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Current scenario and challenges ahead in application of spermatogonial stem cell technology in livestock

  • Gamete Biology
  • Published:
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the source for the mature male gamete. SSC technology in humans is mainly focusing on preserving fertility in cancer patients. Whereas in livestock, it is used for mining the factors associated with male fertility. The review discusses the present status of SSC biology, methodologies developed for in vitro culture, and challenges ahead in establishing SSC technology for the propagation of superior germplasm with special reference to livestock.

Method

Published literatures from PubMed and Google Scholar on topics of SSCs isolation, purification, characterization, short and long-term culture of SSCs, stemness maintenance, epigenetic modifications of SSCs, growth factors, and SSC cryopreservation and transplantation were used for the study.

Result

The fine-tuning of SSC isolation and culture conditions with special reference to feeder cells, growth factors, and additives need to be refined for livestock. An insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining stemness and proliferation of SSCs could facilitate the dissemination of superior germplasm through transplantation and transgenesis. The epigenetic influence on the composition and expression of the biomolecules during in vitro differentiation of cultured cells is essential for sustaining fertility. The development of surrogate males through gene-editing will be historic achievement for the foothold of the SSCs technology.

Conclusion

Detailed studies on the species-specific factors regulating the stemness and differentiation of the SSCs are required for the development of a long-term culture system and in vitro spermatogenesis in livestock. Epigenetic changes in the SSCs during in vitro culture have to be elucidated for the successful application of SSCs for improving the productivity of the animals.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, Bengaluru, India, for providing the necessary facilities to undertake the work. This research work is supported by the DST-SERB funded project (ECR/2018/001304), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Dr. S. Selvaraju is supported by ICAR-National Fellow Project, ICAR, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

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  1. Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India

    Balakrishnan Binsila, Sellappan Selvaraju, Rajan Ranjithkumaran, Santhanahalli Siddalingappa Archana, Balaganur Krishnappa, Raghavendra B. Subbarao & Arunachalam Arangasamy

  2. Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India

    Subrata Kumar Ghosh & Harendra Kumar

  3. Indian council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India

    Raghavendra Bhatta

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Binsila, B., Selvaraju, S., Ranjithkumaran, R. et al. Current scenario and challenges ahead in application of spermatogonial stem cell technology in livestock. J Assist Reprod Genet 38, 3155–3173 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-021-02334-7

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