Software and hardware presentation

Programming
HARDWARE &
SOFTWARE

Hardware
 Four components of a computer system:
 CPU - central processing unit
Makes decisions, performs computations, and
delegates input/output requests
 Memory: Disk Drives, CD drives, Tape drives, USB
flash drives.
Stores information
 Input devices: Keyboard, Mouse,
Gets information from the user to the computer
 Output devices: monitor
Sends information from computer to the user

Hardware
M e m o r y
C P U
I n p u t
D e v ic e s
O u t p u t
D e v ic e s

S y s t e m
S o f t w a r e
A p p lic a t io n
S o f t w a r e
S o f t w a r e

Software
 Application software
Easy-to-use programs designed to perform
specific tasks
 System software
Programs that support the execution and
development of other programs
Two major types
Operating systems
Translation systems (compilers & linkers)

Application Software
 Application software makes computer
popular and easy to use
 Common application software:
 Microsoft Word, WordPerfect
 PowerPoint
 Netscape, Internet Explorer
 PhotoShop, Photo-Paint
 Quick Time
 Dreamweaver

Operating System
 Controls and manages the computing
resources
 Examples
 Windows, Unix, MSDOS,
 Important services that an operating system
provides:
 Security: prevent unauthorized users from accessing
the system
 Commands to manipulate the file system
 Input and output on a variety of devices
 Window management

Levels of programming
language
 Machine binary language: unintelligible
 Low-level assembly language
 Mnemonic names for machine operations
 Explicit manipulation of memory addresses
 Machine-dependent
 High-level language
 Readable
 Machine-independent

How to translate?
Examples of compilers:
 Microsoft Visual C++, Eclipse, g++
A program written in high-level programming language
(for example, C++ program)
A low-level (machine language) program that is
understandable by a computer (for example, a PC)
COMPILER (for example, Visual C++)

Translation System
 Set of programs used to develop
software
 Types of translators:
 Compiler
 Linker
 Examples
Microsoft Visual C++, Eclipse, g++

Software Development
 Major activities
 Editing (writing the program)
 Compiling (creates .obj file)
 Linking with compiled files (creates .exe file)
Object files
Library modules
 Loading and executing
 Testing the program
C o m p ile
L in k
L ib r a r y r o u t in e s
O t h e r o b je c t file s
T h in k
E d it
L o a d
E x e c u t e
S o u r c e P r o g r a m

Integrated
Development Environments
 Combine all of the capabilities that a
programmer would want while developing
software (VC++ 2008, Eclipse)
 Editor
 Compiler
 Linker
 Loader
 Debugger
 Viewer

Our First Program
// a simple program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Hello world!" << endl;
return 0;
}
Print
statement
Ends execution
of main() which ends
program
Comments
Function
named
main()
indicates
start of
program

Software and hardware presentation

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