The Utah Juniper, Volume 10 by USU Libraries

VOLUME X tfl

..;.YI~

J/ ltJ 19.59

THE UTAH JUNIPER

Annual P u bli co /ion of

THE UTAH FORESTERS UTflH STflTE flGRICULTURflL COLLEGE LOG.AN, UT.AH VOLUME 10

1939

( l' lou lo

HOME OF THE GUflRDiflN

l •. '-'. l'o orosl

Scni<·d

CDedication To th e c men , guardi<tns of the fore,[, unhonored and un ung, leading a lonely but welul lilc . \\€' r('sp<'cllully d edi ca te thi ' , the I nth issue of th e Utah ] uniper.

THE LOOKOUT Cocll;u/e tlrour~lli, wftc•tt lie skillfully wrougltt T!te peaks of tltis wonderful land, Tltat cabin · of wood built solid and good \Voufcl be placed on their tops by matt. For i} lle lwcl , 1/c.'d fwu e been glad....i \t leas t l'm rc>a onable ur ,,__ To ftat >e usNl 111orc care as ft c put them there Tlt e colll[ort s o} mart to sc>cure. For ct higlt, s ton e fJC'ah i~ co fcl ((ll!l bfc>ak In tfte time of a rnf)ing storm,

Or sltitting IJrinftl tPitlt all fti 111igl1t Tlte sun makes it tllif)!tty wcmn. Yet tfl(•re 's ttWtt v c1 lwntc> ott n rocT~v clotnc> Uptftrust tftroun!t tft c• {orl'st land . . \VlH•rc> , in Twt july u•f1c>n all is dry, A lookout tnkc>s fli s stone/. 1\ncl tf1ere ft c> ;tovs. tTu·oun Twut tTte clay . . TTwt tl1c> sun nod rl'if!ns supreml'; And Tte kec•ps Clll C')'l' on l'ortlt,and sk ~· To report eocTt s111okl' tTwt's . ec>n. OTt n Toolwut's Ti[P o[ Tonc>ly stri[e 'Ti s rou(ITI . Tmt if is good; TTc> TiPI'S l>v llilll sc>T{ on a rocky . Ttelf Tn a pl'ni/enlial mood.

TRBLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

' over, Old Junipe r (V.

I. Bentl ey )

Dedication -------------- --------·- -------------·----------- ____ ----------------- ___ -------------------

le te r D es ig n (H. T C is! orne) ----------------------- --------- --------

Fire Danger

The Ro le of Chem ica ls in Fire Break 0 la i ntenance ( J-1 . D. Brw e) ____ 12 Recent Fire Con tro l Developments (T_ H. Van i\ leter) _______ ·--

\ Virc'less Comm uni ca ti on a . a Factor in Fire ont ro l (Lloyd .J. As tl e) __________ ------··- ______ ________ _____ .......... _______ ......... 23 Tlw Forestry Faculty _______ _

C lass of I 939 ______________ __

taff ________ .

----------- _________ 3 I

l ' ta h Juniper

Phi Camma Rh o ...

L' tah Fore,(er ,

3()

An Editorial (Dean ll ob-,on).. Sc h oo l of Fores tr y Roll Ca ll __________ _

Tlw F a ll Barlwq u e ·------------------- _

A Vacation in Sc hoo l (01ax l{ ubinson) ___________ ----------- __________ ......... 13 T wei ft h Ann u a I

nquet. ___________________ .. ____ --------------------- ______ ----------------- 17

Paul's Party _________________________________________________ .

. . ----· ___

__ ____________ --17

Junipe r High l_ig ht s _____________________________________________________ .. _____________________ ciS lntrarnura ls

--------- -------------------------------------------------- --------- 50

Advice to a F ire Cuard (Professor George H. Ba rn es ) ______________________ 5 1 l n 0 lemorium --------------- -- ---------- ----------------------------------------- .. ------------------------ 52 To th e A lumni (Pa ul ]\f. Dunn . D ea n) ____________________________________________ ____ 53 lumni Brca kf as t ·---------------------- --· ______ ·----------·---··------------------------------------- 5•1 lumni Directo ry .. ------·-------------------------------------------·----- .. -·---------------- -- ··--- 53

FIRE DflNGER METER DESIGN

By H. T.

c,_ noR

In Charge, Oiuisiotl of Fores t Protection . ortlwrn aocky l\ Ioun tain Forest and Rcm9e Experi111 ent .~ tation fire danger meters, boards. <hurts, or other d e vice> for inlegmling th e factors of fire danger that var from day lo day con,lilule one of the thre e essentia l slep in obta inin q an index of the size of fore, [ fire con trol orqanizalion needed al any particular lim e. These three basic >lep' have been outlined hy the writer in an arli< le . 'The fJrinc ipl es of .\ lei\suring Forest Fire Danger .. without. howe,·er. allelllpling lo disnt"" the various po>sible methods of integrating th e ,.ever<.! danger lador,.. \ \lith dan{:!er meters. hoards. charts and o th er methods now being e' o lved for this purpose in praclically even• fore,.( region of the United S tales, the outs tanding possibilities deserve carefu l consideration. '\'o space will be used here desuihin£! any indi((•,. "hiclt torn prise on ly one factor of fire danger and req uire no integration . Tlten· ltave been many of th ese such a, evaporation ral e alone or vapor pres'ure ,.lone "" proposed by :-lunth in 1921. relative humidity as proposed bv ll ofrman <tnd Osborne in J()22 and modified 1)\' 'hank in 1933. duff n;oi,Jurc ,.lone ds proptbed I>~ (;;,horne i11 J()2). ~r by Sti<lel in 1<>2,' . or pre< ipila lion alone a> proposed by l .o ,·er id ge in l ()) ). Sut h sin g]e inrlin•, may he u<eful in partially eslimi\ling proiMhle fire behavior in a spe< ilic fuel lype but il is generdlly retognized today tltal other factors a lso have a pronounced effe< t on the Q'enera l or lola I fire danger lo be < onsidered in obtaining an index ,.,uilable as a guide lo the size of the fire contro l orJ.(an iza li on . As illustrated by tiH· dan[!cr mlin[! s< hernes nO\\ beinQ' developed in Region> One, Two. Five. Six, Seven. E i!! hl. and :\' ine of tl1e Forest Sen·ice and the lesling of the Region One method in Region Four. the type of first dan[!er index most urgently needed by fire control administrators is a numeric <t l method lo replace the o ld simple. all inclusive !1enera lili es of "eas ·. average. had . darned had . and (wor~e ex pletive) had. " These [!eneralilies. ne< essary in lieu of any more ~pee ific rnling. were nol intended lo app ly lo any parlitular spot or luel type. or lo any particular hour o l the day. They were merely £!<'nera l summat ions of a ll the faclors of dan[!er. for th e day as a whole. and w.uillly for an en tire ranger district. often an entire Na ti onal Forest. The supervisor th en bui lt up or reduced his fire con tro l force. usual" for th e forest as a whol e on th e basis of thi s genera l. avem[!e dange;· as l1 e and his ranger" rough ly es tim a ted il. From th e begin ning of or[!anized fir e co ntrol until tl1e adven t of " measured dan{:!er" men naturally expressed th;,. !fetlCralily in word~ rather than in numbers. Hefore the in ven ti on of thermomeler" people "[!o t aloll£!" with the lem1" " cold ." "coo l. .. " warm " and " lt ol" hut tho,e would h<~rdly he adequate for a techni c ian today. In thi~ tonnecl ion il is worth while lo rf'peal a slalemenl hy tl1al famous phvsici l, Lord I\: <' kin . " \ \'hi'P vou can measure wl1al you

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JUNIPER

are speaking about and express it in number , you know something about il, but whe n you annot mea ure it , wh en you ca nnot express it in numbe rs. yo~r knowl c d~e is of a mea~er and un sati sfa ctory kind. It may be the b eginning of kn owl ed ge but you have sca rce ly in y our thou g ht s a dvan ced lo th e stage of a sc ie n ce ." Sub stitution of a numerical scale for word d escription s w as. there for e, m e re ly a fir -t step or all empl toward a >c ientifi c m e th od of r a ting fir e d a nge r, a nd th e ra ting first need ed wa s for a n e ntire Fores t, a whol e ra nge r di strict , or a t lea st th e ge n e ra l vi c ini! • of a p a rti cul a r station for th e d ay a a whol e. Thi s point , ra ting ge ne ra l or gross d a n ge r, d eserves emphas is b eca u se rece nt ex peri e n ce indi a te th a t som e m e n a re for ge ttin g thi o ri g in a l a nd esse nti a l functi o n o f d a nger rn lin gs. Dur ing th e pa st few yea rs in R e gion On e, wh re fi eld m e n a rc now b ecomin g intim a te ! fa mili a r with num e ri cal d a n ge r ra tin gs , the re h a ve b ee n num crou c rili c ism s voiced th, l " thi s" fir e in c heat grn ss at 4 p.m. burn ed harde r th a n th e d a n ge r ratin g indi ca ted. a nd th a t " th a t" fir e in a . pruce h og n t 4 a. m. did not burn a h a rd as th e ra lin!.( pro mi sed . Tl1 e voi cers of ~ u c h criti c ism s obvi o us ly fo rget th a t th ey th e mse lves w o uld n ot m an a ll th eir fire contro l sta ti o n s co ve rin g th e ir m a ny fu e l ty pes fo r ch ea lg ra~s fires a t cl p .m . a lo ne. o r fo r s pruce bog fi res nl I a. m . a lo ne. Th ey ,d so ove r look th e fa ct th a t Htt h ilppli ca li ons o f d a n ger ra lin(!s intro du ce a n ew facto r-fu el lype-wl1i ch is o ne o f th e to n slanl s ra th e r th a n o n e of d a il y vari a hi es o f d n n ge r. \\'h e n th e<(' fi)( ls a re co n 'id e red it is usu a ll v co nclud ed th a t th e m i1 nnin !f o f fir e contro l sta ti o n s o n a ra n ge r di slri-d as a wh o le sh o uld b e for th e (!enera l. ave rage b eh a vi o r o f a ll fir es in a ll fu e l types durin g tlw w o rst pa rt. hut not th e ver y worst in stant. of the d a •. Th e fir e dange r ra t in !.( m os t ur ge ntl y n eed ed is ther<' for e o ne whi ch d es ig n a les num erica ll y th e m ·e rage w orst co nditi o n s "hi c h m ay he ex p ect ed a nd whi c h co mpri ses a ll th e s ianifi ca nt fa ct o rs of d a n11e r. n o t me rely on e s in 11 le fac tor. Th e mos t s ig nifi can t a rc ge ne ra ll y th e a ft e rn oo n meteo ro log ica l co nditi o n s. l_c JH..( lh o f tl1 e ni11ht is a n in es <a p a hl c facto r. h o" eve r. b eca u se th e grea ter th e h ours o f d a rkn e . s th e lo n ger th e pe ri od o f s low fi re s pread a nd easy co ntro l. If th e fire d an ger index is to re prese nt tl1 e ge n e ra l size a nd diffi cultv o f th e fir e co ntro l joh . th e n th a t index must ra te th ose d ays lo w er "hi l h h a ve th e m os t ho urs o f slow burnin g. o th er thin gs b e in g equ n l. Th n t th ese h o urs va ry sig nifi ca ntl y is evid e nt fr o m th e co mpil a ti on s o f " l1 o u rs o f poss ib le s un shin e" a va il abl e fo r re fer en ce a t a n y first-o rd e r m e teor o logical sta ti o n . At i\li ssoul a. i\lonl a n a. fo r exnmpl e. th e re a re o nl y 8 . 1 h o urs fr o m s un se t lo sunri se o n Jun e 22. hut th ere a re II., h ours o f thi s cooler. mo re humid d a rlmes. o n e pte mber 22. a nd I 3.•1 su c h h o urs o n O ctob er 22. Alth o u gh suc h fa d s ma y see m. a l fir st. lo h a , e littl e o r no b ea rin U o n d a n ge r m e te r d es ign th ey a rc b as ic to it beca use th e numbe r a nd bnd o f fa to rs b eli eved lo h e s ignifi ca nt d e termin e th e co mpl ex it y or simpli c it-y o f th e me ter. boa rd . or ch a rts. If h ours o f fav orabl e a nd h o urs o f unfa vo rabl e burnin g condition s nre s ignifi ca nt . th e n thi s facto r

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JUNIPER

mu st be incorporated into th e danger meter, board, chart, or table along with fu e l moi sture or humidity a a n index of fuel moi sture , wind , lightning. preva len ce of man's activity in sta rting fires. visibility di .tance. an d any other esse ntial co ndition s. 'election of th ese fnttor is, therefore. th e fir st ste p in d a nge r me ter d es ig n. llowever. th e more facto rs se lected th e mo re co mpl ex th e m eter will be an d simpli c it y is a lways de irah le. H ow the se\'era l se pa ra te facto rs of danger are to be integra ted into a num erica l rating is th e secon d process. If the factor w eight s a rc believed to be a dditiYe, th ey can be co mbined eas il y with ou t use of a ny ch arts or s lid e rule devices as illustra ted by th e following f'xam plc~ from th e R eg ion Two method: .\ notlwr day

] ","lor

~latu ..

\Vind ........................................ 2 mph Temperature ............................ 63 " Fue l moisture -----··-··--·--··-·-·-----23% One- fourth relati\'C humidi ty .. l 3% TOTAL

-··-····-······--·····-·· · ·-· ..... ·10%

D a ·s sinte la, t ra in .... ......... 0 Vc!-(etation __ .........................Crcen Sta l11 <

25 mph 100° 3% 3%

35% 13 %

23% 23% O%

- 10%

o f firr d anf_!cr ....... .. . I /"in• ( Pl1oln ( 'ourt f' .. \

/)""fl' ''

l '.

Cluu I I ort'' l

\\',·iJ!I.I

~CT\ i<<')

C ured

100 %

T HE

UTAH

JU NIP ER

Thi s a dditive met hod is no w u sed in R eg io n ,'e n •ice. It h as th e m a rb' d a dv an tage o f simpli c it y res tri cted to reg io n s o r fu e l types wh e re a ce rta in wi n d fo r exa mpl e. a lways h as th e sa me e ffec t up on less o f th e s ta tus of a ll tl1 e oth e r fa cto rs.

Two o f th e F o res t hut il is obvi o u s ly fa<" to r. a - 5 m .p.h . fir e d a n ge r regard-

los t o f th e d a n ge r ra tin g st h e mcs n o w in u sc g ive much m o re w <' i ~ h t, a t o ne tim e o r a n o tl1 c r. to a stro n g wind as th <' fu e ls h eto me

dri e r a nd dri e r. Th e Ca lifo rni a " lass o f o rga niza ti o n inde-x" ch a rt. lo r exa mpl e. g ives a n in c rease o f o nl y ha lf <1 c lass in th C' d n n Q"C' r ra tin g if th e wi n d vel oc it y increases lo 25 m. p.h. whil e th e fu e l> me a t 20 pe rce nt m o is ture co nt e nt. but il ra ises th e d a n ge r ra tin g mo re th an lwo classes if th e wind ch a n ges fr o m ca lm to 25 m .p.h . wh e never th e fu e l mo is tu re is a l 5 p e rce nt. Th e A ppa lac hi a n la li o n 's ln tes l m e te r for th e fa r eas te rn U nit ed S to les lil<e w ise ra ises th e d a n ge r ratin g o nl y o ne c lass fo r a n in c rease fr o m ca lm to a _5 m .p.h . wind ri ght n ft e r a good ra in but jumps th e d a n t;(e r three wh o le cl asses for thi s same w ind c h a n!-(e if it oct urs 9 lo 13 d ays a ft e r th e las t (:(ood ra in . Th e R eg io n O ne meth od recoq ni zes tlli s ~a m c principl e du rin g th e ea rl y a nd la te po rtion s o f a fir e seaso n but durin ~ th e peal< m o nll1 s. Ju ly II to Sep te mbe r 10. th e l~ eg i o n One me th od mo re n ea rl y fo ll ow s tl1 e Reg io n T w o, dditi \(' sc he me . T he l _n l<e ,' ta lc'> me ter ( 1937 mod e l) ra ises th e d a n qrr ra ti ng fo r fr es h wi nds h ardl v anv if th e hum idit Y i ~ hi gh b ut as mu c h as three c lasses if th e ln;midi.tv s ho uld be l o ,~· ri g ht a fte r n !!ood r<~ in . N in e or mo re d a vs a ft er ~ good ra in . a nd u n d er <e rt a in o th er co nditi o n s. th e La l<e S t ~ t es meter ro~i ses tiH' rn tin g l,y o ne c lnss if th e wind in crenses fr o m ca lm lo 18 m.p .h . rega rdl ess o f'' hd h er tl1 e hum idit y i> hi gh o r lo w . Th e P ac ifi c No rthwes t d a n ger h oard g ives no \\ e ight lo , wind increase if tlw fu e ls a re w e l a n d vege ta ti o n is g ree n . hut ra ises th e ra tin g b y o ne cl nss, fo r a n in crease fr o m calm to a 13 m.p .h . wind , if eith e r th e fu e ls a rc dr y or th e ve[.!e ta li on is c ured . All o f thc· se sy · te m. th e re fo re 1-( ivc mo re w c i!-( hl to <1 wind in c rease und e r ce rt a in co nditi o n s n nd l e~s w ei!! ht und e r o th e r~. Tlli s h as n o l ye t b ee n d o ne co n ve ni e ntl y by th e s impl e. a dditive mdh od. 'o rtll\\·e~ l o r R eg io n S ix " int eg ra ti o n ta bl es" con T h e P ac ifi c s titut e a n o th e r re la ti,·e ly simpl e me th od o f inte!-( ra lin !! th e fir e d a n ge r factors se lected. [iy s ue h ta bl es it is easv lo o bt a in fir s t a " b u rn in!! index" an d th e n " ;h a t R eg io n i-x ca ll s a- " cl ass o f d ay ind ex." Th is is d one b y u s in ~ two se ts o f ta bl es. o ne fo r th e fa cto rs o f fir e h eh "' vi or . a nd a no th er to hrin q in th ose facto rs h av in g no effect 0 11 b e h av ior. s u c h us vi sibilit y a nd ac ti v it y o f th e Cc u sa tiv e age n c ies. h ut re"rogn iz<"d as e ffect ive in co nt ro llin g o rga nizn li o n s ize. S u c h ta bl es me rely li ,t a ll poss ibl e co mbi na tio n s o f b as ic facto rs. eac h facl o r ra n!!e he in g di Yid cd int o gro ups o r t la , ses. eac h poss ibl e co mbin a ti o n o f a ll factor a-roups th e n be in q give n an ind e-x n umh e r. ,\li q nrn e nt c h a rt s o ffe r a no th e r m th od , o f s pec ial ·s la li s ti c a l sou nd ness. for inl egra tin q fac tor meas uremen ts int o nu mer ica l indi ces. T h is m e th od h as b ee n u sed s u ccess fullv 1)\' S ti c ke l in th e l\'o rth eas t to in leqra le th o'ie factor<; a ffect in q fu; l m~ i s lure int o a n in d e-x o f fore-;l in fl ammab ilit v. Thi , index is pa rli a llv co mpa ra bl e lo th e " burni n!! index " u sed i;1 R eg io n ~ ix. but o mit s ,,.'i nd as a fa ct o r o f ra te o f spread

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of fire. Th e lorth ea st-ern m e thod stop s with th e d e rivation of a burnin g index an d do es not include v isibilit y di sta n ce a nd ac tivity o f th e fireta rlin g age n c i es~man a nd li ghtnin g. II th ese prob ably could h e in co rpo ra ted into a li gnm ent dt a rl s a nd th e inte gra tion a nd fin a l n umerica l ra lin {.! of ge n e ra l. tot a l d a n ge r th ereb y obt a in ed b thi s m ethod. u c h ch url s would b e ve ry co mpl ex but th ey would h ave th e m a rke d a d va nt age o f utili zin g sm a ll sle ps in each fac to r m eas ureme nt a nd o f produ c in g a fin a l ind ex likewi se w a du a led into sm a ll int erv a ls. Fo r exa mpl e. wh en th e lo la ! ra n ge o f any factor is s ub di v ided in to 1-(ro ups. su c h as 0-3. 4-7. - 12. 13- IH m .p .h . o f wind . fo r ins lan e. a < h a n ge fr om a 3 to a L[ , a 7 to a n 8. a 12 to a 13, etc .. resu lt in a jum p ra th er th a n a sma ll lep in th e int egra ti on. \ V hil e evNyth in g in :'\'a lure is di scon tinu ous. in c ludin g Tim e. th e d isco ntinuit y is us u a ll y by suc h sma ll sle ps th a t th e process is co nlinuo u. for p rac ti ca l purposes s uc h as fir e co ntro l. F ire d a n ge r m ay see m to in crease o r d ecrease. a t lim es. b y lea ps. but th e c h a n ge ac tu a ll y is b y ve ry sma ll sle ps. Th e uftim a lc d a n ge r me te rs und o ubt ed y will break th e ra tin gs inl o th e sm a ff cs l pra cli ca l o r a ppi ca bf c s l e p ~ an d will a voi d ohvi o 11 s jumps he ll r th a n is d o ne ,, t prese nt. In Rc{.!io n F ive sim p le <o rrc fa li on t h a rl s. givin j! a n " in dex num ber" fo r a ny <omb in a li on of tw o faclors. are used lo ob tai n three dis lin e! in d i ces~a n " igniti on in d ex." a "sp rea d ind ex." a nd a n 'Âˇorga n iza ti on ind ex." Th e fa ll er is b a.cd up on o nl y fu el mo isture an d "in cl . l .ig hlnin g. visib ilit y cli sla nce, m a n' s u se o r presence in th e fores t, th e h erbaceo us stage. re la ti ve humidit y. and prec ip ita ti o n are m eas u red or es tim a ted a nd included o n th e R e(:(i o n F ive fi re da n ger d a il y rf'cord but a re n o t < l p rese nt in cl u de d in d f' ri' in ![ 1T1e Tass o f o rga ni za t io n ind ex. In R eg io n s O ne. Se ve n . e ig-ht. a nd lin e th e prese nt m ete rs a rc des ig ned o n th e slide ru le prin c ip le simil ar to th e " H arvey Exposure :'-l e ter " u,ed in ph otog ra ph y . C ir ul ar d isks. simil a r to th ose em p loyed b y th e H aro ld o r \ Vell comc ex pos u re m lers a lso cou ld he u . ed to inco rp ora te a n a lm ost un li m it ed num be r o f fi re dange r fa< lors. T he < os l and mech anica l d iffi cu lti e~ o f prin ti ng. culli ng. <cn lerinl.(. and m o u n tin g pe rfect c ircles is th e prin c ipa l d isaclva nl al.(e in th e fa ll er me th od . By c m p l oy in ~ th e H a rvey ex posu re meier me th od of con, [ru cl io n th e me ters no w u sed in Reg io n s O ne . Seve n , F.: ighl. a nd :\f ine ens il v include a ll o f th e ma n v factors believed to be e sen li a l lo ge n e ra l .d a n ge r ru lin g a nd th e cf~,Âˇices !t a ve th e add ed nclvnn lages o f poch l size. easy m a nufac tu re. a nd low cos t. I nco rpo ra tion of a ll s ignifi ca nt facto rs req uires lwo sli des fo r th e 1orlh ern R ocky ]\!fo u n ta in and L ah S ta les me ter .. bu t on ly o n e fo r Lit e Cen tra l S ta les. P iedmo nt <1nd Coa , la l Pl a in . So uth ern 1\pp n lac hi a n 1\ foun ta in . and J em i. o n 's ne \\ es l "for usc in th e moun ta in o us re~ i ons of th e eas te rn n itcd , l ale~ ." O n e o f th e m a jor asse ts o f lit e poc ke t-sized me ie r is it ~ pocket ~ i ze . wh ich pe rmits men lo carry th em an d refer lo th em read il y. T hi s was a very impo rl n nt factor in th e ea rl y s tages o f d e ve lopi n g mea~uremen l s of fores t fire dange r. wh en w idesprcnd me of the me th od na lu ra fl y

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UTAH

JUNIPER

depended upon widespread discussion and frequent checl<ing under field conditions. This need probably is now decreasing in direct proportion to increased familiarity with the method and the rating scale. One of the ma jor disadvantages of the pocke t-s ized me ter is lacl< of space (I) to ex plain all featur es fully. an d (2) to provide th e num e rous small s te ps or rtraduations of eac h fa c tor prev iously men tione d . To ex plain fully th e operation of th e meter requires se ve ral pa ges of text for any of the m e ters now in u se, although so me a re muc h more se lf-evid en t th a n others. This difficulty is spec ia lly great, a nd th e c han ce of misuse of th e method in c reased. wh en so me factor s u c h a~ vegetative cond ition h as to be e tim a ted because it canno t be mea~ured. To provide small s te ps, daily gradations of dangN from 1\lay I to October 31. on th e R eg ion One nwter, would require a d ev ice probabl) fiv e lim es th e s ize of the present device. U nd e r prese nt prac ti ces of fir e co ntrol th e re fin e me nt a ttain a bl e hy graduating by d ays, by s ingl e perce nt s o f fuel moi s ture. or b y s ingl e mil es of wind arc unwarranted. however. a nd portability or compactness of th e meter design is s till h c licvcd to b e th e more important fea ture. Only one exper im en t s tation ha s as y<'l g iven marl<ed empl1asi> to the di~pla~ or puhlic int erest value in danger meter,. The IJacifi( '\'orth"e't Experiment S tati on has done this hy de,elopmenl of their ''danQer hoard." a " ood panel mcasurinQ l th2 1 inche, and " eig hin!! ,1bou l I I pounck '\in c "ind o " ~ in tl1f' f<He of th e ho,nd , ho" the month. dav. furl moi,ture. relative humiditv . "ind n•loc ilv. herbace ous stage, . visibility. rislc and < la>-s of day -. tiH' Iactor m~asuremenh !wing numhered a nd add ition a ll y indicated in co lor. \ \'hitc or ureen is u ~ed for most favorahle cond ition s. and th e n hlue. )ellow. orange. and red a' the fac lor or cia" becomes more d angcro u ,. Conven ien t hrass lmoh, permit turning up th e proper co lor and class numlwr. The l\\o 'mall inteuralion t ab l e~ to ddcrmine "hurning inde.._·· and ''c·la;,s o l day ... pn.> ' io u s ly mentioned. are mounted on the face of th e hoard for convenient referelH<'. The de, ice is eve -c ale hin!! <llld altr.td' a ll en li on. hut lor puhli informa ti on thi s de.vice i~ lib• a ll th e ot h er~: it require' a hool-::lct or an annou1Her to exp lain it. In many pla<es . ho\\ C\ er. especia ll y on th e "\a ti ona I Parb "h ere annOLincero; MC' part of the \\ork. thi, displm· or public inlere~t feature of danger meter design undoubted!) de;,en·e, careful co n sid C'r<llion . . \II of th <' inl <'gralin~ charts. table;,. meter~. and hoards so far rone o f th em ;,('n·e to "10\\ that hi g ldv s ignifi cant f('ilture. the trend of danger: whether leve l. upward. o r downward. epa rate <h a rt s ap parC' ntl) are nec<'"ary for thi ;, purpose a lth o u gh it might ht> possible to print on one s ide of Oll t' of th e slid es in a rnekr a hlnnl-:: <har t for r<'cording. say. <Ia " of d.111!!er and percenln!!e of organ iza ti on on duh. hv d avs. , \ new ,[ide. a nd <hart. co uld be furni s hed all me te r owners d<'Si~ned do n o more th an rate tl1 e d ange r fo r one day a t a lim e.

e<~ch ~·ear.

One new fea ture introdu ced bv th e meter for th e mountain s th e eastern U nited Stales is th<' in-co rporation of d esu iption s of th e

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

lour m a jor ty pe of ge n e ra l wea th e r foreca ts-prec ipil a ti o n . un se ttl ed . p a rtl y cloudy, a nd fa ir, to ge th er with predicted wind ve lo c it y b y the sta nd a rd te rmin o lo gy . B y se ttin g thi s m e ter for d a te. number o f d ays s in ce las t ra in . th e wind predicti o n . a nd th e ge ne ra l w ea th e r fo recas t. a d a nger ra tin g for tomorrow is obtain a bl e. Obvious ly, a la rge p a rt o f th e d epe nda bility o f su c h a d a n ge r ra tin g is b a ed up o n th e acc uracy o f th e w ea th er predicti o n . F or th e eas te rn mounta in o u s reg io ns th ese pred i( li ons h a ve been fo und suff ic ie ntl y depen d ab le to jus tify thi s ne\\ fea ture in d a n ger m e ter d es ig n . Th e>f' many fea tures of des ig n a nd me tlt od of int egra ti ng fire da n ge r facto r ~ cons titut e a co m p lex it ) th a t is n ot rea dil y so lved . To d a te so me sacrifi ces , or a t lea> l co m prom ises. h a ve b een made in ever) nH' tl tod in use . It is hi ghl y de, irah le th a t the va ri o u s poss ibil iti es J){' studi ed ca refull y in n il reg io ns b eca use eve ntua ll y th e re will a lm ost certa in k be need for a n a tio nwi de d anger rn ti ng sc heme. '\ ith a me ter. hodl'd. ~r ( !t a rt th a t ca n be used o n dan ger facto r meas urc tn e nl ' fr o n t .tl1\ rel-( io n to f.( ive d nn(!e r ra tin gs co mpara bl e IH' twee n reg ion s.

;

THE ROLE OF CHEMIC.A.LS IN FIREBRE.A.K M.A.INTEN.A.NCE

/3y H . D.

BR UCE

C ali fo rnia F ores t and Ran ge E xperim e nt S totion B erk eley, C alifornia Tfw Pro bl('m o{ F ire break Mn inl enonrl' In th e ' la te o f Ca lifo rni a th ere a re over 3400 mil es o f fir ebreak s. Thi exte n siv e sys te m co n titules a n impo rt a nt p a rt o f th e forest fire co ntrol faciliti es whi c h h a ve b ee n d e ve lo ped h y co unt y. sla te. a nd fed era l age n c ies over th e p as t 30 yea rs. Of thi s sys tem o f fir e brea ks nea r ly 2700 mil es a re in south e rn a liforni a wh e re brea ks o f fr om 40 to 100 fee l in width a re loca ted o n m os t o f th e m a in divide rid ges a nd on la tera ls b e tw een impo rt a nt subdra in ages. Th e cove r in thi s south e rn countr i c h a pa rr a l, infl a mm a bl e in th e dry season . d e n se a nd res ista nt to fire li n e con !ruction . ye t importa nt as w a te rshed pro tection to th e grea t pro pe rl y va lues in th e lo" la nd . In n o rth e rn a li fo rni a th e re a re a b out 700 mil es of fir e breal, co n 'i s tin g fo r th e mos t p a rt o f " P o nde rosa V\l ay ." tl1 a l grea t break. '5 0 lo 130 fee l wide. runnin g lo r 600 mil e d o wn th e w es tern sid o f th e ie rra Ne ,·a d a ]\ fo unta in s b etwee n th e w oodl a n d typ on th e low e r s id e a nd th e co nifer type a b ove. Th e P o nd e rosa \V ay w as initi a ted in 19 33 as a n E me rge n cy Co nserva ti o n W ork pro ject. l .ow bu sh y vege ta ti o n w as cut a w ay. snags a nd fall e n logs w e re re moved , trees w e re thinn ed . a nd lowe r limbs o f a ll trees left sta ndin g- w e re remo ved to a h eight o f 8- 10 fee t. Th e purpose o f thi s great broad fir ebreak is lo a id in r es tra inin g fir e sta rtin g in th e wood la nd type o f th e foo thill s fr o m rag in g u p a nd int o th e co mm erc ia l sta nd s o f pin e timbe r o f th e hi g h e r e leva ti o n s. Th e Ca liforni a fire brea f< s ·ste m re prese nt s a n inves lm f' nl o f nea rl y , 3.000.000. To fJrOtecl thi s inves lm nt th ese firebreab mu st b e ma in ta ined b y su ccess i,·e c lea rin g o pera ti o n a t inl f' rv a ls o f fr o m o ne to three years . Trac tors a nd scra pe rs ca n h e u sed o n a bo ut h a lf o f th e brea ks. but th e o th e r h a lf mu st h e leared by h an d la b or. uc h ma in te n a nce req uire th e a nnua l expe nditure o f a pproxi ma te ly , 100.000. In v ie w o f th e ex pe n se o f ma int a inin g fir ehrenk s it is pe rti ne nt to inquire int o th e u ses to whi ch th ey a re put in o rd e r to ga in a b e tt e r und e rsta ndin g as to l1 ow ma inte n a n ce mi ght b e mo re pro fit abl y ma n aged . i'v1r. Ceo . TI. ce il in hi s fir ebreal< stud y o f 1917 c lass ifi ed th e \'a ri o u s act u a l u se~ as follo w s:

Bal l-firin g ........................................................................... H o ldin g stri nger, ...... . . ........................................... ........ T yin g in s lo povers .. . . ........................................................ Co ntro llin g spo t fin•, ..... ............. ........................ ........... lo pp ing fir es . ........ ............... ..... .............. .................... - lo win g d own rires . ........... . .............. .. ... ... .... ...........

15.5 16.5 1 .0

16.5 11.5

22.0

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

From th e e fi g ures w e see th a t. for the a ut o m a tic toppin g of lire ·, brea k ha ve b ee n o f onl y minor importa n e. Tho se occas ion wh e n th e fire did stop a t a brea k w ere probabl y in th e d a mp of the ni g h! wh e n th e wind w as down a nd progress \\ as s low or wh en th e fir e approac h ed th e bre a k aga inst th e wind . Not c ited with th e six u ses a bove is th e one of ~ rea l es t imporlan e in fir e suppress ion , n a m e ly , th e a fe m ovin g of m e n . Th e fir e brea k pe rmit e ntra n ce Lo a burnin t:( a rea by a s uppre~s i o n crew in co mpara tive sa fe ty a nd ass ures a n exil in cases o f e me rge n cy. Th e fir e brea k mu st b e co n side red no l a a p os iti ve h a rri r to fl a m e but as a line a t whi ch a fir e suppressi.on cre w ca n la ke it s la nd. On e o f th e prin c ipa l purpo ses for wlli ch th e hr a b w e re origin a ll y co n lruc ted wa s th a t o f b ac Uirin ~. \Ve note . ne ve rthel ess. th a t th e ~ h a ve e n ·ed thi s purpose o nl y to a limited ex le nl. 8 ac kfirin f.( is so m e lim e in a dvi sab le b eca u ,;e o f hif.(h wind s preva ilin q a t th e lim e hul m o re o ft e n is frustra ted b y th e impo ss ibilil y o f m n nnin~ th e m in suffi c ienl lim e at suffi c ie nt stre ngth . In o rd er lo b ac kfire . n crew must n rrive o n th e rid(! e w e ll ah ea d o f th e fl a me fro nt. prepa re with shove ls or l\ 1( l _eod too ls a n a rro \\ lin e le nqthwi se o f th e bre, l< d o wn lo min ra l ·o il. b ac kfire fro m th a i lin e. a nd w a tc h th e fir e rhus se t for slopove rs n nd s potlin l.( . Th e pre pa rati o n o f th a i b ac kfirin q lin e is a lim e-consumin f.( burd <· n a nd r o m e~ a t a lim e "h e n minut e~ a re a l a pre mium . Furth erm o re. th e pre ve nti o n o f s p o t fir e . o ft en requires con ide rabl e m an pow e r. p a rti cul a rl y if th e brf'a k h as no t bee n m a intn in ed qui[(' free from su c h fire -hnzardou s s p ec ie as m a nza nit a . Cen no thus. n nd p a rti cul a rl y live oak. S u c h c irc um sta n ces limit th e o pporlun e n nd slra tel.( ic use o f b ackfirin (! ns a suppress ion m eas ure. C lmparral live oaf.: in Ca lifo rni a is a bil.( fir e h a zn rd probl e m . Th ese s pec ies sprout co piou s ly fr o m th e root a nd cnnnot be kill ed b y d es pro ulin (! . C rubbin r:( is slo" a nd co, tl y: hl a, [in r:( is cos tl y n nd un ce rl n in . Oth e r comm o n und f's ira hle s proulin r:( s pec ies a rf' w ee n man zn nil a. white thorn . loyon. su t:(a r-bu sh . a nd mo unt a in ma ho ga ny. F rom 2000 lo 3000 stumps p e r mil e o f fir e break a re n o t un co mm o n . From sucl1 o ver-(!ro wth o f s pro utin (! slump s fir ebrea b musl h e mn in ln in ed . In th e ce ntra l part o f th e sla te th e lo w -r:( ro win r:(. pe re nninl shrub , b ea r cfo,·er ( lwma e hatia fo li olosa) , is found in d e n se ~ la nd s on the n orth s lopes . It s high infl a mm a bility a nd vi g-oro u s ca pac it y to s proul m a k!' it a se riou s h a ndi ca p lo th e fire fi,:!hl e r. ft er a breaJ, h as b ee n cl ea red o f bru s h a nd tr ees in th e initi a l cons tructi o n. !h ere s u cceed s n h ea vy ~rowth o f n a tive grasses. wild oa ts. a nd oth e r a nnua ls. whi c h b ecom e dr y n nd infl a mm a bl e durin [.( th e summ e r month s in C aliforni a . It is thro u(!h suc h cove r th a t b ac kfirinr:( lin es mu st b e hurri edly cut a nd s p o t fir es extin g ui sh ed. F o r se ve ral yea rs th e . S. Fores t e n •ice h as b ee n inves ti gatin g rh e poss ibl e appli ca tion o f c hemi ca ls lo th e three mn in ns pect s of thi s probl em of firebreak ma int e n a nce a nd utiliza ti o n : (1) th e killin g of

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

s prouting stumps, (2) the killing of dense pere nnial hrub like bear clover, and (3} the sterilization of soil again t annual vegetation. Stump Poisoning

Th e stump poi oning experim ents co nsi ted in tre a ting individual lumps with varyin(! quantities of seve ra l c h emi ca ls a t a ll seasons of th e year and in different loc a liti es rep rese nting different so il s and c lim a ti c co ndition s. In all over _,300 stump s have been trea ted , each b e in g tagged with a numbe red metal disc for subseq uen t id e ntifi cation and inspection. Very bri e fl y. th e trea tmen t co n s ist in culling off th e s prout s from th e stump . h ac king th e c rown s a t a nd just below ground leve l, a nd s praying with th e c h e mi ca l so lution. Th e ha cldn g through th e barl< is quite th e mo st import an t step in th e whol e operation; unless il is thorough. th e res ult will be un sa ti s fa ctory. In tabl e 1 i s pre e nled a summary of results from th e stump poi so nin g ex perim e nts. showing th e pe rce ntage ldll ed irrespective of a ll co ndition s other than th e c h em i a l e mploye d. TABLE

!~Perce ntage of sprouting s lumps killed

by specified c hemiwl.

... odium c hlorate. 10 percent so luti o n ............................................ 92 ulfuri c and arsenic ac id (I: 1) 25 pe rce nt so lution .................... 90 27 ° API Di ese l oil.. .......................................... ......... ..................... 88 I :4 P etrol e um a romati c ex tract in 2 ,1+ fu e l oil. ............ ............ . 86 Acid sodium a rse nit e soluti o n........................................................ 83 Ammonium thi ocya n a te. 23 percent so lution ................................ 82 Arsenic acid. 20 perce n l so lution .............................. ...................... 78 Tri -sod ium arsenite, 25 percent so lution ...................................... 75 'od ium chloride, 13-30 pounds per slump.................................... 65 C hl orin a ted lim e .................... .... ........... .......... ............................... 30 od ium h y poc hl orit e. 3 percent so luti on ............ .......................... 50 I : _ C reoso te in 24 + furnace oil. ....................... ............................ 50 P yridine .. ................ ........... .............................................................. 50 24 ° - Furnace o il (28 ° . ' AP I} ................ ................................. . 44 32° .8 API Diesel o il... ................................................................... 20 ulfuric ac id, 25 percent so luti o n......... .. ....................................... 11 opper nails. driven int o cro,vn .................................................... 0 opper sulfate, 23 percent so luti on ................................................ 0 Ferrous sulfa te. 23 per(enl so luti on ................................................ 0 Dinitrocre ol. 4 percent aqueous solu tion .................................... 0 Ca rbon bisulfide ..................... .. ................................................ 0 Tlt c figur~ s ;u c for s ind ~ . not r~ JW«t~d. application . Th ~ sprouts wllidt d o ,~lop from 'i iUillr> S

110{

kill ed

th f'

fll Off'

po te nt

ChC' Illi ra Js

C\ff'

in\ariably

rf' W

in llUillhf" r a nd

locali/cd tlldt tlwv are t•a sih· kill r·d hv a second application. Tlt e n· for~. tlto true cffectiv~no « a<llld ll v o>:c~cds the fi11ure s slto'"' in table I.

T HE

UT A H J UNIPER

Th e ac id sodium arse nite les l d a s a slump poi son was essentially al-12 A s0 a H 3 A s0 a. made b y di ssolving ars e ni c trioxide in ·odium h ydroxid e solution. It is e ffective down to 1.5 pe rce nt con ce n tra tion. lt is th e c h ea p est pole nl poi son li ted in ta bl e I . It is not reco111111 e nded for ge n e ral u se. howe ve r. b eca u se of it s extre me toxi c ity to m e n a nd a nimal s . It h as a soda - lil<e odo r a nd a sa lt y tas te a nd is both a llra ctive a nd p o isonou s lo g ra zin g sto ck. Stumps so trea ted mus t a ft e rwa rd s b e cove red with ea rth lo con cea l th e poi so n.

(I : I)

a ll th e c h e mi ca ls fo und hi g hl y e ffective o n p ro ulin g slumps l)i ese l o il is tlw eas ies t lo u se. It is d a n ge rou s ne ith e r to w o rl<me n no r to graz in g a nim a ls. It s o n e se ri o u s d efect li es in th e grea t va ri a n ce in toxi c it y o f th e seve ra l gra d es. as a ll es ted b y 88 pe rce nt e ffeclive n es fo r th e _7 ° grad e but o nl y 20 pe rce nt fo r a 32 ° . g ra d e . A cco rdin g to o ur prese nt info rm n ti o n th e grav it y s h o uld nol b e hi g h e r th a n 29° API fo r sa ti fa ct o ry s tump poi so nin g. Thi s 27 -29 ° w a d e. ho w e ve r. is a l pre e nl o ff th e P ac ifi c coas t ma rl<e l as , reg ul a r s to c k product as th e re sult of recent in1prove me nl of Di ese l oil s for tran sport a tion purposes by th e m a jo r pe tro le um re fin e rs. Th e increase in e ffecti ve ness o f furn ace o il fro m l·t pe rce nt lo 86 p e rce nt. b y th e a ddi ti o n o f 25 pe rce nt o f "'a ro m a ti cs." indi ca tes th a t th e a ro ma ti c a nd d o ubl e-b o nd ed compo und s a re th e tox ic in gredi e nt s o f pe tro le um oil s . 'odium c hl o ra te in 10 pe rce nt a qu eo u s so luti o n is no w b e in g reco mm e nd ed for u se in killin g und es ira bl e s tumps o n fo re l fire break s. Th e a dv a nt age> o f c hl o ra te ~ re it ~ rt> la ti ve ly lo w po iso n h aza rd to me n a nd a nim a ls. it s hi g h he rbi c id a l e ffec ti ve ness. a nd th e simpli c it y o f it s u se . It s d isad va nt ages a re il s m od era te ly hi g h cos! (9- 10 ce nts per po und) a nd th e facl th a t u nd e r ce rt a in c irc um s ta nces il h as b ee n kn own to in c ite spont a n eo u s ig nition. Prope r a ppli ca tion o f 10 pe rce nt sod ium c hlo ra te m ay b e re li ed up o n to kill in o ne a ppli ca ti o n ove r 90 p erce nt o f th e slump s trea ted th e re with a nd pra di ca ll y 100 pe r< e nl in a seco nd fo ll o.,.v- u p trea tm e nt.

oil S lerili -:a li on Ex pe rim e nt a ti o n o n c h e mi ca l s te riliza ti o n o f so il w as ca rri ed o ul with th e idea th at. if a n eco no mi ca l a nd a d equ a te me th od o f soi l s te rili za ti o n s ho uld b e d e ,·e lo ped . it w o uld find a ppli ca ti o n in p reve nt in g pl a n! g- ro wth o n a na rro w s trip o f so il lo b e u sed as a b ackfirin g la n e d o w n th e ce nte r o r a lo n g b o th e d ges o f th e fir e break. T a bl es 2 an d 3 su m m a riz e th e re> ulls o f us in g ce rt a in ch e mi cal s in s te rilizin g so il aga in s t g rasses a nd bea r cl ove r. typi ca l. r es pecli vel y. o f >h a ll o w roo ted an nu a ls a nd d ee p roo ted pe re nni a ls. Th e effec ts w e re jud ged by ,·isu a l o b serva ti o n a nd es tim a ti o n o f th e p ropor ti o n of full ' la nd kept fro 111 ~ro win g hy th e prese nce o f h e mi ca l in th e so il. in co m pa ri o n "ilh ad jace nt untrea te d p lo ts. Th ey presen t a \- e rages o f sPvc ra l simil a r pl o ts loca ted in cliffe re nl pa rt o f th e ie rra . lpva d <l a nd S ie rra \l a clre foo thill co untry.

T HE

TABLf.

2~Soil s lerili::.aliott e[}ecl o{ various c/11>micals ogainsl g rasses .

,\ ft('r

C h<'mi ca l

30 0 0 0 0 100 97 93 '6 60 10 0 25

60 20 0 0 0 100 9 96 90 70 25 95 60

70 30 10 0 0 100 98 96 91 0 40 99 3

7'0

t:!O

'0 0

> ~Kill i''fl lo soil.

P//ecl

'od ium arsen ite

Arsenic Iriox id rÂˇ l~ ora"

Clo c ouical

, odi um chl orn tf'

, odium arsenite r.enic tri oxide

Bora 'I:

Ist 2nd 3rd lth 3th Ist 2nd 3rd lilt 3th Is l 2nd 3rd llh 3th I~ 1 2nd

ch lorate

I~LE

Pound:-; pC"r square rod

!-:C il"iOil

od ium

UT A H JU NIP ER

I:r:~::~, Ist 2nd -,.d 4th 5tlt Ist 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Isl 2nd 3rd 4th Ist -"d 3rd 4th

Oil

fJpnr clouer

0 10 13 0 0 100 9H 96 93 90

90 0 _Q

5 0 100 99 99 99 9

95 5 10 20 0 100 100 100 100 100 95 99 99 99 99 90 0

100 100 30 30 3 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 99 99 93 0

cp rloin c ft etllica ls applied

Pound s Jli'r square rod 2

62 59 55 48 35 30 2 _2

16 8 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0

96 Qcl

2 72

51 19 <13 -6 25 0 0 0 0 30 2'5 _Q

()

99 99 99 98 96 72 65 58 48 35 0 0 0 0 50 45 40 30

100 99 99 9 97 3 7' -') ;_

62 48 0 0 0 0 70 65 60 30

100 100 100 99 98 93 91 86 80 69 3 5

100 100 100 100 99 94 93 9 1. 86 78 10 12

100 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 9' 97 13 13

0 90 88 5 80

0 94 93 92 8

0 100 99 99 99

F i9 11re 1- /J i-, trihu ti rl fl or~ "-e ui c lrioxid(• lo ~terili=e a ba< /,{irin g fa11e along a {or<' SI

{irebrrak.

In tab le 2 il m a v b e ~cc n lh ,d kee pin g d o wn th e g r~ wlh o f g ra~se ~ 9 or m o re po und s pe r squ a re rod . ra pid! di ~ appca rs a nd is go n e h y

sodium tld o ra le h a~ lilli e efl<'< l in unl ess ra th e r la rge spread ing ra lc~ . h e u sed. Eve n a l th a i. th e c ffpc l th e third season .

ln co nlras l lo th c t hl o ra le. ~o di111n a rsP nil c is elfc< li vt' ag"a in s l grasses in a m o unt s as lo w a~ 2 and ) po und . pe r squ a rP ro d ,wd it> c iTe< liH' IH'ss d ec reases o nl y s lo" ly du rin g s uhsequ e nl ~eason~ . . \rse ni < lri o xide i ~ very eff('( li\'(' a (.!a in s( (.!filSSl'S h u t il ~ full pOle iH ~ is d eve lo ped s lo" ly a nd no l reac h ed until th e seco nd M' il~on. On th e o th e r h a nd rece nt evid e nce indi <ate~ th a t th e life of LlH· <lcri li l) pro d uced In a rsenit tri oxide may he ton~ id erah l, lo n ger tllit n tha i d ue lo , odium ~ rsc nil e. . 13orax h ad lilli e a p pare nt t• lfe< l o n tlt e gra~~e ' . It 'cemed nei lll <· r lo h ind er no r lo acce lera le tlw ir g ro wth a fle r th e fir s t Sf'<hon. Fro m ta bl e 3. w e find quil c diffe re nt e ffe<L s of th e ' Mio u ~ c hem i ta l ~ up o n h ea r cl ove r. So dium <hl o ral e i ~ see n lo he m uc h more <' ffeclivc· tl1 a n il " a · aga in, [ g rasses . Four pounds or m ore p<•r 'q u are ro d <o mes n ear lo com pl e te e ra di <a li o n . Sodium a rse ni te app li ed lo tlt e so il s urfa<e is no l th e df'lerren l lo h ear <lover th a i il " ,J, fo r g r as~ . Twe lve or mo re po und s per ~quc~re rod do fa ta ll y po ison thi s spet ie' hut ,ucl t app lica l iOI I'- an· rcla li' e h he;l\·) . < lo ,

For prn <li u d p ur p ose~ . Msenic tri ox ide has no inf111 enn• on hear er. Thi s is in m a rk ed con lras l lo il s acl io n on g rass.

13o ra x is d e le te ri o u s lo b ear cl over b ut a l leas t 12 pounds per squ .u-e rod is req uired fo r a co mpl e te !<ill . Tl,i s is no t a poor sh o" in£! co n s id er in g th e lo w cos l o f b onn a nd I h e fact th a i il <on lain-. nhou l I () perce nt \\ il le r o f crys la lli za li o n . T hese res ult s are eas i" un ders tood wh e n th e chemical fwhm ior~ of tlw compo und ~ in th e s~ il are co n s id e red. \ \'lwn so lub lf' 11rsenile' arlo' 'prayed up on th e grou nd . th e~ m pi d l) become " fixed " hv to lloicLtl ad , orp li on so th a t th e v rema in in th e th in lop fa,·er of the [!ro und . Co n sequ e ntl y. a rsc n iles ilfe a dmira bl y suit ed fo r k illin ~ ~ rass roo ls ilnd for p rr ve nlin g th e spro ut ing o f seeds . .\ , liLlie as 3 lo 4 pourH f, o f sodium a rse nit e pe r squ a re ro d re nd e red tl1 e so il p rad ira ll y

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

free from gra ss y growth for m a n y years. Deep root s, like tho e of b ea r clove r, on th e contra ry, a re b e low th e a rse ni c poi on ed laye r and urvive uninjured. C hlora tes a re ve ry <oluhi P compound s a nd a re not prec ipit a ted o r strongl y a d sorbed b y th e colloid a l con stitue nt of th e soil. C on sequentl y. th ey pe ne trate th e soil fr ee ly, reaching a nd killin g th e d ee p roots of pe re nni a l plant , but, for th e sa me reason. th ey a re eas il y leac hed from th e top soil a nd a re no t lo n g prese nt to rl e te r th e ~.t rowth o f g- rasses a nd sha ll ow -roo ted w eed . Bora x is a sodium sa lt o f a di va lent ion . It i not stron gly a d sorbed o il co lloid s. but rema in la rge ly so lubl e a nd i - gradua ll y leach ed away b y ra infa ll. A · would b e expected . it is muc h like odium chlora te in it s ac tion , a ltl10u g h not as to x ic. Th e ca lcium bora te a rc much le s solubl e th a n th e sodium sa lt s, a nd , tes ted in th e fo rm o f C ol em a nite ore. have b ee n fo und to slay in th e top soil stra tum in suffi cient con ce nlr n ti o n to kee p grass fr om thri ving fo r three o r fo ur years.

by th e

Th e u se o f to xi c c he mi ca ls necess it a tes a few strict precauti o ns . 'odium a rse nit e is no t o nly e xtre me ly po isonous to a nim a ls. but it is mo reo ve r a ttra ctive to tl1 e m. E xpe ri e nce lea d s to th e co nc lus io n th a t wides pread u se o f sodium a r~e nit e in a n • gri'lz in g i'l rea will in evita bl y res ult in th e d ea th o f so m e ca ttl e. Th e white a rse ni t tri oxide is al so po iso no u s. but d oe ~ not h a , ·e th e a ttrac tive ness uf tl, t' " lk<tli sa lt s. If white a rse ni c b e s prea d up o n th e grass wl1i ch is la te r co nsum ed by a ttle, fa ta liti es may res ult. ln our u se of thi s co mpo und . th e cove r is fir st re mo ved . th e n th e c hemi ca l is sprea d upon rnin pra l so il. In thi w ay whit e a rse ni c h, s been spread through cow pas tures nnd d ee r refu ges without ill effec t s. \Vorkm e n us in g dry whit e a rseni c must a \'oid brea thin g th e dust a nd pre ve nt it s coll ecting be nea th th e fin ge r n a il s. Durin g th e working pe riod a ll du s t should be fr eque ntl y w as h ed fr o m th h a nd s a nd face. le t a rse ni cal skin sores d eve lop . C hlora tes do no t ha ve th e extrem e tox ic it y o f arse ni c to a nim a ls. but th ey do have o ne seri o u. fa ult- , th e te nde ncy to pro mo te s pont a neo u s

Fi gu re

2 -

/ in•fm•o k

l)(J c~[i ri nf{ fane sPue rol w•ors H(l er sl erili=oli o n w itl1 o r~.;eni c lrioxitlt' .

( Photo by

1-t. B. Bruce,

<·ourtc:o: \

Ca liforni a

<·> 1 a n.d

R a nge

ment lation es t Scrvir <•.)

F or-

E xpe ri -

U. S . F or-

T HE

U T AH

JUNIPE R

ignition. Th e co ndition unde r whi c h thi s is a pt lo ha ppen i · appare ntl y a n inlirnale mixture of th e c hlora te with fin e ly divided. ac id . rolling, organic m a tter. Strong s unlight undoubt ed ly exe rts an accele ra ting influence on th e oxidation reac tion. Above a ll . workm e n must no l a llow c hlora te so lution to dr y upon th e ir c lothin:; . Figure I shows C ivili an 'o n serv a tion Corps workm e n using a mechanical a ppli ca tor lo di stribut e whit e a rse ni c on th e cres t of a fir ebreak thro u g h c hapa rral cou ntr y. The trip being trea ted shou ld subsequently. b a rring se riou s e ro sion , look lik e th e close -up view shown in figure 2 of a strip simil ar ly trea ted , whi ch, after three •cars, i quite barren excep t for an occas io na l pl an t whi c h has managed to ga in a foothold. 3-fool la ne lik th a t shown in figure 2 would serve for backfiring purposes without initi a l lrea lm enl. The co · t of chemica l for such a job is about $ 13. 00 a mil e; o f labo r from $3.00 lo :5 18.00 a mile. depending on th e terra in a nd amo unt o f manual labor. The econom ic justifi ca ti o n of th ese cos ts involves th e life of th e steriliza tion . Our ea rli es t so il Sl('r iliz a lion plots a re now abo ut 3 years o ld . Tl1 e ·e plots on which fo ur o r more pounds o f arsen ic tri ox id (' wa~ used lo th (' square rod are still pra< ti ca ll y free of annual vege ta tion . Ju . l l1 ow lo n g ars('n ic ~ t eri li zal i on will persist ca n not be definitely s lated. The dur· a li on la rge ly depends on suc h cl1ance factors as wind and w, ler erosion . treadinQ' by anima ls. and hurrowinQ" hy ground . quirr!' ls. as well a . c hem ica l fixation and lcac lli ng by ra in water. In th e li g ht sandy oil, of th e S ierra Nevada~ tl~t· efff'ct ive life is longer than in th e heavy valley loams and c lays. In forest regions erosion by inten . rainfall i~ th e most se ri ous . ingl e fact or lend in g lo destroy so il lerilizalion by a rsen ic. \\'h ereve r a path is ster ili zed o n sloping g"round. possible ero sion should be for esee n and sma ll run-off dive rsion dips in sta ll ed . In brief sum m a ry. successfu l u se o f fir eb real<s necessitates main t e n <~ n ce. both cos tl v and labor io u s. but w hi ch can I e facilitated

th e prope r use of ;. hem ica ls. Firebreaks can be cleared o f prouling lump by th e ap pli ca ti o n o f c hl orate lo th e root' cro wn . This reduce> th e vege ta ti ve rove r lo a nnu a ls a nd mall perennials and th e immediaiP fire problem on th e break itse lf lo th e co ntrol of ground fir es . With white a rse ni c tri ox ide on a nnua l vege ta tion (sodium chlora te plus white a rse ni c on bear clover) th e so il ma y remain suffi c ie ntl y ster il e for from 3 lo I 0 yea r to serve th e purposes of hackfirinfZ with out need of pre limin«r y clea ring. Th e advantages of e radi a lin g slumps with hemical has heen repeatedly prove n . Soil-sterilization with c hemi cals h a pa sed Lh <' experim e nta l a nd d emon stra tional tage but ha s ye t to b e a dorteJ on a wide sca le. levertheles . th e re a re many in stan ces in for e try practice, on road sid es, moking a reas. campgrounds, lookout la tion , and others, as w e ll as on firebrea k ·. where soil sterilization is ce rtain tn find economical and exten sive employment and to contribute lo morP uccess ful and system«ti c combat by th e fores te r of futur e tl1reat from forest fire.

RECENT FIRE CONTROL DEVELOPMENTS

/3y T. II. VA N 01 ETE R Fores t Sem ice. O gclen. U ta/1 13rrrrr-- Brrrrr-" Di s pa tch e r s pea l<i n g." " Bi g B a ld y repo rtin g li g ht blue s mo ke a l az imuth 2-11 . loca ted o n ~o ulh s lo pe n ea r b ase o f ' h ee p Hill. S m o ke driftin ~ no rth eas t. Es ti ma ted s ize less th a n o ne- te nth acre . S p rea din ~ m od era te ly fas t. " nd ~0 a ty pi cd l fir s t repo rt o f th e ex is te n ce o f a rores l fi re >larl,; l he unwindin g o f an in I ri c a le o r~ a n iza lion pl a n n ed fo r th e pro tect ion o l over 30 milli o n at res of publi c la nd s in th e Int e rm o u n tain Re~ i on. ' Th ese la nd s a re und e r th e admini s tr a tion o f th e F o res t f' rvi ce o f th e U nit ed ' ta les D e p a rtm e nt o f A ~ ri c ulture . Th e m a n y pro bl e m s o f fir e co ntro l in thi s R e~ i o n va r · "ith locn liti es lo suc h a n e xle nl th a t ndmini s lralive unit s h ave b ee n c lass ifi Pd with rega rd lo th e ir n eed for p ro tecti o n into broad ha za rd ~ ro up s. n ame ly: hi gh . medium a nd low. Th e ~ roupin g is g nc ra l a nd is base d up o n ex pe ri e nces with fir<' a nd il s b e l• a vi o r in th e va ri o u ' unit s durin ~ th e pas t 30 yea rs. S lr a n ~e l y e n o u g h . s in ce la rge a nd di sas tro u s fi re h ave occ urred in eac h o f th e h aza rd ~ ro u ps, th e c h a ra cl e r o f th e fu e l a va il a ble lo burn d oes n o l d e te rmin e th e h aza rd cl ass ifi ca ti on . Pra di ca llv a ll th e a rea pro lecl e d fr o m fir e is co ve re d with fu pls o f var io u s ty pes- a nd kind s a n d g ive n th e pro pcr \\ ea th e r co n d iti ons. pl us lh <' spa rk lo i![n il e il. eac h ty pe will burn with a pprox im a tel y th e sa me inlen ily and seve ril v. Th ere a re. ho w e ve r. CC' rl a in c·h a ra c! N is ti c, o f tlw v ar i o u ~ uni t> w hi c h . m ak e il poss ibl e lo se~ re~a l e th e m o ne fr o m lh e o th er. Hi g h h aza rd a reas a re c h a rac terize d by lilli e or 11 0 s umm e r ra in fa ll . pre \ a ilin (:! lo w ~ umm er humiditi es. re la ti,·e ly hi ~ h a fter noo n wi nd s. hi ~ h fir e occ urre nce <1 nd r<' la ti v<' ly hi ~ h te mp e ra tures. n no rm a l co mbin a ti o n o f whi c l, u s u a lly res ult s in a b a d fir e s ilu a li o n durin g th e mo nth , o f Jul y. Au ~ u s l . a nd S<' ptrmbe r. F o res l Se rvic e a dmini s tra ti ve unit ~ included in thi s g ro up a rc th e B o ise. C h a lli s. Id a h o. P aye lle. a lmon. Sa " ·loo th . a nd \V Pise r Na ti o n a l F o res ts. Th ese unit s a re loca t<'d in a re la tiv e ly co mp ac l wo up in so uth Prn Id a h o so uth o f lh P Sa lm o n Ri vcr and w es l o f lh P l .os l Ri ve r . . \rcas c haracte ri zed b v occas io n a l s u m mer ra in ,. m od era l<' r<' la ti ve hu mi dili <'s. m <'dium lo h i~ h a ft e rn oon win ds . med ium fir <' occ u rrence a nd medi um s um mer t e m pera tu re~. a nor m a l com bin a t ion o f which r<'s ult s in a re la tive lv l<'ss an!I P fir e s it ua ti o n th a n ex ists in th (' hi ~ h hazard !( ro u p. are c o n s id e r<'d as medium hazard in c harac l<' r. I n < <'r lain yen rs. ho w e ve r. du e prin c ip n ll y lo unfavo ra hl <' \\t'a lh e r co nditi o n s. h i!( h da n (!e r loes ex ist in thi s !( ro up . .Alth o u g h fir es on ur du rin <1 a ll m on th s o f th e s u m m e r ~caso n il is o nlv durin ~ la te .J u n e. earlv J ul v , lu te S<' plem h <' r. an d ea rl y October th a-I fir es h nv<' hurn ed ov(';. l ar~e <~reus a nd hu, e caused < on~ i d<'rab l <' dama!(e in ' 'h a t wou ld o tl l('r\\ i-.e 1

II H·

l n!Nnu>unldin Rf"!!ion in( Inc If' , . . oudH•rn Idaho. ..out! I\, c· .. tern \ \ \ o111i11l! . l 't{th d iH I '\t'\dd.t . <':\c (·plin !! tlw c"dn·ni C' ... nut I'"'''' portion. ilnd Jh, ... Iwe n ( l f'~ia n . tt cd n" J~ e tti on t

In thr rQn·. . t

~c · rvin ·.

THE

UTAH

JUNIPE R

he termed ,1 normal fire season for the group. A hiqh l1azard condition for a limit ed period may be expeded in thi~ group in tl years out of I 0. ln tl1c• two exceptiona l vears ,,·hen weathe1 t undition~ approach tl1ose existinq in th e high h ~1zard group. larg-e fire~ may be expcc ted and do occur during all of the summer month ., . . \dmini strativc units included in this !-(roup are the Ashley , Cache. Targhee. Tdon. \ \'asatch . and \ \ 'yo minl-( "'\at ion<~ I Forests . These units are lo c<J tcd in 'outhe<btern Idaho. ~outll\\('>tcrn \\ \ ·om in£!. <1nd north ern l 't,lh. . The lo" h<1zard areas arc < h.trac terized IJ,. nunH•rou' summer 1<1in'. rclati,clv hiqh humidities. lo" to medium ;,ftcrnoon "inds. lo,, lire oc ntrrcn c; <1nd medium to hit!h s umn1er tempera ture,. "\ normal combin,tlion of tlwse lattors re~uli, in " considerahlY l<'sS se,·ere fire sitwllion thnn usunlfy exist~ in the mcdium a nd llil-(h hazard !.(roup;.. In certain part~ of the group there occur larqc grass and oal< brush area~. \\'hen the 1-(rass m.1turc' and tl11• oaks drop their lc• <~w·s in the fall ,, lli~Ihly inllammablc fucl is dcpo~it e d on tl1e lfround and if fir c bccomcs i!fnit<'d in either of th cse tvpP< before fall rain' d,u11pen the fuck a larlfe l>ttrned <HT<'<II-(c may lw CXJ>P< te d. The lo\\ lldZmd !.(roup includ es the ' aribou. Dixie. Fishlake . llumboldt. I_,, S,,!. ,\ ! anti. \ linidolm . i\'cvada. P p well. Toiv,d>e . and L' inta 1 ' ational Forest..; . The~t· administrati'e unit, arc loc ;l t<'d in southern ldal1o nc<H the l ' tah line. 'oulhcrn l 'ta h. and "'\cvada . A studv of fire occurrence indi cates c learlv the differcnccs in th e fir e control .acti,·ity in each of tl1c abo, e haz <; rd (!roup' (t,,hle I) . The lnrQc number of man -caused fires co mpared to the number of liqhtning -cnused fires on urring in the low h.1znrd group as con trastc·d to the high hazard group raise, a question co n cc rninl-( li~Ihtninq storms and the number of fire~ developing therefrom. Storms of s imil<1r intensity occur O\'Cr a ll pnrl~ of th e lnt Nmountain Reqion nt vnrious I-T/1e occurret1ce o[ li[!lllnin[l caused and man causc>cl [ires 011 rwlionn/ [orc>sl prof('(' fiotl w ·c> ns uril/1in tf1 e lnterrnoutlfnin Re[!ion.

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1929 1030 IQ31 IQ3 2 I913 IQ34 1033 I03(> 1937 193H ToTAL PLRCt-:NT

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l imes du rin g th e summ e r ~(' d ~on but fo r so me un a(count a bl e reaso n n- lati ve ly few fir e~ re> ull fro m th em in U ta h a nd eva d n. F ire preve nti o n. pres uppre.s io n . a nd su p press io n ac ti ili cs pro pe rl y (O rre la ted "ilh th e oth e r u sc o f th e u n it-suc h a " graz in g. limber p rodu ct io n , minin g. a nd recrea ti o n-co n lilule th e fir e co ntro l job in cac h o f th e lwza rd gro ups. Th e fir e w o rk in each grou p is l a rgely >imil a r a nd diffe r~ o nl y "ith th e inte n sit y o f th e a ppli ca tion o f con tro l m eas ures. F o r exa mpl e, th e tec hni q u e a ppli ed to th e co ntro l o f a sm a ll fire is a bo ut th e sa m e o n n low h a za rd fo rest in Neva d a as il is on a hi g l1 h aza rd fores t in Id a ho. S in ce th e occ urre nce o f fires is les in leva d a th a n in Id a h o . f w er unit s o f w o rk wi ll bc required in th e fo rm er th a n in th e Ia Ue r lo give a d equa te pro tect io n to a reas o f sim il a r s ize: th e re fore. th ere is g rea t va ri a ti o n in th e ma np o w er n ee d ed fo r fir e co ntro l purposes o n th e va ri ou s a dmini stra tive unit s. luch h as b ee n d o ne durin g th e pa l d eca d e in th e d eve lo pm ent o f fir e co ntrol pra cti ces in thi s R eg io n . Thro u ~t h th e d ose coo pe ra ti o n with a nd edu ca ti o n o f th e u e rs o r th e n a ti o n a l fo res t a reas a m a te ri a l re d uct ion in m a n -ca used fir es h ns res ulted . lo re e ffi c ie nt too ls a nd <'quipm e nl h ave b ee n d eveo ped so th a t m o re me n ca n con tro l fir es with a m inimum a mo unt o f fa ti gu e. ' uccess ful expe rim e nt s in th e u se o r ch e mi ca ls for co mb a tin g sma ll fir es h a ve b ee n co ndu cted durin !! th e p as t few yea rs. A dditi o n a l road s a nd tra il s h a ve h ee n co n s truct ed so th a t fires m ay b e rea cl1 ed m o re qui ck ly. Airpl a n e se rvi ce h as b een deve lo p ed wh ereb y suppli es a nd equipm e nt m ay b e d e li c reel r a pidl y to cre w s on th e fir e lin e . thus m a kin g it po ss ibe lo subs is t th e m more readil y in in a cess ibl e pl a ( e . Pl a n s for tra inin g men e n gaged in fir co ntro l h a ve bee n rev is('d a nd a ppli ed to th e ext e nt th a t mo re effi c ie nt work is p c rl o rm ed . P o lic ies a nd goo d prncl ices h a ve b ee n record ed o th a t th e b eg inn e rs in th e a rt o f fir e co ntro l m ay h ave th e bene fit o f p a ·t expe ri en ce. Co mmunica t ion d e ve lopm e nt s includin g re fin e m ent of th e te le ph o ne a nd hort w a ve ra di o h a ve hrou g ht abou t close r rela ti o n ship s in fir e o nlrol act iviti es. !\Ja n -pl ace m e nt pl a n s h aw~ b ee n revi sed so th a t tra in ed m e n a re loca ted a l stra teg ic p o ints

T HE

UTAH

J UNIPE R

lo discover, reac h and a lt a .k fires in th e least possible lime after th eir or igin a tion . One of th e outstanding recent developments has been th e modi fication of th e plan of a ttac k in th e con trol of a sma ll fire . lnve liga tion s disclosed th e facl th a t a greal many of th e large fir es occurr ing in recen t year have become la rge hecau _e " we had a lin e around il hut a gus t of wind came a lon g and spread our fire everywhere ." n ana lysis lo determine th e best practices to be followed in order to pre,Âˇenl. if possible. recurrence of such iluations indicated that mokechaser;, h ad usuallv been con ten t to lake a " res t" on th e fire line after a " tren< h" had be~n cons truct ed around th e burning area. Today , such a practice would be condemned since th e pre ent consensus of experienced fire fighters is th a t th e smo kec hasPr shou ld never lessen hi s e ffo rt s in th e co ntro l of a fir e until a ll of th e burning material has been safey disposed of lo th e ex tent th a t th e wind cannot ;,prectd th e fire should il come up un ex perted ly. S uc h a method of con trol invol ves th e detailed tra ining of , smo l<ec haser in th e chara< lerisli< s o f fire . th a t is. th e manner in whi ch th e va rious fuel~ burn under different cond iti ons; th e point o f a ll aclc which s hou ld be th e most cruc ial po int ; direct method of a ll ac k. which in vo lves th e coo lin g down of th e hot spo l ~ with dirt or water and the breaking up of th e pi les of burn in[! debris whi< h may he potential 'park tl1rower . to tlw ex ten t that a ll fl ame~ are smo th ered as rap idl y as po~sible and th e ;,pread of th e fire is ;, lopped: and. finally . mop -up-which consists of mixin~ dirt with ho t sparb a nd coa ls. examin in ~ each piece of -.ma ll fu e l for act ive fir e and ex tin g ui shin g th e las l spark. Fire fighters <a ll it " planting a (.!arden." Fire managers in thi s Region have found th, t through th e use of thi ;, revised method th e number of sma ll fires th a t "ge l a w ay" fr om smo kec hasen, has bee n ma ler ia ll v red uced. ,\ l a n y problem, h ave been <ons idered and solved during th e pasl 30-od I year;, of protection aclivi li e, in thi s region. nevertheless. many more problems are cons tan tl y appear in g lo ha rass th e fir e manager and demand his a ll enl ion for so luti on so that adequa te fire con tro l may be maintained. Some of th e pre,sing question;, before th e Region al the pre~enl lim e in need of o luti o n , re: I . Reduction of man -ca u sed fires. Although sta ti stics for the past I 0 years (table I) show th a t man -caused fires occurrin g within th e adm iin s lra live unils have been decreasing in number. there are still loo many fir es o f thi nalure. F ire manager are, loa large degree. ab le lo predict th e occurrence of lighlnin r:( sto rm s an d lo ma ke plans fo r th e con trol o f u ch fires as may res ult. S in ce th ey are nol a ble lo predict th e whim of human fraill y which ca u ses people lo s ta rt fires. th ey a re er iously sea rc hin g for effective measures whi ch may be applied lo elimin a te man-made fir es and th eir resultant d amage. 2. Development o f a danger m eter for th e low and medium h azard groups. Fire managers o f th ese g roups a re eriou I handi cap ped beca u se of th e n onex i;, le nce o f a re li ab le means of tra nsla tin g ex istin g w ea th er !Jh eno me na into terms of fire behavior. ludi es a re progressing a nd il is hoped th a t a melhod will he

por l t~IJ/ c> ,/Iori

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crei\ted "h e r<'b y tlw a pproac h o f d R n(! C' rou ~ fir C' < onditions mav he recognized a nd prol e< li on m easure~ Rppli ed in tim e to e limin·a le th e occurrence o f eli sa · trou s fire s. 3. Improve d fire protect ion o n haza rdou s wat e rs hed a re a .. Fire·. b~ d e~ lro y ing tl1 e no rm a l pl a nt a nd so il mantle e ith e r permanently or le mpor n rily . induc es n((e le ra ted e ro sion and abnormally rapid run -off. The ,eriousne~s o f wa t er~ h ed impai rm ent by fire ,·ar ies in .wcorclance with th e timb e r. forage. wildlife. and recreational value~ <ons um ed by th e fl ames a nd with th e depend rnce of downstream areas upon usable "at er >Ltppli es . :-.luc h more informa ti on is needed < once rning tiH' influe nc <> o f fir e on d o" n ~ tream , a lu es a~ a hc~si' for planning adeq u atr fire protection for cri ti ca l waters h e d areas. ·L Prope r o rga niz a ti on o f men o n large fires to prcven t l o~s of life. Th e fedf th a t some pe rson may lo se hi s life while a s istin g in tl1 e con trol of fire a lway s co nfront s th e me n res pon s ibl e>. Addi tional l rc1 inin g. ex pcr ie n tc. a nd more co mpl e te pl ans a re o m e of the measure~ whi c h m ay nc e d furth e r d eve lopment and a ppli ca tion . The record of acco mpli ~hmen l s in th e Intermo unt a in R ea ion ha~ no t been th e work ol o ne or a few indi,·iduals but l1 a;; been th e result of th e unifi ed e ffo rt s of th e en tire Forest ~e n· i ce organ izati on " ork ing in dose coo pe ra tion with th e c it y. co unty a nd s la te o ffi ciu ls. scho o ls. or(!an iza tion s a nd t l1e public [(e n e ra lly . Future ac hi e veme nt s can be ob tain ed only through th e continuance o f th e co mbin ed coo pera ti on a nd s upport of a ll th c peo pl e.

WIRELESS COMMUNIC.RTION .RS .R F.RCTOR IN FIRE CONTROL

13 y

LL O Y D

.1 .

A s TL E

Wire less communi cati o n i ~ a rel a live lv ne w e le m e nt in fir e contro l o n th e nati o n a l fores ts. It s va lue m a \'. fo r -co nv e ni e nc e. h e di v ided into three c l a~ses. First. fir e prcn' nli o n ; ;econ d. fire . uppre>s io n : a nd thi rd . t r imin a l prosec uti o n in case~ o f ma n ca u ~ed fir es. It i ~ ge ne ra l kn o\\ le d g-e th a t th e ra di o sys te m o f Im la y h as b ee n <1 nd is s till be in g u ~e d in fi re p re ve nti o n p rogra m ~ . •1nd a lth o u g l1 ih ' a lu e in th a t fie ld mav he q u e~ l io n ed. ib a ' e nu e o f <~< li o n is so o l>vi o u ; tl1 a t furth e r di sc us s io n l1 cre will b e unn ccessa rv. For co nve ni e n ce le t u ;, di,·id e th e fi e ld o f ~ u p press i ~n int o tl1 c li mc\\ Orn c l a~se s whi c h I ass um e are a lrea d ) w e ll pl a nt e d in tl1 e mind s o f a ll s tud e nt s o f fo res lrv. Th c v arc: fir ;, !. di s<o verv : set o nd . n· po rt : third . l r;1\·e l : a nd fo urth . . ex tin (.f t;i s hin g ll1 e fir e . In a.ll o f ti H:'S{' c lasses lim e is a n impo rt a nt a nd. with ve ry fe w exce p tio n s. th e m a jor fnc lo r. Tl1 e va lue o f wire less co mmuni ( a li o n in thi s fi e ld li es in th e fact th .d it <a n he m a d e po rt a bl e. U ntil rece nt years poo rl ) p ld< e el loo ko ut po int s h a v<' ofte n b een u sed in th e pl ace o f b e lle r ones h ec,l u se o f th e diffi c ult y. ho th ph ys ica l a nd fin n n <ia l. invo lved in e' la hli,llin g co mmuni ca ti on to tiH' b et ter loo ko ut poss ibiliti es. Tl1 e u se of ra d ios h as e li m in a ted thi s prohl em beca u se <o mmunit a li o n "ill 1 .dl d e sira bl e po in ts is il ss ure d a t reason .ohle <os t. . \n o th er fa< tor in "hi c h p o rt a bl e <o rnmuni <a li o n pl ays .1n irnporl<~ nl par t is in kee pin g a di sco , ery sys te m up lo d a te, ;\ loo ko ut s ln li o n "itl1 " la rge see n a rea d oes n o t n e< essa ril v m a ke <1 good d i, co very po int. 1\ loo ko ut o f hi g h va lue fo r a n e x te n s ive di s<o ve ry sys te m ma y p ro \C' pra cli <,.llv \\ Orthl e ss fo r a n inte n s ive di sco ve n svs le1n. .\l ,o <h <~ n ges in pubii c u se o f reuea li o n a l a r('<b va ry with . imt;ro , ·e m <' lll or ,lh <wd o nm e nl o f lra n s po rl a li o n ' ys le m s a nd tl1u ~ th e fi re d a n ge r m ay h e d ecr('asecl o r in creased o n ,1 g ive n fo res t a rea . F o r <'X <~ mp l r: th e pi n< in g o f a n improved a rl er i,d hi g hw m a fo n !.( th e Sn lm o n rive r is nea li ng a n t• ,·er in creas in g roa d s id e h aza~d as th e hi !.! h"") ap p ro<H IIf', tom pl e ti o n . D ue to thi ~ a nd o th e r im po rt an t fac to rs. one loo ko ut o n th e C h a lli > Fo re~ l h a, b ee n ah a nd o n Pd an d re pl a< e el b y <1 looko ut near th e roa d s ide h aza rd ~ trip ,. In \' ie w o l th ese fact ' . a \\ Orlhwhil e objective is to d e vi,e" ,ysle m of <o mmuni ca li o n th a t will m a le riallv limit th e fix ed in ves lnw nl in loo lw ul s whi c h m a v b e a b a ndon e d o r: es li1h lish (' d wl1 e n tl1 e inll'n s il v o f pro tec ti o n is va ried . . Th <' va lu e o f a de le <li o n ~ys l e m li es la rg-e ly in th P pro fi c ie 11 cy with whi <h a re po rt reac h es I he s upp res~ i o n fo rces. F uri h e rm o re tl1 e re por t s h o uld . "ith fe w e xcep ti o n ,. h e tra n s mill ed to th a t po rti o n o l a s u ppres~ i o n or!.(ani za li o n th a t 1 a n arriv e a l th e po int o f act io n with a m in im um " e lapse d lim e" int er va l. Thi s m ea n , th a t 1 om mu n ica li on "ith a ll fi e ld fo rces is a vc rit a hl e n ecess ih' . To !'s ta hl ish co mmuni ca ti o n "ilh a lf fi~ld forces "ith a rea 'o r1a h Ie fi n ancia l output. "ire less co mmuni ca ti o n m u s t h e tr sed . Frl'(f ll t' n I

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

n eces ary Iran fcr of headquarters by trail c rews , administrative officers on duty in the fi e ld . and elc .. make the use of m e talli c co mmuni ca tion s 'Stem s, in mos t cases. imposs ibl e. However. fr eque nt se lling up of JJorlabl e communi ca tion syste m s b y th ese fi e ld for ces is a n ab olute practi ca bility . For exa mpl e: A rang e r on a high h aza rd di stricl of a n Id a ho for es l. ca rri ed a portabl e tran sce ive r (radio) durin g th e 1938 fir easo n. H e es limal e th a t a se l ca n b e removed from a pack . placed in operation with sa li sfacton· res ult s. a nd repa cl<cd ready for travel within a maximum lim e of le n minut es. Satisfactory co nt act with th e c lo ses t s uppress ion fo rce often m a terially reduces trave l lim e. For <> xa mpl e: A tra il crew on tl1 e Challi~ Forest durin g th e ( 193t:! ) _easo n ju s t pas l. ha d rece ived in s tructi o n s lo co nt ac t th e fire dispatcher a l regu lar int e rv a ls during th e ra pid burn ing pe riod. A fir e wa reported b y a lookout s hortl y a ft er o ne of th ese reports. Th e di s pa tc h e r. rea lizin g th c1 1 co nl acl with th e tra il cre w \\Ould nol be possible for approximately nin e ty minut es. di _pa tc h ed m e n from a more di slanl point. \Vh e n th e trail c rew w as co nt a ct ed aga in , th ese me n w e re a lso se nt lo th e fire. La kin g th e ir co mmunication sys te m with IIH•m. Th e fire w as repo rt ed und e r con tro l by th e tr a il ere\\ b e fore th e me n who w e re firs ! dispcdched a rri ved a! th e fir e. Thi s in n o w ay w as du e lo lac l< o f e ffi c ie ncy on th e pa rt o f th e firs t cr<>w. hut \\as definitely a llribut a hl e lo th e pla ce ment o f a comm u nica ti o n syste m with th e fi e ld fo rce. \Vh en a fire does n o l require a second lin e defcme , il is w e ll th a t thl' di s p<~Ldwr or o th l'r responsible pa rti e rece ive informa ti o n lo thi ~ <' ffecl al th e ea rli es t po ss ibl e in sla nl in order th a t tlw di srupting of th e co ntrol organization may be redu ced lo a minimum . iln d unn eces~a ry ex pl' nse e limin a ted . On the other hand if a fire do es n eed a second lin e d e fe n se. information from the fir e is more re liabl e th a n re ports from nea rb y loo lw ul : la tion s. a nd co mmuni ca ti o n s hould b e es tabli s hed a l th e ea rli es t po ss ibl e mom e nt. Co mmuni ca tion . wh e n practi ca l. s hould b e included with th e fir~ l lin e defense. a nd s h o uld a lw,vs b e in c luded with th e firs t re info rce me nt s. , ln th e ma jorit y of cases. wire less co mmuni ca tion is th e more prnclical if n o l th e o nl y so luti o n lo thi s problem . B) es la bli s hin ,:t ea rly co mmuni ca ti o n . with pe rson ne l o n a fir e m o re imm edialc a cli o n o n law e nforce me nt ca n b e obt a in ed. The lra n smill a l o f e,·id e n re to o ,·e rh ea d b y fir e g u a rd s. elc .. in many cases. ca n fa cilit a te prosec uti o n of d e linqu e nt s. Action o n ma n y ca es o f la w e nforce me nt h as b ee n withh e ld in tl1 e p as t du e lo a failur e lo ,:te l inform a ti o n lo prope r a uthoriti es without excess iYe lo ss of lim e. In th e sys te m a ti c processes of fir e co ntro l. th e prim ary req uire men t is th e e limin a tion of excess ive lo ss o f tim e. \\lith verv fe w ex ce ption s. s upp ress ion for ces h ave th e grea tes t a dvan tage in lh t> ea rl y burnin g ~ !a ges o f a fir e . \Vire le s co mmuni ca tion h as a nd ca n redu ce " e lapsed lim e" througl1 fa c ilitatin g h e ll e r pl ace m e nt of d e lecl io n cre w s. s peed in ,:! up notification o f suppre s io n fo rces. mal<ing a cli on poss ibl e from a near so ur ce. a nd increas in g e ffi c ie n c y in s uppress in g a fire by fac ilitatin g lh<' pro cure me nt of pe rso nn e l. equipm e nt <J nd suppli es.

FflCULTY CLflSSES flND ORGflNIZfl TIONS

T HE

UTAH

JUN I PER

THE FORESTRY FflCULTY

P a ul , n~ h e ;.. , kno\\n to ,til l 1t.dt ~Idle l ~ore ~l<-r:-, \\ f t ., horn <~t L c nnox. Soutlt D(.tkota in 1808. in 1() 17 l~t • joi u t•d tlu· t .~II to tlrnt s ilnd !-. pt~nt two v cars on t\1(• ;\ 1C'.'\i ra n B o rd t• r n nd in 1-r.JrH C' . L ed \ in !.! tiH· ,\rill\ , IH· all (" ndt~d !'< h oo l n l lo" d ~l<lt f' ( "ullt•j.!C' , rc·t C' ivin g \ai s B . . degree in I IJ 23. I "'"' I ()} j to I <J25 he worked on 1,;, om» ler's d<•(!rt' <' a t Anoe•. hut dw· tu o liH·r duties ditl no t n·1l' i\ <' it until I())) , l ' rulll 1C)_ ~ to I Q26 ltf' '' orkt•d in tl1 c tirc ul.lt. o n d f' p;uln~Cnl ol tiH · l llin oi.., 1-;. tnn r r , t\ltd lro111 ll)l() to l f))l M' n <'C I ns A s!>otia tc ' tid C l ' t) fl'' fer in ~1i s-.o uri Ill f() j J Itt' ( iJ III t' lo l ' lttlt :-;l.t h• f:i llcl cl S,HilH ' tl th C' duti c.;: :\ ssoti. d t• Profrssor ol I or l' -.ln t~ r u l I 'tcn , ion l · o n-•-. lt· r. In )(J ) ) IH' h e(, li1 H' prol f"!~i~o r in c h .,rJ:!P ol tlw ~c !t oo l ol I on•... In .uHI in 1f) )R lw ".~ . . lllo\dc· tlw I ) c' dll ol d u" Sc lwo l o l I orr . . tn·.

TOOI>AilT

' l)o(" S todcl.lrl. horn " ' rrinido~ t l. ( nl o r. Hiu , ill I ()00 , "' fl l' lll Jti ~o; l'i lrl\ lilt• in ( ' o lo rnc lo li e· n·c l'i \ t•cl Iii . , t•.trl, t•c lw .l lion i n tlt n l "' ·'"" · l.! ra du .tlin {! (ron~ o1cH,u lo ~t .d P . \ c: ri t ultural ( 'o llf 'J!t." "itll n H . ~ . d c·~ rf'l' in 1()) I . Rdurnin 1! to Colo nu. lo ~I a If' h(' rc·c ci ' C'd lti '- ~ 1.:-:;. d r!! rt '<' in 19 3 2 . .., ll f' ' ' l \\ 0 \'( ' ;H ... It (' s p e nt n t i"-:c·Lrd;;: k o OTHI rc•cr iv('d hi s d oc t o r '~ d ('~ r('(' in 1<) ) 1. l ie• sC' n t· d a!' R ..ul {!P . \ J.!e nl lo r tl1 e ~o il CoJb C' rvn li o n 5(' nir<• in tlw P ruific '\o rtll\\ C'~ t fr o rn JQ3 1 to I <Ji) .uul th l'n '''" "' to l ' ta lo " t,d <' in tl w f.,ll of 10)') "' prol e·"'" of F ore, try in ( ''"r p-c l~all l.!t' \ l.nw l.!t'lllf'l)l. In ;u\dition to h; ... cluti (' ... in tiH.' Ra nJ!<• D r p~lrllltf' lll , h e "l 'o ~e n·c• ... it-. I ~co l o!!i'- t lo r th e• l ' t,d l I 'Pf' rilll l' llt ~I; Ili o n .

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" I)O<- ltts:," -' ' IH' ;._ kn o \\n to •.II I o rt•... tn :- tw l('nt ... "" " h orn "' \lt. Pl (';t'-tl lll. l ' ta l.. in 100). li e· d tl c· nd <' d ti 1C' Bri (! ll ;~ n l Yo un p- l ' nivf' r :- it ~ a nti rt•cc•i n ·cl \Ji . , B.5 . d et!n' f' lro n 1 tl 1<' rf' in 1()28. Co nl inu in q hi .. . . tudi l'.., .11 th f' li nh C' r:- it\ of 11\ino i..,, h C' H'<f' h <'d IIi, !" ro m !l 1 i ~ in ~ tituti on in 1<))0 . \\ ' o rkin J.! und e r n f(' ll n " ~ l1ip . \1r co mplrt ('( l th C' ff' Clllir<" m f' nl ' lo r n Ph.D . d et! r('<' in !()) }. I ro n1 10 )2 to 1Q ) ) IH· .., C' n 'C'c l il" , \ ..,.., i ~ tant l3i o loa i"l fo r ti H• lllin o i" 5t .il f' '\ .-du ra l lli ... to n ~unn d n cl th a T c dtni(i clll in llu" l ~- l ~o r(':-;1 ~<" ni rf' f r 0111 I()) ) to I<J "i I. 11 <' " ""'' In l ' t,do S t.ll e i11 I<J ) I "' IJrofi'»O r of \\ ' il rllif<' :'- l nn ,o ~c· n•c nl .111d in IO)J W i b lltd t lc .\ ...... o( i,\1 <' Bi o l o~ i ... t in c·lltH(!e tlu· \\'ildlifp , ~ ,pf' rint r nl S ta ti o n .

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1T.

KI'U(ER

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THE

F>.

DR. RoBERT

UT A H JUNIPER

"i'lcL\UG llu

'' Doc:'' 1\fcLa u~h l in was horn at S f·dalia. ~ li ..,~ouri. in I QS. ;\ liw.otin t( m o und II"· co untry. he fin a ll y srll led down at ;>. loS<"". Id a ho and r<· cc i\ t'd h;, B. - . cl rg rc r frmu th r l'ni\ N sily o l Ida it o in I 92~ . Th e n conlinuinj! his s tudirs. hr rrtrived ltis i' l. S . front Y,.l c in 1921> nnd hi s Pl.. D . in 1932. Front I <J2~ lo I 92 R hr " '" A ssista nt Prn fr«o r o f For<·s l" ,,J ;>.li r higan Stair C o ll r g<' <~nd lt r ld th e •a •ue po <iti o n a t i'linnf's-ol~\ durin g 192 9 . Jn 19); l,c lwrn n• <' "'Upe rinl e nd c nt of C.C. C. Ca mp l~oo~f' \ (' lt in C'onn (• dicul , and , -dlll {' to L'tct ll ~t a l c in I <))I)

il '

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..,oc i . d~ · l)ro rc· .. ~or of ro reo;; lr~ .

PROF ESSOR CEORGE

H. B

Geo rg<·. n... lit' i.s kn o'' n

R 'E

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feu ulh

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Britidl Co lnmhirt in I C)01 . lit• . . rw·nt J.; .. \'Ouddul d.n . . \\ cHHi e rin ~ t11rotH! I! til(· C'.madi.ul fo n"~ l !" ancl tl1 e n rt' cT i\C•d hi "i B.S. d <'~-t n"(' fro m tltt"' l lnh £" r s ity ol \ \'as ltin J.t lo n in 192 I. outinuin g- lti . ; -.tudic·s at th P

l lniwrs il\ o l C n lil o rni a. lu' rcn·h ~d hi , ,\ l.S. d egrcp in I ()2<l. f I,• ' J1f~ nt ll ·n ) ( ' iH:-. with tlu• l3riti . . lr Co ltt lllhic~ ForC' sl ~f' rvit t' . d ('d lin l-! 1 lti f' fh \\ ;tJ, r<':-.t •<trc J, \\tJrk or nu ·n . . urillinn a rHI m.HH I ~C' Ilr C'nl pro bl c· IIJ . . . '' l '

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·· \rt , ·· .1 .. r ' t' n hod, ta ll ~ lli111 , W tt<.; l)() rn in th f' \\id e O J H'Il 'fl•H , ... <> I fcbl w 111 I OO<l . Ci, ili-.llio n [!ol lit e h r, t o f loi111 . ;~ nd ft c hcf!an h i, Pd uc ,1fion. A ft C' r ' P<'ndi ng '" o \ <'d r<o:: o n a rlli .,.~io n fo r llw I... D . , llllrr lt . lu· \\ (' Ill to tlw \\ '('lw r luni nr Co li ... ~,- .tt ( ) L!d c· n . l ' ta h . . 111 c/ the n lo l ' t. .l t St . li t•. I fc rccr•i"•d Iti s B .S . tic wee in I o; ~ ,t nd th e n \\ P ill to tJu . . l 'rli\ t• r ... itv of Cttlifo rni,l o n tl l t· ll o w ~ ldp . R ecci vin J! J,;, ;>.I. S . tf e(!n·c· in IO i~. lt r re turn ed lo l ' J,, h S i.tl e to 1.1 kc o v N cluli t•, As t\ ~ ..;i s t nn l Proff' s!'io r of R a n a-r ~I n n ogcmc nt. Hi -.; cltic f w orry ;, h•,H Ilin ~ -. tucl t· nt .. thc· princ ipf(':-. ol r<Hl f.!c· •n.cmH!t' •rwnl.

PROI· E

0 11

J. \VJIIT ' E Y

FLOYD

""\ \'l.it "" " ' " ho rn in 11ri!!!(, . ld .. ho in I<)(); _ I J,. c a ntr lo l'ta lt ~ t,tf f' to rrtf' i\ f' IIi -. B.='. dca r<•f' in I orf'~ fn in J() J"J, c1 fl f· r h <:n in l! 't' n l' d O IH' V«·<~ r ; p : prP~ id (' nl o f til(• l ' t,.lt Fo r('~, f (' r -. ( luh. Fro nr 1932 to I C)j) IH· \\ ci"' (' tllpl o ~Td hv tl u· l ' S. I on·' I ~c·n i< f' o n in .. Pt t co nt rol p ro jf't t ... th I O ff' "' ' C~uarcl. R ec rc, llio n,\1 Pl.u11w r. a nd lr. F o r(•-. tc- r. In 19)() J, c rd11rnl'..l to L't.,,. !, S tt-~l t' il \ in ... tru cl u r dncl J: ,lt•n-.i o n l ~o rf' ... tn. hf' in (! p ro m o lc•d tlu~ fo li O\\ in Q' \t';tr to . \ ..-. i -. l r~ nt P ro f c:-. .. o r in F o rr .. tn a nd re ta inin !! !.is Iitle o f Ex te n sio n F o rc;ler. In 193 he a ll end ecl Ji ,e l ' nivt• r ..; ih o f Cn lilornia fo r tlw lir' l 'f' JII f' ,f (' f .

Dt~.

TILL\I AN \VRt G ti T,

D r. \ \ 'ri cr l•l ""•" ho ru a t C l,ic aj!o. Illin ois in 18 98 . lu I 9 2 1 J, ~ rcte i, Pcl lti > B .S. d rgrer from Beloil Co ll ege. fro "' l<l 22 lo 19 21 l, r '<' rn ·d as u lf't.H l• c·r in ~ou th Ddkota a nd tl1 c n \\ Cnt to tl1 c L1ni vc r.-, il v o f \ \ ' iscon sin in I 92 -1 "' H'<i<lanl Zoo ln J! i,J. 11 .. received hi s Pl. . 1) . rom \ \'isro n sin in I Q2 8. m cn nwhil f' ~{' f\ in g ilS .. \ ...... ; . ~ t n nt • \ qu a fi <. l3i o fog i . . t "itlr th(' Bur(·c:tu o f ri !" h r ri c..; fro111 J<J2 7 to I 033 . In I 0 31

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CI .ASS OF 19W LLOYD NEL 0~ 1\i\'DRE\\'~. Log,,n Wildlife 0lanagcmcn t .. unuu c r 'lb. Great Basin Lxp. ta. SurnnH'r ');, \\ 'asf'lt(h Branch [xp. Sta

HAROLD L. BAKER. O~d ,· n Forestry Phi Garm!IA Rho Phi Kappa Phi

.. urumcr '37 Trail Con~;;t. ~uul ~ lnin

hallis 1\:. F. LYLF. /\. BAKER. O!!dcn For<'~ lr)

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CLA S OF 1939 DJ:'v\'llT

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I :,p .

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J>.\l 'L

I 1.\I ~OLD D. 10 11

J ~.tn(!e :.Janngf'ment

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ludrn l.

C. C.

Cl. SS OF 1939 WALTf~ R

II. KllTA;\1~. l\1ont.>n n \ Vildlifl' 1' la m~ge m ~ nt Phi Eta , igma Phi Gamma Rl10 PI,; Kappa Phi

•ren t Falk

'3 . TC"n•pomry P a rk R a naer,

.. um111 C" r

Ycllo" ' ton c

at'l Park

\\ 'ILUi\ l KR EGER . Bingl,,, m Ca nyo n Forc< tf\ 1

.. ignm

." 11 nllllt'r '; 8, BlistN R11st ""'" · Idaho

ontrol.

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Li\:'- L\R

I\I 1\ SO~ .

prin ~, ille

i\ 1. \ nil {!£' m c nt Utah I:orcs tcrs. V Pres. '38-39

R n n j.!<'

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ED\\'ARD ;\ IILLAHD. I ictrirl.. J,laho \ Vildlil r ;\ l"""!!rmcnt Track .. ummr r '1;, R n n J!C ~urv cy.s

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RI :ED I) Forcslr)

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1939

prin gvillc

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'1.""'!!'''"''"'

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

fir<t Rou •: Sclwrfwf . /.. Dal<er. Ge;,c•f. Spenc lloP<'. -"•·ro <ul Rou •: //,•v. C lwt efnilt , Speirs , Rattle, S111i tl ..

, \(""" ' : To.l,/. S . Bolu•r. Professor Barnes.

UTAH J NIPER STAFF STA

I.LY

................... Editor

GESSEL

PROFESSOR BARNES .... .................................. .. .................... Faculty

F RA

................................................... ..... Assis tant Edilor

TZEN TODD

HAtWLo

Advisor

PEJRS ............................................................ ..... Assiston t

EowARD C JtAT ELAJN

.................................. ...................... Business

Manager·

LYL E 13AJ< ER ................................................................... Busine 1:'-ION BAKER .... . PENDLOVF

. ......................................

Edilor

lanager

!\ sis tont Business

lanager

. .... . ... ........... .. ...... In[[ Arlisl

Bon HEY ..................................... .............. ...... ...................... .Pfwlogropl1er

B. PA

l\ liTI!

. .. .. ..................................................... ........ . Pfwlogropher

L RATTLE .............................................. .... ... ... ...... ........... ..

PAUL

C t·IERBI:.L

Ia[[ \:Vriler

... ................... ............... .......... ...................... ... Staff

Typi s t

Pill C ,\ :'- 1:'-1.\ 1~11 0 I"R.\ 'IIX'\II'IY Croii(Jv. G(''"f'/, StiHI/11 1:., Hower-., Stoddort.

Fir!tl N.o1P : / ow~ :- .

:;eco r~cf HotP : Bloi"lell. /~""'" .."""· Cl;f f. 13ok•' r.

T/,ird Uou':

~~~~;, /, ,

S/w{c•r, Todd. 'T'Iumw .. . Kittw"" ·

T (l~or, ,

Kt•ll<lt'r.

PHI GRMMR RHO 0 la rch 2b. 1936. th e ho nornr · forestn fra lern itv. Phi Camma Rh o. was organized o n th e U ta h ' tat e ca mp-us. Th e ;)rim a r purposes of it s organization w ere to stimul ate higl1 st hol as ti c a tt a inm e nt a mona stude nt s of forr try. aid in soc ial act iviti es, d e ve lop th e prrsonality and ch aracter of it s memlwrs. a nd irrad ia tr prin c ipl es o f co n. c n a ti o n to th e grnera l publi c. ln order to ca rry out th ese objects. mee tings. featuring so me lead e r in th e various ·c hool s o r th e co ll rge h ave been h r ld once < month in th e men 's foun[!e. Prob lem s \\IIi< !1 pe rtain to fi e ld s other th a n Foreslr) have bee n di sc ussed as a m ea n> of stimulatin g th e me mbers to a broad er vie wpoint. An add ed allra lion h as bee n th e r freslu11 ents se rved a t th e close of eac h meeting. Th e honor p laque. a proj ect o f past vear. h as been co ntinued a nd in addition a trophy case is be ing made io hold th e rapidl y in creas ing trophies of th e school. Phi Gamma Rho see l< s a nd accepts on ly tho e sen iors a nd juni o r~ in th e chool of Fores try who have s hown a bilitv b y high sc hol as ti c ilt tainmen t and leaders hip ac ti vities in the school. Act ive members of Phi Gamma Rho are: S tanley 1essel. presi de nt ; Ervin Schmutz. vice pre id ent ; John McDonald. e re ta rytreas urer: D e\Vitt Grandy, ra nge r: D ean Paul !. I unn . Dr. L A. S todda rt. Dr. R . P. lcL a ughlin . Dr. D . J. Ra ss mu sse n . Profes or George H . Ke lker. Professo r George H . B a rne s. Professo r J. \Vhitn ey F1o yd . Professo r A rthur D. _mith. fa c ult y advisor: Glen Jones. L yle Bake r, L a m a r f\ lason, Julian Thoma s. Everell Doman. \Va lt e r Kitt a m s, R eue l Jan se n . Frantze n Todd . J ack i\ lajor. H a rold Bake r. K enn e th Bow rs. Oliver C liff. P ershing Bl a isd e ll , P a ul Shafer. H a rold I-lin er. E lliot Killpack. John Quayle. f\ lax Robin so n . Lorin D edri ckson. Edward Cha te la in , f\ fax C linkinbeard a nd John Hampton .

f HE

U TAH

JUNI P E R

Sr lo erlw /, Porn•, Hutt/e, To.ld.

"CHIPS" F o r se, ·e ra l yea rs th e re h as h ee n a need for a fo res lrv new s sh ee t a t our ch ool whi ch would gi ve th e curre nt new s o f th e. d e pa rtm ent s o f fo res tr y. ra n ge. a nd wildlife. coupl ed with ce rt a in a nn o un ce m e nt ~ a nd notnlion s eve ry me mbe r o f th e sc hool sh o uld h e fa mili a r with . \Vitl1 th e h e lp of d c pnrtm e nt finan ces a nd the . u gges li o n s o f D ea n Dunn and Dr. S toddart . th e fir st i. sue o f " C hip " w as mim eo graph ed on O c tobe r 18 111 undN th e direction of Paul . R n ttl c. editor . In " , hort tim e Frfl nlze n Todd w as ch ose n as ass ista nt Pditor. a nd P a ul Schnhel a s s taff rn e mhN to handl e o ut sid e new s and exch a n ges . SecrP tn ri a l h elp \\'il S furni sh ed bv th e D ea n with th e se rvi ces o f 1'-li ss F a ve P a rr : . " C I!i ps .. c onH's o ut Tu esd ,l\ o f e ve ry w ee k. fo ur nages I hi ck 200 co pi es ~ tro n g. r-\t th e prese nt wrilin [( th e re is il m n ilin g li st o f ove r thirtY co pi es wlli cll !,!O to vario u s qra du a les: o th e r fores trv s< h oo ls: a nd fo res t. ran[(e . a nd " ·ildlife a[(e nc ies throu [(h o ul th r w~s l e rn U nited S tniP s.

CU ' I ~ 0 1 i'I CI:Ib l'ir'l /~mP : C1H>"'< '/. .S, f~t•rl)(' l . Huuruh·. Speir .. S<•Uu!d l~atP : /~o ft/(•, /l ol>,O rl , u nd 1\l n~o n .

.llN EDITORI.llL EA I loB o

T3 v I

\\' c. th e U ta h Fo re~ t e.rs. lm ve w ea th ered a no tl1 e r . c hoo l vea r...2 17 s tro n ~Z-and indeed o ne o f th e m o~ t w ccess ful o f o ur hi s to ry.· O ur tr a diti o n s p e r ~d s ted a nd ~ rc w ; o ur co nques ts fl o uri s hed . \ V e proved o ur lead e rs l•i p in co m pe titi o n with o th e r ca mpus c lub s b y P a ul 's P a rt y , tf, e m os t "id e ly pro p a~Zn ndiz e d a nd mos t popul a r s tud e nt bod v d a n ce o f th e vea r. hy f,!a rn c rin (! h n nd s d o wn . th e \Vint c r Ca rni va l tro ph y , by o u r blue ribb o n A f.! S h o w b oo th , a nd by o ur reel ribb o n H o meco min g D a v fl oa t. F o undati o r• ' w <'l'c la id fo r a nnua l F orcs trv A lumni Brea kfas t·, a t I lo meco min f,! tim e. occas io na l jo int mee tin gs with o th e r ca mpus club ,. a ne w A ssoc iil ti o n o f \ V es te rn Fo res tr y C lub s. il d y n a m ic' fe ud w iilr a li ve lv b un< h o f E n gin eers . "hi <1, did more to h oos t h o th cl ub , int o pro min e n ce th d n a n y o th e r o n e stro ke: " w ee kl y Fo res try Sc hoo l pub li ca ti o n . "C hi ps" : an d lh e int ro rf urt io n to th e s tu de nt h ock o f cert a in p rom in e nt s peal<crs . T h e ta l1 .Junipe r. o ur a nn•ml publi ca ti o n . ma inl a in ed it s n: pcc ted hi q h s ta nd ard s. Our u s u a ll v b rilli a nt fun - f<'s ts. b a rb ec u e. sl<a tin f,! p a rti es. d a n ces. ba nqu e t ~. a nd m ec tinqs exce ll e d nil pre vi o u s o n es . i\ bo unt eo u s vcar- t lta h Fo res l<'rs. 1 o r s h o uld th.e fa ilures go unm e nti o ned . fo r wh a t s ha ll h e th e purpose o f s u<h a n a rti cle if it is n o t to prese nt a co mpl ete pidure o f our vea r ~o th a t futur e yea rs may find g uid ance. Eve n o ur so rry di sp lnv a t O pe n ll o u ,c. m ise ra hl e th o u f,! ll it w as. w as " ·o rth expe ri e nc in q. Tt 1rnco , erC'CI o ur <ro \\nin g w eal<twss. th e o ne ca n ce ro u s ca re. whi <h mo re th a n n n' o th e r o n e fen turC'. d oo m s to d es t ruct io n a n y g ro u p d e tJC'n d e nt 11po n unit y fo r _ tre n !'! tl•~p oo r o rga niza ti o n n nd th e w o rd " poo r" in thi s .>c n se " ea th C' rs severe nh u sC' for o ur w as n't e ,•c n poo r or!'!a ni za ti o n . it was wh olk Ia< l<i n !'!. :\To r w as it th C' fn ult o f th e me mhe rs. for didn ' t

T HE

U T AH

J UNIPER

th ey , "h e n th e oc< as io n a rose. w a lk _) / s t ro n g th ro u!(h u no pe n ed doo rs o f th e e n em y' la ir lo resc u e the ir pa tro n sa int ? Fu tu re leaders- and th a t is no l re lricted lo o ffi cer'- ''our' is th e job o f findin g som e thin g \' il a l whi ch will d Plo n a le every dra in o f yo u r o rga ni za ti on in a bo mb ~ h e ll of an im a ti on a nd C' nlhu ~ i ns m . whi c h will lC'a r from th e ir s h ell s th C' cl a m dwC'II ers. whi c h will l<ir k sn nd in th e C'ycs o f th e head cove re r~ . whi l h will g ive a h o t pin th ru s t lo th e " pullero ffe rs.'' whi c h wi ll n udl-(e in lo life th e d ri fte r, a nd prod in lo act ion l h e lag::tard . A sin g le year \\ On .l do il. b ut you rnu ' l b uild -bu ild . ma in tain vo u r <lreng ll t in th o,c fi e ld , i11 "hi c h you sC'rvC' '" tlt C' pace sd ler' . ' u rp ass th osC' <C'lo nd pl alC' l' fl or ls. and e lim in a te fa ilu re> . T h en your::"ill b e s u cce~' a nd trO \\ nin g ac hi evemen t. a n d "h a t is more. th en vo u wi ll he a cl ub .

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THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

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THE

UTAH

Picrt c. Dale R ........................................... R Putnam. ;-Ja-x L ......................................... F Rcmund. luniu, ........................................... F Ro ~ters.

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Rosenberg, l~ p hmi11t ................................ !~ Sha\\, vV;lli am 0 ....................................... 1 . mith . B. C ............................................... .l · .. p<'akrnnn, Vau~l111 .. .... ......... .... . .. J7 Stnpl"'· G. !:............................................ R S~c,·c r"· \ \'arcl ........................................... ! 1.,ft. Kay................. .... .. ......................... R 'I horr<'ll. Ro\' ........................................... \\ ' T;n,Jr·). K<'nn <' llt........ ... ........... ..1 Trudt•n, 1\ndrr•y....... .. ......................... .1~ ' Jur k.. r. John P............ ............ .. ....... 1 Vnn Cot!. John \ \'....... ..... ..... .......... ..R v.. ,; ldf. Vn sil. ................ ...................... \\' \\ 'r•n,•cr. R,•,\ ............................................ F \Vil ro,, :'--!r·il. .......................................... R vVilli.um. C . 0 .............. .1{ \ Vork. Rol,..rt 1°.... ............ .. .. \\ ' ) oung, Rolwrl D.................. \\ '

JUNIPER ll ,uHplon. KPnowtl t. ............................. F 11amplon. Rex ........................................ F ll anscn. ll o" arrl I ...... . .. .......... .. ...... R ll an.sc-n, Royn~. .... ...................... __ I ll nrlin<'. ,J..n,lon 1.................................. .!-' ll nrt. ieddi,•............................................ J' II ,"' kl "'· J)e.on :---. ... .......................... F I lcndt·r-rm. Dn.IOH' \I. .. .. ................... 1" ll f'rwit7. Jprouw .. ... ............ . ...... F I ley, Robert. ............................................... F ll otlid,., , Hl.tiiH' 0 . .. .......................!' II orO\\ it1. lcnHIII ' I ....... ..................... F lfuto_l.i son. CJ,,.,j,., .......................... F Jackman. '-~roy. .. ..........................F Iemen. C. 1..... .. ... .. ...... .! IPnscn, H<'cd 1.. ........................ 1" Johnson. fkm.trrl. ... ..................... \ \ 1 ludtl. l.o·rov 1'.... .. .............................F 1\.illp,;r k. Jethro .... .. .................... r I .a N ·n. Glen .. .... .. ......................... .! l.ars<'n. \Vill ard ..... .. ........... .1' '-'" cr. Clvdr·.. ... .. .................... .1 · l .f'\\i s, Gu\ .......

FIWSJJ;-11\:--..: ,\llt·n. ::-t.lltlon L ...... J{ Bak<'r.. irnon I_. ...... ..1 · Bnllmd. \\ 'illiano ...... ............ .. . .. \ \ ' Br·ll. Plrillip K.....................................T R~ ndix<'n . Genr....... .. .... .. I 11r•n<'dir I. I :d" ard IL I{ Bjnrn •o n. Ra,·......... .... ... .. ...... 1{ Bt·Y'"· ·'"I tiP \\' ...... .. ............. 1 J3o)Jt•, \\ ',tyoH' ....................................... F Brown, l);,k . .......... ... 1Bro" n. J{ol ,..rt 1 ~. .... ......... .. ... 1· Burklr·y. \\ 'aJf.u ,....... ... ... . ............ J' Buttar,, l~ o n ..l rL ..... .. ........... .... X Butl.tr,, Vernon....................... .. ............. 1 Carroll. Tlmma> ................................... .I' C lark. Con (),•......... .. ......................... I' Clnrk. !]don........................ ..1{ Cooper. llu gh IL ...................... .I Core'\', Rolwrl 1:........ .......... .. ................ J" Cr.tn <'. It K"llcr. ....... ........ ... . ..1 · Croohton. 1.\nn 13.. ................................. 1 Davis. Dm·i.i' r,,nk.. ............................ T Dn, is. l'io~yfo rcL ...................... ........... .. .. F D<'nnin a. Hon.,ld 1... .......... ................. .Y hnr 1.. 0,\\ id ............................................... F 1:" ""· Frank ............................................ .1' l "n,t. l ~u qc n e ........................................ ....

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ACTIVITIES

THE

YEAR

T HE

UT AH

JU NIPER

THE FflLL BflRBECUE FridaY. Ot Iober -:. \\'d~ a \'Cr\ ex lraord in an dav ,,, ar<' d ll davs de,·oted to. Uta lt Stal<' For<'~ders acl.ivilies. It wa~ · tlw ~ l n\' of th e annua l Fall Barb<'< ue and Old So l ex hibit ed hi s p.trliality to ~ut d oor m en by sm i Iing the "!,ole a lt<'rnoon i nlo Cui ne,·a h park located in l .ogan <anyon "ho~(' rugged charm furtlwr enhantes thr· l)pital for<'sler·~ love of nature. It \\as de>tined lo he a gr<'al day for ol h <'r <'minenl reasons also hN· au~e a ll progno,[icalions, traditions , cu~ l oms. de .. "Ne virluall) tossed lo tlw skies and the mighty Seniors displayed their unqu<'slion able superiority by handing the r('luctanl Junior~ a narrow (so to speal<) hut very decisi\"(' d<'fral. The Sopll(>mon•s wNe sUCC<'ssfu l in finishing in third plac(' \\llen tl1 ev loo k tlw measur<' of the lowlv 1_-r<'s lll nen c las' who. incidentally. hav~' hren 'id orious th e prc·ce<'dillf..! thre(' y<'ars ( \\h a tsa mall<'r Freslltnen) . The final sco res \\ 't're t.tlli e d as follows: Senior. 10 (I lm -mm. loob lunn ·):Juniors , 23 (if a t lir, [ you don't '>u«eed lr) ag.tin nexl year): Sophomores, 1}4 (Ill( kv) : .tnd Freshmen () (my-o - my). The' feature' of tlw dm· ""' ih <' '-C'ric~ of so fth a ll f-(illll<'S played early in th e afternoon . lni errs l rankC'd C'.x tr<'me ly hi f..( h as th e Juni ors and then the ~ ophomores r<''P<"t lh e ly va in!~ endea\OrC'd lo -,el hat k tlH' high - fl ying S<'niors. Lo ·n l SopllOmor<' haclers .t nd th e' Juni ors pooled their root in g sections ,don!.! tl1 e side li nes and s till \\t'r<' un ah l<' to rattle S ta n C<'ssel a nd leve Ellis. th e c enior pitchers, whom th ey literally coaxed to "blow up." Th<' Se ni o rs, h o" ever. with Lh <' ir minds eye lool<ing up to tht>ir mythic, 1 ideal. P au l Bunyan. su n ·i\(·d a ll tlw mud s lin ging as o nl y Patti him se lf cou ld ha,•C' don<' nnd scor<' d th t> ir first victory o f th e d ay. im on B a l<er (nnothC'r B a l< er hoy ) . a Freshman. \\ as su< cess ful in cap turin g tlw on ly first place lli s clnss was a bl e lo ascN iain durinf1 th e wh ol<' d ay. llis c ho ppinQ" ~peed J,umhl <' d th e res l of th e <'nlranls. S teve E lli s. the S<'n iors pride a nd joy in thi s even t, perturbed tlw minds of hi . classmates hv aclua llv s h o " ing lin es of s train in hi s face as he sum m oned hi s ulm~st <' fforl . for eac lt s tro l<e after a fas l ~ tart. 11 <' la ter e.xp la in <'d lw had n " eal<ne ~ of foretasting tiH• ea ts th a t were soon to follow. The lug o" w ar furtll('r "h e ll t>d eac h individua l" , prope n s it y for food (this includes a ll th ose individu nls wh o rt>fusNI hreaHast th a t morning) a nd as HC'h BinQ"ham made fin n l prepa ration s for <'a lin f1 . a bread lin e spra n g inl o ex is te n ce th a t resem bl es N.Y. . pay d ay. The rapid disappearance of lt amhurgers a nd pies w as accomna ni ed hv s w ee t s tra in ~ o f music from th e voice o f G le n " L a \\T<'nce Tibhit " Quigley as J, e sa n g so m t> req u <' . t number;, . Speal<ing of th <' ea t ~ di sa ppea rin (!. il was a t thi s lime wh en a areal deal o f ta le nt wns UIH o ,•ered for so me future pie ea tin g co 1llesl. (0:ote: "sa funn y thin !! h ow littl e f1uys li b• Ea rl Sp<'nd love can lu J, aw, y Lh <' [(rub) . .At any ra l<' th e c lim ax of th e dav h ad het>n reached and m th e shndo" s o f dusk hegan lo qro " more i;1lense th e wh o le gro up of fo res l<'rs lurn <'d hom <'wa rd with sa ti sfaction a nd pl('asur<' d N· pl y in s liii N I in tll<'lll . (\ Vktl <1 full slom a d1 won't do for n man).

R VRCRTION IN SCHOOL

lAx RoBJNSO

'' H ey chum pa s the benns! \ Vhat 's the maller with you. can't you see I'm hungry? Chase th at hindqu arter of beef past me. but slow it down. I'll starve if I don't get orne of it. .. An irate !!lance from Doc. i\lcLau(!hlin. a momentary si lence and then the audib le munching of forty -two hungry fore ler~ as the • ~atisfied a ceaseless hun(!rr built up hy d, ys of "hatching'' life. These were the sounds whi c l1 ushered in the 1038 ,ummer camp. Eatinf.( could not go on fore\er (the food ran Ollt) ~o we rC'lired to the great outdoors lo find ourselves. After 270 d,w, of soft city lif<' and streets runnin[l' in cardinal dir<'clion s, \\e had .to adjust to ~ mountain climate and landmarl;~ which sePmed a jumbled nwzf." of directions. A few orien tati on trips Sf."rved a douhfe purpose: lo acquaint u;. with ;,ucl1 allractions as the l . ~. Fore;.! Sc·rvice i\'ur;.erv and to lif.(hten our flabby "schoo lboy'' muscles. Afkr thi s W(' \\ ('1'(' -prepared for .tnvtlling. even for tl1 r worst of Profrssor \\'hit Floyd 's wrvrying <our;.<'. '' He,Hh ,\l arl; 1- lill " "itl1 its rnlang lrmenl of chol;r chf."rry and aspen proved to he a uniqur plac<' to slnrl w·ern forrsl<'rs into "l1at ''as hoped \\ ould be thrir profrs;,ion. After slompinf.( hru~h. ndling patl1~ . and hendin!! " trn in<h" lod!!t'pole pinrs O\C'r "o that thr rnngr pole miglll he ;,er• : aftrr pacldng plane tahfr, lo thr top s of high ledges and '<'ar< hin!! for red flags on "Rattlr,nake Buttr": aftrr c h.1ining for hundr<'ds of quarter milr,: and aftrr lll1ntin!! for sect ion c ornrrs in dense forests. \\ (' becanw harch· '~'a~on<'d forrster s that l1acl-if not a lo10wl<'df.(e of sur, ·ey inl=(-a con~eil rqua l to any profrssional rnginf."rr. '\ext our minds \\'C'rr rn li !!l1trnrd will1 thr l<nowledgr tl1ill h<'nnH'L from thr countenance of Arthur D. Smith. the p•ofessor "ho lwlirved th;-,t ran!!e survey principles wen• taf,<'n from the Bihlr and palatahility table~ \\'<'re found on the "Goldrn Pl,llrs." llr [)('gan our Niue, lion in range managem en t by teachinl=( us e\·c•rytf1in!! from how to artificially Q'raze tlw ran(!e. to how lo estimalr with preci~ion th e appclit<'~ of catrrpillar,. In a practi ca l \'C'in Profc,sor , mith ex plainrd thr protrdure of salinl=( thr ranar and show<'d m thr [(isl of s lin Q'in[! a diamond hit c hed pnr.f.. on our faithful piclJc -hMrrl burro. Ranf,!e manaQ'emenl ancf sur\'<'\'inQ' \\ f." rr for[(olten hm,·r,er. as Professor 13arn es fed us into th c mrr hanics of forr s try. Llndrr th r coo l shade of century old Dr"tf.!las firs \\'(' cruisPd ti.mber. worl;cd on stand impro\'Cmcnl. and obtainrrl data for volumr and vie ld tahle~ . As thr hittrr must go along will1 the ,,,·eel. tl1r plrasan .t days ''er!" < lima"ed b,· lonQ nights of puttinQ' tl1 r data into usable form . l) rof!'ssor K""'!' ·. rk-l r·v•tl,prfj( ,, I "'"' ' '"'W ii <"' mindrd llld'l from ;\lie hig"an. tunwrl our inqui,ili' e minds to the problem;. of juaalinQ all birds into tlw ;.parrO\\ WOUlJ to mah• his formulae \\'Ork morr rff!"ctivelv. \ \ 'e IParnPcl l1m' to build strram defle c lors. fish dams . and mcasu;.f."

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

th e flow of w a te r bv tl1 e Htrum co id " method. ln addition Ramelli acq uired th e ar t o f l;ackin g down elk by the ir cal. Profe sor K elker ben efitt ed a lso; thou(:!h h e won't acknowledge il , w e b e li eve he lea rn ed how to fish. Jtl,ou~Jh the ques t of learnin g the practical s id e of forestry w as th e motiva tinq force in th e a lion s of the group, soc ia l life of a distin c t kind '"as ca rried on. Feminity, excep t for occa ion a l v i il of ummer ses ion stude nts w as co mpl e te ly a b se nt. Lacking thi restraining influence th e boy s carri ed on as only forester a n . The most act ive group towa rd thi end w a th e ''v igil a nt e ," imil a r to th e Ku Klux Kl a n . who terrorized th e ca mp . 'f\ Iany un susp lin g victims d eep in troubled s lee p w e re a w a kened very rude ly to find th emse lves flound ering on th e floor in a mal of quilt a nd blankets. Other ourageous victims would boldl y jump into bed a t night, cautiou s ly thrust a toe into a ool bed a nd th e n sudde nl y hit th e ceilin g as he co nt acted so methin g co ld a nd s lim y. It is not acc ura te ly known who was active in this cl a n be a u se de predation were ca rri ed on a ft er th e 10 o'clock li ghts had bin.ked. 01any sus pi c ions w e re in order thou g h a nd th e tra mp . tramp, tramp of militant fee t made th e iden tifi a tion of " H. H ." and "O' t e ll y'' a lm o l (e rta in . Doc , comin g in to res tore o rde r after one such escapade, hrou!-(ht mode t "Ch a t" under ob erva tion a h e found him in bed with hi · sh oe. on . la thin g conclu ivc could be proved thou gh as hat claimed h e a lways lep t th a t way. Lon e wolves came into bein!f to com ba t thi s evi l an d as a re ·ult few er b ed s were overturn ed o r put out in th e ni ght to a ir. But Davi a nd evy, th e two "C la rk Ga bl es" of th e camp . suffered heavi ly as tiH·y o ft e n ca me in la te a ft er sere na ding su mm er ess ion bl onde .

Camp life w as not without its recreation a l a nd in spira tion a l hi gh li ght . The form er w ere adequately upplied b y ool dips in Tony G rove a nd Bea r lakes . In c ide ntall y th ese dips turn ed out to be bad for so me of th e boy when choolbo y co mplexion w e re re pl aced by beautiful pinks. ln a geolo gical fram e of mind the boys made a urvey o f Loga n Cave an d d esp ite th e ir best e ffort non e of th e m ucceed ed in ge ttin g lo sl. Th e mo st fasc inating eve nt occurred when Doc. Mc Laughlin , w a king us a t three o'clo k a.m. lo lake u on a trip to th e Bear River Bird R e fug e, gave u s th e opportunity of see ing th e 1orth ern Lights. To see that fli c kering awe-inspirin g light from th e Iorth i omething we shall not forget . \Yell it's over-the moan at having to clip m e ter plot , the rabbing about having to count rode nt holes, gues at bird population , estimate forage con sumption , and watch ca terpillars eat buckbrush. The cla tter oF pudding di he a nd ven the hum from " Deddy" as he meditated over the poss ibilit y of eating another piece of apple pie. II gone hut not forgotten . writte n in the bool< of mernorie , they lie in wait for the day when a group of tah tate Fores ters will again meet around a cheery camp fire and spin yarns of the long ago.

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

TWELFTH RNNURL BRNQUET Friday even in g . .\larch I 0. 132 foresters and gue ls mel al th e Bluebird lo attend th e Twelfth Annua l Banquet. Under the able dire lion of Toastmaster \ Valter Killnms laughter re ign ed supreme throughout the eve ning. R. Scott Zimmerman , as principal speaker of the eve ning. ac quainted u with so me of th e many problems in wildlife onserva tion. Dean Dunn told of th e large number of graduates emp loyed whi ch , coup led with R eg iona l Forester C. l 'Âˇ \ Vood's toa st, make the futur e look bright for u s. Those respon s ibl e for th affair w ere: Harold I liner. Elliot !\.illpac k, Ri c ha rd ,\l arslan . and George Bafcam.

PRUL'S PRRTY Last year " Paul' s f->Mty" wa s inauguratcd in honor of Paul l. Dunn , who was a t that tim e commissioned D ea n of th e ' cfJOof of Forestry. The th e me of that party wa s conce rning Paul Bun ya n . mythi ca l American lo,:!,:!er a nd woodsman. th e patron sa int of all true foreslN~ . The function w as financed h\' th<' stud en t hodv . th e whole s< hoof b e in g invited. . gain tl1i

)ear th e studen t body finan ce d th e affa ir and " Paul'-,

P<rl y" benun\' an ann ua l activity spo nso red by rhe Forester Âˇ. Do yle I !a le wa cha irm an of th e committee in c harge of preparations, a nti unde r his direc tion Paul . R a ttl e ha ndl ed publicity. wilh Boyd Gurr and Tom Sevy handling d e ora ti on . leedless to sily th e en tire c luh fe ll to and did a m ajo r portion o F th e work. An assemblv wa s held the aft<'rnoon before th e dan ce. and with P a ul ' . Rartl e :,s m as ter of ce re moni es. th e "Bunyan" slori e . an d mu sica l numbers were broad cas t from th e focal ra dio station KV U. This w as the firs t radio broadcast eve r to be m a d e from the college auditorium. r\ specia l fo res lr ' iss ue of Student Life. cam pus new spaper, to ld of hu,:!e trac ks le ft in th e snow by P au l Run ya n wh e n he arrived in LoQ"an . The en,:! in ee rs had a lot to say about th e acl iv itie and e nded up by kidnappin,:! Paul Bunya n from th e fourth floor of our building and holding him for a ransom of 300 ti cket s. eedless to ay, th e ran om was not paid and co nsequently '' Paul" was hung by th e neck from the eng in,eerin g building~mu c h to the d e li ght of th e ngineers and amusement of the student body at large . F rid ay night. February 17 th . rh e dan ce wa su ccess fully staged in a hall decorated with pine and . age. The four hundred coup les in attendance each received a sma ll ta tue of Paul Bunyan a a favor and la ter au tographed " Paul' " 27- foot axe which wa on display. All this act ivity occurring during th e week preceeding "Paul's Par t " seem s to lead to the establi shm ent oF a Foresters' \"'eek next year. s evidenced by the favorable reception of the dance and a sembly program. such a week wou ld not be am iss. The dance wa . aid to he the be t function on the ca mpu thi y ar.

JU~IIPER

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Broodl a, firn tfu) Forc)s iPr$ ' Ct'i,emhfy. "flu• nnfiou'!'l clwmpio n Fore.Sff-' r~ · rifle teom . Tfw wuuw f Fores ter, ' T fu, (;n•at OntJ in p(,r:::.on . Fon~s t f'n prott~'> t tlw udion o/ e11gineer'l. Dot-'~ f' Pl'ryorw TwfiP n towel? On<> of Doc's iclPoS-II'eigl,;"!l t ft l' summer camp stociPnf,

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THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

INTR.A.MUR.RLS

DuANE TURNER

The Utah Fore sters ha s held il s own in th e stiff co mpe tition of the fral e rnit _ league of th e U. S. . C. intramura l pro gram. At thi tim e (April I) w e are in s ixth place, hav ing co llec ted 664 intramura l point s. Scoll Brown and Acil Roundy , co-ma nage rs during th e fall quarter, organized a nd e nte red s trong tea ms in all th e eve nts on th e intra mural doc!< l. \Ve lost our first so ftball game but w ent on lo win th e co nsola tion c rown. Th e fa l "B" b a ketb a ll co mpetition saw us fini shing in third pl ace while in th e ea r-pullin g co ntes t w e fini s hed near th e lop. Burl H e rm ansen. o ur so ph o more hope ful , won first pl ace in th e 165po und event a nd Pres ide nt D ea n H obson co ll ected a seco nd pl ace in th e I 5-pound co mpe tition . 13egi nnin g th e wint er quarter. Harold Speirs re pl ace d Scott Brown . who had se rv ed for th e a ll oted three -quarters as co -ma na<re r. U nde r th e direc tion of "Ace" a nd "Spe irs." ''e co ntinued to e nte r a ll eve nt . t th e annua l stude nt winter ca rniva l at Ton y Grove th e Foreste rs w e re crowned c ha mp , w a ll<i n g" a w ay with practi ca ll y a ll honor . Accumulating 169 point s. w e led Sig-ma 1u a nd S ig-ma Phi Epsilon, tiH· two tea ms th a t li ed for seco nd with 92 point s eac h. ' pa rked by R e id 01 en. lc h sl a lom c ham pi on a nd th e Rocl.;:y l'v lo unt a in ama teur ski king. w e pl aced first in eve ry co ntes t for men's orga ni za ti ons except th e cro ss -co untry run. This w as ta ken by Dear! Buckl ey. a fo reste r per formin g for S igma ;\lu (th e son -o f-a -g un) . Olsen a lso look th e down -mount a in race a nd me n' s la lom , an d Jm k 7'. Ja jor was second in b oth th e la lom an d cross -co untry even ts. The four -ma n snow shoe team co mpo sed of Ed hat e lain . Lorin D edri ck son. T o m Sevy. a nd leve Ellis loo k lo p ho nors in thi s eve nt. whil e th e ski re lay tea m made up of T a lm a dge Coo pe r, lathan na pp . [~ rank D av is, and [.Jc rshin£( Bl a isd e ll w a lked a w ay with th e hon o rs in thi s eve nt. Th e a nnua l Foresters' Openhouse w as an unqua lifi ed success. Th e se ni ors lived up lo ex pecta ti on · by winnin!1 volleyball. basketball , handball sin g les. pinq -pon11 d oub les. and box h oc key. as '' e ll as being hi gh corers for th e e venin g

a.DVICE TO

a. FIRE

PROFESSOR (;FO RCE

GURRD

BAR

C on se rvation of o ur pre se nt limbe r resource a nd th e growin g of timbe r crop for futur e con s umption predi ca tes th a t th ey b e su ce sfully prole< ted fr o m fire until th e lim e th ey will b e required for u c. If th ese resources ca nnot b e pro lccle d reason abl y w e ll from d es truction th e n th e re is littl e u sc of practi c in g a n y l<ind o f fores tr y. Fire p ro tection , th e re fore, is th e firs t ste p towa rd an y l<ind of sound fo re lr ' pra cti ce, a nd durin g tl1 e d a n ge rou s seaso n o f th e yea r a ll el se is put a ide w h en n ecessa ry lo comb a t th e fir e m en ace . Jusl as fire pro tec ti o n is th e firs t sle p in fores tr y. il is o ft e n t he first o f a w o uld -b e fo res te r' s jo b ass ig nm e nt s. ?\l ew m e n r ecruite d fo r summ er fi e ld w o rl< a re usu a ll y ass ign ed lo so m e lype o f pro tec ti on w o rk as for es t f,! uarcl . sm o h· c l1 ase r. o r pa trolman . Th e impress ion a man m a l cs on hi s supe ri o r o ffi ce rs in thi s rol e m ay pl ay a n impo rt a nt part in hi s futur e su ccess a' a fo res te r. S in ce m a n y o f th e c le me nt , ry pro ll•clion s job s involve co ntac t with th e publi c. a pro per publi c re la ti o n s a ltitud e is esse nti a l in de a lin (! witl1 it. R e me mbe r a l a ll lim es th a t as a for es t offi ce r yo u a rC' a civ il se rva nt. Y o ur job is to se rv e th e publi c to th e b es t o f yo ur a bilit y, a nd to !rea l th e m with res pect a nd co urt esy . Vi s it o rs to yo ur di stri ct sh o uld b e regnrd ed as gu es ts. n nd yo u sh o uld e ndea vo r lo m a ke th e ir lay a pl ea sa nt o n e. D o n ot a ll ow th e m to impose o n yo u . h ow eve r. to su c h a n ex te nt th a t it inlNfc rcs with yo ur o th e r duti es. om e o f your duti es will b e po li ce- lil<e in ch a ra ct e r. In th e pe rfo rm a n ce o f th ese d o nol b offi c io us. Polite reque sts us u a ll y acco mpli h much m ore tha n ord e rs a nd tend lo fo, ler a s pirit of coo pera t ion with vou . A n o th e r il e m whi ch ca nno t be stressed too hi ghl y is p er o n nl a ppearn n ce . Th e publi c will jud ge th e se rvi ce lnrge ly fr om th e co nt ac ts it m a kes with you . i'lan y b eg inn e rs think th n t th r garb a nd n ppea ran ce o f th e o ld b a clnvood sm a n typ e is a ppro pri a te fo r th e job . Thi _ is a g rea t mi sta ke a nd will co unt h ea vil y aga in st th e o ffe nd er. So look yo ur bes t a t a ll tim e s. e ,·e n th ou g h it m ea n s ri sin g fiv e minut e _ ea rli e r lo d o a lillie cl ea nin g a nd p oli shin g . Yo ur h eadqu ar te rs sta ti o n sh ould he kept in c n ea l a n d o rd erly co nditi o n b o th in side an d o ut a t a ll lim es. ~ood mo tt o to a d o pt i, "a pl ace for e ve rythin g a nd eve ry thin g in its pl ace." S ta tion ground s should be cl ea n a nd sa nit a ry. Y ou will hnw innum e rab le mi cell aneo u s routin e duti es lo p erform whi ch if d o ne w e ll will l«•e p yo u busy for , long d ay . In th e mid I of a ll th ese rw ve r fo rge t th a t fir e co ntrol co mes fir s t. B e rea d v a t a ll lim e,;. ni ght o r cl ay . lo p ic];- l ll~ yo ur fire fi ghtin g o utfit a nd b e o ff withi n fiv e minut e · a ft e r n o tifi ca tio n o f a fir e. Five minutes is th e ge l-a w ay lim e expected o f you. Tri\\e l stea dil y a t a ra le yo u ca n m a int a in . \Vh e n you h a ve loca ted th e fir e. size il up a nd go to w o 1l a nd d o not lea ve it u n til it is ou l.

IN MEMORIUM Su11sl!l oncl I!IJI!ning s lar, And o n e cl l!o r ca ll }or me; And may 1f1 erl! he 110 moo11ing o[ 1f1 c bor, \\'/1 1!11 I pul oul lo CCL - Tt::NNYSO I

of ' I I of '36 of '36 of '39

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

TO THE fi.LUMNI

By PA

1'1. Du

'N .

Dean

Cree ting-s to you . th e lumni of th e U ta h State F ores tr y Scho o l. \ V c tilt' fac ult y and th e s tudent s ~a lut e yo u aga in. noth e r yea r h as ro lled m o und a nd w e wi s h in a brief wa y lo [.!ive yo u co nt a ct with yo ur a lm a m a te r. Th e sc ho o l has h a d a n o th e r fairl y s u ccess ful yea r. \Vhile th e lo ln l re f,!i s lra ti o n dro pped fo r th e ~eco nd time in years. th e re till w ere reg- islNed in 1938 -39. ove r three hundred stud e nt s. Th e re w as a o n tinu ed in c rease in m e n fro m o ul - o f- ~ t a t c. It _ec m s th a t o ur c hoo l i g-a in in [( ~o m e re< of,! nili o n with th e o th e r ~( l1 oo ls in th e <O ttnlr y a nd is a ll rae lin g- me n fr om , II over th e nited ta les. Tn o rd e r lo f.! i,·e yo u ~o m e d efinite info rm a tion in reg-a rd lo ha ppe n in g durin g th e p as t ·ea r. l will ilcco unl som e o f th e m a jor it e m s. Thi s yea r sa w th e siMI o f c1 buildin f.! pro[( ra m a l th e F o res tr y s um m e r Cil mp in f_of.!a n ca n yo n . Th e ce nt e r sec ti o n o f th e firs! p e rm a ne nt unit w as pra c ti call y <Ompl e tcd . Thi s unit , o n e o f three. will b e th e d o rmitor y. It will l10u se fo ri ·- fo ur m e n a nd th e facu lt y. Thi firs t ectio n in <o rp o ra tcs in tl1 e b ase me nt tl1 c sh o w e rs. to il e ts. furn a e, h o t w a te r unit a nd o n th e m a in fl oo r. slee pin g- qu a rt er~. Th e pl a n ' fo r thi s co min g year in c lude th e co mpleti o n of thi s ce nt e r sccli o n a nd one o f tl1 e two win [!~. It i ~ l1 o ped th ,tl "ilhi n fi ve •ca r <.. w e will _ec th e com pl e ti o n o f th e three unib . n a m c l y ~th c d o rmit o ry. th e dinin g-h , 11 kit c h c n a nd a d m ini s tra ti o n buildin g-. In rega rd to th e ca mp . w o rd w a> rece ived th a t th e buildin gs o n th e s it e ha ve b een re lea,ed h ~ th e C ivili a n Conse rv a tion Co rp s lo R eg io n --1 o f th e F o res t Se rvice . Th e wh ole se t- up will b e u sed as origin a ll y pl a nn ed, coope ra ti ve ly h y th e Fo res t Servi ce a nd th e co ll e~te w ith o ut a n y fea r o f a r oss ihle tra n sfe r o f th e buildin gs. T eac hin {! fa< iliti es in th e sc ho o l w e re e nh a n ced d ur in !! th e vciH by th e es ta bli s hm e nt las t .Jul y o f th e rc{! io na l o ff ice o f th e : S. Bu rea u o f Fi sh e ri es. D r. , tillm a n \Vri ghl. R eg-iona l Bi olog i, t in ch arge. h as o ffi te a nd la h ora to ry s palC' in th e Fores try huildin g. Thi s fi sh e ri es p rog ram. c hi cf lv in,·cs ti ga ti vc. "ill b e o f cons id era bl e va l o f(' lo our "h o le p rog-ra m .· Dr. \\ ' ri f,!ld "ill ass is t witl1 so m e o f IIH' classe . a n d h is worl, will . o f co urse. includ e th e par t-tim e e mpl oy me nt o f some o f th e s tud e nt s. Tl1 e F o res tn· nu rse n · l1 a~ h cc n con linu inQ' lo Q'ro \\ an d i' looldng for m o re gro und to co n ; ru er.

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

The first a lu mni meetinl.( of th e Foreste rs, which was h eld on th e occasion of a hreniJa,t n t ll omecominq, was quite sue e ful and ''e al l hope th at thi~ annual affair " ill be continued and will be placed on your fall program. The em ployment si tu a ti on \\ US re la ti,·cl v gooc l. I urinq tl1 e pa l yea r over twen ly of th e' men l1 ave received permanen t emp loymen t, mo s tl v on the ba -, is of th e 1917 C'xam inali o n s. llowever. we now h ave a t !C';sl fiv e me11 placed as C. C .C. cam p edu ca tion a l a d v iso rs. Three gra du a tcs received sco lar~ llip s for advanced work. Severn ! o th e rs are a lso co ntinuing this lype of s tud y. The appa rPnt tendency of th e fed e ral ,Nvices to incorporate more of th eir em ployees , pprmnnent and pnrl -timc. under < i' il sNvic I' regulations. i, in l.(t'nera l n ~tood fealur c. The inauguration of the ~ tud e nl - n id examina ti ons fo1 underc lassmen "hich is contemplated. will h e n slep forward . \\'e recc ivP \\ Ord quite frequently from the field that you men arc doiiH! l.(ood work ,tnd th a t you nrc a cred it to th e institution . This nHll<es us fee l very proud . and we hope that th ese reports\\ ill continue. l)on't ge l too busy to write <><cas io nnll y. a~ \\ e nre a lwnys ~tl ncl lo hem from a n ' of yo u a nd we will try to find lim e to [:!ivP yo u a bit of th e 1ww;:. I will close witl1 b es t ,·ish es to nil of •o u from th e Fores try Sc hoo l fac ult v al l.o qn n .

GROUP aTTENDING FIRST RNNURL HOMECOMING BRERKFRST

Fir< I Rou•: f),m ,\/d_onn/,/in. I leywood, Snyder, Smilf1. Burne·<. Redel. G<•ssel. • ewnd Rou •: ~h.. se n, /~ollie. •'lorse, :'-Joson , Concft. Dwncm . Scfterlwl

THE UTfiH

J U NIPER

.ALUMNI DIRECTORY 1930 :\\DELBERT FA USElT- Associa te Range Exa miner, U. S. F. . Region 5, in charge of range surveys a nd studi es. 760 !'1a rket S t. , a n Francisco, Ca liforn ia. M a rried, one child. J . DELO Y HA NSE - Associa te Range Examiner, in charge o f ra nge surveys. U. . F . S.. Re!!ion 4. Ogden U ta h.

l'-1arried, two d 1ildren.

1931

r'RANK 0 . FONNE BECK-A ss t. Engineer U ta h Sta le Road Commission. Loga n, U tah. W. M. JOHNSON-Assistant F orest Ecologist. U. S. F. S.. Rocky l\1ounla in Forest a nd Ra nge Experiment la lion. Fori Collin s. Colorado. C. C. l\ II C HA ELS-Assistant Range Exa miner. U. S. S. C. S. S t. George, la rried. lwo children. U ta h. C. S. THOR O C K-Districl Forest Ra ngcr. U. S. F. S.. 'vVas hakee Na ti ona l Forest. D ubois. \ Vyom ing.

V'. I. BENTLEY- Dra ft sma n, U. S. Bur. R<>cl ama lion. 260 E. 4 N., Provo. U tah. LI FF-Associale Regional Fores t lnspeclor, in cha rge wild life studies. U. . F. S.. Region 6. 4306 . E. Mason S t.. Portla nd, O regon. Ma rried, one child. \ l L. I IAN E -Dislri cl Fo rest Ra nger. U. S. F . S.. Caribou a li ona l Forest. 1arried, one chil d. Poca tello, Ida ho. C .. P . ST A RR-Project Fores!cr, U. S. S. C. S. Price. Uta h. :'- larricd. no children . :'\1A RRI NER S W E , E -Juni or Fores t"'· F lood Con trol urvcys. Ca li fo rnia Fo res t and Ra nge Experim en t la li on. 102 Pasade na A ve., G lendorn. Ca lif.

E.. P .

1a rri rd, two

1934

R. C. A N D E RSO N-Di stri ct Fo rest Ra ngcr. U. S. F. S., Nevada l a lional Forest. Box 23 1. Las Vegas, Nevada. Ma rried, two children. L. II. CA RL ON-Dislri t Fores t Ra nger. U. S. F. S .. As hl ey Na tiona l Forest. f\1anila, U ta h. !\1a rricd. no child ren. MILT O t S ILL- Di stri cl Fores t Ra nger. U. S. F. S .. Bo ise Na tiona l Forest. Atla nta, Ida ho. Ma rried, two children. GO RD00J VA:'\1 BL' RE:01- D istri cl Fo rest Ra nge r. U. S. F. S .. 'vVhite Ri ver National Fo rcs l. Ya mpa, Colorado.

d1 ifdrcn. 1935 1932

0 \.VEN DES PA I:\1-Districl Fores t Ra n ~ e r. U. S. F. , .. La al Na tiona l Forest. . loab, Uta h. :'-larried. one child. D. !\1. EARL- Dislrict Fo rest Ra nger. U. S. F. S., Knihah Na tiorw l Fo re>!.' ho:a nah. U ta h. 1'- la rri ed. one <hilrl. 1. L. JACOBS-D islricl Fores t R an~c r , U. S. F. S .. C'ar ihou Na tional Forest. Ida ho Fa ll s. Idaho. :'- larried. one child. ODELL IUL AND E R- In structor in Fo restry. in clmr(!c of Ra n(!c and \ Vildlifc eslry Dept. . Iowa !a le Co ll e~te. A mes Iowa. \ l~rri crl. four child ren. 1. D. SCI !O TT - Ass isla nl Fores lN. projecl fores lcr for U tak l J. S. S. C. S. 40 E . l\ Tillcr A ,·e.. Sa lt Lake Ci ty. ta h. ]\ fa rri NJ. two chil dren. .'\LVJ:\' STEED-,\ ss ;<lan l Ran(!e E xamin e r. U. S. S. C. , . 409 N. Ca rli sle A vc .. Alhuauerque. :\lew :'\Texico. ;\la rried. lwo cl1ildren.

1933

\.V. S. ASTLE-Di slricl F orest Ranger. Powell Na tiona l Forest. Esca lante, U ta h.

R USSEL R. BEA -Las Vegas. Neva da. BAS IL C RA , E-Distri cl Fo rest Ra nger, U. S. F. S .. Hunrbo ld t Na tiona l For<'sl, Elko. Nevada. JO H M. C RO WL- Junior Forester, nursery superintendent. U. S. F. S., Ga rdner Na tiona l Fores t. Li cking, M issouri . la rried, three ch ildren. A RD E B. GU D ERSON-Distri cl Forest Ranger. U. S. F. S .. Ga lla tin Nationa l Fo rest. Bozema n, f\1onta na. r"-1arricd. one child. \\' ALT ER 0. 1-JA SON-Districl Forest Ranger. U. S. F . S.. San Isabel N a· liona l Fo rest. M offa t, Co lorado. ol marri ed .

FLO YD LA RS0 01- Assista nt Ra nge Exa min er. U. . . C. S .. T. C. B. I. A. Rapid Ci ty. South D akota. Ma rried . \VA INE LARSO N - Assistnnt Ra nt!<' Exami ner, range surveys. U. S. D . G . 503 Federa l Building. Sa lt La ke Ci ty, U tah. Married, one child. 1\N DRE\ V lcCO N KI E-District Forest Ranger. U. S. F. S .. Sa lmon Na tional Forest. Forney. Id a ho. :"la rricd. no chillrPn.

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

cA. H. PALMER & SONS PLUMBING and STE.AM HE.ATING PIPE - V.ALVES - FITTINGS SPRINKLING SYSTEMS LOGAN. UTAH

COMPLIMENTS OF

OLOF NELSON Construction Co. LOGAN. UTAH

" If it goes into the building , we sell it."

Home of "Better Modem Homes"

SMITH BROTHERS LUMBER COMPANY HYRUM

LOGAN

COMPLIMENTS OF

HATCH INSURANCE AGENCY, Inc. Logan, Utah

12 West Center Street

SEARS ROEBUCK and CO. " Logan's Mos t Comp lete Dept. S tore " HE.ADQU.ARTERS for Fishing, Camping, Tennis, and all .Athletic Supplies

SERVICE

We carry tl1e best merchandise we can buy Te xaco Petroleum Products - Marfak Lubrication - Goodyear Tires Willard Batteries - Hiqh Grade Accessories

EARL~ SERVICE STORE 5th North and Main

LOGAN, UTAH

Phone 1242

Frred · M · Nye Go. ogden. Utnh

S. E. NEEDHAM

- ]eweler - LOGAN, UTAH

THE

LEGHA:'\0 OLSE01-Junior Ra nge Examiner. U. S. F. S. Albuquerque, New :O.I<." xico. JOHN D. REDO-Assis tant Ran ge Exa miner. U. S. S. C. . :'-loab, Utah. :0.1. R STO CK-Di strict Forest Ranger. U. S. F. S .. Ga ll atin 'a tional Forest. E nni s, f\ ion lana. ~ larried, one child. 1936

J lOR. \ CE f\1. t\ NDRE\\'S-::-- It. Pleasa nt , U ta h. :\ot married.

FRED R. BAL'G f 1-As< t. Ranger, U. S. F. S., \\'yom in g Nationa l Fo rest. E"anston, \\'yondng.

'\Jot married.

_\LDCN N. BRE\ \'ER-Distrid Forest Ranger. U. S. F. ., La 'a l Na tiona l F ori's!. Blandin~. l'tah. ~ l arried, no 1 hildrcn. LE\\'I S CLAR K~Junior Forester. U. S. l '. ~.. Uinta Na tiona l Forest. Provo, U tah. Married, no ch ildren. JOSE PI I COL'Cl !-Educationa l Advisor,

c. c. c.

E DWIN E:'\GL\:'-10-Box 1715, I foll ywoocf. Ca lif. R IU I 1 - 1:\LI :'-iSO~-C. C. C. Technical Foreman. U. S. F. .. Cache National Forest. Logan , Ul,,h, Married, no children.

:'\r\Tl lr\1'\ S:'\YOER-Junior Range Exam in er. U. . F. S. Albuquerque, cw :'-lcxico. l\'ot married. VI CTOR ~ TOKES-District Fore t Rangcr. U. S. F. .. vVasatch National Forest. Pleasant GroYe, Utah. GEORGE S\ \' r\1:'\STON~Arca Forestcr. U. . S. C. S. Grand Jun ction, Co lorado. :'- 10:\'"'r S\\'E SO:'\-Junior Range Ex a1uincr. U. S. S. C. S.. l\ falad, Idaho. JOI 1:'\ Tt\ GGART-Ogden Utah. \NILLIAL\1 TO\N TS[.'\0 ~Educational Ad, isor, C. C. C. BERT TL'CKER-l'. S. F. S.. Burlcl.

Idaho. ~ot miHri<'d. L. G. \\ 'OODS-Dislrirt Forest f~an~cr. ,\fton, \\'yomin(!. ~ larried, no childr<·n gan, L•tah. ~ l arricd, no thildr<'n . 1937 ULA ND F. ALLE01-.Junior Range Examiner. range suf\·cys. U. S. S. C. S., A lhuqucrqu~. 'lc" :'- ft• ,iw. Sot married. \\'A YNE ALLEN-I :orcst Ranger. U. S. F. S .. San Bernardino, Calif. LLOYD J. ASTLE-336 N. 1st East, Logan.

J. \\1 IIT:'\EY FLOYD-Assistant Professor of Forest ry and Extension Forester. U. S. A. C. Logan, Uta h. ;:-, larricd, three chi ldren. PAUL A. GROSSENBACII-Junior Forester. U. S. F. .. \Vasa tch Na ti onal Forest. , all Lake Ci ty, Uta h. i\-larri ed, no diildreo'l. ALVIN C. II ULL-Junior Range Examiner. Range Research U. S. F. S. Inte rmo unta in Forest

UTAH JUNIPER

a nd R ange ExfX"ri-

mcnt Sta tion. 0(!dcn, Uta h. ::--1arricd. one child. JAY P. JONES- Span ish Fork. Uta h. ::--!ARK JO ES-Educa tiona l Ad,isor C. C. C. Las Vegas. Nevada. No t ma rried. WALLACE :VIA NING - Recrea tional Planner. U. S. F. S .. Uintah National Forest. ProYo, U ta h. FERRIS l\1cDERMAID-Junior Forester. U. S. F. ., Santa Fe Na tional Forest. Glorieta. 0/ew j\ lcxico. LEONARD RA::--JPTON-Junior Forestcr. U. S. F . S .. M allw ur alional Forest. John Day, Oregon. Tarri ed, one child . LAiVJOI\'1- ROI I\ \'ER-luni or Ran ge Examiner. C. S. D. C. Box I 0 I , Bishop, Cn liforni a. . \Rll-IUR D. S::--1ITI !~A ss i s tan t Professo r of Ran(l'e l'lanagcmenl. U. . A. C. Lo ~an , L' tah. Not married.

L'iaiJ. ~ larricd, no chi ldren.

JACOB BF:RG ~Assistant Nurseryman. U. , . F . '., Savcnac, t'o lonlana. ~ fAX BRIDGE-Graduate tudy U. S. A. C. S,hoo l of f-orestry. Logan. Uta l, VANCE DAY -Junior Range Examiner. U. . S. C. S .. \\ 'a rrcn, Arizona. ot married.

FLOYD DORI S~Eph rnim, Utah. i'o larried, one child. DON DR U~ !OND- Gradua te Study. Louisiana S tale Coll ege. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. f\larried, no children. JOI-1 P. DRUM •!OND ~Graduate Study, Oregon S ta te College. Corrallis, Oregon. Married, no chi ldren. T!IERON GENAUX-Educational Advisor, C. C. C. Blanding, tah. Not 111 arri cd.

RALPI I K. G IERI SCI !-Junior Range . F. S.. Rio Grand Exaaminer. U. National Forest. l\lonte Vista, Co lorado. l\ larricd, one child. ANDERSON ~1. GRAY~Junior Biologist. U. S. S. C. S., ew Albany, l\lississippi.

ot married.

LEE GRJ.'\ER-Ficld Assistant U. S. Bio i. S. a ft Lake City, Uta h. Not m a rri ~d. l\1ARVI 1 IIA:-\SEi\1- Tremonton, Uta!.. S HERl'IAN HANSEN-Biology In structor Lo(!an City chools. Logan. Uta h. CLARK B. HARDY~ I linckley. Utah. ::--1arricd, two children.

THE

UT A H

JUNIPER

THE BLUEBIRD Consistent Supporters of

u.s.

19 NORTH MaiN aND COLLEGE HILL

Nothing But the Best in Nationally Known Lines

CITY DRUG COMPANY W here You Ge t W hat You Ask for LOGAN. UTAH

Bennett's Pure Paint

Rawlings athletic Equipment Hardware

LOGAN HARDWARE COMPANY 45 N. Main

Phone 183

SEE

FOR

OUTDOOR

CLOTHING

E. W. ELLIOT & CO. "Quality at Low Prices" 95 N. MAIN

LOGAN. UTAH

"The Famous" All Kinds of SAGER LOGGING Single and TOOLS Double Bit Swivels fixes Chain Hooks All Patterns Cold Shuts Highest And Every Tool WESTERN PATTERN Quality Known for For the Last A tool that stands the test of time in the woods Logging MUST BE GOOD Half Century

WARREN AXE & TOOL CO. MANUFACTURERS of AXES and LOGGING TOOLS Warren, Pa.

S. E. NEEDHAM - Jewe ler

LOGAN , UTAH

THE

UTAH

BRADFORD HATCH-343 Denver t., alt Lake City, Utah. Married, no chi ldr~n.

ERNEST W. HENDERSON- Junior Range Examiner. U. S. S. C. S. Goldenda le. W ashin gton. l\ larried, no children. ROYCE D. HERMANSEN-Junior Range Examiner. U. S. S. C. S. Ca liente. Nevada. Married, one child. \VILLI AM H. HIRST-Foreman, C. C. C. l\1i lford, Utah. l\larricd, one child. ARTHUR E. HOLT -Ogden, Uta!.. :'\lAX . JENSON-Junior Range Examiner, U. S. S. C. S. Lordsburg, cw i\1exico. ELDORE S. JORGE SEN- Junior anJl~ Examiner, U. S. S. C. S. Safford, ArizonA.

JOI IN F. KANE-U. S. Bur. En to. acramcnto, California. larricd, no chil dren. I IENRY L. KETCHIE-Ogden, Utah. GERARD J. L0;>.1P-Graduatc tudy. Iowa tal<' College. Ames, Iowa. larried, no t hildrcn. FRED LA VI -Gradual<' tudy. Uni v. of Chicago. Chicago, Illinois. CLYDE T. LOvV-Junior Range Exa miner. U. S. S. C. S., Price, Utah. larricd, no children. JE SOP B. LO\V-Gradua t" F~ll o,n hip . Iowa talc Co ll e~tc. Ames, lo" a. ;'\ larri<'d. no children. DOYLE . LUND-Junior Range Examin"'. U. S. S. C. S. St. George. Utah. CLYDE R. MADSEN-Foreman. C. C. C. U. S. D. G. Reno, Nevada. Married, no children. EARL J. l\I,CRACKEN-2869 \Vas lrin gton Ave .. Ogd<'n. Utal1. :'\larrit:'cl. l" o rhildrt:'n. LEO f\IOLLINET-Brigham City, Utah. BLAINE C. MORSE- Junior Forester. U. S. C. S. Price, Utah. Married. four children. CLIFFORD OVIATT- Junior Forester. U. S. F. S .. Manistee ational Forest. Baldwin, Michi ga n. Married, no children. !\ElL \V. 0 \VEN-U. S. D. A. ANial Survey Laboratory. 1926 Lincoln Ave., Salt Lake City, Utah. :"1arricd, no children. 1-10\VARD B. PASSEY-Junior Ran(!c Examiner. U. S. S. C. S. Albuquerque, ew Mexico. l\larricd. no children. COTT B. PASSEY -Junior Ran ge Examin er. U. S. . C. S . :'\it. Pl<'a,;rnl, Utah. ;'\'larried. on~ child. JA CK I . REVEAt- U. S. D. G. Reno. Ne, ada. ;\ lnrricd, no children.

JUNIPER

VERNON B. RICH- t. Charles, Idaho. Married. JAY L. SEVY -Di strict Fores t Ranger. U. S. F. .. Nevada Nationa l Forest. Austin, Ne,•ada. Married. one child. WELDON 0. SHEPHERD- Graduate Assistant, Agronomy Department, Universi ty of Nebraska, Linco ln, Nebraska. El\IERY SNYDER-Tooele, Utah. WAYJ'\E TRIBE-Ogd<'n, Utah. C. DOUGLAS WADSWORTI 1-District Forest Ranger. U. S. F. ., W asatch National Fore<l. Hann a, Utah. YLVA D. WARNER-District Forest Ranger. U. S. F. S.. evada alional Forest. Baker, 1evada. l\ larried, two children. ELDON l\1. VI' ATSON - Educational Advi sor. C. C. C. Delta, Utah. Marri ed, two children. KARL J. WILKINSON-Distri ct For<'st Ran11er. U. S. F. S. Jarhrid ge, Nevada. ANTONE G. \VI KLE-Junior Range E~amincr. U. . S. C. . Pocatello. Idaho. Married. three children. EVERETT C. \VOOD-Levan, Utah. \lfLTO:\' ;\I. \·VR IGI IT -C. C. C. up~ri nt <'ndt:'n t . C. S. F. S .. Roos<'v<'lt i'\alional Forest. Fort Collins, Colorado. ;'\ larried. one child. IIAROLD i\1. VIIYCOFF-Ogden, U tah. 1938 GLADE ALLRED-Farm Superviso r, A. A. A. Loga n, l.J tal1. i\1nrried, one child. WARREN J. ALLRED-Afton. 'VI1yoming. l\larried. onr clrild. :'-J'ORi\IAN B. ANDREvV -i\lt. Pleasant. i\larried. TIIEO. E. At IID ER. Graduate vVork. U. S. A. C. I lyrum , Utah. ot married. J fER BERT ARl\ISTROt G. Lo((nn, U tah. i\farri ecl.

SHELDON BELL. Tonopah, Nevada. Tarried, no children . I~A Y BLLAIR-Foreman C'. C. C'. :'\1oun lain Honrc. Idaho. i\ larrit:'d, no children . HERl\TAN BLASER-Junior Range Examiner. U. S. S. C. S. Albuquerque, New i\lexico. Marri<'d. on<' child. VICTOR BUNDERS0.'\1 - Gmduatc vVork. u. S. A. c. l _o~a n. l 'tRh. :'-Jot married.

OLIVER CLFF-Graduatr tudy. U. S. A. C. Logan. tah. Not rnarri<'d. STERLE E. DALE-Protection, Kansas. Not marri<'d. LL'CAS DARGAN-Colorado Fish nnd Game Comrn. apincro, Colorado. Not married.

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

MEET YOUR FRIENDS AT

Heb's Pig Stand 268 N. Main-Logan

USE OUR DEN FOR YOUR PARTIES Sandwiches - Steaks - Dinners FOUNT.RIN AND CAR SERVICE

BUCK-HECHT HI-CUTS

CLOTHES FOR ALL OCCASIONS

LEVEN'S

FORESTER'S CLOTHES

LOGAN. UTAH

WIN GET'S ICE CREAM Logan's Only Exclusive lee

Crenm

S tore

WE CATER TO PARITES With Ice Cream and Punch

46 West Center

Phone 454-W

"Forest Green"

FoREsTERsWe carry a complete line ol Merchandise ol High Quality at Low Cost

Uniforms

GENERAL DEPT. STORES, INC. LOGAN. UTAH

COMPLIMENTS OF

ANDERSON LUMBER CO. UTAH

IDAHO

S. E. NEEDHAM - ]eweler - LOGAN, UTAH

THE

UTAH

RALPJ I Df:J\10JSY-Paragon Printing Co. 150 North lain , Salt Lake Cit y. Utah. ot

ma rri ed .

EVERElT D OMA N-Rescarc h A<sistant , U. S. A. C., 66 9 112 E. 5 orth . Loga n, U tah. larricd, no children. EUGENE DRO W N- Graduate Study. U. of Montana. 4 13 E. Spruce l. , l'vlissoula, Montana. Ma rried. no children. G ILBERT EGAN- 066 W as hin gton Ave.. Ogden, U tah. Not married. DO J. ELLI SON-G raduate Study. U. S. A. C. Logan, Utah. No t married. R EVILO FULLER- Bechtel Con. Co. El Segundo, Californi a. ot marriecT. HOMER GE SEL- Providence. U tah. ot married. LYNN GRI NER-B. S. '36. f'-'L S. '38. Refu ge Manager. A rrowhead Refu ge. Kensa l. North D akota. ot married. D O YLE I !ALES - Ogden. U tah. No t ma rri ed .

F RED B. I IA RRI S- G raduatc tudy. U. S. A. C. Loga n, U tah. 1\ larricd. no children. RI CHARD I IARRI - Grad uate Study. U. S. A. C. Logan, Utah. ot married. \ V ILLJ AI\1 S. I lAYES-Poca tello, Idaho. Ida ho. Married, one child. BE JAMI N H EY\VOOD - Junior Range Exa miner. U. S. . C. . C. C. C. Ca mp 5 . Espa nola. New 1\·lex ico. Not rn a rri <'d.

CUFTO I IO LLADA Y - Santaquin . U tah . No t married. WILLIAM D . H URST- Panguitch. U tah. Not married. CYRIL L. JENSEN-1 29 W . 2 North . Logan, U tah. Married. no children. EA RL J EPPSON- G radu ate Study U. S. A. C .. Locran Utah. No t married. MORR IS JOH SO N-Graduate Study. University of California. Berkeley, Ca lifornia. No t married. DO UGLA M. JO ES-Nephi . U tah. Not married. MORRIS LEWIS-Kamas. U tah. Married. no children. CLAIR 0. L D-Bri gham. U tah. No t married .

RAY E. McBRIDE-Pin gree, Idaho. Not ma rri ed .

LAWRENCE MATTHEWS vi lle. Utah. Not married.

Grants-

JUN I PER

JOSEPI I l'-IIR-Graduate tudy, U. S. A. C. Loga n, tah. Not married. ;-.!A RCUS NELSO 1 - Graduate Study. U. . A. C. Loga n, Uta h. ot married. RALPI I 1ELSON-Smithficld. U tah. Not nta rricd.

:-.JYRVI N NOBLE-Juni or Range Exa miner. Rese ttlment Admi nistra tion. Tooele, Utah. No t ma rried. RHODELL OvVENS-Graduate Study. :\ew York State College of Forestry. Syracuse, ew York. Not married. CON W AY PA RRY- Cedar City, U tah. No t married. VIR G IL C. PET ERSON - G raduate tudy. U. S. A. C.. Loga n, Utah. Not 111a rri cd.

Cf IARLE B. PI ERLE-District Fores ter, W es t Virginia Fores try Dept. Loga n, vVes t Virginia. 1\larried. no children. VA L RIC! IMA - Suga r Ci ty, Ida ho. f\ farried. five children. RAYMO D RO BERTS-O gden, U tah. Marri ed. no children. GRAYDON RO BI NSON- Range Examin er. Farm Securit y Adm. Ma lta. j\ fontana. Married, no children. FO RREST RO 1ERO -McCam mon, Idaho. No t married. RI CHARD RO YLA CE-Ogden, Utah. Not married .

HAROLD C HO LE -Nursery Foreman. U. S. A. C.. Loga n, U ta h. Ma rried. two children. MARK SHIPLEY-Junior Range Examiner, Nevada A gricu ltural Experiment Station. Reno, Ne,·ada. Married, one child. ROY HIPLEY-Junior Range Examiner, U. . S. C. S. A lbuquerque, New Mexico. Married, one child. AARO PEAR-963 W . 2 a lt Lake Ci ty. Utah . ot married. DONALD PIERS- G mdua te Study. U. S. A. C.. Loga n, U tah. 1\•larried, three Chi ldren. VICTOR SURFA CE-Project Supervi sor, U. S. S. C. S. T oocfe, Utah. Married, no children. REED THOMPSON-Teton, Idaho. ot married. DA YL \VEBB-Ricl•mond. U tah. Married, no children.

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

A Complete Line of

EA.STMA.N and A.RGUS CA.MERA.S

CARDON JEWELRY CO. LOGAN. UTAH

LOA.NS $10 TO $300 FURNITURE

MONTHLY PA.YMENTS

AUTO

LIVESTOCK

STATE LOAN COMPANY OFLOGA.N 29 WEST FIRST NORTH

PHONE 260

Nationally Famous Quality Pays You Dividends in Future Savings

BOYLES GOOD FURNITURE

S tore With the Friendly Doors

OGDEN

PHONE 70Â£'

LOGAN-CACHE KNITTING MILLS 124 SOUTH MAIN STREET- LOGAN. UTAH Sales men Wanted

Liberal Commissions - Spend Your Summer Vacation Selling Knits

IJRUGS LUNCH

FOUNTAIN

The Modern Drug Store Prescription Druggists 109 North Main St.

Phone 119

~~ME DIETZGEN on Surveying or Drafting Supplies is the Guarantee ofPRECISION MODERATE COST

Logan. Utah

LOGAN LAUNDRY and

DRY CLEANERS SERVICE

EUGENE DIETZGEN CO. San Francisco

California

QUALITY

PHONE 438 241

North Main, Logan, Utah

S. E. NEEDHAM - Jeweler - LOGAN, UTAH

THE

UTAH

JUNIPER

Western Auto Supply Co. Savings [or You and Quality TooWhatever you need for your car, you'll save time, trouble and money by going to "Western Auto." Among the thousands of articles we offer are--tires, batteries, motor oils, seat covers, auto accessories, tools and repair parts and many others. Every article backed by our well known guarantee of satisfaction or your money back!

Also--radios lor home and car. camp qoods and other articles - all priced low.

128 NO. MAIN ST. Phone 369

fvFKI/Y

Logan, Utah

TAPES AND RULES

STANDARD OF ACCURACY Board Rules - Log Rules Tree Tapes - Tape Rules and other measuring devices

Write [or Catalog

SaGINaW, MICHIGaN

New York City

TH E UTAH

JUNIPER

FOREST TREEยง FOR

DISTRIBUTION PRODUCED IN UTAH AND SOLD TO UTAH FARMERS

A View in Our Nu rse ry Address all Inquiries to

THE SCHOOL OF FORESTRY OR

THE UTAH EXTENSION SERVICE UTAH STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

"Woodmen Spare That Tree-" The Welfare of Industry depends upon the wise conservation of our natural resources.

PARAGON PRINTING CO. "Creative Printing" 122-124 WEST 2ad SOUTH

SALT LAKE CITY

Compliments of

CACHE SHEET METAL WORKS LOGAN. UTAH

}JJAilAl.JIJtAe Support Your Advertisers

Penney'a worka to aataaty local needa with rood merchandiae low · priced. We pay taxea, employ local people, uae the local bank. But because we're more than juat a local atore, we can meet your local problems with our national experience .

1. C • P E N N l: Y C 0., I n c.

S. E. NEEDHAM - Jeweler - LOGAN, UTAH