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Evaluation of mechanical performance and microstructural aspects of AISI 304 stainless steel welded joints produced by controlled short circuit GMAW and GTAW

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Abstract

Recently, developments in the technology used in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) have provided greater control over the parameters, reducing the heat generated, in addition to addressing limitations previously linked to the conventional process. In this work, in comparison to the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), the application of the controlled short-circuit GMAW in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was evaluated, with and without the use of purging gas to protect the root pass, analyzing the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical behavior, through the microscopy analysis, microhardness, bending, and tensile tests performed on the joints. The heat input associated with the controlled short circuit has shown a significant reduction concerning those produced by the GTAW, affecting the dilution. The application of different processes did not modify the microstructural characteristics due to the similarity in the composition of the filler metals used, presenting the solidification mode in the fusion zone, of the ferrite–austenite. The application of the controlled short circuit resulted in higher microhardness, with 211 HV, the highest value. From the results of the bending tests, it was possible to verify that the ductility of the material was not affected by the application of arc welding processes and was not influenced by the lack of purging protection in the root. The tensile strength limit values associated with the different applications satisfied the minimum requirements for the used materials, and the application of the controlled short circuit without purging has shown the highest value, 615 MPa.

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Adapted from ASME IX [40] and ASTM

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Acknowledgements

INTM and FACEPE (APQ-0964-3.03/21) is acknowledged for availability of multiuser infrastructure. TFAS also thank CNPq for scientific productivity scholarship.

Funding

The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by UFPE, ANP, FINEP, CNPq, FACEPE, and CAPES.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departament of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Helen Rodrigues Araújo, Luis Henrique Rodrigues Apolinário, Deusdedit Carlos da Silva Júnior & Tiago Felipe de Abreu Santos

  2. Brazilian Institute for Material Joining and Coating Technologies (INTM), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Helen Rodrigues Araújo, Luis Henrique Rodrigues Apolinário, Deusdedit Carlos da Silva Júnior & Tiago Felipe de Abreu Santos

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Research Group GEA, Medellin, Colombia

    Edwar Andrés Torres

  4. Hyundai Welding, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Andre de Albuquerque Vicente

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  1. Helen Rodrigues Araújo
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Contributions

Helen Rodrigues Araújo: conceived the idea of this research; conducted the welding experiments, mechanical tests, microstructural analysis, digital image analysis, and sample preparation; contributed to the interpretation of the results; and took the lead in writing the manuscript. Edwar Andrés Torres López: investigated and analyzed the findings of the present work; contributed to the interpretation of the results; and revised it critically for important intellectual content. Luis Henrique Rodrigues Apolinário: contributed to welding experiments; conducted some OM and SEM characterization of the samples and contributed with microstructural analysis; and designed the figures and the manuscript formatting. André de Albuquerque Vicente: contributed with microstructural analysis and digital image analysis and contributed to the interpretation of the results. Deusdedit Carlos da Silva Júnior: contributed to mechanical tests of the samples and macrostructural analysis and designed the figures and the manuscript formatting. Tiago Felipe de Abreu Santos: supervised the findings of this work; contributed to the interpretation of the results; and revised it critically for important intellectual content. All the authors contributed to the manuscript writing and reviewing.

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Correspondence to Tiago Felipe de Abreu Santos.

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Araújo, H.R., Torres, E.A., Apolinário, L.H.R. et al. Evaluation of mechanical performance and microstructural aspects of AISI 304 stainless steel welded joints produced by controlled short circuit GMAW and GTAW. Weld World 66, 2443–2459 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-022-01383-5

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