Matrices and Determinants Exercise Solutions With Theory

Matrices & Determinant
As for everything else, so for a mathematical theory, beauty can be perceived but not explained..... Cayley
Arthur
Introduction :
Any rectangular arrangement of numbers (real or complex) (or of real valued or complex valued
expressions) is called a matrix. If a matrix has m rows and n columns then the order of matrix is
written as m × n and we call it as order m by n
The general m × n matrix is
 a11 a12 a13 ...... a1j ..... a1n 

a a22 a23 ...... a2 j ..... a2n 
 21
..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 
A=  
 ai1 ai2 ai3 ...... aij ...... ain 
..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 
 
am1 am2 am3 ..... amj ..... amn 
where aij denote the element of ith row & jth column. The above matrix is usually denoted as [aij]m × n .
Notes :
(i) The elements a11, a22, a33,........ are called as diagonal elements. Their sum is called as trace
of A denoted as tr(A)
(ii) Capital letters of English alphabets are used to denote matrices.
(iii)
Order of a matrix : If a matrix has m rows and n columns, then we say that its order is "m by n",
written as "m × n".
1
Example # 1 : Construct a 3 × 2 matrix whose elements are given by aij = | i –3j |.
2
 a11 a12 
Solution : In general a 3 × 2 matrix is given by A = a21 a22 
a31 a32 
1
aij = | i – 3j |, i = 1, 2, 3 and j = 1, 2
2
1 1 5
Therefore a11 = |1–3×1|=1 a12 =|1–3×2|=
2 2 2
1 1 1
a21 = |2–3×1|= a22 = |2–3×2|=2
2 2 2
1 1 3
a31 = |3–3×1|=0 a32 = | 3 – 3 × 2 | =
2 2 2
 5
1 2
 
Hence the required matrix is given hy A =  2
1
2 
 
0 3
 2 
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Types of Matrices :
Row matrix :
A matrix having only one row is called as row matrix (or row vector).General form of row
matrix is A = [a11, a12, a13, ...., a1n]
This is a matrix of order "1 × n" (or a row matrix of order n)
Column matrix :
A matrix having only one column is called as column matrix (or column vector).
 a11 
a 
Column matrix is in the form A =  21 
 ... 
 
am1 
This is a matrix of order "m × 1" (or a column matrix of order m)
Zero matrix :
A = [aij]m × n is called a zero matrix, if aij = 0  i & j.
0 0 0 
0 0 0 
e.g. : (i)   (ii)  0 0 0 
0 0 0   0 0 0 
Square matrix :
A matrix in which number of rows & columns are equal is called a square matrix. The general
form of a square matrix is
 a11 a12 ....... a1n 
a a22 ........ a2n 
A =  21 which we denote as A = [aij]n.
....... ....... ....... .......
 
 an1 an2 ....... ann 
This is a matrix of order "n × n" (or a square matrix of order n)
Diagonal matrix :
A square matrix [aij]n is said to be a diagonal matrix if aij = 0 for i  j. (i.e., all the elements of
the square matrix other than diagonal elements are zero)
Note : Diagonal matrix of order n is denoted as Diag (a11, a22, ......ann).
 a 0 0 0 
a 0 0   0 b 0 0 
e.g. : (i)  0 b 0  (ii) 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 c   
 0 0 0 c 
Scalar matrix :
Scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal elements are same. A = [aij]n is a
scalar matrix, if (i) aij = 0 for i  j and (ii) aij = k for i = j.
a 0 0 
a 0 
e.g. : (i)   (ii)  0 a 0 
0 a   0 0 a 
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Unit matrix (identity matrix) :

Unit matrix is a diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal elements are unity. Unit matrix of
order 'n' is denoted by n (or ).
i.e. A = [aij]n is a unit matrix when aij = 0 for i  j & aii = 1
1 0 0 
1 0 0 1 0 
eg. 2 =   , 3 =  
 0 1 0 0 1
Upper triangular matrix :
A = [aij]m × n is said to be upper triangular, if aij = 0 for i > j (i.e., all the elements below
the diagonal elements are zero).
a b c d  a b c 
e.g. : (i)  0 x y z  (ii)  0 x y 
 0 0 u v   0 0 z 
Lower triangular matrix :

A = [aij]m × n is said to be a lower triangular matrix, if aij = 0 for i < j. (i.e., all the
elements above
the diagonal elements are zero.)
a 0 0  a 0 0 0 
e.g. : (i)  b c 0  (ii)  b c 0 0 
 x y z   x y z 0 
Comparable matrices :
Two matrices A & B are said to be comparable, if they have the same order (i.e., number of rows of A &
B are same and also the number of columns).
2 3 4  3 4 2
e.g. : (i) A =   & B =  are comparable
 3 1 2  0 1 3 
 3 0 
2 3 4 
e.g. : (ii) C =   & D =  4 1  are not comparable
 3 1 2   2 3 
Equality of matrices :
Two matrices A and B are said to be equal if they are comparable and all the corresponding elements
are equal.
Let A = [aij] m × n & B = [bij]p × q
A = B iff (i) m = p, n = q
(ii) aij = bij  i & j.
 sin  1/ 2  1/ 2 sin  

   
Example # 2 : Let A =  1/ 2 cos   & B =  cos  cos  . Find  so that A = B.
   cos 
 cos  tan   1 
 
Solution : By definition A & B are equal if they have the same order and all the corresponding elements
are equal.
1 1
Thus we have sin  = , cos = – & tan  = – 1
2 2

    = (2n + 1) – .
4
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 x  3 z  4 2y – 7   0 6 3y – 2

Example # 3 : If  –6 a – 1  
0  =  –6 –3 2c  2  , then find the values of a, b, c, x, y and z.
b – 3 –21 0  2b  4 –21 0 
Solution : As the given matrices are equal, therefore, their corresponding elements must be equal.
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get
x+3=0 z+4=6 2y – 7 = 3y – 2
a–1=–3 0 = 2c + 2 b – 3 = 2b + 4
  a = – 2, b = – 7, c = – 1, x = – 3, y = – 5, z = 2
Multiplication of matrix by scalar :

Let  be a scalar (real or complex number) & A = [aij]m × n be a matrix. Thus the product A is
defined as A = [bij]m × n where bij = aij  i & j.
 2 1 3 5   6 3 9 15 
e.g. : A =  0 2 1 3  & – 3A  (–3) A =  0 6 3 9 

 0 0 1 2   0 0 3 6 
Note : If A is a scalar matrix, then A = , where  is a diagonal entry of A
Addition of matrices :
Let A and B be two matrices of same order (i.e. comparable matrices). Then A + B is defined to be.
A + B = [aij]m × n + [bij]m × n.
= [cij]m × n where cij = aij + bij  i & j.
 1 1   1 2  0 1
e.g. : A =  2 3  , B =  2 3  , A + B = 0 0 
 
 1 0   5 7   6 7 
Substraction of matrices :
Let A & B be two matrices of same order. Then A – B is defined as A + (– B) where – B is (– 1) B.
Properties of addition & scalar multiplication :

Consider all matrices of order m × n, whose elements are from a set F (F denote Q, R or C).
Let Mm × n (F) denote the set of all such matrices.
Then
(a) A  Mm × n (F) & B  Mm × n (F)  A + B  Mm × n(F)
(b) A+B=B+A
(c) (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
(d) O = [o]m × n is the additive identity.
(e) For every A  Mm × n(F), – A is the additive inverse.
(f)  (A + B) = A + B
(g) A = A
(h) (1 + 2) A = 1A + 2A
8 0  2 –2 
Example # 4 : IF A =  4 –2  and B =  4 2 , then find the matrix X, such that 2A + 3X = 5B
 3 6   –5 1
Solution : We have 2A + 3X = 5B.
 3X = 5B – 2A
1
 X= (5B – 2A)
3
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  2 –2 8 0     10 –10  –16 0  

1   1 
 X= 5 4 2 – 2  4 –2  =   20 10    –8
   4  
3   3   –25 5   –6 –12 
  –5 1 3 6      
 –10 
 –2 3 
 10 – 16 –10  0   –6 –10   
1  1   14 
 X =  20 – 8 10  4  =  12 14  = 4
3 3  3 
 –25 – 6 5 – 12   31 –7   
 –31 –7 
 3 3 
Multiplication of matrices :
Let A and B be two matrices such that the number of columns of A is same as number of rows
of B. i.e., A = [aij]m × p & B = [bij]p × n.
p
Then AB = [cij]m × n where cij =  aik bkj , which is the dot product of ith row vector of A and jth
k 1
column vector of B.
0 1 1 1
 1 2 3  3 4 9 1
e.g. : A =   , B =  0 0 1 0  , AB =  
2 3 1  1 1 2 0   1 3 7 2
Notes :
(1) The product AB is defined iff the number of columns of A is equal to the number of rows of B. A
is called as premultiplier & B is called as post multiplier. AB is defined BA is defined.
(2) In general AB  BA, even when both the products are defined.
(3) A (BC) = (AB) C, whenever it is defined.
Properties of matrix multiplication :

Consider all square matrices of order 'n'. Let Mn (F) denote the set of all square matrices of
order n. (where F is Q, R or C). Then
(a) A, B  Mn (F)  AB  Mn (F)
(b) In general AB  BA
(c) (AB) C = A(BC)
(d) n, the identity matrix of order n, is the multiplicative identity.
An = A = n A   A  Mn (F)
(e) For every non singular matrix A (i.e., |A|  0) of Mn (F) there exist a unique (particular)
matrix B  Mn (F) so that AB = n = BA. In this case we say that A & B are multiplicative
inverse of one another. In notations, we write B = A–1 or A = B–1.
(f) If  is a scalar (A) B = (AB) = A(B).
(g) A(B + C) = AB + AC   A, B, C  Mn (F)
(h) (A + B) C = AC + BC   A, B, C  Mn (F).
Notes : (1) Let A = [aij]m × n. Then An = A & m A = A, where n & m are identity matrices of order
n & m respectively.
(2) For a square matrix A, A2 denotes AA, A3 denotes AAA etc.
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 1 2 3
Example # 5 : If A = 3 –2 1 , then show that A3 – 23A – 40 I = O
 4 2 1
 1 2 3  1 2 3 19 4 8 
Solution : We have A2 = A.A = 3 –2 1 3 –2 1
  =  1 12 8 
 4 2 1  4 2 1 14 6 15
 1 2 3  1 2 3 19 4 8 
So A3 = AA2 = 3 –2 1 3 –2 1 =  1 12 8 
   
 4 2 1  4 2 1 14 6 15
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 0 0
Now A3 – 23A – 40I = 3 –2 1  – 23 3 –2 1 – 40 0 1 0 
   
 4 2 1  4 2 1 0 0 1
63 46 69  –23 –46 –69   –40 0 0 

    
= 69 –6 23 +  –69 46 –23  +  0 –40 0 
92 46 63  –92 –46 –23   0 0 –40 
63 – 23 – 40 46 – 46  0 69 – 69 0  0 0 0 
=  69 – 69  0 –6  46 – 40 23 – 23 0 
 = 0 0 0  = O
 90 – 92  0 46 – 46  0 63 – 23 – 40 0 0 0 
Self practice problems :
cos   sin 
(1) If A() =   , verify that A() A() = A( + ).
 sin  cos  
Hence show that in this case A(). A() = A() . A().
 4 6 1  2 4
(2) Let A = 3 0 2  , B =  0 1 and C = [3 1 2].
 1 2 5   1 2 
Then which of the products ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, CBA are defined. Calculate the
product whichever is defined.
Answer (2) Only CAB is defined. CAB = [25 100]
Transpose of a matrix :
Let A =[aij]m × n. Then the transpose of A is denoted by A( or AT ) and is defined as
A = [bij]n × m where bij = aji  i & j.
i.e. A is obtained by rewriting all the rows of A as columns (or by rewriting all the columns of A as
rows).
 1 a x 
 1 2 3 4   2 y 
e.g. : A =  a b c d  , A = 
b
 3 c z 
 x y z w   
 4 d w 
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Results : (i) For any matrix A = [aij]m × n, (A) = A
(ii) Let  be a scalar & A be a matrix. Then (A) = A

(iii) (A + B) = A + B & (A – B) = A – B for two comparable matrices A and B.
(iv) (A1 ± A2 ± ..... ± An) = A1 ± A2 ± ..... ± An, where Ai are comparable.
(v) Let A = [aij]m × p & B = [bij]p × n , then (AB) = BA
(vi) (A1 A2 .......An)= An. An – 1 ...........A2 . A1, provided the product is defined.
Symmetric & skew-symmetric matrix : A square matrix A is said to be symmetric if A = A

i.e. Let A = [aij]n. A is symmetric iff aij = aji  i & j. A square matrix A is said to be skew-
symmetric if A = – A
i.e. Let A = [aij]n. A is skew-symmetric iff aij = – aji  i & j.
a h g 
e.g. A = h b f  is a symmetric matrix.
 g f c 
o x y
B =   x o z  is a skew-symmetric matrix.

  y z 0 
Notes :
(1) In a skew-symmetric matrix all the diagonal elements are zero.
( aii = – aii  aii = 0)
(2) For any square matrix A, A + A is symmetric & A – A is skew-symmetric.
(3) Every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as a sum of two square matrices of
which one is symmetric and the other is skew-symmetric.
1 1
A = B + C, where B = (A + A) & C = (A – A).
2 2
 –2 
Example # 6 : If A =  4  , B = [1 3 – 6], verify that (AB)' = B'A'.
 5 
Solution : We have
 –2 
A =  4  , B = [1 3 –6]
 5 
 –2   –2 –6 12 
Then AB =  4  [1 3 –6] =  4 12 –24 
 
 5   5 15 –30 
 1
Now A' = [–2 4 5], B' =  3 
 –6 
 1  –2 4 5
B'A' =  3  [–2 4 5] =  –6
 12 15  = (AB)'

 –6   12 –24 –30 
Clearly (AB)' = B'A'
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 2 –2 –4 
Example # 7 : Express the matrix B =  –1 3 4  as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric
 1 –2 –3 
matrix.
 2 –1 1
Solution : Here B' =  –2 3 –2
 –4 4 –3 
 3 3
 2 –
2
– 
2
 4 –3 –3   
1 
2 = – 1 
1 3
Let P= (B + B') = –3 6 3
2 2   2 
 –3 2 –6   
– 3 1 –3 
 2 
 –3 –3 
 2 2 2 
 
–3
Now P' =  3 1  =P
 2 
 
 –3 1 –3 
 2 
1
Thus P= (B + B') is a symmetric matrix.
2
 –1 –5 
0 2 2 
0 –1 –5   
1   = 1 3 
1
Also, Let Q = (B – B') = 1 0 6 0
2 2   2 
5 –6 0   
5 –3 0 
 2 
 1 5
 0 2 3
 
Now 
Q' = –
1
0 –3  = – Q
 2 
 
– 5 3 0 
 2 
1
Thus Q= (B – B') is a skew symmetric matrix.
2
 –3 –3   –1 –5 
 2   0
2 2 2 2   2 –2 –4 
   
–3  –1 3
   3  = 4  = B
1
Now P+Q= 3 1 + 0 
 2  2 
     1 –2 –3 
 –3 1 –3   5 –3 0 
 2   2 
Thus, B is represented as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix.
Thus, B is represented as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix.
ADVMD- 8
Example # 8 : Show that BAB is symmetric or skew-symmetric according as A is symmetric or skew-

symmetric (where B is any square matrix whose order is same as that of A).
Solution : Case - A is symmetric    A = A
(BAB) = (B)AB = BAB  BAB is symmetric.
Case -  A is skew-symmetric  A = – A
(BAB) = (B)AB
= B ( – A) B
= – (BAB)
   BAB is skew-symmetric

(3) For any square matrix A, show that AA & AA are symmetric matrices.
(4) If A & B are symmetric matrices of same order, then show that AB + BA is symmetric and
AB – BA is skew-symmetric.
Submatrix : Let A be a given matrix. The matrix obtained by deleting some rows or columns of A is called
as submatrix of A.
a b c d  a c  a b c 
a b d 
eg. A =  x y z w  Then  x z  ,  
  x y z  are all submatrices of A.
,
p r    
p q s
p q r s  p q r 
Determinant of a square matrix :

To every square matrix A = [aij] of order n, we can associate a number (real or complex) called
determinant of the square matrix.
Let A = [a]1×1 be a 1×1 matrix. Determinant A is defined as |A| = a.
e.g. A = [– 3]1×1 |A| = – 3
a b 
Let A =   , then |A| is defined as ad – bc.
 c d
 5 3
e.g. A=   , |A| = 23
 1 4 
Minors & Cofactors :

Let  be a determinant. Then minor of element aij, denoted by Mij, is defined as the determinant
of the submatrix obtained by deleting ith row & jth column of . Cofactor of element aij, denoted
by Cij, is defined as Cij = (– 1)i + j Mij.
a b
e.g. 1 =
c d
M11 = d = C11
M12 = c, C12 = – c
M21 = b, C21 = – b
M22 = a = C22
a b c
e.g. 2 = p q r
x y z
q r
M11 = = qz – yr = C11.
y z
a b
M23 = = ay – bx, C23 = – (ay – bx) = bx – ay etc.
x y
ADVMD- 9
Determinant of any order :

Let A = [aij]n be a square matrix (n > 1). Determinant of A is defined as the sum of products of elements
of any one row (or any one column) with corresponding cofactors.
 a11 a12 a13 
e.g.1 A = a21 a22 a23 
a31 a32 a33 
|A| = a11C11 + a12 C12 + a13C13 (using first row).
a22 a23 a21 a23 a21 a22
= a11 – a12 + a13
a32 a33 a31 a33 a31 a32
|A| = a12 C12 + a22 C22 + a32C32 (using second column).
a21 a23 a11 a13 a11 a13
= – a12 + a22 – a32
a31 a33 a31 a33 a21 a23
Transpose of a determinant : The transpose of a determinant is the determinant of transpose of the
corresponding matrix.
a1 b1 c1 a1 a2 a3
D = a2 b2 c2  D 
T
b1 b2 b3
a3 b3 c3 c1 c 2 c3
Properties of determinant :
(1) |A| = |A| for any square matrix A.
i.e. the value of a determinant remains unaltered, if the rows & columns are inter changed,
a1 b1 c1 a1 a2 a3
i.e. D = a2 b2 c 2  b1 b2 b3 = D
a3 b3 c3 c1 c 2 c3
(2) If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant be interchanged, the value of determinant is
changed in sign only.
a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c 2
e.g. Let D1 = a2 b2 c 2 & D2 = a1 b1 c1 Then D2 = – D1
a3 b3 c 3 a3 b3 c 3
(3) Let  be a scalar. Than  |A| is obtained by multiplying any one row (or any one column)
of |A| by 
a1 b1 c1 Ka1 Kb1 Kc1
  D = a2 b2 c 2 and E = a2 b2 c2 Then E= KD
a3 b3 c 3 a3 b3 c3
(4) | AB | = | A | | B |. 
(5) |A| = n |A|, when A = [aij]n.
(6) A skew-symmetric matrix of odd order has determinant value zero.
(7) If a determinant has all the elements zero in any row or column, then its value is zero,
0 0 0
i.e. D = a2 b2 c 2 = 0.
a3 b3 c 3
ADVMD- 10
(8) If a determinant has any two rows (or columns) identical (or proportional), then its value
is zero,
a1 b1 c1
i.e. D = a1 b1 c1 = 0.
a3 b3 c3
(9) If each element of any row (or column) can be expressed as a sum of two terms then the
determinant can be expressed as the sum of two determinants, i.e.
a1  x b1  y c1  z a1 b1 c1 x y z
a2 b2 c2  a2 b2 c 2  a2 b2 c 2
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c 3 a3 b3 c 3
(10) The value of a determinant is not altered by adding to the elements of any row (or column) a
constant multiple of the corresponding elements of any other row (or column),
a1 b1 c1 a1  ma2 b1  mb2 c1  mc 2
i.e. D1 = a2 b2 c 2 and D2 = a2 b2 c2 . Then D2= D1
a3 b3 c3 a3  na1 b3  nb1 c3  nc1
(11) Let A = [aij]n. The sum of the products of elements of any row with corresponding
cofactors of any other row is zero. (Similarly the sum of the products of elements of
any column with corresponding cofactors of any other column is zero).
a b c
Example # 9 Simplify b c a
c a b
Solution : Let R1  R1 + R2 + R3
abc abc abc 1 1 1
  b c a = (a + b + c) b c a
c a b c a b
Apply C1 C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3
0 0 1
= (a + b + c) b  c c  a a
c a a b b
= (a + b + c) ((b – c) (a – b) – (c – a)2)
= (a + b + c) (ab + bc – ca – b2 – c2 + 2ca – a2)
= (a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca – a2 – b2 – c2)  3abc – a3 – b3 – c3
a b c
Example # 10 Simplify a2 b2 c 2
bc ca ab
Solution : Given determinant is equal to
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
1
= a3 b3 c 3 = a3 b3 c3
abc
abc abc abc 1 1 1
Apply C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3
a b2 2
b c
2 2
c 2
= a3  b3 b3  c 3 c3
0 0 1
ADVMD- 11
ab bc c2
= (a – b) (b – c) a  ab  b2
2
b  bc  c 2
2
c3
0 0 1
= (a – b) (b – c) [ab2 + abc + ac2 + b3 + b2C + bc2 – a2b – a2c – ab2 – abc – b3 – b2c]
= (a – b) (b – c) [c(ab + bc + ca) – a(ab + bc + ca)]
= (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (ab + bc + ca)
Self practice problems

0 ba c a
(5) Find the value of  = . a  b 0 c b
ac bc 0
b2  ab b  c bc  ac
(6) Simplify . ab  a2 a  b b2  ab
bc  ac c  a ab  a2
abc 2 a 2 a
(7) Prove that 2 b bc a 2 b = (a + b + c)3.
2 c 2 c c a b
1 a bc
(8) Show that 1 b ca = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) by using factor theorem .
1 c ab
Answers : (5) 0 (6) 0
Application of determinants : Following examples of short hand writing large expressions are:
(i) Area of a triangle whose vertices are (x r, yr); r = 1, 2, 3 is:
x1 y1 1
1
D= x2 y 2 1 If D = 0 then the three points are collinear.
2
x3 y3 1
x y 1
(ii) Equation of a straight line passing through (x 1, y1) & (x2, y2) is x1 y1 1 = 0
x2 y2 1
(iii) The lines : a1x + b1y + c1 = 0........ (1)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0........ (2)
a3x + b3y + c3 = 0........ (3)
a1 b1 c1
are concurrent if, a2 b2 c 2 = 0.
a3 b3 c3
Condition for the consistency of three simultaneous linear equations in 2 variables.
(iv) ax² + 2 hxy + by² + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 represents a pair of straight lines if:
a h g
abc + 2 fgh  af²  bg²  ch² = 0 = h b f
g f c
Singular & non singular matrix : A square matrix A is said to be singular or non-singular according as |A|
is zero or non-zero respectively.
ADVMD- 12
Cofactor matrix & adjoint matrix : Let A = [aij]n be a square matrix. The matrix obtained by replacing
each element of A by corresponding cofactor is called as cofactor
matrix of A, denoted as cofactor A. The transpose of cofactor matrix of
A is called as adjoint of A, denoted as adj A.
i.e. if A = [aij]n
then cofactor A = [cij]n when cij is the cofactor of aij  i & j.
Adj A = [dij]n where dij = cji  i & j.
Properties of cofactor A and adj A :

(a) A . adj A = |A| n = (adj A) A where A = [aij]n.
(b) |adj A| = |A|n – 1, where n is order of A. In particular, for 3 × 3 matrix, |adj A| = |A|2
(c) If A is a symmetric matrix, then adj A are also symmetric matrices.
(d) If A is singular, then adj A is also singular.
Example # 11 : For a 3×3 skew-symmetric matrix A, show that adj A is a symmetric matrix.
 0 a b  c 2 bc ca 
 
Solution : A =  a 0 c  cof A =  bc b2 ab 
 b c 0   ca ab a2 
 
 c 2 bc ca 
 
adj A = (cof A) =  bc b2 ab  which is symmetric.
 ca ab a2 
 
Inverse of a matrix (reciprocal matrix) :

1
Let A be a non-singular matrix. Then the matrix adj A is the multiplicative inverse of A (we call it inverse of
|A|
A) and is denoted by A–1. We have A (adj A) = |A| n = (adj A) A
 1   1 
 A  adj A  = n =  adj A  A, for A is non-singular
| A |  | A | 
1
 A–1 = adj A.
|A|
Remarks :
1. The necessary and sufficient condition for existence of inverse of A is that A is non-singular.
2. A–1 is always non-singular.
3. If A = dia (a11, a22, ....., ann) where aii  0  i, then A–1 = diag (a11– 1, a22–1, ...., ann–1).
4. (A–1) = (A)–1 for any non-singular matrix A. Also adj (A) = (adj A).
5. (A–1)–1 = A if A is non-singular.
1 –1
6. Let k be a non-zero scalar & A be a non-singular matrix. Then (kA)–1 = A .
k
1
7. |A–1| = for |A|  0.
|A|
8. Let A be a non-singular matrix. Then AB = AC  B = C & BA = CA  B= C.
9. A is non-singular and symmetric  A–1 is symmetric.
10. (AB)–1 = B–1 A–1 if A and B are non- singular.
11. In general AB = 0 does not imply A = 0 or B = 0. But if A is non-singular and AB = 0, then B = 0.
Similarly B is non-singular and AB = 0  A = 0. Therefore, AB = 0  either both are singular or one of
them is 0.
ADVMD- 13
1 3 3 
Example # 12 : If A = 1 4 3  , then verify that A adj A = | A | . Also find A–1
1 3 4 
Solution : We have | A | = 1 (16 – 9) – 3 (4 – 3) + 3 (3 – 4) = 1  0
Now C11 = 7, C12 = – 1, C13 = – 1, C21 = – 3, C22 = 1, C23 = 0,C31 = – 3, C32 = 0, C33 = 1
7 –3 –3 
Therefore adj A =  –1 1 0 
 –1 0 1 
1 3 3   7 –3 –3  7 – 3 – 3 –3  3  0 –3  0  3
Now A(adj A) = 1 4 3   –1 1 0  = 7 – 4 – 3 –3  4  0 –3  0  3
  
13 4   –1 0 1  7 – 3 – 4 –3  3  0 –3  0  4
1 0 0 1 0 0
= 0 1 0 = (1) 0 1 0  = |A|. I

0 0 1 0 0 1
 7 –3 –3   7 –3 –3 
adj A =  –1 1 0  =  –1 1 0 
1 1
Also A–1 =
|A| 1
 –1 0 1   –1 0 1 
2 3 
 satisfies the equation A – 4A + I = O, where I is 2 × 2 identity
Example # 13 : Show that the matrix A =  2
 1 2
matrix and O is 2 × 2 zero matrix. Using the equation, find A–1 .
2 3  2 3  7 12
Solution : We have A2 = A.A =     =  
 1 2  1 2 4 7 
7 12 8 12  1 0  0 0 
Hence A2 – 4A + I =   –   +   =   =0
4 7   4 8   0 1 0 0 
Now A2 – 4A + I = 0
Therefore A A – 4A = – I
or AA(A–1) – 4 A A–1 = – I A–1 (Post multiplying by A–1 because |A| 0)
or A (A A–1) – 4I = – A–1 or AI – 4I = – A–1
4 0  2 3   2 –3
or A–1 = 4I – A =   –  =  
0 4   1 2  –1 2 
 2 –3
Hence A–1 =  
 –1 2 
Example # 14 : For two non-singular matrices A & B, show that adj (AB) = (adj B) (adj A)
Solution : We have (AB) (adj (AB)) = |AB| n = |A| |B| n
A–1 (AB)(adj (AB)) = |A| |B| A–1
1
 B adj (AB) = |B| adj A ( A–1 = adj A)
|A|
  B–1 B adj (AB) = |B| B–1 adj A
 adj (AB) = (adjB) (adj A)
(9) If A is non-singular, show that adj (adj A) = |A|n – 2 A.
(10) Prove that adj (A–1) = (adj A)–1.
For any square matrix A, show that |adj (adj A) | = | A |(n1) .
2
(11)
(12) If A and B are non-singular matrices, show that (AB)–1 = B–1 A–1.
ADVMD- 14
Elementary row transformation of matrix :

The following operations on a matrix are called as elementary row transformations.
(a) Interchanging two rows.
(b) Multiplications of all the elements of row by a nonzero scalar.
(c) Addition of constant multiple of a row to another row.
Note : Similar to above we have elementary column transformations also.
Remarks : Two matrices A & B are said to be equivalent if one is obtained from other using elementary
transformations. We write A  B.
Finding inverse using Elementry operations
(i) Using row transformations :
If A is a matrix such that A–1 exists, then to find A–1 using elementary row operations,
Step I : Write A = IA and
Step II : Apply a sequence of row operation on A = IA till we get, I = BA.

The matrix B will be inverse of A.
Note : In order to apply a sequence of elementary row operations on the matrix equation X = AB, we
will apply these row operations simultaneously on X and on the first matrix A of the product AB on RHS.
(ii) Using column transformations :

If A is a matrix such that A–1 exists, then to find A–1 using elementary column operations,
Step I : Write A = AI and
Step II : Apply a sequence of column operations on A = AI till we get, I = AB.
The matrix B will be inverse of A.
Note : In order to apply a sequence of elementary column operations on the matrix equation X = AB, we
will apply these row operations simultaneously on X and on the second matrix B of the product AB on
RHS.
0 1 2 
Example # 15 : Obtain the inverse of the matrix A =  1 2 3  using elementary operations.
 
3 1 1
0 1 2  1 0 0
Solution : Write A = IA, i.e.  1 2 3  , = 0 1 0  A
3 1 1 0 0 1
1 2 3 0 1 0
or    0  A (applying R1  R2)
0 1 2  =  1 0
3 1 1 0 0 1
1 2 3 0 1 0
or 0 1 2  =  1 0 0  A (applying R3  R3 – 3R1)
  
0 –5 –8  0 –3 1 
 1 0 –1  –2 1 0
or 0 1 2  =  1 0 0  A (applying R1  R1 – 2R2)
  
0 –5 –8   0 –3 1 
 1 0 –1  –2 1 0
or 0 1 2  =  1 0 0  A (applying R3  R3 + 5R2)
  
0 0 2   5 –3 1
ADVMD- 15
 
 –2 1 0
 1 0 –1  
or 0 1 2  =A 1 0 0  A (applying R3  R3)
1
    2
0 0 1  
5 –3 1
 2 2 2 
1 1 1
2 –
1 0 0 2 2
 
or 0 1 2  =  1 0 0  A (Applying R1  R1 + R3)
   
0 0 1  
5 –
3 1
 2 2 2 
1 –1 1
2 2 2
1 0 0  
or 0 1 0  =  –4 3 –1 A (Applying R2  R2 – 2R3)
   
0 0 1  
5 –3 1
 2 2 2 
1 1 1
 2 –2 2
 
Hence A–1 =  –4 3 –1
 
 
 5 –3 1
 2 2 2 
System of linear equations & matrices : Consider the system

a11 x1 + a12x2 + .......... + a1nxn = b1
a21x1 + a22 x2 + ..........+ a2n xn = b2
.................................................
am1x1 + am2x2 + ..........+ amnxn = bn.
 b1 
 a11 a12 .......... a1n   x1  b 
a a22 .......... a2n  x   2
Let A =  21  2  & B =  ...  .
,X=
..... ..... .......... ..... ....  
    ... 
am1 am2 .......... amn   x n  bn 
Then the above system can be expressed in the matrix form as AX = B.
The system is said to be consistent if it has atleast one solution.
System of linear equations and matrix inverse:

If the above system consist of n equations in n unknowns, then we have AX = B where A is a square
matrix.
Results :
(1) If A is non-singular, solution is given by X = A–1B.
(2) If A is singular, (adj A) B = 0 and all the columns of A are not proportional, then the system has
infinitely many solutions.
(3) If A is singular and (adj A) B  0, then the system has no solution (we say it is inconsistent).
Homogeneous system and matrix inverse :
If the above system is homogeneous, n equations in n unknowns, then in the matrix form it is AX = O.
( in this case b1 = b2 = ....... bn = 0), where A is a square matrix.
ADVMD- 16
Results :
(1) If A is non-singular, the system has only the trivial solution (zero solution) X = 0
(2) If A is singular, then the system has infinitely many solutions (including the trivial solution) and
hence it has non-trivial solutions.
xyz6
Example # 16 : Solve the system x  y  z  2 using matrix inverse.
2x  y  z  1
1 1 1  x 6 
Solution : Let A =  1 1 1  , X =  y  & B = 2 .
 
2 1 1  z   1 
Then the system is AX = B.
|A| = 6. Hence A is non singular.
0 3 3 
Cofactor A = 2 3 1 
2 0 2
0 2 2 
adj A = 3 3 0 
3 1 2
0 2 2   0 1/ 3 1/ 3 
1   = 1/ 2 1/ 2 0 
1
A–1 = adj A = 3 3 0
|A| 6   
3 1 2 1/ 2 1/ 6 1/ 3 
 0 1/ 3 1/ 3   6  x  1
       
 y  = 2  
–1
X = A B = 1/ 2 1/ 2 0  2 i.e. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3.
1/ 2 1/ 6 1/ 3   1   z  3 
Self practice problems:
0 1 2 
(13) A =  1 2 3  . Find the inverse of A using |A| and adj A.
3 1 1
(14) Find real values of  and µ so that the following systems has
(i) unique solution (ii) infinitely many solutions (iii) No solution.
x+y+z=6
x + 2y + 3z = 1
x + 2y + z = µ
(15) Find  so that the following homogeneous system have a non zero solution
x + 2y + 3z = x
3x + y + 2z = y
2x + 3y + z = z
1 1 1

2 2 2
Answers : (13) 4 3 1 (14) (i)  3, µ  R (ii)  = 3, µ = 1 (iii)  = 3, µ  1 (15)  = 6
5 3 1

2 2 2
ADVMD- 17
Matrix and Determinants

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.
 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A): Matrix, Algebra of Matrix, Transpose, symmetric and skew symmetric
matrix,
[k.M (A) : vkO;wg] vkO;wg dk chtxf.kr] ifjorZ] lefer ,oa fo"ke lefer vkO;wg]
A-1. Construct a 3 × 2 matrix whose elements are given by aij = 2i – j.
,d 3 × 2 eSfVªDl cukb, ftlds vo;o aij = 2i – j ls fn;s tkrs gSA
 1 0 
Ans.  3 2 
 5 4 
Sol. aij = 2i – j
a11 = 2 – 1 = 1, a21 = 4 – 1 = 3, a31 = 2 × 3 – 1= 5
a12 = 2 – 2 = 0, a22 = 2.2 – 2 = 2, 432 = 2 × 3 – 2 = 4.
1 0
 A = 3 2 
5 4 
 x  y 1 z   1 1 4 
A-2. If   =  , find x, y, z, w.
 2x  y 0 w   0 0 5 
 xy 1 z   1 1 4
;fn   =  gks] rks x, y, z, w Kkr dhft,A
 2x  y 0 w   0 0 5 
Ans. (x, y, z, w) = (1, 2, 4, 5)
 xy 1 z  1 1 4
Sol. 2x  y 0 w  =  0 0 5 
   
on comparison (rqyuk djus ij)
x–y=–1  2x – y = 0  z=4  w=5
Hence (vr%) x = 1, y = 2, z = 4, w = 5
 4 –1  0 –1 0 –2

A-3. Let A + B + C =   , 4A + 2B + C =  –3 2  and 9A + 3B + C = 2 then find A
 0 1     1 
 4 –1  0 –1 0 –2
ekuk A + B + C =   , 4A + 2B + C =  –3 2  vkSj 9A + 3B + C = 2 1  rc A Kkr dhft, &
 0 1     
 2 –1/ 2
Ans. 4
 –1 
 –4 0  0 –1
Sol. 3A + B =   , 5A + B =  
 –3 –1 5 –1
 4 –1  2 –1/ 2
 2A =   A= 
8 –2 4 –1 
ADVQE- 1
 1 2 
 4 5 6 
A-4. If A =  3 4  and B =  7 8 2  , will AB be equal to BA. Also find AB & BA.
 5 6   
 1 2 
 4 5 6 
;fn A =  3 4  vkSj B=  7 8 2  gks] rks D;k BA vkSj AB cjkcj gksxs \ AB vkSj BA Hkh Kkr
 5 6   
dhft,A
 18 11 10 
 49 24 
Ans. AB =  16 47 10  , BA =  
 62 23 42   7 58 
1 2 
4 5 6
Sol. A = 3 –4  B=  
5 6  7 –8 2
 4  14 5 – 16 64   18 –11 10 
AB = 12  28 15  32 18 – 8 
  AB =  –16 47 10 
20  42 25 – 48 30  12  62 –23 42 
 4  15  30 8 – 20  36   49 24 
BA =    BA =  
7 – 24  10 14  32  12  –7 58 
 3 4   7 12 
A-5. If A =   , then show that A3 =  
 1 1   3 5 
 3 4   7 12 
;fn A =   gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd A =
3
 3 5 
 1 1   
Sol. Method fo/kh -1
3 –4  3 –4  5 –8
A2 = A.A =     A2 =  
 1 –1  1 –1 2 –3
5 –8  3 –4  7 –12
 A3 = A2 . A =      A3 = 3 –5 
2 –3   1 –1  
Method fo/kh – 2 (mathematical Induction xf.krh; vkxeu fl)kUr ls)

3 –4
A1 =  
 1 –1
1  2m –4m  1  2(m  1) –4(m  1) 
Let ekuk Am =  m   Am+1 = 
 1– 2m  m 1 1– 2(m  1)
1  2m –4m  3 –4  3  6m – 4m –4 – 8m  4m
Also Hkh Am+1 = Am. A =  =
 m 1– 2m  1 –1  3m  1– 2m –4m – 1 2m
1  2(m  1) –4(m  1) 
= 
 m 1 1– 2(m  1)
If Am is true then Am+1 is also true so Am is true in general
;fn Am lR; gS rks Am+1 Hkh lR; gS vr% lkekU;r% Am Hkh lR; gSA
  
 0  tan
2   cos   sin  
A-6. If A =   show that ( + A) = ( – A)  
 tan  0   sin  cos  
 2 
ADVQE- 2
  
 0  tan
;fn A =  2  gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd ( + A) = ( – A)  cos   sin  
  sin 
 tan    cos  
0
 2 
cos  – sin  
Sol. (I + A) = (I – A)  
 sin  cos  
   
1 0  0 – tan 
2  1 – tan 
2
L.H.S. =   +     
 0 1  tan  0   tan  1 
 2   2 
    
  1 0  0 – tan  
cos  – sin    1  tan 
cos  – sin  
2 2
R.H.S.    –        sin  cos  
 0 1      sin  cos    – tan    
 tan 0  1
  2    2 
  
     cos   
 cos   2 sin sin sin  –2cos  
     
cos  
2 2 2 2
 cos   sin  tan 2 – sin   tan 2 cos   

 2 
   
 – tan  cos   sin  sin  tan   cos      
 2 2 
 sin   cos    2  
 –  2cos  cos   2 sin

2  2 2
  cos  
  2  
 
 1 – tan 
2
 
 tan  1 
 2 
cos x  sin x 0 
A-7. Given F(x) =  sin x cos x 0  . If x  R Then for what values of y, F(x + y) = F(x) F(y).
 0 0 1
cos x  sin x 0 
fn;k x;k gSa fd F(x) =  sin x cos x 0  . ;fn x R gks] rks y ds fdl eku ds fy,
 0 0 1
F(x + y) = F(x) F(y) gSA
Ans. y  R
cos x – sin x 0  cos(x  y) – sin(x  y) 0 
Sol. F(x) =  sin x cos x 0  ; F(x + y) =  sin(x  y) cos(x  y) 0 
 
 0 0 1  0 0 1
cos x – sin x 0  cos y – sin y 0 
F(x). F(y) =  sin x cos x 0   sin y cos y 0 
 0 0 1  0 0 1
cos x cos y – sin x sin y – cos x sin y – sin x cos y 0 cos(x  y) – sin(x  y) 0 
=  sin x cos y  cos x sin y cos x cos y – sin x sin y 0 =  sin(x  y) cos(x  y) 0  = F (x + y)
 0 0 1  0 0 1
yR
A-8. Let A = [aij]n × n where aij = i2 – j2 . Show that A is skew-symmetric matrix.

ekuk A = [aij]n × n tgk¡ aij = i2 – j2 ] iznf'kZr dhft, A fo"ke lefer gSaA
ADVQE- 3
12 – 12 12 – 22 12 – 32 0 –3 –8
Sol. A = 22 – 12 22 – 2 2 22 – 32 = 3 0 –5
32 – 12 3 2 – 22 32 – 32 8 5 0
So A is skew symmetric matrix
vr% A fo"ke lefer vkO;wg gS
1 4 6  0 2 3   1 7 9
A-9. If C = 7 2 5   –2 0 4   4 2 8  , then trace of C + C3 + C5 + ........ + C99 is
9 8 3   –3 –4 0   6 5 3 
1 4 6  0 2 3   1 7 9
;fn C = 7 2 5   –2 0 4   4 2 8  gks rc C + C3 + C5 + ........ + C99 dk vuqjs[k gS &
  
9 8 3   –3 –4 0   6 5 3 
Ans. Zero
Sol. C = ABAT where BT = – B
 CT = (AT)T BTAT = – ABAT = – C
C is skew matrix  C3, C5 , ........... ,C99 are also skew matrix
 trace of C + C3 + C5 + ......+ C99 is zero
Hindi. C = ABAT tgk¡ BT = – B

 CT = (AT)T BTAT = – ABAT = – C
C fo"ke lefer gS  C3, C5 , ........... ,C99 fo"ke lefer gS
 C + C3 + C5 + ......+ C99 dk vuqjs[k 'kwU; gS
Section (B) : Determinant of Matrix

[k.M (B) : vkO;wg dk lkjf.kd
0 1 sec 
B-1. If the minor of three-one element (i.e. M31) in the determinant tan   sec  tan  is 1 then find the
1 0 1
value of . (0 ).
0 1 sec 
nh xbZ lkjf.kd tan   sec  tan  esa vo;o 3-1 ds milkjf.kd ¼vFkkZr M31½ dk eku 1 gS] rks  dk eku
1 0 1
Kkr dhft;s tgk¡ (0 ).
3
Ans. 0, , 
4
0 1 sec 
1 sec 
Sol. tan  – sec  tan  ; M31 = =1
– sec  tan
1 0 1
tan  + sec2  = 1 ( 1 + tan2  = sec2 )
tan  = – tan2   tan (1 + tan ) = 0  tan  = 0, tan  = – 1

 = n or ;k  = n – , n  I
4
B-2. Using the properties of determinants, evalulate:

lkjf.kd ds xq.k/keksZ ds mi;ksx ls fuEu ds eku Kkr dhft;sA
23 6 11 0 c b
(i) 36 5 26 (ii) c 0 a
63 13 37 b a 0
ADVQE- 4
103 115 114 113 116 104 13  3 2 5 5

(iii) 111 108 106 + 108 106 111 . (iv) 15  26 5 10
104 113 116 115 114 103 3  65 15 5
Ans. (i) 0 (ii) 0 (iii) 0 (iv) 5(3 2  5 3)
23 6 11
Sol. (i) 36 5 26
63 13 37
Applying C2  2C2 + C3 ls
23 23 11
36 36 11
63 63 37
In this two rows are similar so |A| = 0
blesa nks iafDr;ksa leku gS blfy, |A| = 0
0 c b
(ii) c 0 a
b a 0
It is skew-symmetric determinant of odd order so |A| = 0
;g fo"ke Øe dh fo"ke lefer vkO;wg gS blfy, |A| = 0
103 115 114 113 116 104

(iii) 111 108 106 + 108 106 111
104 113 116 115 114 103
Applying operation in first determinant
izFke lkjf.kd esa
C1  C2
115 103 114 113 116 104
 108 111 106 + 108 106 111
113 104 116 115 114 103
Applying operation in first determinant izFke lkjf.kd
C2  C3
115 114 103 113 116 104
= 108 106 111 + 108 106 111
113 116 104 115 114 103
Applying operation in first determinant izFke lkjf.kd
R1  R3
113 116 104 113 116 104
– 108 106 111 + 108 106 111 = 0
115 114 103 115 114 103
13  3 2 5 5 3 2 5 5 13 2 5 5
(iv) 15  26 5 10 = 15 5 10  26 5 10
3  65 15 5 3 15 5 65 15 5
1 2 1 1 2 1
= 3 5 5 5 5 2  13 5 5 2 5 2
3 3 5 5 3 5
ADVQE- 5
C1  C1  C2
1 2 1
= 5 3 0 5 2 = 5(3 2  5 3)
0 3 5
B-3. Prove that :

fl) dhft, &
1 1 1
(i) a b c = (a  b) (b  c) (c  a) (a + b + c)
3
a b 3
c 3
a b  c a2
(ii) b c  a b2 =  (a + b + c) (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)
c a  b c2
bc a a
(iii) b c a b = 4 abc
c c a b
1 a2 a4 1 1 1
(iv) If 1 b2 b4 = (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) a b c .
1 c2 c4 a2 b2 c2
1 a2 a4 1 1 1
;fn 1 b2 b4 = (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) a b c .
1 c2 c4 a2 b2 c2
1 1 1
Sol. (i) a b c = (a  b) (b  c) (c  a) (a + b + c)
a3 b3 c 3
Applying C1  C1 – C2 & C2  C2 – C3 ls
0 0 1 0 0 1
ab bc c = (a – b) (b – c) 1 1 c
a3  b3 b3  c 3 c3 a2  b2  ab b2  c 2  bc c 3
= (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (a + b + c)
a b  c a2
(ii) b c  a b2
c a  b c2
Applying C2  C2 + C1 (lafØ;k C2  C2 + C1 ls½
a abc a 2
a 1 a2
b b  c  a b2 = (a + b + c) b 1 b2
c c  a  b c2 c 1 c2
1 a a2
= – (a + b + c) 1 b b2 = – (a + b + c) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
1 c c2
ADVQE- 6
bc a a
(iii) b c a b by R1  R1 + R2 + R3
c c a b
bc a  c a  b
= 2 b c a b by R1  R1 – R3
c c ab
b a 0
=2 b c a b = 2 [b((c + a)(a + b) – cb) – a(ab + b2 – bc)]
c c a b
= 2 [b(ac + cb + a2 + ab – cb) – a2b – ab2 + abc]
= 2 [abc + a2b + ab2 – a2b – ab2 + abc] = 4 abc
1 a2 a4 1 1 1
(iv) 1 b2 b4 =K a b c  (a2 – b2) (b2 – c2) (c2 – a2) = K(a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
1 c2 c4 a2 b2 c2
  K = (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
B-4. If a, b, c are positive and are the pth, qth, rth terms respectively of a G.P., show without expanding that,
loga p 1
logb q 1 = 0.
logc r 1
;fn xq.kksÙkj Js<+h ds posa, qosa rFkk r osa in Øe'k% a, b, c rFkk /kukRed gks] rks fcuk foLrkj ds iznf'kZr dhft, fd
loga p 1
logb q 1 = 0.
logc r 1
loga p 1
Sol. logb q 1 = 0
logc r 1
Here a = ARp–1, b = ARq–1 , C = ARr–1
log ARp–1 p 1 logA  (p – 1)logR p 1
q–1
log AR q 1 = logA  (q – 1)logR q 1
log ARr –1 r 1 logA  (r – 1)logR r 1
Applying R2  R2  R1 & R3  R3 – R1
log A  (p – 1)logR p 1 log A  (p – 1)logR p 1
logR(q – p) q – p 0 = (r – p)(q – p) logR 1 0 =0
logR(r – p) r –p 0 logR 1 0
B-5. Find the non  zero roots of the equation,     

 fuEufyf[kr lehdj.kksa ds v'kwU; ewy Kkr dhft;s&
a b ax  b 15  2 x 11 10
 (i) = b c bx  c = 0. (ii) 11  3 x 17 16 = 0
ax  b bx  c c 7  x 14 13
Ans. (i) x =  2 b/a (ii) 4
ADVQE- 7
a b ax  b
Sol. (i) b c bx  c = 0
ax  b bx  c c
Applying lafØ;k C3  C3 – C2 ls
a b ax a b a
b c bx = 0  x b c b =0
ax  b bx  c –bx ax  b bx  c –b
0 b a
x 0 c b  x(ax + 2b)(b2 – ac) = 0
ax  2b bx  c –b
2b
 Non zero root of equation lehdj.k dk v'kwU; ewy x = –
a
15 – 2x 11 10
(ii) 11– 3x 17 16
7 – x 14 13
15 – 2x 1 10
11– 3x 1 16 = 0
7–x 1 13
Applying lafØ;k R1  R1 – R3 & ,oa R2  R2 – R3 ls
8 – x 0 –3
4 – 2x 0 3 = 0  –1[(8 – x)3 + 3(4 – 2x)] = 0  9x = 36  x = 4
7 – x 1 13
S0 S1 S2
B-6. If Sr = r + r + r then show that S1 S2 S3 = (  )2 ( )2 (  )2.
S2 S3 S4
S0 S1 S2
;fn Sr = r + r + r gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd S1 S2 S3 = (  )2 ( )2 (  )2.
S2 S3 S4
s0 s1 s2 3    2  2   2
Sol. = s1 s2 s3 =    2  2   2 3  3   3
s2 s3 s4  2  2   2 3  3   3  4  4   4
2
1 1 1
=    = ( – )2 ( – )2 ( – )2
2 2 2
a1 l1  b1 m1 a1 l2  b1 m2 a1 l3  b1 m3
B-7. Show that a2 l1  b2 m1 a2 l2  b2 m2 a2 l3  b2 m3 = 0.
a3 l1  b3 m1 a3 l2  b3 m2 a3 l3  b3 m3
a1 l1  b1 m1 a1 l2  b1 m2 a1 l3  b1 m3
iznf'kZr dhft, fd a2 l1  b2 m1 a2 l2  b2 m2 a2 l3  b2 m3 = 0.
a3 l1  b3 m1 a3 l2  b3 m2 a3 l3  b3 m3
ADVQE- 8
a1 1  b1 m1 a1 2  b1m2 a1 3  b1 m3 a1 b1 0 1 2 3
Sol. a2 1  b2 m1 a2 2  b2m2 a2 3  b2 m3 = a2 b2 0 m1 m2 m3 =0
a3 1  b3 m1 a3 2  b3 m2 a3 3  b3 m3 a3 b3 0 0 0 0
ex sin x
B-8. If = A + Bx + Cx 2 + ....., then find the value of A and B.
cos x n(1  x)
ex sin x
;fn = A + Bx + Cx 2 + ....., rc A rFkk B dk eku Kkr dhft,A
cos x n(1  x)
Ans. A = 0, B = 0
ex sin x
Sol. = A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 + ...
cos x ln(1  x)
Putting x = 0  A = 0.
Further on differentiating w.r.t. x
ex cos x
ex sin x
+ 1 = B + 2Cx + 3Dx 2 + ...
 sin x ln(1  x) cos x
(1  x)
Putting x = 0  B = 0
ex sin x
Hindi. = A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 + ...
cos x ln(1  x)
x = 0 j[kus ij  A = 0.
x rds lkis{k vodyu djus ij
ex cos x
ex sin x
+ 1 = B + 2Cx + 3Dx 2 + ...
 sin x ln(1  x) cos x
(1  x)
x = 0 j[kus ij  B = 0
Section (C) : Cofactor matrix, adj matrix and inverse of matrix

[k.M (C) : lg[k.M vkO;wg] lg[k.Mt vkO;wg ,oa vkO;wg dk izfrykse
 2 1  5 2   2 5 
C-1. If A =   ,B=   ,C=  and AB – CD = 0 find D.
3 4  7 4  3 8 
 2 1   5 2   2 5 
;fn A =   ,B=   ,C=  vkSj AB – CD = 0 gks] rks D Kkr dhft,A
3 4   7 4   3 8 
 191 110 
Ans.  77
 44 
2 –1 5 2  2 5 
Sol. A=   B=   C=  
3 4   7 4  3 8 
a b 3 0 3a  5c 2b  5d
Let ekuk D =   then gks rks AB =
  & ,oa CD =  
c d  43 22 3a  8c 3b  8d
 3 – 2a – 5c –2b – 5d 
AB – CD =   =0
 43 – 3a – 8c 22 – 3b – 8d
 a = – 191, c = 77, b = –110, d = 44
 –191 –110 
D=  
 77 44 
C-2. (i) Prove that (adj adj A) = |A|n–2 A

ADVQE- 9
(ii) Find the value of |adj adj adj A| in terms of |A|
(i) fl) dhft, fd (adj adj A) = |A|n–2 A
(ii) |adj adj adj A| dk |A| ds inksa esa eku Kkr dhft,A
| A |(n1)
3
Ans. (ii)
Sol. (i) we know that A. adj A = |A| .  and |adj A| = |A|n – 1
 adj A. (adj adj A) = |adj A| 
Pre-multiplying A  A. adj A. (adj adj A) = A |A|n – 1 
 |A| .  (adj adj A) = A |A| (n – 1)
 (adj adj A) = A |A|(n – 2)
(ii) We know that |adj A| = |A| n–1
 |adj (adj(adj A))| = |adj (adj A)|n – 1
= | adjA |(n–1) = | A |(n–1)
2 3
Hindi. (i) ge tkurs gSa fd A. adj A = |A| .  vkSj |adj A| = |A|n – 1

 adj A. (adj adj A) = |adj A| 
A ls iwoZ xq.ku djus ij
 A. adj A. (adj adj A) = A |A|n – 1   |A| .  (adj adj A) = A |A|(n – 1) 
  (adj adj A) = A |A| (n – 2)
(ii) ge tkurs gSa fd |adj A| = |A|n – 1

|adj (adj(adj A))| = |adj (adj A)|n – 1 = | adjA |(n–1) = | A |(n–1)
2 3
 3 1 1   1 2 2 
C-3. 
If A =  15 6 5
–1  & B =  1 3 0  , find (AB)–1
  
 5 2 2   0 2 1 
 3 1 1   1 2 2 
;fn A–1 =  15 6 5  vkSj B =  1 3 0  gks] rks (AB)–1 Kkr dhft,A
 5 2 2   0 2 1 
9 3 5 
Ans.  2 1 0 

 1 0 2
 3 –1 1   1 2 –2
Sol. A =  –15
–1
6 –5 B =  –1 3 0 
 5 –2 2   0 –2 1 
(AB)–1 = B–1A–1
3 1 2 
 Matrix formed by Cofactors of B =  2 1 2 
6 2 5 
3 2 6 
Transpose of formed by Cofactors of B = adjB =  1 1 2 
2 2 5 
3 2 6 
 1 1 2
   9 –3 5 
 2 2 5 
B A =  –2 1 0 
adjB
  –1
B = B =
–1
 –1 –1
|B| 1
 1 0 2
 3 –1 1   1 2 –2
Hindi. A–1 =  –15 6 –5 B =  –1 3 0 
 5 –2 2   0 –2 1 
ADVQE- 10
3 1 2 
(AB) = B A 
–1 –1 –1
 B ds lg[k.Mksa ls cuk vkO;wg B =  2 1 2 
6 2 5 
B ds lg[k.Mksa dks ifjofrZr djds B = adjB = cukrs gS
3 2 6 
 1 1 2
   9 –3 5 
 2 2 5 
B A =  –2 1 0 
adjB
 –1
B = B =
–1
 –1 –1
|B| 1
 1 0 2
C-4. If A is a symmetric and B skew symmetric matrix and (A + B) is non-singular and C = (A + B)–1 (A – B),
then prove that
(i) CT (A + B) C = A + B (ii) CT (A – B) C = A – B
;fn A lefer gS rFkk B fo"ke lefer vkO;wg gS rFkk (A + B) O;qRØe.kh; gS vkSj C = (A + B)–1 (A – B), rc fl)
dhft;s
(i) CT (A + B) C = A + B (ii) CT (A – B) C = A – B
Sol. (i) (A + B) C = (A +B) (A + B)–1 (A – B)
(A + B) C = A – B .........(i)
CT = ((A + B)–1 (A – B))T = (A – B)T ((A + B)–1)T
= (A – B)T ((A + B)T)–1 Here {|A + B|  0  (A + B)T |  0  |A – B |  0 }
= (A + B) (A – B)–1 ........(ii)
By (i) and (ii) (i) o (ii) ls
CT (A + B) C = (A + B) (A – B)–1 (A – B)
C–1 (A + B) C = A + B ........(iii)
(ii) Taking transpose of (iii) dk ifjorZ ysus ij
CT (A – B) C = A – B.
0 1 2   1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 
C-5. If A =  1 2 3  , A–1 =

 4
 3 c  , then find values of a & c.

 3 a 1   5 / 2 3 / 2 1/ 2 
0 1 2   1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 
A =  1 2 3  , A–1 =  4 3 c  gks rks a vkSj c dk eku Kkr dhft,A
 3 a 1   5 / 2 3 / 2 1/ 2 
Ans. a = 1, c = – 1
 1 1 1 
  
0 1 2  2 2 2
 
Sol. A =  1 2 3 
 A–1 =  4 3 c 
 1 
 3 a 1  5

3
 
2 2  2 
 0 1 2   1 1 1   2 0 2c  2 
1     1 
AA =    1 2 3   8 6 2c  = 
–1
 0 2 4c  4   = 
2 2
 3 a 1   5 3 1  8  8a 6a  6 4  2ca 
 2c + 2 = 0, 8 – 8a = 0  c = – 1, a = 1
Section (D) : Charactristic equation and system of equations

[k.M (D) : vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k ,oa lehdj.kksa dk fudk;
3 2  –1
D-1. For the matrix A =   find a & b so that A + aA + b = 0. Hence find A .
2
 1 1 
ADVQE- 11
3 2 
eSfVªDl A =   ds fy, a vkSj b ds eku Kkr dhft, tcfd A + aA + b = 0 gks rFkk A Hkh Kkr dhft,A
2 –1
 1 1 
 1 2 
Ans. a = – 4, b = 1, A–1 =  
 1 3 
3 2  3 2 3 2 11 8
Sol. A=    A = 1 =  
2
 1 1   1  1 1  4 3
11 8 3a 2a b 0  11  3a  b 8  2a 
A2 + aA + bI = 0    +   + 0 b  = 0   4  a =0
4 3 a a    3  a  b
8 + 2a = 0, 3 + a + b = 0  a = – 4, b = 1
 1 –2
 
adj A  –1 3   1 –2
A–1 =   A–1 =  
|A| 1  –1 3 
D-2. Find the total number of possible square matrix A of order 3 with all real entries, whose adjoint matrix B
has characterstics polynomial equation as 3 – 2 +  + 1 = 0.
3 Øe ds lHkh oxZ vkO;wg A dh la[;k Kkr dhft, ftlds lHkh vo;o okLrfod gS rFkk ftldh lg[k.Mt vkO;wg
B dh vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k 3 – 2 +  + 1 = 0 gSA
Ans. 0
Sol. |B| = – 1  |A|2 = – 1  A has not all real entries ds okLrfod vo;o ugh gSA
 1 1 2 
D-3. If A =  0 2 1  , show that A3 = (5A – ) (A – )
 1 0 2 
 1 1 2 
;fn A =  0 2 1  gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd A3 = (5A – ) (A – )
 1 0 2 
 1 1 2
Sol. A = 0 2 1 ; A3 = 5A2 – 6AI + I2
 1 0 2
3 3 7  10 9 23
A =  1 4 4  and vkSj A =  5 9 14 
2   3
3 1 6   9 5 19 
10 9 23 
5A – 6A + I =  5 9 14  = A3
2
 9 5 19 
D-4. Apply Cramer's rule to solve the following simultaneous equations.

Øsej fu;e ds iz;ksx ls fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k fudk; dk gy Kkr dhft,A
(i) 2 x + y + 6 z = 46
5 x  6 y + 4 z = 15
7 x + 4 y  3 z = 19
(ii) x  2y + 3z = 2
x–y+z=3
5x – 11y + z = 17
Ans. (i) x = 3, y = 4, z = 6
ADVQE- 12
5k 8 2k 1
(ii) x= –  , y=– – , z = k, where tgk¡ k  R
3 3 3 3
Sol. (i) 2x + y + 6z = 46
5x – 6y + 4z = 15
7x + 4y – 3z = 19
2 1 6 46 1 6
 = 5 –6 4 = 419, x = 15 –6 4 = 1257,
7 4 –3 19 4 –3
2 46 6 2 1 46
y = 5 15 4 = 1676, z = 5 –6 15 = 2514
7 19 –3 7 4 19
x y 
x= = 3, y = = 4, z = z = 6
  
(ii) x  2y + 3z = 2
x–y+z=3
5x – 11y + z = 17
1 2 3 2 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 2
  = 1 –1 1 = 0, x = 3 –1 1 = 0, y = 1 3 1 = 0, z = 1 –1 3 = 0
5 –11 1 17 –11 1 5 17 1 5 –11 17
 given system of equations has infinite solutions.
nh xbZ lehdj.k fudk; ds vuUr gy gS
Let ekuk z = k
x  2y = 2 – 3k
x–y=3–k
5k 8 2k 1
 x= –  , y =– – , z = k, where tgk¡ k  R
3 3 3 3
4 3 6 6
D-5. Solve using Cramer’s rule:  = 1 &  =  5.
x5 y7 x5 y7
4 3 6 6
Øsej fu;e ds iz;ksx ls gy dhft, :  =  1 rFkk  =  5.
x5 y7 x5 y7
Ans. x =  7, y =  4
4 3 6 6
Sol.  = –1 &  =5
x5 y7 x5 y7
1 1
Put = t& =µ j[kus ij
x5 y7
–1
4t + 3µ = –1 & 6t – 6µ = – 5  t = & µ =1/3  x = –7, y = – 4
2
D-6. Find those values of c for which the equations:

2x+3y = 3
(c + 2) x + (c + 4) y = c + 6
(c + 2)² x + (c + 4)² y = (c + 6)² are consistent.
Also solve above equations for these values of c.
c ds og eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, lehdj.k fudk;
2x+3y = 3
(c + 2) x + (c + 4) y = c + 6
(c + 2)² x + (c + 4)² y = (c + 6)² laxr gS
ADVQE- 13
rFkk c ds bu ekuksa ds fy, Åij nh xbZ lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft,A

1 4
Ans. for c = 0, x =  3, y = 3 ds fy,; for c =  10 ds fy,, x =  ,y=
2 3
2 3 3
Sol. For consistency of the equation c2 c4 c6 =0
(c  2) 2
(c  4) 2
(c  6) 2
this gives c = 0 and c = – 10

for c = 0, we get
x=–3
1 4
y=3 and for c = – 10, we get x = – ,y=
2 3
2 3 3
Hindi lehdj.kksa dh laxr~rk ds fy, c2 c 4 c 6 =0
(c  2) 2
(c  4) 2
(c  6) 2
vr% c = 0 vkSj c = – 10
c = 0 ds fy,–
x=–3
1 4
y = 3 vkSj c = – 10 ds fy, x = – ,y=
2 3
D-7. Solve the following systems of linear equations by matrix method.

fuEu jsf[kd lehdj.k fudk; dks vkO;wg fof/k dh lgk;rk ls gy dhft,&
(i) 2x  y + 3z = 8 (ii) x+y+z=9
 x + 2y + z = 4 2x + 5y + 7z = 52
3x + y  4z = 0 2x + y  z = 0
Ans. (i) x = 2, y = 2, z = 2 (ii) x = 1, y = 3, z = 5
Sol. (i) 2x  y + 3z = 8
 x + 2y + z = 4
3x + y  4z = 0
AX = B
1
x  2 1 3  8 
 X = A–1 B   y    1 2 1   4   
 z   3 1 4  0 
x  9 1 7   8  76 
  y    1 17 5   4   1 76  
1
  |A| = – 38     38  
38
 z  7 5 3  0  76 
  x = 2, y = 2 & z = 2
(ii) x+y+z=9
2x + 5y + 7z = 52
2x + y  z = 0
1
x  1 1 1  9 
 
  X=A B –1   y    2 
5 7  52  
 z  2 1 1 0 
 x   3 1/ 2 1/ 2  9  x  1 
     
  |A| = – 4   y    4 3 / 4 5 / 4  52    y  = 3   x = 1, y = 3 & z = 31
 z   2 1/ 4 3 / 4  0   z  31
ADVQE- 14
D-8. Investigate for what values of ,  the simultaneous equations

x + y + z = 6; x + 2 y + 3 z = 10 & x + 2 y +  z =  have;
(a) A unique solution
(b) An infinite number of solutions.
(c) No solution.
 rFkk  ds og eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, lehdj.k fudk;
x + y + z = 6; x + 2 y + 3 z = 10 ,oa x + 2 y +  z =  ds
(a) vf}rh; gy gksxsaA (b) vuUr gy gSaA (c) dksbZ gy ugha gSaA
Ans. (a)   3 (b)  = 3,  = 10 (c)  = 3,   10
1 1 1 6 1 1
Sol.  = 1 2 3 =  –3 ; x = 10 2 3 = 2 + µ – 16
1 2  µ 2 
1 6 1 1 1 6
y = 1 10 3 = 4 – 2µ + 8 ; z = 1 2 10 = (µ – 10)
1 µ  1 2 µ
(i) For unique solution  0    3
(ii) For infinite no. of solution  = 0, x = 0, y = 0, z = 0.
  = 3, µ = 10
(iii) For no. solution  = 0, & at least are of x,y, z is non-zero.
  = 3, µ  10
1 1 1 6 1 1
Hindi.  = 1 2 3 =  –3 ; x = 10 2 3 = 2 + µ – 16
1 2  µ 2 
1 6 1 1 1 6
y = 1 10 3 = 4 – 2µ + 8 ; z = 1 2 10 = (µ – 10)
1 µ  1 2 µ
(i) vf}rh; gy ds fy,  0    3

(ii) vuUr gyksa dh la[;k ds fy,  = 0, x = 0, y = 0, z = 0.
  = 3, µ = 10
(iii) gyksa dh la[;k ds fy,  = 0, rFkk x,y, z es ls de ls de ,d v'kwU; gS
  = 3, µ  10
  4 4 4   1  1 1 
D-9. Determine the product   7 1 3   1  2  2  and use it to solve the system of
 
 5  3  1   2 1 3 
equations x – y + z = 4, x – 2 y – 2 z = 9, 2 x + y + 3 z = 1.
  4 4 4   1  1 1 

xq.kuQy   7 1 3   1  2  2  Kkr dhft, vkSj bldk mi;ksx djds lehdj.k fudk;
 
 5  3  1   2 1 3 
x – y + z = 4, x – 2 y – 2 z = 9, 2 x + y + 3 z = 1 dks gy dhft,A
Ans. x = 3, y = – 2, z = – 1
 4 4 4   1 1 1  8 0 0 
Sol.  7 1 3   1 2 2 = 0 8 0    AB = 8
     
 5 3 1 2 1 3  0 0 8 
x–y+z=4  x – 2y – 2z = 9   2x + y + 3z = 1
 1 1 1  x  
4
 1 2 2 y = 9   BX = C
   
2 1 3   z  1 
ADVQE- 15
1
 AB = 8  AB = 
8
A
B–1 B =   B–1 =
8
So (vr%) X = B–1C
 4 4 4  4
1   9 
X=  7 1 3   
8
 5 3 1 1 
x  24  3 
 y  = 1  16  =  2   x = 3, y = – 2, z = – 1
  8    
 z   8   1 
3 2 3 
D-10. Compute A1, if A =  2 1 1 Hence solve the matrix equations
 
 4 3 2 
3 0 3  x 8  2y 
2 1 0  y    1   z  .
       
 4 0 2  z   4  3y 
3 2 3  3 0 3  x 8  2y 
;fn A =  2 1 1 gks] rks A1 Kkr dhft,A vkO;wg lehdj.k  2 1 0  y
    1
   z .
 
 4 3 2   4 0 2  z   4  3y 
dks gy dhft,A
1 5 1
1 
Ans. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3, A = –1
 8 6 9 
17
10 1 7 
3 2 3 
Sol. A =  2 1 1 
 4 3 2 
 1 5 1
Adj.A =  8 6 9  
AdjA
 |A| = –17  A–1 =
|A|
 10 1 7 
1 5 1 3x  0  3z  8  2y 
1   2x  y  0  = 1  z 
A–1= 8 6 9  
17     
10 1 7   4x  0  2z   4  3y 
 3x + 3z = 8 + 2y 2x + y = 1 + z  4x + 2z = 4 + 3y
By Solving gy djus ij x = 1, y = 2 & z = 3
D-11. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true fuEu es ls dkSulk dFku lR; gS:
4x  5y  2z  2
S1 : The system of equations 5x  4y  2z  3 is Inconsistent.
2x  2y  8z  1
4x  5y  2z  2
lehdj.k fudk; 5x  4y  2z  3 vlaxr gSA
2x  2y  8z  1
S2 : A matrix ‘A’ has 6 elements. The number of possible orders of A is 6.
ADVQE- 16
,d eSfVªDl A esa 6 vo;o gSa] rc A ds lHkh laHko Øeksa (orders) dh la[;k 6 gSA
10 0 
S3 : For any 2 × 2 matrix A, if A (adjA) =   , then |A| = 10.
 0 10 
10 0 
fdlh 2 × 2 Øe ds eSfVªDl ds fy, ;fn A (adjA) =   gks] rks |A| = 10.
 0 10 
S4 : If A is skew symmetric, then BAB is also skew symmetric.
;fn A fo"ke lefer gS] rks BAB Hkh fo"ke lefer gksxkA
Ans. S1, S3, S4
4 5 2
Sol. S1 = 5 4 2
2 2 8
A = 0, singular
And (adj A) B = 0 system is inconsistent
S2 Obviously the possible orders are 1 × 6, 2 × 3, 3 × 2 and 6 × 1.
No. of possible orders is 4
10 0  1 0 
S3 A (adj A) =    A (adj A) = 10    A (adj A) = A n
 0 10  1 1
  A = 10
S4 if C = BAB
C = (B AB) = BA (B) = BAB = – BAB here A= – A
4 5 2
Hindi. S1 = 5 4 2
2 2 8
A = 0, vO;qRØe.kh; gS
rFkk (adj A) B = 0 vlaxr fudk; gS
S2 Li"Vr% laHko Øe 1 × 6, 2 × 3, 3 × 2 rFkk 6 × 1 gS
laHkkfor Øeksa dh la[;k 4 gS
10 0  1 0 
S3 A (adj A) =    A (adj A) = 10    A (adj A) = A n
 0 10  1 1
  A = 10
S4 ;fn C = BAB
C = (B AB) = BA (B) = BAB = – BAB ;gk¡ A= – A
D-12_. Let A is non scalar matrix of order two satisfying the relation A2 + A + m = O, then prove that
characterstic equation of matrix A is x 2 + x + m = 0.
ekuk A nks Øe dk v'kwU; vfn'k vkO;wg gS tks lEcU/k A2 + A + m = O dks larq"B djrk gS rc fl) dhft, fd
vkO;wg A dk vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k x2 + x + m = 0 gSA
a b
Sol. Let A =  
c d
a b a b a b 1 0 0 0
Now     +   + m  
c d c d c d 0 1 0 0
 a2 + bc + a + m = 0, ab + bd + b = 0,
ADVQE- 17
ac + dc + c = 0, bc + d2 + d + m = 0
Now b(a + d + ) = 0, c(a + d + ) = 0
Because A is non scalar, so atleast one of the b, c is non zero, so a + d + = 0   = –(a + d)
Now a2 + bc + a(–a – d) + m = 0  bc – ad + m = 0 Þ m = ad – bc
Now characterstic equation is x 2 – (a + d)x + ad – bc = 0  x2 + x + m = 0
a b
Sol. ekuk A =  
c d
a b a b a b  1 0 0 0
vc     +   + m  
c d c d c d 0 1 0 0
 a2 + bc + a + m = 0, ab + bd + b = 0,
ac + dc + c = 0, bc + d2 + d + m = 0
vc b(a + d + ) = 0, c(a + d + ) = 0
pwafd A vfn'k ugha gS blfy, b, c es ls de ls de ,d v'kwU; gS a + d + = 0   = –(a + d)
vc a2 + bc + a(–a – d) + m = 0  bc – ad + m = 0  m = ad – bc
vc vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k x2 – (a + d)x + ad – bc = 0  x2 + x + m = 0
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A): Matrix, Algebra of Matrix, Transpose, symmetric and skew symmetric
matrix,
[k.M (A) : vkO;wg] vkO;wg dk chtxf.kr] ifjorZ] lefer ,oa fo"ke lefer vkO;wg]
x2  x x  0 1 0 2

A-1.   +   = 5 1  then x is equal to -
 3 2 x  1 x   
(A*) – 1 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) No value of x
x2  x x  0 1 0 2
  +   = 5 1  rks x dk eku gS &
 3 2 x  1 x   
(A) – 1 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) x dk dksbZ eku ugha
x  x x
2
 0 –1 0 –2   x  x x – 12
0 –2   x 2  x x – 1 0 –2
Sol.   +   =      =      =  
 3 2  –x  1 x  5 1   –x  4 x  2 5 1   –x  4 x  2  5 1 
On comparing rqyuk djus ij
x2 + x = 0  x = 0, –1 x–1=–2x=–1
–x+4=5x=–1 x+2=1x= –1
Hence the value of x is – 1. vr% x dk eku –1 gS
ADVQE- 18
 1  5 4 0 
A-2. If A =  2  and B = 0
 2 1 , then
3   1 3 2 
 5 8 0
(A) AB =  0 4 2 (B) AB = [– 2 – 1 4]
 3 9 6 
 1
(C) AB =  1  (D*) AB does not exist
 1 
 1  5 4 0 
;fn A =  2  vkSj B =  0 2 1 gks] rks &
3   1 3 2 
 5 8 0 
(A) AB =  0 4 2 (B) AB = [– 2 – 1 4]
 3 9 6 
 1
(C) AB =  1  (D) AB fo|eku ugha gSA
 1 
Sol. Matrix A has order (3 × 1) and Matrix B has order (3 × 3).

So multiplication AB is not possible.
Hindi. vkO;wg A dk Øe (3 × 1) rFkk vkO;wg B dk Øe (3 × 3) gS
vr% AB dk xq.kuQy laHko ugha gS
A-3. If AB = O for the matrices

 cos2  cos  sin   cos2  cos  sin 
A=   and B =   then  –  is
cos  sin  sin2   cos  sin  sin2  

(A*) an odd multiple of (B) an odd multiple of 
2

(C) an even multiple of (D) 0
2
 cos2  cos  sin   cos2  cos  sin 
;fn A =   vkS j B =   ds fy, AB = O gks] rks  –  gSa &
cos  sin  sin   cos  sin  sin2  
2
 
(A) dk fo"ke xq.kt (B)  dk fo"ke xq.kt (C) dk le xq.kt (D) 0
2 2
Sol. AB = 0
cos2  cos2   sin  sin  cos  cos  cos2  cos  sin   sin2  cos  sin  
  0
 cos2  cos  sin   sin2  cos  sin  cos  sin  cos  sin   sin2  sin2  
cos  cos  cos( –  ) cos sin (cos –  ) cos  cos  cos  sin 
    0  cos( – )  cos  sin  sin  sin    0
 cos  sin  cos( –  ) sin sin cos( –  )  

 cos( – ) = 0   –  = (2n +1)
2
1 0  0 1  cos  sin  
A-4. If  =   ,J=   and B =   , then B =
 0 1  1 0    sin  cos 
1 0  0 1  cos  sin  
;fn  =   ,J=   vkSj B =   , gks] rks B =
 0 1  1 0    sin  cos 
(A*) cos + Jsin (B) cos – Jsin (C) sin + Jcos (D) – cos + Jsin
ADVQE- 19
1 0  0 1
Sol. I=   , J=  –1 0 
 0 1  
cos  0   0 sin   cos  sin  
I cos + J sin =   +   =  
 0 cos    sin  0   – sin  cos 
A-5. In an upper triangular matrix A = [aij]n × n the elements aij = 0 for

(A) i < j (B) i = j (C*) i > j (D) i  j
,d Åijh f=kHkqtkdkj eSfVªDl A = [aij]n × n esa vo;o aij = 0 gksrk gS &
(A) i < j ds fy;s (B) i = j ds fy;s (C) i > j ds fy;s (D) i  j ds fy;s
Sol. For upper triangle matrix, elements below diagonal are zero
 aij = 0, where i > j
Hindi. Åijh f=kHkqtkdkj eSfVªDl esa fod.kZ ds uhps ds vo;o 'kwU; gksrs gSA
 aij = 0, tgk¡ i > j
A-6. If A = diag (2, 1, 3), B = diag (1, 3, 2), then A2B =
;fn A = diag (2, 1, 3), B = diag (1, 3, 2) gks] rks A2B =
(A) diag (5, 4, 11) (B*) diag ( 4, 3, 18) (C) diag (3, 1, 8) (D) B
Sol. A = diag (2, –1, 3), B = diag (–1, 3, 2) then (gks rks) A2 B = ?
2 0 0   1 0 0 
A = 0 1 0  ; B =  0 3 0 
0 0 3   0 0 2
4 0 0  4 0 0 
A = 0 1 0 
2 ; A B =  0 3 0  = diag (–4, 3, 18)
2
0 0 9   0 0 18 
A-7. If A is a skew- symmetric matrix, then trace of A is

(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C*) 0 (D) none of these
;fn A ,d fo"ke lefer eSfVªDl gks] rks A dk vuqjs[k (trace) gSa –
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. Trace of A = a11 + a22 + a33
For skew symmetric matrix a11 = a22 = a33 = 0
Trace of A = 0
Hindi. A dk vuqjs[k = a11 + a22 + a33
fo"ke lefer eSfVªDl ds fy, a11 = a22 = a33 = 0
A dk vuqjs[k = 0
p q
A-8. Let A =   such that det(A) = r where p, q, r all prime numbers, then trace of A is equal to
q p 
p q
ekuk A =   bl izdkj gS dh det(A) = r tgk¡ p, q, r vHkkT; la[;k;sa gS] rks A dk vuqjs[k cjkcj gS&
q p 
(A*) 6 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) 3
Sol. p2 – q2 = r p = 3 q = 2, r = 5
 0 1  31
A-9. A=   and rFkk (A8 + A6 + A4 + A2 + ) V =   .
2 0   62 
(Where  is the (2 × 2) identity matrix), then the product of all elements of matrix V is
(tgk¡  (2 × 2) Øe dk bdkbZ vkO;wg gS), rc vkO;wg V ds lHkh vo;oksa ds xq.kuQy gS
(A*) 2 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) –2
 2 0 
Sol. A2 =  
0 2 
ADVQE- 20
4 0   22 0 23 0   24 0 
A4 = A2 · A2 =   =  2
, A6 =  3
, A8 =  4
0 4  0 2  0 2  0 2 
 31 31 0   x   31
 (A8 + A6 + A4 + A2 + ) V=        =    x = 1, y = 2
 
62  0 31  y   62 
 xy = 2.
3x 2  (x  2)2 5x 2 2x 

   
A-10. Let A =  1  , B = [a b c] and C =  5x 2
2x (x  1)2 
 6x   2x (x  2)2 5x 2 
  
Where a, b, c and x  R, Given that tr (AB) = tr(C), then the value of (a + b + c).
3x 2  (x  2)2 5x 2 2x 
   
ekukfd A =  1  , B = [a b c] rFkk C =  5x 2
2x (x  1)2 
 6x   2x (x  2)2 5x 2 
  
tgk¡ a, b, c rFkk x  R, fn;k x;k gS fd tr (AB) = tr(C), rc (a + b + c) dk eku gS
(A*) 7 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 4
3ax 2 3bx 2 3cx 2 
 
Sol. AB =  a b c 
 6ax 6bx 6cx 
 
Now vc, tr (AB) = tr (C) 3ax2 + b + 6cx = (x + 2)2 + 2x + 5x2
3ax2 + 6c + b = 6x2 + 6x + 4  a = 2, b = 4, c = 1  a + b + c = 7.
A-11. Which one of the following is Correct ?

(i) The elements on the main diagonal of a symmetric matrix are all zero
(ii) The elements on the main diagonal of a skew - symmetric matrix are all zero
(iii) For any square matrix A, A A is symmetric
(iii) For any square matrix A, (A + A)2 = A2 + (A)2 + 2AA
(A*) FTTF (B) FFTF (B) (A*) FTTT (B) TFFT
fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lgh gSa –

(A*) ,d lefer eSfVªDl ds eq[; fod.kZ ds lHkh vo;o 'kwU; gksrs gSaA
(B) ,d fo"ke lefer eSfVªDl ds eq[; fod.kZ ds lHkh vo;o 'kwU; gksrs gSaA
(C) fdlh oxZ eSfVªDl A ds fy,] A A lefer gSaA
(D*) fdlh oxZ eSfVªDl A ds fy,] (A + A)2 = A2 + (A)2 + 2AA gSaA
Sol. The elements of main diagonal of skew symmetric matrix are all zero but not necessarily for symmetric
matrix.
Hindi. fo"ke lefer vkO;wg ds eq[; fod.kZ ds vo;o lHkh 'kwU; gksrs gSA ijUrq lefer vkO;wg ds fy;s ;g vko';d ugh
gSA
Section (B) : Determinant of Matrix

[k.M (B) : vkO;wg dk lkjf.kd

B-1. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that |A| = – 1, |B| = 3, then |3AB| is equal to
;fn A vkSj B , 3 Øe dh oxZ eSfVªDl bl izdkj gS fd |A| = – 1, |B| = 3 gks] rks |3AB| dk eku gSa &
(A) – 9 (B*) – 81 (C) – 27 (D) 81
Sol. | 3 AB| = |A| . |3B|3 × 3 = (–1) . 33 |B| = – 81
ADVQE- 21
1 2 1
B-2. The absolute value of the determinant 3  2 2 2  2 2 1 is:
3  2 2 2  2 2 1
(A*) 16 2 (B) 8 2 (C) 8 (D) none
1 2 1
lkjf.kd 3  2 2 2  2 2 1 dk fujis{k eku gS&
3  2 2 2  2 2 1
(A*) 16 2 (B) 8 2 (C) 8 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
 –1 2 1
 
Sol.  3  2 2 2  2 2 1
 
3 – 2 2 2 – 2 2 1
Applying lafØ;k R2  R2 – R1 & R3  R3 – R1
 –1 2 1
 
=  4  2 2 2 2 0  = 1( –8 2 – 8 –8 2 + 8) = –16 2
 
 4 – 2 2 –2 2 0 
So absolute value is –16 2 vr% fujis{k eku –16 2 gSA
  
B-3. If ,  &  are the roots of the equation x3 + px + q = 0, then the value of the determinant    =
  
(A) p (B) q (C) p2  2q (D*) none

  
;fn ,  vkSj  lehdj.k x3 + px + q = 0 ds ewy gks] rks lkjf.kd    dk eku gS –
  
(A) p (B) q (C) p2  2q (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. , ,  are roots of x + px + q = 0
3
  
  +  +  = 0 Here   
  
Applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3
1  
( +  + ) 1   =0
1  
Hindi. x3 + px + q = 0 ds ewy , , gS
  
  +  +  = 0 ;gk¡   
  
lafØ;k C1  C1 + C2 + C3 ls
1  
( +  + ) 1   =0
1  
ADVQE- 22
a  a 
2 2
x
 a x x
 a x 1
b  b 
2 2
B-4. If a, b, c > 0 & x, y, z  R, then the determinant y
 b y y
 b y 1 =
c  c 
2 2
z
 c z z
 c z 1
(A) axbycz (B) axbycz (C) a2xb2yc2z (D*) zero

a  a 
2 2
x
 a x x
 a x 1
b  b 
2 2
;fn a, b, c > 0 vkSj x, y, z  R gks] rks lkjf.kd y
 b y y
 b y 1 =
c  c 
2 2
z
 c z z
 c z 1
(A) axbycz (B) axbycz (C) a2xb2yc2z (D) 'kwU;

x –x 2 x –x 2
(a  a ) (a – a ) 1
y –y 2 3 –y 2
Sol. (b  b ) (b – b ) 1
z –z 2 z –z 2
(c  c ) (c – c ) 1
Applying lafØ;k C1  C1 – C2
4 (a x – a – x )2 1
4 (b y – b – y )2 1 = 0
4 (c z – c – z )2 1
b2 c 2 bc b  c
B-5. If a, b & c are non-zero real numbers, then D = c 2a2 ca c  a =
a2b2 ab a  b
(A) abc (B) a2 b2 c2 (C) bc + ca + ab (D*) zero

b2c 2 bc b  c
;fn a, b vkSj c v'kwU; okLrfod la[;k,¡ gks] rks D = c 2a2 ca c  a =
a2b2 ab a  b
(A) abc (B) a2 b2 c2 (C) bc + ca + ab (D) 'kwU;
1 1
bc 1 
2
bc 2
bc b  c c b bc 1 ab  ac
1 1
Sol. c 2 a2 ca c  a = a2b2c2 ca 1  = abc ca 1 bc  ab = abc (ab + bc + ca)
a c
a2b2 ab a  b ab 1 ac  bc
1 1
ab 1 
b a
bc 1 1
ca 1 1 = 0
ab 1 1
C3  C3 + C1
b1  c1 c1  a1 a1  b1
B-6. The determinant b2  c 2 c 2  a2 a2  b2 =
b3  c 3 c 3  a3 a3  b3
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
(A) a2 b2 c2 (B*) 2 a2 b2 c2 (C) 3 a2 b2 c2 (D) none of these
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
ADVQE- 23
b1  c1 c1  a1 a1  b1
lkjf.kd b2  c 2 c 2  a2 a2  b2 =
b3  c 3 c 3  a3 a3  b3
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
(A) a2 b2 c2 (B*) 2 a2 b2 c2 (C) 3 a2 b2 c2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
b1  c1 c1  a1 a1  b1
Sol. b2  c 2 c2  c2 a2  b2
b3  c 3 c 3  a3 a3  b3
Taking two common, applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3 (lafØ;k C1  C1 + C2 + C3 ls nks mHk;fu"B ysus ij )
2(a1  b1  c1 ) c1  a1 a1  b1
= 2(a2  b2  c 2 ) c2  a2 a2  b2
2(a3  b3  c3 ) c3  a3 a3  b3
Applying C2  C2 – C1 & C3  C3 – C1 (lafØ;k C2  C2 – C1 ,oa C3  C3 – C1 ls)
a1  b1  c1 b1 c1
=2 a2  b2  c 2 b2 c 2
a3  b3  c 3 b3 c 3
Applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3 (lafØ;k C1  C1 + C2 + C3 ls)
a1 b1 c1
=2 a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3
x xy xyz
B-7. If x, y, z  R &  = 2x 5x  2y 7x  5y  2z =  16 then value of x is
3x 7x  3y 9x  7y  3z
x xy xyz
;fn x, y, z  R rFkk  = 2x 5x  2y 7x  5y  2z =  16 gks] rks x dk eku gS –
3x 7x  3y 9x  7y  3z
(A)  2 (B)  3 (C*) 2 (D) 3
x xy xyz
Sol.  = 2x 5x  2y 7x  5y  2z = – 16
3x 7x  3y 9x  7y  3z
Applying R2  R2 – 2R1 & R3  R3 – 3R1 (lafØ;k R2  R2 – 2R1 ,o R3  R3 – 3R1 ls)
x xy xyz
 = 0 3x 5x  3y = – 16
0 4x 6x  4y
Applying R3  R3 – R2 (lafØ;k R3  R3 – R2 ls)
x xy xyz
0 3x 5x  3y = – 16
0 x xy
Applying R2  R2 – 3R1 (lafØ;k R2  R2 – 3R1 ls)
x xy xyz
0 0 2x = – 16  – 2x(x2 – 0) = – 16  x3 = 8  x = 2
0 x xy
ADVQE- 24
cos (  )  sin (  ) cos2

B-8. The determinant sin  cos  sin  is:
 cos  sin  cos 
(A) 0 (B*) independent of  (C) independent of  (D) independent of  &  both
cos (  )  sin (  ) cos2
lkjf.kd sin  cos  sin  dk eku gS&
 cos  sin  cos 
(A) 0 (B) ls LorU=k (C) ls LorU=k (D)  vkSj  nksuksa ls LorU=k
cos(  ) – sin(  ) cos2 cos(  ) – sin(  ) cos 2
1
Sol. sin  cos  sin   sin  sin  sin  cos  sin2 
sin  cos 
– cos  sin  cos  – cos  cos  sin  cos  cos2 
Applying R1  R1 + R2 + R3 (lafØ;k R1  R1 + R2 + R3 ls)
0 0 2cos2 
1
 sin  sin  sin  cos  sin2 
sin  cos 
– cos  cos  sin  cos  cos2 
0 0 2cos 2 
= sin  cos  sin  = 2cos2 (sin2 + cos2) = 2cos2 
– cos  sin  cos 


B-9s. Let A be set of all determinants of order 3 with entries 0 or 1, B be the subset of A consisting of all
determinants with value 1 and C be the subset of A consisting of all determinants with value –1. Then
STATEMENT -1 : The number of elements in set B is equal to number of elements in set C.
and
STATEMENT-2 : (B  C) A
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation
for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false
ekukfd A dksfV 3 ds lHkh lkjf.kdksa ftuds vo;o 0 ;k 1 gS, dk leqPp; gSA leqPp; A ds mu lHkh lkjf.kdksa dk
mileqPp; B gS ftu lkjf.kdksa dk eku 1 gSA leqPp; A ds mu lHkh lkjf.kdksa dk mileqPp; C gS ftu lkjf.kdksa
dk eku –1 gSA rc
oDrO;-1 : leqPp; B esa vo;oksa dh la[;k leqPp; C esa vo;oksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj gSA
vkSj
oDrO;-2 : (B  C) A
(A) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
(E) lHkh dFku vlR; gSA
Sol. If we interchange any two rows of a determinant in set B, its value becomes –1, hence it becomes a
member of set C.
 Number of elements in set B is equal to number of elements in set C.
 Statement - 1 is true.
Also B  C =   A  statement-2 is true.
ADVQE- 25
But statement-2 is not a correct explanation of statement-1.
Hindi ;fn leqPp; B esa lkjf.kd dh fdUgha nks iafDr;ksa dks vkil esa cny fn;k tkrk gks] rks bldk eku –1 gks tkrk gS]
vr% ;g C dk ,d lnL; cu tkrk gSA
 leqPp; B esa vo;oksa dh la[;k leqPp; C esa vo;oksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj gSA
 oDrO;- 1 lR; gSA
vr% B  C =   A  oDrO;- 2 lR; gSA
ysfdu oDrO;-2, oDrO;-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gS
Section (C) : Cofactor matrix, adj matrix and inverse of matrix.

[k.M (C) : lg[k.M vkO;wg] lg[k.Mt vkO;wg ,oa vkO;wg dk izfrykse
 1 2
C-1. If A =   , then adj A =
 2 1
 1 2
;fn A =   gks] rks adj A =
 2 1
 1 2 2 1  1 2  1 2 
(A*)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
 2 1   1 1  2 1  2 1
 1 2
Sol. A=  
 2 1
 1 –2
Matrix formed by cofactors of A = C =  
 –2 1
 1 –2
Transpose of Matrix C = CT =  
 –2 1
 1 –2
Adjoint of matrix A = CT = adj A =  
 –2 1 
 1 2
Hindi. A =  
 2 1
 1 –2
A ds lg[k.M ls cuk vkO;wg A = C =  
 –2 1
 1 –2
C dk ifjorZ vkO;wg C = CT =  
 –2 1
 1 –2
A dk lg[k.Mt vkO;wg = CT = adj A =  
 –2 1
C-2. Identify statements S1, S2, S3 in order for true(T)/false(F)

cos   sin  0 
S1 : If A =,  sin  cos  0  then adj A = A'
 0 0 1
a 0 0  a 0 0 
S2 : If A = 0 b 0  , then A = 0 b 0 
  1
0 0 c  0 0 c 
S3 : If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix, then det (B–1 AB) = det (A)
cos   sin  0 
S1 : ;fn A =  sin  cos  0  gks] rks adj A = A'
 0 0 1
ADVQE- 26
a 0 0  a 0 0 
S2 : ;fn A = 0 b 0  gks] rks A = 0 b 0 
  1
0 0 c  0 0 c 
S3 : ;fn B ,d O;qRØe.kh; eSfVªDl vkSj A ,d oxZ eSfVªDl gks] rks det(B–1 AB) = det (A)
Øe esa crkb;s fd S1, S2, S3 lR;(T)/vlR;(F) gSA
(A) TTF (B) FTT (C*) TFT (D) TTT
cos  – sin  0 
Sol. S1 : A =  sin  cos  0 
 0 0 1
cos  – sin  0 
Matrix formed by Cofactors of A= C =  sin  cos  0 
 0 0 1
 cos  sin  0
 Adj A = CT =  – sin  cos  0 = A'
 0 0 1
cos  – sin  0 
Hindi. S1 : A =  sin  cos  0 
 0 0 1
cos  – sin  0   cos  sin  0
A ds lg[k.M ls cuk vkO;wg C =  sin  cos  0   Adj A = C =  – sin  cos  0 = A'
T
 0 0 1  0 0 1
a 0 0 
S2 : A =  0 b 0  ; |A| = abc
 0 0 c 
 1 
 0 0 
 bc 0 0  a
 
adj (A) =  0 ac 0  =  0 
adj(A) 1
; A–1 = 0
(A)  b 
 0 0 ab   
 1 
0 0
 c 
S3 : det (B–1 AB) Since (pw¡fd) det (AB) = det A.det B

1
= det B–1 . det AB = det B–1 . det A. det B = det A det B = det A
detB
C-3. If A, B are two n × n non-singular matrices, then

(A*) AB is non-singular (B) AB is singular
(C) (AB)–1 = A–1 B–1 (D) (AB)–1 does not exist
;fn n × n Øe ds nks O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg A ,oa B gks] rks&
(A) AB O;qRØe.kh; gSaA (B) AB vO;qRØe.kh; gSaA (C) (AB)–1 = A–1 B–1 (D) (AB)–1 fo|eku ugha gSaA
Sol. |A|  0 and ,oa |B|  0  |AB|  0
 AB is non singular.  AB O;qRØe.kh; gSA
1 2  1 0
C-4. Let A =   and B = 0 2 and X be a matrix such that A = BX, then X is equal to
 3 5   
ADVQE- 27
2 4 
1 1  2 4  2 4 
(A*) 3 5  (B)  3 5 (C)   (D) none of these

2  2   3 5 
1 2  1 0
ekuk A =   ,oa B =  ,oa eSfVªDl X bl izdkj gS fd A = BX gks] rks X =
3 5  0 2
1 2 4  1  2 4  2 4 
(A*)
2 3 5 
(B)   (C))   (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2  3 5 3 5 
1 2  1 0
Sol. A=   B= 0 2  ; A = BX  B–1A = B–1(BX)  B–1A = X
3 –5   
1 2 0   1 2  1 2 4 
X= ; X= 
2 0 1 3 –5  2 3 –5 
 –1 2 –3
C-5. Let A =  –2 0 3  be a matrix, then (det A) x (adj A– 1) is equal to
 3 –3 1 
 –1 2 –3   3 –3 1 
(A) O3 × 3 (B) 3 (C*)  –2 0 3  (D)  3 0 –2 
 3 –3 1   –1 2 –3 
 –1 2 –3 
ekuk A =  –2 0 3  dk ,d vkO;wg gks] rks (det A) x (adj A– 1) dk eku gS&
 3 –3 1 
 –1 2 –3   3 –3 1 
(A) O3 × 3 (B) 3 (C*)  –2 0 3  (D)  3 0 –2 
 3 –3 1   –1 2 –3 
–1 –1 –1 –1 –1
Sol. | A | · (adj (A )) = | A | (|A | · (A ) ) = | A A | · A = A.
C-6. If D is a determinant of order three and  is a determinant formed by the cofactors of determinant D ;
then following statement is True/False
(i)  = D2 (ii) D = 0 implies  = 0
(iii) if D = 27, then  is perfect cube (iv) if D = 27, then  is perfect square
;fn D ,d rhu Øe dk lkjf.kd gks rFkk  D ds lg[k.Mksa ls fufeZr lkjf.kd gks] rks fuEu dFku gS] lR;@vlR;
(i)  = D2
(ii) D = 0, rks  = 0
(iii) ;fn D = 27 gks] rks  iw.kZ ?ku gSA
(iv) ;fn D = 27 gks rks  ,d iw.kZoxZ gSA
(A) FTTT (B) TFTT (C*) TTTT (D) TTFT
Sol. For nth order determinant  = |Cij| = Dn –1
(A) For 3rd order determinant  = D3–1 = D2 ... (1)
(B) From (1) if D = 0 then  = 0
(C)  = 27 = 33
 = (33)2 = 36 (a perfect cube)
Hindi. nth Øe dh lkjf.kd ds fy,  = |Cij| = Dn –1
(A) 3rd Øe dh lkjf.kd ds fy,  = D3–1 = D2 ... (1)
(B) (1) ls ;fn D = 0 gks rks  = 0
(C)  = 27 = 33
 = (33)2 = 36 (,d iw.kZ?ku)
Section (D) : Characteristic equation and system of equations

[k.M (D) : vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k ,oa lehdj.kksa dk fudk;
ADVQE- 28
 1 0 2 
D-1. If A =  0 2 1  is a root of polynomial x  – 6x2 + 7x + k = 0, then the value of k is
 2 0 3 
 1 0 2 
;fn A =  0 2 1  cgqin x – 6x2 + 7x + k = 0 dk ,d ewy gS rc k dk eku gS&

 2 0 3 
(A*) 2 (B) 4 (C) –2 (D) 1
Sol. |A – | = 0
1   0 2 
 0 2 1  = 0  (1 – ) [(2 – ) (3 – )] + 2[–2(2 – )] = 0

 2 0 3   
(1 – ) [2 – 5 + 6] + 4 ( – 2) = 0   – 62 + 7 + 2 = 0
x – 6x2 + 7x + 2 = 0  k=2
a b 
 (where bc  0) satisfies the equations x + k = 0, then
D-2 If A =  2
c d
(A*) a + d = 0 & k = |A| (B) a – d = 0 & k = |A|
(C) a + d = 0 & k = –|A| (D) a + d  0 & k = |A|
a b 
;fn A =   (tgk¡ bc  0) lehdj.k x + k = 0 dks larq"V djrk gks] rks &
2
 c d 
(A*) a + d = 0 & k = |A| (B) a – d = 0 & k = |A|
(C) a + d = 0 & k = –|A| (D) a + d  0 & k = |A|
a b
Sol. A= bc  0
c d
Characteristic equation is A – x = 0 (vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k gS A – x = 0)
a–x b
=0 (a – x) (d – x) – bc = 0
c d– x
x2 – x (a + d) + ad – bc = 0
On comparing with the given equation x2 + k = 0 (nh xbZ lehdj.k ls rqyuk djus ij x2 + k = 0)
a + d = 0, k = ad – bc = A
D-3. If the system of equations x + 2y + 3z = 4, x + py + 2z = 3, x + 4y + z = 3 has an infinite number of

solutions and solution triplet is
(A) p = 2,  = 3 and (5 – 4,  – 1 , )
 1
(B) p = 2,  = 4 and (5 – 4, , 2)
2
(C) 3 p = 2 and (5 – 4,  – 1, 2)
 1
(D*) p = 4,  = 2 and (5 – 4, , )
2
;fn lehdj.k fudk; x + 2y + 3z = 4, x + py + 2z = 3, x + 4y + z = 3 ds vuUr gy gS rFkk gyf=kd~ gks] rks&
 1
(A) p = 2,  = 3 rFkk (5 – 4,  – 1 , ) (B) p = 2,  = 4 rFkk (5 – 4, , 2)
2
 1
(C) 3 p = 2 rFkk (5 – 4,  – 1, 2) (D*) p = 4,  = 2 rFkk (5 – 4, , )
2
1 2 3 4 2 3 1 4 3 1 2 4
Sol. = 1 p 2 x = 3 p 2 ; y = 1 3 2 z = 1 p 3
1 4  3 4  1 3  1 4 3
For infinite no. of solution  = x = y = z = 0  = 2, p = 4
vuUr gyksa ds fy,  = x = y = z = 0  = 2, p = 4
ADVQE- 29
D-4. Let  and  be real. Find the set of all values of  for which the system of linear equations have infinite
solution  real values of .
ekuk  vkSj  okLrfod gSA  ds lHkh ekuksa dk leqPp; Kkr dhft;s ftlds fy;s jSf[kd lehdj.kksa dk fudk; vuUr
gy j[krk gS] lHkh okLrfod  ds fy,]
x + (sin )y + (cos ) z = 0
x + (cos  )y + (sin ) z = 0
– x + (sin ) y + (cos ) z = 0
(A) (–  , 2 ) ( 2 ,  ) (B*) – 1
(C) (–5, – 2 ) (D) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. For non-trivial solution v'kwU; gy ds fy,

 sin  cos 
1 cos  sin  = 0    = sin 2 + cos 2
1 sin   cos 
 2  sin 2 + cos 2 2   2   2 .
D-5. The value of ‘ 2k ‘ for which the set of equations 3x + ky  2z = 0, x + ky + 3z = 0, 2 x + 3 y  4 z = 0 has

a non  trivial solution over the set of rational is:
(A) 31 (B) 32 (C*) 33 (D) 34
2k dk og eku ftlds fy;s lehdj.k fudk; 3x + ky  2z = 0, x + ky + 3z = 0, 2 x + 3 y  4 z = 0 dk v'kwU;

gy ¼ifjes; la[;kvksa ds leqPp; esa ls½ fo|eku gS] gksxkA
(A) 31 (B) 32 (C*) 33 (D) 34
Sol. 3x + ky – 2z = 0 ; x + ky + 3z = 0 ; 2x + 3y – 4z = 0
3 k –2
33
= 1 k 3 =0  k=
2
2 3 –4
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN
Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )
1. Column        Column  

 1 2 3   1
(A)  1 x 1   4 5 6   2  = 0, then x = (p) 2
 3 2 5   3 
(B) If A is a square matrix of order 3 × 3 and (q) –2
k is a scalar, then adj (kA) = km adj A, then m is
 2    7
(C) If A =  2  and B =   here (A – B) is upper triangular (r) 1
 3   49  
matrix then number of possible values of  are
(b  c)2 a2 a2
9
(D) If b2 (c  a)2 b2 = k abc (a + b + c)3 (s) –
8
c2 c2 (a  b)2
then the value of k is
LrEHk        LrEHk 

ADVQE- 30
 1 2 3   1
(A)  1 x 1   4 5 6   2  = 0 gks] rks x = (p) 2
 3 2 5   3 
(B) ;fn A ,d 3 × 3 Øe dh oxZ vkO;wg vkSj (q) –2
k vfn'k gks] rks adj (kA) = km adj A, rc m gksxk
2   7
(C) ;fn A =  2  rFkk B =   ;gk¡ (A – B) Åijh f=kHkqtkdkj (r) 1
 3   49  
vkO;wg gS rc  ds laHkkfor ekuksa dh la[;k gS
(b  c)2 a2 a2
9
(D) ;fn b2 (c  a)2 b2 = k abc (a + b + c)3 (s) –
8
c2 c2 (a  b)2
gks] rks k dk eku gS&

Ans. (A)  (s), (B)  (p), (C)  (p), (D)  (p)
 1 2 3   
1  1
Sol. (A) 1 x 1  4 5 6  2  = 0   [1 + 4x + 3 2 + 5x + 2 3 + 6x + 5]  2   0
3 2 5  3  3 
 1
 4  4x 5x  4 6x  8 2  0   4 + 4x + 10x + 8 + 18x + 24 = 0
3 
 32x + 36 = 0  x = –9/8
(B) kA adj (kA) = |kA| n

kA adj (kA) = kn |A| n
kA adj (kA) = kn A adj A
Pre-multiplying A–1
A–1 ls iwoZ xq.ku djus ij
adj (kA) = kn – 1 adj A
(C)  (A – ) = 0   2 – 4 + 5 = 0
 A2 – 4A + 5 = 0
4 1 1
(D) Let a = b = c = 1  1 4 1 = k . 27
1 1 4
54 = 27 k   k=2
(b  c)2
a 2
a 2
Alter : b2 (c  a)2 b2
c2 c2 (a  b)2
Applying C1  C2 – C3 , C2  C2 – C3
bc a 0 a2
(a + b + c)2 0 c a b b2
c  b  a c  a  b (a  b)2
Applying R3  R3 – (R1 + R2)
bc a 0 a2 a(b  c  a) 0 a2
(a  b  c)2
(a + b + c)2 0 c  a  b b2 = 0 b(c  a  b) b2
ab
2b 2a 2ab 2ab 2ab 2ab
ADVQE- 31
(b  c  a) 0 a
2ab (a + b + c) 2
0 (c  a  b) b = 2abc (a + b + c)3
1 1 1
 1 2 3   1  1
Hindi (A) 1 x 1  4 5 6  2  =0   [1 + 4x + 3 2 + 5x + 2 3 + 6x + 5]  2   0
3 2 5  3  3 
 1
 4  4x 5x  4 6x  8 2  0   4 + 4x + 10x + 8 + 18x + 24 = 0
3 
 32x + 36 = 0  x = –9/8
(B) kA adj (kA) = |kA| n
kA adj (kA) = kn |A| n
kA adj (kA) = kn A adj A
A–1 ls iwoZ xq.ku djus ij
adj (kA) = kn – 1 adj A
(C)  (A – ) = 0   2 – 4 + 5 = 0
 A2 – 4A + 5 = 0
4 1 1
(D) ekuk a = b = c = 1  1 4 1 = k . 27
1 1 4
54 = 27 k  k=2
(b  c)2 a2 a2
oSdfYid : b2 (c  a)2 b2
c2 c2 (a  b)2
lafØ;k C1  C2 – C3 , C2  C2 – C3 ls
bc a 0 a2
(a + b + c)2 0 c a b b2
c  b  a c  a  b (a  b)2
lafØ;k R3  R3 – (R1 + R2) ls
bca 0 a2 a(b  c  a) 0 a2
(a  b  c)2
(a + b + c)2 0 c  a  b b2 = 0 b(c  a  b) b2
ab
2b 2a 2ab 2ab 2ab 2ab
(b  c  a) 0 a
2ab (a + b + c) 2
0 (c  a  b) b = 2abc (a + b + c)3
1 1 1
2. Column –  Column – 
(A) If A and B are square matrices of order 3 × 3, where (p) 7

|A| = 2 and |B| = 1, then |(A–1) . adj (B–1) . adj (2A–1)| =
(B) If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A and (I + A)3 = I + kA, (q) 8

then k is equal to
a b (a  b)
(C) Matrix b c (b  c) is non invertible (b2  ac) if –2 is (r) 0
2 1 0 
(D) If A = [aij]3×3 is a scalar matrix with a11 = a22 = a33 (s) –1
ADVQE- 32
= 2 and A(adjA) = k then k is

LrEHk        LrEHk  
(A) ;fn A rFkk B , 3 × 3 Øe ds oxZ vkO;wg gS] tgk¡ |A| = 2 rFkk (p) 7
|B| = 1 gS] rks |(A–1) . adj (B–1) . adj (2A–1)| =
(B) ;fn A ,d oxZ vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd A2 = A ,oa (I + A)3 = I + kA, (q) 8

rks k =
a b (a  b)
(C) vkO;wg b c (b  c) vizfrykseh; gSA (b2  ac) ;fn –2 gS (r) 0
2 1 0 
(D) ;fn A = [aij]3×3 ,d vfn'k vkO;wg gS] tgk¡ (s) –1

a11 = a22 = a33 = 2 rFkk A(adjA) = k, rc k =
Ans. (A)  (q), (B)  (p), (C)  (s), (D)  (q)
1 26
Sol. (A) |(A–1) adj (B–1) . adj(2A–1)| = |A–1| . |adj B–1| . |adj . 2A–1| = . | B–1 |2 | 2A –1 |2 = =8
|A| 8
(B) 3 + 32A + 3A2 + A3 = I + 3A + 3A + A =  + 7A  k=7
(C) Taking C3  C3 – (C1 – C2)

we get
a b 0
|A| = b c 0 = (1 – 2) (ac – b2)
2 1 2  1
1
 non-invertible if  = or if a, b, c are in G.P.
2
(D) A Adj A = A 3 = k3  k = A = 8
1 26
Hindi. (A) |(A–1) adj (B–1) . adj(2A–1)| = |A–1| . |adj B–1| . |adj . 2A–1| = . | B–1 |2 | 2A –1 |2 = =8
|A| 8
(B) 3 + 32A + 3A2 + A3 = I + 3A + 3A + A =  + 7A  k=7
(C) lafØ;k C3  C3 – (C1 – C2) ls

a b 0
|A| = b c 0 = (1 – 2) (ac – b2)
2 1 2  1
1
 vçfrykseh; gksxk ;fn  = ;k ;fn a, b, c xq.kksÙkj Js.kh esa gksA
2
(D) A Adj A = A 3 = k3  k = A = 8
ADVQE- 33

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
1. Two matrices A and B have in total 6 different elements (none repeated) . How many different matrices
A and B are possible such that product AB is defined.
A vkSj B nks vkO;wg esa dqy 6 fHkUu-fHkUu vo;o gS ¼iqujko`fÙk ugha½ fdrus fHkUu-fHkUu vkO;wg A vkSj B laHko gS tcfd
xq.ku AB ifjHkkf"kr gSA
(A) 5( 6!) (B) 3(6!) (C) 12(6!) (D*) 8 ( 6!)
Sol. Let ¼ekuk½ A = [aij] p × q
B = [bij] q × r
p×q+q×r=6
q (p + r) = 6
1 5
2 4

if ¼;fn½ q = 1  p + r = 6 3 3
4 3

5 1
2 1
if ;fn q = 2  p + r = 3 
1 2
if ;fn q = 3  p + r = 2 {1,1
( 5 + 2 + 1) × 6! = 8 × 6 !
3 4 
2. If X =  , then value of Xn is, (where n is natural number)
1 1
3n 4n 2  n 5  n 3n ( 4)n  2n  1 –4n 
(A)  (B)  (C)  n n 
(D*) 
n n   n n  1 ( 1)   n –(2n – 1)
3 4 
;fn X =   gks] rks X dk eku gS (tgk¡ n izkd`r la[;k gS)&
n
 1 1
3n 4n 2  n 5  n 3n ( 4)n  2n  1 –4n 
(A)   (B)   (C)  n n 
(D*) 
 n n   n n   1 ( 1)   n –(2n – 1)
3 –4  5 –8
Sol. X=     X2 =  
 1 –1  2 –3
For n = 2 option A, B, C are not satisified. Hence option D is correct.
n = 2 ds fy, A, B, C larq"V ugh gS vr% D lgh gSA
3. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = B and BA = A, then A2 + B2 =

;fn A vkSj B nks eSfVªDl bl izdkj gS fd AB = B vkSj BA = A gks] rks A2 + B2 =
(A) 2AB (B) 2BA (C*) A + B (D) AB
Sol. AB = B
Premultiply both sides by B
BAB = B2  AB = B2  B = B2
Similarly
BA = A  ABA = A2  BA = A2
 A = A2
ADVQE- 34
Hindi. AB = B
B ds iwoZ xq.ku nksuks rjQ djus ij
BAB = B2  AB = B2  B = B2
blh izdkj
BA = A  ABA = A2  BA = A2  A = A2
4. Find number of all possible ordered sets of two (n × n) matrices A and B for which AB – BA = 
(A) infinite (B) n2 (C) n! (D*) zero

(n × n) Øe ds vkO;wg A rFkk B ds Øfer ;qXeksa ds fdrus leqPp; laHko gS tcfd AB – BA = 
(A) vuUr (B) n2 (C) n! (D*) 'kwU;
Ans. No such ordered pair is possible. (,slk dksbZ Øfer ;qXe laHko ugha gS )
Sol. Assume C = AB – BA
If C = 
then trace (C) = 1 + 1 + ........ + 1 = n
But trace (C) = 0 ( trace (AB) = trace (.BA) )
Which is a contradiction
Hence no such ordered pair is possible.
Hindi. ekuk C = AB – BA
;fn C = 
rks vuqjs[k (C) = 1 + 1 + ........ + 1 = n
ysfdu vuqjs[k (C) = 0 ( vuqjs[k (AB) = vuqjs[k (.BA) )
tks fd fojks/kkHkk"k gS
vr% ,slk dksbZ Øfer ;qXe laHko ugha gS
5. If B, C are square matrices of order n and if A = B + C, BC = CB, C2 = O, then which of following is true
for any positive integer N.
;fn B, C, n Øe ds oxZ vkO;wg gS ;fn A = B + C, BC = CB, C2 = O, rc fdlh /kukRed iw.kk±d N ds fy, fuEu esa
ls dkSulk lgh gS
(A*) AN+1 = B N (B + (N + 1) C) (B) AN = BN (B + (N + 1) C)
N+1
(C) A = B (B + (N + 1) C) (D) A N+1 = B N (B + (N + 2) C)
Sol. A N+1
= (B + C) N +1
We can expand (B + C)N +1 like binomial expansion as BC = CB.

(B + C)N +1 dks f}in ds vuqlkj foLrkj djus ij BC = CB.
 (B + C)N + 1 = N + 1C0 BN + 1 + N + 1C1 BNC + N + 1C2 BN – 1 C2 + ........... + CN +1.
= BN + 1 + (N + 1) BN C + 0 + 0 ........ + 0 = BN (B + (N +1) C).
6. How many 3 × 3 skew symmetric matrices can be formed using numbers –2, –1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0 (any
number can be used any number of times but 0 can be used at most 3 times)
la[;kvksa –2, –1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0 dh lgk;rk ls 3 × 3 Øe ds fo"ke lefer vkO;wg dks cuk;h tkrh gS ¼fdlh la[;k
dks fdruh Hkh ckj mi;kse esa yh tk ldrh gS ijUrq 0 dks vf/kd ls vf/kd 3 ckj mi;kse esa fy;k tk ldrk gSA
(A) 8 (B) 27 (C*) 64 (D) 54
Sol. 4 × 4 × 4 = 64
7. If A is a skew - symmetric matrix and n is an even positive integer, then An is

(A*) a symmetric matrix (B) a skew-symmetric matrix
(C) a diagonal matrix (D) none of these
;fn A ,d fo"ke lefer vkO;wg vkSj n ,d /kukRed le iw.kk±d gks] rks An gS &
(A) ,d lefer vkO;wg (B) ,d fo"ke lefer vkO;wg
(C) ,d fod.kZ vkO;wg (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. AT = – A   (An)T = (AAA ------- A)T = (AT AT AT ------- AT) = (AT)n for all n N
 n
 A if n is even
(–A)n = (–1)n An   (An)T = 
 –A if n is odd
n

ADVQE- 35
Hindi. AT = – A  (An)T = (AAA ------- A)T = (AT AT AT ------- AT) = (AT)n , lHkh ds fy, n N
 n
 A ] ;f n n le gS
(–A)n = (–1)n An  (An)T = 
 A ] ;f n n fo"ke gS
n

8. Number of 3 × 3 non symmetric matrix A such that AT = A2 –  and |A|  0, equals to
(A*) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) Infinite
3 × 3 Øe dk vkO;wg A tks fd lefer ugha gS] dh la[;k gksxh tcfd AT = A2 –  vkSj |A|  0, cjkcj gS&
(A*) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) vuUr
Sol. A = (A ) –  = (A – ) – 
T 2 2 2
 A4 – 2A2 – A = O  A3 – 2A –  = O
 (A + ) (A2 – A – ) = O  (A + ) (AT – A) = O
Because |A + |  0  AT = A  A is symmetric which contradict given condition
 no such matrix possible
Hindi. A = (AT)2 –  = (A2 – )2 – 
 A4 – 2A2 – A = O  A3 – 2A –  = O
 (A + ) (A2 – A – ) = O  (A + ) (AT – A) = O
D;ksfd |A + |  0  AT = A  A lefer gS tks fn, x, izfrcU/k dk fojks/kkHkkl gSA
bl izdkj dk dksbZ vkO;wg laHko gSA
9. Matrix A is such that A2 = 2A – , where  is the identity matrix. Then for n  2, An =
(A*) nA – (n – 1) (B) nA –  (C) 2n – 1 A – (n – 1) (D) 2n – 1 A – 
 vkO;wg A bl izdkj gS fd A2 = 2A – , tgk¡  rRled vkO;wg gS rc n  2 ds fy, An =
(A*) nA – (n – 1) (B) nA –  (C) 2n – 1 A – (n – 1) (D) 2n – 1 A – 
Sol. A – 2A +  = 0
2
 (A – ) = 02
An = (A –  + )n = nC0 (A – )n + ....... + nCn – 2 (A – )2 · n – 2 + nCn – 1(A – ) · n – 1 + nCn n

= 0 + 0 + .......... + 0 + n(A – ) +  = nA – (n – 1)
 3 1 
   1 1
10. If P =  2 2 , A=
0 1 and Q = PAP and x = P Q P, then x is equal to
T T 2005
 1 3  
 
 2 2 
 3 1 
   1 1
;fn P=  2 2 , A=
0 1 vkSj Q = PAP rFkk x = P Q P gks] rks x =
T T 2005
 1 3  
 
 2 2 
 1 2005   4  2005 3 6015 
(A*) 0 (B)  
 1   2005 4  2005 3 
1 2  3 1  1  2005 2  3 
(C)   (D)  
4  1 2  3  4 2  3 2005 
1 1
Sol. A=   and Q = PA P and X = P Q
T T 2005
P
 0 1 
We observe that Q = PA PT
Q2 = (P A PT) (P A PT ) = PA (PTP) A PT = PA (IA) PT = P A2 PT
Proceeding in the same way, we get
Q2005 = P A2005 PT
1 1 1 2
Also A =   A2 = 
0 1 0 1
And proceeding in the same way
1 2005
A2005 = 
 0 1 
ADVQE- 36
 3 1  3 1 
     1 0
PTP =  2 2   2 2 
 1  Now,
3  1 3  0 1
   
 2 2   2 2 
X = PT Q2005 P = PT (PA2005 PT) P = (PT P) A2005 (PTP) = I A2005 I
1 2005 
= A2005 = 
0 1 
1 1
Hindi A=  ,oa Q = PA PT rFkk X = PT Q2005 P
0 1
Q = PA PT Q2 = (P A PT) (P A PT ) = PA (PTP) A PT = PA (IA) PT = P A2 PT
blh rjg
Q2005 = P A2005 PT
1 1 1 2
rFkk A =   A2 = 
0 1 0 1
rFkk blh çdkj
1 2005
A2005 = 
0 1 
 3 1  3 1 
    
PTP =  2 2  2 2   1 0
  
1 3  1 3  0 1
   
 2 2   2 2 
1 2005 
X = PT Q2005 P = PT (PA2005 PT) P = (PT P) A2005 (PTP) = I A2005 I = A2005 = 
0 1 
sin  cos  sin sin  cos 

11. Let = cos  cos  cos sin  sin  , then
 sin  sin  sin cos  0
(A)  is independent of  (B*)  is indepedent of 
(C)  is a constant (D) none of these
sin  cos  sin  sin  cos 
ekuk  = cos  cos  cos  sin   sin  ] rks
 sin  sin  sin  cos  0
(A)  , ls LorU=k gSA (B)  , ls LorU=k gSA
(C)  ,d vpj gSA (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
sin  cos  sin sin cos cos  sin  cot 
Sol.  = cos  cos  cos  sin – sin ;  = sin2 cos cos  sin  – tan 
– sin  sin  sin cos 0 – sin  cos  0
Applying R1  R1 – R2 (lafØ;k R1  R1 – R2 ls)
0 0 cot   tan 
 = sin cos cos  sin 
2
– tan  ;  = sin
– sin  cos  0

ADVQE- 37
1  a2  a4 1  ab  a2 b2 1 ac  a2 c2
12.  = 1  ab  a2 b2 1 b2  b4 1 bc  b2 c2 is equal to
1  ac  a2 c2 1 bc  b2 c2 1 c2  c4
1  a2  a4 1  ab  a2 b2 1 ac  a2 c2
 = 1  ab  a2 b2 1 b2  b4 1 bc  b2 c2 dk eku gS &
1  ac  a c 1 bc  b2 c2
2 2
1 c2  c4
(A*) (a – b)2 (b – c)2 (c – a)2 (B) 2(a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
(C) 4(a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (D) (a + b + c)3
1  a2  a 4 a  ab  a2 b2 1 ac  a2 c2 1 a a2 1 1 1
Sol.  = 1  ab  a2 b2 1 b2  b4 1 bc  b2 c2 = 1 b b 2
a b c
1  ac  a c 1 bc  b2 c2
2 2
1 c2  c4 1 c c2 a2 b2 c 2
= (a – b)2 (b – c)2 (c – a)2
a2  1 ab ac
13. If D = ba b  1 bc
2
then D =
ca cb c 1
2
(A*) 1 + a2 + b2 + c2 (B) a2 + b2 + c2 (C) (a + b + c)2 (D) none

a2  1 ab ac
;fn D = ba b2  1 bc rks D =
ca cb c2  1
(A) 1 + a2 + b2 + c2 (B) a2 + b2 + c2 (C) (a + b + c)2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
a  1 ab
2
ac  a(a  1) 2
ab ac 2
 a  1 a2
2
a2 2
  1   abc  2 
Sol.  ba b2  1 bc  =  ba
2
b(b2  1) b2c  =  b b2  1 b 2 
abc abc
 ca cb c 2  1  c 2a c 2b c(c 2  1)  c2 c2 c 2  1
  
1 1 1
(a  b  c  1) b2
2 2 2
b  1 b2
2
c2 c2 c2  1
Applying C2  C2 – C1 & C3  C3 – C1 (lafØ;k C2  C2 – C1 & C3  C3 – C1 ls)
1 0 0
(a  b  c  1) b2 1 0 = (a2 + b2 + c2 + 1)
2 2 2
c2 0 1
a3  x a 4  x a 5  x
14. Value of the  = a5  x a6  x a 7  x is
a7  x a8  x a 9  x
a3  x a 4  x a 5  x
 = a5  x a 6  x a 7  x dk eku gS &
a7  x a8  x a 9  x
(A*) 0 (B) (a3 – 1) (a6 – 1) (a9 – 1)
(C) (a3 + 1) (a6 + 1) (a9 + 1) (D) a15 – 1
a3 – x a 4 – x a 5 – x
Sol. a5 – x a 6 – x a 7 – x
a7 – x a 8 – x a 9 – x
Applying R3  R3 – R2, R2  R2 – R1 (lafØ;k R3  R2, R2  R2 – R1 ls)
ADVQE- 38
a3 – x a4 – x a5 – x a3 – x a 4 – x a 5 – x
a5 – a 3 a6 – a 4 a – a = a2 – 1 a3 – a a 4 – a2 = a3a5 = 0
7 5
a7 – a 5 a8 – a 6 a9 – a7 a 2 – 1 a3 – a a 4 – a 2
2a b e f 2d e
15. If 1 = 2d e f , 2 = 2z 4x 2y , then the value of 1 – 2 is
4x 2y 2z e 2a b
2a b e f 2d e
;fn 1 = 2d e f , 2 = 2z 4x 2y , gks] rks 1 – 2 dk eku gS &
4x 2y 2z e 2a b
y
(A) x + +z (B) 2 (C*) 0 (D) 3
2
2a b e a b e f 2d e f d e
Sol. 1 = 2d e f =4 d e f ; 2 = 2z 4x 2y =4 z x y
4x 2y 2z x y z e 2a b e a b
C1  C1 followed by rFkk C2  C3 ls
d e f
2 = x y z
a b c
a b e
R1  R2 followed by rFkk R1  R3 = d e f ls
x y z
2 = 1  1 –  2 = 0
16. From the matrix equation AB = AC, we conclude B = C provided:

(A) A is singular (B*) A is nonsingular (C) A is symmetric (D) A is a square
vkO;wg lehdj.k AB = AC ls ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd B = C tcfd&
(A) A vO;qRØe.kh; gksA (B) A O;qRØe.kh; gksA (C) A lefer gksA (D) A oxZ eSfVªDl gksA
Sol. AB = AC
Pre-multiplying A–1  B = C hence A must be invertible matrix.
Hindi. AB = AC
A–1 ls iwoZxq.ku djus ij  B = C vr% ;g izfryksfe; vkO;wg gksuk pkfg,A
 –2 7 3
 
17. Let A =  0 0 –2  and A4 = , then  is
0 2 0 
 
 –2 7 3
 
ekuk A =  0 0 –2  rFkk A4 = , rc  dk eku gS &
0 2 0 
 
(A) – 16 (B*) 16 (C) 8 (D) –8
Sol. |A – x | = 0
 –2  x 7 3
 
 0 –x –2  = 0  (–2–x) (x2 + 4) = 0
 0 2 –x 
 
(x + 2) (x2 + 4) = 0  x3 + 2x2 + 4x + 8 = 0
According to calley hamiltan theorem
dSys gsfeYVu izes; ls
ADVQE- 39
A3 + 2A2 + 4A + 8 = 0 .....(1)
A4 + 2A3 + 4A2 + 8A = 0 .....(2)
 A4 + 2(–8) = 0  A4 = 16 
18. If A is 3 × 3 square matrix whose characterstic polynomial equations is 3 – 32 + 4 = 0 then trace of
adjA is
(A*) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) – 3
;fn A, 3 × 3 Øe ds oxZ vkO;wg gS ftldh vfHkyk{kf.kd cgqin lehdj.k 3 – 32 + 4 = 0 gS rc adjA dk vuqjs[k
gS&
(A*) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) – 3
Sol. A3 – 3A2 + 4 = O .......(i)
Multiply equation of (A–1)3 we get  – 3A–1 + 4(A–1)3 = O
 16 – 12 (–4A–1) + (–4A–1)3 = O
 (adjA)3 – 12 (adj A) – 16 = O
 Trace of adjA is zero
Hindi: A3 – 3A2 + 4 = O .......(i)
(A–1)3 ls xq.kk djus ij we get  – 3A–1 + 4(A–1)3 = O
 16 – 12 (–4A–1) + (–4A–1)3 = O
 (adjA)3 – 12 (adj A) – 16 = O
 Trace of adjA is zero
19. If a, b, c are non zeros, then the system of equations

( + a) x + y + z = 0
x + ( + b)y + z = 0
x + y + ( + c)z = 0
has a non-trivial solution if
(A*) –1 = – (a–1 + b–1 + c–1) (B) –1 = a + b + c
(C)  + a + b + c = 1 (D) none of these
;fn a, b, c v'kwU; gSa] rks lehdj.k fudk;
( + a) x + y + z = 0
x + ( + b)y + z = 0
x + y + ( + c)z = 0
ds v'kwU; gy gksxsa ;fn
(A) –1 = – (a–1 + b–1 + c–1) (B) –1 = a + b + c
(C)  + a + b + c = 1 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. For non-trivial solution (v'kwU; gy ds fy,)
(  a)  
 b  =0
  c
Taking  as common from each row (izR;sd iafDr ls mHk;fu"B ysrs gS)
a
1 1 1

b
 3 1 1 1 =0

c
1 1 1

Applying C1  C1 – C3, C2  C2 – C3 and expanding

(lafØ;k C1  C1 – C3, C2  C2 – C3 rFkk izlkj djrs gS)
 ab bc ac abc  1  1 1 1
 3  2  2  2  3  = 0  =–    
      a b c
ADVQE- 40
 a2  x 2 ab – cx ac  bx  x c –b 
 
20. STATEMENT-1 : If A = ab  xc b2  x 2 bc  ax  and B =  –c x a  , then |A| =|B|2.
ac – bx bc  ax c 2  x 2   b –a x 
 
STATEMENT-2 : If A is cofactor matrix of a square matrix A of order n then |Ac| = |A|n–1.
c
(A*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct
explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false
 a2  x 2 ab – cx ac  bx  x c –b 
 
dFku 1 : ;fn A = ab  xc b  x bc  ax  vkSj B =  –c x a  gks] rks |A| =|B|2.
2 2 
ac – bx bc  ax c 2  x 2   b –a x 
 
dFku 2 : ;fn n Øe ds oxZ vkO;wg A dk lg[k.M vkO;wg Ac gks] rks |Ac| = |A|n–1 .
(A*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
(E) lHkh dFku vlR; gSA
x c b
Sol. B = –c x a
b –a x
 a2  x 2 ab – cx ac  bx 
 
Transpose matrix formed by cofactors of B =  ab  cx b2  x 2 bc  ax 
ac – bx bc  ax c 2  x 2 
 
 a2  x 2 ab – cx ac  bx 
 
B ds lg[k.Mksa ls cus vkO;wg dk ifjorZ vkO;wg B =  ab  cx b2  x 2 bc  ax 
ac – bx bc  ax c 2  x 2 
 
2
 adj B = A  adjB = A  B =A
a 0 b  x  0 
21.  
Let A =  1 e 1  y  = 0  where a,b, c, d, e  {0, 1}
 
c 0 d  z  0 
then number of such matrix A for which system of equation AX = O have unique solution.
(A) 16 (B*) 6 (C) 5 (D) none
a 0 b  x  0 
ekuk A 1 e 1  y  = 0  tgk¡ a,b, c, d, e  {0, 1}
c 0 d  z  0 
rks bl izdkj ds vkO;wgksa A dh la[;k ftlds fy;s lehdj.k fudk; AX = O vf}rh; gy j[krk gks&
(A) 16 (B*) 6 (C) 5 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. |A|  0     a(ed – 0) + b (0 – ce)
|A| = aed – bce = e (ad – bc)  0  
e = 1 and rFkk ad – bc  0
ad – bc = 1 if ;fn [ad = 1, bc = 0] Total = 3
ad – bc = –1 if ;fn [ad = 0, bc = 1] Total = 3
Total ;ksx = 3 + 3 = 6
ADVQE- 41
22. If the system of equations ax + y + z = 0,. x + by + z = 0 and x + y + cz = 0, where
1 1 1
a, b, c  1, has a nontrivial solution, then the value of + + is
1 a 1 b 1 c
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
;fn lehdj.k fudk; ax + y + z = 0,. x + by + z = 0 vkSj x + y + cz = 0 ds fy, tgk¡

1 1 1
a, b, c  1, lkFkZd (Non-trivial) gy gks] rks + + dk eku gSA
1 a 1 b 1 c
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. 1
a 1 1
Sol. = 1 b 1 =0
1 1 c
R1  R1 – R2 & R2  R2 – R3
a – 1 1– b 0
= 0 b – 1 1– c = 0   (a – 1)[(b – 1)c –(1 – c) + (1 – b)(1 – c)] = 0
1 1 c
c 1 1 1 1 1
 + + =0  + + =1
1– c 1– b 1– a 1– a 1– b 1– c
PART-II: NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS

Hkkx-II : la[;kRed iz'u (NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS)
INSTRUCTION :
 The answer to each question is NUMERICAL VALUE with two digit integer and decimal upto two digit.
 If the numerical value has more than two decimal places truncate/round-off the value to TWO decimal
placed.
funsZ'k :
 bl [k.M esa izR;sd iz'u dk mÙkj la[;kRed eku ds :i esa gS ftlesa nks iw.kk±d vad rFkk nks vad n'keyo ds ckn esa gSA
 ;fn la[;kRed eku esa nks ls vf/kd n’'keyo LFkku gS ] rks la[;kRed eku dks n'keyo ds nks LFkkuksa rd VªadsV@jkmaM
vkWQ (truncate/round-off) djsaA
1. Let X be the solution set of the equation

0 1 1
Ax = , where A =  4 3 4  and  is the unit matrix and X  N then the minimum value of
3 3 4 
(cos
x
x
  sinx ) , R is :
0 1 1
 
ekuk X lehdj.k Ax = dk gy leqPp; gS tgk¡ A =  4 3 4  rFkk  bdkbZ vkO;wg gS rFkk X  N rc ,
3 3 4 
(cos
x
x
  sinx ) , R dk U;wure eku gS :
Ans. 02.00
Sol. A2 =     A4 = A6 = ......... = 
ADVQE- 42
Now vc Ax =   x = 2, 4, 6, 8, ........
(cosx
x
  sin ) = cos2 + cos4 + ......... + sin2 + sin4 + sin6 + ........
x
cos2  sin2 
=  = cot2 + tan2
1  cos2  1  sin2 
which has minimum value 2.
ftldk U;wure eku 2 gSA
2. If A is a diagonal matrix of order 3 × 3 is commutative with every square matrix of order 3 × 3 under
multiplication and tr(A) = 10, then the value of |A| is :
;fn A, ,d 3 × 3 Øe dk fod.kZ vkO;wg gS tks xq.ku ds vUrZxr 3 × 3 Øe ds izR;sd oxZ vkO;wg ds lkFk Øefofues;
gS rFkk tr(A) = 10 rc |A| dk eku gS :
Ans. 37.03 or 37.04
Sol. A diagonal matrix is commutatives with every square matrix if it is scalar matrix. So every diagonal
10
element is .
3
1000
so |A| =
27
Hindi. ,d fod.kZ vkO;wg] izR;sd oxZ vkO;wg ds lkFk Øe fofues; gS ;fn ;g vfn'k vkO;wg gS blfy, izR ;sd fod.kZ vo;o
10 1000
gSA blfy, |A| =
3 27
3. A, is a (3×3) diagonal matrix having integral entries such that det(A) = 120, number of such matrices is
10n. Then n is :
A, ,d (3×3) Øe dk fod.kZ vkO;wg gS ftlesa iw.kk±d vo;o bl izdkj gS fd det(A) = 120 rFkk bl izdkj ds
vkO;wgksa dh la[;k 10n gS rc n dk eku gS :
Ans. 36.00
a 0 0 
Sol. given (fn;k gS) A  0 b 0   abc = 120 = 23 ×31 ×51
0 0 c 
Case - I All are Positive (lHkh /kukRed gS) = 5C2 × 3C2 × 3C2 = 90
Case - I one Positive and two negative (,d /kukRed rFkk nks _.kkRed gS )
= 3 × (5C2 × 3C2 × 3C2) = 270
So number of possible matrices = 90 + 270 = 360
vr% laEHko vkO;wgksa dh la[;k = 90 + 270 = 360
bc c a ab
c
4. If c a ab bc > 0 , where a, b, c  R+ , then is
ab
ab bc c a
bc c a ab
c
;fn c a ab bc > 0 , tgk¡ a, b, c  R+ , rc gS&
ab
ab bc c a
Ans. 00.50
bc c a ab
Sol. Let  ekuk = c a ab bc Operate : C1  C1 + C2 + C3 ls
ab bc c a
2(a  b  c) c  a a  b 1 c a ab
  = 2(a  b  a) a  b b  c = 2(a + b + c) 1 ab bc
2(a  b  c) b  c c  a 1 bc ca
Operate : R2  R2 – R1 ; R3  R3 – R1 ls
ADVQE- 43
1 c a ab
 D = 2(a + b + c) 0 bc c a
0 ba c b
bc c a
= 2(a + b + c) 1. open w.r.t. R1 R1 ds fy, izlkj
b a c b
= 2(a + b + c) [(b – c) (c – b) – (c – a) (b – a)] = 2(a + b + c) [bc – b2 – c2 + cb – (cb – ac – ab + a2)]
= 2(a + b + c) (ab + bc + ca – a2 – b2 – c2) < 0  a=b=c
a1 a2 a3
5. If a1, a2, a3 , 5, 4, a6, a7, a8, a9 are in H.P. and D = 5 4 a6 , then the value of D is
a7 a8 a9
Ans. 02.38
a1 a2 a3
;fn a1, a2, a3 , 5, 4, a6, a7, a8, a9 gjkRed Js.kh es gSa rFkk D = 5 4 a6 , rks 21D dk eku gS
a7 a8 a9
a1 a2 a3
1 1 1 1 1
Sol. D= 5 4 a6  , , ....., , , ......, are in A.P.
a1 a2 5 4 a9
a7 a8 a9
1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 (n  1) n
d=           
4 5 20 5 a 20 a1 20 an a1 20 20
20
an =
n
20 20 1 1
20 1
2 3 2 3
20 20 20 (20) 3 4 2
Hence (vr%), D =  1
4 5 6 4 7 5 3
20 20 20 7 7
1
7 8 9 8 9
R1 R1 – R2 and (rFkk) R2 R2 – R3 ls
–3 –1
0
10 3
(20)3 –3 1 50
 0   21D = 50
47 40 9 21
7 7
1
8 9
a  b  2c a b
6. If ;fn c b  c  2a b = k(a + b + c)3 , then rc (2+)k is (  k  z+) gS
c a c  a  2b
Ans. 16.00
a  b  2c a b
Sol. LHS = c b  c  2a b
c a c  a  2b
Operate lafØ;k : C1  C1 + C2 + C3 yxkus ij
ADVQE- 44
2(a  b  c) a b 1 a b
= 2(a  b  c) b  c  2a b = 2(a + b + c) 1 b  c  2a b
2(a  b  c) a c  a  2b 1 a c  a  2b
Operate lafØ;k : R2  R2 – R1 ; R3  R3 – R1 yxkus ij
1 a b
= 2(a + b + c) 0 (a  b  c) 0
0 0 (c  a  b)
Expand by C1 ls izlkj djus ij
abc 0
= 2(a + b + c) .1. = 2(a + b + c)3  k = 2 and vkSj  =  =  = 1
0 abc
7. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A denotes transpose of matrix A, A A =  and det A = 1, then
det (A – ) must be equal to
Ans. 00.00
;fn A ,d rhu Øe dk oxZ vkO;wg gS rFkk A vkO;wg A dh ifjorZ vkO;wg dks iznf'kZr djrk gS rFkk AA = I ,oa
det A = 1 rc det (A – ) cjkcj gksuk pkfg,&
Sol. AA = 
|A – | = |A – AA|  |A – | = |A| | – A|
 |A – | = – 1 . |A – I|  |A – | = – |A – |  |A – | = 0
8. Suppose A is a matrix such that A2 = A and ( + A)6 =  + kA, then k is
ekuk A ,d vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd A2 = A rFkk ( + A)6 =  + kA gks] rks k dk eku gS&
Ans. 63.00
Sol. A2 = A  A–1 A2 = A–1A  A=
 ( + A) = ( + )6 = (2)6 = 64  =  + K = (K + 1) 
6  K + 1 = 64  K = 63
 bc b2  bc c 2  bc
9. If a2  ac  ac c 2  ac = 64, then (ab + bc + ac) is :
a  ab b  ab
2 2
 ab
 bc b2  bc c 2  bc
;fn a2  ac  ac c 2  ac = 64, rc (ab + bc + ac) gS :
a2  ab b2  ab  ab
Ans. 04.00
bc b2  bc c 2  bc abc ab2  abc ac 2  abc
1
Sol. a2  ac ac c 2  ac  a2b  abc abc bc 2  abc
abc
a2  ab b2  ab ab a2c  abc b2c  abc abc
bc ab  ac ac  ab
abc
 ab  bc ac bc  ab
abc
ac  bc bc  ac ab
1 1 1
(ab + bc + ca) ab  bc ac bc  ab
ac  bc bc  ac ab
Applying C2  C2 – C1, C3  C3 – C1 (lafØ;k C2  C2 – C1, C3  C3 – C1 ls)
1 0 0
 (ab + bc + ca) ab  bc (ab  bc  ac) 0 = (ab + bc + ca)3
ac  bc 0 (ab  bc  ca)
ADVQE- 45
1  sin2 x cos2 x 4 sin2x

10. Let f(x) = 2
sin x 1  cos2 x 4 sin2x then value of f(/12) + f(/6) + f(/4) + f(/3) + f(/2) is
2
sin x 2
cos x 1  4 sin2x
;fn f(x) = sin x 1  cos x 4 sin2x gks rks f(/12) + f(/6) + f(/4) + f(/3) + f(/2) dk eku gS &
2 2
sin2 x cos2 x 1  4 sin2x

Ans. 22.92 or 22.93

Sol. f(x) = 2
sin x 1  cos x
2
4 sin2x Applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3 (lafØ;k C1  C1 + C2 + C3 ls)
sin2 x cos2 x 1  4 sin2x
= (2 + 4 sin2x) R2  R2 – R1 , R3  R3 – R1
1 cos2 x 4 sin2x
= (2 + 4 sin2x) 1 1  cos2 x 4 sin2x
1 cos2 x 1  4 sin2x
1 cos2 x 4 sin2x
f(x) = (2 + 4sin 2x) 0 1 0  f(x)max = 6
0 0 1
n 1 5 N

N
11. If Un = n2 2N  1 2N  1 and U
n 1
n = n2 , then  is
n3 3N2 3N  1 n 1
n 1 5 N

N
;fn Un = n2 2N  1 2N  1 vkSj  Un = 
n 1
n2 , rc  gS&
n3 3N2 3N  1 n 1
Ans. 02.00
N(N  1)
1 5
n 1 5 2
N
N(N  1)(2N  1)
Sol. Un = n2 2N  1 2N  1  
n 1
Un =
6
(2N  1) (2N  1)
n3 3N2 3N  1 2
 N(N  1) 
 2  3N2 (3N  1)
 
1 1 5
N(N  1)(2N  1) 1
= 1 1
2 3
N(N  1)
3N2 3N  1
2
Applying R1  R1 – R2
2
0 4
3
N(N  1)(2N  1) 1 N
2 3
1 1 = 2 n
n 1
2
N(N  1)
3N2 3N  1
2
12. The absolute value of a for which system of equations, a3x + (a + 1)3y + (a + 2)3z = 0,
ax + (a + 1) y + (a + 2) z = 0, x + y + z = 0, has a nonzero solution is:
ADVQE- 46
Hindi. a dk fujis{k eku gksxk ftlds fy, lehdj.kksa a3x + (a + 1)3y + (a + 2)3z = 0,
ax + (a + 1) y + (a + 2) z = 0, x + y + z = 0, dk fudk;] v'kwU; gy j[krk gS &
Ans. 01.00
a3 (a  1)3 (a  2)3
Sol. a (a  1) (a  2) = 0 for non - zero solution (v'kwU; gy ds fy,)
1 1 1
C2  C2 – C1, C3  C3 – C1
a3 (a  1)3 – a3 (a  2)3 – a3
a 1 2 =0
1 0 0
 2((a + 1)3 – a3) – ((a + 2)3 – a3) = 0  2 (3a2 + 3a + 1) = 6a2 + 12a + 8
 6a + 2 = 12 a + 8  – 6 = 6a  a = –1  |a| = 1
13. Consider the system of linear equations in x, y, z:

(sin 3) x  y + z = 0
(cos 2) x + 4y + 3z = 0
2x + 7y + 7z = 0
sum of all possible values of  (0, ) for which this system has non  trivial solution, is
Hindi. ekuk fd x, y, z esa jsf[kd lehdj.kksa dk fudk; gS
(sin 3) x  y + z = 0
(cos 2) x + 4y + 3z = 0
2x + 7y + 7z = 0
 (0, ) esa lehdj.k ds lHkh laHkkford ekuksa dk ;ksx gksxk] ftlds fy, ;g fudk; v'kwU; gy j[krk gSA
Ans. 03.14
Sol. For non-trivial solution v'kwU; gy ds fy,
=0
sin3 1 1
cos 2 4 3 = 0
2 7 7
7sin3 + (7cos2 – 6) + (7cos2 – 8) = 0
sin3 + 2cos2 – 2 = 0
3sin – 4sin3 + 2 – 4sin2 – 2 = 0
Let ekuk sin = t
3t – 4t3 – 4t2 = 0
t(4t2 + 4t – 3) = 0
t(4t2 + 6t – 2t – 3) = 0
t(2t – 1)(2t + 3) = 0
1 3 3
t=0 t= t t 
2 2 2
not possible laHko ugha
sin = 0 sin = 1/2

  5
 = n  = n + (–1)n n    = ,
6 6 6
14. A1 = [ a1]
 a a3 
A2 =  2 
 a 4 a5 
 a6 a7 a8 
 
A 3   a9 a10 a11  ......................An  ........
a12 a13 a14 
Where ar = [ log2r ] ([.] denotes greatest integer). Then trace of A10
ADVQE- 47
A1 = [ a1]
 a a3 
A2 =  2 
 a 4 a5 
 a6 a7 a8 
 
A 3   a9 a10 a11  ......................An  ........
a12 a13 a14 
tgk¡ ar = [ log2r ] ([.] egÙke iw.kk±d dks iznf'kZr djrk gS) rks vuqjs[k A10 dk eku gS :
Ans. 80.00
Sol. First element in A10 is a a a12 22 32 ................92 1  aa286 and [a286] = 8
and last element is a385
a385 = [log2385] = 8
Sum = 80
Hindi. A10 dk izFke vo;o gS a a a12 22 32 ................92 1  aa286 rFkk [a286] = 8
rFkk vfUre vo;o a385 gS
a385 = [log2385] = 8 ;ksxQy = 80
   
   13  3 3 
1  2 3 4
 1  2  
15. 
If  ( A  A   ) =   17 10  1  for A =  5 4 3  , then  is :

 2   
7  11 5   7 2 9 
 
 
   
   13 
 2 3 4 1 3 3 
   
;fn A =  5 4 3  ds fy,]  ( A  A   ) =   17 10  1  , rc  gS&
1 2
 2   
 7 2 9  7  11 5 
 
 
Ans. 39.00
1  2 3 4
 1 
Sol.  (A  A  )  for ds fy, A =  5 4 3 
 
 2 
 7 2 9 
–1
  1 –2 –3   –1
1  1 
=  2 1 –5  
1 1 39
(A – AT + I)–1 =  B  B 
2 2
 3 5 2  2 8
 1  
T
 26 –17 7   26 13 13   26 –13 13
1 
17 10 1
1 
–13 10 –11 =
2 
–17 10 –1
1 1
Adj B =    B = 
4 4 2 39
 13 –1 5   7 11 5   7 –11 5 
2 0  
16. Given A = 5  0  For   R  {a, b}, A–1 exists and A1 = A2 5bA + cI, when = 1. The value of
0  3 
a + b + c is :
2 0  
fn;k x;k gS A = 5  0  ,   R  {a, b} ds fy, A–1 fo|eku gS rFkk A1 = A2 5bA + cI, rc = 1 rc
0  3 
a + b + c dk eku gS :
Ans. 12.20
ADVQE- 48
2 0 – 2 0 –
Sol. A= 5  0 ; A = 5  0 0
0  3 0  3
6 – 52  = 0  (6 –5)  0
 = 0, 6/5    R – {0, 6/5}
For  = 1 (ds fy,)
2 0 –1 3 –1 1
A = 5 1 0  A = 6 – 5 =1 ; Adj A = –15 6 5
0 1 3 5 –2 2
3 –1 1
 A–1 = –15 6 5
5 –2 2
By characteristic equation A – x = 0 (vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k ls A – x = 0)
2– x 0 –1
5 1– x 0 =0  x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 1 = 0
0 1 3–x
By cayley hamilton theorem (gsfeYVu izes; ls)
A3 – 6A2 + 11A =   A–1 = A2 – 6A + 11.

17. Let a, b, c positive numbers. Find the number of solution of system of equations in x, y and z
x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2
+ – = 1 ; – + = 1 ;– + + = 1 has finitely many solutions
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
ekuk a, b, c /kukRed la[;k, gS] x, y vkSj z esa lehdj.kksa
x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2
2
+ 2 – 2
=1; 2 – 2 + 2
= 1 ;– 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 dk fudk; ifjfer gy j[krk gS ] ds gyksa
a b c a b c a b c
dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 08.00
1 1 1
a2 b2 c2
1 1 1
Sol. = by R1  R1 + R2 , R2  R2 + R3
a2 b2 c2
1 1 1
a2 b2 c2
2
0 0
a2
2 2  2  4
= 0 0 = 2 2 2 = 2 2 2
c2 a c b  abc
1 1 1
2 2
a b c2
  0 Here equations are of second degree so, more than one finite solution.
1 1 1
a2 b2 c2
1 1 1
Hindi.  = by R1  R1 + R2 , R2  R2 + R3
a2 b2 c2
1 1 1
a2 b2 c2
ADVQE- 49
2
0 0
a2
2 2  2  4
 = 0 0 = 2  2 2 
= 2 2 2
c2 a c b  abc
1 1 1
a2 b2 c2
  0 pwafd ;gk¡ ij lehdj.k f}rh; ?kkr dh gS vr% ,d ls T;knk ifjfer gy gksaxsA
ADVQE- 50

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. Suppose a1, a2, a3 are in A.P. and b1, b2, b3 are in H.P. and let 
a1  b1 a1  b2 a1  b3
   = a2  b1 a2  b2 a2  b3 , then
a3  b1 a3  b2 a3  b3
(A*)  is independent of a1, a2, a3, (B*) a1  , a2  2, a3  3 are in A.P.
(C*) b1 + , b2 + 2, b3 +  are in H.P. (D*)  is independent of b1, b2, b3
a1  b1 a1  b2 a1  b3
ekuk a1, a2, a3 lekUrj Js<+h esa gSa vkSj b1, b2, b3 gjkRed Js<+h esa gSaA ;fn  = a2  b1 a2  b2 a2  b3 gks] rks
a3  b1 a3  b2 a3  b3
(A)  , a1, a2, a3, ls LorU=k gSA (B) a1  , a2  2, a3  3 lekUrj Js<+h esa gSA
(C) b1 + , b2 + 2, b3 +  gjkRed Js<+h esa gSaA (D)  dk eku b1, b2, b3 ls LorU=k gSA
a1 – b1 a1 – b2 a1 – b3
Sol. a2 – b1 a2 – b2 a 2 – b3
a3 – b1 a3 – b2 a3 – b 3
R2  R2 – R1 & R3  R3 – R2
a1 – b1 a1 – b2 a1 a1 – b1 a1 – b 2 a1
a2 – a1 a2 – a1 a2  a1 = d d d =0
a3 – a2 a3 – a2 a3  a2 d d d
=0
 cos  – sin 
2. Let  = , X =   , O is null maxtrix and  is an identity matrix of order 2 × 2, and if
5  sin  cos  
 + X + X2 + ...... + Xn = O, then n can be
 cos  – sin 
ekuk  = , X =   , O 'kwU; vkO;wg gS rFkk  , 2 × 2 Øe dk rRled vkO;wg gS
5  sin  cos  
;fn  + X + X2 + ...... + Xn = O, rc n dk eku gks ldrk gS&
(A*) 9 (B*) 19 (C) 4  (D*) 29
  2 n   n  
cos  cos  .....  cos   sin  .... sin  
Sol. X + X2 + ...... Xn = 
5 5 5  5 5 
  2 n  n 
 sin  sin  ....  cos cos  .... cos 
 5 5 5 5 5 
n n
r r

r 1
cos
5
 1 and vkSj  sin 5  0
r 1
 n = 9, 19, 29, .....
x 2y  z z
3. If  = y 2x  z z , then
y 2y  z 2x  2y  z
(A*) x – y is a factor of  (B*) (x – y)2 is a factor of 
(C) (x – y)3 is a factor of  (D)  is independent of z
ADVQE- 51
x 2y  z z
;fn  = y 2x  z z gks, rks
y 2y  z 2x  2y  z
(A) x – y ,  dk ,d xq.ku[k.M gSA (B) (x – y)2 , dk ,d xq.ku[k.M gSaA
(C) (x – y)3 , dk ,d xq.ku[k.M gSA (D)  , z ls LorU=k gSA
x 2y – z –z
Sol.  = y 2x – z –z
y 2y – z 2x – 2y – z
Applying R2  R2 – R1 & R3  R3 – R1 (lafØ;k R2  R2 – R1 rFkk R3  R3 – R1 ls)
x 2y – z –z x 2y – z –z
= y – x 2(x – y) 0 = (x – y)2 –1 2 0 = 4(x – y)2 (x + y – z)
y–x 0 2(x – y) –1 0 2
So  is divisible by (x – y) & (x – y)2. (vr% (x – y) rFkk (x – y)2 ls foHkkftr gS)
x a b
4. Let a, b > 0 and  = b  x a , then
a b x
(A*) a + b – x is a factor of  (B*) x2 + (a + b)x + a2 + b2 – ab is a factor of 
(C*)  = 0 has three real roots if a = b (D) a + b + x is a factor of 
x a b
ekuk a, b > 0 vkSj  = b  x a gks] rks
a b x
(A) a + b – x , dk ,d xq.ku[k.M gSA (B) x2 + (a + b)x + a2 + b2 – ab , dk ,d xq.ku[k.M gSA
(C) ;fn a = b gks] rks  = 0 ds rhu okLrfod ewy gS]
(D) a + b + x,dk ,d xq.ku[k.M gSA
–x a b 1 a b
Sol.  = b –x a = (a + b – x) 1 –x a
a b –x 1 b –x
Applying R2  R2 – R1 , R3 R3 – R1 (lafØ;k R2  R2 – R1 , R3 R3 – R1 ls)
1 a b
= (a + b – x) 0 –(x  a) a – b = (a + b – x) {(x + a) (x + b) + (a – b)2}
0 b–a –(x  b)
If (;fn) a = b then (gS] rks) (2a – x){(x + a)2} = 0 then x = –a, x = 2a i.e., vFkkZr~ x is real okLrfod gS.
b c b  c
5. The determinent  = c d c  d is equal to zero if
b  c c  d a3  c
(A) b, c, d are in A.P. (B*) b, c, d are in G.P.
(C) b, c, d are in H.P. (D*)  is a root of ax3 – bx2 – 3cx – d = 0
b c b  c
lkjf.kd c d c  d dk eku 'kwU; gksxk] ;fn
b  c c  d a3  c
(A) b, c, d l-Js- esa gSaA (B) b, c, d xq-Js- esa gSaA
(C) b, c, d g-Js- esa gSaA (D)  , ax3 – bx2 – 3cx – d = 0 dk ,d ewy gSA
b c b  c
Sol. = c d c  d = 0
b  c c  d a3 – c
ADVQE- 52
Applying C3  C3 – (C1 + C2) (lafØ;k C3  C3 – (C1 + C2) ls)

b c 0
= c d 0 =0 (a3 – b2 – 3c – d) (bd – c2) = 0
b  c c  d a3 – b 2 – 3c – d
 Either b, c, d in G.P. or  is root of ax 3 – bx2 – 3cx – d = 0
( ;k rks b, c, d xq.kksÙkj Js<h es gS ;k ax3 – bx2 – 3cx – d = 0 dk ewy  gS)
a2 (1  x) ab ac
6. The determinant  = ab b2 (1  x) bc is divisible by
ac bc c 2 (1  x)
a2 (1  x) ab ac
lkjf.kd  = ab b (1 x)
2
bc dk ,d xq.ku[k.M gS&
ac bc c2 (1 x)
(A*) x + 3 (B) (1 + x)2 (C*) x2 (D) x2 + 1
a (1  x)
2
ab ac (1  x) 1 1
Sol. = ab b (1  x)
2
bc =abc
2 2 2
1 (1  x) 1
ac bc c 2 (1  x) 1 1 (1  x)
1 1 1
a b c (3+x) 1 (1  x)
2 2 2
1
1 1 (1  x)
Applying R1  R1–R2, R2  R2 – R3 (lafØ;k R1  R1–R2, R2  R2 – R3 ls)
0 x 0
=0 x  x a2b2c2(3+x) = a2b2c2(3+x) x2
1 1 1 x
Which is divisible by x 2 (tks fd x2 ls foHkftr gS)
7. If A is a nonsingular matrix and AT denotes the transpose of A, then:

;fn A ,d O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg gS vkSj AT ] A ds ifjorZ dks iznf'kZr djrk gks] rks –
(A) A  AT  (B*) A. AT  A2
(C*) AT. A AT 2 (D*) A+AT  0
Sol. A  A 2A 0
T
2sin x sin2 x 0
8. Let f(x) = 1 2sin x sin2 x , then
0 1 2sin x
(A) f(x) is independent of x (B*) f(/2) = 0
/2
(C*) 
 / 2
f(x)dx  0 (D*) tangent to the curve y = f(x) at x = 0 is y = 0
2sin x sin2 x 0
;fn f(x) = 1 2sin x sin2 x gks] rks
0 1 2sin x
(A) f(x), x ls Lora=k gSA (B*) f(/2) = 0
/2
(C*) 
 / 2
f(x)dx  0 (D*) x = 0 ij oØ y = f(x) dh Li'kZ js[kk y = 0 gSA
ADVQE- 53
2sin x sin2 x 0
Sol. f(x) = 1 2sin x sin2 x = 2 sinx (4 sin2x – sin2x) – sin2x(2sin x) = 6sin3x – 2sin3x
0 1 2sin x
f(x) = 4 sin3x  f(x) = 12sin2x cos x
(B) f(/2) = 12 sin2 (/2) cos (/2) = 0

(C) f(–x) = –f(x) odd function

   2

2
f(x)dx = 0
 dy 
(D) at x = 0, y = 0     dx  = 0 tangent at (0, 0)
  0,0
 dy 
y–0=   (x – 0)  y=0
 dx  0,0
2sin x sin2 x 0
Hindi. f(x) = 1 2sin x sin2 x = 2 sinx (4 sin2x – sin2x) – sin2x(2sin x) = 6sin3x – 2sin3x
0 1 2sin x
f(x) = 4 sin3x  f(x) = 12sin2x cos x
(B) f(/2) = 12 sin2 (/2) cos (/2) = 0


(C) f(–x) = –f(x) fo"ke Qyu   2

2
f(x)dx = 0
 dy 
(D) at x = 0, y = 0     dx  = 0,
  0,0
 dy 
(0, 0) ij LIk'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k y – 0 =   (x – 0), y = 0
 dx  0,0
1/ x log x xn
9. Let f(x) = 1 1/ n ( 1)n , then (where f n(x) denotes nth derivative of f(x))
1 a a2
(A*) f n (1) is indepedent of a
(B*) f n (1) is indepedent of n
(C) f n(1) depends on a and n
(D*) y = a(x - f n (1)) represents a straight line through the origin
1/ x log x xn
ekuk f(x) = 1 1/ n ( 1)n gks] rks (tgk¡ fn(x), f(x) dk nok¡ vodyt gSA)
1 a a2
(A*) f n(1) , a ls Lora=k gSA
(B*) f n (1) , n ls Lora=k gSA
(C) f n(1) , a ,oa n ij fuHkZj djrk gSa
(D*) y = a(x - f n (1)) ,d ljy js[kk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS tks ewy fcUnq ls xqtjrh gSA
1/ x log x xn 1/ x 2 1/ x nxn 1
Sol. f(x) = 1 1/ n ( 1)n ; f(x) = 1 1/ n ( 1)n
1 a a2 1 a a2
ADVQE- 54
n ! ( 1)n 1 (n  1) !
( 1)n n !
2 / x3 1/ x 2 n(n  1)xn  2 x n 1 xn
f(x) = 1 1/ n ( 1)n ; f n(x) = 1 1/ n ( 1)n
2
1 a a 1 a a2
( 1)n n ! ( 1)n 1(n  1)! n ! 1 1/ n ( 1)n

f n(1) = 1 1/ n ( 1)n = (–1)n n! 1 1/ n ( 1)n = 0
1 a a2 1 a a2
and rFkk y = a (x – f n(1))
y = ax
10. Let A, B, C, D be real matrices such that AT = BCD ; BT = CDA ; CT = DAB and DT = ABC for the matrix
M = ABCD, then find M2016 ?
ekuk fd A, B, C, D okLrfod vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd AT = BCD ; BT = CDA ; CT = DAB vkSj DT = ABC rc
vkO;wg ds fy, M = ABCD ds fy, M2016 dk eku gS ?
(A) M (B*) M2 (C) M3 (D*) M4
Sol. M = ABCD = A(BCD) = AAT
M3 = (ABCD) (ABCD) (ABCD) = (ABC) (DAB) (CDA) (BCD) = DT CT BT AT = (BCD)TAT = AAT = M.
Similarly lkekU;r;k M9k = M.
11. Let A and B be two 2 × 2 matrix with real entries. If AB = O and tr(A) = tr(B) = 0 then
(A*) A and B are comutative w.r.t. operation of multiplication.
(B) A and B are not commutative w.r.t. operation of multiplication.
(C) A and B are both null matrices.
(D*) BA = 0
ekuk A rFkk B, nks 2 × 2 dk okLrfod vkO;wg gS ;fn AB = O rFkk tr(A) = tr(B) = 0 gks rks
(A*) xq.ku lafØ;k ds lkis{k A rFkk B Øefofue; gSA
(B) xq.ku lafØ;k ds lkis{k A rFkk B Øefofue; ugha gSA
(C) A rFkk B nksuksa fjDr vkO;wg gSA
(D*) BA = 0
a b1  a b2  a a  b1c 2 a1b2  b1a2  0 0 

Sol. Let (ekuk) A =  1  and (rFkk) B =  2   AB =  1 2  =  
c1 –a1  c 2 –a2  c1a2 – a1c 2 c1b2  a1a2  0 0 
 a1a2 + b1c2 = a1b2 – b1a2 = c1a2 – a1c2 = c1b2 + a1a2 = 0
a a  b2c1 a2b1 – b2a1  0 0 
BA =  2 1  =  
c 2a1 – a2c1 c 2b1  a2a1  0 0 
 1 1 0 
12. IfA–1 =  0 2 1  , then
 0 0 1 
(A) | A | = 2 (B*) A is non-singular
 1/ 2 1/ 2 0 
(C*) Adj. A =  0 1 1/ 2  (D) A is skew symmetric matrix
 
 0 0 1/ 2 
 1 1 0 
;fn A–1 =  0 2 1  gks] rks &
 0 0 1 
(A) | A | = 2 (B*) A O;qRØe.kh; gSaA
ADVQE- 55
 1/ 2 1/ 2 0 
(C*) Adj. A =  0 1  (D) A fo"ke lefer eSfVªDl gSaA
1/ 2
 
 0 0 
1/ 2
1 –1 0 1/ 2 –1/ 2 0
1
Sol. adj A = A–1 A = 0 –2 1 = 0 –1 1/ 2
2
0 0 1 0 0 –1/ 2
adj A 1 1
Here (;gk¡) A–1 = , A –1 = and (rFkk) A =
A A 2
13. If A and B are square matrices of order 3, then the true statement is/are (where I is unit matrix).
(A*) det ( A) =  det A (B*) If AB is singular then atleast one of A or B is
singular
(C) det (A + I) = 1 + det A (D*) det (2A) = 23 det A
;fn A vkSj B, 3 Øe dk oxZ vkO;wg gks] rks fuEu esa ls lgh dFku gSa ¼tgk¡ I bdkbZ vkO;wg gSa½ &
(A*) det ( A) =  det A
(B*) ;fn AB vO;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg gS rc A ;k B es ls de ls de ,d vO;qRØe.kh; gSA
(C) det (A + I) = 1 + det A
(D*) det (2A) = 23 det A
Sol. det (–A) = (–1)n det (A) where n is order of square matrix.
(det (–A) = (–1)n det (A) tgk¡ n Øe oxZ dk vkO;wg gS)
14. Let M be a 3 × 3 non-singular matrix with det(M) = 4. If M– 1 adj(adj M) = k2, then the value of 'k' may be
:
ekuk M ,d 3 × 3 Øe dk O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg gS tgk¡ det(M) = 4 ;fn M– 1 adj(adj M) = k2rks 'k' dk eku gks
ldrk gS&
(A*) +2 (B) 4 (C*) –2 (D) –4
Sol. M– 1 adj(adj M) = k2
Pre-multiplying by M (M ls iwoZxq.ku djus ij )
adj(adj M) = k2M
det(adj(adj M)) = det(k2M)
= k6 det (M)
(det M)4 = k6 (det M)
(det M)3 = k6
det M = k2  k2 =   k2 = 4
15. If AX = B where A is 3 × 3 and X and B are 3×1 matrices then which of the following is correct?
(A) If |A| = 0 then AX = B has infinite solutions
(B*) If AX = B has infinite solutions then |A| = 0
(C*) If (adj(A)) B = 0 and |A|  0 then AX = B has unique solution
(D*) If (adj(A)) B  0 & |A| = 0 then AX = B has no solution
;fn AX = B tgk¡ A ,d 3 × 3 Øe dk vkO;wg gS vkSj X vkSj B, 3×1 Øe dk vkO;wg gS rc fuEu es ls dkSulk lgh
gS?
(A) ;fn |A| = 0 rc AX = B ds vuUr gy gSA
(B*) ;fn AX = B ds vuUr gy gS rc |A| = 0
(C*) ;fn (adj(A)) B = 0 vkSj |A|  0 rc AX = B vf}rh; gy j[krk gSA
(D*) ;fn (adj(A)) B  0 vkSj |A| = 0 rc AX = B dk dksbZ gy ugh gSA
Sol. Obvious
ADVQE- 56
0 1 b   1 1  1
16_. Let M =  1 2 d and adj M = 
 8 6 2 

a c 1  5 3 e 
than which of the following option is/are correct ?

(A*) a + b + c + d + e = 8 (B*) |M| = –2
(C) a = 3 (D) b = 3
0 1 b 1 1  1
ekuk M = 1 2 d vkSj adj M =  8 6 2

a c 1  5 3 e 
rc fuEu es ls dkSulk fodYi lgh gS?

(A*) a + b + c + d + e = 8 (B*) |M| = –2
(C) a = 3 (D) b = 3
Sol. adj(adj M) = |M| M

compare their element of 3rd row and 3rd column
 |M| (1) = (6 – 8)  |M| = –2
e = (0 × 2 – 1× 1) = –1
Now |M| × b = 2 – 6  b = 2
|M| × a = 24 – 30  a = 3
|M| × d = –(–2 + 8)  d = 3
|M| × c = –(–3 + 5)  c = 1  a+b+c+d+e=8
Hindi. adj(adj M) = |M| m
3 iafDr vkSj 3 LrEHk ls rqyuk djus ij
 |M| (1) = (6 – 8)  |M| = –2

e = (0 × 2 – 1× 1) = –1
vc |M| × b = 2 – 6  b = 2
|M| × a = 24 – 30  a = 3
|M| × d = –(–2 + 8)  d = 3
|M| × c = –(–3 + 5)  c = 1  a+b+c+d+e=8
ADVQE- 57
2 3 6 
17_. Let P = 6 2  3 , P PT is diagonal matrix, Trace of PTAP = 49, where in matrix A = [ aij ],
a b c 
a11 + a22 = 0, a33 = 1, then which of the following statement is/are correct ?
(A*) |Det(P)| = 343 (B*) |a| + |b| + |c| = 11
(C*) Tr(PPT) = 147 (D) APPT is diagonal matrix
2 3 6
ekuk P = 6 2  3 , P PT ,d fod.kZ vkO;wg gS PTAP dk vuqjs[k = 49 tgk¡ vkO;wg A = [ aij ]
a b c 
a11 + a22 = 0, a33 = 1, rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku xyr gS &
(A*) |Det(P)| = 343 (B*) |a| + |b| + |c| = 11

(C*) Tr(PPT) = 147 (D) APPT fod.kZ vkO;wg
2 3 6  2 6 a 
     2a + 3b + 6c = 0, 6a + 2b – 3c = 0
Sol. 6 2  3 3 2 b = diagonal matrix
a b c  6  3 c 
a b c
    a = –3, b = 6, c = –2
 21 42  14
Now trace of PTAP = trace of PPTA
49 0 0  a11 a12 a13 

= trace of  0 49   
0  a 21 a 22 a 23 
 0 0 492  a 31 a 32 a 33 
= 49(a11 + a22) + 49a33 2 = 49  492 = 49  = ±1
a 1 0  a 1 1 f  a 2  x
 
18^. If A   1 b d , B  0 d c  , U  g , V   0  , X =  y 
     
 1 b c   f g h h  0  z 
 
and AX = U has infinitely many solution. Then which of the following statement is/are correct
(A) BX = V has unique solution
(B*) BX = V has no unique solution
(C*) if afd  0, then BX = V has no solution.
(D) if afd  0, then BX = V has unique solution.
a 1 0  a 1 1 f  a 2  x
;fn A   1 b d , B   0 d c  , U   g , V   0  ,X=  y  vkSj AX = U ds vuUr gy gks] rks
       
 1 b c   f g h  h  0  z 
 
fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lR; gSaA
(A) BX = V dk vf}rh; gy gS
(B*) BX = V dk dksbZ gy ugha gSA
(C*) ;fn afd  0, rc BX = V dk vf}rh; gy gSA
(D) ;fn afd  0, rc BX = V dk vf}rh; gy gSA
Sol. Since AX = U has infinitely many solution

pw¡fd AX = U ds vuUr gy gSA
ADVQE- 58
a 1 0
|A| = 0 1 b d = 0
1 b c
a(bc – db) + 1 (d – c) = 0
(d – c) (ab – 1) = 0
ab = 1, d = c
f 1 0
|A1| = g b d = 0  c = d, g = h
h b c
a 1 f
|A3| = 1 b g =0  g=h
1 b h
a f 0
|A2| = 1 g d =0  g = h, c = d
1 h c
g = h, c = d
BX = V
a 1 1
|B| = 0 d c = 0
f g h
By (1) C2 and C3 are equal (1) ls C2 ,oa C3 cjkcj gSA
a2 1 1
 |B| = 0 ; |B1| = 0 d c =0
0 g h
Since (pw¡fd) c = d and (,oa) g = h
a a2 1
|B2| = 0 0 c = a2 cf = a2df
f 0 h
adf  0  |B2|  0
|B| = 0 and (,oa) |B2|  0
BX = V has no solution BX = V dk dksbZ gy ugha gSA
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehension # 1
vuqPNsn # 1
Let be the set of all 3×3 symmetric matrices whose entries are 1,1,1,0,0,0,–1, –1, –1. B is one of the
matrix in set and
x 0   1
X =  y  U = 0  V = 0  .
 z  0  0 
1. Number of such matrices B in set is , then  lies in the interval

(A*) (30, 40) (B) (38, 40) (C*) (34, 38) (D) (25, 35)
ADVQE- 59
2. Number of matrices B such that equation BX = U has infinite solutions

(A*) is at least 6 (B) is not more than 10 (C*) lie between 8 to 16 (D) is zero.
3. The equation BX = V
(A*) is inconsistent for atleast 3 matrices B.

(B) is inconsistent for all matrices B.
(C*) is inconsistent for at most 12 matrices B.
(D) has infinite number of solutions for at least 3 matrices B.
a x y 
Sol. (1) Let any symmetric matrix B =  x b z 
 y z c 
so total matrices possible = 3 ! × 3 ! = 36.
(2) For homogeneous system infinite solution are possible if |B| = 0

|B| = abc + 2xyz – by2 – cx2 – az2.
abc = xyz = 0 (one of a,b,c and one of x, y, z is zero)
if a=0 z=0  |B| = 0 - 4 cases
b=0 y=0  |B| = 0 - 4 cases
c=0 x=0  |B| = 0 - 4 cases
so total cases are 12.
(3) BX = V is always inconsistent. when |B| = 0
so 12 cases
vuqPNsn # 1
ekuk lHkh 3×3 Øe dh lefer vkO;wgksa dk leqPp; gS] ftuds vo;o 1,1,1,0,0,0,–1, –1, –1 gSaA ekuk B
leqPp; dk ,d vkO;wg gS vkSj
x 0   1
X =  y  U = 0  V = 0 
 z  0  0 
rks fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A
1*. ;fn leqPp; esa bl izdkj ds vkO;wgks B dh la[;k gSa] rks  vUrjky esa fLFkr gS&
(A*) (30, 40) (B) (38, 40) (C*) (34, 38) (D) (25, 35)
2*. ;fn lehdj.k BX = U vuUr gy j[krk gS] rks vkO;wgksa B dh la[;k gksxh &
(A*) de ls de 6 (B) 10 ls vf/kd ugha
(C*) 8 ls 16 ds e/; (D) 'kwU; gS
3*. lehdj.k BX = V
(A*) de ls de rhu vkO;wg B ds fy, valxr gSA
(B) lHkh vkO;wg B ds fy, valxr gSA
(C*) vf/kdre 12 vkO;wg B ds fy, valxr gSA
(D) de ls de rhu vkO;wg B ds fy, vUkUr gy fo|eku gSA
a x y 
Sol. (1) ekuk lefer vkO;wg B =  x b z 
 y z c 
vr% laHko vkO;wg dh dqy la[;k = 3 ! × 3 !
= 36.
(2) le?kkr lehdj.k fudk; ds vUkUr gy ds fy, |B| = 0
|B| = abc + 2xyz – by2 – cx2 – az2.

abc = xyz = 0 (a,b,c esa ls dksbZ ,d rFkk x, y, z esa ls dksbZ ,d vo'; 'kwU; gksxk)
;fn a=0 z=0  |B| = 0 - 4 cases
ADVQE- 60
b=0 y=0  |B| = 0 - 4 cases

c=0 x=0  |B| = 0 - 4 cases
vr% dqqy 12 vkO;wg gS.
(3) BX = V lnSo vlaxr gksxh ;fn |B| = 0
vr% 12 vkO;wg
Comprehension # 2
Some special square matrices are defined as follows :
Nilpotent matrix : A square matrix A is said to be nilpotent ( of order 2) if, A2 = O. A square matrix is said to be
nilpotent of order p, if p is the least positive integer such that Ap = O.
Idempotent matrix : A square matrix A is said to be idempotent if, A2 = A.
1 0
e.g.   is an idempotent matrix.
 0 1
Involutory matrix : A square matrix A is said to be involutory if A2 = , being the identity matrix.
1 0
e.g. A =   is an involutory matrix.
 0 1
Orthogonal matrix : A square matrix A is said to be an orthogonal matrix if A A =  = AA.
4. If A and B are two square matrices such that AB = A & BA = B, then A & B are
(A*) Idempotent matrices (B) Involutory matrices
(C) Orthogonal matrices (D) Nilpotent matrices
Sol. AB = A
Premultiplying by B
BAB = BA
BB = B
B2 = B  B is idempotent
similarly on post mutliplying by A
ABA = A2  AB = A2
A = A2  A is idempotent
 0 2  
5. If the matrix     is orthogonal, then
   
1 1 1
(A)  = ± (B)  = ± (C)  = ± (D*) all of these
2 6 3
Sol. For orthogonal matrix AA = 
0 2  0   1 0 0 42  2 2 2  2  2 2   
    2   = 0 1 0  22  2 
2
2  
2
 2 =   
      0 0 1 2   
2 2 2
    2
2 2
   
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
 42 + 2 = 1, 22 – 2 = 0, – 22 + 2 = 0, 2 – 2 – 2 = 0, 2 + 2 + 2 = 1
1 1 1
 =± , =± ,=±
2 6 3
1 1 3
6. The matrix A =  5 2 6  is
 2 1 3 
(A) idempotent matrix (B) involutory matrix
(C*) nilpotent matrix (D) none of these
ADVQE- 61
1 1 3 0 0 0 
Sol. A =  5 2 6    A = 0 0 0   A2 is nilpotent
2
 –2 –1 –3  0 0 0 
vuqPNsn # 2
dqN fo'ks"k oxZ vkO;wg fuEuizdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS
'kwU;Hkkoh vkO;wg (Nilpotent matrix) : ;fn dksbZ oxZ vkO;wg A bl izdkj gS fd A2 = O gks] rks vkO;wg A dks 'kwU;Hkkoh vkO;wg
¼Øe 2½ dgrs gSaA ,d oxZ vkO;wg p Øe dh 'kwU;Hkkoh vkO;wg dgk tkrk gS ;fn p lcls de /kukRed iw.kk±d bl
izdkj gks fd Ap = O.
oxZle vkO;wg (Idempotent matrix) : ,d oxZ vkO;wg A dks oxZle dgk tkrk gS ;fn A2 = A.
1 0
tSls   ,d oxZle vkO;wg gSaA
 0 1
vUroZyuh; vkO;wg (Involutory matrix) : ,d oxZ vkO;wg A dks vUroZyuh; dgk tkrk gS ;fn A2 = , bdkbZ
vkO;wg gSA
1 0
tSls A =   ,d vUroZyuh; vkO;wg gSaA
 0 1
ykfEcd vkO;wg (Orthogonal matrix) : ,d oxZ vkO;wg A dks ykfEcd vkO;wg dgk tkrk gSa
4. ;fn A vkSj B nks oxZ vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd AB = A ,oa BA = B gks] rks A vkSj B gSa &
(A*) oxZle vkO;wg (B) vUroZyuh; vkO;wg (C) ykfEcd vkO;wg (D) 'kwU;Hkkoh vkO;wg
Sol. AB = A
B ls iwoZxq.ku djus ij
BAB = BA
BB = B
B2 = B  B oxZle gS
blh izdkj A ls vxzxq.kt djus ij
ABA = A2
AB = A2
A = A2  A oxZle vkO;wg gS
 0 2  
5. ;fn vkO;wg     ykfEcd vkO;wg gks] rks&
   
1 1 1
(A)  = ± (B)  = ± (C)  = ± (D*) mijksDr lHkh
2 6 3
Sol. ykfEcd vkO;wg ds fy, AA = 
0 2  0   1 0 0 42   2 22   2 22   2
     2   =  0 1 0  22   2  2  2   2  2  2   2 =
      0 0 1 22   2  2  2   2  2  2   2
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
 42 + 2 = 1, 22 – 2 = 0, – 22 + 2 = 0, 2 – 2 – 2 = 0, 2 + 2 + 2 = 1
1 1 1
 =± , =± ,=±
2 6 3
1 1 3
6. vkO;wg A =  5 2 6  gS &
 2 1 3 
ADVQE- 62
(A) oxZle vkO;wg (B) vUroZyuh; vkO;wg

(C*) 'kwU;Hkkoh vkO;wg (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
1 1 3 0 0 0 
Sol. A =  5 2 6   A2 = 0 0 0   A2 is nilpotent
 
 –2 –1 –3  0 0 0 
ADVQE- 63

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -
Comprehension (Q. No. 1 to 3)
Let p be an odd prime number and Tp be the following set of 2 × 2 matrices :


 a b 

Tp =  A    : a, b, c  {0, 1 , 2,.....,p – 1} 

 c a 

1. The number of A in Tp such that A is either symmetric or skew-symmetric or both, and det (A) divisible
by p is [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1), 84]
(A) (p – 1)2 (B) 2 (p – 1) (C) (p – 1)2 + 1 (D*) 2p – 1

a b 
Sol. A=   where a, b, c  {0,1,2,....p – 1}
c a 
Case- I A is symmetric matrix   
b=c
  det(A) = a2 – b2 is divisible by p  (a – b) (a + b) is divisible by p
(a) a – b is divisible by p if a = b, then 'p' cases are possible
(p – 1)
(b) a + b is divisible by p if a + b = p, then × 2 = (p – 1) cases are possible
2
Case - II
A is skew symmetric matrix
if a = 0, b + c = 0, then det (A) = b2  b2 can never be divisible by p. So No case is possible
Total number of A is possible = 2p – 1
2. The number of A in Tp such that the trace of A is not divisible by p but det (A) is divisible by p is
[Note : The trace of matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.] [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1), 84]
(A) (p – 1)(p2 – p + 1) (B) p3 – (p – 1)2
(C*) (p – 1) 2 (D) (p – 1)(p2 – 2)
Sol. a – bc ÷ p
2   a can be chosen in p – 1 ways (a  0)
Let a be 4 & p = 5  so a2 = 16 and hence bc should be chosen such that a2 – bc ÷ p
Now b can be chosen in p – 1 ways and c in only 1 (one be is chosen)
Explanation : If b = 1  c = 1 ; b=2c=3
b=3c=2 ; b=4c=4
Hence a can be chosen in p – 1 ways
and then b can be chosen in p – 1 ways
c can be chosen in 1 ways
so (p – 1)2
3. The number of A in Tp such that det (A) is not divisible by p is[IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1), 84]
(A) 2p2 (B) p3 – 5p (C) p3 – 3p (D*) p3 – p2
Sol. As = Total cases – (a  0 and |A| is divisible by p) – (a = 0 and |A| is divisible by p)
= p3 – (p –1)2 – (2p – 1) = p3 – p2 – bc p since b & c both we coprime to p
 one of them must be zero.
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PAGE NO.-1
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If b = 0  c can be chosen in {0,1,....p – 1}

If c = 0  b can be chosen in {0,1,....p – 1}
vuqPNsn ¼iz'u 1 - 3 ds fy,½

ekuk fd p ,d fo"ke vHkkT; la[;k (odd prime number) gS rFkk Tp , 2 × 2 vkO;wgksa dk fuEu leqPp; gS %

 a b 

Tp =  A    : a, b, c  {0, 1 , 2,.....,p – 1} 

 c a 

1. Tp esa ,sls A dh la[;k tks lefer] fo"ke lefer vFkok nksuksa izdkj ds gksa] ,oa ftuds fy, det (A), p ls foHkkT; gks]
fuEu gS& [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1), 84]
(A) (p – 1)2 (B) 2 (p – 1) (C) (p – 1)2 + 1 (D*) 2p – 1

a b 
Sol. A=   tgk¡ a, b, c  {0,1,2,....p – 1}
c a 
Case- I A lefer vkO;wg gS    b=c
  det(A) = a2– b2 , p ls foHkkftr gS  (a – b) (a + b) , p ls foHkkftr gS
(a) a – b, p ls foHkkftr gS ;fn a = b, rc laHkkfor fLFkfr;k¡ 'p' gS
(p – 1)
(b) a + b, p ls foHkkftr gS ;fn a + b = p, rc laHkkfor fLFkfr;k¡ × 2 = (p – 1) gS
2
Case - II
A fo"ke lefer vkO;wg gS
;fn a = 0, b + c = 0, rc det (A) = b2  b2 , p ls dHkh foHkkftr ugha gksxk dksbZ laHkkfor fLFkfr ugha
A dh dqy laHkkfor fLFkfr = 2p – 1
2. Tp esa ,sls A dh la[;k ftuds fy, trace (A), p ls foHkkT; ugha gS] ijUrq det (A), p ls foHkkT; gS] fuEu gS&
[uksV : trace (A), A ds fod.khZ; izfof"V;ksa dk ;ksx gksrk gS ] [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1), 84]
(A) (p – 1)(p2 – p + 1) (B) p3 – (p – 1)2
(C*) (p – 1)2 (D) (p – 1)(p2 – 2)
Sol. a – bc ÷ p
2
a dks p – 1 rjhdksa ls pquk tkrk gS (a  0)

ekuk a = 4 vkSj p = 5
blfy, a2 = 16 vr% bc bl izdkj pquk tkrk gS fd a2 – bc ÷ p
vc b dks p – 1 rjhdksa ls pquk tkrk gS vkSj c dks dsoy 1 rjhds ls pquk tkrk gS
O;k[;k: ;fn b=1c=1 ; b=2c=3
b=3c=2 ; b=4c=4
vr% a, p – 1 rjhdksa ls pquk tk ldrk gS
vkSj rc b, p – 1 rjhdksa ls pquk tk ldrk gS
c ,d rjhds ls pquk tk ldrk gS
blfy, (p – 1)2
3. Tp esa ,sls A dh la[;k ftuds fy, det (A), p ls foHkkT; ugha gS] fuEu gS&[IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1), 84]
(A) 2p2 (B) p3 – 5p (C) p3 – 3p (D*) p3 – p2
Sol. dqy fLFkfr;k¡ – (a  0 rFkk |A|, p ls foHkkftr gS ) – (a = 0 rFkk |A|, p ls foHkkftr gS)
= p3 – (p –1)2 – (2p – 1) = p3 – p2
– bc p pw¡fd b vkSj c nksuksa p ds lgvHkkT; gS
 muesa ls ,d dks 'kwU; gksuk gS
;fn b = 0  rks c dks {0,1,....p – 1} ls pquk tk ldrk gS
;fn c = 0  rks b dks {0,1,....p – 1} ls pquk tk ldrk gS
PAGE NO.-2
4. The number of all possible values of , where 0 <  < , for which the system of equations
(y + z) cos 3 = (xyz) sin 3 
2cos3 2 sin3
x sin 3 = +
y z
(xyz) sin 3 = (y + 2z) cos 3  + y sin 3
have a solution (x 0, y0, z0) with y0 z0  0, is [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, 0), 84]
0 <  < dks lUrq"V djus okys  ds lHkh lEHkkfor ekuksa dh la[;k] ftuds fy, lehdj.k lewg
(y + z) cos 3 = (xyz) sin 3
2cos3 2 sin3
x sin 3 = +
y z
(xyz) sin 3 = (y + 2z) cos 3  + y sin 3
dk ,d gy (x0, y0, z0) gS] tgk¡ y0 z0  0, gS
Ans. 3
Sol. Let xyz = t
t sin3 – y cos 3 – z cos3 = 0 ..........(1)
t sin3 – 2y sin 3 – 2z cos3 = 0 ..........(2)
t sin3 – y (cos 3 + sin3 ) – 2z cos 3 = 0 ..........(3)
y0. z0  0 hence homogeneous equation has non-trivial solution
sin3 – cos3 – cos3
D= sin3 –2cos3 –2cos3 =0
sin3 –(cos3  sin3) –2cos3
  sin3cos3(sin 3 – cos3) = 0  sin3= 0 or cos3= 0 or tan3 = 1
Case - I sin3= 0
From equation (2)
z = 0 not possible
Case - II cos3 = 0, sin3 0
t. sin3 = 0 t = 0 x = 0
From equation (2)
y = 0 not possible

Case- III tan3= 1  3 = n+ ,nI
4
n 
 x. y. z sin3= 0   = + ,nI
3 12
 5 9
 x = 0 , sin3 0  = , ,
12 12 12
Hence 3 solutions
Hindi ekuk xyz = t

t sin3 – y cos 3 – z cos3 = 0 ..........(1)
t sin3 – 2y sin 3 – 2z cos3 = 0 ..........(2)
t sin3 – y (cos 3 + sin3 ) – 2z cos 3 = 0 ..........(3)
y0. z0  0 vr% le?kkr lehdj.k ds v'kwU; gy gS
PAGE NO.-3
sin3 – cos3 – cos3

D= sin3 –2cos3 –2cos3 =0
sin3 –(cos3  sin3 ) –2cos3
 sin3cos3(sin 3 – cos3) = 0  sin3= 0 ;k cos3= 0 ;k tan3 = 1
Case - I sin3= 0
lehdj.k (2) ls
z = 0 laHko ugha gS
Case - II cos3 = 0, sin3 0
t. sin3 = 0 t = 0 x = 0
lehdj.k (2) ls
y = 0 laHko ugha gS

Case- III tan3= 1 3 = n+ ,nI
4
n 
 x. y. z sin3= 0   =
+ ,nI
3 12
 5 9
 x = 0 , sin3 0  = , ,
12 12 12
vr% 3 gy
5. Let k be a positive real number and let [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (3, 0), 79]
 2k  1 2 k 2 k   0 2k  1 k 
   
A= 2 k 1 2k  and B = 1  2k 0 2 k  . If det (adj A) + det (adj B) = 106, then
   
 2 k 2k 1    k 2 k 0 

[k] is equal to
(Note : adj M denotes the adjoint of a square matrix M and [k] denotes the largest integer less than or
equal to k].
ekuk fd k ,d /kukRed okLrfod la[;k gS rFkk
 2k  1 2 k 2 k  0 2k  1 k 
   
A= 2 k 1 2k  ,oa B = 1  2k 0 2 k  . ;fn det (adj A) + det (adj B) = 106, rks [k] dk
   
 2 k 2k 1    k 2 k 0 

eku gS
(uksV : adj M fdlh oxZ vkO;wg M dk adjoint rFkk [k], vf/kdre iw.kk±d tks k ls de ;k k ds leku gS] dks iznf'kZr
djrk gSA)
Ans. 4
2k  1 2 k 2 k
Sol. det (A) = 2 k 1 2k C2  C2 – C3
2 k 2k 1
2k  1 0 2 k
= 2 k 1  2k 2k R2  R2 – R3
2 k 2k  1 1
2k  1 0 2 k
= 4 k 0 1 2k = (2k + 1)3
2 k 2k  1 1
PAGE NO.-4
 B is a skew-symmetric matrix of odd order therefore det(B) = 0

Now det (adj A) + det (adj B) = 106
 {(2k + 1)3}2 + 0 = 106  2k + 1 = 10, as k > 0  k = 4.5  [k] = 4
2k  1 2 k 2 k
Hindi det (A) = 2 k 1 2k C2  C2 – C3
2 k 2k 1
2k  1 0 2 k
= 2 k 1  2k 2k R2  R2 – R3
2 k 2k  1 1
2k  1 0 2 k
= 4 k 0 1 2k = (2k + 1)3
2 k 2k  1 1
 B fo"ke Øe dh fo"ke lefer vkO;wg gS blfy, det(B) = 0

vc det (adj A) + det (adj B) = 106
   {(2k + 1)3}2 + 0 = 106  2k + 1 = 10,
D;ksafd k > 0  k = 4.5   [k] = 4
6. Let M and N be two 2n × 2n non-singular skew-symmetric matrices such that MN = NM. If PT denotes
the transpose of P, then M2 N2 (MT N)–1 (MN–1)T is equal to
(A) M2 (B) – N2 (C*) – M2 (D) MN
eku yhft, M vkSj N nks ,sls 2n × 2n O;qRØe.kh; vkSj fo"ke lefer vkO;wg (non-singular skew-symmetric
matrices) gS] tks MN = NM dks larq"V djrs gSA ;fn PT, vkO;wg P ds ifjorZ (transpose) vkO;wg dks iznf'kZr djrk
gS] rks
M N (M N) (MN ) fuEu esa ls fdlds cjkcj gS&
2 2 T –1 –1 T
[IIT -JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
(A) M2 ds (B) – N2 ds (C*) – M2 ds (D) MN ds
Ans. C (In JEE this question was bonus because in JEE instead of 2n × 2n, 3 × 3 was given and we
know that there is no non-singular 3×3 skew symmetric matrix).
Ans. C ( JEE esa ;g ç'u cksul Fkk D;kasfd JEE esa 2n × 2n dh txg 3 × 3 fn;k x;k Fkk ,oa ge tkurs gS fd
3 × 3 Øe dk O;qRØe.kh; vkSj fo"ke lefer vkO;wg (non-singular skew-symmetric matrices) lEHko ugha gS½
Sol. Data inconsistent
A 3 × 3 non-singular matrix cannot be skew-symmetric
However considering M, N matrices as even order, we obtain correct answer.
M2 N2 (MT N)–1 (MN–1)T = M2N2 N–1 (MT)–1 (N–1)T MT  – M2 N2 N–1 M–1 N–1 M
 – M2 NM–1 N–1 M   – MNN–1 M  –M2
Hindi vk¡dM+s vi;kZIr gS
,d 3 × 3 O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg fo"ke lefer vkO;wg ugha gks ldrh gSA
fQj Hkh M vkSj N vkO;wg dks le Øe dh ysus ij ge lgh mÙkj izkIr djrs gSA
M2 N2 (MT N)–1 (MN–1)T = M2N2 N–1 (MT)–1 (N–1)T MT  – M2 N2 N–1 M–1 N–1 M
 – M2 NM–1 N–1 M  – MNN–1 M  – M2
Comprehension (7 to 9)
Let a, b and c be three real numbers satisfying
PAGE NO.-5
1 9 7
[a b c] 8 2 7  = [0 0 0] ...........(E)
7 3 7 
ekuk fd a, b vkSj c ,slh rhu okLrfod la[;k,sa gS tks
1 9 7
[a b c] 8 2 7  = [0 0 0] ...........(E)
7 3 7 
dks larq"V djrh gSaA [IIT -JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]
7. If the point P(a, b, c), with reference to (E), lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 1, then the value of 7a + b + c
is
;fn lehdj.k (E) ds lanHkZ esa] fcUnq P(a, b, c) lery 2x + y + z = 1 ij fLFkr gS] rks 7a + b + c dk eku gS&
(A) 0 (B) 12 (C) 7 (D*) 6
Ans. (D)
8. Let  be a solution of x 3 – 1 = 0 with m () > 0. if a = 2 with b and c satisfying (E), then the value of
3 1 3
+ b + c is equal to
a  
ekuk fd , lehdj.k x3 – 1 = 0 dk gy gS] tgk¡ m () > 0 gSA ;fn a = 2 vkSj laxr la[;k,a b vkSj c lehdj.k
3 1 3
(E) dks larq"V djrh gSa rks a + b + c dk eku gS&
  
(A*) – 2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) – 3
Ans. (A)
9. Let b = 6, with a and c satisfying (E). If  and  are the roots of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
n

 1 1
then     is
n0   
;fn b = 6 vkSj laxr la[;k,sa a vkSj c lehdj.k (E) dks larq"V djrh gksa] vkSj  ,  f}?kkrh; lehdj.k
n

 1 1
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds ewy gSa] rks     dk eku gS&
n0  
6
(A) 6 (B*) 7 (C) (D) 
7
Ans. (B)
Sol. (Q.No. 7 to9)
a + 8b + 7c = 0 ........... (i)
9a + 2b + 3c = 0 ........... (ii)
a+b+c=0 ............. (iii)
1 8 7
= 9 2 3 = 1.(–1) – 8(6) + 7(7) = 0
1 1 1
Let c = 

6 
 a + 8b = –7   a + b = –  b=  & a=
7 7
  6 
 (a, b, c)   , ,   where  R
 7 7 
7. P(a, b, c) lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 1
PAGE NO.-6
2 6 
   = 1  =1  = –7
7 7 7
 7a + b +c = 7 + 6 – 7 = 6
8. a=2    = –14
 b = 12 & c = –14
3 1 3 3 1
Now = a  b  c = 2  12  3.14 3 + 1 + 32 = 3(+2) + 1 = – 2
    
9. b = 6   = –7
a=1 & c=–7
now ax2 + bx + c = 0   x2 + 6x – 7 = 0  x = –7 , 1
n n 2

1 1 
6 6 6 1
     =   7  =1+ +   + .......  =
7 6
=7
n  0   n  0 7
1
7
Hindi (Q.No. 7 to 9)
a + 8b + 7c = 0 ........... (i)
9a + 2b + 3c = 0 ........... (ii)
a+b+c=0 ...........(iii)
1 8 7
= 9 2 3 = 1.(–1) – 8(6) + 7(7) = 0
1 1 1
ekuk C = 
 a + 8b = –7
6 
a + b = –   rFkk a =
b=
7 7
  6 
 (a, b, c)   , ,   tgk¡  R
 7 7 
7. P(a, b, c) lery 2x + y + z = 1 ij fLFkr gSA

2 6 
   = 1  =1  = –7
7 7 7
 7a + b +c = 7 + 6 – 7 = 6
8. a=2    = –14
 b = 12 rFkk c = –14
3 1 3 3 1
vc a  b  c = 2  12  3.14 = 3 + 1 + 32 = 3(+2) + 1 = – 2
    
9. b = 6   = –7  a = 1 rFkk c = – 7
vc ax2 + bx + c = 0  x2 + 6x – 7 = 0  x = –7 , 1
n n 2

1 1 
6 6 6 1
     =   7  =1+ +   + .......  =
7 7 6
=7
n  0   n  0
1
7
1 a b
10. Let   1 be a cube root of unity and S be the set of all non-singular matrices of the form,   1 c 
2  1
where each of a, b and c is either  or 2. Then the number of distinct matrices in the set S is
PAGE NO.-7
1 a b
eku yhft,   1 bdkbZ dk ?kuewy gS vkSj S,   1 c  :i okyh O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wgksa (non-singular
2  1
matrices)
[IIT -JEE 2011, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
dk leqPp; gSA tgk¡ a, b vkSj c esa ls izR;sd ;k rks  gS] ;k 2 rc leqPp; S ds fofHkUu vkO;wgksa dh la[;k fuEu
gksxh&
(A*) 2 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 8
Ans. (A)
Sol. a, b, c  {, 2}
 1 a b
Let A =   1 c   |A| = 1 – (a + c) + ac2
  1
2
Now |A| will be non-zero only when a = c = 

 (a, b, c) (, , ) or (, 2 , )
 number of non singular matrices = 2
Hindi a, b, c  {, 2}
 1 a b
ekuk A =   1 c   |A| = 1 – (a + c) + ac2
  1
2
vc |A| ‘v'kwU; gksxk

dsoy tc a = c = 
 (a, b, c) (, , ) or (, 2 , )
 O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wgksa dh la[ ;k = 2
11. Let M be a 3 × 3 matrix satisfying

0   1 1 1 1 0
M  1 =  2  , M  1 =  1  , and M
      1 =  0  . Then the sum of the diagonal entries of M is
   
0   3   0   1 1 12 
ekuk fd M ,d 3 × 3 vkO;wg gS tks fuEu lehdj.kksa [IIT -JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80]
0  
  1  1  1  
1  0
M  1 =  2  , M  1 =  1  , rFkk M = 1 =  0  . dks larq"V djrk gSA rc M ds fod.kZ ds vo;oksa dk
0   3   0   1 1 12 
;ksx Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 9
 a11 a12 a13 

Sol. Let M =  a 
 21 a22 a23 
 a31 a32 a33 
then a12 = –1, a11 – a12 = 1  a11 = 0, a11 + a12 + a13 = 0  a13 = 1
a22 = 2 , a21 – a22 = 1  a21 = 3, a21 + a22 + a23 = 0  a23 = –5
a32 = 3 , a31 – a32 = –1  a31 = 2, a31 + a32 + a33 = 12  a33 = 7
Hence sum of diagonal of M is = a11 + a22 + a33 = 0 + 2 + 7 = 9
 a11 a12 a13 

Hindi ekuk M =  a a23 
 21 a22
 a31 a32 a33 
rc a12 = –1, a11 – a12 = 1  a11 = 0, a11 + a12 + a13 = 0  a13 = 1
a22 = 2 , a21 – a22 = 1  a21 = 3, a21 + a22 + a23 = 0  a23 = –5
PAGE NO.-8
a32 = 3 , a31 – a32 = –1  a31 = 2, a31 + a32 + a33 = 12  a33 = 7
rc M ds fod.kksZ dk ;ksxQy = a11 + a22 + a33 = 0 + 2 + 7 = 9
12. Let P = [aij] be a 3 × 3 matrix and let Q = [bij], where bij = 2i+jaij for 1  i, j  3. If the determinant of P is 2,
then the determinant of the matrix Q is [IIT -JEE 2012, Paper-1, (3, –1), 70]
ekuk fd P = [aij] ,d 3 × 3 vkO;wg (matrix) gS vkSj Q = [bij], tgk¡ bij = 2i+jaij tc 1  i, j  3 gSA ;fn P ds lkjf.kd
(determinant) dk eku 2 gS rks vkO;wg Q ds lkjf.kd dk eku fuEu gS [IIT -JEE 2012, Paper-1, (3, –1), 70]
(A) 210 (B) 211 (C) 212 (D*) 213
Sol. Ans (D)
Given P = [aij]3×3 bij = 2i+j aij
Q = [bij]3×3
 a11 a12 a13  b11 b12 b13   4a11 8 a12 16 a13 
P = a21 a22 a23  |P| = 2 ; Q = b21 b22 b23  =  8a21 16
 a 22 32 a 23 
a31 a32 a33  b31 b32 b33  16a 31 32 a 32 64 a 33 
4a11 8 a12 16 a13 a11 a12 a13
Determinant of Q = 8a21 16 a22 32 a23 = 4 ×8 × 16 2a21 2 a22 2 a23
16a31 32 a32 64 a33 4a31 4 a32 4 a33
a11 a12 a13
= 4 × 8 × 16 × 2 × 4 a21 a22 a23 = 22 . 23 . 24 . 21 . 22 . 21 = 213
a31 a32 a33
Hindi. Ans (D)

fn;k x;k gS P = [aij]3×3 bij = 2i+j aij
Q = [bij]3×3
 a11 a12 a13  b11 b12 b13   4a11 8 a12 16 a13 
P = a21 a22 a23  |P| = 2 ; Q = b21 b22  
b23  =  8a21 16 a22 32 a23 
a31 a32 a33  b31 b32 b33  16a31 32 a32 64 a33 
4a11 8 a12 16 a13 a11 a12 a13
Q dk lkjf.kd = 8a21 16 a22 32 a23 = 4 ×8 × 16 2a21 2 a22 2 a23
16a31 32 a32 64 a33 4a31 4 a32 4 a33
a11 a12 a13
= 4 × 8 × 16 × 2 × 4 a21 a22 a23 = 22 . 23 . 24 . 21 . 22 . 21 = 213
a31 a32 a33
13. If P is a 3 × 3 matrix such that PT = 2P + I, where PT is the transpose of P and I is the 3 × 3 identity
x 0 
matrix, then there exists a column matrix X =  y   0  such that
  [IIT -JEE 2012, Paper-2, (3,
 z  0 
–1), 66]
,d 3 × 3 vkO;wg (matrix) P bl izdkj dk gS fd PT = 2P + I, tgk¡ PT vkO;wg P dk ifjorZ vkO;wg (transpose)
vkSj
x 0 
I 3 × 3 dk rRled vkO;wg gSA rc ,d LrEHk vkO;wg (column matrix) X =  y   0 
  dk vfLrRo bl izdkj gS
 z  0 
fd
PAGE NO.-9
0 
(A) PX = 0  (B) PX = X (C) PX = 2X (D*) PX = – X
0 
Sol. Ans. (D)
PT = 2P + I   (PT)T = (2P + I)T   P = 2PT + I
 P = 2(2P + I) + I 3P = – 3I   P=–I
 PX = – IX = – X
Hindi. PT = 2P + I  (PT)T = (2P + I)T   P = 2PT + I
 P = 2(2P + I) + I 3P = – 3I   P=–I
 PX = – IX = – X
1 4 4
14*. If the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix P is 2 1 7  , then the possible value(s) of the determinant of P is
 1 1 3 
(are)
[IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (4, 0), 66]
1 4 4
;fn 3 × 3 vkO;wg (matrix) P dk lg[kaMt (adjoint) 2 1 7  gS rks P ds lkjf.kd (determinant) dk (ds)
 1 1 3 
lEHkkfor eku gS (gSa) [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (4, 0), 66]
(A*) –2 (B) –1 (C) 1 (D*) 2
Sol. Ans. (AD)
1 4 4
Let A = [aij]3×3 ; adj A = 2 1 7 
 1 1 3 
|adj A| = 1(3 – 7) – 4(6 – 7) + 4(2 – 1) = 4
 |A|3–1 = 4  |A|2 = 4  |A| = ±2
1 4 4
Hindi. ekuk A = [aij]3×3 ; adj A = 2 1 7 
 1 1 3 
|adj A| = 1(3 – 7) – 4(6 – 7) + 4(2 – 1) = 4
 |A|3–1 = 4  |A|2 = 4  |A| = ± 2
15.* For 3×3 matrices M and N, which of the following statement(s) is (are) NOT correct ?
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]
(A) NT M N is symmetric or skew symmetric, according as M is symmetric or skew symmetric
(B) M N – N M is skew symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N
(C*) M N is symetric for all symmetric matrices M and N
(D*) (adj M) (adj N) = adj(MN) for all invertible matrices M and N
3×3 vkO;wgksa M rFkk N ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSu çdFku lR; ugha gSa ¼gSa½ \
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]
(A) M ds lefer ;k fo"ke&lefer gksus ds vuqlkj NT M N lefer ;k fo"ke&lefer gSA
(B) lHkh lefer vkO;wgksa M rFkk N ds fy, MN – NM fo"ke &lefer gSSA
(C*) lHkh lefer vkO;wgksa M rFkk N ds fy, MN lefer gSA
(D*) lHkh O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wgksa M rFkk N ds fy, (adj M) (adj N) = adj(MN)
Sol. (C,D)
(A) (NTMN)T = NT MT N is symmetric if M is symmetric and skew-symmetric if M is skew-symmetric.
(B) (MN – NM)T = (MN)T – (NM)T = NM – MN = – (MN – NM)
skew symmetric
(C) (MN)T = NT MT = NM  MN hence NOT correct
PAGE NO.-10
(D) standard result is
adj(MN) = (adjN) (adj M)]  (adjM) (adjN)
Hindi. (C,D)
(A) (NTMN)T = NT MT N lefer gS ;fn M lefer gS vkSj fo"ke lefer gS ;fn M fo"ke lefer gSA
(B) (MN – NM)T = (MN)T – (NM)T = NM – MN = – (MN – NM)
fo"ke lefer
(C) (MN) T
= N M = NM MN vr% lgh ugh gS
T T
(D) ekud ifj.kke

adj(MN) = (adjN) (adj M)]  (adjM) (adjN)
16*. Let M be a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix with integer entries. Then M is inv ertible if
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
(A) the first column of M is the transpose of the second row of M
(B) the second row of M is the transpose of first column of M
(C*) M is a diagonal matrix with nonzero entries in the main diagonal
(D*) the product of entries in the main diagonal of M is not the square of an integer
ekuk fd 2 × 2 lefer vkO;w g (symmetric matrix) M ds lHkh vo;o (elements) iw . kkZ a d (integer)
gS a A rc M O;q R Øe.kh; (invertible) gS ] ;fn
(A) M dk igyk LrEHk M dh nw l jh ifa D r dk ifjorZ (transpose) gS A

(B) M dh nw l jh ia f Dr M ds igys LrEHk dk ifjorZ gS A
(C*) M ,d fod.kZ vkO;w g (diagonal matrix) gS ftlds eq [ ; fod.kZ (main diagonal) ds vo;o
'kw U ;rj (non-zero) gS a
(D*) M ds eq [ ; fod.kZ (main diagonal) ds vo;oks a dk xq . kuQy fdlh Hkh iw . kkZ a d dk oxZ ugha gS A
Ans. (CD)
a b 
Sol. M=  
b c 
a 
(A)   & [b c] are transpose.
b 
a  b 
So   =   is given  a=b=c
 
b c 
a a 
M=     |M|=0 A is wrong.
a a 
a 
(B) [b c] &   are transpose.
b 
So a = b = c B is wrong
a 0 
(C) M=     | M | = ac  0 C is correct
0 c 
a b 
(D) M=   given ac   . D is correct
2
 b c 
(C, D) are correct.
a b 
Hindi. M =  
b c 
a 
(A)   rFkk [b c] ifjorZ vkO;wg
b 
a  b 
  =   = fn;k gS  a=b=c
b  c 
PAGE NO.-11
a a 
M=    |M|=0 A xyr gS
a a 
a 
(B) [b c] &   ifjorZ vkO;wg
b 
a=b=c B xyr gS
a 0 
(C) M=    | M | = ac  0 C lgh gS
0 c 
a b 
(D) M=   given ac   D lgh gS
2
 b c 
(C, D) lgh gSA
17*. Let M and N be two 3 × 3 matrices such that MN = NM. Further, if M  N 2 and M 2 = N 4 ,
then [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
(A*) determinant of (M 2 + MN 2 ) is 0
(B*) there is a 3 × 3 non-zero matrix U such that (M 2 + MN 2 )U is the zero matrix
(C) determinant of (M 2 + MN 2 )  1
(D) f or a 3 × 3 matrix U, if (M 2 + MN 2 )U equals the zero matrix then U is the zero matrix
ekuk fd nks 3 × 3 vkO;wg (matrices) M rFkk N bl çdkj gS fd MN = NM gSA ;fn M  N 2 rFkk M 2 = N 4
gks] rks
(A*) (M 2 + MN 2 ) ds lkjf.kd (determinant) dk eku 'kwU; gSA
(B*) ,d ,slk 3 × 3 'kwU;srj (non-zero) vkO;wg U gS ftlds fy;s (M 2 + MN 2 )U 'kwU; vkO;wg gSA
(C) (M 2 + MN 2 ) ds lkjf.kd eku  1 gSA
(D) 3 × 3 vkO;wg U ftlds fy;s (M 2 + MN 2 )U 'kwU; vkO;wg gS rks U Hkh ,d 'kwU; vkO;wg gksxkA
Ans. (AB)
Sol. MN = NM & M2 – N4 = 0
(M – N )(M + N ) = 0
2 2
M–N =0
2
Not Possible
In any case |M + N2| = 0
(A) |M2 + MN2| = |M| |M + N2|

=0
(A) is correct
(B) If |A| = 0 then AU = 0 will have  solution.

Thus (M2 + MN2) U = 0 will have many 'U'
(B) is correct
(C) Obvious wrong.
(D) If AX = 0 & |A| = 0 then X can be non zero.

(D) is wrong
Hindi. MN = NM rFkk M2 – N4 = 0
(M – N )(M + N ) = 0
2 2
M–N =0
2
Not Possible
In any case |M + N2| = 0
(A) |M2 + MN2| = |M| |M + N2|

=0
(A) lgh gS
PAGE NO.-12
(B) ;fn |A| = 0 rc AU = 0 vuUr gy j[ksxk

vr% (M2 + MN2) U = 0 blizdkj ds vuUr 'U' gkasxsa
(B) lgh gS
(C) Li"Vr% xyr gSA
(D) ;fn AX = 0 vkSj |A| = 0 rc X v'kwU; gks ldrk gSA
(D) xyr gSA
18*. Let X and Y be t wo arbitrary, 3 × 3, non -zero, skew-symmetric matrices and Z be an

arbitrary 3 × 3, non-zero, symmetric matrix. Then wh ich of the f ollowing matrices is (are)
skew symmetric ?
ekuk fd X ,oa Y nks LosPN (arbitrary), 3 × 3, 'kwU;srj (non-zero) fo"ke lefer (skew-symmetric)
vkO;wg (Matrix) gS vkSj Z ,d LosPN, 3 × 3, 'kwU;srj] lefer (symmetric) vkO;wg gSA rc fuEufyf[kr esa ls
dkSulk ( ls) fo"ke lefer vkO;wg gS ( gSa) ? [JEE (Advanced) 2015, Paper-1 (4, –2)/88]
(A) Y Z – Z Y
3 4 4 3
(B) X + Y
44 44
(C*) X 4 Z 3 – Z 3 X 4 (D*) X 2 3 + Y 2 3
Ans. (C,D)
Sol. (C) (x4 Z3 – Z3 X4)T = (X4Z3)T (Z3 X4)T
= (ZT)3(XT)4 – (XT)4(ZT)3
= Z3X4 – X4Z3
= –(X4Z3 – Z3X4)
(D) (X + Y ) = –X23 – Y23
23 23 T
 X23 + Y23 is skew–symmetric fo"ke lfEer gS
(1   )2 (1  2 )2 (1  3 )2
19*. W hich of the f ollowing v alues of  satisf y the equation (2   )2 (2  2 )2 ( 2  3 ) 2 = –
(3   ) 2 (3  2 )2 ( 3  3 ) 2
648 ?
(1   )2 (1  2 )2 (1  3 )2
 ds fuEufyf[kr ekuksa esa dkSu lk ( ls) eku lehdj.k (2   )2 (2  2 )2 (2  3 )2 = – 648 dks larq"V
(3   )2 (3  2 )2 (3  3 )2
djrk ( djrsa) gS ( gSA) ? [JEE (Advanced) 2015, Paper-1 (4, –2)/88]
(A) – 4 (B*) 9 (C*) – 9 (D) 4
Ans. (B,C)
Sol. R3  R3 – R2, R2 R2 – R1
(1   )2 (1  2)2 (1  3)2
3  2 3  4 3  6 = – 648
5  2 5  4 5  6
R3 R3 – R2
(1   )2 (1  2)2 (1  3)2
3  2 3  4 3  6 = – 648
2 2 2
C3  C3 – C2, C2 C2 – C1
(1   )2 (2  3) (2  5)
3  2 2 2 = – 648
2 0 0
 22(2+ 3) – 22(2+ 5) = – 324
 –43 = –324   = 0, ± 9
PAGE NO.-13
3  1  2
20. Let P = 2 0 
  , where R. Suppose Q = [qij] is a matrix such that PQ = k , where k  R, k  0
3  5 0 
k k2
and  is the identity matrix of order 3. If q23 = – and det (Q) = , then
8 2
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1 (4, –2)/62]
3  1  2
ekuk fd P = 2 0

  , tgk¡ R gSA eku yhft, fd Q = [qij] ,d ,slk vkO;wg (matrix) gS fd PQ = k ,
3  5 0 
k
tgk¡ k  R, k  0 vkSj  rhu dksfV (order 3) dk rRled vkO;wg (identity matrix) gSA ;fn q23 = – vkSj det
8
k2
(Q) = gks , rc
2
(A)  = 0, k = 8 (B) 4 – k + 8 = 0 (C) det (P adj (Q)) = 29 (D) det (Q adj (P)) = 213
Ans. (B,C)
Sol. As pwafd PQ = k  Q = kP–1
    1 0 0
k
(adjP)  
k    
now vc Q = Q=   ( 3  4) 0 1 0 
|P| (20  12) 
     0 0 1
k k k
 q23 =  (–3 – 4) =  2(3 + 4) = 5 + 3
8 (20  12) 8
3 = – 3   = –1
k3 |  | k2 k3
also vkSj Hkh |Q| =  
|P| 2 (20  12)
(20 + 12) = 2k  8 = 2k  k=4

(A) incorrect xyr
(B) correct lgh
(C) |P(adjQ)| = |P| |adjQ| = P| |Q|2 = 22(23)2 = 29 correct lgh
(D) |Q(adjP)| = |Q| |adjP| = |Q| |P|2 = 23(23)2 = 29 incorrect xyr
x x2 1  x3
21. The total number of distinct x  R for which 2x 4x 2 1  8x 3 = 10 is
3x 9x 2
1  27x 3
PAGE NO.-14
x x2 1  x3
,sls lHkh fHkUu (distinct) x  R ftuds fy, 2x 4x 2 1  8x 3 = 10 gS] dh dqy la[;k gS&
3x 9x 2 1  27x 3
Ans. 2 [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1 (3, 0)/62]
1 1 1  x3
Sol. x.x2 0 2 6x3  1  10  x3(12x3 + 2) = 10
0 6 24x 3  2
6x6 + x3 – 5 = 0  6x6 + 6x3 – 5x3 – 5 = 0

5
(6x3 – 5)(x3 + 1) = 0  x3 = –1, x3 =
6
1/ 3
5
x = –1, x =   so two solutions vr% nks gy = 2
6
 1 0 0
22.
 
Let P = 4 1 0 and  be the identity matrix of order 3. If Q = [qij] is a matrix such that P50 – Q= ,
 
16 4 1
q31  q32
then equals [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-2 (3, –1)/62]
q21
 1 0 0
ekuk fd P =  4 1 0 vkSj  rhu dksfV (order 3) dk rRled vkO;wg (identity matrix) gSA ;fn Q = [qij]
16 4 1
q31  q32
,d vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd P50 – Q = gS, rc dk eku gS&
q21
(A) 52 (B) 103 (C) 201 (D) 205
Ans. (B)
 1 0 0  1 0 0  1 0 0
Sol. P =  4 1 0   2 
P =  8 1 0  
3
,P =  12 1 0 
16 4 1 16(1  2) 8 1  16(1  2  3) 12 1 
 1 0 0  1 0 0

P50 =  4  50 1 0  P50 =  200 1 0   P50 – Q = 
2
16(1  2  ...  50) 4 50 1  20400 200 1 
 1 0 0   q11 q12 q13   1 0 0

   200 1 0  – q21 q22 q23  = 0 1 0  200 – q21 = 0  q21 = 200
20400 200 1  q31 q32 q33  0 0 1
20400 – q31 = 0  q31 = 20400 and vkSj 200 – q32 = 0  q32 = 200
q31  q32 20400  200
 = = 103
q21 200
PAGE NO.-15
23. Let a, ,  R. Consider the system of linear equations

ax + 2y = 
   3x – 2y =     [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-2 (4, –2)/62]
 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct ?
(A) if a = – 3, then the system has infinitely many solutions for all values of  and 
(B) If a  –3, then the system has a a unique solution for all values of  and 
(C) If  +  = 0, the the system has infinitely many solutions for a = –3
(D) If  + 0, then the system has no solution for a = –3
Ekkuk fd a, ,  R gSaA bu jSf[kd lehdj.kksa ds fudk; (system of linear equations) ij fopkj dhft,
ax + 2y = 
   3x – 2y = 
 fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk ¼ls½ dFku lgh gS ¼gSa½ ?
(A) ;fn a = – 3, rc rFkk ds lHkh ekuksa ds fy, fudk; ds vuUr (infinitely many) gy gSaA
(B) ;fn a  –3, rc rFkk  ds lHkh ekuksa ds fy, fudk; dk vf}rh; (unique) gy gSaA
(C) ;fn  +  = 0, rc a = –3 ds fy, fudk; ds vuUr gy gSaA
(D) ;fn  + 0, rc a = –3 ds fy, fudk; dk dksbZ gy ugha gSaA
Ans. (B,C,D)
Sol. ax + 2y = 
3x – 2y = 
(A) a = – 3 gives fn;k x;k gS
 = –
or ;k +=0 not for all , (lHkh ,ds fy, ugha gS
a 2
(B) a  –3   0 where tgk¡  = = –2a – 6
3 2
 (B) is correct lgh gS
(C) correct lgh
(D) if ;fn  0
 –3x + 2y =  ........(1)
& rFkk 3x – 2y =  ........(2)
inconsistent vlaxr  (D) correct lgh
24. Which of the following is(are) NOT the square of a 3 × 3 matrix with real entries?
[JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-1,(4, –2)/61]
fuEu esa ls dkSulk¼ls½ okLrfod la[;kvksa ds 3 × 3 vkO;wg (matrix) dk oxZ (square) ugha gS¼gSa½?
1 0 0  1 0 0   1 0 0  1 0 0
(A) 0 1 0  (B) 0 1 0  (C)  0 1 0  (D) 0 1 0 
0 0 1 0 0 1  0 0 1 0 0 1
PAGE NO.-16
Ans. (A,C)
Sol. A = B2  |A| = |B|2 = +ve
1 0 0
(A) 0 1 0 = 1(–1) = negative ¼_.kkRed½
0 0 –1
Matrix B can not be possible ¼vkO;wg B lEHko ugha gSa½
1 0 0
(B) 0 –1 0 = 1 (1–0) = positive ¼/kukRed½
0 0 –1
Matrix B can be possible ¼vkO;wg B lEHko gSa½
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Ex. 0 1 –1 0 1 –1 = 0 –1 0
0 2 –1 0 2 –1 0 0 –1
–1 0 0
(C) 0 –1 0 = – 1 = negative ¼_.kkRed½
0 0 –1
Matrix B can not be possible ¼vkO;wg B lEHko ugha gSa½
1 0 0
(D) 0 1 0 = 1 = positive ¼/kukRed½
0 0 1
Matrix B can be  ¼vkO;wg B,  lEHko gSa½
25. For a real number , if the system [JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-1,(3, 0)/61]
1
 2   x   1 
 
1    y  =  1

2
 1   z   1 

of linear equations, has infinitely many solutions, then 1 +  + 2 =
okLrfod la[;k (real number) ds fy,, ;fn jSf[kd lehdj.k fudk; (system of linear equations)
1  2   x  1
 
 1    y  =  1
 
2  1   z   1 

ds vuUr gy (infinitely many solutions) gSa] rc 1 +  + 2 =
Ans. (1)
Sol. D=0
1  2
 1  0
 2
 1
(1    2 ) (2  1) ( 2    1)
 1  0
 2
 1
PAGE NO.-17
(1    2 ) (2  1) 0
 1 0  0 (1 – 2)(1 +  + 2 – 22 – ) = 0 (1 – 2) = 0
2  1  2
 = –1 or 1
for  = 1, system of linear equations has no solution
 = 1 ds fy, ljy js[kk fudk; dk dksbZ gy ugha gSA
  so vr% 1 +  + 2 = 1
26. How many 3 × 3 matrices M with entries from {0, 1, 2} are there, for which the sum of the diagonal
entries of MT M is 5 ? [JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-2,(3, –1)/61]
,sls fdrus 3 × 3 vkO;wg M gSa ftudh izfof"V;k¡ (entries) {0, 1, 2} esa gSa ,oe~ MT M dh fod.khZ; izfof"V;ksa
(diagonal elements) dk ;ksx 5 gS?
(A) 198 (B) 162 (C) 126 (D) 135 
Ans. (A)
a b c  a d g
Sol.  d e f  b e h 
   
 g h i  c f i 
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 + f 2 + g2 + h2 + i2 = 5
Case fLFkfr -I : Five ik¡p (1's) and four vkSj pkj (0's)
9
C5 = 126
Case- fLFkfr II : One ,d (2) and one vkSj ,d (1)
9
C2 × 2! = 72  Total dqy = 198
 b1 
27. Let S be the set of all column matrices b 2  such that b1, b2, b2  R and the system of equation (in real
b3 
variables)
– x + 2y + 5z = b1
2x – 4y + 3z = b2
x – 2y + 2z = b3
has at least one solution. Then, which of the following system(s) (in real variables) has (have) at least
 b1 
one solution for each b 2   S ? [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-2,(4, –2)/60]
b3 
(A) x + 2y + 3z = b1, 4y + 5z = b2 and x + 2y + 6z = b3
(B) x + y + 3z = b1, 5x + 2y + 6z = b2 and – 2x – y – 3z = b3
(C) – x + 2y – 5z = b1, 2x – 4y + 10z = b2 and x – 2y + 5z = b3
(D) x + 2y + 5z = b1, 2x + 3z = b2 and x + 4y – 5z = b3
 b1 
ekuk fd S mu lHkh LrEHk vkO;wgks (column matrices) b2  dk leqPp; (set) gS ftuds fy, b1, b2, b2  R vkSj
b3 
okLrfod pjksa (real variables) okysa lehdj.k fudk; (system of equations)
– x + 2y + 5z = b1
2x – 4y + 3z = b2
x – 2y + 2z = b3
PAGE NO.-18
dk de ls de ,d gy (solution) gSA rc fuEufyf[kr okLrfod pjksa okys fudk;ksa esa ls fdl (dkSu ls) fudk;
 b1 
(fudk;ksa) dk Hkh izR;sd b 2   S ds fy, de ls de ,d gy gS ?
b3 
(A) x + 2y + 3z = b1, 4y + 5z = b2 vkSj x + 2y + 6z = b3
(B) x + y + 3z = b1, 5x + 2y + 6z = b2 vkSj – 2x – y – 3z = b3
(C) – x + 2y – 5z = b1, 2x – 4y + 10z = b2 vkSj x – 2y + 5z = b3
(D) x + 2y + 5z = b1, 2x + 3z = b2 vkSj x + 4y – 5z = b3
Ans. (AD)
Sol.  = 0 so for at least one solutions 1 = 2 = 3 = 0  b1 + 7b2 = 13b3 ..........(1)
 = 0 blfy, de ls de ,d gy ds fy, 1 = 2 = 3 = 0  b1 + 7b2 = 13b3 ..........(1)
option (A)  0  unique solution  option (A) is correct
fodYi (A) ds fy,  0  vf}rh; gy  fodYi (A) lgh gSA
option (D)  0  unique solution  option (D) is correct
fodYi (D) ds fy,  0  vf}rh; gy  fodYi (D) lgh gSA
option (C)  0  equations arex – 2y + 5z = –b1
fodYi (C) ds fy,  0  lehdj.k x – 2y + 5z = –b1
b
x – 2y + 5z = 2
2
x – 2y + 5z = b2
There planes are parallel so they must be coincident
rhuksa lery lekUrj gS blfy, os leikrh gksxsA
b2
–b1 = = b3
2
All b1, b2, b3 obtained from equation (1) may not satisfy this relation so option (C) is wrong.
lehdj.k (1) ls izkIr lHkh b1, b2, b3 bl lehdj.k dks larq"V ugha djrs gSA vr% fodYi (C) xyr gSA
1 1 1
option fodYi (B) ds fy,  = 5 2 2 = 0. Also rFkk 1 = 0
2 1 1
For infinite solutions, 2 and 3 must be 0
vuUr gy ds fy, 2 vkSj 3 ] 0 gksxkA
1 b1 1
 5 b2 2 = 0  –b1 – b2 + 3b3 = 0 which does not satisfy (1) for all b1, b2, b3 so option(B)
2 b3 1
wrong
1 b1 1
 5 b2 2 = 0  –b1 – b2 + 3b3 = 0 tks fd lehdj.k (1) dks larq"V ugha djrk gS lHkh b1, b2, b3 blfy,
2 b3 1
fodYi (B) xyr gSA
28. Let P be a matrix of order 3 × 3 such that all the entries in P are from the set {–1, 0, 1}. Then, the
maximum possible value of the determinant of P is _____ . [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-2,(3, 0)/60]
ekuk fd P, 3 × 3 dksfV (order) dk ,d ,slk vkO;wg (matrix) gS fd P dh lHkh izfof'k"V;kW leqPp; (set) {–1, 0, 1}
esa ls gSA P ds lkjf.kd (determinant) dk vf/kdre~ laHkkfor eku (maximum possible value) gS _____A
Ans. (4)
PAGE NO.-19
a1 a2 a3
Sol. det (P) = b1 b2 b3 = a1 (b2c3 – b3c2) – a2(b1c3 – b3c1) + a3(b1c2 – b2c1)  6
c1 c 2 c3
value can be 6 only if a1 = 1, a2 = –1, a3 = 1, b2c3 = b1c3 = b1c2 = 1, b3c2 = b3c1 = b2c1 = – 1
eku dsoy 6 gks ldrs gS ;fn a1 = 1, a2 = –1, a3 = 1, b2c3 = b1c3 = b1c2 = 1, b3c2 = b3c1 = b2c1 = – 1
 (b2c3) (b3c1) (b1c2) = – 1 & vkSj (b1c3)(b3c2) (b2c1) = 1
i.e. b1b2b3c1c2c3 = 1 and vkSj – 1
hence not possible vr% laHko ugha
Similar contradiction occurs when a1 = 1, a2 = 1, a3 = 1, b2c2 = b3c1 = b1c2 = 1 b3c2 = b1c3 = b1c2 = – 1
blh izdkj fojks/kkHkkl vkrk gS tc a1 = 1, a2 = 1, a3 = 1, b2c2 = b3c1 = b1c2 = 1 b3c2 = b1c3 = b1c2 = – 1
Now for value to be 5 one the terms must be zero but that will make 2 terms zero which means answer
cannot be 5
vc 5 ds fy, ,d in vo'; 'kwU; gksxk ijUrq ;gk¡ 2 in 'kwU; curs gS vr% 5 mÙkj ugha gks ldrk
1 0 1
Now 1 1 1 = 4 Hence max value = 4
1 1 1
1 0 1
vc 1 1 1 = 4 vr% vf/kdre eku = 4
1 1 1
 sin 4   1  sin 2  1
29. Let M =     I  M [Matrices & Determinants] [T]
1  cos  cos  
2 4
Where    () and    () are real numbers and  is the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
If * = is the minimum of the set {a () :   [0, 2]} and {[MT-AI]-T-305}

* = is the minimum of the set {() :   [0, 2)} [JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-1,(4, –1)/62]
Then the value of * + * is
  1  sin 2 
ekuk fd M =  sin 2
4
1
   I  M
1  cos  cos4  
tgk¡    () vkSj    () okLrfod (real) la[;k,¡ gS] vkSj  ,d 2 × 2 rRled-vkO;wg (2 × 2 identity
matrix) gSA ;fn
leqPp; {a () :   [0, 2]} dk fuEure (minimum) * gS vkSj

leqPp; {() :   [0, 2)} dk fuEure (minimum) * gS]
rks * + * dk eku gS -
37 29 31 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 16 16 16
Ans. (B)
Sol. m = sin4 . cos4 + (1 + sin2)(1 + cos2)
2 + sin4cos4 + sin2cos2
PAGE NO.-20
 sin 4   (1  sin 2 )  0  1  cos4  1  sin 2 

  =   +  =  
1  cos  cos4   0  | m |  1  cos2  sin 4  
2
 
sin4 = cos 4  , –1 –sin2 = (1 + sin2)
|m| |m|
 = –|m|
37
 = – [sin4cos4 + sin2cos2 + 2] = –[t2 + t + 2]  min = –
16
1 1
 = sin4cos4 = 1 – 2sin2cos2 = 1 – (sin22)  min =
2 2
37 1 37 8 29
+=– + =– + =–
16 2 16 16 16
0 1 a  – 1 1 – 1
30. Let M =  1 2 3 and adj M =  8 –6 2 
  {Matrices Determinant[MT-AI]-M-305}
3 b 1  – 5 3 – 1
where a and b are real numbers. Which of the following options is/are correct ?
(A) det(adj M2) = 81 (B) a + b = 3
  1
(C) If M    =  2 , then  –  +  = 3
  (D) (adj M)–1 + adj M–1 = – M
   3 
[JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-1,(4, –1)/62]

0 1 a –1 1 – 1
ekuk fd M =  1 2 3 vkSj adj M =  8 – 6 2 
3 b 1  – 5 3 – 1
tgk¡ a vkSj b okLrfod la[;k,¡ (real numbers) gSA fuEu esa ls dkSu lk (ls) fodYi lgh gS (gS) ?
(A) det(adj M2) = 81 (B) a + b = 3
  1
(C) ;fn M    =  2 , rc –  +  = 3
  (D) (adj M)–1 + adj M–1 = – M
   3 
Ans. (BCD)
0 1 a   1 1  1
Sol. M =  1 2 3 and vkSj adj M = 
 8 6 2 

3 b 1  5 3  1
(adjM)11 = 2 – 3b, (adjM)22 = –3a

2 – 3b = – 1
b = 1 & –3a = –6  a = 2
|adjM| = –1(6 – 6) – 1(–8 + 10) – 1(24 – 30) = 4
det {adj(M2)} = |det(adjM)|2 = 16
PAGE NO.-21
0 1 2    1
Now vc  1 2 3    = 2  + 2 = 1,  + 2 + 3 = 2, 3 +  + = 3
   
3 1 1    3 
On solving  = 1,  = –1,  = 1 so  –  +  = 3
2adj(adjM) 1
Now (adj M)–1 + (adj M)–1 = 2(adj M)–1 = = |M|3–2M = –M
| adj M | 2
31. Let x  R and let

 1 1 1 2 x x 
P = 0 2 2 , Q = 0 4 0  and R = PQP–1 .
 
0 0 3  x x 6
Then which of the following is/are correct
(A) there exists a real number x such that PQ= QP

2 x x 
(B) det R = det 0 4 0 + 8 for all x  R [Matrices & Determinants_T] {[MT-AI]-E-305}
 x x 5
  0
(C) For x = 1 there exists a unit vector  î   ĵ  k̂ for which are R    0
   0
1  1 
(D) For x = 0 if R a  = 6 a  then a + b = 5
b  b 
[JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-2 ,(4, –1)/62]
ekuk fd x  R vkSj ekukfd

 1 1 1 2 x x
P = 0 2 2 , Q = 0 4 
0  rFkk R = PQP–1 rks fuEu esa ls dkSu lk ¼ls½ fodYi lgh gS ¼gSa½&
0 0 3  x x 6
(A) ,d ,slh okLrfod la[;k x lEHko gS ftlds fy, PQ= QP
2 x x
(B) lHkh x R ds fy, det R = det 0 
4 0 + 8
 x x 5
  0
(C) x = 1 ds fy,] ,d bdkbZ lfn'k  î   ĵ  k̂ lEHko gS] ftlds fy, R    0
   0
1  1 
   
(D) x = 0 ds fy, ;fn R a  = 6 a  , rks a + b = 5
b  b 
Ans. (BD)
Sol. det R = det P × det Q × det (P–1)
 det R = det Q = 4(12 – x2) = 48 – 4x2
PAGE NO.-22
2 x x
Now 0 4 0 = 4(10 – x2) = 40 – 4x2
x x 5
2 x x
 
 det R = det  0 4 0  + 8  x  R
 x x 5
 
At x = 1, det Q = 48 – 4 = 44 = det R
Because det R  0 so
  0 
R    = 0 
   ===0
   0 
So  î   ĵ  k̂ is not a unit vector

 1 1 1 2 0 0 
P = 0 2 2 , Q(x = 0) = 
0 4 0 

0 0 3 0 0 6
R = P Q P–1
2 4 6  6  3 0  12 6 4 
= 0 8 12
1   1  
0 3  2 = 0 24 8 
6  6 
0 0 18 0 0 2   0 0 36
2 1 2 / 3 
R = 0 4 4 / 3
0 0 6 
 1  4 1 2 / 3   1 
   
(R – 6I)  a  =  0  2 4 / 3  a 
b  0 0 0   b 
 
2b
–4 + a + =0
3
4
–2a + b = 0
3
8
–8 + =0  b=3
3
a=2
PQ = QP  a12 for both are same
 x + 4 + x = 2 + 2x + 0  x   No value exist
Hindi. det R = det P × det Q × det (P–1)
 det R = det Q = 4(12 – x2) = 48 – 4x2
2 x x
vc 0 4 0 = 4(10 – x2) = 40 – 4x2
x x 5
2 x x
 
 det R = det  0 4 0  + 8  x  R
 x x 5
 
At x = 1 ij, det Q = 48 – 4 = 44 = det R
D;ksafd det R  0 blfy,
  0 
   
R    = 0   ===0
   0 
PAGE NO.-23
blfy,  î   ĵ  k̂ ,d bdkbZ lfn'k ugh gSA

 1 1 1 2 0 0 
P = 0 2 2 , Q(x = 0) = 
0 4 0 

0 0 3 0 0 6
R = P Q P–1
2 4 6  6  3 0  12 6 4 
  1   = 1  
= 0 8 12 0 3  2 0 24 8 
6  6 
0 0 18 0 0 2   0 0 36
2 1 2 / 3 
R = 0 4 4 / 3
0 0 6 
 1  4 1 2 / 3   1 
   
(R – 6I)  a  =  0  2 4 / 3  a 
b  0 0 0   b 
 
2b
–4 + a + =0
3
4
–2a + b = 0
3
8
–8 + =0  b=3
3
a=2
PQ = QP  a12 nksuksa ds fy;s leku gSA
 x + 4 + x = 2 + 2x + 0  x   dksbZ eku fo|eku ugha
 1 0 0  1 0 0 0 1 0
32. Let P1 =  = 0 1 0 , P2 = 0 0 1 , P3 =  1 0 0 ,
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
P4 = 0 0 1 , P5 =  1 0 0 , P6 = 0 1 0 ,
 1 0 0 0 1 0  1 0 0
6 2 1 3 
and X =  Pk  1 0 2 PkT.
k 1 3 2 1
T
Where Pk denotes the transpose of matrix Pk. Then which of the following options is/are correct ?
[Matrices & Determinants_T] {[MT-AI]-T-305}
(A) X is a symmetric matrix
(B) The sum of diagonal entries of X is 18.
1 1
(C) If X 1 =  1 , then = 30

1 1
(D) X – 30 is an invertible matrix
ekuk fd
 1 0 0  1 0 0 0 1 0
P1 =  = 0 1 0 , P2 = 0 0 1 , P3 =  1 0 0 ,
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
PAGE NO.-24
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
P4 = 0 0 1 , P5 =  1 0 0 , P6 = 0 1 0 ,
 1 0 0 0 1 0  1 0 0
6 2 1 3 
vkSj X=  Pk  1 0 2 PkT
k 1 3 2 1
tgk¡ vkO;wg (matrix) Pk ds ifjorZ (transpose) dks PkT ls n'kkZ;k x;k gSA rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk ¼ls½ fodYi lgh gS ¼gSa½ &
(A) X ,d lefer vkO;wg gSA
(B) X ds fod.kksZ ds vo;oksa dk ;ksx 18 gksxkA
1 1
(C) ;fn X 1 =  1 , rks = 30
1 1
(D) X – 30 ,d O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg gksxkA

Ans. (ABC)
Sol. Clearly Li"Vr;k P1  P1T  P11
P2  P2T  P21
.
.
.
P6  P6T  P61
2 1 3 
and vkSj A = A, where tgka A =  1 0 2
T
3 2 1
Using formula lw=k ls (A + B)T = AT + BT

XT = P1AP1T  .....  P6 AP6T 
T
= P1A TP1T  .....  P6 A TP6T = X  X is symmetric. lefer gSA
1
Let ekuk B = 1
1
XB = P1AP1TB  P2 AP2TB  ....  P6 AP6TB = P1AB + PAB+ ……+P6AB
6 
XB = (P1 + P2 + …..+P6) 3 
6 
6  2  3  2  6  2 30
= 6  2  3  2  6  2  30  30B   = 30
6  2  3  2  6  2 30
1 1
since D;ksafd X 1 = 30 1

1 1
1
 (X – 30)B = 0 has a non trivial solution B = 1
1
 |X – 30| = 0
X = P1AP1T  ......  P6 AP6T
PAGE NO.-25

trace (x) = tr (P1AP1T ) + ……..+tr P6 AP6T  = (2 + 0 + 1) + ….+(2 + 0 + 1) = 3 × 6 = 18
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
1. The number of 3 × 3 non-singular matrices, with four entries as 1 and all other entries as 0, is
(1) 5 (2) 6 (3*) at least 7 (4) less than 4
[AIEEE 2010 (8, –2), 144]
dksfV 3 × 3 okys O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wgksa] ftlesa pkj izfof"V;k¡ 1 gS rFkk 'ks"k lHkh 0 gS] dh dqy la[;k gS&
(1) 5 (2) 6 (3*) de&ls&de 7 (4) 4 ls de
[AIEEE 2010 (8, –2), 144]
Ans. (3)
 a1 a2 a3 
Sol. Let A =  b1 b2  
 b3 det (A) = a1 (b2c3 – c2b3) – a2 (b1c3 – c1b3) + a3 (b1c2 – c1b2)
 c1 c 2 c3
= a1b2c3 – a1c2b3 + a2c1b3 – a2 b1c3 + a3b1c2 – a3 c1b2
if any of the terms is non-zero, then det (A) will be non-zero and all the element of that term will be unity
Now there are 6 elements remaining out of which any one can be unity.
6 6
Hence number of non-singular matrices = C1 × C1
choo sing any one triplet choosing any one element
Hence correct option is (3)
 a1 a2 a3 
Hindi ekuk A =  b1 b2 b3   det (A) = a1 (b2c3 – c2b3) – a2 (b1c3 – c1b3) + a3 (b1c2 – c1b2)
 c1 c 2 c 3 
= a1b2c3 – a1c2b3 + a2c1b3 – a2 b1c3 + a3b1c2 – a3 c1b2
;fn dksbZ in v'kwU; gS rc det (A) v'kwU; gksxk vkSj ml in ds leLr vo;o bdkbZ gksaxsA vc 6 vo;o 'ks"k gksxsa
ftuesa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d bdkbZ gks ldrk gSA vr% O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wgksa dh la[;k = 6
C1
choo sin g any one triplet
6
× C1
choo sing any one element
vr% lgh fodYi (3) gSA
2. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with non-zero entries and let A2 = I, where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix.
Tr(A) = sum of diagonal elements of A and |A| = determinant of matrix A. [AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
Statement -1 : Tr(A) = 0
Statement -2 : |A| = 1
(1) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -
1.
(2*) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(3) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true.
(4) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
ekuk A, 2 × 2 dksfV dk v'kwU; izfof"V;ksa okyk ,d vkO;wg gS vkSj ekuk A2 = I, tgk¡ I ,d 2 × 2 dksfV dk rRled
vkO;wg gSA Tr(A) = vkO;wg A ds fod.kZ ij fLFkr izfof"V;ksa dk ;ksxQy gS rFkk |A| = vkO;wg A dk lkjf.kd gSA
[AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
izzdFku-1 : Tr(A) = 0
izzdFku-2 : |A| = 1
(1) izzdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 lR; gS ; izdFku-2, izdFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
PAGE NO.-26
(2*) izdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 feF;k gSA

(3) izdFku-1 feF;k gS] izdFku-2 lR; gSA
(4) izdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 lR; gS ; izdFku-2, izdFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
Ans. (2)
a b  a b  a b   a2  bc b(a  d) 1 0
Sol. Let A =  ; A = =  2 
= 
2
     
 c d  c d  c d c(a  d) bc  d   0 1
 a+d=0 and a2 + bc = 1
 Tr(A) = 0
Statement-1 is true
Statement-2 |A| = ad – bc = – a2 – bc = – 1
Statement-1 is true statement-2 is false.
a b  a b  a b   a2  bc b(a  d) 1 0
Hindi ekuk A =   ; A2 =     =  2 
=  
 c d  c d  c d c(a  d) bc  d   0 1
 a+d=0 vkSj a2 + bc = 1
 Tr(A) = 0
dFku-1 lR; gSA
dFku-2 |A| = ad – bc = – a2 – bc = – 1
dFku-1 lR; gS dFku -2 vlR; gSA
3. Consider the system of linear equations : [AIEEE 2010 (4, –1),

144]
x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
The system has
(1) exactly 3 solutions (2) a unique solution (3*) no solution (4) infinite number of solutions
fuEu jSf[kd lehdj.k fudk; dks yhft, % [AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
fudk; ds
(1) dsoy 3 gy gSA (2) ,dek=k gy gS A (3*) dksbZ gy ugha gSA (4) vuUr gy gSA
Ans. (3)
Sol. Equation (2) – equation (1)  x1 + x2 = 0
(3) – 2(1)  x1 + x2 = – 5
No solution dksbZ gy ugha
4. Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3. [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
Statement-1 : A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices.
Statement-2 : AB is symmetric matrix if matrix multiplication of A with B is commutative.
(1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation f or
Statement-1.
(2*) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement -2 is not
a correct explanation f or Statement -1.
(3) Statement-1 is true, Statement -2 is f alse.
(4) Statement-1 is f alse, Statement -2 is true.
ekuk A vkS j B dks f V 3 ds nks lefer vkO;w g gS & [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
PAGE NO.-27
dFku -1 : A(BA) rFkk (AB)A lefer vkO;w g gS a A

dFku -2 : AB ,d lefer vkO;w g gS ;fn vkO;w g ks a A rFkk B dh xq . kk Øe&fofues ; dkjh gS A
(1) dFku -1 lR; gS ] dFku -2 lR; gS A dFku -2, dFku -1 dh lgh O;k[;k gS A
(2*) dFku -1 lR; gS ] dFku -2 lR; gS A dFku -2, dFku -1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gS A
(3) dFku -1 lR; gS ] dFku -2 vlR; gS A
(4) dFku -1 vlR; gS ] dFku -2 lR; gS A
Sol. (2)
A = A , B = A
P = A(BA)
P = (A(BA)) = (BA)A= (AB) A = (AB) A = A(BA)
 A(BA) is symmetric
similarly (AB) A is symmetric
Statement(2) is correct but not correct explanation of statement (1).
Hindi A = A , B = A
P = A(BA)
P = (A(BA)) = (BA)A= (AB) A = (AB) A = A(BA)
 A(BA) lefer gSA
blh izdkj (AB) A Hkh lefer gSA
dFku (2) lR; gS ysfdu dFku (1) dh lgh O;k[;k ugha djrk gSA
5. The number of values of k f or which the linear equations [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
4x + ky + 2z = 0
kx + 4y + z = 0
2x + 2y + z = 0
posses a non-zero solution is :
k ds mu ekuks a dh la [ ;k ftuds fy, jS f [kd lehdj.k [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
4x + ky + 2z = 0
kx + 4y + z = 0
2x + 2y + z = 0
ds v'kw U ; ew y gS ] gS a :
(1) 3 (2*) 2 (3) 1 (4) zero 'kw U ;
Sol. (2)
4 k 2
= k 4 1 =0  8 – k(k – 2) – 2(2k – 8) = 0
2 2 1
 8 – k2 + 2k – 4k + 16 = 0  – k2 – 2k + 24 = 0
 k2 + 2k – 24 = 0  (k + 6)(k – 4) = 0  k = – 6, 4
Number of values of k is 2
4 k 2
Hindi = k 4 1 =0  8 – k(k – 2) – 2(2k – 8) = 0
2 2 1
 8 – k2 + 2k – 4k + 16 = 0  – k2 – 2k + 24 = 0
 k2 + 2k – 24 = 0  (k + 6)(k – 4) = 0  k = – 6, 4
vr% k ds ekuksa dh la[;k = 2
 0 
6. If   1 is the complex cube root of unity and matrix H =   , then H is equal to -
70
 0  
[AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
PAGE NO.-28
 0 
;fn   1 bdkbZ dk ,d lfEeJ ?ku ewy gS rFkk vkO;wg H =   gS] rks H cjkcj gS % [AIEEE 2011, I, (4,
70
 0  
–1), 120]
(1) 0 (2) – H (3) H2 (4*) H
  0    0   2
0
Sol. H2 =     =  2
 0   0   0  
k 0  k 1 0 
If Hk =  k
, then Hk+1
=  k 1 
0    0  
So by mathematical induction, xf.krh; vkxeu fl)kUr ls
70 0   0 
H70 =  70 
=  =H
 0    0 
7. If the trivial solution is the only solution of the system of equations [AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
x – ky + z = 0
kx + 3y – kz = 0
3x + y – z = 0
then the set of all values of k is :
;fn ,d lehdj.k fudk; [AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
x – ky + z = 0
kx + 3y – kz = 0
3x + y – z = 0
dk 'kwU; gy (trival solution) gh dsoy gy gS] rks k ds lHkh ekuksa dk leqPp; gS %
(1*) R – {2, –3} (2) R – { 2 } (3) R – { –3 } (4) {2, –3}

Sol. (1)
x – ky + z = 0
kx + 3y – kz = 0
3x + y – z = 0
this system will have non trivial solution if bl fudk; dk v'kwU; gy (non-trival solution) gksxk ;fn
1 –k 1
k 3 –k = 0
3 1 –1
1(– 3 + k) + k(– k + 3k) + 1 (k– 9) = 0
k – 3 + 2k2 + k – 9 = 0
2k2 + 2k – 12 = 0
k2 + k – 6 = 0
k = – 3, k = 2
so the system of equations will have only trivial solution when k  R – {2, – 3}
vr% lehdj.k fudk; dk 'kwU; gy fo|eku gksxk ;fn k  R – {2, – 3}
8. Statement - 1 : Determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3 is zero.[AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1),
120]
Statement - 2 : For any matrix A, det (A)T = det(A) and det (–A) = – det(A).
Where det (B) denotes the determinant of matrix B. Then :
(1) Both statements are true (2) Both statements are false
(3) Statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true. (4*) Statement-1 is true and statement-2 is false
dFku - 1 : dksfV 3 ds fo"ke lefer vkO;wg ds lkjf.kd dk eku 0 gSA [AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
dFku - 2 : fdlh vkO;wg A ds fy, det (A)T = det(A) rFkk det (–A) = – det(A).
tgk¡ det(B), vkO;wg B dk lkjf.kd n'kkZrk gS %
(1) nksuksa dFku lR; gSA (2) nksuksa dFku vlR; gSA
(3) dFku -1 vlR; gS rFkk dFku-2 lR; gSA (4*) dFku -1 lR; gS rFkk dFku-2 vlR; gSA
Sol. (4)
Statement-1 : Determinant of a skew sysmmetric matrix of odd order is zero
PAGE NO.-29
dFku-1 : fo"ke Øe ds fo"ke lefer vkO;wg ds lkjf.kd dk eku 'kwU; gksrk gSA
Statement-2 : det (AT) = det(A)
det(–A) = (– 1)n det (A) where A is a n × n order matrix
dFku-2 : det (A ) = det(A)
T
det(–A) = (– 1)n det (A) tgk¡ A , n × n Øe dk vkO;wg gSA
 1 0 0  1 0
     
9. Let A =  2 1 0  . If u1 and u2 are column matrices such that Au1 =  0  and Au2 =  1  , then u1 + u2 is
 3 2 1 0 0
     
equal to : [AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
 1  1  1 1
       
(1)  1  (2)  1  (3)  1 (4*)  1
0  1 0  1
       
 1 0 0  1 0
ekuk A =  2 1 0  gSA ;fn u1 rFkk u2 ,sls LraHk vkO;wg gSa fd Au1 =  0  rFkk Au2 =  1  gS] rks u1 + u2 cjkcj
 3 2 1 0 0
     
gS:
[AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
 1  1  1 1
       
(1)  1  (2)  1  (3)  1 (4*)  1
0  1 0  1
       
1  1 
 
Sol. A(u1 + u2) =  1  ; u1 + u2 = A–1 1 
0 0 
 
1
A–1 = adj A ; |A| = 1
|A|
 1 0 0  1 0 0 1  1 
A =  –2 1 0
–1
Now u1 + u2 =  –2 1 0 1    –1
 1 –2 1  1 –2 1 0  –1
10. Let P and Q be 3 × 3 matrices P  Q. If P3 = Q3 and P2Q = Q2P, then determinant of (P2 + Q2) is equal
to :
[AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
(1) – 2 (2) 1 (3*) 0 (4) – 1
ekuk P rFkk Q, 3 × 3 vkO;wg gSa rFkk P  Q gSA ;fn P3 = Q3 rFkk P2Q = Q2P gS] rks lkjf.kd (P2 + Q2) cjkcj gS:
[AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
(1) – 2 (2) 1 (3*) 0 (4) – 1
Sol. Subtracting P3 – P2Q = Q3 – Q2P  P2(P – Q) + Q2(P – Q) = 0
(P2 + Q2) (P – Q) = 0
If |P2 + Q2|  0 then P2 + Q2 is invertible P – Q = O contradiction
Hence |P2 + Q2| = 0
Hindi. ?kVkus ij P3 – P2Q = Q3 – Q2P  P2(P – Q) + Q2(P – Q) = 0  (P2 + Q2) (P – Q) = 0
;fn |P2 + Q2|  0 rks P2 + Q2 izfryksfe; gSA  P – Q = O fojks/kkHkkl
vr% |P2 + Q2| = 0
11. The number of values of k, for which the system of equations :

[ XI ] JP & JP*[AIEEE - 2013, (4, – 1) 120 ]
(k + 1)x + 8y = 4k
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
PAGE NO.-30
has no solution, is
(1) infinite (2*) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
k ds mu ekuksa dh la[;k] ftuds fy, fuEu lehdj.k fudk;
(k + 1)x + 8y = 4k
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
dk dksbZ gy ugha gS] gS& [AIEEE - 2013, (4, – 1) 120 ]
(1) vuUr (2*) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
Sol. (2)
k 1 8 4k
   k2 + 4k + 3 = 8k  k2 – 4k + 3 = 0
k k  3 3k – 1
k = 1, 3
8 4.1
If k = 1 then  False
1 3 2
8 4.3
And If k = 3 then  True
6 9 –1
therefore k = 3/ Hence only one value of k.
Hindi. (2)
k 1 8 4k
   k2 + 4k + 3 = 8k  k2 – 4k + 3 = 0
k k  3 3k – 1
k = 1, 3
8 4.1
;fn k = 1 gks rc  vlR;
1 3 2
8 4.3
vkSj ;fn k = 3 rc  lR;
6 9 –1
blfy;s k = 3 vr% k dk dsoy ,d eku gh laHko gSA
1  3
12. If P =  1 3 3  is the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix A and |A| = 4, then  is equal to : [ XII ] Only JP*
2 4 4 
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, – 1) 120 ]
1  3
;fn P =  1 3 3  ,d 3 × 3 vkO;wg A dk lg[kaMt gS rFkk |A| = 4 gS rks  cjkcj gS :
2 4 4 
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, – 1) 120 ]
(1) 4 (2*) 11 (3) 5 (4) 0
Sol. (2)
| P | = 1(12 – 12) – (4 – 6) + 3(4 – 6) = 2 – 6
| P | = |A|2 = 16 2 – 6 = 16  = 11.
3 1  f(1) 1  f(2)
13. If ,   0 and f(n) =  +  and 1  f(1) 1  f(2) 1  f(3) = K (1 – )2 (1 – )2 ( –)2 , then K is equal
n n
1  f(2) 1  f(3) 1  f(4)

to
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]

3 1  f(1) 1  f(2)
;fn ,   0 rFkk f(n) = n + n rFkk 1  f(1) 1  f(2) 1  f(3) = K (1 – )2 (1 – )2 ( –)2 gS] rks K cjkcj
1  f(2) 1  f(3) 1  f(4)
gSµ
[Matrices & Determinant]
PAGE NO.-31
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
1
(1*) 1 (2) –1 (3)  (4)

Sol. Ans. (1)
2
1 1 1 1     1   2  2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1     1   2   2 1   3  3 = 1   × 1   = 1  
1   2  2 1  3  3 1   4  4 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
= (1 – )2 (1 – )2 ( – )2
14. If A is an 3 × 3 non-singular matrix such that AA = AA and B = A–1A, then BB equals :
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]

;fn A ,d ,slk 3 × 3 O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg gS fd AA = AA rFkk B = A–1A gS] rks BBcjkcj gSµ
[Matrices & Determinant]
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) B–1 (2) (B–1) (3) I + B (4*) I
Sol. Ans. (4)
BBT = B(A–1AT)T
= B(AT)T (A–1)T
= BA(A–1)T
= A–1ATA(A–1)T
= A–1AAT(A–1)T
= IAT(A–1)T
= AT(A–1)T
= AT(AT)–1
=I
1 2 2 
15. If A = 2 1 –2 is a matrix satisfying the equation AAT = 9, where  is 3 × 3 identity matrix, then the
a 2 b 
ordered pair (a, b) is equal to :
(1) (2, – 1) (2) (–2, 1) (3) (2, 1) (4) (–2, – 1)
1 2 2 
;fn A = 2 1 –2 ,d ,slk vkO;wg gS tks vkO;wg lehdj.k AAT = 9, dks larq"V djrk gS tgk¡ 3 × 3 dk
a 2 b 
rRled vkO;wg gS] rks Øfer ;qXe(a, b) dk eku gS : [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) (2, – 1) (2) (–2, 1) (3) (2, 1) (4) (–2, – 1)
Ans. (4)
Sol. AAT = 9
1 2 2  1 2 a 1 0 0

 2 1 2 2 1 2 = 9 0 1 0 
 
a 2 b  2 2 b  0 0 1 
 a + 4 + 2b = 0, 2a + 2 – 2b = 0, a2 + 4 + b2 = 9
 a = – 2, b = – 1.
16. The set of all value of  for which the system of linear equations :
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = x1
2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = x2
– x1 + 2x2 = x3
has a non-trivial solution, [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, –1), 120]
(1) is an empty set (2) is a singleton
(3) contains two elements (4) contains more than two elements
PAGE NO.-32
ds lHkh ekuksa dk leqPp;] ftuds fy, jsf{kd lehdj.k fudk; :

2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = x1
2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = x2
– x1 + 2x2 = x3
dk ,d vrqPN gy gS , [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, –1), 120]
(1) ,d fjDr leqPp; gSA (2) ,d ,dy leqPp; gSA
(3) esa nks vo;o gSA (4) esa nks ls vf/kd vo;o gSA
Ans. (3)
–2 2 –1
Sol. 2 –3 –  2 =0
–1 2 –
 ( – 2) (3 + 2 – 4) – 2(–2 + 2) – 1(4 – 3 – ) = 0
 ( – 2) (2 + 3 – 4) + 4( – 1) + ( – 1) = 0
 ( –1)(2 + 2 – 8 + 5) = 0  (–1)(2 + 2 – 3) = 0
Two elements ( – 1) (+ 3) = 0
2
–2 2 –1
Hindi. 2 –3 –  2 =0
–1 2 –
 ( – 2) (3 + 2 – 4) – 2(–2 + 2) – 1(4 – 3 – ) = 0
 ( – 2) (2 + 3 – 4) + 4( – 1) + ( – 1) = 0
 ( –1)(2 + 2 – 8 + 5) = 0  (–1)(2 + 2 – 3) = 0
nks vo;o ( – 1) (+ 3) = 0
2
17. The system of linear equations [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, –1), 120]
x + y – z = 0
x –y –z = 0
x +y – z = 0
has a non-trivial solution for :
(1) Exactly one value of . (2) Exactly two values of .
(3) Exactly three values of . (4) Infinitely many values of .
jSf[kd lehdj.k fudk; [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, –1), 120]
x + y – z = 0
x –y –z = 0
x +y – z = 0
dk ,d vrqPN gy gksus ds fy,:
(1)dk rF;r% ,d eku gSA (2) ds rF;r% nks eku gSaA
(3) ds rF;r% rhu eku gSaA (4) ds vuar eku gSA 
Ans. (3)
1  –1
Sol.  –1 –1  0
1 1 –
1( + 1) –  (–2 + 1) – 1 ( + 1) = 0
 + 1 + 3 –  –  – 1 = 0
PAGE NO.-33
3 –  = 0
Three values (3 ekuk½
5a – b
 and A adj A = A A , then 5a + b is equal to [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, –1), 120]
T
18. If A = 
 3 2 
5a – b
;fn A =   rFkk A adj A = A A gSa, rks 5a + b cjkcj gS : [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, –1), 120]
T
3 2 
(1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 13 (4) – 1

Ans. (1)
Sol. A I  AAT
1 0 5a  b  5a 3
(10a + 3b)  
0 1  3 2   b 2
25a2 + b2 = 10a + 3b & 15a – 2b = 0 & 10a + 3b = 13
3.15a
 10a + = 13  65a = 2 × 13
2
2
 a =  5a = 2
5
 2b = 6  b = 3
 5a + b = 5
19. It S is the set of distinct values of ‘b’ for which the following system of linear equations
x+y+z=1 [JEE(Main) 2017, (4, –1), 120]
x + ay + z = 1
ax + by + z = 0
has no solution, then S is :
(1) an empty set
(2) an infinite set
(3) a finite set containing two or more elements
(4) a singleton
;fn S ‘b’ dh mu fofHkUu ekuksa dk leqPp; gS ftuds fy, fuEu jSf[kd lehdj.k fudk;
x+y+z=1
x + ay + z = 1
ax + by + z = 0
dk dksbZ gy ugha gS] rks S :
(1) ,d fjDr leqPp; gS
(2) ,d vifjfer leqPPk; gS
(3) ,d ifjfer leqPP; gS ftlesa nks ;k vf/kd vo;’o gS
(4) ,d gh vo;o okyk leqPp; gS
Ans. (4)
1 1 1
Sol. D = 1 a 1 = –(a – 1)2 = 0
a b 1
a=1
For a = 1 we have first two planes co-incident

a = 1 ds fy, izFke nks lery lEikrh gS
x+y+z=1
ax + by + z = 0
PAGE NO.-34
For no solution these two are parallel
dksbZ gy ugha ds fy, nks lekUrj gSA
1 1 1
= a=1,b=1
a b 1
 2 – 3 2
20. If A =   , then adj (3A + 12A) is equal to
– 4 1 
 2 – 3
;fn A =   gS, rks adj (3A + 12A) cjkcj gS :
2
[JEE(Main) 2017, (4, –1), 120]
– 4 1
 72 – 84  51 63  51 84  72 – 63

(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)  
 – 63 51  84 72 63 72  – 84 51 
Ans. (2)
 2 3 
Sol. A=  
 4 1 
A2 – 3A – 10 = 0
A2 = 3A + 10
3A2 + 12A = 3(3A + 10) + 12A = 21A + 30
 42 63  30 0   72 63
21A + 30 =    =  
 84 21   0 30   84 51 
 51 63 
adj (21A + 30) =  
84 72 
21. If the system of linear equations [JEE(Main) 2018, (4, –1), 120]
x + ky + 3z = 0
3x + ky – 2z = 0
2x + 4y – 3z = 0
xz
has a non-zero solution (x, y, z), then is equal to :
y2
;fn jSf[kd lehdj.k fudk;
x + ky + 3z = 0
3x + ky – 2z = 0
2x + 4y – 3z = 0
xz
dk ,d 'kwU;srj gy (x, y, z) gS] rks cjkcj gS %
y2
(1) – 30 (2) 30 (3) –10 (4*) 10
Sol. (4)
D=0
1 k 3.
3 k 2 = 0
2 4 3
– 3k + 8 – k (– 9 + 4) + 3 (12 – 2k) = 0
– 3k + 8 + 5k + 36 – 6k = 0
– 4k = – 44 k = 11
x + 11y + 3z = 0
3x + 11y + 2z = 0
2x + 4y – 3z = 0
z=t
x + 11y = – 3t
3x + 11y = 2t
2x = 5t
5t
x=
2
PAGE NO.-35
5t
3t 
3z  x 2 = 11t =  t
y= =
11 11 2  11 2
5t
t
xz 2 5
= = × 4 = 10
y2 t2 2
4
x  4 2x 2x
22. If 2x x  4 2x = (A + Bx) (x–A)2 then the ordered pair (A, B) is equal to :
2x 2x x4
x  4 2x 2x
;fn 2x x  4 2x = (A + Bx) (x–A)2 rks Øfer ;qXe (A, B) cjkcj gS % [JEE(Main) 2018, (4, –1),
2x 2x x  4
120]
(1*) (–4, 5) (2) (4, 5) (3) (–4, –5) (4) (–4, 3)
Sol. (1)
x  4 2x 2x
2x x  4 2x = (A+Bx) (x –A)2
2x 2x x  4
5x  4 2x 2x
 5x  4 x  4 2x = (A+Bx) (x –A)2
5x  4 2x x  4
1 2x 2x
 (5x–4) 1 x  4 2x = (A+Bx) (x –A)2
1 2x x  4
1 2x 2x
 (5x–4) 0  x  4 0 = (A+Bx) (x –A)2
1 0 x4
(5x–4) (x+ 4)2 = (A + Bx) (x–A)2
A = –4, B = 5
23. The system of linear equations [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
x+y+z=2
2x + 3y + 2z = 5
2x + 3y + (a2 – 1)z = a + 1
(1) is inconsistent when a = 4
(2) has infinitely many solutions for a = 4
(3) is inconsistent when |a| = 3
(4) has a unique solution for |a| = 3
jSf[kd lehdj.k fudk;
x+y+z=2
2x + 3y + 2z = 5
2x + 3y + (a2 – 1)z = a + 1
(1) vlaxr gS tc a = 4
(2) ds a = 4 ds fy, vuUr gy gSA
(3) vlaxr gS tc |a| = 3
(4) dk |a| = 3 ds fy, ek=k ,d gy gSA
PAGE NO.-36
Ans. (3)
1 1 1
Sol. D= 2 3 2 C2  C2 – C1 and rFkk C3  C3 – C1
2 3 a2  1
1 1 0
D= 2 1 0 = a2 – 3
2 1 a2  3
Since if a2  3 then only it will have unique solution. So at a = 4 unique solution exist.
pwafd ;fn a2  3 rc ;g vf}fr; gy j[krk gS vr% a = 4 vf}fr; gy j[krk gSA
cos   sin  
 , then the matrix A when  =
–50
24. If A =  , is equal to :
 sin  cos   12
cos   sin  
 , rks vkO;wg A tc  =
–50
;fn A =  cjkcj gS&
 sin  cos   12
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
 1 3  3 1 
    
(1)  2 2  (2)  2 2 
 3 1   1 3
 2 2   2 2 
 3 1  1 3
    
(3)  2 2 (4)  2 2 
 1 3  3 1 
   2 
 2 2  2
Ans. (2)
cos   sin   cos  sin    cos  sin  
Sol. A=   , adj A =    A–1 =  
 sin  cos     sin  cos    sin  cos 
cos( 50 )  sin( 50 ) 
A–50 =  
 sin( 50 ) cos( 50 ) 
 25 25 
  cos 6 sin
6 
A–50 at  = is  
12   sin 25 cos 25 
 6 6 
    3 1 
 cos 6 sin 6   
2 2 
=  = 
  sin  cos    1 3
 6  
6  2 2 
 2 4d (sin   2) 
25. Let d R, and A =  1 (sin )  2 d  , [0, 2]. If the minimum value of det(A) is 8,

 5 (2sin )  d (  sin )  2  2d
then a value of d is :
 2 4d (sin   2) 

ekuk d R RkFkk A =  1 (sin )  2 d  , [0, 2] A ;fn det(A) dk U;wure eku 8 gS] rks d

 5 (2sin )  d (  sin )  2  2d
dk ,d eku gS : [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
PAGE NO.-37
(1) –5 (2) 2( 2 + 2) (3) 2( 2 +1) (4) –7

Ans. (1)
2 4d (sin   2)
Sol. |A| = 1 (sin )  2 d
5 (2sin )  d (  sin )  2  2d
2 4d (sin   2)
= 1 (sin  )  2 d (New R3 = R3 – 2R2 + R1)
1 0 0
= (4 + d)d – sin2+ 4 = (d + 2)2 – sin2
Because minimum value of |A| = 8  (d + 2)2 = 9  d = 1 or – 5
Pkwafd |A| dk U;wure eku = 8  (d + 2)2 = 9  d = 1 ;k – 5
 0 2q r 
 
26. Let A =  p q – r  . If AAT = 3, then |p| is
p – q r 
 
0 2q r 
 
ekuk A =  p q – r ;fn AAT = 3, rks |p| cjkcj gS -
p – q r 
 
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (11-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 3 6 2
Ans. (4)
0 2q r   0 p p   1 0 0
Sol. AAT =   p q –r  2q q –q = 
0 1 0 

p –q r   r –r r  0 0 1
 4q2  r 2 2q2 – r 2 –2q2  r 2   1 0 0 

 
  2q2 – r 2 p2  q2  r 2 p2 – q2 – r 2  = 0 1 0 
 –2q2  r 2 p2 – q2 – r 2 p2  q2  r 2  0 0 1
   
= p2 + q2 + r2 = 4q2 + r2 = 1 and vkSj 2q2 – r2 = 0, p2 – q2 – r2 = 0
1 2 1
Now vc r2 = 2q2 and vkSj r2 + 4q2 = 1  q2 = ,r =
6 3
1 1
Hence vr% p2 = |p| =
2 2
 cos  – sin    0 – 1
27. Let A =   , ( R) such that A 32    . Then a value of  is :
 sin  cos   1 0 
 cos  – sin    0 – 1
ekuk A =   , ( R) bl izdkj gS fd A 32    ] rks  dk ,d eku gS&
 sin  cos   1 0 
  
(1) (2) (3) 0 (4)
16 32 64
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (08-04-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120] [Matrices]
Ans. (4)
cos   sin  cos   sin 
Sol. A2 =   
 sin  cos    sin  cos  
PAGE NO.-38
cos 2  sin 2

A2 =  
 sin 2 cos 2 
cosn  sin n
similarly we observe that blh izdkj An =  
 sin n cosn 
hence vr% cos32 = 0 and sin32 = 1

32 = 2n +
2
n 
=  ,ni
16 64
 1 1  1 2  1 3 1 n – 1 1 78  1 n
28. If   .  .  ...............     , then the inverse of   is :
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1  0 1  0 1
 1 1  1 2  1 3 1 n – 1 1 78  1 n
;fn   .  .  ...............     gS] rks   dk O;qRØe (inverse) gS&
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1  0 1  0 1
 1 0  1 0 1 – 12 1 – 13
(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)  
12 1 13 1 0 1  0 1 
Ans. (4) [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-04-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120] [Matrix & Determinant]
 1 1  1 2  1 3  1 n  1  1 78
Sol.     .......   
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1  0 1 
n(n  1)
 = 78  n =13
2
 1 13   1 13
A=   So A–1=  
0 1  0 1 
29. If A is a symmetric matrix and B is skew symmetric matrix such that

2 3 
A+B=   , then AB is equal to
5 – 1
;fn ,d lefer vkO;wg A rFkk ,d fo"ke lefer (symmetric matrix) vkO;wg B bl izdkj gS fd
2 3 
A+B=   , rks AB cjkcj gS &
5 – 1
 – 4 2  4 – 2 4 – 2  – 4 – 2
(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)  
 1 4  – 1 – 4  1 – 4 –1 4 
Ans. (2) [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-04-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120] [Matrices & Determinant]
2 3
Sol. A + B =  P  say 
5 –1
P  PT P  PT
Now A= &B=
2 2
1  2 3  2 5    2 4 
So A=      
2  5 –1 3 –1   4 –1
1  2 3  2 5   0 –1
B=  –    
2  5 –1 3 –1   1 0 
 2 4  0 –1   4 –2
So AB =       
  4 –1  1 0    –1 –4
PAGE NO.-39
0 2y1
 
30. The total number of matrices A   2x y  1 , (x, yR, x  y) for which ATA = 3I3 is :
 2x  y 1 
 
 0 2y 1 
 
vkO;wgksa A   2x y  1 , (x, yR, x  y) ftuds fy, ATA = 3I3 gS] dh dqy la[;k gS&
 2x  y 1 
 
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 2

Sol. If AA = 3, then AA = 3
 0 2y 1   0 2x 2x 
   
AAT = 2x y 1 2y y  y 
2x  y 1  1 1 1 
 (4y2  1) (2y2  1) ( 2y2  1)  3 0 0 
 2   
=  (2y  1) (4x  y 1) (4x2  y2  1) = 0 3 0 
2 2
( 2y2  1) (4x2  y2  1) (4x2  y2  1) 0 0 3 

 
1
 4y2 + 1 = 3  y2 =
2
4x2 + y2 + 1 = 3
1
4x2 + +1=3
2
3
 4x2 = 3 –
2
3 3
4x2 =  x2 =
2 8
 3 1 
(x, y)    ,  
 8 2 

(4 such matrices)
31. If the system of equations 2x + 3y – z = 0, x + ky – 2z = 0 and 2x – y + z = 0 has a non–trivial solution

x y z
(x, y, z), then    k is equal to :
y z x
;fn lehdj.k fudk; 2x + 3y – z = 0, x + ky – 2z = 0 rFkk 2x – y + z = 0 dk ,d vrqPN (non–trivial) gy
x y z
(x, y, z) gS] rks    k cjkcj gS&
y z x
3 1 1
(1) –4 (2) (3) (4) 
4 2 4
2 3 1
Sol. 1 k 2 = 0
2 1 1
R1  R1 – R3 and R3  R3 – 2R2
0 4 2
1 k 2 = 0
0 –1– 2k 5
9
 k=
2
PAGE NO.-40
x z
Equation 1  2 3  0 ……(iv)
y y
x z
Equation 3  2  1  0
y y
x x 1
adding these two equation we get 4 20   …..(v)
y y 2
z
Putting this value in equation (iv) we get 2 ….(vi)
y
x 1
Equation (v) divided by equation (vi) 

z 4
x y z 1 1 9 1
So,    k = – + – 4 + =
y z x 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
1  
32. Let be a root of equation x2 + x + 1 = 0 and the matrix A = 1   2  , then the matrix A31 is
3 
1 
2
 4 
equal to :
1 1 1
1  
;fn lehdj.k x + x + 1 = 0 dk ,d ewy gS rFkk vkO;wg
2
A= 1  2  , gS] rks vkO;wg A31 cjkcj gS :
3 
1 
2
 4 
(1) A3 (2) A2 (3) 3 (4) A
Ans. (1) [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (07-01-20),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
1 1 1  1 1 1  1 0 0
1  2  
Sol. A = 1 
2
2  1    = 0 0 1
3
1 2   1 2   0 1 0
 A4 = I
 A30 = A28 × A3 = A3
33. Let A = [aij] and B = [bij] be two 3 × 3 real matrices such that bij = (3)(i + j – 2)aji, where i, j = 1, 2, 3. If the
determinant of B is 81, then the determinant of A is:
ekuk A = [aij] rFkk B = [bij], 3 × 3 ds nks okLrfod vkO;wg bl izdkj gSa fd bij = (3)(i + j – 2)aji, tgk¡ i, j = 1, 2, 3.
;fn B dk lkjf.kd 81 gS] rks A dk lkjf.kd gS: [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (07-01-20),P-2 (4, –1), 120]
(1) 1/9 (2) 1/81 (3) 3 (4) 1/3
Ans. (1)
b11 b12 b13 3 0 a11 31a12 3 2 a13

1
Sol. |B|= b 21 b 22 b 23 = 31a 21 3 2 a 22 3 3 a 23  81 = 33.3. 32 |A| 34 = 36 |A| |A|=
9
b 31 b 32 b 33 3 2 a 31 3 3 a 32 3 4 a 33
PAGE NO.-41
a2  (b2  c 2 )cos  ab(1  cos ) ac (1  cos )

1. 2 2 2
If a + b + c = 1, then prove that ba(1  cos ) b  (c  a )cos 
2 2 2
bc (1  cos )
ca(1  cos ) cb(1  cos ) c 2  (a2  b2 )cos 
is independent of a, b, c
;fn a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd lkjf.kd
ba(1  cos ) b2  (c 2  a2 )cos  bc (1  cos )
ca(1  cos ) cb(1  cos ) c 2  (a2  b2 )cos 
dk eku a, b, c ls LorU=k gSA
Sol. a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
= ba(1  cos ) b  (c  a )cos 
2 2 2
bc (1  cos )
ca(1  cos ) cb(1  cos ) c  (a2  b2 )cos 
2
a3  a(b2  c 2 )cos  b2a(1  cos ) ac 2 (1  cos )

1
= ba2 (1  cos ) b3  b(c 2  a2 )cos  bc 2 (1  cos )
abc
ca2 (1  cos ) cb2 (1  cos ) c 3  c(a2  b2 )cos 
a2  (b2  c 2 )cos  b2 (1  cos ) c 2 (1  cos )

abc
a2 (1  cos ) b2  (c 2  a2 )cos  c 2 (1  cos )
abc
a (1  cos )
2
b (1  cos )
2
c  (a2  b2 )cos 
2
C1  C1 + C2 + C3
1 b2 (1  cos ) c 2 (1  cos )
= (a2 + b2 + c2) 1 b  (c  a )cos 
2 2 2
c 2 (1  cos )
1 b2 (1  cos ) c 2  (a2  b2 )cos 
Applying R2  R2 – R1 and R3  R3 – R1
lafØ;k R2  R2 – R1 ,oa R3  R3 – R1 ls
1 b2 (1  cos ) c 2 (1  cos )
(a2 + b2 + c2) 0 (a2  b2  c 2 )cos  0 = (a2 + b2 + c2)3 cos2 = cos2
0 0 (a  b  c 2 )cos 
2 2
This is independent from a, b, c. ;g a, b, c ls LorU=k gSA
2. If a, b, c, x, y, z  R, then prove that,

;fn a, b, c, x, y, z  R, rc fl) dhft, fd
(a  x)2 (b  x)2 (c  x)2 (1  a x)2 (1  b x)2 (1  c x)2
(a  y)2 (b  y)2 (c  y)2 = . (1  a y)2 (1  b y)2 (1  c y)2
(a  z)2 (b  z)2 (c  z)2 (1  a z)2 (1  b z)2 (1  c z)2
(a  x)2 (b  x)2 (c  x)2 (a2  x2  2ax) (b2  x2  2bx) (c2  x2  2cx)
Sol. (a  y)2 (b  y)2 (c  y)2 = (a2  y2  2ay) (b2  y2  2by) (c2  y2  2cy)
(a  z)2 (b  z)2 (c  z)2 (a2  z2  2az) (b2  z2  2bz) (c2  z2  2cz)
Corp. / Reg. Office : CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
PAGE NO.-1
x2 x 1 1 1 1 x2 x 1 a2 b2 c 2 (1  ax)2 (1 bx)2 (1 cx)2

= y2 y 1 2a 2b 2c = y2 y 1 2a 2b 2c = (1  ay)2 (1 by)2 (1 cy)2
z2 z 1 a2 b2 c2 z2 z 1 1 1 1 (1  az)2 (1 bz)2 (1 cz)2
1  a1 1 1
3. If a1, a2, a3 are distinct real roots of the equation px + px + qx + r = 0 such that
3 2
1 1  a2 1 =
1 1 1  a3
r
0, then Prove that <0
p
1  a1 1 1
lehdj.k px + px + qx + r = 0 ds ewy ;fn a1, a2, a3 fHkUu-fHkUu okLrfod gSsa blh izdkj 1 1  a2
3 2
1
1 1 1  a3
r
= 0, gks rks fl) dhft, fd <0
p
1  a1 1 1 1  a1 0 1
Sol. D= 1 1  a2 1 = 1 a2 1 =0
1 1 1  a3 1 –a3 1  a3
Applying C2  C2 – C3
Expanding above determinant
a1a2a3 + a1a2 + a2a3 + a3a1 = 0
Product of roots + a1 a2 = 0
a1a2 = q/p, a1a2a3 = –r/p
–r/p + a/p = 0    q=r
r r
 px3 + px2 + rx + r = 0   (x + 1)(px2 + r) = 0  x2 = –  <0
p p
  '  '   '  '

4. Prove that  =   '  '   ' ' = (' – ') (' – ') (' – ')
  '  '  ' '
  '  '   '  '
fl) dhft, fd %  =   '  '   '  ' = (' – ') (' – ') (' – ')
  '  '   '  '
  '   '   '  '
1
Sol.   '  '   '  '

  '    '   '  ' 
Multiplying R1 by  , R2 by  and R3 by  and dividing the whole determinant by  we have
1  '  '   '  '
1
= ·  1  '  '  '  '

1  '  '   '  '
by R3  R3– R1
R2  R2 – R1
1  '  '   '  ' 1  '  '   '  '
= 0 ( '    ')  '( '    ') = ( – ) ( – ) 0  
0 ( '    )  '( '    ') 0  '
= ( – ) ( – )( – )
PAGE NO.-2
  '   '   '  '

1
Sol.   '  '   '  '

  '    '   '  ' 
R1 dks  ls , R2 dks  ls rFkk R3 dks  ls xq.kk rFkk lEiw.kZ lkjf.kd dks  ls foHkkftr djus ij
1  '  '   '  '
1
= ·  1  '  '  '  '

1  '  '   '  '
lafØ;k R3  R3– R1
R2  R2 – R1
1  '  '   '  ' 1  '  '   '  '
= 0 ( '    ')  '( '    ') = ( – ) ( – ) 0  
0 ( '    )  '( '    ') 0  '
= ( – ) ( – )( – )
5. If ax1² + by1² + cz12 = d ax2x3 + by2y3 + cz2z3 = f

ax22 + by22 + cz22 = d and ax3x1 + by3y1 + cz3z1 = f
ax32 + by32 + cz32 = d ax1x2 + by1y2 + cz1z2 = f
2
x1 y1 z1
d  2f
then prove that x 2 y2 z2 = (d  f)2 , where a, b, c  0.
abc
x3 y3 z3
;fn ax1² + by1² + cz12 = d vkSj ax2x3 + by2y3 + cz2z3 = f
ax22 + by22 + cz22 = d ax3x1 + by3y1 + cz3z1 = f gks] rks
ax32 + by32 + cz32 = d ax1x2 + by1y2 + cz1z2 = f
2
x1 y1 z1
d  2f
fl) dhft, fd x 2 y2 z2 = (d  f)2 , tgk¡ a, b, c  0.
abc
x3 y3 z3
2 2
ax1 by1 cz1 x1 x2 x3 x1 y1 z1 d f f x1 y1 z1
1
Sol. ax 2 by 2 cz 2 y1 y2 y3 = abc x2 y2 z2 ; f d f = x2 y2 z2
abc
ax 3 by 3 cz3 z1 z2 z3 x3 y3 z3 f f d x3 y3 z3
1 f f
1
L.H.S. = (d + 2f) 1 d f R2  R2 – R1 & R3  R3 – R1
abc
1 f d
1 f f
1 (d  f )2 (d  2f )
= (d + 2f) 0 df 0 =
abc abc
0 0 df
 x1  x2    y1  y 2 
2 2
 a2 x1 y1 1
2
 x2  x3    y 2  y3 
2 2
6. If  b2 , prove that 4 x2 y2 1 = (a + b + c) (b + c  a) (c + a  b)(a + b 
 x3  x1    y3  y1 
2 2 2
 c x3 y3 1
c).
 x1  x2    y1  y 2 
2 2
 a2
;fn  x 2  x3    y 2  y3 
2 2
 b2 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
 x3  x1    y3  y1 
2 2 2
 c
PAGE NO.-3
2
x1 y1 1
4 x2 y2 1 = (a + b + c) (b + c  a) (c + a  b) (a + b  c).
x3 y3 1
 x1  x2    y1  y 2 
2 2
 a2
 x2  x3    y 2  y3 
2 2
Sol.  b2
 x3  x1    y3  y1 
2 2 2
 c
(x y )
P 1 1
a c
Q R
(x2y2) b (x3y3)
x1 y1 1
1
 area of  PQR = x2 y2 1 =
2
x3 y3 1
x1 y1 1
2 = x2 y2 1
x3 y3 1
2
x1 y1 1
4 x2 y2 1 = 16 s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c) = 2s (2s – 2a) (2s – 2b) (2s – 2c)
x3 y3 1
= (a + b + c) (b + c – a) (a + c – b) (a + b – c)
 x1  x2    y1  y 2 
2 2
 a2
 x2  x3    y 2  y3 
2 2
Hindi.  b2
 x3  x1    y3  y1 
2 2 2
 c
(x y )
P 1 1
a c
Q R
(x2y2) b (x3y3)
x1 y1 1
1
 PQR dk {ks=kQy = x2 y2 1 =
2
x3 y3 1
x1 y1 1
2 = x2 y2 1
x3 y3 1
2
x1 y1 1
4 x2 y2 1 = 16 s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c) = 2s (2s – 2a) (2s – 2b) (2s – 2c)
x3 y3 1
= (a + b + c) (b + c – a) (a + c – b) (a + b – c)
PAGE NO.-4
cos–1 x cos–1 y cos–1 z 

 
7. Let A = cos–1 y cos–1 z cos–1 x  such that |A| = 0, then find the maximum value of x + y + z
cos–1 z cos–1 x cos–1 y 
 
cos–1 x cos–1 y cos–1 z 

ekuk A = cos–1 y cos–1 z cos–1 x  bl izdkj gS fd |A| = 0, rks x + y + z dk vf/kdre eku gSA
cos–1 z cos–1 x cos–1 y 
 
Ans. 3
Sol. Let ekuk a = cos–1x, b = cos–1y, c = cos–1z,
a b c
1 
|A| = 0  b c a = (a + b + c)  {(a  b)2  (b  c)2  (c  a)2 }   0
 2 
c a b
 a+b+c=0  x=y=z=1
u v 0
u d2 y
8. If y = , where u & v are functions of ' x ', show that, v 3 = u v  v .
v d x2
u v  2 v 
u v 0
u d2 y
;fn y = , tgk¡ u vkSj v ] x' ds Qyu gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd v 3 = u v  v .
v d x2
u v  2 v 
u dy vu  uv d2 y v 2 (vu  vu  uv  uv)  2vv (uv  uv )

Sol. y=  =   =
v dx v2 dx 2
v4
v 2v 0 u v 0
d2 y 2
3 d y
v3 = v(vu– uv– 2v(uv – uv) = 
u u u  v = u v   v
dx 2 dx 2
v v  v u v  2v 
9. If ,  be the real roots of ax2+ bx+c = 0 and sn= n + n, then prove that asn + bsn–1 + csn–2 = 0 for all
3 1  s1 1  s2
n  2, n  N. Hence or otherwise prove that 1  s1 1  s2 1  s3 > 0 for all real a, b, c.
1  s 2 1  s3 1  s 4
;fn ,  lehdj.k ax2+ bx+c = 0 ds okLrfod ewy gS vkSj sn= n + n gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
asn + bsn–1 + csn–2 = 0, tgk¡ n  2, n  N rFkk blls a, b, c ds lHkh okLrfod ekuksa ds fy, fl) dhft, fd
3 1  s1 1  s2
1  s1 1  s2 1  s3 > 0 ,
1  s 2 1  s3 1  s 4
b c
Sol. ax2+ bx+c = 0    =  =
a a
sn = n +n  asn + bsn–1 + csn–2 = a(n + n) + b (n–1 + n–1) + c (n –2 + n–2)
 n n   n n   b c   b c 
= a (n + n) + b    + c  2  2  = n  a   2  + n a   2 
               
= n–2 (2a + b + c) + n–2 (a2 + b + C) = 0 + 0 = 0
PAGE NO.-5
3 1  s1 1  s2 1 1 1 1     1   2  2
and 1  s1 1  s2 1  s3 = 1     1   2   2 1   3  3
1  s 2 1  s3 1  s 4 1   2   2 1   3  3 1   4   4
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1   1   = 1   >0
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
b c
Hindi. ax2+ bx+c = 0    =  =
a a
sn = n +n  asn + bsn–1 + csn–2 = a(n + n) + b (n–1 + n–1) + c (n –2 + n–2)
 n n   n n   b c   b c 
= a (n + n) + b    + c  2  2  = n  a   2  + n a   2 
               
= n–2 (2a + b + c) + n–2 (a2 + b + C) = 0 + 0 = 0
3 1  s1 1  s2 1 1 1 1     1   2  2
rFkk 1  s1 1  s2 1  s3 = 1     1  2  2 1  3  3
1  s 2 1  s3 1  s 4 1   2  2 1  3  3 1   4  4
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1   1   = 1   >0
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
1 1 1
a a (a  d) (a  d) (a  2d)
10. Let a > 0, d > 0. Find the value of determinant 1 1 1
(a  d) (a  d) (a  2d) (a  2d) (a  3 d)
1 1 1
(a  2d) (a  2d) (a  3 d) (a  3 d) (a  4 d)
1 1 1
a a (a  d) (a  d) (a  2d)
;fn a > 0, d > 0 gks] rks lkjf.kd (a 1 d) 1
(a  d) (a  2d)
1
(a  2d) (a  3 d)
1 1 1
(a  2d) (a  2d) (a  3 d) (a  3 d) (a  4 d)
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
4 d4
Ans.
a(a  d)2 (a  2d)3 (a  3 d)2 (a  4 d)
1 1 1
a a (a  d) (a  d) (a  2d)
Sol. = 1 1 1
(a  d) (a  d) (a  2d) (a  2d) (a  3 d)
1 1 1
(a  2d) (a  2d) (a  3 d) (a  3 d) (a  4 d)
by taking common a(a + d) (a + 2d) from R1 (a + d) (a + 2d) (a + 3d) from R2 and (a + 2d) (a + 3d)
(a + 4d) from R3 in denominator, we have
PAGE NO.-6
(a  d)(a  2d) (a  2d) (a)

1
=  (a  2d)(a  3d) (a  3d) (a  d)
a(a  d)2 (a  2d)3 (a  3d)2 (a  4d)
(a  3d)(a  4d) (a  4d) (a  2d)
(a  d)(a  2d) (a  2d) a
Let  = (a  2d)2d d d
(a  3d)(2d) d d
by R2  R2 – R1, R3  R3 – R2
(a  d)(a  2d) (a  2d) a
= (a  2d)2d d d by R3  R3 – R2
2d2 0 0
 = 2d3(a + 2d – a) = 4d4
4d4
  =
a(a  d) (a  2d)3 (a  3d)2 (a  4d)
2
1 1 1
a a (a  d) (a  d) (a  2d)
Hindi. = 1 1 1
(a  d) (a  d) (a  2d) (a  2d) (a  3 d)
1 1 1
(a  2d) (a  2d) (a  3 d) (a  3 d) (a  4 d)
R1, R2, R3 esa ls Øe'k% a(a + d) (a + 2d) , (a + d) (a + 2d) (a + 3d) , (a + 2d) (a + 3d)
(a + 4d) mHk;fu"B ysus ij
(a  d)(a  2d) (a  2d) (a)
1
=  (a  2d)(a  3d) (a  3d) (a  d)
a(a  d)2 (a  2d)3 (a  3d)2 (a  4d)
(a  3d)(a  4d) (a  4d) (a  2d)
(a  d)(a  2d) (a  2d) a
ekuk fd = (a  2d)2d d d
(a  3d)(2d) d d
lafØ;k R2  R2 – R1, R3  R3 – R2
(a  d)(a  2d) (a  2d) a
= (a  2d)2d d d by R3  R3 – R2
2
2d 0 0
 = 2d3(a + 2d – a) = 4d4
4d4
  =
a(a  d)2 (a  2d)3 (a  3d)2 (a  4d)

11. Let a r  xr ˆi  yr ˆj  zr k,
ˆ r = 1, 2, 3 be three mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then find the value of
x1 x2 x3
y1 y2 y3
z1 z2 z3
x1 x2 x3

ekuk ar ˆ ˆ ˆ
 xr i  yr j  zr k, , r = 1, 2, 3 rhu ijLij yEcor~ bdkbZ lfn'k gS rc y1 y2 y3 dk eku gSA
z1 z2 z3
Ans. 1
PAGE NO.-7
x1 x 2 x3 x1 y1 z1 x1 y1 z2 x1 y1 z1
Sol.   y1 y 2 y3  x 2 y2 z2 ;   y1
2
y2 z2 x2 y2 z2
z1 z2 z3 x3 y3 z3 z1 y3 z3 x3 y3 z3
x1  y1  z1 x1x 2  y1y 2  z1z2 x1x3  y1y3  z1z3
2 2 2
1 0 0
 x1x 2  y 2 y1  z2 z1 x 2  y 2  z2 x 2 x 3  y 2 y 3  z2 z3  0 1 0  1    1
2 2 2
x3 x1  y3 y1  z3 z1 x 2 x 3  y 2 y 3  z 2 z3 x 3  y 3  z3
2 2 2
0 0 1
xk xk  2 xk  3
 1 1 1
12. If yk yk  2 yk  3 = (x  y) (y  z) (z  x)     , then find the value of k.
x y z
zk zk  2 zk  3
xk xk  2 xk  3
 1 1 1
;fn yk yk  2 y k  3 = (x  y) (y  z) (z  x)     gks rks k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
x y z
zk zk  2 zk  3
Ans. k=1
k2
k
x x xk  3 1 x2 x3
k2
Sol. k
y y yk  3 = xkykzk 1 y2 y3
zk zk  2 zk  3 1 z2 z3
= (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) (xy + zy + zx) x kykzk at k = –1 ij
 1 1 1
= (x – y) (y – z) (z – x)    
x y z
a  p  x u  f
13. If the determinant b  q m  y v  g splits into exactly K determinants of order 3, each
c  r n  z w  h
element of which contains only one term, then find the value of K =
a  p  x u  f
;fn lkjf.kd b  q m  y v  g dks 3 Øe ds K lkjf.kdksa esa izlkfjr dj fn;k tk;s ftldk izR;sd
c  r n  z w  h
vo;o dsoy ,d in j[krk gS rks K dk eku Kkr djksA
Ans. 8
a  p  x u  f a  p  x u a  p  x f
Sol. b  q m  y v  g = b  q m  y v + b  q m  y g
c  r n  z w  h c  r n  z w c  r n  z h
a  p u a  p x u a  p f a  p x f
= b  q m v + b  q y v + b  q m g + b  q y g
c  r n w c  r z w c  r n h c  r z h
Now each det. may splits in 2 det. So, total determinants are 8.
a  p  x u  f a  p  x u a  p  x f
b  q m  y v  g = b  q m  y v + b  q m  y g
c  r n  z w  h c  r n  z w c  r n  z h
a  p u a  p x u a  p f a  p x f
= b  q m v + b  q y v + b  q m g + b  q y g
c  r n w c  r z w c  r n h c  r z h
PAGE NO.-8
vc izR;sd lkjf.kd 2 lkjf.kdksa esa foHkDr gks tkrk gSA vr% dqy 8 lkjf.kd curs gSA
PAGE NO.-9
a a3 a4 1
14. If a, b, c are all different and b b3 b 4  1 = 0, then find the value of abc (ab + bc + ca) – (a + b + c).
c c3 c 4 1
a a3 a4 1
;fn a, b, c lHkh fHkUu-fHkUu gS rFkk b b3 b 4  1 = 0, rc abc (ab + bc + ca) – (a + b + c) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
c c3 c 4 1
Ans. 0
a a3 a 4  1 a a3 a4 a a3 1
Sol. b b3 b 4  1 = 0  b b3 b4 = b b3 1
c c 3 c 4 1 c c3 c4 c c3 1
abc (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (ab + bc + ca) = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (a + b + c)
 abc (ab + bc + ca) = (a + b + c)
0 b c
15. If a, b, c are complex numbers and z = b 0 a then show that z is purely imaginary.
c a 0
0 b c
;fn a, b, c lfEeJ la[;k,a gS rFkk z = b 0 a gS rc n'kkZb;s fd z ,d fo'kq) dkYifud gSA
c a 0
0 b c
Sol. z = b 0 a = bac – cab
c a 0
Let z1 = bac = z1 – z1 = 2Im(z1) Purely Imaginary.
0 b c
Hindi. z = b 0 a = bac – cab
c a 0
ekuk z1 = bac = z1 – z1 = 2Im(z1) fo'kq) dkYifud
f(x)g(x) [f(x)]g( x ) 1
2 2 2 g( x 2 )
16. If f(x) = log10x and g(x) = e and h(x) = f(x )g(x ) [f(x )]
ix
0 , then find the value of h(10).
3 3 3 g( x3 )
f(x )g(x ) [f(x )] 1
f(x)g(x) [f(x)]g( x ) 1
2
;fn f(x) = log10x vkSj g(x) = eix vkSj h(x) = f(x 2 )g(x 2 ) [f(x 2 )]g( x )
0 , rc h(10) dk eku gS&
3
3 3 3 g( x )
f(x )g(x ) [f(x )] 1
Ans. 0
Sol. f(x) = log10x, g(x) = eix = cosx + i sinx
f(10) = 1 g(10) = 1
1 1 1
h(10) = 2 2 0  0
3 3 1
PAGE NO.-10
a 1  2i 3  5i
17. If a, b, c, are real numbers, and D = 1  2i b 7  3i then show that D is purely real.
3  5i 7  3i c
a 1  2i 3  5i
;fn a, b, c, okLrfod la[;k,a gS rFkk D = 1  2i b 7  3i rc n'kkZb;s fd D fo'kq) okLrfod gSA
3  5i 7  3i c
a 1  2i 3  5i
Sol. D = 1  2i b 7  3i
3  5i 7  3i c
By expanding above determinant we get
abc – 58a – 5c – 34b + 164 i.e., purely real.
Aliter : observe that D = DT and D  DT  D i.e. DD

i.e. D is real
D is a conjugate of D
a 1  2i 3  5i
Hindi D = 1  2i b 7  3i
3  5i 7  3i c
mijksDr lkj.khd dk izlkj djus ij
abc – 58a – 5c – 34b + 164 tksfd okLrfod gS
oSdfYid : fo'ys"k.k ls D = DT rFkk D  DT  D vFkkZr~ D  D vFkkZr~ D okLrfod gSA

D dk la;qXeh D gSA
 1 a 1
18. If ;fn A    then rc find lim A n Kkr dhft,A.
0 1 n  n
0 a 
Ans. 0 0 
 
0 a 
Sol. Let ekuk X =    xn = 0  n  2  A=X+I
0 0 
rc An = (X + I )n = nC0 xn + nC1xn–1I ..................+nCn–2 x2 + nCn –1 x + nCnI = n x + I

 1 na 
= 
0 1 
1  1 na 0 a 
lim 
n
n 0 1  0 0 
  
 cos 9 sin 9 
19. Let P =   and  be non-zero real numbers such that p6 + p3 + 
 – sin  cos  
 9 9 
is the zero matrix. Then find value of (2  2   2 )(  –)(–  )(  –  )
  
 cos 9 sin 9 
ekuk P =  
 – sin  cos  
 9 9 
PAGE NO.-11
rFkk  v'kwU; okLrfod la[;k,sa bl izdkj gS fd p6 + p3 + 'kwU; vkO;wg gks] rks (2  2  2 )(  –)(–  )(  –  )
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 1
     
 cos 9 sin 9   cos 9 sin 9 
Sol. P2 =   =  
 – sin  cos    – sin  cos  
 9 9   9 9 
        2 2 
 cos2 – sin2 cos sin  sin cos   cos 9 sin
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 
=   =  
 – sin  cos  – cos  sin  
– sin2  cos2
   – sin 2 cos 2 
 9 9 9 9 9 9   9 9 
 2 2      3 3   1 3
 cos 9 sin   cos sin   cos sin  
9 9 9 9 9   2 2 
P3 =    ; P3 =  
 – sin 2 cos 2   – sin  cos    – sin 3 cos 3   3 1 
–
 9 
9  9 
9  9 9   2 
2 
 1 3 1 3  1 3
    – 
P6 = P3 · P3 =  2 2  2 2  2 2 
 3 1  3 1   3 1
–  –  –  
 2 2  2 2   2 2
P + P +  = 0
6 3
   3 3 
 –    
  
2 2 2 2 0 0
vFkkZr 
 3 3    0 0 
– –  –   
 2 2 2 2 
 = –  vkSj  = –  =  +  = 0 ;  +  = 0 ;  –  = 0  (2 + 2 + 2 )º = 1
20. Consider an odd order square symmetric matrix A = [ai j]nxn. It's element in any row are 1, 2, ......, n in
some order, then prove that a11, a22, ..........., ann are numbers 1, 2, 3, ......, n in some order.
fo"ke Øe ds lefer oxZ vkO;wg A = [ai j]nxn ds fdlh Hkh iafDr es vo;o 1, 2, ......, n fdlh Øe es gS rks fl)
dhft, fd a11, a22, -, ann fdlh Øe es 1, 2, 3, ......, n la[;k,sa gSA
Sol. It is symmetric matrix, so each number should appear atleast once in diagonal (As each number in
matrix will appear n times and n is odd). There are n diagonal places and n numbers so each number 1,
2, 3, ......,n will appear once in some order.
;g lefer vkO;wg gSA vr% izR;sd la[;k de ls de ,d ckj fod.kZ ij vkuh pkfg;sA (tSlk fd izR;sd la[;k
vkO;wg es n ckj vkrh gS rFkk n fo"ke gS) ;gk¡ fod.kZ ij n LFkku gksxsa rFkk n la[;k,¡ gS ftlls izR;sd la[;k 1, 2, 3,
......,n fod.kZ ij fdlh Hkh Øe esa ,d ckj rks vk,xhA
1 1 1 2 –1 –1
21. 
Let A = 1 1 1  ; B =  –1 2 –1 and C = 3A + 7B
1 1 1  –1 –1 2 
Prove that
(i) (A + B)2013 = A2013 + B2013
(ii) Prove that An = 3n – 1 A ; Bn = 3n – 1 B ; Cn = 32n – 1 A + 7.21n – 1 B.
1 1 1 2 –1 –1
Hindi. ekuk A = 1 1 1 ; B =  –1 2 –1
1 1 1  –1 –1 2 
vkSj C = 3A + 7B
fl) dhft, fd
(i) (A + B)2013 = A2013 + B2013
PAGE NO.-12
(ii) fl) dhft, fd An = 3n – 1 A ; Bn = 3n – 1 B ; Cn = 32n – 1 A + 7.21n – 1 B.

Sol. (i) Note that   AB = BA = 0
 (A + B)2013 = A2013 + B2013 (By using Binomial Theorem)
(ii) A2 = 3A and so is B2 = 3B
Using induction it can be proved that An = 3n – 1 A and Bn = 3n – 1 B.
C = 3A + 7B
Cn = (3A)n + (7B)n = 32n – 1 A + 7.21n – 1 B
Hindi. (i)  AB = BA = 0
 (A + B)2013 = A2013 + B2013 (f}in izes; ds mi;ksx ls)
(ii) A2 = 3A blfy, B2 = 3B
vkxeu fl)kUr dh lgk;rk ls fl) dj ldrs gS An = 3n – 1 A rFkk Bn = 3n – 1 B.
C = 3A + 7B
Cn = (3A)n + (7B)n = 32n – 1 A + 7.21n – 1 B
22. Let 'A' is (4×4) matrix such that sum of elements in each row is 1. Find out sum of all the elements in
A10.
ekuk 'A'. (4×4) vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd bldh izR;sd iafDr ds vo;oksa dk ;ksxQy 1 gS] rks A10 ds lHkh vo;oksa dk
;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 4
4
Sol. Given a
k 1
ik  1  i {1,2, 3, 4 }
Let's consider B = A2 B = [ bij]4×4

4
bij = 
k 1
aik . akj
Sum of elements of ith row in A2 is

4 4 4 4 4 4 4
b
J 1
ij   a
j  1 k 1
ik .akj =  a
K  1 J 1
ik .akj =  a a
K 1
ik
j 1
kj
4 4
 a
j 1
kj 1 = a
K 1
ik 1  Sum of elements in a row of A2 is 1.
  Similarly sum of elements in a row of A10 is 1  Sum of all elements = 4
4
Hindi fn;k gS a
k 1
ik  1  i {1,2, 3, 4 }
4
ekuk B = A2 B = [ bij]4×4 
k 1
 bij = aik . akj
A2 es ith iafDr ds vo;oksa dk ;ksxQy 1 gS

4 4 4 4 4 4 4
b
J 1
ij   a
j  1 k 1
ik .akj =  a
K  1 J 1
ik .akj =  a a
K 1
ik
j 1
kj
4 4
  a
j 1
kj 1 = a
K 1
ik  1 A2 dh iafDr ds vo;oksa dk ;ksxQy gS 
  blh izdkj A10 dh iafDr ds vo;oksa dk ;ksxQy 1 gS

  lHkh vo;oksa dk ;ksxQy 4 gS
 x x x 
23. 
Let A =  x x x  , then prove that A–1 exists if 3x +   0,   0

 x x x 
PAGE NO.-13
 x x x 
ekuk A =  x x x  , rc n'kkZb;s fd A–1 fo|eku gS ;fn 3x +   0,   0

 x x x 
 x x x  1 x x
Sol. 
A=  x x x  ; |A| = (3x + ) 1 x   x
 x x x    1 x x
by R2  R2 – R1 , R3  R3 – R1
1 x x
= (3x + ) 0  0 = (3x + ) (2)
0 0 
|A|  0 for non-singular matrix  3x +  0,   0
 x x x  1 x x
Hindi. 
A=  x x x   ; |A| = (3x + ) 1 x   x
 x x x    1 x x
lafØ;k R2  R2 – R1 , R3  R3 – R1 ls
1 x x
= (3x + ) 0  0 = (3x + ) (2)
0 0 
O;qRØe.kh; eSfVªDl ds fy, |A|  0
 3x +  0,   0
24. Prove that if A and B are n × n matrices, then det (n – AB) = det (n – BA).
fl) djks fd ;fn A rFkk B, n × n Øe dh vkO;wg gS] rc det (n – AB) = det (n – BA).
Sol. Let us assume first that B is invertible. Then n – AB = B–1 (n – AB) B and hence
det (n – AB) = det (B–1) det (n – BA) det B = det (n – BA).
If B is not invertible, consider instead the matrix Bx = xn + B. Since det (xn + B) is a polynomial in
x, the matrices Bx are invertible for all but finitely many values of x. So we can use the first part of the
proof and conclude that det(n – ABx) = det (n – BxA) for all except finitely many values of x. But these
two determinants are polynomials in x, which are equal for infinitely many values of x, so they must
always be equal. In particular, for x = 0, det (n – AB) = det (n – BA).
Hindi. ekuk fd B O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg rc n – AB = B–1 (n – AB) B rFkk
det (n – AB) = det (B–1) det (n – BA) det B = det (n – BA).
;fn B çfrykseh; ugha gS ekuk fd vkO;wg Bx = xn + B pw¡fd (xn + B), x esa cgqin gS] vkO;wg Bx lHkh ysfdu x ds
lhfer vusd ekuksa ds fy, çfrykseh; gSA vr% ge lR;kiu dk izFke Hkkx dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gS rFkk fu"d"kZ
fudkyrs gS fd lHkh ysfdu x ds lhfer la[;k esa eku dks NksMdj lHkh ekuksa ds fy, det(n – ABx) = det (n –
BxA) ijUrq ;s nksuksa lkjf.kd x esa cgqin tks fd x ds vUkUr ekuksa ds fy, cjkcj gS vr% ;g ges'kk cjkcj gksuk
pkfg,A fo'ks"kr% x = 0 ds fy, det (n – AB) = det (n – BA).
25. Let A be an n × n matrix such that An = A where  is a real number different from 1 and – 1. Prove that
the matrix A + n is invertible.
ekuk A ,d n × n Øe dk vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd An = A tgk¡  , –1 vkSj 1 ls fHkUu ,d okLrfod la[;k gSA
fl) djks fd vkO;wg A + n çfrykseh; gSA
Sol. Let B = A + n . Since A = B – n , the condition An = A can be written in the form (B – n)n =  (B – n).
This implies
n n
Bn –   Bn–1 +   Bn–2 + ..... + (–1)n n = B – n
 
1 2
PAGE NO.-14
n n
or Bn –   Bn–1 +   Bn–2 + ..... + (–1)n–1 B – B = – n – (–1)n n.
 1 2
 n n 
Thus B =  Bn1    Bn 2    Bn3  ....  ( 1)n1 n  n  ((–1)n+1 – ) n,
  
1  
2 
which clearly means that B is invertible, since (–1) –   0.
n+1
Hindi ekuk B = A + n vr% A = B – n izfrcU/k An = A dks (B – n)n =  (B – n) ds :i esa fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
n  n  n–2
Bn –   Bn–1 +   B + ..... + (–1) n = B – n
n
 1  
2
;k
n n
Bn –   Bn–1 +   Bn–2 + ..... + (–1)n–1 B – B = – n – (–1)n n.
 
1 2
 n n 
vc B =  Bn1    Bn 2    Bn3  ....  ( 1)n1 n  n  ((–1)n+1 – ) n,
  1  2 
Li"Vr;k B çfrykseh; gS pw¡fd (–1)n+1 –   0.
26. Let p and q be real numbers such that x2 + px + q  0 for every real number x. Prove that if n is an odd
positive integer, then X2 + pX + qn  0n for all real matrices X of order n × n.
ekuk p rFkk q okLrfod la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd izR;sd okLrfod la[;k x ds fy, x2 + px + q  0 fl) djks fd
;fn n ,d fo"ke /kukRed iw.kk±d gS rks n × n Øe dh lHkh okLrfod vkO;wgksa ds fy, X2 + pX + qn  0n
Sol. Assume X2 + pX + qn = On for some n × n matrix X. This equality can be written in the form
2
 p  p2  4q
 X  2 n  = n.
  4
Taking determinants on both sides and using the fact that det(AB) = det A . det B we obtain
2 n
  p   p2  4q 
 det  X  n   =  
  2   4 
This left side is nonnegative, and the right side is strictly negative by hypothesis. This contradiction
ends the proof.
Hindi. ekuk fd dqN n × n Øe ds vkO;wg x ds fy, X2 + pX + qn = On ;g lfedk fuEu :i = n esa fy[kh tk ldrh
gSA
2
 p  p2  4q
 X   = n.
2 
n
 4
nksuksa vksj lkjf.kd ysus ij rFkk det(AB) = det A . det B dk iz;ksx djus ij
2 n
   p2  4q 
gesa izkIr gksrk gS  det  X  n   = 
p
 ;gk¡ ck¡;ka i{k v_.kkRed gS rFkk nk¡;k i{k ifjdYiuk ls
  2   4 
fu;ec) _.kkRed gS tks fd ijLij fojks/kkHkkl gSA
27. Let A, B, C be three 3 × 3 matrices with real entries. If BA + BC + AC =  and det(A + B) = 0 then find
the value of det(A + B + C – BAC).
ekuk A, B, C rhu 3 × 3 Øe ds okLrfod vo;oksa dk vkO;wg gSA ;fn BA + BC + AC =  rFkk det(A + B) = 0 rc
det(A + B + C – BAC) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 0
Sol. BA =  – AC – BC    BAC = C – AC2 – BC2

 C – BAC = AC2 + BC2  C – BAC = (A + B)C2
PAGE NO.-15
 A + B + C – BAC = A + B + (A + B) C2 = (A + B) ( + C2)
 det(A + B + C – BAC) = det((A + B) ( + C2)) = det(A + B) · det( + C2) = 0
1 1
z z 2   z1 z2   12 0
28. If |z1| = |z2| = 1, then prove that  1 =
 z2 z1  z
 2 z1  0


2
1
1 1
z z 2   z1 z2   12 0
;fn |z1| = |z2| = 1, gks rks fl) dhft, fd  1 =
 z2 z1  z
 2 z1  0
 1 
2
1 1 1
 z1 z 2   z1 z2   z z2   z1 z 2  
Sol. z =  1  ( A–1 . B–1 = (BA)–1)
 2 z1  z
 2 z1     z2 z1   z2 z1  
1
 z z1  z2 z 2 0   z 2  | z |2 0  2 0 
1
 12 0
=  1  =  1 2
 = 0 2  = 
1 
 0 z2 z 2  z1 z1   0 | z1 |2  | z2 |2    0 2
29. If A and B are two square matrices such that B = –A–1 BA, then show that (A +B)2 = A2 + B2
;fn A vkSj B nks oxZ vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd B = –A–1 BA, rc n'kkZb;s fd (A +B)2 = A2 + B2
Sol. B = – A–1 BA   AB = –AA–1 BA
AB = – BA  AB + BA = 0 (A + B)2 = A2 + B2
30. If the system of equations x = cy + bz, y = az + cx and z = bx + ay has a non-zero solution and at least
one of a, b, c is a proper fraction, prove that a3 + b3 + c3 < 3 and abc > – 1.
;fn lehdj.k fudk; x = cy + bz, y = az + cx rFkk z = bx + ay ds v'kwU; gy gks rFkk a, b, c es de ls de ,d
mfpr fHkUu gks] rks fl) dhft, fd a3 + b3 + c3 < 3 rFkk abc > – 1.
Sol. We have given that system has non-trival solution fn;s x;s lehdj.k fudk; ds v'kwU; gy
1 –c –b
 –c 1 –a = 0  1(1 – a2) + c(– c – ab) – b(ac + b) = 0
–b –a 1
 1 – 2abc – a2 – b2 – c2 = 0  (a + bc)2 = (1 – b2) (1 – c2)
Similarly bl izdkj (b + ac)2 = (1 – a2) (1 – b2), (c + ab)2 = (1 – a2) (1 – b2)
Hence vr% (1 – a2), (1 – b2), (1 – c2)
All have same sign. Since atleast one of them is

lHkh leku fpUg ds gS pwafd blessa ls de ls de 1 – a2 > 0, 1 – b2 > 0, 1 – c2 > 0 gksxk
 a2 + b2 + c2 < 3  1 – 2abc < 3  abc > – 1
31. If D = diag {d1, d2,........., dn}, then prove that f(D) = diag {f(d1), f(d2),........, f(dn)}, where f(x) is a
polynomial with scalar coefficient.
;fn D = diag {d1, d2,........., dn}, rc fl) dhft, fd f(D) = diag {f(d1), f(d2),........, f(dn)}, tgk¡ f(x) vfn'k xq.kkadks
ds lkFk cgqinh; gSA
Sol. Let ekuk f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ......... + an xn
 f(D) = a0 + a1D + a2D2 + ......... + anDn
= a0 × diag {1, 1, ........, 1}
+ a1 × diag {d1, d2, ........., dn}
+ a2 × diag {d12, d22,......, dn2}
.......................................
+ an × diag {d1n, d2n,......., dnn}
= diag {a0 + a1d1 + a2d12 ....... + and1n, ............, a0 + a1dn + andn2 +........ + andnn}
= diag {f(d1), f(d2), ............ f(dn)}.
PAGE NO.-16
 –1 3 5 
32. Given the matrix A =  1 3 5 and X be the solution set of the equation Ax = A, where x  N –
 1 3 5 
x3  1
{1}. Evaluate  3 ; where the continued product extends  x  X.
x –1
 –1 3 5 
x3  1
,d vkO;wg A =  1 3 5  rFkk lehdj.k Ax = A tgk¡ x  N – {1} dk gy lewPp; X gks] rks  3 ;
x –1
 1 3 5 
tgk¡ x  X ds fy, lrr~ xq.kQy gS] ifjdyu dhft,A
 1 3 5   1 3 5  1 3 5
Sol.  
A   1 3 5   1 3
2  5  =  1
 3 5  A
 1 3 5   1 3 5   1 3 5
  Ax = A  x = {2, 3, 4, ............}
 x3  1  (x  1) (x 2  x  1)
 
x 2 x3  1 x 2 (x  1) (x 2  x  1)
3 4 5 6 n (n  1)   3 7 13 n2 –n  1 
= lim  . . . ............   . . ............. 2 
n
1 2 3 4 (n  2) n–1   7 13 21 n  n  1 
n(n  1) 3 3
= lim . 2 = Ans.
n 2 (n  n  1) 2
Comprehension (Q. NO. 33 to 35)

Any non-zero vector, X, is said to be characteristic vector of a matrix A, if there exist a number  such
that AX = X. And then  is said to be a charactristic root of the matrix A corresponding to the
characteristic vector X and vice versa.
Also AX = X  (A – )X = 0
Since X  0  |A – | = 0
Thus every characteristic root  of a matrix A is a root of its characteristic equation.
33. Prove that the two matrices A and P–1 AP have the same characteristic roots and hence show that
square matrices AB & BA have same characteristic roots if at least one of them is invertible.
Sol. P–1AP = B
so B –  = P–1AP –  = P–1AP – P–1P = P–1(A – )P
 |B – | = |P–1| |A – ||P| = |A – |
as P–1 ABP and AB have same characteristic roots by assuming P = A we get
P–1 ABP = A–1 ABA = BA  BA and AB have same characteristic roots.
|A|
34. If q is a characteristic root of a non singular matrix A, then prove that is a characteristic root of a
q
adj A.
Sol. AX = qX  (adj A)(AX) = (adjA)(qX)  |A| X = q(adjA)X
|A|
 |A|X = q(adjA)X  (adjA)x = x
q
35. Show that if 1, 2, ........, n are n characteristic roots of a square matrix A of order n, then the roots of
the matrix A2 be 12, 22,......... n2.
Sol. AX = X   A(AX) = A(X)  2X = AX = X = 2X
 A X =  X hence proved
2 2
vuqPNsn (iz'u la[;k 36 ls 38)
PAGE NO.-17
,d v'kwU; lfn'k X, dks vkO;wg A, dk vfHkyk{kf.kd lfn'k dgk tkrk gS ;fn ,d la[;k bl izdkj fo|eku gS fd
AX = X rFkk  dks vkO;g A dk vfHkyk{kf.kd ewy lfn'k X ds laxr dgk tkrk gS rFkk foykserA
rFkk AX = X  (A – )X = 0
pwafd X  0  |A – | = 0
vr% vkO;wg A dk izR;sd vfHkyk{kf.kd ewy,bldh vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k dk ewy gSA
33. fl) dhft, fd nks vkO;wg A rFkk P–1 AP ds leku vfHkyk{kf.kd ewy gS vr% n'kkZb;s fd oxZ vkO;wg AB vkSj BA ds
Hkh leku vfHkyk{kf.kd gksaxsa ;fn muesa ls de ls de ,d izfryksfe; gSA
Sol. P–1AP = B
vr% B –  = P–1AP –  = P–1AP – P–1P = P–1(A – )P
 |B – | = |P–1| |A – ||P| = |A – |
pwafd P–1 ABP vkSj AB ds leku vfHkyk{kf.kd ewy gS P = A ij
P–1 ABP = A–1 ABA = BA  BA vkSj AB ds leku vfHkyk{kf.kd ewy gSA
|A|
34. ;fn q, ,d O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg A dk vfHkyk{kf.kd ewy gS rc fl) dhft, fd , adj A dk vfHkyk{kf.kd ewy
q
gSA
Sol. AX = qX  (adj A)(AX) = (adjA)(qX)  |A| X = q(adjA)X  |A|X =
q(adjA)X
|A|
 (adjA)x =
q
35. n'kkZb;s fd ;fn 1, 2, ........, n , n Øe dh ,d oxZ vkO;wg A ds n vfHkyk{kf.kd ewy gS
rc vkO;wg A2 ds ewy 12, 22,......... n2 gSA
Sol. AX = X   A(AX) = A(X)  2X = AX = X = 2X
 A2 X = 2X hence proved vr% fl) gqvkA
36. IF threre are three square matrices A, B, C of same order satisying the equation A 3 = A–1 and let
n (n  4)
B  A3 and C  A3 then prove that det(B + C) = 0, n  N
n
leku Øe dh ;fn rhu oxZ vkO;wg A, B, C lehdj.k A3 = A–1 dks larq"B djrs gS rFkk B  A3 vkSj
(n  4)
C  A3 rc fl) dhft, fd det(B + C) = 0, n N
  
   
n3 n3 n3 n3 1 n 2 1  n 2 1 n 2
1 3
Sol. C = A 3.3  (A 3 )3  (A 1)3  A3 =  (A 3 )3   (A )  A3
 
n
C = A 3 = –B
B+C=0  det (B + C) = 0
37. If A is a non-singular matrix satisfying AB – BA = A, then prove that det.(B + I) = det.(B – I)
;fn A ,d O;qRØe.kh; vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd AB – BA = A dks larq"B djrk gS rc fl) dhft,
det.(B + ) = det.(B – )
Sol. |A|  0
Given fn;k x;k gS AB – BA = A
Hence vr% AB = A + BA = A( + B)  |AB| = |A( + B)|  |A||B| = |A| |B + |
 |B + | = |B| ......(1)
& rFkk AB – A = BA  A(B – ) = BA  |A||B – | = |B||A| 
  |B – | = |B| ......(2)
So vr% (1) & (2) |B + | = |B – |
38. If rank is a number associated with a matrix which is the highest order of non-singular sub matrix then
prove that
;fn dksfV ,d la[;k gS tksfd vkO;wg dh mPpre Øe dh O;qRØe.kh; mi vkO;wg gksrh gSA rc fl) dhft, fd
PAGE NO.-18
 1 3 2
(i) Rank of the matrix A =  4 1 0  is 2
 2 7 4 
 1 3 2
vkO;wg A =  4 1 0  dh dksfV 2 gS
 2 7 4 
y  a b c 
(ii) 
If the matrix A =  a yb c  has rank 3, then y  – (a + b + c) and y  0
 a b y  c 
y  a b c 
;fn vkO;wg A =  a y  b c  dh dksfV 3 gks] rks y  – (a + b + c) rFkk y  0

 a b y  c 
(iii) If A & B are two square matrices of order 3 such that rank of matrix AB is two, then atleast one
of A & B is singular.
;fn A vkSj B rhu Øe ds nks oxZ vkO;wg bl izdkj gS fd vkO;wg AB dh dksfV nks gS] rc
A vkSj B esa ls de ls de ,d vO;qRØe.kh; gSA
Sol. (i) |A| = 1 (–4) – 3(16 – 0) – 2 (–28 + 2) = 0
ya b c
(ii) |A| = a y b c
a b yc
1 b c
|A| = (y + a + b + c) 1 yb c
1 b yc
Applying R1  R1 – R3
0 0 y
|A| = (y + a + b + c) 1 y  b c = (y + a + b + c) y2 = 0
1 b yc
If Rank is 3 then y  0 and y + (a + b + c)  0
(iii) | AB | = 0  |A|.|B|=0  Either | A | = 0 or | B | = 0
PAGE NO.-19

Matrices and Determinants Exercise Solutions With Theory

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Matrices and Determinants Exercise Solutions With Theory

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Matrices & Determinant

 a11 a12 a13 ...... a1j ..... a1n 

(ii) Capital letters of English alphabets are used to denote matrices.

This is a matrix of order "m × 1" (or a column matrix of order m)

Note : Diagonal matrix of order n is denoted as Diag (a11, a22, ......ann).

Unit matrix (identity matrix) :

Lower triangular matrix :

 sin  1/ 2  1/ 2 sin  

Multiplication of matrix by scalar :

Note : If A is a scalar matrix, then A = , where  is a diagonal entry of A

Properties of addition & scalar multiplication :

  2 –2 8 0     10 –10  –16 0  

Properties of matrix multiplication :

63 46 69  –23 –46 –69   –40 0 0 

Self practice problems :

Let A =[aij]m × n. Then the transpose of A is denoted by A( or AT ) and is defined as

A = [bij]n × m where bij = aji  i & j.

Results : (i) For any matrix A = [aij]m × n, (A) = A

(ii) Let  be a scalar & A be a matrix. Then (A) = A

(v) Let A = [aij]m × p & B = [bij]p × n , then (AB) = BA

Symmetric & skew-symmetric matrix : A square matrix A is said to be symmetric if A = A

Thus, B is represented as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix.

Example # 8 : Show that BAB is symmetric or skew-symmetric according as A is symmetric or skew-

Self practice problems :

Determinant of a square matrix :

Minors & Cofactors :

Determinant of any order :

Self practice problems

Properties of cofactor A and adj A :

Inverse of a matrix (reciprocal matrix) :

Elementary row transformation of matrix :

Step II : Apply a sequence of row operation on A = IA till we get, I = BA.

(ii) Using column transformations :

System of linear equations & matrices : Consider the system

System of linear equations and matrix inverse:

Self practice problems:

 4 –1  0 –1 0 –2

Method fo/kh – 2 (mathematical Induction xf.krh; vkxeu fl)kUr ls)

A-8. Let A = [aij]n × n where aij = i2 – j2 . Show that A is skew-symmetric matrix.

Hindi. C = ABAT tgk¡ BT = – B

Section (B) : Determinant of Matrix

B-2. Using the properties of determinants, evalulate:

103 115 114 113 116 104 13  3 2 5 5

103 115 114 113 116 104

B-3. Prove that :

B-5. Find the non  zero roots of the equation,     

Section (C) : Cofactor matrix, adj matrix and inverse of matrix

C-2. (i) Prove that (adj adj A) = |A|n–2 A

Hindi. (i) ge tkurs gSa fd A. adj A = |A| .  vkSj |adj A| = |A|n – 1

(ii) ge tkurs gSa fd |adj A| = |A|n – 1

Section (D) : Charactristic equation and system of equations

D-4. Apply Cramer's rule to solve the following simultaneous equations.

D-6. Find those values of c for which the equations:

rFkk c ds bu ekuksa ds fy, Åij nh xbZ lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft,A

this gives c = 0 and c = – 10

D-7. Solve the following systems of linear equations by matrix method.

Ans. (i) x = 2, y = 2, z = 2 (ii) x = 1, y = 3, z = 5

D-8. Investigate for what values of ,  the simultaneous equations

(i) vf}rh; gy ds fy,  0    3

characterstic equation of matrix A is x 2 + x + m = 0.

vkO;wg A dk vfHkyk{kf.kd lehdj.k x2 + x + m = 0 gSA

Now b(a + d + ) = 0, c(a + d + ) = 0

pwafd A vfn'k ugha gS blfy, b, c es ls de ls de ,d v'kwU; gS a + d + = 0   = –(a + d)