MATHEMATICS

Class 9 th
Solved Theorem
Exercises
Chapter 10 to 16
YS HIGH
O
B
SC
N IS AT

H OOL
H

UNITY FAITH

IS
D

C I PL I N
M
ULTAN

Name:

Class: Section:

Roll No .

Subject Teacher

NISHAT BOYS HIGH SCHOOL

Pir Khurshid Colony Branch Multan
 Chapter # 10
Exercise# 10.1
Q.No.1 B
In the given figure
AB ~= CB , 1 =~ 2
prove that ABD =~ CBE
Given:‐ Figure:‐ E D

AB =~ CB F
1 ~= 2 2

1
To Prove :‐ A C

ABD ~= CBE
PROOF: Statements Reasons
ABD CBE
AB ~= CB Given
1 ~= 2 Given
B ~= B Common
ABD ~= CBE S.A.A =~ S.A.A

Q.No.2 A
From a point on a bisector of an angle
perpendiculars are drawn to the arm of R
the angle , Prove that these perpendiculars
P X
are equal in measurement.

Given:‐ O Q B
Any point P is on ox , the bisector of AOB. From point
P,
PR OA
and PQ OB
To Prove:
PQ ~= PR
2
PROOF: Statements Reasons
In POQ POR
OP ~= OP Common
PQO ~= PRO Each 90o , (Given)
POQ ~= POR Given
POQ ~= POR S.A.A ~
= S.A.A
PQ ~= PR Corresponding sides of
congruent triangles

Q.No.3 A

In a triangle ABC , the bisector of

B and C meet at point I
Prove that I is equidistant from F
E
I
the three sides of ABC

Given:‐
In ABC B D C

BI bisector of B and CI bisector of C meet at point I .

To Prove:‐
Point I is equidistant from three sides of ABC
i.e. ID ~= IF ~= IE
Construction : ‐
From I , draw IF AB, IE CA and ID BC.
Proof Statements Reasons
ID ~= IF 1 A point on bisector of an angle is
equidistant from its arms
Similarly
ID ~= IE 2
IE ~= IF 3
So,
ID ~= IE ~= IF From 1 , 2 and 3
So , point I is equidistant from
three sides of ABC
3
 Exercise# 10.2 A
Q.No.1
Prove that any two medians of an
equilateral triangle are equal in F E
measure. Figure:‐ G

Given:‐ ABC is equilateral triangle

i.e AB =~ BC =~ CA
B C
BE and CF are two medians of ABC

To Prove :‐
BE ~= CF
Proof: Statements Reasons
In BCF CBE
BC ~= BC Common
FBC ~= ECB Angles opposite to congruent
sides (Given)
BF ~= EC Halves of congruent sides AB and
AC of ABC (Given)
BCF ~= CBE S.A.S postulate
Hence
BE ~= CF Corresponding sides of congruent
triangles

Q.No.2
Prove that a point , which is equidistant P
from the end points of a line segment
on a right bisector of line segment
Figure:‐
Given:‐
A C B
AB is a linesegment , Point P is such that
PA ~= PB
4
To Prove :‐
Point P is on the right bisector of AB
Construction:‐
Join P to C , the midpoint of AB
Proof: Statements Reasons
ACP BCP
PA ~= PB Given
PC ~= PC Common
AC ~= BC Construction
ACP ~= BCP S.S.S ~
= S.S.S

ACP ~= BCP (1) Corresponding angles of congruent

triangles
But m ACP+m BCP=1800 (2) Supplementary angles postulate
0
m ACP=m BCP = 90 from 1 and 2
or 0
PC AB (3) m ACP = 90 (Proved)
Also
CA ~
= CB (4) Construction
PC is right bisector of AB i.e point
P is on right bisector of AB

Exercise# 10.3
Q.No.1 D C
In the figure , 4
Figure:‐ 3
AB =~ DC , AD ~= BC
Prove that 2
A =~ C 1
ABC ~= ADC A B

Given:‐
AB ~= DC , AD ~= BC
To Prove:‐
A ~= C
ABC =~ ADC
5
Proof: Statements Reasons
In ABD BCD
AB ~= CD Given
AD ~= BC Given
BD ~= BD Common
Thus
ABD ~= BCD S.S.S ~= S.S.S
A ~= C (1) Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
1 ~= 4 (2) Alternate angles
2 =~ 3 (3)
m 1+ m 2 = m 3+ m 4 adding (2) and (3)
m ABC = m ADC from 1 , 2 and , 3
Hence , ABC ~= ADC
Q.No.2
In the figure , LN =~ MP ,
MN =~ LP N P
Prove that
N ~= P , NML ~= PLM
Figure:‐
Given:‐
In fig , LN ~= MP , MN ~= LP
L M
To Prove:‐
N =~ P
NML =~ PLM
Proof: Statements Reasons
In LMN LMP
LN ~= MP Given
MN ~= LP Given
LM ~= LM Common
Thus
LMN ~= LMP S.S.S =~ S.S.S
N =~ P Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
NML ~= PLM Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
6
Q.No.3 C
Prove that the median bisecting
the base of an isosceles triangle 1
2
bisects the vertex angle and is
perpendicular to the base.
Figure:‐ 3 4

A D B
Given:‐
An isosceles triangle ABC.CD is median of vertex angle
C is vertex angle and bisecting AB. i.e AD ~= BD

To Prove:‐
1 ~= 2
CD AB (i.e m 3 = m 4 =900)
Proof: Statements Reasons
In ADC BCD
AC ~= BC Given
AD ~= BD Given
CD ~= CD Common

ACD ~= BCD S.S.S =~ S.S.S

1 =~ 2 Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
3 =~ 4 (1) Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
m 3 + m 4 = 1800 (2) Supplementary angles postulate
0
m 3 = m 4 = 90 form 1 and 2

Exercise# 10.4 P
Q.No.1
In PAB of figure ,
PQ AB and PA =~ PB
Prove that
AQ =~ BQ and APQ ~= BPQ Figure:‐
A Q B
7
Given:‐
In PAB , PQ AB and PA ~= PB
To Prove:‐
AQ =~ BQ and
APQ =~ BPQ
Proof: Statements Reasons
In APQ BPQ
AQP ~= BQP Given
PA ~= PB Given
PQ ~= PQ Common
Thus
APQ ~= BPQ H.S =~ H.S
AQ ~= BQ Corresponding sides of congruent
triangles
So
APQ ~= BPQ Corresponding angle of congruent
triangles
Q.No.2
In the Figure , m C = m D = 900
and BC =~ AD
Prove that
AC =~ BD and BAC ~= ABD D C

Figure:‐
A B

Given:‐ 0
m C = m D = 90
and BC = AD
To Prove:‐
AC =~ BD and BAC ~= ABD

8
Proof: Statements Reasons
In ABD ABC
0
m C = m D Each of 90 (Given)
BC ~= AD Given
AB ~= AB Common
Thus
ABD ~= ABC H.S =~ H.S
So,
AC ~= BD Corresponding sides of congruent
triangles
BAC ~= ABC Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
Hence proved
Q.No.3
0
In the Figure m B = m D = 90 and AD =~ BC
Prove that D C
ABCD is a rectangle.

Given:‐ Figure:‐
0
m B = m D = 90
and AD =~ BC A B
To Prove:‐
ABCD is a rectangle Construction:‐ Join A to C.
Proof: Statements Reasons
In ABC ADC
0
m B = m D (1) Each of 90 (Given)
AC ~= AC Common
BC ~= AD (2) Given
Thus
ABC ~= ADC H.S =~ H.S
So,
AB ~= CD (3) Corresponding sides of congruent
triangles
A ~= C (4) In a quadrilateral if two opposite
angles are right angle. Then other
two opposite angles are also right angle.
From (1) (2) (3) and (4) it is obvious
that ABCD is a rectangle.
9
 Review Exercise# 10
Q.No.1 Which of the following are true and which are false ?
(i) A ray has two end points False
(ii) In a triangle , there can be only one right angle True
(iii) Three points are said to be collinear if they lie on same line. True
(iv) Two parallel lines intersect at a point False
(v) Two lines can intersect only at one point True
(vi) A triangle of congruent sides has non congruent angles. False
M

Q.No.2
If ABC ~= LMN , then 0
30
(I) m M = m B C

(ii) m N = m C 0
60
(iii) m A = m L
0
60
0
30
L N
A B
Q.No.3
In ABC =~ LMN , then find the unknown “x”
C
M L
0
0 0 60
80 40

0 0 0
x 40 80

A B
N

Solution:‐
Given that
ABC =~ LMN so , corresponding angles must be congruent hence
m N =m C
and x0 = 600
10
Q.No.4 A
Find the value of unknowns for the
given congruent triangles
Solution:‐ 0

According to definition of congruent triangles (5x+5)

m B = m C 55
0

55 0 = (5x+5)0 B 5m ‐3 D 2m +6 C

550‐50 = 5x 0
500 = 5x 0
5x0 = 500 => x0 = 10
0

5 5
and
mBD = mCD
5m ‐ 3 = 2m + 6
5m ‐ 2m = 6+3 A
3m =9
m =9
3cm
3
Y‐1
m = 3
Q.No.5 0
In PQR ~= ABC , then B
90

find the unknowns.

Solution:‐
Z
According to definition of congruent triangles
Corresponding sides and angles are congruent
Q
m PR = m AC
5 = y‐1 0
x C
90
5+1 = y P
y = 6 cm 4cm
m AB = m PQ
x = 3 cm 5cm

m BC = m QR
z = 4cm R
11
 Chapter # 11
Q.No.1 Exercise# 11.1 D C
One angle of a parallelogram
is 1300. Find the measures of
its remaining angles.
Figure:‐ 0
130

Given:‐ A B
0
In parallelogram ABCD , m B = 130
To Find:‐
Measure of A , C , D
Proof: Statements Reasons
m B = 130
0
Given
m D = 130
0
opposite angles of parallelogram

and
m B + m C = 1800 Corresponding angles.
so
1300+m C = 1800
m C = 1800 ‐ 1300
m C = 500
so m A = 500 Opposite angles of parallelogram

Q.No.2 D C
One exterior angle formed on producing 4 3
one side of a parallelogram is 400 find
the measures of its interior angles.
Figure:‐ 1 2 400
Given:‐ A B E
0
In parallelogram ABCD , AB is produced to give an exterior angle of 40
To Find:‐
To find measurements of interior angles i.e
m 1,m 2,m 3,m 4
12
Proof: Statements Reasons
0
m CBE = 40 Given
0
m 2 = 140 Supplementary angles postulate
and
m 2 = m 4 = 1400 Opposite angles of parallelogram
now are congruent
m 2 + m 3 = 1800 Corresponding angles
1400 + m 3 = 1800
0
m 3 = 40
and 0
m 1 = 40 Opposite angles of parallelogram

Exercise# 11.2
Q.No.1 D C
Prove that a quadrilateral is a
parallelogram if its
O
(a) opposite angles are congruent
(b) diagonals bisect each other.
Figure:‐
A B
Given:‐
ABCD is a quadrilateral. AC and BD are its diagonals which bisect
each other at point “O” i.e AO ~= CO and DO ~= BO
and [ BAD =~ DCB and ABC =~ ADC ] (i)
To Prove:
ABCD is a parallelogram i.e AB II DC and AD II BC.

Proof: Statements Reasons

In ABO DCO
AO ~= CO Given
AOB ~= COD Vertical angles
BO ~= DO Given
ABO ~= DCO S.A.S ~= S.A.S
OAB ~= OCD Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
OBA ~= ODC Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
13
 Statements Reasons
AB II DC (2) Alternate angles are congruent
Now
AOD BOC
AO ~= CO Given
DOA ~= COB Vertical angles
DO ~= BO Given
DOA ~= BOC S.A.S =~ S.A.S
OAD ~= OCB Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
ODA ~= OBC Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
AD II BC (3) Alternate angles are congruent
From (1) and (2) , (3) It is proved
that ABCD is a parallelogram

Q.No.2 D C
Prove that a quadrilateral is a
parallelogram if its opposite Figure:‐
sides are congruent.
Given:‐ A B

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD =~ BC and DC ~= AB.

To Prove:
ABCD is a parallelogram i.e AD II BC and DC II AB.
Construction:‐
Join A and C.
Proof: Statements Reasons
In ACD ABC
AD ~= BC Given
DC ~= AB Given
AC ~= AC Common
ACD ~= ABC S.S.S =~ S.S.S
DAC ~= BCA corresponding angles of congruent
and triangles
DCA ~= BAC Alternate angles are congruent
DC II AB
Similarly AD II BC
14
 Exercise# 11.3
Q.No.1 D H C
Prove that the line segments joining
the midpoints of the opposite sides of
a quadrilateral bisect each other. E G
M

Figure:‐
Given:‐ A F B
ABCD is a quadrilateral in which E,F,G and H are mid‐points of the
sides AD , AB , BC and CD respectively . EG and FH meet at point M.
To Prove:‐
EG and FH bisect each other. i.e. EM =~ MG and FM =~ MH
Construction:‐
Join E , F , G and H. Join A to C
Proof: Statements Reasons
In ADC , E and H are mid
points of side AD and DC
EH II AC (i) Construction
In ACB , G and F are mid Given
points of side AB and BC In a the line segments which
meet the mid points of the two
sides will be II to the third side.
FG II AC (ii)
So, FG II EH From (i) & (ii)
Similarly,
EF II GH
EFGH is a parallelogram.
In HEF HGF
HE =~ FG Opposite sides of parallelogram
HEF ~= HGE Opposite angles of II gram.
EF ~= HG Opposite sides of parallelogram
HEF ~= HGF S.A.S =~ S.A.S
hence
EM ~= GM Corresponding sides of congruent
triangles.
Similarly HM ~= FM
15
Q.No.2
Prove that the line segments
D R C
joining the mid‐paints of the
opposite sides of a rectangle
are the right‐bisectors of each S Q
other Figure:‐
A P B
Given:‐
ABCD is a rectangle P , Q , R and S are midpoints of AB , BC , CD and
DA respectively.

To Prove:‐
PR and QS bisect each other perpendicularly.
Construction:‐
Join P , Q , R , S in order.
Proof: Statements Reasons
mPB = ½ mAB Given
mRC = ½ mDC Given
but mAB = mDC Opposite sides of rectangle
mPB = mRC , similarly ,
mBQ = mCQ
Now , in PBQ RCQ
PB ~= RC Proved
BQ =~ CQ Proved
B ~= C Right angles of a rectangle
PBQ =~ RCQ S.S.A =~ S.S.A
so, PQ =~ RQ Corresponding sides of congruent
triangles.
similarly , PQ =~ RS ~= SP =~ RQ

Hence , PQRS is either a square or a rhombus , whose diagonal

bisect each other perpendicularly , therefore , PR and QS bisects each
other perpendicularly.

16
Q.No.3
Prove that the line segment
passing through the mid‐point of
one side and parallel to another side A
of a triangle also bisects the third side.
D 1 E
2 F
Figure:‐
B C
Given:‐
In ABC , D is mid‐point of AB and DE II BC

To Prove:‐
E is the mid‐point of AC or AE =~ CE

Construction:‐
Draw CF II BA which meets extended DE at F

Proof: Statements Reasons

DF II BC Given
CF II BD Construction
BCFD is a parallelogram
BD =~ CF (1) Opposite sides of Parallelogram
But BD =~ AD (2) Given
~
AD = CF From (1) and (2)
In ADE CFE
1 =~ 2 Vertical angles
A =~ ECF Alternate angles
AD =~ CF Proved
ADE =~ CFE A.A.S. =~ A.A.S.
AE =~ CE Corresponding sides of
i.e. E is the mid‐point of AC congruent triangles

17
 Exercise# 11.4
Q.No.1
The distances of the point of concurrency
of the medians of the triangle from A
its vertices are respectively 1.2cm , 1.4cm
and 1.6 cm . Find the lengths of its medians
D F
Figure:‐ G

B E C
Calculation:‐
Since, the medians of the triangle bisect each other in the ratio
of 2:1, so

(i) mEG = ½ mAG = 12 (1.2)cm = 0.6cm

mAE = mEG + mAG
= (0.6+1.2) cm
= 1.8 cm

(ii) mFG = 1
2 mBG = 1 (1.4)cm = 0.7cm
2
mBF = mFG + mBG = 0.7+1.4
= 2.1 cm
(iii) mDG = 1
2 mCG
= 1 2 (1.6)cm = 0.8 cm
mCD = mDG + mCG
= 0.8 + 1.6
= 2.4 cm

18
Q.No.2
Prove that the point of concurrency
A
of the medians of a triangle and the
triangle which is made by joining the
midpoints of its sides is the same. D K F
G
Figure:‐
L M

B E C
Given:‐
In ABC , G is a point of con‐currency of its medians. DEF is
another triangle made by joining midpoints D , E , F of AB , BC , AC
respectively.

To Prove:‐
Point G is also point of con‐currency of DEF.

Proof: Statements Reasons

D and F are midpoints of
AB and AC respectively. Given

DF II BC or DF II BE line segment joining midpoints of

two sides of a triangle is parallel to
its third side
(Theorom 11.1.3)

Similarly, EF II BA or EF II BD
BEFD is a parallelogram
L is midpoint of DE Diagonals of parallelogram bisect
each other
FL is a median of DEF

Similarly DM and EK are also medians of DEF which are meeting

at G.
Hence , G is also a point of concurrency of DEF.
19
 Exercise# 11.5
Q.No.1
In the given figure , Ax II BY II CZ II DU II EV and
AB =~ BC =~ CD ~= DE if mMN = 1cm, then find the length
of LQ and LN

Figure:‐ A L X

B M Y

C N Z

D P U

E Q V

Given:‐
AX II BY II CZ II DU II EV
and AB =~ BC =~ CD =~ DE ,
mMN = 1cm
To Prove:‐
To find mLQ and m LN.
Proof: Statements Reasons
AX II By II CZ II DU II EV Given
AB ~= BC =~ CD =~ DE Given
LQ is another transversal Given
LM ~= MN =~ NP =~ PQ
Now,
mMN = 1cm Given
mLM = mMN = mNP = mPQ = 1 cm
Hence,
mLQ = 1+1+1+1 = 4 cm
Similarly,
mLN = 1+1 = 2 cm

20
 Review Exercise# 11
Q.No.1 Fill in the blanks.
(i) In a parallelogram opposite sides are congruent.
(ii) In a parallelogram opposite angles are congruent.
(iii) Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other at a point.
(iv) Medians of a triangle are concurrent.
(v) Diagonals of parallelogram divides the parallelogram into two
congruent triangle.
A B
Q.No.2 In parallelogram ABCD. 2
1

(i) mAB = mDC

(ii) mBC = mAD 3
(iii) m 1 = m 3 4
D C
(iv) m 2 = m 4
Q.No.3 Find the unknowns in the given figure:‐

m0 n0

0
75
0
x
y0

In a parallelogram , opposite angles are congruent

0 0
so , n = 75
0 0
and y = 75 ( Alternate angles )
x 0 + 75 0 = 180 0 (Supplementary angles postulate)
x0 = 1800 ‐ 750
x = 105
0 0
so,
0 0
Then, m = 105 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are
congruent)

21
Q.No.4 In the given figure ABCD is a D C
parallelogram , them find (5m+10) 0 11x0
x , m.
0
55

Solution:‐ A B

In a parallelogram , opposite angles are congruent.

So, 0
55 = 11x0
0
55 = 11x0
11 11
x = 5
0 0

Since, m A + m B =1800 (Corresponding angles)

550 + m B = 1800
m B = 1800‐550
m B = 1250
0
Similarly, (5m+10) = 1250 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram)
0 0
5m0 = ‐10 +125
5m0 = 1150
0
m0 = 115 = 230
5
Q.No.5 The given figure LMNP is a
parallelogram. Find the value P 8 N
of m, n. 0
55
4m+n

10

0
55

Calculation:‐ L 8m‐4n M

We know that in a parallelogram ,

opposite sides are congruent.
22
so, 8m ‐ 4n = 8 (i)

and 4m + n = 10 (ii)
Multiplying by “4”
16m + 4n = 40 (iii)
(Adding equ. (i) & (iii) )

8m ‐ 4n = 8
16m + 4n = 40
24m = 48
m = 48/24
m = 2
(Putting value of “m” in equ. (i) )
8 (2) ‐ 4n = 8
16 ‐ 4n = 8
16 ‐ 8 = 4n
8 = 4n
8 2 = 4n
4 4
n = 2
Q.No.6 In the question 5 , sum of the opposite angles of the
0
parallelogram is 110 , find the remaining angles.

Solution:‐
Given that , m L = 550
So, 0
m M = 125 (corresponding angles)
And hence , m M = m P (opposite angles of a parallelogram)
So, m P = 1250

23
 Chapter # 12
Exercise# 12.1
Q.No.1 Prove that the centre is on the A B
right bisectors of each of its chords

Given:‐ Figure:‐ O

In a circle of centre “O” AB is a chord

To Prove:‐
“O” lies on right bisectors of each of its chords.
Construction:‐
Join O to A and B
Proof: Statements Reasons
mOA = mOB Radii of same circle
‘O’ lies on the right bisector of AB Point which is equidistant from
Similary , O lies on the right end points of line segment is on the
besector of any other chord. right bisector of that line segment.

Q.No.2 Where will be the centre of a circle A

passing through three non‐collinear

points ? and why?
O

Figure:‐
B C
Answer:‐
If three non‐collinear points are A , B and C then the point
equidistant from A , B and C will be the point O , where the right
bisectors of AB , BC and CA meet , hence , with centre O and radius
OA , the required circle can be drawn because in ABC the right
bisectors of its sides are concurrent and their point of intersection
O is equidistant from the vertices A , B & C of triangle.
24
Q.No.3 Three villages P , Q three villages.

Given:‐ C P
Three villages A , B and C are not
on the same line. Figure:‐ M D Q

To Prove:‐
AD =~ BD =~ CD A L B

Construction:‐
Join A to B and C. Draw right bisectors LP and MQ of AB and AC
respectively which meet each other at Point ‘D’. Join ‘D’ to A,B and C.
Proof: Statements Reasons
In DAL DBL
AL ~= BL Construction
0
ALD =~ BLD Each of 90 ( construction )
DL ~= DL Common
DAL ~= DBL S.A.S =~ S.A.S
DA =~ DB (1) Corresponding sides of congruent
triangles.
Similarly
DA =~ DC (2)
so, DA =~ DB ~= DC From (1) and (2)
Hence ‘D’ is the point which is
equidistant from A,B and C.

Exercise# 12.2
Q.No.1 In a quadrilateral ABCD AB =~ BC
Q C
and the right bisectors of AD , CD D

meet each other at point N , prove N

that BN is a bisector of ABC P

Figure:‐
A B
25
Given:‐
In a quadrilateral ABCD , AB ~= BC and the right bisectors of AD , CD
meet at point N.
To Prove:‐
BN is a bisector of ABC i.e. ABN ~= CBN.
Proof: Statements Reasons
AN =~ DN (i) NP is a right bisector of AD (given)
similarly CN ~= DN (ii) (i) and (ii) gives us that AN ~= CN
ABN CBN
AN =~ CN Proved
AB =~ BC Given
NB =~ NB Common
ABN =~ CBN S.S.S ~= S.S.S.
ABN =~ CBN Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles.
Q.No.2 The bisectors of A , B and C of a quadrilateral ABCP meet
each other at point O. Prove that the bisector of P will also
pass through point O. P M C

Given:‐ Figure:‐
N O
In quadrilateral ABCP, AO ,BO and CO , the bisectors L

of A , B and C respectively meet each other at O. A K B

To Prove:‐
The bisector of P will also pass through O.
Construction:‐
Draw OK AB and OL BC , OM PC and ON AP
Statement Reasons
AO is a bisector of A (Given)
OK =~ ON (1) (Any point on the bisector of an angle
Similarly, is equidistant from its arms)
and OK =~ OL (2)
OL =~ OM (3)
Comparing (1) , (2) & (3)
ON ~= OM
Hence , O lies on the bisector P
26
Q.No.3 Prove that the right bisectors A

of congruent sides of an isosceles

3 4
triangle and its altitude are
concurrent. D
1
E
Figure:‐ 2

5 6

Given:‐ B F C
In ABC , AB =~ AC . OD and OE are right bisectors of AB and AC
respectively which meet each other at Point “O”.
To Prove:‐
Perpendicular from A to BC will pass through point “O”.
Construction:‐
Join A with O and produce it to meet BC at F.

Proof: Statements Reasons

In ADO AEO
m 1 = m 2 = 90 0 each is 900
AO ~= AO Common
and AD =~ AE Halves of congruent sides AB & AC
(given)
ADO =~ AEO H.S =~ H.S
3 =~ 4 Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
Now, In ABF ACF
AB =~ AC Given
3 ~= 4 Proved
AF =~ AF Common
ABF =~ ACF S.A.S postulate
~
5 = 6 (i) Corresponding angles of congruent
triangles
0
but m 5 + m 6 = 180 (ii) supplementary angles
0
m 5 = m 6 = 90 From (i) and (ii)
Hence, AF is altitude from A to
BC through O.

27
Q.No.4 Prove that the altitudes of a Q A P
D F
triangle are concurrent
Figure:‐ B
Given:‐ E C

In Triangle ABC , AE BC , BF AC and CD AB

To Prove:‐
R
AE , BF and CD are concurrent ,
Construction:‐
Through A , B and C , draw PQ II BC. QR II AC and PRII AB which
form a triangle PQR
Proof: Statements Reasons
AB II PC Construction
BC II AP Construction
ABCP is a parallelogram
AB =~ CP
Similarly , AB =~ CR
CP =~ CR
i.e. C is midpoint of PR (1)
Also CD AB (Given)
and PR II AB (Construction)
CD PR (2)
Hence, CD is perpendicular bisector of PR (From (1) & (2)
Similarly, BF and AE are perpendicular bisectors of QR
and PQ respectively.
Perpendicular bisectors of a triangle are concurrent
AE , BF and CD are concurrent

Exercise# 12.3
Q.No.1 Prove that the bisectors of the angles of base of an isosceles
triangle intersect each other on its altitude. A
Given:‐ 1 2
ABC is an isosceles triangle. i.e. AB =~ AC. bisectors of
B and C meet each other at point I.
To Prove:‐ Figure:‐ I

Altitude from A to BC will also passthrough I. 3 4

Construction:‐ B D C
Join A to I and extend it to meet BC at D.
28
Proof: Statements Reasons
Bisectors of three angles of a triangle are concurrent.
Bisector of A will also pass through “I”
i.e. AD is the bisector of A
1 =~ 2
In ABD ACD
~
AB = AC (Given)
1 =~ 2 (Proved)
AD ~= AD (Common)
ABD =~ ACD (S.A.S Postulate)
3 =~ 4 (Corresponding angles
of congruent triangles)
0
But m 3 + m 4 = 180 (Supplementary angles)
0
m 3 = m 4 = 90
i.e. AD is the altitude which is passing through “I” the
point of intersecting of bisectors of B and C.

Q.No.2 Prove that the bisectors of two exterior

and third interior angle of a triangle of a A
triangle are concurrent.
Figure:‐
Given:‐ B G C
ABC is a triangle. CI is a bisector of Q
P R
BCE and BI is a bisector of CBD meet at I. I
D
To Prove:‐ E

The bisectors of A will also pass through point I .

Construction:‐
Draw IQ , IP and IR perpendicular to BC and extended AB , AC
respectively.
Proof: Statements Reasons
IB is bisector of B
IP ~= IQ (Any point on the bisector of an
angle is equidistant from its arms)
Similarly,
IQ ~= IR
IP ~= IR
Hence, I lies on the interior bisector of A.

29
 Review Exercise# 12
Q.No.1 Which of the following are true and which are false ?
(I) Bisection means to divide into two equal parts ______.
T
(ii) Right bisection of line segment means to draw perpendicular
which passes through the midpoint ______.T
(iii) Any point on the right bisector of a line segment is not
F
equidistant from its end points ______.
(iv) Any point equidistant from the end points of a line segment
T
is on the right bisector of it ________.
F
(v) The right bisectors of the sides of a triangle are not concurrent__.
T
(vi) The bisectors of the angles of a triangle are concurrent ____.
(vii) Any point on the bisector of an angle is not equidistant from
F
its arms ____.
(viii) Any point inside an angle, equidistant from its arms, is on the
bisector of it _____.
T
Q.No.2 If CD is right bisector of line segment AB , then C
O
A B
(i) mOA = mOB
(ii) mAQ = mQB

Q.No.3 Define the following :‐ Q

D
1) Bisector of a line segment:‐
A line “l” is called a bisector of a line segment if “l” passes
through midpoint of that line segment. l

i.e mAM = mBM

A M B
2) Bisector of an angle:‐ (Angle bisector):‐
Angle bisector is a ray which divides an angle into two
equal parts. A

C
i.e m AOC = m BOC
O B
30
Q.No.4 The given triangle ABC is equilateral triangle and AD is bisector
of A , then find the values of unknown x 0 , y0 and z0 .
Solution:‐ A
We know that in an equilateral
xo yo
triangle all angles are congruent to
each other.
So,
0 0 0
m B = 60 z = 60
0
m C = 60 zo
0
m A = 60 B D C

as given that AD is bisector of angle “A”

So, 0 0
m BAD = x = 30
0 0
m CAD = y = 30
Q.No.5 In the given congruent triangles LMO and LNO, find the
unknowns x and m. L

2x+6 18

M m O 12 N
Solution:‐
Given that , LMO and LNO are congruent , it means all
corresponding elements will be congruent.
mOM = mON
So, m = 12
and mLM = mLN
2x+6 = 18
2x = 18‐6
2x = 12 6
2x = 12
2 2
x = 6
31
Q.No.6 CD is the right bisector of the line segment AB.
(i) If mAB = 6cm , then find the mAL and mLB. C
(ii) If mBD = 4cm , then find mAD.

L B
A

D
Solution:‐
(i) Given that CD is right bisector of AB it means CD divides AB into
two equal parts ,
So,
if mAB = 6cm 3
then , mAL = mLB = 6 cm
2
mAL = mLB = 3 cm

(ii) “D” is a point on right bisector of “AB”, so , D will be equidistant

from endpoints A and B of line segment AB ,

so, mAD = 4cm

32
 Chapter # 13
Exercise# 13.1
Q.No.1 Two sides of a triangle measure 10 cm and 15 cm which of the
following measure is possible for the third side ?
(i) 5 cm (ii) 20 cm (iii) 25 cm (iv) 30 cm
Answer: Possible measure of third side is 20 cm because
i) Sum of measures of two sides of a triangle is greater in measure
than the third side.
(ii) Difference of measures of two sides of a triangle is less than the
measure of its third side.
(iii) Sum or difference of measures of two sides of a triangle is never
equal to the measure of its third side.
Q.No.2 “O” is an interior point of ABC.
Shaw that
mOA + mOB + mOC > 1
2 (mAB+mBC+mCA) A

Figure:‐
O

Given:‐ B C

Point “O” lies inside ABC. “O” is joined to A , B , C

To Prove :‐
mOA + mOB + mOC > ½ (mAB + mBC + mCA)
Proof:‐
Sum of measures of two sides of a triangles is greater than
measure of its third side.
In AOB , mOA + mOB > mAB (i)
Similarly
In BOC ,mOB + mOC > mBC (ii)
33
 and
In AOC , mOA + mOC > mAC (iii)
Adding (i) (ii) & (iii)
mOA + mOB + mOB + mOC + mOA + mOC > mAB + mBC + mCA
2 (mOA + mOB + mOC) > (mAB + mBC + mCA)
“or”
mOA + mOB + mOC > ½ (mAB + mBC + mCA)
Q.No.3 In ABC , m B = 70 0 and m C = 45 0 which of the sides of the
triangle is longest and which is the shortest ? A
650
Figure:‐
Calculations:‐
Since sum of angles of a triangle = 1800 45 0 0
70
0
m A + m B + m C =180 C B
0
m A = 180 ‐ m B ‐ m C
m A = 180 0 ‐70 0 ‐ 45 0
0
m A = 65
0 0
45 is the minimum and 70 is the maximum value of angles in
the triangle.
Side opposite to 45 0 is the shortest and side opposite to 70 0 is
the longest i.e AB is the shortest side and AC is the longest side.

Q.No.4 Prove that in right angled triangle the hypotenuse is longer than
each of other two sides. A

Given:‐
0
In ABC , m B = 90 (i)

To Prove:‐
m AC > mAB & mAC > mBC
C B
34
Proof:‐
0
Sum of three angles of a triangle is 180 .
m A + m B + m C = 1800
(as m B = 900)
So, m A + 900 + m C = 1800
m A + m C = 900
i.e. m A < 900 (ii)
0
m C < 90 (iii)
Hence ,
m B >m A
m B >m C }from (i) , (ii) , (iii)
Side opposite to largest angle is longer than side opposite to shorter angle
mAC > mBC and mAC > mAB
Q.No.5 In the triangular Figure , AB > AC . BD
and CD are the bisectors of B and C
respectively. A

Prove that BD > DC

Figure:‐ D

2 1
B C
Given:‐
In triangular fig , AB > AC , BD and
CD are the bisectors of B and C respectively

To Prove:‐
BD > DC

Proof: Statements Reasons

AB > AC Given
then C > B angle opposite to greater side is greater
and 1 > 2 half of C and B (given that BD and
BC are bisectors of
C and B.
hence BD > CD Side opposite to greater angle is greater
35
 Exercise# 13.2 P

Q.No.1 In figure, P is any point and AB

is a line. Which of the following
is the shortest distance between 0
600 90
point P and AB Figure:‐
0
30 900 700
A L M N O B

mPN is the shortest distance between point P and AB because it

is Perpendicular to line AB . Choice “C” is correct.
P
Q.No.2 In figure P is any point lying away
from the line AB. Then m PL
will be shortest distance if.
Figure:‐
0
Choice (C) is correct i.e. m PLA = 90 A L B
P
Q.No.3 In figure PL is perpendicular
to line AB and mLN > mLM
Prove that mPN > mPM.
Figure:‐
Given:‐ 1
2 3
In figure PL AB and mLN > mLM A
L M N B
To Prove:‐
mPN > mPM
Proof:‐
Exterior angle of a triangle is greater than opposite interior angle
In PLM,
m 1>m 2
m 2 = 900 (Given)
0
So, m 1 > 90
But sum of three angles of a triangle = 180 0
In PMN,
m 3 < 900 i.e. m 1>m 3
Side opposite to greater angle is larger than side opposite is smaller to
smaller angle
mPN > mPM
36
 Review Exercise# 13
Q.No.1 Which of the following are true and which are false ?
(I) The angle opposite to the longer side is greater. T
(ii) In a right ‐angled triangle greater angle is of 600. F
(iii) In an isosceles right ‐ angled triangle, angles other than right
angle are each of 450. T
(iv) A triangle having two congruent sides is called equilateral
triangle F
(v) A perpendicular from a point to line is shortest distance.T
(vi) Perpendicular to line form an angle of 900. T
(vii) A point out side the line is collinear. F
(viii) Sum of two sides of triangle is greater than the third. T
(ix) The distance b/w the line and the point on it is zero. T
(x) Triangle can be formed of lengths 2cm , 3cm and 5cm. F
Q.No.2 What will be angle for shortest distance from an outside point
to the line.
Sol:‐ 900
Q.No.3 If 13cm , 12cm , 5cm are the lengths of a triangle , then verify
the difference of measures of any two sides of a triangle is less
than the measure of the third side.
Sol:‐ Given that measures are 13cm , 12cm , 5cm
So,
13‐12 <5 1<5
13‐ 5 <12 8<12
12‐5 < 13 7<13

Hence proved that difference of measure of any two sides of a triangle

is less than the measure of the third side.

37
Q.No.4 If 10cm , 6cm and 8cm are the lengths of a triangle, then verify
that sum of measures of two sides of a triangle is greater than
the third side.

Sol:‐ Given that measures of sides are 10 cm , 6 cm , 8 cm

So,
10 + 6 > 8 16 > 8
6 + 8 >10 14 > 10
10 + 8 > 6 18 > 6
Hence proved that sum of measures of two sides of a triangle is greater
than the third side.

Q.No.5 3cm , 4cm, 7cm are not the lengths of the triangle. Give the
reason.
Sol:‐ 3cm + 4cm = 7cm sum of measures of two sides of a triangle
must be greater than length of 3rd side, but here , that condition is
not satisfied. It means that these are not lengths of a triangle.

Q.No.6 If 3cm and 4cm are lengths of two sides of a right angle triangle
then what should be the third length of the triangle.
Sol:‐ According to Pythagoras theorem
(Hypotenuse) 2 = (Perpendicular) 2 + (Base) 2
2 2
= (3) + (4)
= 9 + 16
2
(Hypotenuse) = 25
2
(Hypotenuse) = 25
Hypotenuse = (5) 2
Hypotenuse = 5 cm

Hence 3rd side should be of length 5cm to make a right angled triangle

38
 Chapter # 14
A
Exercise# 14.1
Q.No.1 In ABC , DE II BC
Figure:‐ D E

(i) We know that when a line parallel

to one side of a triangle and intersecting B C
the other two sides divides them proportionally. So, in this fig.
mAD : mBD = mAE : mEC
mAD = mAE
mBD mEC
1.5 = 1.3
3 mEC
1.5 x mEC = 3x 1.3
mEC = 3.9
1.5
mEC = 2.6 cm
(ii) Similarly
mAD : mBD = mAE : mEC
or mAD = mAE
mBD mCE
2.4 = 3.2
mBD 4.8
2.4 x 4.8 = 3.2 x mBD
11.52 = 3.2 x mBD
11.52 = mBD
3.2
mBD = 3.6 cm
From Figure
mAB = mAD + mBD
mAB = 2.4 + 3.6
mAB = 6cm
39
(iii) Similarly
mAD : mBD = mAE : mEC
or mAD = mAE
mBD mEC
3 = mAE
5 mEC
mEC x 3 = 5 x mAE
mEC = 5 mAE
3
From Figure
mAC = mAE + mEC
4.8 = mAE + 35 mAE
4.8 = 3 mAE + 5mAE
3
14.4 = 8 mAE
14.4 = mAE
8
mAE = 1.8cm
(iv) From the result
mAD : mDE = mAB : mBC
or mAD = mAB
mDE mBC
2.4 = mAB
2 5
12 = 2mAB
12 6 = mAB
21
mAB = 6cm
From Figure
mAB = mAD + mBD
6 = 2.4 + mBD
6 ‐ 2.4 = mBD
3.6cm = mBD
40
Similarly on other side
mAD : mDE = mAC : mBC
or mAE = mAC
mDE mBC
3.2 = mAC
2 5
3.2 x 5 = 2 mAC
8 cm = 16cm = mAC
2
From Figure mAC = mAE + mEC
8 = 3.2 + mEC
8‐ 3.2 = mEC
mEC = 4.8cm
(v) Similarly
mAD : mBD = mAE : mEC
or mAD = mAE
mBD mEC
4x ‐ 3 = 8x ‐ 7
3x ‐ 1 5x ‐ 3
(4x ‐ 3) (5x ‐ 3) = (3x ‐1) (8x ‐ 7)
20x 2‐12x‐15x+9 = 24x 2‐21x‐8x+7
20x 2‐27x+9 = 24x 2‐29x+7
0 = 24x 2‐20x 2‐29x+27x+7‐9
0 = 4x 2‐2x‐2
By factorization 4x22‐2x‐2 = 0
4x ‐ 4x + 2x ‐ 2 = 0
4x ( x- 1)+ 2 (x ‐ 1) = 0
( x ‐ 1) (4x + 2) = 0
x‐1=0 or 4x ‐ 2 = 0
x=1 or 4x = ‐2
x = ‐ 2/4
x = ‐1/2
Length can never be negative
so x = 1 41
Q.No.2 In ABC is an isosceles triangle A A
is vertex angle and DE intersects
AB and AC so that
mAD : mDB = mAE : mEC
Prove that ADE is also an isasceles D E
triangle.
Figure:‐
C
Given:‐ B

In ABC , AB ~= AC . DE intersects AB and AC such that

mAD : mDB = mAE : mEC .
To Prove:‐
ADE is an isosceles trinangle i.e. AD ~= AE.
Proof:‐
In ABC , DE intersects AB and AC such that mAD : mDB = mAE: mEC
DE II BC ( A line intersecting two sides of a triangle
propotionally is parallel to third side)
D =~ B and C =~ E
But B =~ C (Base of an isosceles triangle, Given)
D =~ E
Hence , in ADE
AD =~ AE (side opposite to congruent angles of a triangle)
and ADE is also an isoscales triangle
Q.No.3 In an equilateral triangle ABC A
such that
mAE : mAC = mAD : mAB
Find all three angles of ADE D E
and name it also Figure:‐
Given:‐ B C
In equilateral triangle ABC , DE
intersects AB and AC such that mAE : mAC = mAD : mAB.
42
To Prove:‐
m A=? m D =? , m E = ?
Type of ADE = ?
Proof:‐
DE intersects AB and AC such that mAE : mAC = mAD : mAB
DE II BC (Line intersecting two sides of a triangle
propotionally is parallel to third side)
D ~= B & E =~ C
(corresponding angles)
m A = m B = m C = 600 (given)
0
m D = m E = m A = 60
Hence, ADE is an equilateral triangle A
Q.No.4 Prove that the line segment drawn
through the mid‐point of one side of 1
a triangle and parallel to another side , D E
2
F
bisects the third side.
Figure:‐
Given:‐ B C
In ABC , D is mid‐point of AB and DE II BC
To Prove:‐
E is the mid‐point of AC or AE =~ CE
Construction:‐
Draw CF II BA which meets extended DE at F.
Proof: Statements Reasons
DF II BC Given
CF II BD Construction
BCFD is a parallelogram
BD ~= CF (i) opposite sides of parallelogram
But BD ~= AD (ii) Given
AD ~= CF from (i) and (ii)

43
 Statements Reasons
In ADE CFE
1 =~ 2 Vertical angles
A ~= C Alternate angles
AD =~ CF Proved
ADE =~ CFE A.A.S ~= A.A.S
AE ~= CE corresponding sides of congruent
i.e. E is the mid point of AC
triangles
A
Q.No.5 Prove that the line segment joining the
mid‐points of any two sides of a triangle
L
is parallel to third side. N 1
2 M

Figure:‐ 3
Given:‐ B C
In ABC , the mid points of AB and AC are L and M
To Prove:‐
LM II BC
Construction:‐
Join M to L and produce ML to N such that ML ~= LN , Join N to
B and in the figure , name the angles 1 , 2 and 3 as shown.

Proof: Statements Reasons

In BLN ALM
BL =~ AL Given
1 =~ 2 vertical angles
NL =~ ML construction
BLN = ALM S.A.S . Postulate
A =~ 3 (i) (corresponding angles of congruent triangles)
and NB =~ AM (ii) (corresponding sides of congruent triangles)
But NB II AM from (i) , alternate angles
Thus NB II MC (iii) (M is a point of AC)
~
MC = AM (iv) Given
NB =~ MC (v) {from (ii) and (iv) }
BCMN is a parallelogram from iii and v
BC II LM (opposite sides of a parallelogram BCMN)
44
 Exercise# 14.2
A
Q.No.1 In ABC , CD bisects C and meets AB
at D.mBD is equal to 6 12
a) 5 b) 16 c) 10 d) 18
Solution:‐
Let mBD = x D
mBD : mAD = mBC : mAC Figure:‐
or x : 6 = 10 :12 x
x = 10
6 12 B 10 C
12x = 60
x = 60/12
x = 5
C
Q.No.2 In ABC , CD bisects C if mAC = 3 ,
mBC = 6 and mAB = 7
Find mAD and mBD 3
6
Figure:‐
Solution:‐ A x D (7‐x) B
In ABC , CD is bisector of C
mAD : mBD = 3:6 7
According to fig . mAB = 7
Let mAD = x
mBD = 7 ‐ x
Using mAD : mBD = mAC : mBC
x : 7‐x = 3:6
6x = 21‐3x
9x = 21
x = 21 = 7
9 7 3
Hence mAD = 3
and mBD = 7 ‐ x
mBD = 7 ‐ 7 3 =
21 ‐ 7 = 14
3 3

45
Q.No.3 Show that in any correspondence of two triangles , if two angles
of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding angles of other
triangle , then triangles are similar.
Solution:‐ We know that sum of three angles of a triangle = 1800
If two corresponding angles of two triangles are congruent , then
0
the third angle of each triangle must be congruent to make a total of 180
of three angles.
In such cases, when three angles of one triangle are congruent to
three corresponding angles of other triangle, the two triangles are similar.
Q.No.4 If line segments AB and CD are intersecting at point X and
mAX = mCX , then show D
mXB mXD Q
That AXC and BXD are similar.
A
X
Figure:‐ 1 2

Given:‐ C
3
AB and CD intersect each other
at X , such that mAX = mCX P
mBX mDX
B
A and B are joined with C and D respectively
To Prove:‐
AXC ~ BXD
Construction:‐
Suppose , mBX , mAX , Take points P and Q on AB and CD respectively
such that AX ~= PX and CX =~ QX. Join P to Q
Proof:‐
In AXC PXQ
AX =~ PX & CX =~ QX (Construction) (i)
1 =~ 2 (vertical angles) (ii)
AXC ~= PXQ (S.A.S. Postulate)
So, A =~ 3 (corresponding angles of congruent triangles) (iii)
46
 mAX = mCX (Given ) (iv)
mBX mDX
mPX = mQX (From (i) & (iv) )
mBX mDX
So , PQ II BD (If a line segment intersects two sides of a triangle
proportionally it is parallel to the third side.
B =~ 3 (Corresponding angles) (v)
so , A ~= B (from (iii) & (v) ) (vi)
and C ~= D (remanings angles of the triangles ) (vii)
Hence, AXC ~ BXD (from (ii) , (vi) of (vii)

Review Exercise# 14
Q.No.1 Which of the following are true and which are false ?
(I) Congruent triangles are of same size and shape______. T
(ii) Similar triangles are of same shape but different sizes ____. T
(iii) Symbol used for congruent is ‘~ ’______. F
~
(iv) Symbol used for similarity is ‘=’______. F
(v) Congruent triangles are similar______. T
(vi) Similar triangles are always congruent______. F
(vii) A line segment has only one mid point______. T
(viii) One and only one line can be drawn through two points_____. T
(ix) Proportion is non‐equality of two ratios______. F
(x) Ratio has no unit_______. T
Q.No.2 Define the following
i) Ratio:‐
The ratio is a relation of two alike quantities with the same unit.
ii) Proportion:‐
Equality of Two ratios is called proportion.
i.e if a:b = c:d , then a,b,c,d are said to be in proportion.
iii) Congruent triangles:‐
Two triangles are said to be congruent if there exists a
correspondence between them such that all the corresponding
sides and angles are congruent. A D
AB ~= ED A ~= D
AC ~= DF B ~= E
BC =~ EF C =~ F
B C E F
47
 iv) Similar Triangles:‐
Two or more triangles are called similar if they are equiangular
and measure of their corresponding sides are proportional.

L
Q.No.3 In LMN shown in figure MN II PQ
Solution:‐ P Q
(i) In given figure , MN II PQ Figure:‐
so ,
mLP : mPM = mLQ : mQN M N

According to a result
mLP = mLQ
mLM mLN
2.5 = 2.3
5 mLN
2.5 x mLN = 5x 2.3
mLN = 11.5
2.5
mLN = 4.6 cm

(ii) Again mLP = mLQ

mLM mLN
mLP = 2.5
6 7.5
6x2.5
mLP =
7.5
15
mLP =
7.5
mLP = 2cm
From Figure
mLN = mLQ + mQN
= 2.5 + 5
= 7.5 cm

48
Q.No.4 In the shown fig , let mPA = 8x ‐7 , mPB = 4x ‐3 , mAQ = 5x ‐3 ,
mBR = 3x ‐1 . Find the value of x if AB II QR. P

Calculation:‐ Figure:‐ 8x
‐1 4x ‐3

A B
Given that AB II QR then ‐3 3x ‐1
5x
According to theorem
Q R
mPA = mPB
mAQ mBR
8x ‐ 7 4x ‐ 3
5x ‐ 3 = 3x ‐ 1
(8x ‐ 7) (3x ‐ 1) = (5x ‐3) (4x ‐ 3)
24x 2‐8x‐21x+7 = 20x 2‐15x‐12x+9
24x 2‐29x+7 = 20x 2‐27x+9
24x 2‐20x‐29x+27x+7‐9=0
4x 2‐2x‐2=0
or
2x 2‐x‐1= 0
2x 2‐2x+x‐1=0
2x‐(x‐1)+1 (x‐1) =0
(x‐1) (2x+1) = 0
x‐1 = 0 , 2x+1 = 0
x = 1 , x = ‐1/ 2
Length can never be negative
so x = 1cm
Q.No.5 In LMN shown in the figure,
LA bisects L if mLN = 4 ,
L
mLM = 6 , mMN = 8 ,
then find mMA and mAN. 6 4
Sol:‐
Figure:‐
M 8 A N
49
 By a theorem ,( An internal angle bisector of a triangle divides the
side opposite to it in the ratio of the lengths of sides containing the angle)
so , in given fig
mAN : mMA = mLN : mLM
mAN = mLN
mMA mLM
2
mAN = 4
mAM 63
or,
mAN = 2 xmAM (i)
3
Given that mMA + mAN = 8
or, mMA = 8 ‐ mAN (ii)
Putting in eq (i)
mAN = 2 (8 ‐mAN)
3
3 mAN = 16‐2 mAN
3mAN + 2mAN = 16
5mAN = 16
mAN = 16/5 = 3.2cm
Putting value of mAN in eq (ii)
mMA = 8‐3.2
mMA = 4.8cm
P
Q.No.6 In isosceles PQR shown in
the figure , find the value of x and y
10cm x

Sol:‐ Figure:‐
Given that PQR is isosceles , so , y
PQ =~ PR x = 10cm Q 6cm
S
R

Now PS is internal angle bisector , so

50
 mQS = mQP
mSR mPR
mQS = 10
mSR 10
mQS = 1 cm
mSR
or mQS = mSR
Now given that
mQS = 6cm
mSR = 6cm
or y = 6cm

51
 Chapter # 15
Exercise# 15.1
Q.No.1 Verify that the triangles having the following measures of sides
are right ‐ angled.
(i) a = 5 cm , b = 12 cm , c = 13cm
Sol:‐ a = 5 cm , b = 12 cm , c = 13cm.
By Converse of Pythagoras theorem, if square of measure of
one side of a triangle is equal to sum of square of measure of other
two sides , then triangle will be a right angled triangle,
2 2 2
(13) = (5) + (12)
169 = 25 + 144
169 = 169
hence , a triangle with these measures, is a right‐ angled triangle.
(ii) a = 1.5 cm , b = 2 cm , c = 2.5 cm
Sol:‐ a = 1.5 cm , b = 2 cm , c = 2.5 cm
2 2 2
(2.5) = (2) + (1.5)
6.25 = 4 + 2.25
6.25 = 6.25
hence , a triangle with these measures, is a right‐ angled triangle.
(iii) a = 9 cm , b = 12 cm , c = 15 cm
Sol:‐ a = 9 cm , b = 12 cm , c = 15 cm
2 2 2
(15) = (12) + (9)
225 = 144 + 81
225 = 225

hence , a triangle with these measures, is a right‐ angled triangle.

(iv) a = 16cm , b = 30 cm , c = 34 cm
Sol:‐ a = 16cm , b = 30 cm , c = 34 cm
2 2 2
(34) = (30) + (16)
1156 = 900 + 256
1156 = 1156
hence , a triangle with these measures, is a right‐ angled triangle.
52
Q.No.2 Verify that a 2+b 2 , a 2‐b 2 and 2ab are measures of sides of a right
angled triangle where a and b are any two real numbers. (a>b)
Sol:‐ In a triangle if square of measure of length of a side is equal to
sum of squares of measures of other two sides, then, it is a
right‐ angled triangle.
Here, (a2+b2)2 = a4+b4+2a2b2 (i)
(a2‐b2)2 = a4+b4 ‐ 2a2b2 (ii)
(2ab)2 = 4a2b2 (iii)
We see that sum of (ii) & (iii) is equal to (i) Hence, these are sides
of a right‐angled triangle in which (a2+b2) is length of hypotenuse.
Q.No.3 The three sides of a triangle are of measure 8 , x and 17
respectively. For what value of x , it will become base of a right
angled triangle ?
Sol:‐ To satisfy the condition of a right‐angled triangle , i‐e , if square
of measure of one side is equal to the sum of squares of
measuresof other two sides then it is a right ‐ angled triangle.
2 2 2
(Hyp) = (Perp) + (Base)
2
(17) = (8)2+(x)2
289 = 64 + x 2
289 ‐ 64 = x 2
225 = x 2
x = 15
Q.No.4 In an isosceles , the base BC = 28cm, and AB = AC = 50 cm.
If AD BC , then find.
A
(i) Length of AD (ii) Area of ABC
Sol:‐
50cm 50cm
(i) In an isosceles triangle , Median and
altitude of vertex angle is same, it means
Point ‘D’ is midpoint of BC. Hence, we D

get two right angled triangles. B 28cm C

14cm 14cm
53
 Using Pythagoras theorem in ACD,
(Hyp)2= (Perp)2+(Base)2
(50)2 = (mAD)2+(14)2
2500 = (mAD)2+196
2
2500 ‐ 196 = (mAD)
2
2364 = mAD)
mAD = 48 cm
(ii) Area of ABC = ?
Area of ABC = 12 x base x height.

= 12 x 28 x 48
= 672 cm2
Q.No.5 In a quadrilateral ABCD , diagonals AC & BD are perpendicular to
each other Prove that D
2 2 2 2
mAB + mCD = mAD + mBC

Given:‐ Figure:‐ A
O
1
C

ABCD is a quadrilateral. Diagonals AC BD they

meet each other at ‘O’
B
To Prove:‐ 2 2 2 2
mAB + mCD = mAD + mBC
Proof:‐ In triangle OCD ,
m 1 = 900 (Given)
By Pythagoras theorem
(mDC) 2 = (mOD) 2+ (mOC) 2 (i)
2 2 2
Similarly In OAD,(mAD) = (mOA) + (mOD) (ii)
2 2 2
In OAB, (mAB) = (mOA) + (mOB) (iii)
2 2 2
In OBC, (mBC) = (mOB) + (mOC) (iv)
Adding (i) & (iii) we get,
mAB 2+ mCD 2= mOA 2+ mOB 2+ mOC 2+ mOD 2
(v)
Adding (ii) & (iv) we get.
mAD 2 + mBC 2 = mOA 2 + mOB 2+ mOC 2+ mOD 2 (vi)
54
 Comparing (v) & (vi)
we conclude:‐
mAB 2 + mCD 2= mAD 2+ mBC 2 B

Q.No.6(i)In ABC as shown in figure m ACB =900 and CD AB.

5
Find lengths of a , h , b if mBD = 5 units a
D
and mAD = 7 units.
Figure:‐ h
7
Given:‐
According to figure , in ABC , m ACB =900
b
and CD AB A C
mBD = 5 units
mAD = 7 units
To Find:‐ Lengths of a , b , h = ?
Proof:‐
ABC , BCD , ACD are right angled triangles (Given)
so, a 2+b 2= 144 (i)
b 2‐h 2=49 (ii)
a 2‐h 2=25 (iii)
Subtract (ii) from (i)
a 2+h 2= 95 (iv)
Adding (iii) & (iv)
2a 2 = 120
a2 = 60 (v)
From (i) & (v) b 2 = 144 ‐60 = 84 (vi)
From (ii) & (vi) h 2 = 84‐49 = 35 (vii)

From (vi) We get b = 84 = 2 21

From (v) We get a = 60 = 2 15
From (vii) We get h = 35 = 35

55
 (ii) Find the value of x in the shown fig. A

Calculations:‐ Figure:‐ 15cm 13cm

First using Pythagoras theorem in ACD

(Hyp) 2 = (Perp) 2 + (Base) 2 B x D 5cm C
2 2 2
(13) = (mAD) + (5)
169 = (mAD) 2 + 25
2
169‐25 = (mAD)
2
144 = (mAD)
mAD = 12cm
Now using Pythagoras Theorem in ABD ,
(Hyp) 2 = (Perp) 2 + (Base) 2
(15) 2 = (12) 2 + (x) 2
225 ‐ 144 = x 2
x2 = 81 x = 9cm
Q.No.7 A plane is at a height of 300m and A Plane
is 500m away from airport as shown
in fig. How much distance will it
300m
travel to land at airport ?
Figure:‐
B
Air port 500m C
Calculations:‐
0
m C = 90 (Given in fig)
Hence ABC is a right angled trianlge
so , mAB = (300) 2 + (500) 2
= 90000 + 250000
= 10000 (9+25)
= 100 34 m
Q.No.8
A ladder 17m long rests against a vertical wall. the foot of the
ladder is 8m away from the base of the wall. How high up the wall will
the ladder reach?
56
Calculations:‐
In fig ABC , let length of ladder = mAC = 17m
Distance between ladder and wall = mAB = 8m,
height of the wall where ladder reaches = x = ? C
(using Pythagoras theorem)
(Hyp) 2 = (Perp) 2 + (Base) 2 Figure:‐

m
2 2
(17) = (x) + (8) 2 x

17
289 = x 2 + 64
289‐64 = x 2
A 8m B
225 = x2
x = 15m
Hence height of wall upto where ladder reaches is 15m
Q.No.9 A student travels to his school by the route as shown in figure.
Find mAD , the direct distance from his house to school?
School D
E
Figure:‐ 6 km

3 km
3 km

5 km
To Find:‐ Bus B
Stop 6 km C
mAD = ?
2 km

A House
Calculations:‐
In AED Using pythagoras theorem
(Hyp) 2 = (Base) 2 + (Perp) 2
(mAD) 2 = (6) 2 + (5) 2
(mAD) 2 = 36 + 25
(mAD) 2 = 61
Taking sq. Root on both sides
(mAD) 2 = 61
mAD = 61 km
57
 Review Exercise# 15
Q.No.1 Which of the following are true and which are wrong.
0
(I) In a right angled triangle greater angle is 90 _____. T
0
(ii) F
In a right angled triangle right angle is of 60 ___.
(iii) In a right triangle hypotenuse is a side opposite to right angle___. T
(iv) If a , b , c are side of right angled triangle with C as longer side
T
then c 2 = a 2 + b 2 _____.
(v) If 3cm and 4cm are two sides of a right angled triangle, then
hypotenuse is is 5cm____. T
(vi) If hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle is 2 cm then each of
other is of length 2cm_____. F

Q.No.2 Find the unknown value in each of the following figures.

(i) Using Pythagoras theorem

(Hyp) 2 = (Perp) 2 + (Base) 2

Figure:‐
x 2 = (4) 2 + (3) 2
x
x 2 = 16 + 9
4 cm

x2 = 25
x = 5cm 3 cm

(ii) Using Pythagoras theorem

Figure:‐
(Hyp) 2 = (Perp) 2 + (Base) 2
(10) 2 = (6) 2 + x 2 6 cm 10 cm
100 = 36 + x 2
100 ‐36 = x 2
x
64 = x 2 or x = 8cm

58
(iii) Using Pythagoras theorem
(Hyp) 2 = (Perp) 2 + (Base) 2
(13) 2 = x 2 + (5) 2
169 = x 2 + 25
Figure:‐
x
169 = x2 + 25 13 cm
169‐25 = x 2
x 2 = 144
or
x = 12cm 5 cm

(iv) Using Pythagoras theorem

(Hyp) 2 = (Perp) 2 + (Base) 2
( 2) 2 = x 2 + (1)
2
Figure:‐
2 = x2 + 1 x 2 cm
2‐1 = x 2
x2 = 1
or x = 1 cm 1 cm

Chapter # 16
Exercise# 16.1
D C
Q.No.1 Show that the line segment joining
the midpoints of opposites sides of
F E
a parallelogram , divides it into two
equal parallelograms.
A B
Given:‐
In a parallelogram ABCD , points E and F are midpoints of sides BC and
AD respectively and AB II CD , BC II AD By joining E & F we get two
Parallelogram ABEF and EFCD.
To Prove:‐
Area of (parallelogram ABEF) = Area of (parallogram EFCD)
59
Proof: Statements Reasons
II gms ABEF and EFCD are between Given (ABCD is a parallelogram
same parallels AB and CD (i) i.e. AD II BC)

II gms ABEF and EFCD are on same Common and equal Base to
base FE (ii) Both II gms
hence area of II gms ABEF and from (i) & (ii) (theorem:‐16.1.1
EFCD are equal. parallelograms on the same base and
between the same parallel lines are
equal in area).
II gms having equal areas are equal.
Hence II gms ABEF & EFCD are
equal parallelograms.

Q.No.2 In a parallelogram ABCD , mAB =10cm.

The altitudes corresponding to sides
AB and AD are respectively 7cm and 8cm
D C
Find AD.

x
To Find:‐
Let mAD = x = ? 7 cm 8 cm

A 10 cm B
Construction:‐
Join B to D.

Calculations:‐
Area of II gm ABCD = Base x Altitude
= 10 x 7
= 70 cm 2 (i)
Area of ABD = 12 x Base x Height
= 12 x x x 8
= 4x cm2 (ii)
From a result we know the (A diagonal of a parallelogram divides in
into two congruent triangle of equal area)
60
 1 (Area of II gm ABCD) = Area of ABD
2
1
2 (70) = 4x
35 = 4x
35 = x
4
x = 35
4
hence mAD = x = 35 cm
4

A D E H
Q.No.3 If two parallelograms of equal
areas have the same or equal
bases, their altitudes are equal.

B I C F J G
Given:‐
II gms ABCD , EFGH are on the equal bases BC, FG having equal areas.
DI and EJ are altitudes of both parallelograms.
Construction:‐
Place the II gms ABCD and EFGH so that their equal bases BC and
FG are in straight line BCFG. Join B to E and C to H.

To Prove:‐
mDI = mEJ

Proof: Statements Reasons

Area of (II gm ABCD)=Area of Given
(IIgm EFGH)
mBC x mID = mFG x mEJ (i) Area of a II gm = Base x Altitude
but mBC = mFG Given (equal bases)
from (i) mID = mEJ Hence proved

61
 C
Exercise# 16.2
Q.No.1 Show that a median of a triangle divides
D
it into two triangles of equal area. E
900

Given:‐ A B
ABC is a triangle . BD is a median of it and dividing ABC into two
triangles ABD and BCD.
To Prove:‐
Area of ABD = Area of BCD
Construction:‐
Draw altitude BE on side AC from vertex B.
Proof: Statements Reasons
As BD is a median so,
mCD = mAD (i) D is mid‐point of AC.
1
Area of BCD= 2 x mCD x mBE (ii) Area of triangle = 12 x Base x height

1 1
Area of ABD = 2 x mAD xmBE Area of triangle = 2 x Base x Height.

Area of ABD = 1 x mCD x mBE from (i)

2 (iii)

hence
area of BCD = area of ABD from (ii) & (iii)

D C
Q.No.2 Prove that a parallelogram is
F
divided by its diagonals into
E
four triangles of equal area.

A B
Given:‐
In a II gm ABCD , AC & BD are its diagonals which bisect each other
at point E . So, we get four triangles AED , ABE , BEC , CED.
62
To Prove:‐
Area of AED = Area of ABE = Area of BEC = Area of CED
Construction:
Draw AF DB.

Proof: Statements Reasons

As AE is bisecting BD so , “E” is midpoint of BD.
mDE = mBE (i)

1 1
Area of ABE = 2 xmBE x mAF (ii) Area of triangle = 2 x BxH.

Area of ADE = 12 x mDE x mAF. Area of triangle = 1

2
x BxH.
Area of ADE = 12 x mBE x mAF (iii) From eq. (i)
Area of ABE = Area of ADE From (ii) and (iii)

Similarly
We can prove that area of AED = Area of ABE = Area of BEC = Area of CED

Review Exercise# 16
Q.No.1 Which of the following are true and which are false ?
(i) Area of a figure means region enclosed by bounding lines of
T
closed figure_____.
F
(ii) Similar figures have same area____.
T
(iii) Congruent figures have same area____.
(iv) A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two non‐congruent
F
triangles____.
(v) Altitude of a triangle means perpendicular from vertex to the
T
opposite side (base)_____.
(vi) Area of a parallelogram is equal to the product of base and
T
height____.

63
Q.No.2 Find Areas of following.
Answer:‐ 3cm
(i) Area of a rectangle = length x width
= 6x3 6cm
= 18 cm 2
(ii) Area of a Square = (length of a side )2
= (4)2
= 16 cm 2 4cm
8cm
(iii) Area of a parallelogram = Base x Altitude
= 8x4
= 32 cm 2 4cm

(iv) Area of a triangle = 1

2 x Base x Altitude

= 1 x16x10
2 10cm

= 80 cm 2 16cm

Q.No.3 Define the following.

Answer:‐
i) Area of a figure:‐
Area of a figure means region enclosed by the boundary lines of
a closed figure.
ii) Triangular Region:‐
A triangular region means the union of triangle and its interior.
iii) Rectangular Region:‐
A rectangular region means the union of rectangle and its interior.
iv) Altitude or Height of a triangle:‐
Altitude or height of a triangle means Perpendicular distance to
base from its opposite vertex.
64