Abstract
Activated carbon paper-based materials were prepared from softwood pulp, activated carbon powder, and polyester fiber through wet forming process. Then polyethyleneimine was loaded on the activated carbon paper-based materials using physical impregnation method to fabricate green, low cost, and degradable PEI/activated carbon composite paper-based adsorbent materials (PPCA) for the removal of Cr(VI) from drinking water. The surface characteristics of the adsorbent were analyzed by SEM, EDX, BET, FT-IR, and XPS. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) could reach up to 1.58 mg g−1 when the PEI immersion concentration is 1%, the contact time is 180 min, the temperature is 30 °C and pH = 2. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on PPCA conformed to both the freundlich isotherm model and the quasi-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption was multi-molecular layer adsorption controlled by chemical reaction process. The adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) on PPCA included electrostatic attraction, redox and chelation. Overall, this study provides a green, large-scalable production way for the preparation of biodegradable adsorption materials for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from drinking water aiding the safe management of aqueous system.
Graphical abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azimi A, Azari A, Rezakazemi M, Ansarpour M (2017) Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters: a review. ChemBioEng Rev 4:37–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201600010
Ballav N, Maity A, Mishra SB (2012) High efficient removal of chromium(VI) using glycine doped polypyrrole adsorbent from aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 198–199:536–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.110
Charpentier TVJ, Neville A, Lanigan JL, Barker RJ, Richardson T (2016) Preparation of magnetic carboxymethylchitosan nanoparticles for adsorption of heavy metal ions. ACS Omega 1:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6b00035
Chen SX, Wang J, Wu ZL, Deng Q, Tu WF, Dai GP, Zeng ZL, Deng SG (2018) Enhanced Cr(VI) removal by polyethylenimine- and phosphorus-codoped hierarchical porous carbons. J Colloid Sci 523:110–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.057
Choi KJ, Kim SG, Kim SH (2008) Removal of tetracycline and sulfonamide classes of the antibiotic compound by powdered activated carbon. Environ Technol 29:333–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330802102223
Chowdhury S, Mazumder MJ, Al-Attas O, Husain T (2016) Heavy metals in drinking water: occurrences, implications, and future needs in developing countries. Sci Total Environ 569–570:476–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.166
Demiral H, Demiral I, Tumsek F, Karabacakoglu B (2008) Adsorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbon derived from olive bagasse and applicability of different adsorption models. Chem Eng J 144:188–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.01.020
Ellis AS, Johnson TM, Bullen TD (2002) Chromium isotopes and the fate of hexavalent chromium in the environment. Sci 295:2060–2062. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1068368
Fang W, Jiang X, Luo H, Geng J (2018) Synthesis of graphene/SiO2@ polypyrrole nanocomposites and their application for Cr(VI) removal in aqueous solution. Chemosphere 197:594–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.163
Fu F, Wang Q (2011) Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review. J Environ Manage 92:407–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011
Guan X, Yang H, Sun Y, Qiao J (2019) Enhanced immobilization of chromium(VI) in soil using sulfidated zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 228:370–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.132
Guo DM, An QD, Xiao ZY, Zhai SR, Shi Z (2017a) Polyethylenimine-functionalized cellulose aerogel beads for efficient dynamic removal of chromium(vi) from aqueous solution. RCS Adv 7:54039–54052. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09940a
Guo XZ, Ding L, Kanamori K, Nakanishi K, Yang H (2017b) Functionalization of hierarchically porous silica monoliths with polyethyleneimine(PEI) for CO2 adsorption. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 254:51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.02.076
Hong HJ, Ban G, Kim HS, Jeong HS, Park MS (2021) Fabrication of cylindrical 3D cellulose nanofibril (CNF) aerogel for continuous removal of copper(Cu2+) from wastewater. Chemosphere 278:130288. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2021.130288
Huang D, Liu C, Zhang C, Deng R, Wang R, Xue W, Luo H, Zeng G, Zhang Q, Guo X (2019) Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution using biochar modified with Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide intercalated with ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid. Bioresour Technol 276:127–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.114
Indra DM, Vimal CS, Nitin KA, Indra MM (2005) Removal of congo red from aqueous solution by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses. Chemosphere 61:492–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.065
Jin W, Du H, Zheng S, Zhang Y (2016) Electrochemical processes for the environmental remediation of toxic Cr(VI): a review. Electrochim Acta 191:1044–1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.130
Jin X, Xiang Z, Liu Q, Chen Y, Lu F (2017) Polyethyleneiminebacterial cellulose biosorbent for effective removal of copper and lead ions from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 244:844–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.072
Kobya M (2004) Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto hazelnut shell activated carbon: kinetic and equilibrium Studies. Bioresour Technol 91:317–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.07.001
Kozlowski CA, Walkowiak W (2002) Removal of chromium(vi) from aqueous solutions by polymer inclusion membranes. Water Res 36:4870–4876. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00216-6
Lai KCK, Lo IC (2008) Removal of chromium (VI) by acid-washed zero-valent iron under various groundwater geochemistry conditions. Environ Sci Technol 42:1238–1244. https://doi.org/10.1021/es071572n
Li SL, Li SQ, Wen N, Wei D, Zhang YF (2021) Highly effective removal of lead and cadmium ions from wastewater by bifunctional magnetic mesoporous silica. Sep Purif Technol 265:118341–118352. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SEPPUR.2021.118341
Lin F, You Y, Yang X, Jiang X, Lu B (2017a) Microwave-assisted facile synthesis of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose beads with high adsorption capacity for organic dyes. Cellulose 24:5025–5040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1473-9
Lin Y, Hong Y, Song Q, Zhang Z, Gao J, Tao T (2017b) Highly efficient removal of copper ions from water using poly(acrylic acid)-grafted chitosan adsorbent. Colloid Polym Sci 295:627–635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-017-4042-8
Ma Y, Liu WJ, Zhang N, Li YS, Jiang H, Sheng GP (2014) Polyethylenimine modified biochar adsorbent for hexavalent chromium removal from the aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 169:403–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.014
Mallampati R, Valiyaveettil S (2013) Apple peels-a versatile biomass for water purification? ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:4443–4449. https://doi.org/10.1021/am400901e
Mojdeh O, Mohamed KA, Wan MAWD (2010) Hexavalent chromium adsorption on impregnated palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine. Bioresour Technol 101:5098–5103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.135
Pan RR, Zou JX, Li Y, Jin XJ (2018) Hyperbranched polyethylenimine modified waste fiberboard activated carbon for enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium. J Wood Chem Technol 3813:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2017.1388820
Pang Y, Zeng GM, Tang L, Zhang Y, Liu YY, Lei XX, Li Z, Zhang JC, Xie GX (2011) PEI-grafted magnetic porous powder for highly effective adsorption of heavy metal ions. Desalination 28:278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.08.001
Rengaraj S, Yeon KH, Moon SH (2001) Removal of chromium from water and wastewater by ion exchange resins. J Hazard Mater 87:273–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00291-6
Ricardo M, Edwin AM (2015) Hyperbranched polyester polyol modified with polylactic acid. J App Polym Sci 132:41589. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.41589
Shao YT, Fan ZH, Zhong MF, Xu W, He C, Zhang ZJ (2021) Polypyrrole/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composites for hexavalent chromium removal. Cellulose 28:2229–2240. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10570-020-03660-2
Sudaryanto Y, Anggorowati AA, Sianto ME (2021) Study of Pb (II) adsorption by tannin based adsorbent from mangrove bark (Rhizophora mucronate). J Phys: Conf Ser 1858:012083–101289. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012086
Sun XF, Ma Y, Liu XW, Wang SG, Gao BY, Li XM (2010) Sorption and detoxififi-cation of chromium(VI) by aerobic granules functionalized with polyethylenimine. Water Res 44:2517–2524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.027
Sun YY, Yue QY, Gao BY, Gao Y, Li Q, Wang Y (2013) Adsorption of hexavalent chromium on arundodonax linn activated carbon amine-crosslinked copolymer. Chem Eng J 217:240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.121
Tasrin S, Mohamed MFS, Padmanaban VC, Selvaraju N (2020) Surface modification of nanocellulose using polypyrrole for the adsorptive removal of Congo red dye and chromium in binary mixture. Int J of Biol Macromol 151:322–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.181
Vedenyapina MD, Kurmysheva AY, Kulaishin SA, Kryazhev YG (2021) Adsorption of heavy metals on activated carbons (a Review). Solid Fuel Chem 55:83–104. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0361521921020099
Wan NWS, Hanafiah MAKM (2008) Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: a review. Bioresour Technol 99:3935–3948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.011
Wan C, Jiao Y, Li J (2017) Flexible, highly conductive, and free-standing reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole/cellulose hybrid papers for supercapacitor electrodes. J Mater Chem A 5:3819–3831. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA04844G
Xiao C, Liu X, Mao S, Zhang LJ, Lu J (2017) Sub-micron-sized polyethylenimine-modified polystyrene/Fe3O4/chitosan magnetic composites for the efficient and recyclable adsorption of Cu(II) ions. Appl Surf Sci 394:378–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.10.116
Xing XY, Li WQ, Zhang J, Wu H, Guan Y, Gao H (2021) TEMPO-oxidized cellulose hydrogel for efficient adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ modified by polyethyleneimine. Cellouse 28:7953–7968. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10570-021-04052-W
Xu Y, Wang D, Xie M, Jing L, Huang Y, Huang L, Xu H, Li H, Xie J (2019) Novel broad spectrum light responsive PPy/hexagonal-SnS2 photocatalyst for efficient photoreduction of Cr(VI). Mater Res Bull 112:226–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.12.017
Zhang J, Chen H, Chen Z, He J, Shi W, Liu D, Chi H, Cui F, Wang W (2016) Microstructured macroporous adsorbent composed of polypyrrole modified natural corncob-core sponge for Cr(VI) removal. RSC Adv 6:59292–59298. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA07687D
Zhang L, Fang M (2010) Nanomaterials in pollution trace detection and environmental improvement. Nano Today 5:128–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2010.03.002
Zhang Y, Li M, Li J, Yang Y, Liu X (2019) Surface modified leaves with high efficiency for the removal of aqueous Cr(VI). Appl Surf Sci 484:189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.088
Zhang YZ, Zhao MW, Cheng Q, Wang C, Li HJ, Han XG, Fan ZH, Su GY, Pan D, Li ZY (2021) Research progress of adsorption and removal of heavy metals by chitosan and its derivatives: a review. Chemosphere 279:130927. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2021.130927
Zhao CH, Hu LL, Zhang CG, Wang SS, Wang XZ, Huo ZY (2021) Preparation of biochar-interpenetrated iron-alginate hydrogel as a pH-independent sorbent for removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II). Environ Pollut 287:117303. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2021.117303
Zhao J, Li Z, Wang J, Li Q, Wang X (2015) Capsular polypyrrole hollow nanofibers: an efficient recyclable adsorbent for hexavalent chromium removal. J Mater Chem A 3:15124–15132. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA02525G
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Shandong Science and Technology Program Project (2015GGX102029) and Shandong Academy of Sciences, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2021QC158)
Funding
The authors have not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [Tianliang Gao]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Tianliang Gao] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, T., Zhao, C., Wang, S. et al. Polyethyleneimine/activated carbon paper-based material for low-concentration hexavalent chromium removal. Cellulose 29, 7301–7315 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04720-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04720-5