Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Actinobacteria against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Sudden Decline Syndrome on Date Palm in the UAE
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fungal Culture
2.2. Isolation of Endophytic Actinobacteria from Date Palm Roots
2.3. Screening of Biological Control Agents (BCAs) for the Production of CWDEs
2.4. Screening of BCAs for the Production of Diffusible Antifungal Metabolites
2.5. Bioassays for the Production of Volatile Antifungal Compounds, Siderophores, and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
2.6. Determination of the Population Densities of Endophytic Actinobacteria Isolated from Date Palm
2.7. Assays of Antifungal Metabolites and CWDEs Activities
2.8. Evaluation of Crude Culture Filtrates of BCA on F. solani
2.9. Identification of the BCAs
2.10. Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.11. Disease Assays, Spore Counts, and Disease Severity Index (DSI) in the Greenhouse
- (i).
- Healthy controls (C): Non-inoculated seedlings with any of the BCAs or F. solani;
- (ii).
- Diseased controls (Fs): Inoculated-seedlings with F. solani only;
- (ii).
- BCA controls (Sp or Sc): Inoculated-seedlings with either S. polychromogenes UAE2 (isolate #16) (BCA1) or S. coeruleoprunus UAE1 (isolate #28) (BCA2) only; and
- (iv).
- Sp + Fs or Sc + Fs: Inoculated-seedlings with S. polychromogenes UAE2 (isolate #16) (BCA1) or S. coeruleoprunus UAE1 (isolate #28) (BCA2) at 5 days before F. solani inoculation.
2.12. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. In vitro Screening of Endophytic Actinobacteria for CWDEs Activities and Antibiosis on F. solani
3.2. Total Population of Endophytic Candidates of BCA in Date Palm Roots
3.3. In vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Properties of the BCA
3.4. Effect of BCA Candidates on Hyphal and Cytoplasmic Integrity of F. solani
3.5. Identification of the BCA Candidates to the Species Level
3.6. Anatgonism of the Tested Streptomyces spp. on F. solani under Greenhouse Conditions
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Isolate | Clearing Zone Diameter a | Inhibition Zone Diameter b | Production of | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | VC c | Siderophore d | HCN d | |||
SA | ||||||
Streptomyces | #1 | 0.0 | 34.3 ± 0.7 ab | + | - | - |
#5 | 32.2 ± 1.0 a | 0.0 | + | + | - | |
#7 | 0.0 | 41.6 ± 1.7 c | - | + | - | |
#9 e | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
#13 | 41.4 ± 2.1 b | 0.0 | - | + | - | |
#15 | 0.00 | 37.3 ± 0.8 b | + | - | - | |
#16 e | 55.4 ± 2.2 c | 0.0 | + | + | - | |
#22 | 0.0 | 47.3 ± 1.2 d | + | + | - | |
#24 | 37.1 ± 1.1 ab | 0.0 | - | - | - | |
#25 | 0.0 | 31.4 ± 0.4 a | - | + | - | |
#28 e | 0.0 | 48.2 ± 2.0 d | + | + | - | |
#31 | 42.7 ± 1.3 b | 0.0 | - | + | - | |
NSA | ||||||
Actinoplanes | #3 | 0.0 | 32.8 ± 0.9 a | + | - | - |
Dactylosporangium | #8 | 0.0 | 42.2 ± 1.6 c | - | + | - |
Microbispora | #21 | 33.8 ± 2.0 a | 0.0 | + | - | - |
Micromonospora | #29 | 0.0 | 47.8 ± 1.1 d | + | + | - |
#17 | 54.6 ± 1.9 c | 0.0 | + | + | - |
Media | Isolate | Culture Filtrate (%) | Colony Diameter (mm) | Mycelial Dry Weight (g) | Conidia Germination (%) | Germ Tube Length (µm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CCB | #16 | 0 | 97.7 ± 0.4 d | 76.4 ± 2.8 d | 87.8 ± 0.5 d | 63.4 ± 1.2 d |
25 | 56.3 ± 4.2 c | 45.2 ± 2.2 c | 55.1 ± 5.3 c | 33.3 ± 4.1 c | ||
50 | 15.5 ± 2.8 b | 13.8 ± 1.1 b | 17.6 ± 2.4 b | 7.9 ± 1.0 b | ||
100 | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 1.0 ± 0.2 a | 0.0 a | ||
FMEB | #28 | 0 | 98.0 ± 0.6 d | 74.5 ± 1.4 d | 86.6 ± 1.0 d | 50.2 ± 1.7 d |
25 | 61.9 ± 3.8 c | 39.9 ± 4.4 c | 51.7 ± 3.5 c | 25.7 ± 5.7 c | ||
50 | 13.2 ± 1.6 b | 7.8 ± 1.3 b | 14.3 ± 2.2 b | 11.2 ± 3.2 b | ||
100 | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0.9 ± 0.3 a | 1.9 ± 0.4 a |
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Alblooshi, A.A.; Purayil, G.P.; Saeed, E.E.; Ramadan, G.A.; Tariq, S.; Altaee, A.S.; El-Tarabily, K.A.; AbuQamar, S.F. Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Actinobacteria against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Sudden Decline Syndrome on Date Palm in the UAE. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8010008
Alblooshi AA, Purayil GP, Saeed EE, Ramadan GA, Tariq S, Altaee AS, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF. Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Actinobacteria against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Sudden Decline Syndrome on Date Palm in the UAE. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(1):8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8010008
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlblooshi, Aisha A., Gouthaman P. Purayil, Esam Eldin Saeed, Gaber A. Ramadan, Saeed Tariq, Amna S. Altaee, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, and Synan F. AbuQamar. 2022. "Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Actinobacteria against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Sudden Decline Syndrome on Date Palm in the UAE" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 1: 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8010008