MEMORANDUM FOR A1 - Air Force E-Publishing

MEMORANDUM FOR DISTRIBUTION __ 

MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs 

FROM: AF/SE 

AFI91-202_AFGM2 

SUBJECT: Air Force Guidance Memorandum to AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap 

Prevention Program 

11 July 2012 

By Order of the Secretary of the Air Force, this is an AF Guidance Memorandum 

immediately implementing changes to AFI 91-202. This AFGM clarifies the use of the AF Form 

55, deletes paragraphs that are no longer relevant to the ESOH Councils and installation safety 

councils, approves the use of avian radars to detect wildlife, and clarifies the role of the National 

Guard Bureau in the BASH program. Compliance with this Memorandum is mandatory. To the 

extent its directions are inconsistent with other Air Force publications, the information herein 

prevails, in accordance with AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management. 

In advance of a rewrite of AFI 91-202, the Attachment to this Memorandum is updated to 

provide guidance changes that are effective immediately. An asterisk (*) indicates newly revised 

material. 

The directions of this Memorandum becomes void after 180 days have elapsed from the 

date of this Memorandum, or upon incorporation of an Interim Change or rewrite of AFI 91-202, 

whichever is earlier. 

Attachment: 

Guidance Changes 

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 

HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE 

WASHINGTON, DC 

GREGORY A. FEEST, Maj Gen, USAF 

Chief of Safety

Attachment 

Guidance Changes 

The below changes to AFI 91-202, dated 5 August 2011, through Interim Change 1, dated 

20 March 2012, are effective immediately. 

(Replace) 1.1. Minimize loss of Air Force resources and protect Air Force people from death, 

injuries or occupational illnesses by managing risks on- and off-duty. This program applies to all 

operations except where otherwise prescribed or specified in Status-of-Forces Agreements. 

(Replace) 1.5.15.13. Maintains a list of potential Safety Investigation Board (SIB) members 

who have completed the formal training requirements according to AFI 91-204, AFMAN 91-223 

and discipline specific manuals, and provide a copy to MAJCOM/SE. In addition, maintains a 

list of potential medical consultants for SIBs such as Psychologists, Flight Surgeons, and 

Aerospace and Operational Physiologists (AOP)/Aerospace and Operational Physiology Training 

(AOPT) Team personnel who have completed Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention 

(AMIP), Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course (AMIC), Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation 

(MINA) or the Aviation Safety Program Manager (ASPM) course. NOTE: Individuals with 

only MINA training will not investigate aviation mishaps where there is intent for flight. The 

involved Chief of Safety will determine the investigating officer. 

(Replace) 1.5.17.6.7. Provide ISB/SIB members for military mishaps IAW AFMAN 91-223. 

(Replace) 1.5.21.4. Develop a work center specific Job Safety Training Guide (JSTG) based on 

Attachment 5, Job Safety Training Outline (JSTO), on safety, fire protection/prevention and 

health requirements. The supervisor will document and maintain completed training in work 

area. The method of documentation is up to the supervisor, if not otherwise prescribed by the 

applicable MAJCOM or related chain of authority. Options may include, but are not limited to, 

the AF Form 55, Employee Safety and Health Record, electronic mediums such as 

AFFORMs/CAMs/CAS-B/GO81 or locally developed products. If the AF Form 55 is mandated 

for use as the training documentation device, the entity that mandated the form usage will 

prescribe the requirement in writing to include if signatures are required or optional. Regardless 

of the method chosen, documentation will contain the following minimum data: trainee name 

(last, first, middle initial), grade, organization, office symbol, occupational series or primary 

AFSEC, duty title, type of training, interval of training, date of training and trainer’s name. 

NOTE: Neither the trainer or trainee signature is required unless specified in writing by the 

applicable chain of authority. 

(Replace) 1.5.21.8. Ensure AF Form 1118, Notice of Hazard, issued by safety, fire protection 

and Bioenvironmental Engineering officials are posted to alert employees to the hazardous 

conditions, interim control measures, and take appropriate actions to promptly eliminate hazards 

and correct deficiencies. Ensure any hazards identified by an AF Form 1118 are added to the

JSTO and employees are trained on the interim control measures and documented IAW 

Attachment 5, Section A5.4. 

(Replace) 1.5.21.11. At deployed locations provide and document Job Safety Training as 

specified in paragraph 1.5.21.4. 

(Replace) 1.5.21.14. Attend Air Force Supervisor Safety Training (SST). Supervisors will 

document SST as specified in paragraph 1.5.21.4. 

(Replace) 1.5.22.12. Hand carry safety training documentation as specified in paragraph 

1.5.21.4. to the new supervisor when deploying or transferring to another Air Force 

position/location. 

(Replace) 2.2.4.4. Assist supervisors who develop JSTOs. 

(Replace) 2.3.2.3. Documenting Training. The safety staff allocates quotas, giving priority to 

newly assigned supervisory personnel. Safety staffs will update training completion in the 

Military Personnel Data System or applicable system. Supervisors will document SST IAW 

paragraph 1.5.21.4. 

(Replace) 2.3.3. Safety, Fire Protection and Health Training. Supervisors will develop a Job 

Safety Training Outline (JSTO) specifically tailored to address safety concerns of the work 

environment. The guide will encompass both safety awareness and job specific safety training. 

See listed mandatory training items in Attachment 5. 

(Replace) 2.3.3.3. Document safety, fire and health training as specified in paragraph 1.5.21.4. 

Documentation will be maintained by the supervisor within the work center. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.1. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.2. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.1. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.2. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.3. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.4. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.5. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.6.

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.7. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.8. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.9. 

(Delete) 2.6.2.3.10. 

(Delete) 2.6.3. 

(Add) 7.3.1.1.7.1. Avian radars are approved for use on Air Force airfields and ranges provided 

they are fielded in accordance with the UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning and 

Design. 

(Add) 7.3.1.1.7.2. Avian radars are systems specifically designed to detect hazardous wildlife 

flying around an airfield environment or specified low-level airspace. Applications of the avian 

radar may include, but are not limited to, airborne wildlife movement monitoring; detection of 

attractive habitats for wildlife exclusion, harassment and depredation; BWC determination; and 

flying window alteration. 

(Add) 6.4. Mishap Prevention Program. AFFOR deployed safety offices should establish and 

maintain all required mishap prevention programs as addressed in this instruction and applicable 

AOR procedures. AFFOR/SE will provide guidance and assistance as necessary. 

(Replace) 7.3.1.4. National Guard Bureau (NGB) will: 

(Replace) 7.3.1.4.1. Ensure each ANG installation/unit conducting or supporting flight 

operations has an annually reviewed written BASH plan. Ensure all tenant units, where 

applicable, are included in the ANG base BASH plan. 

(Replace) 7.3.1.4.2. Conduct on-site reviews of installation BASH programs, to include 

potential hazards and mitigation techniques, at least every 72 months. Coordinate as needed with 

HQ AFSEC/SEFW. Non-ANG tenant unit BASH programs will be reviewed by owning 

MAJCOMs at least every 36 months and may be scheduled during reoccurring inspections or 

staff assistance visits. 

(Replace) 7.3.1.4.3. Consider potential wildlife strike hazards when developing or revising 

operational procedures, training routes, ranges, instrument approach and departure procedures, 

establishing Memorandums of Agreement (MOAs) or low altitude tactical navigation areas. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.4. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.5. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.6.

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.6.1. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.6.2. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.6.3. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.7. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.8. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.9. 

(Delete) 7.3.1.4.10. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5. Wing, Base and Installation Safety Offices are responsible for the following: 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.1. Base Level BASH Program. Host Air Force, AFRC and ANG 

installations/units with flying operations will establish a BASH program. The BASH program 

will include all tenant-flying units. The BASH program requires complete documentation of 

local wildlife hazards, effects on missions and possible solutions to include hazards surrounding 

ranges used by local flying units. Tenant units located on an airfield that is not hosted by the Air 

Force, AFRC or ANG will establish a BASH program with the host authority (civilian airport, 

Naval Air Station, Federal airfield, etc.). The BASH program will document coordination with 

the host authority on reducing wildlife hazards. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.2. Review the BASH plan annually for accuracy and compliance with current 

directives, revising as necessary. Ensure all tenant units are included in the base BASH plan. If 

applicable, document avian radar operational procedures in the unit’s BASH Plan, Operational 

Instruction or local supplement prior to use. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.3. BASH programs at overseas locations depend on host nation support and 

regulations. MAJCOMs and the NGB will evaluate those plans to ensure the spirit of this 

instruction is complied with to the maximum extent possible. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.4. Each installation with flying operations must develop a contingency plan that 

lists responsibilities and procedures for wildlife control. Due to the complexities of hazard 

abatement and potential for loss of aircraft and crew, it is strongly recommended that a dedicated 

wildlife hazard management specialist be retained on staff. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.5. Establish a Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG) consisting of organizations 

involved in airfield wildlife control, natural resources management, operations and safety. The 

BHWG must meet at least semi-annually with minutes maintained. The vice installation 

commander or equivalent will chair the meeting. The BHWG will coordinate base improvement 

projects, e.g., grounds maintenance, wastewater treatment, golf courses, etc., for BASH-related 

issues.

(Add) 7.3.1.5.6. Develop a Bird Hazard Warning System to inform aircrews of possible flight 

hazards due to wildlife activity in local areas. Bird Watch Condition (BWC) codes will be used 

to communicate local wildlife activity along with location, number and type of wildlife. 

Installation BASH plans will specify aircrew notification procedures for BWC changes. The 

most expeditious means of communicating the status change should be used, e.g., ATC or SOF 

radio transmissions combined with ATIS updates or other broadcast medium. BWC codes are 

defined as: 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.6.1. SEVERE. Wildlife activity on or immediately above the active runway or 

other specific location representing high potential for strikes. Supervision and aircrews must 

thoroughly evaluate mission need before conducting operations in areas under condition 

SEVERE. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.6.2. MODERATE. Wildlife activity near the active runway or other specific 

location representing increased potential for strikes. BWC MODERATE requires increased 

vigilance by all agencies and supervisors and caution by aircrews. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.6.3. LOW. Wildlife activity on and around the airfield representing low potential 

for strikes. 

NOTE: BWC codes are based on observations of local airfield wildlife activity and are 

independent of Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) or Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) risk 

hazard levels. 

NOTE: BWC SEVERE or MODERATE requires action from the installation’s wildlife 

dispersal team to reduce the BWC to LOW as soon as possible. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.7. Designate Phase I and Phase II periods of wildlife activity based on historical 

wildlife activity information. Phase II represents times of significant increases in local wildlife 

activity, normally associated with migratory movements, seasonal increases of local wildlife 

populations, or local land use practices (farming, ranching, or hunting). Establish flight and 

scheduling procedures to minimize risks based on local hazards associated with Phase I and II. 

Publish Phase I and II designations in the appropriate DoD Flight Information Publications. 

Critical updates may be made using Notice to Airman System. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.8. Regardless of Phase designation, the highest levels of daily wildlife activity 

normally occur +/- one hour of sunrise/sunset as birds move to and from their roosts. Flight 

operations should be avoided during these periods unless mission essential. A risk analysis shall 

be completed to determine the potential risk to operations during these periods. Appropriate 

measures should be taken to mitigate the risk if required. Maintain a zero tolerance toward large 

free-roaming animals on or adjacent to the aircraft movement area (free-roaming animals are, but 

not limited to, deer, canines, geese, etc). 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.9. Grass Height. Mow aircraft movement area (AMA) to maintain a grass height 

between 7 and 14 inches. The AMA, as defined in UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport 

Planning and Design, is that area of the airfield encompassed by the Primary Surface and the

Clear Zones, as well as apron areas and taxiways, regardless of their location. As a minimum, 

turf shall be maintained 500 feet outside the AMA boundary where able. Installations located in 

arid climates where growing grass is difficult may develop natural vegetation on the airfield to 

limit attractiveness to wildlife. These situations require comprehensive vegetation/wildlife 

hazard management and will be reviewed individually by HQ AFSEC/SEFW for approval. 

Installation safety offices may request a grass height restriction waiver from HQ AFSEC/SEFW 

after MAJCOM coordination. 

(Add) 7.3.1.5.10. Technical Assistance. Technical assistance is available through the USAF 

BASH Team, HQ AFSEC/SEFW, 9700 G Avenue, Suite 266, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5670. 

DSN: 246-5674/5848/5673 or Commercial: (505) 846-xxxx, and electronically by accessing the 

Safety Center web page. Obtain additional information on wildlife strike hazard reduction from 

AFPAM 91-212, Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Management Techniques, and on 

wildlife strike reporting from AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports, and AFMAN 91- 

223, Aviation Safety Investigations and Reports. 

(Replace) 8.5.4. Assist supervisors in developing JSTO. 

(Replace) 8.7.4.1.5. Functional managers must train affected employees and employee 

representatives on approved variances, exemptions or any special procedures required and 

document training. Post copies in affected work areas until integrated into the JSTO. 

(Add) A3.8.3. Forward HATR summary information to AFSEC/SEFO when requested and/or if 

HAF level assistance is needed to mitigate hazards. 

(Delete) A.2.3.1. 

(Delete) A.2.3.2. 

(Delete) A.2.3.3. 

(Delete) A.2.3.4. 

(Delete) A.2.3.1.. 

(Add) A2.3.1. The nomenclature, manufacturer and status of each equipment item for each 

Model Design Series. 

(Add) A2.3.2. If an update or procurement is in progress document the current configuration, 

the new configuration, its Initial Operational Capability (IOC) date and its expected completion 

date by Fiscal Year Quarter. 

(Add) A2.3.3. If an item is planned but not funded, do not report it. If an item is in source 

selection, report it as to be determined (TBD) and include estimated IOC and completion dates.

(Add) A2.3.4. If an item is installed only on a portion of the fleet; identify the extent of its 

installation (e.g., 20% of fleet). 

(Add) A2.3.5. Elaboration of each data element and requests for more detailed information is 

provided in the descriptions below. For each item, provide a Point of Contact to address further 

questions or clarifications. 

(Delete) A3.10. 

(Delete) A3.10.1. 

(Delete) 3.10.2. 

(Delete) 3.10.3. 

(Replace) A5.1. Mandatory items that will be briefed to all personnel. This Job Safety 

Training Outline will be used to develop a job safety training guide from which all individuals 

within the work center will be trained. This JSTO lists mandatory items that will be briefed to all 

personnel. The following areas will be discussed in detail by the immediate supervisor with all 

employees upon initial assignment prior to starting work or when work conditions or tasks 

change. Document training as specified in paragraph 1.5.21.4. Deployed and installation 

commanders may dictate more stringent requirements. 

(Replace) A5.3. Documentation of Training. Document training as specified in paragraph 

1.5.21.4. 

(Replace) A5.4. Maintenance and Disposition of Training Documentation Product. Maintain as 

prescribed by the records disposition schedule 

(https://www.my.af.mil/afrims/afrims/afrims/rims.cfm), Table & Rule: T 91 - 04 R 24.00 or T 91 

- 04 R 25.00. Supervisors will maintain the training documentation product prescribed in 

paragraph 1.5.21.4. When an individual deploys/transfers to another Air Force position/location, 

the training documentation product will be hand carried to the new supervisor by the individual. 

The new supervisor will review the training documentation product, transfer current training 

completion dates as necessary and initial HAZCOM date and other onetime training to a new 

training documentation product if necessary and retain the old product IAW the Air Force 

Records Disposition Schedule. The supervisor will destroy the training documentation product 

after personnel are separated or retired.

BY ORDER OF THE 

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE 

AIR FORCE INSTRUCTION 91-202 

5 AUGUST 2011 

Incorporating Change 1, 20 March 2012 

Safety 

THE US AIR FORCE MISHAP 

PREVENTION PROGRAM 

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY 

ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available for downloading or ordering on the e- 

Publishing website at www.e-Publishing.af.mil. 

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication. 

OPR: HQ AFSC/SEG 

Supersedes: Supersedes: AFI 92-202, 1 

August 1998; AFI 91-301, 1 

June 1996; AFI 91-302, 18 

April 1994 

Certified by: AF/SE 

(Maj Gen Gregory A. Feest) 

Pages: 149 

This instruction implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 91-2, Safety Programs. It 

establishes mishap prevention program requirements, assigns responsibilities for program 

elements and contains program management information. Requirements in this publication are 

mandatory, unless indicated otherwise, and apply to all US Air Force organizations and 

personnel, including US Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) units, all Air National Guard 

(ANG) personnel on duty status, with the exception of state employees. In overseas areas, follow 

this instruction as long as it consistent with host country laws and Status-of-Forces Agreements. 

This instruction implements North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization 

Agreements (STANAGs) 3101, Exchange of Safety Information Concerning Aircraft and 

Missiles, 3102, Flight Safety Cooperation in Common Ground/Air Space, 3531, Safety 

Investigation and Reporting of Accident/Incidents Involving Military Aircraft and/or Missiles, 

and 3750, Reporting and Investigation of Air Traffic Incidents. Send major command 

(MAJCOM) supplements to HQ AFSC/SE Org Box, 9700 G Avenue, Kirtland AFB NM 87117- 

5670, for coordination and approval before publication. Unless noted otherwise, Air Force Chief 

of Safety is the waiver authority for provisions in this instruction. Refer recommended changes 

and questions about this publication to the Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) using the AF 

Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route AF Form 847s from the field 

through the appropriate functional’s change of command. All requests for changes, 

interpretations or clarifications concerning this publication must be forwarded through 

MAJCOM/Direct Reporting Unit (DRU)/Field Operating Agency (FOA) safety organization,

2 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

who, in turn, as applicable, will forward to HQ AFSC. Ensure that all records created as a result 

of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with AFMAN 33-363, 

Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with Air Force Records Information 

Management System (AFRIMS) Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) located at 

https://www.my.af.mil/gcss-af61a/afrims/afrims/. This instruction requires collecting and 

maintaining information protected by the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552A) and AFI 33-332, 

Privacy Act Program. 

No T.O., Instruction or Operating Instruction can address every hazard or potential hazard that 

may arise from a specific task or combination of tasks. Where situations exist that are not 

covered by existing directives, use a Risk Management (RM) process to assess risk associated 

with those situations and determine adequate safeguards or procedures to manage the risk. Refer 

to AFPAM 90-902, Operational Risk Management (ORM) Guidelines and Tools, for guidance 

on using the RM process. NOTE: The RM process may not be used to violate directives or other 

regulatory guidance. Normal waiver or variance procedures must be followed in all cases (refer 

to AFI 91-202). 

SUMMARY OF CHANGES 

This interim change corrects erroneous references, updates terminology, makes Pre-Departure 

Briefings and High Risk Activity Programs optional, clarifies the intent and applicability of the 

requirement for professional continuing education and training, specifies the role of ESOH 

Councils and removes the reference to Safety Councils, but emphasizes that ESOH Council 

Safety Sub-Groups can be convened to ensure full review and oversight of safety-related matters, 

offers significant enhancements to Chapter 6, Deployment and Contingency Safety, clarifies 

reporting responsibilities for OSHA visits to Air Force installations, provides revised language 

on the duty of the DoD Explosives Safety Board, adds an Annual Hazard Abatement Program 

Survey Report template, updates hazard severity thresholds to coincide with AFI 91-204, Safety 

Investigations and Reports, and adds a process to guide the 1S0X1 retrainee evaluation process. 

Chapter 1—PROGRAM OVERVIEW 8 

1.1. Purpose. .................................................................................................................. 8 

1.2. Mishap Prevention Program. ................................................................................. 8 

1.3. Mishap Prevention Program Disciplines (Aviation, Ground, etc. ......................... 8 

1.4. Applying Standards. ............................................................................................... 8 

1.5. Program Responsibilities. ...................................................................................... 9 

1.6. General Guidance Related to Recording Occupational Injuries and Illnesses. ...... 27 

Chapter 2—SAFETY ORGANIZATION 29 

2.1. Safety Staff. ........................................................................................................... 29 

2.2. Unit Safety Representative (USR). ........................................................................ 32 

2.3. Safety Education/Training. .................................................................................... 33

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 3 

2.4. Safety Office Vehicles and Equipment. ................................................................. 34 

2.5. Library. .................................................................................................................. 35 

2.6. Councils and Committees. ..................................................................................... 36 

2.7. Non-USAF Councils and Committees. .................................................................. 37 

2.8. Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) Safety Programs. ........................ 37 

2.9. Range Safety Programs. ......................................................................................... 38 

Chapter 3—SAFETY EVALUATIONS, INSPECTIONS, STAFF ASSISTANCE VISITS 

AND OTHER INSPECTIONS 39 

3.1. General. .................................................................................................................. 39 

Table 3.1. Safety Evaluations, Assessments and Inspections. ................................................ 39 

3.2. Safety Program Evaluations. .................................................................................. 40 

3.3. Safety Program Assessments. ................................................................................ 40 

3.4. Annual Safety Inspections. .................................................................................... 40 

3.5. Spot Inspections. .................................................................................................... 42 

3.6. High Interest Areas. ............................................................................................... 43 

3.7. Administrative Areas. ............................................................................................ 43 

3.8. Special and Seasonal Inspections. .......................................................................... 43 

3.9. Staff Assistance Visits (SAV). ............................................................................... 43 

3.10. Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Compliance Assessment and 

Management Program (ESOHCAMP). ................................................................. 44 

3.11. Department of Labor (DoL) Inspections. ............................................................... 44 

3.12. Contract Performance Assessment. ....................................................................... 44 

Chapter 4—HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND REPORTING 46 

4.1. Hazard Identification. ............................................................................................ 46 

4.2. Reporting Criteria. ................................................................................................. 46 

4.3. Hazard Reporting Procedures. ............................................................................... 46 

4.4. Additional Reporting Procedures. .......................................................................... 47 

4.5. Employee Appeal Procedures. ............................................................................... 47 

4.6. Risk Reduction and Mitigation. ............................................................................. 48 

Chapter 5—INFORMATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 49 

5.1. Information Protection. .......................................................................................... 49 

5.2. Safety Information. ................................................................................................ 49 

5.3. Recurring Publications. .......................................................................................... 49

4 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

5.4. Methods of Information Distribution. .................................................................... 49 

5.5. Mishap Analysis Program. ..................................................................................... 50 

5.6. Mishap Prevention Analysis Methods. .................................................................. 50 

5.7. Use of Analyzed Data. ........................................................................................... 51 

5.8. Safety Analysis Team (SAT) Process. ................................................................... 51 

5.9. Air Force Culture Assessment Safety Tool (AFCAST). ........................................ 51 

5.10. Organizational Safety Assessment (OSA). ............................................................ 52 

5.11. Standard Mishap Metrics. ...................................................................................... 52 

5.12. Calculating Federal Employee Compensation Metric (Rate). ............................... 54 

Chapter 6—DEPLOYMENT AND CONTINGENCY SAFETY 55 

6.1. Deployment and Contingency Safety Program. ..................................................... 55 

6.2. AFFOR/SE. ............................................................................................................ 56 

6.3. AFFOR Deployed Unit Safety Functions and Organizations. ............................... 56 

6.4. Mishap Prevention Program. ................................................................................. 56 

6.5. Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Safety Awards. ................................................... 61 

6.6. AFFOR/SE Visits. ................................................................................................. 61 

6.7. AFFOR Hazard Review Board (HRB). ................................................................. 62 

6.8. Theater Safety Engagement Program. ................................................................... 62 

Chapter 7—AVIATION SAFETY 63 

7.1. Program Management. ........................................................................................... 63 

7.2. Plans. ...................................................................................................................... 63 

7.3. Programs. ............................................................................................................... 63 

7.4. Aero Club Operations. ........................................................................................... 68 

7.5. Training Meetings and Briefings. .......................................................................... 68 

7.6. Inspections/Assessments and Monitoring. ............................................................. 69 

7.7. Airfield Maintenance, Construction and Waivers. ................................................. 70 

Chapter 8—GROUND SAFETY 72 


8.2. Oversight Requirements. ........................................................................................ 72 

8.3. Host Ground Safety Staff Responsibilities. ........................................................... 72 

8.4. Tenant Unit and GSU Responsibilities. ................................................................. 74 

8.5. Ground Unit Safety Representative (USR) Responsibilities. ................................ 74

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 5 

8.6. Hazard Identification and Abatement. ................................................................... 75 

8.7. Air Force Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) Guidance. .......................... 75 

8.8. Department of Labor (DoL) Inspection. ................................................................ 77 

8.9. DoL Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Visit Summary. .. 79 

8.10. DoL Inspection of Contractor Operations. ............................................................. 79 

8.11. Safety and Health Standards Enforcement. ........................................................... 80 

Chapter 9—WEAPONS SAFETY 81 


9.2. Weapons Safety Personnel Management and Manning Plan. ................................ 81 

9.3. Explosives Safety Standards. ................................................................................. 81 

9.4. Weapons Safety Personnel. .................................................................................... 82 

9.5. Weapons Safety Program Requirements. .............................................................. 83 

9.6. Missile Safety. ....................................................................................................... 84 

9.7. Nuclear Surety. ...................................................................................................... 84 

9.8. Directed Energy Weapons (DEW). ........................................................................ 84 

9.9. Munitions Rapid Response Team. ......................................................................... 84 

9.10. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB). ................................ 84 

9.11. Weapons Safety Training. ...................................................................................... 85 

9.12. Weapons Safety Committees. ................................................................................ 86 

Chapter 10—SPACE SAFETY 87 


10.2. Program Overview. ................................................................................................ 87 

10.3. Space Control Systems. ......................................................................................... 87 

10.4. Design, Development, Integration and Testing. .................................................... 87 

10.5. Launch, Range and Reentry Safety. ....................................................................... 87 

10.6. Orbital Safety. ........................................................................................................ 87 

10.7. Space Safety Council (SSC). ................................................................................. 87 

10.8. Space Safety Training. ........................................................................................... 88 

10.9. Space Nuclear Safety. ............................................................................................ 88 

10.10. Space Asset Interaction with Directed Energy Systems. ....................................... 88 

Chapter 11—SYSTEM SAFETY 89 

11.1. Overview. ............................................................................................................... 89

6 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

11.2. Responsibilities. ..................................................................................................... 90 

11.3. System Safety Groups (SSG). ................................................................................ 97 

11.4. Networks, Automated Information Systems, and Non-Developmental Items. ...... 99 

11.5. System Safety Engineering Analysis (SSEA). ....................................................... 99 

Chapter 12—HAZARD ABATEMENT 101 

12.1. Purpose. .................................................................................................................. 101 

12.2. Responsibilities. ..................................................................................................... 101 

12.3. Planning and Engineering. ..................................................................................... 101 

12.4. Procedural Actions. ................................................................................................ 101 

12.5. Hazard Elimination Hierarchy. .............................................................................. 101 

12.6. Hazard Abatement Requirements. ......................................................................... 102 

Figure 12.1. ANNUAL HAZARD ABATEMENT PROGRAM SURVEY REPORT (RCS: 

HAF-SEC(A) 9363) MAJCOM--FOA--DRU SECTION A—HAZARDS 

ABATED DURING FY__. .................................................................................... 102 

12.7. Imminent Danger Situations. ................................................................................. 104 

12.8. Posting Hazards. .................................................................................................... 104 

12.9. Installation Hazard Abatement Plans. .................................................................... 104 

12.10. Funding for Hazard Abatement. ............................................................................ 105 

12.11. End of Year Annual Hazard Abatement Survey Report. ....................................... 105 

Figure 12.2. (MAJCOM/FOA /DRU) ANNUAL HAZARD ABATEMENT SURVEY 

REPORT (RCS: HAF-SEC(A) 9363) OSH HAZARDS - PROGRAMMED 

(UNFUNDED) RAC 1 Annual Hazard Abatement Survey Report. ...................... 105 

Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 107 

Attachment 2—USAF AVIATION SAFETY EQUIPMENT DATABASE REPORTING 118 

Attachment 3—HAZARDOUS AIR TRAFFIC REPORT PROGRAM 120 

Attachment 4—MISHAP RESPONSE 124 

Attachment 5—JOB SAFETY TRAINING OUTLINE (JSTO) 126 

Attachment 6—JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) 129 

Attachment 7—RISK ASSESMENT CODES (RAC) 131 

Attachment 8—ABATEMENT PRIORITY NUMBER 133 

Attachment 9—INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING AF FORM 1118, NOTICE OF 

HAZARD 135

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 7 

Attachment 10—INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING AF FORM 3, HAZARD 

ABATEMENT PLAN 136 

Attachment 11—PRE-DEPARTURE SAFETY BRIEFING GUIDE (EXAMPLES ONLY) 139 

Attachment 12—AIR FORCE OFF-DUTY HIGH-RISK ACTIVITIES PROGRAM 140 

Attachment 13—CONTINUING EDUCATION AND TRAINING COURSES 141 

Attachment 14—SAFETY EDUCATION AND TRAINING 142 

Attachment 15—PREPARATION OF RISK ASSESSMENTS 144 

Attachment 16—1S0X1 RETRAINEE EVALUATION PROCESS 147

8 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Chapter 1 

PROGRAM OVERVIEW 

1.1. Purpose. Minimize loss of Air Force resources and protect Air Force people from death, 

injuries or illnesses by managing risks on- and off-duty. This program applies to all operations 

except where otherwise prescribed or specified in Status-of-Forces Agreements. 

1.2. Mishap Prevention Program. Commanders at all levels are responsible for developing 

and implementing a mishap prevention program. Safety staffs at all levels assist commanders 

with the implementation and integration of risk management into all on-duty operations and 

missions, and off-duty activities. 

1.3. Mishap Prevention Program Disciplines (Aviation, Ground, etc. ). Each mishap 

prevention program discipline will have a more detailed description of functional management 

responsibilities and risk management processes in specific AFIs, standards and manuals. Air 

Force Host and Tenant safety offices will implement this program in accordance with (IAW) the 

requirements of this instruction. Any inter-organization and inter-service agreements will be 

addressed in support agreements. Regardless of any support agreement or executive agency 

guidelines, requirements for this instruction must be satisfied. Mishap prevention programs will 

address: 

1.3.1. Target groups at increased risk for mishaps, injury or illness as directed by the 

commander. 

1.3.2. Process for tracking and trending incidents, as well as methods for determining 

program effectiveness. 

1.3.3. Funding for safety programs. 

1.3.4. Metrics for measuring performance (See examples in Chapter 5). 

1.3.5. Safety goals, objectives and milestones that support Air Force established goals. 

1.3.6. Methods to identify and disseminate safety ―best practices.‖ 

1.4. Applying Standards. All Air Force units must comply with applicable safety guidance 

during all Air Force operations. MAJCOMs, DRUs and FOAs may supplement Air Force 

Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) guidance when additional or more stringent safety, 

fire prevention and health criteria are required. When there is conflicting guidance, use the 

guidance that provides the most protection. 

1.4.1. The Air Force publishes industrial and general ground safety guidance as Air Force 

instructions, which implement Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 

standards. Area-specific instructions and technical data include other safety criteria. When 

AFOSH guidance or safety criteria do not cover a situation, use non-Air Force standards 

including national consensus standards, professional safety and health standards, and other 

Federal agency standards. Air Force activities must comply with OSHA requirements at all 

times unless the military-unique exemption applies according to DoDI 6055.1, DoD Safety 

and Occupational Health Program, paragraph E3.4.5. NOTE: AFOSH guidance must be 

followed at all times. They implement parts of OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 9 

(CFR), and include additional requirements not addressed by the OSHA standards. In 

addition, safety, fire prevention and occupational health requirements in equipment technical 

orders (TO) must be followed at all times. 

1.4.2. Commanders, functional managers, supervisors and individuals must support and 

comply with mishap prevention programs. An effective program depends on individual 

integration of mishap prevention program responsibilities. Safety committees should be 

considered at all levels of program integration. Risk management at all functional levels both 

on- and off-duty must meet minimum safety requirements and should be working towards 

exceeding them with an ultimate goal of achieving zero mishaps. 

1.4.3. Commanders, functional managers and supervisors at all levels will establish specific 

procedures and measurements to ensure compliance with program standards. 

1.5. Program Responsibilities. 

1.5.1. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment and Logistics 

(SAF/IE). 

1.5.1.1. The SAF/IE is the Department of the Air Force’s Designated Agency Safety and 

Health Officer (DASHO). The SAF/IE delegates program responsibilities, except the 

DASHO duties, to the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and 

Occupational Health (SAF/IEE). 

1.5.1.2. Provides policy, guidance, direction and oversight of all matters pertaining to the 

formulation, review and execution of plans, policies, programs and budgets relative to the 

mishap prevention and Environment, Safety and Occupational Health (ESOH) programs. 

1.5.1.3. SAF/IE is the program lead for the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). 

SAF/IE will advocate for corporate resource commitment for VPP 

implementation/execution. However, MAJCOMs are responsible for resourcing their 

programs. 

1.5.2. Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Occupational Health 

(SAF/IEE): 

1.5.2.1. As delegated by the SAF/IE, provides policy, guidance, direction and oversight 

of all matters pertaining to the formulation, review and execution of plans, policies, 

programs and budgets relative to the mishap prevention and Environment, Safety and 

Occupational Health (ESOH) programs. Oversees implementation of those programs. 

1.5.2.2. Conducts periodic program management reviews (PMR) of the Air Force ESOH 

programs, at least annually, with AF/SE and AF/SG. Reports the progress of the Air 

Force ESOH programs to the Deputy Undersecretary of Defense (Installations and 

Environment (DUSD (I&E)), as requested. 

1.5.3. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition (SAF/AQ): 

1.5.3.1. Develops policy and gives guidance to ensure that technical and engineering 

criteria for developing and acquiring Air Force systems and equipment conforms with 

OSHA, AFOSH, explosives safety standards and other applicable safety criteria to ensure 

safe systems and equipment are developed by the Air Force. Provides direction and 

guidance to ensure test facilities and ranges, laboratories and related industrial facilities

10 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

conform with OSHA, AFOSH, explosives safety standards and other applicable safety 

criteria. 

1.5.3.2. Coordinates guidance and federal acquisition regulations involving AFOSH 

matters with AF/SE, SAF/IE and Air Force Surgeon General (AF/SG). 

1.5.3.3. Ensures program developmental and sustaining engineering activities include the 

identification and elimination of hazards when possible and the mitigation of risks for 

hazards that cannot be eliminated throughout the life cycle of a system or facility 

including operational experience, mission changes, environmental effects or system 

modifications. Provides policy guidance to ensure hazards associated with 

decommissioning or disposal of a system are identified. 

1.5.3.4. Develops Air Force policy and guidance for the implementation of safety and 

health requirements during acquisition and sustainment life cycle management. Ensures 

contracts include FAR/DFARS/AFFARS safety clauses. 

1.5.4. The Assistant Secretary of the Financial Management and Comptroller (SAF/FM): 

1.5.4.1. Determines process for Risk Assessment Code (RAC) funding visibility, priority 

and implementation procedures for funding the abatement of safety, fire and health 

hazards. 

1.5.4.2. Encourages use of the RAC system on Resource Allocation Programming 

Decision Systems used during the corporate budgeting process. 

1.5.5. The Air Force Surgeon General (AF/SG): 

1.5.5.1. Establishes policy and standards for occupational and environmental health. 

1.5.5.2. Ensures Air Force occupational and environmental health programs meet or 

exceed OSHA and other applicable requirements. 

1.5.5.3. Develops policies which support the Air Force mishap prevention program. 

Develops and publishes AFOSH standards. 

1.5.5.4. Develops and encourages use of human factors standards in mishap prevention. 

Ensures use of tools that address human error identification and reduction related to 

fatigue, stress and other emotional, psychological or physiological factors. 

1.5.5.5. Provides subject matter experts (SMEs) in human factors. These personnel 

include aerospace medicine specialists, flight surgeons, aviation psychologists, and 

aerospace and operational physiologists. 

1.5.6. The Deputy Chief of Staff Logistics, Installations and Mission Support (AF/A4/7): 

1.5.6.1. Ensures maintenance and logistics policy addresses and complies with all 

applicable safety and health standards. 

1.5.6.2. Ensures Air Force procedures for transporting, storing, handling and using 

hazardous materials and waste comply with environmental statutes and occupational 

regulations to reduce mishaps.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 11 

1.5.6.3. Ensures civil engineering procedures, operations, technical publications and 

designs for new construction meet or exceed OSHA and AFOSH standards, as well as 

explosives and other safety criteria. 

1.5.6.4. Ensures that policy addresses and mitigates the potential for human error 

associated with logistics and engineering activities. 

1.5.7. The Deputy Chief of Staff Personnel (AF/A1): 

1.5.7.1. Develops policy on personnel matters relating to safety. 

1.5.7.2. Provides guidance for commanders and supervisory personnel to meet 

accountability and performance requirements for the AFOSH program. 

1.5.7.3. Provides guidance for dealing with employees and employee representatives on 

AFOSH matters. 

1.5.7.4. Is the OPR for Federal Employees and Compensation Act (FECA) at the Air 

Staff level. 

1.5.8. The Air Force Chief of Safety (AF/SE). 

1.5.8.1. Is the office of primary responsibility (OPR) for Air Force safety programs. 

1.5.8.2. Directs implementation of Public Law, Executive Orders, Department of 

Defense Directives (DoDD) and Department of Defense Instructions (DoDI) on safety. 

1.5.8.3. Directs implementation of the Air Force Mishap Prevention Program. 

1.5.8.4. Emphasizes safety management strategies to drive safety management system 

requirements at CONUS locations and to the maximum extent possible at OCONUS 

locations. 

1.5.8.5. Provides direct liaison with MAJCOM Chiefs of Safety on safety management 

system implementation by providing training, Subject Matter Experts and incorporating 

safety management system principles into existing training courses. 

1.5.9. The Air Force Safety Center (HQ AFSC), under the direction of the AF/SE: 

1.5.9.1. Develops, implements and oversees Air Force Mishap Prevention Programs. 

1.5.9.2. Develops safety programs and policies, and establishes guidelines. 

1.5.9.3. Acts as liaison for safety matters with Department of Defense (DoD) 

components, Federal Agencies and private sector groups. 

1.5.9.4. Prepares and publishes AFOSH standards covering Air Force-unique operations 

and provides implementation guidance for applicable standards. Develops special 

guidance for Air Force operations where OSHA and AFOSH guidance is not available or 

is inadequate. Serves as the approving authority and repository for all safety-related 

variances within the Air Force. 

1.5.9.5. Coordinates testing to ensure Air Force compliance with DoD Explosives Safety 

standards. 

1.5.9.6. Develops procedural rules to ensure compliance with DoD and Department of 

Energy (DOE) rules related to nuclear systems.

12 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

1.5.9.7. Coordinates, facilitates, develops and provides safety education and training 

where appropriate. 

1.5.9.8. In coordination with MAJCOMs, ensures identified safety hazards and 

deficiencies are managed by the hazard abatement program (Chapter 12). 

1.5.9.9. Performs safety program evaluations and/or Staff Assistance Visits (SAVs) of 

MAJCOMs at least every 36 months. 

1.5.9.10. Conducts program evaluations of DRUs and FOAs at least every 36 months. 

1.5.9.11. Conducts Organizational Safety Assessments (OSA) of organizations or wings, 

as requested by commanders. 

1.5.9.12. Conducts Safety Analysis Team (SAT) hazard and mishap trend analysis for 

organizations or wings, as directed by AF/SE. 

1.5.9.13. Reviews records disposition for functional records IAW AFMAN 33-363, 

Management of Records. 

1.5.9.14. Provides and maintains a centralized suite of mishap reporting, data collection 

and analytical tools or resources for use at all levels of the Air Force Safety enterprise. 

1.5.9.15. Conducts specialized analyses and studies at the request of the Chief of Staff, 

Air Force Chief of Safety, Headquarters Air Force, MAJCOM Commanders and 

Congress. 

1.5.9.16. Provides discipline-specific subject matter experts (SME) in occupational 

safety. 

1.5.9.17. Coordinates with applicable agencies to ensure safety requirements and issues 

(e.g., safety related FAR clauses) are addressed in guidance and directives. 

1.5.9.18. Serves as consultants on assessments, evaluations and mitigation of human 

factors and human performance hazards. 

1.5.9.19. Performs Air Force level trend analysis and publishes results. 

1.5.9.20. Serves as safety consultants for safety related investigations. 

1.5.9.21. Maintains and upgrades AFSAS network database. 

1.5.10. MAJCOM/NAF Commanders: 

1.5.10.1. Direct the development of, and provide resources for programs that implement 

the mishap prevention program. 

1.5.10.2. Establish and maintain a safety program that provides a safe and healthful 

workplace. Ensure command guidelines meet or exceed applicable safety requirements. 

1.5.10.3. Ensure subordinate commanders enforce compliance with safety requirements. 

1.5.10.4. Ensure a process is in place for new commanders to receive training on their 

safety responsibilities. 

1.5.10.5. Develop procedures to identify command mishap trends and direct actions and 

resources targeted at reversing identified adverse mishap trends.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 13 

1.5.10.6. Ensure safety program requirements and mishap prevention are part of the 

measurement of subordinate commanders, and senior civilian supervisory personnel’s 

performance using guidance provided by AF/A1. 

1.5.10.7. Establish funding priorities for hazard abatement projects during the MAJCOM 

corporate planning, programming and budgeting process. 

1.5.10.8. Coordinate safety directives, instructions and supplements with HQ AFSC. 

MAJCOM programming plans, safety annexes CONOPs, etc., should be shared with HQ 

AFSC and MAJCOM safety staffs as benchmark items. When such documents impact 

other commands, coordination with HQ AFSC is required. 

1.5.10.9. Ensure command personnel are aware of commander’s goals and related 

expectations for safety. 

1.5.10.10. Ensure contracts include provisions requiring contractors to maintain an 

effective safety and health program on Air Force-owned sites that complies with 

applicable DoL, DoD and Air Force safety standards. 

1.5.10.11. Ensure all personnel are provided requisite formal and informal training 

courses, educational programs and other activities to enable them to meet their respective 

mishap prevention responsibilities. 

1.5.10.12. Chair the MAJCOM Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Council 

according to AFI 90-801, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Councils. 

1.5.10.13. Support and ensure installations execute cooperative efforts to reduce injuries 

and illness across the Air Force by implementing safety and occupational health 

management systems at CONUS locations and to the maximum extent possible 

OCONUS locations. 

1.5.11. MAJCOM and/or NAF Safety Staffs: 

1.5.11.1. Evaluate management, implementation and effectiveness of the Air Force 

Mishap Prevention Program within the command and report results directly to 

MAJCOM/NAF Commander. Ensure the evaluation criteria include a qualitative rating 

system (e.g. 2-tier, 5-tier, etc.) with written criteria, to measure compliance and 

effectiveness of the safety program. 

1.5.11.2. Track program evaluation deficiencies and monitor corrective actions until 

closure. For safety offices rated marginal or unsatisfactory, ensure appropriate follow-up 

actions, to include SAVs if necessary, are taken to correct deficiencies. 

1.5.11.3. Review and analyze applicable mishap reports from other organizations for 

―lessons learned.‖ Distribute mishap prevention data and other safety related 

communications to subordinate units. 

1.5.11.4. Establish a proactive mishap prevention program to assist and advise 

commanders and supervisors at all levels with their responsibility to ensure plans, 

procedures, facilities, equipment modifications/acquisitions, hardware, software and 

operations receive a safety review and incorporate effective risk management, hazard 

elimination and mishap reduction features.

14 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

1.5.11.5. Represent the cross-functional interest of their command during applicable 

councils, committees and meetings, e.g., Senior Safety Advisory Council (SSAC), 

Ground Safety Corporate Committee (GSCC), Non-Nuclear Munitions Safety Board, 

Explosives Safety Committee, etc. 

1.5.11.6. Coordinate with appropriate staff agencies to ensure explosives site plans 

comply with explosives and other safety criteria. Forwards explosives site plans for 

review and coordination to HQ AFSC/SEW IAW AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety 

Standards. 

1.5.11.7. Track and advocate for funding of safety training for command safety 

personnel. Maintain a current list of safety training courses required/completed by each 

career safety professional, as defined by paragraph 2.1.2, to include name of course(s), 

date courses completed and courses required. MAJCOM can delegate tracking of 

training. Advocate safety training and required funding to assist command personnel in 

meeting their continuing education unit (CEU) requirements through various funding 

sources available, i.e., civilian personnel, base level civilian training, AFPC, Federal 

Safety and Health councils, etc., as well as organizational funding. Evaluate local training 

of personnel during program evaluations. Manage and track required training of all safety 

personnel to include Air Education and Training Command (AETC), HQ AFSC, Air 

Force Institute of Technology, OSHA and other safety related courses. Each level of the 

Air Force shares a responsibility for training of safety and health personnel. 29 CFR 

1960.56, Training of Safety and Health Specialists, DoDI 6055.1, E3.3, Safety and 

Occupational Health Training, Education, and Qualifications, 29 CFR 1960.7, Financial 

Management, AFI 36-401, Employee Training and Development, and AFI 36-2201, Air 

Force Training Program, discuss responsibilities for funding and ensuring safety and 

health personnel are properly trained to function effectively as safety and health advisors 

to commanders and management officials. 

1.5.11.8. Develop supplements for Air Force Instructions and AFOSH guidance when 

command unique operations exist. Submit supplements to HQ AFSC for approval prior to 

publication. 

1.5.11.9. For all mishap investigations conducted by subordinate units, safety 

investigation boards or a single investigating officer, ensure compliance with the 

reporting criteria outlined in AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports, and the 

applicable manuals: AFMAN 91-221, Weapons Safety Investigations and Reports, 

AFMAN 91-222, Space Safety Investigations and Reports, AFMAN 91-223, Aviation 

Safety Investigations and Reports, and AFMAN 91-224, Ground Safety Investigations 

and Reports. 

1.5.11.10. Review mishap investigation reports for thoroughness and accuracy. Ensure 

the findings, causes and recommendations of reports comply with the direction in AFI 

91-204. 

1.5.11.11. Ensure a process is in place to identify and track training of potential safety 

investigation board members. 

1.5.11.12. Ensure individuals with access to privileged safety information receive annual 

training on the proper handling procedures and document the training.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 15 

1.5.11.13. Assist commanders and functional managers on implementation and 

integration of risk management language into command operations and instructions to 

include RM and risk assessment processes. 

1.5.11.14. MAJCOM supplements should delineate methods for accomplishing safety 

program management responsibilities to include, at a minimum, guidance on: 

1.5.11.14.1. The frequency and requirements of SAVs for subordinate units. 

1.5.11.14.2. Conducting analysis at the installation level and below; resources 

available to identify and analyze mishap trends and guidance on how to present this 

data to subordinate units and commanders for mishap prevention. 

1.5.11.14.3. Tracking all open Class A/B mishap safety recommendations with OPR 

within their command to closure. For Class C and D mishaps MAJCOM will develop 

internal procedures IAW AFI 91-204 for units to effectively manage final disposition 

of recommendations. 

1.5.11.14.4. Reviewing safety alert messages (which could come from a number of 

sources, e.g., manufactures, users, Program Managers, etc.) and ensuring all 

subordinate units take appropriate actions. 

1.5.11.14.5. Coordinating and processing annual and recurring safety awards. 

1.5.11.14.6. Providing command unique training to subordinate units’ safety staff. 

1.5.11.14.7. Ensuring deployable safety personnel are properly trained prior to 

deployment. 

1.5.11.14.8. Responsibilities and/or expectations of the NAFs in regards to the 

management and implementation of the Air Force Mishap Prevention Program. 

NOTE: This does not absolve the MAJCOM of the responsibility for program. 

1.5.12. Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC): 

1.5.12.1. Acts as the safety staff for the Program Executive Officer (PEO) or equivalent. 

This is not applicable to space and missile systems, activities and operations under 

control of Space and Missile System Center (SMC). 

1.5.12.2. Develops policy and provides guidance on applying System Safety 

management and engineering to AFMC-managed systems. 

1.5.12.3. Identifies and corrects product safety deficiencies, gives technical assistance to 

mishap investigation boards, and implements corrective action involving materiel safety 

aspects of mishap reports as required by AFI 91-204. Manages budgets provided for 

mishap investigation support. 

1.5.12.4. Ensures system, aviation, space, ground, directed energy and 

weapons/explosives safety experts are consulted very early in the life cycles of their 

acquisition programs. 

1.5.12.5. Maintains a master hazard abatement program for centrally procured systems 

and equipment applied to end products.

16 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

1.5.12.6. Ensures design criteria developed complies with: commercial standards, 

military requirements and joint standards, as well as applicable AFOSH and/or OSHA 

requirements. 

1.5.12.7. Periodically reviews design handbooks, technical orders (TOs), military 

specifications, military standards and allowance standards (AS) to ensure safety and 

health criteria and procedures in those documents comply with safety guidance. Ensures 

human factors and reduction of human error potential are factored into the same, through 

the use of System Safety Groups, Human Factors review, etc., based on inputs from 

System Safety and Human Systems Integration (HSI) activities supporting programs. 

1.5.12.8. Monitors the Government-Industry Data Exchange Program, distributes 

information and corrective action to eliminate or reduce use of hazardous products. 

1.5.12.9. Develops and encourages use of human factors standards in mishap prevention. 

Ensures use of tools that address human error identification and reduction related to 

fatigue, stress and other emotional, psychological or physiological factors. 

1.5.13. Air Education and Training Command (AETC): 

1.5.13.1. Ensures mishap prevention programs and risk management concepts are 

embedded in basic and technical training. Incorporates AFOSH program orientation into 

training programs for accessions. 

1.5.13.2. Reviews new and revised technical training course specialty and job 

qualification training objectives and outlines to ensure safety requirements are being met. 

1.5.13.3. Ensures mishap prevention programs and risk management concepts are 

embedded in technical training and Professional Military Education (PME). Incorporates 

AFOSH program orientation into training programs for officer and enlisted accessions 

and new civilian employees. 

1.5.14. Installation Commanders: 

1.5.14.1. Provide safe and healthful workplaces for all installation employees. 

1.5.14.2. Ensure leadership at all levels is held accountable for enforcing safety and 

occupational health standards. 

1.5.14.3. Promote safety and occupational health awareness (e.g. culture) and enforce 

personal accountability. 

1.5.14.4. Encourage and support employee led safety and health program activities. 

1.5.14.5. Provide incentives to employees for participation in employee led safety and 

health program activities. See AFI 65-601 V1, Budget Guidance and Procedures, for 

guidance regarding promotional or incentive gifts and awards (Section 4.29.3.), including 

exceptions. 

1.5.14.6. Develop and implement safety and health programs and risk management 

processes that integrate hazard reduction and safety policy into all on- and off-duty 

operations and activities. 

1.5.14.7. Chair the Installation Safety Council and/or Environmental, Safety and 

Occupational Health Council (ESOHC).

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 17 

1.5.14.8. Review interim control measures and establish funding priorities for hazard 

abatement projects. 

1.5.14.9. Ensure safety and occupational health program requirements and mishap 

prevention are part of the measurement of group/squadron commanders and senior 

civilian supervisory personnel’s performance appraisals using guidance provided by 

AF/A1. 

1.5.14.10. Minimize assigning full-time safety personnel additional duties not directly 

associated with duties described in 91-series directives and their supplements. 

1.5.14.11. Establish a management strategy to ensure functional managers and 

supervisors (rather than the safety staff) take actions to mitigate hazards and reduce risk. 

1.5.14.11.1. Integrate safety and occupational health into all operations and missions 

of the installation’s organizations. 

1.5.14.11.2. Emphasize risk management and personal accountability. 

1.5.14.11.3. Promote safety and occupational health awareness (e.g. culture, 

environment and atmosphere) throughout the installation. 

1.5.14.12. Establish procedures to meet OSHA representative(s) and escort them during 

their visits. 

1.5.14.13. Publish guidance informing command personnel of expectations for safety 

and occupational health. 

1.5.14.14. Ensure operations of major ranges are established under DoDD 3200.11, 

Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB), and AFI 99-103, Capabilities-Based Test 

and Evaluation, and managed IAW governing directives. 

1.5.14.15. Ensure commanders and functional managers work with the base contracting 

office and the installation safety staffs to ensure all contracts require contractors and 

subcontractors (e.g., contract aircraft maintenance and grounds maintenance) to provide a 

mishap prevention plan (as applicable) and to promptly report pertinent facts regarding 

mishaps that occur on Air Force installations IAW AFI 91-204 and to cooperate in any 

Air Force safety investigation. 

1.5.14.16. Provide adequate funding and support for safety and occupational health 

program (e.g., funding for required CEU safety training). See 29 CFR 1960.7, Financial 

Management. 

1.5.15. Installation Safety Office (host): 

1.5.15.1. Advises commanders, functional managers, supervisors and workers on safety 

matters. 

1.5.15.2. Provides safety office member as an active participant of the Federal 

Employees Compensation Act (FECA) working group. Lend support to specific issues 

and assist with problem solving at other base meetings (e.g., Aerospace Medicine 

Council, Occupational and Environmental Health Working Group, Sports Councils). 

1.5.15.3. Manages proactive on- and off-duty safety programs.

18 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

1.5.15.4. Conducts safety program assessments and inspections of subordinate, tenant 

and geographically separated units (GSU) safety programs IAW Support Agreements. 

Tracks open findings and discrepancies until closure. NOTE: Host will normally not 

perform program evaluations of tenant organizations—particularly those with full time 

safety staffs unless otherwise specified in host tenant support agreement. 

1.5.15.5. For open safety mishap recommendations that identify installation OPRs or 

OCRs, ensures the appropriate POC is notified, actively manage the recommendation 

through closure and provide status updates as outlined in AFI 91-204. 

1.5.15.6. Manages installation master hazard abatement program master file. Assigns 

risk assessment codes (RACs) to hazards and coordinates with health and fire protection 

officials when required. 

1.5.15.7. Processes hazard reports and manages the hazard reporting process. Assigns 

RACs to hazards and coordinate with health and fire protection officials when required. 

1.5.15.8. Conducts safety education programs and provides assistance to supervisors in 

developing Job Safety Training (JST) Guide outline and Job Safety Analysis (JSA). 

Completes Part 4 of AF Form 1754, Job Capability and Safety Analysis, when submitted 

by MTF. 

1.5.15.9. Reviews airfield waiver packages. 

1.5.15.10. Oversees Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) programs, where 

applicable. 

1.5.15.11. Ensures mishaps are properly investigated and reported in accordance with 

AFI 91-204 and discipline specific manuals (e.g., AFMANs 91-221, 222, 223, 224). 

1.5.15.12. Ensures all personnel with access to privileged safety information are trained 

annually on the proper handling procedures and maintain training documentation. 

1.5.15.13. Maintains a list of potential Safety Investigation Board (SIB) members who 

have completed the formal training requirements according to AFIs 91-204 and 91-223 

and discipline specific manuals and provide a copy to MAJCOM/SE. In addition, 

maintains a list of potential medical consultants for SIBs such as Psychologists, Flight 

Surgeons, and Aerospace and Operational Physiologists (AOP)/Aerospace and 

Operational Physiology Training Team (AOPT) personnel who have completed Aircraft 

Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP), Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course 

(AMIC), Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation (MINA) or the Aviation Safety Program 

Manager (ASPM) course. NOTE: Individuals with only MINA training will not 

investigate aviation mishaps where there is intent for flight. The involved Chief of Safety 

will determine the investigating officer. 

1.5.15.14. Provides identified potential Interim Safety Board (ISB) and SIB members 

training annually on the basics of mishap investigation. In addition, this annual training is 

also required for Operational Psychologists and AOPs/AOPT personnel who have 

completed the AMIP course, AMIC, MINA or ASPM. 

1.5.15.15. Develops a Mishap Response Plan, addressing all disciplines, if required 

actions are integrated into the overall installation Emergency Management Plan (EMP). 

Ensures the plan defines roles, responsibilities and notification requirements for

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 19 

leadership and all involved agencies. Reviews emergency plans and procedures to 

include, but not limited to: SAFE HAVEN, SAFE PARKING, HAZMAT and disaster 

response required by AFI 10-2501, Air Force Emergency Management (EM) Program 

Planning and Operations. Ensures safety concerns, procedures, notification, etc., are 

addressed. The EMP should include elements of and reference existing plans concerning 

the following (Attachment 4): 

1.5.15.15.1. Disaster response required by AFI 10-2501. 

1.5.15.15.2. HAZMAT response required by AFI 10-2501. 

1.5.15.15.3. Response to aircraft in-flight and ground emergencies. 

1.5.15.15.4. Response to severe weather watches and warnings. 

1.5.15.15.5. Crash recovery plans. 

1.5.15.15.6. Notifying and convening investigation boards. 

1.5.15.15.7. Procedures for missing aircraft. 

1.5.15.15.8. Procedures and training for extracting crewmembers from local and 

common transient aircraft. 

1.5.15.16. Provides mishap prevention and education material to subordinate and tenant 

units. 

1.5.15.17. Accomplishes explosives siting requirements according to AFMAN 91-201, 

Explosives Safety Standards. Conducts review of base comprehensive map in conjunction 

with civil engineering. 

1.5.15.18. Assists responsible commanders and supervisors to ensure plans, procedures, 

facility and equipment modifications/acquisitions, hardware, software and operations 

receive a safety review based on risk management and hazard elimination. 

1.5.15.19. Be the base POC for all Department of Labor’s (DoL) OSHA visits. 

1.5.15.20. In collaboration with Bioenvironmental Engineering, assists the contracting 

officer as needed to ensure that the contractor safety and health plan includes all required 

elements identified in the Performance Based Work Statement (PWS). It is the 

contractor’s sole responsibility for compliance with OSHA’s Public Law 91-596. 

1.5.15.21. Administers the Safety Awards Program. 

1.5.16. Installation Contracting Office: 

1.5.16.1. Ensures provisions of AFFARS Clause 5352.223-9001, Health and Safety on 

Government Installations, are included in all new contracts which requires performance 

on a government installation, other than installations under the contractor’s sole control. 

1.5.16.2. Ensures contractor’s past performance in safety is a consideration during the 

selection process for those contractors whose employees are expected to work on a 

Government installation(s) more than 1,000 hours per quarter (this may include a 

comparison of the contractor’s 3 year total case incident rate (TCIR) and 3 year days 

away, restricted and/or transfer case incident rate (DART) to the most recently published

20 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) national average for the specific National American 

Industry Classification System (NAICS) or other similar information). 

1.5.17. Medical Wing/Group Commanders: 

1.5.17.1. Ensure comprehensive and coordinated occupational and environmental health 

surveillance and education programs are established and implemented. 

1.5.17.2. Ensure patient safety programs are developed and fully implemented in 

compliance with DoD 6025.13-R, Military Health System (MHS) Clinical Quality 

Assurance (CQA) Program Regulation, AFI 44-119, Medical Quality Operations, and 

appropriate civilian standards. 

1.5.17.3. Ensure timely notification to installation safety office for any injury producing 

events that occurred to military members (both on- and off-duty), and DoD civilians on 

duty IAW AFI 44-102, Medical Care Management. At a minimum, the following 

medical information will be released to fulfill requirements for OSHA injury reporting as 

defined in DoDI 6055.07, Accident Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping, and 

AFI 91-204: Name of the injured individual, their social security number, their 

organization, date of injury, date of treatment, ICD-9 diagnosis of injury, a brief 

description of the nature of the injury, severity of injury, whether the treatment given was 

greater than first aid (as defined by 29 CFR 1904.7 (b) (5) (i)), if the individual was 

placed on quarters (and how long) and if the individual was hospitalized and the 

estimated hospital duration. This information will be released to safety personnel for 

military treated in the MTF for on or off-duty injuries, and for civilians treated in the 

MTF for on-duty injuries. When the MTF discovers that injured individuals (military on- 

or off-duty and civilian on duty) are seen at a civilian hospital or clinic, as much injury 

information listed above that is obtained will be reported to safety. IAW DoD 6025.18-R, 

DoD Health Information Privacy Regulation, all disclosures to the safety office must be 

documented by the MTF and kept for a period of six years. The MTF Covered Entities 

should develop local policy in coordination with their assigned Medical Law Consultant 

(MLC). 

1.5.17.4. Ensure occupational illnesses are thoroughly investigated and reported using 

the Occupational Illness Module and AFSAS. 

1.5.17.5. The Chief of Aerospace Medicine (SGP) or Occupational Medicine physician: 

1.5.17.5.1. Provides oversight for the occupational health program and ensure 

medically appropriate risk assessment and medical surveillance activities are 

conducted IAW AFI 48-101, Aerospace Medicine Operations, AFI 48-145, 

Occupational and Environmental Health Program, DoD 6055.05-M, Occupational 

Medical Examinations and Surveillance Manual, and CFR Title 5 Part 339, Medical 

Qualification Determinations. 

1.5.17.5.2. Provides consultative services on occupational and environmental health 

and safety issues. 

1.5.17.5.3. Provides urgent clinical services for occupational injuries and 

occupational illnesses in DoD civilian employees. Performs routine surveillance, 

periodic evaluation, fitness for duty evaluations, pre-placement evaluations and

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 21 

disability evaluations IAW AFI 48-101, AFI 48-145, DoD 6055.5-M and CFR Title 5 

Part 339. 

1.5.17.5.4. Maintains a list of Flight Surgeons who are potential medical officers on 

ISBs or SIBs and track the dates of the AMIP training and previous SIB experience. 

In addition, tracks AOPs/AOPT personnel and Psychologists who have completed 

AMIP, AMIC, MINA or ASPM courses. Provides a list to installation Chief of Safety 

(COS) and MAJCOM SGP. Ensures Flight Surgeons, trained Aerospace and 

Operational Physiologists, AOPT personnel and Aviation Psychologists are trained 

annually on the basics of mishap investigation and privilege by the installation safety 

staff or FSO. 

1.5.17.5.5. Attends the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA) Working 

Group. Medical participation in FECA program will be IAW DoD 1400.25-M, DoD 

Civilian Personnel Manual, Subchapter 810, Injury Compensation. Participates in 

military and civilian lost work/duty time initiatives. 

1.5.17.5.6. Accomplishes additional occupational health and safety responsibilities as 

delineated in AFI 48-101. 

1.5.17.6. Flight Surgeons/Aerospace and Operational Physiologists (AOP)/Aerospace 

and Operational Physiology Training Teams (AOPT). 

1.5.17.6.1. Provide weapon system specific human performance sustainment training 

in operational flying wings. 

1.5.17.6.2. Provide human performance and human factors analysis on identified 

hazards and evaluate controls to reduce or mitigate risks. 

1.5.17.6.3. Support the wing’s aircrew flight equipment and flying safety programs. 

1.5.17.6.4. Assist in targeted ground safety improvements, training of wing ground 

safety managers and unit safety representatives in human factors and human factors 

hazard mitigation strategies. Provide consultant services for ground safety activities 

and investigations. 

1.5.17.6.5. Support wing risk management, crew resource management, and 

maintenance resource management programs to optimize war fighter performance 

and safety in the operational environment. 

1.5.17.6.6. Act as Human Systems Integration consultants for aircraft, space weapons 

and Warfare Centers at the wing level. 

1.5.17.6.7. Provide ISB/SIB members for military mishaps IAW AFI 91-223. 

1.5.17.7. Bioenvironmental Engineering: 

1.5.17.7.1. Manages the occupational and environmental health surveillance 

programs according to AFI 48-101, AFI 48-145, AFMAN 48-153 Health Risk 

Assessment, AFMAN 48-154 Occupational and Environmental Health Site 

Assessment, and AFMAN 48-155 Occupational and Environmental Health Exposure 

Controls.

22 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

1.5.17.7.2. Conducts occupational and environmental health evaluations and health 

risk assessments of workplaces. Maintain survey reports, as required, IAW DoDI 

6055.5. Bioenvironmental Engineering will provide access to all documents at request 

by the worker, supervisor or union representative. 

1.5.17.7.3. Performs health risk assessments and notifies safety office of assigned 

RACs. 

1.5.17.7.4. Maintains access to pertinent health related OSHA standards/guidelines, 

AFOSH standards and guidance, and other OSHA guidelines pertaining to 

occupational health. 

1.5.17.7.5. Evaluates and processes variances to AFOSH standards. Evaluates, 

processes and coordinates variances to occupational and environmental health 

standards and provides copies to the host installation ground safety manager (GSM). 

1.5.17.7.6. Attends all DoL OSHA inspector in-briefs and out-briefs, and 

accompanies inspectors during all health-related inspections. 

1.5.17.7.7. Determines the need for and adequacy of occupational health-related 

personal protective equipment (PPE), engineering controls and administrative 

controls to reduce exposures. 

1.5.17.7.8. Maintains the ability to provide material safety data sheets (MSDS) upon 

request for all hazardous materials used in the industrial workplaces on the 

installation. 

1.5.17.7.9. Has access to Hazardous Material Information Resources System 

(HMIRS). Also, maintains the ability to provide copies of other MSDSs upon request 

for items not listed in the HMIRS or those locally purchased through base supply, 

medical supply, civil engineer or other channels. Minimizes biological, chemical and 

nuclear health hazard risks in hazardous materials management through recognitions 

based on RM IAW AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication. Provides radiological 

protection program consultation. 

1.5.17.7.10. As needed, provides a representative to the Federal Employees 

Compensation Act (FECA) working group to offer Bioenvironmental Engineeringrelated 

expertise. 

1.5.17.8. Public Health (PH): 

1.5.17.8.1. Communicates occupational health education requirements and available 

resources to supervisors. Responsible as the initial point of contact for occupational 

medical monitoring. PH will report cases of occupational illness to the installation 

ground safety office through Air Force Safety Automated System (AFSAS). PH will 

also investigate and report occupational illness IAW AFI 91-204. 

1.5.17.8.2. Provides a representative to actively participate in the FECA working 

group and the ESOHC to provide consultation on epidemiology, occupational 

illnesses and other occupational health program areas, where applicable per AFIs 48- 

145 and 48-101.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 23 

1.5.17.9. Psychologists who are AMIP, AMIC or ASPM trained or have completed a 

post doctoral fellowship in operational psychology will work in conjunction with Flight 

Surgeons to provide consultant services on human factors investigations and analysis of 

military aircraft mishaps. 

1.5.18. Installation Civil Engineers: 

1.5.18.1. Provide cost data and status information on hazard abatement actions 

associated with real property facilities and real property installed equipment. Coordinate 

corrective actions with installation safety. 

1.5.18.2. Coordinate siting and construction plans with the installation safety office and 

ensure explosives site plans have been approved before beginning construction as 

required in AFMAN 91-201. 

1.5.18.3. Coordinate new construction, facility modification projects or work request 

documents with installation safety, fire protection, environmental management and 

Bioenvironmental Engineering officials. Also, ensure they are included in associated 

project approval, design review meetings and acceptance inspections. 

1.5.18.4. Notify safety, environmental management, Bioenvironmental Engineering and 

fire protection of major base maintenance projects (e.g., digging permits, road markings, 

welding projects outside the civil engineering shops). 

1.5.18.5. Ensure RACs are incorporated into project prioritization for corrective actions. 

1.5.18.6. Coordinate airfield waiver packages with airfield manager, installation safety 

office and installation commander. 

1.5.18.7. Perform fire investigations IAW AFI 91-204. For Class C incidents, the 

installation Fire Chief determines the most probable cause. For Class A and B incidents, 

the SIB President will request support from the MAJCOM Fire Emergency Services 

(FES) staff to conduct the fire investigation. Any time FES tactics or competency is at 

issue, the convening authority will request investigative support from the MAJCOM FES 

staff. 

1.5.18.8. Provide traffic engineering expertise. 

1.5.18.9. Team with the multi-functional team (MFT) to ensure contractor operations are 

compliant with safety and health requirements of the contract. 

1.5.18.10. Provide a foundation informational map (common installation picture [CIP]) 

for users to apply and publish their unique map(s). Coordination must be documented and 

maintained by Weapons Safety. 

1.5.19. Security Forces (SFS): 

1.5.19.1. Provide a copy of SF blotter entries involving injury or death resulting from a 

mishap, motor vehicle mishaps (GMV/PMV), property damage as a result of a mishap, 

and any others as deemed appropriate by SFS. Provides completed investigation reports 

when requested by COS or GSM. Blotter entries may be retrieved electronically or 

through Security Forces Reports and Analysis after they have been processed.

24 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

1.5.19.2. Notify command post on all safety related issues as determined in a locally 

devised installation notification matrix. NOTE: Notifications must adhere to those 

incidents, which require immediate response or follow-up action by safety or other 

personnel. Command Post will, in-turn, immediately notify the appropriate safety office 

and other agencies as required. 

1.5.19.3. Upon request from COS or ground safety, liaison with local or state law 

enforcement to obtain off-base traffic accident reports and/or data. 

1.5.19.3.1. Traffic accident reports may include vehicle accident involving death or 

serious injury to a military member, DoD civilian or dependent of active duty 

member. 

1.5.19.3.2. Traffic accident data may include areas which are identified as high 

traffic incident areas or areas which travel is deemed unsafe (as deemed by the 

installation commander) under certain conditions. 

1.5.20. Commanders below installation level: 

1.5.20.1. Implement a safety and health program in their unit or area of responsibility. 

Where commanders are not authorized full-time safety personnel, they will appoint a 

primary and alternate unit safety representative (USR) to assist them in implementing 

their safety program. USR responsibilities for managing the commander’s program are 

identified in paragraph 8.5 Notify the host safety office, in writing, of the appointment of 

USRs in order to schedule USRs for training. 

1.5.20.2. Ensure safety and health training and off-duty safety information and briefings 

are provided to all personnel based on requirements from other regulatory guidance and 

the specific needs of the organization. 

1.5.20.3. Actively implement and uses risk management principles at all levels within 

the unit. 

1.5.20.4. Ensure a proactive mishap prevention program is implemented to include 

procurement and proper use of PPE, and facility compliance with AFOSH and OSHA 

standards. NOTE: Overseas installations may need to apply host nation standards versus 

OSHA standards. 

1.5.20.5. Ensure all appropriate hazard abatement actions needed to control identified 

hazards are implemented and follow-up actions are complete. Keep safety staff updated 

on all abatement actions with monthly updates until hazard is abated. 

1.5.20.6. Ensure request for equipment, products and services using purchase orders 

and/or Government Purchase Card are reviewed for potential safety and health impact 

IAW AFI 64-117, Air Force Government-Wide Purchase Card (GPC) Program, and AFI 

32-7086, Hazardous Materials Management. NOTE: Ensure government purchase card 

program addresses requirement to coordinate purchase of hazardous chemicals, munitions 

and industry equipment through installation safety offices. 

1.5.20.7. Periodically attend, as deemed appropriate, squadron athletic events involving 

assigned personnel to monitor potentially hazardous conditions and unsafe behavior.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 25 

1.5.20.8. Ensure all personnel are trained on the objectives and principles of risk 

management IAW AFI 90-901, Operational Risk Management. Use risk management to 

identify, reduce or eliminate risk in activities on- and off-duty. 

1.5.20.9. Establish a management strategy to ensure functional managers and supervisors 

take actions to mitigate hazards and reduce risk. 

1.5.20.9.1. Integrate safety and health into all operations and missions of their 

organization. 

1.5.20.9.2. Emphasize risk management and personal accountability. 

1.5.20.9.3. Promote safety and health awareness (e.g. culture, environment, and 

atmosphere) throughout the organization. 

1.5.20.10. Ensure all personnel are briefed on the findings and recommendations 

contained in Bioenvironmental Engineering industrial hygiene surveys and reports. A 

copy of the survey report will be posted on the work place bulletin board for a period of 

10 days after receipt to allow all workers free access to the findings. These reports will be 

maintained on file in the work place for a minimum of two years. 

1.5.20.11. Provide the opportunity for employees to participate in safety and health 

program activities and/or committees. 

1.5.20.12. Communicate safety and health expectations to personnel in their command. 

1.5.20.13. Ensure safety and health program requirements are part of measurement of 

non-supervisory personnel’s performance appraisals using guidance provided by AF/A1. 

1.5.21. Supervisors. 

1.5.21.1. Understand and enforce the safety and health standards that apply to their areas, 

operations and operations involving their subordinates. 

1.5.21.2. Use risk management techniques to analyze work environment and job tasks 

for hazards. The Job Safety Analysis (JSA) will be used as part of this process. 

1.5.21.3. Review work processes annually, when new tasks or equipment are added, or 

when existing tasks change. Provide and document work area specific safety, fire 

protection and health on-the-job training to all Air Force military and civilian employees. 

1.5.21.4. Develop a work center specific Job Safety Training Guide (JST) guide based on 

Attachment 5, Job Safety Training Outline (JSTO) on safety, fire protection/prevention 

and health requirements. The supervisor will document and maintain completed training 

in work area on the AF Form 55, Employee Safety and Health Record, or equivalent 

product. 

1.5.21.5. Provide and document additional training when there is a change in equipment, 

procedures or processes that affect the safety, health or work environment of personnel. 

1.5.21.6. Exercise control over job tasks to ensure personnel follow all precautions and 

safety measures, including the proper use of PPE. 

1.5.21.7. Report all mishaps that occur in work areas, off-duty mishaps involving 

assigned personnel, and related subsequent employee absences to the supporting safety

26 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

office IAW AFI 91-204. Inform the Civilian Personnel Office if a mishap involves a 

civilian employee. 

1.5.21.8. Ensure AF Form 1118, Notice of Hazard, issued by safety, fire protection and 

Bioenvironmental Engineering officials are posted to alert employees to the hazardous 

conditions, interim control measures, and take appropriate actions to promptly eliminate 

hazards and correct deficiencies. Ensure any hazards identified by an AF Form 1118 are 

added to the JST Guide and employees are trained on the interim control measures and 

documented IAW Attachment 5, Section A5.4 

1.5.21.9. Supervisors are encouraged to establish an off-duty High Risk Activities 

(HRA) Program to ensure personnel participating or planning to participate in high-risk 

activities take appropriate safety measures to reduce the likelihood of their involvement 

in a mishap. Common high risk activities are defined in Attachment 1. NOTE: 

MAJCOMs can define their own list of high risk activities. Briefings may be documented 

on AF Form 4391, High Risk Activities Worksheet. See Attachment 12 for example 

guidance. If commanders or supervisors at any level choose to make this program 

mandatory it will apply only to military personnel on active duty. 

1.5.21.10. At the deployed or temporary duty (TDY) location ensure subordinates 

receive a safety briefing from the deployed location safety staff on known hazards 

associated with TDY location. 

1.5.21.11. At deployed locations provide and document Job Safety Training on AF Form 

55 or equivalent product. 

1.5.21.12. Supervisors are encouraged to provide an interactive pre-departure safety 

briefing to all active duty military personnel, reserve component personnel in a duty 

status and civilian personnel performing official duties scheduled for travel outside the 

local area. While potentially effective for all ages, the briefing is especially targeted for 

personnel under the age of 26. This briefing may be documented on AF Form 4392, Pre- 

Departure Safety Briefing. See Attachment 11 for recommended guidance. 

1.5.21.13. Periodically attend, as deemed appropriate, squadron athletic events involving 

assigned personnel to monitor potentially hazardous conditions and unsafe behavior. 

1.5.21.14. Attend Air Force Supervisor Safety Training (SST) IAW paragraph 2.3.2 

Supervisors will document SST on AF Form 55 or equivalent product to include 

electronic databases. 

1.5.21.15. Conduct and document monthly spot inspections of their work areas IAW 

paragraph 3.5 of this instruction. 

1.5.21.16. Upon notification that a worker (both military and civilian) is pregnant, ensure 

that worker reports to Public Health immediately in order to ensure they receive 

appropriate education and a workplace evaluation. 

1.5.21.17. Encourage and support employee participation in safety and health program 

activities and/or committees. 

1.5.21.18. Ensure personnel requiring occupational health medical examinations attend 

scheduled medical appointments.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 27 

1.5.21.19. Ensure safety program requirements are part of measurement of nonsupervisory 

personnel’s performance appraisals using guidance provided by AF/A1. 

1.5.22. Individuals: 

1.5.22.1. Comply with all safety instructions, technical orders, job guides and operating 

procedures. 

1.5.22.2. Consider personal safety and the safety of coworkers while doing assigned 

tasks as well as off-duty activities. Identify and report hazardous conditions that place Air 

Force personnel or property at risk. Use the AF Form 457, USAF Hazard Report, when 

necessary. 

1.5.22.3. Report personal injury, property damage and any suspected exposure to 

biological, chemical or nuclear hazardous materials to your supervisor as soon as 

practical, but not to exceed 24 hours. 

1.5.22.4. Immediately report to their supervisor if they believe that they have a physical 

or mental condition that they feel may impact safe job performance. 

1.5.22.5. Use and maintain recommended and appropriate PPE for job tasks. Inspect and 

maintain PPE IAW TO, manufacturer’s instructions or Bioenvironmental Engineering 

guidance. 

1.5.22.6. Apply risk management principles in both on- and off-duty activities to 

enhance the safety and well being of themselves and other personnel. 

1.5.22.7. Decline to perform an assigned task if they reasonably believe the task poses an 

imminent risk of death or serious bodily harm to themselves or others (except in a combat 

environment). The individual and/or local management may request an assessment by 

installation safety, fire protection or health professionals before proceeding. 

1.5.22.8. Immediately notify supervisors of a known pregnancy and make an 

appointment with Public Health to initiate a workplace evaluation for exposures that may 

be hazardous to the fetus and determination of work restrictions. Any worker with 

questions regarding how their worksite exposures can affect immediate family members 

(e.g. spouse, children) should contact Public Health. 

1.5.22.9. Report on time to complete scheduled occupational health medical examination 

medical appointments. 

1.5.22.10. Have the opportunity to participate in safety and health programs without fear 

of coercion, discrimination or reprisal. Participation in safety committees is encouraged. 

1.5.22.11. Use official on-duty time to take part in safety activities. 

1.5.22.12. Hand carry the AF Form 55 or equivalent product to the new supervisor when 

deploying or transferring to another Air Force position/location. 

1.6. General Guidance Related to Recording Occupational Injuries and Illnesses. 

1.6.1. Executive Order 12196, Occupational Safety and Health Program for Federal 

Employees, requires federal agencies to report occupational mishaps to the Secretary of 

Labor. 29 CFR 1960, Basic Program Elements for Federal Employee Occupational Safety 

and Health Programs and Related Matters, and 29 CFR 1904, Recording and Reporting

28 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Occupational Injuries and Illness, set requirements and provide standard forms for 

documenting occupational illnesses and injuries. 

1.6.2. The host ground safety staff is the official Air Force office of record for maintaining 

occupational illness and injury data and maintains consolidated records of injuries and illness 

meeting mishap Class A, B, C and D criteria. AFSAS will be used to record mishaps 

involving injury and illnesses to on- and off-duty Air Force military and on-duty civilian 

personnel to generate separate OSHA Form 300s, Log of Work-Related Injuries and 

Illnesses. 

1.6.3. Safety will record Class A - D occupational injuries and Public Health will record 

occupational illnesses within seven calendar days of notification using AFSAS. Illnesses 

require an investigation and final determination by a provider before they are confirmed 

occupational illnesses. Once confirmed (in AFSAS), the case should be closed and recorded 

within seven (7) days. The MTF clinical elements will provide injury data to safety on a 

routine basis as information is discovered. (See paragraph 1.5.17.3-4.) 

1.6.4. Installation Ground Safety will maintain consolidated occupational illness and injury 

logs to satisfy the OSHA requirement for single-point access to occupational illness and 

injury cases. Tenant units will provide the host safety office a summary of civilian and 

military occupational injuries/illnesses data by the third workday each month (if not 

otherwise accessible, e.g., AFSAS).

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 29 

Chapter 2 

SAFETY ORGANIZATION 

2.1. Safety Staff. All safety disciplines will be consolidated under a single Chief of Safety 

(COS). Full-time safety personnel must be trained and qualified to manage safety programs, and 

be able to function at the staff level. Use the Air Force Manpower Standard (AFMS) 106A to 

determine the size of the safety staff. AFRC units use applicable AFRC Command Manpower 

Standard or Guides to determine safety staff size. All safety manpower requests or changes will 

be coordinated with the MAJCOM/SE before submission to the local management engineering 

team. Manpower variances can be submitted for safety staffs that conduct special programs IAW 

AFMS 106A. 

2.1.1. Chief of Safety. The COS reports directly to the commander (or Director in a civilianled 

unit) and manages the mishap prevention program for the commander (e.g. installation, 

center, NAF/MAJCOM commanders). The COS must be qualified in a primary mission 

weapons system of the unit or if the COS is a civilian position, have a Safety Officer who is 

qualified in a primary mission weapon system. Civilian COS must meet the qualification 

standards for Occupational and Health professional stated in the Office of Personnel 

Management (OPM) classification series, GS-0018 or GS-0803. MAJCOM Chiefs of Safety 

should have previous safety experience. The AFRC equivalents to the above are AFRC Air 

Reserve Technician (ART) COS which are 2181-series (pilot)/2183-series (navigator) 

civilians. 

2.1.1.1. Active duty military COS will be either on a current or previous Squadron 

Commander list or an individual the Wing Commander intends to support for the 

Squadron Commander list, or a former Squadron Commander. MAJCOM/CV or above 

has waiver authority for this requirement. 

2.1.1.2. Assigned individuals must complete the Chief of Safety Course (WCIP05B) 

within 90 days of assuming the COS position. Air Force Reserve and ANG COSs may 

substitute the Air Reserve Component Chief of Safety course (ARCCOS) (WCIP05K) 

and should make every effort to complete the requirement within 90 days of assuming the 

COS position. However, in no case will Air Force Reserve and ANG components exceed 

a 180 day limit. Waiver authority for this requirement is HQ AFSC/SEF. 

2.1.1.3. Assigned individuals must be available to serve as COS for a minimum of one 

year after completion of training. 

2.1.2. Career Safety Professional. The Air Force has an enlisted safety career field (Air 

Force Specialty Code (AFSC) 1S0X1) and a civilian safety career field (GS-0018, 

Occupational Safety and Health Manager or Specialist, GS-0019, Safety Technician GS- 

0017, Weapons Safety Specialist, and GS-0803, Safety Engineer). These career safety 

personnel are assigned to positions authorized by the Unit Manning Document. The safety 

career field is addressed in AFI 36-2101, Classifying Military Personnel (Officer and 

Enlisted), and described in the Air Force Enlisted Classification Directory (AFECD). The 

civilian safety career program is described in AFI 36-601, Air Force Civilian Career 

Program Management.

30 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

2.1.2.1. Professional Continuing Education and Training. Fulltime safety professionals in 

ground safety positions, in addition to having met the OPM 017/018/019/803 or AFI 36- 

2101 qualification standards, must complete at least three safety-related continuing 

education units (CEU) per year, with one CEU equaling ten contact hours of course 

participation. Other fulltime safety professionals in weapons, space and flight disciplines 

should use this requirement to remain up to date in their specialty as well. 

2.1.2.1.1. Professional continuing education and training is not the same as 

qualification training where an individual could be decertified, downgraded or unable 

to deploy, etc., if not trained to a specific level. The purpose of continuing education 

and training is to help safety professionals expand their knowledge base and stay 

informed on the latest technical and behavioral developments in the field of safety. 

2.1.2.1.2. College, OPM and other safety professional development courses that do 

not award CEUs, e.g., on-line training, may be used to satisfy this requirement, if 

approved by the Ground Safety Manager. MAJCOM/SEs or their designee may grant 

waivers for this requirement for reasons to include personnel on extended 

deployments, manning shortfalls and funding limitations. The COS will document 

specific circumstances and conditions when this training cannot be met. 

2.1.2.2. Attachment 13 contains a partial list of recommended safety courses that safety 

professionals should consider when meeting CEU requirements. Safety managers will 

plan, program and budget for safety resources (e.g., to include sufficient safety training to 

meet CEU requirements). 

2.1.2.3. It is highly desirable for safety professionals to obtain Occupational Health and 

Safety Technologist (general industry), Construction Health and Safety Technician 

(construction) and Certified Safety Professional certifications from the Board of Certified 

Safety Professionals (www.bcsp.org) or other recognized national/international 

organizations. 

2.1.3. Ground Safety Manager (GSM). The GSM manages the ground safety program for the 

Chief of Safety and the commander (e.g., installation, center, NAF/MAJCOM commanders). 

The GSM must be fully qualified to advise and execute decisions on safety matters for the 

primary mission of the unit. The GSM should complete the Safety Managers Course (AFSC 

Course WCIP05D) prior to assuming duties as a GSM. Individuals who cannot attend prior 

to assuming duties will complete the course within one year. 

2.1.4. Flight Safety Officer (FSO). Full-time FSOs (military and civilian Flight Safety 

Managers (FSMs) [GS-0018]) are assigned to positions authorized by the Manpower 

Standard (AFMS). FSOs at squadron and installation level must be current in a unit mission 

aircraft (N/A for FSMs). FSOs in higher headquarters positions will be rated officers or prior 

rated officers with experience in headquarters managed mission aircraft (N/A for FSMs). 

Once trained, individuals should fill the position for a minimum of 18 months unless waived 

by the MAJCOM/SE. FSMs will not be assigned to fill FSO billets on bases where there are 

primary active flying missions and only one FSO billet. 

2.1.4.1. Full-time FSOs (wing level and above) must complete Aircraft Mishap 

Investigation Course (AMIC, WCIP05A) and Aviation Safety Program Management 

course (ASPM, WCIP09B). FSMs may complete AMIC but not required to complete

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 31 

ASPM. This training should be completed within 90 days of appointment, but must be 

completed no later than 180 days from appointment. AFRC and ANG FSOs may fulfill 

this requirement by attending Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course (AMIC, WCIP05A) 

and the Air National Guard Chief of Safety/Air Reserve Component Chief of Safety 

course (ARCCOS, WCIP05K). 

2.1.4.2. Commanders of flying squadrons without an authorized FSO will appoint a 

Squadron Assigned Flight Safety Officer (SAFSO) as an additional duty. 

2.1.4.3. SAFSO should attend the ASPM course or AMIC course in conjunction with 

MAJCOM supplemental training. 

2.1.4.4. Where applicable, flight USRs will be trained IAW paragraph 2.2 

2.1.5. Flight Safety Non-Commission Officer (FSNCO). The FSNCO is an integral part of 

the flight safety program. Their primary duties will focus on aviation maintenance safety. 

Individuals selected to fill the position should be, as a minimum, a Master Sergeant or 

civilian equivalent, GS-0018 or GS-0803, with maintenance experience on a unit-assigned 

aircraft type but no less than a 7-level with two years experience as a 7-level. Primary 

consideration will be to select individuals in the 2A373, 2A571 or 2A572 (Crew Chief) 

career fields or Flight Engineer. Selecting from the propulsion AFSC 2A671 is acceptable 

with a minimum of two years flight line experience in the unit assigned aircraft. Refer to 

AFRC and ANG supplements to this AFI for ARC FSNCO and FSM manning descriptions. 

2.1.5.1. For units with assigned enlisted aircrew, the FSNCO may be an aircrew member 

if their flying duties do not detract from their FSNCO duties, they have prior flight line 

maintenance or Flight Engineer experience, they are current in a unit mission aircraft, and 

receive MAJCOM/SE approval. 

2.1.5.2. Individuals will complete the FSNCO course (L3AZR1S071-0S5A) and attend 

either the Jet Engine Mishap Investigation Course (JEMIC) (J3AZR2A671A0M1A) or 

AMIC (WCIP05A) within 120 days of appointment. 

2.1.5.3. The FSNCO will be assigned the Special Experience Identifier (SEI) code of 307 

and AFPC personnel records will assign a code 39 to ensure they serve in this capacity 

for a minimum of two years. Designated individuals must meet criteria of IAW AFI 36- 

2101. 

2.1.6. Weapons Safety Managers (WSM). Full-time WSMs are assigned to positions 

authorized by the Unit Manning Document (UMD). 

2.1.6.1. WSMs must be qualified in their AFSC 2WXX, 2MXX, or OPM 018/017 or 803 

standards and should have experience in the maintenance or operation of nuclear 

weapons, missiles or non-nuclear munitions. Persons selected as WSMs will be at least a 

7-level in their Air Force Specialty Code. 

2.1.6.2. Full-time WSMs must schedule the Weapons Safety Course (L3AZR2W071- 

0N1A) within 90 days of appointment and course must be completed within six months 

of appointment. Senior safety personnel should attend Senior Safety Professional Course 

(WCIP05D) after assignment as a WSM. 

2.1.7. System Safety Officers, Managers and Engineers. According to their particular job 

requirements, individuals in System Safety positions will complete an approved System

32 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Safety Course within 90 days of assignment (or first available course thereafter). Safety 

offices must document reasons for assigned individuals who have not completed training 

within 120 days of assignment. 

2.1.8. Space Safety Officer (SSO). These positions include System Safety Manager, Ground 

Based Space Safety Officer, Launch Safety Officer (LSO) and Orbital Safety Officer. These 

individuals will be trained in System Safety, and space mishap prevention and investigation 

within 120 days (or first available course). The Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation course 

(WCIP 059) or equivalent is a suitable mishap investigation course. The AMIC (WCIP 05A) 

is recommended for LSOs with some knowledge of aircraft. NASA courses may be 

substituted for greater applicability if basic mishap prevention and investigation material is 

covered. 

2.1.8.1. As appropriate for the assigned mission, each wing (or equivalent) will have at 

least one SSO for each program. These individuals may be assigned to subordinate 

units. With approval from the NAF/Center Safety Office, these positions may be assigned 

as an additional duty or multiple programs may be covered by the same SSO. 

2.1.8.2. Safety Offices must document reasons for assigned individuals who have not 

completed training within 120 days (or first available course) of assignment. 

2.2. Unit Safety Representative (USR). Each unit will have a primary and alternate USR. 

Individuals assigned safety responsibilities at the unit level receive training from the installation 

safety staff or through a course approved by their MAJCOM Safety office. Primary and 

Alternate USRs for active duty units will complete initial training within 30 working days after 

appointment. Air Reserve Component Primary and Alternate USRs will complete initial training 

within two unit training assemblies of appointment. The unit is responsible for maintaining USR 

training records. 

2.2.1. USRs will complete any Air Force level ORM course. Training can be obtained at 

https://rmis.kirtland.af.mil/index.asp. Training certificate will be maintained by the USR. 

2.2.2. Each safety discipline will train their respective USRs. This training is available 

electronically through the host safety office. 

2.2.3. Organizations may augment the Primary and Alternate safety representatives using a 

―team concept‖ by adding representatives at the flight level. However, the Primary and 

Alternate representation will serve as the primary points of contact for all unit safety issues. 

If the team concept is used, each member must be trained. 

2.2.4. For specific USR responsibilities, see the discipline-specific chapters. USRs will, as a 

minimum: 

2.2.4.1. Advise the commander on safety matters. 

2.2.4.2. Conduct and document spot inspections in conjunction with facility managers 

when possible and IAW paragraph 3.5 of this instruction. 

2.2.4.3. Ensure unit personnel are aware of mishap reporting requirements. Assist unit 

commander and supervisors in mishap investigation when required. 

2.2.4.4. Assist supervisors who develop JST Guides.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 33 

2.2.4.5. Conduct safety briefings and provide unit personnel with educational safety 

materials. MAJCOM/Wing Safety websites should be accessed to get briefing 

topics/material (e.g., Critical Days of Summer). 

2.2.4.6. Assist the unit commander and supervisors with the hazard abatement process. 

2.2.4.7. Facilitate the inspection process for their unit. 

2.3. Safety Education/Training. Education and training prepares Air Force personnel to meet 

their safety and health responsibilities. Each installation shall develop, implement and integrate 

safety guidelines and standards into existing training programs at the local level. Commanders at 

all levels will promote safety awareness at all appropriate venues such as commander calls, 

holiday safety briefings and other events or functions. 

2.3.1. Commander Orientation. The COS will provide face-to-face training to new 

commanders within 60 days of their arrival or appointment on the safety and health of the 

organization. Air Reserve Components will complete this requirement within 90 days (3 Unit 

Training Assemblies). Telephonic training is satisfactory for units that support commanders 

at operating locations away from the COS’s home base. The training will be documented and 

include, but is not limited to the following items: 

2.3.1.1. Launch vehicle operations and concerns (if applicable). 

2.3.1.2. Safety responsibilities. 

2.3.1.3. Last annual inspection results and open recommendations, unabated hazards and 

hazard abatement plan. 

2.3.1.4. Unit specific mishap rates, trends and open mishap recommendations. 

2.3.1.5. Special interest issues (e.g., motorcycle safety, high risk activities, hazardous air 

traffic, OSHA Voluntary Protection Programs). 

2.3.1.6. Explosives site plans and licensed facilities. 

2.3.1.7. Airfield operations and concerns. 

2.3.1.8. Safety Awards Program. 

2.3.1.9. Air Force Culture Assessment Safety Tool (AFCAST). 

2.3.2. Supervisor Safety Training (SST). Supervisors are the key to the safety program 

because they are responsible for maintaining a safe and healthful environment. The course 

trains supervisors in management skills needed to implement safety policies and programs. 

The course provides basic skills for fostering a workplace where hazards are identified and 

risks managed. It also develops skills to recognize, control, report and eliminates hazards. 

MAJCOMS and installations with unique requirements will supplement this training with 

those requirements. 

2.3.2.1. Personnel required to attend: 

2.3.2.1.1. Noncommissioned officers and Senior Airmen when first assigned a 

supervisory position. 

2.3.2.1.2. Commissioned officers when first assigned as a supervisor.

34 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

2.3.2.1.3. Civilian personnel (DAF, NAF, foreign national) upon initial assignment to 

a supervisory position. 

2.3.2.1.4. Any supervisor needing refresher training or who demonstrates a lack of 

safety knowledge. 

2.3.2.2. Administration. Unit commanders identify eligible personnel and arrange course 

scheduling with the installation ground safety office. 

2.3.2.3. Documenting Training. The safety staff allocates quotas, giving priority to newly 

assigned supervisory personnel. Safety staffs will update training completion in the 

Military Personnel Data System or applicable system. Supervisors will document SST 

IAW Attachment 5, Section A5.4 

2.3.3. Safety, Fire Protection and Health Training. Supervisors will develop a Job Safety 

Training (JST) guide specifically tailored to address safety concerns of the work 

environment. The guide will encompass both safety awareness and job specific safety 

training. See listed mandatory training items in Attachment 5. 

2.3.3.1. Specific Training Requirements. Supervisors will provide job safety training to 

all newly assigned individuals (i.e., PCS, PCA or work center change to include 

deployment) on the hazards of their job before they start work and immediately when 

there is a change in equipment, processes or safety, fire and health requirements. 

Supervisors will conduct and document refresher training, as required. 

2.3.3.2. Supervisors will review and update the JST guide annually and/or when there is 

a change in equipment, processes or safety, fire and health requirements and document 

the review. Annual review of JST guide will be completed by the shop supervisor and 

documented with the date of review and the person conducting review. Safety personnel 

will provide technical assistance to supervisors in developing a training guide to meet 

AFOSH requirements. JST guides will be reviewed by safety inspectors during the 

annual safety inspection. 

2.3.3.3. AF Form 55 or an equivalent product (e.g. AFFORMs, CAMs, CAS-B, GO81) 

will be used to document safety, fire and health training unless other documentation is 

specified elsewhere. Documentation will be maintained by the supervisor within the work 

center. 

2.3.4. Designated Employee Representatives. The civilian personnel flight will schedule and 

monitor safety, fire protection and health training for employee representatives. Upon 

request, coordinate training for designated representatives of civilian employees to assist in 

maintaining safe and healthful workplaces. The extent of such training will depend on local 

needs. 

2.3.5. General Safety Education and Training Courses are listed in Attachment 14. 

2.4. Safety Office Vehicles and Equipment. The following information should be used when 

establishing equipment requirements. 

2.4.1. Vehicles and Communication. All disciplines of the safety staff must be mobile to 

accomplish their job. Safety staffs perform day-to-day safety functions installation-wide, 

including off-base responses to conduct mishap investigations. In flying units, missile units, 

units operating a test range and units with host base responsibilities who support these

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 35 

activities or as designated by the installation commander, the safety staff must have the use 

of a two-way radio (UHF/VHF)-equipped 4-wheel drive vehicle capable of transporting a 

minimum of four people and their associated mishap investigation equipment. Any radio net, 

appropriate to the mission, that allows the vehicle to move freely around the airfield or 

missile complex is acceptable. 

2.4.2. Allowance Standards (AS). The following AS prescribe the equipment items and 

quantities required to perform safety missions, functions, and duties. The standards can be 

found at https://earms2.wpafb.af.mil/sites/asrs/home.asp. 

2.4.2.1. AS 006, Organizational and Administrative Equipment. 

2.4.2.2. AS 009, Small Computer Systems. As a minimum, each full-time safety staff 

office will have desktop computers, a notebook computer, software compatible with 

current Air Force standards, and a CAC reader. These computers require a CD-ROM and 

access to the Internet. 

2.4.2.3. AS 019, Vehicles. 

2.4.2.4. AS 014, Training Devices. 

2.4.2.5. AS 016, Special Purpose Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment. 

2.4.2.6. AS 453, Safety Offices. 

2.4.2.7. AS 629, Visual Information (VI) Support (Originator/Utilization Equipment). 

2.4.2.8. AS 660, Equipment Allowances for Non-Weapon Systems Communications 

Requirements. 

2.4.3. Mishap Investigation Kits. Each MAJCOM determines the minimum contents of 

investigation kits. Safety staffs with host base responsibilities will maintain a mishap 

response and investigation kit sufficient to meet initial response and ISB requirements for 

flight, ground and weapons mishaps. 

2.4.3.1. Wing safety offices will have available all the items that are required to conduct 

a safety investigation IAW AFI 91-204. They will coordinate the contents of the kit for 

the medical member with the medical treatment facility. Mishap investigation kits are 

optional for AFRC units. 

2.4.3.2. Several resources are available for developing investigation kits to meet unique 

requirements including AFMAN 91-series and AFPAM 91-211, USAF Guide to Aviation 

Safety Investigation. 

2.5. Library. Air Force safety offices will establish a library with publications that specifically 

apply to the safety program. 

2.5.1. Documents may be hard copy or in electronic format. The library will include as a 

minimum: 

2.5.1.1. DoD Safety standards and handbooks and applicable host country’s governing 

safety standards, rules and regulations. 

2.5.1.2. Air Force policy directives, instructions, pamphlets, manuals and appropriate 

technical orders.

36 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

2.5.1.3. Applicable (based on organizational mission) OSHA, AFOSH 

guidance/standards, National Fire Protection Association, American National Standard 

Institute standards and other national consensus standards (e.g. Compressed Gas 

Association, Pressure Vessel and Boilermaker, etc.). 

2.5.1.4. Appropriate safety magazines, e.g., Wingman (electronic copies of these 

publications may be found on the public site at http://www.afsc.af.mil/ and using the AF 

Portal link (which requires a common access card) at: https://www.my.af.mil/gcssaf/USAF/ep/browse.do?programId=t5FDEA9F0236E62160123AA0DB6240765&cha 

nnelPageId=s6925EC13537F0FB5E044080020E329A9 

2.5.1.5. MAJCOMs will provide a safety newsletter, magazine, website or means to 

disseminate command-specific safety information to subordinate units. 

2.6. Councils and Committees. In accordance with AFI 90-801, the Air Force utilizes the 

Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Councils (ESOHC) to achieve ESOH goals 

throughout the Air Force and to provide senior leadership involvement and direction at all levels 

of command. This interdisciplinary approach includes aviation, ground, weapons and space 

safety. 

2.6.1. AFI 90-801 governs the rules regarding the conduct of Environment, Safety, and 

Occupational Health Councils. The ESOHC reviews policies and programs, establishes 

goals, monitors progress and advises leadership. IAW AFI 90-801, the ESOHC Chair may 

charter an ESOHC Safety Sub-Group to ensure full review and oversight of all safety related 

matters. 

2.6.1.1. If established, Safety Sub-Groups will be chaired by the commander or 

commander’s designee and will convene at the commander’s discretion. The Safety Sub- 

Group will be represented at a minimum by group and squadron commanders from the 

host base, representatives from each 2-letter office and commanders (or their designee) 

from tenant organizations. Union representatives will be invited and encouraged to 

participate. 

2.6.1.2. The safety staff will make all Safety Sub-Group arrangements; develop the 

agenda and distribute it in advance; and record and publish council meeting minutes. The 

Safety Sub-Group agenda and minutes will consider safety-related items addressed in the 

previous ESOHC and the meeting outcomes will be added to the agenda and proceedings 

of the following ESOHC. The chief of safety will ensure the minutes are prepared within 

30 days following a Safety Sub-Group meeting. The Sub-Group chair will approve the 

minutes and all Sub-Group members will be furnished a copy. OPRs will be identified for 

items requiring action. 

2.6.2. Attachment 2 of AFI 90-801 describes the agenda topics to be addressed during the 

ESOH Council. Hazard report analysis will include AF Form 457, as well as Hazardous Air 

Traffic Reports (HATRs). Units that own a flight line but have no assigned aircraft may 

address flight safety BASH, HATR and MACA issues through the Airfield Operations Board 

meetings. 

2.6.2.1. The safety council may be combined with the semi-annual ; however, safety 

councils are conducted quarterly. When safety and ESOH councils are combined, all 

items from AFIs 90-801 and 90-803, and AFI 91-202 will be briefed.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 37 

2.6.2.2. When the installation safety council meets separate from the ESOHC, the safety 

staff will make all safety council arrangements, develop the agenda, distribute the agenda 

in advance and record and publish council meeting minutes. The council chairperson 

approves the minutes and all council members will receive copies. OPRs will be 

identified for items requiring action. 

2.6.2.3. The following agenda items will be covered, as a minimum, for the safety 

discipline at ESOHCs and when a standalone installation safety council meeting is held 

in lieu of an ESOHC: 

2.6.2.3.1. Review safety risk-based performance goals, measures, objectives and 

targets. 

2.6.2.3.2. Review changes in safety program guidelines for implementation and 

improvement. 

2.6.2.3.3. Review the installation master hazard abatement program (RAC 1, 2, 3 

hazards), including unabated safety hazards and the plan of action to correct the 

hazards (must be conducted at least once annually). 

2.6.2.3.4. Review mishap and incident trends, safety initiatives, and applicable 

private sector and other governmental agency best practices. 

2.6.2.3.5. Analysis of mishaps experienced and progress of targeted mishap 

prevention initiatives. 

2.6.2.3.6. Review summaries of the FECA Working Group report and Non- 

Appropriated Funds employee compensation program. 

2.6.2.3.7. Analysis of Hazardous Air Traffic Reporting (HATR) and hazard reports. 

Units that own a flight line but have no assigned aircraft may address flight safety 

BASH, HATR and MACA issues through the Airfield Operations Board meetings. 

2.6.2.3.8. Summary of Department of Defense Measures of Merit (DoDI 6055.1- 

E3.11. Goals, Objectives, Measures of Merit, and Self Evaluation). 

2.6.2.3.9. Summary of inspection and assessment/evaluation results which should 

include findings and corrective actions taken or planned as applicable. Monitor status 

of compliance schedules and indicate the progress. 

2.6.2.3.10. Review appropriate training and manpower requirements. 

2.6.3. Commanders can form safety councils and committees at any level to focus group 

attention on safety or health problems. 

2.7. Non-USAF Councils and Committees. The Air Force supports federal, state, and local 

safety councils and committees and encourages safety staffs to take part in them. 

2.8. Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) Safety Programs. MAJCOMs will 

establish safety policy for MRTFB and other range activities. The overall goal of the range safety 

program is to ensure safety consistent with operational requirements, which includes preventing 

test objects, space launch vehicles, or their hazardous effects from violating established limits. 

The installation commander of the unit operating the MRTFB is considered the activity 

commander. Under the direction of the MAJCOM concerned, the activity commander will:

38 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

2.8.1. Institute a risk management program that quantifies risk and sets requirements for risk 

acceptance. 

2.8.2. Determine safety requirements and ensure all range users are in compliance. 

2.8.3. Establish allowable ground and flight safety conditions and take appropriate action to 

ensure that test articles do not violate the conditions. Where the reliability of the test object is 

not established, appropriate measures should be taken to ensure it will not endanger the 

public or their property. 

2.9. Range Safety Programs. Units operating any range facility shall conduct a range safety 

program to ensure public safety and protection of government resources and personnel. The 

Range Operating Agency (ROA) must identify, mitigate and present residual risks for acceptance 

to an appropriate authority prior to any range activity. 

2.9.1. Installation safety offices shall coordinate with the ROA to implement and document 

the risk management process. High residual risk test or range events are typically accepted by 

the installation/activity commander. Inform MAJCOM/A3 and SE of high risk activities prior 

to execution. Approval authorities in coordination with the installation safety office may 

issue local Operating Instructions (OI) IAW AFMAN 91-201 for select or repetitious 

activities. 

2.9.2. ROAs will ensure weapon safety footprints exist for all aircraft, weapons and tactics 

(including those from other services and countries) authorized for a given target and event on 

the range. Otherwise, employment is restricted IAW AFI 13-212, Range Planning and 

Operations. 

2.9.3. When it becomes necessary to destroy assets or terminate a test to protect public 

safety or high value government assets, the installation safety office shall document the 

occurrence and provide an info copy to the MAJCOM/SE.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 39 

Chapter 3 

SAFETY EVALUATIONS, INSPECTIONS, STAFF ASSISTANCE VISITS AND OTHER 

INSPECTIONS 

3.1. General. Safety program evaluations, assessments and inspections measure program 

effectiveness of DoL, DoD and AFOSH requirements. See Table 3.1 for a summary of minimum 

evaluation, assessment and inspection requirements. 

Table 3.1. Safety Evaluations, Assessments and Inspections. 

Level Frequency Type Report Note 

Program 

NOTE 1, 4, 

MAJCOM/DRU/FOA 36 Months 

Formal 

Evaluation/SAV 

12 

Program 

NOTE 2, 

NAF 36 Months 

Formal 

Evaluation/SAV 

4,12 

Installation 36 Months Program Evaluation Formal NOTE 3, 4 

Wing, Group, 

Program Assessment 

NOTE 4, 5, 

Annually 

Formal 

Squadron 

& Safety Inspection 

7, 11, 13 

NOTE 6, 9, 

Wing and below Monthly Spot Informal 

10 

Wing and below Monthly High Interest Informal NOTE 7, 10 

Wing and below Varies Special Formal NOTE 7, 8 

NOTE 1: HQ AFSC/SEG will conduct a program evaluation of all MAJCOMs/DRUs/FOA 

Ground Safety Programs. DRU and FOA program evaluations may be done in conjunction with 

AFIA Compliance Inspections. 

NOTE 2: Conducted by qualified IG safety inspector or MAJCOM safety staff. 

NOTE 3: Conducted by MAJCOM unless delegated to NAF. 

NOTE 4: For safety offices rated marginal or unsatisfactory, ensure appropriate follow-up 

actions, to include SAVs if necessary are taken to correct deficiencies. 

NOTE 5: Annual safety program assessments and inspections may be combined. 

NOTE 6: Spot inspections will be used to identify hazards and check compliance with 

applicable safety standards so as to avoid reliance on annual inspections. 

NOTE 7: Accomplished by full-time professional safety staff. 

NOTE 8: Special inspections include seasonal activities and special events. 

NOTE 9: USRs and shop level supervisors ensure spot inspections are conducted and 

documented at least monthly. 

NOTE 10: Accomplish and document high interest inspections IAW paragraph 3.5. 

NOTE 11: Program assessments are required for all organizations below installation level, but 

not lower than squadron level. 

NOTE 12: Aviation, Weapons and Space disciplines are not required to perform program 

evaluations, but will at least accomplish a SAV every 36 months. The AFSC will accomplish a 

SAV every 36 months on these MAJCOM disciplines. 

NOTE 13: Risk based inspections/assessments will be approved by the MAJCOM with criteria 

to support decision.

40 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

3.2. Safety Program Evaluations. At least once every 36 months, qualified safety personnel 

must evaluate the safety program management of each organization at installation level and 

higher. Address waiver to any evaluation requirement directly through SAF/IE to DUSD (ATL), 

with courtesy copy to AFSC. These evaluations will cover all safety disciplines. Higher 

headquarters (e.g. MAJCOM, NAF, etc.) will develop and revise checklists and a rating system 

to assess program compliance and performance for their subordinate units. Whenever possible, 

these assessments should be conducted as part of the Environment, Safety and Occupational 

Health Compliance Assessment and Management Program (ESOHCAMP) required by AFI 90- 

803. Conduct evaluations with prior notice. 

3.2.1. Safety program evaluations address the areas of command and functional manager 

support, compliance with program directives and the effectiveness of mishap prevention 

programs (performance). 

3.2.2. Prepare a written report for each evaluation. Send a copy of the report to the 

commander and safety staff of the organization evaluated. 

3.3. Safety Program Assessments. Qualified safety personnel assess the safety program 

management of each organization below installation level annually. EXCEPTION: 

Organizations with subordinate GSUs, Detachments or Operating Locations (OL) will perform a 

safety program assessment of each activity at intervals not to exceed 36 months. These 

assessments should cover all safety disciplines. 

3.3.1. Safety assessments, like program evaluations, address the areas of commander and 

supervisory support, compliance with program directives and the effectiveness of mishap 

prevention programs (performance). Assessments may be conducted in conjunction with the 

annual safety inspection. 

3.3.2. Prepare a written report for each assessment. Send a copy of the report to the 

commander of the organization. The evaluation report may be combined with the annual 

inspection report. 

3.3.3. Installations will develop checklists and a qualitative rating system (complies, 

complies with comments, does not comply) to rate program compliance and performance. 

Conduct assessments with prior notice. 

3.4. Annual Safety Inspections. Safety inspections help identify hazards and measure 

compliance with applicable safety guidance and standards. Annual inspections may be combined 

with the annual program assessment. Full-time safety staffs may accomplish risk based 

inspections/assessments on units using tools such as the unit assessment tool and evaluation 

(URATE) used by some AETC units. Risk based inspections/assessments will be approved by 

the command with criteria to support decision to use risk based inspections. 

3.4.1. Scope. At least annually, qualified personnel shall inspect every installation 

workplace/facility. Inspections are to be conducted more frequently based on factors such as 

the exposure to and potential severity of hazards, actual accident experience, special 

emphasis programs, changes in the organization’s staffing or workplaces or other event that 

increases risk in the workplace. Procedures shall be established to document and follow-up 

on the correction of hazards/deficiencies identified during inspections every 30 days (see 

hazard abatement program). Conduct inspections of all workplaces and operations where Air 

Force personnel are regularly employed at fixed installations. Inspections of workplaces and

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 41 

operations in contractor facilities (government owned, contractor operated (GOCO) or 

contractor owned/operated) where fewer than 25 Air Force personnel are employed shall be 

at the discretion of the Chief of Safety, based on existing conditions and potential risks. 

Assist the multi-functional team, upon request, to resolve any issues related to the safety of 

the contractor’s facilities. 

3.4.1.1. Facility, workplace and operational inspections. The safety manager will ensure 

safety personnel are properly qualified and/or have been task certified to perform all 

aspects of the inspection, and all facilities assigned to the unit are inspected/documented. 

3.4.1.2. All hazards/deficiencies identified during the inspections will be assigned a RAC 

(if applicable) and the safety staff conducting the inspection will assist the responsible 

supervisor in developing hazard abatement actions. 

3.4.1.3. Checklists will be used to help identify hazards, deficiencies and other work 

related violations. The safety staff will ensure checklists are available to all assigned 

personnel. These checklists will be reviewed at least annually for accuracy and relevancy 

by the safety staff. Method of documentation of the review is determined by the safety 

staff. 

3.4.1.4. The host safety staff inspects units that do not have an authorized full-time 

safety position in a particular discipline. The host performs the required annual inspection 

except when support agreement directs otherwise. 

3.4.1.5. Geographically Separated Units (GSUs) with full-time safety personnel will 

inspect workplaces annually and keep a copy of report on file until the next annual 

inspection. For GSUs without a full-time safety staff, the host base safety office conducts 

the annual workplace’s inspection (unless a support agreement specifies otherwise) and 

forwards a copy of report to the GSU and the GSU's parent organization. 

3.4.1.6. Tenant/Associate units with a full-time safety staff (by discipline) will conduct 

annual inspections. 

3.4.1.7. Inspect at least 20 percent of unmanned missile and space launch facilities once 

a year. Select these launch work areas to ensure that a representative segment of the 

unit’s assets are inspected annually. Inspections must be scheduled to ensure all launch 

work areas will be inspected over a 5-year cycle. 

3.4.2. Procedures. Safety staffs will conduct multi-discipline (e.g. Aviation, Ground, etc.) 

inspections when feasible. The safety staff will develop and publish an annual inspection 

schedule and distribute to units no later than 15 December for the upcoming calendar year or 

15 September for the upcoming fiscal year. A copy shall also be provided to union(s), as 

applicable. 

3.4.2.1. Inspectors must consult with workplace personnel and their union 

representatives on matters affecting their safety and health and give them the opportunity 

to identify unsafe and unhealthy working conditions, equipment and practices. Conduct 

such consultations privately and do not identify employees who want to remain 

anonymous. 

3.4.2.2. Provide an out brief to the commander within three duty days and a formal 

written report to the squadron/unit commander within 15 calendar days after completion

42 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

of inspection. COS may waive the time criteria for the formal report as necessary. 

Ensure these reports along with the unit's corrective actions are staffed through the 

installation commander as their policy prescribes. When the host base safety office 

conducts inspections of tenant units, the tenant unit USR will send a copy of the report to 

the parent safety office. Formal inspection reports must contain: 

3.4.2.2.1. The unit, activity or work area inspected. 

3.4.2.2.2. The date of the inspection. 

3.4.2.2.3. Management and supervisory support for safety. 

3.4.2.2.4. Mishap experience and trends. 

3.4.2.2.5. Compliance with safety program directives. 

3.4.2.2.6. Description of any hazards or unsafe work practices with risk assessment 

codes (as applicable) and references. 

3.4.2.2.7. Causes of deficiencies and hazards noted, if known. 

3.4.2.2.8. Recommendations for improvement/compliance. 

3.4.2.2.9. Instructions for follow-up actions such as requiring units to provide 

monthly updates on open items until closure. 

3.4.2.3. Follow-up procedures and actions. The inspected unit will submit to the safety 

staff corrective actions taken. Safety personnel will track and monitor the status of all 

open inspection findings until closed. Use spot inspections and follow-up reporting to 

ensure corrective action(s) are taken and hazards are mitigated. Transfer hazards 

identified during annual inspections (RACs 1, 2, and 3) not corrected within 30 days to 

the Master Hazard Abatement Plan. RACs 4 or 5 are addressed in Chapter 12 and should 

also be tracked using the hazard abatement program. 

3.5. Spot Inspections. Spot inspections are an effective way to find and eliminate transitory 

hazards and ensure compliance with safety requirements. Supervisors, USRs and safety 

personnel will perform spot inspections to check the day-to-day safety and health of an 

organization, work center, facility, etc. See discipline specific chapters for additional operations 

and areas that need to be inspected or monitored. 

3.5.1. The Chief of Safety will develop a spot inspection program for safety staff to ensure 

coverage of on- and off-duty activities that occur on, or are controlled by, the installation. 

3.5.2. All Air Force personnel should identify and take action, as appropriate, to eliminate 

hazards in the workplace. USRs and supervisors will ensure documented spot inspections are 

conducted at least monthly to ensure 100% of the workplaces are covered annually. 

3.5.3. Documentation of spot inspection will include the following: 

3.5.3.1. The organization, unit, activity or work area inspected. 

3.5.3.2. The date and time of the inspection. 

3.5.3.3. The inspector’s name and their organization or office symbol.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 43 

3.5.3.4. A brief description of the areas, equipment or processes/procedures reviewed as 

well as observations (may also include positive findings), hazards or unsafe work 

practices. When qualified safety personnel identify hazards, assign RACs as applicable. 

3.5.3.5. Causes of deficiencies and hazards, as noted. 

3.5.3.6. Recommendations for corrective action. 

3.5.3.7. Name and phone number of responsible person. 

3.5.3.8. Ensure appropriate follow-up actions (every 30 days) are conducted and 

documented until findings are closed. 

3.6. High Interest Areas. High interest areas are those areas that have the greatest risk to life or 

property damage, have experienced repeated mishaps or in the judgment of the safety office 

require added monitoring. They can also be work areas or operations that need additional 

attention or inspections because of increased mishap potential due to the nature of the work 

performed, physical conditions, or type of materials handled. High interest areas, if identified, 

will be designated by the Chief of Safety in writing. Inspections will be accomplished and 

documented at least monthly. 

3.7. Administrative Areas. Collateral-duty safety personnel who are task-qualified may 

conduct inspections of these areas when the safety staff determines the mishap potential is 

minimal. The base safety staff develops specific provisions for meeting inspection requirements 

(subject to approval by the safety directorate) and conducts over the shoulder assessments of the 

collateral-duty personnel to ensure that their safety inspections are sound. 

3.8. Special and Seasonal Inspections. Inspections are conducted to ensure work and 

recreational environments are safe and healthy for base personnel. 

3.8.1. Special inspections include seasonal, targeted mishap preventive activities, special 

events and mission readiness operations/exercises. Special inspections will be conducted of 

installation child development centers, approved day care homes and play grounds that are 

part of real property. Services will coordinate with the safety staff to inspect at least 10 

percent of all approved home-day-care providers annually. 

3.8.2. Seasonal inspections will be conducted of recreational areas (e.g., sports fields, 

swimming pools, camp grounds, and recreational vehicle parks and other recreational areas). 

Services will coordinate with the safety staff to jointly conduct pre- and post-season 

inspections of seasonal areas. Preseason inspections ensure post-season inspection hazards 

have been corrected and that there are no new hazards. The safety staff will conduct post 

season inspections to identify any additional hazards, which should be corrected before 

operation. 

3.9. Staff Assistance Visits (SAV). The purpose of the SAV program is to help develop 

solutions, not to inspect or evaluate and to make recommendations for improvement. Safety 

staffs at all command levels visit subordinate units when requested or when problems, personnel 

turnover or special issues require on-scene assistance. Provide a written report to the 

commander. Do not require replies unless an action started during the visit needs monitoring by 

the higher headquarters safety staff or requires further staff action above the level of the visited 

unit. 

3.9.1. Staff Assistance Visits may be conducted at any level at any time.

44 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

3.9.2. HQ AFSC will conduct SAVs of all MAJCOMs on a continuous rotating basis or as 

requested. 

3.9.3. MAJCOMs may delegate installation staff assistance visits to the NAF. 

3.9.4. SAVs should be conducted to assist units that receive a rating of marginal or 

unsatisfactory during program evaluations, Operational Readiness Inspections (ORI) or Unit 

Compliance Inspections (UCI). The goal of SAVs is to train personnel and develop a roadmap 

for program management improvement. 

3.10. Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Compliance Assessment and 

Management Program (ESOHCAMP). 

3.10.1. Tier 2 and 3 ESOHCAMPs. Safety staffs may use the Tier 2 and 3 ESOHCAMPs as 

an opportunity to conduct a program evaluation of installation safety functions. Similarly, 

MAJCOM safety staffs may partner with the Inspector General to meet program evaluation 

responsibilities. MAJCOM safety staffs will coordinate the scope and content of Tier 2 and 3 

ESOHCAMPs with MAJCOM Safety and Health professionals. 

3.10.2. Tier 1 ESOHCAMP. Installation units (wing, base, center, etc.,) will coordinate the 

scope and content of Tier 1 ESOHCAMPs with installation Occupational, Safety and Health 

professionals (such as Bioenvironmental Engineering, PH and SGP). Tier 1 ESOHCAMPs 

should be used as an opportunity to conduct a self-inspection of installation level programs. 

3.11. Department of Labor (DoL) Inspections. OSHA officials may conduct inspections of 

nonmilitary-unique workplaces and operations where Air Force civilian personnel work 

(inspections may be unannounced). See Chapter 8 for specific requirements. 

3.12. Contract Performance Assessment. Installation safety offices will assist the multifunctional 

team (MFT) in validating that contractors are meeting the safety requirements of the 

contract. The contracting officer is responsible for notifying contractors performing work on the 

installation that the installation is pursuing VPP certification. 

3.12.1. The MFT will ensure contractors perform IAW the terms and conditions of the 

contract. Discrepancies will be reported to the MFT via contracting officer’s representative 

(COR). Commanders will ensure CORs that are required to monitor safety requirements are 

trained in the recognition of hazardous conditions/environments, the use of safety and health 

standards, and in other areas of safety, as necessary. The Safety Office will assist 

commanders and CORs in specialized safety training requirements to ensure the COR is 

properly trained to provide oversight of the contract. 

3.12.2. Air Force personnel who note potential safety violation(s) will report the hazard to 

the COR. CORs notify the multi-functional team, and initiate the appropriate actions related 

to violations. Unless there is imminent danger, Air Force personnel should avoid reporting 

safety violations directly to the contractor, but should immediately report observed violations 

to the contracting officer or the installation safety office. 

3.12.3. Inspection of Contractor Work Areas and Government Owned Contractor Operated 

(GOCO) Work Areas. When Air Force personnel conduct safety inspections in contractor 

work areas their primary concern is the potential risks to Air Force personnel and 

government property. Hazardous conditions or violations of safety standards should be 

reported to the contracting officer, the responsible commander or to the installation safety

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 45 

office. NOTE: Inspections of workplaces and operations in contractor installations where 

fewer than 25 DoD personnel are employed shall be at the COS’s discretion, based on 

existing conditions and potential risks. 

3.12.3.1. GOCO explosives activities must comply with the applicable portions of DoDI 

4145.26, DoD Contractor’s Safety Requirements for Ammunition and Explosives, to 

assure safety of the activity and the prevention of mishaps. 

3.12.3.2. The requirements documents will require compliance with appropriate 

provisions of DoDD 6055.9-STD, DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, 

AFMAN 91-201 and this instruction.

46 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Chapter 4 

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND REPORTING 

4.1. Hazard Identification. Mishap prevention depends on personnel identifying, reporting and 

correcting hazards promptly and efficiently. Managers or supervisors will not discriminate 

against an employee who exercises their right to report hazards. Reports can be submitted 

anonymously. 

4.2. Reporting Criteria. Submit hazard reports unless personnel can take corrective action 

under this instruction or any of these Air Force publications: 

4.2.1. AFI 11-215, USAF Flight Manuals Program (FMP). 

4.2.2. AFI 51-1101, The Air Force Procurement Fraud Remedies Program. 

4.2.3. AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports. 

4.2.4. T.O. 00-5-1, Air Force Technical Order System. 

4.2.5. T.O. 00-35D-54, USAF Deficiency Reporting, Investigation and Resolution. 

4.3. Hazard Reporting Procedures. Commanders must ensure an AF Form 457, USAF 

Hazard Report (HR), or equivalent product is available to all personnel. Any person assigned, 

attached or under contract to the Air Force may report a hazard. A hazard report may be 

submitted on any event that includes hazards, unsafe procedures, practices or conditions that 

affects flight, ground, weapons, systems or space safety. Report hazards to the responsible 

supervisor or consult local SE office for guidance. 

4.3.1. If the hazard presents imminent danger, the supervisor or individual responsible for 

that area will take immediate action to mitigate or eliminate the hazard to protect personnel 

or property. 

4.3.2. Report hazards that cannot be eliminated immediately to the installation safety office 

via the AF Form 457, by telephone, e-mail or in person. 

4.3.3. The Chief of Safety will determine the appropriate safety, fire or health discipline to 

investigate the HR. The assigned investigator will investigate the HR within one (1) duty day 

for imminent danger situations, and three (3) duty days for potentially serious situations and 

10 duty days for lesser conditions. The investigator discusses the HR with the member who 

submitted the report (if known), the responsible supervisor or manager and other parties 

involved to validate the hazard and determine the best interim control and corrective action. 

4.3.4. If the hazard is validated: 

4.3.4.1. The investigator assigns a HR control number, a RAC as appropriate and 

monitors all corrective actions until complete. 

4.3.4.2. The investigator completes the HR’s Part II, ―Summary of Investigation,‖ and 

sends it promptly to the individual responsible for making sure corrective action is 

completed and the hazard eliminated or controlled. 

4.3.4.3. The responsible individual completes Part II, ―Action Taken,‖ within 10 working 

days and returns the HR to the safety office for monitoring.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 47 

4.3.4.4. The investigator informs the originator (if known) in writing about the corrective 

action or plans and conducts follow-up reviews until the action is completed. The 

investigator informs the originator, (if known), about the completed action within 10 

workdays after the report is closed. If the originator is not known, inform the supervisor 

or manager of corrective actions. 

4.3.4.5. If the HR response is not satisfactory to the originator, the originator should 

resubmit the report and follow procedures in paragraph 4.5 

4.3.4.6. HRs that generate an AF Form 3, Installation Hazard Abatement Plan, may be 

closed and corrective action monitored through the hazard abatement process. 

4.4. Additional Reporting Procedures. Transient personnel unable to report a hazard at a base 

where it is found should submit the HR to the next Air Force base they visit, or to the safety 

office at their home base. The receiving safety office will send the report to the responsible base 

safety offices. 

4.4.1. The safety office sends reports on hazards that cannot be corrected at the local level to 

the agencies that can take appropriate action. 

4.4.2. Tenant personnel send hazard reports involving activities for which the host is 

responsible to the host base safety office for processing. 

4.4.3. Hazard reports requiring urgent action should be transmitted by the most 

expeditionary communication means available (overnight mail, official government email, 

telephone). A written report must be submitted when time permits. 

4.4.4. Persons identifying hazards involving weather forecasting must submit hazard reports 

as soon as possible to ensure that records are not destroyed. Promptly advise the appropriate 

agency providing weather forecasting services, i.e., installation weather flight/detachment 

supporting operational weather squadron, etc., of their intention to submit a hazard report. 

Aircrews should consider using a Hazardous Air Traffic Report. 

4.4.5. Installation safety staffs send hazard reports that involve other military services, 

foreign nations or other agencies outside the Air Force to HQ AFSC/SE, 9700 G Ave SE, 

Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5670, and to the affected Air Force units and their chain of 

command as information addressees. Upon receipt, AFSC will maintain tracking and 

subsequent closing action of the report and will report results to both the sending and 

affected unit. 

4.5. Employee Appeal Procedures. If an employee is dissatisfied with actions taken on a 

hazard report, he or she should resubmit the report to the appropriate installation safety, fire 

protection or Bioenvironmental Engineering office, and request the alleged hazard be 

reinvestigated. Reports can be submitted anonymously. The safety, fire and/or health 

representative must respond within 10 workdays. 

4.5.1. If the employee is still dissatisfied, they may appeal to a higher level of safety, fire 

protection or health office in the following sequence: 

4.5.1.1. Intermediate headquarters. 

4.5.1.2. MAJCOM headquarters.

48 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

4.5.1.3. AFSC/SEG (safety hazards), AFCESA/CEXF (fire hazards), or AFMSA/SG3 

(health hazards). 

4.5.1.4. SAF/IE, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment and 

Logistics. 

4.5.1.5. Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Environmental Security. This is the final 

review for reports that originate at installations in foreign countries, from military 

personnel or involve military-unique operations or equipment. 

4.5.2. Higher level of appeals must be addressed promptly and a reply sent to the employee 

within 20 calendar days. If a reply is not received within 20 calendar days or if the employee 

is dissatisfied with the reply, they may appeal to the next higher level. Each reply to an 

appeal will advise the employee of this right and will include the office symbol and address 

of the next higher level of appeal. If requested, the appropriate agency will assist the 

employee in obtaining technical information for clarification or for processing the appeal. 

4.5.3. Civilian employees may submit appeals directly to the Office of Federal Agency 

Safety Programs, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US Department of Labor. 

However, the procedures outlined in the paragraphs above are encouraged as the most 

expeditious means of correcting hazardous conditions. 

4.5.4. The procedures outlined above do not prevent the use of agency or negotiated 

grievance procedures. 

4.6. Risk Reduction and Mitigation. Commanders and supervisors at all levels are expected to 

determine the level of acceptable risk required to preserve assets and safeguard health and 

welfare. They should incorporate risk management into daily activities, on- and off-duty, IAW 

AFI 90-901. These principles are: 

4.6.1. Accept no unnecessary risk. 

4.6.2. Make risk decisions at the appropriate level. 

4.6.3. Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost. 

4.6.4. Integrate risk management into operations and planning at all levels.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 49 

Chapter 5 

INFORMATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 

5.1. Information Protection. Safety mishap reports have information in them that must be 

protected under for official use only (FOUO), Privacy Act or Export Control Act. For FOUO 

handling procedures, see AFI 91-204, Safety Investigation and Reports, and DoD Regulation 

5200.1R, Information Security Program. Any release of safety mishap reports outside Air Force 

safety channels must be coordinated with AFSC/JA prior to release. Refer to AFI 91-204 for 

further information, possible exceptions and handling restrictions. 

5.2. Safety Information. 

5.2.1. Forward reports of Air Force mishaps as directed by AFI 91-204. Some of these 

reports may have recommendations requiring urgent action by some addressees. Consider 

mishap reports to be action documents. 

5.2.2. Urgent action notices will be forwarded to HQ AFSC through the Air Force Service 

Watch Center (AFSWC) at DSN 227-6103 or AFWatch@Pentagon.af.mil. HQ AFSC will 

distribute these notices to safety offices through electronic distribution as appropriate to 

organizations with applicable guidance/instructions. 

5.3. Recurring Publications. The goal of these publications is to prevent mishaps in operating 

and maintaining aircraft and associated equipment and workplaces, storing and handling 

explosives and weapons, conducting industrial operations, operating government and privately 

owned vehicles, and participating in off-duty sports and recreation. These publications also 

provide educational information on implementing applicable standards and in establishing and 

maintaining nuclear surety and environmental safety programs. The OPR for each publication 

will determine the content and frequency. HQ AFSC/SEF posts monthly Blue Four News on the 

Air Force Safety Automated System (AFSAS) website, summarizing the previous month's Class 

A flight mishaps. This summary contains privileged information and will be protected IAW AFI 

91-204, Chapter 3. 

5.3.1. HQ AFSC/SE will issue recurring publications pertaining to the Air Force mishap 

prevention program. 

5.3.2. MAJCOM Publications. MAJCOMs will publish a safety magazine, newsletter or 

other media to disseminate command-specific safety information to subordinate units. 

MAJCOMs without published media may use an electronic website or Community of 

Practice to satisfy this requirement. 

5.3.3. Periodic Summaries. HQ/AFSC sends periodic mishap summaries to the MAJCOM 

safety staffs. These summaries include recent mishap experience, mishap statistics, analyses 

of current problem areas and proposed changes in safety policy. These summaries will be 

disseminated, as appropriate, to subordinate organizations for mishap prevention purposes. 

5.4. Methods of Information Distribution. Select an appropriate distribution method by 

considering content, time available and audience. The MAJCOM/SE will determine the 

appropriate distribution methods for their subordinate organizations. Suggested methods of 

distributing advisory information are:

50 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

5.4.1. Safety meetings. 

5.4.2. Supervisor safety briefings. 

5.4.3. Base newspapers and bulletins. 

5.4.4. Safety publications. 

5.4.5. HQ/AFSC or MAJCOM publications. 

5.4.6. Electronically via e-mail, web page or video. 

5.5. Mishap Analysis Program. In order to reduce mishaps, Commanders and Chiefs of Safety 

must know the type and number of mishaps that occur in their command. Once the type and 

number are identified, commanders can take risk mitigation actions based on sound statistical 

data. This historical look-back approach should not preclude a proactive, forward looking mishap 

prevention plan based on pre-identified hazards that haven’t yet caused a mishap. 

5.5.1. MAJCOMs and Wings will: 

5.5.1.1. Conduct a annual analysis and develop specific actions to reverse adverse trends. 

Analysis should target specific problem areas with recommendations for commander 

approval and appropriate actions. 

5.5.1.2. Analysis programs must identify successes or problem areas and trends, measure 

safety program effectiveness and guide prevention actions. 

5.5.2. HQ AFSC will perform Air Force level trend analysis and publish results. In addition, 

AFSC may conduct Safety Analysis Team (SAT) hazard and mishap trend analysis (as 

described in paragraph 5.8) for MAJCOMs, as directed by AF/SE. 

5.6. Mishap Prevention Analysis Methods. There are several ways to approach analysis of 

mishap data for mishap prevention purposes. Program analysis functions are to target, monitor 

and/or study. 

5.6.1. Target Approach. This approach is similar to the study method below. After 

determining causes of mishaps, recommendations are developed and prioritized based on the 

frequency and severity. Corrective actions are directed at the activities and mechanisms that 

result in the greatest number of injuries. 

5.6.2. Monitor Approach. In this method, the safety staff selects categories of raw data and 

reviews them regularly in the form of tabulations or rates. The object is to identify trends and 

problem areas. Selection of the areas to be monitored depends on the available data and the 

needs of the organization. Mishap reports are a good place to start, but other areas should not 

be overlooked. Some other categories that may be appropriate for analysis are: 

5.6.2.1. Hazardous Air Traffic Reports. 

5.6.2.2. High Accident Potential Reports. 

5.6.2.3. Deficiency Reports. 

5.6.2.4. Inspection/Evaluation Reports. 

5.6.2.5. Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Reports. 

5.6.2.6. First-Aid Cases.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 51 

5.6.2.7. Maintenance Logs or Reports. 

5.6.2.8. Hazard Reports. 

5.6.3. Study Approach. This is a detailed examination of a problem. A study should follow a 

systematic process. It typically follows the format of the Scientific Method. The researcher 

first drafts a problem statement that clearly defines the goals of the study. For example, a 

suitably specific research question might be ―Determine a trend in the frequency of X and 

identify possible explanations for this trend.‖ The researcher will then conduct background 

research to identify factors and data relevant to the problem. Then the researcher must draft 

an objective statement that describes the problem and limits the study (the hypothesis or 

purpose). An example is ―X is increasing because of Y.‖ Then the researcher develops a plan 

on how these factors and data are going to be collected, tabulated, compared, plotted and 

analyzed (methods). Finally, the data is collected and analyzed and results reported 

confirming or denying the hypotheses. Conclusions and implications regarding application of 

the results of the study are the most important outcome of the study. 

5.7. Use of Analyzed Data. The purpose of analysis is to help prevent mishaps. Present 

conclusions drawn in a useful format to the people who can use them directly in their prevention 

programs. The data should also be available to other organizations with like equipment or 

problems. After taking corrective actions, follow-up analysis may be done to measure the 

effectiveness of these actions. 

5.8. Safety Analysis Team (SAT) Process. The SAT process is a proactive, data-driven 

process with the goal of providing commanders with unbiased, rank-ordered risk mitigation 

strategies to assist in resource allocation for the preservation of combat capability. 

5.8.1. The SAT process focuses exclusively on Subject Matter Expert (SME) analysis of 

mishap reports, identification of ―documented‖ risk and development of risk mitigation 

strategies to meet these hazards. The process then considers the effectiveness of each of the 

strategies weighed against real-world constraints, and through detailed mathematical analysis 

provides commanders with a rank-ordered list of qualified and quantified recommendations 

for implementation. 

5.8.2. SAT assessments can be requested through the AFSC Analysis and Integration 

Division (AFSC/SEA). All requests are approved by AF/SE. HQ AFSC/SEA will conduct 

the study and provide a final report and out-brief to the requesting commander. For 

additional information contact HQ AFSC/SEA; DSN: 246-1562, Commercial: (505) 846- 

1562. 

5.9. Air Force Culture Assessment Safety Tool (AFCAST). AFCAST provides squadron 

commanders and above with web-based tools to survey aircrew, maintenance and support 

personnel regarding safety issues. AFCAST also offers ground safety versions for Drinking and 

Driving, Private Motor Vehicle, Motorcycle, and Off-duty and Outdoor Recreational Activity. 

5.9.1. AFCAST helps commanders identify safety concerns and hazards while highlighting 

where to focus their hazard assessment efforts. This tool’s key goal is identification and 

correction of subtle organizational conditions that increase mishap potential. Commanders 

receive real-time feedback on attitudes and perceptions concerning safety climate and 

culture, resource availability, workload, progress of safety intervention programs and other 

operational factors relating to safety.

52 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

5.9.2. Commanders can request AFCAST surveys by visiting www.afcast.org. Other 

inquiries must be addressed to the HQ AFSC Human Factors Division (HQ AFSC/SEH). 

5.10. Organizational Safety Assessment (OSA). OSAs are a proactive, mishap prevention tool 

that aids commanders and other leaders in risk assessment and decision making. 

5.10.1. The OSA program focuses on operations, maintenance, air traffic control, security 

forces and other areas directly related to safety. It assesses and quantifies personnel stress 

levels and perceptions. The OSA identifies organizational climate and culture factors with 

safety implications and provides base level senior leadership with proven safety 

recommendations tailored to specific situations. 

5.10.2. Installation-level commanders may request an OSA through the AFSC Human 

Factors Division (AFSC/SEH). All requests are approved by AF/SE. HQ AFSC will conduct 

the assessment and provide an out-brief to the requesting commander. Contact AFSC/SEHA 

DSN 246-3763 for information. 

5.11. Standard Mishap Metrics. Mishap metrics (calculated as a number of events against 

some kind of exposure) are an effective way to compare the actions and accomplishments of 

your unit. Consideration must be given to the differences in operations, environment, equipment 

or other variables when comparing organizations or MAJCOMs. The metrics used by the safety 

community to this point have focused on results - the number of mishaps experienced over time 

relative to exposure. HQ AFSC uses standardized rates for metrics below: 

5.11.1. Aviation Mishaps. 

5.11.1.1. Total USAF Aviation Class A/B Metric. This metric identifies the number of 

USAF aviation mishaps (to include flight, flight related aircraft ground operations and 

remotely piloted aircraft [RPA]) and aircraft flight and RPA mishap rates per 100,000 

flying hours. The Class A/B rate is calculated as the total number of Class A/B mishaps 

multiplied by 100,000 flying hours divided by the total number of flying hours. 

5.11.1.2. USAF Class A Aviation Flight Mishap Metric. This metric identifies the 

number of USAF Class A aircraft flight mishaps per 100,000 flying hours. 

5.11.1.3. Aviation-Related Fatalities Metric. This metric identifies the number of 

fatalities due to USAF aviation mishaps and mishap rates per 100,000 flying hours. 

5.11.1.4. Destroyed USAF Aircraft Metric. This metric identifies the number of 

destroyed USAF aircraft due to aviation mishaps and mishap rates per 100,000 flying 

hours. 

5.11.1.5. USAF RPA A/B Metric. This metric identifies the number of USAF RPA 

mishaps and the RPA mishap rate per 100,000 flying hours. 

5.11.1.6. USAF RPA Destroyed Metric. This metric identifies the number of USAF 

destroyed RPA and the rate per 100,000 flying hours. 

5.11.2. Class A & B Missile and Explosives Metric. This metric identifies the total Class A 

and B missile and explosives mishaps. 

5.11.3. Class A & B Space Metric. This metric identifies the total Class A and B Space 

mishaps.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 53 

5.11.4. Ground Mishaps. 

5.11.4.1. On-Duty Ground Metric (Rate). This metric applies to both military and 

civilian personnel and is used to identify the number of mishaps, fatalities or injuries 

experienced by military and civilian personnel while on-duty per 100,000 personnel per 

FY. To calculate daily, monthly or yearly on-duty rates, multiply the total number of 

military and civilian mishap, fatalities or injuries by 100,000 personnel divided by the 

military and civilian strength. NOTE: When calculating rates for periods of time less 

than one year, the reduced exposure time must be accounted for as provided in the 

monthly and daily examples below. NOTE: AFSC calculates daily and yearly statistics 

based upon AFPC strength numbers. 

5.11.4.2. Off-Duty Ground Metric (Rate). This metric applies only to military personnel 

and is used to identify the number of mishaps, fatalities or injuries experienced by offduty 

military personnel per 100,000 personnel per year. To calculate daily, monthly or 

yearly off-duty rates, multiply the total number of military mishap, fatalities or injuries x 

100,000 personnel divided by the military strength (see examples in paragraph 5.11.4.1 

above except exclude civilian strength). NOTE: When calculating rates for periods of 

time less than one year, the reduced exposure time must be accounted for as provided as 

in the examples in paragraph 5.11.4.1 above. NOTE: AFSC calculates daily and yearly 

statistics based upon AFPC strength numbers. 

5.11.4.3. Private Motor Vehicle (PMV) Off-duty Fatality Metric (Rate). This metric 

applies only to military personnel and is used to identify the number of off-duty PMV 

mishaps, fatalities or injuries experienced by off-duty military personnel per 100,000 

personnel (see examples in paragraph 5.11.4.1 above except exclude civilian strength). 

NOTE: When calculating rates for periods of time less than one year, the reduced 

exposure time must be accounted for as provided as in the examples in paragraph 

5.11.4.1 above. 

5.11.4.4. Total Case Incident Rate (TCIR). This metric applies only to civilian personnel 

and is used to identify the total number of recordable (Class A, B, C, and D) civilian 

injuries and illness cases per 100 full-time employees that a site has experienced per year. 

Rationale: The 200,000 hours are based on 100 full-time workers working 40 hours per 

week, 50 weeks each year (100 x 40 hours per week x 50 weeks). Total man hours 

worked equals the personnel strength x 40 hours per week x 50 weeks per year plus 

overtime hours worked. NOTE: When calculating rates for periods of time less than one 

year, the reduced exposure time must be accounted for as provided in the examples in 

paragraph 5.11.4.1 excluding military strength. NOTE: Actual hours to include overtime 

should be used for computing civilian hours worked. 

5.11.4.5. Days Away, Restricted, and/or Transfer (DART) Case Incidence Rate. This 

metric applies only to civilian personnel and is used to identify the total number of 

recordable civilian injuries and illness cases per 100 full-time employees resulting in days 

away from work, restricted work activity, and/or job transfer that a site has experienced 

in a given time frame. Rationale: The 200,000 hours are based on 100 full-time workers 

working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks each year (100 x 40 hours per week x 50 weeks). 

Total man hours worked equals the personnel strength x 40 hours per week x 50 weeks 

per year plus overtime hours worked. NOTE: When calculating rates for periods of time

54 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

less than one year, the reduced exposure time must be accounted for as provided in the 

examples in para 5.11.4.1.excluding military strength NOTE: Actual hours to include 

overtime should be used for computing civilian hours worked. 

5.11.4.6. To compare your TCIR and DART rates go to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) website at http://www.osha.gov/oshstats/work.html for national averages. 

5.12. Calculating Federal Employee Compensation Metric (Rate). This metric applies only 

to civilian personnel. These rates are related to civilian claims that result for on-duty civilian 

mishaps per 200,000 hours of exposure. To calculate the rates, multiply the number of civilian 

compensation claims by 200,000 hours divided by civilian strength multiplied by 2,000 hours 

plus overtime hours. Rationale: The 2,000 hours equates to 40 hours per week x 50 weeks per 

year. NOTE: When calculating rates for periods of time less than one year, the reduced 

exposure time must be accounted for as provided in the examples in paragraph 5.11.4.1 

excluding military strength.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 55 

Chapter 6 

DEPLOYMENT AND CONTINGENCY SAFETY 

6.1. Deployment and Contingency Safety Program. The purpose of this chapter is to provide 

Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) a tool to preserve combat capability and manage 

risk to U.S. based and deployed Air Force units supporting U.S. homeland and worldwide 

contingency operations. The rotational nature of forces within an Area of Responsibility (AOR) 

necessitates an active program and commander involvement at all levels. Pre-planning, training, 

and preparation prior to deployments are essential to mission success. See AFPAM 91-216, 

USAF Safety Deployment and Contingency. NOTE: The Safety Supplement of the War 

Mobilization Plan is a tool available to further assist the safety community and commanders with 

helping to determine which programs that could be reduced or suspended at home station or as 

forces are deployed and reduced manpower affects the ability of forces to execute home station 

responsibilities. 

6.1.1. Objectives. 

6.1.1.1. Provide timely and accurate safety information to commanders. 

6.1.1.2. Enhance deployed unit mishap prevention programs. 

6.1.1.3. Identify unit hazards to Air Force Forces Command (AFFOR). This includes 

only command Master Hazard Abatement items (RACs 1 -3), not RAC 4 and 5 hazards. 

6.1.1.4. Recommend required mishap mitigation measures. 

6.1.2. No aspect of this chapter is intended to conflict with existing AFPDs, AFIs or Tactics, 

Techniques, and Procedures (TTP). It is intended to clarify the duties and responsibilities of 

the deployed Air Force Safety office and assigned personnel in the context of a unique 

deployment environment. In the event that this instruction conflicts with safety guidelines set 

forth by AOR governing/executive agency, the most restrictive guidance will apply. The 

requirements of the Deployed and Contingency Safety Program apply to all AFFOR 

assigned/gained/aligned units for the duration of their assignment or deployment. In specific 

areas where guidance is lacking in this instruction, good judgment and thorough 

communication throughout the chain of command must prevail. 

6.1.3. Bare Base Safety. 

6.1.3.1. Risk Management. While establishing bare base and short term operations, the 

single most important action a deployed Chief of Safety can take is time-critical Risk 

Management. Specific programs as listed in this instruction will be implemented as 

resources are available to establish and maintain them. Once in place, sustainment ops 

commanders, supervisors and functional managers at all levels will develop and 

implement safety, risk management and health programs that integrate hazard reduction 

and safety policy into all on-duty and off-duty operations and activities. 

6.1.3.2. Key Programs. Bare base safety priorities must include a Spot Inspection 

Program (ensures safety is in the work areas), the Unit Safety Representative program 

(conduit for information to and from the unit), and Mishap Response Plans. As the 

location matures, the commander must evaluate the need for additional programs.

56 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

6.1.4. DELETE. 

6.2. AFFOR/SE. 

6.2.1. AFFOR/SE elements will forward deploy as needed to the AOR in support of Air 

Expeditionary Force (AEF) tasking, Operational Plans (OPLANS), contingency operations, 

theater engagement or to perform assessments. 

6.2.2. AFFOR/SE Responsibilities: 

6.2.2.1. Guide the execution of the AFFOR Safety Program within the AOR. 

6.2.2.2. Coordinate manpower requirements for staff safety functions in the AOR. 

6.2.2.3. Coordinate and execute the AFFOR Hazard Review Board. See paragraph 6.7. 

6.2.2.4. Coordinate with the COMAFFOR, other Component Commands, Host Nations, 

sister services, MAJCOMs/NAFs, other governmental agencies and non-governmental 

agencies on safety-specific theater issues and safety investigations. 

6.2.2.5. Actively administer the AFFOR Theater Safety Engagement Program. 

6.2.2.6. Author AOR OPLAN annexes, as required. 

6.2.2.7. Conduct semi-annual evaluations to ensure continuity of AFFOR-gained units, 

observe execution of unit safety programs and provide feedback, as necessary. 

6.2.2.8. On a periodic basis, AFFOR/SE will host an AOR Safety conference. The 

conference will review current issues and policies in the AOR. 



6.2.4.1. DELETE. 

6.2.4.2. DELETE. 

6.2.4.3. DELETE. 

6.2.4.4. DELETE. 

6.2.4.5. DELETE. 

6.2.4.6. DELETE. 

6.2.4.7. DELETE. 

6.2.4.8. DELETE. 

6.3. AFFOR Deployed Unit Safety Functions and Organizations. 

6.3.1. Scope. Most units are composed of an Air Expeditionary Wing (AEW) or Air 

Expeditionary Group (AEG), associated flying squadrons, maintenance units and mission 

support units. Where there is no parent AEW or AEG, squadrons/detachments will assume 

duties listed below, where applicable. 

6.3.2. Air Expeditionary Wing/Group/Squadron Commander Responsibilities:

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 57 

6.3.2.1. Coordinate/liaise with AFFOR/SE on requested manpower changes. 

6.3.2.1.1. DELETE. 

6.3.2.1.2. DELETE. 

6.3.2.1.3. DELETE. 

6.3.2.1.4. DELETE. 

6.3.2.1.5. DELETE. 

6.3.2.2. Provide guidance to the assigned safety staff on performing safety duties. 

6.3.2.3. Expeditionary Squadron Commanders will appoint a USR for ground safety. 

Designate, by signed memo, USRs to the AEW/AEG safety office prior to departure of 

the current USR or within two weeks of arrival of new appointee. Newly appointed USRs 

must coordinate with the AEW/AEG Safety Office for training so that training may be 

accomplished within seven days of appointment notification. 

6.3.2.4. Expeditionary flying Squadron Commanders will designate, by signed memo, an 

Additional Duty Flight Safety Officer (ADFSO) to the AEW/AEG safety office prior to 

departure of the current ADFSO or within two weeks of individual’s arrival. Newly 

appointed ADFSOs must coordinate with the AEW/AEG Safety Office for training so 

that training may be accomplished within seven days of appointment notification. 

6.3.2.5. At operating locations where the unit stores, handles or transports explosives, the 

expeditionary unit commanders will designate by signed memo, an Additional Duty 

Weapons Safety Manager (ADWSM) to the AEW/AEG safety office prior to departure of 

the current ADWSM or within two weeks of arrival. Newly appointed ADFSOs must 

coordinate with the AEW/AEG Safety Office for training so that training may be 

accomplished within seven days of appointment notification. 

6.3.3. Operating Location and Deployed Safety Office Responsibilities. 

6.3.3.1. U.S. homeland based Operating Locations (OL) and detachments supporting 

AFFOR AOR missions continue to employ safety program elements IAW their 

respective MAJCOM directives. U.S. homeland based AFFOR assigned/gained unit 

safety offices shall incorporate AFFOR/SE coordination into their programs as 

determined applicable by AFFOR/SE. 

6.3.3.2. Establish a semi-annual safety council to review recent safety events, items on 

the hazard abatement plan, hazard reports, SAV results, mishap experience and weapons 

and flight related issues of concern. This will be accomplished through the ESOH 

Council unless one is not conducted at a specific location. 

6.3.3.3. Attempt to meet at least bi-monthly with host nation air force or local airfield 

authority counterparts concerning safety issues. Document meetings, or attempts, in 

writing and include agenda, attendees, discussion summary, agreements, 

recommendations, action items and proposed date of next meeting. 

6.3.3.4. Maintain a Mishap Response Plan (separately or as part of the Comprehensive 

Emergency Management Program) reflecting working relationships with local and host 

agencies.

58 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

6.3.3.5. Track all identified hazards. RAC 1 – 3 items will be tracked in the Master 

Hazard Abatement Plan, while RAC 4 and 5 items will be tracked in a local tracking 

system. Forward all hazard abatement issues that require HHQ funding or involvement to 

AFFOR/SE for dissemination outside the AOR. In addition to established MAJCOM 

hazard abatement processes, U.S. based organizations supporting an AFFOR/AOR 

forward hazard abatement issues affecting AOR mission accomplishment to AFFOR/SE 

for additional coordination within the Combatant Command. 

6.3.3.6. Establish procedures to review procurement requests prior to purchase via the 

Government Purchase Card and AF Form 9, Request for Purchase, IAW AFPAM 91- 

210, Contract Safety, to assist purchase agents with procurement of items and equipment 

that meet or exceed safety requirements in as much as possible depending on the location. 

6.3.3.7. Safety Activity Reports. Safety offices will supply a report addressing safety 

activities and noteworthy events to the AFFOR/SE. The frequency and format of these 

reports will be determined by the COMAFFOR and/or the AFFOR/SE. 

6.3.3.8. Continuity Books. Each safety office will maintain complete and thorough 

continuity books covering all duties required by the safety staff. The continuity books 

will contain as a minimum: End of Tour reports, Rotational Safety Councils, Confined 

Space team meetings, Flight Safety meetings, Airfield Operations Board meetings and 

USR meetings. 

6.3.3.9. End of Tour Reports. All individuals deployed into safety positions will submit 

end of tour comments to the deployed COS. All deployed COSs will consolidate inputs 

from each safety discipline and will submit a written report to AFFOR/SE before the 

completion of their deployment and maintain a copy in their continuity book. This report 

should focus on lessons learned, positive and negative. Activities, actions and duties 

performed while deployed may be included but the primary focus of the report is to 

improve the Deployed Safety Program. These reports will be forwarded or made 

available to other organizations (e.g. AFSC, MAJCOMs, NAFs and wings), as 

appropriate. 

6.3.3.10. Weapons Safety. 

6.3.3.10.1. Explosives Site Planning. Site Planning will be accomplished IAW 

AFMAN 91-201. AFFOR/SEW is the MAJCOM-level coordination authority for 

deployed AOR base explosives site planning involving Air Force munitions assets. 

AFFOR/SEW will coordinate/liaise on similar issues in other AORs in order to keep 

COMAFFOR appraised of issues which may affect AFFOR combat capability. 

6.3.3.10.2. Deployed Weapons Safety Managers (WSM) are responsible for initiating 

action for the explosives site planning of potential explosives sites at their base. 

Deployed WSMs will direct any problems involving explosives site planning to 

AFFOR/SEW. AFFOR/SEW will review all AOR explosives site plans and provide 

guidance/technical assistance to theater operating location WSMs. Final approval 

must go through appropriate agencies as identified in AFMAN 91-201. 

6.3.3.10.3. Units that handle less than 1,000 rounds of small arms ammunition, and 

are not licensed, are not required to assign a SEW USR. Supervisors are responsible 

to monitor activities of these units.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 59 

6.3.3.10.4. Radiation Hazard Zones. Ensure Radiation Hazard Zones are established 

with the focus on personnel (AFOSH Standard 48-9, Radio Frequency Radiation 

(RFR) Safety Program, and AFOSH Standard 48-139, Laser Radiation Protection 

Program), electro-explosive devices (EED) and petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL). 

Ensure interoperability with other systems deployed to the same location. 

6.3.3.11. Ground Safety Managers (GSMs) are responsible for: 

6.3.3.11.1. Providing safety briefings for the PERSCO office’s RIGHT START and 

RIGHT FINISH programs. The RIGHT START safety briefing should address safety 

conditions/issues specific to that particular base/environment. 

6.3.3.11.2. Providing training to newly appointed USRs within seven days of 

appointment notification. 

6.3.3.11.3. Inspecting all assigned units and facilities annually. A report will be 

provided to the unit commander and all identified discrepancies will be tracked until 

closed. 

6.3.3.11.4. Reviewing project designs and plans for projects and construction. 

Coordinate with SEW on projects. 

6.3.3.12. Space Safety. For operationally deployed space assets, system-related safety 

issues will directed through Wing Safety (or equivalent), NAF/Center Safety, MAJCOM 

Safety and HQ AFSC/SES. Wing or equivalent-level safety offices responsible for 

deployed assets are responsible for the following: 

6.3.3.12.1. Directed Energy Systems. Ensure all directed energy systems are directed 

away from aircraft traffic patterns and personnel. Ensure coordination with local air 

traffic control to avoid development of flight patterns that may impinge upon DE 

clear zones. Directed energy systems aimed above the horizon must interface with the 

Laser Clearinghouse (per DoDI O-3100.11, Illumination of Objects in Space by 

Lasers). 

6.3.3.12.2. Frequency Management. Deploying units contact MAJCOM and AFFOR 

frequency managers prior to their arrival at the operating location to de-conflict 

potential interference issues. Upon arrival, contact the local frequency manager to 

follow up on any changes which may have occurred while en route. Ensure 

compliance with the published Joint Restricted Frequency List (JRFL). 

6.3.3.13. DELETE. 

6.3.3.14. DELETE. 

6.3.3.15. DELETE. 

6.3.3.16. DELETE. 

6.3.3.17. DELETE. 


6.3.4.1. DELETE. 

6.3.4.2. DELETE.

60 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

6.3.4.3. DELETE. 


6.3.5.1. DELETE. 

6.3.5.2. DELETE. 

6.3.5.3. DELETE. 

6.3.5.4. DELETE. 

6.3.5.5. DELETE. 

6.3.5.6. DELETE. 

6.3.5.7. DELETE. 

6.3.5.8. DELETE. 

6.3.5.9. DELETE. 

6.3.5.10. DELETE. 


6.3.6.1. DELETE. 

6.3.6.2. DELETE. 


6.4. Mishap Prevention Program. AFFOR deployed safety offices should establish and 

maintain all required mishap prevention programs as addressed in this instruction and 

applicable AOR procedures. AFFOR/SE will provide guidance and assistance as necessary. 

6.4.1. Mishap Investigation. In general, COMAFFOR is not the convening authority for 

mishaps in the AOR. Convening authority falls to the home station MAJCOM IAW AFI 91- 

204. The convening authority may contact the COMAFFOR and/or AFFOR/SE to request 

local deployed safety office SIB support beyond ISB responsibilities, provided the deployed 

commander and AFFOR/SE supports the request. Mishap Investigations should be 

accomplished IAW AFI 91-204 with the following caveats: 

6.4.1.1. Aviation. The COMAFFOR is the convening authority for all Class E BASH, 

HATR, Controlled Movement Area Violations (CMAV) and some High Accident 

Potential (HAP) (when cause is dependent on the deployed environment and not the 

object) incidents. When objects are owned by the AFFOR (some small remotely piloted 

aircraft, etc.), COMAFFOR will maintain convening authority. These caveats are not 

applicable to U.S. based AFFOR assigned/gained units supporting AFFOR AOR mission 

requirements: 

6.4.1.2. Ground. The COMAFFOR is the convening authority for mishaps related to War 

Readiness Materiel assets or injury/death of an AOR PCS member. 

6.4.1.3. Explosives. The COMAFFOR is the convening authority for all munitions 

mishaps that don’t involve improper weapons activation (not actuated from 

weapon/aircraft). For incidents involving accidental or improper weapons activation

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 61 

(misfire, jamming, etc.), the home station MAJCOM of the person/aircraft is convening 

authority. 

6.4.2. Mishap Notification Procedures. AFFOR/SE will be notified immediately of any Class 

A or Class B mishaps and included as an addressee on all safety reports, e-mails and 

messages concerning mishaps, incidents or events that involve USAF assets in or supporting 

contingency operations in the AOR. In the event of a Class A or Class B aviation, ground or 

weapons mishap, AFFOR/SE will be the primary coordinator with MAJCOM convening 

authorities and/or the Air Force Safety Center. 

6.4.2.1. DELETE. 

6.4.2.2. DELETE. 

6.4.2.3. DELETE. 

6.4.2.4. DELETE. 

6.4.2.5. DELETE. 

6.4.2.6. DELETE. 

6.4.2.7. DELETE. 


6.4.3.1. DELETE. 

6.4.3.2. DELETE. 

6.4.3.3. DELETE. 

6.5. Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Safety Awards. Deployed individuals and units are 

eligible for MAJCOM and AF-level safety awards. 

6.6. AFFOR/SE Visits. AFFOR/SE will conduct semi-annual visits to AOR Operating 

Locations and deployed units. Additionally, AFFOR safety will conduct interim visits as 

requested by AEWG commanders. Due to the cyclical nature of deployed personnel, these visits 

are an important tool to reinforce safety presence with the subordinate units. 

6.6.1. A Risk Assessment Visit (RAV) consists of a base-wide evaluation of hazards and the 

associated risks Airmen are exposed to on a daily basis. The team will be augmented with 

appropriate members from other directorates to examine all areas and facets of the Operating 

Locations/AEW/AEG base and mission. In order to reduce duplication and team footprint, 

coordination with other directorates prior to the visit will determine the personnel required. 

Reports from visits conducted by other directorates within the previous six months will be 

used to identify hazards at the base. Only RAC 1 and 2 hazards will be included in the report 

(all hazards will be entered into the AEW/AEG hazard abatement log). Where the Operation 

Location is located at a U.S. homeland base, AFFOR/SE will coordinate the RAV with the 

host/home unit installation safety office, as appropriate. 

6.6.1.1. DELETE. 

6.6.1.2. DELETE. 

6.6.2. A Program Evaluation (PE) consists of a thorough evaluation of the Operating 

Location/AEW/AEG safety programs and is conducted by AFFOR/SE where not already

62 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

accomplished by the respective MAJCOM/NAF safety office. The evaluation will be 

conducted primarily using the AFFOR/SE-safety self-inspection checklists. The PE may be 

combined with the RAV. 

6.6.3. SAVs will focus on areas requested by the AEW/AEG safety office or as determined 

by AFFOR/SE, based on previous PE reports and other correspondence. 


6.7. AFFOR Hazard Review Board (HRB). 

6.7.1. The semi-annual HRB serves as a means for all AOR unit commanders to ensure unity 

of effort and provides COMAFFOR a formal forum to establish and receive feedback on 

action items. AOR commanders will identify physical or procedural hazards at their locations 

that require AFFOR staff assistance for abatement. The AOR commanders will ensure their 

safety staff assign RACs (if appropriate), prioritize and provide recommendations for 

abatement. 

6.7.2. The HRB is chaired by the AFFOR/CC, CV or CD, with senior representation from 

each AFFOR directorate, as well as Wing and/or Group Commander senior representation 

from each applicable AOR location. 

6.7.3. AFFOR/SE is responsible for all preparations to host the HRB and completion of the 

minutes following the meeting. AFFOR/SE is responsible for monitoring all action items 

assigned during the HRB. 


6.8. Theater Safety Engagement Program. The AFFOR Theater Safety Engagement Program 

is a COMAFFOR directed initiative. It is a long-term plan to familiarize and integrate allied 

theater Air Forces with USAF mishap prevention programs and processes. The safety program 

consists of three parts: visits, conferences and a safety website. 

6.8.1. Visits. AFFOR/SE provides introductory briefings, regular interoperability visits and 

initiates cross-flow of safety related information between the cooperating nations, while also 

coordinating with USAF HHQ agencies for additional training, support and expertise. 

6.8.2. Conferences. AFFOR/SE will host or co-host Coalition Safety Councils for interested 

safety professionals in the AOR. The goal is to facilitate regional safety dialogue, provide a 

forum to share best practices and provide the basis for mutual assistance and common 

understanding of mishap prevention efforts and investigation methods/resources. 

6.8.3. DELETE.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 63 

Chapter 7 

AVIATION SAFETY 

7.1. Program Management. Each unit conducting or supporting flight operations must have an 

aviation safety program. The COS or senior installation safety representative will ensure an 

active safety presence at the installation through the plans, programs and training responsibilities 

outlined below. 

7.1.1. The host safety office is responsible for the base aviation safety program. 

7.1.2. Tenant units coordinate their flight safety programs with the host to avoid duplication. 

If the host does not have a FSO authorization, the largest tenant with an authorization 

manages the base flight safety program. If neither the host nor the tenant has a FSO 

authorization, flight safety responsibilities revert to the host COS. 

7.2. Plans. The FSO/FSM/ FSNCO will help develop and review appropriate emergency 

response plans and coordinate on any other installation plans involving flight safety or aircraft 

emergencies. These plans should include but are not limited to: 

7.2.1. Aircraft Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). The COS is 

responsible for ensuring that units develop an aviation specific portion of the CEMP. The 

COS ensures the plan defines roles, responsibilities and notification requirements for 

leadership and all involved agencies. The CEMP should include elements of or a reference to 

existing plans concerning the disaster response required by AFI 10-2501, Air Force 

Emergency Management (EM) Program Planning and Operations. 

7.2.2. Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Plan. The host flight safety office will 

establish the BASH plan, to include, defining the nature and extent of wildlife hazards and 

implementation of the plan. Plan implementation may require environmental controls and 

changes to bird/wildlife dispersal/removal techniques and operational procedures. 

Cooperative agreements for managing fish and wildlife resources require coordination with 

state and Federal conservation agencies prior to implementation. IAW AFI 32-7064, 

paragraph 14.1, the Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan must support the 

installation’s BASH plan. The BASH plan must identify local procedures and permits for the 

proper collection, handling and disposal of wildlife carcasses and biological material 

discovered on the airfield and aircraft. 

7.3. Programs. The COS will ensure the following programs are established, maintained and 

reviewed at least annually. 

7.3.1. BASH Program. Responsibilities for establishing and administering the Air Force 

BASH Program: 

7.3.1.1. HQ AFSC/SEFW will: 

7.3.1.1.1. Analyze wildlife strike data to provide baseline information to Air Force 

agencies. 

7.3.1.1.2. Approve the exchange and distribution of Air Force wildlife strike data to 

US Government and foreign agencies.

64 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

7.3.1.1.3. Monitor MAJCOM BASH reduction programs. 

7.3.1.1.4. Instruct FSOs/FSMs/FSNCOs in BASH reduction and provide basic 

BASH training at AETC-sponsored training programs (i.e., FSNCO Safety Course, 

Airfield Management Course, etc.). 

7.3.1.1.5. Propose BASH reduction policies and guidelines to AFSC/SE. 

7.3.1.1.6. Review proposed conservation projects and Federal legislation affecting 

the Air Force’s BASH reduction program and coordinate the Air Force response with 

AFSC/SE and other agencies. 

7.3.1.1.7. Identify and develop programs to aid in evaluating potential bird strike 

hazards in low-level airspace. 

7.3.1.1.8. At installation request, coordinated through the respective MAJCOM, 

provide technical assistance to reduce wildlife hazards at bases with flying operations. 

7.3.1.1.9. At installation request, coordinated through the respective MAJCOM, 

provide technical assistance in evaluating installation BASH plans. 

7.3.1.1.10. Coordinate Air Force BASH program with other Federal agencies. 

7.3.1.1.11. Identify Air Force BASH research requirements, developing and 

managing research projects. 

7.3.1.1.12. Establish and maintain liaison with international, Federal, state and 

private organizations regarding wildlife hazard reduction. 

7.3.1.1.13. Administer Air Force’s wildlife hazard advisory systems and bird 

feather/wildlife strike remains identification program. 

7.3.1.1.14. Provide technical assistance to Safety Investigation Board president when 

a wildlife hazard may be a factor in a mishap. 

7.3.1.1.15. Chair the Air Force BASH Steering Group meetings, as needed. 

7.3.1.2. Air Education Training Command (AETC) will: 

7.3.1.2.1. Incorporate wildlife aircraft strike hazard reduction training into AETCsponsored 

formal training courses used to educate base pest management specialists, 

safety technicians and airfield managers in wildlife aircraft strike hazard reduction. 

7.3.1.2.2. Incorporate safety awareness of wildlife aircraft strike hazards into safety 

briefings provided at joint undergraduate navigator training, joint specialized 

undergraduate pilot training (JSUPT), and pilot instructor training (PIT) programs. 

7.3.1.3. MAJCOMs will: 

7.3.1.3.1. Ensure each installation conducting or supporting flight operations has an 

annually reviewed written BASH plan. Ensure all tenant units are included in the base 

BASH plan. 

7.3.1.3.2. Conduct on-site reviews of installation BASH programs, to include 

potential hazards and mitigation techniques, at least every 36 months. Coordinate as 

needed with HQ AFSC/SEFW. Tenant unit BASH programs will be reviewed by

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 65 

owning MAJCOMS and may be scheduled during reoccurring inspections or staff 

assistance visits. 

7.3.1.3.3. Consider potential wildlife strike hazards when developing or revising 

operational procedures, training routes, ranges, instrument approach and departure 

procedures, establishing Memorandums of Agreement (MOA) or low altitude tactical 

navigation areas. 

7.3.1.4. Wing, Base and Installation Safety Offices are responsible for the following: 

7.3.1.4.1. Base Level BASH Program. Host Air Force, AFRC or ANG installations 

with flying operations will establish a BASH program. The BASH program will 

include all tenant-flying units. The BASH program requires complete documentation 

of local wildlife hazards, effects on missions and possible solutions to include hazards 

surrounding ranges used by local flying units. Tenant units located on an airfield that 

is not hosted by the Air Force, AFRC or ANG will establish a BASH program with 

host authority (civilian airport, Naval Air Station, Federal airfield, etc.). The BASH 

program will document coordination with the host authority on reducing wildlife 

hazards. 

7.3.1.4.2. Review the BASH plan annually for accuracy and compliance with current 

directives, revising as necessary. Ensure all tenant units are included in the base 

BASH plan. 

7.3.1.4.3. BASH programs at overseas locations depend on host nation support and 

regulations. MAJCOMs will evaluate those plans to ensure the spirit of this 

instruction is complied with to the maximum extent possible. 

7.3.1.4.4. Each installation with flying operations must develop a contingency plan 

that lists responsibilities and procedures for wildlife control. Due to the complexities 

of hazard abatement and potential for loss of aircraft and crew, it is strongly 

recommended that a dedicated wildlife hazard management specialist be retained on 

staff. 

7.3.1.4.5. Establish a Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG) consisting of 

organizations involved in airfield wildlife control, habitat management, operations 

and safety. The BHWG must meet at least semi-annually with minutes maintained. 

The vice installation commander or equivalent will chair the meeting. The BHWG 

will coordinate base improvement projects, e.g., base beautification, wastewater 

treatment, golf courses, etc., for BASH-related issues. 

7.3.1.4.6. Develop a Bird Hazard Warning System to inform aircrews of possible 

flight hazards due to wildlife activity in local areas. Bird Watch Condition (BWC) 

codes will be used to communicate local wildlife activity along with location, number 

and type of wildlife. Installation BASH plans will specify aircrew notification 

procedures for BWC changes. The most expeditious means of communicating the 

status change should be used (e.g. ATC or SOF radio transmissions combined with 

ATIS updates or other broadcast medium). BWC codes are defined as: 

7.3.1.4.6.1. SEVERE. Wildlife activity on or immediately above the active 

runway or other specific location representing high potential for strikes.

66 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Supervision and aircrews must thoroughly evaluate mission need before 

conducting operations in areas under condition SEVERE. 

7.3.1.4.6.2. MODERATE. Wildlife activity near the active runway or other 

specific location representing increased potential for strikes. BWC MODERATE 

requires increased vigilance by all agencies and supervisors and caution by 

aircrews. 

7.3.1.4.6.3. LOW. Wildlife activity on and around the airfield representing low 

potential for strikes. 

NOTE: BWC codes are based on observations of local airfield wildlife activity and are 

independent of BAM or Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) risk hazard levels. 

NOTE: BWC SEVERE or MODERATE requires action from the installation’s wildlife 

dispersal team to reduce the BWC to LOW as soon as possible. 

7.3.1.4.7. Designate Phase I and Phase II periods of wildlife activity based on 

historical wildlife activity information. Phase II represents times of significant 

increases in local wildlife activity, normally associated with migratory movements, 

seasonal increases of local wildlife populations, or local land use practices (farming, 

ranching, or hunting). Establish flight and scheduling procedures to minimize risks 

based on local hazards associated with Phase I and II. Publish Phase I and II 

designations in the appropriate DoD Flight Information Publications. Critical updates 

may be made using Notice to Airman System. 

7.3.1.4.8. Regardless of Phase designation, the highest levels of daily wildlife 

activity normally occur +/- one hour of sunrise/sunset as birds move to and from their 

roosts. Flight operations should be avoided during these periods unless mission 

essential. A risk analysis shall be completed to determine the potential risk to 

operations during these periods. Appropriate measures should be taken to mitigate the 

risk if required. Maintain a zero tolerance toward large free-roaming animals on or 

adjacent to the aircraft movement area (free-roaming animals are, but not limited to, 

deer, canines, geese, etc). 

7.3.1.4.9. Grass Height. Mow aircraft movement area (AMA) to maintain a grass 

height between 7 and 14 inches. The AMA, as defined in UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and 

Heliport Planning and Design, is that area of the airfield encompassed by the Primary 

Surface and the Clear Zones, as well as apron areas and taxiways, regardless of their 

location. As a minimum, turf shall be maintained 500 feet outside the AMA boundary 

where able. Installations located in arid climates where growing grass is difficult may 

develop natural vegetation on the airfield to limit attractiveness to wildlife. These 

situations require comprehensive vegetation/wildlife hazard management and will be 

reviewed individually by HQ AFSC/SEFW for approval. Installation safety offices 

may request a grass height restriction waiver from HQ AFSC/SEFW after MAJCOM 

coordination. 

7.3.1.4.10. Technical Assistance. Technical assistance is available through the USAF 

BASH Team, HQ AFSC/SEFW, 9700 G Avenue, Suite 266, Kirtland AFB, NM 

87117-5670. DSN: 246-5674/5679/5673/1440 or Commercial: (505) 846-xxxx, and 

electronically by accessing the Safety Center web page. Obtain additional information

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 67 

on wildlife strike hazard reduction from AFPAM 91-212, Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike 

Hazard (BASH) Management Techniques, and on wildlife strike reporting from AFI 

91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports, and AFMAN 91-223, Aviation Safety 

Investigations and Reports. 

7.3.2. Hazardous Air Traffic Reporting (HATR) and High Accident Potential (HAP) 

programs. The FSO/FSM investigates HATRs and HAPs according to AFI 91-204 and 

ensures HATR and HAP reporting procedures and requirements are briefed at least annually 

to aircrew and ATC personnel (see Attachment 3 of this AFI and AFMAN 91-223 for 

reporting requirements). 

7.3.3. Midair Collision Avoidance (MACA) Program. Units with flying programs must 

establish a written MACA program. The unit safety office is responsible for its creation, 

documentation and upkeep. The FSO/FSM works closely with the MAJCOM-determined 

OPR and other interested parties such as the Airfield Operations Flight Commander 

(AOF/CC), the airspace manager, local Fixed Base Operators (FBOs), Aircraft Owners and 

Pilots Association (AOPA), and the local Flight Standards District Officer (FSDO), to 

establish a comprehensive MACA program. Use the resources and services of the FAA 

FSDO accident prevention specialists. Tailor the MACA program to meet local needs. As a 

minimum, the FSO/FSM will coordinate with appropriate agencies to accomplish these key 

objectives: 

7.3.3.1. Ensure the free flow of MACA information between host and tenant 

organizations, effective communication between base and local airport managers and 

fixed base operators (FBOs), and actively support the HATR Program. 

7.3.3.2. Establish procedures to control VFR aircraft and minimize the air-traffic 

hazards. 

7.3.3.3. Deconflict MTRs as much as possible and acquaint the flying public with the 

location, configuration, speeds, and altitudes of the base MTR and military operating 

areas through military and FAA personnel. 

7.3.3.4. Ensure that arrival and departure routes (including stereo routes and profile 

descents) minimize conflicts with runway traffic, nearby airfields, and local flying areas. 

7.3.3.5. Evaluate the midair collision potential with civil airlines and work with 

operators of nearby airfields to reduce risk and minimize the hazards. 

7.3.3.6. Develop a MACA pamphlet. Overseas locations should consider publishing the 

pamphlet in the host country’s language along with English. Provide educational 

programs/publications to general aviation servicing facilities to increase the use of 

available radar services among civil aircraft. Develop appropriate maps and graphics 

showing the base radar services and routes. Distribute the maps to all civil airfield 

managers, fixed base operators, military base operations, airports and other flying 

operations that use the surrounding airspace. 

7.3.3.7. Units may combine MACA programs with other military organizations in a 50mile 

range of their base. This will require more coordination efforts but will result in a 

better product to be used by the area’s civilian population.

68 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

7.3.3.8. Units and MAJCOMs are encouraged to participate in the DoD-endorsed and 

funded www.SEEandAVOID.org (MACA website). 

7.3.4. Awards Program. Ensure proper recognition of personnel through the Air Force Safety 

Awards Program as outlined in AFI 36-2833, Safety Awards. 

7.3.5. Operational/Training Squadron Flight Safety Program. The squadron commander will 

maintain overall supervision of the flight safety program. The Squadron Assigned Flight 

Safety Officer (SAFSO) represents an extension of the wing flight safety program at the 

squadron level. In addition to managing the squadron flight safety program, these individuals 

are still responsible for carrying out all normal wing safety duties as requested by Wing COS. 

Units possessing aircraft with enlisted crew positions should also consider appointing an 

enlisted crewmember as additional duty flight safety NCO to assist in the flight safety 

program. 

7.3.5.1. The squadron commander will ensure that the following actions are 

accomplished by the SAFSOs: 

7.3.5.1.1. Upon appointment, contact the wing safety office for required training. 

7.3.5.1.2. Administer the unit safety program using this instruction as a guide and 

management tool. 

7.3.5.1.3. Disseminate flight safety information to unit crewmembers. 

7.3.5.1.4. Forward all flying safety matters of significance, which cannot be 

corrected at unit level through the unit commander to the COS. 

7.3.5.1.5. Assist in conducting wing safety inspections as requested and conduct unit 

self-inspections. 

7.3.5.1.6. Ensure a current file of applicable safety directives, to include this 

instruction, AFI 91-204, AFP 91-212 and AFI 36-2833 are maintained by the unit. 

7.3.5.1.7. Maintain Volume V of the squadron Flight Crew Information File (FCIF) 

IAW AFI 11-202, Volume 2, Aircrew Standardization/Evaluation Program. 

Procedures will be implemented to ensure all aircrews review Volume V. 

7.3.5.1.8. Maintain unit safety bulletin boards. 

7.4. Aero Club Operations. The host unit commander appoints an FSO as a safety advisor to 

the base Aero Club. If the host unit does not have an assigned FSO, the commander will obtain 

the assistance of a tenant unit FSO to provide safety assistance to the Aero Club. The host safety 

office may investigate Aero Club mishaps IAW AFI 91-204. However, the National 

Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) or host nation civil aviation authority has primary 

responsibility for investigating and reporting. Refer to AFI 34-217, Air Force Aero Club 

Program, for further guidance on Aero Club support. The wing safety advisor should attend the 

monthly aero club safety meetings. 

7.5. Training Meetings and Briefings. The COS will ensure the following: 

7.5.1. Each flying unit will conduct quarterly aircrew flying safety meetings. This 

requirement is fulfilled whether conducted as a unit or Wing. Topics covered should include

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 69 

unit mishaps, MDS-specific trend analysis, local flying hazards (e.g. airspace, aerodrome), 

seasonal concerns (weather), human factors, etc. 

7.5.2. Maintenance units receive timely briefings on maintenance-related mishaps and trends 

relevant to the unit’s mission/MDS. 

7.5.3. Airfield Operations personnel receive timely briefings on HATR and CMAV related 

mishaps, events and trends. 

7.5.4. Interim Safety Board Training. The FSO/FSM conducts annual training for unit 

personnel identified to serve as interim safety board members in conjunction with or for the 

safety office. This requirement is N/A for AFRC. ISB composition is identified in AFMAN 

91-223. 

7.5.5. Other Activities Related to Flight Safety. The FSO/ FSM/FSNCO or their designated 

representative, should attend Airfield Operations Board meetings, Foreign Object Damage 

Prevention Committee meetings and Standardization/Evaluation and Training review 

meetings. 

7.6. Inspections/Assessments and Monitoring. 

7.6.1. The COS will conduct annual assessment/inspections of all assigned (host) flying 

units’ flight safety programs for compliance with USAF and wing requirements. 

Assessments/inspections of tenant unit flying safety programs will only be accomplished as 

stated in Base Support agreements. 

7.6.2. The Tenant’s higher headquarters assesses the tenant’s internal program. 

7.6.3. USAF Hazard Reporting (HR). The FSO or FSM investigates reported flight-related 

hazards according to Chapter 4. 

7.6.4. Flight Safety personnel (to include SAFSO) will inspect, assess and monitor flightrelated 

workplaces, operations and support IAW Chapter 3 criteria. Potential spot 

inspection/monitoring areas include but are not limited to: 

7.6.4.1. Airfield. 

7.6.4.1.1. High-interest areas. 

7.6.4.1.2. Airfield Daily Inspections. 

7.6.4.1.3. Ramps and runways (including taxiways, overruns, stressed pavement 

areas and unstressed pavement areas immediately next to runways). 

7.6.4.1.4. Engine-run areas (including engine exhaust standoff distances and 

condition of pavement to prevent FOD.) 

7.6.4.1.5. Lighting systems (including runway lights, approach, taxiway, and ramp 

lights, and vehicle control lights). 

7.6.4.1.6. Barriers and arresting gear. 

7.6.4.1.7. Airfield obstructions (including obstacles on approach paths). 

7.6.4.1.8. Airfield markings (including runway markings, distance markings, taxi 

lines, etc.).

70 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

7.6.4.1.9. Airfield signs (include distance remaining, instrument hold, Visual Flight 

Rules (VFR) hold, taxiway guidance, etc.). 

7.6.4.1.10. Vehicle traffic control on or around the airfield and parking areas. 

7.6.4.1.11. Airfield vegetation and drainage. 

7.6.4.1.12. Wildlife hazards present on the airfield. 

7.6.4.2. Operations and Maintenance. 

7.6.4.2.1. Supervisor of flying program. 

7.6.4.2.2. Runway supervision program. 

7.6.4.2.3. Emergency-response equipment (including crash-rescue vehicles, 

ambulances, communications and crash-recovery equipment). 

7.6.4.2.4. Bird/Wildlife strike reporting. 

7.6.4.2.5. Aircraft marshaling, fueling and towing procedures. 

7.6.4.2.6. Foreign object damage-control program, control equipment and 

procedures. 

7.6.4.2.7. Aero Club operations. 

7.6.4.2.8. Aircraft generations, engine start and launch exercises. 

7.6.4.2.9. Post-flight maintenance debriefing procedures. 

7.6.4.2.10. Unit and transient maintenance operations. 

7.6.4.2.11. Product Quality Deficiency Reporting System. 

7.6.4.2.12. Flight safety information use in maintenance training flight. 

7.6.4.2.13. Maintenance engine-run training procedures. 

7.6.4.2.14. Engine-run areas (including engine exhaust standoff distances and 

condition of pavement to prevent FOD). 

7.6.4.2.15. Snow removal plans and operations, if applicable. 

7.6.4.2.16. Deicing training for aircrew and maintenance. Include flightline-deicing 

procedures. 

7.6.4.2.17. Low-level routes, weapons ranges and drop zones. 

7.6.4.2.18. Functional check flight procedures. 

7.6.4.2.19. Assigned and attached unit’s flight workplaces, briefings and meetings. 

7.6.4.2.20. Distribution of safety publications. 

7.6.4.2.21. Life-support workplaces and training programs. 

7.6.4.2.22. Egress training. 

7.7. Airfield Maintenance, Construction and Waivers. COS monitor routine airfield 

maintenance and major construction projects. (NOTE: Ensure any conversations with the 

contractors concerning safety related matters are not construed as contract changes). On major

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 71 

construction projects, the COS reviews the initial plan and follow-on plans for compliance with 

AFI 32-1023, Designing and Constructing Military Construction Projects, Unified Facilities 

Criteria (UFC) 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning and Design, and attends the 

preconstruction conference or briefing to consider if it will affect unit operations. 

7.7.1. COS will participate in annual Chief of Airfield Management review of airfield 

waivers per AFI 13-213, Airfield Management. 

7.7.2. When able, COS should participate in risk analysis of items needing waivers and work 

to eliminate those items. Consider these factors: 

7.7.2.1. The inspection of areas before use. 

7.7.2.2. The impact of maintenance and construction on daily flying schedule and 

emergency situations. 

7.7.2.3. The communications between the tower and contractor and the availability of the 

contracting agent. 

7.7.2.4. Controlling vehicular traffic on the airfield and designating haul routes for 

contractor trucks. 

7.7.2.5. Briefing pilots and transient aircrews with updated information. 

7.7.2.6. Establishing the minimum allowable distance between equipment and the 

runway. 

7.7.2.7. Marking obstructions, controlling foreign objects and assigning hearing 

protection. 

7.7.2.8. Explosives safety criteria. 

7.7.2.9. The potential impact of construction on wildlife hazards to airfield operations.

72 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Chapter 8 

GROUND SAFETY 

8.1. Program Management. This chapter contains the minimum requirements for safety 

offices at all command levels. Ground safety mishap prevention efforts include both on- and offduty 

activities. 

8.1.1. Each installation ground safety manager will implement and manage a base-wide 

ground safety program IAW applicable AFPD/AFI 90- and 91-series and other applicable 

regulatory guidance. 

8.1.2. Wing subordinate units and tenant organizations implement a program that supports 

the installation program. 

8.1.3. Host safety offices may not impose host command-unique requirements on tenant 

units unless specified in the support agreement. Tenant USAF units without full-time 

qualified safety authorizations receive the same safety services as installation subordinate 

units. Support Agreements will identify and delineate responsibilities. IAW DoDI 4000.19, 

Interservice and Intragovernmental Support, and AFI 25-201, Support Agreements 

Procedures, non-USAF tenant units may be provided safety services based on support 

agreements (host may require reimbursement for services provided). 

8.2. Oversight Requirements. Ground safety personnel will conduct inspections of all 

assigned units. (See Chapter 3) 

8.3. Host Ground Safety Staff Responsibilities. Train managers, supervisors and employees 

to identify, evaluate and control workplace hazards. Ensure mishaps are investigated and 

reported IAW AFI 91-204 and AFMAN 91-224. 

8.3.1. Manage the US Air Force installation ground safety program, including operational, 

occupational, off-duty and traffic safety. 

8.3.1.1. Assist supervisors in developing and maintaining JSAs, and setting up programs 

to ensure organizational compliance with OSHA, DoD and Air Force safety 

requirements. NOTE: Overseas installations may need to consider application of host 

nation standards as well. 

8.3.1.2. Work cooperatively with other installation functions to include (but not limited 

to) Security Forces, Personnel, Civil Engineering, Contracting, Transportation, Services, 

Bioenvironmental Engineering, Environmental, Public Health and AOP/AOPT personnel 

to provide an effective ground safety program. 

8.3.1.3. Monitor on-base and Air Force-sponsored off-base sports facilities and activities. 

8.3.2. Implement an effective traffic safety program IAW AFI 91-207, US Air Force Traffic 

Safety Program. 

8.3.3. Review and recommend for approval the use of new hazardous materials. Coordinate 

the update of the installation’s hazardous materials Authorized User List with Environmental 

Engineering.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 73 

8.3.4. Review Civil Engineering work requests, project design and specification for safety 

criteria. Review all purchase requirement documents to ensure safety requirements are 

included. 

8.3.5. Provide technical safety consultation services to all base activities and promote on- 

and off-duty safety awareness. 

8.3.6. Budget for training and safety promotional campaigns; budget, acquire and distribute 

safety education materials. 

8.3.7. Assess organization’s process for reviewing local purchase requests for safety 

requirements and provide technical consultation when requested. 

8.3.8. Assist tenant units without full-time safety personnel with ground mishap reporting 

procedures. 

8.3.9. Coordinate mishap investigation information with the Injury Compensation Program 

Administration (ICPA) and provide a representative to actively participate in the FECA 

Working Group. 

8.3.10. Maintain records of reportable mishaps IAW AFI 91-204 and monitor/track nonreportable 

mishaps for trend purposes. 

8.3.11. Maintain a master file of approved safety, fire protection, and health standards 

variances. Evaluate and process new AFOSH standard variances IAW paragraph 8.7.4 

8.3.12. Function as primary point of contact for all federal and state OSHA visits to the 

installation. 

8.3.13. Assist in the development and review of emergency response plans and procedures 

for handling problems involving ground and aircraft emergencies. Emergencies, such as toxic 

spills, ventilation malfunctions, cleanup operations, emergency egress or damage control 

activities are involved. These areas of review include: 

8.3.13.1. Disaster response required by AFI 10-2501. 

8.3.13.2. HAZMAT response required by AFI 10-2501. 

8.3.13.3. Response to severe weather warnings. 

8.3.13.4. Crash recovery plans. 

8.3.13.5. Notifying and convening Interim Safety Boards (ISBs). 

8.3.14. Provide fully qualified ground safety personnel in support of AEF deployment 

taskings. 

8.3.14.1. To ensure personnel are familiar with ground safety program responsibilities, 

the GSM or their supervisor will conduct a review of all appropriate skill level core tasks 

with individuals prior to their deployment. 

8.3.14.2. Individuals that do not meet required core tasks for appropriate skill level 

requirements will be required to receive appropriate training from their supervisor and/or 

GSM prior to deployment.

74 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

8.3.15. Conduct newcomers’ safety orientation (Local Conditions Course II). Additionally, 

ensure local hazards information is developed and available for personnel on extended 

(greater than 30 days) TDY to the base. 

8.3.16. Add MAJCOM and installation unique requirements to Air Force SST and conduct 

supervisor safety training. Group or Wing level tenants with an assigned safety staff will 

conduct their own SST to ensure their assigned personnel are trained in their MAJCOM 

program specifics unless otherwise specified in support agreements. 

8.3.17. Unless otherwise specified in support agreements, will assist COS in new 

commander safety orientations in units without full-time safety staff. 

8.3.18. Administer the ground safety awards program. 

8.4. Tenant Unit and GSU Responsibilities. The tenant’s higher headquarters will assess the 

tenant’s internal program. 

8.4.1. Tenant and GSUs without full-time safety personnel will appoint a ground USR IAW 

paragraph 2.2 and comply with the responsibilities outlined in paragraphs 2.2 and 8.5 

8.4.2. Tenant units with full-time qualified safety personnel carry out all program elements 

not performed by the host and conduct their assessments, inspections and mishap 

investigations IAW support agreement. 

8.5. Ground Unit Safety Representative (USR) Responsibilities. The commander is 

responsible for the unit safety program as referenced in paragraph 1.5.20 The Ground USR 

assists the unit commander by being knowledgeable of safety requirements, by assisting unit 

personnel and by keeping the commander informed on how effective safety and health 

requirements are carried out throughout the unit. Commanders should select motivated 

individuals as their Ground USR. Ground USRs, in addition to the responsibilities listed in 

paragraph 2.2, will: 

8.5.1. Advise the commander on safety related matters at least on a quarterly basis or more 

frequently as necessary and document key elements briefed. 

8.5.2. Assist supervisors and unit personnel in the hazard abatement process. 

8.5.3. Assist installation safety, unit commander and supervisors with mishap investigations. 

Ensure mishap notification procedures are established in the unit. 

8.5.4. Assist supervisors in developing Job Safety Training (JST) guides. 

8.5.5. Disseminate safety educational materials and verify unit safety briefings are being 

conducted. 

8.5.6. Verify that monthly spot inspections of work areas are being performed and 

documented IAW paragraph 3.5 of this instruction. 

8.5.7. Evaluate the unit motorcycle safety program to ensure compliance with AFI 91-207. 

8.5.8. Support the installation safety program and attend USR meetings as determined by 

MAJCOM/Host safety office. 

8.5.9. Post AFVA 91-307, Air Force Occupational Safety and Health Program, in a 

conspicuous location readily accessible to all employees and applicants for employment.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 75 

8.6. Hazard Identification and Abatement. The host ground safety manager will: 

8.6.1. Evaluate and process safety related hazard reports and maintain a master hazard report 

log. 

8.6.2. Assign RACs to occupational safety hazards/deficiencies and coordinate with health 

and fire protection officials when required. 

8.6.3. Assist in establishing funding priorities by using the abatement priority number (APN) 

system for hazard abatement projects during the budgetary cycle. 

8.6.4. Maintain the installation master hazard abatement file, including AF Form 3, Hazard 

Abatement Plan, covering safety, fire and health hazards and deficiencies. 

8.6.5. Attachments 7 through 10 provide additional instructions for assigning RACs, 

determining abatement priority numbers and completing the AF Form 1118, Notice of 

Hazard, and AF Form 3. 

8.6.6. Fire Hazards versus Fire Deficiencies. There is a difference between fire hazards and 

fire deficiencies. A fire hazard is a condition that can cause a fire to occur. A fire deficiency 

is a condition which reduces fire safety below acceptable levels, including noncompliance 

with standards, but by itself cannot cause a fire to occur. 

8.6.7. Fire hazards are included in the master hazard abatement plan and fire deficiencies are 

excluded from the master hazard abatement plan. 

8.7. Air Force Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) Guidance. AFOSH guidance is 

the minimum guidance necessary to provide a safe and healthful work environment for all Air 

Force personnel and other DoD/government employees working on Air Force installations. 

AFOSH requirements shall provide equal or greater protection than federal requirements. The 

Air Force may develop supplementary or alternative guidance where inadequate or no guidance 

exists. NOTE: Conflicts between OSHA and AFOSH guidelines shall be referred to HQ AFSC 

through the appropriate MAJCOM for resolution. 

8.7.1. Occupational safety and health guidance sources include: 

8.7.1.1. Regulatory Federal Standards. The Air Force complies with the intent of DoL 

OSHA Standards, Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Department of Transportation 

Standards by referencing applicable standards or incorporates the requirements into 

AFOSH guidance, technical orders or directives. 

8.7.1.2. AFOSH Standards and Guidance. Air Force published guidance located at 

http://www.e-publishing.af.mil. 

8.7.1.3. T.O.s and manufacturers’ guidance (e.g., Material Safety Data Sheets [MSDS]) 

for specific processes, aircraft and equipment. 

8.7.1.4. Reference library maintained by the installation ground safety manager to 

include national consensus standards and other technical and safety guidance. 

8.7.2. Joint-Use Workplaces. Personnel from different DoD Components or other Federal 

Agencies working in the same workplace shall be governed by OSHA standards and any 

applicable alternate standards or host-agency standards, such as AFOSH Standards.

76 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

8.7.3. Military-Unique Situations. OSHA standards do not apply to military-unique 

workplaces, operations, equipment and systems. However, Air Force policy is that OSHA 

standards shall apply as much as possible, practicable and consistent with military 

requirements, unless HQ AFSC approves an exemption or variance. 

8.7.4. Variances and Exemptions. The affected work center shall process a request for 

variance when it is impractical or impossible to meet OSHA Standards or AFOSH guidance 

due to operational needs, mission impact or technical reasons. Variances are temporary and 

are normally granted for periods not to exceed five years. Exemptions grant permanent relief 

from a requirement and can be approved when the applicant can substantiate that their 

proposed methods, equipment or facilities protect the worker as well or better than the 

AFOSH or OSHA Standards. AFSC may grant exemptions or variances to AFOSH 

Standards and guidance that are more stringent than OSHA requirements. AFSC does not 

have the authority to grant a waiver or exemption to an OSHA Standard. Only OSHA can 

grant waivers or exemptions to Title 29 (OSHA) requirements (even if included in AFOSH 

Standards). However, for safety related issues, AFSC will serve as the liaison between 

OSHA and the Air Force requestor. NOTE: A unit’s inability to fund corrective actions does 

not constitute sufficient justification to request a variance. Request extensions for variances 

through MAJCOMs to HQ AFSC/SEG. 

8.7.4.1. Variance/Exemption Process. 

8.7.4.1.1. Affected work center personnel shall implement interim control measures 

and notify the installation ground safety, fire or health officials to validate the 

effectiveness of interim controls. With effective controls in place, the work center 

will coordinate the variance/exemption package with installation ground safety, fire 

and health officials. 

8.7.4.1.2. The installation safety office will assemble a detailed staff package that 

identifies the request, rational why the standard cannot be followed, interim control 

measures, drawing, maps, etc. (see paragraph 8.7.4.2), and forwards the request to 

MAJCOM headquarters through appropriate command safety, fire or health channels. 

8.7.4.1.3. The MAJCOM safety staff reviews and, if recommended for approval, 

forwards requests to AFSC/SEG (safety-related issues), AFCESA/CC (fire 

prevention-related issues) or AFMOA/SGO (health-related issues), as appropriate, for 

final approval. NOTE: Requests received without MAJCOM coordination will be 

returned to requestor without action. 

8.7.4.1.4. The MAJCOM/installation ground safety manager maintains a master file 

of approved variances or exemptions that apply to the installation/MAJCOM/AF as 

long as they are in effect and for one year thereafter. The safety manager distributes 

copies of variances and exemptions to fire protection, health and functional managers, 

as needed. 

8.7.4.1.5. Functional managers must train affected employees and employee 

representatives on approved variances, exemptions or any special procedures required 

and document training. Post copies in affected work areas until integrated into the 

JST guide. 

8.7.4.2. Written variance or exemption requests must contain:

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 77 

8.7.4.2.1. A description of the situation identifying the OSHA or AFOSH standard 

and specific reason(s) compliance is not possible or practical. 

8.7.4.2.2. The number of personnel exposed to the operation or condition on a 

regular basis and any major items of Air Force property involved. 

8.7.4.2.3. The description and risk assessment of permanent control measures 

planned, date they will be in place, plus any interim control measures used to protect 

personnel, equipment or property. 

8.7.5. Safety Changes to Technical Orders. Process recommended changes to TOs IAW TO 

00-5-1, Air Force Technical Order System. Send a copy of recommended changes to 

AFMC/SEG and HQ AFSC/SEG. 

8.7.6. Changes to Directives. Submit requests for changes to OSH guidelines in Air Force 

instructions through command channels to the directive OPR. Safety, Fire and Health 

reviews, as appropriate, shall be accomplished at each level of command between the 

requester and the directive OPR. Send a copy of recommended changes to HQ AFSC/SEG, 

AFCESA/CEXF, and/or AFMSA/SG3P, as applicable. 

8.8. Department of Labor (DoL) Inspection. DoL Inspections may be in response to a mishap 

or a complaint from an Air Force employee, may be part of OSHA’s annual evaluation of Air 

Force programs, or may be solely at the Secretary of Labor’s discretion. 

8.8.1. The DoL may conduct, as part of its evaluation program, annual targeted inspections 

or program assistance visits of Air Force installations based on the comparative incidence of 

worker compensation claims. The DoL will prescribe special procedures in the notification 

process. OSHA inspectors may question or privately interview any employee, supervisory 

employee, or official in charge of an operation or workplace. Federal or state OSHA officials 

must present identifying credentials and state the purpose of the visit to the installation 

commander or authorized representative before conducting an inspection of a workplace on 

an Air Force installation. Installation commanders must: 

8.8.1.1. Notify SE, Bioenvironmental Engineering, medical and fire prevention sections 

immediately to attend the OSHA in-brief. Appropriate staff agencies should accompany 

the OSHA inspector based on area to be inspected. 

8.8.1.2. Establish procedures to meet OSHA and escort them during their visit. 

8.8.1.3. Allow DoL OSHA representatives to conduct inspections. If entry into a 

restricted area is necessary, they must have an appropriate security clearance. Safety, fire 

protection or Bioenvironmental Engineering personnel will accompany DoL OSHA 

representatives while on Air Force installations. 

8.8.1.4. Have an initial in-brief with DoL OSHA representatives. 

8.8.1.5. Upon request, provide available safety, fire protection and health information on 

workplaces. Do not release reports marked ―For Official Use Only.‖ 

8.8.1.5.1. OSHA officials may review ―For Official Use Only‖ mishap reports. 

However, release of copies of the reports must be obtained by DoL from AF/SE (see 

AFI 91-204).

78 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

8.8.1.5.2. OSHA officials with appropriate need to know may review employees’ 

exposure records and specific parts of employees’ medical records pertaining to the 

OSHA complaint. The OSHA official must safeguard the individual’s medical 

information according to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 

(HIPAA) laws. 

8.8.1.6. Provide photographic or video support, if required. Videos or photographs taken 

on installations fall under the exclusive control of the installation commander. Air Force 

officials may review negatives, photographs and videos before release if they suspect 

possible disclosure of classified or proprietary information without the review. 

8.8.1.7. Arrange a closing conference with the OSHA official if requested and invite 

employee representatives to attend. 

8.8.2. Treat DoL OSHA notices of hazards in the same manner as an Air Force inspector 

report. Evaluate and assign a RAC code to each hazard identified by OSHA inspectors. 

8.8.3. Ensure that Air Force personnel verify DoL inspection results, including all testing. 

Air Force tests or sampling for future testing should be accomplished at the same time and at 

the same location as the DoL testing, if possible. 

8.8.4. Ensure that DoL personnel conducting the inspection receive response to DoL 

inspection reports from the local level. Provide copies, through command channels, of the 

inspection report, replies to DoL, and related correspondence to the addressees listed below. 

8.8.5. Installation safety offices shall notify the agencies listed below in paragraphs 8.8.5.1. 

– 8.8.5.8. within two days of any official DoL OSHA visit to an Air Force installation, to 

include AF-led Joint Bases. This requirement also applies when an installation receives a 

formal request from OSHA to self-investigate a fire, safety or health matter on OSHA’s 

behalf. Notification shall include unit(s) or specific area(s) being inspected. Upon completion 

of the OSHA visit, health and fire officials shall coordinate responses to DoL OSHA visits 

and citations with the safety staff. If cited, the safety staff will transmit a report on 

investigations or inspection visits within two workdays after receiving the DoL OSHA 

citation(s). This applies to Air Force workplaces or operations performed by a contractor in 

which Air Force workplaces, equipment or procedural deficiencies are identified in the 

citation. Transmit report by e-mail to: afsc.seg@kirtland.af.mil. 

8.8.5.1. safiee.workflow@pentagon.af.mil (SAF/IEE). 

8.8.5.2. afa47.workflow@pentagon.af.mil (AF/A4/7). 

8.8.5.3. afse.workflow@pentagon.af.mil (HQ USAF/SE). 

8.8.5.4. afsc.seg@kirtland.af.mil (HQ AFSC/SEG). 

8.8.5.5. afsg.workflow@pentagon.af.mil (AF/SG Workflow). 

8.8.5.6. afcesa.cexf@tyndall.af.mil (HQ AFCESA/CEXF). 

8.8.5.7. Applicable MAJCOM/FOA/DRU/SEG/SGP/SGPB/CE. 

8.8.5.8. Applicable Intermediate Command/SEG/SGP/CE. 

8.8.6. Include the following information:

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 79 

8.8.6.1. Date of investigation/inspection. 

8.8.6.2. Agency of inspector. 

8.8.6.3. Workplace visited. 

8.8.6.4. Reason for visit. 

8.8.6.5. Results of investigation or inspection and violation reference or any notices of 

unsafe and unhealthful working conditions with the RAC assigned. 

8.8.6.6. Problems encountered, if any. 

8.8.6.7. If significant hazards or deficiencies are identified or problems occur during a 

DoL OSHA inspection or investigation, call the MAJCOM. The MAJCOM will notify 

AFSC/SEG. 

8.8.6.8. POC Name and DSN. 

8.9. DoL Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Visit 

Summary. Establish procedures for obtaining and recording all OSHA visits to the installation 

or GSU sites where OSHA issues a notice of unsafe or unhealthy working condition. By 1 

December each year, submit a summary report of these visit results to AFSC/SEG (OSHA Visit 

Summary). The summary contents required are: 

8.9.1. Installation, unit, and command. 

8.9.2. Date of inspection. 

8.9.3. Area and organization inspected. 

8.9.4. Copy of citation. 

8.9.5. Violation reference. 

8.9.6. Assigned RAC of each violation. 

8.9.7. Corrective action response forwarded to OSHA. 

8.10. DoL Inspection of Contractor Operations. Authority 29 CFR 1960, reference 

Attachment 1. Within the 50 states and US territories, Air Force contractors operating from Air 

Force or privately-owned workplaces located on or off Air Force installations are subject to 

enforcement authority by federal and state safety and health officials. Check with base legal 

office/JA to determine which areas of the installation fall under federal jurisdiction. Authorized 

safety officials from states without OSHA-approved safety and health plans may, subject to the 

exceptions in this instruction, exercise jurisdiction over contractor operations. At overseas 

locations, local government agencies may conduct inspections of contractor workplaces or 

operations as stipulated in status of forces or country-to-country agreements. 

8.10.1. Federal OSHA officials may perform OSH inspections of Air Force contractor 

workplaces in areas where the US holds exclusive federal jurisdiction. 

8.10.2. The DoL does not have authority over working conditions for which another federal 

agency or certain state agencies exercises statutory authority to prescribe or enforce standards 

or regulations affecting safety and health. Thus, OSHA authority does not extend to working 

conditions specifically covered by:

80 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

8.10.2.1. Any nuclear safety or health standard or instruction implementing Title 42, 

U.S.C., 2012, 2021, 2121(b), and 2201(b). 

8.10.2.2. Any explosives safety standard or instruction implementing Title 10, U.S.C., 

172, Ammunition Storage Board. 

8.10.3. Regardless of whether or not a state has an OSHA-approved plan, state safety and IH 

officials have no authority in Air Force contractor workplaces located in areas where the US 

holds exclusive federal jurisdiction. 

8.11. Safety and Health Standards Enforcement. Safety and health standards are enforceable 

by federal or state officials as follows: 

8.11.1. Federal OSHA officials will enforce only federal OSHA standards in contractors’ 

workplaces. 

8.11.2. State OSHA officials, operating under a federally approved plan and subject to the 

terms of any variance, tolerance or exemption granted by DoL, may enforce state OSHA 

standards in workplaces. Check with the base legal office/JA to determine which areas of the 

installation fall under exclusive federal jurisdiction. 

8.11.3. Federal and state OSHA officials may access workplaces on Air Force installations 

immediately at reasonable times during regular working hours. Concerned officials may 

agree upon other times. 

8.11.4. When federal or state OSHA officials require entry to a classified or restricted area, 

the official must meet security requirements. 

8.11.5. DoD agencies are responsible for resolving issues related to citations or requests for 

delays, variations, tolerances or exemptions of applicable safety and health standards.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 81 

Chapter 9 

WEAPONS SAFETY 

9.1. Program Management. The Weapons Safety program comprises three disciplines: 

explosives safety, missile safety and nuclear surety. 

9.1.1. Units at and above squadron level with an explosives, missile or nuclear mission must 

have a weapons safety program. 

9.1.2. The host coordinates weapons safety for the entire installation. Tenant units 

implement mission unique mishap prevention programs where the host does not have a 

mission in that area. Tenant units must coordinate, through a Memorandum of Agreement or 

Memorandum of Understanding, any additional program functions with the host to avoid 

duplication and clearly delineate responsibility. 

9.2. Weapons Safety Personnel Management and Manning Plan. Weapons Safety personnel 

are normally from the 2WXXX or 2MXXX career fields. Civilian personnel with the appropriate 

series (WG or GS, 0017-series) experience in the safety career program may be used in all 

positions that do not have a military necessity. It is the responsibility of the COS to recruit, train 

and staff the Weapons Safety function. 

9.2.1. MAJCOM Chief of Weapons Safety must have munitions or missile experience. 

9.2.2. Individuals will be scheduled for formal Weapons Safety Management Course 

L3AZR2W071-0C2A within 90 days of assuming weapons safety position and complete the 

course within six months of being assigned. MAJCOMs must ensure all weapons safety 

personnel in their command are properly trained. MAJCOMs also ensure that bases or units 

develop standardized local lesson plans if intermediate or MAJCOM standardized plans are 

not provided. Additional nuclear surety training requirements are listed in AFI 91-101, Air 

Force Nuclear Weapons Surety Program. 

9.2.3. Upon completion of training course L3AZR2W071-0C2A, Weapons Safety 

Management Course, the Air Force Career Field Manager (AFCFM) will immediately award 

SEI 375 to the individuals. The COS will ensure personnel records are updated. Both actions 

will be completed IAW this instruction and AFI 36-2101, Classifying Military Personnel 

(Officer and Enlisted). 

9.2.4. The COS will initiate a two-year assignment deferment through the Military Personnel 

Flight for Weapons Safety personnel upon completion of the Weapons Safety training 

course. It is desirable that individuals not deploy in WSM positions prior to six months 

satisfactory experience in Weapons Safety tasks (Chiefs of Safety will make final 

deployment determinations based on proven duty performance). 

9.2.5. Based on mission needs, Weapons Safety personnel are highly encouraged to attend 

the following courses: Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation (MINA), AMMO-47 Lightning 

Protection for Air Force Facilities and the Assessment of System Hazard Surveys (ASHS). 

9.3. Explosives Safety Standards. Air Force explosives safety standards are in AFMAN 91- 

201, Explosives Safety Standards. Criteria for specific explosives are specified in technical 

publications and other standard publications, such as command and local directives.

82 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

9.4. Weapons Safety Personnel. Manage Weapons Safety program to ensure Air Force units 

understand and comply with all standards. (See Chapter 2) 

9.4.1. Review waivers, exemptions and deviations from established explosives safety criteria 

and ensure that compensatory measures are integrated into local written procedures 

according to paragraph 9.4.5 below. 

9.4.2. Advise commanders of the increased damage potential these exceptions allow. 

9.4.3. Assist units in performing a risk assessment for explosives operations according to 

applicable directives. 

9.4.4. Ensure that units identify and document compensatory measures to minimize mishaps, 

eliminate violations and reduce risk. 

9.4.5. Coordinate on all local written procedures affecting weapons operations and perform 

annual review. 

9.4.6. Remain aware of planning and activities on the installation that affect weapons safety. 

The WSM must conduct documented initial and annual reviews on munitions-related 

operating instructions, explosives test plans, deployment plans, OPLANs, OPORDs and local 

directives involving the storage, handling and inspection of nuclear weapons, missiles or 

explosives. Reviewed documentation must be maintained by safety office. 

9.4.7. Advise each new wing or group level commander responsible for an explosive safety 

program within 60 days of appointment on applicable waivers, exemptions, deviations and 

compensatory measures as well as the associated risk for each. Commanders below group 

level will be briefed by appointed ADWSRs, when appropriate. 

9.4.8. Participate in mishap prevention and risk management determination in the following 

areas: 

9.4.8.1. Maintenance, storage, alert, research and developmental test, and operating 

locations. 

9.4.8.2. Flightline explosives operations. 

9.4.8.3. Review flightline explosives operations, operational procedures for aircraft 

carrying hazardous materials. 

9.4.8.4. Disposal yards and demolition activities. 

9.4.8.5. Nuclear surety elements. (See AFI 91-101). 

9.4.8.6. Munitions maintenance handling equipment (MMHE) quality assurance 

programs. 

9.4.8.7. Weapon systems maintenance. 

9.4.8.8. Weapon systems modifications, special exercises and test programs. 

9.4.8.9. Planning for contingencies. 

9.4.8.10. Concurrent Servicing Operations. 

9.4.8.11. Licensed locations.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 83 

9.4.8.12. Installation support (Continental United States only) for Department of Energy 

(DOE) shipments (SAFE HAVEN and SAFE CONVOY). (See AFI 10-2501). 

9.4.8.13. Weapons safety training for unit personnel. 

9.4.8.14. Weapons test review process, if applicable. 

9.4.8.15. Explosives movement route. 

9.4.8.16. Hot Cargo Pads and Inspection Points for Explosives-Loaded Commercial 

Vehicles. 

9.4.9. Annually review installation explosives location map and provide changes and 

corrections to CES. Review must be documented and maintained by the safety office. CES 

published maps should be coordinated with logistics, operations and safety. The reviews can 

be documented on separate logs and should include but not be limited to the following 

applicable areas. 

9.4.9.1. Explosives safety ―clear zones‖ required around each location based on quantitydistance 

criteria. 

9.4.9.2. Primary and alternate explosives movement routes through the installation. 

9.4.9.3. Authorized flight line locations for conducting explosives operations to include 

concurrent servicing operations activities, explosives aircraft cargo on or off loading, and 

combat aircraft explosives loading. 

9.4.9.4. Locations for handling hung ordnance and gun-clearing operations. 

9.4.9.5. Arm and de-arm areas. 

9.4.9.6. Explosives support workplaces, such as flightline munitions holding areas. 

9.4.9.7. Base explosives prohibited zones (see AFMAN 91-201 and UFC 3-260-01). 

9.4.9.8. Vehicle inspection points and suspect vehicle areas. 

9.4.9.9. Parking spots for aircraft loaded with munitions or explosives identified in 

AFMAN 91-201. 

9.4.9.10. Potential electromagnetic radiation hazard zones that could affect munitions 

operations. After 100% evaluation, plot only those zones that actually impact munitions 

operations to include primary and alternate explosive routes. The review must be 

documented and maintained by Weapons Safety. The reviews can be documented on 

separate logs. 

9.4.10. With the assistance of Ground Safety, assign RACs to weapons safety hazards. 

9.5. Weapons Safety Program Requirements. Units that maintain explosives must: 

9.5.1. With the assistance of base civil engineering and safety, submit explosives site plans 

according to AFMAN 91-201. The installation safety office is the OPR for all explosives site 

plans. 

9.5.2. License facilities that store small quantities of explosives according to AFMAN 91- 

201.

84 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

9.5.3. Review and help develop plans and procedures for handling emergencies to include, 

but not limited to, SAFE HAVEN, SAFE CONVOY, HAZMAT response, AFI 10-2501 or 

UFC 3-260-01, and when required by law (e.g., Clean Air Act; Environmental Planning 

Community Right To Know Act; secure explosives holding areas IAW the Defense Travel 

Regulation, Part II, Chapter 25, etc.), or accidental release risk management programs for 

explosives. 

9.6. Missile Safety. Missile systems are ground-launched or air-launched and do not include 

unpiloted drones or remotely piloted vehicles. The aerospace vehicle, ground support and 

operational equipment, personnel, and the operational environment are all sources of mishaps. 

Typically, missile launch operations will be conducted from a Major Range Test Facility Base 

(MRTFB) range and will comply with DoDD 3200.11, Major Range and Test Facility Base 

(MRTFB), in addition to AFI 99-103, Capabilities-Based Test and Evaluation, and AFI 13-212, 

Range Planning and Operations, safety requirements as described in Chapters 1 and 2 of this 

instruction. 

9.7. Nuclear Surety. The goal of the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Surety Program is to 

incorporate maximum nuclear surety, consistent with operational requirements, from weapon 

system development through dismantlement. AFI 91-101 contains nuclear surety program 

requirements. 

9.8. Directed Energy Weapons (DEW). New weapons systems using the electromagnetic 

spectrum to produce high-energy lasers, high-power microwaves, particle beams and 

conventional-munition-driven electromagnetic pulse (EMP) systems are in various stages of 

development. 

9.8.1. Reasonable and prudent operational procedures shall be established so that hazards 

from DEW system operations present minimal risk to personnel, property, interoperability, 

the environment and end of life disposal issues IAW AFPD 91-4, Directed Energy Weapons 

(DEW) Safety, and AFI 91-401, Directed Energy Weapons Safety. 

9.8.2. Additionally, DEW systems will be safety certified prior to operational use IAW 

AFPD 91-4 and AFI 91-401. Since DEW systems are made up of multiple components and 

often integrated onto another platform, System Safety must be incorporated into the design 

and operation of DEW, refer to Chapter 11, System Safety, of this instruction. 

9.8.3. All directed energy systems that could be aimed above the horizon which could pose a 

potential threat to satellites or people in space will follow the procedures in DoDI 3100.11. 

9.9. Munitions Rapid Response Team. Hill AFB’s Munitions Rapid Response Team (MRRT) 

is manned with personnel knowledgeable in conventional munitions areas. This team is available 

to support MAJCOMs and units whenever they have a conventional weapons mishap or problem. 

They can be activated to respond within 24 to 48 hours. See Attachment 4 for specific guidance. 

9.10. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB). The DDESB is a joint 

board of the DoD. It is subject to the direction, authority and control of the Secretary of Defense, 

under the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Environmental Security). 

9.10.1. The board consists of a chairperson and an officer (O-6/GS-15 or above) from each 

of the military departments. In addition, each military department must designate an 

alternate. Within the Air Force, AF/SE provides the primary and alternate members.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 85 

9.10.2. The DDESB establishes DoD explosives safety policy and is responsible for the DoD 

Explosives Safety Management Program (ESMP). DDESB conducts Component-level 

programmatic evaluations according to DoDI 6055.16, Explosives Safety Management 

Program, which requires the Secretaries of the Military Departments to establish, resource, 

implement and maintain effective DoD Component-level ESMPs. Each year DDESB 

evaluates one of the Military Departments ESMPs. This is a top to bottom review (HAF, 

MAJCOM, NAF and installation) of the services’ explosives safety program. 

9.11. Weapons Safety Training. The MAJCOM weapons safety office must provide 

MAJCOM-unique Weapons Safety Manager (WSM) training to their installation, Center and 

NAF weapons safety personnel. MAJCOMs must ensure all weapons safety personnel in their 

command are properly trained. 

9.11.1. The installation weapons safety manager provides weapons safety training to all 

appointed Additional Duty Weapons Safety Representatives (ADWSR) on their 

responsibilities and program management. ADWSMs are required to be trained within 30 

days of appointment, with recurring training as determined by the MAJCOM. Installation 

weapons safety managers will also evaluate and monitor unit weapons safety training, 

approve lesson plans and review annually. 

9.11.2. The base or unit weapons safety manager or designated representative conducts this 

training, which augments the job training provided by the supervisor. The weapons safety 

staff evaluates and monitors unit weapons safety, approves lesson plans and reviews them 

annually. All personnel (supervisory and non-supervisory) who operate, handle, transport, 

maintain, load, or dispose of missiles, explosives, or nuclear weapons, must receive initial 

weapons safety training before performing any of these tasks. Recurring training must be 

provided not later than the end of the 15 th month following initial training. EXCEPTION: 

People who store and/or handle only the following are exempt from initial and refresher 

training: 

9.11.2.1. Small arms ammunition, including cartridge-actuated tools in quantity-distance 

hazard class/division 1.4. 

9.11.2.2. Document destroyers. 

9.11.2.3. Small tear gas items (such as grenades). 

9.11.2.4. Aircraft and facility fire extinguisher cartridges. 

9.11.2.5. Other hazard class/division 1.4 items in their packaged configuration only. 

Personnel who will unpack and handle unpackaged items other than the exceptions listed 

above still require training. 

9.11.3. DELETE. 

9.11.3.1. DELETE. 

9.11.3.2. DELETE. 

9.11.3.3. DELETE. 

9.11.3.4. DELETE. 

9.11.3.5. DELETE.

86 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

9.12. Weapons Safety Committees. These committees include the Explosives Safety 

Committee, the Non-Nuclear Munitions Safety Board and the Nuclear Weapons Systems Safety 

Group are chaired by AFSC/SEW representative and are composed of the chiefs of weapons 

safety or their MAJCOM representatives. These committees discuss matters of mutual concern 

that cross MAJCOM lines. Additionally, they must hold periodic meetings and generally follow 

other meetings in which most representatives are already present.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 87 

Chapter 10 

SPACE SAFETY 

10.1. Program Management. All units conducting space-related missions must have a 

comprehensive space safety program. Reference AFI 91-217, Space Safety and Mishap 

Prevention Program, for specific space safety program requirements. Reference AFMAN 91- 

222, Space Safety Investigation and Reports, for specific investigative reporting guidance. 

10.2. Program Overview. All DoD activities with the potential to inadvertently and/or 

adversely affect spacecraft or humans in space shall be conducted in a safe and reasonable 

manner that protects space systems, their mission effectiveness, and humans in space, consistent 

with national security requirements IAW DoDD 3100.10, Space Policy. 

10.3. Space Control Systems. Space Control Systems, which include systems such as the 

Space Surveillance Network, Command and Control Warning, and Offensive and Defensive 

Counter Space Systems, have unique missions that don’t directly support other space systems. 

All organizations that test or operate space control systems will have a space safety program. 

10.4. Design, Development, Integration and Testing. Space systems will be designed, tested 

and operated in such a manner to: 

10.4.1. In order to prevent design and operational problems, it is critical that space safety 

personnel (e.g. system safety managers) are included throughout all phases of a system’s 

lifetime. 

10.4.2. Local System Safety Managers must be included at all milestone decision points to 

effectively manage the risks in each program. 

10.5. Launch, Range and Reentry Safety. The launch safety program covers activities 

associated with the ground handling, launching and pre-orbital operations of space systems. It 

also includes activities connected with the deployment, operation, reentry and recovery (if 

required) of test vehicles or payloads that do not attain orbit (either planned or unplanned). 

NOTE: Weapon safety programs cover intercontinental ballistic missile test launches. 

10.6. Orbital Safety. The high cost of orbital assets, their unique operational design and the 

irrecoverable nature of orbital hardware makes mishap prevention a critical component of orbital 

systems, from the initial design phase through end-of-life activities. The orbital safety program 

covers all activities associated with the development, testing and operation of space vehicles in 

orbit or deep space, to include spacecraft design, orbital operations, reentry, recovery and 

disposal elements. 

10.7. Space Safety Council (SSC). The SSC will assist the AF/SE in fulfilling oversight 

responsibilities through effective governance and management. This council, chaired by HQ 

AFSC/SES, is composed of the MAJCOM/SEs or their representatives. Other military/civil 

space agencies are invited to participate in the cross-flow of information. The council will hold at 

least one annual meeting. The SSC shall: 

10.7.1. Recommend DoD/federal and commercial space safety policy, prepare and monitor 

DoD/federal and commercial space safety directives or instructions concerning safety issues. 

10.7.2. Promote space safety initiatives for both DoD/federal and commercial space flight.

88 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

10.7.3. Maximize collaboration with organizational Safety Offices. 

10.7.4. Discuss space safety related System Safety issues. 

10.7.5. Provide for an independent assessment of overall program safety. 

10.8. Space Safety Training. Assigned space safety personnel should be trained in all 

applicable aspects of space safety according to the unit’s operations. This includes risk analysis 

and management, System Safety, space environment hazards, testing, and conjunction 

assessment. Space safety personnel should be trained in mission specific safety tasks: design, 

range systems and operations, launch systems and operations (including conjunction on launch 

assessment, and upper stage disposal), orbital systems and operations (including debris 

minimization, conjunction assessment, collision avoidance, and end-of-life actions), and groundbased 

space systems and operations (including space control and directed energy 

systems/operations). 

10.9. Space Nuclear Safety. Space nuclear safety falls under the Inter-agency Nuclear Safety 

Review Panel, of which HQ AFSC/SES is the DoD representative. This program ensures that 

radioactive sources and nuclear power systems used in space are designed, developed, built, 

maintained, stored, handled, launched and used (including final disposition) with the maximum 

safety and security consistent with operational requirements. Consult AFI 91-110, Nuclear Safety 

Review and Launch Approval for Space or Missile Use of Radioactive Material and Nuclear 

Systems, for nuclear safety review and launch approval requirements and procedures for the use 

of nuclear powered system and radioactive sources in space. 

10.10. Space Asset Interaction with Directed Energy Systems. There are many DoD 

programs and/or experiments using the electromagnetic spectrum to produce high-energy lasers, 

jammers and other ground-based or space-based devices. All DoD programs shall take 

appropriate action or institute operational procedures to minimize hazards and/or interference 

with spacecraft, the general public, property on the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s atmosphere and 

the space environment. 

10.10.1. In addition to the requirements of paragraph 9.8, all laser systems that could be 

aimed above the horizon which could pose a potential threat to satellites or people in space 

will follow the procedures in DoDI O-3100.11, Illumination of Objects in Space by Lasers. 

10.10.2. Reference DoDI O-3100.11 and AFI 91-401 for further directed energy safety 

guidance.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 89 

Chapter 11 

SYSTEM SAFETY 

11.1. Overview. This Chapter establishes the roles, responsibilities and policy requirements for 

Safety personnel in support of System Safety. It also defines how Safety personnel and 

organizations interact, influence and advise the other Air Force communities that are corporately 

responsible for System Safety in the Air Force. System acquisition and sustainment Program 

Managers are subject to the mandatory policy and guidance described in paragraph 11.1.3 

System safety principles are used to manage safety risks in multiple functional areas across the 

AF and form the basis for operational safety risk management and management of risks within 

nuclear surety activities. 

11.1.1. System Safety must be a planned, integrated, comprehensive effort employing both 

engineering and management resources. Effective System Safety efforts depend on clearly 

defined safety objectives and system performance requirements. System Safety objectives 

shall include, but not be limited to, prevention or mitigation of all reportable mishaps that 

may be associated with a system and its use and function. 

11.1.2. System Safety efforts consist of eight essential elements: 

11.1.2.1. Documenting the system safety approach. 

11.1.2.2. Hazard identification and analysis over the system life cycle. 

11.1.2.3. Assessment of mishap risk, expressed as severity and probability of 

consequences. 

11.1.2.4. Identification and assessment of potential risk mitigation measures. 

11.1.2.5. Implementation of measures to reduce risks to acceptable levels. 

11.1.2.6. Verification of risk reduction. 

11.1.2.7. Acceptance of residual risks by appropriate authorities. 

11.1.2.8. Tracking of hazards and residual risks throughout the system life cycle. 

11.1.3. These elements must be documented and periodically reviewed by program 

managers. 

11.1.3.1. Hazard tracking logs communicate sufficient information to identify and track 

the status of each hazard. To ensure appropriate management attention, the status of 

hazards is required to be presented at program and technical reviews. The System Safety 

effort supports program and technical reviews with current information of all hazards. 

The hazard tracking logs should contain: 

11.1.3.1.1. A hazard description. 

11.1.3.1.2. Unique identification information. 

11.1.3.1.3. Risk assessment information, including the initial assessment, the target 

risk level, interim assessments, as required, and the final (residual) risk assessment. 

11.1.3.1.4. Information concerning the mitigation action(s).

90 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

11.1.3.1.5. Current status of the risk reduction effort. 

11.1.3.1.6. A record of user concurrence and risk acceptance by appropriate 

authorities. 

11.1.3.2. To mitigate risks, the following order of precedence is used to satisfy System 

Safety requirements and resolve identified hazards according to MIL-STD-882D, DoD 

Standard Practice for System Safety: 

11.1.3.2.1. Design for minimum risk. 

11.1.3.2.2. Incorporate safety devices. 

11.1.3.2.3. Provide warning devices. 

11.1.3.2.4. Develop procedures and training. 

11.1.3.3. Every hazard that cannot be eliminated must be accepted by the appropriate 

level of leadership as specified in AFI 63-101, Acquisition and Sustainment Life Cycle 

Management. 

11.1.4. The acquisition and sustainment communities implement the System Safety process 

as an integral part of a system program office's Systems Engineering activity as defined in 

AFI 63-101 and AFI 63-1201, Life Cycle Systems Engineering. 

11.1.5. Program Managers are solely responsible for organizing their offices to execute the 

System Safety requirements elaborated in the DoD and Air Force policy and instructions 

listed in paragraph 11.1.3 In particular, Acquisition and Sustainment Program Managers must 

integrate system safety risk management into their program’s overall Systems Engineering 

effort at the Integrated Product Team (IPT) level where day-to-day engineering decisions are 

being made. This allows System Safety to most effectively influence system design. 

11.1.6. For risks requiring CAE or PEO acceptance, program managers prepare a written 

safety risk assessment describing the hazards, predicted risks (stating both consequences and 

probabilities), available mitigation measures, costs or other limitations, proposed action(s), 

alternatives, resulting net mishap risk and the total of expected adverse consequences for the 

period of acceptance. For high risks, coordination with the lead command(s), PEO and 

AF/SE is required before submission for acceptance. Program managers are required to 

reassess CAE- or PEO-accepted mishap risks at least every four years and for milestone 

reviews or key decisions following risk acceptance, with consideration given to actual 

incident and loss experiences for the period and advances in mitigation technologies and 

methods. Re-validated risk assessments are then coordinated and submitted for acceptance by 

the appropriate authority for the new predicted risk levels. Attachment 15 guidance is 

mandatory for the risk assessments that accompany High risk acceptance packages and 

recommended for all other risk assessments. Formats for risk assessment packages and tools 

to help identify baseline risk, actions already taken, interim risk, potential options and 

residual risk associated with each potential option may be found on the AFSC web-site. 

11.2. Responsibilities. 

11.2.1. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition (SAF/AQ): 

11.2.1.1. Establishes engineering and technical policy and procedures for Air Force 

Space and non-Space Systems Acquisition and Sustainment, including policy and

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 91 

procedures for all Acquisition and Sustainment programs to execute System Safety as an 

integrated part of Systems Engineering. 

11.2.1.2. Performs periodic reviews of Acquisition and Sustainment programs. These 

include required reviews of the results of each program’s System Safety and ESOH risk 

management efforts. This ensures that System Safety is overseen within the context of 

other cost, schedule and performance issues. 

11.2.1.3. Represents the Air Force in Acquisition and Sustainment Program System 

Safety matters with other DoD components and both Governmental and non- 

Governmental agencies. 

11.2.1.4. Ensures program offices support system-related Class A and Class B mishap 

investigations to the extent necessary to analyze hazards that contributed to the accident, 

and provide recommendations for materiel risk mitigation measures, especially those that 

minimize potential human errors. 

11.2.2. Program Executive Officers (PEO), Designated Acquisition Officials (DAO), and 

Air Logistics Center Commanders (ALC/CC) are responsible for the execution of System 

Safety across all programs within their portfolios. They perform periodic program and 

technical reviews of programs within their portfolios. These reviews include required reviews 

of the results of each program’s System Safety and safety risk management efforts. This 

ensures that System Safety is overseen alongside other cost, schedule, and performance 

issues. Finally, PEOs, DAOs, or ALC/CCs serve as acceptance authorities for program safety 

risks classified ―Serious‖ as defined by DoDI 5000.02. 

11.2.3. Acquisition and Sustainment Program Managers: 

11.2.3.1. Program offices must clearly define, document and adopt safety risk 

management matrices and/or tables, using MIL-STD-882D guidance, that detail 

quantified probability and event consequence severity levels, and specify approval 

authorities that will be used to manage major system/function risk within their specific 

programs. (For example, MIL-HDBK-516 defines major functions for air vehicles; 

program managers for other enterprise items may develop similar breakouts to define 

major systems/functions for their specific items). 

11.2.3.2. Program offices must document and report their safety risk management 

policies, along with current status of all high and serious risks as part of their Risk 

Management Planning. This information is required to be documented in the 

Programmatic Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Evaluation (PESHE), and 

current High- and Serious-level safety risks must be presented at each Program and 

Technical Review. 

11.2.3.3. For risks requiring CAE or PEO acceptance, program managers must prepare a 

written risk assessment describing the hazards, predicted risks (stating both consequences 

and probabilities), available mitigation measures, costs or other limitations, proposed 

action(s), alternatives, resulting net mishap risk and the total expected consequences for 

the period of acceptance. Attachment 15 guidance is mandatory for High risk acceptance 

packages and recommended for all other risk assessments.

92 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

11.2.3.3.1. High-level safety risk acceptance packages must be coordinated with the 

lead commands and AF/SE before assessments are submitted for acceptance. 

11.2.3.3.2. Program managers must reassess CAE- or PEO-accepted risks at least 

every four years and for milestone reviews or key decisions following approval, with 

consideration given to actual incident and loss experiences for the period and 

advances in mitigation technologies and methods. Re-validated risk assessments must 

be coordinated and submitted for acceptance by the appropriate authority for the new 

predicted risk levels. 

11.2.3.4. IAW AFI 63-101, all system-related Class A and B mishap investigation 

reports must include the Program Manager analysis of hazards that contributed to the 

accident and recommendations for materiel risk mitigation measures, especially those 

that minimize the potential for human errors. 

11.2.4. The Air Force Chief of Safety (AF/SE): 

11.2.4.1. Develops System Safety policy and guidance. 

11.2.4.2. Evaluates safety risk assessment portions of risk acceptance packages 

submitted for High risks to validate the processes and methodologies and to ensure risk 

information is adequately conveyed to risk-acceptance authorities. Reviews and 

coordinates on the risk acceptance packages for risks classified as High. 

11.2.4.3. Provides independent assessments and advice on overall Acquisition and 

Sustainment Program safety (residual hazards and associated risks) to Headquarters Air 

Force senior leadership, as appropriate. 

11.2.4.4. Participates in Air Force Review Boards (AFRBs) and other HAF-level reviews 

for Acquisition and Sustainment Programs. These reviews are one of the key 

opportunities to influence System Safety in Acquisition and Sustainment Programs. 

11.2.4.5. Represents the Air Force in System Safety matters with other DoD components 

and both Governmental and non-Governmental agencies. 

11.2.4.6. Collects and consolidates System Safety Group (SSG) recommendations and 

inputs for the Air Force Operational Safety Council (AFOSC). 

11.2.4.7. Requires all system-related Class A and B safety mishap investigation reports 

include the program office analyses of hazards that contributed to the mishap and 

program office recommendations for materiel risk mitigation measures, especially those 

that minimize potential human errors. 

11.2.4.8. Develops and implements System Safety training programs and handbooks. 

11.2.4.9. Provides advisors and consultants to System Safety Groups. 

11.2.4.10. Reviews Air Force technical and management documents (capabilities 

management documents, program management directives, SSG charters) for inclusion of 

appropriate safety requirements. 

11.2.4.11. Reviews and comments on mishap reports for technical content and lessons 

learned. Forwards lessons learned to the Center for Systems Engineering (CSE) Lessons 

Learned data bank and to appropriate OPRs for standards, specifications, and handbooks.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 93 

11.2.4.12. Provides members, advisors and consultants to the Non-nuclear Munitions 

Safety Boards (NNMSB), and safety study groups for terrestrial nuclear reactors. 

Provides a senior advisor to the chair of the US Air Force Nuclear Weapons System 

Safety Group (NWSSG). (See AFI 91-205, Nonnuclear Munitions Safety Board, AFI 91- 

109, Air Force Nuclear Reactor Program, and AFI 91-102, Nuclear Weapon System 

Safety Studies, Operational Safety Reviews, and Safety Rules.) 

11.2.4.13. Evaluates the System Safety of Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) needed for 

Air Force operations via the DEW Certification Board (DEWCB). This safety 

consideration is a System Safety effort which considers the DEW hazard posed to Air 

Force personnel and all pertinent Air Force equipment. Safety of a DEW device shall be 

considered before purchase or during design, using AFI 91-401 safety design criteria. 

11.2.4.14. For system-related mishaps, determine whether the Program Manager 

previously identified the hazards that played a role in the mishap sequence and had 

included those hazards in its Systems Engineering System Safety ESOH risk 

management efforts. 

11.2.5. Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC): Establishes and maintains the Air Force's 

capability to support System Safety efforts of non-Space Program Managers. 

11.2.5.1. Ensures product centers, logistics centers and laboratories document safety 

criteria and hazards identified during their efforts. Provides support as required to ensure 

the responsible organizations include Safety hazard analysis with any development or 

modification to be evaluated, assessed or tested within AFMC and the using command. 

11.2.5.2. Ensures program offices and the lead and using commands coordinate when 

modifications or changes in system use affect safety. 

11.2.5.3. Evaluates mishaps and mishap trends to identify deficiencies that engineers and 

managers may have overlooked or incorrectly analyzed during system development. 

Correct oversights and update ―lessons learned‖ information. 

11.2.5.4. Keeps HQ AFSC informed of the programmatic changes of the on-going and 

future acquisition and sustainment programs. Specifically, changes in program managers, 

System Safety managers and program status (i.e., acquisition or sustainment and 

responsible organization). 

11.2.5.5. Facilitates information exchange between program managers and chief 

engineers and HQ AFSC and the user to help maintain operational safety of AFMC 

managed weapon systems and end items. 

11.2.5.6. Ensures level of support, training and experience of System Safety staff is 

appropriate for each Program. 

11.2.5.7. Ensures HQ AFMC/SES forwards to HQ AFSC/SEFE not later than 30 

calendar days after the end of each fiscal year, an update to the USAF Aviation Safety 

Equipment Database in the format described in Attachment 2. 

11.2.5.8. Ensures all Center system safety managers annually report risk management 

policies conforming to paragraph 11.3.1, along with a current list of all CAE- or PEOaccepted 

residual risks for their programs. Provides a consolidated annual report for all 

programs to AF/SE and SAF/AQ.

94 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

11.2.5.9. Works with the Center for Systems Engineering (CSE) to maintain an 

―acquisition and design system safety lessons learned‖ database and makes it available to 

users to ensure that they apply appropriate lessons learned to new programs. 

11.2.5.10. Chairs System Safety Engineering Analysis (SSEA) efforts as required by 

each system. 

11.2.6. Air Force Space Command (AFSPC): 

11.2.6.1. Establishes and maintains the Air Force's capability to conduct system safety 

programs for space facility, launch and on-orbit activities. The Space and Missile Center 

(SMC) is the focal point for these system safety and acquisition functions. 

11.2.6.2. Maintains close coordination with SMC to ensure that launch and on-orbit 

hazards are identified. 

11.2.6.3. Appoints a trained System Safety manager to act as the point of contact to 

facilitate system safety matters. 

11.2.6.4. For Space Systems, all mission assurance personnel shall be trained in System 

Safety and support System Safety efforts, consistent with their particular job 

responsibilities. 

11.2.7. System Safety Officers, Managers and engineers monitor operational experience, 

mission changes, environmental effects or system modifications to identify and correct 

hazards throughout the life cycle of a system or facility. When a program (e.g., an aircraft) 

has an embedded sub-program (e.g., an aircraft engine) which could create inter-related 

safety risk at the higher system level, both program managers will ensure their Systems 

Engineering Plans include processes to identify inter-related safety risks and to integrate risk 

management and mitigation efforts for High or Serious safety risks. 

11.2.7.1. When assigned to Program Offices, System Safety Officers, Managers and 

engineers: 

11.2.7.1.1. According to their particular job requirements, individuals in System 

Safety positions will complete an approved System Safety Course within 90 days of 

assignment (or first available course thereafter). Safety offices must document 

reasons for assigned individuals who have not completed training within 120 days of 

assignment. 

11.2.7.1.2. Must have introductory space safety course training when assigned to a 

program involved in the acquisition of a space system. 

11.2.7.1.3. Works within the Program Manager’s Integrated Product Team (IPT) 

structure to establish and maintain a System Safety program according to the 

principles of MIL-STD 882D. 

11.2.7.1.4. Participates in the development and maintenance of the Programmatic 

Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Evaluation (PESHE) document. 

11.2.7.1.5. Integrates System Safety efforts with systems engineering and other 

functional areas within the program.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 95 

11.2.7.1.6. Identifies and assesses safety hazards and risks throughout the program 

life. Ensures safety portions of PESHE are current and coordinated through the 

Center System Safety Manager (CSSM). Annually reports safety risk management 

policies, accepted mishap risks and those that require PEO or higher action for their 

program to the Center system safety manager IAW paragraph 11.2.7.2.7 

11.2.7.1.7. Incorporates safety requirements and design criteria into appropriate 

program documents. 

11.2.7.1.8. Works with System Engineering staff to provide System Safety risk 

assessments for program and technical reviews. 

11.2.7.1.9. Develops, recommends and oversees special tests to verify effectiveness 

of mitigation measures. 

11.2.7.1.10. Develops and implements tracking procedures for all identified hazards 

and mitigation measures. Documents management decisions for acceptance of mishap 

risks. 

11.2.7.1.11. When appropriate, develops operating limits and other safety risk 

mitigation measures in concert with the lead, using or operational commands. System 

Safety personnel must identify and document particular safety constraints as early as 

possible. 

11.2.7.1.12. Conducts SSGs/System Safety Working Groups (SSWGs), when 

required, for their program. 

11.2.7.1.13. Prepares formal risk assessment packages. 

11.2.7.1.14. Ensures System Safety requirements are clearly defined within the 

Systems Engineering process for their program. 

11.2.7.1.15. For AFMC managed systems and end-items, works with the assigned 

chief engineer in the assurance of system and or end-item’s Operational Safety, 

Suitability, and Effectiveness (OSS&E) baseline. 

11.2.7.1.16. As part of the preparations for fielding new or modified systems, ensures 

using commands are provided with a listing of all identified hazards, their mitigation 

measures, mishap risk assessments, residual hazards and risk acceptance 

documentation. 

11.2.7.1.17. Identify budget requirements that support mishap investigations and 

corrections of deficiencies in support of their program. 

11.2.7.1.18. Provides updates to the USAF Safety Equipment Database 30 calendar 

days prior to the close of each fiscal year to HQ AFMC/SES for forwarding to HQ 

AFSC/SEFE. Attachment 2 contains the required information and format. 

11.2.7.2. When assigned as a Center System Safety Manager (CSSM): 

11.2.7.2.1. HQ AFRL and each product and logistics center will have a trained fulltime 

CSSM in the center safety office, unless waived by HQ AFMC/SES. 

11.2.7.2.2. Each laboratory technical directorate and test center will have a trained 

SSM in the laboratory/test center safety office. (The laboratory/test CSSM can be a

96 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

part-time individual, depending on the local system safety efforts.) If a 

center/laboratory has a full-time system safety staff, the chief of this staff will be the 

CSSM or laboratory SSM. All center/laboratory SSMs will document safety criteria 

and hazard identification and resolution for in-house and for contractual programs. 

CSSMs will identify program/project documents to be coordinated by the 

center/laboratory SSM. 

11.2.7.2.3. CSSMs should be members of the center Acquisition Strategy Panel and 

the Senior Engineering Council. 

11.2.7.2.4. CSSMs or their designated staff members will be members or advisors of 

SSGs and MSTGs and CCBs. (Full-time SSMs may represent system safety in lieu of 

the CSSM on program-unique CCBs, MSTGs, and SSGs.) 

11.2.7.2.5. CSSMs will conduct annual meetings with all center system safety 

personnel to cover refresher training, cross-tell items, and new developments in 

system safety. 

11.2.7.2.6. The CSSM will coordinate on the safety portion of PESHEs for programs 

managed at the Center. 

11.2.7.2.7. CSSMs must provide annual overviews to the MAJCOM/SE and AF/SE 

on the safety risk management policies and status of all risks requiring PEO or CAE 

action for all programs managed at their Center. 

11.2.7.3. When assigned to Lead/Using Command, System Safety Officers, Managers, 

and engineers: 

11.2.7.3.1. Must be familiar with System Safety policy and guidance. 

11.2.7.3.2. Support the Initial Capabilities Document (ICD), Capability Development 

Document (CDD) and Capability Production Document (CPD) development effort by 

IAW AFPD 90-8, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health. Safety personnel 

must work with the Environmental and Bioenvironmental Engineering staffs to 

identify ESOH constraints as early as possible to prevent adverse impacts on 

command mission, base locations, operational use, support concepts or 

meteorological operating environments associated with systems. 

11.2.7.3.3. Assist in coordinating user concurrence for safety risk acceptance 

decisions. 

11.2.7.3.4. Interpret hazard data provided by the program manager for the system 

users. 

11.2.8. Major Commands. Each MAJCOM with acquisition responsibilities must appoint a 

trained System Safety manager to act as the point of contact to facilitate System Safety 

matters. Major Command Safety Offices and System safety personnel: 

11.2.8.1. Specify any requirements for safety features that could reduce risk, hazards or 

their effects. Safety personnel must identify particular safety constraints as early as 

possible to the Program Office, preferably as a part of a formal requirements document, 

endorsed by the Lead Command’s proponent office for the system. These System Safety 

constraints could affect the command mission, base locations, unique operational use,

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 97 

support concepts or meteorological operating environments dealing with the weapons 

system. 

11.2.8.2. Participate as SSG members and SSWG members, as appropriate. Ensure 

acquisition, sustainment, testing, training development, and modification plans include 

adequate operational safety criteria. Ensure material mishap recommendations are 

included in the Lead MAJCOM cycle and efforts/results are addressed by program 

offices. 

11.2.8.3. Designate a trained focal point responsible for System Safety advocacy for the 

Command. Provide AFSC/SES, AFMC/SES and AFSPC/SES (space programs only) 

with the name of the focal point. NOTE: Trained focal point is someone who has 

completed a formal System Safety course. 

11.2.8.4. Work closely with program managers to facilitate the Lead Command’s 

coordination role in the System Safety risk acceptance process. Jointly determine the 

overall level of risk and document the acceptance of this risk level with the appropriate 

authorities. 

11.2.8.5. Use the principles of risk management to discover previously unidentified 

hazards and/or changes in the level of risks in fielded systems. Ensure that changes in 

CONOPS will be evaluated for changes in risk. Provide relevant information to the 

program manager for risk mitigation efforts. 

11.2.8.6. Lead Commands will consolidate Using Command’s requirements and 

represent these needs to program offices. 

11.2.8.7. Ensure assigned system safety personnel are properly trained. 

11.2.9. Units. Ensure the unit risk management effort uses Program Manager’s System 

Safety hazard information in its risk assessments. 

11.2.9.1. Participate, as appropriate, in SSGs and SSWGs to identify risks and hazards. 

11.2.9.2. Coordinate issues affecting System Safety with the MAJCOM Weapon System 

Representative, the Program Office, the System Safety Group and HQ AFSC, as 

appropriate. 

11.2.10. Test Organizations. During both development and operational test and evaluation, 

test organizations will review and validate program office risk assessments for hazards that 

were not eliminated through redesign. The test organizations and Air Force Operational Test 

Evaluation Center (AFOTEC) will provide the using commands with their recommendations 

on program office risk assessments. The test organizations and AFOTEC will provide to the 

program office a summary of the test hazards and the mitigating actions for all test hazards. 

11.3. System Safety Groups (SSG). In addition to the day-to-day systems engineering, system 

safety activities, acquisition and sustainment program offices should utilize SSGs to collect and 

cross feed user inputs and insights into the program’s System Safety efforts. SSG members 

include the program manager or deputy, Center System Safety Manager, program System Safety 

Manager and representatives from the Using Commands, HQ AFSC, AFMC/SES, AFOTEC, 

AFSPC/SES, SAF/AQR, and other appropriate DoD and industry organizations.

98 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

11.3.1. All aircraft and space programs, regardless of acquisition category, are required to 

conduct SSGs. Programs for subordinate systems used on aircraft or space systems shall 

address system safety issues within the SSG for the aircraft or space systems in which they 

are to be integrated, and are not required to have separate SSGs. Separate SSGs are also not 

required for programs covered under AFI 91-102, Nuclear Weapon System Safety Studies, 

Operational Safety Reviews, and Safety Rules, AFI 91-205, Nonnuclear Munitions Safety 

Board, or AFI 91-401, Directed Energy Weapon Safety. SSGs are optional for all other 

Acquisition Category I (ACAT 1) and lower acquisition category programs. HQ AFSC will 

maintain a list of aircraft and space programs that conduct SSGs. 

11.3.2. The program manager, deputy program manager or chief engineer chairs the SSG. 

SSGs meet at least annually as scheduled by the chair. In addition, any member of the SSG 

may request the chair call a meeting. Meetings may be waived with concurrence of all 

required attendees. Each SSG will address the following as appropriate: 

11.3.2.1. Program status. 

11.3.2.2. Fleet safety assessment. 

11.3.2.3. Analyses of major safety design trade-offs and modifications. Analysis will 

include risk hazard indices, proposed corrective actions and their effect and status. 

11.3.2.4. Status of planned, pending, active and disapproved safety modifications. 

Appendix 15 has guidelines and considerations for modification planning and risk 

assessment. 

11.3.2.5. Safety investigation recommendations affecting the system. A discussion of 

High Accident Potential (HAP) reports that have occurred since the last meeting. 

11.3.2.6. User/operator issues. 

11.3.2.7. Safety risk mitigation options 

11.3.2.8. Unmitigated hazards. 

11.3.2.9. System Safety program scope, including contractual requirements and 

deliverable System Safety data. 

11.3.2.10. Overall safety assessments, especially before milestone reviews. 

11.3.2.11. Major modifications or engineering change proposals. 

11.3.2.12. The need to establish SSWGs as necessary to work detailed System Safety 

issues. 

11.3.2.13. Making safety recommendations during design, development, test, operations, 

sustainment and disposal. 

11.3.2.14. Assigning mishap risk indices to each SSG discussion and action item. 

11.3.2.15. Aircraft Information Program status to emphasize the collection and analysis 

of safety data. 

11.3.3. The SSG develops and coordinates the SSG charter. The SSG charter will address 

the purpose and scope, mandatory membership, operating procedures and administration of 

the group. All mandatory members must commit to supporting SSG meetings and must sign

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 99 

the charter. Minimum mandatory membership includes the Chairman (Program Manager, 

Deputy or Chief Engineer), Program System Safety Manager/Engineer, Center System Safety 

Manager, AFSC, AFMC/SE (for non-space systems), AFSPC/SE (for space systems), the 

Lead MAJCOM safety office, and the Lead MAJCOM user representative. Optional, 

advisory members include SAF/AQRE, the contractor system safety manager, the ALC 

Materiel Safety Officer (MSO), program engineering staff (as needed based on issues at 

hand), AFOTEC, AFFTC, Space Launch Ranges, and others as may determined by 

mandatory members. 

11.3.4. SSG minutes shall be sent to SAF/AQR, AFMC/EN or SMC/EA (as applicable), HQ 

AFSC/SEA/SEF/SEG/SES/SEW, AFSPC/SES or AFMC/SES (as applicable), and the 

owning command. 

11.3.5. SSG recommendations that require capability changes or materiel modifications by 

the program office must be validated and documented IAW the process and criteria outlined 

in AFI 10-601. 

11.4. Networks, Automated Information Systems, and Non-Developmental Items. Program 

managers are required to conduct a System Safety analysis appropriate for the system or item. 

For non-developmental items, the analysis should review usage history, verify intended use 

similarities, evaluate differences, and plan for adequate safety evaluation for all Air Force-unique 

modifications or changes in use. This System Safety review should be accomplished by the 

procuring/buying agency that is in the best position to assess the intended use and necessary 

modification. For example, Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) certification requirements are 

incrementally implemented and may not apply to all models or year groups of similar aircraft. 

Operations from military fields and or with military support equipment provide unique hazard 

opportunities that may not have been considered in the original design. Exercise care in 

accepting FAA certification as a sufficient indication for safety of the design. 

11.5. System Safety Engineering Analysis (SSEA). The SSEA program evaluates and 

approves new operations that are prohibited due to the perceived risks (e.g. hot pit refueling, 

integrated combat turnaround (ICT)/hot ICT, aircraft-to-aircraft servicing operations, wet 

wing/rapid defueling and concurrent servicing). 

11.5.1. SSEA of a proposed operation is performed by a highly qualified team under 

controlled conditions. The team conducts actual demonstrations and analysis of the operation 

to validate overall risk assessment and recommend actions. The SSEA team is normally 

chaired by the AFMC System Safety Office and includes experts from AFSC and the 

developing, supporting and operational commands. 

11.5.2. A using command requests a SSEA in writing to AFMC/SES and informs HQ 

AFSC. Requests must include: 

11.5.2.1. A complete description of the proposed operation. 

11.5.2.2. Justification for accepting the increased risk. 

11.5.2.3. Recommended location and dates for the SSEA demonstrations. 

11.5.2.4. Identification of other DoD, Government or foreign agencies that might be 

involved.

100 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

11.5.3. The SSEA team reports the results of the analysis, including operational concepts, 

system descriptions, risk assessments, hazard analyses, descriptions of the demonstrations, 

and conclusions and recommendations to the requester.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 101 

Chapter 12 

HAZARD ABATEMENT 

12.1. Purpose. To provide senior leaders, functional managers and supervisors with a riskbased 

process or equivalent that mitigates hazardous conditions in all workplaces and operations. 

The purpose of the hazard abatement program is to eliminate, control or limit exposure of 

personnel to hazardous conditions. 

12.2. Responsibilities. 

12.2.1. Each installation establishes a program to abate hazards based on a priority system. 

12.2.2. Commanders, supervisors and employees at all levels are responsible for abating 

hazardous conditions 

12.2.3. Commanders protect national resources, both human and material, and have the 

responsibility to take action in implementing safety measures. 

12.2.4. Functional managers correct hazards in their areas of responsibility. 

12.2.5. The safety office helps commanders determine needed abatement actions and 

provide the commander with follow-up support until the hazard is eliminated. 

12.2.6. Send projects beyond the capability of local commanders to the parent MAJCOM. 

12.3. Planning and Engineering. Use risk management processes during the planning, design 

and execution phases to eliminate hazards as early as possible when they will have the least cost 

and operational impact on the program. Continually review plans, specifications and drawings to 

identify and eliminate hazards until the equipment or workplace is operating. 

12.4. Procedural Actions. Develop procedures or restrictions to minimize risk if planning or 

engineering actions cannot be used to eliminate hazards. If necessary, impose restrictions such as 

operational limits, frequent inspections, protective equipment or stopping the operation until 

corrective action is taken. 

12.5. Hazard Elimination Hierarchy. The types of hazards employees are exposed to, the 

severity of the hazards and the risk the hazards pose to employees should all be considered in 

determining methods of hazard prevention, elimination and control. 

12.5.1. In general, the following hierarchy should be followed in determining hazard 

elimination and control methods: 

12.5.1.1. Engineering. Engineering controls are the preferred method of reducing 

exposure to hazards, but are not always feasible. Following are examples of engineering 

controls that can be implemented. 

12.5.1.1.1. Substitution of a less hazardous material. 

12.5.1.1.2. Change process to minimize exposure to a hazard. 

12.5.1.1.3. Isolation or enclosure of a process. 

12.5.1.1.4. Ventilation of a work area. 

12.5.1.1.5. Use of local exhaust i.e. fume hoods.

102 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

12.5.1.2. Administrative. Administrative control methods, such as adjusting work 

schedules, good housekeeping or encouraging best work practice can reduce hazard 

exposures. 

12.5.1.3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). PPE to be used is determined by hazard 

identification in hazard analysis. PPE should be used when all other hazard controls have 

been exhausted or more significant hazard controls are not feasible. 

12.5.2. When engineering controls have been studied, investigated and implemented, yet still 

do not bring employees’ exposure levels to below permissible exposure limits, or when 

engineering controls are determined to be infeasible, then a combination of controls must be 

understood and followed by all affected parties. 

12.5.3. Attachment 7 through 10 provide additional instructions for assigning RACs, 

determining an abatement priority numbers and completing AF Forms 3 and 1118. 

12.6. Hazard Abatement Requirements. To abate hazardous conditions: 

12.6.1. Abate hazards in military-unique equipment and processes through established 

systems for modification and upgrade (e.g., Product Quality Deficiency Reporting Program 

(T.O. 00-35D-54, USAF Material Deficiency Report and Investigation System) and Flight 

Manual Changes [AFI 11-215, Flight Manual Procedures]). 

12.6.2. Hazard abatement in nonmilitary-unique workplaces must: 

12.6.2.1. Abate RACs 1, 2 and 3 hazards as soon as possible. 

12.6.2.2. Identify abatement actions for RACs 4 and 5 hazards as soon as possible. 

12.6.3. Select an abatement method and, if possible, interim control measures based on the 

hierarchy outlined in paragraph 12.5 

12.6.4. Other factors that affect decisions on abatement actions are: 

12.6.4.1. Impact to mission. 

12.6.4.2. Technical feasibility and cost of available options. 

12.6.4.3. Number of personnel exposed and length of time exposed. 

12.6.4.4. Previous mishap experience. 

12.6.4.5. Future use of workplaces or equipment. 

12.6.4.6. Alternative methods to control the hazard or protect personnel. 

12.6.4.7. Interim control measures in effect. 

Figure 12.1. ANNUAL HAZARD ABATEMENT PROGRAM SURVEY REPORT (RCS: 

HAF-SEC(A) 9363) MAJCOM--FOA--DRU SECTION A—HAZARDS ABATED 

DURING FY__. 

NUMBER OF 

HAZARDS 

ABATED 

TOTAL PROJECT 

COST ($000) 

ABATEMENT COST ($000)

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 103 

MILITARY 

CONSTRUCTION 

PROGRAM (MCP) 

OPERATIONS 

AND 

MAINTENANCE 

(O&M) 

RAC 1 

RAC 2 

RAC 3 

RAC 1 

RAC 2 

RAC 3 

TOTAL 

SECTION B—ABATEMENT FUNDED 

(MCP RAC 1 

RAC 2 

RAC 3 

O&M RAC 1 

RAC 2 

RAC 3 

TOTAL 

SECTION C—ABATEMENT UNFUNDED 

MCP RAC 1 

RAC 2 

RAC 3 

O&M RAC 1 

RAC 2 

RAC 3

104 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

TOTAL 

12.7. Imminent Danger Situations. Anyone identifying an imminent danger situation will 

immediately bring it to the attention of the commander and supervisor in charge. Commanders or 

supervisors must take immediate action to eliminate or control the hazard or cease operations and 

withdraw exposed personnel until the situation is safe. 

12.8. Posting Hazards. The fire, safety or health officials complete the AF Form 1118 

identifying RAC 1, 2 and 3 hazards according to Attachment 9 and forwards to the supervisor 

for posting. If the hazard is not abated within 30 days, a copy of the AF Form 1118 will be sent 

to the Wing safety office by the office assigning the RAC for addition to the master hazard 

abatement program. Supervisors must alert employees to the hazardous condition, any interim 

control measures and permanent corrective actions underway or programmed. Supervisors post 

the AF Form 1118 in the workplace no later than the end of the next duty day after identification 

of the hazard. AF Form 979, Danger Tag, may be used for this purpose on equipment. See 

AFOSH Standard 91-501 or current AFOSH guidance. 

12.8.1. Location. Post AF Form 1118 on, at or as near as possible to the hazard. However, 

where the nature of the hazard or workplace is such that this is not practical, post notices in a 

prominent place where all employees can see them. The workplace supervisor must ensure 

the posted AF Form 1118 is maintained in good condition and employees are kept informed 

of any changes. If adverse conditions are present, enclose the notice in a suitable protective 

cover. 

12.8.2. Removal. The issuing office will be the authority to remove a posted AF Form 1118, 

Notice of Hazard. Removal of notices will only occur after the hazard has been corrected 

and validated by the issuing authority. 

12.9. Installation Hazard Abatement Plans. Managers will ensure RACs 1, 2 and 3 hazards 

not corrected within 30 days are included into a formal installation hazard abatement plan and 

ensure any affected contractors or DoD civilian employees are notified. Safety staff will track 

RAC 4 and 5s until closed. AF Form 3 or AF Form 1118 is optional for RACs 4 and 5. 

MAJCOM may delineate additional tracking requirements. 

12.9.1. RAC 1, 2, or 3 hazards, not abated within 30 days, identified for correction are 

entered into the formal hazard abatement plan using AF Form 3. (See Attachment 10). Close 

out applicable hazard reports and inspection reports when action is transferred to AF Form 3. 

12.9.2. Safety, fire or health officials assist functional managers in preparation of the AF 

Form 3. After functional manager approves and signs the AF Form 3, it will be entered into 

formal hazard abatement plan. NOTE: Enter only one hazard on each copy of the AF Form 

3. 

12.9.3. The host installation safety staff maintains a complete set of AF Form 3s, which is 

the installation master hazard abatement plan. 

12.9.4. Squadron commanders or functional managers will conduct a semiannual review of 

AF Form 3s pertaining to their areas of responsibilities. 

12.9.4.1. The functional managers notify the safety personnel of any changes in hazard 

abatement status and annotate on the review AF Form 3.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 105 

12.9.4.2. Completed hazard abatement projects must be certified by the appropriate 

agency; safety, fire, or health, to ensure the hazard was abated properly. Certification in 

this particular instance means the appropriate official has performed a site visit to verify 

that the hazard has been fully abated. Functional manager will request agency support. 

12.9.5. The Safety Council will review the installation hazard abatement plan at least once a 

year. They will address project delays and other problems on a quarterly basis. 

12.9.6. The COS will send a written copy of the installation hazard abatement plan to the 

installation commander once a year for review and approval of priorities for projects. 

12.9.7. The ground safety representative will make the installation hazard abatement plan 

available for review locally by representatives of recognized employee organizations if such 

organizations exist. 

12.9.8. MAJCOM ground safety personnel will send copies of AF Form 3s received from 

subordinate installations or units to HQ AFSC/SEG and AFMOA/ SG3P or AFCESA/DF, if 

appropriate, when MAJCOM funding authority for abatement action is exceeded. 

12.10. Funding for Hazard Abatement. Funding for hazard abatement projects should be 

entered into the Planning, Programming and Budget process. Hazard abatement projects should 

compete for the necessary funds within the planning, programming, and budgeting system 

framework. 

12.10.1. Incorporate safety, fire and health requirements into construction and modernization 

projects. For projects that exceed local funding authority, follow requirements in AFI 32- 

1021, Planning and Programming Military Construction (MILCON) Projects, and send 

projects to the parent MAJCOM for centralized programming. Identify the portion of project 

cost attributable to hazard abatement. 

12.10.2. Civil Engineering provides actual cost data for abatement of hazards in workplaces 

and real property installed equipment to the functional manager. The functional manager 

consolidates the information and sends it to the installation safety staff at least once a year for 

centralized reporting. 

12.11. End of Year Annual Hazard Abatement Survey Report. Each installation safety 

representative obtains information from installation civil engineering and functional managers in 

order to submit an End-of-FY Annual Hazard Abatement Survey report to their MAJCOM safety 

representative by 15 October each year. MAJCOM safety representatives, in turn, submit a 

consolidated Annual Hazard Abatement Survey report to HQ AFSC/SEG no later than 1 

November each year. FOAs and DRUs are not to submit the annual survey report if the host 

installation reports their hazard abatement actions through a MAJCOM. 

Figure 12.2. (MAJCOM/FOA /DRU) ANNUAL HAZARD ABATEMENT SURVEY 

REPORT (RCS: HAF-SEC(A) 9363) OSH HAZARDS - PROGRAMMED (UNFUNDED) 

RAC 1 Annual Hazard Abatement Survey Report. 

2 3 

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION 

4 

NARRATIVE

106 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

BASE HAZARD 

TO BE 

ABATED 

A 

TITLE 

B 

PROJECT 

NUMBER 

C 

PROGRAM 

DECISION 

PACKAGE 

(PDP) 

D 

PROGRAM 

FY 

E 

COST ($000) 

(1) 

TOTAL 

GREGORY A. FEEST 

Major General, USAF 

Chief of Safety 

(2) 

ABATE- 

MENT

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 107 

References 

Attachment 1 

GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 

AFH 63-1402, Aircraft Information Program, 19 March 2001 

AFI 10-2501, Air Force Emergency Management (EM) Program Planning and Operations, 24 

January 2007 

AFI 11-202 Vol 2, Aircrew Standardization/Evaluation Program, 13 September 2010 

AFI 11-215, USAF Flight Manuals Program (FMP), 22 December 2008 

AFI 13-212, Range Planning and Operations, 16 November 2007 

AFI 13-213, Airfield Driving, 1 June 2011 

AFI 32-1021, Planning & Programming Military Construction (MILCON) Projects, 14 June 

2010 

AFI 32-1023, Designing and Constructing Military Construction Projects, 21 April 2010 

AFI 32-7086, Hazardous Materials Management, 1 November 2004 

AFI 33-332, Air Force Privacy Program, 16 May 2011 

AFI 34-217, Air Force Aero Club Program, 1 February 1997 

AFI 36-401, Employee Training & Development, 28 June 2002 

AFI 36-601, Air Force Civilian Career Program Management, 25 July 1994 

AFI 36-2101, Classifying Military Personnel (Officer and Enlisted), 14 June 2010 

AFI 36-2201, Air Force Training Program, 15 September 2010 

AFI 36-2833, Safety Awards, 8 February 2011 

AFI 44-102, Medical Care Management, 1 May 2006 

AFI 44-119, Medical Quality Operations, 16 August 2011 

AFI 48-101, Aerospace Medicine Enterprise, 19 October 2011 

AFI 48-145, Occupational and Environmental Health Program, 15 September 2011 

AFI 51-503, Aerospace Accident Investigations, 26 May 2010 

AFI 51-507, Ground Accident Investigations, 28 May 2010 

AFI 51-1101, Air Force Procurement Fraud Remedies Program, 21 October 2003 

AFI 63-101, Acquisition and Sustainment Life Cycle Management, 8 April 2009 

AFI 63-1201, Life Cycle Systems Engineering, 23 July 2007 

AFI 64-117, Air Force Government-Wide Purchase Card (GPC) Program, 20 September 2011 

AFI 65-601 Vol 1, Budget Guidance and Procedures, 3 March 2005 

AFI 90-801, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Councils, 25 March 2005

108 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication, 30 March 2005 

AFI 90-901, Operational Risk Management, 1 April 2000 

AFI 91-101, Air Force Nuclear Weapons Surety Program, 13 October 2010 

AFI 91-102, Nuclear Weapon System Safety Studies, Operational Safety Reviews, and Safety 

Rules, 24 June 2010 

AFI 91-110, Nuclear Safety Review and Launch Approval for Space or Missile Use of 

Radioactive Material and Nuclear Systems, 28 June 2002 

AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports, 24 September 2008 

AFI 91-205, Nonnuclear Munitions Safety Board, 1 July 1998 

AFI 91-207, The US Air Force Traffic Safety Program, 27 October 2011 

AFI 91-217, Space Safety and Mishap Prevention Program, 18 February 2010 

AFI 91-401, Directed Energy Weapons Safety, 29 September 2008 

AFI 99-103, Capabilities-Based Test and Evaluation, 26 February 2008 

AFH 63-1402, Aircraft Information Program, 19 March 2001 

AFMAN 23-110, USAF Supply Manual, 1 April 2009 

AFMAN 33-363, Management of Records, 1 March 2008 

AFMAN 48-153, Health Risk Assessment, 28 March 2007 

AFMAN 48-154, Occupational and Environmental Health Site Assessment, 28 March 2007 

AFMAN 48-155, Occupational and Environmental Health Exposure Controls, 1 October 2008 

AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards, 12 January 2011 

AFMAN 91-221, Weapons Safety Investigations and Reports, 8 November 2010 

AFMAN 91-222, Space Safety Investigations and Reports, 9 August 2005 

AFMAN 91-223, Aviation Safety Investigations and Reports, 6 July 2004 

AFMAN 91-224, Ground Safety Investigation and Reports, 1 August 2004 

AFOSH 48-Series Medical Standards, 6 May 2004 thru 30 June 2006 

AFPAM 90-902, Operational Risk Management (ORM) Guidelines and Tools, 14 December 

2000 

AFPAM 91-210, Contract Safety, 14 February 1994 

AFPAM 91-211, USAF Guide to Aviation Safety Investigation, 23 July 2001 

AFPAM 91-212, Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Management Techniques, 1 

February 2004 

AFPAM 91-216, USAF Safety Deployment and Contingency Pamphlet, 9 August 2001 

AFPD 90-8, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health, 1 September 2004 

AFPD 90-9, Operational Risk Management, 1 April 2000

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 109 

AFPD 91-1, Nuclear Weapons and System Surety, 13 December 2010 

AFPD 91-2, Safety Programs, 28 September 1993 

AFPD 91-3, Occupational Safety and Health, 27 Sep 93 

AFPD 91-4, Directed Energy Weapons (DEW), 21 October 2011 

DoD 1400.25-M, DoD Civilian Personnel Manual (CPM) System, Subchapter 810, Injury 

Compensation, 1 December 2006 

DoD 5200.1-R, Information Security Program, 14 January 1997 

DoD 5400-7-R, DoD Freedom of Information Act Program, 04 September 1998 

DoD 6025.13-R, Military Health System (MHS) Clinical Quality Assurance (CQA) Program 

Regulation, 11 June 2004 

DoD 6025.18-R, DoD Health Information Privacy Regulation, 24 January 2003 

DoD 6055.05-M, Occupational Medical Examinations and Surveillance Manual, 2 May 2007 

DoD 6055.09-STD, DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, 29 February 2008 

DoDD 3100.10, Space Policy, 9 July 1999 

DoDD 3200.11, Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB), 27 December 2007 

DoDD 4715.1E, Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health (ESOH), 19 March 2005 

DoDD 5000.01, The Defense Acquisition System, 12 May 2003 

DoDD 5400.11, DoD Privacy Program, 8 May 2007 

DoDI O-3100.11, Illumination of Objects in Space by Lasers, 31 March 2000 

DoDI 4145.26, DoD Contractor’s Safety Requirements for Ammunition and Explosives, 9 April 

2005 

DoDI 5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System, 8 December 2008 

DoDI 5000.35, Defense Acquisition Regulations (DAR) System, 21 October 2008 

DoDI 6050.05, DoD Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Program, 15 August 2006 

DoDI 6055.1, DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program, 19 August 1998 

DoDI 6055.4, DoD Traffic Safety Program, 20 April 2009 

DoDI 6055.07, Mishap Notification, Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping, 6 June 2011 

FORM CA-10, What A Federal Employee Should Do When Injured At Work 

MIL-HDBK-516, DoD Handbook Airworthiness Certification Criteria, 1 October 2002 

MIL-STD-882D, DoD Standard Practice for System Safety, 10 February 2000 

NATO STANAG 3101, Exchange of Safety Information Concerning Aircraft and Missiles, 24 

February 2009 

NATO STANAG 3102, Flight Safety Co-operation in Common Ground/Air Space, 27 March 

2007

110 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

NATO STANAG 3531, Safety Investigation and Reporting of Accident/Incidents Involving 

Military Aircraft, Missiles and/or UAVs, 28 March 2007 

NATO STANAG 3750, Reporting and Investigation of Air Traffic Incidents, 2 April 2007 

Executive Order 12196, Occupational Safety and Health Program for Federal Employees, 27 

February 1980 

OSHA Form 300, Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses 

Public Law 91-596, Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 December 1970 as amended 

Title 5, Administrative Personnel, Code of Federal Regulations Part 339, Medical Qualification 

Determinations 

Title 29, Labor, Code of Federal Regulations 1904, Recording and Reporting Occupational 

Injuries and Illnesses 

Title 29, Labor, Code of Federal Regulations 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards 

Title 29, Labor, Code of Federal Regulations 1926, Safety and Health Regulations for 

Construction 

Title 29, Labor, Code of Federal Regulations 1960, Basic Program Elements for Federal 

Employees, Occupational Safety and Health Programs and Related Matters 

Title 10, U.S.C. Chapter 172, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program 

Title 42, U.S.C. Chapter 23, Development and Control of Atomic Energy 

TO 00-5-1, Air Force Technical Order System, 1 October 2008 

TO 00-35D-54, USAF Deficiency Reporting, Investigation, and Resolution, 1 May 2007 

TO 11A-1-33, Handling and Maintenance of Explosives Loaded Aircraft (ATOS), 13 November 

2006 

UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning and Design, 17 November 2008 

Prescribed Forms 

AF Form 4391, High Risk Activities Worksheet. 

AF Form 4392, Pre-Departure Safety Briefing. 

Adopted Forms 

AF Form 3, Hazard Abatement Plan. 

AF Form 9, Request For Purchase. 

AF Form 55, Employee Safety and Health Record. 

AF Form 457, USAF Hazard Report. 

AF Form 651, Hazardous Air Traffic Report (HATR). 

AF Form 847, Recommendation For Change of Publication. 

AF Form 979, Danger Tag. 

AF Form 1118, Notice of Hazard.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 111 

AF Form 1754, Job Capability and Safety Analysis (LRA). 

AFVA 91-307, Air Force Occupational Safety and Health Program. 

FORM CA-10, What A Federal Employee Should Do When Injured At Work. 

OSHA Form 300, Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses. 

Abbreviations and Acronyms 

AFFORMS—Air Force Forms 

AFI—Air Force Instruction 

AFJMAN—Air Force Joint Manual 

AFMAN—Air Force Manual 

AFPD—Air Force Policy Directive 

AFOSH—Air Force Occupational Safety and Health 

AFSC—Air Force Safety Center 

AFTO—Air Force Technical Order 

ANSI—American National Standards Institute 

ASME—American Society of Mechanical Engineers 

BE—Bioenvironmental Engineering 

C—Celsius 

CAMS—Core Automated Maintenance System 

CAS -B—Combat Automated System – Base 

CFR—Code of Federal Regulations 

CG—Center of Gravity 

CMAA—Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc. 

DoD—Department of Defense 

DRU—Direct Reporting Unit 

EMP—Emergency Management Plan 

F—Fahrenheit 

FC—Fiber Core 

FOA—Field Operating Agency 

GO81—CAMS for Mobility 

HQ—Headquarters 

HRB—Hazard Review Board 

IPS—Improved Plow Steel

112 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

IWRC—Independent Wire Rope Core 

JSA—Job Safety Analysis 

JSM—Joint Service Manual 

kV—Kilovolts 

LP—Liquid Petroleum 

MAJCOM—Major Command 

MFT—Multi-Functional Team 

MHE—Materials Handling Equipment 

Mil Std—Military Standard 

NDI—Non-Destructive Inspection 

NEC—National Electrical Code 

NFPA—National Fire Protection Association 

NSC—National Safety Council 

OEL—Occupational Exposure Limit 

OL—Operating Location 

ORM—Operational Risk Management 

OSHA—Occupational Safety and Health Administration 

PDO—Publishing Distribution Office 

PPE—Personal Protective Equipment 

RM—Risk Management 

ROA—Range Operating Agency 

SAE—Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 

TO—Technical Order 

US—United States 

USAF—United States Air Force 

WWW—World-Wide Web 

XIPS—Extra Improved Plow Steel 

Terms 

Assessment—Assessments determine safety program management, implementation and 

effectiveness. Like program evaluations, assessments address the areas of commander and 

supervisory support, compliance with program directives, and the effectiveness of mishap 

prevention programs (performance). Assessments may be conducted in conjunction with the 

annual safety inspection.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 113 

Air Force Hazard Communication Program (AFHCP)—Implementation of the Hazard 

Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) and AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication. The 

purpose of the AFHCP is to reduce the incidence of chemically induced illnesses and injuries. It 

informs employees of the hazards and proper preventive measures to be taken when using or 

handling hazardous materials in the workplace. 

Air Reserve Component (ARC)—Used when referring to both the AFRC and ANG as one 

entity. All units, organizations, and members of the ANG and AFRC (10 U.S.C. 261) on active 

duty, on active duty for training, or in drill status, and ANG and AFRC technicians; include 

ANG and AFRC property and equipment. 

Area of Responsibility (AOR)—Theater of operations for Combatant Command missions and 

operations such as US Central Command (USCENTCOM), US Northern Command 

(USNORTHCOM), US European Command (USEUCOM), US Pacific Command (USPACOM) 

or US Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM). 

Days Away, Restricted, and/or Transfer Case Incidence Rate—The rate of all civilian 

injuries and illnesses resulting in days away from work, restricted work activity, and/or job 

transfer. This rate is calculated for a work site for a specified period of time (usually one year). 

Department of Defense Civilian Personnel—Includes Senior Executive Service (SES), General 

Schedule (GS), National Security Personnel System (NSPS) and federal wage system employees, 

including ANG and AFRC technicians, unless in military duty status. Includes non-appropriated 

fund employees who are not military personnel working part time; Corps of Engineers Civil 

Works employees; Youth Opportunity Program (YOP) and student assistance program 

employees; Direct-Hire Foreign-national civilians employed by the Air Force (Air Force Foreign 

Nationals [AFFN]) and Army-Air Force Exchange Service employees. 

Department of the Air Force Military Personnel—These are Air Force personnel on active 

duty with the Air Force or ANG and AFRC personnel on military duty status. Includes Air Force 

Academy cadets and Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets engaged in directed training 

activities. Includes members of other US military services serving on extended active duty with 

the Air Force or foreign-national military personnel assigned to the Air Force. 

Designated Employee Representative—An individual selected by civilian employees, either 

directly or through an exclusive representation bargaining agreement, to represent them as a 

member of the safety and environmental councils and to take part in other activities as outlined 

in this instruction. 

Evaluations—Method of appraising the effectiveness of mishap prevention program 

management. Addresses the areas of commander supervisory support, compliance with program 

directives and the effectiveness of mishap prevention programs (performance). 

Fire Hazard—A condition that can cause a fire to occur. The distinction between fire hazard 

and fire safety deficiency (FSD) is important because the documentation, reporting, and 

correction procedures differ for each. Only fire hazards are included in the Hazard Abatement 

Plan and FSDs are managed separately. 

Fire Safety Deficiency (FSD)—A condition which reduces fire safety below the acceptable 

level, including noncompliance with standards, but by itself cannot cause a fire to occur. A clear 

distinction between hazards and deficiencies may not always be possible; therefore, the judgment

114 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

and experience of qualified fire official must be relied upon. Fire safety deficiencies will not be 

assigned RAC 1, 2, or 3. 

Full-time—Individuals in primary duty safety positions. See definition for safety and health 

officials. Does not include additional duty safety personnel such as USRs and SAFSOs. 

Functional Managers—The senior operating official at all levels exercising managerial control 

of an activity or operation. This individual usually can acquire and commit resources for the 

abatement of occupational safety and health hazards. Functional managers are designated by 

MAJCOM or installation commanders. 

Hazard—A condition, procedure or practice that creates a potential for producing death, injury, 

illness, fire, property damage, equipment damage or environmental damage. 

Hazard/Deficiency Abatement— Eliminating or permanently reducing a hazard by complying 

with applicable safety requirements or taking equivalent protective measures. 

Hazard/Deficiency Severity—An assessment of the expected consequences if a hazard, if left 

unabated, results in a mishap. The Air Force defines severity by the degree of injury, illness, or 

resource damage that can result from a specific mishap. 

Hazard Reporting— A process, by which any person assigned, attached or under contract to the 

Air Force, may report a hazard. This includes any event or condition that affects aviation, 

ground, weapons or space. Hazards to be reported include unsafe procedures, conditions or 

practices. Hazards must be reported to their responsible supervisor or local agency. If the hazard 

cannot be eliminated immediately, notify the local safety office using an Form 457, USAF 

Hazard Report (HR) or by telephone or in person. 

High Interest Areas—These areas have the greatest risk to life or property damage, experienced 

repeated mishaps, or in the judgment of the safety office requires added oversight. They can also 

be work areas or operations that need additional attention or inspections because of increased 

mishap potential due to the nature of work performed, physical conditions or type of materials 

handled. 

High Risk Activities—These are activities having a higher potential for personnel injury due to 

the level of competition, speed, risk, or skills needed and requiring greater agility, stamina and 

dexterity. Some examples of high-risk activities are flying civil aircraft, hang gliding, skydiving, 

parasailing, white-water rafting, motorcycling and auto racing, scuba diving, bungee jumping 

and bronco and bull riding. NOTE: MAJCOMs can determine within the command what are 

considered high risk activities. 

Imminent Danger—Conditions or practices in a workplace which could reasonably be expected 

to cause death or severe physical harm immediately or before such dangers can be eliminated 

through normal abatement procedures. NOTE: RAC 1 hazards are classified as imminent 

danger. 

Informal Report—A report with no particular format. (e.g. spot inspection, high interest, etc.) 

Inspections—The process of determining compliance with safety and health standards through 

physical surveys of workplaces, operations, and facilities. 

Interim Control Measure—Temporary action taken to reduce the degree of risk associated with 

a hazard pending completion of an abatement project.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 115 

Job Safety Training Guide—Information placed in a specific format designed to lead 

supervisors through a series of steps or courses of action ensuring required safety training is 

provided for all employees. The JSTG is prepared by supervisors to train personnel upon initial 

assignment or when work conditions or tasks change. 

Job Safety Training Outline (JSTO)—An outline of mandatory safety training items that 

supervisors use to prepare a job safety training guide. The JSTO is used by supervisors as a 

template to prepare a Job Safety Training Guide for their specific work areas. See Attachment 5. 

Joint Activity Service Billet—An activity, operation or organization in which elements of more 

than one Military Department of the United States, as reflected in joint manpower programs 

documents, perform joint missions under auspices of OSD, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff or the commander of a combatant or combined command. 

Major Command—For the purpose of mishap prevention (MAJCOM) includes ACC, AETC, 

AFMC, AFRC, AFSPC, AFGSC, AFSOC, AMC, ANG, PACAF and USAFE. 

Military—Unique Workplaces, Operations, Equipment, and Systems— Military-Unique. 

The term military-unique refers to military and civilian operations, systems and equipment that 

are unique to the national defense mission and military services. These operations, systems and 

equipment are exempted from the scope of the OSHA Act. An example of the Air Force 

operations, systems and equipment that are unique to the national defense mission are military 

aircraft, missiles and missile sites, early warning systems, military space systems, ammunition, 

military flight operations, chemical warfare gear, associated research test and development 

activities, and actions required under emergency conditions. 

Mishap—A mishap is an unplanned occurrence, or series of occurrences, that results in damage 

or injury and meets Class A, B, C, D and E mishap reporting criteria IAW AFI 91-204. Damage 

or injury includes: damage to DoD property or equipment; environmental damage; occupational 

illness to DoD military or civilian personnel; injury to DoD military personnel on- or off-duty; 

injury to on-duty DoD civilian personnel; damage to public or private property, or injury or 

illness to non-DoD personnel caused by Air Force operations. 

National Consensus Standards—Standards published by recognized standards organizations 

such as the ANSI, NFPA, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 

Compressed Gas Association, and NIOSH. National consensus standards adopted by OSHA are 

part of OSHA standards. 

Notice of Hazard—A written warning of a condition, procedure, or practice which constitutes a 

hazard. As used in the context of this instruction, "Notice of Hazard" refers to AF Form 1118. 

Occupational Deficiency—Conditions, procedures, and practices that are in non-compliance 

with OSHA or AFOSH requirements, but do not, in themselves, create a potential for producing 

an occupational injury or illness mishap. Deficiencies may, however, create a potential for 

secondary injuries or illnesses or may contribute to the severity of an injury or illness that has 

already occurred. Example include lack of fire detection or suppression equipment and systems, 

broken smoke alarm, lack of exit signs, and railings which are two inches below standard height. 

A clear distinction between hazards and deficiencies may not always be possible; therefore, the 

judgment and experience of qualified safety, fire protection, and health personnel must be relied 

upon.

116 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Occupational Hazard—Conditions, procedures, and practices directly related to the workplace 

that can create a potential for producing occupational injuries, property or equipment damage, 

mission degradation, damage to the environment, or illnesses. 

Performance Appraisal— A systematic comparison of an employee’s performance of duties 

and responsibilities with performance standards. 

Quality Assurance Personnel— Individuals designated to perform quality assessment 

functions, and manage performance in accordance with the Performance Plan. They serve as onsite 

technical managers assessing contractor performance against contract performance 

standards. Personnel in this area have many titles, such as Quality Assurance Evaluator (QAE), 

Quality Assurance Specialist (QAS), Functional Area Evaluators (FAEs) (A&AS), and 

Contracting Officer Technical Representative (COTR). 

Quality Assurance Program Coordinator (QAPC)— Mission support group or 

AFMC/AFSPC Center-level individual, normally from the contracting activity, selected to 

coordinate and manage the Performance Management Assessment Program (Quality Assurance 

Program). 

Qualified Safety, Fire Protection, Bioenvironmental Engineering and Health Officials—Air 

Force civilian and military personnel assigned to full time positions for the respective disciplines. 

Air Force civilian personnel who meet the Office of Personnel Management standards for safety 

and occupational health manager or specialist, safety engineering technician, safety engineer, fire 

protection engineer or specialist, medical officer, health physicist, industrial hygienist, 

occupational health nurse or environmental health technician job qualification standards. Safety, 

fire protection, and health personnel with experience or up-to-date training in occupational 

safety, fire protection, and health hazard recognition and evaluation are considered as meeting 

the qualifications of safety, fire protection, and health inspectors. Air Force military personnel, 

who possess a safety, fire protection, Bioenvironmental Engineering, aerospace medicine, or 

medicine Air Force Specialty Code. Civilians (NSPS equivalent to GS) are considered fully 

qualified IAW 29 CFR 1960 and military at the Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) 7 level or can 

be a 5 level if task certified. (See 29 CFR 1960.25, Qualifications of Safety and Health 

Inspectors and Agency Inspections). 

Formal Inspection Report—A report with a particular prescribed format. (e.g. Hazard 

Abatement Plan.) 

Risk Management—The application of a systematic process or thinking to detect, assess, and 

control risk to enhance total organizational performance. 

Safe Haven—Designated area to which noncombatants of the United States Government’s 

responsibility, and commercial vehicles and material, may evacuate during a domestic or other 

valid emergency. Temporary storage provided Department of Energy classified shipment 

transporters at Department of Defense workplaces to assure the safety and security of nuclear 

material and/or non-nuclear classified material. Also includes parking for commercial vehicles 

containing Class A or Class B explosives. 

Safety—The programs, risk management activities, and organizational and cultural values 

dedicated to preventing injuries and accidental loss of human and material resources, and to 

protecting the environment from the damaging effects of DoD mishaps.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 117 

Spot Inspection—These inspections are no-notice inspections to check the day-to-day safety 

and health of an organization, work center, facility, etc. Documentation requirements for spot 

inspections are established by the MAJCOM, NAF, DRU or FOA, or safety office. Minimum 

documentation will include date, inspector’s name and their organization or office symbol, 

organization or activity inspected, a brief description of the areas, equipment or 

processes/procedures reviewed as well as observations (may also include positive findings), 

hazards or unsafe work practices, causes of deficiencies and hazards, as noted, recommendations 

for corrective action and name and phone number of responsible person. 

Standards—Safety and health standards (including emergency temporary standards) issued 

under the OSH Act of 1970. This includes national consensus standards adopted by OSHA by 

reference. 

System Safety Groups (SSGs)— Augment the program office system safety function; it is not a 

substitute or replacement. While many SSG members are not assigned to the Program Office, 

they advise the system program manager or single manager on safety matters. They act as an 

integrated product team (IPT) for system safety. The members assist the program office in 

identifying risks, assessing these risks, and recommending solutions to these risks. The SSG 

includes safety experts associated with the particular weapon system. 

System Safety Working Groups (SSWGs)— Are a subset of System Safety Groups (SSGs). 

SSWGs are usually formed when a full SSG wants to research a problem without tying-up the 

full membership. The SSG will generally form an SSWG to work a problem separately and 

report back to the SSG. An SSWG augments an SSG; it's not a substitute. 

Team Concept—A diverse group of individuals working together with complementary skills 

who are committed to a common purpose, have group goals, take an approach for which they are 

mutually accountable. 

Total Case Incidence Rate (TCIR)—A number that represents the total recordable civilian 

injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time employees, calculated for a worksite for a specified 

period of time (usually one year). 

Unit Safety Committee—Organized and maintained to monitor and assist an agency’s safety 

and health program. The committee assists in helping to maintain an open channel of 

communication between employees and management in the workplace. The committees provide 

a method by which employees can utilize their knowledge of workplace operations to assist 

management with improving policies, conditions, and practices. NOTE: The term ―team 

concept‖ is used synonymously with ―safety committee‖. 

Urgent Action Notice—Significant event notifications sent out by the Air Force Service Watch 

Center (AFSWC). These notifications are also called AFSWC notifications. 

Variance—An approved temporary or permanent change to a procedure, criterion, or rule 

prescribed in safety standards which provides the same degree of protection to personnel. 

Workplace—The physical location where work is performed for the Air Force by Air Force 

personnel or where Air Force operations take place.

118 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Attachment 2 

USAF AVIATION SAFETY EQUIPMENT DATABASE REPORTING 

A2.1. Purpose and Scope. The database will be maintained by HQ AFSC/SEFE in an 

electronic spreadsheet format and will be organized into aircraft categories of Bombers, 

Cargo/Transport, Fighter/Attack, Helicopter, Remotely Piloted Aircraft, Reconnaissance /Battle 

Management/C3I, Special Operations, Tanker, Trainer and Other. 

A2.2. Aircraft. Each aircraft model will be described to the level necessary to convey 

configuration differences. (Ex: EC-135N, KC-135R, F-16C Block 40, F-16B Block 15, etc.) 

A2.3. Inventory. The number of aircraft in this model as of the end of the fiscal year will be 

provided. If still in production, the planned production buy and current inventory as of the end of 

the fiscal year will be reported. Provide the following information for each item listed below: 

A2.3.1. The nomenclature, manufacturer and status of each equipment item for each Model 

Design Series. 

A2.3.2. If an update or procurement is in progress document the current configuration, the new 

configuration, its Initial Operational Capability (IOC) date and its expected completion date by 

Fiscal Year Quarter. 

A2.3.3. If an item is planned but not funded, do not report it. If an item is in source selection, 

report it as to be determined (TBD) and include estimated IOC and completion dates. 

A2.3.4. If an item is installed only on a portion of the fleet; identify the extent of its installation 

(e.g., 20% of fleet). 

A2.3.5. Elaboration of each data element and requests for more detailed information is provided 

in the descriptions below. For each item, provide a Point of Contact to address further questions 

or clarifications. 

A2.4. Crash Survivable Parametric Recorder (Flight Data Recorder). Report any data 

recorder specifically designed to survive an aircraft crash and provide parametric data to a 

mishap investigation (ex: LAS-209F, MU-1003, etc.). Additionally, document program’s 

current compliance with applicable Air Force requirements contained within Aircraft 

Information Programs publications (AFPD 63-14, AFI 63-1401, and AFH 63-1402). For any 

retrofit programs in progress indicate when the retrofit program commenced, the status of the 

program (number complete), and what organization is accomplishing the retrofits. 

A2.5. Crash Survivable Acoustic Recorder (Cockpit Voice Recorder). Report any acoustic 

recording device specifically designed to survive an aircraft crash and provide evidence to a 

mishap investigation (ex: A100A, VADAR, etc.). Additionally, document its compliance with 

USAF/SE requirements statement of 1997 for 2-hour recording capability and compliance with 

FAA TSO 123a. 

A2.6. Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)/Crash Position Indicator (CPI). Report any 

devices whose purpose includes alerting Search and Rescue to the location of aircraft wreckage 

and/or crew. Document compliance with FAA TSO C-126. 

A2.7. Traffic Alerting and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Identify the generation of 

the TCAS system (TCAS I, TCAS II, ETCAS, V7.0 ACAS) or transponder only mode. Also, 

identify any Automatic Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 119 

A2.8. Global Positioning System (GPS). Identify either stand-alone receiver or integrated GPS 

capability. If integrated into a navigation/avionics suite then provide information of next higherlevel 

assembly. 

A2.9. Ground Collision/Proximity Warning Systems (GPWS). Identify the generation of the 

GPWS system (First, Second, Third, Fourth, EGPWS, TAWS) and Class (Class A, B, C). If an 

additional function of another device then provide information about the device that generates 

the warning. (Ex: Flight Control Computer). Document compliance with USAF/XO 

Memorandum, Implementation of AF Navigation and Safety Master Plan and Policy 

Clarification for GPWS, ADF, and GPS Navigation Systems, 13 March 1997 and FAA TSO 

C151b. 

A2.10. Ground Collision Avoidance System (GCAS). For Bomber, Fighter/Attack and 

Special Operations aircraft, identify any type of GCAS equipment, or if an additional function of 

another device, then provide information about the device that generates the warning or pull-up 

command (ex: GCAS, AGCAS, TFR, TAR). 

A2.11. Windshear Detection System (WSD). If an additional function of another device then 

provide information about the device that provides detection (ex: FSAS, MARK VII GPWS, 

etc). 

A2.12. Other Electronic Storage Devices. Identify any other devices that if they survive a 

mishap, contain recorded information that could be of use to a mishap investigation. Examples 

could be a central computer that stores information on system faults, Head-Up-Display tapes, 

Multi-Function Display tapes, Quick Access Recorders, Signal Acquisition Units or a structural 

life usage recorder.

120 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Attachment 3 

HAZARDOUS AIR TRAFFIC REPORT PROGRAM 

A3.1. General. Hazard air traffic report information is vital to Air Force flight safety. This 

attachment establishes procedures for reporting and investigating near midair collisions (NMAC) 

and other hazardous air traffic conditions. Report all HATR incidents using the AF Form 651, 

Hazardous Air Traffic Report (HATR). Use of information taken from these reports is for mishap 

prevention only and not for disciplinary actions. HATR information is not privileged information 

and is releasable outside Air Force channels except for the identity of the personnel involved. 

A3.2. Reportable Incidents. 

A3.2.1. NMAC. Aircrew took abrupt evasive action to avoid a collision or would have taken 

evasive action if circumstances allowed. NOTE: In many cases, the term AIRMISS is the 

terminology used for European incidents. 

A3.2.2. Air Traffic Control (ATC). Any ATC service that did or could contribute to a 

hazardous air traffic condition. Example: Failure by ATC to maintain required separation 

between aircraft under their control. 

A3.2.3. Aircrew Deviation. Any aircrew actions that did or could contribute to a hazardous 

air traffic condition. 

A3.2.4. Communication or Navigational Aid (NAVAID). An equipment indication/ 

malfunction that did or could contribute to a hazardous air traffic condition. 

A3.2.5. Procedural Guidance. Procedures described in any publication or directive that did 

or could contribute to a hazardous air traffic condition. 

A3.2.6. Ground Incidents. Any occurrence on the movement area that endangered an 

airborne aircraft or an aircraft operating on the ground. 

A3.2.7. TCAS Resolution Advisories (RA). TCAS RAs (involving USAF aircraft/RPA) that 

require the aircraft/RPA to deviate from an assigned clearance. This includes USAF 

aircraft/RPA triggering TCAS RA aboard civil or other DoD aircraft. 

A3.3. Responsibilities of the Unit Commander. Unit commanders will ensure AF Form 651 is 

available to aircrews at base operations workplaces, flying squadron operations offices, in trip 

kits and in USAF ATC workplaces. Commanders must emphasize the importance of identifying 

hazardous situations through the HATR program and encourage the filing of appropriate HATRs 

as a method of preventing future mishaps. 

A3.4. Responsibility of the Individual Filing the HATR. Any person (e.g., air traffic 

controller, pilot, safety officer, etc.) aware that a reportable event occurred shall file a HATR. 

Report the details on AF Form 651 in the following manner. 

A3.4.1. If the individual is at the Air Force base where the incident occurred, file the report 

within 24 hours to the base safety office. 

A3.4.2. If the incident occurred at another location (other than home station); report the 

incident to Air Force safety personnel at the nearest Air Force safety office or the next 

landing location with an Air Force safety office.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 121 

A3.4.3. If an aircrew experiences a NMAC, and circumstances permit, immediately (e.g., 

while airborne) inform the nearest ATC agency, civil aviation authority (CAA) for overseas 

incidents, or flight service station and provide the following information: 

A3.4.3.1. Identification or call sign. 

A3.4.3.2. Time and place (name of NAVAID, radial and distance, and latitude/longitude 

coordinates if available) of incident. 

A3.4.3.3. Altitude or flight level. 

A3.4.3.4. Description of other aircraft in the incident. 

A3.4.3.5. Advise the controlling agency a written NMAC report will be filed and request 

that all available data be saved. 

NOTE: Aircrews, who experience a NMAC under FAA control, should request that facility to 

initiate a FAA NMAC report. 

A3.5. Responsibilities of the Safety Office Receiving a HATR. Within 24 hours after 

notification of the incident, the safety office receiving the HATR determines which safety office 

is responsible for the investigation. Fax the AF Form 651 to the appropriate safety office. Follow 

this order of priority: 

A3.5.1. If applicable complies with host nation agreements. 

A3.5.2. If foreign ATC or aircraft are involved, the overseas MAJCOM. 

A3.5.3. Nearest Air Force safety office or the next landing location with an Air Force safety 

office. 

A3.5.4. If none, originator’s home station. 

A3.6. Responsibilities of the Investigating Safety Office. The investigating safety office will: 

A3.6.1. Determine if the reported event merits a HATR. Notify the individual or unit that 

filed the HATR of this determination and the pending actions. 

A3.6.2. If the incident is reportable, report the incident in HATR Safety Automated System 

database. 

A3.6.3. Determine which organizations were involved and request that office’s assistance 

with the investigation. Notify: 

A3.6.3.1. The base Airfield Operations Flight Commander, or equivalent, if Air Force 

ATC were suspected to be involved. NOTE: Obtain ATC recordings needed for HATR 

investigations as quickly as possible, ATC recordings are routinely retained for only 15 

days. The base Communications Commander if NAVAIDs were suspected to be 

involved. 

A3.6.3.2. The flying unit if local base aircraft were involved. If transient aircraft were 

involved, notify the pilot’s unit of assignment. 

A3.6.3.3. The FAA facility or FSDO if FAA ATC or civil aircraft were involved. 

NOTE: Contact the FAA Air Force Representative (AFREP) for help in notifying the 

proper facility or FSDO. See Table A3.1 to determine which AFREP to contact. Include

122 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

the AFREP in these investigations, especially if you are having difficulty getting 

information from the FAA. 

A3.6.4. Complete the HATR AFSAS preliminary or a preliminary/final report within 10 

workdays. If the investigation is not completed within 10 working days, submit a 

supplemental report every 30 days. Continue the supplemental report until the investigation 

is closed and a final report is complete. 

A3.6.5. Notify the originator’s unit and MAJCOM, if required, about corrective actions that 

the safety office has taken or recommends. 

A3.7. Responsibilities of the AFREP at FAA Regional Offices. Review all HATRs and 

provide assistance when requested. 

A3.8. Responsibilities of the MAJCOM OPR for Safety. MAJCOM OPR for Safety will: 

A3.8.1. Receive and evaluate all HATRs for their command to ensure proper conclusions 

and resolutions. Coordinate with appropriate MAJCOM functional OPRs (e.g., airfield 

operations, civil engineering) to ensure comprehensive review is accomplished. 

A3.8.2. Inform AFSC/SEFO for HATRs of non-concurrence with corrective actions taken or 

recommended on all HATRs. 

A3.9. Responsibilities of the Air Force Flight Standards Agency OPR for Airfield 

Operations. Receive and evaluate all HATRs for trends and concerns that may have Air Forcewide 

implications. Act as appropriate to establish procedures, clarify guidance and disseminate 

trend information. 

A3.10. Responsibilities of AFSC/SEFO for HATRs. 

A3.10.1. Administer the program and ensure the safety offices fully investigate the reports. 

A3.10.2. Send host nation HATR reports to appropriate CAA for investigation and 

resolution of the incident. 

A3.10.3. Initiate inquiry for overseas HATR incidents occurring outside the control of 

overseas MAJCOMs. 

Table A3.1. FAA AFREP AND REGIONAL BOUNDARIES BY STATE. 

MAILING ADRESS TEL NUMBERS AOR 

FAA HEADQUARTERS 

DOD Military Representative / AJR-01 

HQ Federal Aviation Administration 

800 Independence Ave, SW 

Washington, DC 20591 

ALASKA 

V (202) 267-9427 

V DSN 325-6270 

F (202) 267-5868 

National/International

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 123 

AF Rep, FAA Alaskan Rgn 

5800 G. St., Suite 222 

Elmendorf AFB, AK 

99506-2130 

EASTERN SERVICE AREA 

AF Rep, FAA Southern Rgn/ ASO-910 

P.O. Box 20636 

Atlanta, GA 30320-5000 

CENTRAL SERVICE AREA 

AF Rep, FAA Southwest Rgn/ ASW-910 

2601 Meacham Blvd 

Fort Worth, TX 76193-0910 

WESTERN SERVICE AREA 

AF Rep, FAA Northwest Mtn Rgn/ANM-900 

1601 Lind Ave, S.W. 

Renton, WA 98057-4056 

V (907) 552-4056 

V DSN 317-552-2374 

F (907) 552-5715 

F DSN 317-552-5715 

V (404) 305-6900/2 

V DSN 797-5481/2 

F (404) 305-6911 

V (817) 222- 

5910/1/2/3 

V DSN 477-2910/1/2/3 

F (817) 222-5992 

F DSN 477-2992 

V (425) 227-2947/8/9 

V DSN 984-5204 

F (206)227-1114 

AK, Anchorage Flt 

Information Region (FIR) 

AL, CT, DE, FL, GA, KY, 

MA, MD, ME, MS, NC, NH, 

NJ, NY, PA, PM, PR, RI, SC, 

Swan Is, TN, VA, Virgin Is, 

VT, WV 

AR, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MI, 

MN, MO, ND, NE, NM, 

OH, OK, SD, TX, WI 

AZ, CA,CO, Guam FIR, HI, 

Honolulu FIR, ID, MT, NV, 

OR, WA, VY, UT

124 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Attachment 4 

MISHAP RESPONSE 

A4.1. General. Pre-mishap response planning by safety staffs must address appropriate 

participation in all base-level responses, including: 

A4.1.1. Major mishaps. 

A4.1.2. Hazardous materials mishaps. 

A4.1.3. Natural disasters. 

A4.1.4. Nuclear weapons mishaps. 

A4.1.5. Conventional munitions incidents. 

A4.1.6. Directed Energy Weapons mishaps 

A4.2. The basic response planning document for Major Accident Response, Natural Disasters, 

Enemy Attack, and Distribution is AFI 10-2501, Air Force Emergency Management Program 

Planning and Operations. 

A4.3. Planning Factors. Use the following in developing your Comprehensive Emergency 

Management Plan (CEMP) for all accidents, incidents and unusual occurrences: AFI 10-2501. 

A4.4. Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The EOC responds to peacetime major 

accidents and natural disasters to provide on-scene command and control of Air Force military 

resources and functional expertise. The EOC and its members will meet the requirements in AFI 

10-2501. 

NOTE: Ideally, the safety representative to the EOC should not be responsible for assembling 

the interim safety board (ISB). 

A4.5. Source Documents for Specific Planning Criteria. The primary source of detailed 

planning guidance for safety staffs is AFPAM 91-211, USAF Guide to Aviation Safety 

Investigation. The former contains a ―Mishap Response Checklist‖ for EOC safety representative 

and guidance for developing a unit control center checklist; the latter describes specialized 

equipment requirements and an expanded set of tasks for interim safety board members. 

A4.6. Safety Response to Other than Major Peacetime Accidents. Some mishaps may not 

warrant a full activation of the Disaster Response Force (DRF). However, the safety staff may 

need some EOC elements to support investigation of these less severe incidents, such as Combat 

Camera or Civil Engineering Specialists. Each safety staff should consult with their supporting 

base readiness flight (disaster preparedness function) to determine how to formally provide for 

partial EOC support when the full DRF is not activated. 

A4.7. Munitions Rapid Response Team. The 84th Combat Sustainment Wing has developed a 

conventional munitions rapid response team to support Air Force units throughout the world 

anytime a munitions incident occurs. The team is made up of experts (engineers, equipment 

specialists, program managers, and safety personnel) from the conventional weapons and 

munitions programs. These personnel are able to travel anywhere in the world within 24 to 48 

hours to assist in determining the cause of a failure. If your MAJCOM or unit has an incident, 

and this team’s help is desired, contact 84 th Combat Sustainment Wing to request support by

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 125 

calling DSN 777-5055, or 775-5506 during duty hours. If after duty hours contact Hill AFB 

Command Post at DSN 777-3007 or Commercial (801) 775-3007.

126 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Attachment 5 

JOB SAFETY TRAINING OUTLINE (JSTO) 

A5.1. Mandatory items that will be briefed to all personnel. This Job Safety Training 

Outline will be used to develop a job safety training guide from which all individuals within the 

work center will be trained. This JSTO lists mandatory items that will be briefed to all personnel. 

The following areas will be discussed in detail by the immediate supervisor with all employees 

upon initial assignment prior to starting work or when work conditions or tasks change. 

Document training on the AF Form 55 or equivalent. Deployed and installation commanders 

may dictate more stringent requirements. 

A5.1.1. Hazards of the job and specific safety guidance that applies to their workplace. 

A5.1.2. Hazards of the work area environment to include awareness of the Hazard 

Communication Program requirement (―Employee’s Right to Know‖). 

A5.1.3. Proper personal lifting techniques—AFOSH Standard 91-501. 

A5.1.4. Location of medical facilities and procedures for obtaining treatment. 

A5.1.5. Location and use, as appropriate, of emergency and fire protection equipment. 

A5.1.6. Emergency procedures that apply to the workplace, including evacuation, fire 

reporting, emergency numbers, alarm and extinguisher location(s). 

A5.1.7. Requirements and procedures for reporting mishaps, occupational injury and 

occupational illness. 

A5.1.8. Reporting unsafe equipment, conditions or procedures to supervisor immediately. 

A5.1.9. Requirements of Air Force Traffic Safety Program, including mandatory use of seat 

belts and helmets, speed limits, local traffic hazards, personal risk management and cell 

phone prohibition while operating a GMV or PMV on base. If applicable, discuss motorcycle 

safety training requirements before riding a motorcycle. 

A5.1.10. Purpose and location of AF Form 457, USAF Hazard Report. 

A5.1.11. Location and content of Air Force Visual Aid (AFVA) 91-307, Air Force 

Occupational Safety and Health Program. 

A5.1.12. Purpose of the AF Form 1118, Notice of Hazard. 

A5.1.13. Risk management awareness training. 

A5.1.14. CA 10, What a Federal Employee Should do When Injured at Work 

A5.1.15. Fire Extinguisher Use. Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-501 and 29 CFR 1910.157. 

A5.1.16. Fetal Protection Program Awareness. Reference: AFI 48-145, Occupational and 

Environmental Health Program. 

A5.2. Job Specific Training Items. To be accomplished as required based on job tasks and 

documented prior to employee performing task. Supervisors will select specific training subjects 

based on the needs of the job and provide application-level training. NOTE: Subjects listed

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 127 

below may not be mandatory for every job but dependent upon the type job/tasks individuals will 

be performing. 

A5.2.1. Personal Protective Equipment (use, location, fit, care, limitations). Reference: 29 

CFR 1910.132, AFOSH Standard 91-501, and other directives. 

A5.2.2. Hazardous Energy Control (Lockout/Tagout). Reference: 29 CFR 1910.147 and 

AFOSH Standard 91-501. 

A5.2.3. Hazardous Communication. Reference: AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication, and 

29 CFR 1910.1200. 

A5.2.4. Bloodborne Pathogens. Reference: 29 CFR 1910.1030. 

A5.2.5. Hearing Conservation. Reference: AFOSH Standard 48-20, Occupational Noise and 

Hearing Conservation Program. 

A5.2.6. Confined Space Program (Entrant, Attendant, Supervisor, Monitor and Rescue 

Team). Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-25, Confined Spaces, and 29 CFR 1910.146. 

A5.2.7. Manual and Powered Hoist. Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-501 or current AFOSH 

guidance. 

A5.2.8. Respiratory Protection Program. Use AF FORM 2767, Occupational Health 

Training and Protective Equipment Fit Testing (LRA). Reference: AFOSH Standard 48-137, 

Respiratory Protection Program. 

A5.2.9. Vehicle Mounted Elevated Work Platforms, Self-Propelled and Manual Platforms. 

Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-501. 

A5.2.10. Fall Arrest System(s). Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-501, 29 CFR 1910.66 and 

29 CFR 1926.503. 

A5.2.11. Forklift (Material Handling Equipment). Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-46, 

Materials Handling and Storage Equipment, or current AFOSH guidance, and 29 CFR 

1910.178. 

A5.2.12. Explosives Safety Training. Reference: AFMAN 91-201 and this instruction. 

A5.2.13. Pole/Tower Climbing. Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-50, Communication Cable, 

Antenna and Communication Electronic (CE) Systems, or current AFOSH guidance. 

A5.2.14. Wearing Jewelry in the workplace. Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-501 and 

applicable technical orders. 

A5.2.15. Portable and fixed ladder safety. Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-501. 

A5.2.16. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training. Reference: AFOSH Standard 91- 

501. 

A5.2.17. Flight Line Driving. Reference: AFOSH Standard 91-100, or current AFOSH 

guidance, and other governing directives. 

A5.2.18. Fetal Protection Program. Job Specific. Reference: AFI 48-145. 

A5.3. Documentation of Training. AF Form 55 or equivalent information technology system 

will be used. See Chapter 2.

128 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

A5.4. Maintenance and Disposition of AF Form 55 or Equivalent Product. Maintain as 

prescribed by the records disposition schedule 

(https://www.my.af.mil/afrims/afrims/afrims/rims.cfm) Table & Rule: T 91 - 04 R 24.00 or T 

91 - 04 R 25.00. Supervisors will maintain the AF Form 55 or equivalent product. When an 

individual deploys/transfers to another Air Force position/location, the AF Form 55 or equivalent 

product will be hand carried to the new supervisor by the individual. The new supervisor will 

review the AF Form 55 or equivalent product, transfer current training completion dates as 

necessary and initial HAZCOM date and other one time training to a new AF Form 55 or 

equivalent product if necessary and retain the old form IAW the Air Force Records Disposition 

Schedule. The supervisor will destroy the AF Form 55 one (1) year after personnel are separated 

or retired.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 129 

Attachment 6 

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) 

A6.1. Sequence Of Basic Steps: Break the task down into its basic steps. For example, what is 

done first, what is done next? You can do this by: (1) observing the task, (2) discussing it with 

workers, (3) using your experience and knowledge of the task, or (4) a combination of all three. 

Record the steps in the task in their normal order of occurrence. Describe what is done; not the 

details or how it is done. Three or four words are normally enough to describe each task step. 

A6.2. Potential Mishap Causes Or Hazards: For each task step, ask yourself what mishap 

could happen to workers performing the task and what the probability would be of the mishap 

occurring. Get the answers by: (1) observing the task, (2) discussing the task with workers 

and/or (3) using ―lessons learned‖ from other mishaps. Ask the questions: 

A6.2.1. Can workers be struck by or contacted by anything? 

A6.2.2. Can they strike against or be exposed to any item that can cause injury? 

A6.2.3. Can they be caught in or between anything? 

A6.2.4. Can they fall? 

A6.2.5. Can they overexert themselves? 

A6.2.6. Are they required to do repetitive lifting or heavy lifting? 

A6.2.7. Are there potential hazards such as chemical substances, physical agents (including 

noise, ergonomic and thermal stress), ionizing and non-ionizing radiation or biological 

exposures? 

A6.3. Recommended Safe Task Procedure: For each potential mishap cause or hazard 

identified, consider the following questions: 

A6.3.1. How should workers perform the task step to avoid the mishap or eliminate the 

potential hazard? 

A6.3.2. What can be done to eliminate or mitigate the hazard by redesigning the work area 

or equipment? 

A6.3.3. How can the procedure be modified to eliminate the hazard? NOTE: Be sure to 

describe in detail the precautions workers must take and ensure that these steps are placed in 

the task procedure or checklist. Take special care to ensure important steps or details are not 

inadvertently omitted from the task and that guidance is clear, specific and easily understood 

by workers. 

A6.1. JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (Worksheet). 

JOB: _________________________________________ DATE: ___________________ 

WORKCENTER: _______________________________ SUPERVISOR: _____________ 

TITLE OF WORKER WHO PERFORMS TASK: ________________________________ 

REQUIRED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): _____________________ 

ANALYSIS BY: ______________________ REVIEWED BY: ______________________ 

1. SEQUENCE OF BASIC 2. POTENTIAL HAZARDS 3. RECOMMENDED

130 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

STEPS: OR MISHAP CAUSES: PROCEDURES OR 

ACTIONS:

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 131 

Attachment 7 

RISK ASSESMENT CODES (RAC) 

A.7.1. Risk Assessment Codes are tools used by Fire, Safety and Health staffs and Commanders 

to prioritize the abatement plans and mitigate hazards. It may not be possible to assign a RAC to 

every hazard or circumstance and the lack of a RAC should not dissuade efforts to mitigate risks. 

A.7.1.1. This instruction describes the basic RAC codes and provides some guidelines for 

assigning priorities based on cost, effectiveness and exposure. The discipline specific chapters 

also provide additional guidance for assessing the risks of the applicable hazards. 

A.7.1.2. Risk Assessment Codes. Qualified safety, fire protection, and health personnel evaluate 

each safety hazard/deficiency and assign a RAC (Table A7.1.) to hazards/deficiencies. 

Determine the RAC by plotting the probability (A, B, C, or D) that a mishap will occur and the 

potential mishap severity (I, II, III, or IV) if it does happen. 

Table A7.1. Risk Assessment Code Matrix. 

Severity Mishap Probability 

A B C D 

I 1 1 2 3 

II 1 2 3 4 

III 2 3 4 5 

IV 3 4 5 5 

A.7.1.3. Mishap Probability 

Code Description 

A Likely to occur in time 

B Probably will occur in time 

C Possible to occur in time 

D Unlikely to occur 

A.7.1.4. Hazard Severity (Direct correlation to Mishap Classes as described in AFI 91-204) 


I Death, permanent total disability or loss of a facility or asset of $2,000,000 or more 

II Permanent partial disability, temporary disability in excess of 3 months or major damage 

of $500,000 up to $2,000,000 

III Lost workday injury or compensable injury or minor property damage $50,000 up to 

$500,000 

IV Minimal threat to personnel or property, first-aid, minor supportive medical treatment, 

violation of a standard or damage less than $50,000 

A.7.1.5. RAC Descriptor 


1 Imminent 

2 Serious 

3 Moderate

132 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

4 Minor 

5 Negligible 

A.7.1.6. Commanders will consider this RAC system when determining which 

hazards/deficiencies warrant the expenditure of limited resources. 

A.7.1.7. Assigned RACs will remain until completely abated even though interim control 

measures are in effect.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 133 

Attachment 8 

ABATEMENT PRIORITY NUMBER 

A8.1. The abatement priority number (APN) is a two-part code: the RAC and the cost 

effectiveness index (CEI). CEI measures cost effectiveness of a hazard abatement project and 

represents a ratio of the project cost and its potential effectiveness. The APN will be used to 

determine the relative priority of abatement actions. Use the APN in establishing funding 

priorities for hazard abatement projects during the budgetary cycle. Compute APN: 

A8.1.1. Step 1. Determine RAC from Table A7.1, based on mishap severity and probability 

of occurrence. 

A8.1.2. Step 2. Determine the severity probability multiplier (M) from the matrix in Table 

A8.1, using the same severity and probability used to determine the RAC. 

Severity Mishap Probability 

A B C D 

I 188 53 21 7 

II 53 21 7 2 

III 21 7 2 1 

IV 7 2 1 0.26 

Probability Multiplier Matrix. 

NOTE: The multipliers in table represent a proportional distribution of the severity and 

frequency of mishaps. 

A8.1.3. Step 3. Determine exposure (E), or the average number of personnel exposed daily to 

the hazard during the course of the year. 

Tab 

le 

A8. 

1. 

Sev 

erit 

y 

and 

A8.1.4. Step 4. Determine the total abatement project cost (C). If actual costs are not known, 

use best available estimate. 

A8.1.5. Step 5. Compute the CEI by dividing the C for abatement by the product of M and 

E, or CEI = C/ (M) (E). 

A8.1.6. Step 6. Determine APN by listing the RAC followed by the CEI in parenthesis, or 

APN = RAC (CEI). 

A8.1.7. Step 7. Determine relative priority of abatement projects by comparing the CEI of 

projects within identical RACs. NOTE: The lower the CEI, the higher its relative priority 

within the same RAC. 

A8.2. To use APNs to establish a priority list of projects, follow these steps: 

A8.2.1. Step 1. Determine RAC. Assumptions: Given a hazard that will probably occur in 

time (Probability B) and would result in a permanent partial disabling injury (Severity II) if it 

resulted in a mishap. Therefore, the assigned RAC from Table A8.1 would be 2. 

A8.2.2. Step 2. Determine multiplier (M). Plot mishap probability (B) versus hazard severity 

(II) on Table A7.1 to obtain a multiplier of 21.

134 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Table 

A8.2.3. Step 3. Determine exposure (E). Assumption: The functional manager or supervisor 

determined that on an average day 25 people are exposed to the hazard. 

A8.2.4. Step 4. Determine the total cost of project (C). Assumption: The total cost of the 

project to abate the hazard as provided to the functional manager by Civil Engineering is 

$2,100. 

A8.2.5. Step 5. Determine CEI. CEI = C/ (M) (E); (M) (E) = 21x25, therefore CEI = 2100/ 

(21) (25) = 4. 

A8.2.6. Step 6. Determine APN. APN will be (RAC) (CEI) = (2) (4). 

A8.2.7. Step 7. Determine relative priority. The APN will now be used to prioritize this 

project in relation to other RAC 2s for which APNs have been computed. A hypothetical 

priority listing containing this project is shown in table A8.2. 

RAC CEI APN Priority 

1 (3) 1(3) 1 

1 (113) 1(113) 2 

2 (4) 2(4) 3 

2 (15) 2(15) 4 

3 (96) 3(96) 5 

3 (11) 3(11) 6 

A8.2. Abatement Priority Number Index. 

NOTE: The APN system is not used to compare projects of two different RACs.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 135 

Attachment 9 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING AF FORM 1118, NOTICE OF HAZARD 

A9.1. AF Form 1118. Qualified safety, fire protection, and health (Bioenvironmental 

Engineering, PH, flight surgeon and (or) occupational medicine physician) officials are the sole 

issuing authorities for AF Form 1118. 

A9.2. Control Number. The control number for the AF Form 1118 will be the agency code (S, 

F, H), date of hazard identification, and sequential number (Example: S-20061201-1). The 

numbering system will coincide with the corresponding Hazard Abatement Plan (AF Form 3). 

A9.3. Location. Note the building number, room number and function involved where the 

hazard is located, and nomenclature of the hazardous item or procedure (Example: Building 18, 

Room 217, Civil Engineering Carpenter Shop, Table Saw). 

A9.4. Hazardous Condition. Describe in detail the nature of the hazard, including a reference 

to the standard or requirement violated, if any. 

A9.5. Risk Assessment Code. List RAC, followed by RAC description. (Example: "1 

[Imminent Danger].") 

A9.6. Interim Control Measures. Identify temporary measures needed to reduce the degree of 

risk associated with the hazard to an "acceptable degree‖ until permanent corrective actions are 

implemented. Assigned RAC code will remain until completely abated even though interim 

control measures are in effect. 

A9.7. Permanent Corrective Action. List the action that will permanently eliminate the 

identified hazard. Include associated document number. Examples: Install new exhaust system; 

CE work order and project number. 

A9.8. Contact Point. Name, grade, office symbol and telephone number of individual 

responsible for elimination of the hazard. 

A9.9. Estimated Completion Date. Self-explanatory.

136 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Attachment 10 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING AF FORM 3, HAZARD ABATEMENT PLAN 

A10.1. The AF Form 3 is the instrument by which an identified RAC 1, 2, or 3 hazard requiring 

more than 30 calendar days to abate is entered into the installation’s formal hazard abatement 

plan. This does not prevent its use for RAC 4 or 5 hazards or deficiencies. The Automated 

Hazard Abatement System may also be used. 

A10.2. Prepare AF Form 3s in an original and two copies. 

A10.3. Prepare a separate AF Form 3s for each individual hazard. 

A10.4. The functional manager initiates AF Form 3s by completing Parts I and II in as much 

detail as possible and sends it to the installation safety, fire protection or health office: 

A10.4.1. Top of Form, Heading Blocks: 

A10.4.1.1. Type of Action. Indicate whether the action is a safety hazard. Indicate 

whether this is an initial input of a recently identified hazard, a revision of a previously 

submitted AF Form 3s, or a record of a completed hazard abatement action. 

A10.4.1.2. Date. Self-explanatory. 

A10.4.1.3. To: Address AF Form 3s to the installation agency (safety, fire protection or 

health) having oversight responsibility concerning the hazard. Include organization, 

office symbol and installation. 

A10.4.1.4. From: Enter functional manager's organization, office symbol and 

installation. 

A10.4.1.5. Point of Contact. Enter the name, organization, office symbol and phone 

number of the workplace supervisor where the hazard is located. 

A10.4.2. Part I—Hazard Information: 

A10.4.2.1. Item 1 (Control Number). Note that the control number is issued by the 

installation agency (safety, fire, or health) responsible for monitoring the hazard. NOTE: 

The functional manager will leave this blank for a new input unless an AF Form 1118 has 

been posted. The control numbers on the AF Form 3 and AF Form 1118 for the same 

hazard will be identical. 

A10.4.2.2. Item 2 (RAC). Enter RAC 1, 2, or 3 as provided by safety, fire protection or 

Bioenvironmental Engineering officials. 

A10.4.2.3. Item 3 (Category). Self-explanatory. 

A10.4.2.4. Item 4 (Discovery). Give date and method by which the hazard was originally 

identified. For ―inspection‖ designate type, such as, self, unit or OSHA. Include hazard 

report numbers, suggestion numbers and other such data for cross-reference. 

A10.4.2.5. Item 5 through 8 (Location). Self-explanatory. 

A10.4.2.6. Item 9 (Standard Violated). Note that this can include safety, fire protection 

or health requirements of AFOSH, national consensus standards, OSHA standards, 

regulations or TOs.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 137 

A10.4.2.7. Item 10 (Exposure). Enter the average number of personnel exposed to the 

hazard daily. 

A10.4.2.8. Item 11 (Description). Give a word description of the hazard to illustrate its 

potential impact if not abated. 

A10.4.3. Part II—Abatement Information: 

A10.4.3.1. Item 12 (Description). Give a description of the permanent abatement action 

taken or programmed to eliminate or reduce the hazard. 

A10.4.3.2. Item 13 (Method). List the work method or avenue by which the hazard is to 

be abated. Examples include self-help, civil engineering work order, contract and local 

purchase. 

A10.4.3.3. Item 14 (Project Number). Include document numbers associated with work 

requests, work orders, job orders, or projects. Also include supply requisitions and 

maintenance work orders. 

A10.4.3.4. Item 15 (Completion Date). If programmed in current fiscal year (FY), 

provide month and year. If programmed in future FY, indicate FY. If abatement has been 

completed, indicate actual completion date. 

A10.4.3.5. Item 16 (Cost). Indicate whether estimated for unabated hazards or 

deficiencies or actual for completed abatement actions. 

A10.4.3.6. Item 16a (Project Cost). Indicate total cost associated with project identified 

in item 14. 

A10.4.3.7. Item 16b (Abatement Cost). If the cost to abate the hazard is not the total cost 

of the project, enter only the cost associated with correction of the hazard. For example, a 

$500,000 facility renovation project will correct hazardous electrical wiring estimated to 

cost $25,000. Item 16a would show $500,000 while item 16b would show $25,000. 

A10.4.3.8. Item 17 (Status). Indicate status of project identified in item 14; include major 

milestones, reasons for delay, percent complete. Other examples include ―in design,‖ ―in 

procurement,‖ ―under construction,‖ ―awaiting materials,‖ and ―closed.‖ 

A10.4.3.9. Item 18 (Interim Control Measures). List temporary measures taken to reduce 

the risk associated with the hazard pending completion of permanent abatement action. 

Examples include issuance of personal protective equipment (specify type), termination 

of operations and work around procedures (specify). 

A10.4.3.10. Items 19 through 21. (Functional Manager; Signature; Date). Selfexplanatory. 

A10.4.3.11. Item 22 (Review Record). Use this area for functional manager and 

commander reviews. 

A10.4.4. The qualified safety, fire protection or health official assigns a control number for 

new inputs and completes items 23 through 32 of AF Form 3 based on information furnished 

by the functional manager in Parts I and II. Once signed and completed retain one copy and 

send the second copy to the installation safety office to be included in the installation master 

hazard abatement plan.

138 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

A10.4.4.1. Item 23 (Severity). See paragraph A7.1.4 

A10.4.4.2. Item 24 (Probability). See paragraph A7.1.3 

A10.4.4.3. Item 25 (Severity and Probability Multiplier). See Table A8.1 

A10.4.4.4. Item 26 (Exposure). State the average number of personnel exposed daily to 

the hazard (from item 10). 

A10.4.4.5. Item 27 (Project Cost). Estimated cost from item 16a. 

A10.4.4.6. Item 28 Risk Assessment Codes (RAC). RACs include items 23 and 24 as 

well as the RAC descriptor of 1, 2 or 3. 

A10.4.4.7. Item 29 Cost Effectiveness Index (CEI). NOTE: The CEI equals total cost 

(item 27) divided by the product of the multiplier (item 25) and the exposure (item 26). 

A10.4.4.8. Item 30 through 32. (Qualified Official; Signature; Date). Self-explanatory. 

These items will be completed on each hazard abatement plan. When the form indicates 

completed abatement actions (as marked in the ―Type of Action‖ block), the fully 

qualified safety, fire protection or health official’s signature in item 31 indicates 

certification of completed abatement actions. Certification in this particular instance 

means the appropriate official has performed a site visit to verify that the hazard has been 

fully abated.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 139 

Attachment 11 

PRE-DEPARTURE SAFETY BRIEFING GUIDE (EXAMPLES ONLY) 

A11.1. Purpose. Help military and civilian employees on orders, especially those under the age 

of 26, reduce the potential for a traffic mishap by identifying and mitigating risks involving 

travel by private motor vehicle for leave, PCS and temporary duty assignments. 

A11.2. Overview. Commanders, managers and supervisors will help guide and mentor 

employees in applying personal risk management when planning for a trip. Consider the 

following factors to guide the discussion on assessing risk and identifying mitigating strategies, 

but also consider and address other factors based on the unique nature of each situation. This 

interactive briefing may be documented on AF Form 4392, Pre-Departure Safety Briefing Form. 

A11.2.1. Urge the driver to carefully and thoroughly plan the trip, allowing time for rest 

prior to departure and to take a break at least every two hours. 

A11.2.2. Travelers are not to drive more than 10 hours during any 24-hour period. 

Motorcyclists are highly encouraged to travel fewer hours. Highly recommend that travelers 

get a good night’s sleep (7-8 hours) while traveling. 

A11.2.3. Airmen must ensure they have sufficient funds available to cover expenses (a 

shortage of funds often leads to exhausting, marathon driving). 

A11.2.4. Travelers must check the weather forecast for the intended route of travel. 

A11.2.5. Discourage driving during late night hours. Remind the traveler that there is a 

greater chance to encounter impaired (intoxicated, fatigued) drivers on the road at night than 

during the day. 

A11.2.6. Stress the value of occupant restraint devices (mandatory for military personnel), 

including child restraints and the use of helmets and personal protective equipment by 

motorcyclists; review the hazard of reduced visibility due to factors such as darkness, 

weather, sun glare; and touch on the issue of being alert for road hazards such as animals 

crossing the roadway, stalled or slow-moving vehicles, and so forth. 

A11.2.7. Stress the importance of vehicle condition — vehicle defects also contribute to 

mishaps. 

A11.2.8. Discuss the main causes of injury and death by vehicle mishaps in the Air Force, 

which include speeding or excessive speed for conditions, fatigue, inattention or distraction, 

not wearing seatbelts and the effects of medication and alcohol. 

A11.3. Additional Information. Advise the member to contact their unit commander, first 

sergeant, flight commander, immediate supervisor or command post in the event of a mishap or 

if an emergency situation arises. Ensure the individual is provided the phone numbers of the 

points of contact. 

A11.4. DELETE. 

A11.5. DELETE.

140 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Attachment 12 

AIR FORCE OFF-DUTY HIGH-RISK ACTIVITIES PROGRAM 

A12.1. Purpose. The Off-duty High Risk Activity (HRA) Program is a recommended 

management tool for commanders and supervisors. The intent of the program is to ensure 

participants are familiar with the hazards and injury potential associated with their particular 

activity. This program is intended for military personnel only. 

A12.2. High-Risk Activities. These are activities having a higher potential for personal injury 

due to the level of competition, speed, risk or skills needed and requiring greater agility, stamina 

and dexterity. Some examples of high-risk activities are flying civil aircraft, hang gliding, 

skydiving, parasailing, white-water rafting, motorcycle and auto racing, scuba diving, bungee 

jumping, bronco and bull riding, and extreme sports or any activity identified by the commander. 

NOTE: MAJCOMs can determine within the command what are considered high risk activities. 

A12.3. Commander's/Supervisors Responsibility. Commanders or supervisors should ensure 

all personnel are briefed about the HRA program regardless of their participation in high-risk 

activities. Each individual should be surveyed and if it is determined they are actively engaged or 

about to engage in an HRA they should meet one on one with their commander or supervisor. 

Ideally implemented, a HRA interview is not a briefing. It is for the purpose determining the 

mental and physical readiness, and situational awareness preparedness of participants before the 

HRA occurs. The interviewer can discuss with the interviewee the risks of the activities and 

ascertain some idea of the likelihood that the participant can enjoy the activity without an 

unacceptable level of risk. Through this process the interviewer can determine such things as 

level of experience, knowledge of PPE requirements, physical safety aspects of the area of 

participation, level of supervision or oversight by qualified professional staffs or officials, rules 

or recommended practices of professional organizations, and so on. It is also a chance to discuss 

the mental and physical preparedness of the participant. If interviewers determine participants 

are not adequately trained or are inexperienced, they should encourage participants to seek 

additional training through a nationally recognized institute before participating in the activity. 

A12.4. Individual Responsibility. Individuals planning to engage in high-risk activities such as 

those described in paragraph A12.2, should be encouraged to inform his or her immediate 

supervisor, and schedule an interview their supervisor, squadron commander or designee. The 

individual engaging in a high-risk activity is responsible for applying sound risk management 

practices to avoid jeopardizing life or limbs and their ability to perform their Air Force duties. 

A12.5. Documentation. AF Form 4391, High-Risk Activities Worksheet, may be used to 

document the briefing, completed by the squadron commander, individual’s supervisor, safety 

officer or training manager.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 141 

Attachment 13 

CONTINUING EDUCATION AND TRAINING COURSES 

Table A13.1. Continuing Career Safety Professional Development (Recommended Safety 

Courses) 

Course Subjects - Topics 

Occupational Safety and Health Standards for the Construction Industry 

Occupational Safety & Health Standards for the General Industry 

Occupational Safety and Health for Other Federal Agencies 

Introduction to Industrial Hygiene for Safety Personnel 

Principles of Ergonomics Applied to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders 

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Life Safety 

National Electric Code (NEC) Electrical Standards 

Collateral Duty Course for other Federal Agencies 

Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout-Tagout) 

Machinery and Machine Guarding Standards 

Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment 

Permit-Required Confined Space Entry 

OSHA Recordkeeping and Inspections 

Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control 

Environmental Compliance Assessment 

Disaster Site Worker Train-the-Trainer 

Evacuation and Emergency Planning 

Hazardous Waste Management 

Scaffolding, Cranes, and Rigging 

Excavation and Trenching 

Traffic Control Technician 

Health Hazard Awareness 

Respiratory Protection 

Fall Arrest Systems 

Voluntary Protection Program 

Risk Management 

System Safety Course 

Other

142 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Attachment 14 

SAFETY EDUCATION AND TRAINING 

A14.1. Safety Training. Air Force Catalog (AFCAT), USAF Formal Schools found at the 

following website https://etca.randolph.af.mil (formerly AFCAT 36-2223), outlines specific 

safety-related courses (those listed below with a number designation). Refer to the AFCAT for 

full course descriptions and prerequisites. Training in System Safety is available from Defense 

Acquisition University (https://learn.dau.mil/html/clc/Clc1.jsp?cl). Organizations responsible 

for course management are indicated in parenthesis. 

A14.2. Mishap Investigation. 

A14.2.1. Safety and Accident Investigation Board President Course (BPC), AFSC810 (HQ 

AFSC). 

A14.2.2. Aircraft Mishap Investigation Course (AMIC), WCIP05A (HQ AFSC). 

A14.2.3. Aerospace Propulsion Craftsman, Jet Engine Mishap Investigation Course 

(JEMIC), J3AZR2A671A0M1A (AETC). 

A14.2.4. Mishap Investigation Non-Aviation (MINA), WCIP059 (HQ AFSC). 

A14.2.5. Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP) Clinical Psychologist, 

B3OZY42P3-003, (AFMC). 

A14.2.6. Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP) Aerospace and Operational 

Physiologist, WC1P05A, (AFMC). 

A14.2.7. Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP) USAF Medical Investigator 

(Flight Surgeon), B3OZY48G3-003, (AFMC). 

A14.2.8. Aircraft Mishap Investigation and Prevention (AMIP) NON-DoD Medical 

Investigator (Flight Surgeon or other physician), B3OZY48G3-010 (AFMC). 

A14.2.9. Life Science Equipment Investigation Course (LSEIC), J3AZR1P071 0L1A, 

(AETC). 

A14.3. Unit Safety Representatives (USR). Developed by MAJCOM, DRU/FOA. 

A14.4. Aviation: 

A14.4.1. Flight Safety Officer (FSO), WCIPO5C (HQ AFSC). 

A14.4.2. Flight Safety NCO (FS NCO), L3AZR1S071-0S5A (AETC). 

A14.4.3. Security Assistance Training Program (International) Flight Safety Officer Course, 

WCIP05U (HQ AFSC). 

A14.4.4. Air Combat Command Flight Safety Program Management Course, Y130003. 

A14.4.5. DCMA Aviation Safety Officer Course, ASO. 

A14.4.6. Air Reserve Component Chief of Safety (ARCCOS), WECIP05K 

A14.5. Ground: 

A14.5.1. Safety Apprentice, L3ABR1S031-051A (AETC).

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 143 

A14.5.2. Safety Craftsman, L3AZR1S071-0S1A (AETC). 

A14.5.3. OSHA Training Institute (OTI) (AFSC). 

A14.5.4. National Safety Council (NSC) Safety Training Institute (AFSC), Refer to OSHA 

Training Institute catalog. 

A14.5.5. Advanced Occupational Safety (AFSC), Refer to NSC Safety Training Institute 

course catalog. 

A14.5.6. Radiation Safety Officer Course, B6OZW43EXA-0A1A. 

A14.5.7. Air Combat Command Ground Safety Program Management Course, Y13005 

A14.6. Weapons: 

A14.6.1. Weapons Safety Management Course , L3AZR2W071 0C2A. (AETC) 

A14.6.2. Introduction to Weapons Safety CD ROM available at wing safety offices, (AFSC). 

A14.6.3. Air Combat Command Weapons Safety Program Management Course, 

3J5ACC2W0X1-000. 

A14.7. Systems: 

A14.7.1. System Safety Management (SSM), WCIP057 (AFSC). 

A14.7.2. System Safety Reliability Analysis SSRA, WCIP060 . (AFSC) 

A14.8. Management: 

A14.8.1. Chief of Safety Course (COS), WCIP05B. (AFSC) 

A14.8.2. Senior Safety Professional Course (SSP), WCIP05D. (AFSC) 

A14.9. Risk Management (RM): https://rmis.kirtland.af.mil. 

A14.9.1. ORM Fundamentals Course. 

A14.9.2. ORM Essentials for Leaders Course. 

A14.9.3. ORM Application and Integration Course. 

A14.9.4. ORM Executive Course. 

A14.10. Other: 

A14.10.1. Operational Safety, Suitability and Effectiveness (OSS & E) WSYS155 (AFIT). 

A14.10.2. Environmental, Safety, and Occupational Health (ESOH) Compliance 

Assessments, WENV020 (AFIT). 

A14.10.3. Course 8, Supervisor Safety Training (SST), ZZ13212, (HQ AFSC/SEG). 

A14.10.4. ACC Aircrew Life Support Program Manager’s Course.

144 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

Attachment 15 

PREPARATION OF RISK ASSESSMENTS 

A15.1. Risk Assessment. A risk assessment succinctly documents the results of several steps in 

the risk management process and supports follow-on decision-making processes (Reference AFI 

90-901, Operational Risk Management; and AFPAM 90-902, Operational Risk Management 

Guidelines and Tools). Decision options typically involve determining whether one or more 

particular courses of action should be pursued (e.g., implementing equipment improvements, 

safety or warning device improvements, operational improvements, technical improvements, 

policy improvements, etc.), or whether a risk should be accepted. A risk assessment supports 

decision-making processes by objectively identifying a hazard, assessing its risk, thoroughly 

analyzing potential options for risk mitigation and making a recommendation. NOTE: The term 

―losses‖ also include fatalities, not just system losses. A suggested risk assessment format is 

shown in A15.1 below: 

A15.1. Sample Risk Assessment Layout 

Risk Assessment Title 

Background: Broadly describe the situation being evaluated. Provide enough detail so the 

remainder of the risk assessment can be easily understood. 

Hazard Identification: Hazards are defined as any real or potential condition that can cause 

mission degradation, illness or injury to personnel or damage to or loss of equipment or property. 

Accurately and succinctly describe the hazard (e.g., deficiency with engineering design, material, 

quality, software, operations, maintenance, etc.) being analyzed. 

Initial Risk: Risk is the probability and severity of loss from exposure to the hazard. Risk 

assessment is the application of qualitative and quantitative measures to determine the level of 

risk associated with the identified hazard. Identify the probability and severity of a mishap that 

could result from the hazard based upon the exposure of personnel or assets to the identified 

hazard. Use the baseline or ―as designed‖ state as the basis for determining initial risk. Fully 

explain the methodology used, data considered (e.g., reported mishaps/events, deficiency reports, 

test results, etc) and rationale for determining baseline risk. 

Interim Risk: Many times initial mitigation steps have already been taken prior to the 

completion of a written risk assessment. These steps may include permanent risk mitigation 

measures or temporary stop-gap risk mitigation measures. Describe these measures and explain 

how the baseline risk is being mitigated, their effectiveness and the resulting interim risk until 

final risk mitigating options can be implemented. 

Risk Mitigation Options – It is likely several options still exist to mitigate the risk of the 

indentified hazard. Effective control measures reduce or eliminate one of the three components 

(i.e., probability, severity or exposure) of risk. Investigate specific strategies and tools that 

reduce, mitigate or eliminate risk. Address each risk mitigation option separately. One option to 

always consider is ―taking no further action‖ which is the equivalent of accepting the baseline

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 145 

risk and acknowledging and accepting expected future losses. For each option, including 

accepting the baseline risk, address: 

Description: Describe the option being evaluated. 

Impact: Describe the impact of this option. What are its benefits; limitations? Address 

its effectiveness and explain how it will eliminate or control future losses. Does it address 

other hazards/problems or introduce new ones? 

Cost: Estimate the costs (i.e., financial, operational, maintenance, etc.) to implement this 

option. 

Schedule: Estimate schedule implement this option. 

Residual Risk: Great risk mitigation options eliminate hazards and their risk entirely; 

others only reduce the risk. Assuming this risk mitigation option is implemented; identify 

the probability and severity of a mishap that could result from the hazard based upon the 

exposure of personnel or assets to the identified hazard. Fully explain the methodology 

used (including analytical assumptions and limitations), data considered, and rationale for 

determining residual risk. 

Expected Future Losses: Estimate the expected losses with implementation of this 

option. Express losses over a period of time, a number of events or for a given 

population. Fully explain the methodology used, data considered and rationale for 

determining these expected losses. 

Summary of Options: If the number of risk mitigation options is lengthy, a tabular summary 

may be appropriate. Include as appropriate. 

Recommendation: State the recommended course(s) of action, including rationale. 

Attachments: Include more detailed or supporting information, as required. 

A15.2. Existing Questions from AFSC’s System Safety Handbook. NOTE: Not all of the 

following questions will apply to every risk. 

A15.2.1 What were the preliminary mishap risk index results when the safety deficiency was 

initially identified? – Initial Risk 

A15.2.2. What is (are) the identified deficiency (design, maintenance, material, quality, 

software, etc)? – Hazard Identification 

A15.2.3. What are the hazards caused by the deficiencies in light of known requirements and 

interrelationships with man, machine and environmental system elements? – Background and 

Hazard Identification 

A15.2.4. What, if any, supporting historical data substantiate the need for the modification (list 

Class A, B, C mishaps, HAPs, Cat I DRs, etc.)? - Initial Risk

146 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

A15.2.5 What, if any, interim corrective action has already been taken to reduce risk (change in 

mission, operational restrictions, grounding, increased inspections, TCTO actions, etc.)? – 

Interim Risk 

A15.2.6. What, if any, additional action has been recommended by the Material Safety Task 

Group, SSG, SSWG or other group? – Risk Mitigation Options 

A15.2.7. What are the expected future mishap rate(s) (class A, B, C, etc.) to be caused by this 

deficiency if it is not corrected? – Risk Mitigation Options 

A15.2.8. What are the affected fleet size and its expected future life exposure; for example (list 

average number of operationally available aircraft per year, years of operational life remaining, 

average programmed flying hours per year)? – Risk Mitigation Options 

A15.2.9. What are the expected total future direct losses (and indirect losses) if the modification 

is not approved? If sufficient data exists to make these predictions, what is the current mishap 

severity, probability and frequency, and resulting mishap risk index values? – Risk Mitigation 

Options 

A15.2.10. How will the proposed modification eliminate or control these losses? – Risk 

Mitigation Options 

A15.2.11. How effective will the control of losses be? – Risk Mitigation Options 

A15.2.12. If the modification is approved, what are the expected losses to be avoided, and any 

other quantitative or qualitative benefits? – Risk Mitigation Options 

A15.2.13. Does the proposed modification create any new hazards for the system (consider 

mission and people, machine and environmental system elements)? – Risk Mitigation Options 

A15.2.14. Why are other alternatives to risk reduction unacceptable (accept losses, preferred 

parts substitution, time change, training, procedural changes, increased inspections, etc.)? - Risk 

Mitigation Options 

A15.2.15. If the modification is approved, what will be done to reduce risk until the 

modification is fully implemented? – Not Included

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 147 

Attachment 16 

1S0X1 RETRAINEE EVALUATION PROCESS 

A16.1. The local Ground Safety Manager (GSM) or designated representative will act as initial 

Evaluating Agent for retraining applicants. 

A16.2. The Evaluating Agent will: 

A16.2.1. Ask the applicant’s immediate supervisor to appraise his or her work performance, 

attitude and overall character. 

A16.2.2. Provide applicant a briefing on Safety programs and responsibilities. Discuss the 

safety career field and answer any questions. Determine if applicant has problems which 

would preclude working nights, holidays, standby, TDY, overseas assignments or 

deployments. Also, problems with prolonged standing or walking or other medical problems 

which would affect work performance. 

A16.2.3. Establish and document an observation period for all applicants under 

consideration for retraining. The applicant must complete up to a 10 duty-day assessment 

period with the local Safety office before the Evaluating Agent can make a recommendation. 

A16.2.4. Provide meaningful, structured activities which assist in assessing the applicant’s 

suitability for the Safety career field. The activities will consist of: 

A16.2.4.1. Assessment of applicant’s communication skills: Abilities to write and speak 

clearly and distinctly. 

A16.2.4.1.1. Applicant will write a memorandum stating their reasons for wanting to 

retrain into the career field. Memorandum will include strengths, areas for 

improvement and what the applicant can contribute to improve the safety program. 

A16.2.4.1.2. Applicant will instruct/lead some portion of a safety class, i.e., Course 

II, Course IIIB, SST, FTAC, etc. 

A16.2.4.2. Introduction to inspection/spot inspection process. 

A16.2.4.2.1. Applicant will review annual reports, conduct follow up for the open 

write-ups AND conduct spot inspections. 

A16.2.4.3. Familiarization to Flight line/maintenance/industrial areas. 

A16.2.4.3.1. Applicant will visit flight line/maintenance/industrial areas as deemed 

appropriate by the Evaluating agent. NOTE: This may be incorporated into paragraph 

A16.2.4.2.1. 

A16.2.4.4. Introduction to mishap investigation. 

A16.2.4.4.1. Applicant will investigate and process a mishap. This includes an 

AFSAS familiarization session, reviewing mishap findings to establish causal factors 

and a mishap summary/out-brief to the Chief of Safety. NOTE: This activity will 

include briefing applicant on what to expect at a mishap scene. 

A16.2.4.5. Introduction to Hazard Abatement Program.

148 AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 

A16.2.4.5.1. Applicant will assign a Risk Assessment Code to a hazard (actual or 

simulated) based on an assessment of the mishap potential and its severity. Applicant 

will also process AF Forms 457, USAF Hazard Report, and 1118, Notice of Hazard. 

A16.2.5. Provide the servicing FSS with a memorandum summarizing the following areas 

based on research and structured activities: 

A16.2.5.1. Approval/Disapproval of applicant’s request for retraining. 

A16.2.5.2. Assessment of applicant’s structured activities. 

A16.2.5.3. Assessment of applicant’s communication skills, both written and verbal. 

A16.2.5.4. Overall assessment of the appearance, moral standards, military conduct and 

bearing. 

Figure A16.1. 1S0 Safety Retraining Memorandum (Example). 

MEMORANDUM FOR 

FROM: 

SUBJECT: 1S0 Safety Retraining Memorandum 

1. I approve/disapprove ________________ (applicant’s Rank and name) request for retraining. 

2. Applicant: 

a. (Did/did not) complete the 10 duty-day assessment period. 

b. (Has/does not have) ability to communicate: write, and speak clearly and distinctly. 

c. (Has/does not have) ability to meet the needs of the Safety career field. 

d. (Has/does not have) appearance, moral standards, military conduct and bearing to meet the 

needs of the Safety career field. 

Explain: 

________________________________________________________________________ 

3. I interviewed applicant’s immediate supervisor and foresee no problems OR have reason for 

concern. 

Explain: 

________________________________________________________________________ 

4. Applicant received a briefing on Safety programs and responsibilities and has/has no problems 

which would preclude working nights, holidays, standby, TDY, overseas assignments or 

deployments. 

Explain: 

________________________________________________________________________ 

5. If you have questions please contact me at DSN: xxx-xxxx.

AFI91-202 5 AUGUST 2011 149 

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