M U SI C A L

I N S TR U M E N TS

R O B E R T B R U C E A R M STR O NG

A U THO R O F ‘
THE HI S TO R Y O F L IDD E S D AL E ,
’
E TC

THE I RI SH AND

THE HI G HL AND HARP S

Mu t e ! mu t e th e H ar
p! a nd
’

i l os t th é dn é g i é aim?
‘

,
»

IVh i c h rou s e d to ra pt u re ea ch Mi l i e s an h e ar t!
In c ldo an d r u st t h e l l fe l e s s ti
s r n
gs d e c ay
An d a ll th i e r s ou l o f s on g has d id
e a w ay .

EDI NB U R G H : D AV I D D O U G L AS

190 4
 TO T H E MEM O R Y O F T H E PA T R I OT I C I R I SH MEN WHO
EN D E A V OU R E D T O P R E S E RV E T H E N AT I O NAL INS T RU MEN T
B Y E S T A BL I SH I N G AND S UPPO R T I N G TWO

I R I SH H A R P S O C I E T I E S AT B E L F A S T

T H I S V OLU ME I S D ED I C AT E D
 P REFACE

’
IT w a s t h e w r it e r s i n t e n tion tha t t h e ch a p te rs r e l a ti n g t o t h e Ir i s h ,

Highl a n d a n d We l s h Ha rp s s hould fo r m t h e co n cludi n g po r tio n of thi s

,

wor k but a s t h e two fi rs t m e n tio n e d i n s tr u m e n t s a r e of p r i m a r y

,
-

i m po r ta n c e it h a s b e e n d e cid e d to i s s u e t h e ch a pte r s r e l a ti n g to the m

,

s e p a r a t e ly a n d tho s e , t r e a ti n g of t h e E n gli s h Guita r Ha rp Guit a r ,

-
,

Guit a r e Ha r p e Apollo Ly r e Ha r p Lut e Guit a r Ha r p Lut e Ha r p Ly r e

-
,
-
,
- -
,
-
,
-
,

B riti s h L ut e Ha r p Dit a l Ha r p Har p V e n tu r a a n d R oy a l Po r ta bl e I r i s h

- -

,
-
,
-
,

Ha r p a s a s e co n d p a r t e a ch p a rt be i n g co m pl e t e i n it s e lf a n d s e p a ra t e ly
,

i n d e x e d Th e w r ite r h a d hop e d to i n clud e t h e T ripl e W e l s h Ha r p

.
,

but t h e l e tt e r s a d d re s s e d to tho s e who w e r e s uppo s e d to b e a bl e to gi v e

i n fo r m a tio n r e ga rdi n g t h e tu n i n g of t h e i n s tr u m e n t h a ve r e m a in e d
u n a n s w e re d ; a n d a s h e h a s n ot co n s id e r e d it d e s i r a bl e to re p r in t th e
va gu e a n d u n s a ti s fa c to ry s t a te m e n t s th a t a re a l r e a dy b e fo re t h e public ,

t h e i n s t r u m e n t i s u n n otic e d I t i s to b e hop e d th a t s om e p e rs on who

.

tho r oughly u n d e rs t an d s t h e T ripl e W e l s h Ha r p will put on r e cor d

1
t h e m e thod of tu n i n g a n y o n e of th e s e i n s t r u m e n t s th a t i s t h e tu n i n g , ,

of t h e out e r a n d c e n t r e r o w s for e a ch m aj o r a n d m i n o r k e y a n d s uch ,

in fo r m a tion a s to fi n g e ri n g as ma y e n a bl e t h e po s s e s s o r of on e of th e s e
i n s t ru m e n ts t o tu n e a n d pl a y u po n i t To E dwa rd B u n ti n g w e a re .

i n d e bt e d f or s uch i n fo r m a tion a s w e ha v e as to t h e t u n i n g of t h e I r i s h
Har p with thi r ty s tr i n g s but wh e n tha t Ha rp i s fu rn i s h e d w ith m o re th a n
,

thi r ty s tr i n g s w e h a v e n o d e fin it e k n owl e dg e a s to t h e tu n i n g of t h e
a dditio n a l s t r i n g s F or i n s ta n c e w e do n ot k n ow for c e r t a i n wh e th e r
.
,

th e y a l l b e lo n g to t h e tr e bl e or s hould b e divid e d b e twe e n t h e tr e bl e

a n d t h e b a s s a n d if s o i n wh a t p r opo r tio n th e y s hould b e divid e d
, , ,
or t o

m a k e it s ti l l pl a i n e r w e do n ot k n ow t h e e x a ct po s itio n of t h e th i r ty
,

s t r i n gs a s to t h e tu n i n g
,
of which w e ha v e c e r t ai n k n o w l e dg e fr om
Bu n ti n g upo n a Har p which h a s a gr e a t e r n u m b e r of s t r i n g s Th e h a r p e r s
,
.

Th e a r ra n g e me n t of th e t g i th b
s ri n s n e ass ky t t g p
e n o e s ri n u on
'

d i fle r e n t i n s t ru me n t s w ou ld
u p on s p ci m
e en s h as b een f d v y
ou n hto ar , so t e p m bly v y l
re s u a ar a s o.
viii MU SI CAL I NSTRUMENTS

who i n s tr ucte d Bu n ti n g a n d e v e n tho s e of a m uch l a t e r p e r iod could , ,

h a v e give n t h e r e qui r e d i n for m a tion Th e y m u s t a l s o h a v e k n own t h e .

n u m b e r of s t e e l s t r i n g s th a t s hould b e u po n t h e Ha r p a n d wh e th e r ,

t h e r e s hould b e two thick s t e e l s t r i n g s or o n ly on e b e tw e e n t h e thi n

s te e l s t r i n gs a n d t h e b r a s s s t r i n g s Now u n fo r tu n a t e ly th e r e i s a t l e a s t .
,

s o fa r a s t h e w r it e r i s a wa r e n o p e r s o n a liv e who i s a bl e to s t a t e ,

pos itiv e ly wha t w e s o m uch wi s h to k n ow Wh e n thi s i s s o m a y w e n ot .

,

hop e th a t s om e p e r s on will do e v e n m o r e for t h e T r iple W e l s h Ha r p ,

whil e it i s still i n u s e th an Bu n t i n g di d for t h e Ir i s h i n s tr u m e n t w hich

, ,

h a s s i n c e h e w r ot e b e co m e ob s ol e te
,
? 1
,

Th e w r ite r will b e gla d to h e a r o f a n y I r i s h or Highl a n d Ha r p s of

co n s id e ra bl e a n tiquity tha t a r e n ot n otic e d i n thi s volu m e Th e r e m a y .

b e a n d it is to b e hop e d tha t th e r e a r e i n t e r e s ti n g s p e ci m e n s i n cou n t r y

, ,

hou s e s tha t a r e k n ow n a n d va lu e d W hil e som e th a t h a v e b e e n put ,

a s id e a n d a re fo r gott e n m a y y e t b e br ought to light 2

, , .

Th e photogr a vu r e pl a te s both i n thi s a n d t h e s ucce e di n g vol u m e a r e , ,

by t h e Swa n E l e ctr ic E n g ra vi n g Co m p a n y L on do n a n d t h e M e s s rs , ,
.

An n a n of Gl a s gow a n d t h e lithog r a ph s by t h e M e s s r s B a n k s an d C o a n d
, . .
,

M e s s r s M L ag a n a n d Cu m m i n g of E di n bu r gh All t h e pl a t e s a n d block s
.
‘
, .

m a rk e d by t h e m o n og ra m Q a r e t h e w rit e r s ow n wo r k a n d a re al m o s t
’

e n ti r e ly fr o m r ubbi n gs a n d t r a ci n g s p r i n cip a lly g e l a ti n e t a k e n fr o m t h e , ,

o rigi n a l o rn a m e n ta t i o n or fr o m photog r a ph s The s e a lthough m e r e

, .
,

outli n e d r a wi n g s h e h as e n d e a vou r e d to m a k e a s a ccura t e a s po s s ibl e

, ,

a n d it i s hop e d th e y fa i r ly r e p r e s e n t t h e obj e ct s r e fe r re d to i n t h e
t e xt All t h e ill u s tr a tio n s i n both volu m e s a r e copy right e xc e pt such
.
,

r e p r oductio n s of e n g ra vi n g s a s h a v e b e e n p r e viously publi s h e d a n d h a v e

n ot b e e n r e p r oduc e d by h an d .

I t i s p e r ha p s t h e m o s t pl e a s i n g duty of a n a uthor to a ck n owl e dg e

, ,

a s s i s t a n c e h e h a s r e c e iv e d ; a n d i n t h e p r od u ctio n of t h i s a n d t h e s u c

c e e di n volu m e a s s i s t a n c e h a s b e e n m o s t g e n e r ou s ly a n d u n g r u dgi n gly

g
giv e n n ot o n ly by p e r so n a l fr i e n d s but by m a n y with who m h e h a d n o
, ,

1 c th i p g ph
Si n e i tt s Tt f th w i t
a ra ra t t th t th y w i ll t b m v d
w as w r e n a. u or or e r er ru s s a e no e re o e ,

t h T pl W l h H p f m t h m
e ri e f h l t
e s l t b f h y h v b cl d f t
ar ro e s o t e a e at e as e o re t e a e een ean e o rus

E ll i R b t h b p bli h d by t h V c t d th p p ly g g d d m d d th
, .
,

s o e r s, as een u s e e in en an en ro er au e an e as u re , an e

M ic G
us 9B St t L d W
o. , mb
e r n e rs f ch t i g c ti g f m th fi t
re e on on n u er o ea s r n , ou n n ro e rs

I f y ch d i c v d d th t bl t i g d t h m t l t d
.
, ,

2 an su are s o e re an e re a re re e s r n , an e e a , no e .

ti g t f t i g tt ch d t th m
,

s r n m s or r e n an s o s r n s a a e o e ,
 PREFACE ix

p r e viou s a cqu a i n ta n c e Hi s th a n k s a r e s p e ci a lly d u e to L a dy a n d M i s s

.

Hod s o n M r s a n d M i s s O tw ay Ruthv e n M i s s M id dl e ton t h e Cou n cil of

,
.
-
, ,

t h e Soci e ty of A n tiqu a r i e s Scotl a n d t h e Cou n cil of t h e Roy a l I r i s h , ,

Aca d e m y t h e Cou n cil of t h e B e l fa s t Na tu r a l Hi s to ry a n d Philo s ophica l

,

Soci e ty L o rd Wa lt e r Fitzg e r a ld Si r R ob e r t Ad a i r Hods o n Ba r t t h e

, , , ,

M a c D e r m ot R oe L i e ut e n a n t Colo n e l Ry a n L a n e g a n L i e ute n an t Colo n e l

,
- -
,
-

Pl u n k e tt C B Re v Tho m a s K Abbott Se n io r Fe llow

, . .
, . .
, ,

R e v F W G a lpi n Re v Al e n M M a cl e a n R e v C a n o n He w s o n
. . .
, . .
, .
,

Jo s e ph A n d e rs o n Es q LL D T H L on g fie l d E s q Ge or g e
, , . .
,
. .
, ,

Coffe y Es q J R o m illy All e n E s q A B Ski n n e r Es q Rich a r d

, , .
, , . .
, ,

L a n g ri s h e E s q G A J Co l e , E s q Wa lte r G Str ickl an d E s q

,
. . .
, , .
, ,

E W He n n e ll E s q A r chiba ld Co n s t a bl e E s q Wi l li a m Dougl a s
. .
, , , , ,

E s q Tho m a s R o s s E s q Ge o rg e Do n a ld s o n E s q T H Tho m as E s q
, , , , ,
. .
, ,

W I B r o w n e E s q Willi a m J a ck s on E s q M e s s rs Ada m a n d
. .
, , , , .

Cha r l e s Bl a ck t h e M e s s r s Gl en M r A M G ooga n M r G A Stu a r t

, .
, . .
‘

,
. . .
,

M r Al e x a n d e r R itchi e a n d a ll oth e r s who s e n a m e s m a y u n i n t e n t i on

.
,

a lly b e o m itt e d but who h a v e a s s i s te d i n t h e p roduction of thi s a n d

,

t h e s ucc e e di n g volu m e .

R . B A . .

A p n l 190 4
’

.
 C O NTE N TS

P R E FACE,

THE I RISH HARP

His t ori c a l Not ic e s . Th e Ba rd s . His t ori ca l Not i c e s (con ti n u ed) . Re p tr es e n a

ti on s , Me tl
a , S t on e, e tc . D e sc r i pti o C t ct i
n an d on s ru on . M th d
e o of

P l yi
a n
g . Sc a l e an d T in g
un , e tc . D c y d Di p p
e a an sa e a r an c e ,

EX ISTI N G S E C I M E N S P

Tri n i t y C oll e g e Har p lli d y

. Th e C t as . Har p M ou n ti n
gs f ou n d at Ba n err .

Th e F i t g e ral d or D
z lw y H p Th Ki l d H p Th C tl O tw y a a ar . e are ar . e as e a

H p Th O F f g t y H p Tw H p t h P p t y f t h R y l
ar . e
’
o er ar . o ar s, e ro er o e o a

I i h Ac d m y Th B l f t M
r s a e m H p Th D w h i ll H p Th
. e e as u se u ar . e o n ar . e

B w th H p
un orTh H ll yb k H p arA H p by J h Eg
. A e o roo ar . ar o n an .

H p t S th K i gt
ar a Th Ch l m t H p
ou Th B l f t en s n on . e ar e on ar . e e as

S i ty H p
oc e A H p i t h N ti l M
ar s m Ed i b g h
. ar n e a on a u s eu ,
n ur , 5510 9
-

M ISSI NG S P EC I M E N S
AH p ar n ot i c e d by M r . Be ll e w , of C tl B ll w
as e e e . Th e M ag en n i s Harp . A Har p
by J o h n K ll y
e . Th e H p f A th
ar o r ur O Ne i l l
’
Th e C a s tl e
. Ca ldw lle

Ha r p ,
109 115
-

S P E C I M E N S KN O W N TO HAV E B EE N D ES TRO Y E D

C l ’
a ro a n s Ha rp . Th e B u n w or t h C l l ct i
o e on . Th e Li m e i c k Ha pr r , 115119
-

M U SI C
F e ag h an G e le ash , or
“
Try if it is in t une . L am e t a ti o
n n of Di e rdre fo r t h e

Son s of U s n eac h , B u n ti n
g,
A L ess o n f or t h e Harp , R B A. .

C ou li n , R B A . .
,
x ii MUSI CAL INSTRUMENTS

S c tt L
o
’
s am en t tia on , R B A
By RB
. .
.
,

Th e Y ou n g M a n
’
s D r ea m . Th e C a va lc d a e of the o n e, . . A .
,

Th e D aw n n i g of th e D ay . Th e 0 11Tr u a g h , R B A , . . .

Gi l h v y
r s, G g ? Th S mm i c mi
a e ou s e e n e or e e u er s o n
g, R B A . . .
,

Th Y ll w B l k t Li ttl M ll y O R B A
e e o an e . e o , . . .
,

Th Bl c k R b d M ll y m y T
e a R B A
os e u . o ,
r e a s u re , . . .
,

Th G v e f Bl y Th W
ro R B A
es o a rn e . e re n ,
. . .
,

Th J ll y P l g h m
e o R B A ou an ,
. . .
,

Ne w L a n g ol e e , R B A
ll y M l p i Ai l hA RB A
.
.
,
.

Mo aca n . ee r oon , . .
,

Ki tty N w l N m y Th
o an . ora , ou s a n d Tr ea s u re s ,
R B A. . .
,

M ch R B A
’
B u rn s ar ,
.
,

C l C c t R B A
aro a n s
’
on e r o, . . .
,

I LLU S T R AT I ONS (F ULL -

PA G E PLAT E S )

F ron ti p i c
s e e —wi re s t r u n g I ris h Har p
-
,
m an u f a ct u re d by J . Eg a n , of D b li
u n, f or
the B e l fa s t I r i s h Ha r p Soc i e t y .

Ti tl e p age —
- a rr an
ge d an d d ra w n by R B A . .

A B a rd Har p e r fr om
an d D erri c k s I m ag e of I rel an d
’
,

Re p res e n t a t i on s of Har p e r s u p on t h e Sh ri n e of St M oed oc

. an d u p on th e S hi
r ne

of St P a t ri c k s Tooth
’
.
,

Har p u p on a M on u m en t at J e rp oi n t Abb ey ,

E d ward Bu n ti n
g,
P rog ra mm e c p l y d by f H p b f H M G g V t th
of M u si a e ou r ar er s e or e . . eor e I .
, a e

M i H D bl i A g t 18 2 1
a n s on - ou s e , u n, u us ,

A c i t H p T i i t y C ll g D b l i
n en ar , r n o e e, u n

Pl t P p ti v d f t
a e I . e rs ec e an ron ,

D t il R B A e a s, . . .
,

L f t id II . e s e,

III Ri g ht i d . s e,

H pM ar ti g f d t B l li d y
ou n n s ou n a a n e rr ,

Th Fi t g l d
e D lw y H p
z e ra or a a ar

P l at Rig ht i d e P ti f th F
1 .
p i ll d p b bl B s e . or on o e ore - ar , a n a ro a e ox

pp l i d by R B A su e . . .
,

L ft i d f F —p il l II d f th H m i C v
. d th
e s e o or e ar an o e ar on c ur e , an e

f t f th F p il l r on o e ore - a r,

Th Ki l d H p
e a re ar

Pl t P p ti v
a e I . e rs ec e,

II . L e ft s id e ,

I II . D t il e a s,
 CONTENTS x m
P AG E
Th e C tl O t w y H p
as e a ar

Pl t 1 P p ct iv
a e . er s e e, s h wi o ng p ti or on of t h e r ig h t si d e ,

P p ti v II . e rs ec e, s h wi o n g p ti or on of th e l e f t sid e,

Th e O F f g ty H p
’
o er ar ,

D en n s i He mp s o n ,

Th e Har p
Bu n w or th ,

Th e Holl ybrook Har p ,

T h l ou g h C a ol
ur r an ,

B L O CK I LLU S T R AT I ONS
Su b t i tl e— Th e I ri s h Har p , R B . . A .

I i h H rp C c k RB A h
H p f m D ick Im g f I l d I i h H p f m
r s a , r ow n an d S a mr o s, . . .
,

P t i
’
ar er ro er r 16 19s a e o r e an . r s ar ro r e or u s , ,

Th C tl O t w y H p h wi g t h c
e as e t cti f t h B R B A
a ar , s o n e on s ru on o e ox , . . .
,

Sh f t h St i g
oe s o p IihH p R B A
e r n s u on r s ar s
, . . .
,

S l
ca e of th I i h H p f m P t i
e R B A
r s ar , ro re or u s , . . .
,

Sc l f th I i h H p f m B t i g
a e o e r s ar ,
ro un n ,

M th d f T i g t h I i h H p f m B t i g
e o o un n e r s ar ,
ro un n ,

Th St i g f t h H p R B A
e r n s o e ar , . . .
,

Th G c Sh k
e ra e s , D b l N t Ch d t f m B ti g
a e s, ou e o es , or s, e c .
, ro un n ,

D b l N t Ch d t f t h ig ht h d f m B ti g
ou e o es , or s, e c .
, or e r an , ro un n ,

Sc l wi t g H p d pp d T i g R B A
’
f Eg
a e o an s r e - s ru n ar ,
an su os e un n , . .

Th T i i t y C ll g H p L f t d i g ht id
e r n o f th H m i c C v R B A
e e ar . e an l s es o e ar on ur e, . . .
,

G t q A im l p
r o es ue t d p t h F pi ll R B A
n a s re re s e n e u on e ore - a r, . . .
,

F t d id f m t l i c h m t p t h H m i C v R B A
ron an s e o e a en r en u on e ar on c ur e, .

t t t Th p b bl f m f th H p b f i t p d
.
,

Th H p
e it p
ar In s resen s a e . e ro a e or o e ar e ore as s e

th g h th h d f th r ou t R B A e an s o e re s ore rs , . . .
,

Th H p m
e ar ti g f m B lli d y Th l f t id d l w
-
ou n n d R B A
s ro a n err . e e s e an o er en ,
. . .
,

Th F i t g l d
e D lw y H p
z era Th Q S cti
or f m l di g a d th a ar . e u een . e on o ou n un er n e a

th H m ic C v R B A
e ar on ur e, . . .
,

Th O m t ti e p t h fl g f th T f m ti b th id R B A
rn a en a on u on e an e o e -
or a on , o S e s, . . .
,

Th Kil d
e H p O m t ti
a re p th F p i ll R B A
ar . rn a en a on u on e or e - ar , . . .
,

S dh l d i ci d O
ou n -
m t ti o e an
p th S di g b d R B A n se rn a en a on u on e ou n n -
oar ,
. . .
,

Th C tl O t w y H p
e as e a ar

O m t d M t l p St i g b d Sid f C p
rn a en e i ch m t p e a u on r n -
an . e o a or e n r en u on

th H m ic C v R B A e ar on ur e, . . .
,

Ch v di t l c d
e m t ti
ron a n p th H m ic C v R B A
n er a e or n a en a on u on e ar on ur e, . . .
,

Th l f t i d d th f
e e t f th F p i ll R B A
S e an e r on o e ore - a r, . . .
,

O m t ti i rna l i f d W l f d g p t h f t f t h F p ill
en a on n re e , an o -
o u on e r on o e o re- a r,

R B A. . .
,
 M USICAL INSTRUMENTS
P AG E

Sou n d -
hl
o es u p on t h e D ow n h il l an d C tlas e O t w a y Ha rp s , an d i c is e d Nu me r l s
n a

u p on th e l tta er, R B A . . .
,

Th e O F f og e r ty Ha r p Th e ri g h t s i d e a n d b a c k
’
.
,
R B A
. . .
,

Th e O Ne i ll Harp D u b l i n M u s eu m R B A
’

, , . . .
,

Harp i n th e D bliu n M us eu m, R B A , . . .

Th e B e l f a s t M u s e u m Ha r p R B A , . . .
,

Th e D ow n h i ll Har p R B A , . . .
,

Th e Bu n w or th Har p Th e rig ht s i d e . an d th e fron t of th e F ore - pi ll ar , R B A,

. . .

Th e Holl yb r ook Ha r p
Di a
g ram an d se cti on s , s h wio n
g th e t
con s ru c ti on of t h e B ox , R B . . A
.
,

Th e r i g ht Sid e , R B A . . .
,

Se cti on of th e F or e-p i ll a r , R B A . . .
,

Har p at Sou th K en s in g t on R , . B A . .
,

Har p by Jo h n K e ll y R B A , . . .,

Ar th u r O Nei l l f rom Bu n t in g
’
, ,
 C ONTENTS XV

THE H I G H L A N D HA R P (C L A R SC HA)

P AG E

Hi s t ori c al Not i c e s . B ar d s , t
S or y -
t ll
e e r s, Vo c li t
a s s. M u si cl I t
a n s ru me n t s .

E x c e r p t f rom th e Acc ou t s n of th e Lor d Hig h Trea u re r of Scotl an d s

re a l ti ng t o th e Har p an d C l a rsch a . Re p re s en t a t i o s u p on St on e n ,

E XISTI N G S P EC IM E N S
Th e L a m on tH p ar . Th e “
Q u e e n M ar y Har p , 158 18 4
-

M U SI C
L u d e s Su p p e R B A
’
r, . . .
,

Hig hl a n d L dd ie R B A a , . . .
,

L e e i e Li sa y
z n Th e Ye ll ow h i r e d L add i e R B A
.
-
a ,
. . .
,

Th e Terror of D e th R B A a , . . .
,

Th e Fi dd l e r s C o t en t R B A
’
n , . .
,

Ro i e D ll s Si s t e s L am en t R B A
’ ’
r a r , . . .
,

My Ai n Ki n d D ea r i e Th e L an d 0 t h e L e a] R B A
’
. .
, . .
,

I LLU S T R AT I ONS (F ULL -PA G E PLATE S )

Th e Hig h la n d Har p as r e p r e s en td p e u on S on e t , at Al d b a r , Nigg , Du p pl i n ,
M on i fie th , St . O ra n ’
s Ch p l I a e , on a ; th e C th d l I
a e ra , on a ; K ill e s, an d
Kil y R B A co , . . .
,

Th e L m tH p
a on ar

Pl t I P
a ep cti v . ers e e,

I Th St p Th i d d f t f th m t l i h m t R B A
I . e ra s . e s e an r on o e e a en r c en , . . .
,

I II Th pp p ti f th b
. Th l w t mi ti
e f th u er or on o e ox . e o er er na on o e

t i g b d Th t b l d f th t i g p g b d — l f t
s r n -
an . e re e en o e un n -
e an e

i d D — ig ht i d R B A s e . o . r s e, . . .
,

P b bl f m f th H p b f
IV . th f ti f th F p ill
ro a e or o e ar e ore e r ac on o e ore- a r,

R B A . . .
,

The Qu e e n M ar y Ha rp
P la t e 1. P e rs p ct i ve e,

Th e
II . L e ft i d s e,

III Th e . Ri g ht s i d e ,

IV Th e . Fore p i ll a - r . Th e re pti l es
’
h d ea s, a ct l i
ua s ze, R B A,
. . .
x vi MUSICAL I NSTRUMENTS
P AG E

Q u e en M ar y Harp — Con ti n u ed
Pl a t e V . P r e s en tf or m of th e Harp an d t h e p ro babl e f or m of th e Ha rp
w h en it l ft th h d
e e an s of t he a r ti fi c e r , R B A . . .
,

VI . Th e Box No 1 Th e fr on t . Th e rig ht si d e an d s h ou l d e r
. . .

Th e l e f t s i d e a n d s h ou l d e r R B A , . . .
,

V II . Th e B ox No 2 Th e u p p e r p or t ion of t h e b a c k Re m ai n s of
. . .

t t i p t h l ft d ig ht i d f t h b k
or n a me n a on u on e e an r s es o e ac .

Th ig ht i d f th p j ct i g b l c k w i th th mi i g
e r s e o e ro e n o , e ss n

p ti t d Th l f t id f d Th l w f t f
or on re s or e . e e s e o o . e o er ron o

d h wi g t h p t i w
o .
,
w y
s Th l w t mi
o n e or on or n a a . e o er er na

ti f th b R B A on o e ox , . . .
,

V III Th H m ic C v
. e Th f t f th b t mi ti
ar on ur e . e ron o e ass er na on .

Th m l d i g d th S cti
e h w i g th m l di g
ou n un e rn e a . e on , s o n e ou n .

Th l f t i d Th ig ht i d R B A
e e s e . e r s e, . . .
,

X Th
I F p il l
. The m t ti ore -
p th T f m ti ar . e or n a en a on u on e - or a on .

D p th l f t d ig ht i d
o . u D on p th b ck e e an r s es . o. u on e a .

D p th pp d l w
o p ti
. u f th f
on tRBA e u er a n o er or on s o e r on ,
. .
,

B L O CK I LLU S T R A T I ONS

Su b titl — Th Hig h l d H p R B A
-
e e an ar , . . .
,

Th i tl R B A
s e,

D i g m h wi g t h p b b l f i f t h B f t h c i t H
. .
.
,

a ra s o n e ro a e or n o e ox o e an en ar p , R B . . A .

Th L m t H p
e a on ar

Th Sh f t h St i g
e R B A
“
oes o e r n s, . . .
,

Th O m t ti e p th T i g p g R B A
rn a en a on u on e un n -
e s, . .
,

Th e Q u e en M a r y Har p
“ ”

Th e “ Sh oes of t h e St ri n gs ,
R B A . . .
,

O rn a m e n t a t i on u p on th e Tu n i g p e g s, R B A
n -
. . .
,

O rn am en t a t i on u p on th e F ore -p i ll
a r, R B A , . . .

I ND EX ,
 THE I R I SH HA R P

IN wor k s uch a s thi s it m ay n ot b e po s s i bl e t o do full j u s tic e to

a

a n i n s t r u m e n t of s uch i m po r ta n c e a s t h e wi re s t r u n g I r i s h Ha r p ; but -

t h e w r it e r h a s e n d e a vou r e d to giv e i n t h e followi n g n otic e s uch , ,

i n fo r m a tio n as t h e o r di n a r y r e a d e r m a y r e qui re 1 .

Tha t mu s ic w a s cultiv a te d i n Ir e l a n d a t a v e ry r e m ot e p e r iod a n d ,

th at t h e i n h a bita n t s of t h e cou n t r y h ad a r r iv e d at t h e high e s t d e gr e e of

e xc e ll e n c e both a s co m po s e r s a n d a s p e r for m e r s upo n t h e Ha r p is ,

u n doubt e d but to e n a bl e t h e re a d e r to j udg e of th e e s ti m a tion i n which

t h e I r i s h Ha r p a n d a l s o t h e h a r p e r s a n d oth e r m u s ici a n s w e r e h e ld
, , ,

n ot o n ly by th e i r ow n cou n t ry m e n but by tho s e of oth e r n a tio n a liti e s ,

it h a s b e e n con s id e re d a dvi sa bl e b e fo r e pr oce e din g w ith t h e d e s cr iption , ,

e tc o f t h e Har p
.
,
t o r e p r i n t— as fa r a s po s s ible i n ch r o n ologic a l o r d e r
,

—s o m e of t h e n otic e s th a t a r e to b e fou n d i n I r i s h M SS of a v e r y e a r ly .

p er iod a n d a l s o s uch sta t e m e n t s a s a r e t o b e m e t with i n wor k s p r e p a r e d

,

du r i n g t h e twe lfth thir te e n th fou r t e e n th fifte e n th s ixt e e n th a n d

, , , , ,

s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu r i e s Thi s po r tion of t h e cha pte r h a s b e e n so a rr a n g e d

.

th a t th e re a d e r n ot s p e ci a lly i n te r e s t e d i n t h e hi s to r ic a l n otic e s c an p a s s
di r e ctly t o t h e d e sc r iptio n of t h e Ha r p .

HI STO R I C A L NO TI C E S

Th e O ll a m h s or Docto rs h e a ds of th e pr ofe s s io n s of Hi s to ry Poe try , , ,

2
M u s ic e t c a s w e ll a s th e i r wiv e s e n j oy e d v a lu a bl e p r ivil e g e s
, .
,
Although ,
.

a n a cco m pli s h e d po e t m a y occ as io n a lly h a v e b e e n a p r ofici en t i n hi s to ry

1 cc t f th i t m t gi v by E g
Th e a ou n o w ldly t
e bl i t h p c ti
n s ru en f th i en u en e or rou es n e r os e u on o e r

OC
’

y iurr th th d v l m f h i L ct
n e t di
ir t Wh
o u m e t A ti q y
o s e ures, s u es, e c. en an e i n en n u ar

ti c f I i h l ti g t i t P hy i c i P t H p pl y d i d h i ld t
, ,

an d th e n o es o f r s M SS r e a n o or o s an oe or ar - a er e s e es

th i hi ch i t f dt t m ly cc d h i m i th i h i t t
.
, , , ,

os e n w di d
i s t
re erre o, a re e x re e s on no su ee e er n s es a e or

i t
n ti g M ch w i ll l b f d i Th
e re s n u l y l h w t h m t cc m pl i h d f
a so e ou n n e sa ar u n e ss e e re e os a o s e o

A c i t M i c f I l d by E d w d B t i g t h f m ly i th t p f th w i t h m t
.

n en us o re a n i ar un n , e a i n a ro e s s o n ; o er se , e os

h i ch w i ll p y p l l d m m b f th t i b t w h i ch h b l g d
,

w re a e r u sa e ar n e e er o e r e o e e on e

H t i P hy i c i P t pp i t d h cc b th i ffi c d
.

2Th e is d w
or a n s , s an s , oe s , an as a o n e is su e s s or o n o e an

H p ar h d
e rs tt ttl d p th m th t m l m t —K ti g pp
a e s a es se e OC
u ony e a e o u en s . ea n , .
‘
u rr
’
s

th y mi ght t b di t b d by c
e no d M t i l f
e H y pp 3 2 5
s ur 2 e Th O ll mh a re s an a er a s or i s tor , .
, .
“
e a s

A
2 M U S I C A L I NS T R U M E NT S

or m usic , t h e p r ofe ssion s of Hi s to r y P o e t r y a n d M u s ic a s t h e followin g , , ,

e xt ra cts fr o m t h e a n ci e n t M s s p r ov e w e r e di s ti n ct In t h e A n n a l s of .
, .

t h e Four M a st e r s of t h e tw e n ty hi s to r i a n s n otic e d on e w a s a l s o a po e t
, , .

O f th e e ighty s i x p o e t s m e n tio n e d on e w as a l s o a n hi s tor i an An d of

-
, .

t h e tw e l ve m u s ici a n s t o b e h e r e a ft e r n otic e d on e w a s a l s o s kill e d i n ,

F e n a c h u s L a w whil e a n oth e r a m a n of u n usu a l cultu r e w as a l s o Skill e d

, , ,

i n h i s tor y po e tr y a n d g e n e r a l lite ra tu r e
, , .
1

P r ofe s s o r C C u rry whos e va st k n owl e dg e o f t h e m o s t an ci e n t po e m s

’

, ,

h i s to r ic a l t a l e s e t c e n a bl e d h i m to thr ow m uch light upon t h e cultiva

,
.
,

tio n of m u s ic i n I r e l a n d a t r e m ot e p e r iod s s ta t e s th a t t h e e a r li e s t ,

n otic e of a h a r p pl a y e r occu r s 0 541 Thi s p e r s o n C ra ft i n é i s

-
.
, ,

m e n tio n e d i n s e v e r a l l e g e n d a r y t a l e s O n e of th e s e which O C u r r y h a s
’
.
,

n ot n otic e d m a y b e b r i e fly r e fe r re d t o C ra ft i n e who s e i n s t r u m e n t
’

.
, ,

h a d b e e n i n j u r e d is st a t e d to h a v e go n e to a wood i n s e a r ch of a
,

s u it a bl e t r e e for t h e pu r po s e of co n s t r ucti n g a n oth e r Ha r p an d the ,

2
t r e e h e s e l e cte d w a s a willow This i s of va lu e a s s howi n g th a t t h e .

Har p wh e n it m o s t p r ob a bly w a s a s m a ll a n d p r i m itiv e i n s tru m e n t

, ,

w a s co n s t r uct e d of w illo w wood .

Th e w r it e r i s u n a bl e t o pl a c e Profe ss or O C u rry s e xtr a cts fr om ’ ’

a n ci en t po e m s a n d t a l e s i n chro n ologica l o r d e r but a c er ta i n n u m b e r ,

a r e h e r e r e p r i n t e d for a pu r po s e t o b e h e r e a ft e r e xpl a i n e d .

I n a v e ry a n ci e n t po e m i n which i s r e co r d e d t h e t ra gic d e a th of C u r oi
M a c D a i r é who w a s Ki n g of W e s t M u n s te r a t t h e p e r iod of t h e
, ,

I n carn a tio n w e h a v e a n i n t e r e s ti n g n otice of Fe rce i r t n é who w a s th a t

, ,

m o n a r ch s fa ithful po e t a n d h ar p e r
’ 3
.

“
M a k e a m u s e m e n t for u s O D on n b o ! b e c a u s e thou a r t t h e b e s t
’

m i n s t r e l i n E r i n n n am e ly a t C u i s e a c h s a t pip e s (or tub e s ) a n d a t

, , ,
.

of M u si c h i gh t d f D g h i ti m th p ci p l l p t T w
or th os e r a i s e d to th e es or er o u ri n s e e ri n a i ar er a ar a as

—O C y L ct
,

M i ci bl g d by th Abh t h ’
lm
’
us f mi E i
an s o an a e afB r n n w e re o i e e e an e s on o ec e as urr s e u re s ,

l i i p 42
.
,

l f t h d t b p f ctly cc m l h d
,

r u es o e or er o e er e a o p is e vo i

K t i g Hi t y f I l d p 16 7 I
. . .

p f m c f th p c li cl
.

’
2
in th e e r or an e o re e e u ar as s e s or ea ii s s or o r e an , . . n a

p i c f m m m ly t h S t i gh é h i ch p m f m ch l t d t (c
e es o us na e e w i ll w u an ra w oe o a u a er a e . a o

H p i th ti c d
,

c ld h w i th t f l l i g i
,

n o on e ou ea r ou a n n to a ar s us n o e

d li ght f l l m b t h G l i g h é w h i ch
e u s u er ; t v e o tra no
St ri n g s as s we e as h i s c on er s a t i on
c ld h W th t b ti g i t t
,

one ou ear d i ou v u rs n n o e a rs an O n a Wl l l O W h a r p n o fi n g ers h a e p l ay e d

l m t ti d th G h é h ch N v c or h a e th e y o u t h s w h i t e fi n g e rs t ou h e d
'

on e
en a t on s
g
c ld h i th t b ti g t i t l d d
ou e ar
; w an

w ou
t e

u rs
ea n

n
rai

ou n
,

o ou
i n o

an
A n i n s t r u m e n t s w ee er t h a n h i s ow n m ou t h .

p bl l ght —C C y I bi d p 2 55
i r re r e ss i e au OC
er
y L ct l i i i pp 2 7 0 2 7 1
’
u rr ’
u rr
’
s e u re s , vo
L g p h p ficti ti p ttdt
. . .
.
, , . . .
, .

1
u er i a s a ou s e rs o n s s a e o

I b i d l p 97
,

h v b p f ct i l l th t d ci c
,

3 vo ii.
a e ee n er e n a e ar s an s en es . .
, . .
 THE I R I S H HA R P

h a rps , an d at po e m s ,
an d at tra ditio n s , an d at th e r oy a l s tori e s of
E rin n .
— A D . .

In a re co r d or t ra dition b e lo n gi n g to a v e r y r e m ot e p e r iod w e ha v e
a otic e of a
n l e a r n e d po e t c a ll e d C i r an d of a ce l e br a t e d c r u i t i r e or , ,

2
h ar p e r n am e d O n a ,
.

Fr o m t h e a ccou n t of t h e Pot of Av a r ic e w e l e ar n th a t whil e th e

po e m w a s b e i n g ch a n t e d t h e b e s t n i n e m u s ici a n s i n t h e com p a n y pl a y e d ,

m u s i c a r ou n d t h e pot
3
.

At t h e t r i e n n i a l m e e ti n g a t Ta r a a g r e a t b a n qu e t w a s a lwa ys give n .

I n t h e Hi s to r y a n d A n tiquiti e s of T a r a D r P e tr i e giv e s fa c s i m il e s fr o m , .

two M SS s howi n g t h e po s ition s occupi e d a t thi s fe a s t by tho s e who w e re

.

e n titl e d to b e p r e s e n t Th e r e w e r e two r ow s of gu e s ts on e ith e r s id e .

of t h e h a ll a n d on t h e fi r s t a n d old e s t pl a n fr o m t h e Boo k of
,

G l e n dal ou g h w e fi n d a m o n g s t t h e li s t of tho s e who w e r e pl a c e d a lon g

t h e e xte r n a l divi s io n on t h e l e ft Ho rs e me n Ha r p e r s B r e ho n s P r ofe s s o r s , , , ,

of L it e r a tur e Ta n i s t pr ofe s s o r s O ll a m h po e t s A mr oth po e ts Augu rs

,
-
,
-
,
-
, ,

D r uid s Hou s e build e rs a n d C a r p e n t e rs Th e Ch ar iot e e rs Hu n ts m e n

,
-
, .
, ,

Cli Hi s to r i a n a n d B a th build e r occupi e d s e a t s a lon g t h e e xt e rn a l

4
, ,
-
,

divi s ion to t h e r ight whil e a lon g t h e i n t e r n a l divi s io n to t h e l e ft w e re ,

r a n g e d Pip e r s Sm ith s Shi e ld m a k e r s Ch a r iot m a k e rs J u gg l e r s T r u m

, ,
-
,
-
, ,

p e t e rs a n d Foot m e n Di s tr ibute rs an d Fi s h e r m e n Sho e m a k e rs ; a n d t o , ,

-

t h e r ight w e r e s e a t e d Ch e s s pl a y e r s B ra zi e r s Phy s ici an s M a r i n e r s an d -

, , , ,

Ki n g s fools ’
.

Th e s e co n d pl a n i s so m e wh a t di ff e r e n t : a lo n g t h e e xte r n a l divi s ion

t o t h e l e ft w e r e s e a t e d Hor s e m e n Ch a riot e e r s a n d St e w a r d s Ha r p e r s , ,

a n d T m an i s t s f Br e ho n s
y p P r ofe s s or s of L it e r a tu r e T a n i s t p r ofe s s or , ,
-
,

O l l a m h po e t An ru dh Augu r s D r uid s Hou s e builde r s Ca r p e n te rs

-
7 6
, , , ,
-
, ,

B a th build e r s T r um p e te r s E n g ra v e r s a n d Ri n g m a k e r s Sho e m a k e rs
-
, ,
-
,
-

ct l i i i p 3 10 f c mp t i i f i t w ff h i m i t (th
' '
1 O C u r ry s Le w y u r e s , vo a o o e n sa on as o e

l ) w t Th t m T m p h i
. . ,

I b i d l i i pp 4 5
. .

2 ” “ ”
vo n ai as cu e er i an a c s n ot

i th t l t i b t i f m h I i h I w ld
. .

I bi d l i i p 56
. . .
,

3 vo n e ra n s a on u s ro t e r s t ou

p p th w i th t w k d f m p
, .

A p t f t h th i d
.

d
. . . .
,

oe o e r or er . a ear e re e re e er o i n s o ti an

5P f OC ft
r o e s s or
y ch i g i q i y
’
th t h ty mp i t b d
u rr a i g th
er a b w
s ear n n u r or a t e an s es i es us n e o

cc i lly p ll d th t g w i th h fi g
, ,

c m t h c cl i th t t m p w
, ,

“ ”
a e to e on u s on a a i an as a o a s on a u e e s ri n s is n er

sp ci f v i l d th t f m k i d t h
e es o o in d anil h i ch a h m f pl y i g
ro p
on e n e s ou n na s, w w as t e an n er o a n u on

p d c d by h Th f ll i g c i h p (p h p t th t) c t ly t l t
,

w as ro u e th a ow . e o ow n u r ou s e ar er a s a a e r ai n a a a er

t ct i f m t h B k f Ai ll p i t d t h p i d
e x ra s ro e oo o cr r n e in e er o

(F l i ) C h i f p t
.

A ci t L w f I l d l i i i p 353
,

A d 6 oe
n en a s o re a n vo n e e .

c d d fp t
,

wi g l h ll b gi v t th Tmp h by
. . .

a n -
n ai s a eTh m f th
en o e i an ac
7 e na e o e se on or er o oe s .
 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NTS

'

an Turn e r s Alo n g th e e xte rn a l divi s ion t o t h e ri ght sa t C h a r i ot e e rs

d .
,

Hun te rs Cli Hi s to r ia n D os C a rp e n t e rs F och l oe Cook s B a th build e rs

1
,
2
,
8
, , , , ,
-
.

Alon g t h e i n te rn a l divi s ion to t h e l e ft P ip er s Sm ith s Shi e ld m a k e rs , , ,

-
,

Ch a r iot m a k e r s J u gg l e r s Sa ti r i s ts w e re ra n g e d whil e alon g t h e

-
, , ,

i n t e rn a l divi s io n t o t h e r ight s a t t h e Ch e s s pl ay e rs D r i n k b e ar e r s -
,
-
,

B ra zi e r s F ool s P hy s ici a n s M a r in e rs a n d Bu ff oon s

, ,
4
, , .

I t m a y b e con clud e d th a t e a ch p e r s o n for whom a s e a t w a s provide d

w a s highly t ra i n e d a n d s kil l e d i n h i s ow n p a rticul a r a r t Th e b a rd s (a s .

will p r e s e n tly be s how n ) h a d n o r e gul ar e d uca tion s o prob a bly on th a t ,

a ccou n t w e r e n ot a d m itt e d t o t h e b a n qu e ts .

Th e cou r t of t h e Ki n g of C a sh e l i n ac cord a n c e with a n ci e n t cu s tom ,

a n d p r ivil e g e w a s s uppli e d by c e rt a i n o ffi c e rs fr o m p a rticul a r t e rr ito r i e s

,
.

“
Thus his h ar p e rs w e re furn i s h e d by t h e C orc oi c h e i n t h e Cou n ty of
L i m e r ick whil e his po e ts an d s chol ar s ca m e from th e M u s cra i gh e of
,
”

O rm on d 5
.

I t i s r e co r d e d th a t wh e n M a c L i g g w h o succe e d e d M a c L on a i n a s ,

chi e f po e t of E r i n n w e n t on a vi s it to Ki n g B r i an Bor oih m e h e w a s , ,

a cco m p a n i e d by l e ar n e d m e n a n d h i s pupil s a n d a tt e n d e d by I l b r e c h t a c h ,

t h e h ar p e r who h a d b e e n h a r p e r to h i s p r e d e c e s s o r M ac L on a i n
6
.
, ,

E oc h a d or b e tt e r k n ow n a s O ll a m h F odhl a on a ccou n t of his l e a rn i n g

, ,

for t h e e n cou r ag e m e n t of l e a r n i n g m a d e a l aw th a t t h e dign ity of , ,

a n A n tiqu a r y a P hysici an a Poe t an d a H , a r p pl a y e r should n ot b e , ,

-

con fe rr e d but u pon p e rs o n s d e sc e n d e d fr o m t h e m ost illu s trious fa m ili e s

” 7
i n t h e whol e coun t r y .

I n t h e r e ig n of Cor m a c U l fa da A D 2 13 it w a s e s t a bli s h e d by l a w , . .
,

tha t e v e r y m o n a r ch of t h e ki n gdom s hould b e a tt e n d e d by th e s e t e n

o ffic e rs He w as oblige d t o h a v e a lway s i n h i s re ti n u e a lo r d a
.
,

j udg e a n a ugu r or druid a phy s ici a n a poe t a n a n tiqu ar y a m u s ici an

, , , , , ,

a n d th r e e st e w a r d s o f his hou s e hold Th e po e t w a s t o tr a n s m it t o .

po s te r ity t h e h e r oic an d m e m o ra bl e a ction s of fa m ous m e n of wha t e v e r ,

qu a lity th e y w e r e t o co m pos e s a ti r e s upo n d e b a uch e r y a n d vic e a n d

, ,

1
A pth i d d
oe t of th e r or er. are b h i d th P t Th F l t pl y H
e n e oe s . e u e- a e rs , or n

2 A p
f h f th d
oe t o t e ou r Or er. bl wo d J ggl pl c d i t h th t
e rs , a n u e rs are a e n e sou -
e as
3 A p
f th l w oe k t o e o e r ra n . p t — A ci t L w f I l d l i p 33 9
ar .
”
n en a s o re an , vo v

y L ct l i i i p 2 08
. .

ct i R y l I i h Ac d m y
. .

4 T f h
ra n s a on s o t e o a r s a e 5O C ’
urr
’
s e u res, vo . . . .

vi i
l O C y L ct I b i d l i i p 99
,

vol . S x i . l iee a so
’
u rr
’
s e ur es , vo i
6 vo

pp 14 15; l i i pp 36 7 509 Th H p K ti g p 13 9
. . .
. .
, . .

vo i. “ 7 ea n
.
, . .
- . e ar e rs , . .
 TH E I R I SH HA R P

to l a s h th e i mm o ra lity of cou r ti e r s a n d i n fe r io r p e r s o n s without p ar ti a lity

or a ff e ctio n Th e m u s ici a n w a s to div e r t t h e ki n g with h i s i n s tr u m e n t s
.
,

to s i n g b e for e h i m wh e n h e w a s pl e a s e d to th r ow off publ ic car e s a n d

, ,

”
e a s e h i s m i n d fr o m t h e bu s i n e s s of t h e s t a t e
1
.

O n e M S quot e d by O Cu rry giv e s a v e r y m i n ut e but n o doubt e x a g

’

g e ra t e d a ccou n t of t h e cou r t of C on a i r e M or wh e n m ovi n g a bout t h e ,

cou n t ry I n g c e l a B r iti s h outl a w obt a i n e d a d m itt a n c e to t h e cou r t for

.
, ,

t h e pu r po s e of s e e i n g wh e th e r it w a s po s s ibl e to a tta ck a n d plu n d e r t h e

p al a c e of D a de rg O n h i s r e tu r n t o th e outl a w e d fo s te r br oth e r s of
.
-

C on a i r e M or h e re l a t e d w h a t h e h a d s e e n a n d d e s c r ib e d t h e a pp e a r a n c e ,

a n d d re s s of t h e di ff e r e n t p e r s o n s i n a tt e n d a n c e upo n t h e ki n g Ni n e of .

th e s e w e r e pip e pl ay e rs a n d th r e e w e r e po e ts Th e h a r p e r s a r e thu s
-
.

d e s c r ibe d
“
I s a w n i n e oth e r s i n fr o n t s a id In g cel with n in e bu s hy cu rli n g
“
, , ,

h e a d s of h a i r n i n e light blu e flo a ti n g clo a k s upon th e m a n d n i n e br ooch e s

,
-
,

of gold i n th e m Ni n e cry s ta l r in gs upo n th e i r ha n d s ; a thu m b r i n g

.

of gold upo n t h e thu m b of e a ch of th e m ; e a r cl as p s of gold upon t h e

e a r s of e a ch ; a to r qu e of s ilv e r a r ou n d t h e n e ck of e a ch Ni n e s hi e ld s .

with gold e n e m bl a zo n m e n t s ov er th e m on t h e w all Ni n e w an d s of .

white s ilve r w e r e i n th e i r h an d s I k n o w th e m s a id Be r r og a i n th e y .
, ,

t h e ki n g s n i n e h a r p e r s n a m e ly Sid e a n d Did e D u l oth e a n d

’
a re , , ,

D e i c h r i n n i C a u m u l a n d C e ll g e n 0 1a n d O l e n e a n d O l c h oi
2 ”
.
, , , ,

To t h e fo r e goi n g p a s s a g e s fr o m t h e a n ci e n t I r i s h M SS m a y b e a dd e d .

t h e followi n g e xt ra ct t ra n s l a t e d by Ha r di m a n fr o m a n old hi s to r ic a l
,

t a l e e n titl e d Ke a r n a g h Ui Do n n e ll
,
Th e Ke a rn a g h took a loud to n e d .
-
,

s w e e t s t r i n g e d h a r p ; t h e t ra i n b e low h e ar d h i m a m o n g th e r ock s e v e n
-
,

th e y who c a s t t h e s oothi n g s tr a i n s w hi ch l e a v e t h e p a s s io n s c a ptiv e ;

which c a u s e s o m e to di s s olv e i n t e a r s s o m e to r i s e with j oy a n d oth er s , ,

a g a i n to s i n k i n s l e e p But s w e e t e r tha n a l l w a s th e s o n g of Ke a r n ac h
. .

Th e fe ll wou n di n g s di s e a s e s a n d p e r s e cutio n s of t h e wo rld s e e m e d to

, ,

c e a s e whil e i t s s w e e t s t ra i n l a s t e d
,
He took t h e h a rp a n d it s e n t .
,

fo r th s oft w a rbli n g s ou n d s Wou n d e d m e n an d wom e n i n t r a va i l a n d

.
, ,

t h e wily s e r p e n t s l e pt whil e h e pl a y e d Aga i n h e tu n e d t h e ha r p a n d .

1 t g pp
Ke a i n 2 8 0, 2 8 1 gltT h ese re u a i on s 2 O C u r ry s L
’ ’
e ct u re s, v ol . i ii . pp . 146 , 147 .

b vdf d th f C m c t k ll d 33
. .
,

w ere o se r e ro m t he ea o or a o the C o n a i r e M o r w as i e B 0 .

d th
ea of B r i a n B or 0 1h m e .
—Ib n l .
6 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

rou s e d t h e n ot e of w a r wo n d r ous a n d t e rr ibl e He s truck t h e thick

, .

chor d s of bold an d fi e r y n ote s ; th e n th e s low a n d d e e p e n i n g ton e s of

t r a gic g r i e f ful l of m e l an choly a n d gloo m i n te rm i n gl e d with m e lodio u s
, ,

”
s t ra i n s .

THE B A RD S

Th e profe s s io n of po e t w a s of t h e v e r y high e s t r a n k i n I r e l a n d an d ,

a lthough t h e cou r s e of study w as u n u s u a lly s e v e r e a n d e xt e n d e d ov e r ,

a co n s id e r a bl e n u m b e r of y e a rs t h e qu a lifie d po e t s h a d s uch p e culi a r ,

p r ivil e g e s an d w e re s o r ichly e n do w e d tha t t h e p r ofe s s ion h a d sp e ci a l

, ,

a ttr a ctio n s f or a l a r g e n u m b e r of t h e i n h a bit a n t s s o m uch s o th a t a t ,

on e ti m e t h e p r ofe s s io n i s b e li e v e d to h a v e n u m b e r e d on e thous an d
p er s on s ; a n d as th e s e po e t s did n ot wo r k th e y b e c a m e a bu r d e n t o t h e ,

s tate ,
a n d th e i r n u m b e r s e v e n tu a lly h a d t o b e r e duc e d Th e r e w e re .

s e v e n gra d e s or o r d e r s of t h e e duc a t e d po e ts
2
but so m uch h as b e e n ,

p r i n te d re g ar di n g t h e cou rs e pu r s u e d a t a n a tiv e I r i s h coll e g e th a t it is ,

u n n e c e s s a r y to d o m or e th a n s t a te th a t t h e s tudy of t h e s e v e n th y e a r
w a s t h e B r os n a c h of t h e Sa i (or profe s so r ) ; a n d t h e B a r d e s y of t h e

B a r ds ; for th e s e s a y s t h e w r it e r of t h e tr a ct t h e po e t is oblig e d t o
, ,

” 3
k n ow a n d s o th e y a re t h e s tudy of th e s e ve n th y e ar
, .

We h a ve h e re on e of t h e fe w e a rly r e fe r e n c e s t o thos e p er s o n s who

i n I r e l a n d w e r e k n o w n a s b a r d s a n d i n t h e followi n g p a ra gr a ph th e y ,

a r e a g a i n r e fe r r e d t o Du r i n g t h e p e riod B r a e s u s u r p e d th e sov e r e ign ty

.
,

t h e ch r o n icl e r s a y s
“
Th e k n iv e s of t h e p e opl e w e r e n ot g r e a s e d a t h i s
,

t a bl e n or did th e i r b re a th s m e ll of a l e a t t h e b an qu e t Ne ith e r th e i r
,
.

po e ts n or th e ir b a r d s n or th e ir s a ti r i s t s n or th e ir ha rp e r s n or th e i r
, , , ,

p i p e r s n or th e i r t ru m p e t e r s e t c w e r e e v e r s e en e n g age d i n a m u s i n g
, g
,
.
,

th e m a t h i s co ur t ” 4
.

W e r e it n ot for th e A n ci e n t L a ws of I r el an d w e should b e v e r y m uch

i n t h e d a r k a s t o wh a t a b ar d r e a lly w a s ; but a lthough t h e t e r m do e s
'

n ot a pp e a r i n t h e i n d e x to th e s e v a lu a bl e volu m e s fr o m a n e x a m i n a tio n ,

of t h e co n t e n ts of vol iv w e fi n d p 3 6 1 t h e followi n g m o s t i n te re s ti n g
. .
, .
,

“
s ta t e m e n t : A ba r d n ow i s on e w i th ou t l a wf u l l e a r n i n g bu t h i s own
, ,

1
I i h Mi t l y
r s ns re s , v ol . 11. p 38 0 3 O
’ ’
C u r ry s L ct el p
u re s , vo 11. 17 2
M t i l p 2 48
. . .

c tL l d p
. .

2 An 35 4 ’ ’
i en a ws of I re an ,
vol . iv . . 7 . O C u rr y s a e r a s, . .
 THE I R I S H HA R P

i n tel l e c t . I t would a pp e ar f o m thi s th a t

c a pa bl e of p r oduci n g r m en
po e try of con s id e r a bl e e xc e ll e n c e who w e r e e ith e r u n e d u ca te d o r h a d ,

n ot go n e th r ough t h e s a m e s e v e r e cou r s e of s tudy a s t h e p r ofe s s io n a l

po e ts occ a s ion a lly a pp e a re d a n d tha t s uch p e r s o n s w e r e c all e d b ar d s

,
1
, .

Th e po e m s p r oduc e d by s o me of th e s e m a y h a v e b e e n of s u ffici e n t
i m po r ta n c e to fo r m p a r t of t h e cou r s e a t a n I r i s h Coll e g e As a .

b a r d did n ot b e lo n g to t h e p rofe s s io n of po e t h i s d e a th would p a s s ,

'
u n n otic e d s o i n D r O D on ova n s t ra n s l a tion of th e An n al s of th e Fou r
’ ‘

.
,

M a s te rs th e r e i s n ot on e m e n tio n e d wh e r e a s t h e d e m i s e of a g r e a t po e t , ,

a n a tio n a l lo s s i s u s u a lly r e co r d e d Th e s e b a r d s a s th e y w er e n ot
, .
,

p rovid e d for a r e m o r e lik ely to h a v e w a n d e r e d i n to t h e P a l e or th a t

, ,

po r tio n of t h e cou n try i n h a bit e d by t h e E n gli s h or A n glo —I r i s h s o w e ,

n a tu r a lly fi n d s ixt e e n th c e n tu r y w r it e r s s uch a s B ar o n Fi n gl a s c

( , .

Holi n s h e d Sp e n s er (c D e r ri c k e St a n y h u rs t .

a n d C a m d e n (15 n otici n g th e m
( c . 8 .

As t h e cou n t r y c a m e m o r e u n d e r t h e s ubj e ctio n of t h e E n gli s h t h e

po e t s p r ob a bly d e cli n e d f or a ft e r 1550 o n ly th r e e a re m e n tio n e d i n ,

t h e An n a l s Th e r i m e r s b a r d s e t c W ho m t h e E a r l of D e s m o n d w a s
.
, , .
,

di r e ct e d i n 156 3 to p r oce e d a ga i n s t p e r h a p s i n a m e a s u r e r e pl a ce d t h e
8
,

po e ts or a t l e a s t w e re b e tt e r k n own withi n t h e A n glo I r i s h di s tr ict Th e

,
-
.

t e rm b a r d m ay thu s h a v e co m e to b e u s e d to s o m e e xte n t a m o n g s t t h e
A n glo I ri s h i n pl a c e of po e t C e r ta i n ly w e l e a r n th a t wh e n a n i m por ta n t
-
.

1 c
Th e w c ti d f t lv y
o u rs e as on f p pl c ll d b d w h i ch
nue or t th m i t d
we e ea rs o eo e a e ar s, ar e o e ns ea

l i i p 17 2 f p t
.

”
vo o oe s

I h Mi Ry m
.

5 B th B d d H p i p p d
. . . .

2 ll Sh
n e s t ra h s, e rs , ann a s o ar s an ar er s re a re
ri s g
(G l gi t ) m B d
en ea o s s e ar s W h i ch by th i c
"
g e r un ni n art

it h c t ti g t h d i y t i k d ch p l l th g t
.
,

Th i
3 s wr e r, w en D on r as n e or n ar oe s r e an e a re u a e e s es ,

sp k l g g th h t I i h y
o en an ua e Wi Th t W th c m f t
e rue h h t
r s , sa s e i o or at t e ea r .

t g i h p d t ti
oon s s ar d
e fi an th sen
Th B i end H p m ll di
ou s , an o ere e a rr e a n ar er e o e,

g t cc i t q ck p phth g m d p p
rea o as on o ui
U t th m d b g i
a o e s an ro er n o e o e n n e.

a ll i u s on s .Wh f th i c mm j t e re o r e d Th i B d h d th p t
e r o on es ers an s ar e e oe re or

h m th y t m B d i d t d l i ght bl q d
,

i
r tn e rs , w o e er Th ar s , a re s a o e e n o e c on u e st e s o n e.

p i gl i
ass n th th t c c i v th g c d
e e se a A d k i Ri m
on e h e f ” t l g e ra e an n e e n es s e wes ar ) a ar e,

p p i f th t g B t h t I i h i d d
ro
-
e rt e o e oon Th i gl i th by
ut e ru e r s n ee e r or e e re w on n e
”

m ch f m th t th y
.
.

A B d
mm l
'

d fi i h e re t so u ro a e co on i e
i ll
p k th t c i fi h d d th ve
d Ri ar an a in e r s a on e .

c mm J t hm
S ea s, a s a rs e o n e n un re c an ei er

d w t d t d t Th f t Th d m
0
a
6 e” o on es e rs an ri ers , w o

t y t b d d d l i ght p
re a ri e, or un ers an i e re or e i is

p vd m g t p t
.
,

d h m i t i gb e er e ar s , a re s a o e as s n
re s e r e ia f hon c e rte n e o ei r oe s an

ti q i — Ed 158 6 p 12 l p 44 ” W lk f p 107 -
a e r, 110 i e i

h h v t w h m th y c ll B d
an u ar es u. a so . .

h th b d th
.
, ,

“
T i i hm ti h p i T P s, ei r ar er s
7 es e a e
“
oe s , o e a ar s,

d H p
e r r ou rs , e r ar

th t f d t h m wi th m k t —I bi d p 45
a ee e us1 e,
t ”
e a
an ar ers ,
”
e c .

W lk I i h B d pp 13 7 138 139
. . ,
,

Th m g t th I i h c ti k d ’
4 “ 8
i ere s a on s e r s a er a n in a er s r s ar s, .
, , .
8 M U SI CAL I NS T R U M E NT S

con tr ove rsy w a s c ar r i e d on i n 16 04 by t w o di s ti n gu i s h e d po e ts th e ,

di s pute c a m e t o b e k n own a s t h e Co n t e n tio n of t h e B a r d s .

Th e w r ite r s obj e ct i n pl a ci n g th e s e n otic e s b e fore t h e re a de r i s t o

’

s how fi rs tly th a t t h e p r ofe s s io n s of po e t a n d m u s i ci a n w e r e quite di s

, ,

ti n ct s e con dly th a t t h e t e rm b a r d do e s n ot occu r fr e qu e n tly i n I r ish

,

M SS thi r dly th a t wh e n t h e t e rm ba r d is u s e d by E n gli s h an d A n glo

,

I ri s h w r it ers of t h e s ixt e e n th c e n tury it i s s ol e ly with re fe r e n ce t o ,

po e ts r i m e r s or r e cite r s fou r thly th a t h a r d do e s n ot a pp e a r e v e r

'

, , ,

to h a v e b e e n u s e d an d should n ot b e u s e d to i n dica te a h a r p e r or , ,

m u s ici a n u n l e s s t h e p e r son s o d e s ign a t e d w a s al s o a m i n o r po e t or r i m e r

2
,

a t l e a s t wh e n t h e i n dividu a l r e fe rr e d to i s co n n e ct e d with I r e l a n d ; a n d

p e rh a ps w e m ay s ay t h e s a m e of Scotl a n d for M a r ti n i n h i s D e s c r iptio n , ,

o f t h e I s l a n d s of Scotl a n d st a t e s th a t t h e chi e ft a i n s i n t h e I s l e s e a ch ,

” 3
r e tai n e d a phy s ici a n o r a to r po e t b ar d m u s icia n s e t c App a re n tly , , , , ,
.
,

th e n a po e t b a r d a n d m u s ici a n w e r e i n Scotl a n d a s i n I r e l a n d di s ti n ct
, , , , , .

Th e t e r m b a r d s e e m s to h a ve h a d a fa s ci n a tion for w r it e r s W a lk e r 4
.
,

J oy 5
Bu n tin g L a dy M or g a n Wild e Con ra n e t c w e re u n a w a r e of
,
6 7 8
,
9
, , , .
,

t h e m e an i n g a n d a ctu a lly a ppli e d it t o h a r p e r s

, Aga i n i n on e of ou r .
,

l e a di n g e n cyclopae di a s a m i s l e a di n g p a ra g ra ph u n d e r tha t h e a di n g wil l ,

b e fou n d a n d i n a n i n t e r e s ti n g a n d r e c e n tly publi s h e d n ov e l i n which

, ,

m a n y sc e n e s i n I re l a n d a r e d e s c r ib e d a “ ”
b ar d on e of th e l a s t of t h e , ,

h a r p e r s i s s ta t e d t o h a v e pl ay e d t h e w e ll k n ow n m e lody G ouli n upon

,
-

h i s harp Ha r di m a n a n d O C u rry both c a re ful w r it e rs u s e t h e t e rm

.
’

, ,

b a r d t h e fo r m e r fr e e ly but a lwa y s with r e fe r e n c e t o po e ts t h e l a tte r

, , ,

occ as io n a lly p r ob a bly t o a void r e p e tition a n d a l wa ys with r e fe r e n c e t o

, ,

po e t s e xce pt i n on e c a s e wh e n h e quot e s h i s fri e n d D r P e t r i e with

,
0
.
,
1

l p 141 m k d th t b th t h
ct i d i vi d l t
’
1
O ’C u r r y s Le u re s o n M S. w Ma e ri a s , re ar e a o ese n ua s e re

O 27 h J y 1540 g l p d
.

h p d th t t h fi tm t dw l
.

2 t w as
n a n ua r a e n e ra ar on ar e rs , an a e rs en i on e as a so

g t d t O w K y (K
ra n e o ) f C pp m en d h d I t pp
e th t t h t m
n an een an o a er a ri er an ar a e a rs a e er s

c ty f K i ld h p th t i t ch g bl
.

va rg t i th
e n we ou n o a re , ar e r, o er e re n o n er an ea e.

c ll d O K y v t f G ld l t 17 16 p 109
,

W i se a e Ed
wen e n an s er an o era a e 3 u.
, , , . .

E l ar f K ld o th i O K y i (h ) B d
a re , pp 58 13 7 156
o erw s e wen e n an , t e 4 ar s,

th w i O p t
. .
, ,

Ry m ou r , K y o th 5I B
er
ti g c ll 1809 p 3
se we n e n an e oe ,
n un o
th i O K y gh B d ( h
, n , .
, . .

o e rw s e K y
bl i d h d ) d f C l i K y f C pp
wen
I b i d p i ii
e n an , e e e er e t e 6 .
, . .

i h H p
n ar an or or n e us e n an o er
Th L y f I a

g t h p th w i c ll d C li K y
,
7 e a o an r s ar .

R I Ac d my C t l g
a va r e ar er , o er se a e o rn e us e

th w
,
8
n an f O son K y K y gh
o we n e n an e e e, o er i se
. . a e a a o ue.

I i h M i t l y pp 16 2 4
,

C l ( h ) b d (b d )
orn e i u s , P t t R ll 3 2
t e er e ar a en o
9 r s n s re s , .
- .

L ct l i i i p 2 98
.

y V q t d by H di m I t m y b
.

33 H en r I II .
, uo e ar an . a e
1° e u r e s , vo . . . .
 THE I R I S H HA R P

who s e co n tr ibutio n to h i s l e ctu re s h e m a y n ot h a v e co n si d e r e d it

a dvi sa bl e to i n t e r fe re .

Wh e n p r o s e w r it e rs w e r e i n a ccu ra t e w e n e e d n ot b e s u r p r i s e d th a t ,

po e t s w e re m i s t a k e n O n e a n d by n o m e a n s a n u n i m po rt an t on e wrot e
.
, ,

t h e followi n g g ra c e ful li n e s
“
E ki gs th ems elve s h av e mi e d th e b a d s m on g
’
en n x r a ,

Sw e p t t h e b ol d Harp an d cl ai m e d e ow n i n S g
”
, r n on .

Suppos i n g our i n fo rm a tio n to b e co r r e ct h e r e w e h a v e t h e a n ci e n t ki n g s ,

of E r i n t h e p r oud e s t o f t h e p r oud u n i n ten ti on a l ly r e p r e s e n t e d a s

, ,
1

d e g ra di n g th e m s e lv e s by co n s o r ti n g wi t h a n u m be r of u n e duca te d
r i m e r s a n d pl a yi n g upo n th e i r h a r p s a n d s i n gi n g s o n g s f or th e i r e n t e r
, ,

tain men t Thi s i s n ot w r itt e n with a n y wi s h to r idicul e t h e wor k or

.
,

with a n y di s r e s p e ct for t h e m e m o r y of a n I ri s h s chol ar a n d a utho r Th e , .

fi n e li n e s quot e d it m u s t be r e m e m b e r e d h a d a v e r y di ffe r e n t but

, ,

m i s ta k e n m e a n i n g wh e n th e y w e r e p e n n e d but to u s with ou r m o r e ,

e x a ct k n owl e dg e th e y r e p r e s e n t n othi n g e xc e pt wh a t h a s b e e n s t a t e d .

Tu r lough C a r ol a n who will b e h e r e a ft e r n otic e d w a s a ccu s to m e d to

, ,

a p e r iodic a l vi s it s to cou n t r y —
hou s e s a n d i n re tu rn for t h e ho s pit a lity
p y ,

h e r e c e iv e d h e occ a s io n a lly w r ot e li n e s i n p r a i s e of h i s e n t e r t a i n e r s .

Thi s i s e x a ctly wh a t t h e s ixt e e n th c e n tu ry b a r d s a r e k n ow n to h a v e

don e but t h e b a r d s w e r e p a id wh e r e a s C a r ol an a s fa r a s w e k n ow w a s
, , , ,

n ot . Ca r ol a n w a s m uch m o re th a n a m i n o r po e t Th e v er s e s h e w r ot e .

h e s e t to o r igi n a l a n d b e a utiful m e lodi e s a n d s a n g th e m an d a e co m ,

p a n i e d hi m s e lf u po n t h e h a r p H e w as i n fa ct a r e m a r k a bl e m u s ic a l
.

g e n iu s an d fa r m or e c e l e b r a t e d a s a co m po s er th an a s a po e t I t i s
, .

po s s ibl e th a t thi s r a r e co m bi n a tio n of po e t s i n g e r com po s e r an d h a r p , , ,

pl ay e r m a y h a ve l e d to t h e co n fu s e d id e a s r e ga r d i n g t h e m e a n i n g of t h e
t e r m b a r d which t e r m w a s a ppli e d to Ca r ol a n a t a l a t e r p e r iod a n d
, ,

p e rh a p s du r i n g h i s life Howe v e r u n l e s s i m po rta n t con t ra dictory

.
,

e vid e n c e c a n b e p r oduc e d it i s to b e hop e d tha t w r it e rs who m ay i n

,

t h e futu r e t r e a t of t h e a n ci e n t a n d m e di ae v a l p e r iod s of I r i s h hi s to r y
will r e fr a i n fr o m u s i n g t h e t e rm b a r d wh e n r e fe rr i n g to po e ts or h ar p e r s .

K n ow i n g a s w e do t h e di s ti n g u i s h e d po s itio n h e ld by t h e p r ofe s s o r s
1 As l dy t t d v y K i g f I l d
a rea s a e t ti
e er n o r e an w as en er a n him wi th sui a t bl di c e s ou rs e an d c on

by b d l y t h v i th h i m l d v ti ti p
,

l aw ou n a wa s o a e w a or e rs a on .
— K ea n
g, . 2 80 .

w h o w as t b c mp i f th ki g d t
o e a o a n on or e n , an o
10 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

of po e tr y i n I r e l a n d w e m ay con clud e tha t a n oll a m h of po e try duri n g

,

t h e p a l m y d a y s of I r i s h cultu r e w o ul d h a v e b e e n a s m uch i n s ult e d by

b e i n g ca ll e d a b a r d a s t h e fi rs t livi n g s u r g e on would b e w e r e th e t e r m
bo n e s e tt e r a ppli e d to h i m a n d th a t a n oll a m h of m u s i c or a n oll a m h
-
, ,

of h ar p pl ayi n g would ha v e b e e n e qu a lly i n dign a n t h a d t h e t e rm b a r d

-
,

b e e n a ppli e d t o e ithe r of th e m .

P a s s i n g thi s s om e wh a t lo n g dis s e r ta tio n w e r e tu r n t o th e hi s to r ic a l ,

n otic e s of t h e I r i s h Ha r p h a r p e r s a n d oth e r m u s ici an s , , .

HI STO R I C A L NO TI C E S C O NTI NU E D
In th e life of St M u n go
t t d th a t a Ki n g
.
,
or Ke n t i g e r n it i s , s a e

of I re l a n d s e n t a j ocul a tor or j o n gl e u r to t h e cou r t of R od e r ic Ki n g ,

of W a l es This m u s ici an sa n g a n d pl ay e d upo n t h e Ha r p an d T a m bou r

.

b e for e t h e ki n g a n d h i s n obl e s du r i n g t h e Chr istm a s holid a y s a n d s o ,

pl e as e d w a s R od e r ic th a t h e o r d e r e d r ich p r e s e n ts t o b e p r e s e n t e d to
t h e m u s ici a n
1
Ke n t i g e r n liv e d A D 5
. 80 . . .

Full e r i n h i s a ccou n t of th e C r u s a d e co n ducte d by Godfr e y of

,

B oulogn e a t t h e clo s e of t h e e l e v e n th c e n tu ry s ays : Ye a w e m ay

“
, ,

w e ll thi n k th a t a ll t h e co n c e r t of Ch r i s te n do m i n thi s w a r would

h a v e m a d e n o m u s ic if t h e I r i s h Ha rp h a d b e e n w a n ti n g .

Joh a n n e s B r om pto n Abbot of J e r e val i n Yo r k s hi r e who w r ot e , ,

du r i n g th e r e ign of He n r y I I (1154 s t a t e s th a t t h e I r i s h h a d .

two ki n d s of Ha r ps t h e on e bold a n d ra pid t h e oth e r s oft an d , ,

s oothi n g ; fu r th e r th a t t h e I r i s h t a ught i n s e c r e t a n d co mm itt e d th e i r

, ,

l e s s o n s to m e m o ry 3
M Co n r a n giv e s a n e xt r a ct fr o m this wr it e r of
. .

“
which t h e followi n g is a tr a n s l a tio n : An d whil e Scot l a n d d a u ght e r ,

of thi s l a n d u s e s t h e L y r a (Har p ) Ty m p an o an d Chor o a n d Wa l e s

, , , ,

(u s e s ) t h e Cith a r a T r u m p e t s a n d Cho r o t h e I r i s h m ak e m u s ic on two

, , ,

ki n d s of m u s ic a l i n s t r u m e n t s a lthough h e a dlo n g a n d r a pid n e ve rth e l e s s , ,

s w e e t a n d pl e as an t t h e m odul a tio n s (m oduli ) c r i s p an d t h e s m a l l n ot e s

, ,

4
( n ot u li
) i n t ric a t e .

Ca ra doc of L h an c ar van a W e l s h a uthor ity (di e d 0 a ss u r e s u s

, .

1 An t h ol og i a Hi b e r n i c a , t g c ll 18 09
i n Bun i n , o .
, an ly th i ty i t i t i ll f v l
e ar au or h wi g , s s o a ue as s o n

p 15 th t m t i i w h i ch t h i t m t w h ld
e es i a on n e n s ru en as e

ly W by Th m F ll B k v 16 3 9
. .

2
Ho a r, o as u e r, oo ; i 16 3 9
n

y ci t I l d p 339
. .

D Al t on
’ ’
s E A ss a on n en re a n B3
ti g c ll 18 09 15 p 2 d l p 2 3
un n o 0 0 8 an a so

v f F ll ttm tw f m
, .
.

l M i c t p 92
. . .
, , , . .

E en i u er s
’
s a e en t t k
as no a en ro N 4 a t i on a us , n o e, . .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 11

(a cco r di n g to Wy n n e ) tha t th e Ir i s h d e vi s e d al l th e i n s t ru m e n t tun e s

i n u s e a m on g t h e W e l s h 1 .

116 8 . Amh l a e i b h M a c M n a i g h n e or a c h , chi e f O ll a m h of I r e l an d in

2
h ar p pl a yi n g di e d -
,
.

Da vid Powe l l a W e l s h hi s to r i a n (158 4) w h o follow s Ca r a doc s ta t e s

, ,

“
th a t th e r e a r e th r e e s o r ts of m i n s t re l s i n W a l e s Th e s e co n d s o r t .

l a i e rs upo n i n s tr u m e n t s c h i e fe l e t h e Har p an d G r owth who s e

are
p y , ,

m u s i c e f or t h e m o s t p a r t c a m e to W a l e s with G r i ffy t h a p Con an ,

who b e i n g on on e s id e a n I r i s h m a n by h i s m oth e r a n d g ran dm oth e r ,

a n d a l s o bo rn e i n I r e l a n d b r ought ov e r with h i m out of th a t cou n t r i e ,

(c 108 0) div e rs cun n i n g m u s ici a n s i n to W a l e s who d e r iv e d i n a m a n n e r

.
,

a ll t h e i n s t r u m e n t a l m u s i k e th a t n ow i s th e r e u s e d a s a pp e a r e th a s ,

w e ll by t h e book s w ritt e n of t h e s a m e a s a l s o by t h e n a m e s of ,

t h e tu n e s a n d m e a s u r e s u s e d a m o n g s t th e m to thi s d a i e .

Pa s s i n g th e s e br i e f n otice s w e fi n d G i r a l d u s C a m b re n s i s an a c c om ,

l i s h e d e ccl e s i a s tic who u n qu e s tio n a bly h a d a co n s id e r a bl e k n owl e dg e

p
of m u s ic a n d who a ccom p a n i e d P r i n c e Joh n to I re l an d i n 118 5 a n d
, ,

m u s t h a v e h a d fr e qu e n t Oppo r tu n iti e s of h e a r i n g t h e v e ry fi n e s t
p e r fo rm e r s of t h e p e r iod m a ki n g t h e followi n g r e m a rk a bl e s ta t e m e n t s
,

Th e a tte n tio n of thi s p e opl e to m u s ic a l i n s tr u m e n t s I fi n d wo r thy ,

of co m m e n da tion i n which th e i r s kill i s b e yo n d com p a r i s o n s up e r ior

,

to th a t of a n y n a tion I ha v e s e e n 4
F or i n th e s e t h e m odul a tion i s .
,

n ot s low a n d s ol e m n as i n t h e i n s t r u m e n t s of B r it a i n
,
to which w e
a r e a ccu s to m e d but t h e sou n d s a r e r a pid a n d p r e cipit ate y e t a t t h e
, , ,

s a m e ti m e s w e e t a n d pl e a s i n g
,
I t i s won d e r ful how i n s uch p re cipit a t e .
,

r a pidity of t h e fi n g e r s t h e m u s ic a l p r opo r tio n s a r e p r e s e r v e d a n d by

, ,

th e i r a r t fa ultl e s s th r oughout ; i n t h e mi d s t of the ir com plic a te d

m odul a tio n s a n d m o s t i n tr ic a t e a rra n g e m e n t of n ot e s by a r a pidity
, ,

s o s w e e t a r e gul a r ity s o i r r e gul ar a co n co r d s o di s co r d a n t t h e m e lody

, , ,

i s r e n d e r e d h a r m o n iou s a n d p e r fe ct wh e th e r t h e cho r d s of t h e ,

di a t e s s a r o n (th e fou r th ) or di a p e n t e (th e fifth ) a r e s truc k tog e th e r ;

,

y e t th e y a lw a y s b e gi n i n a s oft m ood a n d e n d i n t h e s a m e th a t al l , ,

m ay b e p e r fe ct e d i n t h e s w e e t n e s s of d e liciou s s ou n ds The y e n t e r .

1 C a ra dc
o of t y
L h an c a rv an , Th e H i s or of Wa l e s ,
3 l yd t l ti d ti 1584 B ti g
L o
’
s r an s a on ,
e i on . un n

p 158, W Wy d ti 16 97
n ne s O C
’

y e i on ,
’
u rr
’
s c ll 18 09 p 5
o

B f w i t i g th i cc t G i l d h d
. . . .

ct
.

l i i p 35 t i g c ll 1809 p 6
.
,

Le 4
u re s , v o 3 B i un n o e ore r n s a ou n ra us a

l t v ll d th gh W l E gl d d F c
. . .
, .
, . .
,

2 An n a s. ra e e rou a e s, n an an ra n e.
,
12 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

upon a n d a ga i n l e a v e the i r m odul a tio n s with s o m uch subtl e ty ; a n d t h e

, ,

tin kli n g s of t h e s m a ll s tr i n gs s po r t with s o m uch fr e e do m u n d e r th e

d e e p n ote s of t h e b a s s d e light with s o m uch d e lic a cy an d s ooth e s o
, ,

s oftly th a t t h e e xc e ll e n c e of th e i r a r t s e e m s t o li e i n co n c e a li n g it
, .

C c
on e al e d , i t p l ea ses bu t d e t ec t e d , s h a me s .
’

It to b e ob s e r v e d how e ve r th a t Scotl a n d a n d W a l e s — t h e
is , ,

l a tte r in o r de r to di s s e m i n a te th e a r t ; t h e fo r m e r i n con s e qu e n c e of
, ,

i n te r co u rs e a n d a ffi n i ty — s tr ive with r iva l s kill t o e m ul a t e I r e l an d i n

m u s ic I re l a n d i n de e d e m ploy s a n d d e lights i n two i n s tru m e n ts
.
, , ,

t h e Ha r p a n d t h e T a bo r ; Scotl a n d i n th r e e t h e Ha rp T a bo r a n d , , ,

C r o w t h ; a n d W a l e s i n t h e Ha r p t h e P ip e s an d t h e G r owth Th e , , .

I ri s h p re fe r s tr in gs of b r as s wi re to tho s e m a d e of tho n g s I n t h e .

opi n io n of m a n y a t thi s da y Scotl a n d h a s n ot o n ly e qu a ll e d but , ,

e v e n f ar e xc e l s h e r m i s t r e s s I r e la n d i n m u s ica l skill ; wh e re fo re th e y
, ,

s e e k th e r e a l s o t h e fou n t a i n a s it w e r e of t h e a r t , , .

Th e w r it e r co n s id e r s it d e s i r a bl e t o re p r i n t h e r e a l i te r a l t r a n s l a tion
of a b e a utiful po e m which s hows i n a re m ar k a bl e m a n n e r t h e v a lu e
,

pl a c e d upon t h e Ha r p by tho s e of t h e high e st r an k both i n I r e l a n d

a n d i n Scotl a n d .

A s m a ll b u t s i n gul a rly sw e e t a n d v e ry b e a utiful Ha rp which h a d

b e lo n g e d t o D on n c h a dh C a i r b re ac h O Bri e n who s e fa th e r t h e l a s t Ki n g ’

, ,

of M u n s t e r di e d i n 1194 h a d b e e n by s o m e m e an s r e m ov e d t o Scotl an d
, , ,

a n d M a c C on m idh e po e t to t h e I r i s h chi e f w a s di r e cte d by h i s m a s t e r

, ,

t o e n d e a vou r to r e cov e r it e ith e r a s a fr e e gift or i n e xch a n g e f or a

,

flock of I ri s h s h e e p .

Th e e n voy proc e e d e d on his m i s s io n but fa ili n g t o i n duc e t h e , ,

Scotti s h kin g or ch i e f to r e s to r e O Br i e n s Har p p r oduc e d on his

’ ’

r e tu r n t h e follo w i n g b e a ut i ful li n e s t h e fi r st portion of which m ay b e ,

h i s a dd r e s s to t h e po s s e s s or of t h e h a r p

“
Bri n g un t m o e th e h ar
p of my k i n g,
Un ti l p u on it I forge t m y g ri e f
A m an s g ri e f i s
’
soon b an i s h e d
By t h e n o es of t th t a s we e t -
s ou n din g t r e e.
1

1 In 118 7 G i ra l d u s w ro t e ab t th I i h
ou e r s mi n d s ; it cl e ars th e cl d d c t
ou e ou n en an c e , an d

i ns t ru me n t It n ot a l ttl
i e ex h l t d j ct d
i ara e s e e e re m o v es su
p e r C i li ou s n e s s an d t ty a u s eri .
”
14 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

I f t o m e w ere p e rmi tt e d i n th i e as t ern l an d s

Th e l i fe of th e e ve gre e y e w t r e e r n -
,

Th e n obl e c h i e f of B re d o s h i ll n n
’
,

Hi s h an d h rp I w ou l d k e e p i n rep ir -
a a .

Be l ove d t o m e— i t i s n a u r a f or m e t l
Ar e t h e b eau i fu w ood s of S o t l c tl d an .

h t
T ou g h s ra n ge , I ove d eare r s l ti l l
Th i t f s re e r om t h e w oo ds of Er in n .

In t h e it i s s t a t e d th a t Ae dh (or Hugh ) t h e s on
A n n a ls of L och Cé ,

of D on n s l e b h e O Soc hl a c h a n n
’
vic a r of Cu n g a a profe s s or of si n gi n g a n d , ,

h ar p tu n i n g i n v e n te d a tun in g (or a r ra n g e m e n t ) for hi m s e lf th a t h a d

-
,

n ot b e e n do n e b e fo r e hi m a n d h e w a s a p r ofici e n t i n a ll a r t s both of ,

”
po e tr y a n d e n g ra vi n g an d w r i ti n g a n d of a ll t h e a r ts tha t m an e x e cut e s , ,

di e d i n
12 6 9 Hugh O F i n a g h t y a l e a r n e d m i n str e l di e d
’ 3
. .
, ,

Joh n C l y n n a fr i ar of t h e Co n v e n t of F ri a rs M i n or of K i lk e n n y i n
, ,

h i s A n n a l s of I r e l a n d (c “ ’
re fe r s to C a m us O C ar u i ll a s a fa m ou s
.

p e r fo r m e r on t h e t a bo r a n d a P hoen ix i n e x e cution on t h e h ar p an d so , ,

r e e m i n e n tly di s ti n gui s h e d with h i s s chool of a bout tw e n ty m u s ici a n s

p
-
,

th at though h e could n ot b e ca ll e d t h e i n ve n to r of s tr i n ge d m u s ic a l
,

i n s tr um e n ts h e w a s t h e m a s te r a n d di r e ctor of a ll h i s ow n con te m
,

4 ”
p or ar i e s a n d sup e r io r to a ll h i s p r e d e c e s so r s
, .

132 8 T h e Bl i n d M ac Ca r roll who s e n a m e w as M u l ron y t h e chi e f of

.
, ,

t h e m i n s t r e ls of I r e l an d i n h i s ti m e w as sl a i n
5
, .

13 5 7 D on s l e vy M a c C a rr ol l a n obl e m as t e r of m u s ic a n d m e lody t h e
.
, ,

b e st of h i s ti m e di e d , .
6

13 6 0 Gill a — n a n ae v
. O C on m h a i g h Chi e f P r ofe s s or of M u s ic i n
-
’

Th om on d d i e d 7
, .

136 1 M a g r a th O F i n n a g h t y Chi e f M u s ici a n a n d Tym p a n i s t to t h e

’
.
,

Gi ll M u rr ay di e d
8 9 -
, .

f y t wh m w M K lly Of p O C ill d h i
’ ’
1 Pro E g OC
e s s or u th
en e R u rr o o e are e e v. e oor a ru an s

b i g g th i i t ti g p m t p pi l t h f t m l ch ly Th y t g th
. .

i d bt d f
,

n e e or r n in s n ere s n oe o u s e a e was e an o . e o e er

v li t l w i th th i p t L d B lli gh m w c lly
,

l ght y
i I t i i mp
sa s i bl i s oss e n a se e re e ra e r a ro n , or e n a , ere ru e

t l ti t d yth i g l i k j ti c t th m c d W lk p 12 3
,

ra n s a on o o an n e us e o e as s a re -
a e r, . .

f v d b t f l p th f th i t ch i g l
.

er ou r an eau i
5Au a os o s ou n n n a s.

p m — L ct
oe .
”
l i i pp 2 7 1 2 7 2 2 7 3
e u r e s , vo Ibi d i
6
.

L ct Ibi d
. .

l ii p 26 4
. .
, ,

2 7
OC
’ ’
y urr s e u r es , vo i

l y M t i l p 2 19
. . . . .

3 ’
8
OC
’
A
’
n n a s. OC on n or , u rr s a er a s , . .

C4 b i Eain l i p 3 13 d i t d by
i e ii s s A l
ve rs u s , vo . . .
, e e
9 n n a s.
 THE I R I S H HA R P 15

fo r ti e th y e a r of E dwa rd I I I 136 7 L ion e l Duk e of Cl a r en c e

In t h e .
, , , ,

L or d D e puty h e ld a fa m ou s p a r li a m e n t i n Kilk e n n y wh e n a n a c t w a s
-
,

p a s s e d 0 15of which i s a s follows

,
.
— “
Al s o wh e r e a s t h e I r i s h Ag e n t s
who co m e a m on g s t t h e En gli s h s py out t h e s e c r e t s pl a n s a n d polici e s , , ,

of t h e E n gli s h wh e r e by g r e a t e vil s h a v e oft e n r e s ult e d ; it i s ag r e e d a n d

,

fo r bidd e n th a t a n y I r i s h Ag e n t s th a t i s to s a y pip e rs s tory—t e ll e r s , , ,

1
,

b a bbl e r s r i m e rs m ow e r s n or a n y oth e r I r i s h Ag e n t s ha ll com e am o n gs t

, , ,

t h e E n gli s h a n d th a t n o E n gli s h s h a ll r e c e iv e or m a k e gift to s uch ; a n d

,

tha t h e th a t s h a ll do s o a n d b e a tta i n t e d s h a ll b e t a k e n a n d i m p r i s o n e d
, , , ,

a s w e ll t h e I r i s h Ag e n t s a s t h e E n gli s h who r e c e iv e or giv e th e m a n

y ,

thi n g a n d a fte r th a t th ey s h a ll m a k e fi n e a t t h e Ki n g s will ; a n d t h e

,
’

”
i n s tr u m e n ts of th e i r a g e n cy sh a l l fo r fe it to ou r lo r d t h e Ki n g 2
.

136 9 Joh n M a c Eg a n a n d Gilb e r t O B a r d a n two a cco m pli s h e d you n g

’
.
,

” 4
h a r p e r s of C on m a i c n e f di e d .

Although I r i s h m i n s t r e l s w e r e e xclud e d fr o m t h e P a l e a n e xc e ptio n ,

w a s m a d e i n t h e c a s e of on e i n dividu a l du r i n g 13 7 6 for by l e tt e r s , ,

p a te n t of 2 5t h O ctob e r w e l e a r n th a t a s D o w e n a l d O M ogh an e a n
“
,
’

I r i s h m i n s t re l r e s idi n g a m on g t h e E n gli s h h a d con s t a n tly r e m a i n e d i n th e ,

fe a lty p e a c e a n d ob e di e n c e of t h e Ki n g a n d th a t h e h a d i n flict e d div e r s

, ,

i n j u r i e s on t h e I r i s h e n e m i e s for which r e a s o n h e du rs t n ot a pp r o a ch ,

n e a r th e m it w a s co n clud e d th a t h e m ight co n ti n u a lly r e s id e a m on g t h e

-

E n gli s h a n d th a t th e y m ight r e c e iv e a n d e n t e r t a i n h i m n otwith s t a n di n g

” 5
t h e s t a tut e .

13 7 9 Willi a m t h e s on of Gill a C e a c h M ac C arr oll t h e m os t e m i n en t

.
,
-
,

of t h e I r i s h i n m u s ic di e d G
,
.

Du r i n g t h e fou rt e e n th c e n tu ry Ra n ulf Higd e n co m pil e d h i s Poly

chr on ico n which w a s tr a n s l a t e d by John Tr e vi s a i n 13 8 7 I f Higd e n
,
.

wr ote fro m p e r s o n a l k n owl e dg e a n d n ot a ft e r ha vi n g p e r u s e d t h e M S of ,

.

G i r a l d u s C a m b r e n s i s t h e followi n g s ta t e m e n t cor r o bo ra t e s th a t wr it e r
,

1 h D v i y m i t l —A D i
Si r J o n t t t f K i lk y w
a es savi v d d c fi m d
s,
“
n s re s s s a u es o en n ere re e an on r e

f h St t f I l d p 2 14 d i g t h t th y f H y 1495—1b i d
.

c o ve r i e o t e a e o re a n ur n e en ear o en r V IL , . .
,

Th St t t f K lk y by J m H d m pp 2 16 2 3 5
, , .

2
e a u e o i en n a es ar i an -

pp 55 58 c mm i c t d by G A G C l E q C ty G l w y — O C y L
.
, ,
’
o D un a e o e, s 3 u n n i or e , ou n a a . u rr
’
s ec

g h th d y f H y 1402 L d t l i p
.
, , . . . .

D ur i n t e i r i
ear o en r IV or i i r e s , vo xx x

Th m c t h i c d w pp i t d
. .

l
. .
, ,

o fL as o an A
as er , s s e on s on as a o n e 4 n n a s.

t t f I l d O h i v l h h ld 5 P t t R ll q t d by H d i m St t t
,

L i eu en an o re an n f s arri a e e a a en o uo e ar an a u e o

p li m t h i h g v w l f t t h K lk y
.
, ,

ar a en
“ w
e re n e a e ne i e o e i en n

t t f K lk y D v p 2 2 9 Th l
, .

s a tu es o i A en n .
— a i es, . . e
6
n na s .
16 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

in a r e ma
rk a bl e m an n e r I ri s hm e n b e cu n n in g i n t w o m an n e r i n s tr u
m e n t s of m u s i c i n t h e Har p a n d Ty mb r e th a t i s a r m e d with wire a n d
, ,

str in gs of br a s s i n which i n s tr u m e n t s t h o th e y pl a y h a stil y an d swiftly

, , ,

th e y m a k e right m e r r y h a rm on y a n d m e lody with tho s e tu n e s an d ,

wa rbl e s a n d n ot e s a n d b e gi n with be molle a n d pl a y s e c r e tly u n d e r

, , ,

d i m sou n d u n d e r t h e g r e a t s t r in gs an d tu r n a ga i n un to t h e s a m e s o , ,

th a t t h e gr e a t e r p a r t of t h e c r a ft hid e th t h e c ra ft a s it woud s e e m a s ,

1 ”
though t h e cr a ft s o hid s h ou d b e a s ha m e d if it w e r e t a k e n
, ,
.

Joh n of F or d u n a Scotti s h p r i e s t who vi s it e d I r e l a n d s om e ti m e

,

du r i n g t h e l a tte r e n d of t h e fou r t e e n th c e n tury s ays th a t I r e l a n d w as ,

t h e fou n t a i n of m u s ic i n hi s ti m e fr o m wh e n c e it th e n b e g a n t o flow ,

i n to Scotl a n d an d W a l e s 2
.

About t h e clo s e of t h e fou r t e en th c e n tu ry (13 95) R icha r d H s p e n t a .

con s id e r a bl e ti m e i n I re l a n d Du r i n g th e s tay of thi s m on a r ch i n t h e

.

I r ish ca pita l four n a tiv e ki n gs s ubm itte d to h i m a n d a co mm odious hous e ,

i n D u bli n w a s s e t a p a r t for th e ir e n t e rta i n m e n t He n r y C a s t i de w h o .

,

w as o r d e r e d t o r e s id e with th e m an d i n s tr uct th e m i n t h e u s a g e s of t h e
E n gli s h i n fo r m e d Fr oi s s ar t th a t
, Wh e n th e s e ki n g s w e r e s e a t e d a t
t a bl e an d t h e fi rs t di s h s e rv e d th e y would m a k e th e i r m i n s tr e l s a n d
,

p r i n cip a l s e r v a n ts sit b e sid e th e m a n d e a t fr om th e i r pl a te s an d dr i n k

,

fr om th e i r cup s Th e y told m e thi s w a s a p r a i s e wo r thy cu s tom of

.
,

th e i r cou n t r y wh e r e e v e rythi n g w a s co mm on but t h e b e d I p e rm itt e d

,
.

thi s to b e don e for thre e d ay s ; but on t h e fou r th I o r d e r e d t h e t a bl e s

to b e l a id out a n d cove r e d p r op e rly pl a ci n g t h e fou r ki n g s a t a n upp e r ,

ta bl e t h e m i n s tr e l s a t an oth e r b e lo w a n d t h e s e r van t s low er s til l

, ,
.

The y look e d a t e a ch othe r a n d r e fu s e d t o e a t s a yi n g I h a d d e p r ive d

, ,

th e m of th e ir ol d custo m i n which th e y h a d b e e n br ought up I r e pli e d .

with a s m il e t o a pp e a s e th e m tha t t h e cu s tom w a s n ot d e c e n t n or s uit

, ,

a bl e to th e i r ra n k n or would it b e ho n our a bl e f or th e m to co n ti n u e it ;
,

for tha t n ow th e y s hould con for m to t h e m a n n e r s of t h e En gli s h ; a n d

t o i n s tr uct th e m i n th e s e p a r ticul ar s w a s t h e r e a s on I r e s id e d with
the m h a vi n g b e e n so o r d e r e d by t h e Ki n g of E n gl a n d a n d his cou n cil
,
.

Wh e n th e y h e ar d thi s th e y m a d e n o fu r th e r oppo s ition to wh a t e v e r

I p r opos e d fr o m ha vi n g pl a c e d th ems e lv e s un d e r t h e ob e die n c e of
,

1
t
B un i n g, c ll
o . 18 09, t p
n o e, 4 2 hi t t m t
T s s a e en is by W lk a e r, p 12 1, b u t i s
pp tly t i S
. . .

a a re n no n c o t i c h r on i c o u .
 THE I R I SH HA R P 17

E n gl a n d , con ti n u e d good h u m ou r e dly to p e r s e v e r e i n it a s lon g

an d -

a s I s t a id with th e m
”1
.

I t i s s ta t e d tha t i n 13 95a h ar p e r s a ve d t h e life of Ar t M a c M u rr ogh ,

a n u n co m p r o m i s i n g oppo n e n t of t h e E n gli s h i n t h e follow i n g m a n n e r , .

Th e lo r d s of t h e P a l e in vit e d hi m to a b an qu e t Al l w e r e s e cr e tly a r m e d .
,

whil e M a c M u r r og h n ot s u s p e cti n g t r e a ch e r y w a s o n ly a cco m pan i e d by

, ,

h i s h ar p e r a n d on e a tt e n d a n t Aft e r t h e fe as t t h e m i n s tr e l s e a t e d n e a r
.
,

a wi n do w d e lighte d t h e com p a n y with h i s m u s ic ; but s udd e nl y h e

,

ch a n g e d h i s n ot e s to R os g C a th a or w a r s o n g for which h e w a s r e p r i ,
-
,

m a n d e d by M a c M u r r og h a n d o r d e re d to pl a y o n ly fe s tiv e a ir s
, But t h e .

h a r p e r a g a i n r e s u m e d t h e w a r od e which s u r pr i s e d M a c M u rr ogh who -

, , ,

b e co m in g i n dign an t a t t h e di s ob e di e n c e of h i s h a r p e r a r o s e fr om t h e ,

ta bl e to r e m on s tr a t e with h i m But p e r c e ivi n g th a t t h e hou s e w a s .

s u rr ou n d e d by a r m e d m e n h e b r an di s h e d h i s s wor d a n d cutti n g h i s
, , ,

w a y th r ough t h e s u r r ou n di n g fo r c e s m ou n t e d h i s s t e e d a n d e s ca p e d ,

2
with s a fe ty .

13 96 M a th e w O L u i n i n E r e n a g h of A r d a (F e rm a n a gh ) a m a n of
’
.
, ,

v a r iou s p r ofe s s ion s a n d s kil l e d i n hi s tor y po e tr y m u s ic a n d , , , ,

[ge n e r a l] lit e r a tu r e di e d
3
, .

13 99 Bo e thiu s M a c E g a n a m a n e xt e n s iv e ly s kill e d i n t h e F e n a c h u s
.
,

l a w a n d i n m u s ic a n d who k e pt a c e l e b ra t e d hou s e of ,

4
ho s pita lity di e d ,
.

140 4 Gill a Di n vi n M a c C u r ti n O ll a m h of T
5
.
- h om on d i n M u s ic di e d , , .

By a r oll of t h e thir te e n th y e ar of He n ry V I 143 5 w e l e ar n th a t .

, ,

t h e I r i s h M i m i C l a r s a g h ou r s (h a r p e rs ) Ty m p an ou r s C row t h or e s Ke r
, , , ,

r a h e rs R m ou r s
g y , Sk e l a g h e s B a r d s a n d oth e r s co n t r a ry to t h e s t a tut e
, , , ,

of K i lke n n y w e n t a m o n g t h e E n gli s h a n d e x e r ci s e d th e i r a r t s a n d
,

m i n s tr e l s i e s (m i n s t re l s i a s e t a rt e s s u a s ) a n d th a t th e y a ft e r w a r d s p r o ,

to t h e I r i s h e n e m i e s a n d l e d the m upon t h e ki n g s li e g e
’

c e e de d ,

6
s ubj e ct s .

1490 Fi n n O Ha u g h l u i n n Chi e f Tym p a n i s t of I r e l a n d di e d

’
.
.
, ,

F r o m 1491 w e fi n d i n t h e Accou n t s of t h e L or d High Tr e a s u re r of

Scotl a n d a n u m b e r of i n t e re s ti n g e n t r i e s s howi n g th a t t h e r e ign i n g ,

1 F i
ro ssar t Jh t ol i p 43 1
n es s
’
ran s 5 I bi d
vo v

t ly
. . .

l d q t d by C
.
, .

2 Ta fle ’
s Ir e an uo e o n r an
3
R ot Pa t Ha r di m an ’
s Mins re s ,
v ol . i .
,

l t pp vii i
. .
, ,

3 An n a s n o e, . x . x i x.

Ibi d l
.
,

4 .
7A n n a s.
18 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

s ove r e ig n Ja m e s ,
h i m s e lf a p e r for m e r h a d di r e ct e d p a ym e n ts t o b e ,
-

m a d e to p e r s o n s who h a d p l a y e d upo n t h e C l a r e s c h a w or I r i s h Ha r p In .

Ap r il 150 1 p a ym e n ts w e r e m a d e to Pa t e (P e t e r ) Ha r p e r on t h e C l a r s c h a ,

a n d a l s o to t h e I r e l a n d C l ar e s c h a I t i s m or e tha n p r ob a bl e th a t P a t e .

w a s a l s o a n a tiv e of I r e l a n d ; h e w as a tt a ch e d to t h e cou r t an d i s 1
,

m e n tio n e d i n D e c e m b e r 15 0 1 J an u ar y 15 0 1 2 M a r ch 15 02 Ap r il a n d
,
-
, ,

O ctob e r 1503 J a n u a ry 1503 4 an d Ja n u ary 150 4 5 Upo n t h e l as t

,
-
,
-
.

m e i i t i on e d d a t e h i s s on w h o h a d p r ob a bly pl ay e d b e fo r e t h e ki n g
, ,

for t h e fi r s t ti m e i s a l s o r e fe rr e d to , Aga i n i n M a r ch 1505 Pa te .

,

r e c e iv e d x i i i
j an d i n D e c e m b e r of t h e s a m e y e ar an “
Irlan d
C l a rs c h a ar r e c e iv e d v 5 I n Ap r il P a t e h a rp a r C l a rs c h a a n d h i s s on
”
.

a r e m e n tio n e d P a t e i s a l s o n otic e d i n July 150 5 Nov e m b e r 15

. 06 , ,

M a r ch 15 0 6 7 an d Ap r il Ju n e a n d July 15 Du r i n g 1512 O D on e l ’
-
, 07 , , .
,

a n i m po r t a n t I r i s h chi e f vi s it e d Scotl a n d a n d on h i s d e p a r tu r e
, July , ,

11t h t h e ki n g co m m a n d e d th a t h i s h a r p e r who p r e s u m a bly h a d pl a y e d

, ,

b e fo r e h i m s hould r e c e ive vij l e

,
.

As o n ly a po r tion of t h e re cor d h a s b e e n p r i n t e d t h e w r it e r i s u n a bl e ,

to s t a te wh e th e r I r ish h a rp e r s w e r e a tt a ch e d to or pl ay e d b e fo r e
t h e Scotti s h cou r t du r i n g t h e r e m a i n d e r of t h e s ixt e e n th c e n tu ry ,

b u t it i s i n t e r e s ti n g to fi n d th a t I r i s h m u s ic w a s a pp r e ci a te d by
J a m e s who w a s w e k n o w a ccu s to m e d t o h e a r I ta li a n m i n s tr e l s
, , , ,

L u t e r e r s Fiddl e r s E n gli s h L owl a n d a n d Highl a n d h a r p e r s a n d othe r

, , , , ,

s kill e d m u s ici an s .

P ol y d or e V i r gil w h o r e s id e d i n En gl a n d du r i n g t h e fi r s t h a lf of
,

t h e s ixt e e n th c e n tu ry s t a t e s
“
Tha t t h e I r i s h p r a cti s e m u s ic a n d a r e
, ,

e m i n e n tl
y s kill e d i n it Th e i r p e r fo rm a n c e both voc a l a n d i n s t r u
.
,

m e n ta l i s e xqui s it e ; but s o bold a n d i m p as s io n e d th a t it i s a m a zi n g

, ,

how th e y c a n obs e r ve th e r ul e s of th e i r a r t a mid s t s uch ra pid e volutio n s

of t h e fi n g e r s a n d vib ra tio n s of t h e voic e a n d y e t th e y do obs e rv e th e m
” 2
to p e r fe ction .

I n M aj o r s G r e a t e r B r ita i n publi s h e d i n 15 2 1 it i s sta t e d th a t t h e

’

, ,

I ri s h a n d t h e wild Scot s w e r e p r o e m i n e n t a s p e r fo rm e rs on th e Ha r p -
.

B e for e 153 4 Pa tr ick Fi n gl a s Chi e f B ar o n of t h e E xch e qu e r i n ,

1 It m a y h e r e m ark e d th t P t h p a
“
a e ar er on Cl a r es c h a w is l
a so m e n i on e t d .

th e p
Ha r ” a n d Pa t h p
e th
arCl er on e a r s c h a,
”

b th t C t d th t p
,

“ 2
w e re o re a in ed a t ou r E ,
an a an rs c h e C a m b re n s i s E ve r s u s , vol i . . 3 11 .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 19

I e l a n d wr ot e a
r , of t h e g e tti n g of I r e l an d a n d t h e d e cli n e of t h e
B r e vi a t ,

s a m e i n which h e r e co mm e n d e d
,
“
Tha t n oo I r i s h M i n i s t r al l s Rym e r s , ,

Sh an n ag h s (G e n e a logi s t s ) n e B a r d s b e M e s s i n g e r s to d e s i r e a n y Good s ,

of a n y M a n dw e lli n g w y th i n t h e E n gli s h P a l e upo n P a i n of Fo r fe itu r e ,

of a ll th e r Goods a n d th e i r Body s to be i mp r i s o n e d a t t h e Ki n g s Wil l

,
’
.
” 1

Joh n Good a C a tholic p r i e s t who h a d b e e n e duca te d a t O xfo r d

, ,

an d w a s m a s t e r f or m a n y y e ar s of a s chool a t L i m e r ick i n 15 6 6 w r ot e ,

a d e s c r iptio n of t h e I r i s h i n which h e s a y s Th e y lov e m u s ic m ightily

, ,

a n d of a ll i n s t r u m e n t s ar e p a r ticul a r ly t a k e n with th e Ha r p which ,

b e i n g s t r un g up with b ra s s wi r e a n d b e a t e n with cr ook e d n a il s i s v e r y , ,

m e lodiou s Th e y u s e t h e ba g —pip e i n th e i r w a r i n s t e a d of a t ru m p e t
. .

C a m d e n who publi s h e d i n 158 6 giv es t h e for e goi n g quota tion s fr o m

, ,

Good a n d a l s o m a k e s s o m e s ta t e m e n t s r e ga r di n g t h e I ri s h on h i s
,

ow n a utho r ity on e b e i n g a s foll ow s, The s e g r e a t m e n h a v e lik e wi s e

the ir p ar ticul a r Hi s to r i a n s to ch r o n icl e t h e fa m ou s a ctio n s of th e i r liv e s
,

Ph y s i t i a n s too a n d Po e t s w ho m th e y c a ll B a rd s ; a n d Ha r p e r s who
, , ,

h a v e all of th e m th e ir s e v e r al e s t a t e s a n d po s s e s s io n s a llow e d th em ; a n d
i n e a ch t e r r ito ry th e r e a r e c e r t a i n p a r ticul a r fa mi l i e s for n othi n g e l s e but
th e s e e m ploym e n t s ; for i n s ta n c e on e f or Br e a h a n s a n oth e r for Hi s tor i a n s , , ,

a n d s o for t h e r e s t who t a k e c a r e to i n s t r uct th e i r child r e n a n d r e l a tio n s

,

i n th e ir ow n r e s p e ctive p r ofe s s io n s a n d by th a t m e a n s l e a v e a lw a y s on e ,

2 ”
o r oth e r of t h e s a m e ra c e to s ucc e e d th e m .

V i n c e n t i o G alil e i who s e wo r k on M u s ic w a s p r i n t e d i n 15
,
8 1 w r it e s ,

as follow s — Acco r di n g to D a n t e (bo rn 12 6 5 ) t h e Ha r p w a s b r ought

to I t a ly fr o m I r e l a n d wh e r e th e y a r e e xc e ll e n tly m a d e an d i n g r ea t
“
,

n u m b e r s t h e i n h a bit a n t s of th a t i s l an d h a v i n g p ra cti s e d upo n it f or m a n y

,

a n d m an y a ge s : n a y th e y e v e n pl a c e it i n t h e a r m s of t h e ki n gdo m
, ,

a n d p a i n t it on th e i r publi c buildi n g s an d s t a m p it on th e i r coi n giv i n g , ,

a s t h e r e a s on th e i r b e i n g d e s c e n d e d fr om t h e r oy a l pr ophe t D a vid .
3

Th e Ha r p s which thi s p e opl e u s e a r e co n s id e r a bly l a rg er tha n ou rs ,

a n d h a v e g e n e ra lly t h e s t r i n g s of b r a s s a n d a fe w s t e e l for t h e high e s t ,

n ot e s as i n t h e cl a vicho r d
,
Th e m u s ici a n s who p e r fo rm upon it k e e p
.

1 by W lt H i p 98 F i gl L y K i g i A m 1542 gi v t h m f
Hi b e rn i c a a er a rr s , n as on n -
o - r s, , es e ar s o

C h i f J t c f t h K g B ch i 1534 D vi d K g f I l h p d th
. .
,
“ ”
A
’

w as e us i e o e in s en n a in o s ra e as Z. 3 . ar or , an e

P f c f t h Ki g f I l d A k g td
. , ,

“
re a e. m ar s o e n o r e an z a in sea e on

C md B it th h ld i g c pt c d d
.

2 a en s
’
r an n i a f a r on e a r on t i , o n a s e re , ro w n e an

m k d th t Si D v i d L y d y h bi t d p p
.

’
3
I m y h
t a e re ar e a r a n sa , a e ro e r.
20 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

th e il s of th e i r fin g e rs lon g for m i n g th e m with ca re i n t h e sh a p e

na ,

of t h e quill s which s tr ik e t h e s tr i n gs of t h e s pi n n e t e t c I h a d a fe w , .

m on th s s i n c e (by t h e civility of a n I ri s h g e n tl e m a n ) an oppo r tu n ity

of s e e i n g on e of th e ir Ha r p s e t c
1 ”
.
,

Fr o m Holi n sh e d w h o publi h e d i n
s 15 8 5 w e l ea r n th a t “
Th e i r
, ,

n obl e m e n a n d n obl e m e n s t e n a n t s ,
n ow a n d th e n m a k e a s e t fe a st , ,

which th e y c all co s h e r i n g wh e r e to floc k a ll th e ir r e te i n e r s whom th ey , ,

n a m e follow e r s th e i r r i t h m ou r s th e i r b ar d s th e i r h a r p e rs th a t fe e d
, , ,

th e m with m u s i k e a n d wh e n t h e h a r p e r t w an g e t h or s i n ge th a son g al L ,

t h e co m p an i e m u s t b e whi s t or e l s e h e c h a fe t h lik e a c u t p u rs s e by , ,

” 2
r e a s o n his h a r m o n i e i s n ot h a d i n b e tt e r p r a i s e .

So far a ll tho s e who a r e k n ow n t o h a v e n otic e d t h e I r i s h Ha r p h a v e

,

p r a i s e d t h e i n s t r u m e n t a n d n o fa ult h as b e e n fou n d with t h e p e r fo r m e r s , .

We n ow how e ve r m e e t with a w r it e r— a n a tiv e of I r e l a n d— who i s

, ,

t h e fi r s t a n d i n d e e d t h e o n ly a utho r w h o i s n ot tho r oughly a pp r e ci a tiv e

, , .

Rich ar d St a n y h u r s t d e s c e n d e d fr o m a fa m ily who h a d r e s id e d f or m a n y ,

g e n e ra tion s i n t h e n e ighbou rhood of Dublin w r ot e i n 158 5a s follows ,

Th e h a r p e r u s e s n o pl e ctr u m but s c ra tch e s t h e chor d s with h i s cr ook e d ,

n a il s a n d n e v e r m a r k s t h e flow of h i s pi e c e s to m u s ic a l r hyth m n or t h e
, ,

a cc e n t a n d q u a n tity of t h e n ot e s ; so th a t to t h e r e fin e d e a r s of a n ,

a d e pt it co me s a l m o s t a s offe n s iv e ly a s t h e g ra tin g of a s a w
,
3
Th e .
”

1 h l p g i gi v i B ti g c ll
Th e w o e a ss a e s en n un n
’
s o Dr L y ch
c t t th t i m t f
n ,
who on ra s s e es a e o

f th p f m c f t h h p i th
. .

1809 pp 2 4 2 5 d l g p ti w i ll l b - an a ar e or on a so e G i ld
ra us o e e r or an e o e ar ers w
f d i B ti g c ll 1840 ch p i i i Th th t f St y h y by m
, ,

“
ou n n un n
’
s o a e a o It i
an u rs t , sa s : s n o ea n s

p i i g th t th m m i c h ld b l i h d
.

t t m t g di g t h mb f t i g
.
.
,

s a e en s re ar n e nu er o s r n s are sur r s n a e sa e us s ou e re s e

c on f i b t Si S m l F g
us n cr w v i d tly
u r a ue er u s on as e en by m d d i g bl t th cc d g
so e an sa re e a e o o e rs , a or in to
d h mp i th t t h m b p m th d i fl t k ll t t m c l ci c
,
”
un er t e i r e s s on a e nu er , re s u ei r er e n s i or as e in u si a s en e,

ably 2 9 m ght b f 30 i e a n e r ro r or t
e c. B t p h p th
“
c fli cti g pi
u er f a s e on n o n i on o

c c l d if w
.
,

G i ld d St y h
P 45 Th
2 d i q tdt c t t e re a er s re ues e o on r as
ra u s an t b
t k i t cc t h d ff t ti m i w h i ch
an i i rs can e re on i e e

th i t ct w i th t h t t m t W lk t
. .

a e n o a ou n t e i eren es n

p 08
s ex ra e s a e en in a er, n o e,
th y l i v d I t h d y f G i l d I l d
e e n e a s o ra us re a n w as
. 1 .

no t bd d h I h k i g w i f ll p
su ue ; er ri s n s ere n u os

G 3 ld h
i ra hv hw u s, w o, as we a e s o n ,
w as Se s s IO D f th i p wo d h t e rf j y d o e r, a n t e on e s o o an

abl e p p c t t h m i c d th p f m c
to a re ia e e us an e e r or an e m i th p d m i t d i
r re h m ic
o b d
na e n er us ; ut a sa

o f h h p
t e y th t th v y t
ar ers, s a hi ch s a os e er s ra i n s w ch g f t h w h d c m v h b f
an e or e or s e a o e o er er e o re

a ff d d p d p k bl m t l d l ght t
or ee an uns ea a e en a e i o th et m f St yh t d t h i w h i ch h
i e o an u rs an e a rs er

th h v k i lf lly p t t d i t t h ci th tt d t th h p i v i bly
,

h
os e w o a e s u en e ra e n o e m usi an s en a un e o e ar n ar a

my t i s f th
er es t f tig h th g t fy
o e ar a u e ra t er an ra i b i eath c ti t f d
e a er t St y
a n on e o sa n es s , e c. an

f th g d t p c iv d h t t ck m v i di ct d g i t d
,

’
th e e a rs o wh o er s , o se ei n o no er e e an u rs s a ta or e o e r, s re e a a ns ru e

h i g d t d t d d by h m t h h p b t t g i t t h i t m t i t lf
,

e ar n o no un e rs a n ; an w o e ar ers , u no a a ns e n s ru en se ;
fi t m i t m d b tt th c f d
n es u Si c s es e e e n o e er an a on use an d I l d i t th ly c t y i f t d by
re a n s no e on ou n r n es e

d d d ly i d W ll b h d W tl th d p f m — C mb i E ”
an i s or er n o se , an i e ear i i e se ru e e r or e rs a re n s s ve r s i i s ,

i ll g d d g t dt pp 3 13 3 15
.

” ’
u n w i n B h
n e s s an is us .
-
o n s e i i on . vo l . 1
. .
-
.
22 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

ge n e ra lly a n d you sh a ll fi n d but v e r y fe w of th e i r g e n t ry e ithe r m a n or

, ,

wo m a n but c an pl a y on t h e h a r p a l s oe you s h a ll n ot fi n d a hous e of a n y

,

a cco u n t without on e or t w o of tho s e i n s t ru m e n t s an d th e y a l wa y s k e e p

, ,

a h a rp e r to pl a y f or th e m a t th e ir m e a l e s a n d a ll oth e r t i m e s a s oft e n , ,

a s th e y h a v e a d e s i r e to r e cr e a t e th e m s e lv e s or oth e r s which co m e s t o ,

”
th e i r hou s e s th e e with
r
1
,
.

M d e l a Boull a y e L e G ou z w h o t ra v e ll e d i n Ir e l an d du r i n g 16 44
.
, ,

s t a t e s th a t t h e i n h a bit a n t s a r e fo n d of t h e h a r p upo n which n e a r ly a ll ,

pl a y a s t h e E n gli s h do upon t h e fiddl e t h e Scotch upo n t h e ba gpip e e t c

, , ,
.

Th e y m ar ch to ba ttl e with t h e ba gpip e s i n s t e a d of fi fe s but the y ha v e

fe w d r u m s .

Dr K e a ti n g th e hi s tor i an who i s s uppo s e d t o h a v e di e d b e fo r e 16 44

.
, , ,

wr ot e s om e fi n e li n e s i n p r a i s e of h i s h a r p e r In thi s po e m h e a s k s Who .
,

i s it th at pl ay s t h e e n ch an tin g m u s ic th a t di s p e l s a ll t h e ill s th a t m a n
i s h e i r to ? a n d thus a n sw e r s t h e qu e r y

Tadh g O Cob th a i gh of th e b e au t eou s for m

’
,

Th e ch i e f b eg u i l er of w ome n ,

Th e i n t e ll ig e n t c on c or d a n c e of a l l d iffi c u l t t u n es ,

Th e th ri l l of m u s i c an d of h arm on y ”8
.

Nichol a s P i e r c e w h o liv e d p r e vious to 16 40 a lthough bli n d i s s t a te d

, ,

to h av e b e e n n ot o n ly t h e firs t m a s t e r of t h e i n s trum e n t of h i s ti m e but ,

4
a co m po s e r of l a m e n t a tio n s e t c , .

Th e followi n g e xtra cts a r e of i n te r e s t a s s howi n g tha t t h e I r i s h

Ha r p w a s occas ion al ly to b e h e a r d i n E n gl a n d a n d h o w e xtre m e ly ,

di ffi cult it w a s to b e com e a m a st e r of t h e i n s trum e n t Joh n E v e ly n .

w a s com p e t e n t to giv e a n opi n io n ; h e h a d t a k e n l e ss o n s u po n t h e

Th e orbo an d L ut e w a s fo n d of m u s ic a n d n otic e s som e of t h e fi n e s t

, ,

p e r fo r m e r s on t h e W e l s h Ha rp V ioli n L ut e e t c of his ti m e ; h i s , , , .
,

s t a t e m e n ts th e r e fo r e re ga rdi n g t h e m e r it s of th e I r i s h Ha r p n o lon g e r
, , ,

t o b e h e ar d a r e of v a lu e ,

16 53 - 4, 2 ot h Ja n u a ry — Com e to s ee my old a cqu a i n tan c e an d th e

1
I i h Mi t l y
r s n s re s by J a me s Har di m an V0 1i h i t t d by T M
T is s i t t
s a e oor e , n a no e o
“
Th e
p
, ,

L g cy h v b w i tt by O H l l
.

. 18 3 .
e t a
”
o a e ee n r en
’
a or a n
k t l ti I i h P y Th i t h f i l d t v i fy t h q t ti
, .

2 ’
C I O f t OD
‘
Or o er e ra n s a on , r s en n e wr er as a e o er e uo a on .

J ou rn a lp 5 I , :
“
n e v y h th w
er ou s e e re as on e or
L ct l i i i p 2 15
h p f l l t v ll
3 ’ ’
O C y u rr s e u r e s , vo
two th
. . .

wh
.
ar t s re e o a ra we e rs , o e re e

m or e c d th
ar ess e e m oreth y c l l d i m
e ex e e n us ic .
”
I bi d pp 2 6 3 4
4 .
, .
- .
 THE I R I S H HA R P

m os t i n com p a ra bl e pl a y e r on t h e I r i s h har p M r Cl a r k a ft e r h i s tra v e l s , .

, .

He w a s a n e xc e ll e n t m u s ici a n a di s c r e e t ge n tle ma n bo r n i n D e von s hi re , ,

(as I r e m e m b e r ) Such m u s ic b e fo r e or s i n c e d i d I n e v e r h e ar th a t
.
,

i n s tr u m e n t b e i n g n e gl e ct e d for i t s e xtr a or di n a r y di fficulty but i n m y

j udgm e n t far s up e r ior to t h e lut e it s e lf or wh a t e v e r s p e a k s with ,

1 ”
s tr i n g s .

16 6 8 17 th Nov e m b e r — Wh e n di n i n g a t th e G r oo m Po r t e r s I
,
.
,

h e a r d Si r E dwa r d Sutto n pl ay e xce ll e n tly on th e I ri s h h a r p ; h e p e r

fo r m s g en te e lly but n ot a pp r o a chi n g m y wor thy fri e n d M r Cl a r k a
, ,
.
,

g e n tl e m a n of No r thu m b e rl a n d who m a k e s it e x e cut e lut e viol a n d , , ,

a ll t h e h a r m o n y a n i n s t r u m e n t i s c a p a bl e of : pity it i s th a t it i s n ot

m or e i n u s e ; but i n d e e d to pl a y w e ll t a k e s up t h e whol e m a n a s M r ,
.

Cl a r k h a s a s s u re d m e who though a ge n tl e m an of qu a lity a n d p ar ts , , ,

w a s y e t b r ought up to th a t i n s tr u m e n t fr o m fi ve y e a r s old as I r e m e m b e r ,

” 2
h e tol d m e .

I t h a s b e e n s ta te d th a t wh e n lis ts w e re m a d e of t h e e ffe ct s or
“

p r op e r ty of t h e p r os c r ib e d a dh e re n ts of J a m e s I I it w a s fou n d th a t n e a r ly .
,

al l ,e v e n t h e A n glo No r m a n fa m ili e s of t h e P a l e pos s e s s e d on e I r i s h

-
,

” a
h arp e .

c e s to th e I r i s h Har p or I r i s h h a r p e rs
‘

As m o s t f of the
'

re eren ,

down to t h e s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu r y h a v e n ow b e e n n otic e d a n d it h as , ,

n ot b e e n co n s id e r e d n e c e s s a r y to r e fe r to t h e i n te r e s ti n g a ccou n t of
n ot e d h ar p e r s who liv e d du r i n g t h e s e v e n t e e n th a n d e ight e e n th c e n

t u r i e s p r i n t e d by Bu n ti n g i n h i s coll 18 40 fu r th e r th a n h e r e a ft e r
, .
,

t o n otic e s uch p a ra gr a ph s as d e s cr ib e th e i r m e thod s of pl a yi n g thi s ,

po r tio n of t h e ch a pt e r m a y clo s e with t h e followi n g co m pli m e n tar y

s t a t e m e n t by Cou n t Hog h e n s k i :
“
L e s Irl a n d oi s s o n t e n t r e tou s l e s
p e upl e s c e ux qui p a s s e n t pou r j ou e r l e m i e ux de c e t i n s tr u m e n t .

A r ticl e Ha r p i n th e E n cyclop é d ie 4 ’
.

1 Di ar y
p 300 v ol i . f l d I t i p i bl th m y h v
b u t h as ai e s os s e e re a a e

Ibi d l i i p 39 b t t m t i l tt b t l i t i
, . . .

2 vo een m so e s a e en n a e e r, u n o s s

N ti
.

l M i c p 2 14 Th w i t l k ly t h v b m d
.
, . .
.

3 C on r a n s
’
a on a us e r er i e o a e een a e

m d v y ff t t v fy th t t m t W lk t p 12 2 M C p 17 4
.
, .

h as a e e er e or o e ri is s a e en
4 a e r, n o e, . . on r a n .
,
. .
,
24 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

R EP R E SE NTA T IO NS ,
M E TA L , STO NE , E TC .

Th e e a r li e s t r e p re s e n ta tio n of th e I r i s h Har p i n m e t a l a pp e a rs upon

t h e s h r i n e of St M oe d oc ci r c a e l e v e n th c e n tu r y p r e s er v e d i n t h e Dubli n
.
, ,

M us e um Th e Ha r p which i s of s m all s iz e r e s ts upo n t h e k n e e s of t h e

.
, ,

p e r form e r a n d a g a i n s t h i s l e ft s hould e r Th e n u m b e r of str i n gs i s of

, .

littl e con s e qu e n c e ; t h e i m por t a n t poi n t i s th a t it i s a n i n str u m e n t (t o

pl a y upon which both h a n d s a re r e qu i r e d t h e l e ft for t h e tre bl e an d , ,

t h e r ight f or t h e b a s s ) a n d so a ccu r a t e is t h e r e p r e s e n t a tio n th a t t h e

, ,

m a n n e r of pl a yi n g tha t i s by pullin g t h e s t r i n g s by t h e n a il s i s cl e a r ly
, ,

r e pr e s e n te d Th e Ha rp h a s a cu r ve d for e p i ll a r which e xp an ds on t h e
.
-
,

oute r s id e a t a s hor t di s ta n ce fr om t h e upp e r t e r m i n a tio n a n d a l s o fr o m

, ,

t h e low e r e n d
1
Th e b a ck of t h e box is cur ve d i n wa r d s a n d u po n t h e
.
2
,

s id e a r e i n d e n t s As th e s e do n ot a pp e a r upon oth e r po r tio n s of t h e pl a t e

.
,

“
the y m a y h e i n t e n d e d to r e p r e s e n t th e d e cor a tion of t h e i n st r u m e n t .

An oth e r r e p r e s e n t a tio n occu r s upo n t h e s h r i n e of St P a tr ick s Tooth

’
.
,

13 5 0 a l s o p r e s e r v e d i n t h e Dubli n M u s e u m
,
He re th e Ha r p which i s .
,

co n s id e ra bly l ar g e r h a s twe n ty thr e e str i n g s I t i s pl a c e d a ga in s t t h e

,
-
.

l e ft a r m an d r e s ts n e ith e r upon t h e k n e e s n or upo n t h e grou n d but is

, ,

a pp a r e n tly s u s p e n d e d by a s t r a p which how e v e r is n ot re pr e s e n t e d , , ,

.

Th e fin g e r s of t h e l e ft h a n d of t h e p e r form e r a r e s hown a s pullin g t h e

tr e bl e s tr i n g s tho s e of t h e r ight t h e b a s s s tr i n g s Th e re i s n o d e cora tion
, .

4
upo n t h e i n s tru m e n t ; t h e for e p ill a r i s curv e d -
.

Th e r e p r e se n t a tio n s of t h e I r i s h Ha rp upon s ton e ar e of i n t e r e s t but ,

n ot of t h e s a m e i m port a n c e t h e co a rs e n e s s of t h e m a t e r i a l a n d n a tu ra l ,

d e ca y r e n d e r i n g th e m m o r e or l e s s i n disti n ct Th e y m ay how e v e r b e .
, ,

s e e n a t Ul l a r d South E a s t C r o s s M o n a s t e r boic e Du rr ow C a s tl e D e r m ot
, , , ,

5
C l on m a c n oi s a n d K e ll s .

1
h
T is is l i t p t ti f w h t P l ch é f m
th e ea r es re c py f G i l d C m
re s en a on o a an ro a MS o o ra us a

t d b t h d f t h t w lfth
.
,

m y b t m d t h T f m ti
a e er e f f pi ll e b i ill mi or a on o or e - ar to re n s s , u na e a ou t e en o e e

b h
e ft f d t
e re a e r re e r r e c t y o. en ur

t i g i l] 18 40 p 3 9 g i v dc t
.

4
2 Th t i t d bt h d H p f m d b t b d th t th w h h d t th i g l
e ar s n o
B
ou a a
w
ar so or e
un n , n co . , .
, es a oo u ,

b f h i m Thi c v t lth gh
e ore . s l i w l d pp t h p f m t b k li g i
ur a u re , a ou u n u su a s
u so a a os e o a no s een e or i n a

k w Th b ck f t h b f t h H p pl c f tt g
,
ou su os e e e r or er o e n ee n n
no t un no n. e a o e ox o e ar

B lf t M m t b h ft f d 5 C mm i c t d by J R mi lly All E q a e o Si in .

in th e e as u se u o e e re a er re e rre

l i ghtly c v d
,
o un a e . o en , s

H p p t d th k
to, i s s ur e
l i
.
f ar s a re re re s en e on e n e es o ecc es

ti c v l f ci t t c
,

3 I t h ld b s outi c d th t m ll ci cl
e no e a s f a r es are as a, on se era o ou r an en s on e ros se s , o

re p t d t h I i h H p il l t t d i th i ghth i th d t th c t i — P t i
re s e n e on e r s ar as u s ra e n e e n n , an en en ur e s .
”
e r e,

by J R i B ti g c ll 1840 p 42
,

Hi t y f B i t i h C t m
,

th e s or o r s os u e, . . n un n , o . , . .
li t t le M am ; the i mp err m at
p
-
eat ia in th an it a an i n s t ru rr

ri ght an d
WW the e fima u i sl t tocn t
“

t he for t he ba ss ), I. f M
‘

s o ,

m a nn er of play i n g ; tha t is b y {t e l l i ng $1 t h i n g s by w as wi th . is

sid e a re i n d en ts As th e s e do n ot a pp
. o
p “ p ea r en in ! o rt sa]! t ai t

t h e y m ay he i n t e n d e d to r e pr e s e n t the 423 m m d the man man

,
:

An oth e r re pre s e n ta tio n occurs u p on 2b m « fit PM ri c h

.
i .

13 5 l i n M ns w m i m fi ne Han
0 a lso p r e se rve d i n t h e D
,
* . .

e n ty

l e ft arm an d re sts n e ith e r upon t h e kne e s i a w e l i ar W i n s

,
. »

a pp a r e n tly su s p e n d e d b y a str a p w hi ch lawwa s“

, , an ap t rop e “

Th e fi n g e rs of t h e l e ft h a n d of t h e p e r form e r m
1 m 4 m m a t p a l

tre bl e strin g s thos e of t h e right t h e bas s s t ri p ” M e as n o do

,

on t h e i n stru me n t ; t he fore pilla r i s curv e d

‘
- .

ii-
Th e e r p re se n ta ti o n s o f t h e I rish H a rp upo n s w e e m if i w “
 HA R P J E R P O I NT AB B E Y . KI L K E NN Y .

HI E F
E F F IG Y O F AN I R IS H C
R E C UM B A NT
Y KI L K E NNY
WIT H HA R P E R P O I NT A B B E
.

A . J
 THE I R I SH H A R P 25

P e rh a p s t h e l a te s t r e p r e s e n ta tion of t h e Ha r p i n ston e i s th a t which

a pp e a rs upo n a m o n u m e n t i n J e r p oi n t Abb e y Kilk e n n y , .

Thi s pi e ce of s culptu r e i s m o s t i n t e re s ti n g Th e s culpto r u n qu e s .

t i on a bl y h a d a Ha r p (p r ob a bly th a t which h a d b e lo n g e d to t h e chi e f)

b e for e h im which h e fou n d it d e s i ra bl e to r e p r oduc e on a m uch
r e duc e d s c a l e a s a full s iz e r e p r e s e n t a tio n would h a v e i n t e r fe r e d with
1
,

t h e d e s ig n Th e Har p i s pl a c e d upo n t h e b a ck of t h e box a s w a s n o

.
,

doubt u s u a l wh e n n ot i n u s e a n d r e s t s b e s id e t h e r ight thigh of t h e ,

r e cu m b e n t e ffi gy Th e i n s tr u m e n t h a s a s om e wh a t d e p r e s s e d for m ;
.

th a t i s fr om t h e ba ck of t h e box to t h e upp e r por tion of t h e fo re

,

a r m t h e m e as u r e m e n t i s n ot s o gr e a t a s upo n t h e e xi s ti n g s p e ci m e n s ;

t h e fo r e pill a r i n fa ct s ca r c e ly r i s e s a bove t h e e ffigy

-
,
Th e box which
, .
,

i s a t r u n c a t e d t r i a n gl e i n fo r m h a s t h e p r oj e cti n g block a t t h e low e r e n d ,

a n d t h e r a i s e d s t r i n g hol e b a n d which t e r m i n a t e s upo n e ith e r s id e a t ,

t h e upp e r e n d i n s e m ici r cul a r cu r v e s At t h e low e r e xtre m ity thi s .

ra i s e d po r tio n i s c ar r i e d r ou n d t h e fo re p i ll ar wh e r e it j oi n s t h e p r o -
,

j e c t i n g block Th e s ou n di n g bo a r d i s fla t a n d the re a r e n o s ou n d
.
-
,

hol e s Th e fo re pil l a r i s cu r v e d a n d h a s t h e T fo r m a tio n which

.
-
,

2
comme n c e s a t a g r e a te r d i sta n c e th an i s u s u a l fr o m e ith e r e xtr e m ity .

Th e ha rm on ic cu r v e h a s n o hu m p a n d if it e ve r p r oj e ct e d b e yon d t h e ,

j u n ctio n w ith t h e fo r e pill a r th a t por tion h a s b e e n br ok e n off or h a s -

,

d e caye d Th e m e t a l ba n d for t h e p e gs i s r e p r e s en t e d a n d fo r m s a s in gl e
.
,

cu r ve Th e s to n e i s m uch d e c ay e d a n d th e r e i s n ot a v es tig e of d e cor a tio n

.
,
.

Th e Har p e xc e ptin g th a t it h a s n ot th e hu m p on t h e har m on ic cur v e

, ,

r e s e m bl e s t h e L a m o n t Ha r p i n t h e Na tio n a l M u s e u m a t E di n bur gh ;

Th e e ffi gi e s p r ob a bly b e lo n g to t h e e a r ly po r tion of t h e fift e e n th

ce n tu r y A po r tion of t h e i n s cr iptio n r e m a i n s a n d fr om it w e g a th e r
.
,
’
th a t t h e m a l e figu r e w as in t e n d e d to r e pr e s e n t Willi a m O B a n a h an .

Th e p a n e l s which n ow s uppo r t t h e e ffig i e s b e lo n g to two p e r iod s l a t e ,

3
fifte e n th an d s ixt e e n th c e n tur i e s .

I n t h e I m a ge of I r e l a n d by John D e r r i c k e 15 8 1 th e r e i s a pl a te , , , ,

1 t E t m l gth 1 ft 12 i
M e a su r e m e n m t bl g i gly v i i t d J
: x p i t f
re th p
e p en n ; os o i n s e er o n or e ur o se

f m b ck f b t h i gh t p i t 6 i ch g th m m t d d ci ph g th
. .
,

ro a o ox f o mi es o n , n es o e xa ni n e on u en an e e ri n e

Th i f lty c t cti i t b f d p c i pt i
.

2 s au i on s r u on s o e ou n u on n s r on .

th L m
e tH p
a on ar Th l t M G g V D N y w h ti c e a e r. e or e u o e r, o n o es

th p ti c l th w i t i i d bt d t h m m t d gi v i ll t t i
. .

3
F or e se ar u a rs f the r er s n e e e on u en an es an u s ra on o e

R ch d L h E q d h H p pp t h m t b O H b h ’
to i
g ar an ri s e s . an t e ar , su os e s e na e o e a ra an

t c id bl t bl C m m c t d by T H L g fi l d E q
, , .

R evC . Hw wh
a n on e s on , o a on s era e r ou e o un i a e . . on e , s .

D
26 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NTS

re p r e s en ti n g an I ri s h Chi e f a n d oth er s s e a t e d upo n t h e g r ou n d a t m e a t

, ,
.

”
A ba r d is r e citi n g or s i n gi n g whil e a m i n s tr e l pl a y s upon a l ar ge
, ,

Har p Th e i llu s tra tio n i s r ud e a n d gr ote s qu e but i s i n t e r e s ti n g (Se e

.
,
.

p . Th e ha r p e r i s a l s o s e a te d on t h e g r ou n d a n d pull s t h e st ri n gs with ,

(Se e F ig I )
l
h i s fi n g e r n a il s which a r e lo n g a n d s o m e wh a t crook e d
-
,
. . .

FIG . 1. FIG . 11
.

Pr et o r ius publi s h e d h i s wor k on M u s ic a l I n s tr u m e n ts a t

, who
Wolffe n b i i tt el i n 16 19 give s a r e p re s e n t a tion of a n I r i s h Har p Th e
,
.

a r ti s t who wo r k e d for h i m n e gl e ct e d t o r e v e r s e h i s d r a wi n g but thi s ,

d e fe ct h a s be e n r e m e di e d i n t h e r e pr oductio n Th e p e culi a r p e a k .

which i s s how n upo n t h e upp e r por tion of t h e h a r m on ic cur v e quit e ,

u n lik e t h e Scotch hu m p i s e x a ctly s i m il a r to th a t which occu r s upon t h e

,

C a s tl e O tw a y a n d t h e O F fog e rty Ha r p s Th e m e t a l b a n d th r ough which

’
.

t h e p e g s p a s s h a s a doubl e cu r v e a for m which i s s c a r c e ly t ra c e a bl e upo n ,

I ri s h or Highl a n d Ha r ps Th e s ou n din g boa r d i s con v e x as d e s c r ibe d

2
.
-
,

1
h i i c v ti l d w i g Th ti t Th g v v d th d
T s s a on en on a ra n e ar s e en ra er re ers e e r a w in
g, so th e ti tar s
’
s

c t ly h d t H p b f h i m d h di d k i p p ly p t d
.

e r ai n a no a ar e or e an e w or s ro er re re se n e

K i ld H p th
.

t k th t t h H p h ld b t g p v y l ght
,

2 is
n o n ow a O
e th ar s ou e s ru n u on n e a re ar e re a er s i

th l ft i d
e e d h ld g
s t t h l ft h ld
e an d w d c v t h t bl
e a ai n s e e s ou er . o n war ur e a t e re e e n d of t h b
e d an .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 27

by B a co n a s occu rr i n g upo n I r is h Ha r p s i n h i s ti m e Th e cu rv e d fo r e .
1

pill a r h a s t h e T fo r m a tio n ; t h e m e ta l ba n d s a tta chi n g it to t h e h a rm on ic

cu r ve a re s hown Th e Ha r p h a s fo rty thr e e s t r i n gs (Se e Fig .
-
. .

In t h e P a r li a m e n t a ry G a z e tt e e r th e r e i s a colou r e d r e p r e s e n t a tio n of
t h e A r m s of I r e l a n d with a c e r tific a t e d a t e d t h e 5 t h M a r ch 18 44 by , ,

Si r Wil li a m B e th a m th e n Ul s te r Ki n g a t A r m s i n which h e s ta t e s th a t ,
- -
,

t h e A rm s t h e r e s how n a pp e a r i n a m an u s c r ipt volu m e i n h i s o ffic e of

t h e r e ig n of Ki n g He n r y VIII or th e r e a bout s Th e Ha r p i s of t h e . .

C e ltic fo r m with a lion s h e a d a t t h e j u n ction of t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e a n d ’

fo r e pill a r-
Th e Ha r p m a y b e s e e n upon t h e coi n s of He n ry VII I a l s o
.
2
.
,

upon t h e A rm s of I r e l a n d which a pp e a r upo n a m a p an d t h e ,

Se a l of t h e Cus to m s a n d Po r t of C a rr ickfe r gu s It i s a ls o ,

re p r e s e n t e d upo n t h e A r m s of t h e B o r ough o f B e ltu rb e t ,

D ES R P T C I IO N A ND C O NSTR U C TIO N
Th e I r i s h a r e k n own to ha v e po s se s s e d a t l e a s t two ki n d s of Ha rp .

Th e s m a ll e r w e r e u s e d by church m e n t h e l a rge r by h a r p e r s
6
So m e , .

o f t h e Ha r p s a r e s uppo s e d to h a v e h a d two r ow s of s t r i n g s If s o
7
,
.

t h e fo r m w a s a b an do n e d ; f or with t h e e xc e ptio n of t h e D a l w a y Ha r p , ,

which h a s a s e co n d r ow of s e v e n th er e i s n o i n s tr um e n t e xt a n t with m o r e ,

th a n on e r ow of st r i n g s In fa ct a s t h e Ha r p w a s s tr u n g w i th b r a s s .
,

wi re i n t h e b a s s a n d thi n s t e e l wi r e i n t h e tr e bl e t h e t e n s io n of two
, ,

A I i h H p h th p
1 n i b th i d
r s t m t m t p b bly H p w i
ar a i o en a r on o s es s ru en os ro a a ar as n u se n

t g d t h th t h c c v b lly I l d O cc bb t c i d
, ,

of th e s ri n s : an i a e on a e or e re an n on e o a s i on an a o arr e on e

l g th t i g b t t th d f t h f th g i dl f m Cl t C h l
.

n ot a on e t hi
s r n s, u a e en o e o e se a s r e ro ar e o as e

t g — Sylv Sy l m B c L ct l i i pp 2 6 2 2 6 3 3 3 3
.

’ ’
Sp d d i g O C ’
s ri n s ya va r u a on e n s u rr s e u res , vo i

l i pp 146 2 2 3 C mm c t d by E S m c t i l t H p i th i ght t i g
. . . .
, , .

ed vo i -
o u ni a e o e en u r es a er ar s w e s r n s w e re
Al b t t d p m f th ci t c lpt d
, . . . .

a E q
a s e r, s p re res en e u on so e o e an en s u u re

p t ti f t h A m d C t t i Sc tl d
.

2
A re res e n a on o e r s an r es s on e s n o an

B h p d Abb t
.

app d i t h E i g T l g ph D bl
e a re n e d h ly m
ve n n i I l d e e ra u in is o s an o s an o en n re an

2 3 d S pt m b th h b t f c y i g t h i h p W th th m
, ,

r 18 99
e e w er e re i n e a i o a rr n e r ar s i e

3
St t P p a ef H yV l ii I c a i th p g i ti
e rs o d f d p i d li ght
en r I II vo n or n ei r er e r n a on s , an ou n ou s e

p t d i B t g c ll 18 40 pl y i g p th m I c q c f th i
.
.
, .

’
rec t ly re re se n i e n un in s o n a n u on e n on s e uen e o s,

Fig d h Ul t J l f A h m l g y St K vi h p h ld i g t v c by
. . .

4 u re i n t e s er ou r n a o rc o o e n s
’
ar w as e n rea re e re n e

p 42 Th p h p h ly p t t h t v d t th i d y i c d d vl
.
,

vo l 1. i s is er a s t e on re re s e n a e n a i e s , an o s a s on s i e re a a u

t f H p i I l d i th d ti ct h m p bl l c p d f g t vi t
. . .

i on o a ar n re an —G l dw a i s n
“
u
”
a e re i os s e s s e o re a r u es
”
i ra us

g v m y h v C mb i B h d ti p 12 8 St K m
, .

th h m ic c v Th
’
on e ar on ur e e en ra er a a e a re n s s , o u s e i on . ev

g v d (C m g ) d d 3 d J 6 18 d G i l d
. .

b Sc tch h m t i m y h v b
.
,

een o or t e a r x a a e e en e n ra e oe en ie r une an ra us

Sc tl d Th f m i a l V t d I l d i 118 5 i t i p i bl th t th
, ,

i n o an f w e or s , as ar as e c n e a rn , i si e re a n n so s os s e a e

t t m t m y b c ct
,

p c l i t t h H ghl d
.

e u ar o e i an s s a e en a e or r e

5 Ibi d p l l l Th i B t g pi t
. .

l l 1809
’
7 is s un in s o n i on see ce . n o e,
,

pp 3 2 3 2 4
.
,

ly 8 45 p t bl i ght t i g d i
.
.
,

0A s ear as a or a e e -
s r n e n .
, , .
28 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

r ow s of strin gs would ha v e b e e n s uch

a s to h a v e n e c e s s it a t e d a n u n u s u a l a n d

u n d e s i ra bl e thickn e s s of s ou n din g boa rd -

,

which would p e rh a p s h a v e di m i n i s h e d, ,

t h e vib r a tio n .

Th e s m all e r Ha r p h a d thi r ty or ,

e ve n fe w e r str in gs th e l a rg e r fr o m
, , ,

2
thi r ty fou r t o for ty five
1 -
Th e y w e r e -
.

of br a s s wi re i n t h e ba s s a n d of thi n
s
,

5
s t e e l wi r e
4
i n t h e t re bl e .

Th e box or t r u n k of t h e A n ci e n t
Ha r p w a s u s u a lly i n t h e fo rm of a
tr un c a te d tr ia ngl e a n d w a s i n v a r i a bly ,

con s tr uct e d out of a s olid pi e c e of

ti m b e r which w a s hollowe d ou t fr o m
,

t h e b a ck s o a s to fo r m t h e s id e s e n d s , ,

a n d s ou n di n g bo ar d t h e c a vity b e i n g
-
,

cove r e d a t t h e ba ck by a boa r d (s e e
illu s tra tio n ) 6
.

Th e s ou n di n g boa r d which h a d ,

7
g en e r a lly s ou n d hol es v a r i e d con s id e r -
,

a bly i n thick n e s s th a t of t h e Ha r p ,

i n T r i n ity Coll e ge b e i n g r a th er l e s s
th a n a qu a r t e r of an i n ch whil e th a t ,

of t h e C a s tl e O twa y Ha r p va r i e s fr o m
on e h a lf to th r e e qu a r t e r s of a n i n ch
- -
.

Th e s ou n di n g boa r d a t a n e a r ly -

er i od w a s p r ob a bly p e r fe ctly fla t and

p ,

t h e sid e s of t h e box of t h e s a m e d e pth

1 L e wi d ch y gi g f m C t h
sa s 3 3, ran n ro e p m f th ly p t f t h t w lfth
t i on e d i n a oe O e e ar ar O e e

T t D i Al t — A t i q i t
e n or o n p 2 54 n u i es , c t y w h i ch C C y b l i v d t b v l
en ur
’
u rr e e e o e se e ra

c t i li — L ct l i i i pp 2 2 3 2 4
. ,

Th D l w y H p h th i mb
. .

e a a i w
ar as s nu er n a ro en u r e s ear er e u res, vo .
-

5 Th w i t g t th t t h m b f t l
. . . .

N ti c d by G l d C mb b t 118 8
.

3
o e i l ra us a re n s s a ou ; e r er r e re s a e nu er O s ee

l i t h th i t th c t y i Hi gd P ly ti g hv t b ti c d by y w
,
’
a so n e r een en ur n en s o s r n s a e no e en no e an ri t e r

Th y p b bly v d
,

ch i c d by D t g i 156 6 by G d
,

ro n on an an e, a a n i n oo e ro a ar i e

Th ll t t i h w th b ck f th C tl
.

8 1 by G l i l i i 8 5by St
, ,

15 15
6
in a yhe t d n an urs an e i u s ra on s o s e a o e as e

by L y ch b f 16 8 0 O t y H p Th p j cti g bl ck h b
, ,

n e o re wa ar . e ro e n o as e en

N t i c d d i g t h th i t th c t y by dd d by t h i t th t p t i f t h
.

4 o e ur n ur a e e wr e r, as a or on o e
e r een en

D t d i 158 1 b y G l l i I b z d
an e , an n a i e r on r on e, a n i t m
ns ti i t di t d
ru en s n s er e n a s an .

lv t i g f m c l i t m t w m L y ch y Th gh th h l th
.
,

D 7 r. n sa s, r ou ese o es e
si er s r n s or usi a n s ru en s er e an u

f di I l
a c t u re d t mt p id d m
n re a n a a re o e er o , an are en p g tt ch d
e s a h t g w p d wh
a e to t e s ri n s e re ass e en
30
'

M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

A po r tion of t h e box p r oj e ct e d fr o m th e low e r e xt r e m ity s e v e r a l

i n ch e s ; thi s h a d a c a v i ty i n to which t h e low e r por tion of t h e cu r ve d
,

fo r e pill ar w as i n s e r te d
-
Th e upp e r po r tion of th e box h a d a l s o a
.

c a vity i n to which on e e n d of t h e ha r m o n ic cu rv e fitte d

,
.

Th e h a r m on ic cu r ve w a s fu r n i s h e d with m e t a l b a n d s on e ith e r ,

s id e of t h e s a m e cu r v e d fo r m as t h e wood e a ch with a s e r i e s of hol e s

, , ,

th r ough which t h e tu n i n g p e g s p a s s e d Th e s e b an d s which w e r e n o -

.
, ,

doubt i n t e n d e d to s tr e n gthe n thi s por tion of t h e i n s tr u m e n t w e r e

, ,

occa s ion a lly o rn a m e n te d a n d a l m o s t i n v a r i a bly fo rm e d s i n gl e cu r ve s

, .

Th e tu n i n g p e g s g e n e ra lly of b r as s a l s o fre qu e n tly o rn a m e n t e d w e r e

-
, , ,

a n gul a r a t t h e r ight e n d a n d p e r fo ra t e d a t t h e l e ft ; th e s e w e r e i n s e r t e d
,

on t h e r ight s id e a n d t h e s t r i n g s a tt a ch e d t o t h e po r tio n s th a t p r oj e ct e d
1
,

fr om t h e l e ft s id e Th e r e w e r e n o n uts or s tr a i n i n g p e g s but wh e n th e
.
-
,

tu n i n g p e gs w e r e fi rm ly pl a c e d a n d t h e s t r i n gs p r op e r ly a dj u s t e d it i s
-
,

p r ob a bl e tha t t h e s tr i n g s w e r e th e n v e ry s lightly if a t a ll off t h e pl an e , , .

Th e h a r m o n ic cu r ve w a s o r igi n a lly con s tr uct e d out of on e pi e c e of

wood I n to a c a vity n e ar t h e e n d t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e fo r e pilla r w a s
.
,
-

i n s e r te d ; t h e te n s ion of t h e s tr i n g s c a u s e d t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e to l e a n
to w ar d s t h e l e ft s id e to cou n t e ra ct which m e ta l s tra p s or ba n d s w e r e
,

s o m e ti m e s a tt a ch e d to t h e r ight s id e of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e a n d t o t h e

—
fo re pill a r 2
A s i m il a r s tre n gth e n i n g m a y b e s e e n on t h e L a m on t Har p
.

a n d on t h e illu s tr a tio n i n P r e t or i u s s wo r k A m o s t r e m a r k a bl e I r i s h ’
.

e x a m pl e occu r s a m o n g s t t h e b r a s s m ou n ti n g s fou n d a t B a lli n d e r r y a n d ,

will b e h e r e a fte r d e s c rib e d (p D u r i n g t h e s e ve n te e n th c e n tu r y t h e

.

a r t i fi ce rs co mm e n c e d t o c a r r y t h e fo r e pi l l a r high e r th a n w a s o r igi n a lly -

t h e p r a ctic e t h e upp e r po r tio n th e n fo r m i n g p a r t of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e

, .

Th e r e m a i n i n g por tio n of t h e h a rm o n ic curv e w a s m or ti s e d i n to it both ,

po r tio n s b e i n g h e ld tog e th er by t h e m e t a l b an ds on e ith e r s id e th r ough

which t h e tu n i n g—p e gs p a s s e d .

Th e fo r e pill a r w a s m o re or l e s s cu r v e d a n d h a d for a con s id e r a bl e

-
,

po r tion upo n e ith e r s id e of t h e out e r cu r v e a p r oj e ctio n t h e s e ctio n t a ki n g ,

t h e for m of t h e l e tt e r T Wh e n thi s fo rm a tio n w a s m a d e t o comm e n c e

.

a n d t er m i n a t e n e a r to e ith e r e xt r e m ity of t h e fo r e pill a r a n e xc e ptio n a lly -

,

1 By t h e r i ght i d i m t th t w h i ch i c v ) i c t d
s e s e an a s ur e s oa e on b th i d
o s es wi th b pl t r a ss a es ,

t
n e a re s th e ri ght h d w h t h H p i b g w h i ch c ct
an en e ar s ei n on n e it l g tly
e e an wi th t h b wl k e o i e

pl y d p
a e u on p i ll —C m b ar . a ren si s E ve rs u s , D J h L y ch
r. o n n

c v d ck (h m i c
. .

2 “ Th e en d f th
o e ur e ne ar on
 THE I R I SH HA R P 31

t o g a rm a bl e t o withsta n d t h e t e n s ion of th e s tr i n g s tow a rd s t h e

s r n ,

l e ft w as t h e r e s ult
,
Wh e n t h e fore pill ar i s m uch cu rv e d it m a y .
-
,

occa s io n a lly b e fou n d s lightly s ho r t en e d by t h e di re ct t e n sion of t h e

s t r in g s .

Th e co rre ct Ir i s h n a m e s for t h e di ff e r e n t portion s of t h e Ha r p a r e

give n by O C u r ry a s follow s ’ 1

Cra n n C l ea s ta Tu n i n g Key .
2

Co rr Ha r m o n ic Cu r ve .

L a mh ch ran n Fr o n t Pill ar .

C om B e lly or Sou n d Bo ar d ,
-
.

Bu n ti n g do e sgiv e t h e I r ish for Tu n i n g Key but h e giv e s

n ot
“
,

C ru n a t t e d for t h e s ho e of t h e s t r i n gs L e t h e pi e c e of br a s s on th e s ou n d
, ,
"
.

bo a r d th r ough which t h e s t r i n g s p as s ; Au f h oi rs h n a dh a i m for t h e

, ,

wood e n p e g s to which t h e s t r i n gs a r e fa s t e n e d ; U i n a i dh i n c e a n g a l for ,

t h e p i n or j a ck th a t fa s t e n s th e wi r e to t h e Ha r p
’
3
, , O C u rr y giv e s .

4
T r om Th eda for t h e h e a vy s tr i n gs a n d C ol oca for t h e li ght s tr i n g s
-
, .

Th a t g r e a t c a r e w a s b e s towe d upo n th e co n st r uctio n of t h e I ri s h

Ha r p i s s how n fr om a po e m w r itt e n a bout 16 40 by Pi e r c e F e r r it e r of
F e rrit e r s Cov e co n c e r n i n g a Har p which w a s p r e s e n t e d to h i m by
’

a R o s co m m o n fri e n d t h e follo w i n g po r tio n of which t ra n s l a t e d by , ,

C C u r ry t h e r e a d e r m a y fi n d of i n t e r e s t
’
.
,

Th e k ey of mu si c an d i t s ga t e,

Th e w e a lth ,
an d a b od e p oeof ty r

Th e s ki l fu l n ea tIih r s w om an ,
Th e i hl y fes tive m o
r c an e r .

Ch i l d d i re si c k n es s m e n i n d eep w ou n d s
re n in , ,

Sl p ee a t t h e sou n d s of i t s c r i m s on b oar d
5
;
Th e me r ry w i tch h a s ch as e d al l s or row ,

Th e fe s ti ve h om e of m u s i c an d d e l ig ht .

1
ct L l i ii p 25
e 6 u re s , vo ti g c ll 18 40 p p 2 0 36 A O C y 3 Bu n n o -
s
’
u rr

d h — L y ch h c d m d B ti g I i h t m d d
. . . .
, ,

Th h dl w
. . .

2 ’
ef w an e as o oo or or n n as on e ne un n s r s er s, a n un er

v i w t t k t c ct th m (w h i ch pp tly h
.

Am g t t h C ll ct i
on s f A ti q i t e o e on o n u i e s on e a a en o o rre e a a re n e

B lf t i
e 18 5
as 2 w tw H p k y m d
n f gl ct d t d ) th m y t b cc t
ere o ar e s a e o ne e e o o es e a no e a u ra e

h i b i t d by T R L ct p 302
,

b z O f th w
r on e ne o l i
e se as ex e e u re s , vo ii . . .

y E q Ed d y C M th Th th
. . . .

M
f m c
ro
u rra

a
,

ra n n o
s

g M l ty L k w h i b t d by I
en
b id p 2 5
on a
er r
6 ,

a
o

e,
ea

as
.

ex
e o

i e
er,
4 .
, . .

E P Sh l y E q L gh F C i ck m c 5 H p th t t t h v c i d bl t
,

. . ir e s ou e a, a rr a r os s ar s a a re e x an a e on s e ra e i ace s

D c pt v C t l g f p i t g t i g d g ldi g
, , .

es ri i e a a o u e. o a n in s a nin an i n .
, ,
32 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

It fou n d a Cor 1 i n [M uga ] fru i t fu l

A oi 2
w oo d in h
An d a L a mh— okra n n
3
i n t h e f or of Sea n tr a oi , t
h
Th e ri c s on orou s d i s ou r s e r of t h e mu si c a n o es ; c l t
c l
An d a om e y Com 4 fr om E a s dd E ccon n 5 .

I t fou d M acSi thdm ll t o p l n i t

n
‘

a ,

I t fou d Ca l ha l t o b e i t s rt i ficer
n a ,

An d B ean n gl an — gr e a th e on ou r, , t h
t
G ot [t o d o] i ts f as en i n g s of g o d 6 an d i ts em b l az on i n g l .

E x ce ll t i d d w
en n ee as i ts o th er a d or n er i n go ld ,

P a r tha l on M ore M ac Ca tha i l ,

Th e h arp of t h e g ol d a n d of th e g ems ,

Th e p ri n c e of d e c orat ors i s Part a o

h l n
” 7
.

We fi n d th e
i n s tr u m e n t w a s br ought fr om th r e e
wood for t h e
di s ti n ct di s t r icts An a r ti s t d es ig n e d it A woodwo r k e r or ca r p e n t e r
. .

m a d e it An a r t ifi c e r e ith e r m a d e or s uppli e d t h e gold fa s t e n i n g s a n d

.

e m bl a zo n e d it a n d a d e co ra tor fi n i s h e d t h e i n s t r u m e n t
, .

D r L y n ch who giv e s a v e ry a ccu ra t e a n d m i n ut e d e s c r iptio n of

.
,

t h e I r i s h Ha r p of t h e e a r ly po r tio n of t h e s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu ry s t a t e s
8
,

th a t t h e n e ck (h ar m on ic cu r v e ) a n d for e pill a r w e r e o r n a me n te d with -

9
v a r i e d a n d e xqui s it e s culpt u r e a l s o th a t t h e tr u n k w a s g e n e ra lly m a d e ,

of y e w or s a llow 0
Th e Ha r p s h a d fr e qu e n tly t h e m a k e r s n a m e s or
.
1 ’

i n s cr iptio n s upo n the m L yn ch n oti c e s on e of t h e l a tt er which a n a tive .

of C a s he l h a d c a rve d upon his Ha r p a ft e r t h e cou n tr y h a d be e n ov e r r u n

by t h e E n gli s h which ru n s a s follows ,

1
Ha r m on i cc v ur e. ll ldi ) i m y pl c v t to b e C ro mw e ’
s so e rs n an a es en

2 I th pl i
n f R c mm
e a ns o th i v d l f y os o v y H p w h i ch th y
on e r an a ur on e er ar e

m t d b k i t t pi c F I l d l v d
.

3 F pi ll ee ,
an rea o e es or re an o e

th H p d wh b i h d f m v y
.
ore -
ar.

4 S di g b d (b )
ou n n - oar
th c t y h cl
ox
it w
g t i t w i th
.

f d
e ar , an en as an s e ro e er
'

5 F ll f B lly h gl fi o er ou n r s e un o a on er a ec
a s o D a
ti i t w q t d h
s an n on ,
ti l m i t
on e a .

Th f t i g m y h v b th f m i c w h d l i ght — C mb i E
on ; as u ar e re on er na on a ar s s
6 ese as e n n s a a e een ose or ”

c cti g th h m i c c v w i th th f
us as er e . a re n s s versu s .
on n e n e ar
U f t t ly t h D l w y H p i th ly
on ur e e ore 9

p i ll
n or u n a e e a a ar s e on
ar .
p ci m f t h p i d t t Th t th i d i s e en o e er o e x an a s
L ct l i i i pp 2 5
s

p p c f t h pl di dly d c t d A ci t
.

7 e u re s , vo 7 8 . . .
-
.
a e aran e o e s en e or a e n en
8 Hi f h i mi
s r e a so n t d c i pti i h
or H p c t lt g th b tt i b t d t t l
s nu e es r on s e re ar s an n o a o e er e a r u e o n a u ra

gi v en It m y t b by y m a l d c yi t t
n o L y ch
e t t m t g di g
an e an s a u s e es s e a s oo ru e . n
’
s s a e en re ar n

l b i f I cc d i d c bi g cc t ly f th i d t ct i h b gi v i t h p vi
a ou r, su ee n es ri n a u ra e or e r e s ru on as een en n e re ou s

my d t h f m f th H p l t i t h ld
re a e rs e or t o e ar es s ou n o e.

b i v lv d i th t i v l i w h i ch I f
,

e n o e n a W k w th t th
un f
e rs a lt dt w
ru n , ear 1° e no a os e o a a er a e e re

no th i g b t th m f G d l
n u e arw v t m t c m m ly m d o f d
o ll w w h i t ll w
a on e c a n no a er os o on a e o re sa o e sa o

f m m y c t y Th p c ti i th m bl ck ll w f m th b g b t th b f t h
, ,

ro ou n r . e re au on s e ore or a sa o ro e o u e ox o e

c y m b b d ( pp d K i ld H p i pp d t b f y w
,

n e e ss ar , m
as so e ar arou s arau e rs su ose a re ar s su os e o e o e .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 33

l t
C u r y ra fu n es os e d i p er c u s s a s on ores ? t
cl t
S i i c e a mi s s u m f or s dia d em a g e m i t
” 1
.

Thi s wr ite r s ta te s tha t i n h i s ow n d a y s F a th e r R ob e rt Nu g e n t m a d e a

v e ry co n s id e ra bl e i m p r ov e m e n t i n t h e Ha r p by a n i n v e n tion of h i s ow n .

He e n clo s e d t h e op e n s p a c e b e tw e e n t h e t r u n k (s oun di n g bo ar d ) a n d t h e -

upp e r p a r t of t h e Ha r p (h a r m o n ic cu r v e ) with littl e pi e c e s of wood a n d ,

m a d e it lik e a box ; l e a vin g on t h e r ight s id e of t h e box a s ou n d hol e -

,

which b e cov e r e d with a l a ttice wo r k of wood a s i n t h e cl a vicho r d s O n -

,
.

e a ch s id e h e th e n a r r an g e d a r o w of cho r d s an d thu s i n c r e a s e d t o a g r e a t ,

d e gr e e t h e m e lodious pow e r of t h e Ha r p .
” 2

A n oth e r i m p r ov e r of t h e Ha r p w a s Nichol a s Pi e r c e of Cl on m a u ri c e ,

who liv e d be fo re 16 40 He a dde d m or e wi r e s to t h e i n s tr u m e n t th a n .

it h a d a t a n y p r e viou s p e r iod Un fo rtu n a t e ly of t h e n u m b e r of s tr i n g s .

3
,

w e h a v e n o re co r d .

Th e du ra tio n of ti me du r i n g which t h e C e ltic Ha rp t h e box of ,

which w a s fo r m e d out of a s olid block r e m a i n e d a s e r vic e a bl e i n s t r u m e n t ,

w a s li m it e d by t h e pow e r of t h e s ou n di n g boa r d to r e s i s t t h e t e n s io n -

of t h e s tr i n g s Th e ha r m o n ic cu r v e a n d fo r e pill a r could b e r e pl a c e d if
.
-

d a m ag e d a n d a lthough t h e b e a uty of t h e i n s tr u m e n t w a s l a r g e ly owi n g to

,

t h e fo r m of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e a n d fo r e pil l a r t h e pu r ity a n d s w e e tn e s s -
,

4
o f to n e w a s m a i n ly d u e to t h e co n s t r uctio n of t h e box which m u s ic a lly , ,

Sp e a ki n g w a s t h e m o s t i m po r t a n t po r tio n of t h e i n s t r u m e n t
,
I t m ight .

b e re pl a c e d if wo rn out or i n j u r e d but t h e ton e would n ot th e n b e t h e ,

s am e Tha t t h e I r i s h a n d Scotch m a d e u s e of a fo r m of u n u s u a l s tr e n gth

.

i s u n d e n i a bl e but w a s t h e to n e of a n i n s t r u m e n t t h e box of which w a s

, ,

cut out of a s olid block a l s o s up e rio r ? I f it w a s n ot s up e r ior why w as it , ,

u n ive r s a lly s o co n s t r uct e d ? I t c a n n ot b e s uppos e d tha t t h e I r is h w e r e

u n a w a r e th a t t h e box could b e con s tr uct e d of s e v e r a l pi e ce s or u nl e s s , ,

t h e u s e of glu e w a s u n k n ow n th a t t h e I r i s h a rt i fi ce r s w e re i n c a p a bl e of ,

1
Wh i ch K e lly
c d f Drv ti g t b L y ch t
n f N g t
’
s lt
r a n s a or an d s e on r ow o se en s r n s, o e on e o n en
’
e

d i t th d
H p b it d t th k th p bl
, .

e or , u s re n e rs h ar s ; ut t e wr er oe s n o in is os s i e,

W H
h y b re at h es m y h h m cc v h w
ar p th e ev
pp c f h m g
e r -m ou i n f u l t e ar on i ur e s o s no a e a r an e o av

b j d t b m th m
I t m ou rn s t h e l on g -l os t g em , t h e fa l l
d c bd of E ri n
‘

s re i g n I
"

een ow e o a ox e an n e r es ri e

k L ct l i i i pp 2 6 3 6 4
.

2
C mb Th
' ’
a E i
r e n Si s O C ve r s u s e re s no n own 3 u rr s e u r e s , vo
y -

p c i m f N g t i m p v d H p A L y ch
. .

Th ld t p c m f t h W l h H p th
. . .

s e en o u en
'

s ro e ar s n 4 e o es s e i en s o e e s ar e

m t h b f m i l i W th i t h i d c i pt d g b d th g
.

us a ve ee n i ah h d ar i f s es r i on w r te r as s e e n a s ou n i n - oa r s, e ra i n o

cc pt d cc t b t i i i t l w h i ch l g c t i g lth gh
,

m y b a e a e e as a h
u ra e, u t s un n e ra n a on n ot a r os s , t e s r n s, a ou

l g bl H dt d t l t t h R M th b di m bl d th i ght th
,

i i e . is e i or a n f th
ra n s a or , e e v. e o es r e se e ose o e e e en

K l l y pp y H p w h i ch h
.

e , th D l
su os es c t y F ch H p
e a wa ar , as a en ur re n ar s.

E
34 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

buildi n g up a box Ye t a m o n gs t t h e e xi s ti n g s p e ci m e n s w e on ly fi n d
.

Ha r p s with built u p box e s tha t b e lo n g to a com p a r a tiv e ly r e ce n t p e r iod

- .

Sm a ll Ha r p s s uch a s th a t r e p r e s e n t e d upo n t h e m o n u m e n t a t
,

J e rp oi n t with fla t sou n di n g bo a r ds a n d ra i s e d s t r i n g b a n d s m u s t h a v e
,
-
,

withs tood t h e t e n s io n of t h e st r i n gs for a l e n gth e n e d p e r iod a n d t h e ,

Highl a n d s p e c im e n s giv e p e r h a p s t h e m o s t r e li a bl e clu e a s to t h e du r a

, ,

tio n of i n s tru m e n ts s o fo r m e d An e x a m i n a tio n of th e s e Highl an d .

Ha r p s s hows th a t a lthough t h e s ou n di n g bo a rd s i n both i n st a n c e s h a v e

,
-

b e e n ra i s e d or d ra wn up by t h e t e n s ion of t h e str i n g s w e r e it n ot for ,

t h e r a v a g e s of t h e wood wo r m s th e y would n ow b e s e r vic e a bl e a s

-
,

m u s ic a l i n s tru m en t s a lthough th e y m a y h a v e b e e n s t r u n g a n d occ a s io n a lly

,

pl ay e d upon for two c e n tu r i e s or m or e Th e s e Highl a n d Ha r p s a r e s m a ll

1
.
,

t h e l a rg e r I r i s h i n s tru m e n ts of a l a t e r p e r iod with thi r ty if n ot m o r e , ,

n u m e r ou s s t r i n g s do n ot a pp e ar t o h a v e l a s t e d s o lo n g
, Th e Dow n hill .

Ha r p w a s i n u s e for on e hu n d re d a n d t e n y e a r s a n d p r oba bly t h e ,

Ki l d a r e Har p a n d c e r ta i n ly t h e Ca stl e O twa y Ha r p for a lo n g e r p e riod .

Whe n t h e sou n di n g boa r d b e ga n to yi e ld to t h e t e n s io n of t h e

-

s tr i n g s , b a n d s of m e ta l w e r e pl a c e d a cr o s s t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d a n d -

“ ”
a tt a ch e d t o t h e sid e s of t h e box or t h e s ho e s of t h e s t r i n g s w er e
,

r e m ov e d a n d a lo n g s tr ip of m e ta l pi e r c e d with hol e s t h e full l e n gth of t h e

,

s ou n di n g bo a r d w a s pl a c e d ov e r t h e st r i n g hol e s ; th e s e u n s ightly a dditio n s

-
,
-

e n a bl e d t h e h a r p e r t o co n ti n u e t o u s e t h e i n s tr u m e n t for s o m e ti m e .

I t m ay b e sta t e d tha t th e p r oj e cti n g block which m ight b e s uppo s e d -

,

to b e a w e a k po r tio n of t h e i n s tr u m e n t h a s n ot a s fa r a s t h e w r it e r , ,

i s a w a r e b e e n d a m a g e d i n a n y c as e by t h e dow n w a r d th r u s t of t h e
,

fo re p i ll a r a lthough t h e s t ra i n i n s om e c as e s h as b e e n s o g r e a t as t o
-
,

s ho r t e n t h e fo r e pill a r Thi s dow n wa r d th r u s t w a s p r oba bly n e utra li s e d

-
.

to a l a r g e e xte n t by t h e t e n s io n of t h e str i n g s a cti n g upo n t h e low e r

por tion of t h e s ou n di n g boa r d w e r e it n ot for thi s coun t e ra cti n g s tr a i n
-

t h e p r oj e cti n g bloc k would c e r t a i n ly h a v e b e e n fo r c e d dow n w a r d s a n d

-
,

thr u s t fr om t h e box I t m ay a l s o b e r e m a r k e d th a t th e th r e e po r tio n s

.

of t h e Ha r p w e r e n ot a lw a y s p e gg e d or fa s t e n e d to e a ch oth e r but w e r e , ,

occ as ion a lly h e ld tog e th e r by t h e t e n s io n of t h e s tri n g s a lo n e .

Ha d th H p b
ese ar s e en Iih
r s s p e c u n en s thi s c t c d c l m ic
ou n en an e se u ar us So th p e se Ha r s m ay
p i d m i ght b cc pt d h ld b hv b t gf c d bl p t
.

er o e a e e bu t i t s ou e r e c ol a e ee n u n s ru n or a on s i e ra e or i on of

d th t h l d R f m t t h ti m p cfi d
,

e ct e a t e ea er s of the e or a i on di s e e s e i e .
 THE I R I SH HA R P 35

I t would i n t e r e s ti n g t o k n o w wh a t pl a c e t h e Ha r p occupi e d
be ,

wh e th e r i n t h e l a di e s ch a m b e r or i n t h e ba r o n i a l h a ll b u t upo n thi s poi n t

’

D r L y n ch i s s il e n t
. Tha t s pl e n didly de co ra te d i n s tr u m e n t s s uch a s
.
,

h e d e s c r ib e s w e r e i n t e n d e d n ot o n ly to b e h e a r d but to b e s ee n a n d
, ,

a d m i re d , i s c e rt a i n In I r e l a n d e ith e r withi n or without t h e P a l e

.
, ,

pu r e ly d e co ra tive obj e ct s p r ob a bly w e r e n ot n u m e r ous a n d i t i s r e a s o n ,

a bl e to s uppo s e th a t a highly o r n a m e n t e d Ha r p or e v e n a l e s s o rn a t e ,

i n s t r u m e n t would h a v e i t s s p e ci a l pl a c e i n on e or oth e r of t h e a pa r t
,

m e n t s n a me d Th e qu e s tion n a tu ra lly follow s Wa s th a t pl a c e t h e w a ll

.
,

I f a C e ltic Har p w a s s u s p e n d e d it would h a v e be e n m o s t p r ob a bly ,

s u s p e n d e d by a s t ra p or b a n d a tta ch e d f or th a t pu r po s e to t h e po r tio n
,

of t h e h ar m o n ic cu r ve which i s n e a re s t to th e box I f t h e s id e of t h e .

Ha rp r es t e d a ga i n s t t h e w a ll o n ly on e h a lf of t h e o r n a m en ta tio n would
,

b e vi s ibl e but if t h e b a ck of t h e box w a s pl a ce d a ga i n s t t h e w a ll t h e

, ,

o rn a m e n ta tio n of both s id e s would b e cl e a rly s e e n Th e C e ltic Ha r p .

w a s n ot a li g ht i n s t r u m e n t a n d a n y b a n d o r s t ra p pl a c e d r ou n d t h e
,

h a rm on ic cu r v e for t h e pu r po s e of s u s p e n s io n would i n ti m e l ea v e
a ma rk , but on t h e two e xi s ti n g s p e ci m e n s th e r e a r e n o s uch m a rk s .

Both of th e s e Ce ltic Har p s h a v e o r n a m e n te d fo re pill ar s I f t h e r e a d e r -

.

tu rn s to t h e illu s tra tio n o f t h e D a l w ay Ha r p (p an d e x a m i n e s it a s it .

would r e q u i re to b e e x a m i n e d if s u s p e n d e d h e wi l l fi n d th a t t h e a n i m a l s ,

r e p r e s e n t e d on t h e for e pill a r will th e n a pp e a r a s if th e y w e r e m ovi n g

-

up t h e s i d e of a w a ll wh e r e a s if t h e illu s t r a tio n i s e x a m i n e d s howi n g

, ,

t h e Ha r p a s r e s ti n g upo n t h e b a ck of t h e box t h e figu r e s will a ll a pp e a r ,

i n n a tu r a l pos itio n s Th e a n i m a l s r e p r e s e n t e d upo n t h e for e pill a r of t h e

.
-

T r i n ity Coll e g e s p e ci m e n c a n a l s o b e b es t s e e n wh e n t h e i n s tr u m e n t i s
pl a c e d upon t h e b a ck of t h e box (s e e p but a r e u n i n te lligibl e wh e n
.

t h e i n s t r um e n t is s u s p e n d e d Th e wolf dogs r e p r e s e n t e d upo n t h e

.
-

C a s tl e O twa y Ha r p (p 7 3) would a pp e a r to r e s t upon th e i r n e ck s or

.

h e a d s w e re t h e i n s tr u m e n t s u s p e n d e d So fa r a s t h e w r ite r i s a wa r e .
,

w e re it n ot for M oo r e s w e ll k n ow n li n e ’
-

Now h g s as m u t e o Tara s w ll 1
an n
’
a ,
’

the re would b e n othi n g to i n duce a n y on e t o s uppos e th a t t h e

Ce ltic Ha r p w a s e ve r s u s p e n de d Th e i n j u ry to t h e d e cora tio n of
.

1 Wi th ou t s eri ou s in j yt
ur o M
’
oor e s b ti f l m l dy t h f ll
e au u e o e o ow i n g li ne mi ght b e su b ti t t d
s u e

Now res t s as mu t e Wi th i n t h os e w a ll s.
‘
36 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

a ch e r i s h e d obj e ct which t h e fr ictio n of a b an d would c e rta i n ly h a v e

c a u s e d a n d t h e tr oubl e of r e m ovin g an d r e pl a ci n g t h e i n s tr u m e n t upo n
,

t h e w a ll would h a v e p r e v e n t e d t h e po s s e s s o r of on e of th e s e b e a utiful
Ha rp s fro m s usp e n di n g it Att e n tio n h a s a lre a dy b e e n di r e ct e d to
.

a m o s t i n t e r e s ti n g m o n u m e n t i n J e r oi n t Abb e y wh e r e a g e n ui n e I r i s h
p ,

Ha r p is r e p re s e n t e d a s r e s ti n g upon th e b a ck of t h e bo x a n d it i s t h e ,

w r ite r s opi n io n th a t th a t w a s t h e po s ition i n which th e i n st r u me n t w a s

’

pl a c e d wh e n n ot i n u s e Th a t I ri sh a n d Highl a n d Ha r p s w e r e s pl e n
.

d i dl y d e co ra t e d a n d highly p r iz e d i s u n do u bt e d a n d it i s n a tu r a l to ,

s uppo s e th a t th e y would h a v e s p e ci a l pl a c e s i n t h e C a s tl e h a ll s o r oth e r

ap a rtm en ts Th e y m a y ha v e b e e n pl a c e d upon d e cor a te d s ta n d s or

.

be n ch e s No s u ch p e d e s t al s a r e e xta n t but th a t th e r e w e r e s uch i s

.
,

e xt r e m e ly p r ob a bl e A d e co ra t e d i n s tr um e n t s uch a s t h e D a l w a y Ha r p
.
, ,

would n e ve r h a ve b e e n pl a c e d upo n t h e floor of t h e h a ll wh e re it would ,

b e a l m o s t c e r t a i n to b e i n j u r e d by s o m e of t h e n u m e r ou s gu e s t s or
r e t a i n e r s who occ as io n a lly th r o n g e d t h e a p ar t m e n t .

M E THO D OF P L AY I NG

Th e I r i s h ha r p e r pl a c e d t h e i n s tr u m e n t u po n h i s kn e e s or upo n t h e
g r ou n d a n d r e s ti n g it e ith e r a ga i n s t h i s l e ft s hould e r or a g a i n s t h i s ch e s t
, , ,

pl ay e d t h e t re bl e with t h e l e ft h a n d a n d t h e b as s with t h e r ight c a tchi n g

, ,

t h e s tr i n g s b e tw e e n t h e fi n g e r n a il s (which w e r e pu r po s e ly tr i m m e d s o
-
,

a s to b e lo n g a n d cr ook e d
) a n d t h e fl e s h thu s p r o d uci n g a cl ea r e r a n d
1
, ,

p e r h a p s pu r e r to n e th a n could b e oth e r wi s e obt a i n e d Thi s m e thod of

,
.

pl ayi n g w a s g r a d u a l l v a b a n don e d a n d w e fi n d D r Lyn ch thu s d e s c r ibi n g

,
.

t h e m a n n e r of s t r iki n g or pulli n g t h e s tr i n g s a s p ra cti s e d du r i n g t h e

e a r ly po r tio n of t h e s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu r y Th e m o r e e xp e r t a n d a e co m .

e n e r a lly b en d ov e r t h e n e ck of t h e Ha r p but
p li s h e d p e r fo r m e r s
(who g ,

occ a s io n ally hold it e r e ct ) s t r ik e t h e br a s s s t r i n gs with th e tip s of th e ir

fi n g e rs n ot with th e i r n a il s co n tr a r y to t h e cu s to m a s s o m e m a i n ta i n e d
, , , ,

which n ot lo n g s i n c e w a s co m m o n i n I r e l a n d Tha t cu s tom i s n ow if .

,

n ot ob s ol e t e a t l e a s t a dop t e d by r ud e r p e r fo r m e r s o n ly i n th e ir a n xi e ty
, ,

to e licit th e r e by loud e r n ot e s fr o m t h e s tr i n g s a n d m a k e t h e whol e ,

1
h
T i s m an n e r p ll i g t h t i gs by th V i i
of u n e s r n e c en t o ll
Ga i ei in 158 1, an d by Ri ch d St y
ar an

l i i s li is no ti c d by J h G d i 156 6 l by b t i
e o n oo n , a so u rs n 1584 .
38 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

Duri n g t h e fifty followin g y e a r s a s fa r a s t h e writ e r is a wa re n o , ,

co n t rar y as s e r tio n a pp e a r e d i n p r i n t In 18 40 Bu n ti n g s thi r d coll e ction .

’

w a s publ i s h e d In thi s work it i s s t a t e d th a t e a ch of t h e Ha r p s th a t

.

w e r e u s e d a t t h e c e l e b ra t e d m e e ti n g a t B e lfa s t i n 17 92 to b e h e r e a fte r
re fe r re d to h a d thirty s tr i n gs .

The s e Ha r p s w e r e n ot l a rg e — w e k n ow tha t two of th e m w e r e n ot

m o r e tha n fou r fe e t i n h e ight — a n d a s th e y w e r e i n t e n d e d t o b e c a rr i e d 1

a bout t h e cou n t r y th e y w e r e p r oba bly m a d e a s po r ta bl e a s po s sibl e

, .

E dw a r d Bu n ti n g p r ocu r e d a ll t h e i n fo rm a tio n o bta i n a bl e a s to t h e

tu n i n g of t h e i n s tr u m e n t a s p r a cti s e d by t h e h ar p e r s i n 17 92 ; a n d ,

a s h e w a s a m u s ici a n o f s o m e e mi n e n c e a n d a bl e t o v e r i fy t h e s t a t e ,

m e n t s th e y a r e h e r e r e p r oduc e d
, .

ANC IE NT M USIC or IREL AND .

SC AL E on THE I RI SH HARP or THI RTY STR I NG S TU NED IN THE ,

NATU RAL KE Y TERM ED , ,

Leat h ”
SL G G S , or half n ote.

A D -
B F G B O
r

“
Th e I is h H rp
r h p b t w E d G i th b p b b l y
a h ad ti f
no s r n
g or F s ar , e e en an n e ass, ro a

b c it h d
e a u se c di a th t t
n o c on i th m j mi or ; b t th i E
n th i c le r s a e f or a on e , e er a or or n or u s

i th b
n e ll d T dl th
as s , c a f ll e t i g i t h t l k y t m d L t h Gl
ea ec a e,
’
or a en s r n , n e n a u ra e er e ea a ss ,
’

b i g lt d t F t l
e n a e re mi t h ig h w h th m l dy q i d i t d th h p
o n a u ra ,
a se on e er en e e o re u re , an e s ar

F
’
th g h t h i t m t b i g p vi l y l w d mi t th k y w th
s, rou e n s ru en ll d
e n re ou s o er e a se on e , e e as en c a e
‘
T dl g idh th f ll i g t i g
ea ea u h ig h b k y
e,
’
e a n s r n , or ass e .
”

Mll St i g 11 d 12 C ll d by t h h p Th Si t ti g i i
“ ’
r n s an w tw , a e e ar ers
‘
e s er s , ere os r n s n u n s on ,

whi h w c th fi t t d t t h p p p i tch ; th y
er e e rs w d t th t
une G f th o e ro er e an s e re o e en or , ou r

t i g th v i li
s r n on d l y d ivi d d t h i t m t i t b
e o n , an d t bl OC
n ear y e e n s ru en n o ass an re e .
” ’
u rr

t t th t t h m f th
s a es a t i g w C bh l i g h — L t
e na e o v l i i i p 25
e se6 Th s r n s as
“
o u e .
”
ec u r e s , o . . . . e

Si t m ti
s e rs a r e d t y m t p i d i t h Y ll w B k f L c
en on e a a ve r mpil d i re o e er o n e
“
e o oo o e an , co e n

l 3 91 — I bi d p p 2 50 2 54
. .
,
.
-
.

T T h is i t h e u m b e
“
s n r of ti
s r n gs i n di c at e d by t h e s t in g h ol s on th e s ou d b oard of r -
e n -

t h e an c i e t I i h Ha p T in i t y C oll eg e D u bli n e r o eou l y c ll e d Brian ‘

n r s r n ow in r , ,
r n s a

B or oi ml i e
’
s Ha r p ,
’
an d w as t h e u su al m b e r of s t i n g s fou d on a ll th e Ha p s a t t h e
nu r n r

Be l f t m ti
as ee n
g in
1 Pe ti r e, i n O Cu rry
’ ’
s Le ct u re s , vol . i ii . p . 2 95 .
 ’
tu n t i n g s thi rd coll e ctio n
ea ch of Ha rps th a t
in to b e h e re a fte r
 THE I R I SH HA R P 39

M ETHOD O F TU NING U SED B Y THE O L D HARP ER S .

Tun ed for hi gh bass k ey .

Tun ed i n octa ves to the top . Tun ed in v

octa es to th e bottom t

1
“
I t wil l bei c al c r i t i c th a t o l y t w o m aj or k e y s vi
o b s erve d by th e mu s G o e ,
n
,
z .
, n

sh p a d 0 n t u r l w e e p e fe ct i th ei r d i t o i c i t er v l s on th e I i h Harp ; b u t t h e
ar ,
n a a ,
r r n a n n a r s

h p e l o m d e u se of t wo a ci e t d i t on i c min or k e y s (n ei th e of th m p er fec t
ar rs a s a n n a r e

a cc din g t o t h e m od ern s c l e ) vi E o e h a p a d A n at l T h e y s ome ti me ma d e

or a ,
z . n s r , n u ra . s

u s e of D t u r l m i o w h i ch w s ti ll m ore i m p e r fe ct th ou g h s ome of th ei i w e e
na a n r, as ,
r a rs r

p f e r or me d in th t k
a ey , a n d we r e th ou g ht t e x re m e ly a
g ree ab l by m y p
e an e rs on s .
”

C sh arp , occas on all y i t un e d to F sh ar

p, (a fi fth ) .

“
h p
Th e i d th t th i i gl
ar ers t C h p w m ti m m d
sa a s s n e n o e, s ar ,
as s o e es a e u s e of , bu t
th e e dit l d m m t w ith i t c f i t
or se o e an n s an e o .
”

As t h e s c al e giv e n for t h e I r i s h Ha rp w as publi s h e d wh e n Ha r p th e

w a s i n u s e a n d wh e n m a n y w e r e a liv e who m u s t h a v e r e coll e ct e d h a r p e r s
,

of a n e ar li e r s chool th a n tho s e e duc a t e d by th e B e l fa s t s oci e ty a n d a s ,

thi s s c a l e w a s a cc e pt e d a n d r e p r i n t e d by G e or ge F ar quh a r Gr a h a m a 1
,

wr ite r n ot a ltog e th e r fa vou r a bl e t o Bun ti n g a n d do e s n ot a pp e a r to ha v e ,

b e e n qu e s tio n e d it m a y b e a cce pt e d a s cor re ct

,
.

Bu n t i n g giv es t h e follo w i n g n a m es an d e xpl a n a tion s for t h e di ff e ren t

ki n ds of I r i s h Ha r p s a n d s tr i n gs of th e Ha r p
CLARSEC H Th e c omm h p
,
on ar .

C INNARD C RU I T Th h ig h h d d h p
-
,
e -
ea e ar .

C RO M C RUIT - Th d w b d i g h p
,
e o n- en n ar .

S pp d b th o t bl h e d by t h e i t
i
t p p u os e d o e e r a e ar us
C EIRNIN p r es s an
’
l gio p eopl e re i us .

C RAIF TI N CRUIT C fti h p ( m ot e d i I i h l e g e d )

,
ra ne s
’
ar a an n n r s n s .

L UB ,
A p e ti c l me f o t h e h p o a na r ar .

I t d ct i t S g f I l d w i th t W d J T S
1 n ro u on o on s o re a n ou or s, . . u re n n e .
40 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

THE NAM ES I N I RI SH OF THE I

D F FE RE NT STR ING S OF THE HARP ,

WITH THE TR ANSL ATIO NS AND M U S I CAL E X AM PL E S

C AO M HL U IG HE, L yi n g t oge th e r,
1

G ILLY CAO M L U IG HE, Serva n t of th e s is t ers ,

2H
MEH
IGH C I O NN
’
A1 P OS
)A E Se c d ti
on s r n g o er v th e it
s s e rs ,

OW
FI H
’
OS C I O NN T h i d t i
E
A1 I I I S EI D
?
’

) A I L IIG E
r s r ng o ve r t h e si s t ers ,

TEAD NA F EITHE—
O- LAC H , t
S ri n g of th e l eadi n
g i
s n e ws ,2

F EAD NA FE ITHED
kgH
G II‘
} Se rva n t d in g s i n e w s
'

of t h e l ea
IJ ,

TEAD A L EI TH G LASS ,
t
S ri n g of th e h lf t
a -
n o e ,3

D OF HREG RAC H C AO M L U IG HE, A n s w er n i g,

4

F REAG RAC H TEA D NA Re s Pon se t o th e l eadi n oo i

s n ews 5
F EITHE O L AC H, ~ ~

C RO NAN ,
D ron e ba ss 6 ,

TE AD L E AG UID H, F lli a n
g ti
s r n g ,7

1ll d by th h p
C a eh Si t w t e ar e rs t e s ei s, e re wo 3 t th ct v t
Ne x e o a e o th e Si s t er s

st g i
ri n s h chn fi t t d th
u n i s on w i w e re rs un e to e 4 O ct v b v t h
a e a o e e t
Si s ers, tt d
”
w as n ex une

p p p tch th y d th t
,

5 B i g ct v b l St i g f M l dy
.

“
ro er i G ; e a n s w e re to e e n or e n o a e e ow th e r n o e o

f th t g t h V l i S t Hp 38 5 O ct v b l S t
, .

”
ou r s ri n on e io n. ee n o e a h e e ow t e i s e rs

C ll d by h h p St g f
, . .

g F t l d f m E t l
.

2 h 7
a e t e ar e rs t e ri n o B ei n n a ura r ai s e ro n a u ra a

M l dy t d t h Si t b g m t m l dy cc
,
” ”
e o w as une n ex to t e s e rs , ein se i t
on e , o an s w e r th e e o as o a s i on

fifth b v th m q d
,

a a o e e . re u i re .
42 M U S I C A L I NSTR U M E NT S

THE NAM ES THE G R AC E S PE RF O RM ED BY THE TR EBL E O R L E FT HAND

OF ,

WI TH THE TRANSL ATIO NS AND M USI C AL EXA M P L E S

BRISID H, A b reak ,

P er f or me d by th t h m b d fi t fi g t h t g e u an rs n er ; e s ri n stru ck by
th e th mb i t pp d by i t th fi t fi g t i g l ft
u s s o e , e rs n er s r n e s ou n di g n .

L EAG AD H ANUAS, A fa lli n g ,

By t h e fi tfi g rs n er an d th th m b t p
umb ; u s o s th e t g s ri n s ou n dd e

by t h fi t fi g e rs n er, a n d th m b t i g l ft
u s r n e sou n di g n .

LEATH L EAG U ID H ,
A h l f f ll i a a n
g,
By c d d th i d fi g t i g t ck by c d t pp d by
se on an r n er ; s r n s ru se on s o e

fi t d t i g t ck by th i d t pp d by c d fi g
,

rs , an s r n s ru r , s o e se on n er.

SRU ITH-M OR, A gre t s trea m as c e di n g

a n ,

Fi rs t c d d th i d fi g f t h l ft h d l i d l g t h
se on an r n ers o e e an s e a on e

t i g w h i ch w i th t pp d ll d t d th
, ,

s r n s, e re e er s o e or a ow e o s ou n as e

h p pl d i g l c t d i m t p d m
,

ar er ea se n e n e ra , exe u e n a os ra i a n n er .

SRU ITH-M OR, Ag re a t t s r ea m d es c en d i n g ,

Fi n g di
e re n th e s a me ma n n e r as l t by t h i ght h d p f
as e r an e r orm e d
bv
,

as a o e .

SRUITH BEG , -
Li ttl e s trea m ,

By th mb fi t c d
u , rs , se on , and th i d fir n g e rs of th e l ft h d
e an .

BU AL L AD H SUAS NO
SUASERIG H,
S11006 8 8 10 11 tmp 1 t 0 f e S,

By th i d r , c d
s e on , an d fi tfig
rs n e rs , a s e n c di g t i g ch n on e s r n ea

ti m e.

SHA K ES , E TC .

BARL L U ITH, Ac t i vi t y of th e fi n
ge r s ,
c t d h k by c d fi t d th i d fi g lt t ly
A on inue s a e, se on rs an r n ers a e rn a e

Th h p t fi i h th h k W th t i th m d
, , .

d id
e ar ers no n s e s a e i a urn as n e o e

d pt d t p t
,

a o e a re s e n .

BAR L L U ITH BEAL AN A tivi t y f fi g d t i ki g c o n e r- e n s, s r n

A IRD HE , pw d u ar s,

By c d fi
se d h d fi g
on , th t g t ck by th i d
rs t , a n t ir n e rs ; e s ri n s ru r

b i kly t pp d by c d fi t t i g t l l d i g
,

r s s o e se on ; rs s r n s i s ou n n .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 43

NAM ES or THE G RAC ES— con ti n u ed .

CASL UITH, Re t u rn n i g cti v l y

a e ,

By th i d fi t d c d fi g
r rs h an se on n e rs ; t e t i g t pp d
s r n s s o e in s t an

l y by ch fi g w h pl y d
, ,

t
a n e ou s ea n er en a e .

BARL UITH F OSG AL TA, Acti v i t y of fin ge t op s r- ,

By se c d fi ton rs an d th i d fi g r n ers ; se c dfi g ti
on n er s r n
g t pp d
s o e

by fi t fi t fi t i g ti ll di g
, ,

rs rs n g er s r n s s ou n n .

C UL AITHRIS
-
,
Ha l f s h a ke ,

By fi t fi g rs n e r an d th mb
u .

TRIBU IL L EAC H or C REA T1“PIe Sh a k 9,

THAD H CO IM HM HEA R ,

By s e onc d fi t , rs , and th i d fi g
r n e rs , th re e tim es in su cc e ss i on .

CRO THAC HAO N M HEAR, S h ki

a n g,

By fi tfi rs n
ge r , b cka an d f or w a r d , on th e s a m e s ri n t g .

D O UBL E NO TE S C HO RD S , , E TC .

F OR THE L E FT HAND

BUL SG AN, Swe lli g n ou t ,

By t h e fi t rs a n d s e on c dfi n
g e rs a thi d r .

GLASS , A j oin i n g ,

By fi t rs an d th i d fi g
r n e rs a f thou r .

F OR THE R IG HT HAND

m
GLASS
c

, A j oin i n g ,

By th m b u an d th i d fi r n
ger an o ct va e .

LAG HAR , Sp r e a d h dan ,

Wi th f k dfi
or e n
ge r s , fi t
rs an d th i d fi r n
ge rs an o ct v
a e.
 44 M U SI CAL I NSTR U M E NTS

D O U BL E O
N TES, E TC .
— con ti n u ed

L AG HARL AIR, M i ddl e of h d an ,

By fi t
rs an d se c dfi g
on n e rs a thi d r .

G L ASL U ITH, Qu i c k l oc ki n g ,

By th m b fi t
u , rs an d thi d fi r n g e rs ; a ch d
or of a th d ir wi th an

ct v
,

o a e.

C ENNANC HRU IC H, Ex t rem i t y of h an d ,

By fi t c d
rs , s e on , an d thi d fi r n
g e rs ; a ch d f th
or o re e n o e s . t

TAOB HC ROBH , Si d e h a n d ,
By th mb c d
u , s e on , an d th i d fi g r n e rs ; a ch d f th
or o re e n o e s . t

L ANC HRO BH, F u l l h an d ,

By th mb fi t c d
u ,
rs , s e on , an d thi d fi g
r n e rs a ch d f f
or o ou r n o e s . t

M ALART P HONO C H, To re verse th e h an d ,

Or c ros s i n g th e h d an s, th e ri g ht t k i g th pl c
a n e a e of th e l fte .

I t i s w or th y of r ema rk t h a t t h e h arp e rs s t r c k th e u p p er n ot e s of th e se ch ord s fi rs t u ,

i n s tea d of b egi n n in g w i th th e l ow es t t o e a s th e m od e s d o i n t h e i Arp eggi os Al l n ,

rn r .

th ese gra c es s h a k es d ou bl e ot es ch ord e tc h a d a d iff ere n t s u n d an d e p r ession

, ,
n ,
s, .
, o x ,

a c cord in
g t o t h e me th od d opt e d i fi g e ri n g a n d s t op p i n g t h e vi bra t i on of th e s t ri g s
a n n , n .

THE IRISH TERM S U SED THE HA RP E RS TO I NDI C ATE THE TI M E M OO D

BY , ,

A ND KE Y WI TH THE TRA NSL ATIO NS

,

THE TIM E

tim d i th ld d i g i
j ig e, u s e n e o an c n a rs ,

TREBHUINNEAC H Tre bl y rap id t w hi h w

e c p f m d w i th g t c e re er or e r ea
viv i t y d vi g
, , .
,

ac an ou r .

CU IG RATH D i g ti m
r e e,
L m t ti
a f
en a p ti c l f mili wi t h
on s or ar u ar a es,
,
w or ds .

CRU D HC HL E SAC H, Bo ld h ic ch
M ar i n g i m e , a s o t h e t l ti m e of th e i t
a n c en
,
e ro ,
m e l odi es i n g en era l .
 TH E I R I SH HA R P 45

THE TI M E — con ti n ued

Ti m e of t h e mu s ic
i n comc omp os e d plim t en

CU M HAD TH’ L am e n t a t o t o th e c
d e e ase d p a r on s of th e t h p ar ers ,
i n ,
w i th ou t w or d s , b u t by n o m e an s l wl ys o
pl y d a e .

Ph u rt f r e q u en t l y
c i t d f tw p t ; on s s e o o ar s
fi t N p h t i t d ct y d M l t
rs a, ar n ro u or an a ar
Time of t h e l e ch gi g th p i ti
, , ,

P HUE T, s s on s , Ph k on c f th an n e os on o e

h d t h ig ht h d p l yi g th t b l
,

an s, e r an a n e re e,
and th l f t t h b e e e as s .

THE M O OD S
AL HBHANTRIREC H, Th e -
p ci f m i th ree m ood s , Or s e es o us c .

G ENANTTRAID HEACHT L M ic f g c f l d, p ove , us o a ra e u an ex r e ss ive ord e r .

G OL L TTRAID HE AC HT E c i t i g w M l ch l y m i , x n sorro , e an o us c .

SU ANTTRAID HEAC HT S th i g Sl p y c mp i g t i
, oo n , ee ,
o os n s ra n s .

M y j yf l S pp d p pl y th
} Hig hl d f S tl d
t t L u i n gi s of th e
L UINNEACH
er r o u u os e o a o e
m ic
,
’
us , an s o co an .

THE KE S Y
l di
t t
ea
g , or n ex” n o e to th e Res p on s e
n

L EATH GLASS , Ha l f n ot e , t th it
o i e
“
p
S s e r s , form n g t h e p ro er k ey
f th o i G t l e h
h ar p , b e n g n a u ra , on e s a r p .

FUIG HEAL L M OR, G t d F m d by i i g 0 t l ( mit

or e ra s n n a u ra a se on e
re a sou n
hig h ) t C h p S l d m d
-
,
er o s ar . e o u se .

F U IG HEAL L BEG , L esser s ou n d S pp

u d t b t h h ig h b
ose fl t k y o e e ass or a e

Th k y f C
.
-
,
e e o .

U AN F U IG HE AL L , i l e s ou n d
S ng , O h p
ne s th m f
ar th k y f G
, an o er n a e or e e o .

Th e Ir is h t e giv e n by B u n ti n g w e r e p r ocu r e d fr om t h e m o s t
rm s

di s ti n gui s h e d of t h e h a rp e r s who m e t a t B e lfa s t i n t h e ye a r 17 92 Th e .

h a r p e r s who s e a uthor ity w a s chi e fly r e li e d upo n w e r e He m p s on O Ne i ll ,

’

Higgi n s F a n n i n g a n d B l a ck
, , who a lthough e duc a t e d by di ffe re n t
,
1
,

m a s t e r s (th r ough t h e m e diu m of t h e I r i s h l a n gu a g e a lo n e ) a n d i n ,

di ffe r e n t p a r t s o f t h e cou n t ry e xhibit e d a p e r fe ct a gr e e m e n t i n a l l th e i r

,

s t a t e m e n ts r e fe r r i n g to t h e ol d t r a ditio n s of
, t h e a r t a s th e i r o n ly
a utho r ity a n d profe s s i n g th e m s e lv e s quit e a t a lo s s to e xpl a i n
, th e i r
m e thod of pl a yi n g by a n y oth e r t e rm s B un tin g w a s a s s i s te d by D r .
” 2
.

J a m e s M D on n e ll who on 8t h Nov e m b e r 18 3 8 w r ot e a s follow s

‘
, ,
As ,

1 All ex c pt F
e an n i n gw e re bli dn .
2 Bu n i n t g c ll , o . 18 40, pp . 19, 2 0 .
46 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E N T S

to cha ra cte r of O Ne ill I fou n d h i m a m a n of v e r a city a n d i n te gr ity

th e
’

, ,

etc .I thi n k th e r e fo r e y ou m a y r e ly with t h e gre a t e s t co n fid e n ce upon

, ,

a n y i n fo r m a tio n h e g a v e you a s to t h e t e ch n ic a l n a m e s of t h e s tri n g s ,

'

a n d p a r t s of t h e h a r p a n d n a m e s of t h e di ff e r e n t n ot e s or sh a k e s upo n
, ,

the harp He w a s a s i n ca p a bl e as h e would h a v e b e en di s i n cli n e d to

.
, ,

h a v e i n v e n t e d th e s e t e r m s 1
etc Bu n ti n g w a s n ot a n I r i s h s chol ar an d ”
,
.
,

h e occ a s io n ally giv e s di ff e r e n t s p e llin gs of t h e I r i s h t e r m s but th a t t h e

t e r m s we r e tho s e us e d by t h e h ar p e r s of t h e e ighte e n th c e n tu r y th e r e
c a n b e n o r e a so n a bl e doubt How e v e r it i s n e c e s s a r y t o s ta te tha t .
,

“ ”
O C u r r y h as p r o n ou n c e d th e m t o b e a poc r yph a l an d co rr upt
’
an d ,

“ ”
th a t a ll of th e m with fe w e xc e ptio n s as O C u r ry u n d e rtook t o , ,
’

“
Sho w w e r e ,
m e r e fo r g e r i e s or e ls e t h e m o s t co mm o n pl a c e a n d vulga r ,

Hib e rn icis m s of E n gli s h t e r m s .

” 2

P r oof of t h e a ccu r a cy of thi s s t a te m e n t s hould h a v e b e e n p r oduc e d

wh e n t h e l e ctu r e w a s d e liv e re d Bun ti n g h a d di e d n e a r ly twe n ty y e a r s .

’
pr e viou s ly a n d O C u r r y p a s s e d a wa y shortly a fte r without h a vi n g
,

e xpo s e d t h e s o c a ll e d fr a uds Th e t er m s u s e d by t h e h a r p e r s m ay ha v e
-
.

a pp e ar e d i n co rre ct to an e m i n e n t I r i s h schol a r but w e re it n ot for ,

Bu n tin g w e s hould n ow b e d e plor a bly ign o r a n t as to t h e s c a l e tu n i n g , ,

a n d fi n g e r i n g of t h e wi r e s tr u n g I r i s h H ar p Bu n ti n g a n a ccom plish e d -
.
,

m usicia n who s tudi e d th e m e thod of pl a yi n g a s p r a ctis e d by t h e

,

ha rp e rs could n ot ha v e m i s t a k e n t h e ma n n e r in which t h e di ff e r e n t
,

g ra ce s e t c w e r e e x e cut e d a n d by n otin g th e m h e m a d e it poss ibl e

, .
, ,

tha t this i n s tru m e n t c e l e bra t e d for a l m o s t coun tl e s s c e n tu r i e s m ay

, ,

aga i n b e h ear d .

D E AY C A ND I
D SAP P E A RA N E C
Tha t t h e I r i s h Har p w as an i n s tr u m en t of gre a t pow e r an d
3
s w ee t n e s s c a n n ot b e doubt e d ,
an d i t is e qua lly c e rt a i n tha t it was

1 t
Bu n i n g , c llo 18 40, p . 61 ex ec ll t W lk App di p 91 It w l
en a e r, en x, . . as a s o

d t m t t i c cti wi th th
. .
,

2 Le ctu re s vo l iii
. . p . 302 .
u se

i t m t
n s ru
o

M i i en
so e

fi t vi li ( t C m
s.
“
ex en

an n
n

ou r
on n e

rs
on

o
o er

, n a a

3 Th e pw Iih
r s l cc m p i m t
Har as a u su a a o an en b i dg ) ft p k f th p f m c f O K
r e , o en s o e o e e r or an e o
’
an e

of th M i e th R m C th li c C h ch
a ss n e o an a o ur es . w i th g t pt re a i g m th t h c ld
ra u re , as su r n e a e ou

— B t i g c ll 18 40 p 5 C l f q tl y lth gh bli d pl y w i th g t cc cy d fi
,

“
un n 3 o a ro an re u en a ou n , a re a a u ra an ne

i t d w i th h i v i c d h i h p t th ff ct th fi t t bl d b p t f m y f
. .
, .
,

ass s e s o e an s ar a e e e e rs re e an as s ar s o an o

l v t i f th H t d c m p d v l
e e a on o e os
”
an o ose se e ra C ll i
ore C c t i c c t w i th th i
’
s on e r os , n on er o er n

pi c f ch ch m i c w h i ch w c i d d E qui y t p 60
,

e es o ur us e re on s e re t
s ru m t —G en s.
”
unn s
’
n r , n o e, . .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 47

an xc e ption a lly di fficult i n s t ru m e n t to l e a rn p a r tic ul ar ly a s t h e p ro

e ,

f e s s i on w a s a l m o s t e n ti r e ly r e s e r v e d for tho s e of e ith e r s e x who h a d

lost th e i r s i ght w h e n you n g To b e a p r ofici e n t it w a s n e c e s s ar y .
,

for t h e pupil to b e gi n a t t h e e a r ly a g e of t en or tw e lv e 1
Th e n .
,

a ft e r s tudyi n g u n d e r s e v e r a l i n s t r uctor s for s i x or e ight y e a r s t h e ,

you n g h a r p e r co mm e n c e d pl a yin g a s a p r ofe ss ion a l Th e e x e cution of .

s o m e of t h e n ot e d p e r for m e r s who w e r e to b e h ea r d a t t h e clo s e ,

of t h e e ighte e n th c e n tu ry m u s t h a v e b e e n r e m a r k a bl e A g en tl e m a n , .
,

who h a d ofte n h e a r d M u n ga n pl a y a ft e r s ta ti n g th a t h e w a s a m o s t ,

“
a d m ir a bl e p e r fo r m e r thu s d e s c r ib e s h i s d e lica cy of touch ,
— Tho s e
j a n gli n g s of t h e s tr i n g s s o ge n e r a l a m o n gs t o r di n ar y p r a ctition e r s w e r e
, ,

n e v e r h e a r d fr o m t h e Ha r p i n hi s h an d s But it w a s i n t h e pi an o .

p a s s a g e s h e chi e fly e xc e ll e d : th e s e c a m e out with a n e ffe ct i n de s c ri b

a bly ch a r m i n g Hi s whi s p e r i n g n ot e s co mm e n c e d i n a d e g r e e of pi an o
.

tha t r e qui r e d t h e clos e s t a ppro a ch to t h e i n s t r um e n t to r e n d e r th e m a t

fir s t a udibl e b u t i n cr e a s e d by d e gr e e s to t h e r iche st cho r d s In th e i r
, , , .

gr e a te s t de g r e e of softn e s s th e y r e s e m bl e d r a th e r t h e s y m p a th e tic ton e s ,

tha n tho s e br ought out by t h e fin g e r 2

Hem p s on who a s a lr e a dy .
”
, ,

3
s ta t e d pl a y e d with lo n g c r ook e d n a il s
, h a d e v e n a t t h e g r e a t a g e of
, , ,

n i n e ty s e v e n a n a d m i r a bl e m e thod of pl a y i n g s t a cc a to a n d l e ga to i n
-
, ,

whi ch h e could r u n thr ough r a pid divi s ion s i n a n a s ton i s hi n g s tyl e Hi s .

fin g e rs l ay ove r t h e s t ri n g s i n s uch a m an n e r th a t wh e n h e s tr uck th e m

with on e fin g e r t h e oth e r w a s i n s tan tly r e a dy to s top t h e vibr a tion ; s o
,

t h e s t a cc a to p a s s ag e s w e r e h e ar d i n full p e r fe ctio n Th e i n trica cy a n d .

p e cul i a r ity of h i s pl a yi n g oft en a m a z e d t h e w rite r of t h e p a ss a ge j u s t

quote d who p e r ce ive d i n it v e s tige s of a n obl e s yst em of p ra ctice th a t
,

4 ”
h a d e xi s t e d for m a n y c e n tur i e s Seybold a c e l e br a t e d p e r form er on .
,

t h e P e d a l Ha r p a ft e r h e a r i n g A r thu r O Neill
’

,
d e cl a r e d h i s a d m i ra tion ,

Hem p sont d f m tw lv t i ght s u di e ro e e o e e en d v i d by th m t m d i m p v

e se I bi d e os o e rn ro e rs ,

p 73 I th p g h y
.

d f i t ct C l wh di d t
, ,

un er ou r n s ru ors . aro an , o no n I hi
an o er as s a e e sa s n s

p f m c th ti kli g f th m ll Wi
. .

c mm c t h H p ti l p d f i t
o en e e ar un u w ar s o s x ee n e r or an e, e n n o e s a re s ,

v t ld c ll d p f m d th d p t f th b w p ti c l ly
,

n e w
e r, a s e are o ex e e as a e r or er un er e ee n o es o e as s, as ar u ar

ti g c ll 18 40 p 7 2 S E v ly p 2 3 th i ll i g — I bi d p 3 M G y — I
, .

” “
B un n o ee e n r n r un n sa s

h v f q tly h d i t l t d f O K t h
. . . .
. . . . . .
,

ti g 11 18 40 p 7 8
, , ,
’
2
B un n 00 a e re u en e ar re a e o an e , e

I b i d c ll 18 40 p 7 3 B t g w h g c l b t d I i h h p i di ff t pl c h
. .
, , .

3 o un in en a ai n e e ra e r s ar er, n e re n a es w ere

f g t H mp m th d f pl y i g t t h h d b h d th t h v y c m m ly d w
.
, .
, . . ,

’
r e er r i n o e s on s e o o a n s a es e a ee n e ar a e er o on re

t f m h i di t — Hi t i c l E q i y
,

th t h i t cc t d l g t p g d bl
,

“ ors . s or a n u r
a s s a a o an e a o a s sa es, ou e e ar s ro s au

l hk t g c t t c mp i d t p p 59 6 0
,

s u rs , s a es , u rn s , ra es, e c. e c ., o r se n o e,

ti g c ll 18 40 p 7 3
, .

g t g f c ti v b
.

as re a a h
ra n e o exe u on as as e er een
4B un n o . . .
, ,
48 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

of his sh a k e upon t h e I rish Ha r p which w a s p e rfor m e d a pp a ren tly with , , ,

t h e gre at e s t e a s e a n d e x e cutio n ; a d m ittin g th a t h e could n ot d o it

hi m s e lf i n t h e s am e m a n n e r on h i s ow n i n s tr um e n t t h e s h a ke b e i n g ,

t h e g r e a t e s t di ffi culty upo n e v e r y s p e ci e s of Ha r p
”
.

Th e har p er s ta ught e x a ctly a s th e y th e m s e lve s h a d l e a rn e d ; a n d 1

a t t h e c e l e b ra t e d m e e ti n g i n 17 92 t h e p e r fo r m e r s p r e s e n t a lthough th e y , ,

h ad co m e fr om di ff e r e n t cou n ti e s or p r ovi n c e s a n d h a d b e e n t a ught by , ,

“
s e p a r a t e m as t e r s pl a y e d t h e s a m e m e lodi e s ,
i n t h e s a m e k ey s a n d , ,

without v a r i a tion i n a n y e s s e n ti a l p as s a ge or n ote 2

O f t h e harp er s .
”

th e m s e lv e s p a rticul ar ly thos e h e h a d kn own or of whom h e h a d p r e tty

, ,

re li a bl e i n form a tio n B u n ti n g h as l e ft s o m e i n t e re s ti n g n ot e s
, .

M an y of the s e mi n s t r e l s b e lon g e d t o r e s p e ct abl e fa m ili e s an d tr a v e ll e d ,

from m an s ion to m a n sion s om e e v e n with r e ti n ue s but u s u a lly e ith e r , ,

on hors e b a ck with a guid e or on foot a tt e n d e d by a h a r p b e a re r

, , ,
-
.

Fa m ili e s of pure I r i s h d e s c e n t w e r e m ost fr e qu e n tly vi s it e d but t h e

, ,

ha rp e rs w e r e a lso w e lcom e d an d e n t e rta i n e d by t h e d e s cen d an ts of t h e

En gli s h a n d Scotch s e ttl e r s Thu s th e y tr a v e ll e d ov e r t h e gre a t e r .

po r tio n of I r e l a n d a n d h a d an e xte n s ive k n owl e dge of a l a rg e n u m b e r

,

of th e l e a di n g fa m ili e s .

Th e r e c an b e n o doubt a t t h e clos e of t h e e ight e e n th c e n tury th e ,

Ir i s h Ha rp w a s on t h e d e cli n e No co m pos e r for t h e i n s tr u m e n t h a d .

a pp e ar e d a ft e r t h e d e a th of C a r ol a n t h e ha rp e rs th a t r e m a i n e d w e r e n ot
n u m e r ous a n d of th e s e t h e l a r g e r n u m b e r w e r e bli n d
,
To e n courag e .

thi s cl a ss of m u s ici a n a n I r i s h g e n tl em a n r e sidin g i n Cop e n h age n c on

, , ,

ce i ve d t h e id e a of o ff e r i n g li b e ra l p r e m iu m s for co m p e titio n an d to , ,

a tt r a ct a n d i n t e r e s t t h e r e sid e n t g e n tr y a s pl e n did b a ll w as to b e p a r t ,

of t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t F or thi s pu r po s e M r J a m e s Du n ga n s uppli e d
.
, .

1 Dr ‘
b p pi l f
M D on n e ll , w h o h a d e en a u o e d c t d by di fi t m t (th gh th m di m
u a e
'

e r en as er s r ou e e u

A th O N i l l d i g th t w y h h d li v d f th I i h l g g l ) d i di ff t p t
.

’
r ur e ur n e o e ars e a e o e r s an ua e a on e an n er e n ar s

c t y th y h i bi t d p f ct g
,

i h i f th h t t th t O N i l l v
’ ’ “ f th
n s a er s ou s e , s a e s a e ne er o e ou n r , e ex e a er e a ree

fi t d t c mp lt y t b t pl y d m t i ll th i t t m t f i g t th l d
'

a ec e o o os e or a e r an u n e, u a e en n a e r s a e en s , r e e rr n o e o

it ctly h h d b t ght by h i m t
ex a as e a ee n au s as e r, t d ti f th i t th i ly th i ty d
ra i on s o e r ar as e r on au or an

p f i g th m lv q i t t l t pl i
,

H gh O N i ll f
u
’
h m h lw y p d
e or w o e a a s ex r e ss e ro e s s n e se es u e a a os s o ex a n

g at v ti t i g c ll 18 40 p 6 1 th i m th d f pl y i g by y th t m
,
” ”
re e n e raB on -
un n o . . e r e o o a n an o er er s

I bi d c ll 18 40 p 2 0 H m p wh kd
. .
.
, ,

. o . . e s on , en as e

B t i g c ll 18 09 p i i i It w m k d f pl y i g c t i
.

p t f t
, ,

2 un n o . as re ar e th e r e a s on o a n er a n ar s o a u n e , or

th t th i i t m t w t d i if m l th t tyl w ld ply Th t i th
, .
, .

“
a e r n s ru en s e re un e n on e u n or i
e s s on , n a s e, ou re , a s e

sy t m th gh t h p f m
s e ou th m w e e r or er s on e e re w y I l
a d it I c
e ar n e t pl y i t i y or ,
“
an n o a n an

t f th p i ci pl — I bi d p i i Alth gh th — Ib i d c ll 18 40 p 7 3
, ,

“
ig n oran o e r n e .
, . i . ou o e r. .
, o .
, . .
50 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

Mr . Bu n ti n g w as t h e m u s ici a n s e l e ct e d to a tt e n d a n d t h e
E dwa r d ,

i n st r uctio n s h e r e c e iv e d w e r e a s h e s ta t e s hi m s e lf e x a ct He w a s , , .

“
c a utio n e d a ga i n s t a ddi n g a si n gl e n ote to old m e lodi e s which would ,

s e e m to h a v e p a s s e d i n th e i r pr e s e n t s t a t e th r ough lo n g s ucc e s s io n of , ,

age s Th e m e e ti n g w a s m o s t succ e s s ful a n d a ll t h e har p e r s w e r e

.
” 1
,

h an d s om e ly p a id a n d e n te r ta i n e d .
2

Th e s e m e n who h a d s tudi e d u n d e r di ffe r e n t i n s tr uctor s w h o h a d

, ,

n o oth e r w a of a cqui r i n g k n owl e dg e e xc e pt fr o m tho s e of a p re viou s

y
a e
g h a d r e ce ive d fr o m th e i r m a s t e r s t h e b e a utiful m e lodi e s of th e i r
,

cou n try u n ta i n te d a n d t h e m e thod s of pl a yi n g upo n t h e n a tion a l ,

i n s tr u m e n t a s p r a cti s e d by th e i r i n s t r uctor s a n d p re s u m a bly by m a n y

, , , ,

p re viou s g e n e ra tio n s of ha r p e rs Th e r e b e i n g n o r e a s o n t o doubt th a t .

th e y w e r e m o s t if n ot a ll highly a ccom pli s h e d p e r fo rm e r s it i s , , ,

3

s u r p r i s i n g to fi n d th e m r e fe r r e d to i n a l e ctu r e d e liv e r e d s o m e s e v e n ty
“
y e a r s l a t e r a s t h e d eg e n e ra t e body of ha r p e rs who h e ld th e ir l a s t ,

s y n od i n B e lfa s t
4
I t i s t o b e r e gr e tte d th a t Pr ofe s s or O C u r ry by
.
” ’

thu s re fe rr i n g to t h e h a r p e rs who h a d a pp e a re d a t t h e a s s e m bly s hould ,

h a v e m a rr e d h i s e xc e ptio n a lly a bl e l e ctu r e s on I r i s h M u s ica l I n s tr u m e n ts .

D en i s D a ly Pl e ar a r c a n a Ru a r c , or O’R ou r k e
’
s F e as t
ct t ll
. .

Do or Har . R ose D i on

ll g d
.

Ei b h l i n a R ui n , or E en a Roon Sc a ra na G u m b a n a gh , or Th e P a rt i n of Fr i e n s.

yP ch
.

F an n o w e r , or M r s F re n . . S h l ee a n a C on al l on
c Ch
l C t
.

G ra e Nu g e n t Si r ar e s oo e

h v S c t Si F t B k
. .

G r a g a -n i s or Lo e in e re . r es u s a ur e

Wood s Sl i v G ll
, .

G re e n of Tru a gh . e e a en .

J ig . Th D w i g f t h
e a n n o e D ay
dy Bl y
.

La an e . Th e F a i r y Q u een
L dy I
.

a gh ve a . Th e Hu m o u r s of W i s h ky
L dy L ti t i B k
.

a e a ur e. Th e ol d Tr u a g h a
M b l K l ly c pt k g h ky
.

a e e . Th e Re e i f or D ri n i n W i s
M d m C l ck l
.

a a o e Th e R o s o f P e a s u re
bh g b h i ft M ld M
.

h k
.

M ida i n ea ac i nn , or So i or n i n g .
T om as a B u r e
d y
.

Mi Fss i g an n n .
Ti a r n a M a y o or L or M a o
Th H k f B lly h
.

c d ty t
,

M M
i ss oore , o r e aw o a s a n n on U l l a on o, w o or Th e C ou n of L ei ri m
M lly B h g O L ttl M lly O
.
, .

M
o

g St
ea , or i e o .
1
B ti g c ll 18 09 p 3
un n , o .
, . .

M
or n i n

C ft
a r.
At th e M u Si c a l L oa n Ex hbt i i i on Du bl in

h bit N 17 2 9 30 37 43 d 44
, ,
rs ro on .

J dg
.

18 99, E x i s os . an
M
, , , ,

l t d t th m t g
,
rs u e

w ll
. .

re a e o is ee i n
M M
.

I d ff t b d p f m w ld c c ly
rs ax e .

N cy C p
.

3
n i eren or a e r or er s ou s ar e

h v c mp t d f p iz
an oo e r.
a e o e e or r es.
O g a n i oge
L ct i i p 3 02
.

4
OC
’
l
’
If t h
P a tfl Ck S D a y ’
s e u r e s, vo i
y ur r . . . e

d t p 2 7 5 m v l m h W ll
.
.

P ea r l a a n vr ol ey va a n re a er t u rn s o . sa e o u e, e i

f gt dg t
. . ,
’
P l a n ksty R ei l y fi d O C
n y u rrf th r e er r i n o on e o e e en e ra e

l ty Ki g l b dy h c l b t d A th
.

O N ll
’
P an x n s an d . o as t e e e ra e r ur ei
 THE I R I S H HA R P 51

Ha d h e liv e d to s e e h i s l ectu r e s thr ough t h e p r e s s t h e p a s s a g e m ight ,

p e rh a p s h a v e be e n withd ra w n As it i s t h e r e a d e r m ay b e cu r iou s
'

.
,

to k n ow w h a t Oppo r tu n ity O C u rr y h a d of j udgi n g of th e i r m e r it s a n d ’

how fa r h e w a s j u s tifie d i n t h e u s e of s uch l a n gu a ge O O u r ry w a s born .

’

i n 17 96 fou r y e a rs a ft e r t h e B e lfa s t m e e ti n g ; O C u r r y w a s thi rt e e n i n

’

18 0 9 wh e n o n ly two o f t h e h a r p e rs w e r e a liv e ; O C u r ry w a s tw e n ty
’

i n 18 16 du r i n g which y e a r t h e l a s t of t h e h a r p e rs di e d
, So e v e n if .
,

O C u rr y h a d b e e n wh e n e xt r e m e ly you n g a m u s ic a l ge n i u s a n d c r itic
’

, , ,

h e i s n ot lik e ly to h a v e h a d a n oppo r tu n ity of fo r m i n g a n opi n ion ,

c e r ta i n ly n ot of co m p a r i n g t h e p e r fo r m a n c e of p r e viou s g e n e r a tio n s of
“ ”
h a r p e r s with th a t of t h e s o c a ll e d d e ge n e ra te body which m e t fou r -

y e a rs b e for e h e w a s bo rn If t h e r e a d e r tu rn s to Bu n ti n g coll 18 40 .
, .
,

h e will fi n d i n p e n ough to s how th a t O C u r r

y w a s u n g e n e r ou s
’
.
,

a n d unj us t : t h e pow e r of p r od u ci n g n e w a n d o r igi n a l m e lodi e s m a y

h a v e di e d with Sti rli n g but t h e pow er of r e n d e ri n g tho s e a l r e a dy 2
,

cr e a t e d i n a fi n i s h e d a n d a d m i r a bl e s tyl e w a s s till a liv e i n 17 92

, , .

P e r h a p s t h e u n s e ttl e d s ta t e of t h e cou n tr y m a y ha v e p r e v e n te d
an y fur th e r m e e ti n g s but i n 18 0 7 t h e B e lfa s t Ha r p Soci e ty w as ,

3
fo r m e d Thi s s oci e ty which s uppli e d bo a r d a n d lodgi n g to a n u m b e r
.
,

of boy s who h a d lo s t th e i r s ight— who s e a g e s r a n ge d fr om t e n upw a r d s

a n d a co m p e t e n t t e a ch e r A r thu r O Ne i l l to i n s t r uct th e m ca m e to a n
’

, , ,

e n d i n 18 13 fr o m w a n t of fu n d s .

I n 18 19 a n e w s oci e ty w a s i n s titut e d by t h e lib e r a lity of s o m e

n obl e m e n a n d g e n tl e m e n i n I n di a I t w a s th e n di s cov e r e d th a t the r e .

w e re n o h a r p e rs livi n g who h a d n ot b e e n i n s tr ucte d by A r thu r O Ne i ll ’

ft t h t h p w h h d pp d t f t h t t d d i mp
1
A er e en ar i t m t
e rs c o a a e ar e a o a en er an re s s w e n s ru en on e

B lf t h d p d w y B t g t t th t d t I h th i m vi v i dly pi d
,

“
e as a asse a a un in s a es a so ear o ri s en us as i s as ra as

l t bl f th m h d t l ft h i l k t i bv i ly i mp d d by y ff t f ti l
, ,

th e eas a e o e a no e s i e i s o ou s un e e an e or o na on a

b h i d (c ll 18 40 p
e n
”
b t h ll th t p i d
o t l ff cti Th L y f Iih u e a o ws a r e or n a i on a a e on — e a o an r s

t p
.

y p p l f O N i l] l d d h d b
.
, .

R i a ne a u H pi o
’
e a so ea a ee n a ar n o e, 2
St l i g f L g c m p d mb
. .

v y g d h p ( b d p 6 6 ) M i Ow
, , , ,

P 2 a r s on ir n o ur an o os e a nu er
er oo ar er i i ss e n s on

(L dy M g ) w h w p f m V td h f c p t l i h i ch b pl y d p h B gpi p
. .
,

a or an o as a e r or er, i si e t e o a i a a rs , w e a e u on t e a es

ght i 18 05 C c g Th y w l pl y d p h H p by C th
.

t p t fC
,

w es er n ar o on n a u n on ern i n e e re a so a e u on t e ar a e ri n e

th i p d i ti h t f ll w — Th M ti —B t i g c ll 18 40 p S]
.

“
s ex e on s e w ri es as o o s e ar n un n o , .

t t m pt m d t g i
. .

h p I h d l g ch h d f h g th I h
.
,

I 18 09 e ri s 3 a e w as a e o or an se
o e a on e ri s e o e a ri n n an

H p pl y d i p f ct
ar a w t e ly f f m n H p S c ty i D bl i p i c i p lly by J h
er e i on as n o on ar ro a ar o ie n u n r n a o n

b i g l i d b t i fi i t ly d pp i t d Th t B d T tt Q i w th t ct
,

e n re a se u n n e d i sa o n e a e rn a r ro er u n as e i n s ru or , an

c gm t t it v t g i i di pl y d i p bli c C m m m ti f C l
. .
,

en ou r a e en so n u r i e o e n u s, so n s a e n u at a o e ora on o a ro a n

p bly
en sa c y t p v c ne l g t p m t h bj ct Th ci ty c ll p d
e s s ar o e rs e e ran e, no on er o ro o e t e o e e so e s oon o a se

t f f d P t i i O C y l ii
.

sti m l t t h I i h b d t c ll c
u a es ef r s ar o ex e en e, n or or w an o un s — e r e, n
’
u rr vo i

p 2 94 B ti g c ll 18 40 p 6 5
, . .

re w d him arh i i att i d d h d cl i

s w en t s a ne an t e e ne . un n , o , . .
52 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

t h e m a s te r of th e
origi n a l s chool E d wa r d M a c B ri de w h o w a s t h e fir s t .
,

t e a ch e r r e ma i n e d u n til 18 2 2 Va l e n ti n e R a i n e y or Re a n n e y a n e ph e w
, .
,
1

of t h e po e t Bu rn s s ucc e e d e d h i m i n 18 2 3 a n d co n ti n u e d m as t e r of th e
, ,

s chool u n til h i s d e a th i n 18 3 7 J a m e s Ja ck s o n w a s a ppoi n t e d te a che r i n .

Th e s oci e ty e v e n th e n i n a d e cli n in g sta t e — for a fte r Augu s t 18 3 9

,

o n ly two boy s w e r e re c e ivi n g i n s tr uction — soon a ft e rwa rds ca m e t o a n

en d Th e h a r p e r s w h o s o m e for ty y e a r s s i n c e w e re to b e he a r d i n
.
3
, , ,

t h e str e e ts of D u b l i n w e r e p r ob a bly i n s t r uct e d by t h e B e lfa st Soci e ty 4 ,

‘

th e y m u s t a l l h a v e p a s s e d a w a y a s th e r e i s n o w n ot a p e r for m e r on ,

5
t h e i n s t r u m e n t to b e fou n d .

“
M u t e ! m u t e t h e Har p ! d l o t t h e m gi c a r t an s a

Wh i ch r ou s e d to a p t u r e e a ch M i l esi n h e r t ! r a a

I c ol d d r u s t t h l i fe l e s s t i n g s d e c a y n an e s r ,

A d a l l th e i r sou l of son g h s d i e d a w a y n a .
”

1
M a c B ri d e bli d d J ck
an d l i ghtly — C mm i c t d
R e a n n e y w ere t w o of th e f ou r n an a s on s 30 o un a e

h p w h p f m d b f G g W th by M T Sm yth
.

ar e rs o e r or e e o re e or e on e r.

cc i f h i d i g t th M i H
. . .

o a s on o s A t th M i c l L
in n E h i b i ti
a D bli 18 99
e a n s on ou s e , 3 e us a oa n x on , u n

D bl i A g t 18 2 1 Th th t h p E h bi t N
,

u n u us 2 1 22 2 3 24 25 2 6 e o d 32 er wo ar ers x i s os an

J m M M g l d J h M L gh l
.
,

l t d t t h fi t d c d B lf t H p
.
, , , , , ,

w e re a es ac on a a an o n ac o in re a e o e rs an se o n e as ar

Th l t m t i d f t h B lf t Sch l
.

e as en S ci ti
on e O f th
on e H p o ppli d th e e as oo o e es ne o e ar s su e to e

t d b f O C l l p th t i m ph l
, ,

B lf t S c i ty bt d 18 3 0 by
.

’
was se a e e or e on n e 18 2 2 u on e r u a c ar e as o e e ween an

h i ch t h L i b t w d th gh h E g f D bl i i t h i t p
, ,
'
on w e e r a or as i ra w n rou t e an o u in s n e wr er s os s e s s on

t t f D bl ft th p i g f t h E m i U p h i ght h d i d f th di g b d
, .

s re e s o u in a er e as s n o e an c on t e r -
an s e o e s ou n n -
oa r

p ti A t i 18 2 9 Th h p p w h i ch h pl y d
a ou c n d ply c tch d l tt e ar d m k u i di t
on e a e a re ee s ra e e e rs an ar s, n ca

p th t cc i w f w d t h p t w h i ch t h ti g w t d
.

u on a o i i g th
as on as a te r ar s i n e os s e s s on n e n o es to e s r n s e re un e

of D P t i r A c py f t h p g m m
e r e. f m —p h p t b fi go o d by bl d b ye ro ra e o u s xc er a s o e n e re a in o as an

p f m d by th f h p i i t h p ly l w hi l fi g f h i l ft h d
.
,

e r or e ese th
ou r ar ers s n e oss es e ar e s s on , e e n e rs o s e an

Si on f E W Ho ll E q h h k dly p ll d t h t i g Th m k m y b
en n e s w o as in u e e s r n s ese ar s a e seen

p t h i ll t ti — f ti pi c If th
.

ll w d t h w i t t h v i t p d c d i
.
, , .

a o e e r er o a e re ro u e n u on e u s ra on se e r on s e e. e se

f c i mi l
a s e. l tt c ct th f ll w i g i th t i g e e rs a re or r e e o o n s e un n

d pt d by R i y f th i lly l g i t
,

a o e a ne or s un usua ar e n s ru

Ul t J l f A ch l g y l i i p t
s er ou rn am t Th o t w ty r t g w i th l tt
ae o o vo v ar I en e r e a re en -
on e s ri n s e ers

l m t t t lly th fi t t i g i th t bl i m k d B
. .

B t i g c ll 18 40 y
, .
, .

un n R i,
o . . a ne was a os o a e rs s r n ,
n e re e, s ar e .

4 l ct
’
f i th f ll w i g t t b t t i l l i t ct d w d i g p f
O C u rry i n h i s e u re s r e e rs , n e o o n s a e u oo - ns ru e an er n ro e s s ors

f th p d t m t f ci t
,

w d t th
or t f k i dl y c g m t v
s, o e wa n th o n en ou ra e en , or e en o i s, e rou es re n an o ou r an en

t l t i th l t p t t v f t h ci t i h i t c ? —V l i i i p 406
o e ra on es e as re re s en a i es o e an en n er an e
”
o . . .

5 I 18 97 w h fi t F i C vi l w b t
.

h p c i v d f m t h I i h f h i d y Wh y
,

ar e rs re e e ro th e r s o s a n en e rs e s e as a ou

t k pl c h w i t d t di g th t
,

h v a b i h d t c t mpt t p v ty d
e we an s e o on e o o er an to a e a e, t e r e r, u n e rs a n n a a

p p g v th v g d h m d p i z h d b ff d f t h b t p f m c
, ,
’
t th
o e au er s ra e, e e er oo - u ou r e r e a een o e re or e es e r or an e

an d ft t l t d th gh i th i gl ct d p t h w i t g h p q t d th t
o en a en e , ou t n e r ne e e u on e re~ s ru n ar , re u es e a a se a
i ac l r i ‘0
’
x
. “n o w as th e fi rs t
Re a n n e y l
n ev o r , a

d on t i nn e d m as t e r of t he
’

1 w ar p p oi r t e d
. t e ac h e r in

i r ds c a m e to a n
b e h e ar d i n
wih '
l i
‘
I t Soci e t y
S
4

p i fo rm e r on
o
54 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

p r oduc e d upo n t h e Ha r p r e n d er e d t h e gr e a t e r portio n of h i s life ,

wo rk u s e l e s s for th a t i n s tr um e n t Th e w r it e r do e s n ot wi s h to re fe r .

i n a n un ki n d m an n e r to Bun ti n g : w e o w e h i m m uch but h e liv e d i n ,

wha t m a y b e c a ll e d a n i m p r ovi n g a g e ; h e h ad a k e y e d i n s t r u m e n t
b e fo r e h i m a n d t h e t e m pta tio n to i n tr oduc e i m po s s i bl e Har p n ot e s
,

w a s i r r e s i s tibl e : s o h e
“
i m p r ov e d or poli s h e d t h e Har p m e lodi e s ”
,

a n d p e r h a p s m a d e th e m m o r e a cc e pt a bl e to t h e publ i c of t h e day .

Bun ti n g did n ot kill t h e I r i s h Ha r p but h e could h a ve m a d e it po s s ibl e ,

for it to liv e
1
He would n o doubt h a v e don e s o i n fa ct would ha v e
.
, , ,

b e e n co m p e lle d to do s o h a d th e r e be e n i n I r e l a n d a s th e r e i s i n , ,

Scotl an d a s tro n g C e ltic fe e l i n g throughout t h e cou n tr y

,
I t w as .
2

i n Ul s t e r n ot i n M u n s te r or Co n n a ught th a t a n e ffo r t w a s m a d e
, ,

to k e e p t h e n a tion a l i n s tr u m e n t a liv e Ha d th er e b e e n th a t s tr o n g .

’
C e ltic fe e li n g would Bu n ti n g s wo r k h a v e b e e n a cc e pt e d ? Would h e
,

n ot h a v e b e e n told to tr e a t as h e pl e as e d s uch tu n e s a s h e h a d
r e c e iv e d fr o m l a di e s a n d g e n tl e m e n pip e r s fiddl e r s an d oth e r s but t o , , , ,

produc e t h e Ha r p m u s ic a s h e h a d h e a r d it pl a ye d 7 ”

Now tha t t h e Har p i s lo s t a n e ffor t h as be e n m a d e t o r e s tor e t h e ,

I r ish m e lodi e s t o th e i r o r igi n a l pu r ity a n e ffor t which it i s t o b e hop e d ,

3
, ,

will m e e t with t h e e n cou r a g e me n t it s o w e ll d e s e r v e s I f w e c a n .

n o lo n g e r h e a r t h e wi r e —s tr un g I r i s h Ha r p l e t u s a t l e a s t h a v e t h e ,

b e a utiful Ha r p m u s ic a s it w a s pl ay e d or could ha v e b e e n pl a y e d upon , , ,

t h e n a tio n a l i n s t r u m e n t I f w e can n ot dr i n k a t t h e fou n ta i n h e a d l e t .

-
,

u s e n d e a vou r to h a v e t h e s t r e a m wh e r e it i s pollut e d fil t e r e d a n d , ,

cl e a n s e d fr o m i t s i m pu r iti e s .

1
In Bu n i n t g
ly v l m th i di vi d l i mm ’
s bly li k t h Sc tch ! Th i
e ar o u es e n ua s eas u r a un e e o e re s

f m wh m h bt i d t h m l di
ro o te c c ly i ll Sc tl d f m t h th fty d
o a ne e e o es are no s ar e n a o an ro e ri an

t d b t i c ll ct i 18 40 th w ll t g h t l b d m ch i c
,

m en i on e u n o p t
e th on er e a re e -
au a ou r e r an e an u o e

v w dly i ty i m l d i w hi ch t d l dl t d k m w h h v l m f h
,

a o e s x -
s x e o es w ere no e or i es u e, a an i n os e ou se o u es o t e

f m t w lv h p O f th
ro e e ty i m l di
ar bl m i c f h i ti v c t y w ll v y
ers es e si x -
s x e o e s, no e us o s na e ou n r as e as e er

ly c m p t v ly m ll m b t l t c p f ti l p t y g b th i G l c
.
,

on a o a ra i e s a nu er, a e as as s ra o na on a oe r o r s on o n ae i

d E gl h th t f m t i m ti m i f m
,

B t i g p bl h d th m c ld h v b
un n u pl y d
is e e ou a e ee n a e an n is a ro e to e ss u e s ro

p m y t b f d — L ct
, ,

u p th i t m t
on e n s ru th en l iii e re s s , a no e ou n e u r e s , vo

p 406
. .

y wh t i ci g th c t pp ci ti
. .

’
2
O C u rr en n o n e s an a re a on . .

h w by h i c t ym f th b ti f l m i c
,

s o n s ou n r en or e eau u us

of I l d h w by D P t i b i g m
re a n as s S Th D i t i ct i v C h
o n ct t i c f A ci t r e r e e n co
3 ee e s n e ara e ri s s o n en

b d ( w i g t w t f pp t) I h M l dy l ct by D bl i l
.
,

p ll d t
e e o a an on o P n o an o su or ri s e o , a e u re : on s on , u n a s o,

th c ti e c f t h p bl c t f h g t Ni I i h M l d i f t h H p P
on n u an e o e u t i a i on o is re a ne r s e o es or e ar or i a n o, rue

c ll cti f I h Ai c cl d i th t h f ll w t th i Sc l b th by J m C C l i k
o e on o ri s rs , on u es w e o o o e r a es , o a es . u w c

t c H w l i k t h E gli h ! H
.

i g
n s en en es : M D o un e e n s ow u s. .
M i i s i r i i. I NST R UM E NT S

write r d oe s not wi s h to re fe r
h e liv e d in
a k e y e d i n st r um e n t

poss ibl e H a rp n ot e s

th e Ha r p m e lodi e s ,

t h e da y .

sei bl e

Ire l an d ,

l u V

[ I L
A NC E NT HA R P , TR I NI T Y C O L L E G E . D U B L IN
.

Pla t e
 THE I R I S H HA R P

EXI STI N G SP E CIM ENS

THE TRI NI TY COL L EG E HAR P

Th e e a r li e s t s p e ci m e n of t h e wi r e s tr u n g Ha r p to b e fou n d i n I r e l a n d -

i s u n doubt e dly th a t p r e s e r v e d i n T r i n ity Coll e g e Dubli n Th e box of , .

thi s i n s tr u m e n t i s a s i s u s u a l cut out of a s olid block a n d i s s ta t e d

, , ,

to b e of bl a ck s a llow 1
Th e h a r m on ic cu r v e i s p r ob a bly of t h e s a m e
.

2
m a t e r i a l but t h e fo r e p i ll a r i s e vid e n tly of a clo s e r a n d h a r d e r wood
,
-
.

I t i s n ot t h e wr ite r s i n t e n tion to r e p e a t t h e t ra ditio n r e l a ti n g to thi s

’

i m po r ta n t i n s t r u m e n t a s tho s e i n t e r e s t e d will fin d it fully n ot i c e d i n

,

B un ti n g s An ci e n t I r i s h M u s ic coll 18 40 O C u rr y s Le ctur e s vol iii an d

’

,
.
,
’ ’

, . .
,

P r oc e e di n g s of t h e Soci e ty of A n tiqu a r i e s Scotl a n d vol 18 8 0 8 1 p 2 3 , , .

-
,
. .

By th e kin d p e r m i s s io n of t h e Re v Tho m a s K Abbott Se n ior Fe llow an d . .

,

L ib ra r i an of T r in ity Coll e ge t h e w r ite r h a s h a d a s er i e s of photogra ph s ,

s p e ci a lly t a k e n for t h e pu r po s e of ill u s t ra ti n g thi s wo r k ; a n d s ub s e qu e n tly ,

wh e n h e co n s id e r e d it n e c e s s a ry to e x a m i n e a n d tr a c e t h e C e ltic or n a
m e n t a tio n p e r m i s s io n w a s r e a dily g ran t e d f or th a t pu r po s e
,
.

I f t h e re a d e r e x a m i n e s t h e illu s tr a tio n s a n d di a gr a m s which s how t h e

o rn a m e n t a tio n on t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e a n d fo r e pill ar t h e followi n g s t a t e -
,

m e n t s will b e m or e cl e a rly u n d e rs tood Th e l e ft s id e of t h e h a r m on ic

3
.

cur v e w a s d e co ra te d i n a s e r i e s of li n e s cur v e s a n d c i rcl e s (Fig L ) all , ,

.
,

of which w e r e a pp a re n tly d r a w n by a hot i r on Th e cha r r i n g w a s n ot .

d e e p a n d t h e wo r k w a s ca re fully e x e cut e d O v e r t h e diffe r e n t ci r cl e s

,
.
,

a n d i n t h e c e n t r e of t h e s p a c e s b e tw e e n t h e two p a r a ll e l li n e s which e n d

i n cu r v e s th e r e w e r e m o s t p r ob a bly s ilv e r bo s s e s fou r of which m a y b e

, ,

s e e n a n d it s hould b e n otic e d th a t wh e r e x occu r s upo n t h e upp e r po r tio n

, ,

on e of t h e e ight ci r cl e s i s n ot co m pl e t e Th e r ight s i de of t h e ha rm o n ic .

c u r v e t h e wr ite r b e li e v e s w a s d e cor at e d i n a s i m il a r m a n n er but

, , ,

1 t i y d l l w —B ti g c ll 18 40
Pe r e sa s re sa o un n o to be of th ta w oo d
l ft i d i m t th i d w h i ch
.
.
,

p 43 Ib d c ll 1809 t p 2 4
,
,

3 By th e e s e s ea n e s e
; i o n o e,

Acc d i g P t pi ll i f k ld b t t h l ft m f p f m
. . . .
, ,

or th n to e ri e e ar s o oa w ou e n e ar e s o t e e ar o a e r or er

B ti g c ll 18 40 p 43— t i t d
un n , o .
pp , . bu oe s n ot a ear w h en th e i n s t m ti
ru en s in u se .
56 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

no por tio n of t h e bu rn t li n e s can n o w b e s e e n Thi s s id e wa s .

e n r ich e d by s il v e r bo s s e s i n t h e c e n tr e s of t h e p a n e l s a n d upo n t h e c i rcl e s ,

on e of which r em a i n s a n d a l s o by a row of n i n e t e e n s ilve r k n ob s

,

u n de rn e a th t h e m e ta l h an d th r ough which t h e tun i n g p e gs p a s s (Fig IL )

,
-
. .

Th e r e a d e r m a y r e m ar k tha t wh a t h a s b e e n n otic e d a s occu r ri n g upo n

t h e l e ft s id e th a t i s t h e a pp e a r a n c e of a s e m ici r cl e
, ,
is a l s o fou n d ,

upo n thi s s id e wh e r e t h e x occu rs upo n th e di a g r a m I t a pp e ar s tha t .

t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e h ar m o n ic cu r v e wh e r e th e s e s e m ici r cl e s occu r

h as b e e n i n j ur e d or r e m ov e d which a ccou n ts for t h e n on a pp e ar an c e of
,
-

a co m pl e t e ci r cl e upo n e a ch s id e Wh e n t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e r i s e s fr om
.
1

t h e b ox t h e upp e r po r tio n i s r ou n d e d th e n s lightly fl a tt e n e d

, ,
Thi s .

fl a tte n i n g di m i n i s h e s a n d e n ds a bov e t h e h alf ci r cl e s b e fo r e m e n tio n e d ,

fr om which t o t h e te r m i n a tio n a t t h e ba s s it i s poi n t e d Th e e n d of .

t h e h ar m o n ic cu r v e b e i n g n ow cov e r e d by a s ilve r e n r ich m e n t it c a n n ot ,

b e s ta t e d wh e th e r u n d e rn e a th t h e m e ta l a n y of t h e o rigi n a l or n a m e n t a
tion is p r e s er v e d or n ot Th e m e ta l ba n d s thr ough which t h e tu n i n g p e g s
.
-

p as s for m si n gl e curve s a n d a r e o rn am e n t e d both a bove an d b e low t h e

,

p e gs by ba n d s or r ibbo n s on which di a go n a l li n e s a r e e n gra v ed U n d e r .

n e a th t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e th e r e is a boldly e x e cut e d m ouldi n g

(Pl a t e ,

Nos 5 a n d
. Both t h e s ou n di n g boa r d a n d s id e s of t h e box a r e
-

o rn a m e n t e d by burn t li n e s curv e s a n d ci r cl e s He r e th e o rn a m e n ta
, ,
.

tio n do e s n ot a pp e a r to h a v e be e n g e o m e tr ic a lly a ccu r a t e but t h e ,

d e s ign s ar e m o s t e l a bo r a te a n d v ar i e d (Pl a t e Nos 1 2 a n d , I t m ay .

, ,

b e con clud e d tha t t h e s ou n din g— boa r d w a s fla t a s it s till i s a t th e low e r ,

e xtr e m ity ; t h e r i s e which i s n ow s e e n i n t h e c e n t r e h a s b e e n c a u s e d by

t h e t e n sion of t h e s t r i n g s Th e r a i s e d s tr i n g b a n d te rm i n a te s at t h e upp e r
.

e xt re m ity a n d upo n e ith e r s id e i n s e m icircul a r cu r v e s Th e hol e s for t h e

s t r i n g s a r e p r ot e ct e d by m e t a l s ho e s of t h e st r i n g s m o s t of which a r e ,

wrought an d of good fo r m a n d i n high r e li e f but a re i rr e gul a rly pl a c e d ,

( se e p . A t p r e s e n t t h e t w o low e s t hol e s i n t h e s t r i n g b an d a r e m od e rn ,

t h e l a s t b e i n g i of a n i n ch low e r tha n it s hould b e Th e box a n d h a r m on ic .

cu r ve of thi s Ha r p a r e u n doubte dly of g r e a t an tiquity Th e for e pill a r .

-

i s cu r v e d ; t h e t e rm i n a tio n s of t h e T fo rm a tio n l i k e tho s e on t h e Qu e e n ,

M a r y Ha r p re s e m bl e h e a d s of r e ptil e s or fi s h e s
,
Wha t m ay b e t e rm e d .

e y e s a lthough p r o m i n e n t a r e n ot s o di s ti n ctly pro m i n e n t a s tho s e upo n t h e

, ,

1 hi p ti
T s or on of th e h a r m on i cc v
ur e h as b een in j di ci ly p
u ou s re a i re d .
 s e w . Th i s wa s
a n d upo n th e c i r cl e s ,

mat r o n s ilve r k n ob s

j c
-
p a s s (F i g I I )
o . .

s oc u r i i n
i c

g upo n

”
l a 1 a l s o fou n d
,

I
Y 1‘ 0 |
l It a pp e a r s tha t
n s i rol e s occu r
. v
 THE I R I S H HARP

A NC I ENT HA R P , TR I NI TY C OL L E G E , D U B L IN .

F ro m ge l ti
a ne t ig
ra c n s an d ru bbi n gs .

2 . Ri g h t s i d e of box . I . S di g b
oun n -
oa rd . 3 . L e ft s i d e of bo x .

4 . I ci d
n se o rn a m e n t , i n n er c v
u r e of f pill
ore - ar .
5 M ou ldi g n u n de r h a rm o n i cc v
u r e. 6 . Se cit on
58 MU S I CAL INST RUMENTS

th e p a tt e rn s a r e s how n by i n ci s e d li n e s an d t h e r e ma i n d e r by wha t m a y ,

p e r h a p s b e t e rm e d e n g ra vi n g upo n wood Th e a r ti s t i n e x e cuti n g thi s .

,

wo r k c ar e fully a voide d t h e e ye s of th e r e ptil e s or fi s h e s b e fo r e n otic e d

, .

Th e s ilv e r e n r ich m e n t which cov e rs t h e t e rm i n a tio n of t h e ha r m on ic

cu r ve p r ob a bly b e lo n g s to thi s p e r iod I t i s a s i n gul a r ly fin e pi e c e of .

m e ta l wor k a n d d e s e r v e s to b e s p e ci a lly n otic e d

-
,
Th e fr o n t i s i n t h e .

form of a p ar a ll e log r a m s u r m ou n te d by a tri a n gl e Withi n this tri a n gl e .

th e r e i s a s e tti n g which s till co n ta i n s a c ry s ta l ca bochon cut ; be n e a th

thi s c ry s t a l a n d withi n t h e p a r a ll e logr a m
th e r e i s a n ov a l s e tti n g fr o m which th e
s to n e h as b e e n lo s t or r e m ov e d At e a ch .

of t h e th r e e a n gl e s th e r e a r e boss e s in
t h e fo r m of bl a ckb e r r i e s an d wh e r e t h e ,

t w o s e tti n g s m e e t a n d a t e ith e r sid e , ,

ar e thr e e s i m il a r bo s se s with a pl a i n bo s s
'

i n t h e c e n t re of e a ch (Fig Th e .

ba ttl e m e n te d bor d e r a n d s ide s a r e w e ll

e x e cut e d (Fig .

At a l a t e r p e r i od thi s Ha r p p a s s e d
through t h e h a n d s of a n oth e r d e co ra to r ,

a n d h i s wo r k c a n b e e a s ily d e t e ct e d On .

t h e l e ft s id e of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e wh e r e ,

t h e s ilv e r bo s s e s h a d fa ll e n off or b e e n
r e m ov e d i n ci s e d o rn a m e n t a tio n will be
,

fou n d Th e I H C 1 a n d a ll t h e oth e r
. . . .

i n ci s e d o rn a m e n ta tion w a s th e n e x e cut e d .

E x a m i n i n g t h e r ight s id e w e fi n d t h e ,

V III whol e of t h e o rn a m e n ta tion i n ci s e d P r o .

ba bly a t t h e s a m e ti m e a co n s id e r a b l e
po r tion of t h e i n ci s e d o r n a m e n t a tion w a s
a dd e d to t h e s id e s of t h e fo r e pill a r -
2
.

I n fro n t of th e fo r e pill a r a n d i n t h e c e n tr e of t h e T fo rma t i on

-
,
-
,

th e r e i s a r ud e ly m a d e c a vity which w a s p r ob a bly i n t e n d e d to con ta i n

1
Th i O C
lS s
y d i g — L ct
’
u rr
’
s real iii
n . i d i fill d w i th
e m t
u re s , vo . .
t c m p i ti
s e It s e so e e o os on .
27 6 .
is t h e w ri t
th t th i i er s
’
O pi n i on a s s me
so of th e
pl t th t dh d w h h c t
as er a a e re en t e as to b e h e re

ch c d t i ght ft f d t tk
,
2
Mu of th e i n i s e or n a me n on th e r a e r re e r r e o, w as a en .
 THE I RISH HARP 59

a tti n g or m e ta l e n r ich m e n t Th e c e n tr e of t h e r e ptil e s h e a d a t

se .
,
’

t h e low e r e n d i s a l s o hollow e d out Th e s e ca vitie s w e r e c e r ta i n ly .

m a d e a ft e r t h e o r n a m e n t a tio n of t h e for e pill a r w a s co m pl e t e d Th e -

.

s m a ll s i lv e r b a dge with t h e r ight h an d which h a s s o cu r iou s a hi s to ry 1

w a s a tt a ch e d by n a il s to t h e c e n t r e of t h e r e ptil e s h e a d a t t h e upp e r ’

e n d a ft e r t h e o rn a m e n t a tio n h a d b e e n co m pl e t e d Th e r e d e cor a to r s .

w e r e con t e n t to a pply th e i r a rt to t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e an d t h e for e

pill a r Th e box w a s l e ft i n t a ct
.
.

M r E dwa rd Bu n ti n g e m ploy e d a n a r ti s t to m a k e th r e e d ra wi n gs of
.

t h e Ha r p upo n a fa i r ly l a rg e s c a l e a n d th e s e w e r e e n gra v e d for t h e thi r d ,

coll e ction of h i s A n ci e n t M u s ic of I r e l a n d 18 40 B u n ti n g s ill u s t ra to r , .

’

m u s t h a v e h a d a m pl e oppo r tu n ity of s tudyin g t h e Ha r p ; i n fa ct t h e ,

d r a wi n g s m u s t h a v e co s t m uch ti m e a n d l a bou r ; a n d it would b e

i n t e r e stin g if th e y could b e tr a c e d a s t h e e n gra vi n g s a r e n ot a s ,

a ccu ra t e a s could b e wi s h e d Th e o r n a m e n t a tion on t h e box h a d a t .

thi s p e r iod n ot be e n t a m p e r e d with a n d th e r e i s n o r e as on to s uppo s e ,

’
th a t Bu n ti n g s a r ti s t t a m p e re d with it i n a n y w a y .

So m e ti m e a ft e r Bu n ti n g s a r ti s t h a d co m pl e t e d h i s d r a wi n gs t h e
’

Ha rp be in g i n a d i l a pida t e d s t a t e it w as con s id e re d de s ira bl e to h a v e ,

it r e p a i r e d Th e p e rs o n e m ploy e d w a s u n a w a r e tha t u po n s o m e s p e ci
.

m e n s wh e n t h e for e pi ll a rs a r e co n s id e r a bly cu r v e d t h e di r e ct t e n s io n
,
-
,

of t h e s tr i n gs h a s d r a w n t h e ha r m on ic cu r v e s down w a r d s a n d s lightly
s ho r t e n e d t h e fo r e p il l a rs He w a s a l s o u n a w a r e of t h e obj e ct of t h e
-
.
2

T fo r m a tion ; s o h e l e n gth e n e d t h e low e r por tio n of t h e fo r e pill a r s o m e -

fou r i n ch e s a n d d e s t r oy e d t h e s y m m e tr y of t h e Har p (Fig s I X a n d X )

,
3
. . .

W e r e t h e l e n gth e n i n g of t h e for e —pill a r t h e o n ly i n j u ry don e to

t h e Ha r p it would b e of littl e co n s e qu e n c e ; s uch i n ju ry co u ld b e
,

r e ctifi e d B ut u n for tu n a t e ly th a t i s n ot s o a n d it i s t h e w rit e r s

.
,
’

duty to dr a w a tt e n tio n to t h e fa ct th a t t h e C e ltic o rn a m e n t a tio n of

h b dg h i ch i t t d b b z
1
T is a e, w s s a e to e r on e o th t bl p l
er s u i a e ace .

c v d i th i lv i ll t t d i h J
o e re w s l e r, s I us ra e n t e o u rn a
Th i W ll b f d t h v cc d p t h
H t i c l d A ch l g i c l A c t
,
s i e ou n o a e o u rre u on e
is or a

l d l 18 7 6 7 8 p 498 J
an f h
l f Ryl
r ae o o a s s o i a i on o e
L m a t h Q
on t M y e d th
“
K i ld u ee n ar
”
an e a re

H p c pt h C tl
, ,
an vo -
; ou r n a o o a
Th Ff g
S c ty f A t q I l d l 18 90 p 2 8 2
, .
,
ar s e ex e y i on s a re t e as e o ei t
d C tl Ot y H p h i ch m t h
.

o ie i o n i u ar e s , re a n vo

h i pp d d c v y W th ch i m
, .

w
.
, ,
an as e wa ar s, us ai e
w
i
n th Ph
e re

i P k
e
ts
d it
su

b q t
oe n x
os e

ar
is

an
o er

s su
i

se u en
a n ar

re s t ora
ou r
lly t g f pi ll
u n u su a s r on or e - ars .

t
i on l t d I f th i ci t b dg i gi ll y
are re a e . s an en a e or na H d th f
3 a p ll b ei gi lly c t ct d
or e - i ar e e n or na on s r u e

b l g d h H p i w p b bly tt ch d t
e on e to t e ar t as ro a a a e o as it w it w
no ld d bt dly h v b k
i s, ou un ou e a e ro en

th e d f th h m
en ic c v
o th b g e ar on ur e, ere ei n no atth l w e d o er e n .
60 M U SI CAL INST R U M E NT S

th e box h as b e e n e xt e n s iv e ly t a m p e r e d with O f thi s th e re can b e .

n o qu e stio n : t h e fa l s e lin e s e t c c an b e d e te ct e d by vi e wi n g t h e
,
.
,

r ight s id e of t h e sou n di n g bo a rd obliqu e ly fr o m t h e low e r e n d

-
Wh e n .

s o e x a m i n e d s l ightly i n d e n t e d li n e s m a y b e s e e n
, Th e s e ar e t h e tru e .

F IG .

Th e Har pi n i ts p r e se n t di t t d t t
s or e s a e. Th e m e a s u re men t s a re
gi v en in in ch es.

P ro b bl f
a e or m of th e Ha r pb fe ore it p as se d th gh t h h d
r ou e an s of th e t
re s or e r s .

li n e s an d whe n th e s e l i n e s d o n ot co rr e s pon d with othe rs t h e l a tte r

, ,

h a ve b e e n p a i n t e d a n d a r e fal s e Aga i n on t h e r ight — ha n d sid e of

.
,

t h e s ou n di n g —bo ar d a po r tio n of t h e an gl e of t h e box h a s b e e n wo rn

a wa
y by t h e fr ictio n of t h e a r m or w r i s t ; h e r e t h e orn a m e n ta tio n h a s
62 M U S I C A L I NSTR U M E NT S

Th e r e a r e thi r ty p eg hol e s M o s t of t h e p e gs a r e i n th e i r pl a c e s
-
.

an d a r e o r n a m e n t e d Th e e n ds of t h e m e ta l ba n d s thr ough which th e s e

.

p e gs p a s s a r e u n d e r t h e silv e r e n r ichm e n t but fr o m ca r e ful e x a m i n a tio n ,

it i s e vid e n t th a t th e se ba n d s e xte n d su ffici e n tly to a llo w of t h e thi r ti e th

tu n i n g p eg p a s s i n g t hr ough t h e en ds on ly I f t h e o rn a m e n t e d r ibbo n s
-
.

which a pp e ar on both ban d s a bov e an d b e low t h e tu n i n g —p e gs a re a l s o

c ar r i e d r ou n d t h e ba s s t e r m i n a tion s t h e Ha rp as i n t h e cas e of t h e , ,

Qu e e n M a r y Har p h a d p r oba bly o rigi n a lly tw e n ty n i n e s tr i n gs a n d th e

,
-
,

thi r ti e th tu n i n g p e g i s a n a dditio n ; but i n co n s e qu e n c e of t h e d e ca y of

-

t h e low e r po r tio n of t h e r a i s e d s tr in g b a n d a n d t h e e n d s of t h e b a n ds ,

b e i n g n ow cov e r e d n o positive s ta te m e n t a s to t h e o r igi n a l n u m b e r of

,

s t r i n gs c a n b e m a d e .

As t h e Har p is a t p r e s e n t t h e s ho r t e s t s tr i n g i s 3 i n ch e s Or i g i n a lly
,
.
,

t h e sho r t e s t s tr i n g w as p r ob a bly 2 % i n ch e s As t h e Ha rp is a t p r e s e n t .
,

t h e lo n g e s t s t r i n g i s i n ch e s O r i g i n a ll y t h e lo n g e st st r i n g w a s
.
,

p r oba bly 2 5 % i n che s .

Th e thickn e s s of t h e s oun din g bo ar d is r a th e r l e s s th a n i of a n i n ch -

.

Th e thick n e s s of t h e s id e s of t h e b ox n e a r t h e low e r e n d a n d wh e r e t h e ,

boa r d a t t h e ba ck i s fa s t e n e d to the m i s 3 of a n i n ch but t h e sid e s , ,

di m i n i s h i n thickn e s s a n d b e co m e m uch thi n n e r b e for e t h e s ou n di n g

,

boa r d i s re a che d Th e g r e a t e st br e a dth of th e T fo r m a tion i s 2 2 i n ch e s

.
7 .

F or oth e r m e a su r e m e n t s of t h e Har p i n i t s p r es en t s ta te t h e r e a d e r ,

m ust e x am i n e Fig I X . .

Thi s Ha rp which w a s l a st pl a y e d upon thr ough t h e s tr e e ts of L i m e rick

,

i n 17 6 0 by a c e l e b ra t e d h a r p e r A thur O Ne ill a lthough b a dly r e s to r e d

1 ’
r , ,

a n d d e plo r a bly t a m p e r e d with m ust a lw a s b e a n obj e ct of t h e d e e p e s t

y ,

i n t e r e s t n ot o n ly to tho s e of ou r ow n ti m e but to futu r e ge n e ra tion s

, ,
.

B e s id e s t h e illu s tra tio n s i n Bun ti n g s Ir i s h M u s ic a l r e a dy n otice d ’

e n g r a vi n g s h a v e a pp e a r e d i n W a lk e r s I r i s h B ar d s t h e E n cyclop ae di a ’

’
B r it a n n ic a E n cyclop ae di a L on di n e n s i s Re e s En cyclop ae di a C a m d e n s
, ,
’

L e d w i c h s A n tiquiti e s of I r e l an d Dubli n Pe n n y
’
B r it an n i a e d ,
.
,

J ou r n a l t h e B ook of t h e Clu b of t h e T r u e Highl a n d e r s a n d oth e r wo r k s

,
3
, ,

but th e y a r e of s ca r c e ly a n y va lu e or i n te re st Tha t which a pp e a r s i n .

M r a n d M r s S C Ha ll s I r e l a n d vol ii p 410 i s s p e ci a lly i n co r re ct

’
. . . . . .
.
, .
,

1 t g c ll 18 40 p 4
Bu n i n o 3 V ol i . p 48 . Re v er s e d
Th g vi g i v d
. . .
, .
, . ,

2 is en ra n s re e rs e .
 i ii f RU M E
J
‘
'
NTS

fi
" rs t of p e g
th es a r e i n th e ir p l a ces

me ta l ba n d s thr o u g h which th e se

r ut but,
fr o m ca r e fu l e x a m i n a tio n

/i w m l b e lo w t h e tu n i n g -
s are also
p eg
i
.

4
!
gm H ar p as i n ,
t h e c a s e of t he
an d t h e
w l v t w e n ty n i n e
'

s tr i n s
-
g ,

a nd th e ds f th e ban ds
t ion of m » n t-i
i s J i s al l ,
. en o

m ade .

is at r t i
f i a rm wri ng w 3 i n c hem Qr i gi n dlly ,

rp p res
y
.

tr in cr w as Au m
r
, I M y h the Harp i s at prese n t ,
 THE I R I S H HA R P 63

THE CA ST
I f t h e s o c ll e d ca s t s which m a y
-
a xa m in e d
be s ee n in ou r M us e ums a re e ,

t h e o rn a m e n ta tion upo n t h e box wil l b e fou n d t o b e i n ci s e d Th e o rn a .

m en t a tio n upo n both s id e s of th e s ou n di n g bo a r d i s t h e s a m e but u o n t h e -

p ,

Ha r p t h e o rn a m e n t a tion upon t h e s id e s of t h e s ou n din g boa r d i s to s om e -

e xt e n t di ffe r e n t Th e o rn a m e n t a tio n upo n t h e right a n d l e ft s id e s of t h e

.

box i s upon t h e c a s t t h e s a m e th a t i s t h e o r n a m e n t atio n of t h e r ight s id e

, ,

of t h e box of th e Ha r p which th e w r ite r h a s a l re a dy s t a t e d h a s be e n

,

p a i n t e d ov e r h a s b e e n r e p r oduc e d upo n both s id e s of t h e c as t a lthough t h e

, ,

orn a m e n ta tio n upo n t h e l e ft s i d e of t h e Ha r p i s di ff e r e n t Upon on e of .

1

th e s e s o ca ll e d c a s ts t h e e n d of t h e box i s cove r e d with s pu r iou s orn a

-

m e n t a tio n t h e a b s u r d a dditio n to t h e fo r e pill a r a n d t h e s h a m p r oj e c t i n g -

block a r e a l s o cov e r e d with s pu r iou s o r n a m en ta tion Th e ca viti e s upon .

t h e fr o n t of t h e fo r e pill a r s a r e fi ll e d up a n d cov e r e d with s pu r iou s

-

or n a m e n ta tio n ; a n d t h e s e m ici r cl e s m a r k e d x (Fig s I a n d which . .

occu r upo n e ith e r s id e of t h e ha r m on ic cu r v e a re r e pl a c e d by s m a ll ,

ci r cl e s ; upo n an oth e r of th e s e s o c a ll e d c a s t s t h e s e tti n g fr o m which t h e

-

c ry s ta l i s m i s s i n g i s fu rn i s h e d with a g e m cut i n fa c e t s ! To s how t h e

m i s chi e f which m a y b e c a u s e d by th e s e c a s t s on e of th e s e pl a s t e r ,

a bo m i n a tio n s h a s b e e n e n g r a v e d for t h e P r oc e e di n g s of an i m po r t an t
A r ch ae ologica l Soci e ty to illu s t ra t e a p a p e r by on e of i t s m e m be rs t h e ,

s oci e ty b e i n g of cou r s e un a w a r e th a t t h e s id e of t h e box s o r ep r e

s e n t e d s how e d o r n a m e n t a t io n di ff e r e n t fr o m th a t upo n t h e Ha r p an d ,

tha t m uch of t h e oth e r o r n a m e n ta tion r e p re s e n t e d i s s pu r iou s If a .

c a s t of a n obj e ct of i n t e r e s t i s to b e of va lu e it s hould be a b s olute ly ,

co rr e ct ; a d ra wi n g m ay n ot b e s o but a ca s t u n til it i s p r ov e d to b e , ,

wor thl e s s i s a cc e pt e d a s a fa c s i m il e
,
.

HA R P M O U NTI NG S F O U ND A T B A L L I ND E RR Y

Na tio n a l M u s e u m Dubli n m a y b e s e e n i n a s i n gul arly fi n e

In t h e , ,

s t a t e of p r e s e r va tio n t h e b r a s s m ou n ti n g s for a n I r i s h Har p fr o m t h e

Cr a n n og of B a lli n d e rry n e a r M oa t Ki n g s Cou n ty ,
’
.

F or t h e t e r m i n a tio n of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e th e r e i s a n e n r ichm e n t ,

t h e fr o n t e n d of which i s t r i a n gul a r i n fo r m (s e e illu s tra tio n ) Upo n .

t h e fr on t i s t h e m o n ogr a m I H S s u r m ou n t e d by a c r o s s a n d b e n e a th
. . .
,

1 Th e w ri t th i k t c y t d
er n s I ne es s ar o ra w a tt en id f th s e o e b ox h as n ot b t mp d W th
een a e re i an d
ti f ct th t th m t t f t h l ft th t i t h b p d c d p th c t
,

on t o th e a a e orn a en a i on o e e a a s n ot een re ro u e u on e as .
64 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

7
an i n t e rl a c e d cr o s s e n clo s e d
ci r cl in
e Thi
a s tri a n gul a r.fr o n t i s 6 3; i n ch e s
lon g t h e lowe r sid e of t h e tr i an gl e b e i n g
,

2 3 i n ch e s br o a d Atta che d to t h e e dge s .

of thi s t r i an gul a r fa c e by fi ve n a ils with

or n a m e n t e d h e a d s th e r e is a n e l a bora t e ly
wr ought bord e r or fra m e Th e sid e s of .

thi s t e r m i n a tion wi th ou t t h e bo rd e r a r e
1
i n ch e s b r o a d e a ch sid e ha vi n g di ffe r e n tly
,

e n g r a v e d p a tt e rn s Upo n t h e r ight s id e .

th e r e i s a br as s suppor t for s tr e n gth e n i n g

an d r e tai n i n g i n po s ition t h e h a r m on i c
cu r v e a n d t h e for e p il l a r (se e ill u s tr a tio n ) -
.

Thi s s uppo r t which is Si i n ch e s lo n g by ,

2 % a t t h e wid e s t p a rt i s pi e r c e d i n t h e ,

ce n tr e i n t h e form of a c r os s Th e upp e r .

t e r m i n a tio n of t h e s uppo r t i s a d ra go n
e s qu e h e a d t h e low e r po r tion divid e s a n d
cu r v e s outw a r dly ; t h e t e r m i n a tio n of e a ch
e n d r e s e m bl e s t h e h e a d of a b ir d Tha t .

n e a r e s t to t h e t r i a n gul a r t e rm i n a tio n i s

s o m e wh a t s ho r t e r to a llow f or t h e c om ,
T
L EF SI D E

m e n c e m e n t of t h e T fo r m a tion Th e .

ba n d s f or s tr e n gthe n i n g t h e h a rm on ic
cu r v e upon e ithe r s id e pi e r c e d for thirty ,

s i x tu n i n g p e g s for m s i n gl e curv e s a n d
-
,

a r e o rn am e n t e d a s ar e a l s o t h e tu n i n g ,

p e g s Th e m e a s u r e m e n t fr om t h e fir st
.

tu n in g p eg i n th e tr e bl e to t h e tr i a n gul a r
-

W
L O N
ER E D fa c e i s 19 i n ch e s .

The s e b ra s s m ou n ti n g s (th e p r op e r ty of t h e R oy a l I r i s h Ac a d e m y ) ,

p r ob a bly l a t e s ixt e e n th c e n tu r y w e r e e ith e r a tta ch e d to or i n t e n d e d for

,

a Har p of a l a r g e s iz e p e r h a p s fi ve fe e t i n h e ight
,
At p r e s e n t th e y a r e .

pl a c e d upo n a m od e l a n d t h e tu n i n g p e g s a l m o s t a l l of which a r e e xtan t

,
-
, ,

ar e i n s e r t e d i n t h e r e s p e ctiv e hol e s Th e s e m ou n ti n g s a r e e xc e ption a lly

.

fi n e fi n e r th a n a n y oth e r k n ow n Sp e ci m e n s
,
Th e bo r d e r or fr a m e .

a tt a ch e d to t h e t r i an gul ar t e r m i n a tio n i s d e s e r vi n g of Sp e ci a l n otic e .

1 Th e b d
or er r is e s
3 i n ch th e h d ea s of th e n ai l s ar e
g i n ch a bv
o e th e b d
or er .
as tr i an gula r fa c e by fi ve n a ils with
t d h ds th r e is a n e l a bor a t e ly
s en e ea
e
h t b o r d e r or fr a m e T h e s id e s of
g
.

r i io w i h t t h bord r ar e 1g
te m n a t n t o u e e

in b o
r ad ea ch ,
sid‘
e h a vi n g di ff e r e n tl y

M a il i h i g i n pos i tion th e h ar m on ic
a ma d t h e fora pil l a r (s e e i ll ustra tion )
- .

sup or }
p t w hich is
,
8 i n ch e s lo n g by

t h e W es id t p a rt is pi e rc e d,
i n t h e

m m t h e fo rm o f a c r oss T h e upp e r

M n o
o f t h e s up p o r t is a dr a go n

w e d ; t h e lo w e r p ortio n divid e s a n d
m t w a r dl y t he t e rm i n a tio n of e a ch

h h d o f a b i rd Th at
h i b l e s t e a n .

c l th e t rian g u lar ru m i n a t io n is
.

44
.
i
t of t he T fufl lfl t ifl n . Th e

ar t “ wt t
"

h e Roy a i 1M Aca d em y ) ,

m, a h as : at ta ch ed t o m i n te n d e d for
At p m n t th ey a re
mg h t .

r i m o s t a ll of w h i ch a r e e xt an t ,

i g xc ptio n al l y
m m
”

fi v ou n t n s a r e e e

n ssw u zm m
c
'
T h e bo r d e r o r fr am e
 66 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NTS

fur th e r b a ck a r e s id e by s id e t w o c re a tu re s
,

F ‘ G HL FIG I“
' ’

with h e a d s wi n gs two l e gs a n d lon g s n a k e

, , , ,

lik e t a il s a l s o i n high r e li e f ; th a t upo n t h e l e ft

,

s id e h a s a cock s h e a d
’
an d ma
y ha v e be e n ,

i n t en d e d for a cock a t r ic e th a t upo n t h e r ight ,

s id e i s d ra go n e s u e p e r h a p s a wyve rn Alon g
q , .

t h e u n d e r s id e of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e th e r e i s a
pl a i n m ouldi n g i n r e li e f i n t h e fo r m of a n
e lo n ga t e d p a n e l (Fig I L ) Upo n t h e r ight s i de
. .

of t h e fo re p i ll a r a n d a t t h e low e r t e rm i n a tio n
-
, ,

th e r e i s a l s o a p a n e l upo n which a r e re pr e s e n te d
a c a m e l a n d a go a t a bov e which a n d e xt e n di n g
,

to t h e upp e r t e r m i n a tio n of t h e T p r oj e ctio n

th e r e i s a b e a uti ful foli a c e ou s p a tte rn a n d ,

towa r d s t h e upp e r e xtre m ity a p a n e l upo n which

a n u m b e r of a n i m a ls a r e r e p r e s e n t e d all a
p ,

a r e n tl
1
with clov e n hoofs Alo n g t h e fl an g e
p y .

or b a ck of t h e T fo r m a tio n th e r e i s a fi n e d e s ig n

r e p r e s e n ti ng po m e gr a n a t e s a n d l e av e s a lt e r

n a tel
y wo r k e d ou t by i n ci s e d wo r k a n d e n
,

g ra v e d li n e s Thi s p a tte r n which i s a l m o s t

.
,

e n ti r e ,
i s a l s o e n r ich e d by colou r (Fig .

Upo n a p a n e l a t t h e low e r e xt re m ity of t h e

l e ft s id e of t h e cu r ve d fo r e pill a r two b e a v e r s -
,

a r e r e p r e s e n t e d i n low r e li e f Abov e thi s p an e l .

,

i s s ui n g fr om t h e op e n j a w s of a wolf th e re i s a ,

m o s t e l a bo r a t e a n d b e a utiful foli a c e ou s p a tt e r n
which i s co n ti n u e d to t h e u pp e r t e r m i n a tion of
t h e Tp r oj e ctio n a bov e which a n d withi n a p a n e l
,

i s r e p r e s e n t e d a s t ag a n d a p e t h e l a tt e r with
2
,

a b a n d s ur r ou n di n g t h e body to which a lo n g ,

cha i n i s a tt a ch e d A l o n g t h e fl a n g e or b a ck of
.

t h e T fo r m a tio n th e r e i s a n o rn a m e n t a l d e s ig n
of flow e rs a n d l e a v e s s how n by i n ci s e d a n d
the p td p
Ha r re s e u on b ck f t h b
th e a o e ox .

1
Th e an i ma sl p b th i d f
u on o s es o th e f o re Th i p
2 l s an e w as c mpl t w h B ti g
o e e en un n
’
s

arm c ldou on ly h v b p p ly
a e e en ro er s ee n w h en i ll t t d w th
us r a or re e H p b t 18 0 9
ar a ou .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 67

g ra v e d li n e s a n d e n r ich e d by colou r O n ly a po r tio n of thi s p a tt e rn

en ,
.

n ow r e m a i n s Fig Upo n t h e u pp e r po r tio n of h e fr o n t of t h e

( . t
fo re pill a r i s t h e d a t e 16 2 1 b e low which a r e t h e R oy a l a r m s ; tho s e of
-
,

I r e l an d— a Ha r p of t h e for m th e n i n u s e — occupyi n g t h e fou r th qu a r t er ,

b e n e a th which a re t h e a rm s of Si r Joh n Fitzge r a ld of Cloy n e i m p a l e d

w ith tho s e of h i s wife s u rm ou n t e d by a h e l m e t c r e s t a n d m a n t e l i n g
, , , ,

“ ” ”
a n d with t h e m otto e s V i r e s c i t vul n e r e vi r tu s a n d Boute z e n a v a n t , ,

c a r ve d u n d e rn e a th Upo n t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e fr o n t a r e th re e p an el s
.

e n clo s i n g p a tt e rn s i n l o w r e li e f Th e T for m a tio n t e r m i n a t e s i n a .

v e ry d e lic a te i n te rl a c e d p a tt e r n Thi s p a tt e r n e xte n d s to t h e ba ck a n d .

,

fo rm s t h e t e r m i n a tio n of t h e fla n g e upon e ith e r s id e Th e t e r m i n a tio n .

of th e for e pill a r i s a l s o o r n a m en t e d
-
Th e b a ck of t h e fo r e p i ll a r i s .
-

a l m o s t wholly cov e r e d by a n i n s c r iptio n Thi s Ha r p i s r ich i n i n s cr i p .

tio n s i n I ri s h a n d L ati n Th e fo r m e r a s t ra n s l a t e d by O C u rr y a re h e re
.
,
’

r e p r i n te d :

“
Th e s e a r e th e y who w e r e s e r vito r s to Joh n Fitz E d m o n d [Fitz
G er a ld] a t Cl u a i n [Cloy n e ] a t t h e ti m e tha t I w a s m a d e viz t h e St e wa r d
, , ,
.

th e r e w a s J a m e s Fitz John an d M a u r ic e Wa l s h w a s ou r Sup e r i n t e n d e n t ;

,

a n d D e r m od Fitz Joh n Wi n e Butl e r ; a n d Joh n Ru a dh a n w a s B e e r

,

Butl e r ; a n d Philip Fitz Don n e l w as Cook th e r e A n n o Do m i n i ,

Th e i g e O R u a r c w a s Ch am b e rl a i n th e r e a n d J a m e s R u s s e l w a s Hou s e
’

M ar s h a l ; a n d M a u r ic e Fitz Tho m a s a n d M a u r ic e Fitz Ed m o n d ; th e s e

w e r e a ll di s c r e e t a t t e n d a n ts upon h i m Philip F i t z t e i g h M a gra th w a s .

Ta ilo r th e r e ; D on n c h a dh Fitz T e igh w a s h i s C a r p e n te r — i t w as h e ,

th a t m a d e m e .

G i oll a p a t r i c k M a c G r id a n w a s m y M u s ici a n a n d Ha r m o n i s t ; a n d if I
could h a v e fou n d a b e tte r h i m s hould I h a v e an d D e rm ot M C ri da n , ,
C

a lo n g wi t h h i m two highl y a cco m pli s h e d m e n who m I h a d to n u r s e m e

,
.

” 1
An d on e v e ry on e of th e s e m a y G od h a v e m e r cy on th e m a ll .

Upon t h e il lu s tr a tion which m ay b e s e e n i n Bu n t i n g s volu m e of 18 0 9 ’

on e s id e of t h e fo r e pill a r i s r e p r e s e n t e d a n d it a pp e a r s a t th a t p e r iod
-
,

1 “
Be s i d es the I h ri s i nsc i ptir on s th ere is, in re m a i n
‘
P l ec to vi c n o re g o mon s t vi
ra r os

l g
ar e R om a n l tt
e e rs , n e a r t h fig e u re of a q uee n m u si cs . D ei d on u m d i s t r a c t as s ol a t u r m u si c a

f th h ic c v t gl d
.
,

at th e en d o e a r m on ur e men t es u s on u s t r a n mt SI C o r i a. mu n i

IG E E B M E F ER I I F E C ERU NT EG O SU M V ctv i
i n i Up he r tas
’
on t e i n 81 d e of th e b ow i n

l g l tt i c b d t l
.

R EG I NA C I THA RA R U M ar e e e rs s ins ri e
‘
D on a us fi i us Th a d e i
p dg f p ll ) m f ci t p ct
. ,

U the of the b ow m i D — O C u rry

’ ’
Le
on e e ( or e -
i ar w e re e e s es ea n eo s u re s ,

t c i pt p ti lly l t) th pp 2 92 93
.
,

L a i n i ns r i on s (n ow ar a os : e re vol . 111. .
-
.
68 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

to ha ve be e n of t h e full l en gth B e s id e s t h e upp e r portion which .

,

h a s s i n c e m ould e r e d a w a y oth e r po r tio n s h a v e a l s o di s a pp e ar e d

, Th e .

for e —p i ll a r p a s s e d th r ough t h e h a n d s of a r e s to r e r a n d t h e m i s s i n g ,

por tio n s w e r e s uppli e d i n pl a s te r or gild e r s putty I t would h a v e ’

.

b e e n b e tt e r h a d th e s e por tio n s b e e n l e ft pl a i n how e v e r a s t h e r e s to r er , ,

h a s n ot a ltog e th e r succ e s s fully cov e r e d m uch of t h e r e s to r e d po r tio n s

with d e co ra tion Upo n th e n e g a tiv e s th a t w e r e s p e ci all y t a k e n for t h e
.

pu r pos e of illu s t ra ti n g thi s wo r k t h e w r it e r h a d li n e s d r a wn s e pa r a ti n g ,

t h e o r igi n a l fr om t h e r e s to r e d po rtio n s Th e s e lin e s which upon t h e .

,

illu s t ra tio n s a pp e a r whit e a r e i n t e n d e d to e n a bl e t h e r e a d e r to dis

,

t i n g u i s h b e tw e e n t h e g e n ui n e a n d s pu r iou s o r n a m e n t a tio n .

Thi s Ha r p h a s fo r ty fi ve s tr i n g s i n on e r ow a n d a l s o s e v e n a ddition a l
-
,

s t ri n g s on t h e l e ft s id e which a r e s uppo s e d to h a v e b e e n tu n e d i n
,

u n i s on with t h e co r re s po n di n g s t r i n g s which occu r a bout t h e m iddl e

of t h e s ca l e Th e m e t a l b a n d s upon e ith e r s id e of t h e ha rm o n ic cu r v e
.

th r ough which t h e tu n i n g —p e g s p a s s fo r m s i n gl e cu r ve s m o s t of t h e p e g s
a re i n th e i r pl a c e s a n d a r e o r n a m e n t e d Th e e xtr e m e l e n gth of t h e .

h ar m o n ic cu r v e i s 3 5 — i n ch e s
2 Th e d e pth m e as u r e d be t we e n th e
.

thi r d a n d fou r th p e gs i n t h e ba s s i s 6 % i n ch e s Th e e xtr e m e l e n gth .

of t h e fra gm e n t of t h e fo r e pill ar i s 3 3 i n che s Th e d e pth a bov e -

.

t h e T p r oj e ctio n i s 4% i n ch e s Th e d e pth b e low th e T p r oj e ction i s.

4 i n ch e s Th e l e n gth of t h e T p r oj e ctio n is 2 6 % in ch e s ; a t i t s wid e s t

.

p a r t it i s l i i n ch e s b r o a d a t t h e b a ck I i i n ch e s
A Th e fo re p i ll a r i n
, .
-

fro n t bo th a t t h e u pp e r a n d lowe r e xt r e m iti e s i s 15 ; i n ch e s b r o a d

1
.

Th e width a t t h e b a ck a t t h e upp e r e xt re m ity i s 11 i n ch e s a t t h e 5

3
“

1
low e r e xt re m ity i i i n ch e s .

To obta i n co rr e ct photog r a phs of thi s Ha r p t h e w r it e r h a d t h e ,

e x i s ti n g po r tio n s pl a c e d s id e by s id e both b e i n g a t t h e s a m e di s t a n c e ,

fr o m t h e ca m e r a a s th e y would h a d t h e Ha r p b e e n i n a p e r fe ct s t a t e .

Th e photog ra phs w e r e th e n a r r a n g e d a n d t h e m is s i n g po r tion of t h e ,

for e pill a r s uppli e d

-
.

Wh e n co n s t r ucti n g a p r oba bl e box t h e w r it e r di s cov e r e d tha t t h e ,

u p p e r po r tio n of t h e box to fit t h e h a rm on ic cu r ve r e quir e d to b e , ,

fo r m e d obliqu e ly (s e e Pl a t e a l s o th a t if t h e s ou n di n g bo ar d of t h e -

1 p t
A o r i on p b bly th h m i c c v
ro a th p ti p h p t h f
e ar on m ur e, w as an o er or on , er a s e ore - a r w as i n t h e
h bi t d B lf t i 2 by M tt D l y p Sh d f D bl i
, ,

ex i e at e 18 5
as n i f M a rr i o a wa os s e s s on o rs . e rr ar o u n —D e s c r i p
ll h ll C i ckf g A th i p i d ti v C t l g i bi d App di
,

Esq of Be a i ,
a rr er u s. t s er o e a a o u e, . en x.
70 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

p r oj e cti n g block a s s u ppli e d to t h e c a s ts of t h e e xi s ti n g po r tion s

,

which m a y b e s e e n i n ou r m u s e u m s a r e d e cor a t e d which i s m uch to

, ,

b e r e gr e tt e d . Th e r e i s a l s o a con s id e ra bl e a m ou n t of s pu r iou s o rn a
m e n ta tion upo n t h e b a ck of t h e r e s to r e d po r tio n s of t h e T fo r m a tio n
which for tu n a t e ly do e s n ot a pp e a r u po n tho s e por tio n s of t h e Ha r p .

Th e upp e r po r tio n o f t h e for e pill a r n ow m i s s i n g p a r ticul a rly th a t of

-
, ,

t h e r ight s id e of which th e r e is n o d r a wi n g wh e n i n a p e r fe ct s ta t e
, ,

h a s a l s o s pu r ious o rn a m e n t a tio n In fa ct t h e r e s to r e r
. h a s n e gl e ct e d
,

n o p a r t of t h e fo r e — pill a r e xce pt tho s e po r tio n s which w e r e o n c e cov er e d

with i n s c r iption s t h e m i s s i n g po r tio n s of s uch i n s cr iption s h e w a s u n a bl e
to s upply .

THE K I L D AR E HA RP

Thi s Ha r p r e m a r k a bl e for siz e fo r m a n d d e cor a tio n w a s a pp a r e n tly

, , , ,

m a d e i n 16 7 2 for R ob e r t s e co n d s on of G e o r g e t h e s ixt e e n th E ar l
, ,

of Kilda r e who s e i n iti a l s with t h e Fitzg e r a ld a r m s ch a r g e d with a

, ,

c r e s c e n t i n chi e f s u r m ou n te d by a he l m e t a n d a n a p e f or cr e s t a pp e a r ,

upo n t h e fr o n t of t h e fo re pill ar Se e Pl a t e I II (Fig L )

. . . .

Th e d e co r a tion of thi s Ha r p m a y b e d e s c r ibe d a s e a r ly J a cob e a n .

Th e cu r v e d for e pill a r h a s a t i t s low e r t e rm i n a tion a n d i n fr on t a

-

g r ote s qu e hu m an m as k or fa c e a bov e which i s a n e l a bo ra t e ly i n ci s e d

,

ca r vi n g s u r roun d e d by a ci r cl e (Fig A bl a n k s p a c e s u r r ou n d e d by
.

a s e ri e s of s e m ici r cl e s i n colou r the n occu r s ; th e s e s e m ici r cl e s c r o s s

e a ch othe r on t h e i n n e r s id e t h e poi n t e d ,

por tio n s of t h e orn a m e n t a tion s h a d e d upon ,

t h e illu s t r a tio n b e i n g p a i n t e d d e e p oliv e gr e e n

,
B e twe e n thi s p a n e l a n d
.

t h e a r m o r i a l b e ar i n g s a n d d a t e t h e a r ti s t h a s r e p r oduc e d t h e o rn a m e n t
,

of t h e i n cis e d c ar vin g i n colou r The s e colou r e d orn am e n ta tion s a r e

.

re p e a t e d a bov e t h e a r m o r i a l b e a r i n g s a s i s a l s o t h e i n ci s e d o rn a m e n t
,

s u rr ou n d e d by a ci r cl e a l re a dy n otic e d Th e upp e r por tion of t h e

‘

fo r e pi ll a r te rm i n a te s i n a h e a d fa ci n g upw ar d s p e r ha p s th a t of a wolf
-
,

or dog i n v e r y high re li e f
(Figs I I I a n d . Th e T p r oj e ctio n e xt e n d s
.

t h e e n ti r e l e n gth of t h e fo r e pill a r a n d i s a t t h e c e n t r e 4—
-
, 3 i n ch e s wid e ,

th a t po r tion of t h e pill a r n e a re s t t h e s oun di n g boa r d be i n g I i in ch e s -

wid e Th e e dge of t h e T p r oj e ctio n i s o r n am e n t e d i n obliqu e s t r ip e s

.
 M U SI CAL I NSTR U M R

bloc k ppli e d to t h e
proj e ct i n g as
,
s u

which ma y be se n e i n o u r m u s e u m s .

Th l
“
i ca r e
b e r e g r e tt ed . e re s a a s a

u t h b k o f t he
m e n ta t i ona
p o n e a n
[

h f u t l d n ot fi sn wh
'

whic o r t n a y
e
o e s

The u p pe p r o r t i o n o f t h e f o r e p i
- .

t he ri ht s id e f ow h i ch ti nt- r
e
a
e f
v

g .

h as a lso p s u r - s u e o r n a m ent a l "

i i

n o p a rt of t he fo r e p il
~
l a r e x a
m ,

i
w ith n s c r ti o n s t h e m i ss i n g Q »
i
p
to su p ply .

TB r it i .

Th i s Ha p r r e m
,
ar k a bl e for s i t s "
,

mad e i n 1 7 6 2 for R ob e r t , o n

ho i i i l L b
o f Kilda r e W ,
s e n t a s

r c t i n chi e f s u r m o u n t e d b y
c e s en -

upo n t h e fr on t of t he f re pi l la r a

Th e d e cor tio
a n o f t h is H m
Th e curv e d fore dl a t l i e - n s .

r ot e squ e hu m a n mas h
g
urrou d d b i i 4 t
c a rvi n g s n e y 9 .

a s e ri e s of s e m i c i rcl e s i i d v - . m
p o wz

a
s . the! ~ cl th e
 THE I R I S H HA R P 71

p a i n te d i n bl a ck a n d whit e Th e fo r e pill ar i s n ot m or ti s e d i n to t h e
.
-

h a r m on ic cu r v e a s i n t h e old e r h a r p s but i s c a r r i e d up a n d for m s ,

t h e b a s s t e r m i n a tio n of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e Th e fo r e pill ar h a s b e en
.
-

s lightly b e n t a n d s ho r t e n e d by t h e t e n s io n of t h e s t r i n g s
,
.

Th e h a rm on ic cu r v e which i s b e a utifu lly fo r m e d a n d r ichly d e cor a t e d

, ,

h a s n e a r t h e t r e bl e e n d a n d upo n t h e upp e r s id e a gr ot e s qu e m a s k or
fa c e i n r e li e f (Fig a n d t e r m i n a t e s i n a s cr oll
. Th e c a rvi n gs h a v e
.

b e e n e n r ich e d by colou r of which r e d bl a ck whit e a n d oliv e g r e e n a r e

, , , ,

s till vi s ibl e Th e m e ta l ba n d s thr ough which t h e p e g s p a s s h a v e a v e r y

.

s li ght , s ca r c e ly p e r c e ptibl e doubl e cu r v e ,

Th e s e b a n d s a r e pi e r c e d
.

f or 3 6 p e g s Th e p e gs a re o r n a m e n t e d th e r e a r e a l s o two a dditio n a l p e g s
.

i n th e ba s s B e s id e s the s e th e r e w e r e c e r t a i n ly two oth e r hol e s (on e

.

of which h as b e e n plugg e d ) which h a v e b e e n i n t e n d e d for p e g s .

Th e box which i s s uppo s e d to b e of y e w i s cut out o f a s olid block

, , ,

a n d v a r i e s i n d e pth fr o m 4 i n ch e s n e a r t h e upp e r e xt r e m ity 55 i n ch e s ,

i n t h e m iddl e to 3 1 5 i n ch e s a t t h e low e r t e r m in a tio n

,
Th e .

s ou n d i n g bo a d which i s 1 6 of a n
-
r —7
,
i n ch i n thick n e s s h as ,

a bout t h e c e n t r e t w o fin e ly o r n a m e n t e d s ou n d hol e s No
( -
.

a bov e which a r e two i n ci s e d d e co r a tio n s e n clo s e d i n ci r cl e s

( N o
. a n d b e low t h e s ou n d hol e s a r e oth e r two i n ci s e d
-

o rn a me n ts of diffe r e n t d e s ig n fr o m tho s e a bov e t h e s ou n d

hol e s but e n clos e d i n ci r cl e s (No
, Th e s ou n din g bo a r d
.
-
,

which w a s p a i n te d or pick e d out i n colou rs of which r e d ,

whit e d ar k br o wn or bla ck a re s till vi s ibl e t e r m i n a t e s upon

, , ,

e ith e r s id e of t h e u s u a l p r oj e ct i n g block i n s e m ici r cul ar

e n di n g s At t h e low e r t e r m i n a tio n t h e s ou n di n g —bo ar d

.
,

i s 1 f t 2 i n br o a d
. Th e r a i s e d po r tio n or s t r i n g b a n d
. .
,

which i n thi s e x a m pl e b e gi n s at t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity

of t h e box t e r m i n a t e s i n two s te p s upo n e ith e r s id e
, ,

a n d i s th e n c a rr i e d r ou n d t h e s e m ici r cul a r e n di n g s of t h e s ou n di n g

bo a r d Abov e t h e t e n th s tr i n g thi s ra i s e d s t ri n g b a n d b ra n ch e s to
.
,

e ith e r s id e i n s e m ici r cl e s of s o m e wh a t M oo r i s h ch a ra ct e r t h e p r oj e ctio n ,

b e i n g th en c ar r i e d a lon g t h e a n gl e s fo r m e d by t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d -

a n d s id e s Th e r a i s e d s tr i n g b an d which h a s a hollow or d e p r e s s io n i n
.
,

t h e c e n tr e i s pi e r c e d f or 3 9 s t ri n g s t h e g r e a t e r n u m b e r of
, ,
t h e s ho e s
of t h e s tr i n gs a r e s till a tta che d ; th e s e a r e of b ra s s fi n e ly w r ought ,
72 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

d of ho r s e —s ho e for m t h e e xt re m iti e s r e p r e s e n ti n g t h e h e a ds of
“

an a re ,

bi rd s b e i n g tur n e d outwa r ds a n d up w a r d s (s e e p Th e sho e s of

“
.

t h e st r i n g s a re som e wha t n a r r ow e r i n t h e tr e bl e th an t h e ba s s .

Thi s h a r p i s str u n g with br a s s wi re of diffe r e n t thick n e s s e s Th e s e .

s t ri n gs m a
y n ot b e v e ry ol d but th e y a re p r ob a bly of t h e co r r e ct g a ug e
, ,

a s t h e s tr i n gi n g o f t h e Ha r p w a s u n d e r s tood i n 18 49 Th e s hor t e s t .

s tr i n g m e as u r e s 2 i n ch e s t h e lo n ge s t 40 in ch e s
, Th e r a i s e d ba n d s .

at t h e sid e s of t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d fo r m t h e a n gl e s of t h e box a n d
-
,

upo n th e s id e s of t h e b ox n e ar e s t t o t h e s ou n di n g boa r d th e r e a r e a l s o -

r a i s e d b a n d s which e n d i n t w o s e m ici r cl e s s u r m ou n t e d by fla t t e n e d -

a r ch e s .

I t s e e m s p r oba bl e tha t t h e box of t h e Ha r p w a s a t s o m e p e r iod

co n s id e re d to b e of i n suffici e n t l e n gth a s it i s e vid e n t t h e fo re pill a r w as ,
-

r e m ov e d a n d a pi e c e of m e ta l i n t h e fo r m of t h e low e r po r tio n of t h e

s t r i n g b a n d a n d s t e p s a n d co n s id e r a bly lo n g e r th a n t h e p r oj e cti n g block

, ,

w a s a tt a ch e d to t h e low e r po r tio n of t h e box Th e p r oj e cti n g block w a s .

th e n i n c r e a s e d i n l e n gth by t h e a dditio n of a block of wood which a dd e d ,

s o m e i n ch e s to t h e h e ight of t h e Ha r p Thi s a dditio n to t h e p r oj e cti n g .

block like t h e wood to which it i s a tt a ch e d i s ba dly wo rm e a t e n Five

, ,
-
.

m e t a l b a n d s h a v e b e e n a tt a ch e d to t h e box a t di ffe r e n t p e r iod s f or t h e

pu r pos e of s tr e n gth e n i n g it With t h e e xc e ptio n of th a t a bov e t h e
.

o rn a me n t No 2 th e y a r e m o r e or l e s s r ud e
. .

Th e h e ight of t h e i n s t r u m e n t i s 4 ft 8 % i n ; t h e e xtr e m e l e n gth . .

of t h e h ar m on ic cur v e i s 2 ft 7 i n ; t h e l e n gth fr o m t h e e n d of t h e . .

p r oj e cti n g block t o t h e ri s e of t h e h ar m o n ic c u r v e i s 3 ft 115 in . .

This r e a lly s pl e n d i d Ha rp w a s obta i n e d by t h e l a te D r G e or g e P e tr i e .

fr o m a poo r w o m a n who h a d pu r ch a s e d it a t a n a uctio n i n Dubli n D r . .

Pe t r i e upo n di s cov e r i n g for whom it h a d b e e n m a d e thought th a t it s hould

b e lo n g to th e h e a d of t h e fa m ily a n d p re s e n t e d it to t h e fou r th D u k e,

o f L e i n s t e r i n 18 49 s i n c e which ti m e it h as b e e n p r e s e r v e d a t Kilk e a
,

C a s tl e a n d h a s b e e n k n ow n a s t h e Kild a r e Ha r p 1 .

1 Th e wr i t
d bt d t L d W lt F tz th i
er is i n e e o or a er i s w or k , an d l
a so f or su pplyi ng s om e m os ti h

g ld f l l w m g
er a i
or a f ph t g ph
o b t a sei es o o o ra s to e e r e s t i n g n o e s ret g di g
ar n i t
t k f th i H p f t h p p f i ll t t g
.

a en o s ar or e ur os e o us ra i n
 D E TA I L S OF THE

KI L D A R E HA R P

P l a t e lll .
74 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

an d was pp a r e n tly cu r v e d a lo n g t h e s tr i n g s t h e r i s e i n t h e c e n t r e b e i n g
a ,

“ ”
13 i n . Th e r e w e re p r op e rly s p e a ki n g n o s ho e s of t h e s tr i n g s ; but
, ,

pi e c e s of thi n b ra s s fo rm e d a t t h e s id e s i n to e lo n g a t e d cu r ve s a n d with
,

Fm . 1. hol e s for t h e s t r i n g s i n t h e c e n tr e of t h e cor r e s pon di n g

cu r ve s took th e i r pl a c e Th e s e pi e c e s of br as s a r e
, .

fa s t e n e d by n a i l s upon e ith e r s id e of t h e s tri n g hol e s a n d -

,

h a v e for o rn a m e n ta tion two p a ra ll e l li n e s of p r oj e cti n g

k n ob s ; a n d a s t h e m e ta l i s thi n a n d t h e pi e c e s a re ,

n ot of co n s id e ra bl e l e n gth th e y could n ot h a v e i n t e r
,

fe r e d with t h e vibr a tio n of t h e i n s t r u m e n t (Fig .

Th e r e a r e thir ty fi ve s tr i n g hol e s : wh e re th e s e occur i n

- -

t h e tr e bl e t h e s tr i n g s h a v e p r ob a bly cut t h e s tri n g

ban d a n d a pi e c e of wood with n e w hol e s h a s b e en
i n s e r te d Th e s ho r te s t s tr i n g i s 2 % i n t h e lon g e s t
. .
,

3 0% i n Th e s ou n di n g bo a r d i s of u n u s u a l thick n e s s
.
-
,

n e a r t h e t r e bl e it i s i d n e a r t h e b as s g i n
fi n a n r .
,
.

thick At t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity th e s ou n di n g bo a r d i s

. i n i n width -
.
,

an d a t t h e low e r t e r m i n a tio n it i s 12
% i n wid e At t h e upp e r por tion
. .

of t h e box t h e a n gl e s a r e r ou n d e d off ; h e re t h e m e a s ur e m e n t fr om
t h e sou n di n g bo a r d to t h e b a ck of t h e box i s 5i n
-
an d F .
,
I G . 11 .

t h e width 45 in Th e s id e s of t h e box a r e 2 ft 113; i n

. . .

i n l e n gth Th e d e pth a t t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity owi n g t o

.
,

t h e r ou n di n g off of t h e a n gl e s i s 4 i n , a bout t h e c e n t re
.
,

4g i n a n d a t th e lowe r t e r m i n a tio n 3% i n
.
, .

Th e h a r m o n ic cu r ve i s fi n e ly fo r m e d At t h e ba s s .

t e rm in a tio n th e r e i s a b ra s s e n r ich m e n t t h e fa ce of which

,

w a s r e li e v e d by fi ve n a ils with o r n a m e n t e d h e a d s on e of ,

which r e m a i n s Th e s id e s of thi s e n r ich m e n t a r e or n a

.

m e n t e d i n a s e r i e s of i n v e r t e d ch e v r o n s b e tw e e n fou r
e lo n g a t e d d r oopin g cu r v e s A s e r i e s of i n d e n t s a bov e t h e
.

curve s a r e c a rr i e d ov e r t h e ch e v r o n s fo r m i n g a w a vi n g
,

li n e with p e n d a n t s to t h e poi n ts of t h e ch e v r on s Abov e .

e a ch c u r v e t h e m e t a l i s pi e r c e d by a r ou n d hol e (Fig I L
) g
. .

B e tw e e n thi s e n r ich m e n t a n d t h e p r oj e cti n g p e a k t h e

d e co ra tion i s l a rg e ly i n t h e for m of ch e v r o n s s how n by r op e p a tte rn .

Withi n e a ch ch e vr o n t h e d e co ra tor h a s r e p r e s e n te d a po r tio n of a n

W t C A S TL E -
O TW A
 THE I R I SH HA R P 75

ar a c d e of s e m ici r cul ar ar ch e s (Fig Thi s ch e v r on p a tt e rn which .

,

t e r m i n a t e s a t e ith e r e n d i n foli a c e ou s d e s ig n s do e s n ot e xt e n d fu r th e r ,

th a n t h e p r oj e cti n g p e a k b e hi n d which up o n e ithe r s id e th e r e a r e fin e

,

in t e r l a c e d p a tt e r n s (Fig F
.

IG . III .

Abov e a n d b e tw e e n th e s e p a t
t e r n s a thin li n e of r op e m ould
i n g e xte n d s tow a r d s t h e box ,

a n d s i m il a r ly d e co ra t e d ban ds
a re c a rr i e d down w a r d s upo n
e ith e r s id e b e hi n d t h e i n t e r l a c e d

p a tt e r n s thu s for m i n g a c r os s (Fig V ) Th e b an d s f or t h e tu n i n g p e g s

, . .
-
,

which a r e br a s s fo r m s i n gl e cu r ve s a n d h a v e s a w tooth e dgin g s Th e s e

,
-
.

F IG “
b
.
an d s of which s m a ll po r tio n s
,
a re m i s sin g w e re
1
,

pi er c e d for thi r ty —fou r p e g s n i n e of which r e m a i n a n d , ,

a r e o rn a m e n t e d
(Fig Th e d e co r a tion i s th e s a m e .

upon e ith e r s id e Th e h a rm on ic cu r v e i s of t h e a n ci e n t .

for m th a t i s it h a s a c a vity u n d e r n e a th i n to which t h e

, ,

for e pi l l ar i s i n s e rt e d -
Thi s ca vity i s con s id e ra bly .

n e a re r t h e r ight s id e th a n t h e l e ft (Fig Th e .

l e n gth of t h e h a rm on ic cu r v e i s 2 ft 2 3 i n Th e d e pth . .

a ft e r it l e a v e s t h e box i s 3 i n wh e r e t h e p e a k occu r s 4% i n a bout t h e

.
, .
,

ce n tr e 4i n a n d a t t h e b a s s t e r m i n a tio n 4% i n Th e thickn e s s of t h e
.
, .

low er por tion i s 2 i n .

Upo n e ith e r s id e of t h e fo r e —pill a r t h e o rn a m e n ta tion i s p r a ctica lly

th e s am e .At t h e low e r e xtr e m ity th e r e i s a n a rr ow b a n d with r op e
m ouldi n g which i s c a r r i e d a lo n g t h e out e r e dg e u n t i l t h e T for m a tio n
,

i s r e a ch e d Withi n t h e a n gl e fo r m e d by thi s a n d a n oth e r r op e m ouldin g

.

a lo n g t h e t e r m i n a tio n of t h e pill a r th e r e i s a foli a c e ou s p a tt e rn th en a , ,

r e p r e s e n t a tio n of a wolf—dog withi n a ci r cl e a n d s u r r ou n d e d by two

con ce n tr ic ci r cl e s with ch e v r on o r n a m e n ta tio n a n d a bov e a foli a c e ou s ,

p a tt e r n Che vr on o rn a m en t a tion with a r c a d e d e cor a tion s i m il a r to th a t

.
,

a l r e a dy d e s cr ib e d occu r s u n til t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e T fo r m a tio n i s

,

r e a ch e d wh e r e th e r e i s a foli a c e ou s p a tt e r n
, a bov e which a ci r cl e with ,

i n t er l a c e d p a tte r n a n d a t t h e upp e r e xt r e m ity a p ara ll e log ra m w ith

,

1
Th eb d an s w e re n ot ci tly t g t
s u ffi en s r on o th t a on ght i d
th e ri s e, w h e re i t was pi c d
er e f or
w i th t d th t
s an e s r ai n , so a b k g h cc d
re a a e as o u rre , th e se c dt gp g
on un i n - e .
76 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

wid e ly s p a c e d i n te r l a c e d p a tt e rn At e ith e r s id e a n d a t t h e co mm e n c e
.
,

m e n t a n d t e rm i n a tio n of t h e T for m a tio n a g r a du a lly di m i n i s hi n g rop e

,

c a r v e d i n r e li e f to b e h e r e a fte r r e fe r r e d to i s ca rr i e d a lo n g t h e a n gl e
, ,

fo r m e d by t h e fla n ge a n d t h e fo r e —pill a r whil e t h e fl a n g e itse lf i s cov e r e d

,

by a foli a ce ou s p a tt e r n (Fig .

FIG . V .
F IG . VI .

Th e fr o n t of t h e fo r e pill a r (Fig V I ) is v e ry fin e ly d e cora t e d

-
. .
.

Fr om whe r e it j oi n s t h e p r oj e cti n g block a n e lon ga te d a n d op e n

i n t e rl a ce d p a tte r n i s c ar r i e d up for 7 % i n wh e n it j oi n s a s i n gul a r
.
,

I t i s di fli c u l t to de t e rm in e wh a t t h e a r ti s t
'

o r n a m e n t (Fig .

i n te n d e d to r e p r e s e n t Th e s t ran d s of two r op e s a r e di s ti n ct Th e s e
. .

b e com e twi s te d a n d a s a l r e a dy n otice d a r e ca r r i e d a lon g t h e ba ck of

, , ,
THE C A S TL E O TW A Y HA R P .
 78 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S
’
a m a k er s ca rve d i n v e r y r ud e ch a r a ct e r s upo n an i n s tr u m e n t so
n ame

r ichly a n d d e lic a t e ly d e co r a t e d This h a r p i s of a pur e ly C e ltic for m

.
,

a n d h as n o r e s e m bl a n c e to t h e g e n ui n e Cor m a c O Ke lly p r e s e r ve d ’

a t Do wn hill e xc e pt i n h a vi n g t h e sou n d hol e s -

F IG . V I II. ,

s i m il a r ly o r n a m e n t e d a n d s ou n d hol e s of both ,
-

t h e h ar p s a r e h e r e r e pr e s e n t e d f or co m p a riso n 1

(Figs V I I I . .
,

Th e C a s tl e O tw a y Ha r p h a s a ll t h e a pp e a r
a n c e of h a vi n g b e e n co n s tr uct e d du r i n g t h e
fir s t ha l f of t h e s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu r y whil e t h e ,

Down hil l i n s tr u m e n t i s da t e d 17 0 2 I t i s c e r ta i n .

th a t t h e C as tl e O tw a y Ha r p r e qu i r e d to b e
F
r e p a i r e d a t s o m e p e r iod a n d c e r t a i n r e p a i r s w e r e
IG . i x .
,

e x e cut e d upo n t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e s tr i n g

ban d Th e Ha r p m ay h a v e b e e n i n t r u s t e d t o
.

Co r m ac O Ke l ly for th a t pu r po s e a n d h e m ay
’

h a v e c ar v e d h i s n a m e a n d C opi e d t h e orn a m e n t a l
s ou n d hol e s whe n con s t r ucti n g t h e Dow n hill
-

i n s tr u m e n t Th e d a t e “
a bout
. 17 00 or of
s t a t e d by J oy Bu n ti n g a n d P e t r i e t o , ,

b e upo n it i s n ot visibl e but t h e figu r e s 1410 a r e

, , ,

di s ti n ctly s o (Fig In 1410 figu r e s would .

m o s t p r ob a bly h a v e b e e n c a r v e d i n r e li e f wh e r e a s i n t hi s c a s e th e y a r e ,

i n ci s e d . Aga i n Ar a bic n u m er a ls w e r e p r ob a bly n ot

,
.
F IG . x.

i n u s e i n 1410 I f th e s e figu re s a r e e xa m i n e d i n
.

re v e r s e th e y r e pr e s e n t 0 17 1 a n d thi s i s proba bly ,

wha t Joy Bun ti n g a n d P e tr i e n otic e d

, ,
.

Th e r e a r e t e n s tr i n gs of copp e r wire upo n t h e Ha r p Th e s e a r e .

s i m ply to k e e p t h e th r e e po r tio n s of t h e i n s tru m e n t tog e th e r Th e .

box an d for e pill a r a r e m uch wor m e a te n t h e har m o n ic curv e which

- -
,

is a pp a r e n tly of di ffe r e n t wood i s w e ll p r e s e r v e d Th e p a tt e rn s upo n

,
.

t h e Har p a r e with t h e e xc e ptio n s n otic e d i n dic a t e d by i n ci s e d li n e s a n d

, , ,

i n s o m e pl a c e s it a pp e ar s th a t colou r—s t a i n i n g h a s b e e n r e s ort e d to

'

t o i n cr e a s e t h e e fle c t — r e d a n d a d a r k e r colou r b e i n g tr a c e a bl e
, , F or .

illu s tra tio n s how i n g t h e b a ck of t h e Ha r p s e e p 2 8 . .

1 th i ll t t i
Bo us ra on s a r e f rom ru bb i g
n s.
2 Th e i ll t t
us r a i on is f rom a r u bbi n
g .
80 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NTS

hol e s a r e e a ch s u r r ou n d e d by t e n con c e n tr ic ci r cl e s fi ve a n d five , .

Th e sou n di n g boa r d t e r m i n a t e s upon e ith e r s id e of t h e p r oj e cti n g block

-

i n s e m ici r cl e s Th e str i n g ba n d which i s s lightly r a i s e d cu r v e s outwa r d s

.
, ,

towa r d s upp e r e xtr e m ity ; th e s e s e m ici r cl e s t e r m i n a te a t t h e s id e s

O F F O G E R TY
’
HAR P .

of t h e sou n di n g boa r d i n w e ll d es ig n e d flor a l e n di n gs Above t h e s e m i

- -
.

ci r cl e s t h e r a is e d s tr i n g b a n d wid e n s i n to a l e a f s ha p e d t e r m i n a tio n -

which with th e flo ra l e n di n g s to t h e s e m ici r cl e s s om e wh a t r e s e m bl e s

, , ,

an d m a
1
y h a v e b e e n i n t e n d e d to r e p r e s e n t a fi e u r d e li s The r e ar e ,
.

1
I f th d
e re a mi t h pl t
e r e xa p ti g It i p i bl th t th m t l b d w dd d
n es e a e s re re s e n n s os s e a es e e a an s e re a e

thi H p d t h K i ld H p h i ll
s ar an e are ar e w see th t l g ft th H p h d l ft t h m k h
a on a er e ar s a e e a er s
’
and s

t m pp p t i f th b i b th A i mi l b d f th c mm t w k m hip
.

th e e x re e u er or on o e ox n o s ar an o e o on e s or an s

c i
as e s d d by m t l b d f p
s s u r r ou n e a e a an o oor k my l b
w or a th L ma sotH p i e s e en on e a on ar ; n th is

m h i p U p th O F f g t y H p t h
an s . on e
’
o er ar e upp c p ti f t h
er as e am t ti i
orpp on o e or n a en a on s a are n tly
p t i f t h l f i t w y f th
or on o e ea s cu a a or e b d cv d
an . o e re .
 THE I R I SH HA R P 81

“
thi r ty fi ve s tr i n g hol e s a l m o s t a ll h a v e s till t h e o rigi n a l s ho e s of t h e
- -

”
s tr i n g s of b r a s s Th e s e a r e of t h e ho r s e s ho e fo r m but n a rr ow t h e e n d s
.
-
, ,

a re tu r n e d outw a r d s a n d upw a r d s a n d t e r m i n a t e i n t h e h e a d s of bi r d s a s , ,

d o tho s e on t h e Kild a re Ha r p 5i n t h e lon ge s t

Th e s hor te s t s tr i n g i s 2 — . .
,

i s 3 ft Oi i n i n l e n gth
. B e t w e e n t h e c e n tr e a n d upp e r s ou n d hol e s t h e
. .
-

s t r i n g b a n d h a s b e e n cut th r ough s o as to a d m it of t h e i n s e r tio n of a

s m a ll b an d of i r o n f or t h e pu r po s e of s t re n gth e n i n g t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d -
.

Th e fo r e pill a r which i s m uch cu r v e d h a s with s tood t h e t e n s io n

-
, ,

of t h e s t r i n g s i n a n u n u s u a l m an n e r for i n thi s c a s e n o s ho r t e n i n g of ,

t h e pill ar c an b e d e t e ct e d Th e T p r oj e ction co m m e n ce s wh e re t h e .

pill a r i s m o rtic e d i n to t h e h a r m on i c cu r v e a n d i s con ti n u e d t h e full

l e n gth I t i s a t i t s wid e s t p a r t 45i n ch e s a c r o s s th a t por tion of t h e
.
,

pill a r n e ar e s t to t h e s ou n di n g bo ar d b e i n g l i i n ch e s i n width At t h e -
.

r ight s id e a n d a t t h e upp e r e n d of t h e pill a r fou r hol e s m ar k t h e pl a c e

fo rm e rly occupi e d by a pl a t e of gold on which w a s e n g ra v e d i n I ri s h , ,

”
Thi s i s t h e h ar p of Corn e liu s C F fog e r ty ’
.

Th e h arm o n ic cu r v e of thi s i n s t r u m e n t i s of t h e an ci e n t fo rm a n d ,

h a s t h e p e culi a r p e a k which m ay b e s e e n upo n t h e I r i s h Har p illu s tr a t e d

by P r e to r iu s a n d r e pr oduc e d p 2 6 an d upo n t h e C a s tl e O twa y Ha r p ;
, .
,

but i n thi s s p e ci m e n t h e ha r m on ic cu r ve t er m i n a t e s i n a fin e ly c ar v e d
s c r oll . Th e b ra s s ba n ds thr ough which t h e b r a s s p e g s p a s s a r e i n t h e
fo r m of s i n gl e cu r ve s an d a r e pi e r c e d for thi r ty —s i x p e g s on e of which i s
, ,

m i ssm g .

I t i s e vid e t n th e
h ar p at n o ti m e h a d m or e tha n thi r ty fi ve s tr i n g s -
.

Thi s i n s tr u m e n t which i s i n a n exc e ll e n t s t a t e of p re s e r va tio n i s of a

, ,

light colou r an d h a s n ot b e e n d e co ra t e d or v ar n i s h e d ; it wa s s t ru n g
,

a n d pl a y e d upo n du r i n g t h e e ight e e n th c e n tu r y
1
.

Th e h e ight of t h e i n s t r u m e n t i s 3 ft 8 % i n Th e e xt r e m e l e n gth of . .

t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e i s 2 ft 0% i n Th e l en gth of t h e box to t h e e n d . .

of t h e p r oj e cti n g block i s 3 ft 1 i n . .

1 Th e t i w ri er s d bt d t L i t C l l J h
in e e o eu -
o on e o n p p ur os e of ll t ti g thi w k A d i ff
i u s ra n s or n i n e re n t
Vi v i Ry L f C tl F f g t y d g vi g f h i t m t m y b
. .

an aii -
an e g D L
an , o as e o er w oo en ra n o t is n s ru en a e seen

l l w m g th H p t b ph t g ph d f t h
.

D bl i P yJ l l i i p 2 56
.
, ,

for a o i s ar o e o o ra e or e i n th e u n en n ou r n a , vo . i . . .
82 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

TW O HA RP S, THE PR O P E R TY OF THE R OY A L I R SH A I C AD E M Y

No . 1

In th e D u bli n M u s e u m a r e tw o Ha r p s of a
l ar g e s iz e which a r e ,

s uppo s e d to d a t e fr o m 16 50 to 16 8 0 Th e fi rs t of the s e fo r m e r ly
.
,

i n t h e po s s e s s io n of M aj o r Si rr w a s No 3 , .

i n t h e C a t alogu e of his I ri s h A n tiquiti e s

i n which C a t a logu e t h e followi n g
occu rs — “
Th e h e a d of t h e I r i s h gos h a wk i s
c ar v e d on t h e top of t h e pill a r Th e r e w a s .

a b r a s s h a n d a tt a ch e d t o it which i s lo s t t h e
( ,

bloody h a n d of t h e O Ne il l s ) It b e lo n ge d t o ’
.

(s i c ) of t h e O Ne i l l fa m ily
”
a b ar d Thi s ’
? 1
.

Ha r p i s illu s t ra t e d i n t h e Ca t a logu e of t h e
R oy a l I r i s h Ac a d e m y by Si r Willi a m Wild e ,

a n d i n t h e Book of t h e Club o f t h e T r u e High

l a n d e r s Th e box i s cut out of a s olid block ;

.

t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d which i s h a lf a n i n ch thick
-
, ,

h a s fou r s ou n d hol e s a n d t e r m i n a t e s i n s t r a ight

-
,

li n e s a t e ithe r s id e of t h e p r oj e cti n g block ;

it is 3 3 i n ch e s wid e a t t h e upp e r e xt re m ity ,

135i n ch e s wid e a t t h e low e r t e r m in a tio n ,

a n d 3 9 i n ch e s i n l e n gth Th e sid e s of t h e .

box a r e a t t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity 4 i n ch e s

d e e p a bout t h e m iddl e 4% i n ch e s a n d a t t h e
, ,

low e r t e rm i n a tio n 3 % i n ch e s Th e i n s t r u m e n t .

m e a s u re s fr om t h e e n d of t h e p r oj e cti n g block to
t h e high e s t po r tio n of t h e fo r e pill a r 5ft 2 i n -
, . .

Th e h a r m o n ic cu r v e h a s a pr oj e ctio n which to s o m e e xt e n t a pp r o a ch e s
i n fo rm t h e p e a k a l r e a dy d e s c r ib e d a s occu rr i n g upo n t h e h a r m o n ic
cu r ve of t h e Ca s tl e O t w a y Ha r p a n d a l s o upo n th a t of t h e O F fog e rt y
,
’

Ha r p but h e re t h e p r oj e ctio n t e rm i n a te s i n a h e a d w hich Wild e

,
-

d e s cr ib e s a s th a t of a r a bbit Th e r e a r e br oa d m e t a l pl a t e s u pon e ith e r

.

1 t
No e s an d Q u e r i e s 9th Se ri e s
, , Vi i . p . 338 .
84 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

Th e h ar m on ic cu r ve h a s b e en ba dly
fr a ctu r e d n e ar t h e tr e bl e , a n d ca n v a s
h as b e e n a tt a ch e d t o it for p r e s e r v a tio n ,

but it a pp e a rs a s if t h e c e n tr e of t h e
upp e r e xtr e m ity of t h e b ox h a d b e e n
r e m ov e d fr om fr o n t to b a ck for s o m e
co n s id e r a bl e d e pth i n to which t h e tr e bl e
,

t e rm i n a tio n of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e i s
}
su n k
Th e for e —pill ar which i s s l ightly b e n t
,
“

i s c a rr i e d to t h e full h e ight of t h e i n s t ru ~

m e n t a n d fo r m s t h e t e rm i n a tio n of t h e
,

h a rm on ic cu r v e Th e T fo r m a tion c om
.

m e n c e s a t t h e j u n ctio n of t h e fo r e — pill a r
with t h e h ar m on ic cu r v e an d e xt e n d s to ,

t h e low e r t e rm i n a tio n Thi s Ha r p h a s .

thi rty s e ve n str i n gs

-
Th e s tr i n g s a re
.

m od e rn a n d of copp e r wi re Th e s hor te s t .

s tr i n g i s 2 i n ch e s t h e lo n g e s t 41 i n ch e s
, .

Th e Ha r p is 4 ft 6 i n i n h e ight . Thi s . .

Harp i s without o rn am e n t e xce pti n g two ,

ci r cul ar ca r vi n g s with a c e n tr e which occu r

a t t h e upp e r e n d of t h e fo r e pill a r -
.

B E L F A ST M U SE U M HA R P

In t h e B e l fas t M u s e u m m ay b e s e e n a Har p of co n s id e ra bl e i n t e r e s t .

Th e m a r ki n g s upon diffe r e n t p a rts of this i n s tr u m e n t for t h e s a k e of ,

co n v e n i e n c e a r e n otic e d i n t h e followi n g o r d e r — Upo n t h e botto m of

,

t h e p r oj e cti n g po r tio n of th e box i s t h e d a t e 16 5 4 t h e i n ci s e d figu r e s ,

of which a r e c er ta i n ly old but it i s i m po s s ibl e t o s ay d e cid e dly th a t

,

th e y a r e of t h e p e r iod i n dic a t e d At t h e b a c k of t h e s p r i n g of t h e
.

h ar m on ic cu r ve wh e r e it i s s u e s fr om th e box the r e i s a n i n ci s e d c a r vi n g ,

o f a r ight h a n d — th e b a dg e of O Ne ill —a bov e which th er e is Wha t ’

1
An tt mpt t p t th i
a e o re r es e n s u n u su a lf m or the p i ti g f C l pl y i g p
a n n o a r o an a n u on h is h p
ar

y h v b m d by t h ti t c pi d w h i ch w ft w d g v d
,

ma a e ee n a e e ar s wh o o e as a er ar s en ra e .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 85

pp to ud p t tio of hip upo t h hull of which i

‘

a e a r s b e a r e r e r e s e n a n a s n e s
,

a c r o s s a n d b e n e a th a h e r a ldic w r e a th a ll i n ci s e d
,
Abov e t h e s hip ar e
,
.

u n i n t e lligibl e i n ci s e d m a r k s At t h e fo re .

m o s t e n d of t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e h a r
m o n ic cu r v e a fi s h p r ob a bly a s a l m o n i s
, ,

i n ci s e d a n d upo n t h e upp e r por tio n of t h e

,

fr o n t of t h e fo re pill ar th ere i s a s m a ll
-

c r o s s Upo n th e upp e r po r tio n of t h e b a ck

.

of t h e box E L a pp e a r s r ud e ly i n ci s e d .

Thi s Ha rp h as b e e n d e co r a t e d m o re
th an o n c e t h e o r igi n al colou r a pp e a rs to
h av e b e e n blu e m uch of which m a y b e
,

s e en . Upon t h e r ight h a n d s id e of t h e -

box a h e a d i s p a i n t e d i n oil colou r Th e -

.

h a i r which i s u n powd e r e d i s d re s s e d i n
, ,

t h e fa s hio n of t h e s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu r y ;

t h e cou n t e n an c e s o m e wh a t re s e m bl e s t h e
por t ra it s of Ch arl e s I I Thi s po r t ra it for .
,

it c e r ta i n ly w a s i n te n d e d for on e p r o ,

b a bly fo r m e d p a r t of t h e o r igi n a l or n a
m e n t a tio n .

Up on t h e l e ft of t h e fo r e pill a r i s -

p a i n t e d E d u L i n ds e of L e n n ox M D CCC 4
“
.
, .
”

Thi s p ers o n s i n iti a l s h a v e a l re a dy b e e n

’

n otic e d a s a pp e a r i n g on t h e b a ck of t h e

box . Thi s i s t h e p r ob a bl e d a t e of t h e l a s t d e co ra tio n of t h e Har p .

Th e colou r w as n ow cha n g e d to r e d wh i l e gold Sh a m r ock s w e ll d r a w n , , ,

w e r e di s t rib u te d both on t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d a n d on t h e s id e s of t h e -

upp e r po r tio n of t h e for e pill a r Upo n t h e s id e of t h e b ox a r e two l a rg e

-
.

ova l s p a c e s on e a pp a re n tly i n t e n d e d to r e c e iv e a m e t a l pl a t e
,
.

Thi s Ha r p h a s m o re th a n i t s a n tiquity a n d d e co r a tio n to r e co m m e n d

it I t i s for i t s s iz e u n u s u a lly light a n d i s of g r a c e ful for m Th e for e
.
,
.

pill a r which i s s lightly cu r v e d i s thi n an d a s it h a s n ot t h e p r o n ou n c e d

, , ,

T fo r m a tio n i t h a s be e n d r a wn co n s id e ra bly to t h e l e ft s id e by t h e
t e n s ion of t h e s tr i n gs Th e box h a s b e e n c u t out of a s olid block
.
,

a n d t h e i n t e r io r i s fo r m e d lik e a n a r ch E x a m i n i n g t h e e xt e r ior t h e
.
,
86 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

s ou n di n g boa rd will b e fou n d to b e m uch m ore a r ch e d th a n i s usu a l

-
,

a n d thi s a r chi n g h a s n ot a ltog e th e r b e e n c a u s e d by t h e t e n s ion of

t h e s tr i n gs ; t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d could n e v e r h a v e b e e n fla t Th e ba ck
-
.

of t h e box i s n ot a s t r a ight li n e but s lightly cu r v e s i n wa r d s t h e d e pth , ,

of t h e cu r v e b e i n g on e h a lf o f a n i n ch Thi s cu r va tu r e i s s i m ila r to th a t .

which h a s b e e n n otic e d upo n th e Ha r p r e p r e s e n te d upo n t h e s h r i n e of

St M oe doc (p
. an d do e s n ot a pp e a r to h a ve b e e n
. c a u s e d by t h e
t e n s ion of t h e s t r i n g s Th e low e r por tio n of t h e box upo n e ith e r sid e of
.

t h e p r oj e cti n g block h a s s e m ici r cul ar t e r m i n a tio n s Th e r e a r e n o s ou n d .

hol e s e xc e pt a t t h e b a ck A b an d of i r o n e vide n tly m od e rn pi e r c e d

.
, ,

with thi r ty n i n e hol e s (on e of which i s ov e r t h e s olid wood ) cov e r s t h e

-
,

s t r i n g hol e s
-
I t i s i m po s s ibl e th a t thi r ty e ight hol e s could h a v e b e e n
.
-

u s e d a s th e r e a r e o n ly thi r ty —s i x p e g s Th e p e gs a r e of b ra s s a n d a r e i n
, .

th e i r pl a c e s Th e h a r m o n ic c u r v e j oi n s t h e fo r e pill a r i n t h e m o r e
.
-

m od e rn fa s hio n Th e b a n d s th r ough which t h e tu n i n g p e gs p a s s fo r m

.
-

s i n gl e cu r v e s a n d c r o s s t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e fo r e pill a r which fo r m s

,
-

t h e b a s s t e r m i n a tio n of t h e h a rm o n ic cu r v e Th e width of t h e s ou n di n g .

bo a r d a t t h e upp e r e xt r e m ity i s 4 i n ch e s a t t h e lo w e r t e rm i n a tio n ,

9% i n ch e s Th e d e pth of t h e s id e of th e box a t t h e upp e r e xt r e m ity i s

.

25 i n ch e s a bout t h e c e n t r e 3g i n ch e s a n d a t t h e lowe r t e r m i n a tio n a bout

, ,

Bi i n ch e s
1
Th e e xt re m e he ight of t h e Ha r p wh e n b e i n g pl a y e d upon
.

i s 4f t 7 % i n . Th e l e n gth of t h e s hor t e s t s tr i n g i s 1% i n ch e s t h e lon g e s t

.
,

46 i n ch e s .

Th e con s tr ucto r of thi s Ha r p w a s con t e n t to fin i s h off t h e j u n ction of

t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e with t h e box i n a s e r i e s of r ai s e d s e m ici rcl e s a n d ,

to fa s hio n t h e a n gl e s of t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d a n d s id e s a n d t h e an gl e s -
,

of t h e fr on t of t h e fo r e pill a r i n s e m ici r cul a r m ouldin gs a n d l e ft t h e

-
,

2
o rn a m e n ta tio n e n ti r e ly to t h e d e cora to r .

Wh e n th e B r iti s h A s s oci a tion m e t a t B e l fa s t i n 18 52 a l a r ge a n d

i m por t a n t coll e ctio n o f a n tiqu i ti e s w a s e xhibite d To thi s coll e ctio n .
,

M r E L i n d s a y of B e l fa s t co n t r ibut e d th r e e h a r p s
. . O n e of th e s e w as .

p r ob ably t h e Har p u n d e r n otic e an d i n t h e D e s c r iptiv e C a t a logu e p 44 , ,

.
,

Th e Ha r p of O Ne i ll on e of t h e l a s t of t h e old r a c e
’
it i s thu s d e s c r ib e d ,

1
I t m a y h e re ma r e k d th t thi i c pti t mi ti a s s an ex e on er na on .

to th e u s u a lf
orm , al l th e th p c m b i g Th w i t h o er s e i en s e n
2 e r er as to th kan Mr A M ‘ G oog a n
m d pth t t h id th gh t ll wi g h i m t ph t
.

ph th i
.

of th e sa e e f a e s es rou ou or or a o n o u se th e o og r a of s

d p pp t mi ty th t t h l w H p
,

ee er a t the u e r e x re an a e o er ar .
88 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

thi s Ha r p w a s m a d e af ter Bu n ti n g s coll of 18 40 w a s publ i s h e d a n d th a t ’

. ,

t h e coll e ctio n w a s poi n t e dly r e fe rr e d to Du r i n g t h e l a s t fift e e n y e ar s of .

Bu n ti n g s r e s id e n c e a t B e lfa s t this Ha r p w a s p r e s um a bly i n t h e po s s e s s ion

’

of t h e L i n d s a y fa m ily ; a n d h a d it p re viou s ly b e lo n g e d to the Ar t h u r O Ne i l l

’

Bu n ti n g i n h i s coll of 18 40 s o fr e qu e n tly r e fe r s to h e would m o s t

.
,

like ly h a v e h e a r d of it but a lthough h e h a s m uch of i n t e re s t t o r e l a t e

r e g a rdi n g A r thu r O Ne i ll h e do e s n ot n otic e t h e Ha r p Th e fa ct th a t
’
.
,

M r L i n d s a y e xhibit e d a Ha r p (pr e s u m a bly t h e d r a wi n g r oo m i n s t r um e n t

.
-

of t h e Sh e ra to n p e r iod a l s o i n t h e B e lfa s t M u s e u m ) a s sta t e d to b e tha t

,

of He m p s on whos e Ha r p h a s b e e n a t D own hill s i n c e h i s d e a th do e s n ot

,
”
,

m a k e h i s u n s uppo r t e d a s s e r tio n r e g ar di n g t h e fo r m e r ow n e r s hip of thi s

Ha r p a cc e pta bl e I t is t h e w r ite r s Opi n io n th a t u n l e s s di r e ct pr oof i s
.
’

fo r thco m i n g M r L i n d s a y s s ta t e m e n t s hould b e r e c e iv e d with g ra v e

, .
’

s u s picio n or a ltog e th e r di s c r e dit e d

, .

THE D O WNHI L L HA RP

Thi s i n s t r u m e n t which w a s m a d e by Co r m a c O Ke ll y h a s upon t h e

,
’

,
1

r ight s id e of t h e box i n i n ci s e d l e tt e r s t h e followi n g i n s c r iptio n

, (which ,

r e fe rs t o t h e bog wood out o f which it w a s co n s t r uct e d

)
[I t h e] t im e of Noa h I w a s g e e ;
n r n

[Si n c e ] h i s flood I h ave n ot b e en e e s n ,

U n t il 17 h u n d re d a d 02 I w as f ou d n n

By C . R . K ly
d erg r ou n d ; e un

[He r a i s e d me ] u p t o th a t d eg r e e ,

Q u ee n of M u si c k [y o] u m ay ca [l l m e ] .

Th e box i s cut out olid block t h e s ou n d—hol e s a r e or n am e n t e d by

of a s ,

h e x a foil s e n clo s e d i n ci r cl e s (s e e p Th e low e r t e r m i n a tio n of t h e box .

i s p e culi a r ; t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d l e a v e s th e upp e r po r tio n s of th e p r oj e cti n g

-

block a t r ight a n gl e s th e n i n s e m ici r cul a r s w e e p s j oi n s t h e out e r e n d s

,

o f t h e box Th e s ou n di n g bo a r d i s con s id e r a bly lo n g e r a t t h e s id e s

.
-

th a n a t t h e c e n tr e Th e thick n e s s of t h e s ou n di n g boa r d i s s lightly

.
-

l e s s th a n 5i n ch Th e width a t t h e upp e r e n d i s 4 i n ch e s a n d a t t h e
.
,

low e r e xtr e m i ty 12 5 i n ch e s t h e p r oj e cti n g block b e i n g 2 5 ,

i n ch e s wid e .

1 “
Of B al l y n as c r e e n , i n t h e c ou n ty of De r r y a I i h m l di
r s e o es in th ie r or i g l p i ty
in a ur -
t g
Bun in
d t ct l g f ch c ll p
, .
,

is ri on a mou s f or t h e c oa s tru c t i on of su o 18 40, . 77 .

m t p vt c t
.

i
n s tr u en s, a n d f or t h e re s e r a i on of an ien
 THE I R I S H HA R P 89

Th e s t r i n g b an d i s i d a n d pi e r c e d with thi r ty hol e s M os t of t h e

-
ra s e ,
.

m e ta l s ho e s of t h e s t r i n g s a re i n th e i r pl a c e s Th e y a r e of a t ri a n gul a r .

fo r m w ith ci r cul a r hol e s i n t h e c e n tr e a n d h a ve s e m ici r cul a r t e r m i n a

, ,

tio n s to t h e two low e r e n d s pi e r c e d for

n a il s
( s ee p T h e r a i s e d s tr i n g
.

ba n d h a s a t t h e upp e r e n d a n d on ,

e ith e r s id e i n v e r te d cu r ve s whil e a t
, , ,

t h e low e r e xtr e m ity it i s co n ti n u e d on ,

t h e out s id e of t h e low e r po r tio n of

t h e fo r e p i ll a r a n d th e n fo r m s a r a i s e d
-
,

bo r d e r to t h e t e rm i n a ti on of t h e s ou n d
i n g bo a r d a n d a lo n g t h e a n gl e fo r m e d
-
,

by t h e s ou n di n g bo ar d a n d s id e s of t h e -

box .

Th e d e pth of t h e box a t t h e upp e r

e xtr e m ity i s 4 5i n ch e s a n d a t t h e lower ,

t e r m i n a tio n 3 i n ch e s .

Th e fo r e pill ar is cu r ve d but t h e
-
,

cu r va tu r e occu r s a t on e pl a ce o n ly .

Th e re i s s o m e o rn a m e n t i n r e li e f wh e r e
it j oi n s t h e p r oj e cti n g block ; fr om thi s
j u n ctio n t h e Tp r oje ction i s c ar r i e d up for
t h e g re a t e r l e n gth Th e a n gl e s tow a r d s .

t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d h a v e r op e m ouldi n gs
-
.

Th e for e pi l l a r which h a s b e e n s c a r c e ly
-
, ,

if at a ll s hor t e n e d by t h e t e n s io n of t h e
,

s t r i n g s i s c a rr i e d up an d fo rm s t h e b a s s po r tio n of t h e h ar m o n ic cu r v e
, ,

a n d t e r m in a t e s i n fr on t i n a h e a d w ith op e n j a ws which i s di r e ct e d
down wa r d s Th e h a rm on ic cu r v e h a s upo n t h e u pp e r por tio n cir cl e s a n d
.

oth e r o rn a m e n t a tio n i n r e li e f Th e m e ta l ban d s thr ough which t h e tu n i n g .

1
p e g s p a s s fo rm s in gl e cu r v e s a n d a r e pi e r ce d with thi r ty two hol e s ,
-
.

M o s t of t h e tu n i n g p e g s a r e p r e s e r v e d At t h e t r e bl e e n d t h e b a n d s
-
.

1
t i i d bt d t W J B w E q
Th e w ri er s n e e o ro n e, s c ll t ph t g ph f th
ex e en o o ra o e in s t m t f m
ru en ro

d d y w h w t p p ly t D h i ll
.

h ch th i ll t ti h b tk d l
.
, ,

L on on err o en ur os e o ow n w i e u s ra on as e en a en an a so

H p f th i v Wm J ck m t
, ,

to mi th
exa ne f th
e ar or s ers i on o e t
o E q f a s on , s or m e as u r e d en s an

c i pti h i ch d ff m w h t f m th t bb i g
, . .
,

ins r on w i e rs so e a ro a ru n s.

p t d by B ti g c ll 18 40 p 7 6 d f
,

ri n e un n , o .
, . an or a n
,

M
90 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

h a v e flo r a l te rm i n a tion s e a ch with fi ve l e a v e s ,
O n a ccou n t of th e .

s t ra i n a n d a b a d fr a ctu r e t h e b a n d s h a v e b e e n b r ok e n n e ar t h e tr e bl e .

Th e m e a s u r e m e n t fr o m t h e e n d of t h e p r oj e cti n g block t o th e high e s t

portion of t h e h ar m o n ic cur v e i s 48 i n ch e s t h e s hor t e s t str in g is 25 i n ch es , ,

an d t h e lo n g e s t s t r i n g 3 8 i n ch e s Thi s Ha r p a lthough n ot a ctu a lly m a d e

.
,

for D e n i s He m p s on w a s p r e s u m a bly for th e g r e a t e r po r tio n of h i s e x c e p

,

t i on a ll y lo n g life u s e d by h i m a n d w a s m o s t p r ob a bly pl a y e d upo n ,

be for e Pr i n ce Cha r l e s E dwar d a t Holyr ood i n 17 45 As He m p s on w a s .

t h e l a s t r e p r e s e n t a tiv e of t h e a n ci e n t s chool of h a r p e rs a n d a s h i s n a m e ,

h a s b e e n s o as s oci a t e d with thi s Ha r p t h e followi n g s ho rt n otic e of h im ,

is h e r e give n
D e n i s a Ha m p sy or He m p s on w a s bo rn a t C ra igm o r e n e a r G ar v a gh ,

L o n don d e rr y i n 16 95 Wh e n thre e y e ar s of a g e h e lo s t h i s s ight an d a t

, .
,

tw e lv e co m m e n c e d to l e a rn t h e h a r p fr o m B r idg e t O C a h an He a fte r ’
.

w a r d s s tudi e d u n d e r Joh n C C a rra gh e r L oughlin F a n n i n g a n d

.
, ,

P a t r ick Con n o r a ll of who m b e lo n ge d to t h e p r ovi n ce of Co n n a ught

, ,

which as h e him s e lf s a id w a s t h e be s t p a r t of t h e ki n gdom for I r i s h

,
“
,

”
ha r p e r s a n d for m u s ic Wh e n e ighte e n th a t i s du r i n g t h e y e a r 17 13
.
, ,

thr e e g e n tl e m e n w h o we r e i n t e r e s te d i n h i m p re s e n te d h i m with a h a r p ,

p r oba bly t h e on e a l re a dy n otic e d He tr a v e ll e d th r ough I r e l a n d an d .

,

a l s o on two occ a s io n s th r ough Scotl a n d Du r i n g hi s l a s t vi s it to th a t .

coun tr y i n 17 45h e pl a y e d at Holy r ood As a l r e a dy s ta te d h e w a s t h e .

,

o n ly ha r p e r a t t h e B e l fa s t m e e ti n g i n 17 92 who pull e d t h e s tr in gs
with c r ook e d n a il s Th e R e v G e o rg e Sa m p s on i n a l e tt e r w r itt e n
.
1
.
,

3 r d July 180 5 wh e n He m p s on w a s 110 s t a t e s th a t e v e n a t th a t

, ,

a e h e pl ay e d for hi m with a s to n i s hi n g j u s tn e s s a n d t a s t e t h e th r e e
g
tu n e s h e h a d pl a y e d du r i n g t h e fir s t da y of t h e B e lfa st m e e ti n g He
’

c a r e d litt l e for t h e m u s ic of Ca r ol a n but pri n cip a lly pl a y e d t h e r e a lly ,

“
a n ci e n t m u s ic a n d s om e of it m o s t r e luct an tly
, Bu n ti n g s t a t e s th a t it .

w as with t h e g r e a t e s t di fficulty h e w a s a bl e to p r ocu r e t h e old h a r p

m u s ic fr o m He m p s on Wh e n as k e d to pl a y t h e v e r y a n tiqu e tu n e s h e
.

u n ifo r mly r e pli e d the r e w a s n o u s e i n doi n g s o th e y w e r e too ha r d t o

, ,

’
l e ar n th e y r e vive d p a i n ful r e coll e ction s I n s ho r t h e r e g a r de d t h e old
,
.
,

m u s ic with s up e r s ti t iou s v e n e ra tio n a n d thought it i n s o m e s o r t a ,

p r ofa n a tio n to divulg e it t o m od e r n e a r s I t w a s with t h e ut m os t .

1 Hi s me th d o of pl y i a n
g as d c i b d by B ti
es r e un n
g h as b ee n p vi ly t c d
re ou s no i e .
 Cucou n t of ac

k e n n e ar t h e t e bl e r .

t in bl ock t o t h e high e s t
1

w l f E‘ Sl s t i i n g is fi i n c h es ,
l
‘

'
hm V ii in t ac tu a ll v m a d e
m r t i on of h i s e x c e p
-
t I
n wa li l y pl a y e d upo n

w 1
n d as his n a me

1
h n o tic e o f h im
92 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

p . Aft e r t h e d e a th of M r Cr ok e r t h e Ha r p w a s s old by M e s sr s . .

P u t t i c k an d Sim p s o n on 2 2 n d D e c e m b e r 18 5 4 a n d w a s pu r ch a s e d by ,

Thom a s B at e m a n of L om b e r da l e Hou s e D e r bys hi r e a n d pl a c e d i n h i s , ,

m u s e um At t h e di s po s a l of M r B a t e m a n s Coll e ction by M e s s r s
. .
’
.

Soth e by Wilki n s on a n d Hodg e i n Ju n e 18 93 it w a s No 2 92 i n t h e

, ,
.

2
c a talogu e a n d e v e n tu a lly b e c am e t h e p r op er ty of R e v F W G a l p i n
,
. . . r ,

a n d n ow fo r m s p a r t of hi s m ost i n t e r e s ti n g a n d v a lu a bl e coll e ctio n of

m u s ic a l i n s tr u m e n t s a t Ha tfi e ld E s s e x , .

Fr o m M r T Crofto n C r ok e r w e l e a rn th a t M r B u n w or th w a s
. . .

k n ow n far b e yo n d th e l i m its of t h e p a ri s h e s a dj a c e n t to h i s ow n n ot ,

on ly for h i s p e r fo rm an ce upo n t h e I r i s h Ha r p but al s o for h i s ho s pita bl e ,

r e c e ptio n a n d e n t e r t a i n m e n t of t h e h a r p e r s who t r a v e ll e d fr o m hou s e

to hou s e a bout t h e cou n tr y who s a n g h i s p ra is e s to t h e a cco m p a n i m e n t ,

3
of th e i r h a r p s .

F r o m a n oth e r w r ite r w e l e ar n th a t h e w a s gr e a tly di s ti n gui s h e d for

h i s p a t r on a g e a n d k n owl e dge of I r i s h m u s ic a n d th a t h e w a s a r e m a r k a bly ,

good p e r for m e r on t h e I r i s h Ha r p 4
.
”

B oth th e s e wr it e r s m e n tion t h e Ha r p .

Although thi s Har p i s of a co m p a ra tiv e ly l a t e m a k e it i s of i n t er e s t ,

a n d v al u e a n d i n s o m e r e s p e ct s di ffe r s fr o m t h e oth e r s p e ci m e n s n otic e d

, .

I t i s b e s id e s t h e o n ly kn own e x a m pl e by Joh n K e lly th a t h as b e e n

p r e s e r v e d Tha t m a k e r p e r h a p s liv e d i n a di s tr ict wh e r e s uit a bl e block s
.

of wood w e r e n ot e a s i ly obt a i n a bl e s o t h e on e s e l e ct e d to b e hollow e d ,

out for t h e box b e i n g s om e wh a t i rr e gul ar i n fo rm K e lly a pp e a rs to h a v e ,

-

fou n d it n e c e s s a r y to follow t h e i r r e gul a r iti e s or b e n ds of t h e t r e e .

Thu s w e fi n d n e a r t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e l e ft s id e a d e p r e s s ion

e xt e n d i n g for two fe e t Thi s d e p r e s s ion is 5i n ch d e e p i n fr on t a n d
.

n e a r ly 5 i n ch d e e p a t t h e b a ck ; an d on t h e r ight s id e n e a r t h e low e r
t e r m i n a tio n a d e p r e s s ion e xte n di n g for 1 foot which i s i n fr o n t 5 i n ch ,

d e e p a n d 7 i n ch d e e p a t t h e b a ck
2
.

1 It
t t d i t h L mb d l H
is s a e M nG lp i i th m t g
e m
o er a e ou se
2
r a n n e os e n e r ou s an n er

C t l g th t t h d i g w by D M li
.

a a o ue a p m tt d th w i t t ly t ph t g ph th i
e r aw n as ac se , er i e e r er n o on o o o ra s

c t i ly f i d f C k
.

wh w o as b t
er a n H p b l y tha f th m
r en t o ro
’
er s u ar u t a s o an o er o e nu e r ou s i n s r u

H ll w h lly ti c th ll t m t b l g i g t h i m w h ch f m d p t f
,

M dMr an rs a o u su a no e e i us ra en s e on n o i or e ar o

t d t m ti by w h m th d w i g w t h h i b ti f m i c l t m t
. .
,

ors , o no en on o th e ra n as e ex i on o us a i n s ru en s at e

m d Th
a l m ll i ll t ti i F i y C y t l P l c i 1900
e. er e ar e a s o s a us ra on s n a r r s a a a e n

L g d Ed 18 98 d i A ci t M ic l I t F i y L g d 18 2 6 p 198
.

3
e en s, u , an Edn n en us a ns ru a r e en s, u

m t (t h G lpi C ll ct i ) by Wi ll i m L y d Th W th i fI l
.

d Ri ch d Ry p 2 2 8
. . .
,

en s e a n o e on a n
4 e or es o re a n
.
, ar an , . .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 93

Thi s Ha r p i s w e ll de co ra t e d Th e o r n a m e n t a tion m a i n ly con s i s t s of

.

w a vy s te m s with foli ag e fr om which s p r i n g r o s e s thi s tl e s a n d lil i e s

, , ,

s y m bolic a l of E n gl a n d Scotl a n d a n d F r a n c e
— a n d a s t h e s h a m r ock i s n ot
, ,

r e p r e s e n t e d t h e Ha r p its e lf m a
, y b e a cc e pt e d a s t h e s y m bol of I r e l an d Th e .

p a tt e r n s a r e a s a r ul e s hown by i n ci s e d li n e s a n d a r e e n r ich e d by colou r

, , , .

Th e box i s fo rm e d out of a s olid block Th e s ou n di n g bo ar d which .

-
,

i s co n v e x both a t t h e upp e r a n d low e r e xt re m iti e s h as b e e n d ra w n up ,

i n a n u n u s u a l m a n n e r by t h e
t e n s io n of t h e s tr i n g s s o a t ,

t h e high e s t po r tio n w e fi n d t h e
s t r i n g —b a n d 25 i n a bov e t h e .

s id e s of t h e box Th e r a i s e d
.

s tr i n g b an d
-
whi ch i s a t t h e
,

upp e r e n d 15i n wid e a n d a t .

,

t h e low e r e xt re m ity 2 5i n .
,

t e r m i n a te s a t t h e u p p e r e n d i n
a fle u r d e li s- -
i n r e li e f Thi s .

s tr i n g b a n d which c e a s e s to b e
-
,

i n r e li e f a s it a pp r o a ch e s t h e
for e pill a r i s th e n i n dic a t e d by
-
,

i n ci s e d li n e s a n d t e r m i n a t e s i n
,
’

a lily of di fle r e n t for m a l s o ,

s how n by i n ci s e d li n e s a n d
“
colou r In pl a c e of s ho e s of
.

th e s tri n gs th e r e a r e s hor t
pi e c e s of thi n br a s s p e r fo r a t e d
an d a tt a ch e d to t h e s tr i n g
b an d . Th e r e a r e n o s ou n d
hol e s Th e width of t h e box
.

at i t s lo w e r t e r m i n a tio n i s
135 1i n a t th e fi r s t s tr i n g hol e i n t h e tr e bl e 55
.
,
-
in a n d a t t h e upp e r .
,

e xt re m ity 4i n Th e l e n gth of t h e box which t e r m i n a t e s a t e ith e r s id e

.
,

of t h e p r oj e cti n g block i n s tr a ight li n e s i s 412 i n Th e p r oj e cti n g block

,
.

i s on ly 2 i n i n l e n gth an d i s s h a p e d or cut both fr o m t h e sou n di n g

.
,

boa r d a n d fr o m t h e ba ck An e x a m i n a tio n of t h e i n te r ior of t h e low e r

.

por tion of t h e box s hows th a t n o block of wood h as b e e n l e ft a bov e t h e

94 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

pr oj e cti n g block a n d th a t t h e e n d of t h e box i s 15i n thick Th e

,
. .

thickn e s s of th e s ou n di n g bo a r d h a s n ot b e en a s c e rta i n e d but it is m o s t

-
,

p r oba bly con s ide r a bly thick e r a t t h e low er e xt r e m ity tha n at an y oth e r
p ar t Th e ba ck of t h e box which h a s two ci r cul a r c a viti e s or s ou n d
.
,

hol e s i s n ot fitt e d i n to t h e s id e s but i s a tt a ch e d to th e m a n d to th e

, ,

low e r e n d Th e d e pth of t h e s id e s a t t h e upp e r e xtre m ity i s 55i n

. .
,

5 a n d a t t h e lowe r t e rm in a tion 45i n At t h e upp e r

a bout t h e c e n t r e 5 i n .
,
.

e xt r e m ity t h e b a ck of t h e box h a s b e e n cut or sh a p e d i e a n a n gul a r ,

. .

pi e c e h a s b e e n re m ove d The r e i s a c a vity i n th e upp e r po r tion of t h e

.

fr o n t of t h e box 5 i n d e e p ; t h i s i s c a rr i e d b a ckw a r ds for 35

. in .

Th e ha rm o n ic cu r v e i s fitt e d i n to t h e ca vity i n t h e upp e r po r tio n of

t h e box a ft e r l e a vi n g which a t a r ight an gl e it i s s tr a ight for so m e
,

di s ta n c e b e fo r e it t a k e s t h e u s u a l cu r v e At t h e t r e bl e e n d it i s 35 . in .

d e e p a t t h e c e n t r e 35
,
i n a n d a t t h e ba s s 3 i n
.
, I t i s r ou n d e d a bove .
,

an d i s m o r tis e d i n to t h e fo r e pill a r i n t h e m o r e m od e rn fa s hio n

-
a n d h e ld ,

tog e th e r by bra s s b a n d s which fo rm s i n gl e curv e s an d a r e pi e r c e d for th e

tu n i n g p e g s
-
Th e l e n gth of t h e ha r m o n ic cu r v e to wh e re it j oi n s t h e
.
,

fo r e pill a r i s 3 1 i n a bove i n fa ct t h e upp e r por tio n of t h e h a r m o n ic

-
, .
, ,

cu r ve i s pi e r c e d a n d for m s a g ra ce ful o rn a m e n t t h e c e n t r e of which i s ,

u n fo r tu n a t e ly m i s s i n g but t h e r oughly cut po r tion s s how wh e r e t h e

,

fra ctu r e s h a v e occu rr e d a n d wh e r e i n t h e c e n tr e t h e s c r oll o rn a m e n t

j oi n e d t h e ha r m on ic cu r v e .

Th e for e pill ar i s s om e wh a t b e n t a n d is ca rr i e d up th e full h e ight of

-
,

t h e i n s tr u m e n t fo r m i n g t h e b a s s po r tion of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e a n d
, ,

te r m i n a t e s i n a h e a d a pp a r e n tly th a t of a fe m a l e with a p e n de n t h e a d
,

d r e s s e xt e n di n g b a ck fr o m t h e chi n a bov e which i s a cu s hio n on t h e , ,

fr on t of which t h e co r on e t of a cou n t e s s i s r e p r e s e n t e d by i n ci s e d li n e s .

Th e lowe r po r tio n of thi s cu s hio n a t t h e s i d e s a n d b a ck t a k e s t h e fo rm

, ,

of a s e r i e s of s e m ici r cl e s Th e fo re —pill ar which i s n ot i n s e r te d i n to t h e

. ,

p r oj e cti n g block a s i s u s u a l j oi n s t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d on e i n ch fr om t h e
,
-

e n d of t h e box ; it h a s t h e T fo r m a tio n t h e whol e l e n gth Th e gr ea te s t .

w i dth of t h e T fo r m a tio n i n fr o n t i s 35i n t h e thickn e s s of t h e out e r .

,

e dg e b e i n g 5 i n i n c r e a si n g to 5
. i n t h e e n ti r e d e pth of t h e fo r e pill a r
.
,
-

be i n g 3 i n Th e width of t h e upp e r por tio n of t h e for e pil l a r i s 2 5i n

.
-
.
,

fr o m t h e m iddl e to t h e low e r e n d 5 i n a t t h e b a ck 5 in Th e l e n gth of t h e

.
, .

fo re pill a r i s 5ft 3 i n Th e tota l h e ight of t h e i n s t ru m e n t i s 5ft 6 5

-
. . in . .
96 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

Rev Cha r l e s Bu n w or t h Ba l t dan i e l 17 3 4 a bov e which i s a thi s tl e an d

.
, ,

b e n e a th a l i ly both b e in g we ll r e pr e s e n te d O n t h e l e ft s id e of t h e fo r e
, .

pi l l a r a n d b e hi n d t h e T fo r m a tio n th e r o s e thi s tl e a n d lily occu r whil e , , ,

on t h e r ight sid e t h e ro s e thi s tl e an d lily a l s o a pp e a r Th e b a ck of t h e

, ,
.

for e pill a r is without orn a m e n t

-
.

Upo n t h e l e ft s id e of t h e ha r m o n ic cu r v e t h e r o s e thi s tl e a n d lily , ,

a pp e a r whil e on t h e r ight s id e t h e r o s e a n d lily o n ly a r e r e p r e s e n t e d

, .

Th e h ar m o n ic cu r v e a n d t h e fo re pill a r a r e a tt a ch e d to t h e box by -

i r on st ra p s e a ch h a vi n g a t th e i r e xtr e m iti e s fl e u r de l i s o rn a m e n t s ;
,
- -

th e s e s tra p s which a r e n ic e ly fitte d a n d a tta che d by s c r e w n a il s a r e

,
-
,

prob a bly m od e rn .

Th e Ha r p h a s n ot t h e a pp e a r a n c e of h a vi n g b e e n m uch u s e d ; th a t
i s t h e a n gl e s fo r m e d by t h e sou n di n g bo ar d a n d s id e s a r e n ot r ou n d e d off
,
-

or wo rn a w a y a s th e y would b e h a d th e y b e e n subj e ct e d to co n s t a n t

friction fr o m t h e w r i s t s or a rm s Th e o r igi n a l k e y s do n ot s ho w s ign s of .

w e a r Upon t h e l e ft s id e of t h e so u n di n g boa r d a pi e c e h a s b e e n a dd e d
.
-
,

a n d upo n t h e l e ft s id e of t h e box two pi e c e s h a v e b e e n l e t i n I f th e s e .

a r e n ot t h e
»
wo r k of John K e lly t h e o r n a m e n t a tio n h a s b e e n w e ll
r e pr oduc e d Th e Ha r p i s m uch wor m —e a te n a n d a s it i s p a i n te d t h e
.
,

wood u s e d i n i t s con s tr uction h as n ot b e e n a s c e r ta i n e d .

THE HO L L Y B R O O K HA R P

Thi s Ha r p i s u n lik e a n y of tho s e a l r e a dy d e s cr ibe d an d i s t h e on ly ,

k n ow n s p e ci m e n of co n s id e ra bl e a n tiquity t h e box of which i s n ot cut

ou t of a s olid block I t i s p r oba bl e th a t log s of bog s a ll ow w e r e n ot
.

obta i n a bl e withi n e a s y r e a ch a n d t h e di fficulty of tr a n s por ti n g a 1

,

s uit a bl e bloc k fr o m a di s t a n c e w a s s o g r e a t th a t t h e a r t i fi c e r w a s fo r c e d , ,

i n pl a c e of con s t r ucti n g t h e box of t h e i n s tr u m e n t i n t h e a ccusto m e d

m an n e r to build or con s tr uct it out of s e v e r a l pi e c e s
,
I t a pp e a rs th a t .

h e w a s a w a re of t h e u s u a l fo r m a n d follow e d it Th e low e r por tio n .

of t h e box for i n s t an c e s how s wh a t w a s i n t e n d e d to r e p r e s e n t a

, ,

s tu n t e d p r oj e cti n g block on e ith e r s id e of which t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d

,
-

te r m i n a t e s i n cu r ve s Ag a i n t h e g r a i n of t h e wood of t h e s ou n di n g
.

bo ar d r u n s a lo n g t h e s tr i n gs a n d t h e s id e s of t h e box a r e d e e p e r ,

1 T h ere a re no b o
g s a onl g th e l o w— i n g ly of Du bl i n . Bo g d cc
s o o ur i n Wi ckl ow bu t u p on

p ti Wi ckl ow ghb c ty h i gh g d w h w i ll ld
,

on s of th e n ei ou r i n g the ow w ou n ot
or or ou n r oun e re
gr ow .
 '

M U SI C A L
-
I NS TR U M E NT S;

Cha rl e s Bu n vi o rt h Ba l t da n i l
‘

,
a b ove w hi ch i s a this tl e an d
e ,

lily both b i g l l - t d O t h l e ft s ide of t h e for e

3 th a w e
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a n e n .
.

e T 1i
r a nd b e hi n d
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d x occur w hile , ,
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,

he gri ht sid e t h e ro “

se t h t a r
l
l a an d i ly a lso s
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curv h thi t l n d lily

Up o n t h e l ef t s ide of t bs e t
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r re a t t a c he d to t h e b ox b y
Th e ha r m o n ic o w n a n d a w 1 c ar
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i t i fl w d l i or n a me n t s ;
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t
re s ra s p w hci
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w ha vi n g be e n m u ch us e d ; tha t

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ag forc ed
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p lac e on s tru c t i ng t h e box «if

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t h e bo x for i n st a n c e s h o ws wa s
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w te d p r oj ec tin g b l oc k o n e i t h e r .
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mi n a te s i n c u rv es
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m b ox a r e de e p e r
 THE I R I SH HA R P 97

at the xt r e m ity tha n a t t h e lo w e r t e r m in a tion

upp e r e As t h e .

a r t i fi c e r h as s how n g r e a t i n g e n uity i n t h e co n s t r uctio n of t h e box ,

t h e followi n g p r ob a bl e m e thod a dopt e d by hi m m ay p e r h a p s i n t e re s t

t he r ea der A block 2 i n l o n g w a s fir s t p r e p a r e d two cur v e d pi e c e s
. .
,

o f wood
5i n thick w e re a tta ch e d to it a t 15i n fr om t h e t e rm in a tion
. . .

To t h e oute r por tio n of th e s e cu r v e d pi e c e s of wood t h e F IG . I.

s id es of t h e box w e r e a tt a ch e d (Fig A block of .

wood 1 i n thick to which t h e s id e s w e r e a tta ch e d fo r m e d

.

t h e upp e r t e r m i n a tio n of t h e box A por tio n of thi s block

.
,

w e dg e—s h a p e d i n fo rm p r otr ud e d fr om t h e te rm i n a tion of

,

t h e box ; to thi s t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e w a s fitt e d (Fig I L )

$3
. .

Th e fr a m e wo r k of t h e box b e i n g thu s co n s t r uct e d it w as p r ob a bly ,

pl a c e d upon a pl a n k of s uita bl e wood p er ha ps r a th e r m o re th an a n i n ch ,

thick ; li n e s w e r e th e n d ra w n i n dic a ti n g t h e out e r a n d i n n e r

FIG II.

Th e
.

s id e s a n d e n d s of t h e fr a m e a n d t h e p r oj e cti n g block .

outs id e po r tio n s of thi s bo a r d w e r e th e n c u t a wa y s o a s to

a llow t h e i n n e r po r tio n to b e i n s e r t e d Th e s ou n d hol e s .
-

w e r e th e n m a d e a n d t h e m e ta l s tr i n g b a n d a tta ch e d a n d t h e -
,

e xt e r io r of t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d fo r m e d co n v e x a c r o s s t h e s t r i n g s
-
An d .

fi n a lly t h e i n n e r por tio n of th e s ou n d i n g bo a r d w a s hollow e d i n to t h e

,
-

for m of a fl a tt e n e d a r ch Th e s ou n din g boa r d b e i n g s e cu r e ly F

.
-
IG . II I.

fa s t e n e d to t h e s id e s e n ds a n d p r oj e cti n g block m oul di n g s

, , ,

t h e s e ctio n r e p r e s e n ti n g a s e g m e n t of a ci r cl e w as a tta ch e d
s o a s to cov e r a l l th e j oi n i n g s a n d th e
(s e e s e ctio n Fig , .

b a ck cov e re d i n by a bo a r d I t i s cl e a r th a t thi s Ha r p w a s n ot i n te n d e d
.

to r e s t upo n t h e low e r t e r m i n a tion of t h e box for th e r e a re t w o hol e s i n ,

t h e out e r po r tio n s of t h e cu r v e d pi e c e s of wood i n to which p e g s or

s uppo r t s w e r e s cr e w e d ; t h e wo r m s of t h e s c r e w s a r e di s tin ctly vi s ibl e

(Fig L ) Th e s ou n di n g bo a r d t h e g r a i n of which r u n s a lon g t h e s tr i n gs

. .
-
, ,

h a s b e e n s lightly r a i s e d by t h e t e n s io n of t h e s t r i n g s In thick n e s s .

i t i s 5i n a n d i n it a r e s i x ci r cul a r s ou n d hol e s 1 i n i n di a m e t e r
.
,
-
, . .

”
The r e i s n o r a i s e d s tri n g ba n d but i n pl a c e of t h e s ho e s of t h e s t r i n gs
-
,

th e r e i s a m e ta l ba n d 5i n wid e e x t e n di n g fr om t h e fo r e a rm to t h e
.
,
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h ar m o n ic cu rv e Thi s b a n d i s pi e r c e d for thi r ty e ight s tr i n gs t h e hol e s

.
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,

bein g 5 i n a t t h e s u r fa c e a n d 5
.
1
5i n n e xt t h e wood Thi s m e t a l s tr i n g
. .

ba n d i s c e rta i n ly old it i s fa s t e n e d by n a ils a n d i s fa i rly s tr o n g but n ot

, ,

N
98 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NTS

thick an d would n ot i n t e r fe r e m uch with t h e vib ra tion ; it how e v e r

, , ,

did n ot an sw e r t h e pur po s e i n t e n d e d a s t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d is b a dly

,
-

F IG . IV . split f or s o m e l e n g th a lo n g t h e s tri n g
hol e s Th e ra i s e d s trin g b a n d s t o be
.
-

fou n d upo n t h e old e r Ha r p s a pp e a r b e tt e r

t o h a v e with s tood t h e t e n s io n of t h e
s t r i n g s th a n thi s m e ta l b an d fa st e n e d a s it

i s by o r di n a ry n a il s Th e s ou n din g bo a r d
.
-

i s 45i n b r o a d a t t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity

.
,

an d 9 in
5 b r oa d at t h e lowe r te rm i n a tion
. .

Th e l e n gth of t h e box i s 3 7 i n t h e s id e s .

are 5 5i n de e p a t t h e upp er e xtre m ity

.
,

an d 4 i n
5 d e e p at t h e lowe r t e r m in ation
. .

I n t h e bo a r d n ow cov e r i n g t h e ba ck of
t h e box th e r e i s a l a rg e c a vity Th e .

boa r d i s ba dly fitt e d a n d m ay n ot b e tha t

o r igi n a ll y s uppli e d As th er e a r e six s ou n d
.

hol e s thr ough which t h e i n s t r u m e n t could

b e r e s t r un g a c a vity a t t h e b a ck w a s
-
,

u n n e c e s s a ry All t h e po r tio n s of th e box

.

a r e m o s t c a r e fully put tog e th e r an d if , ,

wh e n co n s tructe d a n d d e co ra t e d th e r e
w as n o c a vity a t t h e b a ck it m u s t h a v e ,

b e e n difficult to t r a c e t h e s e v e r a l j oin i n g s .

Th a t po r tio n of t h e block a t t h e
upp e r t e r m i n a tio n of th e box t o which ,

t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e i s a tt a ch e d ,
do e s n ot r i s e fr om t h e c e n t re of t h e
box (Fig I L ) t h e m e a su r e m e n t on t h e l e ft s id e be i n g 15i n whil e
.
, .
,

th a t on t h e r ight s id e of it i s 15i n Thi s a rra n g e m e n t a llow s t h e

.

s t r i n g s to b e m o r e p e r p e n dicul ar th an th e y oth e r wi s e would b e Th e .

ba n d s thr ough w hich t h e tu n i n g p e g s p a s s a r e i r o n a n d fo r m s i n gl e

-
,

cu r ve s Th e y a r e pi e r ce d for thi r ty n in e tu n i n g p e g s som e of which a r e

.
- -
,

pl a i n whil e oth e r s s how two form s of o r n a m e n ta tio n both old Th e

, , .

l e n gth of t h e s ho rt e st s tr i n g i s 2 5 i n th a t of t h e lo n g e s t str i n g is 3 7 i n
.
, .

Th e s t r i n gs a t p r e s e n t on t h e Ha r p a r e a ll b ra ss of t h e s a m e ga uge a n d
, ,

a re m od e r n . Th e upp e r portio n of t h e ha rm on ic cu r v e i s r ou n d e d a n d ,
100 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

s id e th e r e is th e figu r e of a m a n v e r y i n di s ti n ct a n d a bov e an e a gl e , , , ,
.

B e tw e e n t h e upp e r t e r m i n a tion of t h e box a n d t h e fi r s t s ou n d hol e s on -

both s i de s th e r e a r e foli a c e ou s d e s ign s Th e Ha r p s hows s ign s of h a vi n g

, .

b e en con s id e r a bly u s e d .

I t is n o t k n own how lon g thi s Har p h as b e e n a t Hollybr ook I t i s .

s uppo s e d to d a t e fr o m 17 2 0 a n d i s old e n ough a n d i s b e li e v e d to h a v e , ,

b e e n t h e Ha r p of a fo r m e r p r op r i e tor R ob e r t Ad a i r s o fa m ou s i n a , ,

n u m b e r of s o n g s i n Scotl a n d a n d I re l an d
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as M d e L a t oc n a y e who , .
,

vi s it e d Hollyb r ook i n 17 96 i n fo r m s u s Th e a utho r of t h e wor d s of t h e

1
,
.

s o n g R obi n Ad a i r
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s o h a ppily w e dd e d to t h e e v e r fr e s h a n d b e a utiful
,

m e lody Eil e e n A r oo n i s n ot k n ow n
, Th e y w e r e s u n g by B ra h a m a t h i s
,
2
.

b e n e fit i n 18 11 a n d m a y h a v e b e e n old a t tha t p e r iod M uch h a s b e e n

, .

w r itte n a bout th e m b u t n o d e fin it e s t a t e m en t c a n b e m a d e
, .

R ob e r t Ad a i r of Hollyb r ook w a s t h e a n c e s to r of t h e p r e s e n t po s s e s s o r
of t h e Ha r p Si r R ob e r t Ada ir Hod s on B a r t of Hollybr ook Cou n ty
, , , ,

Wicklow wh e r e it i s s till pre s e r v e d who h a s ki n dly a llow e d it to b e

, ,

photogra ph e d for t h e pu r pos e of illu s tra ti n g thi s wo r k .

3

O f this Har p a h a lf to n e block illu s tr a tion fr o m a photogra ph a pp e a re d

-

i n Th e L e i s u r e Hou r for J a n u a ry 190 1 I t i s to b e r e g re tte d th a t thi s .

illu s tr a tion fa il s to show t h e tr i a n gul a r p e r fo ra tio n of t h e fo r e pill ar t h e -

,

m o s t disti n ctiv e fe a t u r e of t h e i n s t r u m e n t .

A HARP BY J O HN EG AN

Thi s i n s tr u m e n t b e li e v e d to ha v e b e e n t h e fi rs t m a d e by thi s n ote d

,

m a k e r i s d e s e r vi n g of n otic e a s it i s p e rh a p s t h e m o s t i n te r e s ti n g of t h e
, ,

m o r e m od e r n s p e ci m e n s Eg a n wh e n co n s t r uctin g thi s Ha r p m u s t h a v e
.
, ,

h a d a n a n ci e n t Har p b e fo r e h i m t h e fo rm o f which h e follow e d with ,

s light v a r i a tio n s .

John E ga n No 2 5D a wso n Str e e t 18 0 9 i s e n g ra v e d upo n on e of t h e

, .
, ,

m e t a l b a n d s th r ough which t h e tu n i n g p e g s p a s s a n d upo n t h e s ou n di n g -

,

boa r d th e r e i s a n i n s c r iptio n i n G e r m an t e xt s o m e of which i s n ow ,

1
Th i ere mi l r t t m t
s n o Sig d i g y H di a I i h Mi t l y
s a e en re ar n an ar ni an s
’
r s ns re s .

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o r oo e re su ma bly g t h i i f m
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p th p t — L y 1901 Hd d wi g m t
, ,

u on e s o e i s u re H J
ou r , a n u ar Mi ss f o s on or ra m n s, e a s u re en s, an d
P t i L ct l i i i p 2 98 d c pti f h i t m t
. .

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2 i O C
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e r e, n u rr y s e u r e s , vo . . . es ri on s o t e ns ru en .
 THE I R I SH HA R P 10 1

i n di s t i n ct but a t ran s c r ipt w a s m a d e m a n y y e a r s s i n c e

, ,
an d a tt a ch e d to

t h e b a ck of t h e Ha r p of which t h e followi n g i s a copy

,

Th e Har p on c e m ad e d
at y ou r c omm a n ,

Wi th a n ci en t s on g s h a ll ch ar m t h e l an d
,

Wh i l e ea ch y ou n g a n d p oor O r ph an b oy
Fr om y ou r h ig h bou n t y fi n d s e m pl oy
M a y k i n d l i n e s s s we e t p a c e p r ol on g e ,

An d g l a d i n s p i r e t h e d a n c e a n d s on g .

I n 18 0 9 t h e Har p Soci e ty w as s ta r t e d i n Dubli n t h e fi r s t B e lfa s t ,

Ha r p Soci e ty which w a s i n s titut e d i n 18 0 7 b e i n g a t t h e ti m e i n a

, ,

flou r i s hi n g s t a t e Thi s i n s tr u m e n t m ay h a v e b e e n t h e fi rs t m a d e by
.

E ga n for e ith e r of tho s e i n s titutio n s .

Th e box of thi s Ha r p which i s built up or co n s t r ucte d of s e v e r a l

,

pi e c e s i s fla t a t t h e s id e s a n d h a s a p r oj e cti n g block 55
, , i n lo n g Th e . .

low e r po r tio n of t h e box t ak e s t h e for m of s e m icir cul a r cu rv e s a t e ith e r

s id e of t h e p r oj e cti n g block Th e s ou n di n g boa r d t h e g r a i n of w h ich
.
-
,

r u n s a c r o s s t h e s tr i n gs h a s n o s ou n d hol e s
,
I t i s 3 7 5i n lon g 45i n -
. .
, .

br o a d a t t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity a n d 115 i n b r oa d a t t h e lo w e r t e r m i n a ti o n

,
. .

I t h a s a fa i rly wid e a n d d e e p s tr i n g b an d pi e r c e d for thi rty s i x s tr i n g s

-
,
-
,

wi th wi r e p r ote ctio n s a bov e e a ch hol e Th e s id e s of t h e box a r e 3 6 i n . .

lo n g both a t t h e fr o n t a n d a t t h e ba ck Th e d e pth a t t h e upp e r .

e xt r e m ity i s 3 i n 25. i n low e r it i s 35 .i n a n d a t t h e lo w e r t e r m i n a tio n .

,

45 in
. He r e Egan n o doubt a lte r e d t h e fo rm Al m o s t al l t h e a n ci e n t .

h a rp s th a t a r e e xtan t ha v e t h e s id e s of t h e box t h e s a m e d e pth th r ough

out or d e e p e r a t t h e upp e r th a n a t t h e low e r e xtr e m ity
,
Th e p r o .
1

i block which i s fo r m e d of two pi e c e s i s 4i n d eep

j e c t n
g , ,
. .

Th e fo r e pill ar which i s without t h e T fo rm a tion i s s lightly cu r v e d

-
, , ,

i s p e r fe ctly pl a i n a n d i s fo r m e d out of on e pi e c e of wood

,
Th e low e r .

po r tion i s i n s e r t e d i n to t h e p r oj e cti n g block whil e t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity ,

i s tu r n e d b a ckw a r d s a n d i s fo r m e d i n to a r e p r e s e n ta tio n of t h e n e ck a n d
,

h e a d of a n e a gl e Thi s n e ck a n d h e a d h a v e b e e n a dd e d Th e r e i s n o
. .

i n dic a tio n of t h e o r igi n a l fo r m of t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e for e pill a r but -

,

it m a y ha v e b e e n a s c r oll Th e l e n gth fr o m t h e e n d of th e p r oj e cti n g

.

block to t h e p r e s e n t t e r m i n a tion of t h e fo re pill a r i s 535 in t h e l e n gth -

.

of t h e fo r e pill a r fr o m wh e r e i t j oi n s th e s ou n di n g bo a rd i s 45
-
, 5i n -
, .

1
Th e Be lf t M
as u s eu m Ha r pi s an e x e c pt i on .
102 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

Th e h a r m on ic cu r v e r i s e s fr o m t h e c e n tr e of t h e t e r m i n a tio n of t h e
box ; it th e n t a k e s a cu r v e tow a r d s t h e r ight a s i n t h e m od e rn h a rp s .

I t i s of on e pi e c e o f wood a n d j oi n s t h e fo r e pill a r i n t h e m or e m od e r n -

fa s hio n a n d i s fu r n i s h e d with two m e ta l b a n d s for m i n g s i n gl e cur v e s ;

,

th e s e a r e pi e rc e d for thirty s i x p e g s a l l of which a re i n th e ir pl a c e s -

,

a n d a r e s lightly o r n a m e n t e d i n i m ita tion of tho s e upon m or e a n ci e n t

s p e ci m e n s Th e s e p e g s do n ot e xt e n d fa r upo n t h e l e ft s id e Th er e a re
. .

n o n ut s or s t ra i n i n g pi n s Th e s ho r te s t s tr i n g i s 2 5
-
i n t h e lo n ge s t i s
. .
,

3 95 in Th e gr e a t e s t width of th e i n s t r u m e n t i s 2 6 i n
. Th e l e n gth .

fr o m t h e e n d of t h e p r oj e cti n g block to t h e upp e r por tion of t h e h ar m o n ic

cu r v e a fte r it l e a ve s t h e box i s 46 i n Th e fo r e pill a r h a s n ot b e e n b e n t .
-

to w a r d s t h e l e ft n or h as t h e s ou n di n g boa r d be e n d ra w n up by t h e
,
-

t e n s io n of t h e s tr in g s Th e r e i s a l a r g e c a vity a t t h e b a ck of t h e box
. .

Th e i n s tr u me n t which do e s n ot s how m uch s ign s of w e ar i s i n for m m uch

, ,

s up e r io r to t h e h a r p s s u ppli e d by E g a n to t h e s e co n d B e lfa s t Ha r p

Soci e ty F r o m a M s s t a t e m e n t on t h e ba ck of th e box w e l e a r n th a t
. .

thi s i n s t r u m e n t w a s pla y e d upon a t t h e L ib e r a tor s ch a i r i n g a s M P for ’

.

Dubli n i n 18 3 2 Thi s Har p i s i n t h e po s s e s s i o n of E W He n n el l E s q

. . .
, ,

who h a s m o s t obligi n gly a llowe d t h e w r ite r to e xa m i n e a n d m e a s u r e it .

HA R P A T S U TH O K E NSI NG TO N

In t h e Albe r t M u s e u m th e r e i s a Ha r p which w a s p re
V icto ri a an d ,

1
s e n t e d i n 18 7 2 by t h e V e n A r chd e a co n Sa u r i n a s h a vi n g b e lo n g e d to a
.

c e l e br a t e d h a r p e r who s e n a m e u n fo r tu n a te ly w as n ot n ot e d Th e box
, , , .

of thi s i n s tr u m e n t which i s built up o r con s tr uct e d out of s e v e ra l

,

pi e c e s di ffe rs i n for m fr om th a t of t h e old e r s p e ci m e n s t h e s id e s b e i n g

, ,

d e e p e r a t t h e low e r t e rm i n a tio n th a n a t t h e upp e r e xtr em ity Th e .

s id e s of t h e box a r e cut a t a cut e a n gl e s fr o m t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d a t -

t h e low e r t e r m i n a tio n s o a s to fo r m a s ta n d Th e s ou n di n g —boa r d i s 5 in . .

thick a n d i s fa s t e n e d to t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e s id e s of t h e box ,

h a vi n g a lo n g t h e e dg e s n a rr ow pi e ce s of wood 5i n d e e p Th e width . .

a t t h e low e r t e r m i n a tion is 115 i n a n d a t t h e upp e r e xt r e m ity 5 5i n .

, .

1
b bly t h g tl m f t h m m f
Pro a e en e an o e sa e na e o 18 52 . hi H p w
T s ar as n ot on e of th e ex hi b t
i s ;

S g
ea C ty A m gh w h c t i b t d th
oe , ou n r a o on r u e to e it m y
a t h v b
no a e e en i n t h e Ar chd c e a on s
’
pos s e s

c ll cti f t q t h i bi t d t B lf t i t th t p i d
,

o e on o an i ui i es ex e a e as n i
s on a a er o .
10 4 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

e xtr e m ity wh e n it ta k e s a b a ckwa r d cu r v e an d t e r m i n a t e s i n a scroll

, ,

m ost of which h a s di s a pp e a r e d but a po r tio n i s vi s ibl e upo n t h e right ,

s id e . Th e e xt r e m e h e ight i s 4ft 35 in . .

Th e h a r m o n ic cu r v e wh e r e it j oi n s t h e box i s 2 5 i n d e e p a ft e r w ar d s .
,

25 i n d e e p a n d is 2 5i n i n l e n gth fro m t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d
.
, . It i s -
.

fo r m e d i n t h e m o r e m od e r n fa s hion a n d j oi n s t h e for e pill ar n e a r e r to ,

-

t h e box th an i s usu a l Th e e xtr e m e width of t h e in s t r u m e n t is 3 15

. in .

Th e m e ta l ba n d s thr ou gh which t h e tu n i n g p e g s p as s fo rm s i n gl e cu r ve s -
,

a n d a r e pi e r c e d for fo r ty on e tu n i n g p e gs Th e re a r e n o n uts or s tr a i n i n g
- -
.

p egs .

As sta t e d t h e i n st r um e n t h a s on t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d thi r ty e ight

,
- -

s e r vic e a bl e s tr i n g hol e s Suppo s i n g thi r ty e ight t o h a v e b e e n t h e

-
.
-

n u mb er t h e s ho r t e s t s tr i n g would b e 2 5
,
i n a n d t h e lo n g e s t 425 in . .

Th e r e a r e fi ve hol e s i n t h e tr e bl e without s tr i n g s P a s s i n g th e s e .
,

th e r e a r e s e ve n te e n s tr i n gs of st e e l wir e a ll of which g a ug e C l s t oc t , ,
.

Th e fir s t of th e s e s e ve n t e e n s tr i n gs m e a s u re s 45 i n a n d t h e s e v e n t e en th .
,

m e as u r e s 16 5 in Th e e ight e e n th s tr i n g which i s of b ra s s m e as u re s
.
, ,

17 5 in t h e ga ug e b e i n g b e tw e e n D a n d E 4t h oc t
.
, Th e foll owi n g , .

e ight st r i n g s i n clu di n g t h e twe n ty s ixth a r e of t h e s a m e g a ug e a s

,
-
,

t h e e ight e e n th Th e twe n ty s e v e n th str i n g ga ug e s D 4th oc t ; t h e

.
-
, .

tw e n ty e ighth str i n g b e tw e e n D a n d E 4t h oct ; t h e tw e n ty n i n th

-
, , .
-
,

b e tw e e n E a n d F 4t h oc t t h e thirti e th b e tw e e n D a n d E 4t h oc t
,
.
, , .

t h e thi r ty fi r s t a n d thi r ty s e con d b e tw e e n E a n d F 4t h oct

- -
, Th e , .

thi r ty t hi r d i s m i s s i n g
-
.

Thi s Ha rp i s n e a tl y m a d e b u t i s n ot p a i n t e d or d e cor a t e d I t i s
, .

n ot wo rn a t t h e s id e s of t h e box a s it would h a v e b e e n h a d it b e en ,

m uch u s e d ; a n d a s it w a s p r e s e n t e d to t h e m u s e u m a s l a t e a s 18 7 2 ,

t h e s t r i n g s m ay n ot b e co r re ct I t i s a g e n ui n e but l a t e s p e cim e n a n d
.
, , ,

i n fo rm som e wh a t r e s e m bl e s t h e i n s tru m en t A r thu r O Ne i ll i s r e

’

p r e s e n te d a s pl a yi n g upo n but it i s quit e e vid e n t it i s n ot tha t ,

i n s tr u m e n t I t is s t a te d tha t t h e sou n di n g bo a r d of thi s Ha r p i s of

.
-

Sw i s s pi n e but it r e s e m bl e s co mm o n d e a l
, Th e wood u s e d could n ot .

h a v e b e e n s ea s o n e d wh e n pl a c e d upo n t h e i n s tr u m e n t I t is b adly .

s h r u n k a n d c r a ck e d i n s e v e n di ff e r e n t pl a c e s Th e r e m a i nd e r of t h e .

i n s tr u m e n t i s of b e e chwood a n d i s m uch wo r m e a t e n -
.
 TH E I R I S H HA R P 10 5

THE C HA R L E M O NT HA R P

A Ha r p of a l a t e p er iod but of s o m e i n te r e s t i s i n t h e po s s e s s io n of
, ,

P r ofe s s or Glov e r of Dubli n I t fo r m e r ly b e lon g e d to M a r y Cou n t e s s of

,
.
,

Cha rl e m o n t wife of t h e V olu n t e e r E a r l Th e Ha r p i s gr e e n a n d r e li e ve d

,
.
,

by gildi n g ; t h e fo r e pill a r which i s s tr a ight a n d flute d i s s u rm ou n te d

-
, ,

by a co r o n e t a n d s c a rl e t c a p Th e re a re o n ly tw e n ty—
. e ight s t r i n g s .

Th e h e ight of t h e fo re pill ar i s 3 ft 10 i n
-
. .
1

Two oth e r wi r e s tr un g Ha r p s of a s o m e wh a t l a t er p e r iod m a y b e

-

s e e n i n t h e B e lfa s t a n d Dubli n M u s e u m s Th e fir s t i s of t h e She ra ton .

p e r iod a n d i s of littl e con s e qu e n c e

,
I t i s p r ob a bly t h e Har p which .

w a s e xhibit e d a t B e lfa s t i n 18 5 2 by M r E L i n d s a y a s “
s t a t e d to b e . .

tha t of He m p s on but t h e i n s tr u m e n t b e lon gi n g to th a t h ar p e r h as

,

a l r e a dy b e e n n otic e d a s p r e s e r v e d a t Do w n hill Th e s e con d which .

,

w a s s old to t h e R oy a l I r i s h Ac a d e m y a s t h e Ha r p of Ca r ol an is a ,

fr a ud an d a s P e tr i e r e m a r ks i s wholly u n wor thy of a pl a ce i n t h e

, ,
£
,
6

gre a t m u s e um i n which it i s d e pos it e d .

Th e thr e e la st m e n tio n e d Ha r ps a re d ra wi n g r oo m i n s tr um e n t s -
.

M an y such w e r e doubtl e s s co n s truct e d tow ar ds t h e clos e of t h e

e ight e e n th c e n tu r y wh e n l a di e s still pl a y e d t h e I r i s h Ha r p
, .

B EL F A ST S O C I E TY HA R P S

Th e Har p s m a d e for t h e s e co n d B e lfa s t Ha r p Soci e ty D r P e tr i e , .

s ta t e s
,
a s far a s h e w as a w a r e w e r e al l m a d e by E ga n t h e e m i n e n t
, ,

Dubli n Ha r p m a k e r -
O n e of th e s e which h a s b e e n n otic e d (p 5
. 2)
, .

a n d i s r e p r e s e n t e d on t h e fr o n ti s pi e c e i s 5 ft 1 i n i n h e ight Th e , . . .

box or m or e co r re ctly s p e a ki n g t h e body h a s a r ou n de d ba ck s i m il a r

, , ,

to th a t of a m od e rn P e d a l —Ha r p a n d lik e th a t i n s tru m e n t t h e fou r

, , ,

s ou n d hol e s ar e a l s o pl a c e d a t t h e b a ck
-
Tho s e por tio n s of t h e s id e s .

to which th e s o u n di n g boa r d i s a tt a ch e d a r e curv e d an d giv e a

-
,

Th e s ou n di n g bo a r d which
’

l on g i t u di n a l c u r ve to t h e s ou n di n g bo ar d -
.
-
,

h a s t h e g r a i n a c r o s s t h e s t r i n g s h a s a r a i s e d str i n g b a n d a n d wi r e
,

gu a r d s a bov e t h e s tr i n g hol e s Sha m r ock s p a i n t e d g r e e n a r e di s tr ibut e d

-
.

ove r a l a r ge po r tion of t h e s u r fa c e a n d a l s o t h e R oya l Ar ms a n d t h e ,

followi n g i n s c r iption upon it p a i n t e d i n r e d — “

M a n ufa ctu r e d for t h e
1 C o m mu n i c t d by T H L
a e . . on gfi e l d, Esq .

0
106 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

B e lfa s t I r i s h Ha rp Soci e ty No 193 3 By E ga n Dubli n Ha rp M ak e r

, .
, , ,

t o Hi s M aj e s ty G e or g e W a n d t h e R oy a l F a m ily
”
. .

Th e widt h of t h e s ou n di n g bo ar d a t t h e lowe r t e r m i n a tion is 15

-
5 i n a nd .
,

a t t h e upp e r e xt re m ity 3
5i n T h e l e .
5
n gth i s 4 ft 1 i n O n th e in n e r . .

s id e t h e sou n di n g bo a r d is st r e n gth e n e d n ot o n ly by a s t r i n g b an d but

-
,
-
,

by t w o pi e ce s of wood a tta che d lon gitudin a lly b e tw e e n t h e str i n g b an d

,
-

an d t h e s id e s . The s e e xte n d a l m o s t t h e full l e n gth Th e h a rm on ic .

cu r ve is con s tructe d out of a n u m b e r of pi e c e s of wood car e fully j oin e d .

Th e re a r e two co m pl e te pi e c e s ; on e of th e s e is i n t h e c e n t re an d t h e
oth e r at t h e r ight s id e B e tw e e n th e s e a n d on th e l e ft s id e a re s e v e ra l
.
, ,

pi e ce s j oi n e d tog e th e r Th e r e a r e n uts or s tra i n in g p e g s for th e s tr i n g s

.
-
,

but th e m e ta l b a n ds th r ough which upo n th e a n ci e n t Ha r p s t h e tu n in g

,

p e g s p as s n ot b e i n g r e qui r e d for a h arm on ic cu r ve s o con str uct e d

, ,

a r e wa n ti n g . This por tio n of t h e i n stru m e n t i s howe v e r furth e r , ,

s tr en t he n e d
g an d suppor t e d by a n i r on ba n d which e xte n d s t h e
e n ti r e l e n gth a lo n g t h e u n d e r sid e to which it i s a tt a ch e d by s cr e w n a il s
,
-
.

Th e for e pill a r which i s s li ghtly cur v e d i s without t h e T form a tion but

-
, , ,

i s for m e d of t w o pi e c e s j oi n e d tog e th e r Thi s h as n ot h a d t h e e ffe ct of

.

r e s i s ti n g t h e t e n s io n of t h e s t r i n g s s o t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e for e

,

pill ar l e a n s s o m e wh a t tow a rd s t h e l e ft Th e r e ar e thi r ty —s e v e n stri n gs

.

t h e s hort e st is 2 5 i n a n d t h e lo n g e s t 4 ft 5
.
5i n Wh en purcha s e d i n . .

Dubli n thi s Ha r p h a d a n u m b e r of s tr i n g s or por tion s of s tri n gs a tta ch e d

to it The r e w e r e cou n ti n g m is s i n g s trin g s tw e n ty on e of s t e e l a n d
.
, ,
-

s ixt e e n of br a s s wi r e Som e of t h e s tr i n gs w e r e of a n i n co r r e ct ga uge

. .

Th e fol lowi n g a pp e ar s to h a v e b e e n t h e o r igi n a l ga uge

1St S tm g 2 é8 m l on g
, ,
St e e l , G a ug e B l st . O ct .

2 ot h
,
16
2 1s t 17 5 E , 2n d
2 2n d 195
D’ 8 r d
2 6 th 2 85
2 7 th 3 15
3 1s t 42 5
2 3 rd 445
37 th 535
I t i s i n t e re s ti n g to n ot e th a t upon an ci e n t Har p s , th e box e s of wh ich
10 8 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

h a ve b e e n pl e as e d with t h e copy M r Colli n s th e n b e c am e its po s se s sor . . .

Th e d a te 18 12 a t which p e r iod it i s s ta te d to h a v e be co m e t h e p r op e r ty
, ,

of M r B e ll i s m o s t lik e ly a p r i n t e r s e rr o r a s th a t g e n tl e m a n di e d a bout
’
.
, ,

18 7 0 . As st a t e d b e fo r e th e r e c a n s car c e ly b e a re a s o n a bl e doubt th a t
,

thi s Ha rp i s a b a d copy of t h e O Ke ll y Ha r p a t Down hill Both t h e ’

.

Ha rps h a v e t h e h ea d t e rm in a tio n of t h e for e p ill ar a l m os t s i m il a r -

,

te rmi n a tion s of t h e low e r portion of t h e box s i m il ar o r n am e n ta tion ove r ,

t h e s ou n d hol e s a n d s i m i l a r t e r m i n a tio n s t o t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e

-
,

s ou n di n g bo a r d
1 -
Th e b ox of t h e E di n bu rgh i n s t r u m e n t i s cut ou t of
.

a s olid block Th e Ha r p h as b e e n s tru n g but sho w s n o s ig n s of

.
,

h avi n g b e e n use d I t is com p ara tive ly m od e rn a n d wo u ld p r ob a bly

.
,

’
n ot b e h e r e n otic e d h a d it n ot b e e n illu s tra t e d i n D r u m m o n d s Scotti s h

W e a pon s a wor k of i m por tan ce ; but a s it h a s b e e n illu s tr a te d i n tha t

,

wo rk t h e followi n g m e as u r e m e n ts a r e giv e n F r om t h e upp e r por tion

, .

of t h e t r e bl e te rm i n a tio n of t h e h a rm o n ic cu r v e to t h e e n d of t h e
p r oj e cti n g block 445 in F r o m t h e b a ck of t h e box t o t h e fr o n t of t h e
, .

( ) he ad 3 2 5 L e n gth of box 3 85i n Width of s ou n di n g

’
s e rp e n t s i in , .
, .

boar d a t t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity 45i n at t h e low e r t e r m i n a tion 105 ,

in .
, , .

Thick n e ss of s oun di n g bo a rd a t t h e low e r s ou n d hol e s 555 i n a t t h e

- -
,
.
,

u pp e r s ou n d hol e
5i n The re are s i x s oun d hol e s Th e s oun di n g
-
, .
-
.

bo ar d i s con v e x thr oughout— r i s i n g a t t h e low e r e n d 1 i n a t t h e c e n tr e .

,

15 i n a t t h e thi r t e e n th st r i n g hol e 5
.
, ih a n d a t t h e upp e r e xt r e m ity
-
.
,

5i n Th e s i de s of t h e box fo rm s tra ight li n e s Th e d e pth a t t h e upp e r

. .

e xt r e m ity i s 4 5i n at t h e c e n tr e 45i n a n d at t h e low e r t e rm in ati on 35i n

.
,
.
, .

Th e l e n gth fr o m t h e e n d of t h e p r oj e cti n g block t o t h e high e s t por tion

of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r ve i s a bout 51 i n Th e ra i s e d s tr i n g ba n d i s pi e rc e d .
-

for thirty fou r str in g s -

Th e s t r i n g hol e s h a v e t r i a n gul a r pi e c e s of b r as s
.
-

—t h e “ s ho e s of th e s t r i n g s ”
Th e s e ar e without o rn a m e n ta tio n a n d
.
,

a r e a tt a ch e d a t e a ch a n gl e by n a il s Th e m e ta l b an d s th r ough which .

t h e tu n i n g p e g s p a s s a r e i n t h e fo r m of s i n gl e curve s a n d h a v e e a ch
-

thi r ty fou r hol e s i n which a r e thi r ty fou r p e g s

-
As thi s i n s tr u m e n t -
.

w a s m a d e a n d t h e s trin g s p r ob a bly suppli e d a t a p e r iod wh e n t h e

, ,

I r i s h Ha r p w a s i n u se t h e foll owi n g gauge m e as u re me n ts e t c m ay b e

, ,
.
,

of v a lu e

1
Th e p e rs on w h o ma d th i
e s Ha r pw p as re s u m a bly f a l
mi i ar w i th th e Be lf t M
as u se u m Har p .
 THE I R I SH HA R P 10 9

I St t i g
s r n , 5i 2 n . lo n g ,
St e e l G a uge G l st O ct
105
.
, ,

13 th
14t h 115 M i s s in g .

15
th 12 5 St e e l , G a ug e D ,
2n d
l 6 th 1
B ra s s D 3rd
5
, ,

2 8t h 31
2 9t h 3 35
0 4t h
3 4t h 415
At t h e sa l e i n M a r ch 1900 of t h e a n tiquiti e s which h a d b e lon g e d to
, ,

t h e l a t e D r F ra s e r wh a t w as s t a t e d to b e a s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu ry I r i s h
.
,

p e a s a n t s Ha r p of c a r v e d a n d p a i n t e d wood w a s di s po s e d of Th e
’

, ,
.

pu r ch a s e r of t h e Ha r p h as i n fo rm e d t h e w r ite r th a t it h a s tw e n ty s i x -

s t r i n g—hol e s a n d tw e n ty s i x hol e s for tu n i n g p e gs Th e box i s buil t up

- -
.

or co n s truct e d of s e v e ra l pi e c e s Th e for e pi ll a r i s cu r v e d but h a s n o .

-
,

T for m a tio n Th e d a t e a s c r ib e d i s n ot lik e ly to b e corr e ct Thi s Har p

. .

w a s d e s cr ib e d a n d a n illu s tr a tio n e xhibit e d a t a m e e ti n g of t h e R oy a l

, ,

Ir i s h Ac a de m y i n M a y 18 7 9 .

M I SSI N G SP E C I M ENS
P e t ri e t e ll s u s th a t for m a n y y e ar s an a ge d ha r p e r p e r iodic a lly
Dr .

vi s ite d Ca s tl e B e ll e w Cou n ty G a lw a y a n d th a t M r a n d M r s B e ll e w
, ,
. .

we r e s tr uck by t h e v e ry a n ci e n t a pp e a ra n c e of h i s Ha rp I t w as s m a l l .

a n d s i m ply o rn a m e n t e d a n d h a d a tt a ch e d to t h e fr o n t of t h e fo r e pill a r
,
-

a b r ass pl a t e on which w as e n g r a v e d t h e n a m e of t h e m a k e r a n d t h e
,

d a te 1509 Th e ha r p e r h a d a lwa ys d e cl a r e d hi s i n te n tion of b e qu e a thi n g

.

h i s Har p to h i s e n t e r t a i n e r s but a s u m m e r c a m e du r i n g whi ch h e fa il e d

to a pp e a r h i s Har p w as n ot fo r wa r d e d to h i s fr i e n d s a n d w a s n e v er
, ,

h e a r d of a ga i n I f M r B e ll e w s s t a t e m e n t r e g a r din g t h e d a te i s cor r e ct
. .
’ 1
,

thi s Ha r p w a s of i m po r ta n c e a s a li n k ; for b e tw e e n t h e Tr i n ity Col l e ge

Ha r p an d t h e D al w a y w e ha v e n o s p e cim e n a n d do n ot k n ow wh a t ,

cha n g e th e r e m a y ha v e b e e n i n t h e fo r m of t h e i n s tr u m e n t dur i n g u p
wa r d s of two c e n tu r i e s P e r ha p s thi s a n ci e n t Ha r p m ay b e hid a wa y i n
.

s o m e lu m b e r r oo m of a cou n t r y hou s e a n d m a y y e t b e br ought to light

- -
,
.

1 d t i p b bly i c ct S pp
Th e a e s ro a n or r e u os i ng i t t i g Th m ll H p lth gh th
s r n s di g e s a ar s, a ou e s ou n n

t h v b l w y t g d pl y d p b d h v b c m c v d pp t h v
. .

o a e een a a s s ru n an a e u on , tw o oa r s a e e o e ur e a ea r o a e

d d d fifty th h d d y ld w i th t d t h t i b tt th th l g
,

hun re an or ree un re e ars w ou s oo e e n s on e er an e ar er

be al g ti m f t h
on di g b
e d for e s ou n n - oa r o a wi i
re t m t ns ru en s.

t g H p t w i th t d t h t w
s ru n ar o s an e en s n of th e
110 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

M A G E NNI S HA RP

A n oth e r Ha rp which h a d be e n m a de for Ca pta i n Ar t M a g e n n i s of

, ,

t h e Cou n ty Dow n a bout 17 2 5 D r P e tr i e (who h a d s e e n a n d e x a m i n e d

, , .

it ) s ta t e s t o ha v e b ee n of m od e ra te s iz e a bout fou r fe e t i n he ight an d , ,

a s i n gul a r ly b e a utiful i n s t r u m e n t d e cor a t e d i n a s tyl e which w e r e it n ot , ,

for t h e i n s c r iptio n a tta ch e d to it m ight b e s uppo s e d t o b e lo n g t o a n ,

e a r li e r p e r iod Th e i n s criptio n w as i n t h e I ri s h l a n gu a g e a n d cha ra ct e r s

.
,

w ritt e n upo n p ar ch m e n t a n d pl a c e d u n d e r gl a s s upo n th e sou n di n g

, ,

bo ard D r P e tr i e e n de a vou r e d to tra ce thi s Ha r p but fa il e d t o do s o

. .
1
, .

HA R P BY J O HN K E L L Y
Th e Ha rp i llu s tr a t e d i n W a lk e r s I r i s h B a r d s an d i n corre ctly ’

r e produc e d i n L e d w i c h s A n tiquiti e s of I r e l a n d w a s fi v e fe e t i n h e ight ;

’
,

h a d thi rty th r e e str i n gs an d w a s s uppo s e d to h a v e b e e n m a d e of r e d s a l

-
,

low Th e e n gr a vi n g r e p r e s e n ts a ha r p with s i x .

s ou n d hol e s Th e sou n di n g boa r d t e rm i n a te s i n -

.
-

s e mi ci r cul a r curv e s on e ith e r s id e of t h e

p roj e c t
i n g block Th e fo r e pill a r which i s cur v e d .
-
, ,

h a s foli a c e ous d e co ra tion an d i s surm oun t e d ,

by a c a r v e d h e a d with flowi n g ha i r a n d b e ar d .

Foli a c e ou s de cor a tion s i m il a r t o tha t upon t h e

for e pill a r a pp e ar s upon t h e ha rm o n ic cu r v e -
.

F r om a n i n s c r iptio n upo n t h e Ha r p w e l e a r n
“
th a t it w a s m a d e by Joh n K e lly i n
Th e dra wi n g fr om which th e e n g ra vi n g w a s
m a d e w a s by Willia m O usl e y Esq of , ,

L i m e r ick ; a n d th e Har p i n W a l ke r s time ’

(17 8 6 ) w a s i n th e pos s e s s io n of M r Jon a tha n .

He hir of th a t city 2
P e tr i e w a s u n a bl e t o .

s ta t e w h o th e poss e s s or of thi s i n s t r u
m e n t w a s wh e n h e p r e p a re d h i s n otic e s of
I r i s h Ha r p s a n d n oth in g i s k n own by t h e wr it e r con ce r n i n g it
, .

1 ct l i ii p 2 96
O ’C u rry ’s L e N h wh h d p d c
u re s , vo d h i m i 17 13 —Ul t
. . . ear t e o a re e e as e n s er

l d ch ch f C l d fi C ty D w th i J l f A ch l gy J y 190 1 p 6 3
. ,

'

o ur o on u ou n o n e re s ou r n a o r aeo o an u ar

m t l t w i th m m y f W lk I i h B d ddi ti l t pp
, , .
, , .

2 ’
a m on u en a m i s on e , ar s, n e or o a er s r s ar s, a on a n o es,

C pt i A th M g i f C b h w h d i d i P t i L ct
.

’
1 16 3 i O C ’
a a n r ur a en s o a
y ra l i ii
o e n - . e r e n u rr s e u re s , vo

wif C th i M g i li H ll p 2 95
, . .

17 3 7 d h , an is e, a er n a en s, a as a , . .
112 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

is s o, a Ha rp would h a v e b e e n r e qui re d which m ay a ccou n t for

n ew ,

O Ne ill b e i n g r e p r e s e n t e d a s pl a yi n g upo n wh a t m u s t h a v e b ee n a
’

co m p ar a tive ly m od e r n i n s tru m e n t A s m a ll a n d r e ve r s e d e n gra vi n g

.

of O Ne i l l m ay b e s e e n i n Bu n ti n g s coll e ction of 1840 but for s o m e

’ ’

u n kn ow n r e a son t h e e n gra v e r r e p r e s e n t e d a ki n d of co m posi te Ha r p ,

t h e j u n ctio n of t h e fo r e pill a r an d h a r m o n ic cu r v e b e i n g of t h e a n ci e n t
-

for m a n d th a t of t h e fore pill a r a n d box b e i n g m od e rn

,
-
.

I n t h e Ul s t e r Jou r n a l o f Arch ae ology for J a n u a r y 190 1 th e r e i s a n

e tchi n g r e p r e s e n tin g A r thu r O N e ill pl a yi n g upo n a Ha r p Thi s illu s
’
.

t rat i on h a s b e e n r e p r oduc e d i n t h e I r i s h R o s a r y for Ju n e 190 1 a n d ,

t h e w r ite r thi n ks it d e s i ra bl e th a t it s hould b e n otic e d .

Th e e tch e r s r e p r e s e n t a tio n of t h e h a r p e r is good but it i s n ot s ta te d

’

wha t e n g ra vi n g h e h a d b e for e hi m wh e n t h e pl a t e w a s e x e cute d I t .

m ay how e v e r h e re m a r k e d th a t t h e il lu s tr a tio n i s pr e s u m a bly a copy

, ,

of a copy an d t h e e tch e r m a
, y n ot b e r e s po n s ibl e for c e rta in e rr o r s which
a pp e a r upo n th a t portio n of t h e pl a t e wh e r e t h e Ha r p is r e pr e s e n t e d It .

m ay a l s o b e n otic e d th a t t h e Ha r p a t t h e p e r iod h a d usu a lly thir ty s trin gs ,

a n d A r thu r O Ne i l l i s n ot lik e ly to h a v e poss e s s e d a n i n st r u m e n t with

’

o n ly tw e n ty s i x s tri n gs a lso th a t h e could n ot h a v e pl a y e d upon a Ha r p

-
,

with tw e n ty s i x stra i n e d s tr i n gs a n d on ly tw e n ty fi ve tu n i n g p e gs Th e
- - -
.

e tchi n g shows n o wood e n or m e ta l stri n g — b an d upon t h e s ou n di n g boa r d -

,

“ ”
an d n o sho e s of t h e str i n gs a r e i n dica t e d ; fu r th er t h e m e t a l h an d
,

th r ough which t h e tu n i n g p e gs p a s s i s n ot lik e ly to b e corr e ctly r e p r e

-

s e n t e d a t t h e b as s t e r m i n a tio n I t may a l s o b e r e m a r k e d th a t if t h e
.

li n e of t h e b a ck of t h e Ha rp a n d th a t of t h e r ight sid e of t h e sou n di n g

boa rd ar e co n ti n u e d t h e box of t h e Har p will b e fou n d to h a v e a m o s t
u n u s u a l d e pth a t t h e low e r t e r m i n a tion .

I t m us t b e u n d e r stood th a t w h en t h e w r ite r poi n ts ou t wha t a pp e ar

t o h i m to b e d e fe ct s tha t th e s e m ay h a v e b e e n r e p r e s e n t e d upo n t h e
,

ill u s tr a tio n t h e e tch e r h a d b e for e h i m a n d h a v e b e e n fa ithfully copi e d by

h i m but wh e n n otici n g an i llu s t ra tio n of a Ha r p which as fa r a s w e k n ow
,

is n ot e xta n t it i s d e s ira bl e tha t such po r tio n s of t h e wor k a s a r e

,

a pp a r e n tly i n a ccu r a t e s hould b e poi n t e d out Th e d ra wi n g of t h e s m a ll

.

outli n e e n g r a vi n g (r e p r oduc e d ) i s fa i r ly good Th e sta t e m e n t th a t t h e

.

Har p i n th e B e lfa st M u s e um b e lo n ge d t o A rthur O Ne ill h a s a l re ad y ’

b e e n n otic e d pp 8 6 8 8 a n d it i s u n n e c e ss ar y to r e fe r to it h e r e
, .
-
,
.
 THE I R I S H HA R P 113

A r thu r O Ne i l l w a s born a t D r u m n a s l a d n e ar Du n ga n n on i n t h e
’

Coun ty of Ty r on e i n 17 3 4 He lo s t his s ight by an a ccid e n t wh e n two .

y e a r s of a g e a n d s tudi e d u n d e r O w e n K e e n a n a h a r p e r of n ot e a n d
, , ,

a l s o u n d e r hi s di s ti n gui s h e d n a m e s a k e Hugh O Ne i l l At t h e ag e of ,
’
.

fifte e n h e b e ga n to pl a y a s a p r ofe s s ion a l an d wh e n n i n e t e e n h e h ad ,

t r a v e ll e d th r ough t h e fou r p r ovi n c e s an d m a d e t h e a cqu a i n t an c e of

t h e chi e f fa m ili e s of I r i s h a n d E n gli s h d e s c e n t Upo n t h e e s ta bli s hm e n t .

of th e B e lfas t Har p Soci e ty i n 18 0 7 h e w a s u n an i m ou s ly e l e ct e d a s t h e

r e s id e n t m a s t e r Hi s m e m oir s wr itt en by Bu n ti n g fr om dict a tion w e r e
.
, ,

l a rg e ly u s e d by th a t w r it e r but a r e n ot kn own to b e e xtan t O Nei ll , .

’

w a s p r oud of his d e s c e n t a n d h a d t h e r ight h a n d t h e c r e s t of h i s cl a n

, , ,

e n gra ve d upon h i s coa t button s Ha r dim a n s ta t e s th a t h e a lw ay s .

e xp e ct e d a n d r e c e iv e d a n e xt ra o r di n a r y d e gr e e of a tt e n tio n on a ccou n t of

t h e a n tiquity a n d r e s p e ct a bi lity of hi s t r ib e He g e n e ra lly s at a t ta bl e .

with t h e g en tl e m en h e vi s it e d a n d o n c e a t a public di n n e r a t B e lfa s t ,

wh e n L or d p r e s id e d h i s lo r d s hip m a d e a ki n d of a pology to O Ne i ll
,
’

a n d e xp r e s s e d r e gr e t a t h i s b e i n g s e a t e d s o low a t t h e bo ar d O h my .

” “
lo r d a n s w e r e d t h e h a r p e r a pology i s quit e u n n e c e s s a ry for wh e r e v e r
, , ,

a n O Ne i ll s it s th e r e i s t h e h e a d of t h e t a bl e
’ ” 1
.
,

Aft e r t h e coll a p s e of t h e Ha r p Soci e ty O Ne il l r e ti r e d to h i s n a tiv e ,

’

cou n try an d di e d a t M ay dow n i n t h e Cou n ty of Ar m agh l a t e i n O ctobe r

,
2

or e a r ly i n Nov e m b e r 18 16 A n oti ce i n t h e B e lfa s t Ne w s —L e tte r s ta t e s

.

tha t h e w a s n i n e ty y e a r s of ag e a l s o tha t h i s p e r fo r m an c e upon t h e Har p

“
,

w a s u n r iv a ll e d a n d th a t b e a dh e r e d t e n a ciou s ly to t h e g e n ui n e s tyl e an d
,

s i m pl e t a s t e of t h e I r i s h m u s ic a l co m po s itio n s r ej e cti n g with di s d a i n t h e ,

”
corr upt orn am e n t with which it h as b e e n loa d e d by m od e rn p e r fo rm er s .

O Ne i l l w a s bu r i e d a t Egli s h n e ar Du n g a n n o n but th e r e i s n o s to n e to
’
,

3
m a r k t h e s pot .

CA STL E CAL D WE L L HAR P

Du r i n g O ctob e r 18 3 4 D r . O D on ova n
’
vi s ite d Ca s tl e Ca ldw e ll F e r ,

m an a g h wh e r e h e e xam i n e d
, an d p r e p ar e d a s ho r t Ca t a logu e of t h e
1
I i h Mi t l y
r s t p 412
n s re s f I l
v ol d l i i p 459 h i ch w m t p b bly
ii n o e, o r e an vo w as os ro a

ti g c ll 18 40
.

t k f m t h B lf t N w L tt B ti g
.
, . .
, . . .
,

2 Bun n o
’
. a en ro e e as e s- e er un n s

Ul t J l f A ch l g y J y 190 1 t t m t th t h d d i 18 18 i v d tly i
, . .

3 s er ou rn a o r ae o o a n u ar s a e en a e ie n s e i en n

ti c l pp i R ch d Ry W thi c ct —C ll 18 40 pp 8 0 8 1
, .

A
’
no e a so a ears n i ar an s or es orre . o .
, .
, .

P
114 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

Ir ish A n tiquiti e s th e n i n t h e M us e u m
this ca ta logu e u n d e r t h e . In ,

h e a din g No 4 w e fi n d Th e Har p of a n old m i n s t r e l of t h e n am e of

.
“
, ,

O Ne i ll fa m ou s i n Ul s t e r b e for e t h e ti m e of C a r ol a n it is 4fe e t 5i n ch e s
’

” 1
high an d of a ve r y gra c e ful s h a p e it h a d 3 2 s tri n gs
,
.

We n e xt h e ar of thi s Ha r p i n 18 52 wh e n it a n d oth er obj e cts of ,

i n te r e s t w e r e e xhibit e d by J C Bloom fi e ld E s q of C a s tl e C a ldw e ll an d . .

, , ,

for m e d p a r t of t h e l a r g e a n d i m po rt an t coll e ctio n of a n tiquiti e s which

w e r e on vi e w i n B e lfa st du r i n g t h e a utu m n of th a t y e ar ; a n d i n t h e
D e s cr iptiv e Ca ta logu e p 44 it i s n otic e d a s t h e Har p of t h e O Ne ill s ,
.
,
’
.
” 2

Th e wr it e r h a s e n d e a voure d to tr a c e thi s Ha r p but w i thout s ucc e s s ,

.

Th e Ca s tl e C a ldwe ll coll e ction of a n tiquiti e s w a s di s po s e d of m an y

y e a r s s i n c e a n d t h e Ha r p m a y h a v e b ee n p ar t e d with a t t h e s a m e ti m e
,
3
.

Thi s t e r m i n a t e s t h e li s t a s far a s t h e w r ite r is a w a r e of s uch Ha r p s , ,

a s a r e k n ow n t o b e p r e s e r v e d or a r e m i ss i n g I t i s s i n gula rly m e a gr e . .

Th e lo s s of a ll but thr e e of t h e s pl e n didly d e cor a te d i n str u m e n ts

co n s tr uct e d du r i n g t h e e ar ly po r tion of t h e s e v e n t e e n th c e n tu r y or p r ior
to tha t p e r iod m ay to a l a rg e e xte n t h a v e b e e n c a u s e d by ban ds of
b ar b ar ou s m a r a ud e r s who D r L y n ch t e ll s u s i n m a n y pl a c e s v en te d
4
,
.
,

th e i r v an d a l fu r y on e v e r y h a r p which th e y m e t with a n d br ok e it t o
pi e c e s— but l a te r on h ar p s we r e a g a i n m a d e an d w e r e n u m e r ous for w e ,

k n ow fr o m He m p s on th a t a t t h e comm e n c e m e n t of t h e e ight e e n th c en tury

w o m en a s w e ll a s m e n w e r e t a ught t h e I r i s h Ha r p i n t h e b e s t fa m ili e s ,

a n d e v e r y old I r i s h fa m i ly h a d h a r p s i n pl e n ty
5
Al s o fr om O Ha ll ora n .
” ’

“
th a t i n e v e ry hou s e w as on e or two h a r p s fr e e t o t r a v e ll e r s who w e r e , ,

”
t h e m o r e c a r e s s e d t h e m or e th e y e xc e ll e d i n m u s ic Cr ofton C r ok e r .

s t a t e s th a t duri n g t h e s a m e p e r iod a l m ost e v e r y on e pl a y e d on t h e I rish

Har p th a t i s t h e a ccom pli s h m e n t w a s a s co mm o n a s pi a n ofor t e pl a yi n g

, ,

du r i n g t h e e ar ly po r tion of t h e followi n g c e n tu r y .
6

1 O d c S v y M SS f I l d F
r n an e ur l t M J C B l mfi ld c ll ct t h H p
e . o re an . er a e r . oo e re o e e ar as

g h L tt R y l I i h Ac d my L b y p t f t h C tl C ld w ll c ll cti b t d t
. .

man a e ers , o a r s a e i ra r ar o e as e a e o e on u o no

cl th t thi i t th O N i l l H p k w i t p v i h i t y Th c ll cti pp
.
,
’
2 It i s ear a s s no e e ar no s re ou s s or e o e on a e ars

p p ty f t h R y l I i h A c d m y t h v b
,

m v d t D bl i wh
.

no w th e ro er o e it w
o a r s a e o a e e en re o e o u n e re as

l dy t c d ( p th t H p p t f p b bly d i p d i C m m i c t d by H gh
, ,

-
a re a no i e se e as a ar ar o ro a s os e o o un a e u

M j C ll ct i w di p d f i 1841 A ll i gh m E q f B lly h
. .
,

a or Si rr s
’
o e on , as s os e o n . n a s o a s a n n on

C m m i c t d by Th m P l k tt E q f
, , .

Wh m D L y ch d it pp h v
3 o
o un a e
t
as un e s o 4 ’

i k i ll Pl k tt V i t d th l t M b C m ll ld i
, .
, o r . n s e or s u os e s o a e
E nn s M en r un e i s e e a e r
we
’

B l m fi ld v l cc i b t v h d 5 B t g c ll 1 40 p 4
. . .
ee n ro s so ers .
oo e on se e ra o a s on s , u ne er e ar

hi m m ti t h H p f t h O N l l
en on Th e
8
ar
7 o e
’
ei s
”
e
un in , o .
, . .

w it d t d th t t h l t i v f th
.

r er u n e rs an K y P t l p 16
s a e n ear re a es o e
6 e rr a s ora , . .
 Ca a t l ogu e u n d e r
,
th e

s
g .

an oth e r obj e c ts o f
d
'

f C as tl e Ca ldw e ll and
i
,

of a n tiquiti e s whi ch

ha t y ea r ; a n d i n t h e

bu t w it ho ut s ucc e ss .

3
M th e sa me ti m e .
116 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

o r igi n a l w a s e n g r a v e d i n 18 2 2 by Joh n M a r tyn an d a g a i n a bout 18 3 0 by

,

J R og e r s In 18 40 Bun ti n g publ i s h e d a v e ry s m a ll wood e n gr a vi n g

. .

which h e s ta te d w a s fr om t h e o r igi n a l pictu r e All th e se e n gr a vi n gs .

s how a po r tio n of C a r ol a n s Ha r p Th e or igi n a l a rti s t w a s p r ob a bly n ot

’
.

fa m ili a r w ith t h e I r i s h Ha r p a n d e ith e r h e or t h e copyist blu n d e r e d an d

, ,

it a pp e a r s tha t e ithe r on e or oth e r of t h e e n gr a v e r s blu n d e r e d a l s o Th a t .

b e i n g so it is di ff i cult to a rr iv e a t a s a ti s fa cto ry co n clu s ion a s to th e

,

co n s t r uction of t h e i n s tr u m e n t Th e th re e e n g ra vi n g s r e p r e s e n t t h e
.

s t r i n gs as th e y c e r ta i n ly could n ot h a v e be e n upon t h e Ha r p a n d ,

t h e e n g r a vi n g s d iffe r as to t h e n u m b e r of t h e s t r i n g s Th e t w o l arg e .

e n g r a vi n g s s how t h e s a m e fo r m of box wh i l e upo n t h e woodcut m uch ,

m o r e of t h e sou n di n g bo a r d i s vi s ibl e At fir s t s ight t h e b ox would a pp e a r

-
.

t o h a v e b e e n co n s truct e d of s e v e r a l pi e c e s but as t h e Ha r p w as prob a bly ,

t h e on e Ca r ol an po s s e s s e d i n 16 91 w h e n h e b e g a n t o vi s it cou n t r y
hous e s it m a y n ot h a v e b e e n so fo r m e d Th e Ha r p a l r e a dy n otic e d as
, .

n u m b e r 2 i n t h e coll e ctio n of t h e Roy a l I r i s h Ac a d e m y h as t h e h ar m o n ic

cur v e s un k i n t h e c e n tr e of th e upp e r por tion of t h e b ox an d th e ,

Bu n w or th Ha rp i s co n s t r uct e d i n a s i m il a r m an n e r s o t h e a r ti s t m ay ,

ha ve m e an t to r e p r e s e n t thi s p e culi a r ity 1

Th e Bu n w or t h in s tr u m e n t .

h a s t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e s p r i n gi n g fr om t h e box a t a l m o s t a r ight a n gl e ,

a n d it co n ti n u e s a s a s t r a ight li n e f or s o m e di s t a n c e Thi s p e culi a r ity .

i s v e ry di s ti n ctly r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h e l ar g e e n g ra vi n g s of C a r ol an .

Both W a lk e r a n d Bu n ti n g sta t e th a t Ca r ol an w as n ot a r e m a r k a bl e
Har p pl ay e r Thi s i s n ot s ur p r is i n g a s w e l e a rn fr o m Ha r dim an th a t
.
,

h e did n ot b e gi n to pl a y t h e i n s t r u m e n t u n ti l h e w as s e v e n te e n ; but
2
a lthough n ot a n ot e d p e r fo r m e r h e w a s n ot o n ly a di s ti n gui s h e d
,

co mpo s e r but a po e t an d s i n g e r of s om e n ote M an y of his s on gs a n d

, .
,

a l s o t h e m e lodi e s h e co m po s e d a n d to which th e y w e re su n g h a v e b e e n ,

p re s e rve d but n u m b e r s h a v e u n for tun a t e ly b e en lo s t Th a t his m usic

,
.

w a s e xtr e m e ly popul ar du r i n g t h e e ight e e n th c e n tu r y i s u n doubt e d .

O n e h ar p e r who p e r fo r m e d a t B e lfa s t i n 17 92 a n d h a d n e v e r b e e n i n h i s
com p an y or b e e n t a ught by a n y on e w h o h a d h a d an Oppor tun i ty of
,

i m it a ti n g h i m h a d a cquir e d upw a rds of on e hu n d r e d of h i s m elodi e s

, ,

which h e th e n a s s e r t e d co n s titut e d a n i n con s id e ra bl e portion of th e m .

3

1 Se e l
a so th e h K lly H p (p
J o n e ar 3 t
Bu n i n g , c ll
o 17 96 , p 3
lk A pp d i p 69
. . .

2
Wa e r, en x, . .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 117

B u n ti n g s t a t e s tha t C a r ol an did n ot t e a ch t h e Ha r p to a n y on e e xc e pt
h i s s on who h a d n o m u s ic a l g e n iu s a n d th a t a s fa r a s w a s k n ow n n o n e
, , , ,

of h i s com po s itio n s w e r e com m itt e d to w r iti n g u n til s e v e r a l y e a r s a ft e r

h i s d e a th a n d it a pp e a r e d po s s ibl e th a t n i n e t e n th s of t h e whol e h a d
,
-

l
be e n i rr e p a r a bly lo s t ?
Thu r lough O C a r ol a n w a s bo r n a t Nobb e r W e s tm e a th i n 16 7 0 an d
’

, , ,

di e d a t Ald e r fo r d Hou s e R o s co m m o n on t h e 2 5th M ar ch 17 3 8 Th e , , .

w a k e which l a st e d for fou r d ays w a s a tt e n d e d by a n i mm e n s e co n cou r s e

, ,

of p e opl e a n d t h e Ha r p which w a s i n ge n e ra l u s e a t t h e p er iod w a s

, , ,

” 2
h e ar d i n e v e y di e ctio
r r n C ol
a r a n
t
h e l a s t co m po s e r who wrot e for .

t h e I r i s h Ha r p w a s i n t e r r e d n e ar t h e chu r ch of Kil r o n a n
, All th a t i s .

k n own a bout hi m h as b e e n n otic e d by W a lk e r B u n ti n g Ha r di m an a n d , , ,

Con r an s o it i s u n n e c e s s a r y to r e p e a t t h e s ta te m e n t s m a d e by th e s e
,

w r it e r s .

I n 17 8 4 it w a s p r opo s e d th a t a co n c e r t s hould b e h e ld i n t h e
Rotu n d a Dub l i n i n co mm e m o ra tion of C a r ol a n a n d a lthough
3
, , th e ,

s ugg e s tio n w a s n ot th e n follow e d up a m u s ic a l co m m e m o ra tio n w a s h e ld ,

i n t h e Rotun d a i n 1809 wh e n t h e prog ra m m e m a i n ly co n s i s t e d of t h e ,

mi n s t r e l s m o s t popul a r pi e c e s a n d s o m a n y w e re d e s i r ou s of b e i n g
’

p r e s e n t th a t it w a s fou n d n e c e s s ar y t o r e p e a t t h e co n c e rt withi n th e
,

we e k 4
C ar ol a n i s s t a t e d to ha v e h a d on e s on w h o t a ught t h e I ri s h
.
,

Ha r p i n L on don a n d who b e fo r e h i s d e p a r tu r e publi s he d by s u b s c ri p

, , ,

tion i n 17 47 a coll e ctio n of h i s fa th e r s m e lodi e s o m itti n g s om e of th e ’

b e s t pi e ce s Thi s coll e ction without t h e p r e fa c e w a s r e publi s h e d by

.

5
Joh n L e e i n 17 8 0 a n d a n oth e r e ditio n but n ot fr o m t h e s a m e pl a te s , ,

w a s publ i s h e d by Hu m e 3 4 Co l l e g e Gr e e n a bout 18 10 a n d a fou r th , , ,

6
M a n y o f C a r ol a n s b e s t pi e c e s m a y b e
’
by Br ode r i p an d Wilki n s o n .

fou n d i n An ci e n t M u s ic of I r e l a n d by E dwa r d Bu n ti n g coll s 17 96 , , .

,

di m
1 t t th t h i pp d t h v ft th p i t d d t h
Ha r an s a e s a g gi ed s su ose o a e a er e r es en e i e sa n a a n an

c mp d p d f t w h d d m i c l pi c pl y d p i c w h i ch h d m i t d h R
, ,

o os e u w ar s o o un re us a e es, a e a e e e en o n a e t e esu r

vol i p l i F m W lk w l th t h
v cti Hi roth m f d v ti fi t d h a er e e ar n a e re on s en u s i as o e o on a ec e t e

c mp d v
.

l pi c f c d m i c h i ch h l c g g t W lk App d i p 91
. . . .

”
o os e se e ra e es o s a re us ,
w w o e on re a i on . a e r, en x,

d md c ll t O E t I hM t ly l i p l
. .

w e re ee d y ( y
e ex H di m e en . n as er - a sa s ar an s
’
ri s i ns re s vo xv

) I h d h i m pl y h c m p i ti W lk A pp d i p 6 6
.
, . . .

3
M O C
r.
’
on or ear a is o os on a e r, en x, .

H c ll d t h p i c G l i i E d H di m l i p l vi ii
.

at M as s
”
e a e e e e or a n xo u s
4 ar an vo x

5 W lk App d
. .

g th t hym i I i h v p 98
.
, . .

D d h
e o, a n e san h a n n r s e r se s a s e a er , en i x,

pl y d At t h L d P y h t pp d d C t l g f M ic l L E h b ti
. .

’
a e . e or s 18 99
ra er e s o e ; an a a o ue o us a oa n x i i on , .
118 M U SI CAL I NST R U M E NT S

THE B U NW ORTH C O L L E C TIO N

Th e R e v Cha r l e s . Cou n ty Cor k a n d Re ctor
B u n w or th of B a l t da n i e l , ,

of Butt e va n t who s e Ha r p h a s a l r e a dy b e e n n otic e d w a s m o s t kin d a n d

, ,

ho s pita bl e to t h e h a r p e r s who w e n t t h e r ou n d of cou n tr y hou s e s du r in g

t h e m iddl e of t h e e ight e e n th c e n tu r y O n e by on e th e s e m i n s t r e ls di e d .

off l e a v i n g to th e i r old fr i e n d a n d e n t e r t a i n e r t h e Har p s th e y h a d pl a y e d

,

upon for s o lon g a n d a t t h e ti me of M r B u n w or th s d e a th a bout 17 7 0

,
.
’

the r e w e r e fift e e n of th e s e Ha r p s d e po s it e d i n t h e loft of t h e gr an ar y .

U n fortu n a te ly t h e fa m i ly r e m ov e d to Co r k for a t e m pora r y ch an ge a n d ,

be for e the i r r e tu r n t h e whol e of t h e fifte e n Ha r p s n o doubt m a n y of ,

th e m e xt re m e ly i n t er e s tin g a n d va lu a bl e s p e ci m e n s w e r e br ok e n up for ,

1
fi r e wood by t h e s e r va n t who h a d b e e n l e ft i n ch a rg e of th e house ; so by ,

t h e s tupidity of on e i n dividu a l m o r e g e n ui n e I ri s h Ha r p s w e r e d e s tr oy e d
th a n ar e n ow k n ow n to b e e xt an t ! M r B u n w or t h b e s id e s b e in g a .
,

fi n e p e r fo r m e r upo n t h e Ha r p h a d a n e xte n s iv e k n owl e dg e of Ir i s h m u s ic

,
.

He i s n ot k n own t o ha v e l e ft n ot e s of t h e Ha rp m usic w ith which h e

w a s s o fa m i li a r but if a n y s uch coll e ctio n w a s m a d e by h i m it would
,

be m o s t v a lu a bl e n ow .

THE L IM E R I CK HA R P

On e of va lu a bl e of t h e Ha rp s e xtan t a t th e comm e n c e m e n t
the m os t
of t h e n i n e t e e n th c e n tu r y w as fou n d a bout 18 05i n t h e bog of D r a wlin g
n e a r L i m e r ick upon t h e p r op e r ty of Si r R ich ar d Ha r t e I t w as wh e n
,
.
,

d i scove re d tw e lv e fe e t u n d e r t h e sur fa c e w as m a d e of re d s a ll ow
, , ,

a n d h a d thr e e b ra s s st r i n gs a n d s e v e ra l tu n i n g p e g s a tt a ch e d t o it -
.

I t w a s a bout th ir ty i n ch e s lon g a n d t e n b r o a d a n d w a s total ly diff e re n t ,

i n co n s tructio n fr o m t h e i n s tr u m e n t i n u s e a t t h e co mm e n c e m e n t of t h e
n i n e t e en th c e n tu r y s o it p r ob a bly r e s e m bl e d t h e T r i n i ty Coll e g e Ha r
, p .

F r om Sir Rich a rd Ha rt e it p a s s e d t o D r O Hall or a n on whos e d e ath .

’
,

it w a s th r own i n to a lu m b e r r oom fr om wh e n ce it w as r e m ov e d by -
,

a s e rvan t an d u s e d a s fi r e w ood
2
.

1
Th e Wor th i es of I l d Ch l
re a n ar es R y p an ,
z Bun i n t g c ll a 1809, n o e, t p 26 ; c ll
o 18 40 .
yL g d pp 18 9 t p
. .
, , . .

’
228 C rc k er s F ai r e en s, Ed u . 18 2 8 , .
,
n o e, . 20 .

199 .
120 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E N T S
t bl bas s y ou r me th d f t i g y (by t v d fif th ) i p f tl y t; 1
re e to o o un n our s oc a es a n s s e r ec corr e c

but a c h g fk y
an e o e ,
or h lf t a l y b ff t d by th t i g h mm
on es , ca n on I mm e e ec e e un n -
a er . re e

b er i n th i ig h bs ne our h d fift l di p fi i t
oo ee n th I i h H p ; t w i p ti l
a es ro c e n s on e r s ar o n ar cu ar

e x ce ll d e ,
a M r s Bai . ll y an d a M rs . Herm ar 2
bu t a ll ar e n ow d ea d ; s o i s Rose M oon ey (a
i l
p r ofess on a b ar d ess ), w h o w a s li k wie s e ce e lb td F ra e . an n n i g I k n ew a n d th ou gh t w ell of
,

h i s p er forma n c e
’
.

Th is l e tt er w ou l d b e mos t va l u a b l e h ad O Ne i l m en ti o e d t h e ot e s t o w h i c h h e t un ed ’
n n

t h e th i r t y s i s t i g s an d al so t h e
- x u mb e
r n of s t ee l s t r i g s w h i c h w e re u p on h i s h ar p
,
n r n .

Th e B e l fa s t M u s eu m i s t ru m e n t w h i c h h as th i r t y s i t u n i g p e g s a s a l rea dy s t a t e d w
n ,
-
x n -
, ,
as

a p p ar e n tl y th e p op e t y of E du L i d s e i r r an d c on s e q u e tl y i s n ot l i k e l y t o b e
n n n

t h e i s t ru m e t p oss e ss e d by O Ne i l i n 1806
’
n n .

M U SI C
Th e s c a l e a n d tu n i n g of t h e I r i s h Har p with thi r ty s t r i n g s du r i n g t h e
e ight e e n th c e n tury will b e fou n d upo n p 3 8 fr om which it a pp e ar s th e r e .
,

w a s n o F i n t h e low e r b as s wh e n t h e i n s tr u m e n t w as tu n e d i n t h e

n a tu r a l k e
y c a ll e d L e a th Gl a s s (th e k ey of G) but wh e n t h e i n ,

s t r u m e n t w as to b e tu n e d to t h e F a lli n g s tr i n g or high b a s s k e
y c a ll e d
Te a dl e a g u i dh e (th e k e y of C ) t h e h ar p e r could if t h e m e lody r e quir e d , ,

it tu n e t h e E s tr i n g in t h e low e r ba ss to F t h e s ha r p F s th r oughout t h e
, ,
’

i n s t r u m e n t b e i n g lo w e re d a s e m ito n e I t a pp e a rs fr o m thi s th a t wh en .
,

t h e s h a r p F s w e r e us e d th e r e w a s n o F i n t h e low e r b a s s a n d wh e n t h e
’

, ,

s h a rp F s w e r e low e r e d a s e m ito n e th e r e m ight b e e ith e r E or F i n t h e

’

low e r b a s s but th a t th e s e t w o n ot e s cou ld n ot occu r i n t h e s a m e m e lo dy

, ,

a l s o th a t th e r e could n ot b e an a ccid e n t a l i n e ith e r t r e bl e or b a s s .

Th e w r i t e r h a s e x a m i n e d s e v e ra l coll e ction s of h a r m o n i s e d I r i s h m u s ic ,

a n d i n a ll of th e s e i m po s s ibl e h a r p n ot e s occu r m o r e or l e s s fr e qu en tly As .

4 ’
t h e m e lodi e s i n Bu n ti n g s th r e e coll e ctio n s w e r e to a l a r g e e xt e n t n ot e d
fr om t h e pl ayi n g of h ar p e rs a n d a s th e copy r ight h as e xpi r e d t h e w r ite r , ,

h a s s e l e ct e d fr o m th e m a n d oth e r s so m e s p e ci m e n s for illus t ra tio n fr o m ,

which a fe w i m pos s ibl e n ot e s h a v e b e e n om itt e d Th e s e m e lodi e s a s .

,

har m o n ise d m ay n ot b e tru e t o the i r s c al e s but a s re p r oduc e d th e y

, ,

could b e pl a y e d upon t h e wir e s tr u n g I r i s h Ha r p with thi r ty str in gs -

,

an d th a t i s of t h e fir s t i m po r t a n c e .

1 ph
Th e Ha rf d t w p ch d by L dy M g g d m th M M Ow
e r e r e e rr e o as ur as e
2 a or an s
’
ran o e r, rs . ac en

M i Ow ss f m E g i 18 05 Sh p f m d (O w
e n s on ro) h m id an m w Syd y
n e e r or e e n s on w os e a en na e as ne

p i t i L dy C k d w i g m i 1806 C ft B ll l tdp f m w k w
.
,
’
u on n a or s ra n -
r oo n . ro on e a so a n o e e r or er , as no n

p b bly t g w i th g t d i g th V ll Th H p f th V ll y
,

”
It w as ro a Cl gh s run u as ur n e as asa na a a, e ar o e a e

l tt y h w t t W lk
,

S pp 8 7 8 8 111 112
.

d O N il f 3
’
a er e ar s e ro e o a er an e or ee

i f m t g di g th t g i t
,

t g C ll I pp d i 17 96 C ll I I
.
, , .

n or wi
a i on B
re ar n e re - s r u n n s ru 4 un in
’
s o a e a re n o

m t d C ll II I i 18 40
. .
, .

en . i 18 09 n , an o . . n .
 THE I R I S H HA R P

F EA G HA N G E L E A SH _ or TR Y I F I T IS IN TUN E .

An an ci t P l d
en re u e for th e Ha r p , as p e rforme d by H mp e so n —See p .
91
.

M ae l 10 0 P en : 12 I n c he s . HU NTI NG , COL L . 111 .

M ae l 96 Pen : 14 I n c h e s . V er y An c ien t .

Th e Ai r r e p e ate d t o e a c h St an za of th e P o e m ,

Q
12 2 M U SI CAL I NST R U M E NTS

ON FOR THE HARP

A L ESS . G
BU NTIN , COL L . II

G
AL L E R0 .
12 4 M U SI C A L I NS TR U M E NT S

SC OTTS L AM ENTATION
’
.

c omp os nn m 1599
.

AS P E RFO R M E D B Y HEM PSO N WITH THE

, ANCIE NT G RAC ES
,
. G
ETC BUNTIN , C OL L .

M ari i = 12 0 5
r
°
_ en 18 i n

IN AN

ANI M ATED ST L E
. Y .
 THE I R I SH HA R P 12 5

THE YOU NG M ANS DREAM

'
. HUNTING , CO L L . i .

V ERY SL O W .

V
THE CA AL C AD E OF THE OY NE
B . BUNTIN G , CO L L . II .

M AESTOSO .
12 6 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

THE DAWNING O F THE D AY . BUNTIN G . COL L 11

.

A ND ANI E
’ ‘

SOSI ENUTO
‘
.

THE OL D TRUAG H . a m mo . CO L L . i .

t ' |
,

V ERY SL O W .
12 8 M U SI C A L I NSTR U M E NT S

THE Y EL L O W BL ANKET BU NTIN G , C OL L . III

.

I O B FM
‘
O la k e

L ITTL E M OL L Y O
’
. G
BU NTIN , CO L L . II I.

Mu i f oo
r
z

Di s r i Nc rL Y .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 12 9

THE O
B L AC K R SEB UD BU NI I NG , C OL L
'‘
III .

RA THER SL O W .

M OL L Y MY TREASURE BUNTIN G , COL L . I II .

A u di
t = 12 0 _ J "c n

RATHER

SL O W, BU T L IV EL Y
13 0 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NTS

THE G RO VES OF BL ARNE Y .

‘
HOL DEN , BO OK I

SL O W .

ad li b
.

THE WREN . BUNTIN G . CO L L . 11 .

132 M U SI C A L I N S TR U M E NT S
NEW L ANG OL EE . SURE NNE

M ISS M OL L Y . SURENNE
.

M O DERATO .
 THE I R I S H HA R P 13 3

M OL L Y M AC AL P I N
. G
B UNTI N , C OL L . I .

M AESTOSO .

AIL EEN AR OON . SURE NNE

13 4 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

Y O WL AN
KITT N . BUNTI N G , COL L . III
.

M 16 m .

I N M OD ER ATE TM E
.

N ORA M Y THOU SAND TREASU RES. HU NTI NG , COL L . II I

10 0 12 m .
136 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

O
C AR L ANS C
’
ONCERTO .
G
B UNTIN , CO L L . I .

AL L E G RO .
 THE I R I S H HA R P

SU P P L E M E NT A L
TO F AC E P A GE 136

B Y R NE , A N I R ISH HA RP E R

D U R I NG t h e e ar ly fo r ti e s O f t h e n i n e t e e n th c e n tu r y t w o E di n bu rgh
a r ti s t s,
M e s s rs D O Hill a n d R ob e r t Ad a m s o n p r oduc e d fr o m w a x e d
. . .
,

p a p e r n e ga tiv e s a n u m b e r O f po r tr a it s by wh a t w a s th e n k n ow n a s t h e
c alotyp e p r oc e s s A bli n d I r i s h h a r p e r who h a d f or a co n s id e r a bl e
”
.

p e r iod pl ay e d a t E di n bu r gh a n d th r oughout Fife w a s on e of t h e s itt e rs .

Thi s h a r p e r s n a m e w a s By rn e a n d a t t h e ti m e h i s por tr a its w e r e ta k e n

’

, ,

18 43 or 18 44 h e w a s a bout s ixty y e a r s of a g e
,
A n u m b e r of n e ga tiv e s .

of By r n e a r e i n t h e po s s e s s io n of M r A n d r e w E ll iot O f P r i n c e s Str e e t .
,

E di n bu r gh a n d with h i s ki n d p e rm i s s io n on e O f th e m h a s b e e n p r i n t e d
“

by t h e collotyp e p r oc e s s B u n ti n g s thi r d coll e ction a pp e a r e d i n 18 40

’
.
,

a n d if t h e r e a d e r tu r n s to p 7 7 of th a t wo r k h e will fi n d a d e s c r iptio n
.

of t h e d r e s s a n d co n ic a l c ap u s e d by a h a r p e r a bout 17 50 Thi s p e r ha p s .

s ugg e s t e d t h e pu r e ly fa n cy d re s s By r n e i s r e p r e s e n t e d a s w e a r i n g Th e .

s lightly co n ic a l h e a d d r e s s which a pp e a r s upo n t h e g r ou n d on s o m e O f

-
,

t h e n e g a tiv e s m a y b e a m e di ae v a l h e a d —
,
pi e c e A n u m b e r o f ivy l e a v e s .

a r e upo n t h e h a r p e r s h e a d B e s id e s po r t ra it s of By r n e i n thi s fa n cy
’
.

dr e s s th e r e a r e oth e rs i n a s w a llow—t a il e d e v e n i n g co a t a n d t r ou s e r s
,
.

Th e h a r p i s of t h e s a m e fo r m a s th a t s uppli e d by J E g a n to t h e .

B elfa s t I ri s h Ha r p Soci e ty r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h e F r o n ti s pi e c e but t h e or n a

, ,

m e n t a tio n i s m uch s up e r io r Upo n t h e upp e r po r tio n O f t h e fo r e pill a r

.
-

a n d a l s o upo n t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e Sh a m r ock s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d a n d th e r e ,

i s a n e xc e ll e n t s c r oll d e s ign with s h a m r ock s upo n e ith e r s id e of t h e

s ou n di n g bo a r d
-
Th e r e a r e thi r ty s e v e n tu n i n g p e g s but o n ly thi r ty t w o
.
- -
,
-

s tr in gs s o fi v e tu n i n g —
, p e g s i n th e tr e bl e a r e without s tr i n g s If t h e .

r e a d e r tu r n s to p 52 n ot e 3 h e will fi n d t h e s uppo s e d tun i n g O f E g an s

.
, ,
’

ha r p with thi r ty s e v e n s tr in gs Th e a b s e n c e O f fi ve s tr i n g s upon By r n e s

-
.
’

h a r p t e n d s to s ho w th a t t h e tu n i n g th e r e g i v e n i s co rr e ct a s upo n ,

s
 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

’
By r n e s h a r p t h e fi rs t tr e bl e s tr i n g w a s p r ob a bly D t h e highe s t n ote ,

upo n Bun ti n g s s c a l e SO t h e a dditio n a l s tr i n g s i n t h e tr e bl e w e r e di s

’
.

c a r d e d a s th e y w e re p r ob a bly n ot r e qui r e d f or th e m u s ic By rn e pl ay e d
,

whil e t h e two a dditio n a l s tri n g s A a n d B i n t h e b a s s which ar e s how n , ,

’
upon t h e s uppos e d s ca l e w e r e r e t a i n e d ,
.

B e s id e s thr owi n g light upo n t h e tu n i n g of t h e l a r ge I r i s h Ha r p ,

t h e s e por t ra it s of B y r n e a r e of i n t e re s t a s th e y a r e p e r h a p s t h e o n ly ,

s u n pictu re s th a t w e r e t a ke n of a n I r i s h h a r p e r ; but a lthough th e y a r e

a l l di ffe r e n t t h e po s itio n of t h e h a n d s i n e a ch c a s e i s t h e s a m e L e i n
, , .

n o n e of t h e po r tra it s a r e t h e thu m b s e r e ct
2
I f t h e re a d e r e x am in e s .

t h e r e p r e s e n t a tio n s of I r i s h h a r p e r s it will b e s e e n th a t o n ly on e ,

th a t upo n t h e Shr i n e of St M o e doc s how s t h e thu m b i n a n e r e ct .

,

pos itio n So t h e h a r p e r s whe th e r th e y u s e d th e i r n a il s or t h e fl e shy

.
,

por tion s of the i r thu m b s p r oba bly plucke d t h e s tr i n g s wh e n t h e thu m bs ,

w e r e e ith e r s o m e wh a t b en t or i n a m o r e ho r izo n ta l po s itio n th an i s n ow ,

u s u a l I f t h e I r i s h h a r p e r s he ld t h e thu m bs i n a s om e wha t ho r izon ta l

.

pos ition th e y m ay by s o doi n g h a v e to s om e e xt e n t pr e v e n te d t h e

,

j a rr i n g of t h e str i n g s ; s o tho s e who m a y a tt e m pt t o pl a y u pon a wi r e

s t r u n g h a r p would do w e ll to t e s t thi s m a n n e r of pl a yin g b e fo r e a o

qui r i n g a m e thod which a lthough co r re ct wh e n t h e h a r p i s s t r u n g with ,

gut m a y n ot b e d e s i ra bl e upon a wi r e s tr u n g i n s t r u m e n t
,
-
.

Th e w r it e r do e s n ot k n ow of a n y p e r s o n w h o ca n giv e i n form a tio n

r e g a r di n g B y rn e
3
He w a s p r ob a bly bor n a bout 17 8 4 an d if th a t
.

d a t e c a n b e a cc e pt e d h e w ould h a v e be gu n to l e a r n t h e h a rp du r i n g
,

17 94 or 17 96 an d ha ve s t a r t e d as
,
a p r ofe s sio n a l i n 18 03 Wh e n .

t h e s e co n d I r i s h Ha r p Soci e ty w a s i n s titut e d a t B e lfas t i n 18 19 it ,

w a s fou n d th a t th e r e w e r e n o h a r p e r s who h a d n ot b e e n t a ught by

1 It i s p
th e w ri t
th t i t h v t f fi g p t h m t i g b th h t bl
’
er s O i n i on a n e e en o n e rs u on e sa e s r n s in o t e re e
v i v l f th w i t g I i h H p B t i g
,

d th b pp d t i g i c ct ’
a re a o e r e -s If t h
ru n r s ar un n s an e as s. e su os e un n s or r e

t gf h p w i th th i ty t g h ld b h k y i An mi w h i ch lth gh i m p f ct
,
,

un in or a ar r s ri n s s ou e t e e s n or , a ou er e

dh d t ddi ti t t h th i ty t i g p th I i h H p w d by t h h p (
,

a e re d i o an n a on o e r s r n s, u on e r s ar as u se e ar ers s ee

th h ld b th th i t h t bl d t w p
, ,

e re s ou e Th i
re e o h wv m yb
e rs n t t l e re e, an o s, o e e r, a e unin en i on a as

th th b m g t I i h m i c th
.

th ph t g ph B y fig d t
,

o ers i n f e as s h or a on s r s us ere on t e o er o o ra s r ne s
’
n e rs o n o

m y b q it
a e mb u f m l d
e a ch h p p t g p h m i
n u er O t i g t h t bl
e o i e s, su as t e a ear o ras ar on ou s s r n s i n e re e

b t f l L d d y Ai
eau i u on t d d hon d b
e rr r, r e s or e an ar an as s

m i d by D h i ch c ld ly b d v m d t bt i i f m
.

C l wi h 3
o n se r. A
u c w ou on e n en ea ou r was a e o o a n n or a
pl y d p h p i th d di ti l t i g i ti
,

a e u on a ar
g d i g By
w b t h q a i f dd on a s r n s n on re ar n rn e , u t e uer es orw a r e

t h t bl
e re e. h di t f E d i b g h j ld t to t e e or o an n ur ou r n a o no
2O f th ph t g ph h th h p pp t h v b i t d ’
ne o es e o o ra s s ow s e ar er s a ear o a e ee n n ser e .
 HU E
T I R I SH HA R P

A r thur O Ne il l t h e M a s te r of t h e fi rs t Soci e ty 18 0 7 —18 13 By rn e m a y

’

, ,
.

ha v e l e ft I r e la n d b e fo r e 18 19 a n d if t a ught by O Ne i ll it m u s t h a v e
,
’

b e e n be for e t h e fir s t Soci e ty w a s e s t a bli s h e d . Ch ar l e s Byr n e who ,

pl a ye d a t B e lfa s t i n 17 92 would h a v e b e e n a bout s e v e n ty wh e n t h e

,

you n ge r By rn e w a s bo rn s o i s s c a r c e ly lik e ly to h a v e b e e n h i s fa th e r
, .

Si x of t h e t e n h a r p e r s w h o a pp e a r e d a t B e lfa s t i n 17 92 w e r e a liv e du ri n g
t h e ti m e t h e you n g e r B y r n e w a s p r ob a bly l e a r n i n g t h e i n s t r u m e n t s o h e
,

m a y h a v e h a d Oppo r tu n iti e s of h e a r i n g r e a lly good p e r fo r m e r s . He

a pp e a r s to h a v e c a r r i e d on t h e t r a ditio n s O f t h e e ight e e n th c e n tu r y
-

h a r p e rs a s h e i s b e li e v e d to h a v e o n ly pl a y e d i n p r iv a t e hou s e s a n d a t
,

con c e r ts .
 SL AB Ar
' '
sr . x n vm s
’ “
K I TC HE N, G L E ND AL O U G H, C O U N
T Y Wc L ow
1

Th
c d d i i m
n a m e n t a t i on
i l p 17 6 in ll t t an
f k tch
s t
s k ar . Th e i us ra i on i s ro m a s e a en

ch ct t th t h i ch cc p h d t c g tb i b
i s i se .

e Oi
A h
,
k y f th h d t e o e a e a ee n
t i on t e a a s an e s e
w u
.
o urs

T i i ty C ll g H p pl t p 56 th h p vd bl d g b g c ld
i n ar a er o a
m t D i i 19 0 4 re o e o u n ur n ,
a ru n ou
a e, e ar
r n o e e ar

p t d p th t K ll pl t p bt d
.
, ,

t b at ei s, a e, no e o ai n e .

re r es e n e u on e s on e

M y H p pl t ”
15
“ V I .,
4 ,
d th
an Q f e u ee n ar ar ,
a e
 THE HI G H L A N D H A R P

HI STO R I C A L NO TI C E S

THE Ha r p fr o m a r e m ot e p e r iod w a s on e of th e m o s t p r iz e d of th e
m u s ic a l i n s t r u m e n t s i n u s e i n Sco tl an d Th e fr e qu e n t i n t e r cou r s e .

b e tw e e n I r e l a n d a n d t h e W e s t e r n I s l a n d s s p e ci a lly I o n a a ccou n t s for , ,

i t s e ar ly i n t r oductio n to tho s e i s l a n d s a n d s o ra pidly did t h e Scot s ,

a dopt a n d m a s t e r t h e i n s t r u m e n t th a t w e fi n d G i r a l d u s C a m b r e n s i s

( b 1 1.4 6 d ,
r e ma r ki n g th a t
. Scotl a n d i n co n s e qu e n c e O f i n t e r cou r s e ,

a n d a ffi n ity s t r iv e s with r iv a l s kil l to e m ul a t e I re l an d i n M u s ic

,
I r e l an d .
,

i n d e e d e m ploy s a n d d e lights i n o n ly two i n s t r u m e n ts t h e Ha r p a n d t h e

, ,

Ta bo r : Scotl a n d i n thr e e t h e Ha r p T a bo r a n d Chor u s , Fu r th e r , , .

,

In t h e opi n io n O f m a n y a t thi s d a y (118 5 ) Scotl a n d h a s n ot on ly

e qu a ll e d but e v e n fa r e xc e l s h e r m i s t r e s s I r e l a n d i n m u s ic a l s kill ;
, , , ,

1 ”
wh e r e fo r e th e y s e e k th e r e a l s o t h e fou n t a i n a s it w e r e of th e i r a rt , ,
.

F r om John M aj or who publi s h e d h i s G r e a t e r Br it a i n i n 152 1 w e l e a rn

, ,

tha t for m u s ica l i n s t r u m e n t s a n d voca l m u s ic t h e wild Scot s u s e t h e

“

Ha r p who s e s tri n gs a r e O f b ras s a n d n ot O f a n i m a l gut a n d on thi s th e y ,

2 ”
m a k e t h e m o s t pl e a s i n g m e lody .

Thi s w r ite r wh e n d e s cr ibi n g J a m e s I s t a te s th a t h e w a s a w e ll

, .
,

s kil l e d m u s ici a n a n d a s i n g e r s e co n d to n o n e
, with t h e Ha rp lik e , ,

a n oth e r O r ph e u s He s u r p a s s e d t h e I r i s h a n d t h e wild Scot s who a r e

.
,

i n th a t a r t p r e —e m i n e n t I t w a s i n t h e tim e O f h i s lo n g c a ptivity i n
.

F ra n c e a n d En gl a n d th a t h e l e a r n e d th e s e a ccom pli s h m e n ts 3
Th e .
”

m a n n e r i n which t h e e v e n i n g w a s p a s s e d by thi s s ov e r e ig n s ho r tly b e fo r e

h i s a s s as s i n a tio n i s thu s d e s c r ib e d SO both a fo r e s op e r a n d lo n g a ft e r
n t o qu ar te r O f t h e n y g h t i n t h e which t h e E r l e O f At h e t e ll a s an d
y
R obe r t St e w a r d w e r e a bout e t h e Ky n g w h e r th a y w e r occupi e d a tt th e
pl a yin g of t h e ch e es e at t t h e ta bl e s y n r e dy n g O f R o m a n s y n s y n g y n g , ,

1 G i r al d u s T F or e s t er gi v es f or t h e l t as E dn 18 92 , p 50
t d th
.

d —B d t
.

Ib d p
. . .

m en i on e , G r ow or C r ow . on
’
s ra n s .
3 i . . 36 6 .

p
, ,

. 12 7 .
140 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

an d p y p y n g , y n h a rp y n g an d in oth e r ho n e s t s ol a c e s of g r e te pl e a s a n c e
” 1
a n d di s po r t .

G e o r g e B ucha n a n whos e hi s tor y w a s publi s h e d i n 158 2 wh e n , ,

d e s cr ibi n g t h e cu s to m s of t h e W e s t e rn I s l a n d s sta t e s th a t t h e i n h a bi ,

t a n t s a r e e xc e e di n gly fo n d of m u s ic a n d e m ploy h a r p s O f a p e culi a r ,

ki n d s o m e of which a r e s tr u n g with b ra s s a n d s o m e with ca tgut

,
In ,
.

pl a yi n g the y s tr ik e t h e wi r e s e ith e r w ith a quill or with th e ir n ail s ,

2
,

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 142 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NTS

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144 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S
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146 M U S I C A L I N STR U M E NT S

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5
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i p 17 6 ou n s , vol . .
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 THE H I G H L A N D HA R P 147

Chu r ch m en n obl e s ba r o n s chi e fs O f cl a n s a n d g e n tl e m e n r e ta i n e d

, , , ,

m u s ici a n s SO t h e Ki n g h a d t h e a dditio n a l a dv an t a g e of h e a r i n g t h e
.

Har p e rs of t h e L o r d of B al n ag ow a n t h e Tha n e O f C a wdo r t h e ,

1
,
2

3 4 5
Cou n te s s O f C ra wfor d t h e Bi s hop Of R o s s t h e Bi s hop of C a ithn e s s , , ,

a n d L o r d Se m pil
6

Th e C l a r s c h a s O f t h e E a r l O f A r gyl e M a cl a i n t h e P r io r O f Whit e
7 8
, ,

1°
h orn f an d O D on n e l P r i n c e O f C on n a l
’ ’

Th e D r u m m e rs of L o r d Ha m ilto n t h e L a i r d of C r a g y i s Joh n , ,

M u rr a y L o r d Fl e m i n g t h e B i s hop of M o ra y a n d t h e L or d O f
13
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Aubign y ;
Th e Fiddl e r s of Si r Al e x an d e r J a r di n e a n d Si r G e o r g e L a w e di r i s
7 ’

Th e L u t e r e r s O f t h e P r io r O f Whit e ho r n t h e L a i r d of Joh n s to n
9
,
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L o r d Ruthv e n t h e Bi s hop O f M or ay t h e L a i r d of Kil m a u r s t h e

,
21
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Cou n te s s O f Cra wfo r d a n d t h e M i n s tr e l s O f L o r d Se to n a n d t h e Ear l

4 2”
,
2

of B othw e ll .

O f a l l t h e i n s tr u m e n t s r e fe rr e d to t h e Ha r p a n d C l a r s c h a b e i n g of ,

t h e fi r s t i m po r ta n c e it i s d e si ra bl e th a t th e y s hould b e m o r e ful ly ,

n otic e d .

Th e Ha rp a s a l r e a dy s t a t e d on t h e a utho r ity O f a n a n o n y m ou s w r it e r
, ,

w a s s t r u n g with t h e i n t e s ti n e s of a n a n i m a l Th e r e i s u n for tun a t e ly n o .

s p e ci m e n of thi s i n s t r u m e n t e xt a n t but it m o s t p r ob a bly r e s e m bl e d t h e ,

C l a rs c h a i n fo rm ; but a s t h e t e n s io n of gut i s co n s id e r a bly l e s s th a n

th a t O f wi r e to a llo w f or t h e n e c e s s a r y vib ra tion t h e s ou n di n g bo ar d w a s
,
-

m o s t lik e ly s o m e wh a t thi n n e r th a n th a t O f t h e C l ar s c h a I t m ay .
,

how e v e r h e r e m ar k e d tha t wh e n a s will b e a ft e r w a r d s n otic e d a

, , ,

g e n ui n e C l a r s c h a w a s s tr u n g with gut a n d pl a y e d upon it w a s fou n d ,

1 Tre a s u r e r’s A cc t l i i oun s , vo p 12 5 14 Tr e a s u r e r ’s A cc t l ou n s, vo iii pp 35

6,
Ib i d l i i p 12 6 pp 7 5 13 7
. . . . . . .

2 vo 37 5 400, 403 ; vol i v .

Ib d i i i p 40 3
,

Ib i d l i i i p 16 3
. . . . .
,
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vo . i vol . . .

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,
.

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,

1
. vo . . vol i v. .

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.

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, . . .
, .

17
vo vol i . .

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.

l i i p 443
. . . . .
, .

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i vo i .

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. .
,

Ib i d l i i p 3 88 pp
. . . . .

7 19
vo l . vo iii 339 vol

Ibi d i i p 111
. . . . . .
.
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,

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.

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. .
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vo i . .

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. . . . . .
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i i p 144
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Ibi d l i i p 443 5Ib d i i p 145

. . . . . .
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148 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

to be g r e e a bl e i n s t r u m e n t s p e ci a lly fr o m t h e c e n tr e of t h e s c a l e to
an a ,

t h e tr e bl e Th e Ha r p it m ay h e r e m a r k e d co m p a r e d with t h e
.
, ,

C l a rs c h a w a s a co m p a ra tiv e ly e a s y i n s t r u m e n t to l e a rn
, .

Th e C l a rs c h a or I r i s h Ha r p w a s p r i n cip a lly i n u s e i n I r e l an d a n d
, ,

t h e Highl a n d s a n d I s l a n d s of Scotl an d wh e r e t h e b e s t p e rfo r m e r s w e r e ,

t o b e m e t with Th e p r i n c e s a n d chi e fs of I r e l an d r e ta i n e d h a r p e r s a n d
.
,

t h e n obl e s a n d chi e fs O f t h e Highl a n d s an d I s l a n d s did t h e s a m e Th i s .

m o s t di ffi cult i n st r u m e n t could o n ly b e m as t e re d by thos e w h o h a d c om

m e n c e d t h e s tudy a t or b e fo r e t h e e a r ly a g e O f t e n or twe lve Th e .

p r olo n g e d vi bra tio n of t h e wi r e s tr i n g s r e qui r e d to be i mm e di a t e ly

s topp e d or d a m p e d : thus a s s oo n as a fi n g e r pull e d a s tr i n g an oth e r
,

fi n g e r s topp e d t h e vib r a tio n a n d wh e n th e p e r fo r me r upo n t h e C l a r s ch a

,

w a s a profici e n t n o j ar r i n g of t h e s tr i n g s a g a i n s t t h e fi n g e r n a il s w as h e a r d -
.

O f t h e C l a r s c h a of thi s p e r iod w e h a ve fortu n ately a pl a i n but

e xc e ll e n t sp e ci m e n — t h e L a m o n t Ha rp Th e i n s tr u m e n t i n Scotl a n d as .
,

i n I r e l a n d h a d p r oba bly a n u m b e r O f thi n s t e e l s t r i n g s i n t h e t r e bl e a n d

, ,

w a s m o s t lik e ly tu n e d a n d pl a y e d upo n i n t h e Highl a n d s a s i n I r e l an d .

As a lre a dy m e n tio n e d t h e C l a r s c h a w a s s pl e n didly d e cor a te d a n d s e t

, ,

with g e m s or c rys ta l ; a n d w e h e a r of a n e c a i s t o Er s ch C l ar s c h a ri s
h a r p c ove r i t with l e ddi r which cos t £2 2 s e n ou gh to s how how , ,
.
1
,

car e fully th e s e b e a utiful i n s tr u m e n t s w e r e p r ote ct e d fr o m d a m a ge a t a

p e r iod wh e n r o a d s w e re fe w a n d r ough a n d con v e ya n c e s with s p r i n gs ,

we r e p e r h a p s n ot thought of I t m a y b e r e m a r k e d tha t be tw e e n thi s .

i n s tr um e n t a n d t h e Har p a di s tin ction i s a l m o s t i n va r i a bly m a d e for ,

a lthough w e h e a r O f E n gli s h h a rp e r s w e h a v e n o n otic e of a n En gli s h

C l a r s c h a ; a n d a lthough s e v e r a l I r i s h C l a r s c h a ar e m e n tion e d w e o n l y ,

h e a r O f on e I r i s h h a r p e r a n d th a t i s c e r ta i n ly an e rr o r O n t h e othe r
, .

ha n d w e fi n d P a te h a r p e r Cl a r s c h a fre qu e n tly m e n tio n e d a lso E r s e

, ,

C l a rs c h a b u t o n ly on e Er s e h a r p e r p r ob a bly a n e rr o r
,
I t i s pos s ibl e , .
,

a n d e v e n p r ob a bl e th a t s o m e of t h e p e r fo r m e r s upo n t h e C l a r s c h a s uch
, ,

a s Pate ( P a tr ick ) who s e n a tion ality i s n ot giv e n w e r e I ri s h Ha lf a

, ,
.

ce n tu ry l a t e r (156 3 t h e i n h a bit an t s Of a portio n of G a llow a y s pok e

” 2
e ri s h e a n d b e tw e e n
,
thi s is ol a t e d Ga e lic s pe a ki n g com m u n ity a n d -

1 Tr e a s u r e r s A
’
cc t
ou n s , vol ii i p 36 7 t h e rl e of Ca s s d l s an d h i s f re n d e s . A b a rr a n t
p pl f t
. . .

2
KA RR I K B AIL Z ERY . c utr e e b u t f or b e s t i all ; t h e eo e or th e m os e

B e y on de th e M u ll Of G a ll ow a y e A n d of L ow g p t
ar s p e k eth er is h e
”—
Ar c h ae o
. l gi c l o a an d Hi s
ry an e s ou e t h wi th th e s a m e Ka r i c k b a il z e r y e , t or i c a l C o ll cti
e on s r e a l ti g tn o th e C ou n ti e s of Ay r
p c ll I h b i t d by Wi gt ow n W p 17
,

Ar e vol
’

ar e of th e s h e re fi d o m e o f . n a e and , . . . .
150 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

M a c L e an Tob e r m o r y Thi s w a s p r oba bly p r ior t o 17 7 3 du r i n g which

, n ear .
,

y e a r D r Joh n s o n m e t M i ss M a c L e a n an d s p e ci a lly n otic e d h e r

.
1
.

Although t h e n a tive p e r for m e r s a s fa r a s w e k n ow w e r e s t a tion a r y , , ,

Scotl a n d w a s occ a s io n all y vi s it e d by h a rp e rs Of n ot e fr o m t h e n e ighbou r

i n g i s l an d w h o t r a v e ll e d fr o m c a s tl e to c a s tl e an d e v e n p e r fo r m e d
, ,

b e fo r e t h e Cou r t a t Holy r ood Two O f th e s e He m p s on a n d O Ka n e

2
.
,
’

w e re to b e he a r d du r i n g t h e e ight e e n th c e n tu r y but e ve n th e n t h e ,

i n s tr u m e n t h a d a l m o s t di s a pp e a r e d i n Scotl a n d for w e k n ow tha t t h e ,

3
fo rm e r dur i n g h i s fr e qu e n t vi s its to cou n t r y hou s e s m e t with o n ly on e
, ,

h a r p a n d tha t a v e r y s m a ll i n s tr u m e n t In fa ct fa s hion h a d ch an ge d i n
, .
,

Scotl an d a n d othe r i n s t r u m e n t s h a d r e pl a c e d t h e C l a r s c h a
, .

E X C E RP T FR OM THE A CC O U NTS O F THE L O RD HI G H TRE A SU R E R OF

S C O TL A ND R E L A T NG I TO THE HA RP A ND C L A RSC HA

1491 . Ap i l 5t h [Lin l i th gow ] t i l a h arp ar

r , ,
x vi ij s 4
Ap i l 19th to M ar t y c l re s ch w
r ,
n ,
a a , an d t h e t od er E r s c h e c l ar e s c h aw ,

a t t h e K i g is c omm d“
o

n an

M ay 3 ot h , t i l a n e Er se e a r p ar , a t th e i n g i s omm an d , h h K c
1490 1 J a n u a r y 2 md, t o M a r y n M Br et n e , cl are s c h a w ,
-
.
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t
t i l an e O d er Er s c h e c l ar e s c h a w ,
1494 D
r e ss t o P a e Ha r p a r“ t
s t K
.

1496 .
p l
A ri 2 5th , g i ffi n t o Jam es M y l on e h e h a r p a re a t th e i gi n s c om

m an d , xn
j s 111] d 8

Au gu s t 3r d, g ifli n t o t h e h ar p ar e w i th th e a h d
an ,
ix g 9
O ct at t h e K i g i
ob e r 28 t h , t o Ja m e s M y l s on e , t h e h ar p ar e , d n s c omm an , xxx v j s
19

1496 7 -
. J an u ary 3 rd gi fii n t o P a t e h arp ar e ,
xn
j , ,
s iii j d 11
Fe bru ar y 2 5th g i fii n t o Fowl is t h e h arp a re at th e Ki n g s c omm an d
,
’

,
x i i ij 512
M arc h 13t h [P e r th ] t o a m an th a t p l ay i t on t h e c l a rsc h a t o t h e
,

Ki n g,

1497 . M ar c h 2 8t h , t o My l s on e t h e h ai p a re ,

F wli o s th e h ar p ar ,

to Pa t e h arp a re,
Ap ril 10t h , t o J oh n e h p a w it h
ar r th e an e h d
an , at th e K i gi
n s c om

m an d , ix 515
K i gi c mm d t M
M ay 5
th h ,
at th e n s o an , o y l s ou n e , ar p ar , x ii
j s iiij d 16

G li c P v b
1 ae di t d by A l Ni c l
ro T er s, e e ex. o s on .
3 r eas u re r s
’
A cc tou n s , vol . i . p . 273 .

Ed n18 8 1 pp 409 410 I bi d p -

9 288
Ibi d p
. .
, .

H p f m db f
.

P i c Ch l E dw d
.
.
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2
e e r or e e ore r n e ar es ar
19 304
I bi d p
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t H ly d 3 09
11
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.

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Ibi d p
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’
re a s u re r s ou n s , vo , .

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 THE H I G HL A ND HA R P

Jun e h p
12 th , t o F wl i o s th e ar ar,

S pt m b
e 2 ot h t t h Ki g i c mm
e er d t P t h p , a e n s o an , o a e ar ar,

O ct b 2 md t P t h p
o er t t h K i gi c mm d o a e ar ar , a e n s o an

Ki gi
, ,

D c m b 19th i F w l i A g t th h p th
e e er t th ,
n o s in n u s, o e ar ar ere, a e n s

c mm d o an ,

F b y b t h Ki g i c mm d t J m M y l
e ru ar e e n s o an o a es s on , ix 55
1497 8 -
. F b y 2 l t t t h Ki gi c mm d t S d h p
e r u ar s ,
a e n s o an , o an e ar ar , x 11
] 3 iii j d5
F b y 2 2 d i D w q h l t t h h p b t h Ki g i m
e ru a r n , n o u a e, o e ar ar , e e n s co

m an d , x ii i
j s7
M ar ch l 6 t h , i n D w c h al e , t O ot h h p th e ar ar are, mu 3 iii j d
M ar ch 19 th ,
i n D u n b e r ta n e , t o t h e m a n th t p la ay i t to th Kie n
g on th e
c l ars c h a , b e th e Ki g i cn s omm an d ,

M ar ch
2 oth , t o An d r o Wod a h e h ed l a i d d ou n e t o a n e I n g i s ar ar , , th t l h p
b e th e i n gis omman d , K c xnj s 111] d3
1501 Dc
e e m b er, o cl th
e s f or Pa e Ha r ar , c l a r sc h a, t p 9

J
.

l t h
Apr i 13th , P a e ar p ar on th e ar , P a e arp e r on t h e c l ar c h a, am es h p t h s
M y l son ar p ai h
t h e I r el a n d c l a rsc h a , an d an E n g i s
,
ar ar, e a l h h p ch
re e c iv d e

M ay 2 2 n d , b e t h e g
in is om m a n d t o P a e a r ar , K c , t h p
M ay 2 5 t h , t o Ja m e s M y l s on , a r ar , b e t h e i n gi s omma n d , h p K c
J u n e l s t, t o P a e h ar p a i r, t
t
Sep e mb e r 14t h [Bal qu i dd e r ] , t o s u e c l ars c h aa r ar e , th
pt
Se e m b e r l 6 t h [Ba l qu i dd e r ] , t o t u a m e n a p l a y i t on t h e c l a rsc h a th t
a n d s an g t o t h e i n g, b e t h e i n gi s omman d , K K c x x vi i
j s
v
No em b e r 11t h , b e t h e i n gi s c omm an d , t o t h e ar d of Bal n a gow n i s K l
h a r p ar e ,
Nov em b er 15th , to Al e x an d e r Harp er be [the Kingi c s omm an d] ,
to h el p

h i m to by an e h or s , x x vi i
j5
Nove m b er 18 th , to t h e T h ay n of Ca ldori h a rp s ar , b e th e Ki gi n s c om

man d,
15
01 2 . J an u ar y l s t J am es My l s on P a t e Har p a r Al ex an d e r Harp ai r Pa t e
, , , ,

Har p ar cl ar s ch a a n d t h e b l in d h a r p e r e ac h , ,

Se p t e m b e r 2 6 t h h e t h e Ki n g i s c omm an d t o M y l s on h arp a r
, ,

Jan u ar y l s t [Ar br oa th ] t o fou r h arp ari s i l k a n e , , .

F ebru ar y 2 2n d to t h e bli n d h ar p ar b e c om m an d
Ap ri l 18 t h t o P a t e Har p a r Al ex an d e r Ha r p a r P a t e Har p e r c l ares ch a
, , ,

15
03 .
, , , ,

an d t h e b l i n d h ar e r ea ch
p ,

1
Tr e as u r er ’
s A cc t ou n s , vol . i p 340 19
Tr e a s u r e r ’
s A cc ou n t s,

I bi d p 3 59 I bi d p 109
. . .

2 11

I bi d p 36 1
. .
,

Ib i d p 110
.
. . .
,

3 12

4 Ib i d p 372
.
, . .

I bi d p 119
.
, . .

.
13

5 Ib d p 376
.

d J 4 Ibi d p 12 0
.
, .
, . .

i , Be s i es th e ames M y l s on , 1

h p th
.

(d
5 Ib i d p 12 5
. . . .
, .

“ 1
ar er, t b ere w as a au r on a r r u mm er ) of
L i th pp Ibi d p 12 6
. . .
,

e f th om m — V e sa e n a e ol . ii 141, 19

Ib d p 13 1
. .
. . .
,

155 .
17 i

I bi d p 3 7 7 Ibi d p 342
.
,
. .

9 19

Ib i d p 37 8
.

I bi d p 353
. .
.
, . .
,

7 19

I bi d p 38 3
. . .
,

Ib d p 359
. .
. ,

9 29
. . i

Ib i d l i i p 55
, .

Ib i d p 36 7
. .
.
,

9 vo 21
. .
.
, . . . .
, .
152 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

M ay 2 n d, t o M ak b e r ty t h e c l arsc h a t o p as i n t h e I l i s , b e t h e i n g i s K
c omman d , v ran c r ou n i s , s u mm a F ch ifi i i x § 1
M ay 15 t h , t o t h e cl ar sc h a i n G l en l u s , ix 2
t
Au g u s 19th , t o th e E rl e of E rgi l es c l ars ch ar, b e th e i n gi s omman d , x fi fi § 3 K c
t
Au g u s 2 1s t [Ab er d een ] t o th e I n g i s h arp ari s, i j r os n ob e s , s u m ma fij fi x § 4
,
l l
t
Sep e mb er 2 3rd [S i r in g ], t o a n e I n g i s ar ar , b e t h e t l
in gi s com l h p K
m a n d , x ran c r ou n i s , s u mm a F ch
t
Oc ob er 2 n d, to Al ex an d er ar p a r a n d J ames M y l s on , b e t h e in gi s h K
omm an d ,c x x vfi §
j
6

t l
O c ob er 8 th , i n E gi n , i n M u rray , t o an e b in d arp ar are , b e th e l h th
Ki gi c n s om m an d ,
0 A.

O ct ob e r 2 7 t h to P a t e Ha r p er cl arsch a , , ,

03 4 Ja n u ar y l s t t o Al ex a n d er Ha rp ar Pa t e Harp ar P a t e Harp ar c l arsc h a

15 -
.
, , , ,

He w B ra b e n ar an d t h e b l i n d h a r p ar h arp ars ea c h , , ,

1504 Ju n e 31s t i n Pa s l a y to L or d Si m p i l l e s h arp a r

.
, , ,

Ju l y 31st to Al e x a n d e r h arp ar an d J ame s M y l s on b e th e Ki n gi s com

, , , ,

m an d , xxv i ij s 11
Au gu s t 2n d b e t h e K in gi s c omman d t o J am es M y l s on an d Alex an d e r
, ,

h ar p ar t o fee th aim h ors t o p as to th e rai d t o Esk da l e

, ,

O ct ob er 2 2md t o t h e l a r d of B al n ag ow n i s h arp e r b e c omm an d

, , ,

Nove mb e r 7 th i n San c t J oh n es t ou n to M y l s on h arp ar b e th e K i n gi s

, , ,

c omm an d ,

Nove m b er 17 th to th e C ou n t es of Cr au fu r di s h arp ar , ,

15045 J an u ar y l st t o Ja me s M y l s on Al ex an d e r h a rp ar Bon aven t u re P a t e

-
.
, , , , ,

Ha r p a r c l ar s c h a an d h i s s on i lk an e
, , ,

M ar ch 12 th [L och ma b e n ] t o a n e c l ar s c h aa r t h ere b e c omman d , , ,

1505 M ar ch 2 5
. th t o M y l s on Al ex a n d er h ar p a r Pa t e h ar p ar c l ar s c h a t h e
, , , , ,

b l i n d h ar p ar Bra g ma n h ar p a ri s i lk a n e , , ,

Ap i l r 12 th , t o th e Ere ch cl ar s c h aar , f or an e s an e t t an e f ra hi m b e t h e
Ki n g,

D
M ay 1s t [ u m b a r on ] , t o an e c l a rsch aar , b e c omm an d , t
M a y 9th , t o M y l son , h arp ar i s ,
t l
M a y 2 2 n d [S ir i n g ], t o a n e c l arsc h aar , e t h e i n gi s om m an d , b K c
l
J u y 2 6 th , i n Eli ot s tou n to a n e arp ar ar e ,23 b e t h e in gis c omm an d , h th K
Ju l y 28 th , t o P a e, arp ar, at th e i n gi s omm an d, t h K c
t
Au gu s l 6 t h , t o Al e x a n d e r, h arp ar, b e omman d Of th e L ordi s of th e c
Ch e kk er , x x s 29
I

1 Tre a su re r s A ’
cc ou n t s , vol . ii p 36 9 14
Tr e a su r er s A ’
cc ou n t l
s , vo 11 p 46 5
Ib i d p
. . . . . .

I bi d p
.

15
2 37 1 46 7
Ibi d p v t p b bly
. .
, . .

I bi d
.

p
.
,

3 388 19
472 B on a en u re wa s ro a n ot

h p
. .
,
. . . .

4 I bi d p
,

389 a ar e r.

I bi d p Ibi d p
.
, . .

9 17
3 97 v ol 111 13 I
I bi d p 13 2
.
.
, . . .

Ibi d p
. .
.
,

9 400 13

I bi d p 135
.
, . .

Ibi d p
. . .
,

19
7 40 1
Ibi d p 13 7
. . .
. .
,

I bi d
.

p
,

29
3 403
Ib i d
.

p 139
. .
,

Ibi d p
. . .
,

9 412 21

Ib i d p 140
.
. . .
, .

I bi d p
.
,

22
19 443
P b bly L d S mp i l l
,
. . .

Ib i d p
. . .
,

449
’
11 23 ro a or e s.

Ib i d p 152
.

I bi d p
,
. .

12 45 0 24
, . .

5 Ib i d p 156
.

Ib i d p
.
.
, .

13
.
,
. 46 4 .
2 .
,
. .
154 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

1511 . to Ad am D i k e s on e h p ar f or h i s l eve r ay g ou n e,
ar e tc . ,

1512 13 -
. Ja n u ar y ,
t o th e S c tt i
o s h ar p a r i s , i lk an e
1513 . Ju l y 11t h , t o O don e l i s h a r p a r qu hi lk p a s t a wa y wi th h i m,

R EP RESENTA T IO NS UP ON STO NE

form of t h e Ha r p i n u s e i n Scotl a n d a t a r e m ote p e r iod w e

F or t h e
m u s t turn to s uch r e p r e s e n t a tio n s of t h e i n s t r u m e n t a s a pp e a r upo n t h e
s culptur e d s to n e s O f th es e se v e n h a v e fortu n a t e ly b e en p r e s er ve d a n d
.
,

th e y a r e h e r e n otic e d i n t h e o r d e r i n which the y a re s uppo s e d t o h a v e

b e e n s cul p ture d .

No I Th e r e p r e s e n ta tion upo n t h e s to n e a t t h e ch a p e l a t Al t ba r
. .
,

Abe r l e mn o F or fa r (c e ighth or n i n th c e n tury ) s how s u s an i n s t r u m e n t

,
.
,

tri an gula r i n for m with cu r ve d for e pill a r Th e s tr i n g s a r e i n dic a te d

,
-
.
,

4
but a s t h e s to n e i s m uch w e a th e r wo rn t h e n u m b e r can n ot b e a s c er ta i n e d -
.

No II Th e s culptu r e a t Nigg R o s s —s hi r e (c n i n th or t e n th c e n tury )

. . , .
,

i s so m e wh a t s im il a r t h e fo re pill a r b e i n g i n thi s i n s t a n c e s tr a ight

, Th e -
.

5
e r e a r e e ight ) a r e i n th e ir p r op e r po s itio n
s tr i n g s
(of which th .

No III i s a t D u pp li n P e r th s hi r e (c te n th or e l e v e n th c e n tu ry )
. .
, . .

He re t h e i n s tr u m e n t which i s t ri a n gu l a r i n fo r m h as e ight s tr in gs a n d , ,

a s t r a ight for e pill a r Th e p e r for m e r i s s e a t e d upo n a cha i r with

-
.

a n or n am e n t e d b a ck a n d a pp ar e n tly hold s t h e Ha r p a g a i n s t h i s l e ft
6
s hould e r .

No IV F r om M on i fi e t h For fa r s hi re (c t e n th or e l e v e n th c e n tury )
. . , .
,

a t p r e s e n t i n t h e Na tio n a l M u s e u m E di n bu rgh is both b e tt e r d e s ig n e d , ,

a n d b e tt e r pr e s e r v e d Th e Har p i s t r i a n gul a r i n fo r m with a v e ry . ,

s lightly cu r v e d fo r e pill a r The r e a r e e ight s tr i n g s Th e ha rp e r i s

-
. .

1
Tr e a s u r e r ’s l g d i ti ct Th h d i f m k tch t k
A cc tou n s , vol W p 262 on er s n e ea s ro a s e a en

b f t h bb i g w m d Th i ll t ti i
. . .

I b i d p 402
. .

2 e or e e ru n as a e . e u s ra on n

Sc lpt d St f Sc tl di i m
. . .
,

I b i d p 415
3 th e u u re on e s o o an s n so e

p ct d ff t A c f l bb i g wi th g
.

bbi g by R mi lly All E q

.
.
,

F m 4 ro a ru n o en s re s e s i e re n . are u ru n ra s s

c ll t c t f th i t i th mi ght g i v m dd t i l d t i l
.
,

5Th i er e s an e x e en as o s s on e n e e so e a i on a e a s .

M m f Sc i
useu c d A t Ed b gh
o en P h p t th m p i d m y b
e an c ib d
r i n ur er a s o e sa e er o a e as r e

c lpt d c l b t A d h tt i ll
.

Th w i t h d b t l i ttl t im t
,

6 e r mi th
er a u e e o e xa n e e s u ure r os s s a a r c a an us

d i g t t d i t h E ly C h i ti M m t f Sc t
,

thi t s Th i ll t t i
s on e i f m e u s ra on s ro a ra w n ra e n e ar r s an on u en s o o

d f m bbi g b th h ti ly m d Th l d p 3 7 8 U p w h i ch l b t d fig i
. ,

an ro a ru n o as a e. e an . on s a a sea e ur e s

p t d pl y i g p H p O i d f t h
, .

f m f th H p th m l g d t h ch i
,
’
or o e ar e an s e an e a r a re re r es e n e a n u on a ar . ne s e o e

m t p b bly cc t Th t p ti f th i t m t i b k w y b t th h p pp
, ,

os ro a a u ra e. a or on o e n s ru en s ro en a a u e ar er a e a rs

c lpt w hi ch p h p t ti m p t d t b h ld i g th H p w i th th f —pi ll t w d
,

s u u re er a s a on e e re r e s en e o e o n e ar e ore ar o ar s

th h ld d l ft m f t h p f m i
e s ou e r an hi m e ar o e er or er s no .
ru me n t
. pp e a r upon t h e
as a

ma t e ] y b e e n pre s e rve d a n d,

thew a re suppos e d t o h a v e

s
r at t he ch a p e l at Al t ba r ,
 THE H I G HL A N D HA R P 155

s ea et d upo n a low ch a i r with a ba ck a n d i s pl a yi n g with hi s l e ft ,

1
ha n d .

N0 V Upon a s l a b a t St O ra n s Ch a p e l I o n a (c thi r te e n th c e n tu r y )
’
. .
. . .
,

Th e occupi e r of a co ra cl e i s r e p r e s e n t e d a s holdi n g a Ha r p t h e for e pil l a r ,

-

2
of which i s cu r ve d .

No VI Upon t h e c a pit a l of on e of t h e colu m n s of t h e C a th e d r a l

. .
,

I on a (c thi r te e n th ce n tu ry ) m ay b e s e e n a r e p re s e n ta tion i n r e li e f of t h e
.
,

Vi rgi n s e a te d App r o a chi n g fr om h e r l e ft th e r e i s a n an g e l r ob e d with

.
,

l ar g e W i n g s a n d lo n g h a i r B oth h an d s of t h e a n g e l g r as p t h e box of a Ha r p
.
,

which i s h e ld i n fr o n t of t h e body Th e for e pil l a r of t h e Ha r p i s cur v e d 3

.
-
.

Pa s s in g th e s e e a r ly r e p r e s e n t a tion s w e co m e to t h e m e di ae v a l p e r iod .

No VII In t h e n or th e a s t a n gl e of th e cha p e l a t K e ill s K n a pd a l e

. .
-
,

s culptu r e i s of g r e a t i n t e r e s t a n d
( c . fou r t e e n th c e n tur y
) This pi e c e of .

i m por tan c e We ha v e h e r e a r e p r e s e n ta tio n of a Highl a n d Ha rp [C l a r s c h a ]

.

of t h e p e r iod Th e box i s or n a m e n t e d i n a s tyl e s im i l ar to th a t u s e d i n

.

d e cora ti n g t h e Ha r p kn ow n a s th a t of Qu e e n M a ry a n d al s o t h e Har p ,

i n Tr i n ity Coll e ge Dubli n Th e fo r e pill ar i s cu r v e d an d h a s t h e

, .
-
,

T fo r ma t io n to b e he re a ft e r r e fe r re d to ; but wh a t i s of s p e ci a l i n t e re s t
, , ,

t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e s how s a p e culi ar a n d W h a t m a y b e c a ll e d t h e ,

dis ti n ctive Highl a n d hu m p 4

, .

Th e n e xt a n d l as t r e p r e s e n ta tion i s da te d 16 7 9 a n d occu rs upon t h e ,

li n t e l of a fir e pl a c e i n t h e Ca s tl e of Kilcoy Ro s s s hir e Th e s culpto r ,

-
.

u n qu e stio n a bly h a d a Highl a n d Ha r p be fo r e h i m p e r h a p s on e b e lon gi n g ,

to a r e ta i n e r of t h e chi e f At e ith e r e n d of t h e li n t e l a m e r m a id i s .

r e p r e s e n t e d a s pl a yi n g upo n a Ha r p Th a t to t h e l e ft (No 8 ) i s p e r fe ct . .
,

a n d t h e Ha r p i s co rr e ctly h e ld by t h e p e r fo r m e r a g a i n s t t h e l e ft s hould e r

but h e r e p r ob a bly owi n g t o s om e chippi n g of t h e sto n e or oth e r a cci de n t

, ,

t h e hum p on t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e i s n ot cl e a r ly i n dic a t e d Upo n th e .

r e p r e s e n ta tio n to t h e r ight t h e s culptor to m a k e h i s d e s ig n m o r e , ,

u ni for m h a s pl a c e d t h e Har p a g a i n s t t h e r ight s hould e r of t h e p e r fo r m e r

, ,

i n a n i n cor r e ct po s itio n ; but thi s i s of li ttl e con s e qu e n c e Wh a t i s of .

1
bb i g by th w i t
F r om a ru l f Th h p i f i ch l g Th t
n e r er re i e e ar s ou r n es on e s on e

bb i g m t bl i gi gly t k by i m ch th
. . .

2
F m ro a ru n os o n a en s u w ea e r- w o rn .

M Alr. d Ri tchi c t k I
e xa n er Th it i p c lly i d bt d t t h R
e, ar e a er , on a
4 e wr er s s e ia n e e o e ev

Th i ll t t i i f m ph t g ph by th M M cl C m d wh m t bli g i gly
. .

3 u s ra
e on s ro a o o ra e a ean ra on o os o n

J B M ck z i K m i t h p
.
,

t v ll d c i d bl d i t c t mi t h
,

R ev . . . a i en e, en or e , n e oss e s s on ra e e a on s era e s an e o e xa ne e

of J ph A d
os e LL D M Al n d l b d h m d v l bb i g f t h
e rs o n , r exan er s a an w o a e se e ra ru n s o e

Ri tch i c t k I h k i dly m i d H p f m w h i ch th i ll t t i h b p
. . .
,

e, ar e a e r, on a , as n exa ne ar ro e us r a on as een ro

c lpt w hi ch i b t h lf i ch i d d
,

th e s u u re . s a ou on e a -
n n u ce .
156 M U SI C A L I NS T R U M E NT S

re a l i n t e r e s t is th a t t h e hu m p on t h e h a rm o n ic cu r v e w hich a s a l r e a dy
, , ,

s t a t e d i s a di s ti n ctiv e ch ar a ct e r i s t i c of t h e Highl an d Ha r p i s h e r e cl e a r ly
, ,

i n dic a t e d O f thi s pi e c e of s culptu r e t h e block p r oj e cti n g fr om t h e

.

low e r t e r m i n a tio n of t h e box h a s b e e n b r ok e n a w a y a n d i s r e p r e s e n t e d ,

i n t h e illu s tra tio n by li n e s Upon both s culptu r e s t h e ba n d s thr ough .

1
which t h e tu n i n g p e g s p a s s a r e s how n a n d h a v e e a ch s i n gl e cu r v e s
-
,
.

Thi s i s a s far a s t h e wr it e r i s a wa r e t h e l a t e s t r e p r e s e n t ation of t h e

, ,

l a s t form of t h e Highl a n d Ha r p upo n s to n e ; but upo n t h e coi n s s tr uck

i n Scotl a n d du r i n g t h e r e ig n of J a m e s V I a ft e r t h e u n io n of t h e C r o wn s .
,

a n d a l s o upo n on e of Ch a r l e s I t h e C l a r s c h a i s r e p re s e n t e d .
,
.

Th e Ha r p occu rs a l s o upo n s to n e s tucco wood a n d p a i n te d c e ili n g s , , ,

’
i n Scotch h ou s e s f but th e s e a lthough h e r e n otic e d a r e s i m ply c on , ,
s

ve n t i on a l r e p r e s e n t a tio n s a n d a r e of n o i n t e re s t A r ti s t s n o doubt
, .

c a r r i e d th e i r d e s ig n s a bout an d re p r oduce d th e m wh e n n e c e s s a r y ,
.

I f w e a cce pt th e Ha r ps th a t occur upo n t h e Highl a n d s ton e s a n d

upon t h e I r i s h s h r i n e s a s r e p r es e n ta tio n s of t h e i n s t r u m e n ts tha t we re
i n u s e a t t h e p e r iod s wh e n t h e sto n e s w e re s culptu r e d an d t h e shri n e s
co n s t r uct e d th e y m ay th r o w s o m e l ight upo n t h e d e v e lop m e n t of th e
,

i n s tr um e n t Th e occu rr e n c e of e ight s t r i n g s as show n by t h e Nigg

.
3
, ,

D u p p l i n a n d M on i fi e t h sto n e s e r e cte d i n s e p a ra t e loc a liti e s a n d s culp

, , ,

t u re d a t di ffe r e n t p e r iod s can s c a r c e ly b e a ccid e n t a l I t m ay the r e fo r e

, .

b e r e a s o n a bly co n clud e d th a t t h e i n s t r u m e n t b e tw e e n t h e n i n th a n d t h e ,

e l e v e n th c e n tu r i e s h a d tha t n u m b e r of st r in g s Th e n u m be r a pp e a r s
, .

s ma ll but if a s i s s uppo s e d t h e e a r ly sc a l e s w e r e g a pp e d — th a t i s th a t
, , , ,

two of t h e n ot e s i n ou r octa v e w e re w a n ti n g — th e s e e ight str i n g s r e p r e

s e n t a r an g e of te n n ot e s su ffici e n t for o r di n ar y m e lody , .

Har ps of a l a rge r s iz e m ay h a ve b e e n i n u s e at a v e ry e a r ly p e r iod .

1 Th e w ri t
d bt d t Th m R E q er is i n e e o o as oss , s f r om Cl are ct to C l i ii
as hl e — O ’C u r r y ’
s Le u res , vo . .

ph t g ph f thi t f m w hi ch t h Th w i t h
.
,

for a o o ra o s s on e , ro e
p p 2 6 2 2 6 3 333 t e r er as no se e n a

i ll t t i hv b tk p t ti f H p p y i ll t ti f
. .
, ,

u s ra on s a e ee n a en . re re s e n a on o a ar u on an u s ra on o

E d i b g h C tl F l i g K i kt
2
t an I h cri s St i g d i t m t
r os s . c lp r n e ns ru en s are s u

i l
n ur

d H tly C tl P i l gi C i g i
fB as e, i n ar , r on o urn
t d
u re p th m b t i th th y
u on th e u ne er e n or e

i t m t p t d p th C
,
s an , un as e, ts o e, ra e var ,

M ch i t C tl S g h t M i ll n s ru en re f St r es en e u on e ros s o

M t h v th t H p f m At
G l mm i
.

a s, er s on as

H M i dl th i ti l d P i h
e, au on s,
I
ar i n on a , a e e ru e ar or . a

l t p d w k w th t B h p d Abb t
,
B b t
a e r on B ou s e , o an , u rn s an ar s

Ch ch C i l i g f m t h D H
ur e M
n m ro e ean ou s e , u s eu
a er

d h ly m
e ri o

f I l dw h bt f
e no a is o s an o s

E d b gh
, ,
an o th en o r e an ere in e a i o
in ur .

c yi g th i H p w i th th m i th i p g i
arr n e r ar s e n e r ere r n a

3
A ly 8 45 p t bl i ght t i g d
s e ar as a or a e e -s r n e ti d f
on s , an d pi d li ght i pl yi g p
ou n ou s e n a n u on

t m tw i
i n s ru en i I l d O as cc n u se n re an n on e o a th m — G i ld C mb i B l E di ti
e ra as a r e n s s, o in s
’
on ,

bb t c i d f th t h i g i dl p 12 8
. .

i
s on an a o ar r e on e o ese a s r e .
158 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

be tta ch e d t h e for e pill a r a n d oth e rs fi n di n g tha t th e i n s tr u m e n t

a -
,

wh e n s o con s tr ucte d with s tood th e t e n s ion of t h e s tr i n gs a dopt e d ,

t h e fo r m which a ft e r w a r d s b e c a m e g e n e r a l Thi s i s con j e ctu r a l ; but .

if it c a n b e a cc e pte d a s p r ob a bl e it m u s t b e a llow e d th a t Ha r p s of a n ,

e a r li e r p e r iod m a y h a v e b e e n t r e a t e d i n a s i m i l a r m a n n e r .

Th e e a rli e s t k n ow n r e p r e s e n t a tion of a Har p with a p r oj e cti n g block

i s a t J e r p oi n t Abb e y K i lk e n n y Th e e x a ct d a te of t h e s culptu r e h a s
, .

n ot b e e n a s c e r t a i n e d but fr om t h e co s tu m e of t h e r e cu m b e n t e ffig i e s
,

a r ch ae ologi s ts h a v e b e e n l e d to suppo s e th a t t h e m o n u m e n t w as c on
s t r uct e d du r i n g t h e e a r ly portio n of t h e fift e e n th c e n tury ; an d a s t h e

Ha r p t h e s culpto r h a d b e fore h i m p r oba bly b e lo n ge d t o O Ba n a h a n ’

who s e e fli gy i s re p r e s e n t e d a n d m a y h a v e b e e n o f con s id e ra bl e a g e wh e n
,

copi e d t h e p r oj e cti n g block m o s t lik e ly c am e i n to u s e b e tw e e n 13 50

,
1

an d 13 8 0 .

EXI STI N G SPE C I M ENS

Scotl an d i s
for tu n a te i n po s s e ssi n g two e xce ption a lly fi n e e x a m pl e s of
t h a Hi g hl a n d Ha r p (Cl a r e s c h a ) v i z t h e L a m o n t Ha r p a n d t h e Ha rp ,
.

k n own a s th a t of Qu e e n M a ry Th e tra di tio n s which a ccou n t for t h e .

,

n a m e s by which th e s e i n s tr u m e n t s a r e k n own h a ve b e e n fully r e ta il e d by ,

Joh n Gu nn i n h i s E n qui r y i n 18 0 7 a n d by t h e l a t e Cha r l e s D B e ll i n , .

18 8 0 t h e i n t e r e s ti n g p a p e r by t h e l a tte r w il l b e fou n d i n t h e P r oc e e d i n g s
of t h e Soci e ty of A n tiqu a r i e s of Scotl a n d vol xv p 10 , . . . .

Both the s e Ha r p s w e re d e po s ite d i n t h e Na tion a l M u s e u m Edi n ,

bu r gh by th e l a t e John Ste wa rt Es q of D a l g u i s e a t t h e ti m e M r
, ,
.
, , .

B e ll s p a p e r w as re a d b e fo r e t h e Soci e ty a n d h a v e b e e n a d m i ra bly ca r e d
’

for e v e r Si n c e By t h e p e r m is s ion of t h e Cou n cil of t h e Soci e ty of

.
2

A n tiqu ar i e s both t h e L a m on t a n d t h e Qu e en M a r y Har p s h a v e b e e n

photogra ph e d for th e pu rpo s e of illustr a ti n g thi s wo rk In a rra n g i n g .

t h e Qu e e n M a r y Ha r p f or th a t pu r po s e t h e w r it e r pl a c e d t h e Har p i n ,

s uch po s itio n s tha t t h e e x a ct fo r m of t h e i n s t r u m e n t m a

y b e s e e n by
tho s e a t a di s tan c e w h o h a ve n o Oppo r tu n ity of e x a m i n i n g t h e o r igi n a l .

Th1 h i f Ste s r ne o Pa t i ck
r
’
s Too th was c on th H p w h i bi t d t S th K
es e ar s e re e x e a ou en s i n t on
g
t ct d b t 13 50 Up th cc i h v th y b vd
. .

s ru e a ou on no o er o as on a e e een re mo e

p ci l p t t f m th M m
,

2
By t h e s e a e r m i s s i on of Mr . S ew a r ro e u s eu .
i f the stri n gs ,
a dopt e d
Fh i s i s c on e c t u ralj ; b ut
ll edwed that Ha rp s of an

ate of th e sculp ture h as

iti to l 9 betwe e n 1 350 1

M fi ne e x a m pl e s of
y
a: fl p
a a nd t h e H a rp .

m i ’
m fi d in gs

WW ,

d m i ra bly
c a re d
a

; 0 4 t h e So c ie t y of
« r t

wa ry Ha rp s ha v e b e e n
M m wo rk In a rran gin g.

“
r rte : pl a ced t he Ha rp i n
imm i n en t m ay be s e e n by
f e x am i n i n g t h e o rigi n a l .

we re ex hi bi t d e at So u th K t
e n s i n g on ;
 THE H I G HL A ND HA R P 159

THE L A M O NT HA R P

Thi s Ha r p a s it i s s uppos e d to b e of s o m e wha t g r e a t e r a n tiquit y

, ,

cl a i m s t h e fi r s t a tt e n tio n O f thi s i n s tr u m e n t a s i s u s u a l a m o n g C e ltic

.
,

s p e ci m e n s t h e box i s fo r m e d out of a solid block of wood an d hollow e d

,

out fr o m b e hi n d s o a s to fo rm t h e s ou n d i n g bo a r d s id e s a n d e n d s Th e -
, .

fo r m i s th a t of a t r un c a t e d t r i an gl e t h e e xt r e m e l e n gth i n fr on t e xclu
, ,

s iv e of t h e p r oj e cti n g block but in cludi n g t h e coll a r i s 3 0 i n an d a t t h e , .

,

ba ck 305 in At t h e upp e r e xt r e m ity a colla r or n e ck r i s e s upon e ith e r

.

s id e a n d a t t h e b a ck s lopi n g i n w a r d s
, t h e h e ight of thi s coll a r i s i i n i n .

fr o n t a n d r a th e r m o r e th a n a i n a t t h e ba ck t h e upp e r t e r m i n a tio n
.
,

b e i n g i n high e r a t t h e ba ck th a n a t th e fr on t In t h e c e n t r e of thi s
. .

coll ar the re i s a d ep r e s s io n m e a s u r i n g a cr o s s 2 i n a n d i n d e pth both at .

, ,

fro n t a n d b a ck a bout 136 i n Thi s d e p r e s s ion e xte n d s towa r d s t h e ba ck

, .
,

an d i n to it t h e e n d of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e w a s pl a c e d Th e coll a r a n d .

t h e d e p r e s s io n a r e bo t h di a go n a l t e r m i n a tio n s of t h e box A c a vity i n to .

,

which t h e t e r m i n a tion of t h e ha rm on ic cu r ve w a s i n s e rt e d occu r s a bout ,

1 i n fr o m t h e fr o n t an d e xt e n d s to a bout
. i n fr o m t h e b a ck Th e lowe r . .

e xt r e m ity of t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d i s a s t ra ight li n e a n d h a s t h e u n u s u a l
-

width of 17 i n h e r e t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d is fla t a n d t h e r e m a i n d e r w as
.
-
,

p r obably fla t o r igin a l ly a l m o s t to t h e upp e r t e rm i n a tio n Th e p r oj e ct .

i n g block i s 4ai n lo n g a n d . i n b r o a d th r oughout t h e co rn e r s a t e ith e r

.
,

s i d e of t h e t e r m i n a tio n b e i n g w e ll r ou n d e d I t m ay b e r e m ar k e d tha t
.
,

fr o m wh e r e t h e p r oj e cti n g block l e a v e s th e box t h e upp e r po r tio n

gr a du a lly s lop e s down wa rd s t h e di ffe r e n c e at t h e te r m i n a tio n be i n g ai n
, .

By givi n g t h e p r oj e cti n g block thi s s l oPe t h e a r t i fi c e r m a y h a v e a n ticip a t e d

t h e cu r v a tu r e a lo n g t h e s tr i n g s which h e m u s t h a v e k n ow n would
,

e v e n tu a lly occu r (s e e Pl a t e Th e d e p re s s ion i n to which t h e for e p i ll a r -

w a s fitt e d i s 4 5i n lon g a n d 1 i n br oa d t h e cavity i n to which th e t e rm i

. .
,

n a tio n of t h e fo r e pill a r w a s s u n k a n d fi r m ly s e cu r e d by th r e e wood e n

-

p e gs i s ai n fr om t h e upp e r e xt re m ity of t h e d e p r e s sion a n d i s a bout

.

i n br oa d
. . At t h e ba ck of t h e p r oj e cti n g block t h e low e r t e r m i n a tio n
i s r ou n d e d off .

Th e r a i s e d s tr i n g ba n d i s 13 i n b r o a d a n d g i n d e e p At t h e low e r
-
.
,
. .

t e r m i n a tion it e n d s i n on e s t e p upon e i t h e r s id e ; he r e t h e width i s

2g in . t h e s t e p s a r e 1% i n fr o m t h e e xtr e m ity of t h e s ou n di n g bo a rd
, .
-
.
16 0 M U SI C A L I N STR U M E NT S

At t h e upp e r t e r m i n a tion t h e s tr i n g b a n d e n d s upon e ith e r s id e i n s e m i -

ci r cul a r curv e s t h e co m m e n c e m e n t of th e cu r v e s b e i n g 2 6 3 i n fr o m
, .

t h e low e r t e r m i n a tio n of t h e sou n di n g bo a r d a n d t h e e n d s 2 6 5i n -

,
.

fr o m t h e low e r e xtr em iti e s of t h e s i de s of t h e box t h e s u mm it of ,

e a ch cu r v e b e i n g 2 7 i n fr om t h e te r m i n a tion of t h e sou n di n g boa r d

.
-
.

Th e s tri n g ban d is pi e rc e d for 3 2 s tr i n g s ; t h e “ s ho e s of t h e s t ri n gs

-
,
”

or gu a rd s with t h e e xc e ptio n of on e a r e a ll i n th e i r pl a c e s
, Tw e n ty , .

s i x of th e s e a re d e s e r vi n g of s p e ci a l n otic e ; th e y ar e i n high r e li e f ,

F IG
we ll w r ought a n d a re of e x
. 1 -
,

c e t i on a l l
p y fi n e fo r m ; th e y a r e
b e li e v e d to b e of br a s s (Fig 1
.

Th e re m a i n i n g fi ve ho r s e s ho e ,
-

for m t e r m i n a t e i n qu a tre ,

foi l s m an y of t h e l e a v e s of which h a v e i n cis e d ci r cl e s ; t w o of th e s e

,

a re a tt a ch e d to t h e thi r ty —fir s t an d thi r ty s e con d str i n g hol e s an d - -

,

thr e e t o t h e fi r s t thre e s t r i n g hol e s F - IG . 11 .

(Fig I L ) Th e upp e r s tr i n g hol e s g ra du

. .
-

a lly a pp r o a ch t h e l e ft s id e of t h e s tr i n g

ba n d s o a s t o a llow t h e st r i n gs to b e
,

m o r e p e r p e n dicul a r th a n th e y oth e r wi s e would b e (s e e Pl a t e I I I No .

, .

Th e l a r g e r “
s ho e s of t h e s tr i n g s b e i n g t oo bro a d a n d u n s uita bl e ”

for t h e th r e e fi r st hol e s t h e ho r s e sho e fo r m h a d t o b e a dopt e d

,
-
.

Th e s ou n di n g boa r d which as a l r e a dy s t a te d w a s m o s t p r ob a bly fla t

-
, ,

thr oughout h a s b e e n r a i s e d a i n by t h e t e n sion of t h e s tr i n g s

, . .

Th e d e pth of t h e str i n g b a n d i s n ot i n clud e d i n thi s m ea s u r e m e n t

- .

Wh e r e thi s co n v e xity occu r s a n a tt e m pt h a s b e e n m a d e t o s tr e n gth e n ,

t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d ; t h e -
s ho e s of t h e s t r i n g s fr o m a n d i n cludi n g t h e ,

e ighth to a n d i n cludi n g t h e tw e n ty s e co n d w e r e r e m ov e d a n d r e pl a c e d -
,

ov e r thr e e pi e c e s of thi n m e ta l Thi s po r tio n of t h e str i n g b an d h a s b e e n .

-

ca r e fully e x a m i n e d a n d th e re do e s n ot a pp ea r t o b e an y cra ck or s plit

,

a lo n g t h e s t ri n
g h ol e s Th e l e n gth o f t h e s t r i n gs i s fi r s t 2 5 in s e co n d
~
. .
, ,

25 in thi r d 2 3 i n thi r ty fi rs t 2 3 g i n t hi r ty s e co n d 2 4ai n I t m ust

.
,
-
.
-
, .
-
, .
,

howe v e r b e r e m e m b e r e d tha t on a ccou n t of th e fr a ctu r e s e t c th e f orm

, , .
,

of t h e i n s tr u m e n t h a s ch an g e d co n side ra bly ; t h e l e n gth of t h e s t r i n g s ,

1
Th e re a d er m ay r e m ar k th t th a l f m pl i tti g l g th t i g h l
e se , a s a so ro s n a on e s r n -
o es . Th e bl ck
o s

m os t f th
o p os e u on th e T i i ty C ll g H p
r n (F i g
o d
e )
e ct l i z ar ,
s . 1 an. II . a re a ua s e.

a re c t ct d
on s ru e so as to p v t th t i g b d
re en e s r n - an
~
ba n d
°

en ds u p on e ith e r s id e in s em i

an d
t hi rty -em d stri n g hole s
-
M ,

Fi a u.

5
“
o x

w 3
r m , i te m be (s ee P M » in N o 1) .
,
.

m t oo b ro ad a n d am e n able

«r 1! r m »? w as m os t

an d th i s meas u rement .

“ r e mov ed an d re pla c e d
m e! t he s t ri n g-ba md h as b e en

1 s eco n d 2 45 in I t m ust
,
. ,

0 fra c tu r es e tc th e form
,
.
,

t h e l e n g th of t h e stri n gs ,
16 2 M U SI C A L I NS TR U M E NT S

to th e stri n g ba n d the n a lo n g both e dg e s of t h e box a n d n o doubt

-
, ,

j oi n e a ch oth e r a t t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity of t h e box which i s n ow cov e re d ,

by th e i r on b an d (s e e Pl a te I I I Nos 1 a n d Al o n g a n d quit e clo s e

.

t o t h e a n gl e s fo r m e d by th e sou n di n g bo a r d s id e s a n d low e r t e r m i n a
-

tion of t h e box th e re ar e s i n gl e li n e s a n d th e re a re si n gl e li n e s
, ,

rou n d e a ch sou n d hol e Alon g t h e l e ft sid e a n d t e rm i n a tion of t h e

-
.

b ox a n d clo s e to t h e e dge s of t h e sou n di n g bo a r d th e r e a r e s i n gl e lin e s

,
-
,
.

I f th e r e w a s a lin e upon t h e right side it h a s b e en worn a wa y but a ,

lin e on th e right s id e of t h e lo w e r te rm i n a tio n of t h e box m ay sti ll

b e s e en . All th e s e li n e s h a v e a pp a r e n tl y b e e n burn e d i n by a hot i r on .

Th e h a r m o n ic curv e of thi s Har p is h e a vy b u t s tr i k in g ; t h e b e a vi

n e ss i s t o a l a r g e e xt e n t d u e t o its n o lo n g e r j oi n i n g t h e b ox a s th e ,

a r t ifi c e r i n t e n de d Th e Highl a n d hu m p a l r e a dy n ot i c e d i s m os t
.

p r on ou n c e d At t h e ba ck a fte r l e a vi n g t h e box t h e h a rm on ic curv e

.

i s a l m ost fi a t th e n s lightly rou n d e d ; thi s curva tu r e gra du a lly

,

di mi n ish e s a n d e n ds a t t h e hu m p wh e r e it b e co m e s s h a r p an d c on
, ,

t i n u e s sh a r p up t o t h e b a s s t e rm i n a tio n Th e a n gl e s of t h e lowe r .

por tio n h a v e b e e n re m ov e d or b e v e ll e d Thi s b e v e lli n g a t p r ese n t c om

.

m e n c e s s o m e wh a t b e hi n d t h e fr o n t of t h e box an d follows a s tr a ight

li n e for i n ; it th e n ta k e s t h e cu r v e d form a n d t e rm i n a t e s a t t h e
.
,

j u n ction of t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e an d fore pill a r Th e width of th e low e r -

.

s id e of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e i s 2 i n ; wh e r e t h e a n gl e s h a v e b e e n r e
.

m ov e d i t i s 1g i h t h e be ve l s b e i n g
.
, i n dee p Above t h e b e v e lli n g . .

t h e s id e s a re fla t t h e d e pth of t h e fla t su r fa c e f or a sho r t di s t a n c e
,

be in g 1 i n whil e a lon g t h e curv e s it i s 1% i n To th e s e flat portion s

.
,
.

F G
I I II F IG W t h e b an ds pi e rc e d for t h e tu n i n g p e gs a r e a tt a ch e d -
.

Th e s e ba n ds a r e of b ras s a n d e a ch m e a s u r e s a lo n g t h e ,

curv e 17 i n an d i s .i n wid e
,
The y ar e str on g a n d . .

w e ll orn a m e n t e d : th a t upo n t h e l e ft s id e h a s a s e r i e s
-

of ov a l s ; fou r of th e s e a t t h e t r e bl e t e r m i n a tio n ar e

bl an k ; e a ch of t h e oth e r s i s pi e r ce d i n t h e c e n tr e for a
T E tun i n g p e g (s ee P l a t e I I I No
-
Upo n t h e r ight s id e a t
.
,
.

t h e t r e bl e e n d wh a t a pp e a rs t o b e S I I I is e n g ra v e d a ft e r which wh a t
1
,

i s k n ow n a s t h e s i m pl e a n g ul a r fr e t is fin e ly e n gra v e d a lon g th e e dg e s
(s e e Pl a t e I II No .
,
Th e s e b a n ds fo r m s i n gl e cu r ve s an d a r e c e r t a i n ly
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 THE HIG HLAND HARP 16 3

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o r n a m en te d h e a d s Upon t h e out s ide t h e fra m e h a s a r op e m oul di n g

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s id e s of t h e p a r a ll e log r a m t h e fo r m i s a ltog e th e r di ffe r e n t He re t h e .

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. .

I t i s p r ob a bl e th a t n ot lon g a fte r t h e Ha r p w a s con s t r uct e d t h e t e n s1on

of th e s tr i n g s b e ga n to d r a w t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e towa rds t h e l e ft a n d ,

to r e s i s t th e s tr a in two b ra s s s tra p s we r e con s tr uct e d The s e w e r e fi rm ly .

a tt a ch e d t o t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e a n d fo r e pill a r e a ch by four n a il s with -

b r oa d a n d r ou n d e d h e a d s Th e e n d s of s o m e of th e s e n a il s w e r e fi rm ly
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16 4 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

cla m p e d upon t h e oppo s it e s id e Th e s e s tra p s a r e 7 3 i n . .

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br oa d i n t h e c e n tr e t a p e r i n g to , i n a t t h e upp e r e n d a n d i i n a t t h e . .

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t h e s id e of th e h a r m o n ic cu r ve upo n both th e r e a pp e a r s to b e a n gul a r fr e t

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th ey a r e e n gra v e d i n di a go n a l li n e s ; the n p a ra ll e l li n e s clos e tog e th e r

c r os s t h e s tra p s B e tw e e n t h e b an d for t h e tu n i n g p e gs a n d t h e low e r
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por tion of t h e ha r m on ic cu r v e t h e o rn a m e n t a tio n upon both is di s ti n ct .

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tha t n e a r e r to t h e t r e bl e a foli a c e ous p a tt e r n E a ch s tr a p h a s s om e s light .

o rn a m e n ta tio n wh e r e it be n d s b e fo re j oi n i n g t h e for e —pill a r a fte r which ,

foli a c e ous p a tt e rn s occu r upon both ; an d i n e a ch c a se t h e t e r m i n a tio n

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portion of t h e i n s tr u me n t Th e d e pth a t t h e co mm e n c e m e n t of t h e
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t h e a p e x of t h e tri a n gul a r s e tti n g l e a n s a bout ; i n tow a r d s t h e l e ft 4

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p eg w a s l a s o u s e es s.
16 6 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

e nl a rge d a n d t h e b a ck of th e fo r e p ill a r w a s fo r c e d fr om t h e har m o n ic

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cu r ve a bout i i n upon t h e r ight s id e a n d s o m e wh a t l e s s upon t h e l e ft

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side .

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t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e i n to which t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity i s i n s e rt e d i s

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35 i n lo n g an d 1 i n wid e ; t h e fo re pill a r a t thi s e xt r e m ity i s i n fr o n t

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3 5i n Th e v e r tic a l d e pth of t h e T a t t h e c e n t re i s
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at 12 i n . .

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of th e fo r e pill a r a n d t h e a ddition i s 3 2 73 i n In fr on t a n d i n t h e c e n tre of

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t h e T fo r m a tio n the r e a r e two co n c e n t r ic ci r cl e s Th e s e m ay n ot be p a r t .

of t h e o r igi n a l o rn a m e n t a tion of t h e Ha r p a s th e y are n ot s how n by ,

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s ub s e qu e n t p e riod t h e tr e bl e t e r m i n a tio n of t h e h a rm o n ic cu r v e w
, as

r e m ov e d fr o m t h e d e p r e s s io n i n t h e upp e r port io n of t h e box a n d a ,

w e dg e s h a p e d p i e c e of wood pl a c e d u n d e r t h e l e ft s id e ; a n d wh e n s o
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a tt a ch e d } thu s c a u s i n g a m ost u n s ightly a lt e r a tio n i n t h e form of t h e

i n s tr u m e n t At p re s e n t t h e ha r m on ic cu r ve i s til te d dow n wa r d s a n d
.

tow a rd s t h e l e ft to s uch a n e xt e n t th a t t h e m e ta l e n r ich m e n t i n pl a ce ,

of b e i n g di re ctly ov e r i s n ow 2 % i n t o t h e l e ft of t h e s tr i n g b a n d
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.

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h a s e n d e a vou re d to giv e a p r ob a bl e r e p r e s e n t a tio n by t ra c i n g po r tio n s of

two s e p ar a t e photog ra phs a n d pl a ci n g the m a s th e y m o s t proba bly we re
,

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we ha m zon ic cu r v a t» w hich th e up per e xtrem ity is i n sert e d , is

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 THE H I G HL A N D HA R P 16 7

b e e n s ubj e ct e d to s hould b e n otic e d So m e fo r m e r po s s e s s or a pp ar e n tly

.
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di s li ki n g t h e a pp e a r a n c e of t h e br ight m e t a l h a d all t h e m ou n ti n g s ,

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.

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coa t e d with p a i n t th a t t h e for m i s s o m e wh a t i n disti n ct a n d e v e n t h e ,

m e ta l u s e d for t h e con struction of t h e l a s t m e n tio n e d i s n owh e r e -

di s ti n gui s h a bl e .
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.

twic e t h e w e ight of t h e Qu e e n M a ry Ha r p it m u s t w e igh s om e wh a t l e s s ,

th an 2 4lb s Th e Har p i s a r ich m a hogan y colou r a n d h a s p er h a p s b e e n

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s ta i n e d. Th e box w e r e it n ot wor m e a t e n would n ow b e s er vic e a bl e

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pl an e tr e e .

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s o m e s t a t e m e n t s th a t m a
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s uppo s e d th a t t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e ( which as a lre a dy s t a t e d l e a n s s o , ,

m uch tow ar d s t h e l e ft th at t h e m e t a l e n r ich m e n t i s 2 3 i n t o t h e l e ft -

.

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of t h e s tr i n g b an d ) w a s s o a r r an g e d i n o r d e r to l e a v e a gr e a t e r op e n i n g
-

for t h e voic e of t h e p e r fo r m e r to e xt e n d m o r e fr e e ly i n a l l di r e ctio n s to , ,

his a udi en c e a n d th a t it m ight b e ob s tr ucte d a s littl e a s po s s ibl e by t h e

,

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fr o n t a rm of t h e in s tr u m e n t I Se con dly M r Gu n n fa il e d to n otic e t h e
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.

s e r iou s c ra ck i n t h e ha rm on ic cu r v e which r e n d e r e d th e fir st a n d p e r h a p s
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or igin a l ly be e n in t e n d e d to b e s tr u n g with 30 s tr i n gs o n ly An d l a s tly .

,

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.

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s ho e s of t h e s t r i n g s of t h e hor s e —s ho e fo rm a n d th a t th e s e with t h e ,

e xc e ptio n of fi ve h a d b e e n wo r n out a n d h a d b e e n r e pl a c e d by oth e r s of

a diffe r en t fo r m wh e r e as tho s e of t h e hor s e —s ho e form w e r e pl a c e d ov e r

“ ”
t h e fi rs t thr e e hol e s a s t h e oth e r s ho e s of t h e s t r i n g s
,
on a ccou n t of ,

th e ir s ize could n ot b e u s e d ; a n d tho s e ov e r t h e 3 1s t a n d 3 2 n d str i n g

,

hol e s w e r e pl a ce d th e re p r ob a bly be c a u s e a s u fli c i e n t n u m b e r of t h e
l arg e r a n d fin e r form h a d n ot b e e n obta i n e d fr om t h e a r t i fic er .

Two illu s tr a tion s of thi s Ha r p m ay b e fou n d i n An En qui r y e t c by , .

,

M r Be
. ll t t th t th y
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John Gu n n Th e r e a r e a l s o illus tr a tio n s i n t h e P r oc e e di n g s of t h e Soci e ty

.

of A n tiqu ar i e s ; i n M u s ic a l I n st r u m e n t s by Hipki n s a n d Gibb ; i n ,

D r u mm o n d s Scotti s h W e a po n s ; a n d i n t h e Book of t h e T r u e High

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l a n d e r In t h e l a st m e n tion e d t h e Ha rp i s r e p r e s e n te d with a highly

.
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o r n am e n t e d a n d i mp r ob a bl e for e pill a r -
.

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THE Q U E E N M A RY HAR P

Th e box of thi s i n s t r u m e n t which i s i n t h e fo r m of a tr u n c a t e d ,

tri a n gl e cu r ve d a t e ithe r s id e a t t h e upp e r e xtr e m ity an d at t h e ba ck

, , , ,

i s hollow e d ou t of a s olid pi e c e of wood At t h e low e r e xt r e m ity t h e .

box te rm i n a t e s upon e ith e r s id e of t h e p r oj e cti n g block i n s t r a ight

li n e s . Th e r a is e d st r i n g —b a n d e n d s upon e ith e r s id e a t th e upp e r
e xt r e m ity i n s e m ici r cul a r curv e s ; t h e width of t h e upp e r po r tio n of

t h e s t r i n g b a n d i s 1377 i n -
whil e at t h e low e r te rm i n a tion it is.
, in .
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t h e d e pth th r oughout b e i n g in At t h e low e r e xtr e m ity it is without .

s t e ps a n d i s th e co m m e n c e m e n t of t h e proj e cti n g block

, Th e str i n g .

b a n d i s pi e r c e d with tw e n ty n i n e s tr i n g hol e s All but two of t h e s ho e s - -

.

of t h e s t r i n gs a r e i n th e i r pl a c e s Th e y a r e of thre e v a r i e ti e s t wo .
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b e i n g s i m ply ho r s e s ho e i n fo r m with fl a tt e n e d t e r m i n a tion s pi e r ce d f or

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n a il s
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t e e n of a s tr o n g e r m a k e ,

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ban d t h e t e r mi n a tion of t h e box i s cu r ve d upon e ith e r s id e a n d s lightly

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i n g bo a r d i n fa ct h a s t h e fo r m of an obtu s e a n gl e
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a tr u n c a t e d
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fi At t h e low e r e xtr e m ity t h e

h ol l owe d ou t of a s oli d piec
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TH E Q UEE N M AR Y HA R P Pl a re l
17 0 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

a di a go n a l i n cli n a tion Withi n thi s ov a l sp a c e th e r e is a d e p r e s s io n i n to

.
‘

which t h e e n d of t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e is pl a c e d Th e d e pth of thi s d e p re s .

s io n n e a r t h e fr o n t i s $75i n a n d n e a r t h e b a ck a bout
ai n Th e l e n gth of .
, .

t h e b a ck of t h e box m e a su r e d a lo n g t h e cu r v e fo rm e d by t h e b a c k of t h e
should e r s i s 2 7 % i h but i n a s t ra ight li n e it is 2 7 i n Th e bo a rd closi n g
.
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.

t h e c a vity a t t h e ba ck r e c e iv e d fr o m t h e a r t i fi ce r a s m uch a tt e n tio n a s t h e

othe r por tion s of t h e box At t h e upp e r e xtre m ity it i s ba ttl e m e n te d i n .

fo rm (s e e Pl a t e V I I No
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t h e box po r tio n b e i n g u n d e r cut t h e bo a r d
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fe w p e gs or n a il s at t h e low e r t e r m i n a tio n wh e re a s w e ll a s a t t h e sid e s ,

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.
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con ve x a t t h e lo we r t e rm i n a tio n (s e e P l a t e Thi s cu r va tu r e h as

e vid e n tly n ot b e e n c a u s e d by fr ictio n At t h e sid e s of t h e box t h e .

thick n e s s i s s i h a n d i n t ern a lly th e d e pth at t h e c e n tr e i s as i n an d

.
, .

a t t h e low e r t e r m i n a tio n ih th e th i ck n e s s a t t h e low e r e xtre mi ty .

b e i n g 1% i n I f th e r e i s a s t r e n gth e n i n g ton gu e it can n ot b e of a n y

.

con s ide r a bl e l e n gth F r om t h e t e rm in a tion of t h e p r oj e cti n g block t o

.

t h e upp e r e xt r e m ity of t h e box t h e l e n gth i s 2 85 in Th e s id e s of t h e .

box of thi s Ha r p ar e m uch wo rn by t h e fr ictio n of t h e h an d s a n d w r ist s

of t h e p e r form e rs .

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3

t h e box t h e s e ct i o n is ov a l th e n it is p e ar s h a p e d an d fu r th e r on t h e ,
-
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upp e r por tio n b e com e s n e a rly s h a r p He r e th e r e i s a m o s t gra c e ful .

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,

t h e upp e r portio n co n ti n u e s Alo n g th e sid e s a n d foll owin g t h e cu r ve s .

th e re is a d e lic a t e ly c a r v e d b e a d At som e di s ta n c e fr om t h e j un ctio n .

of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e an d b ox thi s h e a d t a k e s a dow n w a r d cu r v e an d i s

con ti n u e d u n d e rn e a th wh e re t h e b e a d s on e ith e r s id e m e e t t h e j u n ctio n

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, .
,

a lo n g t h e curv e Th e s id e s of t h e h a rm o n ic cu r v e b e low t h e b e a d s
.

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.
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1 l gth f th i di g l i cli ti i 3 g mi ci c l t mi t i
Th e en o s a f th
on a n n a on s se r u ar er na on s o e d ti g
ra i s e s r n

i
a. gl f m d by i w i th m
Th e an e or m t b d
e t, e as ur e en s, an .

m y b
a p t h i ll t ti P l t
e seen u on e Th c ct f m W 11 b
u s ra on , a e V .
3
e orr e or 1 e s een f m th
ro e

ph t g v pl t Th d g o o ra u re a es e i a ra ms (P l t V
a e ) II I

Th h i g h t p t i b i g 2 3g i f m bbi g d t ci g i t d d
. .

2 e es d th
or on s e n n , an e a re ro ru n s an ra n s , a n d a re n en e

l w t p ti 2 2 5 i f m t h l h w th m t t p i bl
.

o es or on d f th
73
t
n ro d e ow e r e n o e o s o e or n a en a i on an as fa r as os s e

t mi t i c p d i g w i th t h t h ct pl c h i t cc
,
.

box th
; e er na on s or r e s on n e e exa a e w e re o u rs .
 THE H I G HL A ND HA R P 17 1

pl a ce d Th e y a re thi n a n d a r e a tta ch e d by a n u n u s u a l n u m b e r of
.

s m a ll n a il s th e re b e i n g s ixt e e n hol e s a bov e a n d s e v e n t e e n a n d e ight e e n

,

b e low The s e b a n d s for m s i n gl e cu r v e s an d m e a s u r e a lo n g t h e cu r v e s

.
,

13 5 in an d a r e
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n wid e Th e y h a v e for o r n a m e n t two p a r a ll e l
. .

i n ci s e d li n e s r u n n i n g a bove a n d be low t h e tu n i n g p e g s an d r ou n d t h e -

tr e bl e a n d ba s s t e r m i n a tio n s B e low th e s e m e ta l ba n ds t h e s ur fa c e of .

t h e wood h a s b e e n s lightly r e m ov e d a lthough t h e fla t fo r m i s s till c on ,

ti n n e d Un d e rn e a th fr om t h e
. to n e a r t h e b a s s th e h a r m on ic curve i s
, ,

co n v e x thi s cu r v a tu r e g r a du a lly di m i n i s h e s a n d t h e s u r fa c e e ve n tu a lly ,

b e co m e s fla t Tow a r d s t h e t e r m i n a tio n th e r e i s a d e p r e s s ion 3% i n lon g

. .
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1% i n wid e i n fr o n t a n d 1& i n wid e a t t h e b a ck a n d 35

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r e c e ptio n of t h e fo r e pill ar Th e t er m i n a tion of t h e h ar m on ic cu r ve a t t h e

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.
1

ba s s i s i n fo r m a p a ra l l e log ra m s urm ou n t e d by a n a cut e a n gl e which i s ,

t h e s e ctio n a l fo r m b e t w e e n t h e b a s s a n d t h e Highl a n d hu m p Th e b ras s .

tu n i n g p eg s a r e u n lik e tho s e upo n oth e r e x a m pl e s Th e y a r e a bout 3 i n

-
. .

i n l e n gth ; t h e di a m e t e r of t h e ci r cul a r po r tio n i s a t t h e s tr i n g e n d m or e

tha n g i n a n d a t t h e thicke s t e n d i i n Som e n ot all ha v e two ci r cl e s
.
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i n ci s e d a bout 3 i n fr o m t h e tu n i n g e n d Th e s e ctio n of th e po r tion s

. .

m a d e to fit t h e tu n i n g k e y will b e fou n d i n e v e ry c a s e to b e oblo n g -

.

M a n y of t h e oblo n g t e rm i n a tio n s h a v e doubl e li n e s c r o s s i n g e a ch oth e r ,

thu s for m i n g fou r c r o s s e s whil e e a ch of t h e o r igi n a l tu n i n g p e g s F m ,

-
. IV .

h a s a s i n gl e cr o s s i n ci s e d upo n t h e t e r m i n a tio n of t h e s t r i n g . fi @
e n d (Fig IV
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p e g of
-
,

i r o n w as a dd e d b e n e a th t h e p e g b an d I t m a y b e r e m a rk e d th a t t h e -
.

te r m i n a tion upo n t h e tu n i n g e n d i s i n thi s c a s e s qu a r e a n d a s it di d ,

n ot fit t h e k e
y it i s m uch wo rn H e r e upo n t h e t e r m i n a tio n th e re .

ar e two i n ci s e d li n e s fr om th e a n gl e s which fo r m a c r os s p e rh a p s ,

a dd e d f or u n ifo r m ity Th e s t r i n g e n d of thi s p e g is s plit . Th e s ho r t e s t .

2

s tr i n g m e a s ure s 3 i n t h e tw e n ty n in th s t r i n g i s i n t h e thi r ti e th
.
,
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.
,

or a dditio n a l s t r i n g 2 4 45 i n
16 .

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on Pe s w S er na on s a e

h ch th d f h f p ll i i t d A
.

w i e en o t e ore - i ar s n ser e s s een p W l h d F ch H p

u on e s an r en ar s.

V i bl t h di m hv tb
.

i t is n ot is e, e e n s i on s a e no een B d t h dd t l p g f d t th
esi es e a i i on a e r e e rre o, ere are

c ti d
as er a n e . oth f i w h i ch w m t p b bly p
ers o r on er e os ro a su

Th it2
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e G d El i Th
e s s rs f un n an ou s re e o

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. .

i an ar s u on w e s so or e ar e o es e a e o es or s r n s, an ve a e s

b f d Th
e d c b d i c t ly l t
ou n . e on e es ri e s er a i n a a e t mi t
er n a i on s .
 17 2 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NT S

Th e fo r e pill a r i s -
k a bl e At e ith e r e xtr e m ity of t h e T
m os t rem ar .

’
for m a tio n th e r e a re be a utifully e x e cut e d r e p r e s e n ta tion s of r e ptil e s
h e a d s Both of th e s e s how wh a t m ay b e ca ll e d p r otr udi n g lip s s om e
.

wh a t poi n t e d i n fr o n t fr om which t h e lip s gr a du a lly di m i n i s h i n width

, ,

t h e s e ctio n s for s o m e dis t a n c e b e i n g m o r e or l e s s co n c a v e Th e y .

be com e fla t w h e n c a rr i e d a lo n g t h e b a ck of t h e Tfo r m a tion (s e e Pl a t e

Thi s fla t r ibbo n will b e h e r e a fte r n otice d wh e n t h e d e cora tio n i s
d e s c r ibe d Wha t m a y be c a ll e d t h e s n out s a r e i n both c a s e s a bov e
.

t h e lip s The s e which a re a l s o poi n t e d i n fr o n t ar e c a r r i e d a lo n g

.
, ,

e ith e r s id e of t h e h e a d s an d en d in poi n t s a t th e b a ck of t h e e y e s
,
.

Th e s e ctio n s of th e s e p a r ts a r e a l s o m o r e or l e s s con ca v e Alon g t h e .

c e n t r e of t h e upp e r po r tio n of t h e h e a d s (which a re slightly cu r v e d

a lo n g t h e p r ofil e
) th e re a r e fla tt e n e d b e a d s a n d upon e ith e r s id e ar e ,

eye s t h e b a ll s of which are m o s t pro m i n e n t a n d h a v e d e e p m a r k s i n

,

t h e c e n tr e Abov e a n d a t t h e b a ck of t h e e y e s t h e sp a c e s a r e con c a v e
. .

F or r e p r e s e n ta tio n s of th e s e h e a ds a ctu a l s iz e s e e Pl a t e I V , ,

F r o m t h e p r oj e cti n g block to t h e r e ptil e s h e a d the r e i s a fla tt e n e d ’

b e a d a lo n g t h e c e n tr e n e a r t o t h e p r oj e cti n g block th e s e por tion s s lop e

s lightly fr o m t h e b e a d to t h e s id e s
’
whil e n e a r to t h e r e ptil e s h e a d ,

th e y cu r v e con s id e ra bly upon e ith e r s id e of t h e b e a d a n d h e r e th e ,

e dg e s will b e fou n d to b e r ou n d e d off p r ob a bly by t h e fr ictio n c a u s e d by ,

t h e h a n d wh e n m ovi n g t h e i n st r u m e n t F r o m t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e to .

t h e oth e r r e pt i l e s h e a d th e r e i s a l s o a fl a tt e n e d b e a d a lo n g t h e c e n t r e ;
’

n e a r to t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e thi s po r tio n of t h e fo r e p i ll ar i s v e r y s lightly -

con v e x ; n e a r to t h e r e ptil e s h e a d it s lop e s con s id e ra bly fr om t h e b e a d

’

to t h e s id e s whil e a t t h e c e n t r e it is fla t Thi s por tio n of t h e pill a r h a s

,
.

n ot b e e n s ubj e ct e d t o m uch fr ictio n a n d i s littl e wo rn Th e Tfo r m a tion 1

, .

is c u r ve d i n fr on t a n d a t t h e s id e s s o t h e t e rm fla n g e c a n n ot b e us e d ,

wh e n d e s c r ibi n g t h e b a ck Alo n g t h e c e n tr e of t h e T fo rm a tio n th e r e

.

i s a fl a tt en e d b e a d which will b e h e r e aft e r n otic e d

,
At p r e s e n t t h e a r e .
,

for m e d by t h e b a ck of t h e fore pilla r i s a t i t s high e st 41?1 i n fr om th e -

.

pl an e Th e b a ck of t h e for e pill a r i s con c a v e a cr o s s i t s e n ti r e l e n gth

.
-
.

Th e out s id e cu r ve m e a s u r e s 3 0 i n t h e i n s id e cu r v e 2 43 , or in .
, .

I t is cl e a r tha t whil e t h e wor k of th e for e pil l a r w a s i n p r ogre ss a -

1
Mr ll c ld t h v b
Be ou no a e een a w ar e of th e o bj ct
e of th e T f or t
ma i on w h en he f
r e err e dt o it
c v t h ld f t h h d
.

”
as a on en i en o or e an 1
 At e ithe r e xtre mity of th e T
’

cd r‘

e pr e s e n t a tio n s of r e ptil e s

be c a ll e d protrudi n g lip s s o m e

ip s g ra d u a ll y di m i n i s h i n width ,

m o r e or l e s s co n c av e Th e y .

)f t h e Tforma tio n (s ee P la t e
Dt i ce d wh e n t h e d e cor a t i o n i s

me n ts a re i n both c as e s a b oVe
t ed i n fr o n t a r e ca rri e d al o n g
,

oi t t t h b c k of t h e e ye s
p n s a e a .

l ss co c v Alo n g the
W o r e n a e .

sid e o f t h e he ad , an d h e re th e

rob is hl v h e t h e fr ictio n c au sed by

F ro m t he h a rmon ic cu r v e t o
fla t te n e d tmi d a lo n g the c e n tre ;
i

of t h e fe w 7 illa r is v e ry slightly
c i d b l f m t h e hea d
l op es o n s e y rar o

t Thi s p o rt i n g of th e pi r ha s
“ .
l l— a
.

Th e Tfl m art ia n
]
l is l i t tl e w orn .

t he t ri fl a n e can n o t b e us ed
e n g
cen tr e of t h e T fo r m a t i o n th e r e

its? n otice d At presen t t h e a re

. ,

5 at i t s high es t
.
i n fro m t h e .

c onc a v e a cro ss its e n tir e l e gth

n .

i n s i d e curv e 2 4 2 or 2 4 } i n 7 .

t he fore pill a r w as i n progr e ss a

-

m t a th e T f or t
ma i on w h en he f
r e err e dt o it
 17 4 M U S I C A L I NSTR U M E NTS

ci r cula r t e rm i n a tion s of t h e s id e s a r e wha t m a y b e c a ll e d t h e s hould e r s

t h e d e s ig n s upo n both s hould e r s a r e t h e s a m e doubl e li n e s co n n e cti n g ,

s e m i ci r cl e s withi n which a r e s m all si n gl e circl e s Th e upp e r portion s of .

th e s e e xt e n d r ou n d t h e b a ck a n d a re s how n by bu rn e d li n e s (s e e Pl a t e V I
,
.

Th e low e r e n d of t h e box is a lso o rn a m e n t e d i n burn e d doubl e li n e s ,

curv e s e t c b e s id e s which th e r e h a s e vid e n tly b e e n a s u r r ou n di n g li n e

, .
,

n e a r to t h e a n gl e s fo r m e d by t h e s ou n di n g bo a r d s id e s an d b a ck t h e -
,

fi r st m e n tio n e d b e i n g still vi s ibl e (s e e Pl a t e Th e b a ck a por tion of ,

t h e Ha r p which p r ob a bly a s a r ul e r e c e iv e d but s c an t a tt e n tio n w a s n o ,

dou bt a l s o l ar ge ly d e cor a te d i n a s i mil a r m an n e r St ra ight li n e s a n d .

two s m a ll ci r cl e s with doubl e s e m ici r cl e s a r e still vi s ibl e a t e ith e r s id e ,

t h e c e n tr e s of both of t h e l a tt e r b e i n g 93 i h fr o m t h e low e r t e r m i n a 4
.

tio n of t h e box (s e e Pl a t e Th e p r oj e cti n g block w a s ca r v e d to

rep re s en t t h e h e a d of a hou n d fa ci n g dow n wa r d s ; t h e fa lli n g e a r s
upon e ith e r s id e a r e i n r e li e f ; a por tio n of on e e y e s hown by i n ci s e d ,

li n e s i s s till vi s ibl e upo n t h e right s id e a n d t h e op e n m outh a n d t e e th

'

, ,

s hown i n r e li e f a n d by i n ci s e d li n e s a r e di s ti n ct upo n both s id e s of t h e ,

block (s e e Pl a te
Ru n n i n g a lo n g t h e low e r e dg e s of t h e sid e s of t h e h a rm o n ic cu r v e ,

fr o m t h e b e a d to t h e ba s s t e r m i n a tion th e r e a r e i n ci s e d li n e s Th e s e ,
.

w e r e c a r ri e d a lon g t h e e dg e of th e t e rm i n a tion Th e r e a r e a l s o i n ci s e d .

li n e s upo n e ith e r s id e a lon g a n d clo s e to t h e e dg e of t h e upp er po r tio n

, ,

fro m t h e ba s s te r m i n a tio n to t h e hu m p Th e s e w e r e a l s o c a r r i e d a lo n g .

t h e s id e s of t h e t e r m i n a tio n .

Th e d e co r a tio n s upo n t h e s id e s of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e a r e a ltog e th e r

s how n b an d ci r cl e s ; e y a r e t h e s a m e upo n
’l
y bu rn e d li n e s cu r ve s th , ,

both s id e s e xc e pti n g t h e po r t ion s b e low t h e m e t a l b an d s for t h e

,

tu n i n g p eg s wh e r e the y a r e di s s i m il a r
-
,
Upon t h e l e ft sp r i n gi n g fr om .
,

t h e i n ci s e d li n e th e r e a r e thi r t e e n s i n gl e s e m ici r cl e s which a re i n t e rs e cte d

,

by thirt e e n oth e r s thus for m i n g a n a r ca d e of tw e n ty s e v e n Gothic a rch e s

,
-

whil e upo n t h e r ight doubl e li n e s con n e cti n g s e m ici r cl e s e t c occu r

, ,
.
,

be tw e e n t h e i n ci s e d li n e a n d t h e m e t a l ba n d th r ough which t h e tu n i n g
1
As ghtly pi c f m t l h b
an u n si ld e e o e a as e e n n ai e in c m pl t ci cl l gi i d i m t w i th m ll
o e e r es, n n a e er , a s a

t h b ck f t h b t d i l g ci cl i t h c t f ch Th t m t f
.

to e a od e ox an ex en s n a on r e n e en re o ea e ou er os o

h m i c c v c v i g p t i f th c c t i c ci cl b t 2 i p t
. .

th e ar on ur e, o er n a or on o e th e on en r r es ar e a ou n a ar

m t t ct t m ti Th y m y b m i ci cl j i d by li b t th i
. .

or n a enth a i on f th e ex a er i n a on o e e a e se r es o ne n e s, u s

d ig i t v i i bl b t b t i i f m th b
,

es n s no s e u a ou n ro e ox i
s un c t i ( Pl t V )
er a n see a e I II.

p i th i d tw c c t i c b t
.

m y b
a e s ee n u on e er s e o on en r u
.h e sa m e dou bl e l i n e s con ne ctin g
,

ci cl T h upp r portio n s of
gl e r e s . e e

o w n by b u r n e d -
li n e s ( s e e P l a t e VI _.

i ame n t ed i n bur n e d d o u bl e li n es ,

e vid e n tly b e e n a surrou n d i n g li ne

b d sid s d b ck t h e
u n di n g o a r e a n a ,

T h b c k portio n of
Pl a t e e a ,
a
,

>e i ved but s c a n t a tt e n tio n ,

w as n o

S tr ight L i es an d
Li le t m a n n e r . a n

b e a r e s t ill visibl e a t e ith e r s id e ,

o m h low r t r m i a
g 93 i n f r t e e e n
ri .

oj ti block w a s c a rv e d t o
te p r ec n g
mg dow n w a r ds ; t h e
.
fa ll i ng e ar
s ,

of show b i n ci s ed
ti o n o n e e v e ,
n .

y '

d t h m outh a n d te et h
h a n e o
p e n ,

“ di s ti n ct u o n both sid e s of th e
r .
p
 TH E H I G HL A N D HA R P 17 5

p e g s p a s s Th e fr o n t of t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e a t t h e b a ss h a s upo n t h e outs id e
.

i n cis e d li n e s withi n which a r e li n e s s e m ici r cl es a n d s m a ll ci r cl e s bu rn e d

, , ,

(s e e P l a te B e n e a th t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e a n d b e tw e e n t h e for m e d ,

by t h e b e a d s a l r e a dy r e fe r r e d to a n d t h e j u n ctio n of t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e
a n d fo r e pill a r th e r e i s a d e lic a t e ly c ar v e d m ouldi n g
-
,
s t i ll as s h a r p a s ,

wh e n it l e ft t h e ha n d s of t h e a r t i fi c e r a n d it m ay be r e m a r k e d th a t thi s ,

m ouldi n g h a s a s e m ici r cul a r t e r m i n a tio n (s e e Pl a t e VIII ) .

Th e fo r e pill a r i s m os t b e a utifully d e cor a t e d ; ca r vi n g i n r e li e f

-
,

i n ci s e d li n e s a n d e n g ra v e d wo r k touch e d u p h e r e a n d th e r e by a fi n e l y
, ,

poi n t e d hot i r on a n d e n r ich e d by st a i n i n g a r e us e d with gr e a t ,

s kill . Upo n t h e r ight s id e th e r e i s a foli a c e ou s a n d tr e foil p a tt e rn ;

the n withi n a ci r cl e s u r m ou n te d by p ell e t s a two l e gg e d r e ptil e with
, ,
-

uptu r n e d h e a d i s r e p r e s e n t e d with a fi s h i n i t s j a w s a n d a bov e a hor s e ,

lik e a n i m a l with i t s r ight for e l e g a n d hoof r a i s e d to i t s m outh Alo n g .

t h e s id e a t th e b a ck of t h e T for m a tio n th e r e i s a foli a c e ou s p a tt e r n

, ,

e n di n g i n i n te r l a c e d s t e m s a n d l e a v es a bov e which withi n a ci r cl e , ,

s u r r ou n d e d by p e ll e t s th e r e i s a fi n e r e p r e s e n t a tio n of a lio n s t a n di n g
,

upo n th re e l e g s with t h e l e ft for e l e g ra i s e d i n fr o n t He r e t h e c e n t r e .

h a s b e e n hollowe d out a pp a r e n tly to r e c e iv e t h e s e tti n g for a g e m

,
.

Abov e t h e ci r cl e the re i s a foli a ce ou s d e s ig n (s e e Pl a t e Upo n t h e

l e ft s id e n e ar to t h e p r oj e cti n g block th e r e i s a foli a c e ou s an d t r e foil
, ,

d e s ig n th e n a ci r cl e su rr oun d e d by p e ll e t s withi n which i s r e p r e s e n t e d ,

a wi n g e d d r a go n e s qu e bip e d with a t r ipl e t a il Alo n g thi s s id e a t .

,

t h e b a ck of t h e T fo r m a tio n th e r e i s a foli a c e ou s d e s ig n di ffe ri n g fr o m

,

t h e on e upo n t h e r ight s id e ; a n d a bov e withi n a ci r cl e s u rr ou n d e d ,

1
by p e l l e t s i s r e p r e s e n t e d a c r e a tu r e w ith a h e a d lik e a bi r d fou r
, ,

cl a w e d fe e t wi n gs a n d a l a rge ta il a n d a bove a foli a c e ou s de s ig n (s e e

, , ,

Pl a t e I X .

Th e c re a tur e s r e p r e s e n te d withi n t h e circl e s s u rr ou n d e d by p e ll e ts

a r e a d m i r a bly d r a w n Th e re a d e r m a y r e m a r k th a t a cr o s s occu r s upo n
.

both s id e s of t h e fo r e p i ll a r a n d th a t th e s e c r o s s e s do n ot quit e h a r
-
,

mon i s e with t h e d e s ig n s (s e e Pl a t e a l s o th a t t h e l e tt e rs
“
D O .
”

’
occu r fou r ti m e s th a t i s b e hi n d t h e e y e s of e a ch of t h e re ptil e s h e a d s
, , .

Th e fr on t of t h e for e pill a r b e low t h e Tfor m a tio n i s divide d by a fla tte n e d

-

1 Th e p ll t
e e s a re n ot in re li fe In ea ch c as e
2 Th e t erm i n a ti on s of th e T f or m a ti on ar e

th y h w by b d li dc t d
.

e are s o n u rn e n es . in i a e .
17 6 M U SI C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

b e a d a n d upon e ithe r s id e th e r e i s i n ci s e d a n d li n e i n t e rl a c e d or n a m e n t a
,

tion B e tw e e n t h e T for m a tion a n d t h e h a r m on ic cur v e w e a lso fi n d th e

.

fla tt e n e d b e a d with a foli a ce ou s d e s ign s hown by i n cise d a n d li n e orn a

m e n t a tion Th e o rn a m e n t a tion of t h e T fo r m a tion i s for t h e m o s t p ar t
.
, ,

i n r e li e f a n d i s e xc e ptio n a ll y fi n e
,
Th e lips of t h e h e a ds of t h e r e ptil e s.

fa ci n g t h e p r oj e cti n g block e n d upon e ith e r s id e i n b an d s or ribbon s ,

which a r e con ti n u e d a lon g t h e b a ck of t h e T fo r m a tion Four an d a .

ha lf i n ch e s fr om t h e co mm e n c e m e n t of t h e lip th e re ar e fou r d e e ply e n

g ra v e d li n e s upon t h e r ight a n d thr e e upon t h e l e ft ; t h e r ibbon s ta k e a n
upw a r d cu r v e a n d a r e t h e comm en c e m en t of t h e i n t e r l a c e d p a tt e r n s
, .

Th e lip of t h e upp e r h e a d i s tr e a t e d i n a s i m il a r m a n n e r t h e b a n d s or ,

r ibbo n s i n thi s c as e h a vi n g two i n ci s e d li n e s on e up o n e ith e r sid e Th e , .

d e s ign s of t h e lowe r a n d upp e r portion s upo n t h e T form a tio n ar e

d iffe r e n t Alo n g t h e outs id e of t h e s n outs a r e a se r i e s of i n v e rte d a n d
.

obliqu e s e m ici r cl e s Th e e y e ba ll s a r e s u rr ou n d e d by doubl e i n ci s e d li n e s

.
,

b e twe e n which the r e i s a s e r i e s of i n v e rte d s em ici r cl e s fr om t h e out e r

li n e s Th e b e a d s r u n n i n g a lo n g t h e c e n tr e of t h e r e ptil e s h e a ds ha ve
.
’

s e m ici r cl e s upo n e ith e r s id e A fla tt e n e d b e a d .

i s c a rr i e d a lo n g t h e fr o n t of t h e T an d divid e s
th e o rn a m e n t a tio n Thi s b an d b e com e s wid e r .

a s it a pp r o a ch e s t h e c e n t r e an d h as an i n ci s e d ,

i n t e r l a c e d qu a d r upl e r ibbo n p a tt e rn He r e th e re .

IG . V
1
w e r e six s ilv e r bo s s e s four of which r e m a i n , .

Fro m t h e fla tt e n e d b e a d s t e m s b ra n ch upon
e ith e r s id e t e r m i n a ti n g i n ci r cl e s i n r e li e f ; th e s e
,

ci rcl e s h a v e i n ci s e d a n d li n e o rn a m e n ta tion
Fig an d on e h a s an i n t e r l a c e d p a tt e r n a n d v e r y d e lic a t e li n e
( s V . .

wo r k Th e b a ck of t h e for e pill ar h as fi n e ly d e s ign e d i n te r l a c e d

.
2
.
-

p a tt er n s shown by i n ci s e d a n d d e lica te li n e s e n r ich e d by s t a in i n g (s e e

,

Pl a te
In t h e fo r e goi n g d e s c r iptio n t h e w r it e r h a s s i m ply i n dic a t e d t h e
m a n n e r i n which t h e v a r iou s d e s ig n s h a v e b e e n e x e cut e d Th e illustra .

tio n s a r e fr o m r ubbi n g s a n d g e l a ti n e t ra ci n gs ; th e y a r e to sc a l e a n d ,

h a v e b e en com p a r e d with t h e o r igi n a l o rn a m e n t a tio n .

1
At ei th er en d th h l Th
er e are o es e se m ay w er e n ot f orb os s e s

bl ck i ll t ti ct l i z
.

hv b i l W th k b th y pp tly
.

a e ee n f or n a s i no s ; e a ar e n
2 Th e o u s ra on s a re a ua s e.
 THE H I G H L A ND HA R P 17 7

ch a pt e r upo n t h e I r i s h Ha r p t h e w r it e r h a s s ta t e d th a t t h e fo r e
I n th e ,

pill a r w as occ a s io n a lly s hor t e n e d by t h e t e n s ion of t h e s tr i n gs a n d t h e ,

for e pill ar of t h e Qu e e n M a r y Ha r p h a s u n doubte dly b e e n s o s hort e n e d

-
.

I f t h e r e a d e r e x a m i n e s Pl a t e s I I a n d I I I h e will s e e th a t th e fo re pill ar . .
-

n o lo n g e r fi t s t h e d e p r e s s io n m a d e i n t h e box a n d p r oj e cti n g block for

i t s r e c e ptio n an d th a t t h e b a ck of t h e fo r e pill a r r i s e s
,
i n a bov e t h e -
.

d e p r e s s io n ; thi s m e as u r e m e n t a pp e a r e d to t h e w r it e r to r e pr e s e n t t h e
s ho r t e n i n g of t h e fo r e pill a r -
1
.

O n a ccou n t of a s light cu r v a tu r e of t h e fo r e pill a r to t h e l e ft t h e -

,

r ight s id e i s s o m e wh a t t h e lo n g e r of t h e two Th e w r ite r con s e qu e n tly .

a cc e pt s 2 4 s i n t h e m e a s u r e m e n t of t h e l e n gth a lo n g t h e cu r v e o
.
, f th f
e le t

si d e a s ,
m o s t p r ob a bly co r r e ct Th e l e n gth a lo n g t h e pl a n e i s 2 2 1
7; i n . .

with g i n a dd e d to e ith e r s id e it i s 2 2 73 i n An a r e t h e c e n tr e of which

.
1
.
,

i s 17 — 3 i n fr o m e ith e r e xt r e m ity
. wil l b e fou n d t o m e a s u r e a lo n g t h e ,

cu r ve 2 4% i n a n d to r i s e 4I 33 i n fr o m t h e pl a n e I t i s p r ob a bl e th a t
.
,
'
. .

thi s w a s t h e o r igi n a l cu r v e of t h e fo re pill a r a n d th a t t h e s hort e n i n g -

,

occu r re d m o r e tow a r ds t h e low e r tha n tow a r d s t h e upp e r por tion of t h e

fo r e pil l a r
- I t m ay h e re b e s ta t e d th a t t h e m e t a l loop for t h e thir ti e th
.
2

—
s tri n g w a s a tt a ch e d to t h e d e p r e s s io n a ft e r t h e fo r e pill a r h a d b e co m e

shor te n e d a n d p r ob a bly dur i n g t h e life of t h e l a s t p e r s on who is k n ow n

,

t o h a v e us e d t h e Ha r p .

Alo n g t h e b a ck of t h e T for m a tion an d upo n t h e l e ft s id e th e re i s a

c ra c k a b ou t 8% i n
‘
lon g m ore th a n i n d e e p a n d m o r e tha n i n wid e
.
,
.
, .
,

t h e d e v e lop m e n t of which m ust to a l ar g e e xt e n t h a v e b e e n t h e c a u s e of

t h e s ho r t e n i n g of t h e fo r e pill a r By t h e s ho r t e n i n g of t h e for e pill a r t h e
-
.
-

for m of t h e Ha r p h a s b e e n a lt e re d (s e e Pl a te I t i s e vide n t tha t t h e

c a vi ty i n th e p r oj e cti n g block for t h e for e —pill a r w a s m a d e l a rg e r th an w a s
n e c e s s a r y a n d it i s p r ob a bl e th a t thi s w a s r e qui r e d for t h e p r op e r a dju s t
,

m en t of t h e p a r ts a n d th a t b e fo r e th e y w e r e u n it e d t h e s p a c e n e a r to t h e
,

1 Be k f p i ti v
ma i n g
or e ti t th i t d i t h d p i th pp t mi ty
a. os e as s e r on as o e n ser e n e e r e s s on e u er e x re

h f ll i g t t w ppli d A i f t w ld b 3 i b v th l w p t i
,

s ort e n i n g , t h e o ow n es as a e n r on ou e n. a o e e o er or on

p c t p p f th ct f m f th i d f th h m i c c v d l g i f m t h b
.

i e e of s i ff a er o e exa or o e s e o e ar on ur e, an n ro e as s

d t h b ck p t i
.

of th f p ll w pl c d i t h p i t th
e or e - i ar das a
} i
e b v th l w
n e os i on e en an e a or on 7 n. a o e e o er

f pi ll
or e - gi lly cc pi d i t h d p i
a r ori na p t d 45 i
o uf m th d
e n e e r e s s on or i on an
13 n . ro e en .

A f p i ll f th i f m h b f d t
, ,

d th p i ti f th f t d f th b ck f
.

an e os on s o e ron an o e a o or e - ar o s or as een oun o

th pp p t i w th
e u er or t d Th p p
on ctly fit t b th t mi t i w h
ere en
gi
no e e a er e xa a o e x re e s, e re a s on e n

h w d th t th f p i ll g i cc t ly l g w i ll t d
. .

s o e a w e re e ore - ar a a n a u ra e on er no o so.
17 8 MUSICAL INS TRUMENTS

te rm i n a tion of t h e p r oj e cti n g block w a s fill e d by a w e dg e I t m a y h a ve .

b e e n n e c e ss ar y a t som e ti m e to r e m ov e t h e stri n gs an d s e p a ra t e t h e fo r e
pill a r fr om t h e block wh e n t h e p e rs o n who r e pl a c e d th e m m u s t h a v e
,

n e gl e ct e d to i n s e r t t h e w e dg e Th e re a d e r will u n d e rs tan d th a t wh e n
.
,

t h e fo r e pill a r b e c a m e sho r t en e d th e p r e ssu r e c a us e d by t h e t e n sio n of

-
,

t h e s t r i n g s i n pl a c e of b e i n g di s tr ibut e d ov e r th r e e i n ch e s fe ll upo n on e
poi n t a n d tha t t h e thr u s t w as tow a r d s t h e te r m i n a tion of t h e for e p i llar
,
-
.

Th e r e b e i n g n o r e s tr a i n i n g w e dg e t h e fo r e pill a r w a s for ce d to t h e e n d ,
-

of t h e c a vity {3 i n i n a dv a n c e a n d d e s t r oy e d t h e t e r m i n a tio n of t h e
3
.
,

d e p r e s s ion a t t h e e n d of t h e p r oj e cti n g block which h a d be e n i5s i n wid e ,

“
’
. .

Th e fo r e p i ll a r i s n ow }3 i n fr o m t h e e n d of t h e d e pre ssio n n e a r e s t t o
-
.

t h e sou n di n g bo a r d -
.

Tu rn i n g to th e j u n ction of t h e for e pi l l a r a n d h a rm on i c curve upon -

,

t h e l e ft s id e of t h e l a tt e r w e fin d th a t a t t h e n i n e t e e n th p e g hol e a -

s t r e n gth e n i n g pl a t e h as b e e n pl a c e d a c r o s s t h e p e
g hol e b an d Th e r e -
.

c a n b e littl e doubt th a t t h e b a n d which i s thi n h a s th e r e giv e n w a

y , , .

Con ti n uin g t h e li n e of t h e low e r portio n of t h e h a r m on ic cu r v e p a st t h e

j u n ction of th e fo r e p i ll a r w e fi n d th a t fr om t h e ba c k of t h e for e pill a r
-
,
-

o n w a r d s t h e h a r m o n ic cu r v e h a s b e e n th r u s t upwa rd s a n d th a t th e r e ,

a r e t w o c r a cks Upo n t h e r ight s id e w e fi n d th a t t h e m e ta l ba n d h a s

.

b e e n fra ctur e d wh e r e it i s pi e r c e d for t h e tw e n ty fou r th tu n i n g p eg a n d - -

,

th a t a br oa d pi e c e of m e ta l h a s b e e n pl a c e d a c r o s s t h e ba n d ; tha t t h e
cra ck s a l r e a dy n otic e d upo n t h e l e ft s id e ar e s tr on gly m ar ke d (s e e
, ,

P la te an d t h e a lt e ra tio n i n t h e fo r m wh e r e t h e fo r e pill a r j oin s i s -

m o r e pro n ou n c e d Wh a t h a s b e e n n otic e d a s occu r r i n g a t t h e j u n ction

.

of th e fo r e pill a r a n d th e p r oj e cti n g block i s h e r e m o s t disti n ctly s e e n

-
.

Th e h ar mo n ic cu r v e suppo rte d a t on e poi n t o n ly h a s b e e n g r a du a ll y

, ,

d ra gge d down by t h e t e n s ion of t h e strin gs u n til by t h e yi e ldi n g of t h e ,

wood c a us e d by t h e c ra cks t h e two pi e c e s a ga i n c am e i n con ta ct He r e .

w e a l s o fi n d t h e fo r e pill a r h a s b e e n th r u s t for w a r d
-
in .

Th e strin g b a n d w a s p r oba bly o r igi n ally a l m o s t a str a ight l i n e but

-

owi n g to t h e t e n s ion of t h e s tri n gs t h e sou n di n g boa r d h as b e e n dr a w n -

up on e in ch e xclu s ive of t h e s tr i n g ban d Th e s tr i n g ba n d h a s b e e n s o -

.
l
-

s t ra i n e d th a t a c r a ck d e v e lop e d a lo n g t h e s t r i n g hol e s — i e fr om t h e -
. .

1 hT is h as h ad t h e e ff ct
e of s l i ghtly po en i n g th e b ck
a of t h e b ox at th e ri ght i d s e, in di c t d by
a e

a d k li
ar ne (P lt
a e VII .
, No .
180 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

i ts t d or be n ch ; th e n pl a ci n g it s o tha t t h e p r oj e cti n g block a n d

s an ,

l e ft corn e r of t h e box fi r s t touche d t h e b e n ch m ov e d it fo r war d a s b e ,

low e r e d t h e box a n d th e n push e d i t a lo n g t h e b e n ch u n til it w a s i n i t s

,

p r op e r pos ition Thi s a pp e ar s to b e i m po r tan t e vid e n ce a s t o t h e po s ition

.

of a C e ltic Ha r p wh e n n ot i n u s e Th e Har p h a s b e e n m os t ca r e ful ly

.

tr e a t e d a n d it m u s t h a v e ta k e n m an y lo n g y e ar s of fr ictio n t o h a v e
,

oblite r a t e d t h e d e e ply bu r n e d li n e s upo n t h e b a ck an d upon t h e b a c k of ,

t h e should e r s .

Accordi n g to t r a ditio n th e re w e r e a tta ch e d t o thi s Har p r e p r e s e n ta

tio n s of Qu e e n M a r y a n d th e r oy a l a rm s of Scotl a n d wor k e d i n gold , ,

a n d it i s b e li e v e d th a t th e s e w e r e r e m ov e d a n d s tol e n a bout t h e y e a r

17 45 I t i s e vid e n t fr o m t h e n u m e r ou s n a il s th a t m a y still b e s e e n
.
, ,

tha t so m e e n r ich m e n ts h a d b e en a dd e d a ft e r t h e co n s tr uctio n of t h e

i n str u m e n t Upon t h e b a ss t e r m i n a tio n of t h e fo r e pill a r th e r e a r e fou r
.
-

br as s pin s a n d i m m e di a t e ly b e low upo n t h e fron t of t h e fore pill ar

, ,
-
,

th e r e a r e tw e lv e bras s n a il s Upon t h e upp e r portion of t h e r ight s id e

.

of t h e fo re p i ll a r i n t h e c e n tre of th e ci r cl e su rr ou n d e d by p e ll e ts th e r e
-
, ,

is a c a vity e vide n tly i n te n d e d to co n ta i n t h e s e ttin g of a g e m a n d h e r e ,

w e fi n d b e s id e s on e b r as s n a il hol e s th a t c e rt a i n ly m a y n ot b e wo r m
, ,

hol e s a s thi s po r tio n of t h e i n s tru m e n t i s n ot b a dly wor m e a te n

,
-
.

B e fo r e co n cludi n g t h e d e s c r iptio n of thi s Ha r p a tt en tio n m a y b e

di r e cte d t o t h e fre qu e n t r e p r e s e n ta tio n s of t h e Ch ri sti a n s y m bol Th e .

cros s a pp e a rs fou r ti m e s upo n t h e s ou n di n g boa r d twic e upo n t h e -

,

fore pil l a r ; a n d s uppo s i n g as i s m os t p r ob a bl e t h e tw e n ty n i n e tu n i n g

-
, ,
-

p e gs h a d e a ch doubl e li n e s c r o s s i n g e a ch othe r upo n t h e tu n i n g e n d ,

an d e a ch a si n gl e cro s s upo n t h e stri n g e n d t h e c r o s s would h a v e b e e n ,

r e pr e s e n t e d on e hu n dre d a n d forty fi v e ti m e s upo n t h e tu n i n g —

-
p e g s a lon e .

Fr om th e s e n u m e r ou s r e p r e s e n ta tio n s of t h e Chr i s ti a n sy m bol it s e e m s

p r ob a bl e th a t thi s Ha r p w a s con s t r ucte d e ith e r for so m e chu r ch m a n or
for so m e e m i n e n tly r e ligiou s la y m a n We k n ow th a t t h e C l a r s c h a w a s
.

u s e d i n I r e l an d withi n s om e hu n d r e d a n d fifty y e a r s to a ccom p a n y

t h e c e l e b ra tio n of t h e M a s s a n d it w a s n o doubt s o u s e d a t I o n a a n d
, , ,

thr oughout t h e W e s t e r n I sl a n d s .

Thi s Har p i s co m p a r a tiv e ly light t h e w e ight b e i n g s lightly u n d e r

,

tw e lv e pou n d s Th e box i s s ta t e d to b e of willow wood a n d i s a r ich

.
,
1

1 D r u mm on d Sc tti h W p
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s o s ea on s .
se n m os t
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upon t h e b a c k of

s Ha rp re pre s e n t a
d work e d i n gold
, ,
18 2 M U S I C A L I N ST R U M E NT S

two Ha rp s : t h e l a rg e s t on e i s t h e loud e s t but t h e s m a ll on e i s t h e ,

”
s w e e t e st ; which d o
y ou wi s h to h e a r pl a y e d ? M a ci n to s h s a id t h e
s m a ll on e L ude took up t h e Ha r p i n dica t e d an d pl ay e d upon it till
.
,

1
da ylight .

Th e Re v Do n a ld M a ci n to s h t e lls us th a t h e h e a rd thi s fr om h i s
.

fa the r a n d w a s s o i m p r e s s e d th a t b e i n g i n t h e n e ighbou r hood of L ud e

, ,

a bout 18 03 h e c a ll e d upo n G e n e ra l R ob e r ts o n
,
t h e gr e a t g ra n d s o n ,
-

of Joh n th e e l e v e n th l a i r d of L ud e w h o show e d h i m both t h e

, ,

Ha r ps .

M a ci n to s h a t t h e ti m e w a s G ae lic t ra n s l a tor a n d k e e p e r of G a e lic

r e co r d s to t h e Highl a n d Soci e ty of Scotl an d a n d a ft e r his r e turn to ,

E di n bu r gh h e i n fo r m e d t h e Soci e ty th a t t w o Har ps w e r e p r e s e rv e d a t
L ud e In 18 0 5 Ge n e ra l R ob e r ts o n w a s comm u n ic a t e d with an d t h e
.
,

Har ps w e r e s e n t by h i m to t h e Soci e ty for e xa m in a tion 2

.

Th e Ha r p s wh e n br ought to E di n bu r gh w er e e xhibit e d b e fo r e t h e
, ,

Socie ty D ra wi n gs w e re m a d e of both by D a n i e l So m e r vill e which w e r e

.
,

a ft e r w a r d s e n g ra v e d by h i m f or t h e pu r po s e of illust ra ti n g
“
An Hi s to r ic a l
E n qui r y r e s p e cti n g t h e P e r fo r m a n c e on t h e Ha r p i n t h e Highl an ds of
Scotl an d by Jo h n Gun n , M r Gu n n s t a t e s th a t th e s m a ll e r of t h e
, .

t w o the , Qu e e n M a r y Ha r p w as th e n i n a good s t a t e of p r e s e r va tion

”
, ,

a n d s o co m pl e t e an d s ou n d i n a l l i t s p a r ts th a t it look e d a s if it h a d

b e e n m a d e s om e e ighty y e a rs Th e Soci e ty e xp r e s s e d a wi s h to h a v e .

it stru n g with b r a s s wi r e a n d th i s w a s a ccor di n gly don e ,M r Gu n n . .

s a ys : I t did n ot howe v e r occu r t o u s th a t t h e h ar p e rs h a d a p e culi a r

, ,

m a n n e r of produci n g t h e to n e fr o m b r a s s s t r i n gs by u s i n g th e i r n a il s ,

which the y a llow e d to g r ow t o a c e r t a i n l e n gth a n d for m for th a t

pu r pose Th e touch or m a n n e r of p r oduci n g t h e vib ra tio n of t h e s tri n gs
.

by t h e m od e r n p e r for m e r s i s on a di ff e r e n t p r i n cipl e a ltog e th e r a n d ,

” 3
can o n ly b e e ffe ct e d on s tr i n g s m a d e of th e i n t e s ti n e s of a n i m a l s .

I t is for tun a te tha t thi s w a s h i s b e li e f for s uppo s i n g t h e i n str um e n t , .

h a d wh e n s t r u n g with wi r e b e e n k e pt tu n e d for a l e n g th e n e d p e r io d
, , ,

1
Of pi c pl y d p t h i t m t
al l the e es Al th gh M G
a e k w f th
u on e n s ru en 3 ou r. unn ne o e me e t g in of

by M R b t r. S ip
o C hi L d
e r s on , H p“
t B lf t i
n 17 92 ( t
er p
u ru na eo
”
or ar ers a e as n n o e, h w e as

L d S pp c m p i ti f R y D ll i t h f ct th t f th t
.

H p
,
’
u e s u er, a o w f th
os on o or a s e un a a re o e a a o e en ar e rs

ly m mb d p t ly wh
,

on on e re e ere . H mp r e se n on on e , e s on os e a
ge wa s
G li c P v b di t d by Al Ni c l ty v p l l d th t g W th
,
2
ae ro er i s, e e ex. o s on n ne -
se en u e e s ri n s i t h e fi n ge r
18 8 1 pp 409 42 0 il
, ,

Ed n. , .
-
. na s.
 THE H I G HL A N D HA R P 18 3

an d
uppo s i n g it w a s th e n a s ba dly wor m e a t e n a s it i s n ow it would
s -
,
1

i n a ll p r ob a bility h a v e b e e n pull e d to pi e c e s a n d d e s t r oy e d M r E loui s . .

,
2

a w e ll k n ow n p e r fo r m e r upo n t h e P e d a l Ha r p st r u n g t h e i n s tru m e n t
-

with gut a n d pl a y e d a n u m b e r of a i rs upo n it i n p r e s e n c e of s e v e r a l

,

m e m b e r s of t h e Soci e ty Th e i n s t r u m e n t w a s foun d to b e m or e r e m a r k .

a bl e f or s w e e t n e s s th a n for pow e r t h e n ot e s p r oduc e d fr o m t h e t r e bl e ,

b e i n g m uch s up e r io r to tho s e p r oduc e d fr o m t h e b a s s Thi s w a s .

c e r ta i n ly to b e e xp e ct e d fr om a n i n s tr u m e n t which h a d b e e n i n t en d e d
to b e s tru n g with wi r e Th e s tr i n g s w e r e cut clo s e but u n fo rtu n a t e ly .
, , ,

t h e hug e p e g s u s e d by E loui s f or s e cu r i n g t h e gut s tr i n g s i n t h e s tr i n g -

hol e s w e re n ot r e m ov e d a n d s til l di s fi g u r e t h e i n s tr u m e n t Th e r e c an , .

b e littl e doubt th a t E loui s s uppli e d a n u m b e r of t h e i r on tu n i n g

p e g s a lr e a dy n otic e d G e n e ra l R ob e r ts o n s comm u n ic a tion s to t h e
.
’

Soci e ty a r e u n fo r tu n a t e ly lo s t but a s h e liv e d up to 18 2 0 a n d m u s t

, , ,

h a v e b e e n a w a r e of M r Gu n n s s t a t e m e n t s a n d as fa r a s i s k n ow n .
, , ,

did n ot con t ra dict th e m th e y m ay b e a cc e pt e d a s hi s ow n , .

Thi s Ha r p h a s b e en illu s tr a t e d by Joh n Gu n n i n h i s Hi s to r ica l

3
E n qui r y ; t h e P r oc e e di n g s of t h e Soci e ty of A n tiqu a r i e s of Scotl an d

( vol i
. n which m a n y d e t a il s a r e a l s o r e p r e s e n t e d ; Th e B ook of t h e

Tr u e Highl a n d e r ; M u s ic a l In s tr u m e n t s Hipki n s a n d Gibb ; an d D r u m ,

’
m o n d s Scotti s h W e apo n s Th a t i n t h e l a s t m e n tio n e d wo r k i s p e r h a p s .
-

t h e m o s t succ e s s ful of t h e r e p r e s e n t a tio n s

‘
.

1
g v i g f th L m t H p h
Th e en ra n o e a on ar s ow s c d
ros s t pp p i th i d f th b
oe s n o a ear u on e er s e o e ox .

th t i t w th d m g d t
a as f th c
en a a e a on e o e orn ers Th pl t w
is ft w d d f J m H gg
a e as a er ar s u se or a es o
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s

of th di g b d If th i d m g i
e s ou n n - oar s a a e s ex Q W k (E d i
u e en s
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a e n

Up ly i ll t t i th t i D m
.
,

i ll b th t i t cc d t b f
.

ami d itne w e s e en a o u rre n o e or e

4 on on on e u s ra on a n ru

m d Sc tt i h W p m t ti
,

ft th i t m t h d b h p l ly
,

i th
’
b t u a er e n s ru en a ee n o e e ss on s o s ea on s , s e or n a en a on

ri ddl d by e m If th L m t H p w
w or s. e a on ar as u p th h ld i d c t d I thi w k th
on e s ou e rs n i a e n s or e re

l p g h wm g d t i l
.

w or m t i 1807 th Q M y i l m t
-
ea e n n e u een ar s a os i
s a so a a e f w h i ch
s o e a s , n on e o ar e

c t i t h v b i th m w m t by D mm d b t m pp tly f m th
,

er a n o a e een n e sa e or -e a en ru on u so e ar e a a re n ro e

bl ck b l g i g t t h S ci ty f A t q i
,

t t it w i
s a e no s. o s e on n o e o e o n i u ar es

It i t b g tt d th t t h d t i l w hi ch pp
.

El2 w ou i sp f m f t d as a er or er o n o e, an an s o e re re e a e e a s a ear

a rran g f Sc tt i h m i c f
er o th H p
o H s us or e ar e w as i th P c di g
n e f th S ci ty f A t i q
ro e e n is o e o e o n uar es ,

cc f l t ch i E di b gh p t 18 18 d Sc tt i h W p
.

’
a su es s u ea er n n ur u o an d i D mm n ru on t s o s ea on s , a r e n o as

cc t d t i l d i g h ld b
.

Th c e f t h c ll p
a u se o f h i cl ed f o a se o s as s e s an o a u ra e a s e a ra w n s s ou e.

h i l v i g t h c i ty i
s ea n m i gly el t d i th s a us n re a e n e N i th t h l i
e i g l
er g th
e dg f t h
n e s ru n n n a on e e e o e

M m ie f Hi ghl d L dy p 3 13
o rs o 3. an a l w t mi ti
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na di g
on an s e o e s ou n n

Th d pl bl i th i b d h t i g f th f pi ll
.

ll t t i
.
,

3 i e re s a e or a e e r ror n s i us ra on oar th n or e s or en n o e or e - a r, a re

p t d p y f t h i ll t ti
.
,

Up h on c nt f t h i ght i d f th b
t e e re o e r s e o e ox a re re s en e u on a n o e u s ra on s .

c i p t d cl d w i th i c i cl A
ros s s re re s en e , en os e n r es .
18 4 M U SI C A L I NST R U M E NTS

M U SI C

Tha t a v a st a m ou n t of m u s ic w a s com po s e d for t h e Cl ars c h a or High

l an d Ha r p w e h a v e e v e r y r e a s on to b e li e v e but u n for tun a t e ly it is n ow
,

a m a tt e r of di fficulty t o s a y po s itiv e ly wh a t i s Highl an d Ha r p m u s ic .

Th e i n s tr u m e n t b e i n g sup e r s e d e d by t h e violi n m u s i c f or it a lthough

, ,

re m e m be r e d i s c e rta i n to h a v e be e n a lt e r e d an d i mpo s s ibl e h ar p n ot e s

, , .

i n tr oduc e d In Give M e You r Ha n d a m e lody which m ay r e as on

.
,
”

a bly b e s uppo s e d t o h a v e b e e n com po s e d for t h e Ha r p w e fi n d i n a

,

copy p r i n t e d by Bu r k Th u m oth c 17 50 a n i m pos s ibl e n ot e an d thi s

,
.
, ,

n ot e h a s b e e n r e p e a t e d by Bu n ti n g w h o publi s h e d t h e m e lody a s I r i s h
, .

Co n fr o n t e d with this difficulty t h e w r it e r h a s fou n d it n e c e s s a ry t o

,

con fin e t h e illustr a tion s t o a fe w m elodi e s t h e com position of R or y

,

D a ll (M o rr i s on ) t h e h ar p e r of M a cl e od of M a cl e od which th e r e i s re a s on
, ,

to suppo s e w e r e w r itt e n for th e Ha r p a n d oth e rs tha t could b e pl a y e d

,

upon t h e C l a rs c h a or Highl an d Ha rp with thi r ty s tr i n gs .

18 6 M U SI C A L I NSTR U M E NT S

HIG HL AND I
L AD D E .

THE VARIATI ONS ARE BY J OHN PARRY .

THE HI G HL A ND HA R P . 18 7

HIG HL AND L AD DIE

18 8 M U S I C A L I NSTR U M E NT S

L EEZIE L INDSA Y . SU RENNE

ANDA NTE

THE Y EL L OW HAIRED
-
L AD D IE. SURENNE .
190 M U SI CAL I NST R U M E NT S

THE I
F D DL ER S CO NTENT
’
. D ANIEL DOW
.

COMPO SED BY B O RIE BAL L .

 THE H I G HL A ND HA R P 191

RORIE D AL L S SISTER S L AMENT D ANIE L DO W

’ ’
. .

SL O W
.
 192 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

IND
MY AI N K DEARIE. SU RENNE
.

A ND ANTI NO .

THE L AND 0 THE L EAL

’
. SU RENNE .

M AESTOSO
 I ND EX

AB B O TT, R e v THO M AS K , P r ef a c e ix B ou n t a s , a p f e r or m er on th e “
C or n u t , 144 .

c d m y h C c l f th R y l I i h
. . .

A a e t e oun i o e o a r s B ra e s , 6
P f c i
, , .

re a e x. B r i a n B or oi h m e , 4
A cc t f th L d Hi gh T
.

142 O B ri e n , D on n c h a dh C a i r b re ac h , 12
’
ou n s o e or re a s u r e r ,

A cc t f t h L d H gh T c pt pt bb t J h
. .

o un s o e or i re a s u r e r , e x er B r om on A o o an n es , 10
f m l ti g t h H ghl d H p 150 154
, .

ro re a n o t e i an ar -
Br os n a c h of t h e Sai , 6
Ad i R b t f H llyb k 100
, , . .

a r, o er o o roo B r ow n e , W I E s q , P r ef a ce i x
p f f i gi g 14
.

c S H y H v y 91
, , . .
, . .

A dhe a r o e s s or o s n n . B ru e, i r en r er e

B ch g 140
, , , .

Ai l Ae en (I i h Ai ) 133 r oon G
r s r . u an an e or e,

Ald f d H R c mm B ch
, , .

e r or 117 ou s e , f Sp i l 149 os o on u a n an , o te
A ll J R m lly E q P f c i ti g 116 117
. .
, ,

en o B i s . re a e x un n .

C h p l A b l m 154
.
, .
,

t g O C y t i ct p 46
, , ,

Al t b B ’ ’
ar a e er e n o, un in u rr s s r u re s u on

A d J ph E q L L D P f i ti g c ll ct 12 0
, .
, , .

B
‘
n e r s on os e s r e a ce x un n s o e i on s ,

f D m k t y t E di b gh h t
, , ,
.

t h c ll ct f h p by R C h l
. . .

’
A nne o en B ar s en r in o n ur au un w or o e i on o ar s, ev ar e s ,

d h p pl y d t 149
, , .

b O i s an ar 118 a e a

A ch b ld E l f A gyll 149
,

th H p th
. .

r i a ar B o 91 116 r , . un w or ar e,

th R C h l 91
, , , .

A t M M
r gh 17
ac u r r ou R . an w or ev ar es,

ch (I i h A i ) 13 5
, , . .

B M u r ns ar r s r

th I i h h p 2 1 B tt v t Vi c t 65
, .

B AC ON on e r s ar u e an s ou n

B g pi p d i w 19 2 2
, , .
, , .

a -
es, u se n ar,

th I i h p t d h p
.

B lli d y h p m t g f d t 63
,

a n e rr C ar N - ou n 19 i n s ou n a AM D E on e r s oe s an ar ers ,

J h l t —pl y 144
.

B lq h i dd b d t 141
, , .

a u d I hm h m er an C m n c a o e, ar s a a n e r, o n u e a er,

W l l m 25 C m O C l ] h p 14
.
,
.
,

’ ’
OB h an a an i ia a us a rn i a ar e r,

f t th c t y h p f 158 C d c f Lh
.
, , , .

O B h 10
’
an a an ou r e e n en ur ar o a ra o o a n c a r va n

B d d fi i ti C l 48
.
, , ,

ar f h e m 6 7 n on o t e na e, a ro a n

B d y f th B d C l d t ct f t h h p f 115
. .
, , ,

ar es 6 o e ar s, aro a n es ru i on o e ar o

B d 6 C l T l gh m i ci 9
. .
, ,

ar s, a ro a n u r ou us an

B d i Sc tl d 140
.
.
, ,

ar s n o C l
an C (I i h A i ) 136 aro an s on cer to r s r

d c i pt f g l h p t li ty ff d
.

by R i ch 2 1
.
, ,

B ar n a C ti d as e, es r i on o re a os i a o e re

t l t by H y 16
.

y Ell 6 5
,

B a rr en t mi o ns re s, e c en r

C tl B l l h p pl y d t 109
.

B t m Th m
.
,
.
, , ,

a e 92
an, o as, as e e ew , a ar a e a

C tl C ld ll H p t h 113
,

f d W 37
. .

B eau or as e a we ar e,

B lf t C ci l f t h N t Hi t d P h i l ph i c l C tl O t y H p 2 8 34 3 5 8 2
. .
, ,

e as ou n o e a s an os o a as e wa ar

S c i ty f P f c i C tl O t y H p d c i pt
, . .
, , , , .

o e o ,
re a e f 73 x . as e wa ar es r i on o , .

B lf t d i t i g i h d h p lc d f h B y
,

e as i 17 92 t 45
s n C u s Th (I h A i ) 12 5
e ar er s n a a va a e o t e o n e, e ri s r

B lf t H p S c i ty 10 1 C h p l f K i ll h p p t
, , .
,

e as ar o e 155 a e o e s, ar u on s on e a t,

C h l m t H p t h 105
.

B lf t m ti g f h p
, .

e as i 17 92 t 49
ee n o ar e rs n a ar e on ar e,

B lf t M m h p i th Ch l m t M y C t
.
, , .
,

e as 84 use u ar f 105 n e, ar e on , ar , ou n e ss o

B ll i q i y Sc tt h h p by C h t Si R b t t g th f p t
, .
, .

e t n th tw u r as o e o o i s ar s ri s i s on r o er n o e on row o ea

by 119
, , ,
,

C D 158 .

B ll J h
.

g
.
,

p t3
.
,

e f D o 107n o Ci un a n n on r, a oe

B th m S Wi lli m 2 7
.

Cl c A t t I h g t by L i l
, , , , .

e a ir a are n e, c an en ri s a en s, on e

B l ck M d C P ef c i D k
.
, , ,

a A es s rs f 15 an r a e x u e o

B l ck R
.

I i h H p c mp d i th th
, . .
,
.
, .

a b d Th (I i h A i ) 12 9
os e u Cl h e r s r a rs c a, or r s ar o ar e w e

B l mfi ld J C 114
,

Sc tt h H p 148
, .
,

oo e , . .
, o is ar

B k f Gl d l
.

pl y d by J m
, .

oo gh t h
o 3 en Cl y h d a ou ,142 e, . av c or es a e a e s IV .
, .

195
196 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

G ly J h f i f Ki lk y 14
nn o n r ar o en n O Ff og e r ty Har , t h e , 2 6 , 7 9
’
p .

C ff y G g E q P f c i
, , , .

F i dd l er s C on ten t, Th e (Hi g hl a n d A i r ), 190

’
o e e or e, s re a e x.

C l G A J Eq P f c i h
. .
, ,

o e, s re a e x
’
O Fi n ag h t y , Hu g 14
ty m p t
. . . .
, .
,

C i
on a r e M 5 or ,
’
O Fi n a g h t y , a a ni s 14
O C m h i gh C h i f P f gl P t i ck 18
.

f M i c 14
, .

Fi n
’
on a e ro e s s or o us as , a r

ght f m f m i c 90 Th m
, , , .

C on n a u a ou s or us . Fi nn, 115 o as ,

F i tzg ld D l w y H p 6 5
.
, ,

OC ’
ll 107
on n e era or a a ar

F i tz g ld L d W lt P f c i
, .

C t bl A ch i b ld E q P f c i
, .
,

on s a e, r a s re a e x. er a , or a er, re a e x.

C t ti f t h B d t h 8 F tzg ld Si J h F tz E dm d 6 5
.
, ,

“ ”
on en on o e ar s, e, i e ra , r o n i -
on

C ty L i m i ck 4 J h f t t i m y Sc tti h Iih
. .
,

C i h
or c o c e, ou n er F d
or un , o n o es on on o s an d r s

m i c by 16
.
,

C m c U lf d 4
,

or a a a, us ,

Iihp t h p b l gi
. .

C l i (I i h Ai ) 12 3 F ’
ai t n r s r . D
ra s e r , r .
, r s ea s a n s ar e on n
g t o, 109
W lt
.
,

C ox , 115 a er, .

C f ti é
ra nh p pl y 2 a ar -
a e r, . G AL I L E I , V I NC E NTI O , 19 .

C k C ft 91 lpi c
,

ro er , ro on . Ga n, Rev F W 92 , an d P r ef a e ix
h p 21
. .
, .
, .

C i
ru s u s, a ar e r, . G i r a l d u s Ca mb re n s i s , 13 9
pi p 2 t ti m y t c ll c
.

C i u s eac h s, es , G i ra ld u s C a m b re n s i s , es on o th e ex e en e

C g 14
un a, . of I i h m i c by
r s us , 11 .

C i M
u ro D é 2 ac ai r G i r l s , h a ve y ou s e en G eor g e (I r i sh Ai r ) 12 7
t i ct B lf t h p l c
.
, , .

OC th G e n , M e ss rs , P r ef a e i x
’ ’
ur r s s r u re s on e e as ar ers,
y
c i ti ci m f 51
.

b t h O N i ll ’
r s o Gl en ar f 111 e e s o

Gl v P f
, . , , .

o er, 105 r o e s s or ,

G p l c f 5 G df y f B l g
.

D AB E R a a e o o re o 10 ou o n e,

D l w y H p th
.
, ,

G d J h t ti m y t t h I i h m i c by 19
.

a a 2 7 35 ar e, oo o n, es on o e r s us

y H p i c pti p th 6 7
, , .

G h m G g F q h 39
, , .

D l a wa ar , ns ri on s u on e, . ra a e or e ar u ar ,

d m ti g f h p t 49
.
,

D w i g f h D y Th (I i h A i ) 12 6
a n n o t e a , e r s r . G r an a r ee n o ar er s a

ld G g E q P f c i
,

G y Ni ch l pl y th d
, , .

D on a son e or e, s re a e x. re o as , 145 a e r on e r on e ,

l P i c
, ,
.

ll
, .

f C l 145 G i ff y t h p C
’
OD on n e r n e o on n a r a on a n ,

gl Wi ll i m E q P f c i
, , . .

D ou as, a s . re a e x . G r oves o f Bl y Th (I i h Ai ) 130 a rn e e r s r

D w h ll H p t h J h 16 7
, , , , .

o n i 34 8 3 8 8 ar , e, G unn o n .

li g B g h p f d i 118 J h i q i y t t h t Sc tt h h p
, , .
, ,

D ra w n o ar ou n n, G unn, o n n u r as o e wo o is ar s

by 158
, .
,

D m ru l d 113
n as a

D bl m w h p i th
, .
, .

u M in u s eu 82 t o ar s n e,

D bl i c i m m y f C l i th H G N J H NN V N D
, .

u m n u si n e or o a ro a n , n e A E O 115 A A ER,

R t d t 117 H ll M
, , .

o un a a . a , d M C S 91
r . an rs . . .
, .

g J m 48
,

O H ll 114 118
’
D un an a es , a or a n

H di m J m 115
.
, ,

P th h i h p p t t 154
, .

D p p li
u n er s re , ar u on s on e a ar an a es .

H p by J h E g
, , . , ,

ar , 100 o n an ,

B ti g t h d iff t ki d f
.

GH I H H t i N ti lM m m f ’
E N DI BU R , RI S ARP a , n a on a u se u ,
un n s na es or e e re n n s o

Eg an h p m k 105 ar -
a er , f C o l h p k w th 8 7
a ro a n , a ar no n as e,

El i p f m t h p d l h p 183 d c y f th 46
. .
,

ou s , a e r or e r on e e a ar e a o e

h i t i c l ti c f t h I i h 12 3
.
,

E h d (O ll m h F dh l ) 4
, .

oc a a o a s or a n o es o e r s

E v ly J h t ti m y t th di fii l ty f pl y I i h m f t h di ff t p ti
.
, , .

e n, o n, es on o e cu o a r s na f th
es or e eren or on s o e,

i g t h I i h h p by 2 3
n e r s ar .

I i h m f th d i ff t t i g f t h
,

r s na es or e ere n s r n s o e,

F ea g h a n g el eas h or , Tr y if i t i s i n tu n e (I r is h Ai r ), 40 41 .

d t i m ph d i pl yi g t h
,

12 1 . k y e an e r as e s u se n a n e,

F e i s C e oi l , i n 18 97 , 52 n 44 45 .

l m th d f pl y i g t h
.
,

F e i s G e oi , 18 99, 7 9 . e o 36 o a n e,

F en ach u s L a w , 2 . m na f th g c es p f m d th 42
o e ra es e r or e on e,

h p
,

F e rc e i r t n é , a ar er, 2 . 43 44
it Pi c
.

p ym t by J m pl y
,

F er r 31e r, er e, . a en t s th a es IV . o a ers on e

O F f g ty C
’
o li er , orn e u s, 79 . I i h 17 18
r s , ,
.
198 M U S I C A L I NST R U M E NT S

M ‘D on n e l l , D r J am e s , 45 Pe at b g h p f d i 118 119
- o s, ar s ou n n, n .

Pi c Ni ch l g t h p 22
. ,

th i
.

M a c E g a n , Boe u s, 17 er e, o as, a rea ar er, .

Pl k tt L i t C l l C B P f i 3 3
.

M a c Eg a n h p 5 an d O B a r dan ,
’
ar e rs , un e eu .
-
o on e , , r e a ce x .

P t d B d di ti cti b tw 8
. .
, .
,

A E q P f c i
.

M G g ‘
oo an , s re a e x. oe s an ar s, s n on e e en

P t g d f th I i h 6
,

M ci t h J m
.
.
, .
,

a n 18 1 os a es, . oe s , ra es o e r s

Vi gi l t ti m y t I i h m i c by 18
, .

M ci t h R ld 18 2
,

a n D os ev on a P ly d
o ore r es on o r s us .

P w ll m di v l W l h h i t i
, , , ,

M cl f C ll 149
. .

a ea n o o o e , 11 e ae a e s s or a n , .

P t i
.
,

M cl Al M P f c i
,

a R e an e v. en re a e x. 26
r e or u s ,

P t i
.

M L i gg ch i f p t 4 th I i h h p 2 1
, .
,

ac e oe r e or u s , on e r s ar

P i c Ch l E d w d 90
.
, .

chi f p t 4
, ,

M L ac i on a n , e oe r n e ar e s ar .

f Wh i th
, .
,

M M ac i gh h 11 na n e ora c P i r or o Cl h f th 149 orn , ar s c a o e, .

i H p h
, .

M g a en n s110 ar t e,

M j J h t Sc t m i c by 139
.
,

a o r, o n n o e on o s us Q U E EN M AR Y HAR P t h e , 56 , 6 2 15 8
h Si H y 115 y p d c pt
, , .
, , .

M a rs r en r Q u ee n M ar Ha r e s ri i on of t h e , 16 8 18 3 -
.

M t d c i pt i f th l d f Sc tl d by y p b ck d c t d f
, ,
.
,

ar i n , es r on o e i s an s o o an , Qu een M a r Ha r , th e a e ora e o

8 141 th 17 9 18 0
e,

M ty Jh g v 116
.

M y H p c mp b tw t h
.
, ,

“
ar n o n en ra e r, .
Q u een ar ar o a r i s on e ee n e

yG l 115 T i ty C ll g
, , ,

M a ss e e n e ra ri n d th 18 1 o e e an e,

y t h V y R C h l 115
. .

M y H p f q cy f th y mb l f
, ,

”
M a s se e er ev ar es,
Q u een ar ar re u en o e s o o

M l di pl y d t B lf t 1 t f 49 p t h 18 0
. .
, ,

e o es , a e a e as 1s o n . th C e ros s u on e,

M y H p p t ti
, ,

M ddl t P f c i
.

i Mi e on ss , re a e x .
Q u een ar th ar , re re s e n a on on e,

M i t l P y m t t I t li ch 144
,

ns re s , d F a en s o a an an re n 180
M y d th L m t H p b g ht
, , .

145 “
Q u een ar an e a on ar rou

t E d b gh 18 2
.
,

M i ss M ol l y (I r i s h A i r ), 132 o i n ur

Q i P t i ck 7 9
.
.
,

M ol l y M i n (I ri s h Ai r ), 13 3
a ca lp . u n a r , .

H p 73
,

M oll y , my Tr eas u r e (Ir i s h A i r ), 12 9

’
.
Q i u n s ar .

t l Q i i h i M ll 149
,

O M og h a n e , a m i n s r e , 15
’
u n s n u

f h h p p t f
. .
,

M on i fi e t h , F or a rs i re, ar u on s on e ro m , 154 .

M un g an h p 47 a ar e r, R EANN V NT N h p 52
E Y, AL E I E, ar er,

d4 R p t ti p t f t h Hi ghl d h p
. .
,

M u s c ra i gh f O m e o r on e re s e n a on s u on s on e o e an ar

m h p i t h V ct lb t
, .
,

M u se u ar n e i or i a a n d A er 111 . 15 4 15 8 -

ic f t h I i h H p 12 0
, .

R i tch Al d P f c i
,

M us or e r s ar M i e, r e xan e r, re a e x.

R b t f L d
.
, .

M y A i n Ki n d D e a r i e (Hi g h l a nd Ai r ), 192 . o e r s on o 18 1 u e, .

M y l s on e , a m es , 143 J . R b t
o G
e r s on l 18 2 en era

R d i c Ki g f W l
, , .

o er 10 n o a es,

R g g v 16
, .

NAPI E R of B a l l e k i n r a i n 149
, , . J
o e rs , .
, en ra er , 1 .

New L a n g ol ee (I r i s h A i r ) 13 2 L m (Hi g h l d Ai ) 191

’ ’
R i D ll S
or e a s i s ter s a en t an r

Ni gg Ros s s h i r e h a r p u p on s t on e
.

R y D l ] 149 18 4
, , .

- at, 154 or a

O Ne i l l t h e h a r p of 86 111 y h p p t d i th I i h 112
, , , , .

’
R os ar ar re re se n e n e r s

O Ne i ll Ar th u r 5
, .

Th m E q P f c i
, , , , .

1 6 2 Ad d en d a
’
. R oss , o as , s re a e x.

Nobb e r We s tm e a th 117
, .

Ry t C l l P ef c i
, , ,

, , . L
an -
g Li an e an , eu - o on e , r a e x.

Nor a my Tho us a n d Tr eas u r es (I r i s h A i r ), 134

g t th b t
.

A chd c
,

Nu e n F a e r Ro e r 3 3 , , . SAU R I N V 102 en r e a on

Sc tl d ly m i c l i t m t i 10 12
, .
, .

o an e ar us a ns ru en s n, .

Sc
, ,

Ol d Tra u g h Th e (I r is h A i r ) , 12 6 . ott sL m
’
(I i h A i ) 12 4
a en ta t i on r s r

O ll m h ct
,

S yb ld f m pl y t h p d l h p 47
, .

a s , or Do or s , 1 e o a a ou s a e r on e e a ar

h p 3
.

A B E q P f c i
, , .

On a, a ar er, Sk i n n e r, s re a e x.

P f c i
.

S c i ty f A t q f Sc tl d t h C ci l f
. .
,

Otw y R t h a M ~
u ve n rs re a e x. o e o n i u ari es o o an e ou n o

O t y R thv M i P ef c i
.
, ,

P f c i
,

wa -
u en , ss, r a e x th e, re a e x

O l y Wi ll i m f L i m i ck 110
. .

us e a o er , S m v i ll
o er D i l d wm g e, f th Hi ghl d an e ra s o e an

Syd y (L dy M g ) 8
.

h p m d by 18 2
, , ,

Ow e n son , ne a or an , 51 n , 119 . ar s a e

S th K i gt h p t 102 111
, , .

ou en s n on , ar a

i I l d th
,

St K v i th H p f 2 7
.
,

P AL E , 7 n re a n e, e n, e ar o n.

P t h p 143
.
, ,

a e, a ar e r, . St M d
. th
oe h i f 8 6 157
oc , e s r ne o , , .
 I ND E X 199

St . p t ti f h p p t h
M oe d oc , re r e se n a on o a ar u on e t
Ta r a ri e n n i a m e e i n a t 3 l t g
h
, , .

s f 24
ri n e o , Ter r or of D ea th , Th e (Hi g h l a n d A i r ) 18 9
Ch p l I h p p l b t 155 h
.
,

St O T om a s , T H E s q P r efa c e i x
’
. ra n s a e on a , ar u on s a a .

St P t i ck T th h k
, , . .
, .
, .

a r f 24
’
s oo s ri n e o Th u m ou t h B u r 18 4
t R i ch d t t m y h p pl y g g
.
, , .
, , .

St y h
an u rs ar es i on on ar -
a in Ti mp a n ” m e a n i n of 3 n
by 2 0 ty ll g p
, , , , .

, Tri n i Co e e Ha r t h e 55 .

St t f D l g i J h th Q M y d
. , ,

e w ar o a u s e, o n e u e en ar an

t H p d p it d i N t l M m ly m m t ic l i t
,

th L me a on ar e os e n a i on a u s eu W A L E S, e a r us a ns ru en s, i n , 10, 12
f A t i q i ti by 158 J m 141
.

o n u es W dd p
e irs u n e, a e s, .

St i ckl d W G E q P f
.

Wi ld Si Wi ll i m 8 2
,

r an i s r e ac e x e, r a

St t G A Eq P fc i Wi ll d ly h p m d f
, . .
, . , .

u ar s re a e x ow ~ w oo ea r ar s a e o , 2
i c m i g Th (I i h Ai ) 12 7
, , , ,
. . . . .

S mm
u er s o n , e r s r , . Wr en Th e, (I r i sh A i r ), 13 0 .

TAM B O U R t h e , 10 Ye l l ow B l a n ke t, Th e (Ir i s h A i r ) 12 8 .

g
.

t g t b q t
, ,

Ta r a t h e
,
a rr a n e me n of ues s at th e an ue s Yell ow -
Ha i r ed L a dd i e (Hi g h l a n d A i r ) ,
188 .

You n g M a n D r ea m , Th e (I r i s h A i r ), 12 5
’
at, 3 . s .

Pr i n t d by T
e . an d A C O NSTA B L E , P r i n
. t e rs to Hi s M aj e s ty
at th e E i n d b u rg h Un i v ty P
ers i re ss