Abstract
The impending adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly increasing the complexity of the charging process management for the various stakeholders of the EV charging ecosystem. These stakeholders need to cooperate in exchanging metering, billing, and other sensitive and private data required for the provision of EV charging services. Thus, secure, transparent, and reliable data communication networks must be established to enable efficient interaction among the different stakeholders regarding identity and charging management, along with the session settlement and billing processes.
Blockchain is a distributed, digital transaction technology that allows securely exchanging and storing data, as well as executing smart contracts in peer-to-peer networks amongst different entities without established trusted relationships. These smart contracts may holistically describe the relationships between the different entities, as well as the rules of their interaction. Additionally, blockchain technology has the potential to ensure the integrity, reliability, and efficiency of the established ecosystem, strengthen cybersecurity, protect privacy, and minimize transaction costs by applying sophisticated cryptographic techniques.
This paper provides an overview of how blockchain technology could transform and improve an operational EV charging management network and proposes a blockchain-based framework that is suitable for the electric vehicle charging ecosystem.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
European Commission: Clean Energy for All Europeans Package (2017)
European Commission: A European Green Deal (2021)
European Commission: Make Transport Greener. [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/fs_21_3665 (2021). Accessed 25 Apr 2022
Nojavan, S., Ghesmati, H., Zare, K.: Robust optimal offering strategy of large consumer using IGDT considering demand response programs. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 130, 46–58 (2019)
CENELEC E-Mobility Smart Charging. [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/xpert_group1_sustainable_processes.pdf (2015)
Basmadjian, R.: Communication vulnerabilities in electric mobility hcp systems: a semi-quantitative analysis. Smart Cities 4(1), 405–428 (2021)
Reeh, D., Cruz Tapia, F., Chung, Y.W., Khaki, B., Chu, C., Gadh, R.: Vulnerability analysis and risk assessment of ev charging system under cyber-physical threat. In: ITEC 2019 - 2019 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (2019)
Vaidya, B., Mouftah, H. T.: Deployment of secure EV charging system using open charge point protocol. In: 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (2018)
Open Charge Alliance: Open Charge Point Protocol 2.0. [Online]. Available: https://www.openchargealliance.org/downloads/ (2020). Accessed 25 Apr 2022
Rubio, J.E., Alcaraz, C., Lopez, J.: Addressing security in OCPP: protection against man-in-the-middle attacks. In: 2018 9th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), pp. 1–5 (2018)
Drescher, D.: Blockchain Basics: A Non-Technical Introduction in 25 Steps. Apress (2017)
ΙΒΜ: [Online]. Available: https://www.ibm.com/topics/blockchain-security (2022). Accessed 25 Apr 2022
Hassija, V., Chamola, V., Garg, S., Krishna, D.N.G., Kaddoum, G., Jayakody, D.N.K.: A blockchain-based framework for lightweight data sharing and energy trading in V2G network. In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, pp. 5799–5812 (2020)
Okwuibe, C., Li, Z., Brenner, T., Langniss, O.: A blockchain based electric vehicle smart charging system with flexibility. IFAC-PapersOnLine 53(2), (2020)
Dorokhova, M., Vianin, J., Alder, J.M., Ballif, C., Wyrsch, N., Wannier, D.: A blockchain-supported framework for charging management of electric vehicles. Energies 14(21), 1–32 (2021)
Rubio, J., Alcaraz, C.C., Lopez, J.: Selecting privacy solutions to prioritise control in smart metering systems. In: 11th International Conference on Critical Information Infrastructures Security (2016)
Di Silvestre, M., Gallo, P., Ippolito, M., Sanseverino, E., Zizzo, G.: A technical approach to the energy blockchain in microgrids. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 4792–4803 (2018)
Hyperledger Fabric: https://www.hyperledger.org/ (2022). [Online]. Accessed 25 Apr 2022
Hyperldger Fabric. [Online]. Available: https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/release-2.2/smartcontract/smartcontract.html (2022). Accessed 25 Apr 2022
DigiCert. [Online]. Available: https://www.digicert.com/ (2022). Accessed 25 Apr 2022
Hyperledger Fabric. [Online]. Available: https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/release-2.2/network/network.html (2022). Accessed 25 Apr 2022
Hyperledger Fabric: Private Data. [Online]. Available: https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/release-2.2/private-data/private-data.html (2022). Accessed 25 Apr 2022
Van Hoye, L., Maenhaut, P.J., Wauters, T., Volckaert, B., De Turck, F.: Logging mechanism for cross-organizational collaborations using hyperledger fabric. In: ICBC 2019 - IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency, pp. 352–359 (2019)
Funding Source
The research project was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) under the “2nd Call for HRFI Research Projects to support Postdoctoral Researchers” (Project Number: 649).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Afentoulis, K.D., Bampos, Z.N., Vagropoulos, S.I., Keranidis, S.D. (2023). A Blockchain-Based Smart Contractual Framework for the Electric Vehicle Charging Ecosystem. In: Nathanail, E.G., Gavanas, N., Adamos, G. (eds) Smart Energy for Smart Transport. CSUM 2022. Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23721-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23721-8_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-23720-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-23721-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)