/■L

i"

Hi
Great Repair Aid
rpBODucTi uMircoy
HELPS YOU EARN MORE (Regt/. Tse&t* Mark)
Time-saving Repair Data for
nearly 900 Radios & TV's. SOLDERING EQUIPMENT
Now you can have af your finger-
tips Circuits and Data for
repairing all the popular TV's, j^or the
Radios, 'Grams, Record players
and Tape recorders—right back
to 1964. A guaranteed money-
spinner . . . saves your time,
increases your carning-power 1 DISCRIMINATING
Compiled by a team of research
engineers Newnes RADIO &
TV SERVICING not only gives
repair information for nearly 60 ENTHUSIAST
principal makes bat also
includes section of latest de-
velopments in the industry.
Thousands upon thousands of
copies of previous editions sold
— it's the most sought-after
publication in the trade. Seize
this opportunity to see it on free
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TELEVISION • RADIO
RADIOGRAMS • CAR RADIOS
RECORD REPRODUCERS
TAPE RECORDERS
All these makes covered —
Alba. Baird. Bush, Carousel, Cossor,
Danseue, Decca, Defiant, Dynaport.
Dynairon, E.A.R,, Ekco,
Elizabethan, Ever Ready, Ferguson,
Ferranti, Fidelity. G.E.C., Crundig.
Hitachi. Invicta, Kolster-
m Brandes, McMichael. Magnavox,
7 st Marconiphone, Masteradio, Motorola,
Murphy, National, Newmatic. Pani,
Perdio, Peto-Scott, Philips, Playcraft,
Ponadyne, Py_e, Radiomobile, Regen-
n '■ tone. Revelation, R.G.D., Roberts*
Radio, S.T.C., Sanyo, Sharp. Sinclair,
*1 Smiths' Radiomobile, Sobell, Sound.
Standard. Stella, Siereosound. Tejetron,
Thorn, Trans Arena, Ultra, Zenith.
UIRGUITS'DATA 2 VOLUMES • OVER 1,000 PAGES 4
1 iRCitf «OvU"lE tutiNO NEARLY 1,400 CIRCUITS, COM-
19. 9 9 PONENT LAYOUT DIAGRAMS,
tiA- DRAWINGS and TABLES
Plu* section of latest developments
in Radio and Television \ILUSJRA1E.D:
n; >%
"U Yours for a week L64 BIT INSTRUMENT IN
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REPAIR HINTS

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*ithlnTRANSIT
14 dsys- Transistorised
AMi VALVES ARB NEW INFORMED.
WBUEAHCE. P08TA0B 1 t»1»« E-U Sd. per FmorsiU.
2/3 8K26 8/9 SSL9ST KCOSt 71- KT89 1*1- Ufifi 8/9
1L4
1R6 ST.l 918 26Z40 7/9 6/6 EC 086 6/8 KT91 ,11/- U24 12/8
184 4/9 4/9 8L9 18/8
SLOQ 71- 80FL1
80F6 8/1 EC 068 91-
SO 160 7/8 ATM
ET93 6/9 U26
14/- uee .5'!
8/8 FM Tuner
186
1T4 4/9 8/- 6L18 7/3 SOLI 5 8/6 9/6 ECFae 7/8 XT76 8/6 U86 U87 u/- 12/8
2D21 6/9 <ld: 8/8 88P4 8/8 E0H21 M/- xm 81/- 12/8
3A4 4/- 8P26 11/- 80P12 7/- X0B4*
X0H86 U/- KTWel 8/9 0107
8/8 KTW8J 0191
SA6
8ft4 6/8 «/- 8728
SOTO 6/8 9/- SOP LI 9/8
86C6 8/8 ECH91 9/9 ETZ68 8'- 71- 0281 9/8 8/e HIGH QDALITY: LOW MOISE: BATTERY ReproduetlonOBstand* MAIMS OPERATIOM
/atourable comparistni
6U40Y 81- MK7 607 or 8/9 86L90T 8/- BCH88 7/8 MUM
ES7 71- 0282
0801
16/-
12/6 mth tuners costing 3 times as much.
8/- 36W4 8/- ECLSO
604G 4/6 SSL70T 6/6 86240* 6/8 ECLSB 7/8 r?8 18/- 0829 8/6 6/9 9/6 Come and hear it (and compare it) at
6Y80T 4/9 60L80T 8/6 ECUS 18/- 0801
6Z4(JT 8/8
«ffl 68E70T 4/9
8U40T 9/9 80 8/- ECL86 9/6 9/6 1108
PC8S 10/- UAB080 19/-0/9 any oj our branches or send to
Rrighion xeilhoul delay a* tee an-
6/80L2 8/9 aveo 4/6 807U68TA18.'6 xrsa 1/9 PC PC97 7(9 0AF42 7/9 ticipate o eery heavy demand.
8ASO 7/9 9V60T 6/9 8/- xro 61- 084 9/8 0B41
PCC88 08041 6/6
7/9
6AK6 4/9 9X4 4/6 985 2/8 EF40 101- PC 083 7/6 0BC81 9/8 This beautllnlly com-
SAQ6 »/■ 9X60 6/- 9689001
2f- XF41 91- 70089 11/9
9/- ZF60 9/9 0BF8O 7/8
6AT8 61-
eAVS «l-
6X60* 9/-
7B6 9/8 9002 4/9 EF60 313 4/8 PCC189 U/- 0BP8B 7/8 9(9
paet 8 transistor maehlno
(size 81n. x 4ln. x 2iln.) will
8SA8 9/9 9003 6/8 EF66
6/8 7B7 7/9 AZ31 7/9 EF89 7/8 PCT62 8/- 0092 9/9 8/- PCF80 8(9 0BLB1 give quieter, more Interfet-
8BBfl-
88660 S/fl 7C6
TCfl 8/9 OB LSI 19/- BF89 6/6 pem 8/3 UCC88 7/8 ecee-free reception. Months ot
16/- 6/- CL88 9/. E»1 8/- PCL82 7/8
6BH8 6/- 7H7 UV2 31- PCL83 3/6 UCFBO
D0H42 9/8
8/6 use from a standard 9 volt battery
eais 6/- 7Y4 787 14/9
8BB7 8/8 1001 6/- DAFM
cm 7/9 7/8 Enss 91- PCL84 8(8 UCH21 8/6 be
or Its small power requirements can
drawn Irom any ampllfler. Low
6BW8 7/8 11/- DP92 8/- *21,84 8/8 8i- PCL86
PCL88 8/8 0CH81 71- 81- noise frequency changer with smooth 2
8BW7 2/8 6/- 1002 US/9 DF90 7/8 EL32
KL38 11/- P 33 8/6 9/6 0OL82
0CL8S 10/- Jang tuning feeding no less than three
804 ion 7/9 DK92 7/-
DX99 7/3 EL84 U/- PL88 8/9 0741 7/9
806 6/9 10LD1114/9 8/9 DL89 5/- EL36 18'- PL88 12/9 0742 8/9 Sate . stages eoopled to a double-tuned dis-
806
SC9 11/- 4/- 10P18
10P14 9/8 DL99 DL94 8/6
7/8 XLS8 91- PL81 PLS2
7/9 0780
0F86 7/9
audio ainplijiers
8/9 of very inleresliny
criminator terminating In an L.F. stage giving
ample output for all quality amplifiers.
OCDflG 17/- 12AT7 4/8
4/9 XABO80 EL41
9/6 EL42 8/8 5/9
PLS3 9/- 0789 specification in the course
608
an 9/9 a/- 18AU7
12AX7 9/- EAF4S 7/9 KL84 8/8 6/6 PL84 71- 0L41 14/- 6/9
8/6 nf preparation.
9990 4/- 1BBE7 8/9 EB41 4/- KM80 71-
BB91 »/- EMS I 7/8 PY82 31- UL48 PY81 7/8 0L44
ens 4/8 121701 8/-
4/- EBCSS ti- EMS4 7/9 PTSS 0L84 8/3 8/9
ene
ens 9/8
12X701 9/6
»/- 12K&QT
EBC41 tle ET51
KT8S 7/8 PT80 31- 6/8 URIC
0M8O 16/- 7/8
9/6 avoid disappointment
9729 B/S 120701 6/- ilBCSl 8/9 7/3 PYB1 6/9
9160 »/- 18AQ6 14S7 14/8 KBFSO 7/9 Km EZ40
8/8 PT83
8/6
PYSB 6/8 008
6/9 0YB1 8/9
8J60T 4/6 6/- PTSS 8/9 0Y41 8/-
919 8/8 MD1 8/9 1BP89 71- EZ41 EZ80 98 6/9 PY800 9/8 0Y85 6/8
9170
8J7QT 4/9 20FZ 9/6 EBL21 ie/e EZ81 8/- FZ80 9/8 VR105 61-
7/9 2CL1
9K7Q 1/8 eon 8/6 *0081 4/9 70419/- *0040 9/9 8/- BP81 8/9 8/- VB160 61- ORDER NOW £8-10
8X70* 4/9 90P8 9/9 X0C8S 4/9 OZ82
OZ84 9/9 *41
10/9 rDD4 X8S 7/9
9K80 »/- 0OF4 71-
17/- EC 093 6/9 KT83C 6/9 U1B 7/6 Z49 8/8
100 HI-STABS irontotao 9/6 ACS82 STEREO AMPLIFIERS TRANSISTORS
CO-AX. low low, M. yd., 86 yd". U/B; control panel, 3-4 watte per channel, excellent LATE8T GARRARD
» yds. «/-; 100 yd.. 4S/«, Plug., I/t finish. AC mains. excellent quality
Value at p0 r*—.
WHS. flUABAXTERD TOP QUALTTT AU fadam PtrMh. All tellk rartrtdfe.
100 RESISTORS j!iw«t 6/8 230V AC CONVERTORS Huge
standardreductloD.
LFE.Ftype Red Spot ^IQ
now only
UPUT 18V B.C. Output 40 watts from White Spot 2/- Stereo cartridge
BBF12 filled for
Mono (Single) 17/8*4,16.0
Player extra.
MICROPHONE CABLE. Hlghtni quaUty car battery (normally s>e en n Kollard Matched Ontpnt aio 8P26 Seml-Transeription (Single)
black, grey, white, 94. per yard, 101 gns-)- M.I 0.0 Kits 008ID and 2-OC31 9/6 *11.19.0
100 CONDENSERS 9/6 R.P. Kits OC44, OC45 (2) al —
3 translstorv AUTOSUM Standard Ante. *5.16.0
Miniature Ceramic. Sllrer Mica, etc. ENORMOUS PUEOHASE- OUARAF- AF114 8/- OC28 9/- OC81 5/8 AT6 Slimline—eimltar W
Model LOW—10 records *8.19.0 AT917.1S.0
SpF to .1/aP. L18T VALUE OVER *6. TEED.WORLD APPRO X. HALF
FAMOUS MAKEPRICK, AF1X6 71- 0038 14/- DC81D 6/8 Model 2,000—large turntable *7.19.0
DUNCI (VHP) FM TUNERS AFUfl 7/9 0044 6/-
6/8 0082 61- Model 3.000—wear
Automatic *10.10.0
MODEL FMT/S. Self powered 300/260 v. ★ TAPE ★ AF117 91- 0046
AF187 7/8 OC72 «/- OCI71 8/8 OC170 8/8 AT80—Heavy
A70—Automatic
*11.16.0
*19.18.0
A.C. A.F.C. High aerndtlvlty tor fringe We otter you fully
and long distance reception. 8!ie 11| to. * mylar and P.V.C. tape, of Identical tenslUsed polyester/ LAB80—Tricecrlptkm 127.10.0
8tIo. GERMANIUM DIODES 401—Tranecriptlon *29J.8.0
finished* Situ.
In satinhigh. Weight
chrome Jtlb. We
and black. In case
can quality hi-fi, wide
characteristlca ae top rangegraderecording
tapes. Oeneral Purpose minlaton oj Model 60—Automatic 18.10.0
offer these high fldeHty Inatrnmente. Quality control manufacture. They deteotor A.V.C. etc. 8/9 do*. •Ml.
Normally *81.11.6. 1K n„ Child Bonded highest quality
limited Dumber onlySOat Top Make..
LODDSPKAKEE1, s® tins. are thantruly worth
acetate, a few morejointed
sub-standard, coppers
or Individually tested 9/8 doi. V- B.S.R.
Cheap Imports. TRY ONE AND SILICON RECTIFIERS
in. -7/6 ^un. 8/6 PROVE IX YOURSELF. ¥014—Single playerComplete
Complete *4.5.0
89/-
8i Standsid Play Doable Play Guaranteed OD17—Single Deck
ELPIGO MONO PRE AMPS 3ln. 4ln. J6«lt.
50011. 8/6
4/6 Sin.
4in. MOft.
900ft. V-
8- Tested 250v.performance.
working. Top makes. DA14—Auto
UA16—Blue Changer
•silver *4.17.9
*8.10.0
DPAX6. Latestchannels
black/satin chrome 61n. ftOOfl. 7/6 6in. 1,200ft. 16/- 120 ma. nla 600 ma. -tir
multiple Input selector, baaefinish
and 61 7ta.In.Long900ft. 10/6 6Jto.
1,200(1,12/8 Hn. 1.800lt. 19/8
2,400ft. 27/-
(S for 8/8) 2/9 <3 lor 18/81 'l» DA2Ma—Super Slim *6.18.0
treble controls. Matches
mlkee. ProeWon tape record- r <*„ all plckupe and Flay Triple Play
log. Normally 16 (OS. OUT price » U Itt. Sin. 41a.
223ft. 8/9 4to.
490ft. 6/6 6to.
900ft. 16/-
IBOOft. 25, SATISFACTION Satlifactlon Guaranteed or
HITACHI PORTABLE ein.
SJIn. 900ft.
l,200lt. 10/8
18/- B|to.2,400(t.
71n. 3,800ft. 84/-
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refunded If return-
unsoiled within 14 day*
TAPE RECORDER 7 In. 1.800lt. 18/8
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Fsbokras oonraqualityFASTI LatestofHitachi.
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C-transistor. 1 {in. and 31iu. epeean, Outpnt Post Free less 6% on three 900tt. 8/- MOST KULLARD,
600 mW high quality speaker. -Fast reels. MAZDA. COSSOE, i2in. £2. 0.0 £3. 0.0 AW47-81
forward and rewind. Battery level and Quantity and T(t4e snqntriei invited. EMITEOX.
BCOPK, EK1-
BRIMAR,
I4in. £2.10.0 £3.10.0
£4. 5.0
£5. ISO.
AW69-91
record level meter Precision cape tan SPEAKER FABRIC !PROCESSED
KKKANTI TYPES 15-I7in. £3. 5.0 £7.10.0
drive. Site 8ft x 3| * BJln. Qennlne Superior Gold/Brown Vynlde with eniaH IE )9ln. £3. 5.0 £4. 5.0
Bomal
■pares price Of
available. Si gns.
With Unrepeatable.
tape, a n f>—* All pertoration*. gift at 2/6 eq. ILor a n , OUR OWE 21 in. C3.I5.0 £5.15.0 AW 43-80
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CAR RADIOS stoekid! of Leak, Quad, ChtpiMm, Ooodman. Arnuireny, Trtptdone, Linear. Sedetr* Truvox, Fettotrapk, WkmfedaU, etc., etc.
Latest Antolux folly transistorised Post: lib. 1/9, IJIb. 910, 21b. 2/9.41b. 3/3,81b. 4/-, 141&.6/9.
complete with speaker and fittings. All Mail Orders;—DEPT. E7, DovonUn Court 1
Large
superb purchase enable, ns to sell these
14 gna)acts
at the(normally
amaatugnpprox.
price of On WIW. (*„,
* BRIGHTON tSl'sSOWSPliee i
RADIOGRAM CHASSIS TECHNICAL RMd
QTTAUTT BARBAIEt * LONDON Ttl.T^MUMura MM
Heavy duty A.C. mains, complete with
largo dials.
Stereo AM, S valve, all wave a - p_- ir PORTSMOUTH ?.M3,T™M34
(oonuaUyAM/IM,17 gnA). " 13 "A1 ' TRADING
Mono AMITM,
(normally 18 gns.). 6 valve 19 («_,
lA UnS. * SOUTHAMPTON
Stereo
(aormsUyAM/FM,
28 gns,).7 valve 17 Qm. Alt Brajteket—B.C. Wede.
 ^ .
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9B
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93 SINCLAJ5 #
go micro ®
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micRO Fm

rffe/tfr/'/ag' SINCLAIR MICRO FM

7 TRANSISTOR SUPERHET P.M. TUNER/RECEIVER
This unique, superbly engineered superhet set for himself have been completely elimi-
cfesr/gsts' FM set gives enormous satisfaction both in nated in the Micro FM. It Is ready to use the
building and in using it. It is completely moment you have built it. The pulse count-
professional in styling inside and out. When ing discriminator ensures best possible
built, the performance of the Sinclair Micro audio quality; sensitivity is such that the
FM Is fantastic. It is the only set in the world telescopic aerial included with the kit
which can be used both as an FM tuner and assures good reception in all but the very
as an independent FM pocket receiver just poorest reception areas. The Sinclair Micro
whenever you wish. Problems of alignment FM can give you all you want in FM recep-
which have previously made it almost im- tion plus the satisfaction of building a unique
possible for a constructor to complete an FH design that will save you pounds.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 4c Size: Hi' x I Jl' X J*
THE EINCLAIR MICRO FM is a completely ★ Powerful A.F.C.
cle1 letf-containcd doubie-purpose F.M. superhet. It uses 7 4c Pulse counting discriminator
transistors and 2 diodes. The R.F. amplifier is followed 4c Lew t.F. completely eliminatetafignmant problem*
by a self'Osei I latins mixer and three stages of I.F. 4c Tunes from 88 to 108 He/*
CRoi? amplification which dispense with I.F. transformers 4c Audio response: 10 to 10,000 c/S ± IdB
and all problems of alignment. The final I.F. amplifier 4c Signal to Noise Ratio! 30dB at 30 microvolts
produces a square wave which is converted so that the 4c Operate* from standard 9V battery, *elf-cootain*d
"( om F.M.)
vcrf impressed original modulation is reproduced exactly. A pulse- 4e front
Plasticand
casespun
withaluminium
brushed and polished
dial aluminium
(Micro which tookwithonfc
the five
Jet counting discriminator ensures better audio quality. tuning
hours to ossemh'e ond worked immerf- One output is for feeding to amplifier or recorder
iatelK."
(Signed) D.H.VV., Leigh, Heigate, and the other enables the Micro' FM to be used as Complete kit
Surrey. an independent self-contained pocket portable. A.F.C. inc. telescopic
"I would like to express my complete "locks" the programme tuned in. The telescopic aerial, case,
satisfoction with your Micro F-M. aerial included is sufficient in all but the worst signal earpiece and £5.19.6
in quoiitK it certainly equait my areas. instructions
present
tiont on (expensive) tuner. Congrotuia-
o fine design."
(Signed) London, e.C.4.
SlNCLA'l SIKCLAIR MICRO-6 - Build it in an evening
MiCfl0 This is the set to build if you want a minutely sited receiver which will Complete kit including case, aerial,
slip into a waistcoat pocket without even showing. It is the smallest set lightweight earpiece and instruction*
in the world, against
Is completely which aincluding
self-contained matchboxaerial
looksand
enormous.
batteriesYet
andthe Micro-6
it virtually
(a
Slays anywhere. Its clever six-stage circuit (2 R.F,, double diode detector,
A.F.) ensures all you want in a radio today—power, range, quality and
selectivity. It is veryfading
A.G.C. counteracts simplefrom
to build and stations,
distant useful to bandspread
have with youbrings
always.
in
THE SMALLEST SET Luxembourg like a local station. There is great pleasure to be had in build- 59/6
IN THE WORLD seen its white, gold and black case and heard its amazing performance. have
ing the Micros, and it makes a highly acceptable gift once others

Sinclair radionics l1~d

se neujmarkEt road, cambridgE
Telephone 5273I

466
 SINCLAIR /24w.
12 WATTS R.M.S. CONTINUOUS SINE WAVE \?EkK )

15 WATTS R.M.S. MUSIC POWER (30 WATTS PEAK)

Z.I2 HIGH FIDELITY AMPLIFIER AND PRE-AMP

This is the hi-fi amplifier of the volt car battery makes an ideal ★ TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
future—very small, fantastically power source. For mains operation, Size 3*X Ij"* l^* Class "B" ukr»-linear output
powerful and with the character- the PZ,3 Is recommended. Because -k Response )5-5O,OO0c/s i IdB -jlr Suitable for 3, 7.5
istics you expect from the most of its size, the Z.I2 can be used for or ISO speakers. Two 30 speakers may be used in
expensive equipment available. The car radio, guitar, P.A. system, inter- parallel, Input—2mV into 2kO. -Ar Signal to poise
Z.I2 incorporates its own high gain com, etc., as well as the very best ratio—better than fcOdE. ^ Quiescent current con-
pre-amp. arranged so that any type hi-fi it was designed for. It is indeed sumption—15mA.
of input and tone control circuit is the ideal amplifier wherever the Built, tested and
easily matched. Full details are need is for power and quality from guaranteed. Ready for
given in the manual supplied with the smallest possible unit. This is immediate use. With
every Z.I0, and even for stereo the the approach to high fidelity audio Z.I 2 manual. 89/6
cost is but a few shillings. The Z.I2 reproduction and one which you
operates efficiently from any supply can enjoy for remarkably little If you prefer not to cut the coupon out, please
between 6 and 20 volts D.C. and a 12 outlay. refer to PE.7 when writing your order.
TYPJCAL COMMENT
"J haytjutt eomplttedbuild- SENSATIONAL POWER To SINCLAIR RADIONICS LTD. 1
ing the Micro FM. and I em NEW SUPPLY UNIT
very pleased with the result 22 NEWMARKET ROAD, CAMBRIDGE I
especially when linked up to
the Z.I2 amplifitr."
J.G.O.C., Sandwich, Kent SINCLAIR PZ,3 Please send
"I am very pleased with it Designed specialty for the very
high standards of the 2.12, this
(Z.I2).
very well," It suits my needs entirely NEW power supply
unit
ited uses advanced
circuitry transiuor-
to achieve ex-
C-TS.. Widnex ceptionally good measurable
smoothing.
Ripple is a barely or which I enclose I
"Results
of I am getting
this world, ore out
I have demon- O.OSV.
power Thetwo PZ.3,
Z.I2s which will
with ease, I'
strated it towho
enthusiasts Quitearea scrapping
few Hi-Fi costs—
theirtovalve
over Z.I2."jobs and changing 79/6 CASHlCHCQUEfMONEY ORDER for £ s. d. \
RJ-V.. Undon. W.3
NAME |
FULL SERVICE FACILITIES AVAILABLE TO ALL SINCLAIR CUSTOMERS
ADDRESS . I
,1 (SuarattLec
1i ■ If you ere not completely
satisfied when you re-
u

ceive your purchisefrom

SI IE3I < us, your money will be
refunded at once in full
and without question. ►
467
 FIRST QUALITY PVC TAPE SAMSON'S VARLEY SOLENOIDS
R * TV ELECTRONICS LTD. size A.C.2J'200-250
X 2i'v.X Very powerful.
21 . Pulling Base
spindle
S}' Std. 850 ft. 9/' 5'L.P. 850 ft. 10/6 9-10 CHAPEL STREET length 2 in. 22/6, p.p. 2/6.
7'Std. 1200 ft. 11/6 3' T.P. 600 ft. 10/6 LONDON, N.W.I
3* L.P. 240 ft. 4/- 3'T.P. 1800 ft. 25/6
SJ-'L.P. 1200 ft. 11/6 5J'T.P.2400 ft. 32/6 Teli PAD 7851 Tel: AMB 5125 LIGHT SENSITIVE SWITCHES
7* L.P. 1800 ft. 18/6 7'T.P. 3600 ft, 42/6 12 Mullard Type ORPI2. 7/6, p.p.
P. & P. on each 1/6, 4 or more post free. AUTO TRANSFORMERS
240-110 v., 2,000 Watts, completely
CYLDON .3 to 4 WATT enclosed in beaucifuily finished case. SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
GEARED
U.H.F. TUNER AMPLIFIER KIT Fitted with two 2-rin American
socked, or Terminal Blocks. Neon A.C. 200-250 v. Very powerful 40
r.p.m. Size 21' X 2i'X 1'. Easily
complete with comprising indlcitor.
carry On/off419.19.6,
handle. twitch and chrome
Carr. 10/-. adapted to oscillate op to half a
PC.88 and PC.86 chassis 8? Also available, completely shrouded revolution. 12/6, p.p. 2/6.
x 2i' x r. and fitted with
Valves. Full vari-
able tuning. New /T.- Double or terminal blocks.American sockets MULTI-TAPPED
Please state which type TRANSFORMERS
and unused. Size w wound mains required. All Primaries 200, 230, 250 v.
41' x 5i' x li". transformer, output transformer, Wattage Price Carr. Type Sec. Taps Amps
volume and tone controls, re- 1.000 f4 !9 6 7/6 A 3-4.5-6-8-9-10-12-15-18.
Complete with 500
300 .. £3
£2 IS0 06 5/6 6/6 20-24-30 v 2 29/6 4/-
circuit diagram. sistors, condensers, etc. 6V6, 150 £1 19 6 5/- B 3-4-5-6-8.9-10.12.15-18-
35/- plus 2/6 ECC8I and metal rectifier.
Circuit 1/6 free with. kit. 29/6 C 3-4-5-6-8-9-10-12-15.18-
P. & P. plus 4/6 P. & P. 20-24-30 v 5 49/6 5/6
400 WATT AUTO D 3-4-5-6-8-9-10-12-15-18-
20-24-30 v ... 8 651-7/-
8-watt 5-valve PUSH-PULL TRANSFORMERS £ 6-7-8-10-14-15-17-19-25-
AMPLIFIER & METAL RECTIFIER By famous maker, fully tropicalised. 31-33-40-50 v 3 49/6 5/6
Tapped 200 , 210-220-230-240-250,
SO -75-65-100-105-j 10-1 SO-160 v. F 6-7-8-10-14-15-17-19-25-
Size: 9 X6 X li" A.C. Mains 200-250v. 5 valves. 31-33-40-50 v
Table top connections, 49,6. Carr. S/-. G 12-18-20-24-30 6 97/6 7/6
For use with Std. or L.P. records, musical v 10 77/6 7/6
instruments, all makes of pick-ups and mikes. SMITH'S 4 MINUTE TIMERS
Output 8 watts at 5 per cent total distortion. VENNER CLOCKWORK Single-pole switch. IS Amp., 250 v.
Separate bass and treble lift controls. Two TIME SWITCHES contacts.
inputs, with controls, for gram, and mike. Output Transformer
tapped for 3 and 15 ohms speech coils. Built and tested. £3.19.6. 14-Day one on, one off every 24
hours, SA, 250 v. contacts. Com- bezel and Complete with chrome
control pointer knob.
P. & P, 10/- plete with socket ahd key. Perfect Size 2 In. dia., depth 21 in. 17/6,
condition. 35/-, p.p. 3/6. p.p. 2,'6.
"MUSETTE" 8-Iu%aEnR8,H8Et?r VENNER ELECTRIC
FIELD
TYPETELEPHONE
TELE "f"
PORTABLE RADIO TIME SWITCHES Perfect
★ 2i' Speaker. A.C. 200-250 v. Type MDIBP. One ringing. Complete Generator
condition. with hand bell
set
on, one off every 24 hours, "30A carr. ana batteries. £4.19,6 per pair,
★ 6 Transistors Superhet Output A.C. 250 _v. contacts- Beautifully 10/6.
200 mw. finished in black Bake lite case,
ic Plastic Cabinet in red, size 4J* HaSB size 0" X S}' X 4i' Brand new at FIELD TELE CABLE
x 3*"X 11* and gold speaker a fraction of maker's price. £3.19.6, Type "OJ"
louvre. p.p. S/-. Arms for extra switching, unused. 45/-Single, I/J mile drums
per drum, p.p. 7/6.
•jc Horizontal Tuning Scale. 6/6 per pair.
Inc. carrying
it Ferrite Rod Internal Aerial. 39/6 strap. Circuit
•jr IF 460 Kc/s. Diagram 2/6—
★ AH components Ferrite Rod P. & P. 3/9 free with parts
and Tuning Assembly mounted
od printed board. if Printed Circuit Board.
★ Operated from PP3 Battery. ★ Tunable over medium and
★ Fully comprehensive instruc- long waveband.
tions and point-to-point wiring ★ Car aerial and earpiece D.I.Y. with
diagram. socket.
TRANSISTORISED SIGNAL GENERATOR
Size 5r X 3i' x li'. For IF and RF align- GOODMANS
ment and AF output, 700 c/s frequency cover-
age 460 Kc/s to 2 Mc/s in switched frequencies.
Ideal for alignment to our Elegant Seven and HIGH
Musette. Built and tested. 39/6. P. & P. 3/6.
ELEGANT SEVEN Mk.II
Com bin td Portal) lo and Car Radio FIDELITY
The Radio with the " Star" Fcahnei Bina MEim
if 7-traniiHor suptrhsL Output MANUAL
350 mW.
if Waodan cabinet, littad
handle with tllver-coloured A new, larger and more coioutfol edition—revised and completely
fitting, »i*e 1211«. x 8i In, x 3i In. up-to-date. It contains articles o< particular Interest to the D.I.Y.
★ Horizontal tuning scale, size 111 In. enthusiast—including special beginners page, advice on stereo,
x 2} In. in lilver with black lotterint. ONLY sfage-buill systems and lull cabinet drawings. Whether building or
if All ztatlons clearly marked.
★ Ferrlte-rod Internal aerial. improving your own audio set-up or choosing a complete speaker
★ Operated from PPS battery. £4.4.0 system, you'll find it useful and interesting as well as informative.
if I.F. neutralisation an etch etaee Plus 6/6 Post & Pocking Ask your Goodmans dealer or send coupon for your FREE copy.
460 ke/i.
it B.C. coupled outeat stage with POWER SUPPLY KIT
separate AC. negative feed back.
★ assembly
A" components,ferrite to purchasers of Elegant ■ Please send me a free copy of the Goodmans High ■
mounted on rod and tuning
printed beard. Sevenmains parts, incorporat- I Fidelity Manual
★ Fully comprehensive instructions and ing etc. A.C.
transformer,
mains 200-
point-to-point wiring diagram. 250v. Output 9v, 50mA, | Name .... .....
★ Printed circuit board, back-printed 7/6d, extra.
with all component values. I Address -a
if Fully tunable over medium and long waveband.
•* Car aerial socket. if Full after-sales service. I P.E.7 ■
4 In. SPEAKER. Parts list and circuit diagram 2/4. FREE with parts. - J
Shop Hour* 9 a.m. — 6 p.m. Early Closing Wednesday
All enquiries stamped addressed envelope GOODMANS INDUSTRIES
RADIO & T.V. COMPONENTS (ACTON) LTD. Axiom Worka, WombUy, Mlddtoaa*
Telephones WEMbley 1200
21 Df HIGH STREET, ACTON, LONDON, W.3 GOODMANS A Diviiion of Radio Rentuet Product! Ltd,

468
 TWO-YEAR GUARANTEE
On ail our tlimline TV* Sand for fraa titt take your
EX - RENTAL
TELEVISIONS
17 in. £11.10.0
tl montht' 3 star Guarantee pickJL
■fcTobe -jltValves -^fComponencs w«»i*TiOMAL t^rwva
colouredfr.ee list t**crmctv*
Channel* for all area* m
Demonstrations daily from Large
Se/ection
Personal collection or Insured
Cam 30/-
RADIOGRAM CABINETS d£9.10.0
Superbly made and styled in
Veneered Cnglitb Walnut 'K-4
UfT UP LID 70 CHANGER
AND RECORD STORAGE
• COMPARTMENT
Post!on S* X S" Twin \tl/
Speakers
Diameter; 40 X I6i X I5i
Legs I gn. Carr. 30/-
Other Models—Send for List
RESISTORS 51- per 100. Nov. Mottly '
High Scabs. Assorted. P. & P. 2/-.
Overseas 3/S. vW.
VALVES £1 per 100. Assorted TV and
Radio. Surplus ex-rental
Post 4/6. Send (ordismantled
list. m
RECORD PLAYER CABINETS 49/6. -4
Latest designed covered cabinets. Takes
any modern Autoehanger,
SINGLE PLAYER CABINETS 19/6.
P. & P. 5/6.
DUKE & CO. (LONDON) LTD. ..
621/3 Romford Roa.d, Manor Parkt E.12
Liverpool Street—Manor Park—10 mins. from hik
Phone: ILFord 600-1-2-3. Scamp for Free List.

semiconductor centers
Over 100 IR semiconductor devices are avail-
able from your dealer, many with free
KOHTAKT instruction manuals and project and experiment
details.
Look for the floor-standing 'Semiconductor
Center,' or the counter-top 1 Minicenter.'
60
EXPERIMENTER SEMICONDUCTOR KITS
MOUNTING KITS AND HEAT SINKS
THE SPECIAL CLEANER SILICON BRIDGE RECTIFIERS
FOR INACCESSIBLE UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTORS
SELENIUM PHOTO CELLS
CONTACTS INSTRUMENT RECTIFIERS
Dm ipwlru' , AUTOMOTIVE RECTIFIERS
* KONTAKT 60 deans and SILICON SOLAR CELLS
protects all contacts
★ Eliminates high transition SILICON RECTIFIERS
(Si KonioVrs/ki resistances GERMANIUM DIODES
aMygon#!®* •jr Prevents 'creep* currents THYRISTORS (S.C.R.)
■/If Does not affect plastic materials ZENER DIODES
•fc In spray can with 5i' spray TRANSISTORS
nozzle SELENIUM STACKS

Other Kontakt
ffi products are:- Write for the free illustrated catalogue
and price-list, also the name and address
em" 70 Protective Lacquer of your nearest IR SEMICONDUCTOR CENTER
72 Insulating Spray
fRl, 75 Cold Spray for Fault Location
80 Special Siliconized Polish INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER
100 Antistatic Agent for Plastics HURST GREEN • OXTED • SURREY • Tel.: OXTED 3215
Write for full details of above complete Dealers—write for details of howyoo can start your own
range of Kontakt products to;- IR SEMICONDUCTOR CENTER.
SPECIAL PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTORS LIMITED
81 PkcadHly, London, W.I. GROsvenor 6482 ^3 semiconductor centers

469
 f ADIO & ELECTRONIC
IIRADIONIC
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

ABSOHDIKG
AXD ORADTONIC
EXXITIIVC!

i" . .1.1? IlunUri'ils ot oluoallonal pstabllsh.

2-^ IT" >' u^InR HaUlonlc
"f a,rpl,(, Tpphnleal CoIU
toror jcph. SthiK.ls,
cU'oti-onlc th« Arm<-U
Instrut-llon. Forccs-
KnthuHlasilu
ownprn ranitc fnim t to g* > pars ajtr.
'Z16 Coun<
t rntrcs. '«FraturiHl " and
In .Sound 'ndustrlal
TrlrvislonDrslen
broadfor all lirltlsTl Ursirn
easts.
The system Is beautirutty enBtneereU from top qoaltiy British components. No soMehne.
0 prto ,snowlcJ e ,weJed
r»=.^
transparent . position
panel, r. brass «connealng- strip
Simply arrangefixcomponents on and
perforated
worKs with full efficiency. You can then dismantleunJcrneath, withcircuir.
and build another 6BA nuts circuit
Your results
arc BtHiameeu by out Technical Department and News Letter Service. All parts available
separately for conversion or expansion of sets. A No. 4 SET and fi-TflANSISTOR SUPERHET
able. Mm ply "x« soldering"
.?"fInsert componentsprintandrdtighten
circuitnutji.
board tot suiicrliet port- aisto
No. I Set £5.18.fi, it Circuits (Earphone)
No. S Set l'6.19.6. 20 Circuits (Earphone) lOSlC (-ractrft
No. 3 Set £10.19.6. _ S3 Circuits (7 x 4in. Loudsiwaher output)
.Vo. 4 Set £14.19.6. 3t Circuits (Include c Transistor and reflex
suprrbcts)
Prices (Post Fret)
Full Jelails from:
RADIONIC PRODUCTS LIMITED
STEPHENSON WAY, THREE BRIDGES
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX
Tot.! CRAWIEY 28700 Trade Enquiries Invilad Theoretical Circuit Practical Layout
Oor '£' Series of basic electronic circuits it available separately.
Send for details of El SOS, our do-it-yourself computer.

FULLY GUARANTEED KT88 82/- QSI202 8/- LY21 2C34 fiALSW 71- 12AH7 61-61- 76 8/6 6704 •/-
KTW8I 8/8 QV04/7 8/- 2i;4j 22/6 0AMS
KTW63 2/-
KTZ4I 61- R10 61- VMP40 VP23 18/- as; 30/- OAMfi 8/64;- 6K7fi l 12AT7
I2AU7 51- 78 5/- 6064 71-
9/6 aoeo 01-
INDIVIDUALLY PACKED KTZ63 61- BK72 8/- VP13.1 ar i 18/- SAQS 71- | 12AX7 01- 78 »/- 6680 «/-
6AQ5W 91- sKsn 12AY7
VALVES
\ MH4 8/-
MM 61- fillEI2 10/- VRon
SISOP 16/- VS103/30
2X2
3.\4 «A«6 61-
6A88W 9/- OKSH 128.48 10'-
8/6 8180 6/6 7193
91- (476 1/0
21-
SJ8 I2BE6 71- 01- 8013.4 25/-
AC/HI. 4/3 £BS4 1/8 I EL34 10/- OA2 XE1J 15/-7/- RJ30 12/8 VR150/30
SP3
3B7 8/-
31124 5/- SA«;C! 80/.
SATfi 4/- SLsn 12BHJ 71- 84 01- 8020 01-
ACP4 8/- BBS I 61- I F.LS5 6/- OB2 0' SP41 8/8 1/6 vraa v n- aiw *- OAUn fiL7<l 12C8
iaB6 31- 01- asAa
215SG Oh 9001
AC6PES 8/- EBC33 61- sptn 3K20
SQ4 50- 0.1X4 09' 22501/ 01- 9002
AL60 8/- KDC4I 8,■a I KL3HBL37 18/- OU3
61- KL41 17/6
SP210 vi.aa 61- IIB7 I2J7(1T 6/6 807A 61-
I2J50T 2/8 9003
0004
A118 5'-
AHP3 a/- KBC80 8/- oca 61- s,;- 141 10/- W2i 61- jQOfiT 7/0 0 B8(l 0N7 12K70T 31- 313C 610 9006
ARPI2 8/8 bbkso
EBPSS e/a
7/8 KL42 8/- 1 OD3
OPS TP22 61-
TP-2S 15, WJItt
wna 8/-
61- 384 61-
av4 5/0 6BA8
6BA7
BN7f)
10:02
051-
12K8M 101- 360B 01- cviasQ CJl.Tob«i
KL80 8/- OZ44 «/- Vfiti 7-6 4C27 12<)70T 8/8 357A 701-
ARP34 10/- EBF80 6/9 ELSI 8/- PCSB
ELS3 8/8 pesa 8/-
TTl I 61- MIH 4DJ 34/- 61- 0BE0 6070 12887 7/- 368.4 01- (09J) 65/
31- 446A ■V01-
AETi*l 61- 1SC62 TTl 3 35/- XI4o 61- »11J 7 6/8 12SC?
ATP4 2/8 ECsa 18/8 EL84 Sh TTKS1 661- ■0 6A1780 61- 0BH7 08.43 71- 12807 4/- /— i vcHiasao/-
' mwi '
ATM
AU7 »/- KC70 KCOO 8/- */- EL1U
KWO 4/9 th PCC84 12/-
PCilOO TZ20 18/- YR3 61-
6A1740 61-
0B/251M 88Wa
0C4
6S.V70T 6/6
6HK70T 61- 128H7 8/-
12SJ7 ' 6/- 703A 80/- VeE01735/-
i.Sl 12SK7 51- 705A VCH017B
AZ31
BOH 161- 91- KCOI
F.CCSI 61- ELII0KMR0
61- PCCWl
61- PCFW) 10/-
71- 61- Vflfi
("12/! 8/- V/IH 41- 61- 5B/253M28/- ocso
ICOOT
0X07
OeCTOT 6h 71 SB 10/- 40/-
BD78 «/- KCC82 8/- KM81
BL03 10/- KOC83 6/- KM84 8/3 PCF8B 7/6 IH0F82 6/8
PCF«4 C/-
6/-.
61- ZSOOf 20/-
zmiv 10/ 0B/2S4M15/- ftGll 01- fiSFSCT 5/8 12RX7GT5/9
I23H7 51-
7I7A T VCHS17C40/-
151-
61- 11/- OCHO 12Y4 31- 801 01- 33FPV 451-
B94 20/-
B85 8/- ECC84 8/8 RN31 10/ PCP802 11/-
KCCSS 616 KBI;74 80/- PCIAI 9/-
11/- lASOT
8, i BOO 301- SI- 5B/2S5M601- fiCHO
OCIIO 14I<"
151)2 81- 71- 803
307 22/6 01-
EG I 40/-
6CP1 30/-
51884 6716 ECCSI 61- EHt' S OO 61- PCL82 71- 4/6 ICSIJT 61- 0K4f!Y 86/—
91- OCLO 20P4 13/- 308 61- S8D 40/- 0FP7 12,'8
B2I34 16/- Ecm 71- EYSI 5/6 PCM3 8/6 IDSOT OIRi 21B8 91- 311
CCSL 8/- ECH42
CL33 KCUOI 0/6 RYS8
61- KVftl PCL84 71- U/8 iFa1 FT;; 61- 0TR
OlMC 71- fifis 25I/IOT 5/6 313 22/6 88/- Phoie Tabes
OY31 KCH83 7/8 KZ40 8/-
8/6 POMO
PCX8I1
8/8
8/- 18/-
UABCHQ 61- Itltit.'T 3/- ON 4/1 8/a (ll'flfi 2oy6
2524G 6/6 81- Bid 351- CMOSOH16 12/9 51-
P4I KCL80 81- EZ4I
K{' L 82 7/6 0;: PES25 4;8
PENMil a/- l.'L'AEC41
K42 $/- 114 6/-
»/- jem; 0X40
OYS/i 4/6
11 FOOT 6/9
BPHO 61- 2020 7/6 830B 601- 931A 66,'-
6097C 860/-
: 0 6/- flY3tiT «F7 25ZHOT 8/6
U77 ECLS3 10/ EZBI 3/9 PFL200
10/- F/6087 61- PL30 X7,'a UBF80 6/8 17400 ltH4 11- OYSWOTB5.'- OKI 7 2307 01- 832 tf-
843 15/-
Tnadston
l)A30 121 ECLS6
KFS6 3/8 >76001 61- PE38 T:BF«9
rfBI.21 6/8 1X21B 4/- BFflfl 30 51- Oh OC16OC22
20/-
23,'-
1MF9B 61- EF37A 71 176063 61- PL8I 18/-
EF4Q 01- FW4/600 6/8 pMa 71- I'CCBo 6/8 1 N'49 61-
«/- 0Z4O 6 6
0Z4r:T 8-
I1F12
BF13 30010
30F5 8/8 9/6 86SA 14/- OC26 12/-
PDI1 4/-
Plja 6! KF41 61- FW4800 8/6 PL83 8/- VCH42 8f- 1X7(1 */- 41- HA87 41- (iF82 30Pl.t 10/6 10/-
4/6 OC44
OC46
PFUl KF50 T.TCH81 61- 1R4 S/- 6 A07 2/82;- 6F38 sopis 18/-
io/- 8/8
1)195
UPfie EF62 2,6
EFOS 61- Ol/aSfMJ
000/20 9/- PL84
4/- PL500 10/- i;CLS2
CCL83 8'- IB,i
10/- 0 01- HAltO
»AB7 61- 8000
«H8M
SOPMI
SOPLX 8/- 2/- OC71
61- OC72
4,8 UK< 71- 858A 4/- OC78 10/-
BHoa
DKSfi KF05 01- OZ32 10/ PM24A 61-
PTIO 10/- UP4I 816 1T4
UF89 «/- 2A.1 4/6
1H& 8 A110 10/-
0A.I7 31- 8J4WA 10/-
WO 2/- 61-
SoMOT
SOT 17/8 OC81M 7h
VLB" 41-
DL9.1 41- EF73
EFJl
KF72 710
61-
C.Z34
Hea 10/-
71- PT25K 7/8
PT25M 14/-
7/8 L-Ml
IIL84 610 2826 5/-
7/8 8.4 KO 6J6O 35W4 61- 1612 1616 61- OC82 10/-
31- OC122 18/-
UL94 6 <9 EF74 4/- HK04 ML9K 22/6 tit PX4 i;iT8 71- 20264 8/- 71- IOAK
AKB 638
iuaw • 81-8/8 3SZ3 10!- 61-
?/- OC200 10/0
DL96 71- BF80 BI- HL23 61- PX2S #/-
PY33 vus 8/- BAL3 6- aj/c 61- 35Z4(:T
35Z60T 6/-6/-
31- XC141
XC143
13/-
151-
DL910 8/- EF84 HL23DD 8/- PY80 37 61- 4/8 XC1S5 20/-
DK819 IS/ EF89 8/8 HL41
BYSO 4/- PYSI 61- XC156 22, 6
E801 23/- Km EF91 «/-
3/6 HVKa
K3A 8/-
30/- PY83 30L6GT 81-
53.4 7/6 4063 3/6 2X247
2X502 9/6
471-
E98CC 12/- em 8/- KT32 «/- PY83 PV800 8/-«/- P.O. RADIO LTD 87 61- 31-
301- 2X083 JO/8
E90CC 10/- EF98 81- KT33C
KAM 1/- EFOS 6/- KT44 S/S PZl-34 6/ #/- 5704 01- 2X1090 20/-
EA73 7/- EFlsa 8/- KTt) 4 QP21 PZ1-78 12/- I 170 60LDHAWK ROAD, W.I2 12.46 69 01- 5726 61- 2X1091 28/8
EABC80
RAC9I 6/3 EFlfl4 8/- KTfi6 10/- QP26 6/-
8/8 BH80 61- , Shepherd's Bush 4946 j'-t-vr OTBSSS IS a TOOK inclaii Calhode Ran Tubel
and Spniol Valrts. U.K. Orders below 21 P. & P. 1/-: over
EAF42 81- EL32 3/0 KTra KT67 15/- QP23I) 6/- ,| *1,2/-; over *3. P. A P. free. C.O.D. 2/6 estm. Overse,la
0805/10 S/8 Open 9-S,30 p.m. Thursday 9-1 p.m. Postnge extra at cost.
470
 For the Finest Value and Service to

Lmrt HOME CONSTRUCTORS &

ELECTRONICS ENTHUSIASTS
RADIO
Wa oonridet cot coubsctkm pWMlt (o be tbe flneit raise oo tba home coutnetor market. U on receipt pea lee) not
Dompeteni to build (be eet, jon mar retina it as receitai within 7 dan, when the rum paid will he refunded leu postage'
DEMONSTRATION STUDIOS CONSTRUCTORS BARGAINS
Lasky^s Radio are proud to announce the opening of The "Sixteen1 Multirange
their re styled and completely modernised Hi-Fidelity METER KIT
and Electronics components store and showroom at: This outstanding meter was featured by Praelical inrelmt
lapletethekitJan. '84 issue.
of parts Lasky's
as specified aredesigner.
by the able to oOcr the com-
207 EDGWARE ROAD, W.2 EAHOE SPBCIFICATIOR: U-C. volts: 0-2,»-23-30-2J0-S(K>
at 20,0000/V. A.C. volts: 0-25-50-260-600
D.Coorrent; 0-50UA, 0-2,6-30-9SOmA. Resistance: at 1.000 n IV.
0-2,0000,
0-200k0,
coil. 0-20 MO. Baslemovement: 40ftA f.8..d. moving
MfiA. With Blackuniversal
plasticshunt full xij
case—3J scalexljin.
deflection current 12is
Controls;
USjCYSBADlOJ lUsj^ position
D.C. ohms; ubras aero adiustment pot, meter, metervolts—
range switch; separate slide ewitch tor A.C. zero. Data and circuit nvuil-
Power
with allrequirements: One 16v.
parts and full and one l.Sv.
constrootlon baits.If.P.Complete
details. Terms able separately, 2/8;
available. refunded If Pair
all [artsof
LASKY'S PRICE £5.19.6. P. A P. 0/- batteries bought.
I 2/- extra,
NEW—LASKY'S MINIATURE
TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER MODULES
Incorporating the very latest drcuitry
to provide high sensitivity and good
quality In Mniuncthm with extreme small
size and compactness. High quality
Sew Hi-Fi
foiitureaDcmonatratkm
Include epneioas open layout," Tapenew*
Bar,and
" Sen Service Coiupouente Ifewmotket transistors nsed thronghont.
and
choice Studio.
from the largest stocka in GreatAbntutclv
Britain—backed byright up tomat
Latkv'e for yourDept..
dateerperienec caav
ami
All designed to operate on 9v. miniature
battery.
imme—aynonyiuoua with EtcctroolcB tor over 30 yeara! TYPE PC X. 3 translslor. Input sens.
50 mV., output 150 mW,PRICE
40Q,ai«2XlXjin. output 27/6imp.
REMEMBER LASKY'S GUARANTEE YOU
THE BEST IN ELECTRONICS TYPE PC 8, Imp.
mW, output 9 transistor.
18n, size 2J Inpnt
X 1}Xsens.
fin...,XmV. output22/6
PRICE 330
SPECIAL INTEREST I IT MS! TYPE PC S. 8 transistor. Input sens. 8 mV, output 400 inV, output Imp. ISO, size
2| X 1} X {in PRICE 25/-
TYPE PC 4. 8 transistor. Input sens. 180 mV, output 330 mV, output Imp. 15Q, size
TEST METER ADAPTOR 25 x 15 x Jin. PRICE 22/6
Type
whichP.E. 230—thlo
enables nny SOla ralctoamp
a folly trnnaistorfaed device
D.C. Multimeter to TYPE PC 6. 6 transistor. Input sens. 8mV, output 3W, output Imp. 3 0, size 6i59/6
X
be nsed In place of a valve volt meter. Oo the XV. II X lin. PRICE
range an, impedance of 1 megohm Is offered
increases on the 1060 V. range to 100 megohms. which TYPE PC 7. 6 transistor. Input sens. 8mV, output 1W, ontpnt Imp. an, size 3 X
7ranges: I to 1600 volts, Designed for Immedlute li X tin. .. PRICE 39/6
conBectlon to for
quite suitable Avouse8 and
withsimilar slee30maters
any other but
micronmp Add 1/- on each lor post and packing
meter. SlaeGX 6 X 0 in. Sow and boxed. List
Price 7 Oas. SINCLAIR SUPER MINIATURES
LASKY'S PRICE 39/6 We stockdeals.
the complete range of Sinclair Super-miniature kits. Write for defoila of
Post 2;(J. Set of batteries J/S extra. package
THE MICRO-6 miniature radio only l| x liV X liin 22 19 8
SPECIAL PURCHASE—UHF/VHP TUNERS THE SLIMLINE 2-trnnsistorpooketradio — 22 9 8
THE M1CR0-FM. Ituncr/receiver) 25 19 8
Well known British maketa" surplus stocks. Now available tor the flret THE X-20 20 watt P.W.M. Bmplltler 87 19 8
lime to the Home Constructor. Available ready built, tested and guaranteed £9 IB 6
TRANSISTORISED UHF MINIATURE MODEL THE X-10 10 watt nmplMer and pre-smp 19 19 8
Shielded metal cn«e only Si X li X 3in. Fully tunable—complete with Available ready built, tested and guaranteed £0 19 6
two AP 1S9 trans Is tors. LASKY'S PRICE 39/6 THE Z-t2 12 watt amplifier and pte-ampllfier. Fully built and tested tt 9 8
VALVE UHF MODEL (fKurtraW) \/ P -. CJ O A D High grade laminated board with copper strips
In nielnl case else 4 x 6 X liin. Fully tunable—complete with PCC86 * trwox-spqrvu — bonded to and pierced with holes.
Boards
and POC88 valves. LASKY'S PRICE 33/6. Without valves 26/-. 3/8 Aoeeisotits
cutler■—pkt.oIBO
42/1803 X 5 lo. Terminal
TRANSISTORISED VHF MODEL I 43/1604
48/1607 SfXX 531Inin 3t-
5/2 Spot facepins tool 3/-
8/8
Miniature turret type fitted with 12 eete of coils and 3 Motlard AFJ02 transletora. 40/1808 3J X 3i in Fin inserting tool
S/8 Post 8d. psrltsm extra. 6/6
metel case size 4 X 2 X Silo. LASKY'S PRICE 29/6 44/1808 31X1710. 12/8 Orders of 10/- and over pott free.
TRANSISTORISED VHF MODEL 2 TRANSISTORS ALL BEAND FEW ASD QDAEAHTEED
Sob-mlnlalture turret type fllted with 12 sets of oolle and 3 Mullard AF102 tnmmstors. GET 81, GET 85, GET 80 2/6; 8J3A, 874P 3/8; 0015. OC71, OC81D 4/8; OO 41.
In metal case size 3 X If X 2ita. LASKY'S PRICE 37/6" OC 70. OC
OO 82D
76, 7/0:
OO 81OC6/8;
Add 9/8 Poet and Packing on each. OC 73, 201,pair (10/61;
OC £64 15/-;AFOO1X7,205,OCOC
2002068/8,'
19/8:OOOC28
42. OO24/6;
43.
OC 79 8/-.
GORLER UT 340 FM/VHF TUNING HEART
Permeability TRANS FILTERS By BBTJSH CBYGTAL CO. ArsiUWs Ifom itoek.
metal case, birotoned
3 X —21covering
X IJIn. 87Circuit
tol08supplied
Me/s. For use with one ECC8S valve. In TO—OlE «J6 kc/s. + 2 kc/s. 1 TO—02D 470 kc/s. ± 1 kc/a. 7/6 EACH
TO—OlD
LASKY'S PRICE 15/11 Poet 21-. ECC85 valve 9/- extra TO—02B 470 105 kc/s.-h
ke/s. ± 21 kc/s.
kc/s. OT—OlB
TF—OlD 465 470 kc/s.
kc/s. ±
± 22 kc/s.
kc/s. ' POSl 60.
207 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W,2 T«l;PAD327l | 42TOTTENHAMCT. RD.,LONDON,W.I Tel:LAN2S73
33TOTTENHAMCT.RD.,LONDON,W.ITehMUS2605 IS2/3 FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C.4 Tel:FLE2833
Both open all day Saturday. Early doting Thursday, I Both open all day Thursday. Early dosing Saturday.
Please address all Mall Orders and Correspondence to 3-15 Cavell St., Tower Hamlets, London, E.I. Tel.: STE 4821/2

LASKY S FOR SPEEDY MAIL ORDER SERVICE

47!
 CONDENSE. BARGAINS!
ELECTROLYTIC
•25uf , I'Svolc
32irf...
3volt lOuf 2uf fivolt 64uf
6volt iSOuf >volt
Svolt 3-2uf Suf
64volt
70vo)t
2uf, 3volt 2Suf Svolt lOuf lOvoit 2of lOOvoit
Buf .. 3vc.lt
3volc 30uf fivole
20uf
lOOuf. 3volt 2uf
but Svolt lOOuf luf lOvolt 2uf
SOvolc Bui I SOvolt
275yolt
200uf. 3volt 20uf Svolt Suf Buf SOvolt
?volt 9/- ptr...dox,SOvolt
3uf . tlvolt 200ufall ... at I/-l2volt
each orlOOuf ISvolt 32uf ISvolt
4Mf . llvolt
6uf . Uvolc Buf 6uf ISvolt 7sour ISvolt Muf 25volt
8 tips lOuf .. I Jvolt lOuf ISvoit a-suf ISvolt I SOuf 2Svolt
ISvf l2voIt 30uf ISvolt
ISvolt 4uf 3uf 25vott I6uf SOvolt
toour. llvolt SOuf 25volt _6-4uf ... 40volt
all at 1/3ISvoit
each or- 25uf
11/3 per 2Svolt
dozen 12'Suf -Wvolt
5,000uf 12volt 4/- each- 25voIt 31- each.
PAPER CONDENSERS each doz. 100 1,000
for praitiinl •OOluf
•001 uf SOOvolt
I.OOOvolt 5/3 291- 67/5/. ■000luf SOOvolt
7d. 6/9
»d,
-002uf SOOvolt 7d. 5/3 29/- 37/6 £9/7/6 -OOluf SOOvolt
£7/5/- SOOvolt
OlSuf
•OOSuf 300 A.C.
750volt Vd.
7d.
6/9
5/3
37/6
29/- £9/7/6 •002uf
-OOSuf SOOvolt
•02uf 350volc £7/5/-
soldering •02uf
■luf 600 A-C. 1/36d, 11/3
SSOvolt
4/6 25/-
6i/6 tft/ii'/e 7/6 per 100.
£3 per 1,000.
•tuf 7S0volc t7id.
9d. 5/8
6/9 31/3 £7/16/3
-35uf 350volt lOd. 7/6 41/8 37/6 £9/7/6
•Suf
-Suf
(SOvolt
SSOvolt I/- 91- 50/- £10/8/- £12/10/-
•Suf tli
I/O
1/6 la/O11/3 62/6 £15/12/6
SILVER MICA,SOOvoltCERAMIC, 13/6 75/- HO/IS/"
POUrSTTRENE, £18/15/- Mixod typ.a, value.,
10/- per J00.
RESISTORS, i watt to 3 watt Close Tolerance, Mixed valuet. Polythene
wrapped on cards of 10. Fantastic valuel Only 50/- per 1,000 piui Sl-
post and packing.
RESISTORS FOR TRANSISTOR WORK. Low valuet. i watt. 5%
'cads. Excellent quality. 50 for 10/-. Our teleccion only,
l - LJntetted,
Computer Switching unmarked. Excellent
Transistors- VeryValue
small.at 12/6for
NPN orSO.PNP. £1 for6I0O.
for
.
dozen, '24/5
50/- IOO. Switching1.000.
£12/10/-per Transistors, 6 for 10/-. Diodes I/- each, 9/-
. 5... S- Ah .15 Transistors, Tranaistors, components, circuit, to make, 10/- only.
LOUDSPEAKERS. Sin.. 4tn.. orcomponents (excluding
Bin,, 10/. each. meter), 10/.
. only.
EARPIECES. Magnetic, Lapel, 10/- each.
Magnetic, S/-each. With plug and lead, With plug and lead.
F,C,
hH£ MAKE. MONO 14/-, STEREO 21/-. DIAMOND STEREO M/»
ACOS
G. F. MILWARD
17 Peel Close, Drayton Bassett, Nr. Tamworth, Staffs.
Phone: Tamworth 2321
ORDEkS UNDER 10/- PLBASE INCLUDE Ij- POST AN0 PACKING

The SUPER 6
LONG AND MEDIUM WAVE
TRANSISTO R RADIO
m * Component
6 traoslstorspositions
nnd diode. + 33(tmW. 4. on
Supcrhet, Perritc roil aerial.
cabinet, 11X7i X 3i In. -*• Vinyl covered. *0X4 In. speaker. ★ Wooden
•if and rcterencea prluted buck of board,
8/-. Free with kit. if Lining up service, if AH parta supplied it Booklet
separately.
Write for Hat, S.A.E, please. VT0 or X'.P.O. <3/0 with kit).
COMPLETE SET OF PARTS ONLY £4 .0.0
OB FVLLr BOUT £4.7.8 Tax & Can. Bali (PLtTS 5/- POST)
AM/FM (V.H.F.) RADIO GRAM CHASSIS £!5.IS.O

NEW! jT||yTn
The Instant Heat
Soldering Kit complete with Chaasla aize 15 x fli x CJIn. high. Sew manufacture. Dial 141 * 41o. la
2 tips, extension barrel, probe and solder. cream and red. 200-2S0v. A.C. only.
... Complete £3 19 6 Picfc-ap. BzL Speaker,otAc., P., and Dipole Sockcte. Five pushbuttons—
J
Ask for a demonstration from your local „ SOO-MO ST.; 88-100 Mc/»;
M.: 'd Gttul
6-17i, Mc/s.
AlignedEZ.80
and tested. Tone control.
rect., ECH81, BF89, lOOO-lBOB
EABC80,
dealer or fill in the coupon below for full EL84. KOC80. 3ohm speaker required. 91 Cln. Elliptical Speaker 25/-.
TKBMB:
«i8.X0.O. 14.0.0 down
taroolt and
diagram i monthly
8/4. V.H.F.payments
Bipole of
12/4. *8.10.0.
Feeder Total
Bd. yd. K.P.
Camprice
to
details. ST. Ireland 20/- extra.
USH8UTTON
PE/7/66 M,W; B.W.I; tf 8,W.2; \'HP; Oram; Btereo STEREOGRAM
Gram. Two separate chassis
cbannela /or
Name .. Stereo Gram with balance control. Also operates with two speakers on RaUJo.
EF89; 21 X10ECLSfi; EM84 and Beet, cream and red I5*X 3*. ECC85; ECH81;
Address Joife H.P.
Total f, ®- price
? <»"• fald or *5.0.0 deposit and 6 aionthty payments of £4.8.0.
*£0.16.0.
BURGESS
BURGESS PRODUCTS CO. LTD. GLADSTONE RADIO
SAPCOTE, LEICESTER, 66 ELMS ROAD, ALDERSHOT, Hants.
SG 1225 KIT Tel: Sapcote 292 Tele*: 34549 (2 mine, from Station and Base*.] Aldershot 22240
CLOSED WEDNESDAY APTEKNOON CATALOGUE 6d,
BULK ENQDIBJES INVITED FOE EXPOEX

472
KEDOCO

TRANSISTORISED MODULES BRING TOP-QUALITY TO HOME

CONSTRUCTION HI-FI TAPE EQUIPMENT - AT INCREDIBLY
LOW COST!

KEDOCO STAR FEATURES ■ Kedoco quality control ensures high product performance — always ■
Transistorised modules ready-assembled for simple, speedy wiring into circuit ■ Units operate from 12
volts — Idea! for out-and-about recording ■ Miniaturization of modules permits compact packaging ■
Complete flexibility in design from eight basic units ■ Money-back guarantee on all products

CLASSIC TRANSISTORISED TAPE EQUIPMENT KEDOCO COMPONENTS

20-WATT AMPLIFIERS TAPE PRE-AMP SSTR/7 A COMPLETE RANGE TO SATISFY ALL
All silicon transistor. Zero hum. High gain YOUR NEEDS
SS2Q/7 £9/19/* and equalised at 7i" per sec. to give flat response
The now well proven model as illustrated com- output. Simple mod. described in accompany- ZENHR DIODE
prising pre-amplifier measuring 4-7'.. l-y ing instructions allows equalisation at all speeds. Silicon planar diffused units featuring very
and main amplifier measuring d-S' : t 4" both Suitable for all medium impedance heads. sharp knee. Type No. specifies voltage.
mounted on base plate and supplied complete Dimensions 40 ; SO ": ISmm. ASSEMBLED Type KZ7-5 KZ5-I
with bass, treble and volume on/off controls. 29/4. KZ8-2 KZS-6
MINICLASSIC PRE-AMP SSPA/50 KZ9-I KZ6-2
Tone controlled high gain preamplifier designed KZ6-8
specially for application with the SS3/I0. All 10% tolerance.
silicon transistor. Zero hum, requires 12 Slope resistance nominally 10 ohm at SmA, Ij.
volt + H.T. Dimensions 70 X 40 3Smm. Dissipation 250mW.
Separate inputs for crystal ceramic cartridge Temperature coefficient 0-01% per degree C.
and radio. ASSEMBLED 42/-. PLANAR EPITAXIAL 3/11 each
MINICLASSIC SS3/9 AND SS3/I0 SILICON TRANSISTOR ^*4 '/}'
Two high fidelity amplifiers providing adequate GOLD PLATED. KPS26I2/.'
SS20/8 HONS. power for normal domestic listening or portable ALL WELDED KPS27 14/4
A de luxe version complete in itself and ready to equipment. The SS3/9 is the more powerful Double diffused npn. Suitable from audio to
mount Into your cabinet. Supplied with three and provides a maximum of 6 watts into a 3 ohm
controls mounted on the front of the stove speaker. The SS3/9 provides 4 watts Into 3 RF power applications. Ico less than lOOnA.
enamelled chassis and has moulded plastic and ohms and has the advantage of working from a B«bo greater than 20 volts. Power output
spun aluminium control knobs fitted as standard. 12 volt rail. Specification; Frequency response, at 28mc/s typically 300mW. Emitter/base
A tag strip mounted on the back of the chassis 16c/s to 30Kc/s. Input Sensitivity I volt. Both breakdown voltage greater than 5 volts.
in addition to facilitating the L/S and H.T. will operate directly from crystal pickup and Typical Ft 300mc/s. K,c 20 KPS 25 min. 50.
connections provides separate inputs for crystal, make complete tape amplifier with SSTR/7. KPS 26 and 27 are two special low level tran-
ceramic cartridge, magnetic pick-up, radio and 6 transistor 2 diode. HT 4- SS3/9 18 volt. sistors specially designed for front end ampli-
tape recorder. The max. dimensions of the SS3/10 12 volt. Dimensions 50 '. I OS x 22mm. fication. Hio at U = 200pA, 25 and 40 min.
whole unic are H' ' 91* ;. 2*. 49/-ASSEMBLED, both models. respectively.
Record pre-amp Sr/8 couples SSH/9 to ribbon RESISTORS { WATT HYSTAB
SS20/9 19 GNS. and dynamic mic. High gain all silicon tran- 4-7n, 10,27, 100, 150.270.470. IK. I SK.2-2K.
A beautiful table model version with its own sistor. 29/4, 3-3K, 4-7K, I0K, I SK, t8K. 24K. 33K, 56K.
power supply and In keeping with the modern TAPE OSCILLATOR SSOI3 )00K, 330K, 560K, !M. Sd.each.
trend to build hi-fi systems from self contained Complete unit incorporating push pull silicon ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
separate and compact units. Ready to operate transistor oscillator giving adequate erase SpF. lOpF, 30pF, 50pF. I00/.F. ISV. All at
and to connect to tape, gram and radio via power and recording bias. The only unit on 1/3 each.
coax, sockets at the back of the cabinet. The the market at such an economical price. Ferrite
amplifier and power supply are housed in an pot tore oscillator. Frequency 50-40Kc/s. MYLAR CAPACITORS
attractive pressed steel case finished in a sub- Unit also provides high voltage D.C. rail for I.OOOpF, 2.000pF, 4d. S.OOOpF and O lpF 7d,
dued grey stoved enamel and embellished with a the record amplifier. A high efficiency oscil- O OlpF, 9d. •05pF. lOd. 01/«F, I/-.
gilt brushed aluminium front panel engraved lator operating from II volt supply at approx.
and displaying the four controls. Treble, bass, 2S0mA. Dimensions 90 54 3Smm. MICROPHONES
volume on/off and three position input, selector. COMPLETE 49/4. CRYSTAL MICROPHONE
Cabinet measurements 12":: i'S' : 2 ('. RECORD AMPLIFIER SSH9/3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Fully transistorised. High voltage HT. rail Complete with detachable desk stand; smooth
derived from oscillator. Provides substantially slim round design with satin chrome finish.
All three models employ similar circuits, have constant current record signal. I volt input Supplied with locking on/off switch, 7 ft. cable.
the same electrical specification and are fully sensitivity. Input impedance Sk. Power re- Response 60 to 10,000 cps. £1.18.0.
transistorised. Six silicon planar transistors quirements ImA 75V. derived from SS013 and OMNI-DIRECTIONAL DYNAMIC MICRO-
and two germanium power. Two diodes. All ImA 12V, This is a gain stabilised low dis- PHONE
have benefits of negligible noise and distortion, tortion circuit. Dimensions 45 '" 40 20min. A beautifully finished professional microphone.
high efficiency, low power consumption, com- ASSEMBLED 45/-. Response 30 to 13,000 cps. Supplied with desk
pact design and no warm up time when switching stand and cable. £3.12.4.
on. The amplifiers are D.C. coupled throughout POWER SUPPLIES
(no distortion) and there is a transformerless LAPEL DYNAMIC MICROPHONE.
coupled output having a very low output 30 volt. 3 amp. Ready built and ideal for your I* diameter. Very sensitive and supplied with
impedance. Power input, 20 watts peak into Kcdoco Classic and will power 2 of them. 49/4. long lead and plug. 12/4.
3 ohm speaker. Input impedance, selected 18 volt, I amp 59/-, 12 volt, I amp 59/-.
.to suit input. Output impedance, 0-25 ohms. Sub-miniature 6 transistor, 3 diode FM Tuner, LEVEL METER
'Bass boost, l2dB at lOOc/s max. Treble boost, Covers 88-l08Mc/», operates from 9U battery. Miniature moving coil meter specially produced
12dB at I6Kc/s max. Distortion 0-1% typical. Accurate tuning. Displayed on: horiiontal for level indication in tape recording, £1,4.9.
Frequency response. (6c/s to 20Kc/$. Noise, scale. Ideal as FM car radio— SSSF—£7/9/4 All KEDOCO products are fully guaronteed. Should you
BOdB down on max. output. Power require- ASSEMBLED. not bemoney
completely satisfied
ments. SS20/7 and SS20/8 only. 20mA Sub-miniature superhet AM Tuner—SS4AM your
of receipt. If purchases arewe will Immediatety
returned within sevenrefund
days
quiescent. 3 amps peak. 30 volts. completes your hi-fi system—£4/9/4.

KEDOCO ELECTRONICS LTD. new showrooms and mail order department

Department
r PE,' 76 Victoria Road, Swindon. Personal callers welcome. open 99 a.m.
a.m. —
—■ 4.30
1.00 p.m.
p.m. Wednesaayt

473
 Z & I AERO SERVICES LTD. Ketall Shop:
as TOTTENHAM COTOT ROAD, LONDON. W.X
Head Office and Warehouse: 44A WESTBOURNE GROVE, LONDON, W.2.Tel.: LANi&sm Tel.: 8403 Opon alldiir Siturd^r
PARK 5641!2fa
OA
obs2 6A07 SC4 8/6 7B5 10/- 12S 12SQ70Tfl/e EBF89 7/- BP95 6/6 OZ30 81- PL38 101- UBF80 71-
6AJ5 6C6 8/-
osa
OC3
OAKS 6CB8 (!/- 7B6 7B7 11/- 71- 14Q7 10/-
Y3 EBLI SO/-
EBL31 14/- EF98 12/6 QZ33 10/- FL38 16/- UBP84 7/8
EF183 8/- 0234 10/- pjtai OBF89 7/8
6AK0
6AL5 6CDOOA17/- 706 71- 1487 IB, ECC84 8/- KT6a 18/- UBLSl 11/-
OD3
IA70T 8/- 6AW0 ooho
6CL6 e/-
B/- 7C7
787 91-
18/. 19A05
207.1 8/
14/- ECCflS B/6 BF184 EF804 21'- KTSS 22/- PL82 PL8S UCC84 10/-
IB30T 7/- 6AN4 16/- 6CW4 12/- 7Y4 81- 20F1 14/- BRAND KCC86
KCC88 7/-
10/- EPP60 10/- N78 15/- PL84 00086 7/-
ICSQl «/. 6AN3 16/- 6C YG 10/. 7Z4 «!■
81- 2DP4 19/- 3523 ELS4 11/- K8P1 26/- P1.302 14/- OCF80 10/-
IDA
IG60T 71- OA KB 10/-
6AQ4 8/- GDKO «/. 10C2 181-
6EA8 11/- 14/- 35Z4G 10/- AZ31CBL31 15/- ECC18912/. EL37
ECF8U 8/- EL36 17/8
17/6
N8P2 22/- PL600
PABC80 7/9 15/- U0H21 9/8
IL4 S/8 6AQ5 6/- Ofl 14/- 10D1 20P5 12 S6Z40T 8/6 C¥31 OCH42 9/6
INOGT 10F1 1*1- SSASO 6/- SSZ5GT 8/- DASO 10/- ECF82 ECF8B 11/
7/6 BUI PO86
PC88 12/-
FL801 10/- UCH48
PP6/400 81-
1K4 8/- 6/- OARS
6 ARB
6,'- 8F6 8/- 10F3
8/- SP8G »/• 10F18 81- '25L6GT
d.j: 10/-
81- 2624G 8/- QOAS 12/-
DAF91
OAF32
4/fl
6/- ECF804
ECH21
18/-
10/-
EL42
EL50 PC97 JS/-
9/8 PY33 10/- OOH81 7/-
00082 8/8
IBS B/- 0AR8 17/8 6F13 6/8 10U 7/8 00B5 DAF98 7/ ECH35 12/. EL81 FC900 12/- 91- OCL83 10/-
184
185 4/8 S/- 6A88 6/- OKI 4 18/- 10PI3 12/6 ■ :
10/- 600060 »P9fi EOH42 9/6 EL84 BL8S P0C84 8/6 FY80 0F41 01-
1T4 8/- 6A80 6/- 6P18 11/- 10P14 13/- 2SZ6GT 11/ 27/6 UK 3 2 PCC85 81- PY82 PY81 . 6/6 6/8 OF4a
6AS7G 20/- 6F17 «/- 27M1 B<JH81 6/6 F.L83 PCCSS 12/-
itmt a/-
104 8/- SAT6 8AU8 4/9 8/- 6P23 11/6 12i 2ADG
ACS 2807 60/- 5005 80L6GT 6/8am OK96 8/6 EOH83 7/8 EL8Q PCC80 12/9 PV83 8/8 OF43
71- UF80
1U5 oavo s/- SP28
6F32 10/8 12AL5 8/- ?/- 30 AS 75C1 12/- 01.92 6/- ECH84 10/- ET.SO
DI.93 4/- ECL80 7/6 PCC189 18/- PY88 pyeoo 8'8 OF85
1X211 8/- 12AQ6 7'- aoc] 7/9 8SA1 25/- DL94 6/8 91- F.CL82 7/6 ELDS EL91 P CO805 12/8 8/8 OF80 11/-
2A3 6AW8A14/- 0GCG 2/8 12 ATS #/- 30C15 11/- 85A2
8/6 ELSfiO SSI- PCC808 14/- PY80X
QQVO3-10 OP89 719
302I 8AXSGT
18/8
674 9/- 32AT7
676G 4/- 30017 18/- 160B2 10/- UL95 DL9G 7/- KOL83 ECLS4 12/- POFSO
PCF82 7/6
81- 26/- 01/41 »/■
3A4 6B7 8/- 6J8 8/9 12AU6 8,' - 30CI8
30 P3 11/- B' OM70 5/6 • ECLSh- 9/8 F.Laai a/- PCP86 91- TT1S 85/- OL84 6/8
3AS 6B8 7/- 6J7 12 ACT
9/- 12AV6 6/8 11/- 806A
30FL1 12(8 e72A 36/- DM100 14/. 10/- EF3G EM34 12/- PCF87 18/- TT21 35'- UM4 10/-
SABOT 8/- 6BA6 6/- 6K6G 6/- 12AV7 30FL12 18/- 954 DY80 8/- BP37A 81- EMS5 8/- PCF80O U/- U26 n/- 007 8/- OM80 7f-
3Q4 8/8 6BE6 8/8 6K70r 8/- 12AW6 0Y86 8/- EPS!) EM71 18/8
3Q60T/0a/8 SBG6G 18/- 8K8 8/- I2AX7 20/ 30PU4 301.1 18/- 6/6
955 DYBT 14/- 9/- EF40 10/. EM80 71- PCP801
l'CF802 11/-
11/- U26 11/8 11/- OOO 7/
384
3V4
8/- 6BH0
8/- 6BJ6
7/8
8/- 6L6GC
6P26 8/-
18/6 12AY7 801.15
10/- 801.17 HI. 959 18/6 EI38A E88CO
K180F 20/-
EP41
EF42 8/0 EM81
EM84 PCF805 11/- U191 0261 12/8 0Y1N 9/-
5R40Y 8/- 6BK4 m- 6<i7a 12BAB 30P12 10/ 5763 KABC80 71- BF3U EM 87 PCF806 13/- 0281 13/- OY9X OY4X 0/-
BU4G B/- 6Bt,7GT 8/- 667
6D40B 8/8 6BN6 7/8 6877
12BE0
12BE7A 7/- 30PLX30FI9 14/. 6080 25/- EAF42 EB41
8/- EF54
5/- EFSS
ES91
ES93
PCF808 12/-
PCL80 18/9 U283 14/- OY82 6/6 9/6
5V40 B/- 6BQ6 11/. 6SK7 12/- 6146 27/6
I2BY7A10/- 30PI.13 12/- 6159 82/- BBC21 7/8 BP80 EYS1 PCLSl 9/- U801 12/6 UY86 6/-
sraoT 8/- 6BQ7 8/- 6SQ7 12E1 20/- 30PL1412/6 EF85 BY81 PCL83 81- U403 7/- W31 S/-
6Z3 J/8 6BR7 IS/. 6T8 I2J5GT 8/- 35 A3 651 30/- EBC33 71- EV83 PCM3 8/8 U801 18/- W8IM 8/-
&Z40 8/- 6BE8 61- 6D4QT 10/9 1SJ7GT 7/6 IA 6/8 BBC41 8/8 EP86 EF8a F.YSfl l'PGL85
CLB4 9/6B/6 UABCSO 6/8 X66 6/6
6/30L2 11/- A2I34 EBC8I 6/8 OAP42 0/- xoo 8/-
6AB4 11/- 6/8 6B87 17/-
6BW0 9/6 8V6 9/- 12q7G
6V6GT 7/8 12SA7 71-4/- A2293 16/- EBCflO 4/8 EF91
..jjr 12/- AC/HL/DD BBC91 91- EF93
EZ41
EZ80 PCL86 9/6 UB41
PCL88 18/6 XIBC4t 11/- X78 20/-
6AF4 10/- C8W7 10/- 6X4 4/- 128C7 *1- S5IA6T 71' EBP80 7/6 EF03 BZ81 PC160112/- 81- X81M 18/-
<>AF6G 11/- 6BZ0 6/- 6Y6G 16/- 128F50T9/- aswi AC/THl 10/- BBF83 81- 1 EFU4 EZ90 PFL2001J/8 UBC81 8/- Z729 .7/-
COMPLEMEHTAKY THANSISTOES—2N6D7 (SPK) And 7/759 23/-
2X1132 (PNP), 60 mc/4 cut-off; 600 tnJV: dlnsipatlon: 24-ranBe precision TYPE 108-IT MULTIMETER HEADPHONES
porG/bla meter, 5,600 o.p.v. D.C. Tolte, DX.R5, Low Impedance, balanced armature. E;irpleceB can
gain 80, 60/- per pair. 2.6-IO-OO.250-600-2500 V. A.C. Volts: Resistance;
30-60-100-250-500
2,000- ba used as sound powered Microphones, 10/-.
CATHODE BAY TUBES SQP1—as recommended In the 2600 20,000
V. D.C. current 0.3-6-SO-600mA.
ohrns-2-20 megohnri, Power output calibration lor Ho. CLR, High Impedance (2000O per insert). 15/-.
10 Assembly:
Practical Electronics OadlloMope in March and April Isauee. 600 chins line. *5/5/0. P.P. 7/8. Moving Coil Eeadptaoaes with moving coll Hand Microphone
12J.O.0. P.P. 5/-.Base 8/6. DO7-5;2J" screen; 6,3Vheaters;
EHT required 800V: Deflection Scnsitivltjr .125 nmi/V lor Sensitivity
POCKET
I,000Q/V,MULTIMETER
D.C. and A.C.TYPE
voltageU-Iranges 0-10- fitted with press-to-talk switch. Rubber carp ad ■. Cord
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Low with army
impedance. Brandtype
new. 6-pcInt
80/- ea.moulded connector.
X and .200 mm/V lor Y; Green phosphor medinm pcrslst- Resistance ranges 2,000 ft -200,000 (]. Brand new. £2.2 0. amsll quanUty available of eeoondhand assemblies, checked,
ence. 82,15.0. P.P. 6/-. Base 1/9. P.P. 7/6. In periect order. 8/8 ea. P.P. 3/8 per set.
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 TWO-WAY STUPENDOUS OFFER—£11 for £2- TOUR MASTER CAR RADIO
RADIOS The Princess
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tosnraDce. #/• post and radioon oBcrshops,In many for output—undoubtedly
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saving now
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—also acts as signal Injector and LT fault controls
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cabinet, lire 51 x 8 x dial with travelling
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with T^.F. citcoit 8/6, superhet 8/6 and easy to follow
woaderfnloBcr. Makewiring ami aligning
up eeveral while youInstractlons. Don't Use
have the chance. missthem
this
as presents and yon'U be loved for ever. Made-up chassia 10/- extra. reading
FINE Battery 1/9 extra. Data separately 2/6. frequency
TUNERS meter
60 pf -with 1/8,
longorspindle as Employing
•peclat frequencya
Illustrated, 12/- doe. WE ARE BEST FOR GARRARD discriminator the
Twin
long 60 p< not2/6,quite
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24/- and because they have been making Instrument I* Just
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GARRARD right
ltor canlorbemany of the lobsinstalled
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Sheet ATM2io,
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1000 28,8. 9. ires generator—dip-Sop, etc., etc, kit comprises:
Paxolin 2000
MOO 29. 9. 6.8. LABSO
27.19. 225. 0. 0. metal
—moving frontcoll
panel all prepared
meter. andtested
4 spedally stove enamelled
transistor
Ideal for transistor 7/9 for post and Insurance and diodes and all the necessary resUtors S/8)
and
projects. Hpcclnl condensers and circuit diagram (separately
oiler 12 panels fi x Complete with sendee sheet and templet all for 19/8 pins 2/9 post and ins.
S in. 5/-. NOUGHTS ANDthisCROSSES KAOHUnC—an oppor-
tunity to make very amusing Item—deecrlbed
CAR BATTERY -THIS MONTH'S SNIP- In Practical
40/-post Electronics, Kit at IB ewitcbes only
paid.
FLUORESCENT Veou forpossibly
Panel flame
2ft. JOw 125 Watt Mercury Vapour type but moreSwitch, etc.—mot
suitable. 12 lottbe'midgct
10/6, poet
Spot Lamp In addition to the normal paid.
Midget wire ended type 1/8 (Ex. equip.) or 1/9 new.
uses in photography and lighting generally
you
yourwill find that
shoulder a spotboon
is a great lightwhen
shining over
working
on Intricate and micro-circuits. This month MAINS POWER PACK
Meal lor cara- MAHS
van or boat lighting dne
offertoa complete
a fortunate" Philips
purchase we arelorable to sistor setaPOWER PACE designed
and ampllfiere. AdinoUbkto operate
outputtran-
6 v.-
gives thics ■ times aa one-fifth of its proper
" ontfit
price thus
about
showing 9 to 12 volts for np to 600 mA (class B working).
much light for same current as three ordinary car yon a saving of 80%. The outfit comprises Takes
PR1, the
PP3. place
PP4, of PP6,
any olPPT.
the following
PP9, and batteries:
others.
lamps—use also to light advertWog displays on 126 watt SPOT LAMP (gives approx. same Kit comprises; mains transformer-rectifier,
vans and lorries. 12v, 3 amps
fittingd.c.ascomplete with light choke-starter
as 600 watt ordinary lamp)—Polyester smoothing
tube—white enamelled
25/19/8, plus S/fl poet and insurance.
lllnslrated. tilled
bracket,
and adjustable monntlng condensers,and loaddiode
zener reeietor,
and 6,000 and 100 mfd.
instrnctlons. Bead
Halnt operated fluorescent, also available complete
as Illustrated. 2ft., 20 watt, 88/-: Sit.. 40 watt, <10 we offer the complete outfit inatperfect
with lamp holder—listed over snip at only M/6, plus 2/6 post.
87/8 both phns 6/8 post and Ins., also for callers order—unused but a little store soiled only
only, 4ft,, 40 watt, S9/S; 6ft., 80 watt, 49/6. 17/8 plus 6/8 post and Insurance. TAPE RECORDER
DEAC RECHARGEABLE BARGAINS
BATTERIES These nickel cadmium See !n the Dark—INFRA-RED BINOCULARS Capstan Driven, 5 Transistors
These HPKOIPHJATXOir:—200/7,000 c.p.s.—
cells
Wilt have negligible
deliver current Intenual
yon resistance.
require, reduce source Ifwillfedenable
from aobjects
high voltage
to be 400 roW, output—double track—twin speed
(3| and 7J> fast rewind time—Sin. spool
distortion and are completely reliable. seen In the dark, provUlng the gives one hour playing with standard tape,
Thgy may be recbarged . Indeftnltely. objects
red beam. Bach eye tubeinfra-
are In theraysol nn con- weight 7 lb. Siremktophone—tape
8 x II x Sin. spool
Complete
Beplocemente for PP3 87/-, V7 lg/9, tains a complete optical lens with batteries, and
V2 S2/6, PP9188/-or send for list. system as well as the Infta-red instruction manual. Nothing to go wrong
celt These optical systems can IfDeuiomtration
you use a goodgladly
tape given
and keep heads
nt our clean.
Croydon
750 mW TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER be used ascell,lens foretc,
T.V. cameras shop.
4 transistors inclnd- —light
supplied).
(details post andSpecial Sup Price
Insurance, 6/6. This Month 211/11/-,
log twoforIn posh-pall-
Input crystal or equipment. They are tumsedform
The binoculars and Part of the
believed to beArmy night
In good drivingorder,
working (Tabby)
bot THE "MINY"
inagnelio micro- sold without a guarantee. Price 22/17/6 plus 10/- carriage and iosurance.
phone or pick-up— Handbook 2/6. Best of on
control themike,
spool battery
driven machines, remote
operated 28/19/9,
feed bock 8loops—
scoeltlvlty ra/v. plus 6/- post and Ins.
Price 18/6. Poet and INTERCOM BARGAIN
ins. 2/8. Speakers MANAGING CHfiECTOfl
Sin. 18/9:
8in. X 4Sn.6in.18/6.
18/8; TWO OUT OF SEASON BARGAINS
I. 760 watt with
mounting Infrapnll
redswlteh.
silica gloss heater—wall
88/6 plus 6/6 post
and insurance.
3.completely
Two-heat
Siemens High waterproof elemeuls each 13 Two
electric blanket element. yds.
long; connect both for lull heat <70 watt) and
Speed Relay one onlybalance,
thermal for half10/-
'heat,
poettemperature
free. control by
Two
change260over
ohmcontact—plat,
coils adjustable tension
points 7/8. Will save time and Improve efficiency. Ideal in home—office—shop—•
Post J/-. sotgery, etc.ofComplete
stations each which can outfit
call thecomprise* Master
master and have unit and three
full two-way sub- When postage is not definitely stated u an extra
working.
No wiring problems as sobs fitted with 60ft. twin flex sod they phg into then orders over 28 are post free. Below 23 add
Mocganiie
has arrivedSealed
and wePots. Another
can now offer batch
quite aofrange,
these eoekcts.Originally
bny. Also inoluded
sold forisI18/X8/0.
packet ol rtapirs—and battery. plus
OUR FKICB—28/6/6, Nothing to 8/9.
elseand
3/6 poet
2 meg, all at 8/- per dozen per value, pins 2/9 meg,
namely: 6K. 60K. 10OK. 260K, 1 meg. I post insurance.
on firstprice
dozen, dozen,is then 1/- pereven
9d. each dozen,
this lees thanabout
Is only one
one-tenth of the catnlogno price and
doubted ly one of the best pots available. this is nn- ELECTRONICS (CROYDON) LIMITED
TnnW Condensers. 3 gang -0005 mfd air spaced 102/3 TAMWORTH ROAD, CROYDON, SURREY (Opp. West Croydon Station)
standard size with good length spindle. SO/- doz.
ot 3/9 each, post 2/9 up to six; 8/6 per dozen.
Timing Condsnssn. BakeDte type, -0006 mfd for
tuning
S/- each,orpost
reaction,
2/9 peri loch
doz. spindle, 86/- per doz. or post orders to: Dept. RE, SPRINGFIELD ROAD. EASTBOURNE, SUSSEX

475
 NORMA
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Robust Taut The newest small Multirange Meter obtainable with a specification
Suspended Meter Movement comparable to standard-size multirange meters,
£11-10-0 available from * Chosen at the Hanover Fair 1964 by a Panel of international Judges for
"Good Industrial Design

CROYDON PRECISION INSTRUMENT COMPANY

HAMPTON ROAD . CROYDON . SURREY Tel.: THORNTON HEATH 4025 & 4094

HOME RADIO (Hitcliam) Ltd., 187 London Road, Hitcham, Surrey, phone: MIT 3252

MirCHAK>
*
*

n IV
Translated into the Queen's English ..." Read all
about it." The gentleman is referring to the fact <*•
that Reprint No. 12 of the Home Radio Catalogue
is hot off the press. As always, its pages (all 210
of them) are packed with good things, things of
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mil-
enthusiast. No increase in price . .. better than
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\
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ii 1
476
 Practical Electronics

THIS MONTH
THE MIGR0BU6 MENAGE
The Postmaster General's declaration that the use of
any kind of eavesdropping or "bugging" equip-
ment is illegal in the U.K. is most welcome. CONSTRUCTIONAL PROJECTS
For some time we have noted with apprehension a
steady growth of the market in electronic eaves- FUZZ BOX 482
dropping or "bugging" devices—mainly of foreign STABILISED POWER SUPPLY 485
origin. The undue publicity these electronic gadgets
have received through bizarre television series and MICROBUG LOCATOR 497
films must be partly to blame for the cultivation of an MICROPHONE MIXER ' 515
unhealthy interest in secret listening among certain
sections of the general public. It is to be hoped that
the outlawing of these devices will discourage our own
manufacturers and retailers from pandering to such
(now) illicit demands. SPECIAL SERIES
It is probably true that the novelty of these miniature
devices may fascinate some of the technically minded BEGINNERS START HERE—21 512
and induce them to conduct genuine experiments,
without any real intent to eavesdrop on private CLASSIC COMMUNICATION
conversations. To satisfy one's technical curiosity RECEIVERS—BC342 518
is one thing, but there is a real danger that the tempta-
tion to continue listening may prove irresistible for
some. What might well have begun as an innocent
prank or experiment could thus easily develop into a GENERAL FEATURES
much more sinister and serious affair.
In welcoming the official clarification of the position SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 478
concerning "bugging" devices we appreciate that fully
effective enforcement of the ban on their use is largely USING TRANSISTOR DATA 491
beyond the capabilities of the authorities. It is a EXPERIMENTS IN LOGIC
frightening thought—but nevertheless a realistic DESIGN—2 503
appreciation of the times—that no one will ever be
entirely safe from this menace. And yet there is no
reason to accept passively the use of microbugs and
their like. Electronics enthusiasts, amateur as well as
professional, have an opportunity to apply their NEWS AND COMMENT
particular expertise in a worthwhile cause. Elec-
tronics which admittedly made the radio microbug EDITORIAL 477
possible also provides antidotes, including means for
detection. Such a "de-bugging" instrument, which ELECTRONORAMA 510
can be built by any capable amateur, is featured in our READOUT 520
pages this month. AUDIO TRENDS
The anonymous snoopers will be discouraged and 524
their pockets hit every time one of their hidden DETACHED PARTICLES 528
playthings is tracked down and destroyed. As with
other kinds of pests, even if we cannot entirely
eradicate the electronic variety, we can hold them Our August issue will be published on
severely in check. Thursday, July 14
All correspondence Intended for the Editor should be addressed to: The Editor, PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS, George Newnes Ltd., Tower
House, Southampton Street, London, W.C.2. Editorial and Advertisement Offices: PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS, George Newnes Ltd.,
Tower House, Southampton Street, London, W.GJ. Phone: Temple Bar 4363. Telegrams: Newnes Rand London. Subscription Rates
including postage for one year, to any part of the world, 36s. © George Newnes Ltd.. 1964. Copyright in all drawings, photographs and
articles published in PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS is specially reserved throughout the countries signatory to the Berne Convention and
the U.S.A. Reproductions or Imitations of any of these are therefore expressly forbidden.
 By |. H. B. Gould

Much work has been done in the field of super- scientific curiosity has developed into what promises to
conductivity since the initiation, by the then Depart- be a major tool of science and engineering. Its
ment of Scientific and Industrial Research, of a national possible applications range from power generating
research programme into the applications of super- equipment with ratings of hundreds of megawatts to
conductivity in Britain. What, you may ask is microscopically small components for digital com-
superconductivity and how is it likely to affect our puters.
lives in the coming decade?
When a piece of metal is cooled down below ambient
room temperature, its electrical resistance falls as the PROPERTIES OF SUPERCONDUCTORS
electron scattering caused by thermal agitation grows The temperature at which the change from finite
less. There comes a point, however, when the conductivity takes place depends mainly on the strength
resistance ceases to fall, for at very low temperatures the of the magnetic field in which the conductor is placed.
electrons are scattered mainly by imperfections in the The presence of a magnetic field will force down the
structure of the crystals forming the metal. "transition temperature" or even prevent transition
But when H. Kamerlingh-Onnes cooled a sample of entirely (the "critical field"). Yet even in the complete
mercury into still lower regions of temperature he absence of a field, superconductivity demands incredibly
found that the electrical resistance again fell, but this low temperatures, temperatures at which all the gases
t0 zero at a
» marked temperature of minus except helium have solidified.
268-95 C. This discovery the beginning of Two types of superconductor have been discovered:
experiments into the phenomenon known as super- "soft" (also known as "ideal" or "type 1") and "hard"
conductivity. (otherwise known as "non-ideal", "type II" or
Onnes' discovery was made as long ago as "London").
1911, little practical use was found for the phenomenon Soft superconductivity was the first to be detected.
until quite recently. Nevertheless, these last few years Soft superconductors such as tin, lead, mercury and
have seen a radical change in the position, and the aluminium only remain in the superconducting state in
effect that for so long had seemed little more than a magnetic flux densities of less than a few hundred gauss.
478
Magnetic fields are unable to penetrate beyond the electricity, in bubble chambers, energy storage, ion
extreme outer layers of a type 1 superconductor; drives, and radiation shields.
indeed, it was thought for some years that all magnetic The one major disappointment has been the poor
lines of force were excluded entirely from a sample behaviour of super-conducting materials when subjected
when it entered the superconducting state. However, to an alternating field, when the material no longer
we now know that flux will penetrate to a depth operates in a completely "lossless" manner. In fact,
dependent on the temperature of the sample and its the losses in a.c. fields have proved to be so high that
purity. Another peculiarity of soft superconductors is the power needed to keep the temperature down to the
the fact that any electric current entering a super- "liquid-helium" level, more than outweighs the power
conductor passes through the outer skin of the sample, that would be lost in ordinary conductors working at
down to a depth of the order of one hundred-thousandth room temperature.
of a millimetre. Where direct fields alone are concerned, however, the
At the present time, many laboratories are conducting picture is more promising. Experimental work has
investigations into a range of materials that remain in been in progress in the U.S.A. on a superconducting
the superconducting state in very powerful magnetic excitation magnet system for a 600 megawatt turbo-
fields. These are members of the class of "hard" generator, and an experiment toward the same end
superconductors. Hard superconducting materials are carried out in the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences is
of two types: alloys such as niobium-zirconium and shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1. This simple
intermetallic compounds like Nb3Sn. This last material device is a d.c. generator with what amounts to a
has the highest transition temperature found so far: "permanent electro-magnet" supplying the field. An
minus 2550C. In hard superconductors, the current is armature borrowed from a ^mall motor runs between
not confined to the outer skin of the conductor, but is pole pieces in a soft-iron loop which is broken to admit
distributed fairly evenly throughout the whole cross- a superconducting coil. The coil is contained in a
sectional area. double Dewar—a laboratory vessel consisting of a.
There are other factors besides temperature and vacuum flask holding liquid helium inside another
magnetic field that affect the behaviour of a super- vacuum flask containing liquid nitrogen.
conductor. One of these 5s the value of the current The superconducting coil (of NbgSn wire) is short-
passing through it. Any electric current creates a circuited and a direct current induced into it. The
magnetic field, and according to Silsbee's hypothesis, voltage that has been obtained at the terminals of this
the critical current for a superconductor, that is the machine is 200 times greater than would have been
current which causes a sample to revert to its normal possible using a permanent magnet. In a full-size
state, is simply the current required "to produce the turbo-generator, the flux density created by such a
critical field at the surface of the sample. Other magnet system would do away entirely with the need for
factors that modify the behaviour of a superconductor iron in the magnetic circuit. Not only would this save
are mechanical pressure, carrier concentration and a great deal of weight and expense, but the considerable
ionising radiation. However, it is the three factors of loss of energy due to this iron would be absent.
temperature, magnetic field strength and electric
current that bear most directly on the applications of SUPERCONDUCTING BEARINGS
superconducting materials. When a conductor is moved in a magnetic field, an
electric current is induced in the conductor. If a
SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTROMAGNETS block of copper is brought near to a magnet, the eddy
To create a magnetic field in an ordinary electro- currents induced in the copper will repel the magnet, but
magnet, energy must be "pumped" into the windings;
when the field collapses, this energy is returned. No
energy at all is needed to maintain the field, just an
electric current. Unfortunately, ordinary electro-
magnet windings have a finite resistance and energy
must be supplied to overcome this resistance. On the DEWAB VESSEL POLE PIECES
other hand, if the windings had zero resistance, as
would be the case if they were superconducting, we
could have what amounts to a "permanent electro-
magnet"; for once the field current had been induced to SUPERCONDUCTING
flow it would continue for ever, as would the field it COIL
creates. No heat would be generated in the windings,
so that a very powerful magnet could be made as small
as desired without any danger of it melting.
Thus the discovery of superconductivity brought to
mind the possibilities of extremely powerful electro-
magnets weighing pounds or ounces instead of tons.
Complicated and expensive water cooling systems,
needed on conventional power magnets to carry away
the energy wasted as heat, would no longer be needed.
But it took the further discovery in the United States of ARMATURE
hard "high field" superconducting materials before mm
this dream could become anything more than a dream.
Bubble chambers, energy storage, ion drives for
spacecraft, electron microscopes, radiation shields and MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
power transformers could enter the realm of possibility.
Despite formidable problems, it is likely that the fig. I. Experimental d.c. generator using a super'
superconducting magnet will prove useful in generating conducting field winding

479
 FIELD COILS
that is. cooled to liquid helium temperatures. On the
A SUPEfiCONDUCTIKG other hand, more radical designs become possible
RING using superconductors.
Fig. 3 shows one such design in diagrammatic form.
A superconducting rotor in the shape of a polygon
runs^ inside a system of stator conductors. Currents
flowing through certain of the stator bars create forces
T on the rotor which act perpendicular to the surface of
u R ^ t» the rotor adjacent to the bars concerned. As the forces
SHAFT are "off-centre" with respect to the shaft, the rotor will
turn in the direction shown, i.e. counter-clockwise. In
turning, the rotor switches the currents into the next
series of bars so that the energised bars are always
in the same relative positions to the rotor. Such a
machine has been studied in the laboratories of the
General Electric Company of America.
THIN-FILM CRYOTRON
The term ^perconductor is no exaggeration; in a
superconducting circuit a piece of silver would act as a
Fig. 2. Cutaway view of an experimental form of super- relatively high resistance. Thus, the effect on a circuit,
conducting bearing when an element in the superconducting state reverts to
its normal finite conductivity, is like turning off a
switch. This "switch" can be turned off by tempera-
the force is so small that it is difficult to detect under ture, current, a magnetic field or even by mechanical
normal conditions. If the copper is replaced by a
superconductor, however, there is no resistance to
damp out the eddy currents and a heavy block of metal CONTROL FILM
can be made to hang in space supported only by the m (LEAD)
field of a magnet beneath it. If, in turn, we make this
superconducting block part of the journal at the end of a mn
iV/frA,
shaft, we obtain a bearing that has no friction losses
whatever, as the shaft is entirely supported by "field ■Si 'M
interaction". In Fig. 2, the field generated by the two
coils supports the T-section ring of superconductor
which is rigidly fixed to the shaft. GATE FILM (TIN)
SUPERCONDUCTOR MOTORS m
"Superconducting" motors and generators can be ;■ i ■f.
built on similar principles as conventional machines, but ma
with the windings made of superconducting material
CONNECTION FILM (LEAD)
MAGNETIC
FIELD Fig. 4. Diagram illustrating the principle of the crossed-
film cryotron (greatly enlarged)
O o
o o pressure or radioactivity. It is, however, electric
o current that controls the behaviour of a thin-film
o cryotron. •
ROTOR Basically, the cryotron is an extremely simple device,
for it involves nothing more than the intersection of two
FORCE o metal strips, electrically insulated from each other
(Fig. 4). One strip is known as the "gate", the other
o O as the "control". The gate is made of a material that
permits it to be switched from the superconducting to
o. the normal state by the introduction of a current into
the control. It is, in effect, a relay.
o o . The cryotron can be used to switch the automatic
circuitry of a factory or power station, and it can form
OSTATOR
w part of the logic scheme of a digital computer. How-
BARS
O O ever, its use in logic circuits is limited by its relatively
o O slow speed of operation (relative, that is, to the present-
day speeds of computers). As far as computers are
concerned, the cryotron is more likely to find its .place
in the memory system, a role in which it shows con-
siderable promise. If the strips of superconductor are
Fig. 3. Superconductor synchronous motor with polyzonal arranged into loops, any currents introduced into these
rotor loops will persist until some outside action (such as a
480
 +15 C| -269«C +15eC

O
o
SOURCE o LOAD
o %
o

DEWAR VESSEL

o o

on
o
o
o
o

4>

TT
(c)

fif. 5. Basic scheme of superconducting energy store, (a) The source of supply
gradually builds up, the current flowing through inductor 1. ot o rate controlled by
charging resistance R until the required value Is attained, (b) Switch S3 closes to
short-circuit the inductor; switch SI opens to disconnect the supply, (c) To diicharge
the inductor, switch 52 closes and switch S3 opens, diverting the current into the load.
S3 is a superconducting switch turned off by the field of a small electromagnet

current in the "control") determines that they do storage on a large scale is only practical where the
otherwise. energy can be pumped rapidly into the store and then
released immediately.
ENERGY STORAGE Both of these requirements are achieved if the
Storing large amounts of electrical energy is a costly inductor is wound with a superconducting material.
and sometimes inefficient business. One factor With no resistance losses, the field can be "trickle-
common to all storage systems is the great size and cost charged" from a low power source of electricity; the
of the stores (accumulators, capacitor banks, the inductor will hold its charge until such time as it is
reservoirs of a pumped-storage scheme etc.) in relation required. Fig.'5 shows one way in which a super-
to the amounts of energy that they can hold. As was conducting energy store could operate in practice.
mentioned earlier, a magnetic field can store energy; Many problems have still to be solved before the
but unlike an accumulator or pumped-storage scheme superconducting energy store is able to compete
this energy can be released in one intense burst. Its successfully with existing storage methods, but its
only real competitor at the present time is capacitor great potential seems to lie in situations where large
storage; this can be very powerful indeed. While a amounts of energy (more than 100 kilojoules) are
bank of capacitors must be considerably larger than the needed for.release over periods of a few thousandths of
inductor of a magnetic store of equivalent power a second. It could, for example, be used to supply the
rating, the losses in the latter are extremely high. energy for metal-forming processes of the "exploding-
These energy losses, caused by the resistance of the wire" type, or for pumping high power lasers.
inductor windings, are so great that magnetic energy
48!
 by Rl, a more sophisticated means of bias stabilisation
being unnecessary as any thermally induced changes
of the working point can only introduce additional
"fuzz".
The signal developed acfoss R2 is applied to the
single sided peak clipper diode Dl. Any type of
semiconductor diode could reasonably be applied
here, point contact or junction types. The value of
R3 is similarly non-critical, a choice of resistor between
600 kilohm and 1 megohm proving satisfactory in the
prototype.*
Squaring of the component tones of the guitar
complex wave input is completed by the overdriven
amplifier TR2, the output of this being fed to the
compound-connected output amplifier composed of
l part from the usual tone controls, there are at TR3 and TR4, which together further amplify and
r_K\ least three different electronic effects that are improve the squaring by reducing the rise and fall
currently In vogue amongst both individual guitar times.
players and pop groups. They are; This output is then differentiated by the CR network,
(a) Echo or effected by a tape delay made up of C3 and the output potentiometer VRL
cr a mechanical delay. This is made evident The resultant spiked positive and negative pulses make
as a periodic recurrence of a single sound. up the rasping "fuzzed" sound which can be fed to an
(b) Vibrato—sometimes mistakenly called tremolo— amplifier or other effects units by way of SK2.
is produced by mixing a fixed low frequency A requirement of this kind of unit is its ability to be
oscillation with the guitar signal. switched in and out of circuit without the instru-
(c) Fuzz Box—a harsh yet not unpleasant sound mentalist using his hands. This was achieved by using a
effected by wave shaping circuits. Here the single-pole changeover switch SI operated as a foot
impact of this contrived distortion is most evident switch. This serves the dual purpose of by-passing
on low frequencies. the effects box when the switch is not depressed and
energising the circuit, thereby breaking the by-pass
There are plenty of published designs for echo when foot pressure is applied. As can be seen this
units and vibrato units yet there has been little available provides a considerable saving in current.
on Fuzz Box circuitry, although considerable interest The setting of the output preset potentiometer
has been aroused in the subject. VR1 will be determined by the power output of the
Commercial units are. available but the price of these main amplifier and an optimum level can be found by
inclined the author to design and build his own. individual experiment,
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTION
The fuzz box is based on a three stage shaping Since the unit housing would be subjected to con-
circuit, shown in Fig. 1, The first stage TR1 is a tinuous foot pressure, it was decided to use an 18
simple pre-amplifier of medium gain the input being s.w.g. aluminium chassis, with the changeover switch
applied via an 0-47/iF capacitor C1. The value of this being mounted at one end. This allowed for easy
capacitor can however be decreased to O-l^F if fuzz control of switching as the foot is allowed to pivot on
bass is not to be used. Base bias current is supplied the box.

fcaX M. SCIBQR-RVLSKI *
482
Fig. I (right). Circuit rfiogrom of the
fo« box with footswitch

5-3 220 5-9 22

kO 1MQ
-9V

Bli
-4-
OluF
0-luF TR2 TR3 TR4

0-47ljF 0C7 OCli €Lr®c

Fig. 2a (below). Layout of VRl SKE
components on the tamlnateil AS Ikfl
wiring board

B 9 10 11 12 B 14 >5 16 fT
Sib • o o • • 0 • o • o o o • o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 o o o o o o o(Ol o o o o o o
VRl • o • o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o
•Jl. 0 o 0 0 • • o o o 0
)* • • • o o o
\tR3
SKI o 0 o o o • • • o o o o o (o) o • •
- m <\~ o o • • • -P-io, • • • • 0 o o o o 0
*r bo *• 0 o o o • • 0 o o o • 0 • • • o
Sfa JR+> 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
I to.
( o ot • o • o • 0 o • • • o • o o o o •
MS ! 0 o o o o 0 o 0 o o o o o o o 0 o
lb battery +vt
Fig. 2b. Underside of the component board showing
holes which are used (black) and copper strip breaks
COMPONENTS...
Resistors
M 68kQ R4 220kQ Assembly of components is made on a piece of
R2 3-3kQ R5 3-9kn Veroboard and can be readily followed from the wiring
R3 IMfl R6 2'2kQ diagram. Fig. 2. - Stand-off insulators can be used for
All ± 10%, iW carbon board mounting but in the prototype a section of
barrier terminal strip (block) served equally well.
Capacitors It will be noted that the positive line is taken to chassis
CJ 0-47^F polyester 160V by solder tags at the input and output sockets.
C2 0-luF polyester 150V
C3 O-lfiF polyester 150V
OUTPUT FILTER
Transistors
TRI—TR4 OC7I or NKT2M (4 off) A 5T network filter may be found necessary in some
amplifiers which have relatively large coupling
Diode capacitors (see Fig. 4). Its inclusion is dependent on
Dl OAS! Mullard the fuzz quality required. Its exclusion gives a some-
what heightened string intermoduiation which, in the
Potentiometer« author's opinion, epitomises the "wildness" of fuzz.
VRl—Ikl) preset, linear It is kinder to the loudspeaker however to use this
Switch filter if much high volume chord work is intended or if
SI Single pole changeover switch—S.M.357 Bulgin the speaker enclosure is found to resonate on account
of too fierce a fuzz. The filter serves to reduce the
Battery harmonic content which is considerable due to the
BY I 9V battery. Ever Ready PP3 or Vidor VT2 effectiveness of the squaring circuit.
The filter is inserted between the output capacitor and
Sockets the output level control. The potentiometer VR2 is
SKI-2 coaxial, surface mounting (2 off) adjusted for the desired effect.
Miscellaneous
Chassis: 18 s.w.g. aluminium, 6in x 4in X 2i-in EFFECTS SWITCHING
Verobo^rd: 2iln X l^in. P.V.C. covered wire There are three possible methods of installing and
Terry dip. Solder tags
using the unit:
483
 PftE-AMP ^OUTPUT

__
1 POWER
VRI

VIBRATO

foot switdi 9 Fig. 6a. Footswitch used to Introduce vibrato

o o-.o-» a m
oooo ®\L
«7D Vtt=4 .
. /-.J 1
A*iO
Oo : BOOST
oP ■
o- 15J >A
O'.o-o fit GUITAR
PICK-UP
1
50k
BALANCE
CONTROL
FUZZ
Bfl

Fig. 6b. Footswitch used to introduce fuxx

1

+: ZSOV 0,C. TO POWER

Fig, 3. Wirihg details of the unit. The full details of the AMPLIFIER
22kA
centre component, board are shown in Fig 2 3W
•!"
.
0AZ2OT 2 IOOOUF
TO SI 12V
(FOOT SWITCH)
I
FROM TR4
COLLECTOR R7
•.v.- . 3-Skfl 25kn
Fig. 7, Method of obtaining a positive low voltage supply
from the power ampllfler h.t.
C4 SIC2
0*001uF C5
O'OOllF

POWER AMPLIFIER
MAINS TRANSFORMER
Fig. 4. Pl-fllter connected to the output of TR4 ::
<5
240V ^ 6'5V 6-3V TO: VALVE
AC. 5 C.T. WPATrD<
HEATERS in
IN
MAINS o POWER AMPLIFIER
o
_
GUITAR POWER
PICK-UP Slo SZo S3a AMPLIFIER
APPRO* -9V
FUZZ - VIB. - ECHO _ iC .
TREBLE 1000B F
BOOST 4^pT2V
SIS 152 b 53h
01-4 (SEE TEXT )
—9V
Fig. 5. Suggested metftorf of .coup ting four effects'units id
the guitar amplifier Input Fig. 8. Rectifying the heater supplies to obtain —PY duxput

484
 (a) The unit can be installed in the amplifier itself,
either with a separate footswitch dontrol or with raamial
control to form a "fuzz channel".
(b) As a complete footswitch unit as described
earlier ihedriSra:ting all the electronics. The guitar
lead plug# into the footswitch unit Itself and the output STABILISED
from the unit is connected to the amplifier.
(c) As part of ah "effects box" which is external to the
amplifier. The remote control of this unit is difficult to
:acdiie|e without; either induced Hum or "sydtchpvcr POWER
click". However if good coaxial cable and a shielded
microswitch are, used then sufficient control is gained by
just shorting out fuzz input to fuzz output via the
footswitch. This system is really more; suited to the SUPPLY
type of unit described earlier.
If built into an effects box, one can have.#number of
facilities such as echo, fuzz, vibrato, treble boost and so BY P. RUSH, BA (Cantab)
on. All that has to be done is to link the required units
to switches on a control panel; a suggested set-up is
shown in Fig: 5. . Alternatively a footswiteh unit with
one switch for each effect can he used.
"It is possible to simplify the arrahgeitisftt by making An unstabilised power supply is usually not suitable
,0ne footswitch perform two functions, This "can be for driving a power amplifier since the current taken
particularly useful in groups. Forcxample, the rhythm by such an amplifier varies greatly with the signal
section would use vibrato/pre-amplifier switching and input. (Here we are assuming a class B output, as is
the lead section fuzz/treble boost switching. Examples common with transistor amplifiers.) Because of the
of footswi'tching fpr these are shown In, Fig. 6. current variation the voltage supplied from an un-
stabilised unit will vary with signal amplitude, resulting
FO WEI^ Sl!lPl^liS in distortion.
There are a number of different ways of providing
power to the subsidiary effects circuits; buttery supplies, STABILISATION
separate mains driven power unit, of tapping the h.t. The stabilisation of the supply keeps the voltage
from the:power ampfifier. Polarities and connections to the amplifier almost constant no matter what
pf the supply are very important, particularly when current is drawn, that is it gives the supply a very low
fiSing pnp transistors with a valve poWef amplifier. internal resistance which is comparable to, or better
The fuzz box uses pnp tran'istors. than, that of a battery.
Taking the first methddTbattery supplies) this should Fig. 1 shows the poor regulation of an unstabi-
present fib problems, but remember that transistors lised supply (initial internal resistance about 45 ohms).
require a negative supply and npn transistors a positive The stabilisation applied in this unit reduces the internal
supply. Never exceed the recommended voltage for resistance to only 1-8 ohms (0«9V drop in supply
each effects'unit.: "o voltage at 500mA).
The second method (mains driven power unit) can be The basic method of stabilisation is the use of a
made up from one of the circuits which have been or Zener diode. This Is a special silicon diode biased
will be published in these pages. in reverse. The voltage across it is always fixed by this
The third method calls for a certain amount of diode at a characteristic value, provided the supply
ingenuity and care. First Of all niikC sure that the voltage is greater. To limit the current through the
power amplifier supplies have enough reserve to enable
up to about 10mA to be drawn from the h.t., which
Will usually be in thefegfqn of about 250V positive. SPECIFICATION
This h.t. is not likely to be #abilised so it is advisable
tp employ a Zener diode, for example OAE207 or Input: 200-250V a.c.
OAZ272 for 9V, to help maintain a steady d.c. supply
voltlge. One methpd of doing this iSiishown in Fig. 7; Output 1: 13V d.c. 0-500mA
the extra components can be mounted on a small tag (internal resistance I-8 ohms)
Board inside the amplifier cabinet This is only
suitable for hpn transistors. Output 2: 9V d.c. 0-S0mA
Alternatively the 6-3V heating winding on the The power unit described here has outputs
amppfier mains transformer can be used if suitably chosen so that the unit Is suitable for supply-
rectified and smoothed. This is iUustraled in Fig. 8i ing a transistor radio tuner or pre-amplifier
It is important here to make sure that one side, of the (9V supply) and a transistor power amplifier
heater winding is not connected tb chassis; it is best to delivering up to 4 watts (13V supply). The
connect the centre tap of. the 6;3V winding to chassis,
which will also be cdmmbn to; the •'positive" Ime Of the ripple content is negligible and is in-
9V d.c. output. _ dk audible in the output of an amplifier
This method is suitable for pnp circuits and is powered by the unit.
probably the simplest. Thelpolarity Of the output can It is suitable not only for powering existing
be reversed for hpn transistors provided the negative equipment but for providing stable experi-
line is conneeted to chassis instead of the positive. mental supplies. Details are given for modi-
Almost any low voltage rectifier diodes Of low current fications.
rating can be; used, fbr example (5A2()0 or GA90,

485
Zener diode a series resistor, such as R1 and R2 in
this unit (see Kg. 2) is needed. The internal resist-
ance measured across the diode is equal to the dynamic
resistance of the device. This method of regulation
is used for the 9V supply.
An extension of the basic method is used for the 13V
supply. The transistor base voltage is fixed by D2
and so the emitter voltage is only about 0-2V less than
the characteristic voltage of D2 no matter what the
current. The transistor has the effect of reducing the
internal resistance of the circuit even more, here, for
the I3V supply, to 1 *8 ohms. '.aw*
Such stabilised supplies are not dependent to any
great extent on input voltage. This unit has been
operated on both 210V and 240V mains with only a
minimal difference In output voltage.

SUPPRESSION OF RIPPLE
Because the output voltage depends to a slight
extent on input voltage, ripple is automatically sup-
pressed. The capacitors C2, C3 and C4 incorporated
here reduce any remaining ripple to an almost un-
detectable level. The values of these capacitors might CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNIT
possibly be reduced without a significant increase in The prototype was built on a chassis of heavy gauge
ripple, but they are readily obtainable at the values aluminium. The layout used can be seen from Fig. 3,
quoted at low prices and are recommended. but this can be varied according to personal choice.
It is essential, however, that the transistor is given
an adequate heat sink, which is insulated from the
chassis, since it must dissipate several watts when the
COMPONENTS... unit is supplying a high current. In the prototype
the chassis is used as the heat sink with particular care
paid to insulation. A mica washer is used to insulate;
silicon grease was applied to the surfaces first. Nylon
or similar non-conducting screws are essential for
Resistors fixing. The diode Dl should also be given a heat
Rl I-Ik 10% | watt carbon sink; here it is insulated from the chassis with plastic
R2 470Q 10% ^ watt carbon bushes. Heat sinks are not necessary for D2 and D3
Capacitors with the values of components as given, but if run
Cl2 2000uF elect. 50V near to their maximum power ratings (i and 7 watts
C "] respectively) then a heat sink is advisable.
C3 >5000uF elect. 15V The original unit used a Zener diode type VA9-B
C4j which is rated at 2^ watts although it tended to get
C5 2500//F elect. 12V warm on test. It was decided to replace this with a
Diodes and Transistor Brush Crystal Zener type ZS 9-1 which is rated at
Dl BYZ 13 7 watts and should suit the application just as well.
D2 OAZ 213 (12 volts nominal, watt)
D3 ZS 9*1 or OAZ 292 volts nominal, 7 watt)
TRI XC H2 (Ediswan)
(All available from Henry's Radio and other stockists)
Transformer
TI Primary 240V a.c. mains. Secondary 24V I A, s
type 23 or equivalent (see text) (Samson's \
Electronics Ltd., 9 Chapel Street, London, N.W.I.) V
V
Fuse
FSI IA cartridge fuse and holder
Switch
SI Double pole on/off (mains rating), -slide or
toggle switch
Mlscel laneous
Two B7G valveholders and plugs. Four wander
plugs and sockets. P,V,C. covered wire, mains cable
and anchoring clip. Mica washer, 4B.A. nylon screws,
and silicon grease for transistor insulation. Alu-
minium sheet 16 s.w.g. for chassis S^in X m* x »A drawn
2i»n. Plywood for box 6fin x Sin x 3iin.
Fig. I. Graph of the had characteristic—output voltage
against had current for a typical low voltage unstabilised
d.c. power supply circuit
486
 SK5PW
FSI -SK(
BYZ 3 <--13V
M<
s,TRI XCMZ
47011 C SKZ
4-vt

240V 24V r SKJ

L.qv
Main Szooo 5000
bout SKSPinS
L CV 5000 5000 SK4
0*2213 25 94 TV*

SK5«fi7
+y«
_ SKSPW
v Sptoktr
Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of the stabilised power unit
The transformer is described in the components list. covered with insulation tape or sleeving. As a further
If an alternative component is used make sure that the precaution provide an anchorage point inside the
secondary has a minimum resistance of U ohms; cabinet for the mains cable in order to avoid pull on the
if not make up to this value with a fixed series resistor. switch terminals if the cable is tugged.
With this value the diode DI will not be destroyed The capacitor C5 is used between the loudspeaker
by the surge current when the unit is switched on. of the power amplifier and "earth" in transformerless
A slide or toggle switch may be used, preferably output amplifiers where one side of the loudspeaker
two-pole for safety. If the former is employed as on the would normally be connected to the centre-tap of a
prototype ensure that it is suitably rated for mains battery. This capacitor can be omitted if the amplifier
operation; some are not. Bare terminals should be to be powered is not of this type.

IU rlH l SIW j^TO nn i ana

TO PIN 3 SK5 ■TO PIN 5 SK5
MAIMS TO T1 PRIMARY
INSULATING INPUT RED. AT GREEN
BACKING C3 nn
PLATE
\ TP n
Fig. 3. Layout and wiring of
the power unit. The small com-
ponent board on the left and the BLACK
capacitors C2, C3, C4 and CS
have been moved for clarity.
The connections of Tft/ are Jllill GREEN _ SK3
shown looking at the pin side of -9V
the transistor. Notice the In-
sulation for TRI and the heat IV
sink fixing bolt for Dl. Sockets Li SKA
SK5 and SK6 are shown dfagram- T9V
matlcally; the tags are numbered
in a clockwise direction looking at 1*1 SKI
the undersides. Dl positive -1JV
(cathode) Is connected to the NYLON SK2
stud which should be electri- SCREWS 3 +I3V
cally Insulated from its heat sink SPACE FOR
MICA WASHER C2.C3.C4 &CS
INSULATED WITH
PLASTIC SLEEVING
TO POINT'A ON Oc
TAG STRIP
Oh
TRI

SK5 SK5

llil

487
 In the prototype the outputs were connected to example, suppose we require the unit to provide 13V
B7G type valve sockets; a B7G plug and multicore at 500mA.
cable connects the unit to the tuner and amplifier. A Fig. 1 shows that at 500mA the transistor collector
second socket for further developments and wander- is at 24V relative to "earth". There is thus:
plug sockets to provide supplies for experimental
purposes were also included. 24 — 13 = 11 volts acfoss Rl.
Now the maximum base current is
ALTERATION OF OUTPUT VOLTAGES r 500'
AND CURRENT RATINGS h - 62.5 mA
The unit can be easily modified provided certain
precautions are taken. To alter an output voltage — 8 mA
substitute a Zener diode of appropriate voltage and so Rl should carry l-2mA more than this, say 9mA.
alter the series resistor so that the current through it is Therefore Rl should carry 11/9 kilohms. The nearest
either (a) equal to the maximum current needed plus preferred value is 1 -2 kilohms.
about i-2mA (D3 and R2), or (b) equal to the maximum To alter the output current keep the Zener diodes
base current needed plus l-2mA (D2 and Rl). The as specified and alter the series resistors as described
maximum base current can be taken as roughly 1//? above, but in all such cases ensure that the wattage
of the maximum current which you wish to draw from ratings of the Zener diodes or the transistor (IIW)
the supply. For this transistor — 62-5. As an are not exceeded. ^

Vt* tk6
25/8
16 t.w.o. ALUMINIUM 7
' /*
>—
*4 -<y-
FOU) UP
<)—

—o
31

FIXING HOLE
FOfi MOUNTING
IN CASE
O 5/
3
a
/4H

23
/8

1V4- 7/"
'8—1 7^
Y
c U Va FOLD UP

KEY
01 A- Yv DIA.
HEAT SINK 2
2
'9 BB.N^KMILL
o /8 " TAP/B. A.
c= 3/l6 "
5/2 D= H
E-/2
INSULATING BUSHES
TO FIT
Fig. 4. Drilling details of the chassis made from 16 s.w.g. aluminium. The left-'
hand flange Is folded twice so that part of It Is U-shaped. A grommet should
be fitted to hole "D" for the wires to SKJ and SK6
488
 NOT BUILD ONE OFOUR
PORTABLE TRANSISTOR
All eompanintt mot be pureheitid leparately If detlred.
RADIOS... Peru price Hsu and easy build plans available separately
at prices stated, Overteat past 101',

BACKED BY OUR SUPER AFTER SALES SERVICE

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tuning condenser. Ferrite rod aerial for M & L Waves and telescopic aerial for S Waves.
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The perfect portable and the ideal car radio. (Uses PP7 batteries available anywhere.)
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Many stations listed in one evening including aerial, tuning condenser, volume control, new
Luxembourg loud and clear. Attractive case in type fine tone super dynamic 2J in. speaker, etc. Attractive case. Size
grey with red grille. Size 6i x 44 x Uin. (Uses PP4 battery available 6| x 4| x 1 Jin. with red speaker grille. (Uses 1289 battery available
anywhere.) Carrying Strap 1 /- extra. anywhere.)
Total cost of »U CO/A P. & P Parts Price List and easy build
parts now only 3/6 plans 1/6 (free with kit) Total «ost of all AJ If. P. & P. Pans Price List and easy build
parts now only ^1v 3/6 plans 2/- (Free with kit)
MELODY SIX SUPER SEVEN
0 8 stages—6 transistor* and 2 diodes # 9 stages—7 transistors and 2 diodes
Our latest completely portable transistor Covets Medium and Long Waves and Traw-
radio covering Medium and Long Waves. ler Band. The ideal radio for home, car, or
Incorporates pre-tagged circuit board. Sin. can be fitted with carrying strap for outdoor
heavy duty speaker, top grade transistors, use. Completely portable—has built-in
volume control, tuning condenser, wave Ferrite rod aerial for wonderful reception.
change slide switch, sensitive 6m. Ferrite Special circuit incorporating 2 RF Stages,
rod aerial. Push-pull output. Wonderful push-pull output, 3m. speaker (will drive
reception of B.B.C. Home and Light, 208 and many Continental stations. large speaker), Size 7i x 5J x I Jin. (Uses 9v battery, available
Handsome leather-look pocket size case, only 6i x 3i x IJin. approx. anywhere.)
with gilt speaker grille and supplied with hand and shoulder straps.
Total cost of all /"> OA P. & P. Parts Price List and easy build Total cost of all £3.19.6 p.& p. Parts Price list and easy build
parts now only 3/6 plans 2/- (free with kit) parts now only 3/6 plans 2/- (free with kit)
THE SIG-GEN. A versatile Signal Injector. Something no constructor
BARGAl should be without. This ingenious device generates an audible signal
through the Audio and R.F. ranges. With variable output. Tele-
scopic Probe. Pocket size slim-line case measures 4J* X 3i* x J*.
CORNER! Complete set of parts with full instructions. 19/6. P. & P.
HEAVY DUTY CELE8TI0N SPEAKERS. 3 ohm. Slightly 1/6.
o &fcnP. ■i2/6.
P.
, in errect
,V P working order. 7" x 4', Only 916. QUICK CHECK TRANSISTOR TESTER.
TUNING CONDENSERS. Air spaced, fine quality German Checks gain of R.F. and Audio Tran-
manufacture with slow motion drive. 0.0005. With oscillator ^ sistors. Also checks for noise level
section. Only B/-, P.&P.J/6. ■ and duds. All parts ready to be
17*0 M. W. coverage. Fitted coupling coil,
Full By famous manufacturer.
oscillator coil, ferrite assembled in attractive grey case with
slugs and slow motion tuning with cursor, etc. In original red grille, complete with' Dial, Knobs, and 2f' Speaker.
sealed cartons. GIVE AWAY PRICE 10/-. P. & P. 1 /6. Simple assembly instructions firec with set of parts. 39/6. P. & P. 3/6.
Callers side entrance Open 9—5 p.m.
Barrotts Shoe Shop. RADIO EXCHANGE Ltd Saturdayt 9—12JO pjn.
61a HIGH STREET, BEDFORD. Phone: 52367
489
 BI-PAK SEMICONDUCTORS

TRANSISTORS
VALUE -k so MIXED UNTESTED 10/-
3 OCI39 Trans. NPN Mullard 10/-
0 2 Drift Trans. 2N1225 Germ. PNP lOOM/Cs RCA 10/-
6 Matched Trans. I OC44, 2 OC45. I OC81D, 2 OC81 10/-
4 OAIO Diodes Mullard 30 PIV I amp 10/—
15 Red Spot AF Trans. PNP Factory Tested 10/—
15 White Spot RF Trans. PNP Factory Tested 10/—
m 4 Silicon Rect. 3 amp. 100-400 PIV Unmarked 10/-
4 NPN SwitchingTrans. Assorted OCI39.2NI308, etc 10/—
2 10 amp. Silicon Rect. 50 and 100 PiV 10/—
8 Germ. Diodes 4 OA70 4 OA79 Mullard 10/-
1 12 amp Silicon Controlled Rect, 100 PIV 10/-
3 Sil. Trans. 2S303 PNP VCB2S Ic 100 mA Texas 10/-
/ 10 Assorted Computer Diodes 10/—
4 Zener Diodes 250 mW 5-1 6-8 10-0 12-0 vlts 10/-
4 2G417 Texas Trans. Eqvt, AFl 16/f 17 Mullard 10/—
2 200 M/Cs Sil. Planar Trans. NPN 6SY26/27 STC ... 10/-
2 Bi-Directional Trans. ASY66 PNP STC 10/-
3 Zener Diodes 400 mW 3-3 8-2 15-0 vlts. 5% 10/-
4 Germ. Trans. High Current Mullard OC42 10/—
Through this ICS 2 Power Transistors I OC26, I OC35 10/—
5 Sil. Rect. 400 PIV ISO mA I.R 10/-
3-way Training Method; 3 OC7I Transistors Mullard 10/-
3 OC75 Transistors Mullard 10/-
MASTER THE THEORETICAL SIDE 3 NPN Sil. Trans. 70 M/Cs ZT43 Ferranti 10/-
1 Power Trans, OC20 100 vlts. 45 watts. Mullard 10/-
From basic principles to advanced applications, 5 OA47 Gold Bonded Diodes Mullard 10/-
you'll learn the theory of electronic engineering, 4 OA202 Sil. Diodes Subminiature Mullard 10/—
quickly and easily through ICS. That's because 2 Low Noise Trans. NPN NF 4 dB 2N929/30 10/-
each course is set out in easy-to-understand terms, 1 Sil. Trans. NPN VCB 100 200 M/Cs ZT86 Ferranti 10/-
8OA8I Diodes Subminiature (CV448) Mullard 10/-
MASTER THE PRACTICAL SIDE 3 Sil. Rect. 400 PIV. 500 m A BY 101. BY 114 10/-
5 Metal Alloy Transistors Mat Type 10/-
ICS show you how to develop your practical 5 Texas 2G344A Trans. Eqvt. OC44 Mullard 10/—
abilities in electronic engineering—alongside your
theoretical studies. It's the only sure way to One 10/-pack from the above free r/rnmi
success. All training manuals are packed with
easy-to-follow illustrations. "FREE" with all Pounds)
orders valued £4 (Four 1rnrr
or over.
MASTER THE MATHEMATICAL SIDE LOW COST SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
To many this aspect Is a bitter problem. Even
more so because no electronic engineer is complete 50 PIV I Amp 8/6 400 PIV 7 Amp 30/-
without a sound working knowledge of maths. 100 PIV 7 Amp 10/6 100 PIV 16 Amp 16/6
But new ICS teaching makes mathematics easier Free Circuit Diagrams for Light Dimmers, Speed Con-
to learn. trollers, AC Power Switch, etc. with SCR orders.
Wide range of courses available include: SCOOP PURCHASE NEVER BEFORE OFFERED
Radio/T.V. Engineering and Servicing. Closed Circuit T.V.,
Electronics, Electronics Maintenance, Instrumentation and
Servomechanisms, Telemetry. Computers, etc. Logic Modules All Plug in units
NEW! Programmed Course on Electronic Fundamentals and, or, Gates Double and Single Modules, Memory
EXPERT COACHING FORt Units, Power Amplifiers, Timer Units, Fanout Multi-
INSTITUTION OF ELECTRONIC AND RADIO ENGINEERS pliers, I and 5 amp. SCR Modules, Permanent Memory
Units. Power Supply Units 24 vlts.
CITY AND GUILDS TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNICIANS Full details on request (Supplied in kit form) ■
CITY AND GUILDS SUPPLEMENTARY STUDIES
R.T.E.B. RADIO/T.V. SERVICING CERTIFICATE Unijunction Transistors 2N264^ ISA-
RADIO AMATEURS' EXAMINATION Tunnel Diodes IN3720 (TD-5) 15/-
P.M.G. CERTIFICATES IN RADIOTELEGRAPHY 6 Sil. Rect, Type BY 100 800 PiV 550 mA 20/-
And there are practical "learn as you build" radio 40 Mixed Semiconductors Marked New 40/—
courses as well.
Member of the Association of British Correspondence Co//eges Our vast stocks change daily with hundreds of Semi-
conductor bargains becoming available. We will be glad
to put you on our mailing list and rush you our latest stock
FOR FREE HANDBOOK POST THIS COUPON TODAY lists, eqvt. charts, free offers, etc. Just send 2/6 to cover
3 months, mailing.
I.C.S., Dept. 151, 1NTERTEXT HOUSE,
PARKGATE ROAD, LONDON, S.W.11 Minimum order 10/- cash with order please. Add I/-
postage and packing per order.
NAME By Return Postal Service Mail only.
ADDRESS
BI-PAK SEMICONDUCTORS
8 RADNOR HOUSE, 93/97 REGENT STREET
OCCUPATION- AGE.. 7.66 LONDON, W.C.I
INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS
490
 Tj tma*; X..S | ai Ic
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HSsSiS^" so 15 .70-80 « 50 200
,W^.^^C*UtLEOT0N« 10 ,s PAfRT S 100
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OC7J so 30 - 75 75 47

The first part of this article (see May issue) dealt area thermal and electrical contact, to the metal case.
with the meanings of the symbols used in the This in turn can be clamped firmly to a heat sink of
Practical Electronics Transistor Guide. In this aluminium 05 copper (not steel, because its thermal
concluding part, more general matters are explained conductivity is poor in comparison). In the case of a
and a table is also provided in which all types mentioned large power transistor, a good heat sink can increase
in the booklet are grouped according to application the power-handling capacity enormously—perhaps a
suitability. hundredfold.
In certain r.f. transistors, the metal can is used for
CASES AND ENCAPSULATIONS screening purposes. It is connected internally either
The case which contains a transistor is just as impor- to an internal screen or to the collector.
tant as the glass envelope which maintains the vacuum
and houses the electrodes of an electronic valve. The COMPARABLES AND EQUIVALENTS
first function of a transistor case is to keep the dirt out. It is much easier to substitute one transistor for
It has been painfully established over the years that the another than one thermionic valve for another. To
life of a transistor is very largely a function of the begin with, all currently produced transistors are
amount of foreign matter inside it. This is why triodes. Then again, they are usually wired-in, not
transistors are assembled under clinically clean, dust- plugged in, and so one is not bothered by variations in
free conditions and in atmosplieres of controlled low pin connections.
humidity—water is a great enemy of transistors. Thus, in principle, any two transistors with com-
, Early types of transistor such as the OC71 were parable electrical characteristics can be substituted
smeared with silicone grease and then hermetically for one another. The problem is to be sure their
sealed in a glass envelope. Later, metal cans were characteristics are really comparable, and this depends
used, with the transistor leads taken out via an insula- on the particular application.
ting glass base or "header". These cases are often One thing is quite clear: it is never possible to sub-
filled with an inert gas such as helium. stitute a pnp transistor for an npn transistor without
The more recent development of silicon planar, modifying the circuit, since a pnp transistor requires a
transistors has eased the problem of "encapsulation". negative collector supply while an npn transistor
It is possible to treat the surface of the silicon chemically requires a positive collector supply. (The middle
during manufacture so as to passivate it, i.e. make it letter gives the collector polarity with respect to the
less vulnerable to chemical attack. The process is so other electrodes.)
effective that unencapsulated surface-passivated tran- On the other hand, in non-critical applications, quite
sistors have been operated immersed in water, a treat- different transistors may do the same job. For
ment which would cause more or less instant death to example, a high-voltage transistor, with a collector
other types. * voltage rating of, say, 50V may be a perfectly good
This, of course, was only an exhibition gimmick, but substitute for a low-voltage transistor in a particular
an important side-effect of the planar process is that, circuit. But the low-voltage transistor cannot do
with care, silicon planar transistors can be encapsulated duty in the place of the high-voltage one in a high-
in a blob of epoxy resin without ill effects. This voltage circuit. This is a case of "one-way"
dispenses with the usual hermetic sealing and brings exchangability.
down costs drastically. Silicon "epoxy transistors" The Practical Electronics Transistor Guide lists
can now be bought for about the same price as com- "comparables", i.e. transistors which can probably be
parable germanium transistors. They can be used in substituted for one another in many applications; but
all normal environments (living rooms, computers, etc.) not necessarily for all applications—the detailed
and some types have passed military humidity tests, characteristics should be consulted if there is any doubt.
but designers would at the moment hesitate to put In general, there is enough information in the P.E.
them in apparatus which must work in a really hostile Booklet to enable substitutes to be picked out, but
atmosphere, e.g. one laden with chemical vapours. occasionally one has to consult the transistor makers'
A second function of the encapsulation is to provide complete data. Here are some examples;
means of conducting heat from the working parts of
the transistor. Most of the power consumed in a Noise
transistor is turned into heat at the collector-base If a transistor is to be substituted in the first stage of
junction. In high-power transistors, it is quite usual, a high-gain amplifier or receiver, the user must find
therefore, to connect the collector directly, with a large- out from the makers1 full data whether it passes muster
491
 yvwvwvflF- low noise
v/x/x/x/vxAs/v

Ac«rt: NKT2I6 NKT226 NKT26S NKT275 2H2926

AAA/^A.-. AMPLIFIER, LOW-LEVEL GENERAL PURPOSE

AC M l NKT2I5 OC7I 0C2OI

ACISS NKT2I9 V10/50 A 2N2926
OC73 OC202 XB103 25002
AClSi NKT223 OC75 OC203 XBI04
ACIfiS NKT224 2S004
OC78D OC430 XBI05 25005
■SGlzM NKT225 OC8ID V6/4R ZT23 25321
esf^sA NKT264 OC8IDM V6/8R ZT24 25322
NKT213 NKT272 OC82D VI0/I5A ZT697
NKT2I4 OC70 2S323
OC200 VI0/30 A 2 N 706 A 25324

POWER
/VWYW\AyAF- JV\P\AAAA
AD 140 NKT402 OGI6 OC28 OC20&
MGT400 NKT403 OC22 V30/20P
MCT600 OC29 VI5/I0P V30/30NP
NKT404 OC23 OC30 VIS/20P 2T2270
NKT263 NKT405 OC24 OC35 V(5/30P
NKT362 NKT452 2N4S6A
OC25 OC36 V30/I0P 2N4S7A •' Jf
NKT40I NKT45J OC26 OC8IM V30/ISNP 2SOI3

WW^^XLOW POWER A,F. AND SWITCHING^^^.>-AAA/

AC 128 ASY83 GET 104 NKT222 OC72 OC20S

AC (54 ASY84 GET 105 NKT227 OC76 VFO/ISJ m
AC 157 ASY85 GET 106 NKT228 OC77 V( 5/20 IP
ACI66 ASY86 GETJM NKT27i OC78 V30/201P
AC167 ASY87 NKT2H NKT273 OC8I
AC! 68 ASY88 NKT2I2 NKT274 OC82
AC 177 ASY89 NKT2I7 NKT304 OC83 -ip; kpulffii' - ' - iiyip,
ASY28 GET (02 NKT2I8 NKT7I3 OC84
ASY82 GET103 NKT22I NKT773 OC204

R.F. AMPLIFIERS, OSCILLATORS & HIGH SPEED SWITCHES

A DT I 40 AFZI2 NKTI42 OCI40 ZT706A 2N4I2

API 14 AUYIO NKTI62 OCI4I 20301 2N428
AF1I5 BSY53 NKT6f2 OCff9 2G302 2N585
AFM&ii BSY95A NKT6I3 OCi70 20303 2N697
API 17 MATI00 N KT 674 OCI71 20300 2N706A
afM MATIOI NKT67S V6/2R 2G37I 2NI091
AF124 MATI20 N KT 676 XAI01 2G38I 2NI302
AFI25 MATI2I NKT677 XAI02 2G382 2Niii3
AFf26 NKTI2I oc4r XAMI 2G401 2N2926
AFI27 NKTJ24 OC42 XAlll 2G402 2S0I9
API 39 NKTI25 OC43 XAfSI 20414
AFI84 NKTI26 dG44 ZY2I 204(5
AFYI9 NKTI28 OC45 ZT24 i 2G4I6 AppticarioN
AFZM NKTJ4I 00139 2t49fl 2N4iO GROUPING
c

492
 GETA

GOLD RING HI-FI

TURNTABLE UNIT

FORYOUR AMPLIFIER

GOLDRING-LENCO G.99
tncorporates the unique Goidring-Lenco
continuously variable speed control and
vertical drive features. Machined 8 lb.
non-magnetic turntable. Push-button
switching. Neon-fit stroboscope. Speed
constant within 1% for up to 13%
mains voltage change. C21.19.5d.
There's a Goldring, or Goldring-Lenco unit to match
GOLDRING-LENCO GL68 any amplifier—whether you build it or buy it. At the
Continuously variable speed control modest end of the scale there's the G.66 integrated
with a'djusiable click-in positions tor
standard ispeeds. Arm takes inter-, hi-fi unit that comes complete with pick-up arm and
changeable head-slides, and is raised cartridge for as little as 11 gns. Then there's the highly
and lowered by on/olf switch. Wired popular GL 68 (see left) and. for the man who wants
for mono and stereo. n9.10.7d.
the best he can get there's the GL 70 transcription unit
with integrated transcription arm at a little under £30,
or the sophisticated G 99 without arm, at around £22.
Goldring hi-fi equipment includes transcription arms
from 7 gns. upwards and a wide choice of cartridges.
The coupon will bring you full descriptive leaflets.
GOLDRING HI-FI EQUIPMENT

To: COLORING MANUFACTURING CO. (G.B.) LTD., 486-488 High Road, Leytonstone, London. E.11.
Phase send me descnpiive leaflets on Name
Address
| □ TURNTABLE UNITS □ TRANSCRIPTION ARMS
| O MONO & STEREO CARTRIDGES □ H(-fl ACCESSORIES To: Goldring Manufacturing Co. (G.B.) Ltd., 4*6 High Road, Loytonslsna.
London, E.11. Talsphona: Leytonstona 8343

493
 DE LUXE PLAYER KITS NEW EUCTROLYTICS FAMOUS MAKES
TTOGLAE
2/860 ». j TGBCLAR | CAR TYPES BAKER LOUDSPEAKERS
4-Speed Player* 8-tono POST
4/360 v, 2/8 I 100/28 V. 8/- 8/600 * HANDMADE BY CRAFTSMEN
Cablneti 17x15 x8!in. High 8/460 T, 2/8 260/26 y. 2/8 18/600 v 12/- HIGH FIDELITY
Sax loudepeaker and 3 watt 2/8 1 600/15 v. . V- 16+16/600 y. 7/8
Famous Make amplifier ready FREE
18/460 T. o<- 3/- OTo;eovT.
8 +
88/450 ». 8/9 B+ie/4S0v. 3/9 »uT 8/460 ▼. O/O
m i 32 + 32/450 y. 61- MODELS ALL
POST ,
bailt. Qnaiily output. Volume 26/85 t, 1/9 18+16/450 T. 4/3 v/oo«e.
60+50/360
U
84+120/380 «-
11- J or IS ohms £S.15w.
• v. 11/8 lain. STALWART n---
J.o. FREEi
and Bur coatroli. All Itema 60/60 T. 8/ 32 + 32/360 t. 4/8 i 100 +200/276 p.12/5 Ilin.STAN D ARD£8. O.O,
Bt together perlectly. Special I2in.
initrucliona
aseemhly toeoabla 30 350T.-0.1 „9d..3 0.5 1/9; PAPER TUBULARS
1 m!d. SI-; 2mfd. 150?. 3/.. llin. DE-LUXE
BASS £9.0.0
£12.10,0*
minutei, only 5 500?.-0.001 to 0,05 9d; 0.11/-: 0,861/8; 0.5 2/8. I2in. SUPERB
ISio. BASS £15.0.0*
£18. O.O;
wires to Join. l.OOOv.-O.OOl,
12 months'
Euaraatea. 0,22, 0.47, 8/-;0,0022.0.0047.
S.OOOv.-O.OOS, 0.01,0.02,1/6:
0.01, 0.022/6; 0.05 0.047.0,1
3/6. 8/-- STANDARD LABORATORY MODELS
E.H.X. CONDENSERS, O.OOlmtd.. 7kY., 6/6; EOkV,, 10/6. I2in. D.W.I.cone £21. tO.O.
EEECTROLYTICS, I Sin. D.W.I.cone £28.10.0.
TO BUILD
YOURSELF 500,1,000 mid. 15?. 2/6; 1,000 1,2. mid.4.3.8,16,26,50,60.100.
60?. 7/6; 2.000/8011/9. -VA' II' CA TA LOOPE FREE/
^EKAMIO.
V-. PULSE800 t. 1 pF. to100.01
CERAMICS pF. mrfl.,
to 180Bd.pF„DISC12 kV-CERAMICS
2/6 GSODP MODELS FOB VOCALS
POST FREE PRICES SILVER MICA, Close5010 tolerance (plus or minus 4 pP.l,' 5 to Fren. BASS LEAD and RHYTHM GUITARS
SINOtE PLAYER KITS ADTCCHASGE KITS 80c
"" 208 pF. -176 pF..1.0M to3655,000 pF., 2/-. res. 80-10.000 cpa. Voice Coils 15 ohms. Hea?y dnty
BSR Junior 410. 0,0 BSR Monarch £11,10.0 TWIN GANG. "0-0" 10/6; pF., minia- 1
BSR 007SRP12 SIX.10.0 tnre 10/-; 800 pF. atandard with trimmers. 9/-; midget, 7/9; 'Group 25' 'Group 35* 'Group SO
Oartard 211,10.0 Garrard 1000 £12.10,0
midget
Garrard Mod. 50 £14.10.0with trimmers, 9/-; 500 pF. slow motion, standard 9/-: p
OS SEPARATELY small
SHORT3-gang 600 pF. 18/8.10Single
pF.. "0" 25 366
pF.. pF.60 7/6. iw": Sgns. M; : Signs. ^ ISgns.
Player Cabinet 83.10.0 Garrard AT60 £16.10.0 WAVE. Single pF„ 75 pF.,
S watt amplifier SINGLE PLAY UNITS
in«?Tut, 2 ? 0a c h
. - - Coo be ganged. Coupiers 9d. each.
TDJKNO. Solid dielectric. 100 pF., 300 pP.. 500 pF.. 3/8 each. 7m. X 4lo., 15/6 each; LOUDSPEAKEKS P.M. 3Sin.OHMS,
17/6; fitin., 3in.. 12in.
e/ia. 18/0; 4in,. 30/-;
Jin.
with speaker 23.10.0 BSR Jaolor £3.10.0
AUTOCHARGE DKITS
BSH Monarch £5.10.0 Garrard BSR TOIMMERS.
OD7SRPI2 £5.£6. 0.0
100 pF., 160 pF.,
0.0
Compression
1/3; 250 pF., cetsmic1/6; 60030. pF..
50, 750 70 pF., 1/9. (IS
pP.. 9d.: ohms 35,-1; Ipin. X 8ia.22/8; 8in. x Sin. 21/-; Sin. X Bin.
81,-. E.M.I. Doahle Cone 13 J X Sin.. 3 or 15 ohm models, 46/-,
Garrard 1000 £8.10.0 Stentorian 101n.HF1012. £5; Sin. HF818.£4. Crossover 86/.
Garrard 2M0 £7.10.0 TRARSCRIPTION BEST BRITISH PVC RECORDING TAPES Horn Tweeters 3-16 Kelt. 10 w 29/6; 20 w 20 Kc/s. 99/8.
UNITS
Garrard 3000 £8.10,0 Garrard SP25 £11.0.0 L.P.
LP. 71 n. .ISOOtt 19/6 D.P. Tin. 2400!t 29/8
Garrard
Garrard Mod,
AT6060with£9. 0.0 Garrard LABBO L.P. SiSin.
A70 £21.0,0 in. 1200tt
90011 11/6 14/9 D.P. D.P. 6Jm.6in. ISOOtt
1200R 18/6 84/6 T.V. REMOTE CONTROLLER. ForPbilipjlOTOlllA.
121A, 125A, 142A, 23TG111A. USA 331A, 131A. Stelln
diecnst turntable £11.0.0 Garrard Garrard 401
£26.0.0
Spare Spools 2/6. Tape Splicer 6/-. Leader Tape
Tape Heads: Coliaro 2 track 28/9 pair. 4 track 70/- pair. ST1033A.
£30.0.0 4'8
21A, 81A. 3BA,
Resdy 43A,to S3A.
plug in.Cossor CT1910A.
wilh lilt 21A. CT2310A.
7 way cable, dual pot
Volume snd Brightness. OAB1 diode,
NEW, MAKERS BOXES. OUR PRICE 12/6 POST FREE, etc., etc. List Sgns.
Q MAX CHASSIS CUTTER 250-0-260,80 MAINS TRANSFORMERS ^
Complete; a die, a punch, an Alien screw and key ». 8 a. 25/-: Ditto mA,860-0-350,29/8;
6.3 *. 3,5 a. Rectifier 6.3 t.1 a. or v.6 JACK SOCKETS St), open-circuit 2:8, close-circuit 4;6.
MT. 610/300-0-800
Tin. 14,6 Iriin. ta'- I Jin. 22/6 120 mA., 6.3 ?. 4 a Lead Socket 8/-. Grnadig 3-p!n 1/8; Lead 3,'6.
29/s Phono
lin. 14,9 ■ iin. IB,'. 2in-3 MtRlATCTRE 200 ?.mA.,
20 mA„ 6,32 a?. 1 a 10/6 Plugs 1/-. Sncket 1/-. Banana Plugs 1,'-. Sockets 1/-.
|in. IS/6 liin. 18,6 34/3 MIDGET 2B0 ?. 45 6.3 ?. 16/8 JACK PLUGS STANDARD. Screened 3/-. Gruadig 3-pin 3/6.
|in. IS/9 I{in. 20,'- 2-jin. 2a , . in. 37/9 SMALL, 300-0-300 v. 70 mA., 8.3 v. 4 a 10 6 WAVE-CHANGE SWITCHES WITH LONG SPINDLES.
HEATER TRANS. 6.3 v. 1/ a., 7/8; 6.3 ?. 4 a 10'6 2 p.p. 2-way,
B-way, oror84p.p.6-wsy.
3-way.or3/6;
3 p.84-way or 1 p. IZ-way; as. 3/6
Tin. 18,'- lain. 20/6 I in. sq. 44 3
31 6 Ditto tapped see. 1.4 2, 8, 4, 6, 9.3 ?. It amp. .. 10/6 4Wavecbange p. 4-way, 2 water 9/8
GENERAL PURPOSE LOW VOLTAGE. Outputs 3, 4, 6. " makits " Ip, 12-way,2p.8-way,3p.4-way
4 p. 3-way, 6 p. 2-way. Prices include click spindles,l
CRYSTAL MIKE INSERTS 6, 8, 9.10,12. 15,18, 24 and 30 ». at 2 a &•. adjuitable stops, spaces, eto., 1 water, 8;6; 8 water, 18/8:
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494
on this score. Makers usually quote a noise figure or
noise factor for the transistor under specific conditions
of frequency, collector current, signal-source resistance
and so on. These can be compared, but take care to
make sure that they are really comparable.
Example: an OC71 is used in the first stage of a tape
recorder. Its noise performance is satisfactory but the j-^W—
treble response is poor. Can a high-frequency
transistor such as the OC17I be used to remedy this HPS
defect? A glance at the makers' data suggests that OUT
substitution is possible. The maximum noise figure
for the OC7I te 16dB, while that for the OC171 is 8dB,
which suggests that the OC171 is much better. But
wait a minute! This noise figure for the OC171 is
obtained at 500kc/s and lOMc/s, not at a.f. The a.f.
figure is 30dB maximum which clearly rules it out for
this critical application.
Internal Capacitances
In tuned high-frequency amplifiers such as i.f. ampli- Fig. I. Simple bias circuit
fiers, neutralisation is sometimes necessary to preserve
stability.
Can an AF117 be substituted for an OC45 in a
neutralised 470kc/s i.f. stage? Reference to the makers'
data shows that the internal feedback capacitance of
the AF117 is quite different from that of the OC45,
while the gain is higher. There is evidently some risk
of instability.
GERMANIUM OR SILICON?
There is no difference in principle between silicon ^"Crk
and germanium transistors. But there are important l—
practical differences. In the early days of silicon OUT
transistors, the difference which received most emphasis
was that the leakage currents in silicon transistors are
much less than In germanium. The effect of tempera-
ture is therefore reduced. In addition, silicon devices
will withstand higher junction temperatures, and this
is of interest in many military aircraft applications Fig. 2. Mixed polarity amplifier
where ambient temperatures ar6 high.
In everyday applications these properties are not all
that important, though sometimes the lower leakages KPH
enable simple biasing circuits to be used (Fig. 1) a
even at quite high ambient temperatures. This saves
components, and may tip the economic balance In
favour of silicon even if a silicon device costs more. DRIVER PHP
A difference between germanium and silicon tran- HPN
sistors which has a bearing on circuit design is that the
working base-to-emitter voltage for silicon is about
0-5-1 volt, compared with 0-1-0-3 volt for most
germanium devices. This has a bearing on the design
of bias networks, and it also means that silicon transis-
tors will not work from quite such low voltages as
germanium ones. Fig. 3. Complementary output stage
Planar transistors have the useful property of "beta
hold-up" at low collector currents, i.e. the current
amplification factor does not fall off much as the 8o«0fi Dnltudri BoMcontostfM) Base«omoct(iO ccmiao{(N)
collector current is reduced. Current gains of 100 or
more at Ic=50/iA are not uncommon. This is very Emitter?) Coll«tof(H) Base OxMt
useful in low-leve! audio work, because, in general,
transistor noise is reduced at low currents. Noise Diffused
figures of less than 2dB can be achieved with some
transistors. However, though the current gain at low Con«ctar&l+')
frequencies is preserved at low currents, the radio- CoilectorM EpHffldal lojier 00
frequency performance falls off.
a) ALLOY THANSISTOfi b) ALUJY-OIFFUSED . d EPITAXIAL TRANSISTOR
POLARITY: PNP AND NPN (PHP) TMNStSTORtPHF) (NPN)
Most germanium transistors are pnp. This is Fig. 4. Transistor structures
mainly a matter of convenience in manufacture,
although a pnp transistor would have somewhat better

495
 h.f. performance than its exact npn twin. With silicon photochemical techniques rather like those used in
planar transistors, the npn types are more common at lithography or printed-circuit production. The base
present. and emitter contacts are "printed" on the surface of a
. ^ all-transistor circuits, there is no special advantage silicon wafer, and this enables their precise shape and
m using one type rather than the other. Performance size to be controlled very accurately.
and cost are the important considerations. In mixed An essential part of the process is to form a layer of
valve and transistor circuits, npn types have the silicon oxide oh the surface of the wafer. This acts as a
advantage that the valve h.t. supply can be used very barrier, just like the "resist" used In photo-lithography
easily to furnish a collector supply. and printed circuits. It can be etched away where
However, the important thing is to remember that required to expose the areas of silicon needed for the
both types can be used in the same circuit, often with base and emitter contacts. (Unfortunately, germanium
advantage. The circuit of Fig. 2 is a typical example. does not lend itself easily to the technique, because
It not only provides component economy, but also germanium oxide evaporates).
enables direct coupling between stages to be combined In epitaxial transistors the collector is made up of
with a small load resistance for TR1—an advantage two layers: a thick layer of low-resistance material,
in wide-band amplifiers. If an a.g.c, current is applied and a very thin, high-resistance layer. The thick
to TR1, both transistors are controlled. TR2 may be a layer acts mainly as a mechanical support for the
germanium type, but silicon is best for TR1 because it more active regions. The h.f. performance is vastly
must have low temperature drift. improved. A simple epitaxial transistor's structure is
Another use for mixed-polarity circuitry is the shown in Fig. 4c. Many modern types have complex
"complementary" output stage, which enables push- base and emitter areas whose shapes interlock, and
pull output to be achieved without using a trans- the base connection is a closed loop, such as a ring,
former (Fig. 3). which encircles the emitter connection. At the present
time this is the most popular fabrication process, and
FABRICATION it has made most of the others obsolescent.
The earliest junction transistors were all of the alloy
type (Fig. 4a). To form a pnp structure, blobs of p APPLICATION GROUPING
type material are placed on opposite sides of a thin The information in these two articles can be used to
wafer of n type material and then the whole lot is assess transistor operating data such as that in the
''cooked" at a little below melting point. The p type Practical Electronics Transistor Guide. To pro-
impurities pass into the n type material, and the whole vide a quick reference to application suitability, how-
art of making this type of transistor is to know just ever, transistors included in the guide have been;
when to stop. The best h.f. performance is obtained grouped together under various headings on page 492.
when the p type impurities almost meet in the middle, The groupings are to some extent arbitrary, and some
but not quite. This is not easy to arrange, and in mass transistors appear under more than one heading because
production I5Mc/s cut-offs are about the best average they are general-purpose types.
that can be reached (OC44, etc.). Since transistor technology is in a constant state of
Alloy transistors, including r.f. types, usually have change, a transistor which is today a candidate for one
good noise figures at audio frequencies. list will tomorrow have to be put in another. Early
The difficulty of controlling the width of the base r.f. alloy transistors are a case in point: no professional
layer led manufacturers to search for alternative designer would nowadays specify the OC45 for a 470kc/s
methods of fabrication. One ingenious answer was i.f. amplifier, though he might be inclined to use it as
to dissolve away the base wafer simultaneously on a general purpose low level a.f. type. It has been put in
opposite sides with the help of two tiny jets of electrolyte the r.f. list here because readers will probably come
and an electric current. (This process is the reverse of across it in i.f. stages of transistor portables.
electro-plating.) Much better control over base On the other hand, the OC24, which, was designed
thickness is possible, and the finished "surface barrier" for use as a high frequency power amplifier, has been
and "micro-alloy" transistors can have better h.f. put in the a.f. power list. Why? Because, with a cut-
performances than ordinary alloy types. off frequency of only 2-5Mc/s, it has been superseded
In the above transistors, the main wafer is the base. for radio frequency applications. But if it ever
In later types, however, it ends up as the collector. appears on the surplus market, at a low price, it will
In the alloy-diffused type of transistor and the post- be an attractive proposition for a small a.f. power
alloy diffused type (PADT) a thin n-type base layer is amplifier.
formed on the surface of p-type material by gaseous
diffusion. Emitter and base contacts are later alloyed
to this layer (Fig. 4b). Familiar types of alloy-diffused
transistor are the AF115 series. These transistors are DaaaDDDnDaDaDaDDDDaoDDnaaaDDDooaonDD
noisy at audio frequencies, but at r.f. their noise can
be very low.
In the grown junction structure used in the original § PRACTICAL WIRELESS 8
Texas Instruments silicon transistors, the device is not mY
fabricated from a tiny wafer. Instead, the three layers § ' §
are formed in a large crystal as it is "grown" from □ ★ Grid dip Meter §
molten silicon, by adding the right kind of impurities □ ★ Wide range A.F. Oscillator p
at the right time. The crystal is later cut up and leads
attached, to form individual transistors. The process □ ★ Beginners' Short Wave Receiver p
is wasteful of silicon, and is not used much nowadays, O A" A.G.C. in Tape Recording p
having been superseded by the planar technique.
The silicon planar epitaxial type of transistor is | On sale NOW 2s 6d §
made by an extension of the diffusion process plus
□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□appppoDaaoDoonopppDDa
496 •
 m

THE widespread use of miniature electronic eaves-

dropping devices could he a cause of anxiety and
cinbarrassmenl for the private citizen, as well as for
those presidinfj in board-rooms. I nforlunately. the
GPO cannot possibly be expected to track down every
short-lived, unauthorised transmission, especially when
the signal is weak and the range limited. Radio amateurs
and radio control enthusiasts have been justly com-
plaining for some lime about the lly-hy-night activities
of pirate walkie-talkie operators and. if the trend
continues, it may he gloomily predicted that anarchy of
the air will overtake us in the future, when all the normal
FIND _ radio bands will Ik- jammed solid by individual gibberish.
The tiny, transistorised, so called '"hug" can be
planted virtually anywhere, to relay private conversa-
- THAT tions 100ft or more, to a nearby house or parked car,
and the National Press has already brought this threat
to the attention of the public. The polenlialilies of its
use by criminals are almost limitless.
Fortunately though, bugs are self-advertising, and the
bug inverse square law of their radiation pattern favours the
intended victim. A Iransmitlcr of only a few lens of
milliwatts power will produce a strong r.f. field in its
immediate vicinity, which is easily delected by a suitable
MICROBUG instrument. Equipped with a Bug Locator, the private
citizen can do much to discourage the use ol such elec-
LOCATER tronic pests. If he finds one he can throw it straight
on the fire, or belter still, lake it to bits to use the
components for some more rewarding project. Pur-
BY □. BOLLEN chasers of bugs will soon find themselves very much out
of pocket if their gadgets are always discovered.
The purpose here is to describe a fairly simple instru-
ment which will detect a suspected "plant" and incident-
ally can he used also to locate numerous sources of
troublesome electrical interference.
■497
 DETECTING TECHNIQUE both of the cascode stage transistors.
Although the favoured frequencies for "bugging" are The combination R5, C5, D1, supplies a demodulated
in the 27-28Mc/s h.f. band, and the 85-IOOMc/s v.h.f. signal to the base of TR3 via C6, and the audio output
band, such strict adherence to any particular set of is taken from R8. TR3 thus acts as an emitter follower.
frequencies, on the part of unlicensed operators, cannot A word or two about the types of transistors for
be relied upon. Their choice will be largely determined the cascode stage. The BFY19 has been selected for
by the receiver they intend to use. It is reasonable to TRI because it has a cdt-off frequency of 300Mc/s.
assume that the practical upper limit, imposed by In the common base mode, a BFY18 which has an /r
conventional components, will lie at about 200Mc/s. of 200Mc/s is quite acceptable for TR2. These par-
Since, at low frequencies, the ferrite rod will radiate ticular transistors will give optimum performance. If,
effectively over room to room distances, doing away however, alternatives have to be used, those mentioned
with the need for a long aerial, the lower limit might lie in the eomponents list will be suitable—but with a
within the long wave band of a domestic receiver. slight limitation to the extreme high frequency
Therefore, for the purposes of detection, the need is for response.
an uncomplicated receiver covering, say, lOOkc/s to Almost any small transistor amplifier, whether trans-
200Mc/s. former type, transformerless output, or complementary
Few commercial receivers will cover this wide range, output, could be coupled to the emitter follower stage
and those that do are bound to be cumbersome, com- to supply the necessary drive for the locator loud-
plicated, and expensive. Sensitivity and selectivity are speaker.
not of primary importance in this present application. The a.f. drive amplifier shown in the right-hand half
If the bug is close to the receiver, acoustic feedback will of Fig. 1 is of a type that is fairly common and may,
occur by interaction between the concealed bug micro- indeed, be bought complete as a commercial module,
phone and the loudspeaker of the receiver, and there constructed from a kit, or it can even be sliced from the
will be no doubt as to the nature of the signal. circuit panel of a defunct transistor radio!
A simple alternative, avoiding knob-twiddling and To increase audio sensitivity in noisy surroundings,
band-changing, would be an untuned wide-band provision is made for low impedance headphone
amplifier, capable of picking up any signal within the operation by means of jack socket JKI mounted in the
frequency range suggested above, and relying on the handle of the instrument.
fact that this nearby signal will swamp all others and
make tuning unnecessary. MECHANICAL DESIGN
Initially, tests were made with a simple point-contact
diode detector and a.f. amplifier, to estimate the degree Microbugs may be hidden in inaccessible places,
of sensitivity required, however when placed next to the behind high pelmet boards, inside ventilator gratings,
output lead of a signal generator, results were behind or under furniture, to instance just a few
unpromising. A stage of r.f. amplification ahead of hideouts. To reach high places, or under obstacles, the
the diode was tried. Even then, with a single transistor, locator was constructed as a hand-held boom, with
RC coupled for wide band unselective coverage, the amplifiers, aerial, and loudspeaker at the business end,
gain was disappointingly low. Finally, a two transistor and battery, switch, and headphone socket in the
cascode amplifier gave the desired sensitivity. wooden handle.
Another reason for this particular layout was that the
THE FINAL CIRCUIT wiring inside the boom tube would act as a counter-
poise for the short whip aerial. To minimise strain on
The complete circuit of the finalised microbug locator the wrist, weight must be kept low since considerable
is given in Fig. 1. leverage results from a boom nearly a yard in length.
The left-hand half of this diagram consists of the To this end a lightweight, glued rather than screwed,
cascode amplifier TR1, TR2, the detector Dl, and the compact method of construction was chosen.
coupling stage TR3. Genera! layout details of the microbug locator are
A modulated r.f. signal is picked up and fed to the given in Fig. 2. Individual construction may differ
base of TR1, which operates as a common emitter slightly from the prototype, dictated by the sort of
amplifier, and is partially compensated by selective components available. It so happened that the
feedback resulting from C4 and R4, to offset fall of gain writer's 2in loudspeaker fitted neatly inside the lid of a
with increasing frequency. The collector of TR1 is Kodak Microdol-X developer tin. Other tins of
directly , coupled to the emitter of its companion approximately the same dimensions should not be
transistor TR2. With base grounded to a.c. by difficult to find.
capacitor C3, TR2 functions in the common base mode, Perhaps it should be stressed that both tin and tube
with a good gain-frequency characteristic needing no were selected, not for screening purposes, but rather for
compensation. It will be noticed that C3 is taken to the mechanical rigidity, and it is possible that a much
negative rail, the virtual earth of the npn pair. This lighter form of construction would result from the use of
arrangement gave the best results at critically high alloy tubing for the boom, and a slim loudspeaker of
frequencies. R1, R2, R3 provide joint base biasing for the kind favoured by makers of miniature radios.
 SKI
00
AA/ bU>( —vt
560 n
I tr
uF ft BY
T
BFY» m; r»d
LSI
M)
m TH4 TR6
-3=2
BFY18 2000 0072 15uF 0072 0072 ywlow
- -W RtO RI2 RH
' kOAM Iki WO 150
PJ. _ Qffl
DETECTOR AND COUPUNG StASE "" " A.E DRIVE AMPLIFIER
fig. I. Circuit diagram of the mterobug locator

LOUDSPEAKER AERIAL SOCKET SKI

CASCOOE AMPLIFIER
S^aa BRASS TUBE
26" HEADPHONE SOCKET JK1
i SOLDER

GRILL BATTERY
switch] BY I
PAXOLIN

/g SQUARE WOOD
SECTION Of A.F. AMPLIFIER
INNER TUBE
HOLE FOR
CASCOOE AMPLIFIER PANEL HEADPHONE SOCKET
A.E AMPLIFIER PANEL l1^
THIN PAXOLIN INSUUTIOM
✓ BETWEEN PANELS >
-O
ARALDITE
-2* HOLE FOR
SWTCH
LSI WOOOSCREW HOLES
r*m HARDBOARD FOR HAROBOARO
/ COVER
DRILL FOR
BRASS TUBE

(t>) (c)

Fig. 2. General constructional details of the mlcrobug locator.

(a) General assembly of the complete Instrument
(b) The loudspeaker unit, showing how the two electronic sub assembly panels are mounted
(c) Details of the wooden handle
499
U'A
r,yyt_. Note that this does not apply to
R1J the blue and yellow connections
TR6 marked "to SI" and "to JK1",
4 respectively. These leads are added
at the final wiring-up stage.
After this the a.f. amplifier panel
should be glued to the loudspeaker
TRi frame with- Araldite and tem-
0 porarily held secure with rubber
RH
bands. .(To hasten setting of this
epoxy glue, an assembly may be
placed in a cool oven, at around 50
TR4 R12 degrees C for a few hours.)
The cascode amplifier unit is built
RIO up on another, smaller, plastics
(a) component layout board, details of which appear in
Fig.4. Here again, a template is
provided—see Fig. 4a. After
O testing this unit, the final assembly
work can be tackled.
VC^Nv"':/.'; .' o ■ " o o A considerable amount of care is
o O required during this final assembly
work. Place the cascode amplifier
unit, wiring side uppermost, on the
loudspeaker chassis so that ends
O o "A" of both panels are facing the
same direction. Solder the three
flying leads to points PI, P2, and
P3 on the cascode amplifier. Note
that these leads must he of sufficient
(b) drilling template—actual size length to permit routing around
the insulating panel which will be
sandwiched between the two sub
Pt. , P2, , TO SPEAKER assemblies.
TERMSNALW
Place a piece of thin plastics
K-X' TV* board (approximately 2iin x ^in)
PJ against the underside of the a.f.
amplifier panel, apply glue to the
(c) wiring on underside of panel edge of the second sub assembly and
fix this latter unit in position on
TO JK1 the loudspeaker magnet. Secure the
ITR4 wilow completed assembly with rubber
bands until the glue has hardened.
For future repairs or component
replacement the panels may be
+vt carefully prised away from the
loudspeaker with a screwdriver, and
afterwards re-glued.
«TR6 HOUSING AND BOOM
ASSEMBLY
The housing and boom assembly
can now be dealt with.
o iWut Cut a circular hole in the lid
TO SI of the tin, leaving a narrow rim.
Fig. 3. The a.f. amplifier sub assembly Glue some plastic gauze to the outer
surface of this rim. Fit the loudspeaker unit inside the
CIRCUIT ASSEMBLIES lid. If the loudspeaker is a reasonably tight fit, a little
glue will suffice to make this secure; otherwise it may be
Construction commences with the two sub-assemblies advisable to bolt the unit to the rim of the lid—this
which carry the majority of the circuit components. operation should, of course, be performed before the
These are shown in situ in Fig. 2a. gauze is stuck in position.
The a.f. drive amplifier is assembled on a piece of Drill a hole in the side of the tin to suit the aerial
laminated plastics board, shaped to fit the loudspeaker socket SKI.
magnet, shown in Fig. 3. The drawing given in Next drill the base of the tin to suit the outside
Fig. 3b is full size and may be used as a drilling template. diameter of the brass tube and solder the tube to the tin.
When all components, have been mounted and the A large soldering iron is essential for this purpose.
wiring on the reverse side of the panel completed, the Line the interior of the tin with cartridge paper or
unit should be tested. Short leads (about 2in long) plastics material. Secure the aerial socket in position
should be soldered to points PI, P2 and P3 (see Fig. 3c). and solder one end of C2 to the socket.
500
 c*\ci *
oo
oo o o TR5
/R4\
i
y R6 V 07 7 1 •- «TRH 11 l^TRI$ JJ [ii IIIV|ll"l2ITITITnnjil
Fig. 4. The cascade amplifier sub assembly
(a) drilling template—actual size
(b) component layout TO POSITIVE LINE
(c) wiring on underside of panel
© w -H,
c e c e
COMPONENTS . . . TR2 TRt
+ ve r
• I _C bTR3
Resistors
Rl 2-2kn R8 4-7kn
R2 4'7ka R9 I5kn f^v.%:'!-' /i. C7+ 4 -vt
R3 JOkH RIO lOkD WM
R4 I00£2 Rl I 560Q PS
R5 IkO RI2 • IkH
R6 22k Rl 3 tOkft TO BASE TO C2 TO NEGATIVE
R7 lOkQ R14 150n OF TR4 IN CASING LINE
All 10%, ^ watt carbon
Capacitors
Cl 0-OI/i,F paper
C2 lOOpF ceramic tubular
C3 O OlftF paper
C4 50pF ceramic tubular
CS 2,000pF plastic-paper THE HANDLE
C6 2^F elect. 9V
C7 IS^F elect, 9V The handle is built up from two pieces of |in planed
C8 100/xF elect. i2V timber and two pieces of hardboard.
C9 100/xF elect. 12V Hie cut outs should be fashioned with a tenon saw
AH are miniature types and chisel and the various holes drilled as indicated in
Fig. 2c. Two hardboard panels, of identical size and
Transformers shape, should be prepared—an additional hole for the
TI Push-pull driver. Rex LT44
T2 Output. 3n secondary. Rex LT700 headphone socket is needed in one panel. Assemble
(Henrys Radio Ltd.) and glue together the two timber pieces and the hard-
board side with the additional hole.
Transistors Push the brass tube into the hole at one end of the
TR1 BFyi9\ Suitable alternatives: handle. Fit the jack socket, switch and battery into the
TR2 BFYI8 J BSY27, BSY29, 2N7S3, 2N744 handle housing. Pass four differently coloured con-
TR3-6 OC72 (4 off) necting wires down the boom tube and connect these
Diode to the components as shown in Fig. 5.
01 OAS I Secure the handle lid with three woodscrews.
Loudspeaker
LSI 2 in dia., 30 :
Battery
BY I 9V layer type. PP3 or equivalent
Switch
SI Single pole toggle on/off
Sockets
SKI Wander plug and socket (Radiospares)
JK1 Miniature jack socket, with shorting contact
Miscellaneous
Circular tin 2fin dia. x 2in high (see text).
' Brass tube ^in outside dia., 26in long. Plastic
speaker gauze. Laminated plastics board. Timber
|in. square. Hardboard, 14 s.w.g. tinned copper
wire. Connecting wire. Araldite glue.

501
 -\ Hut FINAL WIRING-UP
LSt rtd
ytllow JK Returning now to the "business end", connect the
grttn four wires to the appropriate points on the loudspeaker/
LSI BY I electronic assembly as indicated in Fig. 5. Connect the
u free end of C2 to the base of TRI (see Fig. 4c). Care-
w
fully instal this assembly inside the tin, checking that the
various wires are not strained or fouled in any way.
To hold the lid in place, and to protect against knocks
and abrasions, a slice of bicycle inner tube can be
Fig. 5. Wiring diagram for the handle compartment. The stretched over and around the lid and tin, as shown in
four coloured leads pats through t#ie boom tube and the illustrations.
terminate at the points Indicated en the loudspeaker The aerial consists of a 2! in length of 14 s.w.g.
assembly tinned copper wire with a wander plug soldered to one
end.

\1/ FIELD TESTS

It might be useful to mention some field tests carried
out with the prototype locator.
FEEDBACK At first, the tin and tube were earthed to the battery
positive but this was found to attenuate response above
LOCATOR about 50Mc/s, probably because of the additional
TOBt capacitance thus introduced, so the connection was
MICROBUG removed.
TRANSMITTER
With a long outside aerial plugged in to the locator
socket, just about every transmission within skip
distance came in at fair volume, dominated by the local
R.F. AMPLIFIER B.B.C. Home Service and Light Programme. Tests
DETECTOR AND with a signal generator indicated that the limits of
A.F. AMPLIFIER usable response were greater than lOOkc/s to I80Mc/s.
MICROPHONE LOUDSPEAKER As for sensitivity, with headphones plugged In and a
short whip aerial on the Locator, a 60mW radio control
Fig, 6. This Illustrates the technique used In detecting transmitter could be clearly detected at a distance of
hidden radio mierebugt. The hidden snooping device is 25ft.
activated by the operator whistling In a "suspect" area. Another test was with a microphone and amplifier
This sound Is transmitted by the bug, and received by the input to the modulation transformer of the signal
locator, the audio output of which Is picked up by the bug, generator. When the locator loudspeaker was brought
and so a self-sustaining feedback loop is created around the close to the hook-up, acoustic feedback occurred—a
two devices. - The Intensity of the loudspeaker output will
Increase as the locator is brought closer to the concealed distinctive warbling note. The onset of feedback
bug, whose hiding place Is thus soon discovered could be initiated by a sharp whistle from the mouth or,
better still, by using a toy whistle to jerk the system
into oscillation.

"DEBUGGING" PROCEDURE
In use then, the mode of operation might be as
follows. With headphones connected, the area to be
"cleaned" is scanned while the operator emits a few
strident whistles. If a bug is close at hand the operator
will hear his whistles plus room echos reproduced in the
headphones. Next, he will remove the headphones,
unplug them from the locator and use the instrument
like a feather duster, going round the room in a search
for the source of the transmission he has picked up,
while still whistling loudly. Sooner or later the warble
note from the loudspeaker will give him a clue to the
bug's exact whereabouts.
The microbug locator can, of course, be used for
purposes other than that for which it was especially
designed. It will effectively trace sources of electrical
interference, check for mains borne r.f., serve as a zero
beat detector where two close frequencies are to be
compared, or it can be coupled .to the i.f. output of a
superhet receiver as a temporary detector and a.f.
amplifier.
It only remains to wish would be Hemipterists, trappy
Bug hunting! ★
 EXPERIMENTS in

LOGIC DESIGN

by S.T.ANDREWS

The system shown in Fig. 1.12 last month, although The circuit of a suitable gate can take several forms.
capable of adding binary digits in the form of Essentially the requirement is for a form of and gate
voltage pulses, has one disadvantage. The input pulses with the gating pulse and the output from the bistable
have to be applied simultaneously, and must be of identi- as inputs, as in Fig. 2.1b. The action of this is obvious
cal waveform and identical duration. It may well be and it would be quite possible to use an and gate of
that two numbers become available at different times, the type shown in Fig. 1.5 followed by a suitable
this is especially true if the .numbers are applied by an amphfier.
operator punching them on a keyboard, one after the Another version is shown in Fig. 2.2 and this runs
other. Obviously some form of storage system is the gating amplifiers off the +9 volt line. In this
required, capable of holding the numbers to be added, circuit the bias developed across Rx is sufficient to
and preferably capable of holding the result as well. maintain TR4 cut off whatever the state of the bistable,
A store which is intended to hold one complete as long as TR3 is conducting. The gating pulse is
binary number is known as a register, and the number arranged so that it causes TR3 to cut off for a short
is held as a series of on/off signals, each representing time. When this happens the state of the amplifier
one binary digit. TTie term binary digit is usually depends on how the bistable is set: if TR2 is conducting
contracted to bit and this term will be used from then its collector will be nearly at zero potential and
now on, TR4 will remain cut off; if TR2 is cut off then its
collector will be at about the potential of the —9 volt
STORING BINARY NUMBERS line and TR4 will conduct.
Of the various ways of storing binary numbers, the TR4 and TR5 form a voltage amplifier which drives
most convenient method in small-scale equipment is an emitter follower output, TR6. In effect this
to use rows of bistables, each storing one "bit" of the circuit is an and gate in which only one input is applied
number. In the three-input adder five bistables are in the conventional way and the other is used to
needed, three to hold the input digits and two to store remove the bias which makes the gate into an and.
the output; one of these can be dispensed with later.' Three bistables, and three gated amplifiers, are
Using bistables to hold the numbers solves the required to drive one three-input adder. The gating
immediate problem of storage, but raises another transistor, TR3 is- common to all three gates, the
problem in its place. It is now necessary to provide bottom ends of all three Ry resistors (Fig. 2,2) being
some form of gating circuit between the input store and connected to the collector of TR3. The output from
the adder itself to prevent the digits from entering the the adder can be coupled directly to the output bi-
adder until required to do so. Each of the three input stables, no gating circuits are needed at this point.
bistables must have its own gate, but since all three
gates will operate simultaneously it is legitimate to SET AND UNSET CONDITIONS
consider them as a single unit and draw the block Having devised the circuit of the input gate we have
diagram of the adder as in Fig. 2.1a, effectively set the convention for the bistable switch,
A set-up of this sort is of far greater use than the We have already explained how a bistable can hold a
three-input adder by itself. The binary digits can be 0 or a 1 depending on whether it is set or unset. In
written into the bistables at any time and added at the circuit of Fig. 2.2 the convention for use with the
leisure by applying a suitable gating pulse to the gate. input registers is: the bistable is set, and holds a 1,
when the transistor on the output side (TR2) is not
conducting; the bistable is unset, and holds a 0, when
the output transistor is conducting. This convention
is an inevitable result of the way in which the circuit is
arranged.
o 3-tNPUT
ADDER
,
Adder
' Input
Gating
pulse
Fig. 2.1a. Block diagram of the adder with storage bi-
stables and gating circuits now included Fig. 2.1b. A gating circuit based on an AND gate
503
 BISTAWf
A
-9V

II
THl TR2 TR4 TR5 TR6
® I®

eon
Output to
Addtr
m

+45V TR3
Troisistorji
R«d spot/Y«((ow tpot
or simllor
+9V
fig. 2.1. The storage and gating circuits for the adder Input
The sequence of events for adding three digits is down one above the other, then the process of addition
now as follows: the digits are read into the input will be: (I) Add the extreme right-hand pair of digits,
store of bistables in any order, and with any time delay writing the result underneath and, if necessary, writing
between writing individual ones. A suitable pulse is a 1 in the carry column of the next stage to the left,
then applied to TR3, causing it to stop conducting and (2) Add the digits in this next column, including the
allowing the contents of the three bistables to pass carry if appropriate, and again write the result under-
through the gates, enter the adder and be added. The neath and, if necessary, a 1 in the carry column of the
resulting pulse outputs from the adder set the output next stage on the left. (3) Add this column in the
bistables where appropriate. After the gating pulse same way . . . etc., etc.
ends all three inputs fall back to zero as TR3 starts to The process is summarised in Fig. 2.3. This may
conduct again and the output can be read off from the seem very elementary but it is important to realise what
output bistables; the input bistables can all be reset to happens when an addition is done on paper, so that an
zero if required. electrical analogy can be produced.
So far, then, we have produced a three-input binary
adder capable of storing the numbers to be added, THE COMPLETE ADDER
adding them when a suitable pulse is applied, and The three-input adder so far discussed can store
storing the result of the calculation. We can use a three binary digits and add theTn when required to do
set-up of this kind to .build up a complete adding unit so. This is what is needed in each of the vertical
which can be made quite automatic, but before going columns in Fig. 2.3 and in order to add multi-digit
on to do so a little theory of addition might be useful. numbers one three-input adder is required for each
THEORY OF ADDITION vertical column of, addition. The numbers to be
added are held in storage units consisting of rows of
When adding two numbers, not only in binary but in bistables and it is these which are used as the input to
any numerical system, there is a certain pattern to be the adders. There are two rows, each of which is one
..ollowcd. Assuming that the numbers are. written register, and the block diagram of a complete adder is
shown in Fig. 2.4. Several points arise from this.
The two input registers are on the left and are made
STAGE 1 this
into poir
CARRYadded.
columnCARRYdlgit
on i»fi. writtw up of some of the bistables that feed the three-input
adders. The carry output of each adder, except
STAGE 2 Th 4 0 1-
into' PCARRY
' column CARRY digit wrimn
on M* the last, is used to set the remaining bistable of the
subsequent adder, thus the carry signals are passed
1 5 0
STAGE 3 t"into
" PCARRY
""" "ddtd. CARRY digit written from one stage to the next. The carry output of the
column on left. final stage forms the left-hand digit of the final answer.
The extreme right-hand adder (the bottom one in
Fig. 2.4) will not have a carry signal input since there
is no stage on its right, consequently a simpler two-
ETC input adder will do in this position.
An adder such as this can be extended almost
1 0 10 11 indefinitely by including more three-input adders, the
fig. 2.3. Illustrating the "repeating unit" is also shown in Fig. 2.4. Each
processes involved when CARRY columns 0 110 0 ~1 additional unit will double the size of number which
adding two numbers Result the adder can handle.
504
 CARRY
J-INPUT 4 s ADDER
AOOtft

CARRY
J-INPUT
AOOE8 Z's ADDER R«p«oting Unit
m

CARRY
2 -INPUT
ADDER 1i ADDER

One Input Oth«r Input Output

Rtgiitir Reqisttr Register
Fig..2.4. Logical diagram of complete adder

TIMING CIRCUITS CLOCK PULSES

Each individual adder in Fig. 2.4 has its own gate In order to make all this happen some form of
which, when triggered, will allow digits from the timing chain is required, which must be able to trigger
appropriate parts of each register to enter the adder. the gates one after another, in the correct sequence.
In the arrangement of Fig. 2.4 these gates must be There is no real harm in a gate opening twice, but it is
opened in sequence, first the two-input adder, then best if each one opens only once, at its correct place.
the three-input one above it, then the three-input one One method of obtaining the desired result is to
above that, and so on, right up the adder. The larger generate a constant stream of pulses all the time and
the registers, the longer a complete addition will take, use these to generate all the other special waveforms
and the result appears gradually in the output register needed. Such pulses are called clock pulses and are
as the addition proceeds. generated in an oscillator which runs all the time the

Vs adder 2's adder 4's adder

*4

If,
ft

w.

m
m
ft w
ty
—* m

Terminals at top are digit outputs to indicator unit. Clock-pulse generator and STARTADD generator are not on this
board
A Two Input bistables F Three input bistables K Sum output bistable P Carry output bistable
B Gating transistor G I's adder carry L 3'input adder Q Three input gates
C Two input gates H Gating transistor M Three input bistables R Carry OR
D Sum output bistable I Three Input gates N 2's adder carry S Sum output bistable
E 2-input adder J Carry OR O Gating transistor T 3-input adder

Photogroph of the adder built by the author. This is depicted In block diagram form in Fig. 2.4
505
 stN Interpulse
/Period STARTADD PULSE GENERATOR
differentiator The Clock puiset The differentiator (A) produces a constant stream of
Clock
Pulse negative-going pulses, each of which is co-incident
with the start of a clock pulse. These are AND-gated
startO-TL
t'1 ''finish
finscK _ TIME with the output from a bistable which is set by the
dirt trigger pulse used to begin the addition. Jn the resting
state the output from (A) is the only signal applied to
J START ADO
jIDD pulse the and and so there is no output from it. When a
adder trigger pulse is applied to the network the bistable
changes over and a signal appears at the second input
of the and. As soon as the next pulse from the
differentiator arrives it passes through the and and
f VADO triggers the flip-flop into its quasi-stable state. The
Trigger pube J I INHIBIT
toilort Timing pubt to 2s time-constant in this flip-flop is set so that the circuit
ADDITION adder timing circuit flops.back again after the duration of exactly one
clock pulse, so since differentiated signals occur only
fig. 2.5. Logical diagram of STARTADD pulse generator at the beginning of a clock pulse this circuit ensures
and waveform of the c/oc/c pu/je that the startadd pulse, taken from the flip-flop, occurs
exactly co-incidentally with a clock pulse.
The output from the flip-flop can be used to drive
adder is switched on. (There is one new circuit element TR3 in Fig. 2.2 directly, the base of TR3 being con-
to be mentioned here, the differentiator. For the nected to the transistor in the flip-flop which is nor-
purpose of this article a differentiator can be con- mally cut off. It is better, though, to have a buffer
sidered as a black box which gives out a short voltage transistor between the two sections of the circuit.
pulse whenever the input voltage changes suddenly. The output from the flip-flop also passes through a
Using the clock pulse as input the output will be a differentiator (B) and is used to unset the bistable.
succession of alternately positive and negative-going Successive pulses from (A) do not then cause further
pulses, each of which is of very short duration com- operation of the circuit which is thus seen to be self-
pared to the input clock pulses.) resetting.
In order to start the addition, once the numbers have Fig. 2.5 contains one version of the startadd
been written into the input registers, the first available generator, but this can be modified. The flip-flop
clock pulse is made to open the I's adder gate. This could be replaced by a second bistable which is supplied
requires a circuit which, when triggered, will give a with a constant supply of unset pulses, each at the
single output pulse coincident with one of the clock end of a clock pulse. This would require a third
pulses, this being done irrespective of the phase of the differentiator. Alternatively the one bistable of
clock pulse at the instant the initiating pulse is applied. Fig. 2.5 could be replaced by a flip-flop set to spend
In this type of circuit it is sometimes useful to give exactly one clock, pulse duration in the quasi-stable
names to particular pulse sequences, thus the constant state, but although this method dispenses with one of
stream of square pulses which ultimately controls the the differentiators it is not recommended. The output
whole circuit is known as the clock pulse. The pulse from (A) can be applied to the bistable as shown in
produced by the trigger which opens the I's adder gate the dotted line in Fig. 2.5. This would be done by an
and initiates the adding process can be called the (electronic) switch and would serve to inhibit the
startadd pulse. The logical diagram of a suitable startadd generator, and could be used as an additional
startadd pulse generator is given in Fig. 2.5; this safety check to prevent addition from occurring while
also shows the details of the clock pulse itself. checking the contents of the registers.

START ADD pulse OiApuHo Is odder gote

-9v
R3\ ^R4 RO R(7\ VR2
Rl? R1S
Vi:
k
iri TRZ
| TK3 TK4 TR5 TR6
^<10 t®
■D
R6

Ri3 ^ RK

+ 1.5V Trigger Output to 4-5V

next stage
fig. 2.6. Circuit of a STARTADD generator based on the logical diagram of fig. 2.5
506
A DETAILED CIRCUIT is unset by the pulse from the differentiator, the adder
A special version of the startadd generator is given gate closes, and the second differentiator provides a
in Fig. 2.6 and although it follows the logical diagram pulse which triggers the 4's adder timing unit. This,
of Fig. 2.5 there are some unusual points to be men- of course, is identical with the Ts adder circuit, and
tioned. TR1 is the buffer amplifier for the clock pulse will be opened by the next clock pulse.
and it feeds a form of differentiator, Cl and R2. From As we have seen, there is no limit to the number of
this a stream of trigger pulses pass to the base of TR2 digits which the whole adder can add, the "repeating
which, together with TR3, makes up the flip-flop. unit" of Fig. 2.4 beingt repeated as many times as
TR5 and TR6 form a bistable which, in the resting desired. Fig. 2.7 Is the*repeating unit of the timing
state is set so that TR6 is conducting and TR5 is chain, and again there is. no reasonable limit to the
cut off. The collector of TR6 is connected to the number which can be used, each will operate once,
collector of TR2 through VR2 and this holds TR2 then reset itself and trigger the next stage. One
collector at a low potential making it impossible for "timer repeating unit", as in Fig, 2.7 must accompany
it to cease conducting despite the pulses being applied each "adder repeating unit" of Fig. 2.4. In the final
to its base. stage of the addition, corresponding to the extreme
The instruction to begin adding closes SI and causes left-hand digit of the answer, the output from the
the bistable to change over, the collector of TR6 rising timing stage could be used to initiate a process to
nearly to the potential of the —9 volt line. The print out the result of the addition and/or unset the
inhibiting bias on TR2 collector disappears and the bistables in the input registers.
next trigger pulse from TRt sets the flip-flop into its We now have a complete adding unit which can be
quasi-stable state. The resulting pulse from it, the made to handle numbers of any size, the numbers being
startadd pulse proper, leaves on the 1 's adder output stored before addition, and the result being stored
wire to open the adder gate. At the end of the quasi- afterwards. The actual addition is started by applying
stable period (which in this case is one clock pulse) the a single trigger pulse after which the process is auto-
flip-flop reverts to its normal state, TR4 and C4 provide matic, By itself this adder is not much more than a
a pulse which resets the bistable, and a pulse to start toy since in general it cannot do anything which cannot
the next stage of the addition leaves via C3. be done equally well by a human operator. However
it can be extended to include other mathematical func-
TIMING UNIT tions and these will be considered shortly, but first a
Each stage needs a single pulse to open the appro- few practical considerations will be mentioned.
priate adder input gate, and it is quite easy to make one
stage trigger the next. The output from C3 in Fig. 2.6 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
is used to set a flip-flop whose time in the quasi-stable There is no special way of constructing the adder
state is about half of one clock pulse. When this and standard circuit techniques can be used. The
returns to its stable state it sets a bistable which can writer constructed a small version across a number of
only be unset by a pulse at the end of a clock pulse. tagstrips which were fixed to a large aluminium panel.
The output from the bistable is AND-gated with the This gave, effectively, a two-dimensional layout in
main clock pulse to give the pulse needed to open the which each component and circuit element was easily
2's adder gate. The logical diagram for this is given accessible, but the overall result was rather large. This
in Fig. 2.7. unit is shown in the accompanying photograph.
The sequence of operations is: a constant stream of Alternatively, tagboards could be used, bolted in
unset pulses is applied to the bistable, one at the end of parallel rows, and this would yield a more compact
each clock pulse, but these have no effect since it is design but one in which many of the components would
unset anyway. The gating pulse from C3 in the I's be inaccessible. The mechanical layout is not too
adder occurs at the end of a clock pulse and this important and, like the finer points of the circuitry,
triggers the flip-flop. Sometime about the middle of will probably be varied by individual constructors.
the inter-pulse period (see Fig. 2.5) this flops back The clock pulse generator is most easily a multi-
again and in doing so sets the bistable, during the next vibrator, since this will provide a good square wave
clock pulse, then, the and has two inputs, the per- with little variation in frequency. The pulse frequency
manent one from the clock pulse line, which is normally is largely a matter of choice, it can be extremely low, 1 c/s
ineffective, and now the second one from the bistable. for example, so that the circuit action can be followed
This next clock pulse then passes through the and and on a voltmeter, or several kc/s—^though slight modifica-
opens the I's adder gate. When it finishes the bistable tions to the circuit would then be necessary. There is
no point in trying to make an adder with a very high
ClQtk puist clock pulse rate since the long time needed for informa-
tion to get into, and out of, the adder would make this
quite pointless.
Mier
oiff
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
So far no mention has been made of how to get
dift B Information into" or out of the adder. The more
To ntxt sophisticated electronic calculators have several
sto« methods of exchanging information with their human
operators; these include punched paper tape with
5, 7 or 8 tracks, punched cards,' and various forms of.
Trvjwr puH* electric typewriter. Mere cost makes all these arrange-
ments impossible for the amateur constructor, and a
good deal of ingenuity is required when constructing
Fig. 2.7. The timing unit for each stage of addition input/output devices.
507
 About the best that can be done is the modification Output converters are rather more complex: these
of an. ordinary typewriter by the addition of switches take a binary input and produce a decimal output.
to the numbered keys (to get information in) and, One experimental type is given in Fig. 2.9 and the
possibly, electromagnets attached to the same keys mode of action is thus: the striated wires carry the
(to get the results out). This must be regarded as output signals from the adder and these pass through
something of an ideal and in most cases a simpler gates to a series of bistables which are arranged to act
arrangement will have to be used, for example, a row of as gated amplifiers. The timing unit of the last section
small lamps as the display unit. of the adding chain produces an output pulse which
We are not concerned in this series with the mechanics initiates printing by setting flip-flop (A). This opens
of input/output devices as these will probably be the adder output gates and the appropriate bistables
different in the case of each constructor. However, a are set. As it flops back to its stable state it triggers
few notes will now .be given dealing with the conversion bistable (B) via a differentiator^ this bistable is and-
from one numerical system to the other, i.e. binary to gated with the main clock pulse line, so clock pulses
decimal and back again. This requires some form of now enter the decoder proper through the and and
converter which can unfortunately get somewhat com- leave at one of the eight outputs. Which output this
plex as large numbers are handled, but which can be is depends on which bistables were set and this, of
kept reasonably simple with smaller numbers. course, is a property of the adder output. The
As an example, a simple decimal-to-binary con- decimal output wires can be made to operate display
verter is shown in Fig. 2.8. The number is applied lights or type out the number, as required.
by closing the appropriate decimal key which sends a
pulse along whichever of the binary output wires is EXTENSIONS TO THE ADDER
appropriate. The three binary output wires supply The adder so far described can add two numbers
set signals to the input registers. A two-way switch quite efficiently but is unable to do anything else as it
is also needed to connect the output from the con- stands. Extra circuitry, however, will increase the
verter to one or other of the input registers. It would abilities of the adder and enable such mathematical
be possible to arrange things so that pressing a + key operations as subtraction, multiplication and division
made the switch change over so that the first number to be performed, as well as certain logical functions,
went into one register and the second automatically for example the "non-equivalence" operation.
went into the other. The non-equivalence function is useful iu recognising
whether or not two numbers are the same, i.e. doing a
direct comparison. The exact procedure might be:
Strwmi of SETpulsts considering the numbers a digit at a time, write a 0 in
oecm. the answer register when the pair of digits of the com-
^7 pared digits are the same, and write a 1 when they are
not the same. An example of non-equivalencing is:
perform the non-equivalence function between the
numbers lOHOOIOll and 1101100010. (Numbers on
which arithmetical operations are performed, for ex-
ample the above two, are called operands)
llOllOOOlo}" operands
0110101001- -result
C^0

Fig. 2.8. A simple decimal-to-binary converter

Clock
v Decimal
^Output

£7^
d ft

Print
Tnooff O Z_4—/ | / j
Poise
Y
Fig. 2.9. A binary-to-decimal converter ADDER OUTPUT
508
 5-INPUT - j i1
ADDER tAflRY
n SUM i
Permanent ApjjroprioU sections
unset pulses- of Gate closed
applied to
Bistable

3-INPUT
fiDMR CARRY
n
SOFT
Port of Input Port of Output
reqisler | register
Fig. 2.10. Conversions for non-equivalence functions

In order to make the adder perform this function priate sections, of the circuit into operation; this can
it is only necessary to inhibit the carry signals which be called the adder control unit. The whole logical
pass from one stage to the next. Three possible ways set-up, containing the adder itself and the control unit,
of doing this are shown in Fig. 2.10. An extra gate, can be called the arithmetical unit.
normally open but closed in the non-equivalence Since there are several functions which can be called
operation, can be placed in the carry output from each into action it is necessary to have some method of
three-input adder; the input gate in each adder which telling the adder control which function is needed in a
passes the carry from the previous stage can be held particular case. This could be done with a set of
permanently shut; a constant stream of unset pulses switches which would be set by hand before each opera-
can be applied to the carry bistable at the input of tion, but this would waste a lot of time. A better
each three-input adder. If the carry's are inhibited arrangement would be to allocate a code-name or code-
in one of these ways (or any other way) then the two number to each function and feed this into the machine
operands are written into the input register in the with the numbers themselves. For example, 01 could
usual way. A startadd pulse is applied and the be the code for addition, 02 for subtraction, 03 for
timing chain operates in the usual way, the non- multiplication, and so on.
equivalence result then appears in the output register A complete instruction to the machine would th'en
in the usual way. have three parts, A the code-number, or function-
Subtraction, multiplication and other operations number, which states which operation is required,
can all be done on the adder by putting in extra circuits, and S and C the two numbers on which the operation
as with the non-equivalencing. The additional logic is is being performed, i.e. the operands. To add the two
somewhat complex and so for the time being only an binary numbers 10110 and 01III the input to the
outline will be given of the requirements. machine would be:
01 10110 01111
ADDER CONTROL UNIT and to multiply them it would be:
Since all the various functions use the adder to a 03 10110 0111!
greater or lesser extent, it can be regarded as the central
piece of the calculating machine, and the various The block diagram of the whole machine is now that
mathematical operations all use it in their own par- given in Fig. 2.11.
ticular way. We thus require an additional unit which If some more extensive form of storage is available
is told which function is required and brings the appro- then large numbers of instructions and operands can
be stored until required. Since the result of one opera-
FuRctwn numbw to Control Unit tion can be one of the operands of another, quite
complex mathematical calculations would become
possible. The snag, of course, lies in the storage
r methods available, or rather the lack of them. Vast
m formation OPtRANDS
WHlt to nwiiUf transferrtd numbers of bistables are impractical due to the in-
creasing possibility of failure and the large amount of
space required; core and drum stores are also imprac-
tical due to the very high cost and complexity of the
ADDER equipment required to run them. Magnetic tape,
Control
Circuits CONTROL used perhaps on a modified commercial tape deck,
UNIT is about the only practical method available to amateurs
and even this is expensive and very complicated.
Output ■Despite this last discouraging note it is possible for a
Register keen constructor (or better still a group of keen
constructors) to build some form of. calculating unit,
provided that this is not made too complex. The
tlnpat r problems involved in building arithmetical circuitry are
Registers great, but not too great to be solved, and attempting
to solve them is a fascinating branch of experimental
Fig. 2.11. Block diagram of complete calculating machine electronics. To be continued.
509
 D

A I A

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE CONTEMPORARY SCENE

i Suppressing Transients in Computers

A means of reducing unwanted transient pulses in
computer supply systems has been developed by
engineers of the Plessey Components Group. These
transients are causing increasing errors of calculation
in modern computers of high operational speed and
complexity.
Normal voltage or current pulses for operations
are generated by stabilised circuits, but transients in
the power supplies can upset the normal function of
the pulse generators.
An experimental suppressor unit, currently in
production for a leading computer manufacturer, is
0> shown, on the left undergoing final tests.

'\
V- 'V
* v•

i Combining Filter for 1).H.F

One of the many items of equipment required for
expanding the u.h.f. television services through-
out the U.K. is the vision and sound radio frequency
combining filter. This picture (left) shows the filter
being assembled in the Cambridge factory of Pye
TVT Limited. Later, it will be installed with other
parts of the transmission system for broadcasting on
the BBC2 network.
 'Divcoir Characier Dispiay V
Televiewers on election night may
know that a computer was used for
predicting the final election result, but few
probably realised that a new system was j
used by the BBC for displaying some of
the constituency results on the screen.
This system, although tried for the first
time In this country, has had a successful
run in Canada.
Known as the RCA "Divcon" (digital
to video conversion) system, it accepts
data from a variety of sources, stores the ;
data and. converts them into a signal
suitable for display on television screens
(right). Cameras are not necessary for
this system since all information is
supplied to the transmitter in pulse code
form.
One interesting feature is that it is not
necessary to "rewrite" a complete message
in order to change one or more characters.
The system responds to all functions
carried on an electric typewriter such as
shift and back-space.

i Numerical Control
Development work on the automatic fi
control of machine tools has been in ji
progress for some years, but the first |.
exhibition specially devoted to numerical y
control took place at the beginning of If
May this year.
The picture on the left shows the
Emicon SIOOO Positioning Control system,
which is basically an analogue computer
with electro-mechanical links to the
various machine function controls. The
nucleus of the system-is a pre-punched
paper tape of either five or eight tracks,
which is printed in code according to the
required milling or boring operations.
Complex shapes in two dimensions can be
machined under the control of this
equipment.

Tape Time Announoer ►

After the first speaking clock in Sudan, J
installed five years ago to provide a
service in English and Arabic for the
Khartoum area, A.E.I. Telecommunica- I
tions Group are supplying five more
machines to give a complete service
throughout the Republic.
These machines use tape recorded
announcepients in up to four languages
at 10, 15, or 20 second intervals on one
inch wide tape. The timing is based on a
crystal controlled chronometer, the timed
announcements having an accuracy of
plus or minus one second per month.
The tape used is a heavy duty instru- T
mentation sandwich type 489 manu- '
factored by the 3M Company. The oxide
coating is completely covered with a thin
smooth non-abrasive plastic material to
prevent wear to the replay heads. Hence
the heads are maintained slightly "out-of-
contact" at a uniform distance.
BEGINNERS start here... 21

An Instructional Series for the Newcomer to Electronics

Following on from the discussion on semiconductor

diodes last month, we stated that a transistor can be P n
considered as a pair of diodes connected back-to-back. SmaUbOM SaMbkii
Now we will investigate the operation of a transistor in J jqUtry
some detail. It must be appreciated of course that BY
what follows is of necessity an extremely simplified 'Holt*' rtrtamirjq
description — but will serve our immediate purpose t *♦ throuo'
which is to impart a basic understanding of this most
important electronic component. COlltCtOf
Bmtr
TRANSISTOR OPERATION
The action of transistors can be fairly readily Spot on
visualised if the forward and reverse ideas in con- cop
nection with semiconductor diodes are remembered.
Fig. 21.1 depicts a transistor of the pnp type. The II
first "diode", formed by the electrodes known as the La ecoiltctor BYZ CoKtctor bid* (irittsr' | Icolltctor
emitter and base in the transistor, is biased in the cumiK batttnr
bast
forward direction by a small battery BYI. The other
"diode" junction, formed by the base and collector
electrodes, is biased in the reverse direction by a Fig. 21.1. A graphical illustration of transistor action.
larger battery BY2. Holes In the f>-n-p /unction transistor move across the first
The interesting thing is that the current (heavy, Junction, ana about 98 per cent of them reach the second
because of the forward biasing) from emitter into the Junction, arid are swept off as collector current. The 2
base, drifts right on through to the collector. Thus per cent forms the base current. Any change in this base
collector current flows in spite of the reverse bias on current gives a proportionate change in the current arriving
at the collector, so a few mlcroamps at the base might
this second "diode". Only a fiftieth or so of this control many mllUamps through the transistor (emitter to
current flows into the base via the connecting lead. collector
If a small current signal is injected into the base- Fig. 21.2 (right). This Is one form of transistor construction
mitter circuit, the collector current varies in sympathy. In common use
Since the collector current is some fifty times greater
than the input signal, amplification is achieved. The
transistor thus acts as a current to current change reminiscent of the action of the grid voltage in the
converter. triode valve.)
It is of great interest to note the differences between
valves and transistors. Valves are voltage operated WATCH THE POLARITY
at the grid, and convert grid voltage changes into current Most transistors at present in use are of the pnp
changes through the valve. Transistors are operated type, but npn types are often found and are becoming
by current changes at the base electrode. Base current increasingly common.
changes produce much greater current changes through With npn types the battery connections (as indicated
the transistor collector-emitter circuit. in the accompanying diagrams) must be reversed to
To sum up, the transistor can be looked on as two give correct operation. Also, the arrow on the emitter
semiconductor diodes back-to-back, but the common symbol is reversed for npn types, as shown in (e) of
region (the base) is so thin that current carriers crossing Fig. 20.3 last month.
the forward biased emitter-base junction are nearly Fig. 21.2 gives an idea of the actual construction of a
all swept straight across the reverse biased collector- common type of junction transistor. The collector
base junction. The current actually allowed to reach lead is usually spaced widely from the other two, and a
the collector connection is controlled by the base spot of paint is placed on the cap beside this lead to
current, not directly by the collector battery. (This is assist the identification.

\ \ N! Nf nH

512 l
 Now, to put theory into practice, here is a construc-
tional project. It is an audio frequency oscillator COMPONENTS...
employing two transistors and should be simple to
build if the accompanying diagrams are carefully
followed. Resistors^
Rl 39kft R5 47kn
A TRANSISTOR OSCILLATOR R2 47ka. R6 47k ft
First it would be a good thing to remind ourselves R3 IkH R7 Ikn
of the two main requirements to be met in all electronic R4 39ka R8 4 7kn
oscillators that produce a continuous signal. (In All 10%, iW carbon
fact, all vibrators that go on and on, electronic or Potentiometer
otherwise.) First we need a source of energy which VRI lOkil linear skeleton potentiometer
can be used to operate devices with gain, or amplifi-
cation properties and, secondly, an arrangement to Capacitors
feed back part of the amplified signal in the correct C1 l^tF elect. 6V C3 O-Oi/iF elect. 6V
phase to boost the oscillating circuit. C2 lO^tF elect. 6V C4 0 01/iF elect. 6V
In the first oscillator we built (Part 19), a valve
was used as the gain producing device and the phase Transistors
was carefully chosen, by selecting appropriate points TRl OC7I
TR2 OC7I
in the circuit, so as to maintain the oscillations in the
parallel tuned circuit. Miscellaneous
As we have just seen, transistors also have- gain 6r Wooden baseboard. Brass wood screws. Wire
amplifying properties, and as a practical example and sleeving.
of the use of these devices the present oscillator has
been designed for you to build.
ACTION OF THE CIRCUIT
This oscillator produces a sine wave signal within the Referring to the circuit diagram Fig. 21.3, the base
audio frequency range, and does so by means of the of the first transistor TRl receives a small signal from
following circuit action. point "A", the junction of the parallel C4 and R8

EV

TRl TR2
0C71 0 01
0C71

lOrf

IkU IC4 R9.

|0-W 4.7

I
Fttdback Path
Fig. 21.3. The circuit diagram of the transistor oscillator. The output of the two
stage amplifier (point " B") supplies its own input (point "A") via the " Wlen
Network " of C3, C4 and R6, R8
513
with the series" C3 and R6. This signal appears capacitors C3 and C4. You will probably think up
amplified and inverted in phase at the collector of some uses for the audio frequency signal which you
TR1. It is fed into the base of the second transistor now have available, and once again the unit is a useful
TR2 via C! where it is further amplified and appears signal generator for testing purposes.
as a large signal, again inverted in phase, at the col-
lector of TR2. This signal is fed into the series/ POINTS ON CONSTRUCTION
parallel CR network, and the whole action keeps
on repeating—the circuit is oscillating. We will conclude this part with a few ideas concerning
Notice the important phase changes as well as the construction. First, remember that transistors
amplification that occur. Using two stages means are very sensitive to heat. Keep the transistor leads
that the phase is inverted twice, which means in turn long. Complete the soldering operation as speedily
that the final phase is the same as the initial signal. as possible so that the component does not become
Fig. 21.4 shows the signal relationships in a clear unduly heated. By the way, never let the transistor
manner. envelope accidently touch the body of the soldering
Which part of the circuit determines the frequency? iron.
It is not a coil and capacitor circuit as in the case of The baseboard used in this project is a white painted
the valve oscillator. In this present oscillator we electrical fitting board—readily obtainable from mul-
have used capacitors and resistors to set the frequency: tiple stores.

, INPUT ,
(pQiwrx]
WoedbustboarttfxS* /

iCOtiECTORTRI INPUT
I Mam edi&ot »d spot
TRI TR^
RV.C. cowed
trireishmm.
thus
TK2 (X IPUT VRt 4- +
m
C4 se

Fig. 21.6. The practical layout following the usual mode of

construction on a wooden baseboard
F/g. 21.4. The relationships of amplitude and phase at
various points in the circuit
Fig. 21J. The Wien network redrawn to show clearly the
series and parallel branches It is a good idea to choose a colour code for the
wiring of any electronic unit. This helps greatly
this is partly in order to show that there is more than in later servicing or circuit tracing. The obvious
colours are red for the positive supply rail and black
one method available. We have mentioned the for the negative. Signal paths can be green. The
series/parallel CR network, and this is redrawn in Fig. main point is to choose a colour scheme, and use this
21.5 to increase the clarity of our argument. This consistently so that no confusion arises in the future.
is a well-known combination of components known as
part of a Wien Bridge Network. The oscillator circuit OPERATION
is, in fact, a Wien Bridge Oscillator. The network
has the property of supplying an output signal in Power for the oscillator can be obtained from a
phase with the input, at one frequency only. At all 9 volt dry battery such as type PP3 or equivalent; or
other frequencies, the C's and R's shift the phase alternatively the mains operated power unit and filter
relative to each other. Thus when the amplifying unit described in Parts 16 and 17 can be employed.
section is added, oscillations start to be produced, The output signal from the oscillator can be taken
at this one particular frequency only. from the collector of either transistor, via a small
We say that the Wien network is frequency selective. capacitor of about 5,000pF. Actually, there is less
By changing the values of the capacitors, a different effect on the frequency of oscillation if the collector
frequency is obtained, but it is usual to keep the of TRI is used. The other output terminal can be
values of both the capacitors equal. In most oscil- either the positive or the negative supply line.
lators it is important that the amount of amplifica- Radio enthusiasts can use this oscillator straightaway
tion should be just right—not too much, not too little. for morse practice, by employing headphones across
In this circuit the gain is adjustable by the potentio- the output, and putting a key in series with one of the
meter VR1 which can be set to give the purest note supply leads.
from the circuit. Another use, which, we will consider in a later
We therefore see that all the requirements for an article, is as the source of audio signals for a component
oscillator have been met, and this simple two transistor measuring bridge. When we deal with simple test
circuit will produce a sine wave signal over a range of and measuring equipment, the oscillator will be men-
frequencies according to the values of the controlling tioned again.
514
 In creative tape recording a mixer unit has many uses. Fig.t. Passive mix-
It enables multiple sound sources to be individually ing circuit for four
controlled as input levels so that a balanced output MieropJwM ,6 Aim channels
can be achieved. The monitoring of group instru- 1 AAA-
ments or voices from microphone inputs, by way of
this unit, can provide flexible levels before amplifica-
tion, also acoustic feedback is minimised in the greater
separation of microphones and amplifier loudspeaker
when using fixed microphone lead lengths. Any type
of high impedance crystal or dynamic microphone HierophoM ,5*^2
may be. used. 2
The simplest mixer that can be constructed consists
of a purely passive network, as in Fig. I. This suffers
from the disadvantage that even on maximum output
the Input to a tape recorder or amplifier is less than a
single input would be if it was connected directly. .GAIN 3 Output
Although "virtual earth" mixers can be used to over- Mierophoni A/V—
come this disadvantage, the easier solution is to add an 3
amplifier after the passive network.

Vt

Four Channel
<v - •
IP
Microphone

by A. FOORD

R1
VR1 w— RlZ I C4
IMn ma R5 RB lOOllF
100KA A'7kQ

TR2
JK2 w— 2N1304
IMfl iMa
TR1
26508
SUF
R3 R6
JK5 vR3 W— Wka
ma ma
W
Rtl
inn
k4 woa 25ur
VR4 w— R7 SKI
ma ma 27ka OUTPUT
2
-0
w£
I

Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of the four-channel mixer with transistor amplifier

515
THE CIRCUIT the overall gain at a value independent of the variation
The circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 2. As can be of transistor current gains normally encountered due
seen there are four input jacks, JK1-4, and associated to the spread of the transistor characteristics. Bias
gain controls, VR1-4, which allow for selective stabilisation to fix the working points is achieved in
monitoring. The individual signals are fed by way of the normal way; C3 and C4 acting as signal by-pass
stopper resistors, Rl-4, which isolate their respective capacitors to their stabilising resistors.
inputs against level changes in the other channels. CONSTRUCTION
Mixing is achieved at the juncture of these resistors
and the resultant complex signal is fed. to the base of The unit was designed with an eye for symmetry and
TR! by way of Cl. The amplified signal at the compactness which enabled lead lengths to be kept
collector is applied to the base of the npn transistor TR2 reasonably short and a point-to-point wiring layout
and the output of this is developed across the master to be easily maintained.
control VR5 via the blocking capacitor C5, a part of The component disposition and wiring arrangement
which is re-routed to the emitter of TR1 by R11. This shown in Fig. 3, if followed, should provide the per-
provides negative feedback to the amplifier and fixes formance specifications as set out below.

SPEGIFIGATION
JK3 JK2 JK
Single input impedance-GOO
kilohms
m VR3 VR2 VR
Maximum Output-ZGOmV
Frequency Response-20c/s to
HOkc/s ± 3dB
Overall Gain with any input-
approximately x 1

Fig. 3. Component layout and SKI

wiring of the four-chonne/ mixer 2
516
COMPONENTS ...

Resistors NEXT MONTH!

R1 IMQ R7 27ka
R2 IM« R8 4-7 ka
R3 i Ma R9 iooa
R4 i Ma RIO ika
R5 looka Rll IkQ
R6 lOka RI2 4-7 ka Practlcdl Electronics
All 10% j watt carbon mssim
Potentiometers
VR1 I Ma carbon, log
VR2 IMa carbon, log
VR3 I Ma carbon, log s
VR4 1 Ma carbon, log
VR5 IOkO carbon, log Q
Capacitors <?
CJ elect. 12V
C2 5mF elect. 6V .
C3 lOQfiF elect. 6V ' )
C4 IOO/j,F elect. 12V X
C5 25/iF elect. 12V
m
Sockets
JKI-4 Standard type Jack sockets {4 off) w
SKI Coaxial socket
e %
Switch
SI Single Pole on/off switch
comrryTKinn this mootfi
Battery ".miUiiais
BY I 12 volt pack made up from four 3V batteries
type 72 or eight I-5V cells type 1915
Transistors AX. MILLIVOLTMETER
TBior^wtn 1 Texas Instruments. Ltd., Supplies First of three constructional articles covering
tdo oMima 7 Division,
mzziMUuej Bijcks 12 Welkroft Road.Slough. test instruments tailored for the amateur.
Miscellaneous FLASH GUN
Chassis 74'in x 5|in x 2iin. Group component How to build photographic flash gun for
panel 2in long. Backing plate to suit. Five-way tag
strip. P.V.C. covered wire. Battery connectors battery or mains operation—output rating,
and plastic cases (see text). Five knobs. One 27 j'oules.
Terry clip.
BEAM SWITCHING UNIT
For simultaneous display of two signals on
normal type oscilloscope. Full how-to-make
details.
The input jack sockets are ^in standard types. It
will be noted from the photograph that shorting type BATTERIES FOR
jacks were used to enable the inputs to be grounded TRANSISTORISED EQUIPMENT
until the plugs are inserted—however, these are not
essential. Essential Information for the designer of
The main circuitry was wired on to a 2in length of battery operated equipment.
standard group panel with a similar sized plastics
backing plate acting as a chassis insulating mounting, ORDER NOW ON THE FORM BELOW!
the whole being retained with a single screw fixing.
The battery pack was made up from four batteries
type 72, each of which consists of two cells, type 1915,
They can be housed in containers obtainable from Ta= ... —...{Name of Newsafent)
C. W. Smith & Co. (Radio) Ltd., 3 Lisle Street, London Please reserve/deliver the August issue of PRACTICAL
W.C.2, ELECTRONICS (2/6) on sale July Nth, and continue every
There is a wide range of suitable control knobs on month until further notice.
the market and so the individual constructor has scope
here for satisfying personal preferences. A useful NAME-
addition would be graduated escutcheons which would
provide a reference scale. Here, of course, pointer ADDRESS —
knobs would be required.
The cost of the unit, for materials and components
worked out at approximately £4.

517
 pmnimimiiHimtwiifflitHjs

THE

BC 342

niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilR

Origin COMMENT: Four of the six main h.f. communica-

This receiver has certain features of resemblance to tion bands allocated to the amateur service are embraced
the popular aircraft BC348, dealt with here earlier, within these ranges, though to cover the 21 and 28Mc/s
in several respects electrically, though not mechanically. regions (and of course v. h.f.) external converters would
For example, it includes two r.f. stages, six switched be needed.
bands and several other features in common with the
aircraft version—and it is of much the same age, too, Power Requirements
being manufactured in quantity in America 20 years If the valves are rewired for 6-3 volts l.t., a mains
ago as a general purpose ground station receiver. power unit giving about 3 amps at this voltage and
approximately 80raA at 250V will be satisfactory.
Basic Circuit Because the BC342 was intended to operate under
service conditions from a variety of power sources, space
Two r.f. amplifiers, both VT86 (6K7) was allowed for a small mains power to be inserted at the
First detector .. VT87 (6L7) rear left. Almost certainly this will be found to be
Separate local oscillator VT65 (6C5) for the American supply voltage of 110 to 120 volts,
Two i.f. amplifiers, both VT86 (6K7) in which case a step-up transformer to the British 240
Separate beat oscillator VT65 (6C5) volt level will be required. In many samples of this
Second detector & audio VT88 (6R7G) receiver this change will have been made already by
Output valve VT66 or VTi07 (6V6G) modifying the existing power pack, but the point should
be checked at the time of purchase.
COMMENT: This valve line-up is typical of that to
be found in most versions of the BC342. The com- Controls
bination of two radio frequency stages, two i.f. amplifiers
and an audio stage driving the 6V6 output stage Central is the frequency scale (with detachable
ensure a level of sound output more than adequate for escutcheon) operated by the tuning knob below through
most needs. As befits a sensitive receiver the screening a set of sturdy brass gearwheels, and a convenient
is exceptionally good, the case, of copper sheet, being vernier logging scale; one rotation of the main tuning
virtually "leakproof" from the r.f, point of view. handle _ rotates the logging control through four
revolutions—a commendable order of mechanical
bandspreading.
Waveranges Covered Along the top of the front panel are the aerial
Band no. I alignment control (it operates a 10-210 pF midget
1,500-3,OOOkc/s. trimmer well screened to obviate unwanted pick up),
Band no. 2 3,000-5,000kc/s.
Band no. 3 the crystal phasing control ganged with the crystal
5,000-8,000kc/s. filter switch, and the c.w. oscillator knob. Below, left:
Band no. 4 8,000-11,OOOkc/s.
Band no, 5 11,000-14,OOOkc/s. the bandchahge switch. Below, right: combined i.f.
Band no. 6 14,000-18,OOOkc/s. and a.f. gain control.
intermediate frequency COMMENT: Inspection of the control actions and
of the general construction of the BC342 discloses its
470kc/s on most versions, essentially rugged construction. The wavechange
SIS
 a 12 volt accumulator and vibrator pack might be the
power source. The private user can with no difficulty
We present this month the third article ^ rewire all heaters for the more convenient 6-3 volt
S our series "Classic Communication service by earthing pin. 2 or 7 of each socket and con-
Receivers'*. Intended as a guide to the ^ necting the other to the a.c. low tension rail.
~ prospective purchaser of a high perform* ~ Aerial Input: Two terminals are provided. One
SS ance receiver for use on the h.f. bands, this — may with profit be disconnected and a coaxial socket
~ series gives the basic technical information S
— he will need without delving too deeply into S substituted (see illustration) to accept low impedance
~ the circuitry. Readers should always make — input for an external tuner unit or converter (in the
— sure that a handbook or circuit diagram, S latter case this modification is essential to obviate i.f.
SS at least, is supplied with any receiver pur- SS breakthrough).
—* chased.. ~ Separating the Gain Controls: An unsightly "spout"
at the bottom right hand corner of the front panel
conveyed cableform connections to an associated
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimil

COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS

Fig' I- Block diagram of the BC342 CRYSTAL

FILTER

1st RJ, 2(1(1 H.F. MIXER 1st Lf. 2nd l.F DEMODULATOR
VTee VT86 VT 87 VT86 VT86 | AND AUDIO
(6K7) (6K7) (6L7) (6K7) (6K7) FIRST AUDIO OUTPUT

LOCAL OSC C.W.OSC

VT 65 VT65
1605) (6C5)

switch goes over with a heavy and positive "clank"; transmitter in some wartime applications. The related
within, massive screening of all coil sections is combined microphone and key jacks are redundant and can be
with an arrangement of covers readily removable for turned to more useful service, to feed a second headset,
inspection purposes—though they need not be for perhaps. The "spout" should be removed, the resulting
trimming, for all signal frequency inductors "are access- orifice being covered by a blanking plate and the
ible from the back, and are clearly identified, as indeed combined gain controls separated and mounted on it
are all stages and their major associated assemblies. as shown in the illustration.
The refinement of internal screening puts the oscil- The redundant switch labelled "Rec Send" can
lator section of the gang capacitor in a separate box, either be removed entirely or used to switch on the
an Insulated spindle conveying the drive from the other mains power unit.
three sections of the gang. The three position switch'furnishing a.v.c. or manual
The spread of each amateur band is as foiiows, control will upon being turned to the left (to "OFF")
using the main tuning knob as handset and the vernier mute the receiver output.
as bandspread: Capacitors—the usual warning: The age of every
BAND REVOLUTIONS SCALE WIDTH BC342 means that many capacitors will be suspect—
I-SMc/s 5i 1 in and it is better to test these for leakage before switching
3-5Mc/s ' 5| l|in on rather than wait for smoke to emerge from the
7-OMc/s li ajn case! Even better, ask for a demonstration of the set
14-OMc/s 5| 2 in before purchase.
Used as an i.f. strip for I44-146Mc/s, tuning over
the popular range of 14-16Mc/s required no less than DON'T BE DISAPPOINTED . . .
22tj revolutions—an admirable degree of bandspreading.
We receive many requests for back numbers
but many have to be disappointed because
Recommended Basic Modifications stocks are limited.
Heaters: Pairs of valves have heaters series connected, Don't fet this happen to you. Make certain of
with suitable l.t. equalising resistors where appropriate, your copy of Practical Electronics every
month by placing an order with your local
to permit use in the field (in a military sense!) where I newsagent or bookseller. I

519
 KevioaM cantata
Sir—I wonder if any of your
I \ readers can suggest an answer to a
problem that I am faced with.
I am designing a machine to play
any piano. Briefly, the method is
A SELECTION FROM OUR POSTBAG that the music will be played first
by a pianist on a specially adapted
master piano. This adaptation
will consist of electrical contacts
being placed beneath each of the 85
Healthy and recent series, I felt, concentrated notes plus the sustaining pedal, the
too much on valves and this is one contacts being wired to 86 tracks on
constru. five field where the tremendous specially wide magnetic tape. When
Sir—If the tone of this letter advantages of transistors- must any note or the pedal is pressed, an
appears to be one of criticism I hope render valves obsolete. impulse is recorded on the appro-
that it will be received in the spirit In a nutshell, this is a plea for priate track on the moving tape.
intended—i.e. healthy and con- devices which are really worth- The playback can be on any
structive. while. I hasten to add that worth- piano, by means of the following:
For years most relevant technical while devices have appeared in The playback mechanism is con-
magazines have issued a succession your publication but the ones tained in a casing, the length of a
of "Process Timers" for photo- quoted, in my opinion, do fall keyboard, and can be placed on the
graphic and other uses. I observe short in value. keyboard of any piano. There Is
from the June issue that another D. Coney, an additional mechanical device to
version is published. The world Lincoln. be clamped to the left pedal, to
of electronics can be so useful to reach over and motivate the right
the amateur (and professional) Your comments concerning the timer for
photographic processes were particularly pedal.
photographer. What a pity, then, of interest since we are proposing to The tape is played back over 86
that we do not appear to explore it publish details of a rather more ambitious magnetic heads, each impulse
fully. From the description given device within the next few months. charging an electro-magnet which
it would seem to me that the purely This device will be designed specifically motivates a plunger above one
audible device implied would have for colour prints. of the 85 notes on the keyboard,
been very useful some 20 or 30 We have already published a design or the sustaining pedal. Thus the
years ago. I can see no point in for an electronic flash gun. However, in entire piece of music is replayed.
constructing a device purely for the view of the considerable interest shown
in this particular field, we shall be However, the problem is: Can
sake of constructing it and which the velocity at which each
can do little more than simpler (and offering another design next month.
Finally, with regard to your comments individual note is struck by the
perhaps cheaper) devices- which concerning the Radio Control of Models pianist on the master piano be
already exist. series, I should explain that this was faithfully recorded by the impulse
The photographic timer would intended primarify os on introduction to and transmitted to the playback
have been of use in the days when, the subject, and no attempt was made to plunger? It is quite essential, of
say, film development was carried introduce detailed designs. We hope course, to record and transmit the
out by hand in the darkroom. to publish constructional projects for
radio control in the future.—Ed. comparative velocities of the
But, surely what the photographer various notes, for without this there
requires these days is firstly, an can be no expression in the music
interlocked enlarger lamp and when replayed.
timer. Secondly, assistance in deter- I am assuming that impulses at
mining correct exposure for given the recording stage and electro-
negatives and preferably that this magnets at the playback stage are
information be automatically fflPfli
the best means to employ for this
coupled to the timing device. I mechanism.
Commercial devices such as this m
Percy Kramer,
already exist and so surely it would London, N.W.ll.
be not too difficult to produce an
amateur design. A method which might be helpful here, in
A comparable device for use New Zealand calling obtaining control over the expression,
with production of colour prints Sir—I have been interested in some would be by means of d.c. recording
would also be most acceptable but of the pictures you have shown in techniques and use of mognet/c amplifica-
here, I would agree, we may be too your 73 Page and thought you tion.
ambitious. A recently developed type of playback
might like one from overseas. head uses a ferrite core, and is sensitive
I would also be interested in more New Zealand changed its licence to direct unchanging mognet/c fields, and
information with reference to elec- plate system a couple of years ago to magnetisation of the tape at very low
tronic flash equipment. There and I managed to hunt down the speeds, and even provides an output when
appears to be a gap here which has one in the photograph which has the tape is stationary! This is because
not been adequately filled. an added interest with the "88". the ferrite is arranged to comprise a
In passing, I must also express Best of luck to you and your saturable reactor.
some personal disappointment in page. If the pulse is picked up by means of
the lack of detailed constructional an iron-cored search coil situated near
ZL2RP, the piano mechanism of each individual
information on transistor trans- Lower Hutt, note, it may be passed on to o mognet/c
mitters for Radio Control. The New Zealand. amplifier. Small magnets may be attached
520
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521
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522
 paid for out of the membership fee CAN YOU HELP?
of 10s Od per year.
If anyone is interested in starting Letters for inclusion under this heading should
an electronics group elsewhere 1 be as brief as possible. Replies should be made
would be very pleased indeed to direct to the readers concerned.
A SELECTION FROM OUh HOSTUAb
give them any help they may Sir—I would be very much obliged if
require based on my own experience any reader could let me know where
continued when 1 started the St. Cyres I can get the March 1966 issue.
Electronics Group and this club. R. Schofield, 23, Alwyn Avenue,
to the mechanism of each note in order to We have other very interesting Litherland, Liverpool, 21,
induce a pulse in the search coil. There projects lined up for the future and Sir—Could any of your readers
is thus, in the master piano, a search also hope to publish a Newsletter supply me with the January J966
coil and magnet, and a magnetic amplifier giving details of our activities, issue. 1 will pay full charge and of
for each note which may be sitaoted course postal rates.
either in the piano itself or in the ancillary together with reports on affiliated C, J. Dee, 13 Vulcan Crescent, North
equipment. groups. Starting next September Hykeham, Lincoln, Lines.
The output of each magnetic amplifier we will show technical films at
may be arranged to be d.c. of one meetings and have discussions on Sir—I am interested in purchasing
polarity only, and this is used to activate them, as well as our special back numbers of Vol. I. I am willing
the recording head coils. projects. to pay" cost price of each copy and
Upon playback the saturable playback Cyril Bogod, postage,
heads will react to the d.c. magnetisation Penarth, A. Clement, 14 Greepmill Road,
(which is proportional to or a function of Longtown, Cumberland.
the original pulse), further magnetic Glam.
amplifiers would then activate the Sir—I have been trying to obtain the
e/ectro-mognetfc actuators, causing the following copies; November 1964
fceys to be struck with a force related to to September 1965 inclusive. I am
the original. flegenerative feedback willing to pay a fair price for these
It appears that magnetic amplifiers Sir—I would be obliged if you copies in reasonable condition.
would have certain advantages over could help with a point of elec- John Carrell, 41 Atkinson Road,
valves or transistors in this app/icotion, tronics theory. Sale, Cheshire,
Not the least would be the high sensitivity, I am at present working on a
power obtainable, and better controi over project to design a school -elec- Sir—Could any of your readers
the energy transfer charocfer/stics. supply me with the • February and
Possibly with a system of this nature, tronics course, approached via March 1966 issues.
timing problems would be a big factor, and semiconductors. One of the • R. B. Summer, Bruce House, Stowe,
it may be possible to achieve best timing circuits 1 have constructed is a Buckingham, .
oniy by making a simultaneous audio perfectly conventional, RC
recording of the master piano piece and coupled, three stage amplifier using Sir—I need the December 1964 and
correcting the master tape after careful three GETIH transistors. January 1965 copies to complete my
comparison with the audio recording. The amplifier functions perfectly set of issues.
You will no doubt find there are many while I used a 9V bench supply^in the M. Beeforth, 2 Sunset Rise, Mean-
technicai difficulties involved in this wood, Leeds 6, Yorkshire.
project. It is quite a hefty development laboratory. Recently the l.t. unit
job. I hope my suggestion of magnetic was being changed and I used in its Sir—Please would any reader send
amplifiers and a saturable ferrite playback place a 9V battery. The amplifier me an August 1965 issue.
head is of some help.—AJ.8. immediately produced a very high P. Ashford, 24 Sunningdale Road,
audio frequency oscHIation. When Denton, Manchester.
the input terminals where shorted
British amateur together the oscillation reduced in Sir—If any reader has the November
to March 1965, also May and Septem-
electronics club frequency but emerged at full gain ber 1965 issues, complete with blue-
from the loudspeaker. prints, to dispose of I would pay him
Sir—I am writing to inform you Returning to the bench supply a fair price.
that the St. Cyres Eiectronics the oscillation disappeared. Using A. J, Campbell, "Uplands", 101
Group has changed its name to separate 9V packs for each stage Oliver's Battery Road, Winchester,
The British Amateur Electronics also removed the oscillation. Hants.
Club. I have not yet found a theoretical
The aim of the B.A.E.C. is to explanation for this effect. Can Sir—I would be very grateful if any
fulfil a similar function in the field you shed any light on the problem? reader of Practical Electronics
of general electronics to that per- could sell me a handbook for
P. Green, HalHcrafters Model S-38A.
formed by the British Amateur Beckett Park, M. A. Batt, Post Office, Rokewood
Television Club in its own Leeds, 6. Junction, Victoria, Australia.
particular field. I am very grateful
to Mr. D. Mann, the Hon. Secretary The impedance of the 9V battery wos Sir—I would be grateful if any reader
and Mr. Grant Dixon a founder providing regenerotive feedback. The could sell or loan me information on
member of the B.A.T.C. for their internal impedance of a battery increases the cells, lens system or a suitable
help and for allowing me to copy a with its discharge state. power supply for "Tabby, Type E",
large part of their constitution. Since the loop gain of the unit is infra Red binoculars.
The first project this session will greater than unity, with the input J. C. Duncan, 18 Grove Park,
grounded conditions ore right for the Wanstead, London, E.U.
be an electronic shooting gallery
which we hope to have ready to amplifier to function as a phase-shift
demonstrate to the public in aid of oscillator. This might be proved by
inserting a low value potentiometer in the
charity by August. All the com- battery lead. If this is varied you will Back humbers are usually very quickly ex-
ponents wilt be supplied to the probably find that the pitch of the hausted. We strongly advise all our readers
that a standing order be placed with their news-
members free by the club, being osciflation will change.—C.G. agent to avoid any future disappointment.
523
 A Commentary on Souna Reproducing Equipment ny Clement Brown

■■y
This -month, more than the usual variety of tech-
nical developments compete for attention. Not
only were many new products introduced at the Audio
Fair, but a wealth of American equipments, many of
them unfamiliar to British enthusiasts, were also
shown at an exhibition in London.
BETTER RECORD REPRODUCTION
As far as British and some imported disc equipments Leak stereo pick-up
are concerned, the Audio Fair provided confirmation
of trends that were apparent during the last year or so.
Greater understanding of pick-up requirements have already familiar model but has the high compliance of
taken us well beyond a quest for wider response: 20 x JO-6 cm/dyne and a vertical tracking angle of
manufacturers can now claim more success in lessening 15 degrees. An elliptical stylus is fitted, and there is a
the audible effects of distortions inherent in record new method of stylus arm mounting to give better
reproduction. Tracking distortions can detract more protection against damage.
from clear, musical results than any other flaws in the Further down the price range is the CS91/E, the
audio system are likely to do; but disc reproduction most recent version of Goldring's ceramic stereo
at its best is superior to anything achieved with other cartridge. Compared with the familiar CS90, it
programme sources. can be tracked at a lower pressure; the compliance
Customers for pick-ups of really high quality will is higher and there is an elliptical tip. This cartridge
of course look for such features as low playing weight, exemplifies what is being done to offer a good standard
smooth response and high head compliance. However, of performance with reduced record wear—at moderate
there can be no warranty of secure tracking and good cost.
performance unless the pick-up presents a small In the more advanced arms, intended for very low
mechanical impedance to the groove; hence a greater playing weights, the reduction of pivot friction is
emphasis on small effective tip mass (as low as 1 essential. It is equally vital to ensure that connecting
milligramme) and the taming of resonances. The mass wires passing round the pivots do not introduce
of arm/head combinations are further reduced in appreciable friction or torque. This particular snag
recent models. does not arise in a new laboratory arm by Audio &
Design, who have ingeniously incorporated mercury
NEW PICK-UPS baths in the pivot pedestal. Signals from the head
pass, via small electrodes, through the mercury and
Leak's new stereo pick-up, an integrated arm and thence to the lead-out cables.
head, is a variable reluctance design intended to track
at 2 grammes. The tip mass is quoted as less than 1 AUDIO ELECTRONICS
milligramme. Other specification points include 10 x
10_8 cm/dyne compliance, channel separation of On the electronics side of audio the application of
25dB at 1,000 c/s, and average output of 6mV. An transistors is clearly the focus of interest. This is
elliptical stylus is fitted. The arm, which features a a time of steady development, and performance stan-
viscous-damped unipivot, has a raising and lowering dards are gradually being raised. One of the most
device. Price is £26 16s. 6d. interesting amplifiers in the popular price range is
A new version of the Ortofon moving-coil head,
imported by Metro-Sound, is basically similar to the
Audio & Design pick-up and mercury bath
 0VEI
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NO PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE NEEDED
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CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE

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every type of modern ELECTRONIC COMPONENT

OVER 40 EXPERIMENTS — including:-

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Electro-magnetic Experiments # Simple Transmitter
Basic Amplifier % Electronic Switch
Basic Oscillator 0 Photo-electric Circuit
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Signal Tracer 0 Basic Radio Receiver
Simple Counter 0 A.C. Experiments
Time Delay Circuits D.C. Experiments
This complete practical course will teach you all the basic principles of electronics by carrying
out experiments and building operational apparatus. You will learn how to recognise and handle
all types of modern components, their symbols and how to read a complete circuit or
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and used and HOW THEY ACTUALLY WORK BY USING THE OSCILLOSCOPE
PROVIDED. An application is given in all the main fields of electronics, i.e. Radio; control
circuits; computers and automation; photoelectrics; counters, etc., together with rules and
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British National Radio School

525
 KING'S

TELE-SERVICE CO. The hard-to-find man

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FULHAM 1668-2998

526
the Goodmans Maxamp, which employs silicon
transistors. Others include a new Elizabethan model:
it is a shelf-mounting unit, catering for magnetic and
ceramic pick-ups and rated at 10 watts per channel.
The price is 39 gns.
Howland-West showed prototypes of transistor
amplifiers which are due for production in August.
System One, as the first model is called, incorporates
a new type of output stage and is rated at 12| watts
per channel. A power response of 20-20,000 c/s
is claimed. A second model, System Two, is also
promised.
Tape recorders, especially portables, are mostly
transistorised, and exceptions to the rule become Elizabethan Princess stereo amplifier
fewer. On the other hand it is noticeable that many
professional machines depend on valves: this is true . Finally a note on audio from the U.S.A. The
of the Brenell and Ferrograph recorders and some other American manufacturers, at their recent hi-fi show,
top-class instruments seen recently. were seeking U.K. agents for their products. Of
Decks include two by Scopetronics. Their type course, some firms—for instance Dynaco, Fisher and
825, costing £49 10s., has 1% and 3|in/sec speeds, Shure—already sell in this country. Nevertheless
and the selection of speed is effected by changing over there are untapped riches of which one hopes to see
the number of poles in the capstan motor. Four heads more in the future. Price levels are generally high,
can be fitted. A larger deck, type 1150, operates at but the exhibition provided much evidence of technical
15 and 7iin/sec and accepts spools of up to lliin ingenuity and smart design.
diameter.
AMERICAN PRODUCTS
SPEAKER SYSTEMS Firms represented by Delrama included Acoustic
New speaker systems and drive units continue to Research, whose excellent speakers and turntables
arrive in variety. Among the compact systems are have received limited attention in the U.K. before.
the Decca Kelly-Mini and the Leak Mini Sandwich. Other turntables included two Rek-O-Kut models and
The latter employs methods of design and construction the Marantz zero-tracking-error model, which has a
already made familiar in the standard Sandwich radial pick-iip arm. Empire, Grado and Pickering
system. Other small speakers are the Rectavox Ambi were among the pick-up specialists. Tape equipment
(£36 IOs.), the Sonotone Solent (£18) and the Truvox included high-quality machines by Crown and Ampex,
LS.120 (19 gns.). the latter's reputation being such that 800 and 2,000
Among the new floor-standing speakers is the KEF series recorders were used for demonstrations by the
Concord, the successor to the Duette. This nice- other exhibitors.
looking model, measuring 24in x 15in x 9|in, sells Only one or two of the many speaker firms can be
at £39 19s. Constructors should note that a brochure mentioned. Although compact models seem fairly
of enclosure designs is available from .KEF Electronics popular, there are at least as many large, heavy-duty
Ltd., Tovil, Maidstone, Kent- The latest big speaker systems on the American scene. Those by J. B.
from Wharfedale is the Teesdale (£52 10s.), and there is Lansing and Sherwood are intended for large rooms
also a new 12in drive unit, the W12/FRS. and gracious living. Nearly all American speakers are
multi-unit systems with crossover filters.
KEF Concord loudspeaker cabinet The first thing one notices about the tuners and
amplifiers is the predominance of smart metal control
panels. Then one becomes absorbed in technical
matters, notably the wide use of elaborate transistor
circuits (no expense spared). Some power ratings
seem unnecessarily high, even taking low efficiency
speakers into account; but obviously a generous
power reserve means small distortion under practical
conditions.
Some names to look out for are CM, Electro-Voice,
Mclntosh and Sherwood. As befits the size of the
market, American enthusiasts enjoy an impressive
choice, and the chances are that we shall be sharing
some of it with them if things go well.
Scopetronics 82S
tape deck
 detached

particles
JOHN VALENCE

TABS ON THE DABS Coupled with this plan is the Well I suppose it is no good
intention to overhaul ail relevant preaching standardisation and then
Quite a bit of controversy has standards. The Ministry of Tech- raising objections in particular
arisen over the Home Office nology is now responsible for spon- instances. The balance seems now
suggestion that perhaps everyone's sorship of the British Standards decidedly in favour of Hertz and I am
fingerprints should be recorded as Institution -and so will have a direct afraid we shall soon be saying a
part of the campaign to stamp out influence upon its deliberations. reluctant good-bye to our old friend
crime. There will be bitter argu- "c/s". But it won't be easy to
ments about whether or not this is an GOODBYE TO C/S ? readapt oneself after years of writing
infringement of individual liberty. kc/s, Mc/s and plain c/s.
This apart it is not altogether certain So far as symbols and abbreviations
that the proposal Is feasible from a used in electronics are concerned,
technical point of view. there is already a fair degree of RATHER SHATTERING
Classifying the "dabs" of some conformity between different Those Jiving in the vicinity of a
60 million people would be quite an countries. major airport will readily accept the
undertaking even for that prodigious But one important case where we claims made for the demoralising
machine the electronic computer. do differ from the continentals is in effectiveness of the "Curdler."
However some experts think that
there is a good chance of sorting out
the fingerprints by measuring the
sines and cosines of the arches, loops
and whorls which make up fingerprint
patterns. At anyrate, IBM for one
are busily Investigating this possibility.
Where will all this recording and
tabulating of persons end? Will the ■ ill A
stage ever be reached where it will be
possible to locate instantly any
individual through the medium of an
implanted device—as a colleague of RIO SQUAD
mine suggested the other day?
Perhaps a -somewhat nightmarish
thought, but it is reasonable to
suppose that technology will be
called upon to play an ever increasing
role in the fight against crime.

GETTING IN STEP
Whether we ever get into, the
Common Market or not—we shall at " I said ft would be no good at a pop festival—they're dancing to It!"
least be going metric. The com-
mitment has already been made by
the Government and more recently the terminology used for frequency. This, In case you have not already
the Minister of Technology While we have been quite happy heard, is the latest device for quelling
announced his intention of establish- with cycles per second and the unruly mobs. A kind of super
ing a nationwide calibration service. abbreviated form "c/s", it has long public address system with a built-in
This has been decided upon with the been common practice In other noise generator, the Curdler has been
full encouragement of industry as a countries to use "Hertz", and the devised to bombard troublesome
further step towards getting our house shortened form "Hz", for this crowds with a raucous output of such
in order and in tune with other purpose. intensity and tonal character that the
countries. The Americans, although 3,000 disorderly elements are well and truly
Not least of the reasons behind miles or more from Europe, have now stunned, frozen in their tracks, and
this decision is the handicap our decided in favour of "Hertz" and the finally compelled to retreat with
export trade is suffering because of change is already , apparent in hands clamped to ears. They are
the present lack of authenticated technical literature originating in the luckier in this respect than some
calibration certificates for certain U.S.A. In face of this, can we in this householders who just have to sit and
measuring instruments and equip- off-shore island hold out much take it when another VC10 or 707
ments made here. longer against our close neighbours? shrieks its way over the roof tops.
528
 LAFAYETTE HA-4J TEST EQUIPMENT
COMMUNICATION PORTABLE OSCILLOSCOPE CT.52
a RECEIVER A10 compact
e/8.40 tc/s.(9'X8*X
Band 161*)
width general
1 Mc/a. purpose
Mnllard"scope.
PG 7/6T/B
2}*
7 valves plus Rectifier. 4 Bands, ttfldkc/s- CHT. Forope»»UoBOn200/260 v.A.C, Supplied complete
31 Mc/a. "S" Meter—BFO—ANL—Band- with
Brandmetal transit case, strap, teat leads, and visor
new. 422.10.0. Can*. 10/-. Supplied complete with hood. Mm
Qcclc'&C) spread
>'ew £4 Tuning.
0m. Carr. 200/250
Paid. v. A.C. Brand InstruetloM.
OS/B8/U OSCILLOSCOPES
LAFAYETTE HA.230 AMATEUR High quality Portable
COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER American OscIUaacope. 3*
Supenedea model HE-SO. 8 vslvet + rectifier. C.r.t. T/B 3 c/b-60 kc/» X ERSKINE TYPE 13 DOUBLE
Continuous coverage on 4 bands. 650 K«/e—
30 Me/s. Incorporates Amp: 0-2 Mc/s. PowerY BEAM OSCILLOSCOPE
Amp i 0-500 ko/e
Multiplier, B.P.O.. AJ)t,1 HP
"8"&meter.
2 IP stages,
ElectricalQ 0 requirements 105-125V. Time base 2 c/e-760 kc/s. Calibrators at
A.O, Supplied
bandapread, Aerial trimmer, etc. Supplied brand
new new condition,in brand
fully 100 kc/» andupX Mc/a, Separata Y1 and Y2
Alsoand guaranteed.
available in aem]*33. 6.A.E.SStorgns.
Kit Form. lull details. tested. Carr. amplifiers
426.230/U6v.
10/-. 8uf table 110/230
to 5.5 Mo/a- Operation
volt A.C. Supplied in perfect
Transformer 16/9. working order. 427/10/-. Carriage 20/-.
LAFAYETTE HA-SSA
AIRCRAFT RECEIVER TE-20 RF SIGNAL GENERATOR
108-138 Mc/s. High selectivity and Accurate wlda range signal
sensitivity. Jncorporntes 2 HP stages «■ generator covering 120 kc/8.-280
Including 6CW4 Nnvlstor, Mc/s on 6 bands. Pirectly
11 tube perlommnoe. solid 8state
tubespower
(or calibrated. Variable 300/240
attenuator. Operation R.F.
supply, adiustable squelch control, slide v. A.C. Brand new with In-
rule dial, built In 4ln. speaker and Iront
© oo panel phone
Supplied brand,jack.
new 220/210V. A.C.
and guaranteed.
structions, 412.10.0. P. i p.
7/6.
119.7.6. Plane
Ground Carr.Antenna
10/-. 68/5.
108-J7S - Mc/a 8Jt.E. for details.
HAM-I COMMUNICATION
RECEIVER LAFAYETTE NUVICTOR
LAFAYETTE TB-46 GRID DIP METER
6 valve snperhet receiver covering 860 RESISTANCE CAPA- Compact true one hand operation.
Kc/s—30 Ho/s on 4 bands. Special fea-
tures Include ailtle rule dial. Bandapread CITY ANALYZER
tuning. 'B' meter. 230/240
speaker. Operation B.F.O.v. Built In 4*
A.C. Brand 2 PF—2,000 MFD. 2 ohms— Frequency range 1.7-180 Mc/s. 280v.
AC operation. Supplied complete
New with Instructions, 18 QMS. Carr. 10/- © 200 Megohms. turns
Impedance, Also checks
ratio,
S. A.E. for details. insulation 200/260v. A.C. Carr. 5/-, and Instmeiiona. 412.10.0.
with all colls
Brand New 415. Carr, 7/6-
MAIN LONDON SINCLAIR TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS TE22 SINE SQUARE WAVE
AGENTS FOR ZI2 Amplifier 89/6: Power Pack 64/-; X10 Amplifier Built AUDIO GENERATORS NOMBREX EQUIPMENT
CODAR 48.19.9, Kit 15,19.9; X10 PowerX20 Pack 64/-: X20 Amplifier Sine
EQUIPMENT BuUt Pit 40,19.6,
Radio Kit
Kit 47.19.6.
45,19.6. MicroPower
6. 69/6;Pack 44.19.6. ko/s. 20oncps to 200 Transistorised Audio Generator 10-100,000 o/a.
4 bands. Sine or square wave, 419X5,0.
All Items available as Micro Kit 38/6; Micro amp 28/6; Micro Inleotion 27/6.
TH750
Post
amp
Paid. Square: 20 cps to Transistorised
'20 kc/s, Output 350 Signal Generator 160 ko/s.
advertised Mc/s. 410.0.0.
I 2-WAY RADIOS impedance
ohms. 6,000
200/240 v. Transistorised resistance capacity bridge XO-
TRANSISTORISED ] Superb 100 M«g£J, 1 pMOOtiF. 46.
TWO-WAY
TELEPHONE plete withquality. Com-
all accessories A.C. operation. Transistorised
Supplied Induction
Brand 418. Mains operated Transistor bridge lirN-lOOH.
power supply
and fully guaranteed. New and Cnaran- nnit,above
output l-15v. up tobattery.
100 mA. £6,10.0.
INTERCOM. teed with
tion manual and leads. 416. Cart. 7/6. Instruc- All post paid with
Operative over nmaitngly. 3 Transistor 47,10.0 pr.
long distances. Separata 4 Transistor 11 gn>, pr. CLEAR PLASTIC PANEL METERS
coll and press to talk « Transistor 417.10.0 pr. First grade quality. Moving Coll panel meters, available
buttons. 2-wlre connection. 10 Transistor 422.10.0 pr. ea-stook. 8.A.B. for fllostrated leaflet. Discounts for
JOOO's of applications. Post extra. (S.A-'B. for quantity. Available as follows; Type JfE. 38P. 1 21/32(n.
Beautifully finished In- 'V't full details). square fronts.
ebony. Supplied complete
with batteries and wall
brackets. P lO0d)-lOOuA 27/6 SOOmA 22/9 100V B.C. . 22/9
46.10.0, pair. P. A P. 3/6. VOLTAGE 500-0-5flOiiA 22/9 aoOmA 22/9 laoVB.c,. 22/8
1-O-lmA
1mA. .... 22/8 000mA.
22;8
22/6 760mA. .. 22/6 500V 300V B.C. . 22/9
MASNAVOX 363 TARE DECKS STABILIZER 2mA 1A P.C, .. 22/9 22/6 750V
B.C. . 22/9
B.C. . 22/6
New 3-speed tape deck, supersedes old TRANSFORMERS 6mA........
10mA 22/9 2A
22/6 6AP.C. B.C. . 22/0
.. 22/8 C0V A.C. .... 22/6
15V A.C.
Coltaro studio deck.
4-track 418.10.0. 2-track 410.10.0. Input
Carr. Paid. 80-120V.
and 160-240v. OO/cA
lOO/rA 32/6
29,8 50mA 20mA 22/6 3V B.C. .. 22/8
22/6 10V B.C. 32/8 300V A.C. 160V A.C. .. 22/9
22/6
Constant 22/6
PCR3 RECEIVERS HOv. or output
240v,, 200uA
600/rA 27,6
26/- 100mA 22/6 20V B.C. 22;8 600V A.O. 22/6
Absolutely brand new 3 wave bands ISO- 240 New watte. Brand
Guaranteed. IHWWWInA .. 29/8 150mA.. 22/9 60V D.C. . 22/6 "8"MetcrlraA 29/6
POST EXTRA. Larger sizes available—send for lists.
650 metres and 2,3-23 mc/s with circuit
48.19.6. Carriage 10/6. Plug-In power 7/9. 410.10.0. Carr.
supply 12 volt d.c. 19/6. 230 volt a.c. TE-SI NEW TS-76 20,000 O.P.V. PUSH
85/-, VARIABLE VOLTAGE 20.000n/YOLT BUTTON MULTI-TESTER
TRANSFORMERS MULTIMETER Simple operation,
AMERICAN TAPE Brand New—Fully D.C. volts up to
First new,
grads Biscoonta
quality forAmerican Shrouded. Input 230v. 0/8/60/120 1,000 v. A.C. volts
Brand qmrniltles,tapes. 50/60 c/a. Ontpnt 0-260
Volte.
1,200V. A.C.
0 / 3 / 30 / 60 / 300 / op to 1,000 v.
3in., 226ft. X,.P. acetate. 4/. 1 Amp,, £4.10.0 600 1 3.000V. D.C. Resistance op to
aiin., 600ft, P.P. mylar 10,'- 2.6 Amp .... 45.17.6 0 / 60uA / 12 / 300 10 megohm. Current
5to., 600ft. sld. plastic 8/8 6 Amp 49.0.0 MA.
0 / 60KP.C./ 6 Meg. O up to 250 ' mA,
Sin., 900ft. L.P. acetate 10/- 8 Amp 413.10.0 85/-. F. A P. 2/6. Decibels — 20 to
61m, l.aooft. P.P. mylar 15/- 10 Amp 417.0.0
6in.i 1.800(1. T.P, mylar 85/- 12 Arop 419.10,0 4- 36 db. 46.6.0,
BJIo., l,200ft.
6iln., 3,800ft. P.P. acetate
P.P. mylar 12/6
22/6 20
2.6 AmpAmp 432.10.0
Portable— MODEL PV-58 VALVE P. b P. 2/-.
6Jtn. 2,400ft. T.P. mylar 48/- Metal Case with Meter* VOLTMETER MOBEL 600.30,000
7io., l.SOOfl.
Vim, 1,200ft. std.
L.P. mylar
aceUte 12/8
IS/. Fuses, etc. 49/17/6. IX meg. Input. 7 D.C. o.p.v. O/.6/1/2.6/10/
7to., X,800ft. P.P. mylar.......... 20/- 200 V.P.I.V. SILICON RECTIFIERS volt ranges. 1.6- 05 / 100 / 260 / 600 /
7iu., 2,400ft. P.P. mylar 26/- 400 v. P.I.V. 3 amp. 200mA 1.600 v. 7 A.C. volt 1,000V. B.C.
7ta. 3,900lt. T.P. mylar 68/9 1,000 v. PJ.V. 650 mA ranges Peak
4,000 1.6-1.600
to v.
Peak. 0 / 2.6 / 10 / 25 /
Postage 2/-. Over 43 post paid. Reastance .2 ohm to 100
l.OOOv./ A.C.
250 / 600/
800 v. P.I.V. IKKtmA 1,000 megohm.. Deci- 0 / W/xh / 5 / 60 /
800 v.v. P.I.V.
400 S amp
PXV. SOOmA bete—lOdbto +65db. SOOmA. 12 amp.
CALLERS WELCOME ! 70 v. P.I.V. 1 amp, Supplied brand new D.C.
with instructions,
toOpen 9 a.m. toTrade
Saturday. 6 p.m. every day Monday J60 v. PXV. 165mA
(applied. Ulscounta lor qoanttlles. Post es leads and probe.
412/10/-. P. & P. 3/6.
0 / 60K / 6 Meg.
Meg fl. £8/17/8
PoetPald.
160.

(RADIO) LIMITED
Phone: CERRARD 5204/9/55
Cables: SMITH EX LE5QUARE
3-34 LISLE STREET, LONDON, W.C.2

529
 Practical Electronics Classified Advertisements

The pre-paid rate for classified advertisements is I/- per word (mlmmum order 12/-), box number
1/6 extra. Semi-displayed setting £3.5.0 per single column ipch. All cheques, postal orders,
etc., to be made payable to PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS and crossed " Lloyds Bank Ltd."
Treasury notes should always be sent registered post. Advertisements, together with remittance,
should be sent to the Advertisement Manager, PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS, George Newnes
Ltd., Tower House, Southampton Street, London, WC2, for insertion in the next available issue.

TAPE RECORDERS, TAPES, ETC. MISCELLANEOUS FOR SALE

/confimi ed)
TAPES TO DISC—using finest professional " P.E." MOTORIST AIDS. Home Aids. Bonanza
equipment—45 r.p.m. IS/-. S.A.B. leaflet. Project?. Vibrato Unit. Burglar Alarm.
DERO Y, 62 Heat Bank Lane, Lancaster. Transistor Tester.- Portable Ratemeter. FOR SALE. Osellloseopes — Galvanometers —
Compact Power Unit. A.F. and R.F.- Signal Everehed & Vlgnolles Meggers. Also other
Tracer. Pipe and Cable Locator. Electronic items and components. Free list. Stamp
Candle. Servo System. Minlprobe Signal please. R. & E. MART, Box 9, GJ.O..
SERVICE SHEETS Generator. Simple Digital Computer. Fire Tunbrldge Wells, Kent.
Alarm. System. Neon Novelties. Doorphone.
Audio Oscillator and Valve Voltmeter. Water TRANSCEIVERS
SERVICE SHEETS for all makes Radio, T/V, Level Alarm. New Look Tape Recorder.
Tape Recorders, 1925-1966. Prices from I/-. General Purpose Sealer. Echo L" nit. Noughts W.S. 38 A.F.V. New condition. Complete
Catalogue 6,000 models, 2/8. Free fault- and Crosses Machine. Transistor and Diode set of valves, 17/8, p. <fc p. 4/-; 30/- pair, p. & p.
flnding guide with all sheets. All types of Tester. Simple Analogue Computer. Stereo 7/6. G.P.O. Licence required.
Valves, Components, Books, S.A.E, lists. Record Player. Integrated Transistor Ampli- BQVERNMENT SURPLUS. Electrical and
Please send stamped addressed envelope with fier. Two Band Radio Toner. Intercomm Radio Equipment. Our new catalogue No. 16
all orders/enquiries. HAMILTON RADIO, Unit. V.H.F. Broadcast Receiver. R/C
Bridge, Inexpensive Oscilloscope. Dark now ready, 2/8 Post Free, cost refunded on
Western Road, St. Leonards, Sussex. Room Timer. Light Dimmer. Muliard Minia- purchase of goods over £2. ARTHUR SALLIS,
ture Electrolytios and Hi-stab Resistors. Radio Control Ltd., 03, North Road, Brighton,
S.A.E. for itemised price lists. Please state
CIRCUIT, GOMP., VALUES, Avo model 7. 2/8 requirements. AXAX ELECTRONICS, 18a
plus S.A.EJ TELUAV, Maudland Bank, Rurabold Road, Fulhsm, London, S.W.e. A.C. STANDARD. Mains Motors Fractional
Preston. H.P. 3iiu dmx4iu long with Jin spindle.
Many uses. Brand new, 25/- each. P. & P. 2/6d,
AT LAST I Printed circuit boards at a price Small Battery Motors IJin diax2ln long—
you can afford. Supplied for all published 4J to 9 volts. Heavy construction; only 7/88.
ITATE MODEL NO. Radio 1/8. TV 3/-. designs In Electronics, Radio, T.V., and Hi-FI each. P. & P. 1/-. WALTONS WIRELESS
S.A.B. DARWIN, 19 George Street, St. magazines. Components also available for all STORES,-15 Church Street, Wolverhampton.
Helens, Lanes. circuits. Bargains Include 6% Hi-Stab resis-
tors 4d. each, general purpose germanium
diodes 6d. each. S.A.B. full details. BEE-
SERVICE SHEETS JAY ELECTRONICS (Dept. P.E.), 106, IHAMMERITE
insVUVIL. IVI i k pjyjns ^ AND ^ SOXIS
4/- each, plus postage.
Reddicap Heath Road, Sutton Coldfleld,
Warwickshire. ★ THE PATTERN IS IN THE TIN *
We have the largest supply of Ser- 2i oz. ALL
tinj YOU 3/6
DO IS BRUSH IT ON I 35/-*
J gallon
i pint 716 I gallon 50/-*
vice Sheets for all makes and types Carriage; Orders up to 5,-. 9d: upbyto road)
I pint 15/- (' sent 10/-, 1/9;
of Radios and Televisions, etc. in the ■*»oa price w Hwimwc ftn&h»i !••• our mafai peg* 536 over 10/-, -2/9. Colours: Blue. Silver, Black or
country. Speedy Service. Bronze.your
From Return of post sorvico,
component shop or.Monday
direct to Friday.
from the
To obtain the Service Sheet you tnanufocturcr
FINNIGAN SPECIALITY PAINTS {PE) . -
require, please compfete the at- Miekley Square,
Tel. Stocksfield, Northumberland
Stocksfield 2260
tached coupon:
From: TRANSFORMERS Rewound. Output or CRACKLE PAINT. Black or Grey, i pint tins
Name: mains. Specials made to order. Reasonable 4/-, post 6d. from the component specialists.
prices. S.A.E. enquiries. RATCUFFE, 27 SBRVIO RADIO, 156-8 Merton Road.
Station Road, Holmftrth, Yotks. Wimbledon, London, S.W. 19.
Address:
PRINTED CIRCUITS. Made photographically C. Core Transformers
to your specification. S.A.E. (large) for full
details and prices. FORREST STUDIOS, Mains Prim; Tapped 200/240V. Sec.;
Market Street, Carnforth, Lanes. 80, 1-40, or Ser.220 volts. 100 Milli-
To: S.P. DISTRIBUTORS amps, 6,3V, 1.8A, 6,3V, IA Terminal
44 Old Bond St., London, W.I BERNIES0UND (AUDIO ENQINEERS). Tags, Mu-Metal Screened.
Please supply Service Sheets for the Consulting Film /TV. Sound Engineers. Details Size : 3 x 3 x 3f ins.
of services available. From:—Mr. BROWN, 14/6 post paid.
following: 1 Effie Place, London, S.W.6.
Make: A.E.I. Seml-Conductor Rectifiers
Model No.: Radio/TV CONVERT ANY TV SET Into an Oaeilloscope. Type GJ5M, PVI 300 volts. 500 m.a.
Make: Diagrams and Instructions, 12/S. REDMOND, at 2/6 each, post paid.
Model No.: Radio/TV 42 Dean Close, Portslade, Sussex.
Cash with order (no C.O.D.)
Make:
Model No.: Radio/TV FOR SALE JACK PORTER LTD.
I also require the new 1966 list of (Established 1928)
Service Sheets at 1/6 plus postage. TRANSISTORS UNMARKED UNTESTED. 30/31 College Street, Worcester
(please delete items not applicable) 40 for 10/-, P. &. P. l/-, 4 packets post free.
I enclose remittance of Relays, thousands of types, special catalogue
which indudei postage free. General Catalogue of Mechanical A: ADHESIVE STRIP LABELS, f embossed
Electrical Gear, Tools, etc., 5,000 items, free. Glossy, P.V.C. various colours, lid. letter.
MAIL ORDERS ONLY FE K. R. WHISTON (Dept. PET), New Mlila, C.W.O. and S.A.B. to; —Mr. BROWN, 1 Effle
Stookport. Place, London, S.W.8.
530
 FOR SALE PUBLIC APPOINTMENTS SITUATIONS VACANT (conoWJ
(continued)
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. LONDON AND RADIO TECHNICIANS
VALVES & SERVICE SHEETS BATH, requires TECHNICIANS for collection
T.V. & RADIO, MOST MAKES and evaluation of data relating to a wide field A number of suitably qualified
PRICE 4/6 •aeh & 66. postage of electrical or mechanical engineering subjects candidates will be required for iraintng,
Valve pries Hit sent on receipt of stamped with a view to preparation of Standards and
envelope. Valves guaranteed new & boxed. the elimination of unnecessary variety. leading lo permanent and pensionable
T.V. ELECTRONICS QUALIFICATIONS: Recognised apprentice- employment, [Normally at Cheltenham but
MARKETING HOUSE ship in electrical or mechanical engineering; with opportunities for service abroad or
361 EDGWARE ROAD good general experience of engineering prac-
tONDOM, W.I tices and manufacturing processes; capable appointment to other U.K. establishments
Mall Order Only of clear and concise expression in corres- including London).
pondence and preparation of technical reports;
knowledge of service stores and experience Applicants must be 19 or over and be
VENNER TIME SWITCHES. RecondlMoned, In preparation of spares schedules an advan- familiar with the use of Test Gear and
14 day clock, once on once off every 24 hours. tage; O.M.C. or equivalent. SALARY:
Jewelled movement, fully guaranteed, 15 amp. £1129-£I288 p.a. (all salaries now under have had Radio/Electronic workshop
37/6. P. <fe P. 2/6. A. R. BATCHBLOE, review), with additions for staff working in experience. They must offer at least "O"
(E.M. Dept.) 4 Park Road, Bromley. Kent. London; 6-day week, 3 weeks 8 days annual level GCE passes in English Language,
leave; Public and privilege holidays in
addition; promotion prospects for posts Maths and/or Physics, or hold the City
carrying salaries up to £1965. Opportunities and Guilds Telecommunications Technician
auALiyr a.f. transistor ampli- for pensionable appointments. APPLICA- Intermediate Certificate or equivalent
fiers TION: Form from The Manager (PE2433),
Player*,byRadio,
Newmarket, aultable for
Tape Recorders, Record
Intercom Mlnlstry of Labour, Professional and Execu- technical qualifications.
or with Microphones, etc, tive Register, Atlantic House, Farrlngdon St.,
9v Supply. GUARANTEED PERFORMANCE. London E.G.4. Pay according to age, e.g. at 19 £747,
Power Input Sesponte Xopol/Oalpot at 25 £962 (highest age pay on entry)
Semitirlty Impedance rising by four annual increments to £1,104.
4(KhnW 2mV S(H)c/8— IK/IB otms SITUATIONS VACANT
12Ko/8
400niW SOOinV 200c/»— 2aOK/15 ohms58/S Prospects of promotion to grades in
salary range £1,032—£1,691. There are a
I2Kc/8 Kit
1 watt 8mV 60c/8— few posts carrying higher salaries.
lBKo/» I.5K/8 ohms 89/3 A FULL TIME TECHNICAL EXPERIENCED
SALESMAN requited for Retail sales. Write
3(12v
watteupply) 6mV 60c/.— 1.6K/3 ohm. Annuol Leave allowance of 3 weeks
ISKo/s ■ 106/- giving full details of age, previous experience,
and salary required to; The Manager, 3 days, rising to 4 weeks 2 days.
Plna other, to milt various requirementa. HENRY'S RADIO LTD., 303 Edgware Road,
Power Supplle.: ST 160m/A — 37/8 London, W.2. Normal Civil Service sick leave regulations
ISV S00m/A — 88/-
TraosUtor Boost Ampltfler for T.V. Increaeee .Iffnal apply.
26 times (State Cbannela) ia - IS - 0
Add l/e<J. P.&P, For details 8.A,B. RADIO & RADAR ENGINEERS required to Apply
P. CURTIS
69 Christmasple Ave,, Normandy. Surrey service and operate various equipments (includ- Retruilment Officer (RT/54)
ing airborne radio and radar) at an airfield on
the coasi; near Barmouth, North Wales. Ex Government Communications Headquarters
R.A.F. or Naval Personnel Ideally suited for Oakley
EDUCATIONAL these vacancies. Apply SHORT BROTHERS Prtors Road
& HARLAND, Llanbedr, Merioneth.
CHELTENHAM, Glos.
B.8c.(EN8.), A.M.I.Mtch.E., A.M.I.E.R.E. City
& t.uilds, etc., on "Satisfaction or Refund of
Fee" terica. Wide range of expert Home TECHNICAL TRAINING by
Study Courses In Electronics, Computers,
Radio, T.V., etc. 156-page Guide—FREE.
Please state subject of Interest. BRITISH IN RADIO, TELEVISION AND
ISTSTITDTB OP ENGIVBERIKG TECH-
JfOLOGY, 124k College House. Wright's Lane, ICS
London, W.8.
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Full-time courses In RADAR and RADIO- WssSfAL? • --
TELEGRAPHY lor prospective marine Radio LZ VVt™
easily, • r thje ke-ambit
the specialized-training 'ous man to
so essential thesuccess.
opportunity to acquire,
Diploma coursesquickly and
In Radio/
Officers. Govt. approved exam, centre.
TV Engineering and Servicing, Electronics, Computers, etc. Expert coaching for:
Also courses In basic ELEGTRONICS, RADIO,
TELEVISION and COMPUTERS. * CNA^TmJ.,?^2Lf.L^S7.Ri?J?,C AND RADIO ENGINEERS
. C. t g! s5FEpCL?^EMNUT!i^A^.I|CHNICIANS' CERTS-
Apply:—Director. British School ol Tilegraphy, CERT,F,CATE
20 Ptnywern Road, Earls Court, London, S.W.5 "Ab'Vo- -
P.H.G. CERTIFICATES IN RADIOTELEGRAPHY.
Examination Students Coached until Successful.
STUDY RADIO, TELEVISION AND ELEC- NEW SELF-BUILD RADIO COURSES,
TRONICS with the world's largest home 5 V ,Ve receive r
study organisation. l.E.R.E., City <fe Guilds, ' i expert "tuition.
test meter—all under ' transistor portable, signal generator and multi-
R.T.E.B,, etc. Also Practical Courses with
equipment. All books supplied. Write for TH IS C >UF 0N T
p I. i ^ of, , PP AY an<1 find out how
1 C S can help YOU in your
FREE Prospectus stating subject to l.C.8.
(Dept. 577), Intortext House, Parkgatc Road, s*nf to
sent tn you by
L return ' S courses in Radio, Television and Electronics will be
* mail.
London, S.W.ll. ' MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF BRITISH CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGES.

HOME STUDY COURSES In Practical Elec I International Corretpondence Schools ]

tronics. Free Brochure without oblieatlon INTERNATIONAL | (Dept. 152), Intertext House, Parkgato Road,
from; BRITISH KATIONAL RADIO I London, S.W.I 1.
SCHOOL, Reading, Berks. CORRESPONDENCE NAME
Block Capitals Please
SCHOOLS
A.M.I.Meoh.E., A.M.I.E.R.E. City & Guilds, ADDRESS
G.C.E., etc. Become a Technician or Techuo-
logtst for high pay and security. Thousands
of passes. For details of Exams, and Courses A WHOLE WORLD
:n all branches of Engineering, Building,
Electronics, etc., write for 156-page handbook OF KNOWLEDGE I 7.66
—FREE. B.I.E.T. (Dept. I25k), London, W.8. AWAITS YOU I L.

531
 SITUATIONS VACANT (continued) RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS
(continued)

SPECIAL OFFER
A CAREER IN AUTOMATION
I Watt S.T.C. 300 MC/S N.P.N.
Silicon Planer. 100% Transistors.
Limited Stocks. £1 for 6.
junior electrical 3/- each. OC44, OC45. OC70.
OC7I, OC8I, OC8ID, OC200,
testers Gee 16, Get 20.
4/- each. AF114, AFI15, AFI16,
There are stilf a few vacancies in our Test Department for techrjically AFI17, OCI70, OCI7I.
minded boys and young men.
These openings form first-class introductions to the growing field of 5/- each. OCI39. OC140. Get
automatic electrical control. The work demands an enquiring and 7, Get 8, Get 9, XCI4I, BY 100,
methodical mind—reliability, accuracy and enthusiasm are most OA2II.
important.
Those appointed will be encouraged to study for recognised SUN SOLAR CELL KITS
qualifications and a paid day-release scheme to Technical College is 24 Page Booklet on Experiments
in operation. Working conditions in an entirely new building are
excellent and there are ample opportunities for advancement—many Inc. 4 Solar Celts II/- Set.
of our senior executives entered the Company through the Test
Department. G.P.O. DIAL TELEPHONES
20/- each. 35/- pair. •
Send 6d. for full lists: inc. S.C.R.
experienced senior Zeners.
C u rs o n s
test engineers
78 Broad Street
Canterbury
Experienced men are also required for the Final Inspection
Department. Applicants should possess a minimum of O.N.C, or Kent
equivalent and have practical experience of testing and adjusting
automatic electrical cdntro) equipment.
Apply with full details of education or experience to: R. &R. RADIO & TV SERVICE
Mr. G. W. Hanson, Dept. P.E.
Head of Test Department, 44 Market Street, BACUP, Tel. 465
LONDEX LTD. NEW VALVES I
42 Croydon Road, 6K8. <V6,6R7 4/M. 6K7.6F6.6B8G 3/-.
London, S,E.20 SALVAGE VALVES
Telephone; SYDenham 6258 6F13 4/6 PCF80 41-
6FIS Si- PCL93 Sh
6LI8 ll* PL8I Sl-
6K25 10/- PL82 41-
A Member of the Elliott -Automation Group 6U4GT 5/- PL83 41-
m 6BW6 5/- PYBt J/6
6/30 L2 »/- PZ30 5/-
EB9I 1/- U80I 7/6
6FI 2/6 U30I *1-
RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS EBF80 Si- U329 Sh
EF80 ll* I0FI 1/-
EF9I 2/6 I0LDII 5/~
(continued) EF85 5/- I0PI3 S/6
SEMICONDUCTORS. Close equivalents: eccsi 4/- I0PI4 s/-
OC35,«/»: OC72, 2.'-; 00170,2/8; 0C41, 2/.; EYB6 41- PY800 Sh
0C71,1/9; BV100, ♦.'3; OA70, 8d. P. & P. 9d, ECUB0
20P3
41-
5/-
20Fa SI*
A. P. WISE, 19 Harbeck Rd., Bournemouth, COMPONENTS POSTAL SERVICE 20Dt V-
Hants. aop4 T/« 20PI 6/6
ie SWITCH KIT—Includes quality 2 and 8 30FS 5/- 20PS 6/6
button Puih-butcon Switches, Rotary Switch 30PL) 5/- 30FLI 6/6
and Control Knobs 13/6 EF37A 7/6
2N2926 NEW SILICON PRODUCTS * SLIDER SWITCHES—Professional grade 30PI2 5/-
1N2926 0fi 55-110
150-300@@4/3
4/9 88235
90-180
470 @@ 4/6
5/6 D.P.D.T. Special silver contacts, 2 off... 5/9 PL36
PY33
71*
71*
30P4
PY32
7/6
2N3900 3 250-500 200mW VcBo IBv. @ II/- * RESISTORS—5% */-
2N 3390 B 400-800 200mW VcSo 25v. ®
2N3663
10/- 75 Q to IM Q (I watt):Hi-Stab Carbon
10 off, one Film
preferred PCC84 41- PY82 SI-
S.C.R.fl C22D
1200 Me/»
400 200 mW7.4VcBo
P.I.V. ampt30v. @ 14/-
® 35/- value 4/- Postage on Valves 6d.—3 or more post free.
U.j.T. 2N2646 to trigior
MILLS ELECTRONICS S.C.R C22D @ 13/6 * CAPACITORS—Polyester Foil: J60 VDC/ 1 Pole 8-way switch, complete with 8 resistors 2
I Ullawatar Road, Lovantock Oraan 100
33 VAC.
pF to @ IK, 2 @ 15K, one each of 22K, I5K, 18K,
Haittal HampsCaad. Hartfordthira
C.W.O. Poit Freo SA.E Liit Mail Order Only .15/aF to .IfiFJ
.47nF: off,
off, one
one preferred value 3/6
preferred value 5/- 6.8K. 3/6 inch post.
Fireball Tuners as removed 14/9. Selected
* ASSORTED RESISTORS—Hi-Stab. Tuners 18/9. Speakers ex T.V.6 X 4 inch 3/6.
300 off (5% or better) 10/- 8 inch rod 6/-. Resistors New: i watt 3id.t
COMPONENTS BONANZA! Parts to suit many (P. A P. 1/6 per order, C.W.O.) 1 watt 5d., 2 watt 9d. all 10%.
projects! BuQd an Electronic Dldgeridoo I ELMBRIDGE INSTRUMENTS LTD. Postage on Tuners and Speakers 2/6.
Workshop clearance, many bargains; also new 26 Ganghill, Guildford, Surrey S.A.E. with all enquiries. All goods subject to
stocks available. List 1/-. A. J. BASSET! satisfaction or money refunded.
28 Park Bond, Chorley, Bancs.
532
A,
 RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS
RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS
fccnfiimccty fconfinuedj fconlinuedj

COIWPONEMn, VALVES, TRANISJT0M, tte.

NEW—BIGGER—BETTER Call or Hfind <W. for list. 1100EKH, SI Nelson SILICON BECTIFIERI. 50 Piv, l-o A, J 84;
Street, Houthport. 100 Plv. 8 A, 4,84; 400 1'lv. 0'73 A, 2,64;
" EXPERIMENTAL" Zener Diodes, 12 v 5 per cent. Iw. 3 64. 6d-
post on orders under 10/-. J. COOPER, Out-
well, Wiobecli, Cambs.
PRINTED CIRCUIT KIT TRANSISTORS AND COMPONENTS
(1) 2t Copper Laminate Boards 4* X 21 . OC7t. OC72, OC44. OC4S,
(2)
(3) I Board for
Board for Matchbox
Wrist-WatchRadio.
Radio, etc. 31-. OC83~6/-. P.P. 4d. Any OC8I.
quantity,OCBID—
AFII6, HIGHEST QUALITY —LOWEST£COST
NEW SEMICONDUCTORS
(4) Resist. (S> Etchant. (6) Resist Solvent. AFI17—3/6. AFII4. AFII5—4/-.
OC26—7/6. AFT 19—7/6. OC169—3/-. BY100—5/-.
AC(27
(7) Cleanser/Degreaaer. (8) IE-page booklet —2/6. AFH9—3/- 55 to 110. 4/-, 0 235 to 470, 5/J,
"PRINTED CIRCUITS FOR AMATEURS" I-GET 118 + 2-GET AFII 19.18—3/-.
I watt OCt72—3/-.
output—6/6 2N3390. B/9, 2N3403. 7 6, IN3663, I3J.. C407.
8/6, 2NI304. 4 3,750mA
2N1305,top4hat
3. rectifier
ASYS0, 41.9.
containing fult otchinf instruotions. set of three. IN 1763 400V PIV 3'
(9) 2 Miniatoro Radio Dials SW/MW/LW MULLARD GET TRANSISTORS 40267 200V PIV SOOmA top hit rectifier J-.
H«aC
9d. For all specifications and new priceat fist,
sink for IN 1763 or^0267 operation 2A,
also
Plans free with each kit. <,I0) Circu.ts and 1 GET 674 ■« OC44 "I «, c,
of easy-to-build transistorised 2I OC44
GET 873+ 2- OC45 / 01 per
OC4S Matched See—8/- - per Set. send S.A.E.
ELECTROVALUE
30 SUGGESTED PROJECTS AC 126—8/-. A$Y28—8/6. Afl86 cut ofcutFREQ 6 MANSFIELD PLACE, ASCOT. BERKS.
which you tan made
botld with your 800 Mc/s—27/6 each. Texas GM290 of
on
Photographs. Manyfrom
a chassis thisown
recently kit. components
Drawings.
developed very FREQ 700 Mc/s—19/6 each.
efficient designs you probably haven t heard ot TEXAS TRANSISTORS
yet. (I) Crystal set with biased detector. (2) 2NI302 = ASY2B—6/6 each'.
Crystal set with
set voltage-ouadruplor detector. 2G302
(3) Crystal
(4) Crystal tuner with
withdynamic loudspeaker.
audio amplifier. tSJ 2G30I = = GETB72—7/6
GET 873—6/6each. each.
Carrier Power Conversion Receiver. <o) Split- 2S30I
2C374 Audio—3/-
= OC75—2/4 each.each.
Load Neutralised Double Roflex. W Matchbox
or Photocell Radio. <B) TRlFLEXON MAT TRANSISTORS
Triple Reflex with scH-adiostmg regeneration
(Patent Pending). (9) Solar Battery Loud-
tpeiker Radio. MAT 100—7/9
3 SUBMINIATUHE RADIO RECEIVERS HAT 101—8/6
MAT 121—8/6
120—7/9 VdUsb
The
Homesmallest 3 designt
Constructor yet offered
anywhere to the
in the World.
MAT m&ohtneyouwill put your
win at theXnext
between
move. the twoIf you
Even O's do,
the
Based ACOS RECORD PLAYER CARTRIDGE the machine puts the next O In the centre equate,
know ifonyoutheknow " Triflexon"
of a smallercircuit..
designLotpub-
us
Replacement for Collaro. Garrard, B.S.R.. etc. wbtch not onlywin
the etopa you
thewinning, botalao
Tryguarantees
lished anywhere. (10) Postage-Stamp
Size only l'61- x -95" X -25'. (I I) Wrist.watch Radio. —12/6 each. Fullmachine's
circuit, wilingatdiagramnextandmove. It and
ioetruetlont for eee.
our
Radio. MS- x •00' X SS". (12) Ring-Radio. nnbeatable N'oughts and Crowes Machine, 8/6d.
•70' SILICON RECTIFIERS A DIODES post free.
Radio.x Runs
-70" onX -55',
sugar (13) Bacteria-powered
or bread, (14) Radio "BYZI5. P.I.V. 200 at 40 Amps. Brand New— Wiiewouod Eeililors 1 Walt 1%, 10 'o 6k Q,
8/3; to 20knSpecial
4/9. f- add 3d. foryour value wound
fier. (16) Intercom. (17) I-valve P/P
Control Receiver. (IS) Transistor ampli-
amplifier. 0.17.0 each.
100 P.I.V. ID Ampseach,
(same to order. quotation quantiUee, low
(18) Reliable Burglar Alarm. (19) Light-Seeking each. OA6I—1/6 plussize
-4d. atpost.
BYZI3)—S/-
OA90— value resletors down to 0.10, multi-tapped
versal shunts, etc. SAE farther details. uni-
Animal- Guided Missile. (20) -Perpetual 1/6 each, plot 4d. pott. OA 10—2/6 each,M/w—
plot 1%
Motion" Machine,(22)Atmospheric
Metal Detector. Engine.Tester.
Simple Transistor (21) 4d. pott. Milliard OA2207, 9.1 volt, 260
10/6. ORPI2—7/9 each. ORP60—7/9 each. plusHigh Stability
speotal Beeiston
multimeter 8/-. S.A.E.
valves, Full etaodard range
stock llet.
(23) HumanMan/Woman
Body Radiation Detector.Thermal
(24) PI.A.NET INSTRUMENT CO.
Electronic Discriminator, S.A.E. all enquiries. 2£<E) DOBDIIOX AVE.. LEEDS 7
Proximity Fuse. (2S) Pocket Signal Injector. Ail Above Post Paid •.
(26) Pocket Transceiver (Licence Required). Mail Order Only:
(27) Constant volume Intercom. (28) Remote
Control of Models by Induction. (29) Induetivo
Loop Transmitter. (30)
amplifying "Quamp-o Q - J. ROBINSON
loudspeaker8-cransistor
operation. sensitive receiver for {Radio A T,V.) SILICON TRANSISTORS
P.C. Kit Price 8/6. Post and Pack 1 /6. 4 Highcliffe Road. Blackley, Mancheetar » NPN PLANAR EPITAXIAL
Extra Laminate Board available. 2N3707 (TI4I5) Super low-noise high-
STOP PRESS! gain input transistor for a.f. amplifiers.
BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS Will work down to IOuA or less. Noise
PHOTOELECTRIC factor (lOc/s—15kc/s) less than 2dB. Beta
SURPLUS HANDBOOKS 100-500 at lo =■ 0-lmA. 7/- each.
19 tat Circuit and Notes ... ... 3/6 P.P. 6d 2N3704 (TI4I2) Small power planar for
1ISS instruction Handbook ... 4/6 P.P. fid audio amplifiers, switching, and radio
PRINTED CIRCUIT KIT H.R.O. Instruction Handbook ... 3/6 P.P. 6d transmitters. Pcma* •=• 360mW. High
38 tat
tatWalkie-talkie
Ifistructioh Handbook ... 3/6
3/6 P.P.
P.P. 6d
64 fain (S = 100-300 at 50mA). high cut-off
Build 10 EXCITING 46 circuit A notes tOOMc/s minimum), high peak current
88 tet Walkie-talkie Instruction (800mA). high voltage (VcBoma* = S0V)
PHOTOELECTRIC HandbookMeter BC22I Instruc-
Frequency ... S/-P.P. 6d 7/- each.
tion Handbook 2N2926 All-purpose low-cost planar. 18V.
DEVICES Wavemetar Class O Handbook3/6 P.P. 6d 200Me/s. Price according to 0 (at 2mA).
on a Printed Circuit Chassis. Basic Kit: 39/6,
Mk. I. II. II)
18 tat Circuit DetailsManual
3/6 P.P. 6d
& Notes ...15/-3/6P.P.
P.P.I/6d
6d ■4/6 (55-110) 4/9 (90-180) 5/- (150-300) 6/-
Post and Boards
Pack. 2/6. A.R.68D Instruction (235-470).
Laminate and allContents:
chemicals2 required.
Copper R.ID7 Instruction Handbook ... 5/- P.P. 6d
CR.I00/B.28 Receiver
GERMANIUM R.F. TRANSISTORS
Etching Manual. Latching Relay and Bracket.
Infra-red sensitive Photocell Rl 116/A Circuit DiagramHandbook
& Details 8/6 P.P. 6d
1/9 P.P. 9d (PNP) GET883 equiv. 5 for 5/-, GET693
gain Transistors. Resistors,andcond.
Hood.Terminal
2 high- R1224/A Circuit
RI355 Circuit DiagramA Details...
Diagram & Details 1/6 P.P. 6d
1/6 P.P. fid
3 for 5/-.
SUBMINIATURE SKELETON
Block. Elegant Plastic Case.
and Circuits of easy-to-bul Id Essential
. Data RF, 24, 25, 26 Circuit Diagrams POTS (Egen Type 467) | inch dia. SOOQ,
10 PHOTOELECTRIC PROJECTS and Details
Amplifier AIIJ4 Circuit Diagram 1/6 each P.P. 6d I SK, SK. ISK. 50K, 150K. 500K, l-SM.
(1) Simple Photo-switch. (2) Modulated A Details Linear. Any three for 5/-. Above 3. 1/6
Light Alarm. (3) Long-Range Stray-Light Transmitter TIIS4 Circuit1/9 P.P. 6d each.
Alarm. (4) Relay-less Alarm. (SJ Warbling Diagram A Details (all models) ... 2/- P.P. fid All goods are first grade. Postpaid.
Tone Electronic Alarm. (6) Closed-Loop Resistor Colour Code Indicators. C.W.O, Mail order only.
Alarm.
Electronic(7) Projector
Projector Modulator.
Lamp Stabiliser. <6)
(9) Mains Indicates the value of a resistor
Power Supply Unit. (10) Car Parking Light at a glance 1/6 P.P. fid AMATRONIX LTD.
Controller. Basic Kit enables you to build a All mail orders to: 396 SELSD0N RD., CR0YD0N. SURREY
simple Photo-switch/Burglar Alarm (No. I). Instructional Handbook Supplies
Extra parts required for more advanced designs Dept. P.E. Talbot House, 28 Talbol Gardens
obtainable separately. Roundhay. Leeds) 8
Our customers write: — "PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS" —
"Very interesting designs" . . . Worth it for CONSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNS
the circuits alone
Reallypublication . . .forThanks
wonderfulofvalue money for
... the Kit.
I found
your incense interest... Please mention AH specified 1st grade Components, complete
Metalwork, full range of Materials, engraved
Panel Plates, Ancillary Equipment and Assem-
PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS bled Units. Cemprehensiye lists ovcilable for each
" P.E." Constructional
Pleasa send 60. inArticle.
stomps for each design
"YORK ELECTRICS"
181s, York Road, London, S.W.11 when replying to MALVYN ENGINEERING WORKS
Envineeri lo the Radio and Sleetronic Jndiulria
Send S.A.E. for details and photographs Advertisements 7 CURR1E STREET, HERTFORD, HERTS
rRCRPXOffS ; USRTFORD 2264 __
533
 HIGH GAIN 4 TRANSISTOR QUALITY RECORD PLAYER AMPLIFIER 3-VALVE AUDIO AMPLIFIER
PRINTED CIRCUIT A top-quality record player amplifier. This amplifier MODEL HA34repro-
Typ« TAI KIT
AMRMFIER was used in a 29 gn. record player) employs heavy
duty double wound mains transformer. ECC83. Designed
duction
for Hi-Fi
of records.Ready A.C.
ELB4, EZ80 valves. Separate i Bass, Treble and Mains operation.
• Peak Volume controls. Complete with output trans- built on plated heavy gauge
output
excm in
of former matched for 3 ohm speaker. Size 7in. w. metal ehassls. sizch.7iin. w,
x69/6.
2+in.d.P. xSiin.
A P. 4/9.h. Ready built and tested, PRICE x din. d. x 4iin. Incor-
H watts,
• All stan- ALSO AVAILABLE mounted on board with out- porates ECC83.duty,ELSd,double
E780
put valves, Heavy
dard British
components. into transformer
cabinet below.andPRICE 6in. speaker
89/6. P.ready & P. to5/9.-fit and output transformer matched wound mains transformer
• Built on
printed circuit panel, size 6 x Jin. QUALITY PORTABLE R/P CABINET separate , Bass, Treble and for 3 ohm
volume speaker,
controls.
•• Output
Generoustransformer
size Driver capped
and Output3Transformers, Uncut motor board. Will take above amplifier panel can be detached and leads extendedFront
Negative feedback line. Output 4)- watts.
for
and B.S.R. or GARRARD Autochanger or Single remote mounting of controls.
ohm speakers. • Transistors for (GETohm 114 and
or ISSI Record Player Unit. Site 18 * 14 X 84 in.
PRICE £3/9/6. Carr. 7/6. The HA34 has been specially designed for us and
Milliard OC8IO and matched pair of OCSI alp). our quantity order enables us to offer -CA I! A
• 9 volt operation. • Everything supplied, them complete with forknobs,
wire, battery clips, solder, etc. • Comprchen.
sive easy towith
follow
4-SPEED PLAYER UNIT BARGAINS
All brand new in maker's original packing. etc., wired and tested onlyvalves, P. & P. 6/-.
1/6 (Free Kit).instructions andsold
All parts circuit diagram
separately. B.S.R. TU/12 SINGLE PLAYERS
£3/9/6. Carr. S/6. A.C, Maim 200/150v., 4 watt. ys>KIT.
HSL FOUR' AMPLIFIER
SPECIAL PRICE 45/-. P. & P, 3/-. Also ready GARRARD SP25 De luxe... £12/10/6. Carr.arm.
5/6. ng ECCBJ,
built and tested, 51/6. P. & P. 3/-. A pair of B.S.R. GU7 with unit mounted pickup EL64, EZ80 valves.
TAls are ideal for stereo. £4/18/8. Carr. S/6. ★ Heavy duty
wound mains transformer double-
STEREO AMPLIFIER
Incorporating 2 ECU82s and ) E7B0, heavy duty, Latest a.S.R. AUTO. UA25 Super CHANGERS
slim £6 2 6 with electrostatic screen,
•df Separate Bass. Treble
double wound mains transformer. Output 4 Abso-
watts GARRARD
GARRARD Auto-Slim £5on each.
10 0 and Volume controls, giving
per channel. Full tone and volume controls.
lutely complete. All
andthe aboveAT6
sapphire units£9.10.0,
styli orare
cancomplete with
be supplied
Csrr.c/o6/6
mono
with compatiblehead fully
with variable
minimum booseinsertion
and cue
ONLY stereo head for 12/6 extra. loss. 'jb Heavy negative
feedback high
ensures loop over!outputstages
at
£4.19.6 BRAND NEW CARTRIDGE BARGAIN !
ACOS OP67-I- Mono complete. List price 21/-. excellent ★ Suitable
quality with very
for use with
low distortion
guitar, microphone
factor.
or
P. 4 P. 6/6 Our price 13/6. P. & P. I/.. record player -fc- Provision for remote mounting
Super De- BRAND NEW.production12- ISw. by H/Dwell-known or IS of
Speakers. 3British sizecontrols
onlyir7Jin. or direct on deep.
chassis. Overall
if Chassis
luxe version ohm. Current 4iin. All wide x 4in.
components and valves are height
brand
with ECL86
. valves, sep.
maker. Offered below list price
Guitar models : 25w. £5.5.0 ; 35w.'£a.a,0. at 89/6. P. & P. 5/-. new. ★ Very dear and concise instructions enable
bass & treble controls, full BRAND NEW 3 OHM LOUDSPEAKERS even the inexperienced amateur to construct
feed back. 8 gn«. P. & P.6/6 5 in., ia/6j 6; in., IS/.; 8 in., 2I/.J 10 in.. 15/-; 12 in., with 100% success, ir Supplied complete with
valves, output transformer (3 ohms only), screened
27/6i (12 in. IS ohm, 30/-). 10 in, x 6 in.. 26/-. lead,
HARVERSON'S F.M. TUNER Hk. I E.M.I. 13! x 8 in, with high flux ceramic magnet,
42/-. (IS ohm, 45/-). P. 4 P. 4* & 5* 2/-. 6r 4 B" 2/6, Comprehensive buy.) PRICEnuts,
wire, 79/6.bolts,
P. solder,
& P. 6/-.etc. (No extras to
10* & 12' 3/6 per speaker. circuit diagram, practical layout
• F.M.bytuning and parts list 2/6 (free with kit).
head fam- E.H.I. PLASTIC CONED TWEETER. This kit although similar in appearance to HA34
ous maker. 2i'. 3 ohm. Limited number: 12/6 each, P. & P. 1/6. employs entirely different and advanced circuitry.
• Guaranteed 7-10 watt OUTPUT TRANSFORMERS to 10/14 WATT HI-PI AMPLIFIER KIT
non-drift. • match pair of ECL BB's in push-pull to 3 ohm out-
Permeability put. ONLY 11/.. P. & P. 2/6.
tuning 7-10 watt ULTRA LINEAR OUTPUT Aishedstylishly fin-
quency •cover-Fre- TRANSFORMERS
push-pull to 3 ohm output. to match ONLYpair 15/-.
of ECLP. &82'$ in amplifiermonaural
P. 2/6. with an
age.8B-l OOMc/s
• Balanced MAINS TRANSFORMER for transistor power from 2 EU84s in outputof I 4watts
diode output supplies. Tapped pri 200-250v. See. 40-0-40
amp (with electrostatic screen) and 6-3v. at -5 amp for push-pull. at I Super
• Two I.F. stages
discriminator. and
• Attractive maroon and gold dial dial lamps etc. Drop thro mounting. Stack size 11* reproduction of
(7 x Sin, glass). •Self powered, using a good x 3r x 31' 27/6. P. & P. 4/6. both music and
quality mains transformer and valve rectifier. SMOOTHING CONDENSER speech, with neg-
• Valves used ECC85, two EFBOs, and EZ60 (rec- with above 4000 mfd. 40v. size li" soluble
dia. x 31*forhigh,
use ligible hum. Sep-
tifier) • Folly drilled chassis. • Size of completed
tuner 3/6 P. 1/6.I/., And 2800 mfd. 2Sv; 11'dla. x arate
each.3/-.P. P.& &P. inputs for
mike records
and gram
Set of 8parts
X 6 ifx purchased
SJ-in. • All partstime
at one sold£5/19/6,
separately.
plus 3'high
MATCHED PAIR OF 2! WATT TRANSISTOR
allow and
announcements to follow each other. Fully shrouded
8/6 P.P. and ins. Circuit diagram and instructions DRIVER AND OUTPUT TRANSFORMERS. section wound
1/6 post free. Mark II Version as above but Stack sizeISISohm
x 11output.
x 1 in. Output 3-15(2separate
speakerbass andoutput transformer
2 independent volume tocontrols,
match
complete
£6/12/6. with magic
P. & P. 8/6.eye, front panel and brackets, ohm and 10/- pairtrans,
plustapped
2/. P. (or
& P.3 and and treble controls
giving good lift and cut. Valve line-up 2 EL84s.
are provided
Mark III Version as Mark I£7/7/-,
but withP. output stage ANOTHER SCOOFI FM/AM TUNER HEAD ECC83,
(ECLB2) and tone control, & P, 6/6. Beautifully designed and instructionEF86. bookletand1/6.EZ80 (Free rectifier.
with parts.)Simple All
TAPE DECKS Brecision engineered by parts available
Also sold separately.
ready ONLY
built and £7/9/6.
tested P.complete
& P. 8/6.
B.S.R. 'ormer and Wadsworth
per see., MONARDECK
simple control, uses(Single speed) £6/15/-.
SJin. spools, 3Jin. Ltd. Supplied ready fitted with std. input sockets, £9/5/-, P. & P. 8/6.
Carrying Case for above 28/6, P. 4 P. 7/6.
LATEST COLLARO MAGNAVOX J6J TAPE with
densertwin (or,0005 tuning eon-
AM connection. MINIATURE PRECISION AIR SPACED 1-
DECK
to 7 in. DE LUXE.
spools. ThreePlus
10 gns. speeds,2 track,
7/6 carr. andtakes
ins. up
on Prealigned FM section GANG TUNING CONDENSER. 176 + l76pF.
each. (Tapes extra on both.) covers 86—102 Me/s. I.F. Size l{-w. x5/-.
trimmers. i'd.P.X&l|'h.
P. 1/-,with vanes open. Built in
output 10.7 Hc/s. Complete
ACOS CRYSTAL MIKES. High imp. Fordesk with ECC85 (6L)2)
full circuit diagram of tuner valveand
or hand use. High sensitivity, lfl/6, P. & P. 1/6. head. Another
TSL CRYSTAL STICK MIKE. Listed at 45/-, purchase enablesspecial bulk HARYERS0N SURPLUS CO. LTD.
us to offer
Our price, 18/6. P. & P. US. these at 17/6 each. P. 4 P. 170 HiGH ST., HERTON, S,W.I9. CHErrywood 3985
VYNAIR AND REXINE SPEAKER AND 3/.. Order quickly I
CABINET FABRICS app. yd.
54 in.length
wide. (mm,
UsuallyI 35/- Limited number also avail- Often all day Saturday Early closing Wed., I p.m.
yd., our price l)/6 per yd.) able with precision
3:30/..I reduction drive. geared A few minutes from South Wimbledon Tube Station. (Please write clearly)
P. & P. 2/6, S.A.E. for samples. P. A P. 3/-, OVERSEAS P. 4 P. CHARGED EXTRA. S.A.E. with all enquiries.

WENTWORTH RADIO la Wentworth Court, Alston Road, Barnet, Herts

GENUINE HIGH QUALITY COMPONENTS BAR 3087
GENUINE LOW PRICES RETURN OF POST ORDER AND QUOTE SERVICE
OC44 2/6 OC45 2/6 OC7I 2/6 BARGAIN OF THE MONTH i - iW RESISTORS 100 - 22M 2d.
OC72 2/6 OC77 3/- OC8IO 2/6 AW 10% MINIATURE lOO-JMSd.
OC8I 2/6 OC200 3/3 AC128 3/3 .OC201
CERAMIC CAPACITORS 4d. 30/- 100
API 15 3/6 AFII7 2/6 OCI70 3/- MULLARD BRAND NEW
SILVER MICA I0PF-I000PF 6d.
OC24 10/- OC35 10/- GET853 12/6 10/6 each
MAT100 7/9 P.P. Sd. 2 or more Post Free HI-STABS 1% iW I/-
MATI0I 8/6 MATI20 7/9
MAT12I 8/6 OA95 1/- BY 100 6/- WHITE SPOT 9d. OA9I I/- FULL RANGETRANSISTOR
MINIATURE ELECTROLYTICS,
1/2. MAGNETIC EARPIECES
4 PIN TRANSISTOR SOCKETS 9d. 250MW ZENERS 4/- each WITH PLUG 3/-. CRYSTAL 4/4
MINIATURE POTS. LIN. 5KO, I0K, I0KLOG, 2SK. 50K. tOOK, 250K, 500K, IM, 2M. 2/- each
We welcome emjuiries for all types of components. Lists. S.A.E. Terms, cash with order, P.P. add 9d. for orders under £2

534
 SENSATIONAL HALF PRICE OFFER!
THE FAMOUS
3*. 'Continental' &
RADIOGRAM
AT The TUNCH
tjoti nZm/I
HALF PRICE!
>122 Masni>lc«ni S(«r««ph»nle Radio-
pram Chassis complete with two TO"
elliptical loudspeakers, plus a Mona/Steroo 4-spoad HOLE PUNCHES
automatic record changer. Instant Type
i* diameter 6/10 ea.
Screw-up Type
Only £29-19-6 J|" diameter Toggle switch 8/6
Easily fitted • Luxembourg and Caroline 8/6
received at full strength i" " B7G "I ..
Na soldering or Technical 1' .. B8A, B9A 9/6
knowledge neeessory • Usten to U.S.A., Russia, Africa. ir 10/2 „
Pits almost any cabinet with r 10/8
minimum trouble Canada and oven Australia 11/8
diameter Int. Octal 13/4 „
Modernises your old radiogram • Unique Lewis Radio 365 day '6/2 „
Built-in ferrlte rod aerial guarantee, even en ail the valves 18/10
89G 21/8 ..
Piano key switching • All British moke 24/4 „
SPECIAL terms available of £7.10,0 deposit followed by 18 monthly Meter 33/2 ,,
payments of £1.9.1 (total H.P. £33.13.6) + postage & packing 15/- extra. Complete Set £9.3.6.
No extra charge for postage and pocking in the U.K.
INDIVIDUAL CABINETS SUPPLIED ON REQUEST Now supplied by:
Send your cheque or P.O. today for £8.5.0 while Stocks last to Def>t. PE76
TOMPKINS & LONGMAN LTD.
LEWIS RADIO. 100.CHASE SIDE, SOOTHGATE 237 GIPSY ROAD
LEWIS LONDON, N.I4. Telephone: PAL 3733/9666 WEST NORWOOD, S.E.27.
Tel.: Gipsy Hill S000

CRESCENT RADIO LTD.

TRANSISTOR 40 MAYES ROAD
WOOD GREEN, N.22
POCKET BOOK BOWES PARK 3206
R. G. Hibberd, B.Sc., LONDON'S ELECTRONIC CENTRE
M.t.E.E., Sen.M.I.E.E.E. BEST QUALITY—KEEN PRICES
A comprehensive guide to H.r v.TRANSISTOR
EG 1004 4 Trans.AMPLIFIERS
PusK-Pull t Watt
Harrow. EG2004 4 Trans. 250M/W £1.16.0 £3.14.6
the characteristics and use of Eagle. EG304 4 Tnms.
the various types of transistor Sinclair. ZI2 123 Wan
Watt £3,13,1
£4. «.6
now available. The manu- .. X10 10 Watt £6.19.6
.... X20 20 Watt £9,19.6
facture of the various types TRANSISTORModel TELEPHONE
300 £3.0.0 AMPLIFIER
of transistor, up to and in- TRANSISTOR Harrow.INTERCOM
HP2S £3.19.6{Baby Alarm)
cluding the latest epitaxial TRANSISTOR
Peerless. WT.300A Range TRANS/CEIVER
Third of Mite £7,19.6
planar, field of effect and These cannot be operated in U.K-
metal-oxide silicon transis- TRANSISTOR MAINS UNITS
PP9 Type 33/6
PMTypo 17/6
tors, is described in detail in TRANSISTOR EARFitted
PIECES
order to make dear the Crystal and Magnetic Types 2.S or 3.S
SOME MORE EXAMPLES Plugs 3/9.FROM OUR LARGE
imm different characteristics of SELECTION
cm. each. Includes notes on the OC8ID 3/6 OF TRANSISTORS
OC78 5/6
use and handling of transis- OCet
OC44 4/6 4/6 OCI70
OCI71 1/6
OC45 4/. AFI17 4/6 5/6
tors, and chapters on solid OC76 4/- CARTRIDGES
OC26 ..11/6
slate circuit techniques and, . PICK-UP
Special Line Complete with UP and Std.
recent developments, _Other
. types In stock—BSR..
Stylus B/6ACOS, COLLARO
from 17/6
2-f'x S'. About 280 pages, HULTI-METERS
CABY. Ml
about 200 line diagrams and AI0 £4.) £3.14.0
1.6
photographs. 25s. NH200 £5.11.6
B40 £6. 3A
TMK 500^ £9.17,6
We have large itoekg of Electronic Components
From your Bookseller, or in case of difficulty, 27s. from in stockbe and feel that a visit to our promises
would 1 tor your advantage.
GEORGE NEWNES LTD. , SOUTHAMPTON STREET, W.C.2 Mullard, /• f? « Catalogue
Newmarket, showing
Texas, Maidsour stocks of
Transiitors.
and vast component stock.
Please Include postage with orders.

535
 MARCONI CRYSTAL CALIBRA- BUILD THIS 37mcs
TOR No. 5 HKII I Mc/i precision REMOTE CONTROL TRANSMITTER HEW RANGE U1F. AERIALS FOR
crystal calibrator complete with spares
an<J handbook. Brand new in transit
case. £7.10.0. Carr. 10/-. a.0,c£r,s E8.10.0 BBC 2 (625) line transmissions
HEADPHONES German made with All
cushioned ear pads.. S and 2000 ohm
versions. 27/-. P.P. 2/-. 1 watf output. Crystal control. andU.H.F.
4 elementaailals now fitted with tutlng bracket
gild reflectors,
VALVE HOLDERS toft
11 element. 4216. 14Arrays,
Mounting 7 elemeDt.
element, 50/-. 35/-.
18 element,
B7A Paxoiin. 2/-per dozen. P.P. I/-. miles ground range. 57/6. Wall Mounting with cranked Arm,
I/Octal Low-loss ceramic. II for 10/-. Printed Circuit 7 element. 60/-. 11 element, 67/-. 14 element.
P.P. I/-. v 75/-.
2in, 18 element.
clamp. 82/6. 42/6;
7 element, Mast Mounting with
UX4 Low-loss ceramic. < for f/-
P.P. I/-. AD transistor. 14 element, 62/-; 18 element, 1170/-.
element, 55/-;
Chimney
PHOTO MULTIPLIERS 10/-each. Tone modulated. Mounting Arrays, Complete, 7, element,
CAPACITORS Parcel of 100 well assor- 72/6;
95-. 11Complete
element,assembly
80/-i 14 element, 87/6;and
instructions 18 hints
element,
on
ted silver micas, ceramics, papers, elee- Type 200/PE installation with every unit. JLow Loss Cable,
trolytics, air spaced variables, etc. 10/-, 1/6 yd. U.li.F Pre-amps, from 75-/.
clearly channel number required on all orders. State
P.P. l/6d. __ . _. 325/7 Fore Street
POTENTIOMETERS S kilohm linear, TELE RADIO London, N.9
I0OK lin, 150K lin, 250K lin. S00K log.
I Megohm lin, IM fog, 2M lin, 2M log. •Radio Control Specialists BBC • I TV • F.M. AERIALS
I/- each. P.P. fid.
With double pole switch 500K log, BBC (Band 1). Telescopic
500K tin, IM log, I BM log. 2/- each. loft.1 21/-. External S/D, 30/-.
P.P. 6d. BATTERY ELIMINATORS ■'H* , £2.10.0.
With single pole switch 50K lin. 2/- The Ideal way of running your TRANSISTOR rrv (Band
anay, 25-/. 3).5 element.
3 element35/-.
loft
each. P.P. 6d. RADIO, RECORD PLAYER. TAPE RECORDER, Wall mounting, 3 element, 35/-.
Pre-set potentiometers 50K lin, 250K AMPLIFIER, etc.39/6 Types
lin. 300K lin. BOOK lin. IM lin. 2M lin, (ilntlo output) each. available: 9v! 6v: 4|v
P. & P. 2/9. S element, 45/-.
Comblnctl BBC/ITV. Loft
I/-each. P.P. 6d. 9v + 9v: 6v + «*! or 4Jy + 41 v (two separate 1+3. 41/3;1+3,1+5
AMATEUR RADIO CALLBOOK outputs)required.
output 42/6 each. AMP. &theP. 2/9.
»bov©Please
unit*state
arc mounting 56/3;48/9; Wall
1+5,63/9;
(1966 Ed.) Directory of amateur radio completely isolated from mains by double Chimney 1+3,63/9! 1+5, 71/S.
stations in UK and Ireland. 4/6d. post wound transformer ensuring 100% safety, VHP transistor pre-amps 75/-.
paid. R.C.S. PRODUCTS (RADIO) LTD.
A GUIDE TO AMATEUR RADIO (Dept. P.E.), II Oliver Road, London, E.I7 F.M. (Band 2). Loft S/D, 12/6,available.
''H", 30/-, 3
5/Pd. post paid. element,
cable, 8d. 52/6. External
yd. Co-ax plugs,units
t/3. Outlet boxes,Co-ax
4/6.
RADIO AMATEURS' EXAMINA- Dlplexer Crossover Boxes. 12 6. C.W.O. or C.O-D.
TION MANUAM/fd. po»« P.& P. 4/6. Send fid. stamps for illustrated lists.
COMMUNICATIONS eaUIPMeNT PLEASE MENTION Quotations foron special arrays available
A farge selection of communications receivers, request
test equipment, etc. always m stock.
Practical Electronics K.V.A. ELECTRONICS (Dept. p.e.)
BRIAN J. AYRES & CO. 27 Central Parade, New Addington
Dapt. DZ, 8 Hartfieid Road Surrey
Wtmbledon, London, S.W.I9 WHEN REPLYING TO
Telephone) Wimbledon 0083 LOD 2268
ADVERTISEMENTS

PARKERS SHEET
FOR HI-FI METAL FOLDING
m h rt i n
AND F.M. MACHINES
OUULxAJLo+^iJbc* HEAVY VICE
' <R
MODELS
With Bmfllad Former Bore Carr
No, I. Capacity 18 gauge mild stael x 36in. wide £11.10.0
No. 2. Capacity 18 gauge mild ite«l x 24rn. wide £6,15.0
No. 3. Capacity 16 gauge mild xteel x I Sin. wide £6.15.0
Also new bench models. Capacities 48m. x 18 gauge £38. 36in. x 18 gauge
£23. 24in. x 16 gauge £23. Carriage free.
End folding attachments for radio chassis. Tray and Box making for 36m.
model, S/6 per ft. Other models 3/6. The two smaller models will form
flanges. As supplied to Government Departments, Universities, Hospitals.
One ytor't gooronlee. Money refunded if not soeisfed. Send for dtlailt.
A. B. PARKER. Whealcrolt Work*. Wellington SL, Bailey, Yerks. Tel. 34S«

MARTIN desifined
AUDIOKITS«crie» compriia »n in- yr£#KA^ 50 PR0FESSt0NAL

genrously or^ luUy-tr»iv

sistorised units by means of which you can S£IF- SP^Ki moZI T™.
20 WATT INTEGRATED simple build upmonoa hi-fiamplifier
assemblysystem
starting
and with
addinga
STEREO to it to makefora well
installation, fullyunder
integrated 20-wact
£30, This can bestereo
used GET THIS AIR DRYING HAMMER FINISH
with low output as we 11 as crystal pick-ups, radio,is YUKAN Aerosol spraykit contains 16 ozs. fine
ADD-ON UNIT SYSTEM tape-heads, microphones, etc. Building
pleasantly easy. Quality is outstanding. Now quality durable easy instant spray. No stove baking
NOW! I
units for making an FM Tuner are available for required. Available in Grey, Blue, Gold, Bronze at
F.M. TUNER adding to Audiokit assembl ies or usingseparately. )4/ll at our counter or IS/I I, carriage paid, per
THE EASY WAY TO BUILD AND SAVE pushbutton self-spray can. SPECIAL OFFER : I can
plus optional transferable snap-on trigger handle
Leaflet on request. ("mahtin electronics LTD. I (value 5/-) for 18/11 carriage paid.
From good stockists |1. Martin
154-155Leaflet
HIGHST.,BRENTFORD.MIDOXl
on Audio kits □ . Choice of 13 self-spray plain colours and primer (motor car quality)
everywhere. FM Tuner □, please. also available
Martin Electronics Ltd j ADDRESSNAME -
j
Please enclose cheque or P.O. for total amount to:
IS4-IB5 High 8L, Brentford, YUKAN • DEPT. PE/7 * 307B EOQWARE ROAD • LONDON - W.2
MMdtaex. /SLeworth II6J/2 I

536
 VALUABLE NEW HANDBOOK

IB AMBITIOUS

ENGINEERS
Have you had your copy of " Engineering Opportunities " ?
The new edition of "ENGINEERING OPPOR-
TUNITIES" is now available—without charge— THIS BOOK TELLS YOU
to all who arc anxious for a worthwhile post in •fg HOW to get a better paid, more interejf-
Engineering. Frank, informative and completely ing job.
up to date, the new "ENGINEERING OPPOR- "R HOW to qualify far rapid promotion.
TUNTTIES" should be in the hands of every •R HOW to put some letters after your name
and become a key mon . . . quickly and :
person engaged in any branch of the Engineering easily.
industry, irrcspectiveofage, experience or training. •R HOW to benefit from our free Advisory
and Appointments Depts.
•R HOW you con take advantage of the
On 1 SATISFACTION OR chances you are now misting.
R HOW, irrespective of your age, education
REFUND OF FEE' terms or experience, YOU can succeed in any
branch of Engineering.
156 PAGES Of EXPERT
This remarkable book gives details of examinations CAREER - GUIDANCE
and courses in every branch of Engineering, PRACTICAL
Building, etc., outlines the openings available and INCLUDING
describes our Special Appointments Department. EQUIPMENT TOOLS
Baiic Pcutkal and Ihtote- The specialist Elec-
ti{ Coursci (or bcqlnnffi in tronics Division of
WHICH OF THESE IS Radio, I. V.. tlectronio.EK., ll.i.E.T.
A.MJ.E.R.E. City S 6uildl HOW offers you n
YOUR PET SUBJECT? Radio Amateurs' Exam. real laharalory train-
R.T.E.6. Cerlilirale ing at home nit It
MIICII. KNGINKrUINfi P.M.C. Certllkalc practicn! cquipmem.
Gen. Me, h. Mir.—Mainien- J'-LEC. KNGINiaatlNC;
General Eleclricul Eng. ■— Pratlital Radio
Radio ATefexIsion Setwdng Ask for details.
««<•«? Mir. — Dirset Mir. — Jnstallarions— Draug/irsnian-
Toot Ooxign —i SI we I ship ■— Jlhwiititiliiig Eng. — Praditai Elcrtromrs
Eletlronin Engineering
Me in I Work — 11 'ehliiiR '— Refrigeration — Eleni. Elec. B.I.E.T.
Mig. Put tern A! tiki tig — Science — Elec. Supply — Autsmalion
Inspect ion - Drouslilsnmmhip Mining Elec. Eng.
•— Aletallurgy — I'rnituction
Mig, AUTO ENGINEERING You arc bound to benefit from reading
RADIO KNCINEERING General Auto Eng. — Auto. "ENGINEERING OPPORTUNI-
Genera! Radio — Rtiilio it Auto. Maintenance — Repair ■— TIES", and ifyou are earning less than
TV Servicing — TV Eng. — Auto. ElectricalDiesel Maintenance — £30 a week you should send for your
Teleconinirinicolhiis — Elec- Equipment-— copy no ir—FREE and without
tronics—•Sound Recording— Garage Muiingenieni. obligation.
A nloiiiatiotl—Prncticnl Radio
—Radio Anuilmr.i' Exam, RLILDING
CIVIL KNGINEERING General UnUding — Healing
& Ventila lion ~ Plumbing
General Civil Eng. Muni- —
cipal Ens- — Sli iirltiral Eng. — Arcliiiectr/rc ■—• Corpeniry
Painting — Decorating — ■ TO B.I.EX, 316A COLLEGE HOUSE,
Sanitary Eng. — Road Eng. Specijicalions rf Qnaniilics •V. sunup if posted in
Hydraulics—A lining— 11 'uter — Surveying — Arcfiilecluia! 129-31 WRIGHTS LANE, W.8. an unsealed envelope. |
Supply—Petrol Tech. Draughtsn lanstdp.
I Please send me a FREE copy of "ENGINEERING \
WE HAVE A WIDE RANGE OF COURSES IN OTHER SUBJECTS IN- OPPORTUNITIES." I am in/eresled in (slale subject, I
CLUDING CHEMICAL ENG., AERO ENG., MANAGEMENT, INSTRU- I exam., or career).
MENT TECHNOLOGY, WORKS STUDY, MATHEMATICS, ETC. I
Which <:hqualification would increase your earnine power?
a'm'■ol 'E."sa . k^'M SARI 'E" BAA.M.I.C.E., A.M.I,E.R.E., B-Sc.." |nahe |
Moiu - - A-t-O.B., A.M.I.Chem.E.. A.R.I.C.S,.
EDUCAT ON E A-M.I.Mun.E., CITY & GUILDS, GEN. CERT. OF ■ ADDRESS ■
BRITISH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
3I6A COLLEGE HOUSE, 29-31 WRIGHT'S LANE, W.8
I | WRITE IF YOU PREFER NOT TO CUT THIS PAGE
rr

THE
a,vv 1CHAPFf R.VFR P»K^mAnnHrvGF^uani
RGE N X NE S
?' '|Sole
Y Agents
- LIMITED, Tower and
for Australia House.
NewSouthampton Street. I.ondon,
Zealand- GORDON W.C.2. fAkiil
& GOTCH Printed rinr<fEnnland
- ^nuthby
;,nd Rhodesia:
CENTRAL NEWS AGENCY LTD.: East Africa: STATIONERY & OFFICE
postage for one year: To any pan of the World £ I 16.0. SUPPLIES UTO Subscript on rtue"including
pi un t.ue inciuoing
PRICE REDUCTIONS FOR MANY ITEMS THIS MONTH
1966 ISO PAGE CATALOGUE
Fully detailedAI1andt ,illustrated components, equipment
f^/T^ !" ) P®# an<i makes- 5000 Stock lines.
»«A Transistors and Devices. 1000 Quartz Frequencies.
V .. l. 01 Aand_Tubes.
available. The Finest and Largest Range
mine of information.
" (4)
Price 6/- post paid
WIC 1
n
rrVCC gives' 2/-
Catalogue,
in pound</- Value on
discount Discount vouchers
purchases.
V*JT i CATALOGUE. COSTS NOTHING AFTER USING VOUCHERS
J
C rO^I^
I ; (I) GLOBE MASTER MW'LW/SW (16) VHF FM TUNER TO BUILD
PORTABLE RADIO TO BUILD 87/105 Mc/s Transistor Superhet.
(3) Special purchase reduces prices Geared_ tuning. Terrific quality and
Full 3-waveband tuning. Pushbutton sensitivity. For valve or transistor
wavechange. Superhet printed circuit. amptifiars., 4 X 3! X 2|in,
Black-chromed cabinet II X 7J x 3iin.
(SW 17-50 metres). Ear/Record sockets. TOTAL COST /ItQ* P.P.
TOTAL COST - P.P. TO BUILD tO. I 7.0 2/6.
TO BUILD £7.19.6 3/6, (Cabinet Assembly 20/- extra)
e 10 AND 20 WATT MONO AND STEREO TRANSISTOR AHPL1FIERS
# (9) POWER AMPLIFIERS. 10 watts (10). PREAMPLIFIERS. 8" input "
RMS output. IDOmV input, 30 c/s to
# 20kc/s i IdB. 6-Transistor Push-pull. 'stiector. Treble, bass, volume, filter
controls. limV.to 300mV inputs.
Panel size 4 xl-ix lin.- H/S4x4in.
o —
(2) TPAIO/3 3-5 ohm spkr. £4.10.0, pp. 2/6 Battery operated or from Mains Unit.
Output up to ISOmV RMS.
TPAI0/IS 12-16 ohm spkr.. -
£5.5.0, p.p. 2/6 MP2 Mono 9J X2J x2in. £5.10.0. p.p.
rxi (Mams unit for I or 2 amplifiers 2/6 (brown and gold front panel 8/6)
FT7- 59/6. p.p. 2/6)
KC n The Finest High Fidelity at
SP4 Mono/Stereo, 9'3I Ijin.,
£10.19.6, p.p. 3/6 (front panel plate 12/6)
r Unbeatable Prices • ALL UNITS BUILT AND TESTED
t8) BUILD A QUALITY TAPE (3) S WATT AMPLIFIER
RECORDER 6-Transiscor Push-pull, 3 ohms. 6mV
(8) Three speeds—3 watts. into IK, I2/I8V supply. 2Jx2 -'l.lin.
Complete kits with new "363" decks. BUILT AND TESTED /Q / P.P.
Supplied as preassembled sections. (optional mains units 54/-) Ox O 2/,
Complete with portable cabinets and li watt version 59/6.
Speaker—excellent quality. 7" (,200ft. New matching Preamplifier, 6 inputs,
tape and spool and Acos 45 microphone. treble/bass/seleccor/voiume controls. 6-
J. ^ "363" decks with tape and Acos tnic. lOmV o/put. 9-18V supply. 79/6, p.p. 2/-
(2 track 10 gns. 4 track £ 13.10.0. P.P. 5/-) For use with ony Transistor Amplifier
illiA («> ★ TWO TRACK * FOUR TRACK DEAC CHARGER
O To charge 3-6 volt and 9-6 volt packs.
p.p. Fully mains isolated
1 £26 8/6 £30 aT in moulded case. 2/-
('3) RECENT-6 MW LW, (IS) HI-FI (4) DEAC CELLS
POCKET RADIO .TO BUILD
6-Transistor superhet. Geared EQUIPMENT parcel • RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
tuning. Push-pull output. Moulded Special prices. Let us
3-6 volt 500 mA/H. Size;
cabinet 5 x 3 X I Jin. Phone socket. have your en- • 9-6 volt 225 mA/H. p.p.Size;
IT x IJ'dia... 12/6, 1/6
(12) TOTAL
TO BUILD
COST /0 , P.P.
69 6 2/- 2,V X 1" dia, ..
q u iri esYor BRAND NEW — Offered at a 20/-, p.p. 1/6
Special purchase reduces price equipment. fraction of normal retail price.
0 m (6) 25 WATT AMPLIFIER (S) TOURMASTER .
New 8-Transiscor design, Push-pull
output for7) to I6ohm speaker. ISOmV 7-Transistor MW/LW Car Radio. 12
input. 30c/5 to 20kc/s :L ldB. For use volt operated. 3 watt output. Push-
with valve or transistor preamplifiers built, boxed, ready toRfusestage.
button wavechange. Supplied
with Speaker
as item (10) above. Size 25 x2; x61in. and Baffle- Car fixing kit and manufac-
PRICE BUILT , P.P. turers' current guarantee. Special
AND TESTED £8.19.6 3/- Bargain Offer." Buy Now !
(Malns unit 79/6, p.p. 2/6) PRICE £9.9.03™
* (") GARRARD DECKS (12) MULTI-METERS
(P.p.'S/-any type)
1000 mono £5.19.6. stereo £6. 6.0 PT34 IkV 39/6 TP5S • 20kV £5,19.6
(") 2000 mono £6. 6.0. stereo £6. 6.0 Ml 2kV49/6 EP30k 30kV £6.10.0
*SP25 mono £10.10.0. stereo £10.19.6
Autosiim mono £5. 9.6. stereo £5. 9.6 TP10 2kV75 - EPSOk 50kV £8.15.0
*AT6 mono £8.19.6, stereo £9.10,0 EPIOfc (OkV 79/6 500 30kV £8.17.6
■ AT60 mono £10,10.0. stereo £10.19.6 EP20k iOkVV 69/6
f ITI-2 20k
99/6
EPiOOk I OOkV £ 10.10,0
■
3000LM stereo £8.19.6
- -o: (*Deram cartridge add 60/- to mono (14) MW(LW' QUA
price). All autochange (except SP25). TRANSISTOR RADIO TUNER
complete with cartridge. Brand new. Fully tunable superhet with excellent
(7) VHFjFM TUNER sensitivity and selectivity. Output up
Supplied as 2 ■ Preassembled Panels, panel, etc. peak.
to i vole Complete with front
9 vole operated. For use
plus metal work Superhet design. 83-108 with any amplifier or tape recorder,
Mc/s, 9 volt operated. TOTAL COST £3 | 9 ^ p p-
ts © I Total cose to assemble £|2.l7.6,p.p. 2/6. TO BUILD 2/6
HENRY'S RADIO LTD. (2) NOMBREX TEST UNITS
LET US QUOTE FOR COMPONENTS AND 303 EDGWARE RD., LONDON, W.2 T150 kc/s—350 m/cs RF Generator
PADdington 1008/9 Alt Transistor £9,10.0
EQUIPMENT FOR YOUR CIRCUIT Open Won. to Sot. 9-6. Thurj. I p.m. *10 c/s—100 kc/$ Transistor
Open all da/ Saturday, A ud io Ge neracor £ 16.15.0