs!<br />

P'Na P,No PrYq Pnl .rd pi{o, r!.p.dndy. Stuita, rsd ofclo 6! !d[*L c.E<br />

> susr.cie pt or.d in il! rDd &rdlir.d Bith biG@Epon + NfK IrE<br />

.t'txil''e pt toLticd 'ati.d 4rd&r otsn LgW' !dm,brorcd ty<br />

n'.r wirh PNl pt{! p'r.r! p,N!, pN: Dd pit, . on lh. d!..ry, llg|rrr nir.d<br />

witlt PiN, e.vc lo$rsl pNE of3SS t g k8 , ud n w on ! ps Mr! p,llr<br />

> h 192-93, &rgr.cs! i! Pr\ prodlcld sigtridc{r Erxit|e.twt€<br />

(l.34 I tra d' ) lDd E ftUowd by |!.r i! prN, , pN ,<br />

140

---

P3M , P'N,, PrNr, PrN, , PrNr , P!N3 , PrNo r'd PrNo , resp.ctiv.t. Howcvd.<br />

orsal, AN R w grans in 193-94 rn! thlt ir 1992-93.<br />

> Crop pl&r. t^ !992.93, @0 rat d siu PN' 8rv. Milu Bl OE.6!r'o) rd E<br />

fono*ld by dst in P'N4 P,N' .nd P,lrr whic! prcdlc.d 3lrdcicllry dnibt rrl.<br />

Sug@. plst d ir pn5 *itNt fcniliatiot roducd low6t HI of 71.3%<br />

ad w.s prarded by thrr ia Pl & , Pl}{ !d Pt N' , r6p.divdy. Ttc san tr.nd<br />

$ts fourd in I{ in | 93-94.<br />

l4l

---

coNcLUSTON(Sy RECOMMENDATTONS<br />

L On dc leir of nqSidt r& of r.ru.a ir ir $@3red th4 $8!roc<br />

growar *ith high iwrdll..n pow @ .dopl co!'biitdon ofpil ,tddoa shr,<br />

bio{onpo!. @ l0 t ht' + NPK @ 75-5G50 kg hr,. Tt 6ms! qidt low<br />

in€3tlr.rt crp&ity coqld ut cortiEtion of dabtFlow st ips wirh bic<br />

@mPo$@ l0.hr!+NPK@75-iG5o l(8t !.<br />

2. Sugarc.re grotn in pirs .!d fcritized with bio-conpos. @ lO r ha' +<br />

NPK @ 75-50-t0 & ht' 8rw hghcd !.1 6dd baE6r!, !ripp.d-@e yictd ,nd<br />

3 Pit pl|rrdion ofsuSr@ h spqid ro nlr plant iion. Sugr.crn in<br />

prts grw aE !|d tl% gr.|ls rripp.dq. yictd d|rn thar i. mips .!d liryt.<br />

a. Crop pldt.d in pilr od f.niliz€d *i!tr bio-.onpqt @ ro I h! ! + NPK<br />

@ 7s-50-5o h8 ha' dhibirrd 59 ud 73 yr E.,ltl' smppcd-clnc yi.ld,<br />

rcQ.ctvdy, rhrn l!. 6op 8repn in n i6 .!d !i,,gt. rc"! hot ftrlitizcd eir! Oc

---

5. Bb{qor iEtd 6.6tur dNIK n iEC h r+r.e<br />

o tidrl E lal, 2t, llta clt. @q bo.oqa e rd tE &q<br />

'q?qiE<br />

rr&.ariiir. d.rEddrHl&.r1

---

SUGGESTIONS<br />

r. Meu.l diggin8 of pit! ir s qpa.irq tirc @iMing rlld l.boriou<br />

job, th6d@ prop.r impl@at for st€.ia.icd digging of pir! Cbdd be<br />

2. Sono o$d apcd! of pn-d.d!!ion t cl'nolos tuh r! Bl@nire<br />

edcid.y, n eublc ph d.dl\ rlrF &d d& ofpir. d.ldddjzdioa of pl&rir8<br />

ddity pif' , hlor inFn dc., dtdld be sud,.d in dct il !o aqtoE thc nuxinun<br />

pot4tid of tlE Lchnolo$'.<br />

3 Psidid cr.d of bio..mFd d td@ii'rg polddd of dg.rt.E !..ds<br />

4. Si@ biooopod ootn ii! da.d! rdt ! Na, Cl, I{COj dodg dr!<br />

tt b..cficid plln tulricit+ *ijch ey rdlqr.t !trc.1 the loil h..lrh if! lo.g-<br />

tem .d.ct! on loil hallh dloM b. iN..iig!!.d b.fore tu @mnadation for<br />

5. P.6p*livrs ofuirg bicclnpo$ 10 at{l|Ic! lugncln protbcrivily on<br />

p.!6Lr oilr i..d! to b. inv..d8rd.

---

Literature Cited<br />

Ar.6trE4 1959. An B4o.!Frq( Sh SAI}I<br />

Aiott"n u, l98a. A$ltir t|@rt br !oih, Plri! ,td mld Soil Fstlitv !d Sdl<br />

l.nirg lednllr, D.fc ofAEi. hti$, Itjdlr PP.l&72<br />

Alol|lrndrs 1988. l{.iidd CoMnNdon ol AgdainE RlPori Ctlr of P.rida4<br />

Id.tlrb6d. p 147.<br />

Adryir.os, 19s8. P*ida !od*y of isr tccllElogis. 6xd b6lc tlnibfrl<br />

ntdhods oadHnql @d!ol for !Il&e ore{grtaddid n 123<br />

Ardryrtot4 1990, Prnddid| Y@Book Food aad Agtiqttre<br />

oiS izriorr Uliud Nnid4 8.c,14: 15?<br />

Anodymu!, 195. Ecomoic g!v!v Ctwtn'd ofP*iia!, I{timv of Foo4<br />

AgdarliN !d Lrt€i.* (Ecotwtric W!E) IdrDSad P I0<br />

i! ddald<br />

Abs. lvl 19s4. Sdi.. 6 id6 d.!|its i! 16@ ri@4 @ dd'd<br />

geoirdri6l pabaE. M.Sc. (HoB) Agt Tlcir D'?tt Agon' Uliv Agti'<br />

Faisbbd4 P*idD. p.27<br />

Az4 lvl 19s5. Eftd ofNPK 4di.iioo o vi'd $l&v or lFq td@<br />

'd<br />

og.rq. C.n d h dif4! gdr6t:l PcdoE Ii|S4 Agti Tbii'' D'pd or<br />

AgFn' Uitv. ofAgi, &isaliba4 P|lisd p A<br />

l{5

---

Bstd, S.A t976. E6d.il &nilizq uF. L! P.r&eA F.L..d, pt, l3-r. Asrc@jc<br />

rcsrJl fo. food, ASA spcciNl pub. 26, Mdkotr<br />

B{*., A-C. 194. T}G S!g||qE LdEd rfl, rdn@.<br />

Baridat LR, C !|d A Sct@i. C{r dc A,r (VdEidr) 1989. y'dd twclc<br />

oflad@ uriry PR 9E0 ro N P .d ( f6dli6 ir r mnid in tu bdn ofl&<br />

Blanrrn dc R6i M |nd J.S. Bhlrjalh l98Z Ud.g flq 6k a resgst for .lll.<br />

phein8 ll(.1/4 lGI6 (bdoGi ).lsus'l!* No.l, 1989 ).<br />

Bha':bn L 1984. 'Sug.l!@', Totiol ]{gri Sdid laEftA t-oietn|r Hoo!.,<br />

Buld ln,Itdoq Ena cI'Oo 2rE, E dad. !p.8,G81.<br />

B.'lc J.P. 1964. Pbd oop @tn of . @ +d'E opqid d PdgoL Pte<br />

42!d A@ Coogr. S. AA. Suge T4h, 11614l. 0lo( Ab{.s , 39(3): 569, l96p).<br />

B@dhs4 DM !d T.E. Adicy. 1969. RlM a!'i.gs tu o8'r!4 Mit!. Fn. Rs,<br />

32(10): 6-? Gtdt. &dr, 40(2)1 5036; l9?0)<br />

Bu4 T.A 1975. Rq !p&ii8 ad potadd pldrdiu'ty ii dg'lt&. Agm J., 643)<br />

:42t423.<br />

c.?do S., A D.viL l $d t c.|iro C. Ccl'o 09E9). PNldiid of\dng ft.. .rrc<br />

q &dia h s..d 6e h.di d .bt ddi. sr! d dE er! @s of V|| Cbra<br />

lqo ?8{6 ($g6t l9l No.O.<br />

chrhpd'i K (l9l) ElEd ofIl.|!E @ &rs@ idd Ac. t3d An Cow.<br />

slgd T.ct A!s. Irdi., 157-159.<br />

L6

---

Ch!11h4 M.T.M. 1990. Etrcd oftir.r'd fa plllrrbn o yitd atd qrdity ofdtum<br />

$erl!& M.Sc.GIo6) Aeri. nBia D.?d. Agnn., Unt furi, Faie&!.4<br />

Cha\ Wl. 1965. A $ldy o|| ! ial|od ofpbltin8 e€drlltc @ ddd lrld st yd)g<br />

Iin L IE i"{'*. ofwis row +.d€r o. ot titd R.p. T'dw Slg.l Eqr<br />

St t., 42r E7-96. (gor Abn! , 39(4): 7634; 1969).<br />

CIMMYT.I988. Irq! ago'Driic d.r. to &m.r @Mp{aj@: An @mDic<br />

tei'glad Me.o D.F. p?.2!'.<br />

cL& G, !. t959. bdid sugr hitdy, BWISA R.po4 t959.<br />

qdtq G. F 1962. $rsd ir Memis, B\V|SA R.po4 t962.<br />

ClarEri rtf l96a llldxr@ofacol3!ftdiigyidd AD. RR lbitpb/sioi tj<br />

&9-442.<br />

cochft\ B.J.!d R Ai.ald t929. W!C. fltw i€rEE Fodldion !rd@ Ssg!<br />

J.,4l(10): l5<br />

CoLD M od R Anrs 19E5. rdfflE ofpo..1i6 oo rt at c.s. of osd..e<br />

dadoP|n d. lcro\rllt drruni... Ciddtsdrt&Agd.tru4 , 23 (lj) 54-65;<br />

D@tu, N.C., I Soidatisb,llt rorc.do &d r. Alo!$, (1936). Eft

---

Daflu NC' F. P.(!z z , J. Scardiliais ad M. Rolrtdo 0990). EII€d ofdrr (al(c<br />

ar'pljd.t pbdir'8 @ $ga ce g@irdior Ra. hd. A€rb. TuoD4 1990, 670)<br />

l-9. (SugrE ., No.a, 1992)<br />

Dot@, N.C. f. Pce Z {d L Scrdatdi! l9l. Nnr!8!ro!. ftniliair! of<br />

Dd, N. l9ll. Clr S{gu No'@ R.4d, l4ln t<br />

DNiotlc MV dd VS. l(h!p.. I9E . Etrcd of spa.itts @ $Elr.!d.. JoirDt of<br />

It na$hra Asi@tr!€ U'iqity, I 0): 38-41. Grod. Abr!., s3 (t l) : sz66; l98j).<br />

Dilewijr\ C. vllr 1952. Bol&y of $garcljE Tt6 ChrotriB Bo&ni€ Co. Book<br />

d.p@tr.q Wlttlq U&, U.S.A p, 59151.<br />

Dooini Mr dd R rb.!. t969 r. frrdiig dlairy lld $.d caE Fotudim<br />

Culiircd TDp, I l(3): s565. (Suge C|lE No.3, p.2l; l9r)<br />

Domhi M.E ad R Ple 1989 b. Etred orplarting doery m &sd cr,.<br />

8lo*t and yidd Oiti6 1r!!., I l0). 67-R. (Srgd Ce No.3, p.2l; I9t)<br />

DoDlA C.M.nd ,. HrEblitr 196 Adv. A8r.r 2!:t6l-4o5.<br />

Dodla AF. 1916. Ulitzijd dd rhD of f!6 md i. st ninrB !r C|@i<br />

R.sea.dr St lio! Trinidad P.ac. Id6-A.e, Suglr Cai. Sainar, 1986 24S2lt4.<br />

Dai R, S.N Abr.4 B.r. prdid.rd S. p.j.!&@ 19s9. Sndi.3 oi rlF .f.d of<br />

sP.lal wi.tbd c$ yi{d !r! qutity ofa€s olx in pbd !.it r|too olrs Bhrdih<br />

S'€.r, l,(12): 37-3e. (s!s|' Ce No.2, l99o).<br />

t,tE

---

El-F uah G.A, G. Elkr.sn S ard FJI Abdena 1986. CsE Fodrriviry ,s<br />

.esd by irr6-iw+..ilE.r'd ce oltioB P@, l9rl CooA.ISSCI, l{.<br />

El{.dd!wi.!.H' T.M Fqr!4 M.A. Abol Ddxt! LA dd Ald E-L.di4 (19€8) TlE<br />

.ed of ni!!gE! dd poasild trrliar d yi{d of 6r $d igs of i|8!r@.<br />

Suln Cr!p. Rla ltd, r{8ric., R... Car.., Cn4 ES,!{,<br />

F.ihi, S-D., K3. MdiI rd BA Bddiis. 19m. Idqqoppiq !:d ofr€darF airh<br />

*t!.i Am. 8!9 Sug@ n6 lE., AyUb Agic R6. IlEr, Frildlba4 13- t4<br />

Faeli, S,D., KB. Mdi( An Blllrnr !d t4 Aehs. l9?4. Ef..l of$b ,ooi,g.!d<br />

ditreg|t +Edits oe idd .rd qu.tiry of$garE{E wiay BLa. I ASdo R6, l2{3):<br />

203-M.<br />

Oadc. F.P., PelrE. R B .d t&ddL & L l9ss. !t !$b&, of .ftp Crdr<br />

S{i€.rifc I'( bt!hd!, R tard! roi,4 lhodt|||r, Irdia pp. IEZ-207.<br />

G.$rq cJ.d S-t Sh)! 1981. Arbr{ o&r b itEa.c qlce .d @b,<br />

yidd ofogn.,e Ag'@ t., ?3(6): 9991003.<br />

Cti4 Ml. 195. Itrde.groMn ldb d nd tfu pn Cd,!! ofs&!6 ,rd<br />

3FDS &rg'l|a (Vdaw dt nas L) phD Agi Thci!, Dlnr of<br />

Agrcndiy, Uiiv. of^gri, r.irhbld. p*id6 p. 4l-89.<br />

Co@.., r.S. 1985. Sidyoftt pLdiq ddit in r€r ..E sidr wij6 C E?-51<br />

8r{t J.60-5, AIAC,44(5): t6. . (S${Cs.No,3, l9S9)<br />

OE4 R E., R PiD.d. d P- CliD. 19s9. r!fiEr. of oditdi.n d.Ft d il,. 6!<br />

in crD! iddc i. n risohIrro Arc., lt (4),83-s9.(S.ca!a No. f, 1990)<br />

149

---

cdiam, ,"R l9ss. Rduc€d spoling in E pLniiry ofcane tl Usim Paltdos, S A'<br />

STAB, 70)i 2&32. (Sust!CeNd6, 1990)<br />

n s LU. t945. Snrdit or lh e.$i,tv ltd F!&aive d.iqEv of d. aecdv<br />

deig".d @ldilw ltiP dldg 8.otdy SdItdilq id.

---

IuE!, RF. 1954 'An inilodcto! l'o th. a€dlte tgridXuE ofJuFr" Ptlc<br />

Soc. Su8. CaB Tcchiol , 8, 32&38<br />

Lilq LE, GI..d Bqdt rd c-A" Rilld 1980<br />

ald 6eodic.l ry.d& Itoc 17lh CotE; ISSCI' l:<br />

9O7l;1983)<br />

Jrylbal v ltd S. Cn &tdgm 1990 Eft.r of is!8s\ pt"t!j"m aul,g]md<br />

yierd ed qu.iity of trsrrce Sug/.,F &'stch Stdio4 M'ldtllr' Ted Nadu<br />

I,It.n Sugrt Junc. 1990 P l5tl6?<br />

Jrtlt6l atd N. S.tltr|! l99l Sodi's otr tlE 'trcd ofi scros tnd dtroert lc!€ls<br />

d ti!.r pr.dldim cn dlq tqlalitv in dgtqda Sultt' 4l: l1_]5<br />

,t4 KC., U.P. Sinlt, s.KI S$ ai S S Sidq 192<br />

of .gMic ncm of Fodldin 6 {g,'qs<br />

Btatdl! Aglbllilrl Utth'uSr, Po!" SdnlliPr'<br />

KanM. &s ad KK ElstL l9a. Eftd 'f i'nt'ms rycitg<br />

Su€a@ q|d!g I E*oric.l<br />

35G356. (Iio.r A!na, 53(12):<br />

Sidi6 @ d.!G @diht!@n<br />

Sug.r.4 Rstt tGlilur.<br />

od t:t|l' lsrddv'<br />

dzlkp.Flni4 tdydd of$gs.1E &e ls|hcdgi TSSCI 2:75I_755<br />

K!nw, eS' N Si4h atd B S g!i$ l99o Efed of hol lir |!!ttrFl( i'nd w<br />

3pa.irg dd !..d ri.s d4, a. on vild lld qDlitv of $gtra Pt" 52Dd Ae<br />

cod. ${tiTodr A!!.c Idia A8.9 - A&l3 (sugs CnENo4 p 22; t99D<br />

Kqitl! B, l9?3. ECed of di&rdr rew tpeing o thc vidd of rdood of t4{taE<br />

MSc.oIo$.) Agic Tlads, Dcpd Agtut' Uttiv Agti'' rlithb'A Pdd"r<br />

l5t

---

KaliE & C rd R Mr|y||IEry (l99l). Fqi'€ dt 4.d'Bi !..d r& ed lntlsa<br />

t€'/d! fo. CoC 8201, $grr c&c v||idy. Ittdhn Sr8.t Jrl', l99l p. 2{l'42.<br />

rlttrilg V0.., O lt'52 Tt &dofrcw tFci"8d igltt|D c.qsb N&r Prcc<br />

[n Soc Srg: CJ! T.d!$|' 12, I I l.<br />

Kir€, Nl, MrrgoEy, &W. .d l|l|rr., CG 1965 Mrdrr.l of C5E Stoeit€.<br />

Arsin ELdi6, Nd Y6k<br />

(oodortr, Gx !d M Msliir 1992. ItrrdirE ofBlilzdin d dE qrrfry of<br />

rr8srE STAB, lq OI2CI |.(S.Cc, No. !, lgt'J)<br />

X!fln s|'ty K !d S. r+r&re (1992). R4.PoG of !8!l.& b 'ftog$ .!d<br />

D.nrie Ptc s:fth Ar Cdw. q€r T.dr Asoc lrdi{ !992, A8; 6l-Ag; 66.<br />

lrbhritdtd, M, &!ETd, r. V Ard Pt|rd! n4 Klc 1960. Sa!& in<br />

r.lE6 of!ih8.! tni&nid b tlgrc d arl|9.ih Pc. atl A! Ildn coid<br />

S{rftrEl&* &Ibr. P. 65.<br />

L4 B. 198& rrdd qudi.y !n d. iidrl! tdan of r{r €a @ ll48 s<br />

irl&ld by di.6 of ddiry. BtrdF Srgrr, l4(l): 5?, 59{0. (Su8r C@<br />

No.6P.lEi 19E9.<br />

lrl l. 0991). Ee.. of i!!to lad! o. dlai'g ia C.irldd .€a!r,t red.r<br />

difrsn rdor|t EsilE It!.. 53d Ar! C6v. 9t8r T.d! AE. hdL .17-51.<br />

Mdlroo4 T. 1985. Sidb c| i'rs{opfqg in adIlr $grE& dr!.d i'r<br />

dergi gFleic 6f8|rd..! MSc. (tlda) ASrti ltaid D.rc Agr@, Udv.<br />

Agrii Fdelft4 P.fitut

---

Mdi At od P.P. Si"Sh 1985. Qdity of $gi!.ic a itlfrlc c.d by v|riri.s in<br />

ddion 1,0 viryiig mw lpa.ings. hdia s{s.t, 35 : 451-456. (Hor1. A!ai!.,<br />

56(12): I0l9l;1986).<br />

Mdi aL ard P.P. siigh. 1988 . Eftd ofphrn datd d dtoot &d dry Euqtf<br />

Fodrdih dd ligh lnriibim i! lga @wiai.r Id4 St 8tt, 3E: ,455-,169.<br />

Mrli AI andrt Siqh 1988 b. Sndi..6 goPtlt oDlyi! of rga ee vuidi.s i!<br />

rdrdon to rcw D.d!& P!@. 5ln Atn. Codv. Sugrr Tccl! Alroc lrd., A€:5+<br />

As.64 (Suerr C$c No a, 1989)<br />

M{dloi KS' RV. Siish ird 8.8" t tlE de 19E9. Rsporc of glgat.jlE wian<br />

ro 'w rpadng .rd *d e l'di.r t. Ag6n , t4(2) 2A7-u9<br />

itr.liA F., RM Gnia B &d B. Qd oru 1989. 8ft.1 of 6liq @ic oi gfhin lion<br />

.d Fgidlnofot dln d id ni!.d rc.d b.4 $ts J.,48(3)424t.<br />

MrdErE RJ. l97]. tleh.. $g.rcare yidd! {!ugh higher pop'r||d@ Sl|glr t, l5<br />

(12):9-12<br />

M.rEi'q RJ, 194 Etrcc ofi,!6.@ rpaidg 6 $g.:te tidds n rai*@<br />

lroc lsth CorE. ISSCT, 2: 746?50.<br />

M!h.n , RJ rid lE lrvi'E tct. Tlt irdElc.of mw+aciig or' crgs[|n. ertt<br />

popuhtio4 $gu cdton Dd cs. yidd. Pd. Aner, Soc Su8 qm T@h, 96100.<br />

0rr' Slgr t, 83(10) :302; t9El).<br />

Mohs! S. l9tl. Etr a of lLr ard tt rLrr.dd lfrrcbg d dE,i.td .,n iui.c<br />

qudit .f+.i,s r4rtl:E Msc (IId!.) Asn. ftaq D.!d. Ag@, Uitv. Agri:,<br />

l5J

---

NsdiiEili U,B rd ,.N. Sirtsh 1982. Notc o|l dE €tr€d ofroe spocins md dqnc of<br />

d.&lialio d idd !d qultity of $g!Jte. ftdi{ t. Aglic &i,, t2{l): 2627.<br />

Ndit A S., KN. CftirE$ltni dxl KKl!'l|nlmny (199?} E66Ey of mdiicd<br />

fqBofr!! r.lsd$drof rydnnid ar lh. yidd sd $liiry ol &s.|@.<br />

Sulnoic 1!6. Stdio4 Cll.kldol!. Ind. SqE. Iut, 1992 p 2r-229.<br />

Nan NM., S.A qreshi lnd S. Atne 099a). Vrlizdi@ ofbtccodpon productd<br />

trE 6la.'rr & o&gc! St t gxj.€d '!r..!d idiorc,,rry ruirD SuF,<br />

Jo(dd. Vol. VItr, No2,l94.p.zl<br />

N.dr. NM., M. A QuGhi s.A eGli &d s. A&r@ (194). nE Gtr.r of bjF<br />

M'@ m $gdr.!. c.o9. P.tirer srSnJand.Iulrs.I', 1994.<br />

Ntir, A S., ICN Chidlslbi Ed t(xll||r.w!lty 0992). r,6!rr. cf biit'<br />

&d odhod! of .pplic{riM d th. Wtatc !d iiloggl w €fidacy by s€arc.n .<br />

IidiE g{rln , 199. p. I5!15t.<br />

Nr2n, MS' lA F gq' cAn., & At@d !d T- M.tooo.t. l9EE. Slds o<br />

pL i.s ltd intqqoppiry h !d!ia oSrclD. c@t Unr L R6. s (!2) : 57j4.<br />

Neir, S. 1990. E&.. of0rl ard pir ptsn dd r.clmtoro/ @ dF yidd udjujc. qurliry<br />

or altm aryNlla r,tsc A9. ft.ic D.p(. of AgdEny, Uiiv. of Agri.,<br />

rdehba4 P*inltr. D 12.<br />

Nis, A"Ir, S. AfSirr4 L Alh€d and R .a, !,t jDood.<br />

otiE ro d{tGr d.G of !rpt( &dtb h<br />

Jdrnal.,(2):15.<br />

t54<br />

1993. RapoDle of$g.r.s<br />

SeEli. I,aLjn. SuSr

---

P!!+ H.S., N.L Mdr4 M?. Prld, RD. Vtlti id K!. M.vlda 091) Etr d of<br />

plbqhltic &rlilj4 6 yidd .!d qldity ofsslttnE. IItdi& $44, 4l: 395-397.<br />

&e!r, L.L., RJ. Bhod... GS. I&lr! &d B.P. Palil. 19E5. Coi9lnliw pdbnium<br />

ofdiftld sd.dr ddldiig itgr.rE tndrl| S{e'r, 35 (7) : 39139.<br />

Pdror4 AA, P.N.A, Balq Ar!4 ftlir &d rx-MC.R D4rdo-1988. nliding<br />

daiiy wilt ttE r€rr.,ft olti@ ir iarcFbee rrt $dcter fllllR &al<br />

Aa|!.ftim., 105(2) 2&12. (Hon Abd', 60(0: a852; l9r0)<br />

Pr.o8a! 8.1., S-S. vcu !d S. I('lE. 1969. E&d of w 3padr!8 ad ni!.o8ar on<br />

fdc pbtt d sgn!.lr.Ildiu L A€r!n,]4r'.2):2!,G2s7.<br />

Pnsa4 D, KU. krs.d !d PJC Bosa l9A. €ftcr of F6-n,tEo6 irigdba<br />

riEogar dd ryiite @ dr yidd ofsgslte wir.i6. lidie J. Agl!no!|r', 28(2)<br />

:13r-l!3.ord1 Abna, 55(2): 1625; r98t.<br />

PE!.d A od KS. Pa:frr 0cr9). E&ds of+lit lpdi.liods ofNdc dtd bssot p<br />

on 8ro"rr\ ridd ndjuic€ qudit offrs rdfoor Indild Sugr, 1989, 38, 89!892.<br />

latti K5., &A" SirSh !d vr. Sitrsh l9t. Eed of n dod! of ph irE 8d<br />

'nsclpttrg i.qt$ @ c& ,idd &djuic! qu.lity in €rd ut proc 5rt Joid<br />

Cofr. rnd. Su8a T.dL Als (Itt. St€lt t, 8t(962): 4E; 1979).<br />

PJc&4 R dld a.t Codm 1980 I rrdbd! of ddirB ,rgnotE &. s€s dd<br />

tiru prodr.ridhloaiti.e Proc Uth CotB.ISSCT, l:302-310.<br />

Rj@4 R {.d B.J. Coclr& l98O b. M.thod! of pla!ti!8 $g!t!@ for tugar.!d<br />

ca Fodldid b rrid!'r l?dr C.og6 ofldardiDt S.'d.rt.trSlgau*<br />

Tdrbologids, Vol. I l'{eila, t'hilippii.r 3s2-310. Balor Roq., Lj, LrSA Gton.<br />

Atdi, 53 (12) : 9074 : l9E3).<br />

155

---

uqd, r !d A ^r.qra& l9E?. rltii[dioo of r€'l €IE lih . li$ Pbd<br />

FFlri[ ,. Aff. Soc StS!! &E T.dr 7: 5c7l (S€d Cee Ate!<br />

Ficc, RE 197. Eftd of lle $.tlh or yidd of dEE srgltlt . wid!6 in ndfl&<br />

Ptu Affi. S@. Susuc!|lc T..h., 12\ 124. (In. S|gat'8300): 30q 1981)<br />

R@c.L B.T. 1977. Ev.hdoi of @d. of dd rew pltdi'g of t4atte. trc 44lh<br />

cod qEdtnd soc sugrrral., 131.137. (Hon A!dt, a80):961 1978)<br />

Roi|lrrd, G 1959. RdJl! d 4.d!8 aqailttrns Mtlnia ssd. In4 R6<br />

102-t04. (Id. S!g|.r.,369i l9l).<br />

Sord.&!q U., A L'lra r.r'l Alooso. & &rdE L ud E l&[o- l9S8 ndnitg<br />

deis! &d or yi.{lL L Eqrddr.r !d Fitld rosr I Wt& twu Rd lid Agtb<br />

TEm, 65(u2): l2l-ll!. (SqgrC&l{o.l, l9l}<br />

s..rdrlirn t C.N Dantr .d t PltE 2.(1990). Io6re .ftL tiffi offnar ek<br />

lrd liNs rpPtcdiI od d.od eE n p@e ld. bd Agic T@u! 190.<br />

6(l) 6a-7. (Sll8|'!|' , No. d1992, ).<br />

Sldid. A and N. lltt N$n. l99t. Udlizlid of Bio{opod Fodu..d f$dt ft(<br />

ok .nddnlsedSh&ssDj S$t Rs.dlinitul.rhrrs.PssTctn l9l<br />

shst M., M.L. Sh!ll., r. Mdlnood' S. A&Irn ttd S.Ir Sot.n. l99o c@ vield<br />

sltd qudit of$glrcrtF !! intusl. d by ditr66l Pldittg<br />

Joorld,a@):!a.<br />

plltfE Ptlird SuSd<br />

SlE f,Jgei,'!|! S ltd K Vd4op.l. 1979. RN 4.drg od pogldin @dlrcl<br />

in dlin io ot rtd $gn tidd of$g!@ !.6,i*. hditn $.€d, 2i(10) : 68t<br />

69J.<br />

156

---

Slranna Rl" 1982. Ef€c1of premMor iEigation ard itt ro* paciig oi yidd<br />

ud quality of&g.n F. NKw Ra r., 16(2): lltl4l. (H.(r A!6t , 55(4): 3crl;<br />

1985)<br />

ShlneO.L.nd P.C. GuFt l9l. Etred ofinigdion $h.dr6, iid!96 lcvd! od<br />

nlal|od! ofpldrrirg oo ('E yi{d !d w!(' u. by rgE6l' hdi|I Sugs, l9l, 41,<br />

6?+6E{.<br />

ShcM O.L {d P.C. Gupt& 1990. Eftcl of krds of higllioa nit%o ard n {lod<br />

ofpbnMs d gor{llt .rd yidd of$gr oE bdid Su8s, l99O (4o) I ll-l I t<br />

she, !. 1976. Coop.nri@ tild sdiqr d h taiB 0!t pEiing ir srgrr!.rE<br />

iralc(IlqB) A€dc. Tl|clir De/t. Agrcn' Uiiv Agri., F.isdab4 rddnrd p. t4<br />

Shl, S"F sd Gt Grdb. 1980. SngulrE drL dltihliD in rso riw q..irgr<br />

P.oc. |7th CorB ISSCI,I:3&51.<br />

SingL U.S. 0974. 'N'roga aad sgd! e', co.rd|!d b.w,r.r lafnir%.n ad<br />

riucir€: ldio Sugd ?: r!t9-450.<br />

Siry[ RP dd P.O. Siigh l9Ea. Qu.lity ofiuicc rd @nnsdat es $gu s<br />

ioduc!@d by dop cepy ii irs.|ue. lxtm qg{, 34(l)r 2t-28.<br />

siiS'! K !d &L Yrd|v. t9E6. A H ryFEd! ro ogr @ odivdioo - b-dlk<br />

lgrorcmy. Pioc 49th An CoN. Sugn Tc.tr Arioc. tidia p.5l-.62.<br />

S!!81! v'P,, KC. Jtq.rd S. z!@, t96?. E&.tof lad ta4 q6

---

S|!d..or.Gw ad WC. Co.b'a 19E9. Sdniel tulrds, 8lh Ednio4 Io8 Stde<br />

S!@d!, o' llid C.po, B.C. 1954. A o !y of{F a€ronotic prldiccs ii Sroviog<br />

$ga@ne in I'tdro &@ in l95a Pu. Lt S@ Sugi Cs T.cluol., 8, AG1.<br />

Sriudair LK !"d K|JM, A, (19{a). Eft.8 of split.!pti6ti6 of rtllga d<br />

tildi'g in r4n6tt. hdirn I ?|ld lty.$r 2rO): 3?&331.<br />

Sdts'ta!'. KK. R NniDlEa &d !.K Brip.i 1984 SpsiD8 ir rdlti@ ro gd*dl<br />

yidd 6d iuice qrdity of ot!!e. !c. 49!' Ad Cow. Sugar lcdr Asc. I!di.,<br />

p. E+.9.<br />

Sudra a od S. Sh.mi4 1989. Fdliig sbdi dnrio ,r8rEE ido s!'!pi.8<br />

ryrd rtdd .d qudty oflhar dlnin !€itor tt ieEc.d b @ qai.ss<br />

td iilsgaldd! in di&sn !.q!aE MrdE Agd. L,75 (3) | IA- ll4.<br />

1.r8, K.tI 197. EEcct ofinrd-w spai'g 6 yidd ofNSttle lroc l6U Coqr.<br />

ISST, 8ss{59. 0,n, SuSr I , 8l(954) : l0g 1979}<br />

Tlers, tR, F.G.S.liE !d LN. lldnlcl l9t. Gow{r Jd i.ld of $gd€E s<br />

rft...d by @ lprdrg. Prlc AE.soc S{grcs T.dr, 12}135. gn $g!rl,<br />

83(10):304 l98l).<br />

ItoEpsdl G D nd , L. du Tor 1957. TIE ef€cr! ofw +.cirB on sgalte @p<br />

ii NaLl. l@. l2th Cons. ISSCT, 103-l I l. (ttod Abrs, 39 (2)3E75; 1969).<br />

TuE, G 1988. Mll md !d dDd( nhde er.6 olcE o!? Drrri:lr BSES<br />

&dL1966(24I rGlt.<br />

158

---

W4 GV . 1966. IidlsE ofpLning daity ntd nlrow dsdE otl ItE yidd of<br />

€ia.id $gu. Sogr( hr. qEq lll): l9Z. GIod Adt.,313): 595:; 1957).<br />

vqr\ tIP. 1954. NiEoSr in Sut!,!r!o lidin S!gr, l:254.<br />

v.m RS, M.P. rrloliwd. rrd RN Sirgh.1985. N'toga atpliEli@ to qlgal!&<br />

iddqlrt€d lith p.(ao. S!g|I@ 5: l-3.<br />

w'lsq D.l 194? C@p|rliE ptritogi:l $rdi! on go*i! of fld o!p!. I<br />

v&ialiD in ttt &dnit liqt 'd. di lafda balE eci.. &d wiri.s ad wirhir<br />

atd b.rst d,t n Ami! ofBot4y, ll:41-76<br />

Y!d.v, RL. l98l.laf@ indq lid fudid'.t Laf @ drdon of $g!€E a<br />

ar.{rd byN d.* Ildi r. Agon2I(2} l3Gl36<br />

Y.drv. RL .!d RN Prlsn .. L N'&i.d rd.ar fln ioJ imrponr.d c.Erash<br />

dd ricc d6e 6r $8.t€D groerl ud yidd. lldilr I Sug C&E T.djnot. 3(l): 6.<br />

10.<br />

Yar,&. Rl! t!.1 RL SIE e 19t0. Dry odd !r|d N Eetailn !€nd of€dy,<br />

niddb ctd Id. vriri6 ofrg&lre s h&!E!d Uy Eta of N.ppticaid rldis I<br />

Agroo 5(2): 201.208.<br />

Yad&!. &L. l9gl.Sugdc,lE produ{rion T€c.lnotory, ColElnid! dd polsdialities.<br />

oJGd rn IBII F$ldn8 Co. I!.w D.04 Indir pp 9Ll3Z<br />

Y&'!g'di, A 198. Eed dosn!.rE daff Dd rce q..t0g oi 8@lt dd yidd<br />

Rep. 36rh Ar!. Conf, Su8{ Tell' Ai.1 r'|uni 7C80.<br />

159

---

Yr!& P.C., !.W Eo., SJq. l.h lld C.C. t . 1982 A&d! of dEl.{w pladg ot<br />

rlEsllsdtrdrtuldofn|lllaaR?.T.iunS{8.R...!s, 9l: I-ll.<br />

l50

---

APPEMD( I<br />

Tout NPx (lg M' ) apTe. At fh. crop Eerd<br />

Trettuna 199293 193-91<br />

ll5 t5t<br />

TNI p9 Jl8<br />

3t3 330<br />

tl5 13t<br />

tn ta2<br />

2& 303<br />

297 tl4<br />

305 321<br />

l2l l16<br />

275 2n<br />

2A7<br />

304<br />

16l

---

v) PiB<br />

'qdb.<br />

APPENDIX 2<br />

D.tdl Of Su Ou C06b<br />

@ Rr 2 ul<br />

.r Ct@irl lale A 62, i t<br />

NPK @ t50-l00.lo lr h.-<br />

'') iv, BimlDd@l0rb!'+ NPK @ ?r-5c10 k<br />

th.dr r0hlocb.rAtu5IY.<br />

IO

---

15 !p Tubclcl @ Rr !0o n i drhi<br />

G@ tu.rn @ & U3 E(d,<br />

oulPutco6Ts<br />

ff*,Yin**-'-"<br />

t _75<br />

Odri@tu6251 6.U 6.25 6.25<br />

ffilffo"r.n * "*".0o- *.- -u<br />

11'<br />

163