WO2019217258A1 - A tasteful natural sweetener and flavor - Google Patents

A tasteful natural sweetener and flavor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019217258A1
WO2019217258A1 PCT/US2019/030814 US2019030814W WO2019217258A1 WO 2019217258 A1 WO2019217258 A1 WO 2019217258A1 US 2019030814 W US2019030814 W US 2019030814W WO 2019217258 A1 WO2019217258 A1 WO 2019217258A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
acid
mrp
mrps
taste
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2019/030814
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Weiyao Shi
Jingang Shi
Hansheng Wang
Xin Shi
Yi Wang
Wei LV
Yingxiang XIN
Thomas Eidenberger
Original Assignee
Epc Natural Products Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/402,605 external-priority patent/US11252978B2/en
Priority claimed from US16/402,360 external-priority patent/US11425923B1/en
Application filed by Epc Natural Products Co., Ltd. filed Critical Epc Natural Products Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2019217258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019217258A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/60—Sweeteners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
    • A23L27/21—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids
    • A23L27/215—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids heated in the presence of reducing sugars, e.g. Maillard's non-enzymatic browning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
    • A23L27/36—Terpene glycosides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to Maillard reaction products formed from an amine, such as an amino acid, peptide, or protein, and a reducing sugar, optionally, in the presence of a sweetening agent.
  • an amine such as an amino acid, peptide, or protein
  • a reducing sugar optionally, in the presence of a sweetening agent.
  • some sweetening agents can also undergo a Maillard type reaction without the presence of a reducing sugar being present.
  • the sweetening agent can be added to Maillard reaction product(s) or vice versa.
  • Suitable sweetening agents include, sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), steviol glycosides, one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
  • Newly discovered stevia derived compounds such as rebaudioside D (Reb D) and rebaudioside M (Reb M), Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside I and Rebbaudioside J have an improved in taste profile, but still have lingering bitterness, metallic taste, and/or aftertaste when used in food, pharmaceuticals or beverages at higher concentrations.
  • compositions include a Maillard reaction product and at least one sweetening agent such as a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
  • a sweetening agent such as a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof
  • compositions include Maillard reaction products that are a result of a combination of a reducing sugar and at least one sweetening agent such as a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
  • a sweet tea extract such as a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside,
  • compositions that include Maillard reaction product(s) of at least one sweetening agent(s) such as a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention surprisingly provides compositions, products, processes to prepare and uses of Maillard reaction products described herein comprising the reaction product or reaction products of a first reactant comprising either a sugar donor having a free carbonyl group, or a sweetening agent or combinations of both and a second reactant comprising an amine reactant group (an amine donor) that can react with the free carbonyl of the sugar donor or sweetening agent(s) wherein the first and second reactants are reacted for a period of time at a temperature sufficient for a Maillard reaction to occur between the reactants such that at least one Maillard reaction product is formed.
  • a first reactant comprising either a sugar donor having a free carbonyl group, or a sweetening agent or combinations of both
  • a second reactant comprising an amine reactant group (an amine donor) that can react with the free carbonyl of the sugar donor or sweetening agent(s) wherein the first and second reactants are reacted for a period of time at a temperature sufficient for
  • sweetening agents such as sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extracts), a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated stevia extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof were not considered suitable substrates/reactants for a Maillard reaction to occur.
  • the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
  • the stevia extract can be isolated from leaves, branches, twigs and fruit and/or seeds of, for example, the Stevia rebaudiana plant.
  • the solid material(s) is treated with a solvent, such as water and/or an alcohol and heated so that components of the stevia plant are extracted into the solvent.
  • the extract or the components can be isolated and purified by various means known in the art.
  • the sweetening agent is one or more steviol glycosides, such as rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside G, rebaudioside Gl, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside FI, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside 13, rebaudioside J, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside R, rebaudioside Rl, rebaudioside S, rebaudioside U, rebaudioside V, rebaudioside V2, rebaudioside Y, as well as those listed in Table 2, or mixtures thereof.
  • steviol glycosides such as rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O,
  • the amine reactant group is an amino acid, a peptide, a protein or mixtures thereof.
  • the reaction between the sugar donor and/or a sweetening agent and amine reactant group occurs at a temperature of between about O 0 C to about 1,000° C, from about 10° C to about 180° C, from about 50°C to about 180°C, more particularly about 100°C.
  • the Maillard reaction is conducted at a pH range of from about 2 to about 14, more particularly a pH from about 7 to about 14.
  • the Maillard reaction could occur with or without high pressure.
  • a sugar donor such as sucrose, glucose, fructose or galactose is added to the reaction.
  • the Maillard reaction products described herein can be considered flavoring agents and/or also antioxidants.
  • stevia glycosides could bind the volatiles of various flavors used in food, beverages, cosmetics, feeds and pharmaceuticals.
  • Treated stevia glycosides by the methods disclosed herein could be widely soluble in water, water/alcohol, alcohol, and other organic solvents used for the flavor industry at different temperatures.
  • the stevia compositions could naturally encapsulate the flavor produced during the processes described herein. Therefore, it is also excellent carrier or encapsulating material for flavors, including but not limited to flavors and spices originated from plants such as bark, flowers, fruits, leaves, animals such as concentrated meat and sea food soups etc., and their extracts such as essential oils etc.
  • a processed flavor is added to a stevia solution, then dried into a powder by any method, including but not limited spray-drying, crystallization, tray drying, freeze drying etc.
  • volatile flavors could be preserved.
  • MRP flavors have to be maintained at low temperatures such as 10 degrees centigrade.
  • the advantage of the present embodiments is that encapsulated flavors by stevia glycosides could be kept at room temperature or even higher temperatures without much loss of flavor.
  • the antioxidant properties of MRPs plays an additional role of protection of the flavors.
  • specially designed compositions can enhance a foam for a specific application such as foamed/frothy coffee.
  • an anti-foaming agent could be added together or separately during the reaction processes descried herein, such that the product could be used to prevent foaming for beverage bottling applications.
  • Maillard reactions create unique orthonasal and retronasal taste(s).
  • the typically associated off-taste of stevia glycosides is either removed or masked with MRPs added to the stevia glycoside(s) and creates an overall good smell and taste of the resulting composition.
  • MRPs increase the bitterness threshold of stevia glycosides and enhance intensity of sweetness, thus making stevia glycosides useful for sugar replacement or sugar reduction in a product.
  • the inventors have surprisingly found the flavor of compositions herein, are the result of the process not only characterized by Maillard reaction between sugar donor and amine donor, but also is synergized by different groups of stevia glycosides with or without non-stevia glycosides substances.
  • the volatile substances produced during the process are surprisingly retained by the stevia, including non-volatiles, so the processes described herein substantially improve both the taste and odor and consequently, improve the overall profile of stevia glycosides to be sugar-like or honey-like, chocolate, caramel, etc.
  • the mixture of MRPs, including initial and final SGs from the Maillard reaction provide new odor and taste profiles.
  • the initial SGs' typical undesired taste features are thus concealed by the processes and compositions described herein and are no longer recognized as low purity SGs which normally possess grassy tastes and smells.
  • sweeteners such as high intensity synthetic sweetener and/or sweetener enhancers.
  • the present embodiments also provide methods to produce caramelized stevia glycosides. This can be accomplished by heating dissolved stevia glycosides at a high temperature (from about 0°C to about 250°C) which is sufficient to cause a caramelization reaction to occur.
  • the resultant caramelized stevia glycoside(s) can be further dried as powder or made into a syrup. This is also applicable to other sweetening agents.
  • the present embodiments also provide a stevia composition that includes a strong caramel aroma, popcorn, chocolate, citrus, almond, peach, honey, floral, coconut, molasses, etc.
  • Figure 1 depicts a relationship between the intensity of floral taste to the ratio of stevia to glucose and phenylalanine mixtures.
  • Figure 2 depicts a relationship between the intensity of tangerine taste to the ratio of stevia to galactose and glutamic acid mixtures.
  • Figure 3 depicts a relationship between the intensity of peach taste to the ratio of stevia to mannose and lysine mixtures.
  • Figure 4 depicts a relationship between the intensity of chocolate taste to the ratio of stevia to mannose and valine mixtures.
  • Figure 5 depicts a relationship between the intensity of popcorn taste to the ratio of stevia to mannose and proline mixtures.
  • Figure 6 depicts a flow diagram for testing of mixtures of amino acids, steviol glycosides and reaction products.
  • Figure 8 depicts an MS-spectrum related to Figure 7.
  • Figure 11 depicts an MS-Spectrum related to Figure 10.
  • Figure 13 depicts a MS-Chromatogram (direct injection) obtained for reaction of
  • Figure 16 depicts a chromatogram for reacted Phenylalanine and Reb-A, Upper
  • Figure 20 depicts a chromatogram of the reaction Phe+Glucuronic Acid (SIM mode).
  • Figure 21 depicts a chromatogram of the reaction of Phe+Glucose+Glucuronic
  • Figure 23 depicts a chromatogram of the reaction of
  • Figure 24 depicts a chromatogram of unreacted reactants, Glucuronic Acid (SIM mode). Upper Lane Glucuronic Acid, medium lane lower Phe+Glucuronic Acid, lower lane Phe+Glu+Glucuronic Acid.
  • Figure 25 depicts a chromatogram of unreacted reactants Glucuronolactone (SIM mode). Upper Lane Glucuronolactone, medium lane lower Phe+ Glucuronolactone, lower lane Phe+Glu+ Glucuronolactone.
  • Figure 26 depicts a chromatogram of Ala+ SG Fraction No.1-1, upper lane MS-
  • Figure 32 depicts a chromatogram of a sugar degradation product and MS spectrum with corresponding m/z values.
  • Figure 34 depicts the decay of phenylalanine at 120 °C over time.
  • Figure 36 depicts the decay of glucose at 120 °C over time.
  • Figure 37 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of X&P mixture to stevia extract.
  • Figure 38 depicts relationship between the Overall-likeability score to the ratio of X&P mixture to stevia extract.
  • Figure 39 depicts the comparison between the products of EX39-1 and EX39-2.
  • Figure 40 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract.
  • Figure 41 depicts the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract.
  • Figure 42 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of G&P mixture to stevia extract.
  • Figure 43 depicts the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of G&P mixture to stevia extract.
  • Figure 44 depicts the comparison between the products of EX43-3 and EX43-4.
  • Figure 45 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of R&V mixture to stevia extract.
  • Figure 46 depicts the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of R&V mixture to stevia extract.
  • Figure 47 depicts the comparison between the products of EX45-1 and EX45-2.
  • Figure 48 depicts the comparison between the products of EX46-1 and EX46-2.
  • Figure 49 shows active iron-ill reduction of combinations of amino acids
  • Figure 50 shows radical scavenging properties of combinations of amino acids and Reb-A.
  • Figure 51 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine.
  • Figure 52 shows the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine.
  • Figure 53 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to coffee sweetened with sugar, RA60/SG95 or with Flora MRP.
  • Figure 54 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to Red Bull sugar free with thaumatin or thaumatin and Flora MRP.
  • Figure 55 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to Monster Energy drink with thaumatin or thaumatin and Flora MRP.
  • Figure 56 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to Starbucks vanilla
  • Figure 57 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to Starbuck caramel
  • Figure 58 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of phenylalanine to xylose of example 72.
  • Figure 59 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of phenylalanine to xylose of example 72.
  • Figure 60 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and phenylalanine of example 73.
  • Figure 61 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and phenylalanine of example 73.
  • Figure 62 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of proline to rhamnose of example 74.
  • Figure 63 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of proline to rhamnose of example 74.
  • Figure 64 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of proline and rhamnose of example 75.
  • Figure 65 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of proline and rhamnose of example 75.
  • Figure 66 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of alanine to xylose of example 76.
  • Figure 67 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of alanine to xylose of example 76.
  • Figure 68 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of alanine and xylose of example 77.
  • Figure 69 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of alanine and xylose of example 77.
  • Figure 70 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RA of example 88.
  • Figure 71 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RA of example 88.
  • Figure 72 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RA of example 89.
  • Figure 73 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RA of example 89.
  • Figure 74 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RA of example 90.
  • Figure 75 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RA of example 90.
  • Figure 76 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to MRP-FL of example 91.
  • Figure 77 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to MRP-FL of example 91.
  • Figure 78 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to S-MRP-FL of example 92.
  • Figure 79 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to S-MRP-FL of example 92.
  • Figure 80 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to TS-MRP-FL of example 93.
  • Figure 81 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to TS-MRP-FL of example 93.
  • Figure 82 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to MRP-FL of example 94.
  • Figure 83 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RD to MRP-FL of example 94.
  • Figure 84 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to S-MRP-FL of example 95.
  • Figure 85 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RD to S-MRP-FL of example 95.
  • Figure 86 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to TS-MRP-FL of example 96.
  • Figure 87 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RD to TS-MRP-FL of example 96.
  • Figure 88 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to MRP-CA of example 97.
  • Figure 89 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to MRP-CA of example 97.
  • Figure 90 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to S-MRP-CA of example 98.
  • Figure 91 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to S-MRP-CA of example 98.
  • Figure 92 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to TS-MRP-CA of example 99.
  • Figure 93 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to TS-MRP-CA of example 99.
  • Figure 94 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 100.
  • Figure 95 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 100.
  • Figure 96 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 101.
  • Figure 97 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 101.
  • Figure 98 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 102.
  • Figure 99 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 102.
  • Figure 100 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 103.
  • Figure 101 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 103.
  • Figure 102 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 104.
  • Figure 103 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 104.
  • Figure 104 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 105.
  • Figure 105 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 105.
  • Figure 106 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 106.
  • Figure 107 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 106.
  • Figure 108 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 107.
  • Figure 109 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 107.
  • Figure 110 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH toRD+RM (1:9) of example 108.
  • Figure 111 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 108.
  • Figure 112 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RU of example 109.
  • Figure 113 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RU of example 109.
  • Figure 114 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CA to RU of example 110.
  • Figure 115 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CA to RU of example 110.
  • Figure 116 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RU of example 111.
  • Figure 117 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RU of example 111.
  • Figure 118 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-FL of example 112.
  • Figure 119 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-FL of example 112.
  • Figure 120 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-FL of example 113.
  • Figure 121 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-FL of example 113.
  • Figure 122 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-FL of example 114.
  • Figure 123 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-FL of example 114.
  • Figure 124 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CA of example 115.
  • Figure 125 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CA of example 115.
  • Figure 126 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CA of example 116.
  • Figure 127 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CA of example 116.
  • Figure 128 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CA of example 117.
  • Figure 129 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CA of example 117.
  • Figure 130 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to MRP-CH of example 118.
  • Figure 131 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to MRP-CH of example 118.
  • Figure 132 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to S-MRP-CH of example 119.
  • Figure 133 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to S-MRP-CH of example 119.
  • Figure 134 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to TS-MRP-CH of example 120.
  • Figure 135 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to TS-MRP-CH of example 120.
  • Figure 136 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to MRP-CA of example 121.
  • Figure 137 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to MRP-CA of example 121.
  • Figure 138 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to S-MRP-CA of example 122.
  • Figure 139 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to S-MRP-CA of example 122.
  • Figure 140 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to TS-MRP-CA of example 123.
  • Figure 141 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to TS-MRP-CA of example 123.
  • Figure 142 shows the label of Heinz Ketchup Classic.
  • Figure 143 shows the label of Heinz Ketchup 50% reduced sugar & salt.
  • Figure 144a shows TIC of the Stevia.
  • Figure 144b shows TIC of the standard MRPs.
  • Figure 144c shows TIC of the Citrus MRPs.
  • Figure 145a shows the molecular structure of (-)-Limonene.
  • Figure 145b shows the molecular structure of Nerol.
  • Figure 145c shows the molecular structure of Bergamot.
  • Figure 145d shows the molecular structure of Aromadendrene Oxide.
  • Figure 145e shows the molecular structure of b-Calacorene
  • Figure 145f shows the molecular structure of lonone.
  • Figures 146a through 146j shows sensory analysis results for tests in final applications.
  • Figures 147a and 147b show the results of SG-MRPs flavor threshold determination.
  • Figures 148a through 148d show the HPLC chromatograms of the samples as tested.
  • Figures 149a, 149b and 149c show ESI--MS spectra of 3 peaks related to the stevia extract of example 36, sample A and sample B (9.8, 10.8 and 12.3 minutes)
  • Figures 150a, 150b and 50 show UV-VIS spectra of 2 peaks related to the stevia extract from example 36, sample A and sample B (9.8, 10.8 and 12.3 minutes).
  • Figure 156 demonstratese the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-FL.
  • Figure 157 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-FL.
  • Figure 158 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CH.
  • Figure 159 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CH.
  • Figure 160 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CI.
  • Figure 161 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CI.
  • Figure 162 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-FL.
  • Figure 163 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-FL.
  • Figure 164 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CH.
  • Figure 165 demontrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CH.
  • Figure 166 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 167 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 168 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-FL.
  • Figure 169 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-FL.
  • Figure 170 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CH.
  • Figure 171 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CH.
  • Figure 172 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 173 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 174 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CH.
  • Figure 175 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CH.
  • Figure 176 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CA.
  • Figure 177 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CA.
  • Figure 178 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CI.
  • Figure 179 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CI.
  • Figure 180 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CH.
  • Figure 181 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CH.
  • Figure 182 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CA.
  • Figure 183 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CA.
  • Figure 184 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 185 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 186 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CH.
  • Figure 187 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CH.
  • Figure 188 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CA.
  • Figure 189 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CA.
  • Figure 190 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 191 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 192 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RU.
  • Figure 193 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RU.
  • Figure 194 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RU.
  • Figure 195 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RU.
  • Figure 196 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CI to RU.
  • Figure 197 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CI to RU.
  • Figure 198 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RU.
  • Figure 199 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RU.
  • Figure 200 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-FL to RU.
  • Figure 201 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-FL to RU.
  • Figure 202 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CI to RU.
  • Figure 203 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CI to RU.
  • Figure 204 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RU
  • Figure 205 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RU.
  • Figure 206 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RU.
  • Figure 207 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RU.
  • Figure 208 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CI to RU.
  • Figure 209 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CI to RU.
  • Figure 210 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
  • Figure 211 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
  • Figure 212 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time.
  • Figure 213 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (mouth feel).
  • Figure 214 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
  • Figure 215 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
  • Figure 216 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time.
  • Figure 217 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (mouth feel).
  • Figure 218 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
  • Figure 219 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
  • Figure 220 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time.
  • Figure 221 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (mouth feel).
  • Figure 222 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
  • Figure 223 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
  • Figure 224 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time.
  • Figure 225 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (mouth feel).
  • Figure 226 depicts the sweetness, flavor and mouth feel profiles of samples of low fat vanilla yogurt (LFVY) with stevia MRPs.
  • Figure 227 depicts the sweetness, flavor and mouth feel profiles of samples of low fat vanilla yogurt (LFVY) with stevia MRPs and thaumatin.
  • LUVY low fat vanilla yogurt
  • Figure 228 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RA90/RD7+RM (1:9).
  • Figure 229 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RA90/RD7+RM(1:9).
  • Figure 230 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA90/RD7+RM (5:5).
  • Figure 231 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA90/RD7+RM (5:5).
  • Figure 232 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RA90/RD7+RM (9:1).
  • Figure 233 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RA90/RD7+RM (9:1).
  • Figure 234 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (1:9).
  • Figure 235 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (1:9).
  • Figure 236 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (5:5).
  • Figure 237 depicts the elationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (5:5).
  • Figure 238 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (9:1).
  • Figure 239 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (9:1).
  • Figure 240 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA50-FL to RA99.
  • Figure 241 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA50-FL to RA99.
  • Figure 242 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA80-CA to RD+RM (1:3).
  • Figure 243 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA80-CA to RD+RM (1:3).
  • Figure 244 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA95-PC to mogroside V50.
  • Figure 245 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA95-PC to mogroside V50.
  • Figure 246 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA50-FL to aspartame.
  • Figure 247 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA50-FL to aspartame.
  • Figure 248 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA80-CA to sucralose.
  • Figure 249 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA80-CA to sucralose.
  • Figure 250 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA95-PC to Acesulfame potassium.
  • Figure 251 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA95-PC to Acesulfame potassium.
  • Figure 252 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-FL to RM.
  • Figure 253 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-FL to RM.
  • Figure 254 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-CA to sucralose.
  • Figure 255 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-CA to sucralose.
  • Figure 256 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to Advantame.
  • Figure 257 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to Advantame.
  • Figure 258 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to Advantame.
  • Figure 259 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to Advantame.
  • Figure 260 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to Advantame.
  • Figure 261 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to Advantame.
  • Figure 262 depicts the GC/MS spectra of standard MRP-CI.
  • Figure 263 depicts the GC/MS spectra of CSE.
  • Figure 264 depicts the GC/MS spectra of RCSE.
  • Figure 265 depicts the GC/MS spectra of RCSE-MRP-CI.
  • Figure 266 depicts a graphical representation of the time/intensity profile of NHDC and Thumatin and combinations thereof.
  • Figure 267 depicts a graphical representation of sweetness intensity and mouth- feel of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs.
  • Figure 268 depicts a graphical representation of time/intensity profile of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs.
  • Figure 269 depicts a graphical representation of time/intensity profile of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs.
  • Figure 270 depicts a graphical representation of the sweetness intensity, lingering and mouth-feel of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs/EPCalin.
  • Figure 271 depicts a graphical representation of the time/intensity profile of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs/EPCalin.
  • Figure 272 depicts a graphical description of a Summary View of the sweetness time/intensity profile of the stevia-derived MRP samples with thaumatin in place of an amino acid.
  • Figure 273 depicts a graphical description of the sweetness time/intensity profile of the stevia-derived MRP samples with thaumatin in place of an amino acid for selected heating times.
  • Figure 274 depicts a graphical description of the sweetness time/intensity profile of the stevia-derived MRP samples with thaumatin in place of an amino acid for selected heating times.
  • Figure 275 depicts a graphical description of the sensory test results for the flavor (odor) of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/Zo) with increased heating time.
  • Figure 276 depicts a graphical description of the sensory test results for the flavor (odor) of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/Zo) with increased heating times.
  • Figure 277 depicts a graphical description of sensory test results for the taste of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/Zo) with increased heating time.
  • Figure 278 depicts a graphical description of sensory test results for the taste of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/Zo) with increased heating times.
  • Figure 279 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
  • Figure 280 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
  • Figure 281 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
  • Figure 282 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
  • Figure 283 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
  • Figure 284 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
  • Figure 285 depicts a graphical representation of sensory test results for varying ratios of lysine:fructose.
  • Figure 286 depicts a graphical respresntation of sensory test results for varying ratios of SGA (Combination of GSGs and SGs) added to fixed ratio of lysine/fructose.
  • Flavor can be defined as a "complex combination of the olfactory, gustatory and trigeminal sensations perceived during tasting.
  • the flavor can be influenced by tactile, thermal, painful and/or kinaesthetic effects".
  • flavor perception involves a wide range of stimuli, ii) the chemical compounds and food structures that activate the flavor sensors change as food is eaten, iii) the individual modalities interact in a complex way.
  • the Maillard Reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction of reducing sugars and amino acids in the presence of heat which produces flavor. Common flavors produced as a result of the Maillard Reaction include red meat, poultry, coffee, vegetables, bread crust, sweetness and roasted notes.
  • a Maillard reaction relies mainly on sugars and amino acids but it can also contain other ingredients including: autolyzed yeast extracts (AYE), hydrolyzed vegetable proteins (HVP), gelatin (protein source), vegetable extracts (i.e. onion powder), enzyme treated proteins, meat fats or extracts and acids or bases to adjust the pH of the reaction.
  • the reaction can be in an aqueous environment with an adjusted pH at specific temperatures (typically 100°C) for a specified amount of time (typically 15 mins) to produce a variety of flavors.
  • Typical flavors yielded are chicken, pork, beef, caramel, and chocolate.
  • a wide variety of nuances and intensities can be achieved by adjusting the ingredients, the temperature and/or the pH of the reaction.
  • the main advantage of the reaction flavor is that it can produce characteristic meat, burnt, roasted, caramellic, or chocolate profiles desired by the food industry, which are not typically achievable by using compounding of flavor ingredients.
  • Reducing groups can be found on reducing sugars (sugar donors) and amino groups can be found on amino donors such as free amino acids, peptides, and proteins.
  • reducing sugars sucgar donors
  • amino groups can be found on amino donors such as free amino acids, peptides, and proteins.
  • a reactive carbonyl group of a reducing sugar condenses with a free amino group, with a concomitant loss of a water molecule.
  • the resultant N-substituted glycoaldosylamine is not stable.
  • the aldosylamine compound rearranges, through an Amadori rearrangement, to form a ketosamine.
  • Ketosamines that are so-formed may further react through any of the following three pathways: (a) further dehydration to form reductones and dehydroreductones; (b) hydrolytic fission to form short chain products, such as diacetyl, acetol, pyruvaldehyde, and the like, which can, in turn, undergo Strecker degradation with additional amino groups to form aldehydes, and condensation, to form aldols; and (c) loss of water molecules, followed by reaction with additional amino groups and water, followed by condensation and/or polymerization into melanoids.
  • Factors that affect the rate and/or extent of Maillard reactions include among others the temperature, water activity, and pH. The Maillard reaction is enhanced by high temperature, low moisture levels, and alkaline pH.
  • Maillard reaction technology is used by the flavor industry for the production of so-called process or reaction flavors.
  • Process flavors are complex aroma building blocks, which provide similar aroma and taste properties as thermally treated foodstuffs such as cooked meat, chocolate, coffee, caramel, popcorn and bread. Additionally, they can be combined with other flavor ingredients to impart flavor enhancement and/or specific flavor notes in the applications in which they are used.
  • Such technology currently is mainly used for producing meat flavor and spiciness to enhance the taste of food. It is seldom considered as a tool to improve taste for the beverage industry.
  • suitable carbonyl containing reactants include those that comprise a reactive aldehyde (--CHO) or keto (--CO--) group, e.g., a reactant with a free or available carbonyl group, such that the carbonyl group is available to react with an amino group associated with the reactant.
  • the reducing reactant is a reducing sugar, e.g., a sugar that can reduce a test reagent, e.g., can reduce Cu 2+ to Cu + , or can be oxidized by such reagents.
  • Monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (e.g., dextrins, starches, and edible gums) and their hydrolysis products are suitable reducing reactants if they have at least one reducing group that can participate in a Maillard reaction.
  • Reducing sugars include aldoses or ketoses such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, arabinose, xylose, ribose, mannose, erythrose, threose, and galactose.
  • reducing reactants include uronic acids (e.g., glucuronic acid, glucuronolactone, and galacturonic acid, mannuronic acid, iduronic acid) or Maillard reaction intermediates bearing at least one carbonyl group such as aldehydes, ketones, alpha- hydroxycarbonyl or dicarbonyl compounds.
  • uronic acids e.g., glucuronic acid, glucuronolactone, and galacturonic acid, mannuronic acid, iduronic acid
  • Maillard reaction intermediates bearing at least one carbonyl group such as aldehydes, ketones, alpha- hydroxycarbonyl or dicarbonyl compounds.
  • Reducing sugars are derived from various sources.
  • a sugar syrup extracted from a natural source for instance, fruit juice such as grape juice, apple juice etc, vegetable juice such as onion etc. could be used as sugar donor.
  • Such syrup includes any type of juices regardless whether there is any ingredient being isolated from juice, such as purified apple juice with trace amount of malic acid etc.
  • the juice could be in form of liquid, paste or solid.
  • One embodiment of MRPs composition comprises a sugar syrup as a sugar donor, wherein sugar syrup is fruit juice, and or vegetable juice.
  • a reducing sugar can be extracted from a natural source. It could be extracted from stevia, sweet tea, luohanguo, etc. after isolation of high intensity sweetening agents described herein (containing non-reducing sugars) from crude extracts and mixtures thereof.
  • One embodiment comprises one or more reducing-sugar(s) contained in a syrup that is extracted from stevia, sweet tea or monk fruit and other fruits, such as apples, pears, cherries, etc.
  • One embodiment provides a method to produce MRP compositions by including a reducing sugar from a natural source.
  • Natural sugar syrup such as Monk fruit syrup, apple concentrate etc. could be used as sweeteners.
  • An embodiment of composition comprises one or more compounds selected from MRPs, sweetening agent and, thaumatin, and a sweetener, wherein a sweetener is one or more selected from date paste, apple juice concentrate, monk fruit concentrate, sugar beet syrup, pear juice or puree concentrate, apricot juice concentrate.
  • An embodiment of MRPs composition wherein natural fruit, root, berries juices are used as sugar donor.
  • Thickeners such as Gum Arabic can be hydrolysed with an organic acid or by enzyme hydrolysis to produce a mixture containing a rabinose.
  • Arabinose could also be obtained from other wood-based or biomass hydrolysate.
  • xylose syrup from natural sources, such as xylan-rich portion of hemicellulose, Mannose syrup from ivory nut. All these types of syrup could be used as sugar donor in this invention.
  • One embodiment includes these types of syrups as a sugar donor for a Maillard reaction.
  • Stevia glycosides are not regarded as providing sugar donor, however, the inventors surprisingly found that stevia glycosides could react with amine donors directly in some condition, and or stevia glycosides could be degraded to create reducing sugar which could react with amine donors. Therefore, the inventors found substances with glycosides group could be acting as sugar donors to have Maillard reaction with amine donors.
  • BO embodiment of a composition comprises MRPs, where the sugar donor is one or more substance with glycosides group.
  • An embodiment of a composition comprises sweeting agent reacted Maillard substances.
  • the Maillard reaction can be broken down into four stages.
  • the first stage involves the formation of glycosylamines.
  • the second stage involves rearrangement of the glycosylamines to form Amadori and Heyns rearrangement products (often abbreviated in the literature to "ARPs” and “HRPs", respectively).
  • the third stage involves dehydration and or fission of the Amadori and Heyns rearrangement products to furan derivatives, reductones and other carbonyl compounds (which may have significant organoleptic qualities).
  • These "third stage products” may also be produced without the formation of ARP's or HRP's.
  • the fourth stage involves the conversion of these furan derivatives, reductones and other carbonyl compounds into colored and aroma/flavor compounds.
  • products and reactants present in both the third and fourth stage of the Maillard reaction contribute towards aroma and or flavor.
  • One embodiment includes compositions that comprise one or more products from any of these Maillard reaction stages which provide intermediates in the Maillard reaction.
  • Maillard reaction products can be classified into four groups depending on their aroma type, chemical structure, molecular shape and processing parameters. These include, but are not limited to:
  • Cylic enolones of maltol or isomaltol, dehydrofuranones, dehydropyrones, cyclopentenolones are responsible for typically caramel like odors.
  • Maillard reaction products include but are not limited to, for example, pyrazines, pyrroles, alkyl pyridines, acyl pyridines, furanones, furans, oxazoles, melanoidins, and thiophenes. Such MRPs impart flavors such as nutty, fruity, caramel, meaty, or combinations thereof.
  • pyrazines provide cooked, roasted and or toasted flavors.
  • Pyrroles provide cereal-like or nutty flavors.
  • Alkylpyridines provide bitter, burnt or astringent flavors.
  • Acylpyridines provide cracker-like or cereal flavors.
  • Furanones provide sweet, caramel or burnt flavors.
  • Furans provide meaty, burnt, or caramel-like flavors.
  • Oxazoles provide green, nutty or sweet flavors.
  • Thiophenes provide meaty or roasted flavors.
  • compositions herein comprises one or more Maillard reaction products.
  • Exemplary known Maillard reaction products include, but are not limited to, acyclic products including methional, phenylacetylaldehyde, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, (E)-2- ((methylthio)methyl)but-2-enal glyoxal, butanedione, pyruvaldehyde, prop-2-ene-l,l- diylbis(methylsulfane), glyceraldehyde, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, acetoin and glycoladehyde.
  • Exemplary cyclic Maillard reaction product include, but are not limited to, cyclic products including 3,5,6-trimethyhlpyrazin-2(lH)-one, 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2-
  • Exemplary heterocyclic products of Maillard reactions include, but are not limited to, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (5-hydroxymethyl furfural), 3-hydroxy-2- methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 2-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-thiophenone, l-(2, (3-dihydro-lH- pyrrolizin-5-yl)ethan-l-one, l-(3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-4-yl)ethan-l-one, 3,5,6- trimethylpyrazin-2(l H)-one and 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)oxazole.
  • Another known Maillard pyrazine reaction product is 3, 5, 6-trimethylpyrazin- 2(lH)-one.
  • Maillard reaction products are poorly characterized but generally have the following physical properties including: Masses identified from 1 kda to >24 kda; Oligomers of heterocyclic compounds and/or sugar fragments; 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spec and IR have determined presence of pyridines, pyrazines, pyrroles and imidazoles; Oligomers from 14 to >30 identified; and Normally 3-4% nitrogen is present in the molecule.
  • the ingredients for reaction or process flavors can include (a) a protein nitrogen source, (b) a carbonhydrate source, (c) a fat or fatty acid source and (d) other ingredients including herbs and spices; sodium chloride; polysiloxane acids; bases and salts such as PH regulators; water; the salts and acid forms of thiamine, ascorbic, citric, lactic, inosinic acid and guanylic acids; esters or amino acids; inositol; sodium and ammonium sulfides and hydrosulfides; diacetyl and lecithin.
  • the Maillard reactions described herein can be advantageously controlled to have only 1 st or the 2 nd reaction steps in the overall process if necessary.
  • the composition(s) would include the product(s) of the first step or from the second step.
  • Millard reaction is used unconventionally with non-reducing sugars such as sweetening agents disclosed herein, e.g., sweet tea extracts (Rubus Suavissimus S. Lee (Rosaceae) providing, for example rubusoside and suaviosides which are kaurane-type diterpene glycosides including suaviosides B, G, H, I and J), stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extracts), glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated stevia extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, glycyrrhizine, glycosylated glycyrrhizinse or mixtures thereof could undergo a Maillard type reaction to provide MRPs like substances and/or caramelization to provide CRPs
  • compositions include products preparable (or obtainable) by the reaction of an amine with a non-reducing sugar, for example, a steviol glycoside, sweet tea extract(s), glycosylated stevia extracts, etc., noted as sweetening agents herein.
  • the Maillard reaction referred to herein includes Maillard reaction products from conventional reducing sugar sweeteners as well as unconventional non-reducing sweetening agents as described herein. It should be understood that Maillard reaction products can include the reaction products from reducing sugars and/or non-reducing sweetening agents and/or amine(s) and/or components from extracts, syrups, plants, etc. that are the source of the reducing sugar(s) and/or the non-reducing sweetening agent(s). Other ingredients, such as high intensity synthetic sweeteners and/or sweetening agents can be included.
  • the embodiments described herein with the Maillard reaction products either conventional Maillard reaction products or non-conventional Maillard reaction products derived from non-reducing sugars described herein, e.g., sweetening agents including for example, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, mogrosides, glycosylated mogrosides, etc., alone or in combinations, provide the ability to eliminate, decrease or mask undesireable after taste(s), licorice taste, metallic taste and/or bitterness associated with stevia extracts or associated with food or beverage products that have such characteristics.
  • sweetening agents including for example, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, mogrosides, glycosylated mogrosides, etc.
  • Kokumi is Japanese for "rich taste.”
  • Kokumi is a taste sensation best known for the hearty, long finish it provides to a flavor.
  • Kokumi also provides a mouthful punch at initial taste, and lends an overall balance and richness to foods, like umami, kokumi heightens the sensation of other flavors. Therefore, kokumi helps developers respond to consumer demands for healthier products, by allowing a reduction of sodium, sugar, oil, fat or MSG content without sacrificing taste.
  • One embodiment provides a method to produce Kokumi flavor by use of the Maillard reaction products described herein.
  • kokumi is used for flavors that cannot be represented by any of the five basic taste qualities. Kokumi can be classified into four profiles, namely thickness, continuity, mouthfulness and harmony of taste as well as long-lastingness. Compounds with kokumi properties (such as peptides) increase the perception of other tastes, especially saltiness and umami; as such, with the same amount of salt, a food rich in these kokumi compounds will be perceived as saltier and more flavorful.
  • compositions have improved the taste like Kokumi.
  • the compositions provided herein have a mouthful punch at initial quick on site sweet, and overall balance and richness, which make the sweetening agents more sugar-like and overcome the disadvantages of the sweetening agents having slow onset, void, bitterness, lingering, aftertaste etc.
  • caramelization can occur with the compositions disclosed herein. Caramelization may sometimes cause browning in which the Maillard reaction(s) occurs, but the two processes are distinct. They both are promoted by heating, but the Maillard reaction involves amino acids, as discussed above, whereas caramelization is the pyrolysis of certain sugars. Such pyrolyzed materials are referred to caramelization reaction products (CRPs). CRPs are also included within the scope of the present embodiments. Sweetening agents are generally regarded as materials that could not undergo carmelization.
  • the inventors have found that the sweetening agents described herein, such as stevia glycosides, monk fruit, etc., are able to undergo a Maillard like reaction even without a free carbonyl group.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein include the MRP(s) or CRP(s) products.
  • steviol glycosides which are ent-kaurane-type diterpene glycosides
  • stevia extracts such as phytosterols, non- glycosylated sterebins A-N ent-labdanes glycosides, nonsweet steroid glycosides, lupeol esters, pigments, flavonoids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and glycolipids etc.
  • 30 to over 300 compounds have been detected within the essential and volatile oils of S. rebaudiana.
  • These flavors could also either exist in its intact form or react in the process of Maillard reaction and interact with other Maillard reaction products to create new interesting flavors. They could improve the overall taste profile of stevia glycosides and make it more acceptable for consumers.
  • One embodiment includes compositions of stevia derived MRP(s) and/or also the stevia derived MRP(s) and non-steviol glycosides contained within the stevia leaves/extracts. It is possible to have all non-steviol glycosides with stevia glycosides extracted directly from leaves together, it is also possible to blend them after separated extraction or separation, then blend them back together. Meanwhile, the non-stevia glycosides substances could be obtained by fermentation or enzymatic conversion, an embodiment of composition of such products is used for Maillard reaction.
  • Molecules of stevia glycosides include a hydrophobic part (steviol) and a hydrophilic part (sugars such as glucose).
  • stevia glycosides When stevia glycosides are dissolved in solvents such as water, alcohol or mixtures thereof, stevia glycosides can form solvate(s). It is assumed that stevia glycosides can form clusters similar with flavor molecules as they do for water and other solvents. Such structures can stabilize the flavor, especially volatile substances, either in an aqueous solution or in solid form. It has been found that three stevia glycosides share one water molecule in its crystal structure.
  • Stevia glycosides share one flavor molecule which would stabilize the flavor molecule much better than without the presence of the stevia.
  • stevia glycosides improve the solubility of flavor substance.
  • the inventors found Stevia extract and stevia glycosides have attractive forces to hold the flavor, protect the stability of flavor, and hereafter it is referred to as Stevia glycoside flavorate (SGF).
  • SGF Stevia glycoside flavorate
  • One embodiment includes a composition comprising a stevia extract with a flavor.
  • the inventors further developed an extraction process from the stevia plant.
  • the stevia extract derived from the process reserves unique flavors such as citrus (or tangerine) flavor.
  • unique citrus (or tangerine) flavor is originated from one or more flavor substances in the stevia extract.
  • the flavor substances are water soluble, or are a dispersible oil in water solution, or stevia flavorate, and the flavor threshold value could be as low as 10 9 ppb.
  • An embodiment includes a composition of steviol glycoside(s) and flavor substances from stevia extract.
  • one embodiment is a tangerine (or citrus) flavored stevia extract manufactured by processes described in this specification.
  • One embodiment including compositions comprising flavor substances from the stevia plant including leaves, roots, seeds, etc.
  • the inventors also developed a unique process which could reserve the good flavor substances originated from stevia plants in the final stevia extract. These substances can play an important role in Maillard Reaction when stevia extract is involved.
  • the flavor substances in stevia plants comprise but are not limited to alkanes, ketones, acids, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatics, esters, alcohols, aliphatics or amines.
  • the acids comprise acetic acid, Propanoic acid, Pentanoic acid, Hexanoic acid, Trans 2-hexenoic acid, Heptanoic acid, Octanoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, decahydro- 1-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 2,3-dihyd-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid;
  • the alcohols comprise l-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ol, 2-Ethyl-l-dodecanol, (+) spathulenol, l,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahy-l- Naphthalenol; the alde
  • the sweetening agents are not considered reducing sugars. That is, they do not have a free carbonyl group to react with an amine.
  • free carbonyl refers to an aldehyde or a ketone. Carbonyl esters, carbonyl amides or carboxylic acids are not included.
  • sweetening agent(s) that are not reducing sugars.
  • Such non-reducing sugars or non-reducing sweeteners do not have a free carbonyl group as described above.
  • treatment of the sweetening agents disclosed herein e.g., sweet tea extracts (Rubus Suavissimus S.
  • Phenosaceae providing, for example rubusoside and suaviosides which are kaurane-type diterpene glycosides including suaviosides B, G, H, I and J), stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extracts), glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated stevia extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, glycyrrhizine, glycosylated glycyrrhizinse or mixtures thereof could undergo a Maillard type reaction to provide MRPs and/or caramelization to provide CRPs.
  • the resultant MRPs and/or CRPs have a flavor that eliminates or reduces the unwanted bitterness and/or aftertaste and/or metallic taste commonly associated with the unadulterated sweetening agent(s).
  • amine reactant or "amine donor” mean a reactant having a free amino group that is available to react with a reducing reactant in a Maillard reaction.
  • Amine containing reactants include amino acids, peptides (including dipeptides, tripeptides, and oligopeptides), proteins, proteolytic or nonenzymatic digests thereof, and other compounds that react with reducing sugars and similar compounds in a Maillard reaction, such as phospholipids, chitosan, lipids, etc.
  • the amine reactant also provides one or more sulfur-containing groups.
  • Amine reactant groups utilized in the Maillard reaction can include one or more of amino acids, peptides, or proteins.
  • Suitable amino acids include, for example, alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable peptides include, for example, HVP, or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable proteins include, for example, soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten or mixtures thereof.
  • the term "Maillard reaction product” means any compound produced by a Maillard reaction with a reducing sugar and/or a non-reducing sugar, where non-reducing sugars are described herein as “sweetening agent(s)".
  • the Maillard reaction product is a compound that provides flavor ("Maillard flavor”), color (“Maillard color”), or a combination thereof.
  • flavor includes "odor” and "taste.”
  • Maillard flavor composition means a composition comprising a first reducing reactant and/or a sweetening agent, a second amino reactant, and any Maillard reaction products produced by a Maillard reaction between the first and second reactants as well as any degraded products from the reducing reactant(s) and/or sweetening agent(s), the amino reactant(s), any salt(s) present, sweetener(s) or mixtures thereof.
  • top note agents can be added, which are often quite volatile, vaporizing at or below room temperature. These top notes are often what give foods their fresh flavors.
  • Suitable top note agents include but are not limited to, for example, furfuryl mercaptan, methional, nonanal, trans,trans-2,4-decadienal, 2,2'-(dithiodimethylene) difuran, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, pyrazineethanethiol, bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide, methyl furfuryl disulfide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5- dihydroxy-l,4-dithiane, 95%, trithioacetone, 2,3-butanedithiol, methyl 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide, 4-methylnonanoic acid, 4-methyloctanoic acid, or 2-methyl-3-tetrahydro
  • the Maillard reaction conditions and Maillard reaction products can include a pH regulator which can be an acid or a base.
  • Suitable base regulators include, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, baking powder, baking soda any useable food grade base salts including alkaline amino acids.
  • the Maillard reaction can be conducted in the presence of alkalinic amino acids without the need of an additional base where the alkaline amino acid serves as the base itself.
  • the pH of the reaction mixture is maintained at a pH of from about 2 to about 14, from about 7 to about 14, more particularly from about 9 to about 14, even more particularly from about 10 to about 12.
  • the reaction temperature of the Maillard reaction is from about 0°C to about 1000°C, more particularly from about 20°C to about 300°C, even more particularly from about 50°C to about 150°C, from about 10°C toa bout 180°C and in one aspect from about 90°C to about 120°C, e.g., about 100°C.
  • the reaction could be conducted with or without high pressure.
  • the reaction time is generally from a few seconds to about 100 hours, more particularly from about a few minutes to about 5 hours, in certain aspects from about 1 hour to about 3 hours and in other aspects from about 2 hours to about 4 hours. Depending on the desired taste, the reaction can be terminated at any time.
  • the Maillard reaction mixture can contain unreacted reactants, degraded substances from the reactants, pH regulator(s), and/or salt(s).
  • the Maillard reaction mixture and product can further include a salt.
  • the salt can be added during the Maillard reaction or after the reaction is complete.
  • Suitable salts include, for example, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof. Salts may form during the Maillard reaction itself from reactants or degraded reactants and be present in the Maillard reaction product(s).
  • the salt(s) present in the Maillard reaction mixture can be from about 0 percent by weight to about 50 percent by weight or more, more particularly from about 0 percent to about 15 percent by weight, even more particularly from about 0 percent to about 5 percent by weight, e.g., 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3 or 4 percent by weight of the Maillard reaction mixture.
  • the Maillard reaction product(s) and reaction mixture can include a sweetener.
  • the sweetener can be added before, during the Maillard reaction or after the reaction is completed.
  • Suitable sweeteners include non-nutritive sweeteners, such as for example, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMATM allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, saccharin, or mixtures thereof.
  • a sweetener enhancer can be added to the reaction mixture before or during the Maillard reaction or after the reaction is completed.
  • a flavoring other than flavor derived from a Maillard reaction product as described herein, can be added to the compositions described herein before or after a Maillard reaction has been effected.
  • suitable flavorings include, for example, natural flavors, vitamins such as vitamin C, artificial flavors, spices, seasonings, and the like.
  • Exemplary flavor agents include synthetic flavor oils and flavoring aromatics and/or oils, uronic acids (e.g., glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid) or oleoresins, essences, and distillates, and a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
  • Flavor oils include spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate), peppermint oil, Japanese mint oil, clove oil, bay oil, anise oil, eucalyptus oil, thyme oil, cedar leaf oil, oil of nutmeg, allspice, oil of sage, mace, oil of bitter almonds, and cassia oil; useful flavoring agents include artificial, natural and synthetic fruit flavors such as vanilla, and citrus oils including lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, yuzu, sudachi, and fruit essences including apple, pear, peach, grape, raspberry, blackberry, gooseberry, blueberry, strawberry, cherry, plum, prune, raisin, cola, guarana, neroli, pineapple, apricot, banana, melon, apricot, cherry, tropical fruit, mango, mangosteen, pomegranate, papaya, and so forth.
  • useful flavoring agents include artificial, natural and synthetic fruit flavors such as vanilla, and citrus oils including lemon, orange,
  • Additional exemplary flavors imparted by a flavoring agent include a milk flavor, a butter flavor, a cheese flavor, a cream flavor, and a yogurt flavor; a vanilla flavor; tea or coffee flavors, such as a green tea flavor, an oolong tea flavor, a tea flavor, a cocoa flavor, a chocolate flavor, and a coffee flavor; mint flavors, such as a peppermint flavor, a spearmint flavor, and a Japanese mint flavor; spicy flavors, such as an asafetida flavor, an ajowan flavor, an anise flavor, an angelica flavor, a fennel flavor, an allspice flavor, a cinnamon flavor, a chamomile flavor, a mustard flavor, a cardamom flavor, a caraway flavor, a cumin flavor, a clove flavor, a pepper flavor, a coriander flavor, a sassafras flavor, a savory flavor, a Zanthoxyli Fructus flavor, a
  • Suitable sweetener enhancers include, for example, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin or mixtures thereof.
  • improve refers to a perceived advantageous change from the original taste profile in any aspect, such as less bitterness, better sweetness, better sour taste, better aroma, better mouth feel, better flavor, less aftertaste, etc.
  • improve can also refer to a slight change, a change, or a significant change of the original taste profile, etc. which makes the composition more palatable to an individual.
  • Ratios of Maillard Reaction product(s) to sweetener enhancer(s) are thus from 100:1 to 1:100 with all ratios there between, including for example 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1 and including integer values there between, including for example, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 11:1, 12:1, etc.
  • the ratios are from 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90 and including integer values there between, including for example, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:11, 1:12, etc.
  • the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
  • the composition comprises thaumatin, one or more MRPs as prepared by the present embodiments, and optionally a sweetening agent and/or sweetener.
  • the thaumatin is contained in the composition in a range of from 0.01 ppm to 99.9 wt % on the basis of the total weight of the composition, including all specific values in the range and all subranges between any two specific values.
  • the thaumatin is present in the composition in an amount of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of the composition, and in a subrange of 0.5-95 wt%, 1-90 wt%, 5-80 wt%, 10-70 wt%, 20-60 wt% or 30-50 wt% on the basis of the total weight of the composition.
  • the composition comprises from 0.01 ppm to 99.9 wt% of thaumatin, from 0.01 ppm to 99.9 wt% of MRP as prepared by the present embodiments, and optionally 0.1-99.9 wt% of sweetening agent, and optionally 0.1-99.9 wt% of sweetener.
  • the composition comprises from 0.01 ppm to 30 wt% of thaumatin, 0.01 ppm to 50 wt% of MRP as prepared by the present embodiments, and optionally 10-30 wt% of sweetening agent, and optionally 10-30 wt% of sweetener.
  • the composition comprising thaumatin described herein can be added to a food or beverage product.
  • the amount of the thaumatin in the food or beverage product can be from 0.05-20 ppm based on the total weight of the composition and the food or beverage product(s), including any specific value in the range, and all subranges between any two specific values.
  • the specific values may include 0.1 ppm, 0.2 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm; and the subranges may include 0.1-15 ppm, 0.2-10 ppm, 0.5-8 ppm, 1-3 ppm, etc. based on the total weight of the composition and the food or beverage product(s).
  • sweetening agents or sweeteners such as sucralose, acesulfame K, aspartame, sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate or siratose.
  • high intensity sweeteners include, for example, sucralose, acesulfame-K, aspartame, advantame, neotame, sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate or siratose.
  • High-intensity sweeteners are commonly used as sugar substitutes or sugar alternatives because they are many times sweeter than sugar but contribute only a few to no calories when added to foods.
  • High-intensity sweeteners are ingredients used to sweeten and enhance the flavor of foods. Because high-intensity sweeteners are many times sweeter than table sugar (sucrose), smaller amounts of high-intensity sweeteners are needed to achieve the same level of sweetness as sugar in food. People may choose to use high-intensity sweeteners in place of sugar for a number of reasons, including that they do not contribute calories or only contribute a few calories to the diet. High-intensity sweeteners also generally will not raise blood sugar levels.
  • thaumatin refers to thaumatin I, II, III, a, b, c, etc. and/or combinations thereof. Whenever thaumatin is mentioned in this specification, it should be understood to include all type of Katemfe extract, extracts or purified substances from other types of genetically modified plants or enzymatic transferred processes, or fermented processes.
  • a flavor is produced from a Maillard Reaction by using one or more sugar donors, wherein at least one sugar donor is selected from a reducing sugar, such as sucrose, ribose, glucose, fructose, maltose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, D-allose, D-psicose, xylitol, allulose, melezitose, D-tagatose, D-Altrose, D- alditol, L-gulose, L-sorbose, D-talitol, Inulin, stachyose etc., their mixtures, and their derivatives.
  • a reducing sugar such as sucrose, ribose, glucose, fructose, maltose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, D-allose, D-psicose
  • a flavor is produced from a Maillard Reaction by using one or more sugar donors, wherein at least one sugar donor is selected from plant juice/powder, vegetable juice/powder, berries juice/powder, fruit juice/powder. Preferably their concentrate or extract such as bilberry juice, concentrate or extract, enriched in anthocyanins.
  • at least one sugar donor and/or one amine donor is selected from animal source based products, such as meat, oil etc. Meat from any part of an animal, or protein form any part of plant could be used as source of amino donor in this invention.
  • a flavor is produced from a Maillard Reaction by using one or more sugar donors, wherein at least one sugar donor is selected from a product comprising a glycoside.
  • a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond.
  • the sugar group is known as the glycone and the non sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside.
  • the glycone can consist of a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide).
  • glycone could be selected from one or more sugars from glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, lactose, arabinose etc.
  • glycosidic materials include concentrates/extracts selected from bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, cranberry, apple, peach, apricot, mango, etc.
  • a sweetening agent is dissolved with/without a sugar donor, together with amino acid donor in water, followed by heating of the solution at an elevated temperature, for example from about 50 to about 150 degrees centigrade.
  • the reaction time can be varied from more than one second to a few days, more generally a few hours, until MRPs (Maillard Reacted
  • a pH adjuster or pH buffer can be added to regulate the pH of the reaction mixture before, during or after reaction.
  • the pH of the reaction mixture should be from about a pH of about 2 to a pH of about 14, e.g. above a pH of 7.
  • the Maillard reaction is conducted with water as the solvent.
  • the amount of water is sufficient to dissolve the components or provide a heterogeneous mixture.
  • the amount of water to reaction products ratio is from about 100:1 to about 1:100, for example from about 6:1, 1:1 to about 1:4.
  • Ratios for the Maillard reaction components to solvent are thus from 100:1 to 1:100, e.g., 1:99 to 80:20, with all ratios there between, including for example 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1 and including integer values there between, including for example, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 11:1, 12:1, etc.
  • the ratios are from 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90 and including integer values there between, including for example, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:11, 1:12, etc.
  • solvents can be employed alone or along with water.
  • Suitable solvents include, for example, alcohols, such as low molecular weight alcohols, e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butyl glycol, etc.
  • reaction mixture does not need to be neutralized or it can be neutralized.
  • Water and or solvent(s) do not necessarily need to be removed but can be removed by distillation, spray drying or other known methods if the product is desired as a powder or liquid, whatever the case may be.
  • MRPs consist of volatile substances and non-volatile substances. By evaporating the volatile substances, purified non volatile substances could be obtained, such products could be used as flavor modifiers or with the top note of final products. The volatile substances could be used as flavor or flavors enhancers, too. Partial separation of MRPs to remove partial volatile substances, further separation of volatile substances for instance by distillation etc., and non-volatile substances for instance by recrystallization, chromatograph etc.
  • MRPs include a composition including one or more volatile substances, one or more non-volatile substances or mixtures thereof.
  • Non volatile substances in MRPs or isolated from MRPs can provide a good mouth feel, umani and Kukumi taste.
  • Caramelization could occur in the course of Maillard reaction.
  • Exemplary reactions include:
  • One embodiment comprises one or more of these non-volatile substances including remaining sugar donor, remaining amine donor, it could also include caramelized substances such as disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides etc. which are formed by sugar donors, dimer-peptide, tri-peptide, tetra-peptides etc. which are formed by amine donors, glycosylamine and their derivatives such as amadori compounds, heyns compounds, enolisated compounds, sugar fragments, amino acid fragments and non-volatile flavor compounds which are formed by Maillard reaction of sugars and amino acid donors.
  • caramelized substances such as disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides etc. which are formed by sugar donors, dimer-peptide, tri-peptide, tetra-peptides etc. which are formed by amine donors, glycosylamine and their derivatives such as amadori compounds, heyns compounds, enolisated compounds, sugar fragments, amino acid fragments and non-
  • Thickeners such as hydrocolloids or polyols are used in liquid to improve the mouth feel by increasing the viscosity, they are also used in solid base product as filler for low cost sugar products. However, they could create a chalky or a floury taste, and higher viscosities would make a beverage less palatable. Therefore, there is a need to find a solution to reduce the amount of thickeners to be used for food and beverage especially for sugar, fat and salt reduction products. The inventors surprisingly found that adding MRPs could enhance the mouth feel of thickeners and have a synergistic effect without necessarily increasing the viscosity, thus improving the palatability of the food or beverage.
  • An embodiment comprises MRPs (or mixture of MRPs and Sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent and thaumatin) and a thickener, wherein the thickener is selected from one or more hydrocolloids and/or polyols.
  • the composition of the present invention can comprise a Maillard reaction product and at least one of sweetening agent and/or sweeteners.
  • the Maillard reaction product is a direct result of a Maillard reaction without separation or purification.
  • the Maillard reaction product comprises the reaction product of an amine donor and a sugar donor.
  • the sugar donor comprises reducing sugar, sweetener and/or sweetening agent.
  • the sweetener comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMATM allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy- 4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate , or mixtures thereof.
  • sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobios
  • the sweetening agent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
  • the stevia extract comprises one or more stevia extract components.
  • the stevia extract comprises non-steviol glycoside components.
  • the non- stevia glycoside components are volatile substances characterized by citrus flavor.
  • the stevia extract comprises non-volatile type of non-stevia glycosides substances, wherein the non-volatile type of non-stevia glycosides substances comprises one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent-kaurene structure.
  • the stevia extract comprises one or more volatile and non-volatile type of non- stevia glycoside substances.
  • the Maillard reaction comprises volatile substances (comprising pure and impure substances) and non volatile substances (comprising pure and impure substances).
  • the Maillard reaction product includes various isolated products, either partially volatile substances or partially non-volatile substances removed from the direct result of the Maillard reaction.
  • the Maillard reaction product includes water soluble compounds.
  • An embodiment comprises MRPs (or mixture of MRPs and sweetening agent, or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent and thaumatin) and flavor.
  • MRPs or mixture of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
  • a natural antioxidant is disclosed.
  • Thaumatin is a good alternative solution for sugar reduction. However, its lingering taste makes it difficult to be used at higher dosages.
  • compositions comprising MRPs and thaumatin are disclosed, including food or beverages comprising MRPs and thaumatin.
  • Addition, of a sweetening agent, such as stevia, together with MRPs can significantly improve the taste profile of thaumatin, reducing its lingering taste.
  • Thaumatin has synergy with MRPs to reduce the bitterness and/or aftertaste of stevia.
  • compositions can include combinations of one or more MRP(s); or one or more MRP(s) with thaumatin (or one or more sweetener(s)); or one or more MRP(s) with one or more sweetening agent(s); or one or more MRP(s) with one or more sweetening agent(s) and one or more sweeteners, e.g., thaumatin.
  • MRPs also create problems for the food industry. A lot of resources have been expended to prevent Maillard reactions in food proceeding in order to keep the good quality of food. Therefore, there is a need to find methods to produce useful MRPs which the food and beverage industry could benefit from.
  • HAAs 2-Amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4, 5-b)pyridine
  • HAAs 2-Amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4, 5-b)pyridine
  • IARC IARC list of carcinogens.
  • HAAs heterocyclic aromatic amines
  • HAAs can be formed under mild conditions - when glucose, glycine and creatine/creatinine are left at room temperature in a phosphate buffer for 84 days HAA's are formed.
  • HAA's are reported in all kinds of cooked meat and fish products especially those that have been grilled, barbecued or roasted.
  • Traditional restaurant food preparation tends to produce more HAA's than fast food outlets.
  • With chicken, deep fat frying produces the highest levels of HAA's.
  • Increasing mutagenic activity correlates with increased weight loss during cooking.
  • BBQ'd beef additional mutagenic components are present.
  • Acrylamide for example was first identified in 2002 by Margaret Tornquist of Sweden University. She compared the blood samples of Swedish tunnel builders working with a sealant containing acrylamide with those of the general population. The results showed that the general population was regularly exposed to high levels of acrylamide. Rat feeding studies revealed that acrylamide increased the rates of several types of cancer.
  • a food or beverage can include healthy and harmless MRPs.
  • Protein becomes an important healthy factor for foods and beverages.
  • protein's raw egg taste and smell is an obstacle for wide use.
  • Bean protein, whey protein and coconut protein possess characteristic unpleasant tastes after drying.
  • One embodiment pertains to a composition of MRPs (or mixtures of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixtures of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin) and protein(s).
  • proteins (food) and beverages comprising MRPs, or mixtures of MRPs and sweetening agents, or mixtures of MRPs, sweetening agents and thaumatin.
  • compositions comprising fat and MRPs (or mixtures of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin).
  • compositions comprising partially or completed reduced fat foods and beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Reduced salt foods and beverages are in high demand. However, the taste is not very satisfying to most consumers. There is need to find a solution to enhance the salty taste without increasing sodium intake.
  • One embodiment pertains to reduced compositions of salt with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • One embodiment provides salt foods or beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Foods and beverages containing vegetable or vegetable juices, especially garlic, ginger, beet root etc. have their strong characteristic flavors, which sometimes become taste barriers for certain consumers. There is need to find solution to neutralize or harmonize the taste of this type of food or beverage. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions this invention could harmonize the taste of such foods and beverages and make them more consumer-likeable products.
  • One embodiment provides vegetable containing foods and beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Vegetables with a bitter taste such as artichoke, broccoli, radicchio, arugula, brussels sprout, chicory, white asparagus, endive, kale and brassica, dandelion, eggplant and bitter melon are added into foods and beverages providing healthy choices to consumers.
  • a solution to neutralize or mask the bitter taste associated with the vegetables The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions of this invention could harmonize the taste of such foods and beverages and make them more consumer- likeable products.
  • One embodiment pertain to vegetable containing foods and beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Foods and beverages containing juices, juice concentrate, or fruit extract such as cranberry, pomegranate, bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, grapefruit, lime and citrus have a sour and astringent taste.
  • One embodiment contains fruit or fruit juice foods or beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Foods and beverages containing minerals and trace elements can have a metallic taste.
  • One embodiment pertains to mineral enriched foods or beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
  • Vitamin fortified foods and beverages provide challenges to acceptable taste due to bitterness or stale taste associated with Vitamin B series and sour and tingling tastes for Vitamin C.
  • One embodiment is a vitamin fortified food or beverage with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Foods and beverages containing amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine HCI, glutamine, histidine HCI, isoleucine, lysine HCI, methionite, proline, tryptophan and valine have bitter, metallic or an alkaline taste.
  • amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine HCI, glutamine, histidine HCI, isoleucine, lysine HCI, methionite, proline, tryptophan and valine have bitter, metallic or an alkaline taste.
  • amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine HCI, glutamine, histidine HCI, isoleucine, lysine HCI, methionite, proline, tryptophan and valine have bitter, metallic or an alkaline taste.
  • One embodiment pertains to amino acid enriched foods and beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s
  • Foods and beverages containing fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid have a mineral or pungent taste.
  • fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid
  • One embodiment pertains to fatty acid containing foods and beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
  • One embodiment provides an herb or herb extract enriched food or beverage with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
  • Foods and beverages that contain caffeine, tea extract, ginseng juice or ginseng extract, taurine or guarana that function to boost energy, while having an earthy or bitter taste, which requires a solution.
  • the inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions of this invention could significantly mask or reduce the earthy or bitter taste of such foods and beverages.
  • One embodiment provides an energy food or beverage with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
  • compositions of this invention could significantly mask the bitter taste and/or enhance the flavor of such foods and beverages.
  • One embodiment provides a cocoa or coffee containing foods or beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
  • An embodiment provides a tea containing food or beverage with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Alcoholic products such as wine, liquor, whisky etc. have huge variations in taste due to changes in quality of raw materials from year to year. Also there are customers that can not accept the astringent taste etc. of the alcohol, thus, there is a need to find a solution to produce tasty alcohol products.
  • One embodiment of alcohol in products includes MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Sauces such as soy bean sauces, Jams, chocolate, butter, cheese etc.
  • One embodiment provides sauces or fermented products with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
  • low sugar or sugar free beverages such as fruit juices and concentrates for fruit juice, vegetable juice and concentrate for vegetable juice, fruit nectars and concentrates from fruit nectar, vegetable nectar and concentrate from vegetable nectar, tastes flat and watery with an unpleasant aftertaste.
  • One embodiment of low sugar or sugar free beverages include MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Water - based flavored beverages including 'sport', 'energy' or 'electrolyte' beverages and in particular, beverages such as carbonated water-based flavored beverages, non-carbonated water based flavored beverages, concentrates (liquid or solid) for water-based flavored beverages, often taste flat and watery with an unpleasant aftertaste.
  • beverages such as carbonated water-based flavored beverages, non-carbonated water based flavored beverages, concentrates (liquid or solid) for water-based flavored beverages, often taste flat and watery with an unpleasant aftertaste.
  • One embodiment pertains to low sugar or sugar free water-based flavored beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Low sugar or sugar free dairy foods and beverages such as milk and flavored milk, butter milk and flavored butter milk, fermented and renneted milk, flavored fermented and renneted milk, condensed milk and flavored condensed milk, and flavored ice-cream taste flat and watery with an unpleasant aftertaste.
  • One embodiment pertains to low sugar or sugar free dairy products with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • CBD oil for example, is extracted from the stalks, seeds and flower of plants like hemp and has a taste that is commonly described as nutty, earthy or grassy. There is a need to find a solution to make it palatable for eating and smoking. Adding the compositions of this invention to CBD oil could mask the unpleasant taste.
  • One embodiment pertains to of CBD oil with MRPs or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s) or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • Nicotine has a bitter or astringent taste and aroma when inhaled.
  • Popular electronic cigarettes require an improved taste and aroma. Adding the compositions of this invention to nicotine could mask nicotine's unpleasant taste.
  • One embodiment pertains to nicotine contained in a cigarette product, either in solid or liquid form, with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
  • compositions in this invention could be used for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, feed industry etc.
  • Adding the composition in this invention means the compositions of MRPs, MRPs + another additives such as thickener(s), flavor(s), salt(s), fat(s), MRPs + sweetening agent(s), MRPs + sweetening agent(s) + thaumatin.
  • MRPs from Maillard reaction can taste bitter when applied to foods and beverages, especially when the reaction time is long at elevated temperatures or when the MRPs are used at higher dosages. For bitterness-sensitive people, MRPs are bitter at all concentrations in solution.
  • MRPs taste bitter. Thaumatin has slow on-site sweetness. When combing MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and/or thaumatin together, surprisingly, the lingering of stevia and thaumatin are not superimposed or multiplied. Bitterness of stevia and MRPs are not superimposed or multiplied. On the contrary, stevia acts as bridge between MRPs and thaumatin and MRPs act as a bridge to Stevia and thaumatin to create a pleasant integrated taste profile.
  • sweetening derived MRPs could be further blended with a sweetening agent(s), sweetener(s) or other ingredients to obtain acceptable taste and aroma profiles.
  • a flavoring agent(s) in combination with one or more steviol glycosides is provided. It has been found that the steviol glycoside(s) surprisingly protects the flavoring agent. Not to be limited by any theory, there is a surprising protective effect exerted by the stevia material on the flavoring agent(s).
  • the inventors have surprisingly found that the combination of steviol glycoside(s) and flavoring agent(s) result in a composition with minimal smell.
  • a solution e.g., water, alcohol or mixtures thereof
  • the odor of the flavoring is released resulting in a strong smell.
  • the above observations are not meant to be limited to powders.
  • the steviol glycoside(s) and the flavoring agent(s) can be part of a liquid composition, such as a syrup.
  • reaction products of the embodiments described herein can be dissolved at neutral pH.
  • processes of the embodiments described herein are useful for improvement of taste and aroma profile for other natural sweeteners, including but not limited to licorice, thaumatin etc., their mixtures, their mixtures with stevia glycosides, etc.
  • the processes of the embodiments described herein are used for improvement of taste and aroma profile for other synthetic sweeteners, including but not limited to AC-K, aspartame, sodium saccharin, sucralose or their mixtures.
  • the sweetening agent compositions used in the Maillard reactions and Maillard products described herein include sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extract), single components or mixtures of mogroside(s) ("MGs"), steviol glycosides ("SGs”), sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides (“GMGs”), glycosylated steviol glycosides (“GSGs”) and glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, in combination with each other and optionally in combination with a sugar donor.
  • MGs mogroside
  • SGs steviol glycosides
  • GMGs glycosylated mogrosides
  • GSGs glycosylated steviol glycosides
  • GSGs glycosylated steviol glycosides
  • GSGs glycosylated sweet tea glycosides
  • sweet tea extracts such as an SG or an MG, or a GMG and the like
  • MGs mogroside(s)
  • SGs steviol glycosides
  • GMGs glycosylated mogrosides
  • GSGs glycosylated steviol glycosides
  • Extracts from the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii also known as Momordica grosvenori (Swingle), Luo Han Guo or monk fruit etc. provide a family of triterpene- glycosides and are referred to as mogroside(s) ("MGs") throughout the specification.
  • the extracts include, for example, mogroside V, mogroside IV, siamenoside I, and 11-oxomogroside V.
  • Constituents of the mogroside extracts are referred to by the designation "MG” followed by symbol, such as "V”, therefore mogroside V is "MGV”.
  • Siamenoside I would be "SSI”
  • 11- oxomogroside V would be "OGV”.
  • mogroside' is a triterpene-glycoside and is recognized in the art and is intended to include the major and minor constituents of mogroside extracts.
  • monk fruit extracts can contain, for example, a mogroside such as MGV, in an amount of 3% by weight, 5% by weight, 20% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight, 60% by weight or higher but containing other mogrosides or non- mogrosides in the extracts.
  • a mogroside such as MGV
  • other components include other mogrosides such as mogroside II, mogroside IMA, mogroside IIIE, mogroside IVA, mogroside IVE, siamenoside I, and 11-oxomogroside V.
  • some other polysaccharides or flavonoids may be present.
  • the mogroside(s) of interest can be purified before use.
  • Extracts from stevia plants provide steviol glycosides ("SGs") with varying percentages of components, SGs.
  • SGs steviol glycosides
  • RA rebaudioside A
  • RB rebaudioside B
  • RC rebaudioside C
  • RD rebaudioside D
  • RE rebaudioside E
  • RF rebaudioside F
  • RM rebaudioside M
  • RO rebaudioside O
  • RH rebaudioside I
  • Rl rebaudioside L
  • RN rebaudioside K
  • RJ rebaudioside J
  • rubusoside dulcoside A
  • DA dulcoside A
  • steviol glycoside or “SG” refers to a glycoside of steviol, a diterpene compound shown in Formula I.
  • stevia glycosides found in different plants and prepared synthetically, therefore, it should be understood that non-limiting examples of steviol glycosides are shown in Table 2 below.
  • the stevia glycosides for use in the present application are not limited by source or origin.
  • Steviol glycosides may be extracted from stevia leaves, synthesized by enzymatic processes, synthesized by chemical syntheses, or produced by fermentation.
  • Steviol glycosides found in the stevia plant include rebaudioside A (RA), rebaudioside B (RB), rebaudioside D (RD), stevioside, as well as those in Table 2 (below) etc. and the mixtures thereof.
  • the steviol glycoside of interest can be purified before use.
  • rebaudioside A As used herein, the terms "rebaudioside A,” “Reb A,” and “RA” are equivalent terms referring to the same molecule. The same applies to all lettered rebaudiosides.
  • steviol glycoside composition or "SG composition” refers to a composition comprising one or more SGs (steviol glycosides).
  • YYxx refers to a composition, where YY refers to a compound (such as RA) or collection of compounds (e.g., SGs), where "xx" is typically a percent by weight number between 1 and 100 denoting the level of purity of a given compound (such as RA) or collection of compounds, where the weight percentage of YY in the dried product is equal to or greater than xx.
  • RAx refers to a stevia composition containing RA in amount of > x% and ⁇ (x+10)% with the following exceptions:
  • the acronym “RA100” specifically refers to pure RA;
  • the acronym “RA99.5" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >99.5 wt %, but ⁇ 100 wt %;
  • the acronym “RA99” specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >99 wt %, but ⁇ 100 wt %;
  • RA98 specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >98 wt %, but ⁇ 99 wt %;
  • the acronym “RA97” specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >97 wt %, but ⁇ 98 wt %;
  • the acronym “RA95” specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >95 wt %, but ⁇ 97 wt %;
  • a "glycosylated mogroside(s)" refers to a mogroside that is glycosylated at least at one or more positions in addition to those positions glycosylated in native form, obtained, for example, by synthetic manipulation or by enzymatic processes.
  • glycosylated mogroside refers to compounds obtained by transglycosylating swingle extract containing mogrosides, or transglycosylating purified mogrosides so as to add glucose units, for example, one, two, three, four, five or more than five glucose units, to the native mogrosides by glycosyltransferase, preferably, CGTase enzyme (cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase).
  • CGTase enzyme cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
  • the glycosylated mogroside(s), or the glycosylated swingle extract containing glycosylated mogroside(s) comprises short chain compounds obtained by hydrolyzation of glycosylated product and also comprises non-glycosylated ingredients which are the residue of non-reacted mogrosides, or unreacted components other than mogrosides contained in the swingle extract.
  • a suitable procedure to prepare glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs) or glycosylated swingle extract(s) includes i) dissolving dextrin in water (e.g., reverse osmosis), ii) adding the mogrosides or extract to the solubilized dextrin to obtain a mixture, wherein the ratio of dextrin to mogrosides/extract is optimized in a ratio of between 100:1 to 1:100 with suitable ranges including 3:1, 2:1, 1.5:1 and 1:1, iii) adding CGTase enzyme to the mixture followed by incubating the mixture at 60°C for a desired length of reaction time to glycosylate mogrosides with glucose molecules derived from dextrin.
  • reaction mixture After achieving the desired ratio of GMG(s) and residual mogroside(s) contents, the reaction mixture is heated to 90-100°C for 30 minutes to inactivate the CGTase, which is then removed by filtration.
  • amylase can be added to the mixture and the mixture is incubated at 70°C for a desired length of reaction time to shorten the length of glucose chain(s) in the GMG molecules.
  • GMG(s) essentially contains glycosylated mogroside(s), but also contains unreacted mogrosides, dextrin and other non-mogroside substances found in extracts. It should also be understood that the GMG(s) can be purified and/or separated into purified/isolated components.
  • GSG glycosylated steviol glycoside
  • the GSGs are produced by an in vitro enzymatically catalyzed glycosylation process.
  • a “GSG” may also be produced by chemical synthesis.
  • a "glycosylated steviol glycoside(s)" (GSG, GSGs) as referred to herein, pertains to a steviol glycoside that is glycosylated at multiple positions (including partially glycosylated steviol glycosides) obtained, for example, by synthetic manipulation or by enzymatic processes, such as GSG-RA50. It should be understood that GSG(s) essentially contains a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s), but also contains unreacted steviol glycosides, dextrin and other non-steviol glycoside substances found in extracts. It should also be understood that the GSG(s) can be purified and/or separated into purified/isolated components.
  • glycosylated steviol glycosides refers to compounds obtained by enzymatic processes, for example, by transglycosylating stevia extract containing steviol glycosides, or by common known synthetic manipulation.
  • the GSGs comprise glycosylated stevia extract containing glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) and also comprises short chain compounds obtained by hydrolyzation of glycosylated product, as well as non- glycosylated components which are the residue of unreacted steviol glycosides, or unreacted components other than steviol glycosides contained in the stevia extract.
  • the methods and GSGs found in KR10-2008-0085811 are herein incorporated by reference.
  • glycosylated steviol glycoside composition refers to any material comprising one or more GSGs.
  • SG/GSG composition refers to a generic composition that may comprise one or more SGs and/or one or more GSGs.
  • total glycosides refers to the total amount of GSGs and SGs in a composition. In some examples, for convenience om analysis, the toal glycosides are a sum amount of certain specific stevia glycosides.
  • the GSGs used in the present application are prepared as follows: i) dissolving a glucose-donor material in water to form a liquefied glucose-donor material; ii) adding a starting SG composition to liquefied glucose-donor material to obtain a mixture; iii) adding an effective amount of an enzyme to the mixture to form a reaction mixture, wherein the enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucose moieties from the glucose-donor material to SGs in the starting SG composition, and incubating the reaction mixture at a desired temperature for a desired length of reaction time to glycosylate SGs with glucose moieties present in the glucose-donor molecule.
  • the reaction mixture can be heated to a sufficient temperature for a sufficient amount of time to inactivate the enzyme.
  • the enzyme is removed by filtration in lieu of inactivation.
  • the enzyme is removed by filtration following inactivation.
  • the resulting solution comprising GSG, residual SGs and dextrin is decolorized.
  • the resulting solution of GSG, residual SGs and dextrin is dried. In some embodiments, the drying is by spray drying.
  • step (i) comprises the substeps of (a) mixing a glucose-donor material with a desired amount of water to form a suspension, (b) adding a desired amount of enzyme to the suspension and (c) incubate the suspension at a desired temperature for a desired time to form liquefied glucose-donor material.
  • Starch can be a suitable substitute for dextrin(s) and/or dextrin(s) can be obtained by the hydrolysis of starch. It should be understood that different sugars, such as fructose, etc., can be added by using different enzymes.
  • GSG-RAxx refers to a GSG composition prepared in an enzymatically catalyzed glycosylation process with RAxx as the starting SG material. More generally, acronyms of the type “GSG-YYxx” refer to a composition of the present application where YY refers to a compound (such as RA, RB, RC or RD), or a composition (e.g., RA20), or a mixture of compositions (e.g., RA40+RB8). For example, GSG-RA20 refers to the glycosylation products formed from RA20.
  • GX glycosyl groups “G” where "X” is a value from 1 to 20 and refers to the number of glycosyl groups present in the molecule.
  • Stevioside G1 (ST-G1) has one (1) glycosyl group (G), thus “Gl”
  • Stevioside G2 (ST-G2) has two (2) glycosyl groups present
  • Stevioside GS (ST-GS) has three (S) glycosyl groups present
  • Stevioside G4 (ST-G4) has four (4) glycosyl groups present
  • Stevioside G5 (ST-G5) has five (5) glycosyl groups present
  • Stevioside G6 (ST-G6) has six (6) glycosyl groups present
  • Stevioside G7 (ST-G7) has seven (7) groups present
  • Stevioside G8 (ST-G8) has eight (8) glycosyl groups present
  • Stevioside G9 (ST-G9) has nine (
  • Table A provides various GSG groups that are included herein.
  • Table A depicts GSG groups corresponding to parental SGs with glucose ("G"; i.e., 2nd G after hyphen) moieties added thereto.
  • G glucose
  • GSG-1G-2 refers to having one glucose added
  • "2" is the series number in the row of Table A.
  • other types of sugars such as fructose, lactose, etc. could be added to the structure.
  • GSG glucose substitutes
  • R deoxyhexose
  • glycosylated steviol glycosides can be obtained for example, by synthetic manipulation or by enzymatic processes.
  • the GSGs obtained by these methods are not naturally occurring steviol glycosides.
  • the methods and GSGs found in KR10- 2008-0085811 are herein incorporated by reference.
  • Stevioside G1 ST-G1
  • Stevioside G2 ST- G2
  • Stevioside G3 ST-G3
  • Stevioside G4 ST-G4
  • Stevioside G5 ST-G5
  • Stevioside G6 ST-G6
  • Stevioside G7 ST-G7
  • Stevioside G8 ST-G8
  • Stevioside G9 ST-G9
  • Rebaudioside A G1 (RA-G1) Rebaudioside A G2 (RA-G2)
  • Rebaudioside A G3 RA-G3
  • Rebaudioside A G4 R-G4
  • Rebaudioside A G5 R-G5
  • Rebaudioside A G6 R-G6
  • Rebaudioside A G7 R-G7
  • Rebaudioside A G8 R-G8
  • Rebaudioside A G9 R-G9
  • Rebaudioside B G1 RB-G1
  • Rebaudioside B G2 (RB-G2), Rebaudioside B G3 (RB-G3), Rebaudioside B G4 (RB-G4),
  • Rebaudioside B G5 (RB-G5), Rebaudioside B G6 (RB-G6), Rebaudioside B G7 (RB-G7),
  • Rebaudioside B G8 (RB-G8), Rebaudioside B G9 (RB-G9), Rebaudioside C G1 (RC-G1),
  • Rebaudioside C G2 (RC-G2), Rebaudioside C G3 (RC-G3), Rebaudioside C G4 (RC-G4),
  • Rebaudioside C G5 (RC-G5), Rebaudioside C G6 (RC-G6), Rebaudioside C G7 (RC-G7),
  • Rebaudioside C G8 (RC-G8), Rebaudioside C G9 (RC-G9), or any combination thereof can be incorporated into the sweetener compositions of the current invention.
  • the glycosylation process can be modified as to provide partially glycosylated steviol glycosides that can have further unique taste profiles.
  • One embodiment comprises a composition comprising one or more stevia glycosides selected from Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside M, Rebaudioside E, and/or Rebaudioside I as the raw material for glycosylation.
  • One embodiment comprises compositions including any GSGs originated from one or more stevia glycosides selected from Reb D, Reb M, Reb E, and/orReb I.
  • GSGs glycosylated steviol glycosides
  • Other steviol glycosides for example steviol, steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside and dulcoside A can be enzymatically modified to afford their corresponding multiple glycosylated glycosides: Steviol Gl, Steviol G2 Steviol G3, Steviol G4, Steviol G5, Steviol G6, Steviol G7, Steviol G8, Steviol G9, Steviobioside Gl, Steviobioside G2, Stevi
  • Rebaudioside E G9 Rebaudioside F Gl, Rebaudioside F G2, Rebaudioside F G3, Rebaudioside F G4, Rebaudioside F G5, Rebaudioside F G6, Rebaudioside F G7, Rebaudioside F G8,
  • Rebaudioside F G9 Rebaudioside M Gl, Rebaudioside M G2, Rebaudioside M G3, Rebaudioside E G4, Rebaudioside M G5, Rebaudioside M G6, Rebaudioside M G7, Rebaudioside M G8,
  • Rubusoside G5 Rubusoside G6, Rubusoside G7, Rubusoside G8, Rubusoside G9, Dulcoside A Gl, Dulcoside A G2, Dulcoside A G3, Dulcoside A G4, Dulcoside A G5, Dulcoside A G6, Dulcoside A G7, Dulcoside A G8, and Dulcoside A G9.
  • GSG-RA20, GSG-RA30, GSG-RA40, GSG-RA50, GSG-RA60, GSG-RA70, GSG-RA80, GSG-RA90, GSG-RA95, GSG-RA97, GSG-(RA50+RB8), GSG-(RA30+RC15), and GSG-(RA40+RB8) are GSGs which are used to be combined with steviol glycosides, such as RA, RB, RD, etc.
  • GSG-RA20 is typically prepared from RA20 as a key starting material
  • GSG-RA30 is typically prepared from RA30 as a key starting material
  • GSG-RA40 is typically prepared from RA40 as a key starting material
  • GSG-RA50 is typically prepared from RA50 as a key starting material
  • GSG-RA60 is typically prepared from RA60 as a key starting material
  • GSG-RA70 is typically prepared from RA70 as a key starting material
  • GSG-RA80 is prepared from RA80 as the key starting material
  • GSG-RA90 is typically prepared from RA90 as a key starting material
  • GSG- RA95 is typically prepared from RA95 as a key starting material
  • GSG-RA97 is prepared from RA97 as a key starting material.
  • each composition contains varying concentrations of GSGs and steviol glycosides, then each composition may have different taste profiles. It is envisioned that specific ratios of GSGs and steviol glycosides may have unique and beneficial physical and chemical properties that are unknown and have not been previously disclosed.
  • Raw materials in this specification of invention shall consist of one or more of the following:
  • Protein nitrogen containing foods (meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products, cereals, vegetable products, fruits, yeasts) and their extracts. Hydrolysis products of the above, autolyzed yeasts, peptides, amino acids and/or their salts.
  • Ardilla Technologies supply these along with natural crystalline L-xylose, L-arabinose and L-rhamnose.
  • phosphate could be used as catalyst to help the conversion of Amadori compounds to flavor compounds.
  • compositions disclosed herein can be purchased or be made by processes known to those of ordinary skill in the art and combined (e.g., precipitation/co-precipitation, mixing, blending, grounding, mortar and pestle, microemulsion, solvothermal, sonochemical, etc.) or treated as defined by the current invention.
  • any one or more of GSG-RA20, GSG-RA30, GSG-RA40, GSG-RA50, GSG-RA60, GSG- RA70, GSG-RA80, GSG-RA90, GSG-RA95, GSG-RA97, GSG-(RA50+RB8), GSG-(RA30+RC15), and GSG-(RA40+RB8) can be combined with one or more of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside and dulcoside A to provide suitable sweetening agent compositions.
  • a GSG or GSGs such as any one or more of GSG-RA20, GSG-RA30, GSG-RA40, GSG-RA50, GSG-RA60, GSG-RA70, GSG-RA80, GSG-RA90, GSG-RA95, GSG-RA97, GSG-(RA50+RB8), GSG-(RA30+RC15), and GSG-(RA40+RB8) can be included in the compositions described herein at 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt.
  • the one or more steviol glycosides including steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, and dulcoside A, as well as those included in Table 2, are contained in the sweetening agent composition.
  • SG's including steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L
  • the steviol glycosides of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22 % wt/wt, 23 % wt/wt, 24 % wt/wt,
  • the one or more mogrosides are contained in the compositions described herein.
  • the MGs of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, IB % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22
  • the one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides are contained in the composition described herein.
  • the GSGs of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt
  • the one or more glycosylated mogrosides are contained in the compositions described herein.
  • the GMGs of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt/
  • the components can have ratios of from 1:99, 2:98, 3:97, 4:96, 5:95, 6:94, 7:93, 8:92, 9:91,
  • ratios are from 1:99 and vice versa, e.g., a ratio of from 1:99 to 50:50, from 30:70 to 42:58, etc.
  • the different components can be sweeteners, non nutritive sweeteners, individual components of sweeteners, such as RA, RB, RD, RM, etc., components of stevia extracts, components of mogroside extracts, etc.
  • the components can have ratios of from 1:1:98, 1:2:97, 1:3:96, 1:4:95,
  • the different components can be sweeteners, non nutritive sweeteners, individual components of sweeteners, such as RA, RB, RD, RM, etc., components of stevia extracts, components of mogroside extracts, etc.
  • compositions having only two or three different components e.g., SGs, MGs, GSGs, GMGs, non-nutritive sweeteners, etc. herein, and that the exemplary ratios are non-limiting. Rather, the same formula can be followed for establishing ratios of as many different components as are contained within a given composition. As a further example, in a composition that comprises 20 different components described herein, the components can have ratios of from and all possible
  • composition of the present disclosure may have up to and including a combination of all compounds, for example but not limited to, those in Table 2.
  • a "glycosylated sweet tea extract” refers to a sweet tea extract that is glycosylated at least at one or more positions in addition to those positions glycosylated in native form, obtained, for example, by synthetic manipulation or by enzymatic processes.
  • glycosylated sweet tea glycosylate or "glycosylated sweet tea extract containing a glycosylated rubusoside or kaurane-type diterpene glycosides suaviosides B, G, H, I and J" refers to compounds obtained by transglycosylating sweet tea extract containing rubusoside or suaviosides, or transglycosylating purified sweet tea extract so as to add glucose units, for example, one, two, three, four, five or more than five glucose units, to the native rubusoside or suavioside(s) by glycosyltransferase, preferably, CGTase enzyme (cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase).
  • CGTase enzyme cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase
  • the glycosylated sweet tea glycosylates comprises short chain compounds obtained by hydrolyzation of glycosylated product and also comprises non-glycosylated ingredients which are the residue of non-reacted rubusoside or suavioside(s), or unreacted components other than rubusoside or suavioside(s) contained in the sweet tea extract.
  • the one or more rubusoside and or suavioside(s) are contained in the compositions described herein.
  • the rubusoside and or suavioside(s) of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/w
  • the one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides are contained in the composition described herein.
  • the glycosylated sweet tea glycosides of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt
  • the composition of the present application further comprises one or more additional additives.
  • additional additives include, but are not limited to, salts, flavoring agents, minerals, organic acids and inorganic acids, polyols, nucleotides, bitter compounds, astringent compounds, proteins or protein hydrolysates, surfactants, gums and waxes, antioxidants, polymers, fatty acids, vitamins, preservatives, and hydration agents, as further described below
  • composition of the present application can comprise one or more salts.
  • salt refers to salts that retain the desired chemical activity of the compositions of the present application and are safe for human or animal consumption in a generally acceptable range.
  • the one or more salts may be organic or inorganic salts.
  • Nonlimiting examples of salts include sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium sulfate, or any edible salt, for example calcium salts, metal alkali halides, metal alkali carbonates, metal alkali bicarbonates, metal alkali phosphates, metal alkali sulfates, biphosphates, pyrophospates, triphosphates, metaphosphates, and metabisulfates.
  • the one or more salts are salts formed with metal cations such as calcium, bismuth, barium, magnesium, aluminum, copper, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, sodium, potassium, and the like, or with a cation formed from ammonia, N, N- dibenzylethylenediamine, D-glucosamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N- methylglucamine tetraethylammonium, or ethylenediamine.
  • metal cations such as calcium, bismuth, barium, magnesium, aluminum, copper, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, sodium, potassium, and the like
  • metal cations such as calcium, bismuth, barium, magnesium, aluminum, copper, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, sodium, potassium, and the like
  • a cation formed from ammonia N, N- dibenzylethylenediamine, D-glucosamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N- methylgluc
  • the one or more salts are formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4- hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluen
  • non-limiting inorganic salts may be selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium acetate, europium chloride (EuCI 3 ), gadolinium chloride (GdCI 3 ), terbium chloride (TbCI 3 ), magnesium sulfate, alum, magnesium chloride, mono-, di-, tri-basic sodium or potassium salts of phosphoric acid (e.g., inorganic phosphates), salts of hydrochloric acid (e.g., inorganic chlorides), sodium carbonate, sodium bisulfate, and sodium bicarbonate.
  • EuCI 3 europium chloride
  • GdCI 3 gadolinium chloride
  • TbCI 3 terbium chloride
  • magnesium sulfate alum, magnesium chloride, mono-, di-
  • Exemplary organic salts may be selected from the group consisting of choline chloride, alginic acid sodium salt (sodium alginate), glucoheptonic acid sodium salt, gluconic acid sodium salt (sodium gluconate), gluconic acid potassium salt (potassium gluconate), guanidine HCI, glucosamine HCI, amiloride HCI, monosodium glutamate (MSG), adenosine monophosphate salt, magnesium gluconate, potassium tartrate (monohydrate), and sodium tartrate (dihydrate).
  • the salt is a metal or metal alkali halide, a metal or metal alkali carbonate or bicarbonate, or a metal or metal alkali phosphate, bisphosphate, pyrophosphate, triphosphate, metaphosphate, or metabisulfate thereof.
  • the salt is an inorganic salt that comprises sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium.
  • the salt is a sodium salt or a potassium salt.
  • the salt forms can be added to the sweetener compositions in the same amounts as their acid or base forms.
  • Alternative salts include various chloride or sulfate salts, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium sulfate, or any edible salt.
  • the one or more salts comprise one or more salts of steviol glycosides (SG salts) and/or salts of glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSG-salts).
  • the one or more SG salts comprise a salt of RB and/or STB.
  • the one or more salts comprise one or more amino acid salts. In some embodiments, the one or more salts comprise one or more poly-amino acid salts.
  • the one or more salts comprise one or more sugar acid salts.
  • the one or more salts can make up anywhere from about 0.01 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the composition of the present application, specifically about 0.01 wt. %, about 0.02 wt. %, about 0.03 wt. %, about 0.04 wt. %, about 0.05 wt. %, about 0.06 wt. %, about 0.07 wt. %, about 0.08 wt. %, about 0.09 wt. %, 0.1 wt. %, about 0.2 wt. %, about 0.3 wt. %, about 0.4 wt. %, about 0.5 wt. %, about 0.6 wt.
  • wt. % about 0.7 wt. %, about 0.8 wt. %, about 0.9 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, about 3 wt. %, about 4 wt. %, about 5 wt. %, about 6 wt. %, about 7 wt. %, about 8 wt. %, about 9 wt. %, about 10 wt. %, about 11 wt. %, about 12 wt. %, about 13 wt. %, about 14 wt. %, about 15 wt. %, about 16 wt. %, about 17 wt. %, about 18 wt.
  • the salt content in a composition is calculated based on the weight of sodium chloride. More specifically, the salt content (based on weight of NaCI) may be determined by determining the total ash content of a sample according to the general method for determining total ash content as set forth in FAO JECFA MONOGRAPHS, vol. 4, 2007. The weight of sodium chloride is determined from the weight of sodium oxide multiplied by a factor of 1.89. For example, if the total ash content of lOOg the composition of the present application is lg, the composition of the present application has a salt content of 1.89 wt %.
  • a "flavoring agent” or “flavorant” herein refers to a compound or an ingestibly acceptable salt or solvate thereof that induces a flavor or taste in an animal or a human.
  • the flavoring agent can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic.
  • Suitable flavorants and flavoring ingredient additives for use in the compositions of the present application include, but are not limited to, vanillin, vanilla extract, mango extract, cinnamon, citrus, coconut, ginger, viridiflorol, almond, bay, thyme, cedar leaf, nutmeg, allspice, sage, mace, menthol (including menthol without mint), an essential oil, such as an oil produced from a plant or a fruit, such as peppermint oil, spearmint oil, other mint oils, clove oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen, or an oil of almonds; a plant extract, fruit extract or fruit essence from grape skin extract, grape seed extract, apple, banana, watermelon, pear, peach, grape, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot, a flavoring agent comprising a citrus flavor, such as an extract, essence, or oil of lemon, lime, orange, tangerine, grapefruit, citron, kumquat, or combinations thereof.
  • an essential oil such as
  • Non-limiting examples of proprietary flavorants include DohlerTM Natural Flavoring Sweetness Enhancer K14323 (DohlerTM, Darmstadt, Germany), SymriseTM Natural Flavor Mask for Sweeteners 161453 and 164126 (SymriseTM, Holzminden, Germany), Natural AdvantageTM Bitterness Blockers 1, 2, 9 and 10 (Natural AdvantageTM, Freehold, New Jersey, U.S.A.), and SucramaskTM (Creative Research Management, Stockton, California, U.S.A.).
  • the flavoring agent is present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide a final amount of from about 0.1 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
  • Minerals comprise inorganic chemical elements required by living organisms. Minerals are comprised of a broad range of compositions (e.g., elements, simple salts, and complex silicates) and also vary broadly in crystalline structure. They may naturally occur in foods and beverages, may be added as a supplement, or may be consumed or administered separately from foods or beverages.
  • compositions e.g., elements, simple salts, and complex silicates
  • Minerals may be categorized as either bulk minerals, which are required in relatively large amounts, or trace minerals, which are required in relatively small amounts.
  • Bulk minerals generally are required in amounts greater than or equal to about 100 mg per day and trace minerals are those that are required in amounts less than about 100 mg per day.
  • the minerals are chosen from bulk minerals, trace minerals or combinations thereof.
  • bulk minerals include calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, and sulfur.
  • trace minerals include chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, and iodine. Although iodine generally is classified as a trace mineral, it is required in larger quantities than other trace minerals and often is categorized as a bulk mineral.
  • the mineral is a trace mineral, believed to be necessary for human nutrition, non-limiting examples of which include bismuth, boron, lithium, nickel, rubidium, silicon, strontium, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium.
  • the minerals embodied herein may be in any form known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the minerals are in their ionic form, having either a positive or negative charge.
  • sulfur and phosphorous often are found naturally as sulfates, sulfides, and phosphates.
  • the minerals are present in their molecular form.
  • minerals are present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Suitable organic acid additives include any compound which comprises a -COOH moiety, such as, for example, C2-C30 carboxylic acids, substituted hydroxyl C2-C30 carboxylic acids, butyric acid (ethyl esters), substituted butyric acid (ethyl esters), benzoic acid, substituted benzoic acids (e.g., 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), substituted cinnamic acids, hydroxyacids, substituted hydroxybenzoic acids, anisic acid substituted cyclohexyl carboxylic acids, tannic acid, aconitic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, gluconic acid, glucoheptonic acids, adipic acid, hydroxycitric acid, malic acid, fruitaric acid (a blend of malic, fumaric, and tartaric acids), fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, chlorogenic acid, salicy
  • organic acid additives described optionally may be substituted with at least one group chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboxyl, acyl, acyloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl derivatives, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, cyano, sulfo, thiol, imine, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfamyl, carboxalkoxy, carboxamido, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl, phosphino, thioester, thioether, anhydride, oximino, hydrazino, carbamyl, phosphor or phosphonato.
  • the organic acid additive is present in the composition of the present application in anhydride, oximino, hydra
  • Organic acids also include amino acids such as, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, threonine, theanine, cysteine, cystine, alanine, valine, tyrosine, leucine, arabinose, trans-4-hydroxyproline, isoleucine, asparagine, serine, lysine, histidine, ornithine, methionine, carnitine, aminobutyric acid (a-, b-, and/or d-isomers), glutamine, hydroxyproline, taurine, norvaline and sarcosine.
  • amino acids such as, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, threonine, theanine, cysteine, cystine, alanine, valine, tyrosine, leucine, arabinose, trans-4-hydroxyproline, isoleucine, asparagine, serine, ly
  • the amino acid may be in the D- or L-configuration and in the mono-, di-, or tri-form of the same or different amino acids. Additionally, the amino acids may be a-, b-, g- and/or d-isomers if appropriate. Combinations of the foregoing amino acids and their corresponding salts (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium salts or other alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof, or acid salts) also are suitable additives in some embodiments.
  • the amino acids may be natural or synthetic.
  • the amino acids also may be modified.
  • Modified amino acids refers to any amino acid wherein at least one atom has been added, removed, substituted, or combinations thereof (e.g., N-alkyl amino acid, N-acyl amino acid, or N-methyl amino acid).
  • modified amino acids include amino acid derivatives such as trimethyl glycine, N-methyl-glycine, and N-methyl-alanine.
  • modified amino acids encompass both modified and unmodified amino acids.
  • amino acids also encompass both peptides and polypeptides (e.g., dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, and pentapeptides) such as glutathione and L- alanyl-L-glutamine.
  • polypeptides e.g., dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, and pentapeptides
  • Suitable polyamino acid additives include poly-L-aspartic acid, poly-L-lysine (e.g., poly-L-a-lysine or poly-L-s-lysine), poly-L-ornithine (e.g., poly-L-a-ornithine or poly-L-s- ornithine), poly-L-arginine, other polymeric forms of amino acids, and salt forms thereof (e.g., calcium, potassium, sodium, or magnesium salts such as L-glutamic acid mono sodium salt).
  • the poly-amino acid additives also may be in the D- or L-configuration.
  • poly amino acids may be a-, b-, g-, d-, and e-isomers if appropriate.
  • Combinations of the foregoing poly-amino acids and their corresponding salts e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium salts or other alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof or acid salts
  • the poly-amino acids described herein also may comprise co-polymers of different amino acids.
  • the poly-amino acids may be natural or synthetic.
  • poly-amino acids also may be modified, such that at least one atom has been added, removed, substituted, or combinations thereof (e.g., N-alkyl poly-amino acid or N-acyl poly-amino acid).
  • poly-amino acids encompass both modified and unmodified poly-amino acids.
  • modified poly-amino acids include, but are not limited to, poly-amino acids of various molecular weights (MW), such as poly-L-a-lysine with a MW of 1,500, MW of 6,000, MW of 25,200, MW of 63,000, MW of 83,000, or MW of 300,000.
  • the amino acid is present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Suitable inorganic acid additives include, but are not limited to, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, polyphosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof (e.g., inositol hexaphosphate Mg/Ca).
  • the in organic acid is present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm in the final product.
  • polyol refers to a molecule that contains more than one hydroxyl group.
  • a polyol may be a diol, triol, or a tetraol which contains 2, 3, and 4 hydroxyl groups respectively.
  • a polyol also may comprise more than 4 hydroxyl groups, such as a pentaol, hexaol, heptaol, or the like, which comprise 5, 6, or 7 hydroxyl groups, respectively.
  • a polyol also may be a sugar alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, or polyalcohol which is a reduced form of carbohydrate, wherein the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.
  • Non-limiting examples of polyols in some embodiments include maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol, xylitol, isomalt, propylene glycol, glycerol (glycerin), threitol, galactitol, palatinose, reduced isomalto-oligosaccharides, reduced xylo-oligosaccharides, reduced gentio-oligosaccharides, reduced maltose syrup, reduced glucose syrup, and sugar alcohols or any other carbohydrates capable of being reduced which do not adversely affect taste.
  • polyol is present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm in the final product.
  • nucleotide additives include, but are not limited to, inosine monophosphate ("IMP"), guanosine monophosphate (“GMP”), adenosine monophosphate (“AMP”), cytosine monophosphate (CMP), uracil monophosphate (UMP), inosine diphosphate, guanosine diphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, cytosine diphosphate, uracil diphosphate, inosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, cytosine triphosphate, uracil triphosphate, alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof, or combinations thereof.
  • IMP inosine monophosphate
  • GMP guanosine monophosphate
  • AMP adenosine monophosphate
  • CMP cytosine monophosphate
  • UMP uracil monophosphate
  • inosine diphosphate guanosine diphosphate
  • nucleotides described herein also may comprise nucleotide-related additives, such as nucleosides or nucleic acid bases (e.g., guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil).
  • nucleosides or nucleic acid bases e.g., guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil.
  • nucleotide is present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 5 ppm to about 1,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Suitable bitter compound additives include, but are not limited to, caffeine, quinine, urea, bitter orange oil, naringin, quassia, and salts thereof.
  • bitter compounds are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Suitable astringent compound additives include, but are not limited to, tannic acid, europium chloride (EuCI3), gadolinium chloride (GdCI3), terbium chloride (TbCI3), alum, tannic acid, and polyphenols (e.g., tea polyphenols).
  • astringent compound is present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 0.5 ppm to about 5,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Suitable protein or protein hydrolysate additives include, but are not limited to, bovine serum albumin (BSA), whey protein (including fractions or concentrates thereof such as 90% instant whey protein isolate, 34% whey protein, 50%> hydrolyzed whey protein, and 80%> whey protein concentrate), soluble rice protein, soy protein, protein isolates, protein hydrolysates, reaction products of protein hydrolysates, glycoproteins, and/or proteoglycans containing amino acids (e.g., glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, norvaline, methionine, proline, tyrosine, hydroxyproline, and the like), collagen (e.g., gelatin), partially hydrolyzed collagen (e.g., hydrolyzed fish collagen), and collagen hydrolysates (e.g., porcine collagen hydrolysate).
  • BSA
  • proteins or protein hydrolysates are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 50,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Suitable surfactant additives include, but are not limited to, polysorbates (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80), polysorbate 20, polysorbate 60), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate or dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium, sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetylpyridinium chloride (hexadecylpyridinium chloride), hexadecyltnmethylammonium bromide, sodium cholate, carbamoyl, choline chloride, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, lauric arginate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, sodium taurocholate, lecithins, sucrose oleate esters, sucrose stearate esters, sucrose palmitate esters, sucrose laurate esters, and other emuls
  • surfactants are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 20 ppm to about 20,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Gums and mucilages represent a broad array of different branched structures.
  • Guar gum is a galactomannan produced from the ground endosperm of the guar seed. Guar gum is commercially available (e.g., Benefiber by Novartis AG). Other gums, such as gum arabic and pectins, have still different structures. Still other gums include xanthan gum, gellan gum, tara gum, psylium seed husk gum, and locust been gum.
  • Waxes are esters of ethylene glycol and two fatty acids, generally occurring as a hydrophobic liquid that is insoluble in water.
  • gums or waxes are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 100,000 ppm in the final product.
  • antioxidant refers to any substance which inhibits, suppresses, or reduces oxidative damage to cells and biomolecules. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that antioxidants inhibit, suppress, or reduce oxidative damage to cells or biomolecules by stabilizing free radicals before they can cause harmful reactions. As such, antioxidants may prevent or postpone the onset of some degenerative diseases.
  • antioxidants for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, vitamins, vitamin cofactors, minerals, hormones, carotenoids, carotenoid terpenoids, non-carotenoid terpenoids, flavonoids, flavonoid polyphenolics (e.g., bioflavonoids), flavonols, flavones, phenols, polyphenols, esters of phenols, esters of polyphenols, nonflavonoid phenolics, isothiocyanates, or combinations thereof.
  • bioflavonoids bioflavonoids
  • flavonols flavones
  • phenols polyphenols
  • esters of phenols esters of polyphenols
  • nonflavonoid phenolics isothiocyanates
  • the antioxidant is vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, ubiquinone, mineral selenium, manganese, melatonin, a-carotene, b-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeanthin, crypoxanthin, reservatol, eugenol, quercetin, catechin, gossypol, hesperetin, curcumin, ferulic acid, thymol, hydroxytyrosol, tumeric, thyme, olive oil, lipoic acid, glutathinone, gutamine, oxalic acid, tocopherol-derived compounds, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tert-butylhydroquinone, acetic acid, pectin, tocotrienol, tocopherol, coenzyme
  • the antioxidant is a synthetic antioxidant such as butylated hydroxytolune or butylated hydroxyanisole, for example.
  • suitable antioxidants for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, chocolate, spices, herbs, rice, organ meats from livestock, yeast, whole grains, or cereal grains.
  • polyphenols also known as “polyphenolics”
  • polyphenolics are a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group per molecule.
  • a variety of health benefits may be derived from polyphenols, including prevention of cancer, heart disease, and chronic inflammatory disease and improved mental strength and physical strength, for example.
  • Suitable polyphenols for embodiments of this application include catechins, proanthocyanidins, procyanidins, anthocyanins, quercerin, rutin, reservatrol, isoflavones, curcumin, punicalagin, ellagitannin, hesperidin, naringin, citrus flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, other similar materials, or combinations thereof.
  • the antioxidant is a catechin such as, for example, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).
  • EGCG epigallocatechin gallate
  • Suitable sources of catechins for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, green tea, white tea, black tea, oolong tea, chocolate, cocoa, red wine, grape seed, red grape skin, purple grape skin, red grape juice, purple grape juice, berries, pycnogenol, and red apple peel.
  • the antioxidant is chosen from proanthocyanidins, procyanidins or combinations thereof.
  • Suitable sources of proanthocyanidins and procyanidins for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, red grapes, purple grapes, cocoa, chocolate, grape seeds, red wine, cacao beans, cranberry, apple peel, plum, blueberry, black currants, choke berry, green tea, sorghum, cinnamon, barley, red kidney bean, pinto bean, hops, almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachio, pycnogenol, and colorful berries.
  • the antioxidant is an anthocyanin.
  • Suitable sources of anthocyanins for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, red berries, blueberries, bilberry, cranberry, raspberry, cherry, pomegranate, strawberry, elderberry, choke berry, red grape skin, purple grape skin, grape seed, red wine, black currant, red currant, cocoa, plum, apple peel, peach, red pear, red cabbage, red onion, red orange, and blackberries.
  • the antioxidant is chosen from quercetin, rutin or combinations thereof.
  • Suitable sources of quercetin and rutin for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, red apples, onions, kale, bog whortleberry, lingonberrys, chokeberry, cranberry, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, black currant, green tea, black tea, plum, apricot, parsley, leek, broccoli, chili pepper, berry wine, and ginkgo.
  • the antioxidant is reservatrol.
  • Suitable sources of reservatrol for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, red grapes, peanuts, cranberry, blueberry, bilberry, mulberry, Japanese Itadori tea, and red wine.
  • the antioxidant is an isoflavone.
  • Suitable sources of isoflavones for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, soy beans, soy products, legumes, alfalfa sprouts, chickpeas, peanuts, and red clover.
  • the antioxidant is curcumin.
  • Suitable sources of curcumin for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, turmeric and mustard.
  • the antioxidant is chosen from punicalagin, ellagitannin or combinations thereof.
  • Suitable sources of punicalagin and ellagitannin for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, pomegranate, raspberry, strawberry, walnut, and oak-aged red wine.
  • the antioxidant is a citrus flavonoid, such as hesperidin or naringin.
  • Suitable sources of citrus flavonoids, such as hesperidin or naringin, for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, oranges, grapefruits, and citrus juices.
  • the antioxidant is chlorogenic acid.
  • Suitable sources of chlorogenic acid for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, green coffee, yerba mate, red wine, grape seed, red grape skin, purple grape skin, red grape juice, purple grape juice, apple juice, cranberry, pomegranate, blueberry, strawberry, sunflower, Echinacea, pycnogenol, and apple peel.
  • antioxidants are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Suitable polymer additives include, but are not limited to, chitosan, pectin, pectic, pectinic, polyuronic, polygalacturonic acid, starch, food hydrocolloid or crude extracts thereof (e.g., gum acacia Senegal (FibergumTM), gum acacia seyal, carageenan), poly-L-lysine (e.g., poly-L-a-lysine or poly-L- e-lysine), poly-L-ornithine (e.g., poly-L-a-ornithine or poly-L-e- ornithine), polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol methyl ether), polyarginine, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polyethylene imine, alginic acid, sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate, and sodium polyethyleneglycolalginate, sodium hexametaphosphate and
  • a polymer is present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 10,000 ppm in the final product.
  • fatty acid refers to any straight chain monocarboxylic acid and includes saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, long chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acids, short chain fatty acids, fatty acid precursors (including omega-9 fatty acid precursors), and esterified fatty acids.
  • long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid refers to any polyunsaturated carboxylic acid or organic acid with a long aliphatic tail.
  • omega-3 fatty acid refers to any polyunsaturated fatty acid having a first double bond as the third carbon-carbon bond from the terminal methyl end of its carbon chain.
  • the omega-3 fatty acid may comprise a long chain omega-3 fatty acid.
  • omega-6 fatty acid any polyunsaturated fatty acid having a first double bond as the sixth carbon-carbon bond from the terminal methyl end of its carbon chain.
  • Suitable omega-3 fatty acids for use in embodiments of the present application can be produced from algae, fish, animals, plants, or combinations thereof, for example.
  • suitable omega-3 fatty acids include, but are not limited to, linolenic acid, alpha- linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid or combinations thereof.
  • suitable omega-3 fatty acids can be provided in fish oils, (e.g., menhaden oil, tuna oil, salmon oil, bonito oil, and cod oil), microalgae omega-3 oils or combinations thereof.
  • suitable omega-3 fatty acids may be produced from commercially available omega-3 fatty acid oils, such as Microalgae DHA oil (from Martek, Columbia, MD), OmegaPure (from Omega Protein, Houston, TX), Marinol C-38 (from Lipid Nutrition, Channahon, IL), Bonito oil and MEG-3 (from Ocean Nutrition, Dartmouth, NS), Evogel (from Symrise, Holzminden, Germany), Marine Oil, from tuna or salmon (from Arista Wilton, CT), OmegaSource 2000, Marine Oil, from menhaden and Marine Oil, from cod (from OmegaSource, RTP, NC).
  • omega-3 fatty acid oils such as Microalgae DHA oil (from Martek, Columbia, MD), OmegaPure (from Omega Protein, Houston, TX), Marinol C-38 (from Lipid Nutrition, Channahon, IL), Bonito oil and MEG-3 (from Ocean Nutrition, Dartmouth, NS), Evogel (from Symrise, Holzminden, Germany), Marine Oil, from tuna or salmon (
  • Suitable omega-6 fatty acids include, but are not limited to, linoleic acid, gamma- linolenic acid, dihommo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosadienoic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid or combinations thereof.
  • Suitable esterified fatty acids for embodiments of the present application may include, but are not limited to, monoacylgycerols containing omega-3 and/or omega-6 fatty acids, diacylgycerols containing omega-3 and/or omega-6 fatty acids, or triacylgycerols containing omega-3 and/or omega-6 fatty acids or combinations thereof.
  • fatty acids are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 100,000 ppm in the final product.
  • Vitamins are organic compounds that the human body needs in small quantities for normal functioning. The body uses vitamins without breaking them down, unlike other nutrients such as carbohydrates and proteins. To date, thirteen vitamins have been recognized, and one or more can be used in the compositions herein. Suitable vitamins and their alternative chemical names are provided in the accompanying parentheses which follow include, vitamin A (retinol, retinaldehyde), vitamin D (calciferol, cholecalciferol, lumisterol, ergocalciferol, dihydrotachysterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol), vitamin E (tocopherol, tocotrienol), vitamin K (phylloquinone, naphthoquinone), vitamin B1 (thiamin), vitamin B2 (riboflavin, vitamin G), vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid, vitamin PP), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine), vitamin B7 (biot
  • vitamin includes pseudo-vitamins.
  • the vitamin is a fat-soluble vitamin chosen from vitamin A, D, E, K or combinations thereof.
  • the vitamin is a water-soluble vitamin chosen from vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin C or combinations thereof.
  • vitamins are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 10,000 ppm in the final product.
  • the preservative is chosen from antimicrobials, antienzymatics or combinations thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of antimicrobials include sulfites, propionates, benzoates, sorbates, nitrates, nitrites, bacteriocins such as nisin, salts, sugars, acetic acid, dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), ethanol, and ozone.
  • Sulfites include, but are not limited to, sulfur dioxide, sodium bisulfite, and potassium hydrogen sulfite.
  • Propionates include, but are not limited to, propionic acid, calcium propionate, and sodium propionate.
  • Benzoates include, but are not limited to, sodium benzoate and benzoic acid.
  • Sorbates include, but are not limited to, potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, and sorbic acid.
  • Nitrates and nitrites include, but are not limited to, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite.
  • Non-limiting examples of antienzymatics suitable for use as preservatives in particular embodiments of the application include ascorbic acid, citric acid, and metal chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
  • ascorbic acid citric acid
  • metal chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
  • preserves are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 5000 ppm in the final product.
  • Hydration products help the body to replace fluids that are lost through excretion.
  • fluid is lost as sweat in order to regulate body temperature, as urine in order to excrete waste substances, and as water vapor in order to exchange gases in the lungs.
  • Fluid loss can also occur due to a wide range of external causes, non-limiting examples of which include physical activity, exposure to dry air, diarrhea, vomiting, hyperthermia, shock, blood loss, and hypotension.
  • Diseases causing fluid loss include diabetes, cholera, gastroenteritis, shigellosis, and yellow fever.
  • Forms of malnutrition that cause fluid loss include the excessive consumption of alcohol, electrolyte imbalance, fasting, and rapid weight loss.
  • the hydration product is a composition that helps the body replace fluids that are lost during exercise.
  • the hydration product is an electrolyte, non-limiting examples of which include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, bicarbonate, or combinations thereof.
  • Suitable electrolytes for use in some embodiments of this application are also described in U.S. Patent No. 5,681,569, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
  • the electrolytes are obtained from their corresponding water-soluble salts.
  • Non limiting examples of salts for use in some embodiments include chlorides, carbonates, sulfates, acetates, bicarbonates, citrates, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, tartrates, sorbates, citrates, benzoates, or combinations thereof.
  • the electrolytes are provided by juice, fruit extracts, vegetable extracts, tea, or tea extracts.
  • the hydration agent is a flavanol that provides cellular rehydration.
  • Flavanols are a class of natural substances present in plants, and generally comprise a 2-phenylbenzopyrone molecular skeleton attached to one or more chemical moieties.
  • Non-limiting examples of flavanols suitable for use herein include catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin 3-gallate, theaflavin, theaflavin 3 -gallate, theaflavin 3'-gallate, theaflavin 3,3' gallate, thearubigin or combinations thereof.
  • Several common sources of flavanols include tea plants, fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In preferred embodiments, the flavanol is extracted from green tea.
  • the hydration agent is a glycerol solution to enhance exercise endurance.
  • the ingestion of a glycerol containing solution has been shown to provide beneficial physiological effects, such as expanded blood volume, lower heart rate, and lower rectal temperature.
  • hydration agents are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm in the final product.
  • composition of the present application further comprises one or more functional ingredients.
  • additional additives include, but are not limited to, dietary fiber sources, glucosamine, probiotics, prebiotics, weight management agents, osteoporosis management agents, phytoestrogens, phytosterols and combinations thereof.
  • the functional ingredient is at least one dietary fiber source.
  • the at least one dietary fiber source can comprise a single dietary fiber source or a plurality of dietary fiber sources as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein.
  • the at least one dietary fiber source is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
  • polymeric carbohydrates having significantly different structures in both composition and linkages fall within the definition of dietary fiber.
  • Such compounds are well known to those skilled in the art, non-limiting examples of which include non-starch polysaccharides, lignin, cellulose, methylcellulose, the hemicelluloses, b-glucans, pectins, gums, mucilage, waxes, inulins, oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, chitins, and combinations thereof.
  • Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages.
  • Non-starch polysaccharides are bonded with b-linkages, which humans are unable to digest due to a lack of an enzyme to break the b-linkages.
  • digestible starch polysaccharides generally comprise a(l-4) linkages.
  • Lignin is a large, highly branched and cross-linked polymer based on oxygenated phenylpropane units.
  • Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose molecules joined by a b(1-4) linkage, which mammalian amylases are unable to hydrolyze.
  • Methylcellulose is a methyl ester of cellulose that is often used in foodstuffs as a thickener, and emulsifier. It is commercially available (e.g., Citrucel by GlaxoSmithKline, Celevac by Shire Pharmaceuticals).
  • Hemicelluloses are highly branched polymers consisting mainly of glucurono- and 4-O-methylglucuroxylans.
  • b- glucans are mixed-linkage (1-3), (1-4) b-D-glucose polymers found primarily in cereals, such as oats and barley.
  • Pectins such as beta pectin, are a group of polysaccharides composed primarily of D-galacturonic acid, which is methoxylated to variable degrees.
  • Gums and mucilages represent a broad array of different branched structures.
  • Guar gum derived from the ground endosperm of the guar seed, is a galactomannan. Guar gum is commercially available (e.g., Benefiber by Novartis AG). Other gums, such as gum arabic and pectins, have still different structures. Still other gums include xanthan gum, gellan gum, tara gum, psylium seed husk gum, and locust been gum.
  • Waxes are esters of ethylene glycol and two fatty acids, generally occurring as a hydrophobic liquid that is insoluble in water.
  • Inulins comprise naturally occurring oligosaccharides belonging to a class of carbohydrates known as fructans. They generally are comprised of fructose units joined by b(2- 1) glycosidic linkages with a terminal glucose unit. Oligosaccharides are saccharide polymers containing typically three to six component sugars. They are generally found either 0- or N- linked to compatible amino acid side chains in proteins or to lipid molecules. Fructooligosaccharides are oligosaccharides consisting of short chains of fructose molecules.
  • Food sources of dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.
  • Grains providing dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, oats, rye, barley, wheat.
  • Legumes providing fiber include, but are not limited to, peas and beans such as soybeans.
  • Fruits and vegetables providing a source of fiber include, but are not limited to, apples, oranges, pears, bananas, berries, tomatoes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots, potatoes, celery.
  • Plant foods such as bran, nuts, and seeds (such as flax seeds) are also sources of dietary fiber.
  • Parts of plants providing dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, the stems, roots, leaves, seeds, pulp, and skin.
  • dietary fiber generally is derived from plant sources, indigestible animal products such as chitins are also classified as dietary fiber.
  • Chitin is a polysaccharide composed of units of acetylglucosamine joined by b(1-4) linkages, similar to the linkages of cellulose.
  • Sources of dietary fiber often are divided into categories of soluble and insoluble fiber based on their solubility in water. Both soluble and insoluble fibers are found in plant foods to varying degrees depending upon the characteristics of the plant. Although insoluble in water, insoluble fiber has passive hydrophilic properties that help increase bulk, soften stools, and shorten transit time of fecal solids through the intestinal tract.
  • soluble fiber Unlike insoluble fiber, soluble fiber readily dissolves in water. Soluble fiber undergoes active metabolic processing via fermentation in the colon, increasing the colonic microflora and thereby increasing the mass of fecal solids. Fennentation of fibers by colonic bacteria also yields end-products with significant health benefits. For example, fermentation of the food masses produces gases and short-chain fatty acids. Acids produced during fermentation include butyric, acetic, propionic, and valeric acids that have various beneficial properties such as stabilizing blood glucose levels by acting on pancreatic insulin release and providing liver control by glycogen breakdown. In addition, fiber fermentation may reduce atherosclerosis by lowering cholesterol synthesis by the liver and reducing blood levels of LDL and triglycerides.
  • the acids produced during fermentation lower colonic pH, thereby protecting the colon lining from cancer polyp formation.
  • the lower colonic pH also increases mineral absorption, improves the barrier properties of the colonic mucosal layer, and inhibits inflammatory and adhesion irritants. Fermentation of fibers also may benefit the immune system by stimulating production of T-helper cells, antibodies, leukocytes, splenocytes, cytokinins and lymphocytes.
  • the functional ingredient is glucosamine.
  • glucosamine is present in the compositions in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
  • Glucosamine also called chitosamine, is an amino sugar that is believed to be an important precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids.
  • D- glucosamine occurs naturally in the cartilage in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, which is synthesized from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine.
  • glucosamine also is available in other forms, non-limiting examples of which include glucosamine hydrochloride, glucosamine sulfate, N-acetyl-glucosamine, or any other salt forms or combinations thereof.
  • Glucosamine may be obtained by acid hydrolysis of the shells of lobsters, crabs, shrimps, or prawns using methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • glucosamine may be derived from fungal biomass containing chitin, as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0172392.
  • compositions can further comprise chondroitin sulfate.
  • the functional ingredient is chosen from at least one probiotic, prebiotic and combination thereof.
  • the at least one probiotic or prebiotic may be single probiotic or prebiotic or a plurality of probiotics or prebiotics as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein.
  • the at least one probiotic, prebiotic or combination thereof is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
  • Probiotics in accordance with the teachings of this invention, comprise microorganisms that benefit health when consumed in an effective amount. Desirably, probiotics beneficially affect the human body's naturally-occurring gastrointestinal microflora and impart health benefits apart from nutrition. Probiotics may include, without limitation, bacteria, yeasts, and fungi.
  • Prebiotics are compositions that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines.
  • Prebiotic substances can be consumed by a relevant probiotic, or otherwise assist in keeping the relevant probiotic alive or stimulate its growth.
  • prebiotics also beneficially affect the human body's naturally-occurring gastrointestinal microflora and thereby impart health benefits apart from just nutrition.
  • Prebiotic foods enter the colon and serve as substrate for the endogenous bacteria, thereby indirectly providing the host with energy, metabolic substrates, and essential micronutrients. The body's digestion and absorption of prebiotic foods is dependent upon bacterial metabolic activity, which salvages energy for the host from nutrients that escaped digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
  • the probiotic is a beneficial microorganism that beneficially affects the human body's naturally-occurring gastrointestinal microflora and imparts health benefits apart from nutrition.
  • probiotics include, but are not limited to, bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, Streptococci, or combinations thereof, that confer beneficial effects to humans.
  • the at least one probiotic is chosen from the genus Lactobacilli.
  • Lactobacilli i.e., bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, hereinafter "L" have been used for several hundred years as a food preservative and for promoting human health.
  • Non-limiting examples of species of Lactobacilli found in the human intestinal tract include L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. fermentum, L. saliva roes, L brevis, L. leichmannii, L. plantarum, L. cellobiosus, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. GG, L. bulgaricus, and L. thenrmophilus.
  • the probiotic is chosen from the genus Bifidobacteria.
  • Bifidobacteria also are known to exert a beneficial influence on human health by producing short chain fatty acids (e.g., acetic, propionic, and butyric acids), lactic, and formic acids as a result of carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Non-limiting species of Bifidobacteria found in the human gastrointestinal tract include B. angulatum, B. animalis, B. asteroides, B. bifdum, B. bourm, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. choerinum.
  • B. coryneforme B. cuniculi, B.
  • the probiotic is chosen from the genus Streptococcus.
  • Streptococcus thermophilus is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe. It is classified as a lactic acid bacteria and commonly is found in milk and milk products, and is used in the production of yogurt.
  • Other non-limiting probiotic species of this bacteria include Streptococcus saliva rus and Streptococcus cremoris.
  • Probiotics that may be used in accordance with this invention are well-known to those of skill in the art.
  • foodstuffs comprising probiotics include yogurt, sauerkraut, kefir, kimchi, fermented vegetables, and other foodstuffs containing a microbial element that beneficially affects the host animal by improving the intestinal microbalance.
  • Prebiotics include, without limitation, mucopolysaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, nutrient precursors, proteins and combinations thereof.
  • the prebiotic is chosen from dietary fibers, including, without limitation, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. These compounds have the ability to increase the number of probiotics, which leads to the benefits conferred by the probiotics.
  • oligosaccharides that are categorized as prebiotics in accordance with particular embodiments of this invention include fructooligosaccharides, inulins, isomalto-oligosaccharides, lactilol, lactosucrose, lactulose, pyrodextrins, soy oligosaccharides, transgalacto-oligosaccharides, and xylo-oligosaccharides.
  • the prebiotic is an amino acid.
  • a number of known prebiotics break down to provide carbohydrates for probiotics, some probiotics also require amino acids for nourishment.
  • Prebiotics are found naturally in a variety of foods including, without limitation, bananas, berries, asparagus, garlic, wheat, oats, barley (and other whole grains), flaxseed, tomatoes, Jerusalem artichoke, onions and chicory, greens (e.g., dandelion greens, spinach, collard greens, chard, kale, mustard greens, turnip greens), and legumes (e.g., lentils, kidney beans, chickpeas, navy beans, white beans, black beans).
  • the functional ingredient is at least one weight management agent.
  • the at least one weight management agent may be single weight management agent or a plurality of weight management agents as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the at least one weight management agent is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
  • a weight management agent includes an appetite suppressant and/or a thermogenesis agent.
  • appetite suppressant includes an appetite suppressant and/or a thermogenesis agent.
  • appetite suppressant includes an appetite suppressant and/or a thermogenesis agent.
  • appetite suppressant includes an appetite suppressant and/or a thermogenesis agent.
  • appetite suppressant includes an appetite suppressant and/or a thermogenesis agent.
  • appetite suppressant includes an appetite suppressant and/or a thermogenesis agent.
  • appetite suppressant describes macronutrients, herbal extracts, exogenous hormones, anorectics, anorexigenics, pharmaceutical drugs, and combinations thereof, that when delivered in an effective amount, suppress, inhibit, reduce, or otherwise curtail a person's appetite.
  • thermogenesis agent describes macronutrients, herbal extracts, exogenous hormones, anorectics, anorexigenics, pharmaceutical drugs, and combinations thereof, that when delivered in an effective amount, activate or otherwise enhance a person's thermogenesis or metabolism.
  • Suitable weight management agents include macronutrient selected from the group consisting of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fats, and combinations thereof. Consumption of proteins, carbohydrates, and dietary fats stimulates the release of peptides with appetite-suppressing effects. For example, consumption of proteins and dietary fats stimulates the release of the gut hormone cholecytokinin (CCK), while consumption of carbohydrates and dietary fats stimulates release of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).
  • CCK gut hormone cholecytokinin
  • GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide 1
  • Suitable macronutrient weight management agents also include carbohydrates.
  • Carbohydrates generally comprise sugars, starches, cellulose and gums that the body converts into glucose for energy. Carbohydrates often are classified into two categories, digestible carbohydrates (e.g., monosaccharides, disaccharides, and starch) and non-digestible carbohydrates (e.g., dietary fiber). Studies have shown that non-digestible carbohydrates and complex polymeric carbohydrates having reduced absorption and digestibility in the small intestine stimulate physiologic responses that inhibit food intake. Accordingly, the carbohydrates embodied herein desirably comprise non-digestible carbohydrates or carbohydrates with reduced digestibility.
  • Non-limiting examples of such carbohydrates include polydextrose; inulin; monosaccharide-derived polyols such as erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, and sorbitol; disaccharide-derived alcohols such as isomalt, lactitol, and maltitol; and hydrogenated starch hydrolysates.
  • monosaccharide-derived polyols such as erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, and sorbitol
  • disaccharide-derived alcohols such as isomalt, lactitol, and maltitol
  • hydrogenated starch hydrolysates include polydextrose; inulin; monosaccharide-derived polyols such as erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, and sorbitol; disaccharide-derived alcohols such as isomalt, lactitol, and maltito
  • weight management agent is a dietary fat.
  • Dietary fats are lipids comprising combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to have a greater satiating power than mono- unsaturated fatty acids. Accordingly, the dietary fats embodied herein desirably comprise poly unsaturated fatty acids, non-limiting examples of which include triacylglycerols.
  • the weight management agents is an herbal extract. Extracts from numerous types of plants have been identified as possessing appetite suppressant properties. Non-limiting examples of plants whose extracts have appetite suppressant properties include plants of the genus Hoodia, Trichocaulon, Caralluma, Stapelia, Orbea, Asclepias, and Camelia. Other embodiments include extracts derived from Gymnema Sylvestre, Kola Nut, Citrus Aurantium, Yerba Mate, Griffonia Simplicifolia, Guarana, myrrh, guggul Lipid, and black current seed oil.
  • the herbal extracts may be prepared from any type of plant material or plant biomass.
  • plant material and biomass include the stems, roots, leaves, dried powder obtained from the plant material, and sap or dried sap.
  • the herbal extracts generally are prepared by extracting sap from the plant and then spray-drying the sap. Alternatively, solvent extraction procedures may be employed. Following the initial extraction, it may be desirable to further fractionate the initial extract (e.g., by column chromatography) in order to obtain an herbal extract with enhanced activity. Such techniques are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Hoodia, species of which include H. alstonii, H. currorii, H. dregei, H. flava, H. gordonii, H. julatae, H. mossamedensis, H. oficinalis, H. parviflorai, H. pedicellata, H. pilifera, H. ruschii, and H. triebneri.
  • Hoodia plants are stem succulents native to southern Africa.
  • a sterol glycoside of Hoodia, known as P57 is believed to be responsible for the appetite-suppressant effect of the Hoodia species.
  • the herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Caralluma, species of which include C. indica, C. fimbriata, C. attenuate, C. ruberculata, C. edulis, C. adscendens, C. stalagmifera, C. umbellate, C. penicillata, C. russeliana, C. retrospicens, C. Arabica, and C. lasiantha.
  • Carralluma plants belong to the same Subfamily as Hoodia, Asclepiadaceae.
  • Caralluma are small, erect and fleshy plants native to India having medicinal properties, such as appetite suppression, that generally are attributed to glycosides belonging to the pregnane group of glycosides, non-limiting examples of which include caratuberside A, caratuberside B, bouceroside I, bouceroside II, bouceroside III, bouceroside IV, bouceroside V, bouceroside VI, bouceroside VII, bouceroside VIII, bouceroside IX, and bouceroside X.
  • the at least one herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon. Trichocaulon plants are succulents that generally are native to southern Africa, similar to Hoodia, and include the species T. piliferum and T. oficinale.
  • the herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Slapelia or Orbea, species of which include S. gigantean and O. variegate, respectively. Both Stapelia and Orbea plants belong to the same Subfamily as Hoodia, Asclepiadaceae.
  • saponins such as pregnane glycosides, which include stavarosides A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K.
  • the herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Asclepias.
  • Asclepias plants also belong to the Asclepiadaceae family of plants.
  • Non limiting examples of Asclepias plants include A. Incarnate, A. curassayica, A. syriaca, and A. tuberose.
  • the extracts comprise steroidal compounds, such as pregnane glycosides and pregnane aglycone, having appetite suppressant effects.
  • the weight management agent is an exogenous hormone having a weight management effect.
  • hormones include CCK, peptide YY, ghrelin, bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), enterostatin, apolipoprotein A-IV, GLP-1, amylin, somastatin, and leptin.
  • the weight management agent is a pharmaceutical drug.
  • Non-limiting examples include phentenime, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, sibutramine, rimonabant, oxyntomodulin, floxetine hydrochloride, ephedrine, phenethylamine, or other stimulants.
  • the functional ingredient is at least one osteoporosis management agent.
  • the at least one osteoporosis management agent may be single osteoporosis management agent or a plurality of osteoporosis management agent as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein.
  • the at least one osteoporosis management agent is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
  • Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder of compromised bone strength, resulting in an increased risk of bone fracture. Generally, osteoporosis is characterized by reduction of the bone mineral density (BMD), disruption of bone micro-architecture, and changes to the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in the bone.
  • BMD bone mineral density
  • the osteoporosis management agent is at least one calcium source.
  • the calcium source is any compound containing calcium, including salt complexes, solubilized species, and other forms of calcium.
  • Non-limiting examples of calcium sources include amino acid chelated calcium, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium citrate, calcium malate, calcium citrate malate, calcium gluconate, calcium tartrate, calcium lactate, solubilized species thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • the osteoporosis management agent is a magnesium source.
  • the magnesium source is any compound containing magnesium, including salt complexes, solubilized species, and other forms of magnesium.
  • Non-limiting examples of magnesium sources include magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, magnesium gluceptate, magnesium gluconate, magnesium lactate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium picolate, magnesium sulfate, solubilized species thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the magnesium source comprises an amino acid chelated or creatine chelated magnesium.
  • the osteoporosis agent is chosen from vitamins D, C, K, their precursors and/or beta-carotene and combinations thereof.
  • 2005/0106215 and species of the genus Lindera, Artemisia, Acorus, Carthamus, Carum, Cnidium, Curcwna, Cyperus, Juniperus, Prunus, Iris, Cichorium, Dodonaea, Epimedium, Erigonoum, Soya, Mentha, Ocimum, thymus, Tanacetum, Planiago, Spearmint, Bixa, Vitis, Rosemarinus, Rhus, and Anethum, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/00792S2.
  • the functional ingredient is at least one phytoestrogen.
  • the at least one phytoestrogen may be single phytoestrogen or a plurality of phytoestrogens as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the at least one phytoestrogen is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
  • Phytoestrogens are compounds found in plants which can typically be delivered into human bodies by ingestion of the plants or the plant parts having the phytoestrogens.
  • phytoestrogen refers to any substance which, when introduced into a body causes an estrogen-like effect of any degree.
  • a phytoestrogen may bind to estrogen receptors within the body and have a small estrogen-like effect.
  • phytoestrogens examples include, but are not limited to, isoflavones, stilbenes, lignans, resorcyclic acid lactones, coumestans, coumestrol, equol, and combinations thereof.
  • Sources of suitable phytoestrogens include, but are not limited to, whole grains, cereals, fibers, fruits, vegetables, black cohosh, agave root, black currant, black haw, chasteberries, cramp bark, dong quai root, devil's club root, false unicorn root, ginseng root, groundsel herb, licorice, liferoot herb, motherwort herb, peony root, raspberry leaves, rose family plants, sage leaves, sarsaparilla root, saw palmetto berried, wild yam root, yarrow blossoms, legumes, soybeans, soy products (e.g., miso, soy flour, soymilk, soy nuts, soy protein isolate, tempen, or tofu) chick peas, nuts, lentils, seeds, clover, red clover, dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, fenugreek seeds, green tea, hops, red wine, flaxseed, garlic, onions, linseed, bo
  • Isoflavones belong to the group of phytonutrients called polyphenols.
  • polyphenols also known as “polyphenolics”
  • polyphenolics are a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group per molecule.
  • Suitable phytoestrogen isoflavones in accordance with embodiments of this invention include genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin A, formononetin, their respective naturally occurring glycosides and glycoside conjugates, matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, enterolactone, enterodiol, textured vegetable protein, and combinations thereof.
  • Suitable sources of isoflavones for embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, soy beans, soy products, legumes, alfalfa sprouts, chickpeas, peanuts, and red clover.
  • the functional ingredient is at least one phytosterol, phytostanol or combination thereof.
  • the at least one phytosterol, phytostanol or combination thereof is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
  • stanol As used herein, the phrases “stanol”, “plant stanol” and “phytostanol” are synonymous.
  • Plant sterols and stanols are present naturally in small quantities in many fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals, legumes, vegetable oils, bark of the trees and other plant sources. Although people normally consume plant sterols and stanols every day, the amounts consumed are insufficient to have significant cholesterol-lowering effects or other health benefits. Accordingly, it would be desirable to supplement food and beverages with plant sterols and stanols.
  • Sterols are a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3.
  • phytosterols have a double bond within the steroid nucleus, like cholesterol; however, phytosterols also may comprise a substituted sidechain (R) at C-24, such as an ethyl or methyl group, or an additional double bond.
  • R sidechain
  • At least 44 naturally-occurring phytosterols have been discovered, and generally are derived from plants, such as corn, soy, wheat, and wood oils; however, they also may be produced synthetically to form compositions identical to those in nature or having properties similar to those of naturally-occurring phytosterols.
  • phytosterols well known to those or ordinary skill in the art include 4-desmethylsterols (e.g., b-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, 22- dehydro bra ssica sterol, and A5-avenasterol), 4-monomethyl sterols, and 4, 4-dimethyl sterols (triterpene alcohols) (e.g., cycloartol, 24-methylenecycloartanol, and cyclobranol).
  • 4-desmethylsterols e.g., b-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, 22- dehydro bra ssica sterol, and A5-avenasterol
  • 4-monomethyl sterols e.g., 4-monomethyl sterols
  • 4-dimethyl sterols triterpene alcohols
  • stanol As used herein, the phrases “stanol”, “plant stanol” and “phytostanol” are synonymous.
  • Phytostanols are saturated sterol alcohols present in only trace amounts in nature and also may be synthetically produced, such as by hydrogenation of phytosterols.
  • non-limiting examples of phytostanols include b- sitostanol, campestanol, cycloartanol, and saturated forms of other triterpene alcohols.
  • Both phytosterols and phytostanols include the various isomers such as the a and b isomers (e.g., a-sitosterol and b-sitostanol, which comprise one of the most effective phytosterols and phytostanols, respectively, for lowering serum cholesterol in mammals).
  • a and b isomers e.g., a-sitosterol and b-sitostanol, which comprise one of the most effective phytosterols and phytostanols, respectively, for lowering serum cholesterol in mammals.
  • the phytosterols and phytostanols of the present invention also may be in their ester form. Suitable methods for deriving the esters of phytosterols and phytostanols are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,589,588, 6,635,774, 6,800,317, and U.S. Patent Publication Number 2003/0045473, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • suitable phytosterol and phytostanol esters include sitosterol acetate, sitosterol oleate, stigmasterol oleate, and their corresponding phytostanol esters.
  • the phytosterols and phytostanols of the present invention also may include their derivatives.
  • the amount of functional ingredient in the composition varies widely depending on the particular composition and the desired functional ingredient. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily ascertain the appropriate amount of functional ingredient for each composition.
  • compositions of the present embodiments are a consumable comprising a MRP(s) (or components thereof), a sweetening agent(s), sweetening extract(s), a sweetener(s), or one or more additives disclosed herein.
  • the MRP(s) and combinations of sweetening agent(s), etc. and/or additives, or a composition comprising the same can be incorporated in any known edible or oral composition (referred to herein as a "consumable"), such as, for example, pharmaceutical compositions, edible gel mixes and compositions, dental compositions, foodstuffs (confections, condiments, chewing gum, cereal compositions baked goods dairy products, and tabletop sweetener compositions) beverages and beverage products.
  • a consumer any known edible or oral composition
  • pharmaceutical compositions such as, for example, pharmaceutical compositions, edible gel mixes and compositions, dental compositions, foodstuffs (confections, condiments, chewing gum, cereal compositions baked goods dairy products, and tabletop sweetener compositions) beverages and beverage products.
  • Consumables mean substances which are contacted with the mouth of man or animal, including substances which are taken into and subsequently ejected from the mouth and substances which are drunk, eaten, swallowed or otherwise ingested, and are safe for human or animal consumption when used in a generally acceptable range.
  • Another aspect of the present application relates to an orally consumable composition comprising a composition of the present application.
  • the composition of the present application can be added to the consumable composition to provide a sweetened consumable composition or a flavored consumable composition.
  • Orally consumable composition refers to substances which are contacted with the mouth of man or animal, including substances which are taken into and subsequently ejected from the mouth and substances which are drunk, eaten, swallowed or otherwise ingested, and are safe for human or animal consumption when used in a generally acceptable range.
  • Exemplary orally consumable compositions include, but are not limited to, confections, condiments, chewing compositions, cereal composition, tabletop sweeteners, beverages and beverage products, medicinal compositions, smoking compositions, and oral hygiene compositions. Consumables can be sweetened or unsweetened.
  • Orally consumable compositions consumable can optionally include additives, sweeteners, functional ingredients or combinations thereof, as described herein. Any of the additive, sweeteners and other ingredients described above can be present in the orally consumable compositions.
  • Consumables employing the compositions of the present application are also suitable for use in processed agricultural products, livestock products or seafood; processed meat products such as sausage and the like; retort food products, pickles, preserves boiled in soy sauce, delicacies, side dishes; soups; snacks, such as potato chips, cookies, or the like; as shredded filler, leaf, stem, stalk, homogenized leaf cured and animal feed.
  • the orally consumable composition comprising the composition of the present application is a confection.
  • confection can mean a sweet, a lollipop, a confectionery, or similar term.
  • the confection generally contains a base composition component and a sweetener component.
  • a "base composition” refers to any composition which can be a food item and provides a matrix for carrying the sweetener component.
  • the composition of the present application comprising the same can serve as the sweetener component.
  • the confection may be in the form of any food that is typically perceived to be rich in sugar or is typically sweet.
  • the confections may be bakery products such as pastries; desserts such as yogurt, jellies, drinkable jellies, puddings, Bavarian cream, blancmange, cakes, brownies, mousse and the like, sweetened food products eaten at tea time or following meals; frozen foods; cold confections, e.g., types of ice cream such as ice cream, ice milk, lacto-ice and the like (food products in which sweeteners and various other types of raw materials are added to milk products, and the resulting mixture is agitated and frozen), and ice confections such as sherbets, dessert ices and the like (food products in which various other types of raw materials are added to a sugary liquid, and the resulting mixture is agitated and frozen); general confections, e.g., baked confections or steamed confections such as crackers, biscuits, buns with bean-jam filling, halvah, alfajor, and the like; rice cakes and snacks; table top products
  • compositions which comprise a substantially water-insoluble, chewable gum base such as chicle or substitutes thereof, including jetulong, guttakay rubber or certain comestible natural synthetic resins or waxes), hard candy, soft candy, mints, nougat candy, jelly beans, fudge, toffee, taffy, Swiss milk tablet, licorice candy, chocolates, gelatin candies, marshmallow, marzipan, divinity, cotton candy, and the like; sauces including fruit flavored sauces, chocolate sauces and the like; edible gels; cremes including butter cremes, flour pastes, whipped cream and the like; jams including strawberry jam, marmalade and the like; and breads including sweet breads and the like or other starch products, or combinations thereof.
  • Suitable base compositions for embodiments of this application may include flour, yeast, water, salt, butter, eggs, milk, milk powder, liquor, gelatin, nuts, chocolate, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, natural flavors, artificial flavors, colorings, polyols, sorbitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, malic acid, magnesium stearate, lecithin, hydrogenated glucose syrup, glycerine, natural or synthetic gum, starch, and the like, or combinations thereof.
  • Such components generally are recognized as safe (GRAS) and/or are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved.
  • the base composition is present in the confection in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 99 weight percent of the confection.
  • the base composition of the confection may optionally include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, or combinations thereof.
  • Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds.
  • Non-limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (e.g., sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol, and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose, or mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of bulk sweetener present in the confection ranges widely depending on the particular embodiment of the confection and the desired degree of sweetness. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily ascertain the appropriate amount of bulk sweetener.
  • the consumable comprising a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same is a condiment.
  • Condiments, as used herein, are compositions used to enhance or improve the flavor of a food or beverage.
  • Non-limiting examples of condiments include ketchup (catsup); mustard; barbecue sauce; butter; chili sauce; chutney; cocktail sauce; curry; dips; fish sauce; horseradish; hot sauce; jellies, jams, marmalades, or preserves; mayonnaise; peanut butter; relish; remoulade; salad dressings (e.g., oil and vinegar, Caesar, French, ranch, noted cheese, Russian, Thousand Island, Italian, and balsamic vinaigrette), salsa; sauerkraut; soy sauce; steak sauce; syrups; tartar sauce; and Worcestershire sauce.
  • salad dressings e.g., oil and vinegar, Caesar, French, ranch, noted cheese, Russian, Thousand Island, Italian, and balsamic vinaigrette
  • Condiment bases generally comprise a mixture of different ingredients, non limiting examples of which include vehicles (e.g., water and vinegar); spices or seasonings (e.g., salt, pepper, garlic, mustard seed, onion, paprika, turmeric, or combinations thereof); fruits, vegetables, or their products (e.g., tomatoes or tomato-based products (paste, puree), fruit juices, fruit juice peels, or combinations thereof); oils or oil emulsions, particularly vegetable oils; thickeners (e.g., xanthan gum, food starch, other hydrocolloids, or combinations thereof); and emulsifying agents (e.g., egg yolk solids, protein, gum arabic, carob bean gum, guar gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, carageenan, pectin, propylene glycol esters of alginic acid, sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose, polysorbates, or combinations thereof).
  • Recipes for condiment bases and methods of making condiment bases are well known to those of ordinary
  • condiments also comprise caloric sweeteners, such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, molasses, honey, or brown sugar.
  • caloric sweeteners such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, molasses, honey, or brown sugar.
  • the composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same is used instead of traditional caloric sweeteners.
  • a condiment composition desirably comprises a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same and a condiment base.
  • the condiment composition optionally may include other natural and/or synthetic high-potency sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, pH modifying agents (e.g., lactic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, or combinations thereof), fillers, functional agents (e.g., pharmaceutical agents, nutrients, or components of a food or plant), flavorings, colorings, or combinations thereof.
  • pH modifying agents e.g., lactic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, or combinations thereof
  • fillers e.g., lactic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, or combinations thereof
  • functional agents e.g., pharmaceutical agents, nutrients, or components of a food or plant
  • the consumable comprising the steviol composition of the present application is a chewing composition.
  • the term "chewing compositions" include chewing gum compositions, chewing tobacco, smokeless tobacco, snuff, chewing gum and other compositions which are masticated and subsequently expectorated.
  • Chewing gum compositions generally comprise a water-soluble portion and a water-insoluble chewable gum base portion.
  • the water soluble portion which typically includes a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same, dissipates with a portion of the flavoring agent over a period of time during chewing while the insoluble gum base portion is retained in the mouth.
  • the insoluble gum base generally determines whether a gum is considered chewing gum, bubble gum, or a functional gum.
  • the insoluble gum base which is generally present in the chewing gum composition in an amount in the range of about 15 to about 35 weight percent of the chewing gum composition, generally comprises combinations of elastomers, softeners (plasticizers), emulsifiers, resins, and fillers. Such components generally are considered food grade, recognized as safe (GRA), and/or are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved.
  • GAA food grade, recognized as safe
  • FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  • Elastomers the primary component of the gum base, provide the rubbery, cohesive nature to gums and can include one or more natural rubbers (e.g., smoked latex, liquid latex, or guayule); natural gums (e.g., jelutong, perillo, sorva, massaranduba balata, massaranduba chocolate, nispero, rosindinha, chicle, and gutta hang kang); or synthetic elastomers (e.g., butadiene-styrene copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and vinyl polymeric elastomers).
  • the elastomer is present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 3 to about 50 weight percent of the gum base.
  • Resins are used to vary the firmness of the gum base and aid in softening the elastomer component of the gum base.
  • suitable resins include a rosin ester, a terpene resin (e.g., a terpene resin from a-pinene, b-pinene and/or D-limonene), polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl acetate, and vinyl acetate-vinyl laurate copolymers.
  • Non-limiting examples of rosin esters include a glycerol ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin, a glycerol ester of a polymerized rosin, a glycerol ester of a partially dimerized rosin, a glycerol ester of rosin, a pentaerythritol ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin, a methyl ester of rosin, or a methyl ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin.
  • the resin is present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 5 to about 75 weight percent of the gum base.
  • Softeners which also are known as plasticizers, are used to modify the ease of chewing and/or mouth feel of the chewing gum composition.
  • softeners comprise oils, fats, waxes, and emulsifiers.
  • oils and fats include tallow, hydrogenated tallow, large, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, canola, cottonseed, sunflower, palm, coconut, corn, safflower, or palm kernel oils), cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, glycerol abietate, lecithin, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides acetylated monoglycerides, and free fatty acids.
  • vegetable oils e.g., soybean, canola, cottonseed, sunflower, palm, coconut, corn, safflower, or palm kernel oils
  • cocoa butter glycerol monostearate
  • glycerol triacetate
  • Non-limiting examples of waxes include polypropylene/polyethylene/Fisher-Tropsch waxes, paraffin, and microcrystalline and natural waxes (e.g., candelilla, beeswax and carnauba). Microcrystalline waxes, especially those with a high degree of crystallinity and a high melting point, also may be considered as bodying agents or textural modifiers.
  • the softeners are present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 0.5 to about 25 weight percent of the gum base.
  • Emulsifiers are used to form a uniform dispersion of the insoluble and soluble phases of the chewing gum composition and also have plasticizing properties.
  • Suitable emulsifiers include glycerol monostearate (GMS), lecithin (phosphatidyl choline), polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid (PPGR), mono and diglycerides of fatty acids, glycerol distearate, tracetin, acetylated monoglyceride, glycerol triacetate, and magnesium stearate.
  • the emulsifiers are present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 2 to about 30 weight percent of the gum base.
  • the chewing gum composition also may comprise adjuvants or fillers in either the gum base and/or the soluble portion of the chewing gum composition.
  • Suitable adjuvants and fillers include lecithin, inulin, polydextrin, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate, ground limestone, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, talc, clay, alumina, titanium dioxide, and calcium phosphate.
  • lecithin can be used as an inert filler to decrease the stickiness of the chewing gum composition.
  • lactic acid copolymers, proteins (e.g., gluten and/or zein) and/or guar can be used to create a gum that is more readily biodegradable.
  • the adjuvants or fillers are generally present in the gum base in an amount up to about 20 weight percent of the gum base.
  • Other optional ingredients include coloring agents, whiteners, preservatives, and flavors.
  • the gum base comprises about 5 to about 95 weight percent of the chewing gum composition, more desirably about 15 to about 50 weight percent of the chewing gum composition, and even more desirably from about 20 to about 30 weight percent of the chewing gum composition.
  • the soluble portion of the chewing gum composition may optionally include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, softeners, emulsifiers, flavoring agents, coloring agents, adjuvants, fillers, functional agents (e.g., pharmaceutical agents or nutrients), or combinations thereof. Suitable examples of softeners and emulsifiers are described above.
  • Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds.
  • Non-limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (e.g., sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol, and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose, or mixtures thereof.
  • the bulk sweetener is present in the chewing gum composition in an amount in the range of about 1 to about 75 weight percent of the chewing gum composition.
  • Flavoring agents may be used in either the insoluble gum base or soluble portion of the chewing gum composition. Such flavoring agents may be natural or artificial flavors.
  • the flavoring agent comprises an essential oil, such as an oil produced from a plant or a fruit, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, other mint oils, clove oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen, bay, thyme, cedar leaf, nutmeg, allspice, sage, mace, and almonds.
  • the flavoring agent comprises a plant extract or a fruit essence such as apple, banana, watermelon, pear, peach, grape, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot, or mixtures thereof.
  • the flavoring agent comprises a citrus flavor, such as an extract, essence, or oil of lemon, lime, orange, tangerine, grapefruit, citron, or kumquat.
  • a chewing gum composition comprises a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same and a gum base.
  • the consumable comprising the steviol composition of the present application is a cereal composition.
  • Cereal compositions typically are eaten either as staple foods or as snacks.
  • Non-limiting examples of cereal compositions for use in some embodiments include ready-to-eat cereals as well as hot cereals.
  • Ready-to-eat cereals are cereals which may be eaten without further processing (i.e., cooking) by the consumer. Examples of ready-to-eat cereals include breakfast cereals and snack bars.
  • Breakfast cereals typically are processed to produce a shredded, flaky, puffy, or extruded form.
  • Breakfast cereals generally are eaten cold and are often mixed with milk and/or fruit.
  • Snack bars include, for example, energy bars, rice cakes, granola bars, and nutritional bars.
  • Hot cereals generally are cooked, usually in either milk or water, before being eaten.
  • Non-limiting examples of hot cereals include grits, porridge, polenta, rice, oatmeal, and rolled oats.
  • Cereal compositions generally comprise at least one cereal ingredient.
  • the term "cereal ingredient” denotes materials such as whole or part grains, whole or part seeds, and whole or part grass.
  • Non-limiting examples of cereal ingredients for use in some embodiments include maize, wheat, rice, barley, bran, bran endosperm, bulgur, sorghums, millets, oats, rye, triticale, buckwheat, fonio, quinoa, bean, soybean, amaranth, teff, spelt, and kaniwa.
  • the cereal composition comprises a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same and at least one cereal ingredient.
  • the compositions of the present application or sweetener compositions comprising the same may be added to the cereal composition in a variety of ways, such as, for example, as a coating, as a frosting, as a glaze, or as a matrix blend (i.e., added as an ingredient to the cereal formulation prior to the preparation of the final cereal product).
  • compositions of the present application or sweetener compositions comprising the same is added to the cereal composition as a matrix blend.
  • the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is blended with a hot cereal prior to cooking to provide a sweetened hot cereal product.
  • the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is blended with the cereal matrix before the cereal is extruded.
  • the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is added to the cereal composition as a coating, such as, for example, by combining with a food grade oil and applying the mixture onto the cereal.
  • the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same and the food grade oil may be applied to the cereal separately, by applying either the oil or the sweetener first.
  • food grade oils for use include vegetable oils such as corn oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, canola oil, olive oil, sesame seed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, or mixtures thereof.
  • food grade fats may be used in place of the oils, provided that the fat is melted prior to applying the fat onto the cereal.
  • the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is added to the cereal composition as a glaze.
  • glazing agents for use in some embodiments include corn syrup, honey syrups and honey syrup solids, maple syrups and maple syrup solids, sucrose, isomalt, polydextrose, polyols, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, aqueous solutions thereof, or mixtures thereof.
  • the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is added as a glaze by combining with a glazing agent and a food grade oil or fat and applying the mixture to the cereal.
  • a gum system such as, for example, gum acacia, carboxymethyl cellulose, or algin, may be added to the glaze to provide structural support.
  • the glaze also may include a coloring agent, and also may include a flavor.
  • the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is added to the cereal composition as a frosting.
  • the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is combined with water and a frosting agent and then applied to the cereal.
  • frosting agents for use in some embodiments include maltodextrin, sucrose, starch, polyols, or mixtures thereof.
  • the frosting also may include a food grade oil, a food grade fat, a coloring agent, and/or a flavor.
  • the amount of the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same in a cereal composition varies widely depending on the particular type of cereal composition and its desired sweetness. Those of ordinary skill in the art can readily discern the appropriate amount of sweetener to put in the cereal composition.
  • the orally consumable composition comprising the composition of the present application is a tabletop sweetener composition.
  • the tabletop sweetener composition may further include at least one bulking agent, additive, anti-caking agent, functional ingredient or combination thereof.
  • Suitable “bulking agents” include, but are not limited to, maltodextrin (10 DE, 18 DE, or 5 DE), corn syrup solids (20 or 36 DE), sucrose, fructose, glucose, invert sugar, sorbitol, xylose, ribulose, mannose, xylitol, mannitol, galactitol, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, maltose, tagatose, lactose, inulin, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyols, polydextrose, fructooligosaccharides, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
  • granulated sugar (sucrose) or other caloric sweeteners such as crystalline fructose, other carbohydrates, or sugar alcohol can be used as a bulking agent due to their provision of good content uniformity without the addition of significant calories.
  • anti-caking agent and “flow agent” refers to any composition which assists in content uniformity and uniform dissolution.
  • non-limiting examples of anti-caking agents include cream of tartar, calcium silicate, silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel, FMC BioPolymer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), and tricalcium phosphate.
  • the anti-caking agents are present in the tabletop sweetener composition in an amount from about 0.001 to about 3 % by weight of the tabletop sweetener composition.
  • the tabletop sweetener compositions can be packaged in any form known in the art.
  • Non-limiting forms include, but are not limited to, powder form, granular form, packets, tablets, sachets, pellets, cubes, solids, and liquids.
  • the tabletop sweetener composition is a single-serving (portion control) packet comprising a dry-blend.
  • Dry-blend formulations generally may comprise powder or granules.
  • the tabletop sweetener composition may be in a packet of any size, an illustrative non-limiting example of conventional portion control tabletop sweetener packets are approximately 2.5 by 1.5 inches and hold approximately 1 gram of a sweetener composition having a sweetness equivalent to 2 teaspoons of granulated sugar ( ⁇ 8 g).
  • the amount of the composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same in a dry-blend tabletop sweetener formulation can vary.
  • a dry-blend tabletop sweetener formulation may comprise a Composition of the present application in an amount from about 1 % (w/w) to about 10 % (w/w) of the tabletop sweetener composition.
  • Solid tabletop sweetener embodiments include cubes and tablets.
  • a non limiting example of conventional cubes are equivalent in size to a standard cube of granulated sugar, which is approximately 2.2 x 2.2 x 2.2 cm 3 and weigh approximately 8 g.
  • a solid tabletop sweetener is in the form of a tablet or any other form known to those skilled in the art.
  • a tabletop sweetener composition also may be embodied in the form of a liquid, wherein a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same is combined with a liquid carrier.
  • suitable non-limiting examples of carrier agents for liquid tabletop sweeteners include water, alcohol, polyol, glycerin base or citric acid base dissolved in water, or mixtures thereof.
  • the sweetness equivalent of a tabletop sweetener composition for any of the forms described herein or known in the art may be varied to obtain a desired sweetness profile.
  • a tabletop sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness comparable to that of an equivalent amount of standard sugar.
  • the tabletop sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness of up to 100 times that of an equivalent amount of sugar.
  • the tabletop sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness of up to 90 times, 80 times, 70 times, 60 times, 50 times, 40 times, 30 times, 20 times, 10 times, 9 times, 8 times, 7 times, 6 times, 5 times, 4 times, 3 times, and 2 times that of an equivalent amount of sugar.
  • a beverage or beverage product comprises a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same.
  • the beverage may be sweetened or unsweetened.
  • the composition of the present application, or sweetener composition comprising the same may be added to a beverage to sweeten the beverage or enhance its existing sweetness or flavor profile.
  • “Beverage product,” as used herein, is a ready-to-drink beverage, a beverage concentrate, a beverage syrup, or a powdered beverage.
  • Suitable ready-to-drink beverages include carbonated and non-carbonated beverages.
  • Carbonated beverages include, but are not limited to, frozen carbonated beverages, enhanced sparkling beverages, cola, fruit-flavored sparkling beverages (e.g. lemon-lime, orange, grape, strawberry and pineapple), ginger-ale, soft drinks and root beer.
  • Non-carbonated beverages include, but are not limited to, fruit juice, fruit-flavored juice, juice drinks, nectars, vegetable juice, vegetable-flavored juice, sports drinks, energy drinks, enhanced water drinks, enhanced water with vitamins, near water drinks (e.g., water with natural or synthetic flavorants), coconut water, tea type drinks (e.g. black tea, green tea, red tea, oolong tea), coffee, cocoa drink, beverages comprising milk components (e.g. milk beverages, coffee comprising milk components, cafe au lait, milk tea, fruit milk beverages), and beverages comprising cereal extracts and smoothies.
  • Beverage concentrates and beverage syrups are prepared with an initial volume of liquid matrix (e.g., water) and the desired beverage ingredients. Full strength beverages are then prepared by adding further volumes of water. Powdered beverages are prepared by dry mixing all of the beverage ingredients in the absence of a liquid matrix. Full strength beverages are then prepared by adding the full volume of water.
  • Beverages comprise a matrix, i.e., the basic ingredient in which the ingredients - including the compositions of the present application - are dissolved.
  • a beverage comprises water of beverage quality as the matrix, such as, for example deionized water, distilled water, reverse osmosis water, carbon-treated water, purified water, demineralized water or combinations thereof, can be used.
  • Additional suitable matrices include, but are not limited to phosphoric acid, phosphate buffer, citric acid, citrate buffer and carbon-treated water.
  • a beverage comprises a composition of the present application.
  • a beverage product comprises a sweetener composition of the present application.
  • beverage concentrations below can be provided by the composition of the present application or sweetener composition of the present application.
  • the total concentration of sweetening agent in the beverage is from about 1 ppm to about about 2,000 ppm, in one aspect 50 ppm to about 900 ppm, such as, for example, from about 1 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about B00 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200
  • compositions include solids, gases and liquids which are ingestible materials having medicinal value, such as cough syrups, cough drops, medicinal sprays, vitamins, and chewable medicinal tablets.
  • oral hygiene compositions includes mouthwashes, mouth rinses, toothpastes, tooth polishes, dentifrices, mouth sprays, and mouth refreshers.
  • smoking composition includes cigarettes, pipe and cigar tobacco, and all forms of tobacco such as shredded filler, leaf, stem, stalk, homogenized leaf cured, reconstituted binders, and reconstituted tobacco from tobacco dust, fines, or other sources in sheet, pellet or other forms.
  • smoking compositions also include tobacco substitutes formulated from non-tobacco materials, such as representative tobacco substitutes described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,529,602, 3,703,177 and 4,079,742 and references cited therein.
  • compositions of combinations of sweetening agents disclosed herein including sweet tea extracts, sweet tea components, such as rubusoside and suaviosides, glycosylated sweet tea extracts, SG's, GSG's, MG's, GMG's, or mixtures thereof, and also where sugar donor(s) are part of the composition.
  • sweetening agent(s) to sugar donor/amine donor/additional components can range from 100:0.1 to 0.1:100 and all values there between.
  • a sweetening agent comprises 90% by weight of the composition
  • up to 10% by weight of the composition can be a sugar donor and/or an amine donor, e.g., 90:10 or 9:1.
  • 99% of the composition is sweetening agent and 1% by weight would be a sugar donor and an amine donor, etc., e.g., 99:1, for use in producing Maillard reaction product(s).
  • Suitable FEMA recognized stevia based compositions are included herein as noted in Table 1. These stevia based compositions can be used in the Maillard reaction as described throughout as the sweetening agent(s). [00715] Table 1
  • the sweetener enhancer(s), in the compositions described herein can be present in final food or beverage in a range of from about 0.5ppm to about lOOOppm, from about lppm to about 900ppm, from about 2ppm to about 800ppm, from about 3ppm to about 700ppm from about 4ppm to about 600ppm, about 500ppm, and all values and ranges encompassed over the range of from about 0.5ppm to about lOOOppm, including 5ppm, lOppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, including increments of 5, for example, through lOOOppm, alternatively from about 2ppm, including 4ppm, 6ppm, 8ppm, lOppm, including increments of 2, for example, through lOOOppm.
  • the sweetener enhancers described herein can be present in the compositions described herein in a range of from about 0.1 to about 99.5%.
  • Sweetener(s), if present, can be present in compositions described herein in the range of 1 to about 99 weight percent, from about 1 to about 75 weigh percent 1 to about 50 weight percent, from about 1 to about 40 weight percent, from about 1 to about 30 weight percent, from 1 to about 20 weight percent, from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, from about 2 to about 9 weight percent, from about 3 to about 8 weight percent, from about 4 to about 7 weight percent, from about 5 to about 6 weight percent and all values and ranges encompassed over the range of from about 1 to about 99 weight percent including 5 weight percent, 10 weight percent, 15, weight percent, 20 weight percent including increments of 5, for example, through 95 weight percent, and alternatively from about 2 weight percent, 4 weight percent, 6 weight percent, including increments of 2, for example, through 98 weight percent.
  • the sugar donor if present, can be present in the compositions described herein in a range of from about 1 to about 99 weight percent, from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, from about 2 to about 9 weight percent, from about 3 to about 8 weight percent, from about 4 to about 7 weight percent, from about 5 to about 6 weight percent and all values and ranges encompassed over the range of from about 1 to about 50 weight percent.
  • the amine donor if present, can be present in the compositions described herein in a range of from about 1 to about 99 weight percent, from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, from about 2 to about 9 weight percent, from about 3 to about 8 weight percent, from about 4 to about 7 weight percent, from about 5 to about 6 weight percent and all values and ranges encompassed over the range of from about 1 to about 50 weight percent.
  • additives can be used in the compositions described herein to enhance flavor characteristics that are sweet, fruity, floral, herbaceous, spicy, aromatic, pungent, "nut like” (e.g., almond, pecan), "spicy” (e.g., cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, anise and wintergreen), "non-citrus fruit” flavor (e.g., strawberry, cherry, apple, grape, currant, tomato, gooseberry and blackberry), "citrus fruit” flavor (e.g., orange, lemon and grapefruit), and other useful flavors, including coffee, cocoa, peppermint, spearmint, vanilla and maple.
  • nut like e.g., almond, pecan
  • spicy e.g., cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, anise and wintergreen
  • non-citrus fruit” flavor e.g., strawberry, cherry, apple, grape, currant, tomato, gooseberry and blackberry
  • citrus fruit” flavor e.g., orange, lemon and grapefruit
  • Thickening agents can be included in the compositions described herein.
  • the thickening agents include, but are not limited to, carbomers, cellulose base materials, gums, algin, agar, pectins, carrageenan, gelatin, mineral or modified mineral thickeners, polyethylene glycol and polyalcohols, polyacrylamide and other polymeric thickeners.
  • Thickening agents which provide stability and optimal flow characteristics of the composition are preferably used.
  • Emulsification agents can also be included in the compositions described herein. Suitable examples of emulsification agents include, but are not limited to, agar, albumin, alginates, casein, egg yolk, glycerol monostearate, gums, Irish moss, lecithin, and some soaps.
  • the Maillard reaction products noted herein can be used as a sugar substitute or a flavoring agent alone or in combination with a food product.
  • the present inventors further surprisingly discovered that the Maillard reaction products as prepared herein can be used as a fat substitute in the food and beverage industries.
  • sucrose equivalence is the amount of non-sucrose sweetener required to provide the sweetness of a given percentage of sucrose in the same food, beverage, or solution.
  • a non-diet soft drink typically contains 12 grams of sucrose per 100 ml of water, i.e., 12% sucrose. This means that to be commercially accepted, diet soft drinks must have the same sweetness as a 12% sucrose soft drink, i.e., a diet soft drink must have a 12% SE.
  • Soft drink dispensing equipment assumes an SE of 12%, since such equipment is set up for use with sucrose-based syrups.
  • taste profile which is interchangeable with "sensory profile” or "aroma” and is defined as the temporal profile of all basic tastes of a sweetener.
  • a plurality of such human tasters is called a “sensory panel”.
  • sensory panels can also judge the temporal profile of the other "basic tastes”: bitterness, saltiness, sourness, piquance (aka spiciness), and umami (aka savoriness or meatiness).
  • Aroma from aroma producing substances are volatile compounds which are perceived by the odor receptor sites of the smell organ, i. e. the olfactory tissue of the nasal cavity. They reach the receptors when drawn in through the nose (orthonasal detection) and via the throat after being released by chewing (retronasal detection).
  • aroma substances like the concept of taste substances, should be used loosely, since a compound might contribute to the typical odor or taste of one food, while in another food it might cause a faulty odor or taste, or both, resulting in an off-flavor.
  • Sensory profile includes evaluation of aroma as well.
  • mouth feel involves the physical and chemical interaction of a consumable in the mouth.
  • mouth feel refers to the fullness sensation experienced in the mouth, which relates to the body and texture of the consumable such as its viscosity.
  • Mouth feel is one of the most important organoleptic properties and the major criteria that consumers use to judge the quality and freshness of foods. Subtle changes in a food and beverage product's formulation can change mouth feel significantly. Simply taking out sugar and adding a high intensity sweetener and/or a sweetening agent and/or a sweetener enhancer can cause noticeable alterations in mouth feel, making a formerly good product unacceptable to consumers. Sugar not only sweetens; it also builds body and viscosity in a food and beverage products, and leaves a slight coating on the tongue. For example, reducing salt levels in soup changes not only taste, but can alter mouth feel. Primarily it is the mouth feel that is always the compliant with non-sugar sweeteners.
  • Maillard reaction products commonly taken as volatile substances, can provide great mouth feel and increase consumers' acceptance of using high intensity sweeteners and/or sweetening agents in food and beverage industry, preferably high intensity sweetener(s) involved during the reaction.
  • the Maillard reaction products can be used individually or combined with sweeteners used for foods and beverages such as tea, milk, coffee, chocolate etc.
  • Maillard Reacted Products with high intensity sweeteners such as sucralose
  • the inventors surprisingly found that Maillard reacted products could act as flavor modifier product to improve the taste profile of stevia glycosides and or sucralose, such as overall-likeability, less lingering, less astringency, less bitterness, quick upfront sweetness, umami, sensation enjoyment, fullness etc. Therefore, MRPs can be excellent flavor enhancers to be blended with stevia glycosides and or sucralose to extend SGs and others natural intensive sweeteners to be used in beverage, dairy, oral care and all other applications. Depending on the desired target, Maillard Reaction Products could provide high or low volatile substances especially low volatile flavors to enhance the overall enjoyment of stevia glycosides, sucralose and or other natural, synthetic intensity sweeteners.
  • the MRPs disclosed herein can be used as mouth feel enhancers.
  • sweetness detection threshold refers to the minimum concentration at which panelists consisting of 8 persons are able to detect sweetness in a composition, liquid or solid. This is further defined as provided in the Examples herein and are conducted by the methods described in Sensory Testing for Flavorings with Modifying Properties by Christie L. Harman, John B. Hallagan, and the FEMA Science, Committee Sensory Data Task Force, November 2013, Volume 67, No.11 and Appendix A attached thereto, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Threshold of sweetness refers to a concentration of a material that below a concentration where sweetness can be detected may still impart a flavor to the consumable (including water).
  • the sample meets the threshold.
  • concentrations of the substance below the sweetness level are considered a flavoring.
  • flavor or "flavor characteristic”, as used herein, is the combined sensory perception of the components of taste, odor, and/or texture.
  • enhancement includes augmenting, intensifying, accentuating, magnifying, and potentiating the sensory perception of a flavor characteristic without changing the nature or quality thereof.
  • modify includes altering, varying, suppressing, depressing, fortifying and supplementing the sensory perception of a flavor characteristic where the quality or duration of such characteristic was deficient.
  • flavoring compounds described herein can be used in combination with stevia blends, including stevia glycosides, to encapsulate and reduce or eliminate the unwanted off taste of the stevia component(s) present in the composition. It should also be understood that there can be a sequential series of Maillard reaction(s) that can be used to produce the flavor(s).
  • a first reaction takes place between a first sugar donor and a first amine donor under appropriate conditions followed by a second reaction with a second sugar donor and a second amine donor, and possible subsequent reactions to provide a complex flavorant composition that is a combination of various Maillard reaction products between, for example the first sugar donor and first amine donor, along with the reaction between the first sugar donor and a second amine donor or a second sugar donor reacting with the first sugar donor, etc. under Maillard reaction conditions as described herein.
  • the processes of the embodiments described herein can be used to preserve flavors. For instance, to dissolve any flavor or flavor combination in a dissolved stevia glycosides solution, afterwards, the solution could be ready to use, or it could be further concentrated to syrup or powder form.
  • the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction is a stevia extract.
  • the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction is a stevia extract or one or more components of a stevia extract collectively referred to as steviol glycosides.
  • Suitable steviol glycosides include those listed in Table 2 and can be obtained by fermentation or enzymatic methods.
  • the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction is a swingle extract or one or more individual components of a swingle extract collectively referred to as mogrosides.
  • the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction is one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs) or glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs).
  • GSGs glycosylated steviol glycosides
  • GMGs glycosylated mogrosides
  • the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction is a sweet tea extract or one or more individual components of a sweet tea extract referred to as rubusoside and/or suaviosides.
  • the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction is a glycosylated sweet tea extract or one or more of the individual components of the glycosylated sweet tea extract, e.g., rubusoside and/or a suavioside.
  • compositions of RA+RB, RA+RB+RD RA+RB+RC, RA+RB+RC+RD, RA+RB+RC+RD+RE, RA+RB+RC+RD+RM, RA+RD+RM, RD+RM+RO+RE, etc. are used. These combinations can be either added to Maillard reaction products produced from a sugar donor and an amine donor, or included in the Maillard reaction with the sugar donor and amine donor, or serve as the substrate(s) for the Maillard reaction in the presence of an amine donor.
  • compositions can be prepared with the components discussed herein including sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle extracts, MG(s), SG(s), components of sweet tea extract(s), GMG(s), GSG(s) glycosylated sweet tea glycosylates, and optionally, in combination a sugar donor, such as glucose, fructose or galactose (and in the presence of an amine donor).
  • a sugar donor such as glucose, fructose or galactose (and in the presence of an amine donor).
  • the Maillard reaction products can include one or more of the following components after the reaction has occurred. These components include, for example, remaining sweetening agent(s), remaining reducing sugar (sugar donor(s)), remaining amine donor(s), degraded sweetening agent(s); degraded sugar donor(s), degraded amine donor(s), possible salt(s) that occur naturally from the Maillard reaction process and/or added salt(s), remaining sweetener(s), degraded sweetener(s), remaining sweetener enhancer(s), degraded sweetener enhancer(s), MRP(s), CRP(s), additional MRP(s) added to the reaction product and/or additional CRP(s) added to the reaction product.
  • remaining sweetening agent(s) remaining reducing sugar (sugar donor(s)), remaining amine donor(s), degraded sweetening agent(s); degraded sugar donor(s), degraded amine donor(s), possible salt(s) that occur naturally from the Maillard reaction process and/or added salt(s
  • the Maillard reaction can be performed such that there can be an excess of amine donor(s) in comparison to reducing sugar(s) or much less than the amount of reducing sugar present.
  • the resultant Maillard reaction mixture would include remaining amine donor(s), degraded amine donor(s) and or residue(s) or amine donor(s).
  • the amine donor(s) would be reacted during the course of the reaction.
  • the reducing sugar is replaced with a sweetening agent (e.g., a material such as a stevia extract that does not include a reactive aldehydic or ketone moiety) and subjected to amine donor(s)
  • a sweetening agent e.g., a material such as a stevia extract that does not include a reactive aldehydic or ketone moiety
  • the amine donor(s) may be present in amounts that would be fully consumed by a Maillard type reaction or be present in an amount that would provide excess amine donor(s) and consequently amine donor(s), amine donor residue(s) and or amine degradation product(s) would be present in the Maillard reaction mixture.
  • suitable Maillard reaction components (along with one or more amine donors) to provide suitable ingestible compositions from a Maillard reaction process. It should also be understood that an amine donor(s) is used in the Maillard reaction under appropriate reaction conditions (a pH from about 2 to about 14, e.g., pH > 7, elevated temperature) to produce the resultant Maillard reaction product(s).
  • a GMG A GMG, an SG and a sugar donor.
  • a GMG, an MG and a sugar donor A GMG, an MG and a sugar donor.
  • a GMG, a GSG an SG, an MG and a sugar donor are provided.
  • GSG glycosylated steviol glycoside
  • GSG glycosylated steviol glycoside
  • a sweet tea component e.g., rubusoside, suaviosides.
  • Sources of mogrosides and mogroside extracts include Momordica grosvenori.
  • Other names include Momordica grosvenori fruit, Buddha fruit, Monordica fruit, luo han kuo, Siraitia grosvenorii, Grosvener Siraitia, arhat fruit, monk's fruit, luo han guo, longevity fruit, lohan kuo, luohanguo, la han qua (Vietnamese), rakanka (Japan).
  • the juice or extract of the fruit includes mainly non-sugar natural sweeteners, the triterpenoid glycosides, which include mogroside V (esgoside), mogroside IV, and D-mannitol.
  • the natural sweetness of them is 256- 344, 126, and 0.55-0.65 times of that of sugar.
  • the juice/extract contains large amounts of glucose, 14% fructose, proteins, vitamin C, and 26 inorganic elements such as manganese, iron, nickel, selenium, tin, iodine, molybdenum and others.
  • the juice/extract also includes fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, and decanoic acid.
  • the embodiments include a "sweetening agent", as described herein, that is not considered a reducing sugar (the component does not have a free carbonyl group to react with an amine in a traditional Maillard reaction) and a flavoring agent.
  • Sweetening agents include those noted above, and include, for example, stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, etc.
  • the embodiments include a sweetening agent, the product(s) of a hydrolyzed sweetening agent (e.g., treated by a base such as by aqueous sodium hydroxide) and a Maillard flavoring agent (Maillard reaction product).
  • a hydrolyzed sweetening agent e.g., treated by a base such as by aqueous sodium hydroxide
  • a Maillard flavoring agent Maillard reaction product
  • the embodiments include a sweetening agent, the product(s) of a hydrolyzed sweetening agent (e.g., treated by a base such as by aqueous sodium hydroxide) a Maillard flavoring agent and a flavoring agent.
  • a hydrolyzed sweetening agent e.g., treated by a base such as by aqueous sodium hydroxide
  • a Maillard flavoring agent e.g., treated by a base such as by aqueous sodium hydroxide
  • a flavoring agent e.g., treated by a base such as by aqueous sodium hydroxide
  • the embodiments include a sweetening agent, a Maillard flavoring agent and a flavoring agent.
  • compositions can be provided as a liquid, such as a syrup, or a solid.
  • sweetening agents such as steviol glycosides
  • at least one component selected from Maillard Reactant product(s) from sweetening agent(s) such as steviol glycosides, a non-stevia glycoside sugar donor (including vitamin C, fats, and fat degraded products, lipids, etc. compounds having a carbonyl donor), and an amine donor and Maillard reactants from non-steviol glycosides sugar donor.
  • reaction(s) can be conducted either under open or sealed conditions.
  • the present embodiments provide new methods to provide water soluble solutions, syrups and powders for flavoring.
  • the embodiments surprisingly create sugar reduced sweeteners which have better taste than sugar including, for example, sweetening agents such as stevia, monk fruit, licorice etc. and synthetic sweetener such as sucralose.
  • sweetening agents such as stevia, monk fruit, licorice etc.
  • synthetic sweetener such as sucralose.
  • the present embodiments provide a method to produce multi characteristic flavoring components which are much closer in taste to the desired flavor than flavorings that are currently in the marketplace.
  • Another advantage is that three or more stevia molecules bind one water molecule and act as a moisture preserver.
  • steviolmonoside a natural non-reducing sugar
  • Maillard reaction a natural non-reducing sugar
  • the degradation of steviol glycosides generates different compositions of sugar donors, which react with amine donors, and have interactions with the taste profile of remaining steviol glycosides, remaining added sugar donor, MRPs, and caramelized substances, thus creating complicated, compatible tastes and aromas with steviol glycosides and other flavors, and substantially enriches the stereoscopic feeling of aroma and taste profile.
  • Use of the compositions described herein can reduce the amount of thickener, antioxidants, emulsifiers etc. required when applied in food and beverages.
  • the desired taste and aroma of the food or beverage product can be obtained by adjusting the type of stevia glycosides, ratio of reactants and reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, reaction time etc.
  • Another advantage of the present embodiments is that flavors could be absorbed in or to the inner surface of pores of steviol glycoside powders. Flavors are preserved and can be released when in solution.
  • the present embodiments avoid the use of starch, or dextrin as a carrier which can bring wheat taste to the flavors.
  • thaumatin provided a great advantage by lowering the threshold of aroma and the taste of substances significantly.
  • the reaction conditions can be adjusted and/or optimized in order to obtain a desired profile of taste and aroma of the finished product.
  • the current embodiments significantly boost favorable aspects such as the flavor and aroma characteristics of sweetening agents described herein, or synthetic sweeteners, or mixtures thereof and helps to eliminate their disadvantages of bitterness, lingering aftertaste, etc. as flavorings and sweeteners used for food and beverages.
  • compositions, processes, methods, and concentrations of components which create a better taste and aroma based on sweetening agents described herein in place of sugar.
  • the present embodiments provide that there is strong synergy between stevia glycosides and MRPs in the profiles of taste and aroma.
  • An advantageous range of ratio of stevia glycosides to MRPs reactants is in range of 20:80 and 80:20.
  • Mannose and or its oligosaccharides
  • Mannose can be used as a flavoring agent to help improve the taste of sweetening agents, such as stevia glycosides, especially when it is utilized as a sugar donor.
  • Uronic acids such as glucuronolactone (and or glucuronic acid) can be used as a flavoring agent to help improve the taste of sweetening agents, such as stevia glycosides, especially when it is utilized as a sugar donor.
  • protein is a good source as an amino acid donor making the combination of vegetable protein with MRPs create great tasting consumables.
  • Natural food colors including extracts or their concentrates, always possess earthy, or unpleasant tastes and smells, and are difficult to be used in food.
  • the manufacturers have tried various means to remove the unpleasant tastes and smells in order to have neutral tasting or smelling colorants or color extracts.
  • Most food colorants or extracts contain certain amounts of sugar and/or amino acids, which are valuable nutrients. Adding MRPs to the colorants or extracts, or combining them with an amino acid and or a sugar can create a pleasant taste and smell so that the coloring could be easily incorporated into foods and beverages without the present disadvantages.
  • Spices similarly have similar issues like that of natural food colors.
  • the present technology can be used to overcome undesirable tastes and smells, especially with extracts such as Ginger Extract, paprika extract, or pepper extract.
  • Mannose and glucuronolactone or glucuronic acid can be used as sugar donors under Maillard reaction conditions, although they have seldom been used.
  • the Maillard reaction products of mannose, glucuronolactone or glucuronic acid provide yet another unique approach to provide new taste profiles with the sweetening agents described thoughout the specification alone or in combination with additional flavoring agents and/or synthetic sweeteners noted herein.
  • a composition comprising steviol glycosides and flavors is an embodiment.
  • a composition comprising stevia glycosides and an amino acid donor, which is heated is an embodiment.
  • a composition comprising stevia glycosides, a sugar donor and an amino acid donor is still another embodiment.
  • a composition comprising stevia glycosides, an unreacted sugar donor, a Maillard reaction flavoring and other unreacted reaction components from the Maillard reaction is still yet another embodiment which can further include a pH adjustor.
  • a composition comprising stevia glycosides, an unreacted amino acid donor, Maillard reaction flavoring and other unreacted reaction components from the Maillard reaction is another embodiment which can further include a pH adjustor
  • the sugar donor is selected from glucose, rahmnose, etc.
  • a further reactant includes a salt.
  • a composition comprising stevia glycosides, an unreacted sugar donor and an unreacted amino acid donor and Maillard reaction flavoring and other unreacted reaction components from the Maillard reaction is an embodiment.
  • compositions can include Millard reactants containing unreacted acid or base, or their salts.
  • compositions can further comprise additional flavors.
  • compositions can further comprise additional sweeteners.
  • compositions can further comprise flavors and sweeteners.
  • sweetening agents e.g., stevia extract
  • common methods of manufacturing of the sweetening agents are as follows. The method presented should not be considered limiting.
  • the mixture can be clarified by flocculation or membrane filtration.
  • the mixture can then be purified through a macroporous resin and ion exchange resin.
  • the filtrate is then crystallized with a mixture of water/alcohol (ethanol or methanol) to obtain a precipitate which is then filtered and dried.
  • a swingle extract or mogroside extract containing mogrosides is produced by the method of extracting the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) with an alcohol, a mixture of alcohol and water, or water to obtain mixtures of mogrosides, then purified to provide desired mogrosides such as mogroside V.
  • a swingle extract containing mogrosides is produced by the method as follows: extraction of the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) with an alcohol, a mixture of alcohol and water, or water to obtain the mogrosides (such as mogroside V etc.) component ranging from about 0.1 % to 99% by weight of the extract.
  • the swingle extract contains about 10-90% by weight mogrosides. In another preferred embodiment, the swingle extract contains about 20-80% by weight mogrosides. In another preferred embodiment, the swingle extract contains about 30- 70% by weight mogrosides. In another preferred embodiment, the swingle extract contains about 40-60% by weight mogrosides.
  • a suitable process to obtain a mogroside extract is provided as follows. Luo Han Guo fruit is extracted with water or a mixture of water/alcohol (ethanol or methanol) at a temperature of from about 40 ⁇ C to about 80 ⁇ C with the ratio of fruit to solvent being about 1:10 to about 1:20 (weight to volume).
  • the liquid can be clarified by flocculation or membrane filtration followed by purification through a macroporous resin and ion exchange resin. Decolorization can be accomplished with activated carbon. Solids are then filtered and dried.
  • glycosylated mogroside V is produced by dissolving dextrin in water (reverse osmosis water).
  • the ratio of GMGV to water is about 1:10 (weight/volume, (w/v)).
  • a swingle extract with a mogroside content of between 1% and 99% is added to dextrin solution.
  • the dextrin to swingle extract ratio was optimized to a ratio of between 30:70 and 70:30.
  • CGTase enzyme is added to the mixture (ratio of GMGV to CGTase is about 20:1 (w/v) and incubated at 60-70 ⁇ C for a desired length of reaction time (typically from about 2 hours to about 72 hours, more preferably from about 8 hours to about 48 hours, even more preferably from about 12 hours to about 24 hours) to glycosylate mogrosides with glucose molecules derived from dextrin, wherein the addition amount by volume is about 0.1-0.5ml based on lg mogrosides.
  • the ratio of GMGV to CGTase is from about 10:1 to about 20:1 w/v).
  • the reaction mixture is heated to 10-200 ⁇ C for 30 min to inactivate the CGTase, which is then removed by filtration.
  • the resulting solution of GMGs, residual mogroside and dextrin is decolored and spray dried.
  • the Maillard reaction product(s) described herein can be added to a food products as described below.
  • the amount of the Maillard reaction product added to a food product can be from 10 9 ppb (parts per billion) to up to 100% by weight.
  • this includes from about 10 9 ppb to about 100 ppb, from about 1 ppm (part per million) to about 1000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 10 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 1000 ppm, from about 0.1% by weight to about 0.99% by weight, from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight, from about 10% by weight to about 50% by weight and from about 50% by weight to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the food product and the Maillard reaction product(s).
  • the Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in beverages, broths, and beverage preparations selected from the group comprising carbonated, non-carbonated, frozen, semi-frozen ("slush"), non-frozen, ready-to-drink, concentrated (powdered, frozen, or syrup), dairy, non-dairy, herbal, non-herbal, caffeinated, non-caffeinated, alcoholic, non alcoholic, flavored, non-flavored, vegetable-based, fruit-based, root/tuber/corm-based, nut- based, other plant-based, cola-based, chocolate-based, meat-based, seafood-based, other animal-based, algae-based, calorie enhanced, calorie-reduced, and calorie-free products, optionally dispensed in open containers, cans, bottles or other packaging.
  • Such beverages and beverage preparations can be in ready-to-drink, ready-to-cook, ready-to-mix, raw, or ingredient form and can use the composition as a sole sweet
  • the Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in foods and food preparations (e.g., sweeteners, soups, sauces, flavorings, spices, oils, fats, and condiments) from dairy-based, cereal-based, baked, vegetable-based, fruit-based, root/tuber/corm-based, nut-based, other plant-based, egg-based, meat-based, seafood-based, other animal-based, algae-based, processed (e.g., spreads), preserved (e.g., meals-ready-to-eat rations), and synthesized (e.g., gels) products.
  • foods and food preparations e.g., sweeteners, soups, sauces, flavorings, spices, oils, fats, and condiments
  • the Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in candies, confections, desserts, and snacks selected from the group comprising dairy-based, cereal- based, baked, vegetable-based, fruit-based, root/tuber/corn-based, nut-based, gum-based, other plant-based, egg-based, meat-based, seafood-based, other animal-based, algae-based, processed (e.g., spreads), preserved (e.g., meals-ready-to-eat rations), and synthesized (e.g., gels) products.
  • Such candies, confections, desserts, and snacks can be in ready-to-eat, ready-to- cook, ready-to-mix, raw, or in ingredient form, and can use the compositions as a sole sweetener or as a co-sweetener.

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Abstract

The invention describes products, uses thereof, compositions thereof, and methods to prepare products formed from Maillard reaction products from a sugar donor and/or sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea extract components, one or more steviol glycosides, one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides or one or more glycosylated mogrosides and an amine donor/reactant.

Description

A TASTEFUL NATURAL SWEETENER AND FLAVOR
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/402,360, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/402,413, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non- Provisional Serial No. 16/402,448, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/402,605, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/402,728, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/402,641, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/402,816 , filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/402,846, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/402,991, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisinal Serial No. 16/402,999, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/403,053, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/403,061, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/403,163, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/403,178, filed May 3, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisional Serial No. 16/403,223, filed May 3, 2019, and further claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Serial No. 62/668,580, filed May 8, 2018, U.S. Provisional Serial No. 62/696,481, filed July 11, 2018, U.S. Application Serial No. 62/744,755, filed October 12, 2018, U.S. Application Serial No. 62/771,485, filed November 26, 2018 and U.S. Application Serial No. 62/775,983, filed December 6, 2018, U.S. Application Serial No. 62/819,980, filed on March 18, 2019 and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62/841,858 filed on May 2, 2019, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates generally to Maillard reaction products formed from an amine, such as an amino acid, peptide, or protein, and a reducing sugar, optionally, in the presence of a sweetening agent. Surprisingly, some sweetening agents, as defined herein, can also undergo a Maillard type reaction without the presence of a reducing sugar being present. Alternatively, the sweetening agent can be added to Maillard reaction product(s) or vice versa. Suitable sweetening agents include, sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), steviol glycosides, one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Sugar reduction has become important in the food industry. Stevia extract is a key ingredient to be used as a replacement for sugar reduction in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. Unfortunately, the main prevailing products in the market, such as rebaudioside A (Reb A) with purities of 50%, 60%, 80%, 95%, 97%, 99%, retain bitterness, metallic taste, and/or an aftertaste (licorice in taste) when used at higher concentrations, such as at levels more than 200 ppm. Thus, the extracts do not yet meet the needs of providing sweetness to a product, without offending taste while reducing the amount of sugar present in the consumed product.
[0004] Newly discovered stevia derived compounds, such as rebaudioside D (Reb D) and rebaudioside M (Reb M), Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside I and Rebbaudioside J have an improved in taste profile, but still have lingering bitterness, metallic taste, and/or aftertaste when used in food, pharmaceuticals or beverages at higher concentrations.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need for new approaches to solve the above issues to meet the increasing demand for a better sweeter taste by a natural sweetener or flavor for replacement of sugar in food, beverage, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In one embodiment, compositions are provided that include a Maillard reaction product and at least one sweetening agent such as a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[0007] In another embodiment, compositions are provided that include Maillard reaction products that are a result of a combination of a reducing sugar and at least one sweetening agent such as a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[0008] In still another embodiment, compositions are provided that include Maillard reaction product(s) of at least one sweetening agent(s) such as a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[0009] The present invention surprisingly provides compositions, products, processes to prepare and uses of Maillard reaction products described herein comprising the reaction product or reaction products of a first reactant comprising either a sugar donor having a free carbonyl group, or a sweetening agent or combinations of both and a second reactant comprising an amine reactant group (an amine donor) that can react with the free carbonyl of the sugar donor or sweetening agent(s) wherein the first and second reactants are reacted for a period of time at a temperature sufficient for a Maillard reaction to occur between the reactants such that at least one Maillard reaction product is formed.
[0010] In one aspect, the results are surprising as up until the time of the present invention, sweetening agents such as sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extracts), a sweet tea component, a steviol glycoside, a mogroside, glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated stevia extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof were not considered suitable substrates/reactants for a Maillard reaction to occur.
[0011] In one embodiment, the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[0012] The stevia extract can be isolated from leaves, branches, twigs and fruit and/or seeds of, for example, the Stevia rebaudiana plant. Typically the solid material(s) is treated with a solvent, such as water and/or an alcohol and heated so that components of the stevia plant are extracted into the solvent. From there, the extract or the components can be isolated and purified by various means known in the art. There are many ways to obtain stevia glycosides. Enzymatic and fermentation methods are included herein and should not be considered limiting for the production of stevia glycosides. The origin of the materials should also not be considered limiting. Such processes, including enzymatic and fermentation methods are also useful for mogrosides as well as sweet tea glycosides.
[0013] In another embodiment, the sweetening agent is one or more steviol glycosides, such as rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside G, rebaudioside Gl, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside FI, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside 13, rebaudioside J, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside R, rebaudioside Rl, rebaudioside S, rebaudioside U, rebaudioside V, rebaudioside V2, rebaudioside Y, as well as those listed in Table 2, or mixtures thereof.
[0014] In one embodiment, the amine reactant group (amine donor) is an amino acid, a peptide, a protein or mixtures thereof.
[0015] In another embodiment, the reaction between the sugar donor and/or a sweetening agent and amine reactant group occurs at a temperature of between about O0 C to about 1,000° C, from about 10° C to about 180° C, from about 50°C to about 180°C, more particularly about 100°C.
[0016] Generally the Maillard reaction is conducted at a pH range of from about 2 to about 14, more particularly a pH from about 7 to about 14. The Maillard reaction could occur with or without high pressure.
[0017] In one embodiment, a sugar donor, such as sucrose, glucose, fructose or galactose is added to the reaction.
[0018] The Maillard reaction products described herein can be considered flavoring agents and/or also antioxidants.
[0019] The inventors surprisingly found stevia glycosides could bind the volatiles of various flavors used in food, beverages, cosmetics, feeds and pharmaceuticals. Treated stevia glycosides by the methods disclosed herein could be widely soluble in water, water/alcohol, alcohol, and other organic solvents used for the flavor industry at different temperatures. The stevia compositions could naturally encapsulate the flavor produced during the processes described herein. Therefore, it is also excellent carrier or encapsulating material for flavors, including but not limited to flavors and spices originated from plants such as bark, flowers, fruits, leaves, animals such as concentrated meat and sea food soups etc., and their extracts such as essential oils etc. In one aspect, a processed flavor is added to a stevia solution, then dried into a powder by any method, including but not limited spray-drying, crystallization, tray drying, freeze drying etc. Thus, volatile flavors could be preserved. Normally, MRP flavors have to be maintained at low temperatures such as 10 degrees centigrade. The advantage of the present embodiments is that encapsulated flavors by stevia glycosides could be kept at room temperature or even higher temperatures without much loss of flavor. The antioxidant properties of MRPs plays an additional role of protection of the flavors. In addition, depending on desired product, specially designed compositions can enhance a foam for a specific application such as foamed/frothy coffee. In addition, an anti-foaming agent could be added together or separately during the reaction processes descried herein, such that the product could be used to prevent foaming for beverage bottling applications.
[0020] Maillard reactions create unique orthonasal and retronasal taste(s). The typically associated off-taste of stevia glycosides is either removed or masked with MRPs added to the stevia glycoside(s) and creates an overall good smell and taste of the resulting composition. MRPs increase the bitterness threshold of stevia glycosides and enhance intensity of sweetness, thus making stevia glycosides useful for sugar replacement or sugar reduction in a product. The inventors have surprisingly found the flavor of compositions herein, are the result of the process not only characterized by Maillard reaction between sugar donor and amine donor, but also is synergized by different groups of stevia glycosides with or without non-stevia glycosides substances. The volatile substances produced during the process are surprisingly retained by the stevia, including non-volatiles, so the processes described herein substantially improve both the taste and odor and consequently, improve the overall profile of stevia glycosides to be sugar-like or honey-like, chocolate, caramel, etc. The mixture of MRPs, including initial and final SGs from the Maillard reaction provide new odor and taste profiles. The initial SGs' typical undesired taste features are thus concealed by the processes and compositions described herein and are no longer recognized as low purity SGs which normally possess grassy tastes and smells. The same effect is also applicable to other sweetening agents, sweeteners such as high intensity synthetic sweetener and/or sweetener enhancers. [0021] The present embodiments also provide methods to produce caramelized stevia glycosides. This can be accomplished by heating dissolved stevia glycosides at a high temperature (from about 0°C to about 250°C) which is sufficient to cause a caramelization reaction to occur. The resultant caramelized stevia glycoside(s) can be further dried as powder or made into a syrup. This is also applicable to other sweetening agents.
[0022] The present embodiments also provide a stevia composition that includes a strong caramel aroma, popcorn, chocolate, citrus, almond, peach, honey, floral, coconut, molasses, etc.
[0023] While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. As will be apparent, the invention is capable of modifications in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the detailed descriptions are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 depicts a relationship between the intensity of floral taste to the ratio of stevia to glucose and phenylalanine mixtures.
[0025] Figure 2 depicts a relationship between the intensity of tangerine taste to the ratio of stevia to galactose and glutamic acid mixtures.
[0026] Figure 3 depicts a relationship between the intensity of peach taste to the ratio of stevia to mannose and lysine mixtures.
[0027] Figure 4 depicts a relationship between the intensity of chocolate taste to the ratio of stevia to mannose and valine mixtures.
[0028] Figure 5 depicts a relationship between the intensity of popcorn taste to the ratio of stevia to mannose and proline mixtures.
[0029] Figure 6 depicts a flow diagram for testing of mixtures of amino acids, steviol glycosides and reaction products.
[0030] Figure 7 depicts an MS-Chromatogram 1, MRP (SIM m/z=309) observed after reaction of 0.1 mMol Lys +0.1 mMol Glue in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 40 minutes.
[0031] Figure 8 depicts an MS-spectrum related to Figure 7. [0032] Figure 9 depicts an MS-Chromatogram 2, MRI (SIM m/z=309) observed after reaction of 0.1 mMol Lys +0.1 mMol Reb-A (upper lane) or 0.05 mMol Reb-B/Glu (lower lane) in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 40 minutes.
[0033] Figure 10 depicts an MS-Chromatogram 3, MRI (SIM m/z=298 observed after reaction of 3.3 mMol Phe+10 mMol Xyl in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 20 minutes.
[0034] Figure 11 depicts an MS-Spectrum related to Figure 10.
[0035] Figure 13 depicts a MS-Chromatogram (direct injection) obtained for reaction of
3.3 mMol Phe+10 mMol Glu (upper lane) or Xyl (lower lane) in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 20 minutes.
[0036] Figure 14 depicts an MS-Chromatogram (head-space injection) obtained for reaction 0.1 mMol Phe +0.1 mMol Reb-A in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 40 minutes.
[0037] Figure 15 depicts an MS-Chromatogram (head-space injection) obtained for reaction 0.1 mMol Phe +0.05 mMol Reb-B/0.05 mMol Glu in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 40 minutes.
[0038] Figure 16 depicts a chromatogram for reacted Phenylalanine and Reb-A, Upper
Lane MS (SIM 1146), lower lane UV=205.
[0039] Figure 17 depicts a mass spectrum of Reb-A (m/z 985=M+H20+H]+).
[0040] Figure 18 depicts a mass spectrum of Reb-B (m/z 823=[M-162+H20+H]+).
[0041] Figure 19 depicts a mass spectrum of Reb-A MRP (m/z 1146=Reb-A+Phenylalanin
(Schiff's Base)+H+H20]+) with proposed m/z 1146=[M+H20+H]+, m/z 1000=[M+H20+H- 164+H20]+ indicating loss of Phe and addition of one molecule H20, m/z 582=[2M-H20]+.
[0042] Figure 20 depicts a chromatogram of the reaction Phe+Glucuronic Acid (SIM mode). Upper Lane: m/z=166 (Phe), m/z=328 (MRI Phe+Glucose), m/z = 343.2 (Phe+Glucuronic Acid).
[0043] Figure 21 depicts a chromatogram of the reaction of Phe+Glucose+Glucuronic
Acid (SIM mode). Upper Lane: m/z=166 (Phe), m/z=328 (MRI Phe+Glucose), m/z = 343.2 (Phe+Glucuronic Acid). [0044] Figure 22 depicts a chromatogram of the reaction Phe+Glucuronolactone (SIM mode). Upper Lane: m/z=166 (Phe), m/z=328 (MRI Phe+Glucose), m/z = 343.2 (Phe+ Glucuronolactone).
[0045] Figure 23 depicts a chromatogram of the reaction of
Phe+Glucose+Glucuronolactone (SIM mode). Upper Lane: m/z=166 (Phe), m/z=328 (MRI Phe+Glucose), m/z = 343.2 (Phe+ Glucuronolactone).
[0046] Figure 24 depicts a chromatogram of unreacted reactants, Glucuronic Acid (SIM mode). Upper Lane Glucuronic Acid, medium lane lower Phe+Glucuronic Acid, lower lane Phe+Glu+Glucuronic Acid.
[0047] Figure 25 depicts a chromatogram of unreacted reactants Glucuronolactone (SIM mode). Upper Lane Glucuronolactone, medium lane lower Phe+ Glucuronolactone, lower lane Phe+Glu+ Glucuronolactone.
[0048] Figure 26 depicts a chromatogram of Ala+ SG Fraction No.1-1, upper lane MS-
TIC, lower lane m/z=319 (selective for SGs).
[0049] Figure 27 depicts a chromatogram of Phe+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, upper lane MS- trace, lower lane UV=254 nm).
[0050] Figure 28 depicts a chromatogram of Lys+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, upper lane MS- trace, lower lane UV=254 nm).
[0051] Figure 29 depicts a chromatogram of Phe+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, m/z=1146
(SIM) indicative for MRI Phe+SG (SG mr=966).
[0052] Figure 30 depicts chromatogram of Ala+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, m/z=274 (SIM) indicative for MRI Ala+Glu (M+Na+).
[0053] Figure 31 depicts a chromatogram of Lys+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, m/z=969 (SIM) indicative for MRI Lys+SG (SG mr=804, [M+H2O+H]).
[0054] Figure 32 depicts a chromatogram of a sugar degradation product and MS spectrum with corresponding m/z values. Upper lane Phe+ SG Fraction No.1-1, medium lane Ala+ SG Fraction No.1-1, lower lane Lys+ SG Fraction No.1-1.
[0055] Figure 33 depicts a chromatogram (UV/VIS=254 nm), upper lane starting concentration of phenylalanine, lower lane end concentration of phenylalanine. [0056] Figure 34 depicts the decay of phenylalanine at 120 °C over time.
[0057] Figure 35 depicts a chromatogram (MS/SIM m/z=175 [M+Na]+), upper lane starting concentration of glucose, lower lane end concentration of glucose.
[0058] Figure 36 depicts the decay of glucose at 120 °C over time.
[0059] Figure 37 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of X&P mixture to stevia extract.
[0060] Figure 38 depicts relationship between the Overall-likeability score to the ratio of X&P mixture to stevia extract.
[0061] Figure 39 depicts the comparison between the products of EX39-1 and EX39-2.
[0062] Figure 40 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract.
[0063] Figure 41 depicts the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract.
[0064] Figure 42 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of G&P mixture to stevia extract.
[0065] Figure 43 depicts the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of G&P mixture to stevia extract.
[0066] Figure 44 depicts the comparison between the products of EX43-3 and EX43-4.
[0067] Figure 45 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of R&V mixture to stevia extract.
[0068] Figure 46 depicts the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of R&V mixture to stevia extract.
[0069] Figure 47 depicts the comparison between the products of EX45-1 and EX45-2.
[0070] Figure 48 depicts the comparison between the products of EX46-1 and EX46-2.
[0071] Figure 49 shows active iron-ill reduction of combinations of amino acids and
Reb-A.
[0072] Figure 50 shows radical scavenging properties of combinations of amino acids and Reb-A. [0073] Figure 51 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine.
[0074] Figure 52 shows the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine.
[0075] Figure 53 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to coffee sweetened with sugar, RA60/SG95 or with Flora MRP.
[0076] Figure 54 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to Red Bull sugar free with thaumatin or thaumatin and Flora MRP.
[0077] Figure 55 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to Monster Energy drink with thaumatin or thaumatin and Flora MRP.
[0078] Figure 56 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to Starbucks vanilla
Frappuccino with thaumatin or thaumatin and Flora MRP.
[0079] Figure 57 shows the sensory evaluation with respect to Starbuck caramel
Frappuccino with thaumatin or thaumatin and caramel MRP.
[0080] Figure 58 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of phenylalanine to xylose of example 72.
[0081] Figure 59 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of phenylalanine to xylose of example 72.
[0082] Figure 60 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and phenylalanine of example 73.
[0083] Figure 61 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and phenylalanine of example 73.
[0084] Figure 62 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of proline to rhamnose of example 74.
[0085] Figure 63 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of proline to rhamnose of example 74.
[0086] Figure 64 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of proline and rhamnose of example 75. [0087] Figure 65 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of proline and rhamnose of example 75.
[0088] Figure 66 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of alanine to xylose of example 76.
[0089] Figure 67 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of alanine to xylose of example 76.
[0090] Figure 68 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of alanine and xylose of example 77.
[0091] Figure 69 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of alanine and xylose of example 77.
[0092] Figure 70 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RA of example 88.
[0093] Figure 71 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RA of example 88.
[0094] Figure 72 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RA of example 89.
[0095] Figure 73 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RA of example 89.
[0096] Figure 74 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RA of example 90.
[0097] Figure 75 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RA of example 90.
[0098] Figure 76 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to MRP-FL of example 91.
[0099] Figure 77 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to MRP-FL of example 91.
[00100] Figure 78 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to S-MRP-FL of example 92. [00101] Figure 79 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to S-MRP-FL of example 92.
[00102] Figure 80 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to TS-MRP-FL of example 93.
[00103] Figure 81 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to TS-MRP-FL of example 93.
[00104] Figure 82 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to MRP-FL of example 94.
[00105] Figure 83 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RD to MRP-FL of example 94.
[00106] Figure 84 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to S-MRP-FL of example 95.
[00107] Figure 85 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RD to S-MRP-FL of example 95.
[00108] Figure 86 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to TS-MRP-FL of example 96.
[00109] Figure 87 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RD to TS-MRP-FL of example 96.
[00110] Figure 88 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to MRP-CA of example 97.
[00111] Figure 89 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to MRP-CA of example 97.
[00112] Figure 90 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to S-MRP-CA of example 98.
[00113] Figure 91 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to S-MRP-CA of example 98.
[00114] Figure 92 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to TS-MRP-CA of example 99. [00115] Figure 93 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to TS-MRP-CA of example 99.
[00116] Figure 94 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 100.
[00117] Figure 95 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 100.
[00118] Figure 96 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 101.
[00119] Figure 97 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 101.
[00120] Figure 98 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 102.
[00121] Figure 99 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:l) of example 102.
[00122] Figure 100 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 103.
[00123] Figure 101 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 103.
[00124] Figure 102 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 104.
[00125] Figure 103 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 104.
[00126] Figure 104 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 105.
[00127] Figure 105 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) of example 105.
IB [00128] Figure 106 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 106.
[00129] Figure 107 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 106.
[00130] Figure 108 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 107.
[00131] Figure 109 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 107.
[00132] Figure 110 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH toRD+RM (1:9) of example 108.
[00133] Figure 111 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) of example 108.
[00134] Figure 112 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RU of example 109.
[00135] Figure 113 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RU of example 109.
[00136] Figure 114 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CA to RU of example 110.
[00137] Figure 115 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CA to RU of example 110.
[00138] Figure 116 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RU of example 111.
[00139] Figure 117 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RU of example 111.
[00140] Figure 118 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-FL of example 112.
[00141] Figure 119 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-FL of example 112. [00142] Figure 120 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-FL of example 113.
[00143] Figure 121 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-FL of example 113.
[00144] Figure 122 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-FL of example 114.
[00145] Figure 123 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-FL of example 114.
[00146] Figure 124 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CA of example 115.
[00147] Figure 125 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CA of example 115.
[00148] Figure 126 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CA of example 116.
[00149] Figure 127 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CA of example 116.
[00150] Figure 128 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CA of example 117.
[00151] Figure 129 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CA of example 117.
[00152] Figure 130 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to MRP-CH of example 118.
[00153] Figure 131 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to MRP-CH of example 118.
[00154] Figure 132 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to S-MRP-CH of example 119.
[00155] Figure 133 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to S-MRP-CH of example 119. [00156] Figure 134 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to TS-MRP-CH of example 120.
[00157] Figure 135 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose, aspartame to TS-MRP-CH of example 120.
[00158] Figure 136 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to MRP-CA of example 121.
[00159] Figure 137 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to MRP-CA of example 121.
[00160] Figure 138 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to S-MRP-CA of example 122.
[00161] Figure 139 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to S-MRP-CA of example 122.
[00162] Figure 140 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to TS-MRP-CA of example 123.
[00163] Figure 141 shows the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to TS-MRP-CA of example 123.
[00164] Figure 142 shows the label of Heinz Ketchup Classic.
[00165] Figure 143 shows the label of Heinz Ketchup 50% reduced sugar & salt.
[00166] Figure 144a shows TIC of the Stevia.
[00167] Figure 144b shows TIC of the standard MRPs.
[00168] Figure 144c shows TIC of the Citrus MRPs.
[00169] Figure 145a shows the molecular structure of (-)-Limonene.
[00170] Figure 145b shows the molecular structure of Nerol.
[00171] Figure 145c shows the molecular structure of Bergamot.
[00172] Figure 145d shows the molecular structure of Aromadendrene Oxide.
[00173] Figure 145e shows the molecular structure of b-Calacorene
[00174] Figure 145f shows the molecular structure of lonone.
[00175] Figures 146a through 146j shows sensory analysis results for tests in final applications. [00176] Figures 147a and 147b show the results of SG-MRPs flavor threshold determination.
[00177] Figures 148a through 148d show the HPLC chromatograms of the samples as tested.
[00178] Figures 149a, 149b and 149c show ESI--MS spectra of 3 peaks related to the stevia extract of example 36, sample A and sample B (9.8, 10.8 and 12.3 minutes)
[00179] Figures 150a, 150b and 50 show UV-VIS spectra of 2 peaks related to the stevia extract from example 36, sample A and sample B (9.8, 10.8 and 12.3 minutes).
[00180] Figure 151 upper panel depicts Rebaudioside A after reaction with phenylalanine (pH= 7.2, Temp= 120 °C, t= 2 h). Middle panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Reb-A (m/z=965). Lower panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Phe+Reb-A (m/z=1113).
[00181] Figure 152 upper panel depicts Rebaudioside A after reaction with tyrosine (pH= 7.2, Temp= 120 °C, t= 2 h). Middle panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Reb-A (m/z=965). Lower panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Tyr+Reb-A (m/z=1094).
[00182] Figure 153 upper panel depicts Rebaudioside A after reaction with leucine (pH= 7.2, Temp= 120 °C, t= 2 h. Middle panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Reb-A (m/z=965). Lower panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Leu+Reb-A (m/z=1079).
[00183] Figure 154 upper panel depicts Rebaudioside A after reaction with asparagine (pH= 7.2, Temp= 120 °C, t= 2 h). Middle panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Reb-A (m/z=965). Lower panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Asn+Reb-A (m/z=1080).
[00184] Figure 155 upper panel depicts Rebaudioside A after reaction with tryptophane (pH= 7.2, Temp= 120 °C, t= 2 h). Middle panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Reb-A (m/z=965). Lower panel spectrum shows expected m/z for Trp+Reb-A (m/z=1080).
[00185] Figure 156 demonstratese the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-FL.
[00186] Figure 157 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-FL.
[00187] Figure 158 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CH. [00188] Figure 159 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CH.
[00189] Figure 160 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CI.
[00190] Figure 161 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CI.
[00191] Figure 162 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-FL.
[00192] Figure 163 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-FL.
[00193] Figure 164 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CH.
[00194] Figure 165 demontrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CH.
[00195] Figure 166 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CI.
[00196] Figure 167 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CI.
[00197] Figure 168 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-FL.
[00198] Figure 169 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-FL.
[00199] Figure 170 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CH.
[00200] Figure 171 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CH.
[00201] Figure 172 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CI. [00202] Figure 173 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CI.
[00203] Figure 174 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CH.
[00204] Figure 175 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CH.
[00205] Figure 176 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CA.
[00206] Figure 177 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CA.
[00207] Figure 178 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CI.
[00208] Figure 179 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CI.
[00209] Figure 180 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CH.
[00210] Figure 181 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CH.
[00211] Figure 182 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CA.
[00212] Figure 183 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CA.
[00213] Figure 184 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CI.
[00214] Figure 185 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CI.
[00215] Figure 186 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CH. [00216] Figure 187 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CH.
[00217] Figure 188 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CA.
[00218] Figure 189 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CA.
[00219] Figure 190 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CI.
[00220] Figure 191 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CI.
[00221] Figure 192 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RU.
[00222] Figure 193 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RU.
[00223] Figure 194 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RU.
[00224] Figure 195 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RU.
[00225] Figure 196 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CI to RU.
[00226] Figure 197 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CI to RU.
[00227] Figure 198 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RU.
[00228] Figure 199 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RU.
[00229] Figure 200 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-FL to RU. [00230] Figure 201 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-FL to RU.
[00231] Figure 202 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CI to RU.
[00232] Figure 203 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CI to RU.
[00233] Figure 204 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RU
[00234] Figure 205 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RU.
[00235] Figure 206 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RU.
[00236] Figure 207 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RU.
[00237] Figure 208 demonstrates the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CI to RU.
[00238] Figure 209 demonstrates the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CI to RU.
[00239] Figure 210 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
[00240] Figure 211 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
[00241] Figure 212 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time.
[00242] Figure 213 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (mouth feel).
[00243] Figure 214 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (flavor intensity). [00244] Figure 215 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
[00245] Figure 216 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time.
[00246] Figure 217 represents graphically a citrus beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (mouth feel).
[00247] Figure 218 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
[00248] Figure 219 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
[00249] Figure 220 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time.
[00250] Figure 221 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 2-4°C over a period of time (mouth feel).
[00251] Figure 222 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
[00252] Figure 223 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (flavor intensity).
[00253] Figure 224 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time.
[00254] Figure 225 represents graphically a cola beverage with a stevia derived MRP stored at 20-22°C over a period of time (mouth feel).
[00255] Figure 226 depicts the sweetness, flavor and mouth feel profiles of samples of low fat vanilla yogurt (LFVY) with stevia MRPs.
[00256] Figure 227 depicts the sweetness, flavor and mouth feel profiles of samples of low fat vanilla yogurt (LFVY) with stevia MRPs and thaumatin.
[00257] Figure 228 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RA90/RD7+RM (1:9). [00258] Figure 229 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RA90/RD7+RM(1:9).
[00259] Figure 230 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA90/RD7+RM (5:5).
[00260] Figure 231 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA90/RD7+RM (5:5).
[00261] Figure 232 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RA90/RD7+RM (9:1).
[00262] Figure 233 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RA90/RD7+RM (9:1).
[00263] Figure 234 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (1:9).
[00264] Figure 235 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (1:9).
[00265] Figure 236 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (5:5).
[00266] Figure 237 depicts the elationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (5:5).
[00267] Figure 238 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (9:1).
[00268] Figure 239 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (9:1).
[00269] Figure 240 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA50-FL to RA99.
[00270] Figure 241 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA50-FL to RA99.
[00271] Figure 242 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA80-CA to RD+RM (1:3). [00272] Figure 243 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA80-CA to RD+RM (1:3).
[00273] Figure 244 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA95-PC to mogroside V50.
[00274] Figure 245 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-GRA95-PC to mogroside V50.
[00275] Figure 246 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA50-FL to aspartame.
[00276] Figure 247 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA50-FL to aspartame.
[00277] Figure 248 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA80-CA to sucralose.
[00278] Figure 249 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA80-CA to sucralose.
[00279] Figure 250 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA95-PC to Acesulfame potassium.
[00280] Figure 251 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-GRA95-PC to Acesulfame potassium.
[00281] Figure 252 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-FL to RM.
[00282] Figure 253 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-FL to RM.
[00283] Figure 254 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-CA to sucralose.
[00284] Figure 255 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-CA to sucralose.
[00285] Figure 256 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to Advantame. [00286] Figure 257 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to Advantame.
[00287] Figure 258 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to Advantame.
[00288] Figure 259 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to Advantame.
[00289] Figure 260 depicts the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to Advantame.
[00290] Figure 261 depicts the relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to Advantame.
[00291] Figure 262 depicts the GC/MS spectra of standard MRP-CI.
[00292] Figure 263 depicts the GC/MS spectra of CSE.
[00293] Figure 264 depicts the GC/MS spectra of RCSE.
[00294] Figure 265 depicts the GC/MS spectra of RCSE-MRP-CI.
[00295] Figure 266 depicts a graphical representation of the time/intensity profile of NHDC and Thumatin and combinations thereof.
[00296] Figure 267 depicts a graphical representation of sweetness intensity and mouth- feel of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs.
[00297] Figure 268 depicts a graphical representation of time/intensity profile of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs.
[00298] Figure 269 depicts a graphical representation of time/intensity profile of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs.
[00299] Figure 270 depicts a graphical representation of the sweetness intensity, lingering and mouth-feel of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs/EPCalin.
[00300] Figure 271 depicts a graphical representation of the time/intensity profile of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs/EPCalin. [00301] Figure 272 depicts a graphical description of a Summary View of the sweetness time/intensity profile of the stevia-derived MRP samples with thaumatin in place of an amino acid.
[00302] Figure 273 depicts a graphical description of the sweetness time/intensity profile of the stevia-derived MRP samples with thaumatin in place of an amino acid for selected heating times.
[00303] Figure 274 depicts a graphical description of the sweetness time/intensity profile of the stevia-derived MRP samples with thaumatin in place of an amino acid for selected heating times.
[00304] Figure 275 depicts a graphical description of the sensory test results for the flavor (odor) of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/Zo) with increased heating time.
[00305] Figure 276 depicts a graphical description of the sensory test results for the flavor (odor) of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/Zo) with increased heating times.
[00306] Figure 277 depicts a graphical description of sensory test results for the taste of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/Zo) with increased heating time.
[00307] Figure 278 depicts a graphical description of sensory test results for the taste of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/Zo) with increased heating times.
[00308] Figure 279 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
[00309] Figure 280 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
[00310] Figure 281 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
[00311] Figure 282 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
[00312] Figure 283 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
[00313] Figure 284 depicts a comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness. [00314] Figure 285 depicts a graphical representation of sensory test results for varying ratios of lysine:fructose.
[00315] Figure 286 depicts a graphical respresntation of sensory test results for varying ratios of SGA (Combination of GSGs and SGs) added to fixed ratio of lysine/fructose.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00316] In the specification and in the claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are open-ended terms and should be interpreted to mean "including, but not limited to. . . . " These terms encompass the more restrictive terms "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of."
[00317] It should also be understood that the terms "comprise", "comprises" and "comprising" is also intended to include the understanding that one or more of a group of agents, and mixtures or combinations thereof, are included in the opened ended phrases "comprise", "comprises" and "comprising".
[00318] It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As well, the terms "a" (or "an"), "one or more" and "at least one" can be used interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted that the terms "comprising", "including", "characterized by" and "having" can be used interchangeably.
[00319] Flavor can be defined as a "complex combination of the olfactory, gustatory and trigeminal sensations perceived during tasting. The flavor can be influenced by tactile, thermal, painful and/or kinaesthetic effects". However the exact mechanisms that lead to our perception of flavor have not yet been elucidated, due to different reasons: i) flavor perception involves a wide range of stimuli, ii) the chemical compounds and food structures that activate the flavor sensors change as food is eaten, iii) the individual modalities interact in a complex way. There is a need first to identify not only the stimuli involved in flavor perception which includes taste and aroma modalities, but also the other senses which can affect flavor perception, such as irritation, temperature, color, texture, and sound. It has been shown, for example, that irritants do interact with the perception of both tastes and smells inhibiting their perceived intensity and that some taste and odor compounds contain an irritating component. Temperature has an impact on taste perception through the triggering of cascade reactions in receptors. In the case of color, learned color - taste associations influence perceived taste. All these sensations experienced while eating are crucial and should have a tremendous impact on whether foods will be accepted or rejected. Moreover, one has also to take into account the influence of the associations between flavor experiences and feelings of contentment or well being on the overall acceptability of the product.
[00320] The Maillard Reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction of reducing sugars and amino acids in the presence of heat which produces flavor. Common flavors produced as a result of the Maillard Reaction include red meat, poultry, coffee, vegetables, bread crust, sweetness and roasted notes. A Maillard reaction relies mainly on sugars and amino acids but it can also contain other ingredients including: autolyzed yeast extracts (AYE), hydrolyzed vegetable proteins (HVP), gelatin (protein source), vegetable extracts (i.e. onion powder), enzyme treated proteins, meat fats or extracts and acids or bases to adjust the pH of the reaction. The reaction can be in an aqueous environment with an adjusted pH at specific temperatures (typically 100°C) for a specified amount of time (typically 15 mins) to produce a variety of flavors. Typical flavors yielded are chicken, pork, beef, caramel, and chocolate. However, a wide variety of nuances and intensities can be achieved by adjusting the ingredients, the temperature and/or the pH of the reaction. The main advantage of the reaction flavor is that it can produce characteristic meat, burnt, roasted, caramellic, or chocolate profiles desired by the food industry, which are not typically achievable by using compounding of flavor ingredients.
[00321] Reducing groups can be found on reducing sugars (sugar donors) and amino groups can be found on amino donors such as free amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Initially, a reactive carbonyl group of a reducing sugar condenses with a free amino group, with a concomitant loss of a water molecule. The resultant N-substituted glycoaldosylamine is not stable. The aldosylamine compound rearranges, through an Amadori rearrangement, to form a ketosamine. Ketosamines that are so-formed may further react through any of the following three pathways: (a) further dehydration to form reductones and dehydroreductones; (b) hydrolytic fission to form short chain products, such as diacetyl, acetol, pyruvaldehyde, and the like, which can, in turn, undergo Strecker degradation with additional amino groups to form aldehydes, and condensation, to form aldols; and (c) loss of water molecules, followed by reaction with additional amino groups and water, followed by condensation and/or polymerization into melanoids. Factors that affect the rate and/or extent of Maillard reactions include among others the temperature, water activity, and pH. The Maillard reaction is enhanced by high temperature, low moisture levels, and alkaline pH.
[00322] Maillard reaction technology is used by the flavor industry for the production of so-called process or reaction flavors. Process flavors are complex aroma building blocks, which provide similar aroma and taste properties as thermally treated foodstuffs such as cooked meat, chocolate, coffee, caramel, popcorn and bread. Additionally, they can be combined with other flavor ingredients to impart flavor enhancement and/or specific flavor notes in the applications in which they are used. However, such technology currently is mainly used for producing meat flavor and spiciness to enhance the taste of food. It is seldom considered as a tool to improve taste for the beverage industry.
[00323] In the Maillard reaction, suitable carbonyl containing reactants include those that comprise a reactive aldehyde (--CHO) or keto (--CO--) group, e.g., a reactant with a free or available carbonyl group, such that the carbonyl group is available to react with an amino group associated with the reactant. In certain embodiments, the reducing reactant is a reducing sugar, e.g., a sugar that can reduce a test reagent, e.g., can reduce Cu2+ to Cu+, or can be oxidized by such reagents. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (e.g., dextrins, starches, and edible gums) and their hydrolysis products are suitable reducing reactants if they have at least one reducing group that can participate in a Maillard reaction. Reducing sugars include aldoses or ketoses such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, arabinose, xylose, ribose, mannose, erythrose, threose, and galactose. Other reducing reactants include uronic acids (e.g., glucuronic acid, glucuronolactone, and galacturonic acid, mannuronic acid, iduronic acid) or Maillard reaction intermediates bearing at least one carbonyl group such as aldehydes, ketones, alpha- hydroxycarbonyl or dicarbonyl compounds.
[00324] Reducing sugars (sugar donor) are derived from various sources. For example, a sugar syrup extracted from a natural source, for instance, fruit juice such as grape juice, apple juice etc, vegetable juice such as onion etc. could be used as sugar donor. Such syrup includes any type of juices regardless whether there is any ingredient being isolated from juice, such as purified apple juice with trace amount of malic acid etc. The juice could be in form of liquid, paste or solid. One embodiment of MRPs composition comprises a sugar syrup as a sugar donor, wherein sugar syrup is fruit juice, and or vegetable juice.
[00325] A reducing sugar can be extracted from a natural source. It could be extracted from stevia, sweet tea, luohanguo, etc. after isolation of high intensity sweetening agents described herein (containing non-reducing sugars) from crude extracts and mixtures thereof. One embodiment comprises one or more reducing-sugar(s) contained in a syrup that is extracted from stevia, sweet tea or monk fruit and other fruits, such as apples, pears, cherries, etc. One embodiment provides a method to produce MRP compositions by including a reducing sugar from a natural source.
[00326] Natural sugar syrup such as Monk fruit syrup, apple concentrate etc. could be used as sweeteners. An embodiment of composition comprises one or more compounds selected from MRPs, sweetening agent and, thaumatin, and a sweetener, wherein a sweetener is one or more selected from date paste, apple juice concentrate, monk fruit concentrate, sugar beet syrup, pear juice or puree concentrate, apricot juice concentrate. An embodiment of MRPs composition, wherein natural fruit, root, berries juices are used as sugar donor.
[00327] Thickeners such as Gum Arabic can be hydrolysed with an organic acid or by enzyme hydrolysis to produce a mixture containing a rabinose. Arabinose could also be obtained from other wood-based or biomass hydrolysate. It is also possible to obtain xylose syrup from natural sources, such as xylan-rich portion of hemicellulose, Mannose syrup from ivory nut. All these types of syrup could be used as sugar donor in this invention. One embodiment includes these types of syrups as a sugar donor for a Maillard reaction.
[00328] Stevia glycosides are not regarded as providing sugar donor, however, the inventors surprisingly found that stevia glycosides could react with amine donors directly in some condition, and or stevia glycosides could be degraded to create reducing sugar which could react with amine donors. Therefore, the inventors found substances with glycosides group could be acting as sugar donors to have Maillard reaction with amine donors. An
BO embodiment of a composition comprises MRPs, where the sugar donor is one or more substance with glycosides group. An embodiment of a composition comprises sweeting agent reacted Maillard substances.
[00329] With respect to flavor generation, the Maillard reaction can be broken down into four stages. The first stage involves the formation of glycosylamines. The second stage involves rearrangement of the glycosylamines to form Amadori and Heyns rearrangement products (often abbreviated in the literature to "ARPs" and "HRPs", respectively). The third stage involves dehydration and or fission of the Amadori and Heyns rearrangement products to furan derivatives, reductones and other carbonyl compounds (which may have significant organoleptic qualities). These "third stage products" may also be produced without the formation of ARP's or HRP's. The fourth stage involves the conversion of these furan derivatives, reductones and other carbonyl compounds into colored and aroma/flavor compounds. Thus, products and reactants present in both the third and fourth stage of the Maillard reaction contribute towards aroma and or flavor. One embodiment includes compositions that comprise one or more products from any of these Maillard reaction stages which provide intermediates in the Maillard reaction.
[00330] Generally, Maillard reaction products can be classified into four groups depending on their aroma type, chemical structure, molecular shape and processing parameters. These include, but are not limited to:
[00331] Nitrogen heterocyclics-pyrazines, pyrroles, pyridines, alkyl-and acetyl-substituted saturated N-heterocyclics. These compounds are responsible for corny, nutty, roasted and breadlike odors.
[00332] Cylic enolones of maltol or isomaltol, dehydrofuranones, dehydropyrones, cyclopentenolones are responsible for typically caramel like odors.
[00333] Polycarbonyls- 2-furaldehydes, 2-pyrrole aldehydes, C3-C6 methyl ketones and monocarbonyls.
[00334] Maillard reaction products (MRPs) include but are not limited to, for example, pyrazines, pyrroles, alkyl pyridines, acyl pyridines, furanones, furans, oxazoles, melanoidins, and thiophenes. Such MRPs impart flavors such as nutty, fruity, caramel, meaty, or combinations thereof.
[00335] For example, pyrazines provide cooked, roasted and or toasted flavors. Pyrroles provide cereal-like or nutty flavors. Alkylpyridines provide bitter, burnt or astringent flavors. Acylpyridines provide cracker-like or cereal flavors. Furanones provide sweet, caramel or burnt flavors. Furans provide meaty, burnt, or caramel-like flavors. Oxazoles provide green, nutty or sweet flavors. Thiophenes provide meaty or roasted flavors.
[00336] There are many thousands if not millions of Maillard reaction products due to the nature of the reaction conditions, the choice of sugar donor(s) and the choice of amine donor(s). Thus, there is no complete listing of all possible Maillard reaction products available, especially for the newly discovered Maillard type reaction products from the sweetening agents described herein. One embodiment of the compositions herein comprises one or more Maillard reaction products.
[00337] Exemplary known Maillard reaction products include, but are not limited to, acyclic products including methional, phenylacetylaldehyde, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, (E)-2- ((methylthio)methyl)but-2-enal glyoxal, butanedione, pyruvaldehyde, prop-2-ene-l,l- diylbis(methylsulfane), glyceraldehyde, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, acetoin and glycoladehyde.
[00338] Exemplary cyclic Maillard reaction product include, but are not limited to, cyclic products including 3,5,6-trimethyhlpyrazin-2(lH)-one, 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2-
(methylthio)ethyl)oxazole and l-(3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-4-yl)ethan-l-one.
[00339] Exemplary heterocyclic products of Maillard reactions include, but are not limited to, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (5-hydroxymethyl furfural), 3-hydroxy-2- methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 2-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-thiophenone, l-(2, (3-dihydro-lH- pyrrolizin-5-yl)ethan-l-one, l-(3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-4-yl)ethan-l-one, 3,5,6- trimethylpyrazin-2(l H)-one and 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)oxazole.
[00340] Another known Maillard pyrazine reaction product is 3, 5, 6-trimethylpyrazin- 2(lH)-one.
[00341] Other Maillard reaction products, the melanoidins, are poorly characterized but generally have the following physical properties including: Masses identified from 1 kda to >24 kda; Oligomers of heterocyclic compounds and/or sugar fragments; 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spec and IR have determined presence of pyridines, pyrazines, pyrroles and imidazoles; Oligomers from 14 to >30 identified; and Normally 3-4% nitrogen is present in the molecule.
[00342] For Maillard reaction products, see for example, Hodge, J. E., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry\ 1953, 1(15), 928-43; Ho, C.-T., Thermal Generation of Maillard Aromas. In The Maillard Reaction Consequences for the Chemical and Life Sciences, Ikan, R. Ed; Wiley: New York, 1996, pp 28; Vernin, G. and Parkanyi, C, Mechanisms for the formation of heterocyclic compounds in Maillard and pyrolysis reactions, in The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Flavoring and Aroma Compounds, Vernin, G. Ed; Ellis Horwood Publishers, Chichester, 1982, pp 151- 207; C.K. Shu and B.M. Lawrence, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1995, 43(3), 779-781; Vernin, G. and Parkanyi, C., Mechanisms for the formation of heterocyclic compounds in Maillard and pyrolysis reactions, in The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Flavoring and Aroma Compounds, Vernin, G. Ed; Ellis Horwood Publishers, Chicester, 1982, pp 151-207; Tressel, R., Helak, B., Rewicki, D., Kampershroer, H., Martin, N., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 919-23; Tressel, R., Grunewald, K. G., Helak, B., Formation of flavor components from proline and hydroxyproline with glucose and maltose and their importance to food flavor, in Flavour '81, Screier, P. Ed., Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1981, pp 397-416; Nursten, H., The Maillard Reaction Chemistry, Biochemistry and Implications; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2005; Benzing-Purdie L., Ripmeester J. A., and Ratcliffe. C. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 37-33; Lund, M and Colin, R. "Control of Maillard Reactions in Foods: Strategies and Chemical Mechanisms", J. Agric. Food Chem., 2017, 65, 4537-4552; Karangwa, E., Murekatet, N. et al. "Contribution of crosslinking products in the flavor enhanced processing: the new concept of Maillard peptite in sensory characteristics of Maillar reaction systems," J. Food Sci. Technol. 2016, 53(6): 2863-2875; Unravelling the Maillard reaction network by multiresponse kinetic modelling by Sara Isabel da Fonseca Selgas Martins, Ph.D. Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, ISBN : 90-5808-823-5 (2003); Golon, A., Kropf, C. et al. "An Investigation of the Complexity of Maillard Reaction Product Profiles from the Thermal Reaction of Amino Acids with Sucrose Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometery," Foods 2014, 3, 461-475; Cui, H., Jia, C., et al. "Controlled formation of flavor compounds by preparation and application of Maillard reaction intermediate (MRI) derived from xylose and phenyalanine," RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 45442; Tamanna, N. and Mahmood, N. "Food Processing and Maillard Reaction Products: Effect on Human Health and Nutrition," International Journal of Food Science, 2015, Article ID 526762; and those Maillard Reaction Products commercially available from Iris Biotech GmBH, Germany, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Maillard Reaction flavors are also called process flavors. The ingredients for reaction or process flavors can include (a) a protein nitrogen source, (b) a carbonhydrate source, (c) a fat or fatty acid source and (d) other ingredients including herbs and spices; sodium chloride; polysiloxane acids; bases and salts such as PH regulators; water; the salts and acid forms of thiamine, ascorbic, citric, lactic, inosinic acid and guanylic acids; esters or amino acids; inositol; sodium and ammonium sulfides and hydrosulfides; diacetyl and lecithin.
[00343] The Maillard reactions described herein can be advantageously controlled to have only 1st or the 2nd reaction steps in the overall process if necessary. In one embodiment, the composition(s) would include the product(s) of the first step or from the second step.
[00344] It should be understood that throughout the specification that the term "Maillard" reaction is used unconventionally with non-reducing sugars such as sweetening agents disclosed herein, e.g., sweet tea extracts (Rubus Suavissimus S. Lee (Rosaceae) providing, for example rubusoside and suaviosides which are kaurane-type diterpene glycosides including suaviosides B, G, H, I and J), stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extracts), glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated stevia extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, glycyrrhizine, glycosylated glycyrrhizinse or mixtures thereof could undergo a Maillard type reaction to provide MRPs like substances and/or caramelization to provide CRPs like substances even thought a ketone or aldehyde is not present in the sweetening agent. Not to be limited by theory, it is believed that an amine reacts with the non-reducing sugar component to provide new previously unknown compound(s). As such compositions include products preparable (or obtainable) by the reaction of an amine with a non-reducing sugar, for example, a steviol glycoside, sweet tea extract(s), glycosylated stevia extracts, etc., noted as sweetening agents herein.
[00345] The Maillard reaction referred to herein includes Maillard reaction products from conventional reducing sugar sweeteners as well as unconventional non-reducing sweetening agents as described herein. It should be understood that Maillard reaction products can include the reaction products from reducing sugars and/or non-reducing sweetening agents and/or amine(s) and/or components from extracts, syrups, plants, etc. that are the source of the reducing sugar(s) and/or the non-reducing sweetening agent(s). Other ingredients, such as high intensity synthetic sweeteners and/or sweetening agents can be included.
[00346] The embodiments described herein with the Maillard reaction products, either conventional Maillard reaction products or non-conventional Maillard reaction products derived from non-reducing sugars described herein, e.g., sweetening agents including for example, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, mogrosides, glycosylated mogrosides, etc., alone or in combinations, provide the ability to eliminate, decrease or mask undesireable after taste(s), licorice taste, metallic taste and/or bitterness associated with stevia extracts or associated with food or beverage products that have such characteristics.
[00347] The present embodiments described herein also provide the advantages of kokumi. Kokumi is Japanese for "rich taste." Kokumi is a taste sensation best known for the hearty, long finish it provides to a flavor. Kokumi also provides a mouthful punch at initial taste, and lends an overall balance and richness to foods, like umami, kokumi heightens the sensation of other flavors. Therefore, kokumi helps developers respond to consumer demands for healthier products, by allowing a reduction of sodium, sugar, oil, fat or MSG content without sacrificing taste. One embodiment provides a method to produce Kokumi flavor by use of the Maillard reaction products described herein.
[00348] The term "kokumi" is used for flavors that cannot be represented by any of the five basic taste qualities. Kokumi can be classified into four profiles, namely thickness, continuity, mouthfulness and harmony of taste as well as long-lastingness. Compounds with kokumi properties (such as peptides) increase the perception of other tastes, especially saltiness and umami; as such, with the same amount of salt, a food rich in these kokumi compounds will be perceived as saltier and more flavorful.
[00349] One of the key performance characteristics of the Maillard reaction compositions described herein is that compositions have improved the taste like Kokumi. The compositions provided herein have a mouthful punch at initial quick on site sweet, and overall balance and richness, which make the sweetening agents more sugar-like and overcome the disadvantages of the sweetening agents having slow onset, void, bitterness, lingering, aftertaste etc.
[00350] In addition to the Maillard reaction products, caramelization can occur with the compositions disclosed herein. Caramelization may sometimes cause browning in which the Maillard reaction(s) occurs, but the two processes are distinct. They both are promoted by heating, but the Maillard reaction involves amino acids, as discussed above, whereas caramelization is the pyrolysis of certain sugars. Such pyrolyzed materials are referred to caramelization reaction products (CRPs). CRPs are also included within the scope of the present embodiments. Sweetening agents are generally regarded as materials that could not undergo carmelization. However, surprisingly, the inventors have found that the sweetening agents described herein, such as stevia glycosides, monk fruit, etc., are able to undergo a Maillard like reaction even without a free carbonyl group. Embodiments disclosed herein include the MRP(s) or CRP(s) products.
[00351] In addition, besides the steviol glycosides, which are ent-kaurane-type diterpene glycosides, there are many other constituents in stevia extracts such as phytosterols, non- glycosylated sterebins A-N ent-labdanes glycosides, nonsweet steroid glycosides, lupeol esters, pigments, flavonoids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and glycolipids etc. For example, 30 to over 300 compounds have been detected within the essential and volatile oils of S. rebaudiana. The inventors surprisingly found that retention of some amount of these volatile substances, such as trans- -farnesene, nerolidol, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, limonene, spathulenol together with other sesqiterpenes, nonoxygenated sesquiterpenes, mono-terpenes could improve the taste profile of stevia glycosides and create unique pleasant flavors. These flavors could also either exist in its intact form or react in the process of Maillard reaction and interact with other Maillard reaction products to create new interesting flavors. They could improve the overall taste profile of stevia glycosides and make it more acceptable for consumers. One embodiment includes compositions of stevia derived MRP(s) and/or also the stevia derived MRP(s) and non-steviol glycosides contained within the stevia leaves/extracts. It is possible to have all non-steviol glycosides with stevia glycosides extracted directly from leaves together, it is also possible to blend them after separated extraction or separation, then blend them back together. Meanwhile, the non-stevia glycosides substances could be obtained by fermentation or enzymatic conversion, an embodiment of composition of such products is used for Maillard reaction.
[00352] Molecules of stevia glycosides include a hydrophobic part (steviol) and a hydrophilic part (sugars such as glucose). When stevia glycosides are dissolved in solvents such as water, alcohol or mixtures thereof, stevia glycosides can form solvate(s). It is assumed that stevia glycosides can form clusters similar with flavor molecules as they do for water and other solvents. Such structures can stabilize the flavor, especially volatile substances, either in an aqueous solution or in solid form. It has been found that three stevia glycosides share one water molecule in its crystal structure. Not to be limited by theory, it is considered that stevia glycosides share one flavor molecule which would stabilize the flavor molecule much better than without the presence of the stevia. In general, stevia glycosides improve the solubility of flavor substance. Without being bound by the theory, the inventors found Stevia extract and stevia glycosides have attractive forces to hold the flavor, protect the stability of flavor, and hereafter it is referred to as Stevia glycoside flavorate (SGF). One embodiment includes a composition comprising a stevia extract with a flavor.
[00353] The inventors further developed an extraction process from the stevia plant. The stevia extract derived from the process reserves unique flavors such as citrus (or tangerine) flavor. Without being any bound by theory, it is believed that the unique citrus (or tangerine) flavor is originated from one or more flavor substances in the stevia extract. The flavor substances are water soluble, or are a dispersible oil in water solution, or stevia flavorate, and the flavor threshold value could be as low as 109 ppb. An embodiment includes a composition of steviol glycoside(s) and flavor substances from stevia extract. For example, one embodiment is a tangerine (or citrus) flavored stevia extract manufactured by processes described in this specification. One embodiment including compositions comprising flavor substances from the stevia plant including leaves, roots, seeds, etc.
[00354] The inventors also developed a unique process which could reserve the good flavor substances originated from stevia plants in the final stevia extract. These substances can play an important role in Maillard Reaction when stevia extract is involved.
[00355] The flavor substances in stevia plants comprise but are not limited to alkanes, ketones, acids, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatics, esters, alcohols, aliphatics or amines. Specifically, the acids comprise acetic acid, Propanoic acid, Pentanoic acid, Hexanoic acid, Trans 2-hexenoic acid, Heptanoic acid, Octanoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, decahydro- 1-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 2,3-dihyd-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid; the alcohols comprise l-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ol, 2-Ethyl-l-dodecanol, (+) spathulenol, l,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahy-l- Naphthalenol; the aldehydes comprise Hexanal, 2,4-Pentadienal, Octanal, Nonanal, Decanal, 1- Cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 2,5-dimethyl-5-nitrohexanal, (E)-2-Hexenal, (Z)-2-Heptenal; the amines comprise 4-methyl-Pyrimidine, O-decyl-Hydroxylamine, the esters comprise 3-Methyl pentanoic acid, 2-ethyl-4-Pentenal, Triacetin, Heptafluorobutyric acid, n-pentadecyles, Pseudosolasodine diacetate, 2,5,6-trimethyl-Decane; the ketones comprise dihydro-2(3H)- Furanone, 5-ethenyldihydro-5-methy-2(3H)-Furanone, 5-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-Furanone, 4- methyl-Cyclopentadecanone, 3,3-dimethyl-2,7-octanedione, 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2- one, 3,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-2,52H-l-Benzopyran, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-Pentadecanone, trans- -lonone, 3-ethyl-4-methyl-lH-Pyrrole-2,5-dione, lH-Naphtho[2,l-b]pyran, 3-ethenyldodecah; the alkanes comprises nitro-Cyclohexane, 2,6- dimethyl-Heptadecane, 2,6,7-trimethyl-Decane, 2,6,7-trimethyl-Decane, Tetradecane, 2,6,10- trimethyl-Dodecane, 2,3-Dimethyldecane, Undecane, 5-methyl-Undecane, Docosane, Dodecane, Heptadecane, Nonadecane, l-Bromo-2-methyl-decane, 2,6,10-trimethyl- Tetradecane; the hydrocarbons comprise Bicyclo[4.4.1]undeca-l,3,5,7,9-pentaen-l, 3- lsopropoxy-l,l,l,7,7,7-hexamethyl-3,5, the alkenes comprise 3-Cyclohexene-l-methanol, Caryophyllene oxide, Junipene; the aromatics comprise Ethylbenzene, pentamethyl-Benzene, 2- methyl-Naphthalene, (-i-)-Aromadendrene; the aliphatics comprise 1-chloro-Nonadecane, 1- chloro-Octadecane. Additionally, the flavor substances in the stevia plant should also contain any new possible flavor substances from new stevia varieties by hybridizing, grafting and other cultivating methods.
[00356] In one aspect, the sweetening agents, as described herein, are not considered reducing sugars. That is, they do not have a free carbonyl group to react with an amine. The term "free carbonyl" refers to an aldehyde or a ketone. Carbonyl esters, carbonyl amides or carboxylic acids are not included.
[00357] These materials are referred to as sweetening agent(s) that are not reducing sugars. Such non-reducing sugars or non-reducing sweeteners do not have a free carbonyl group as described above. Thus, it was unexpected and surprising that treatment of the sweetening agents disclosed herein, e.g., sweet tea extracts (Rubus Suavissimus S. Lee (Rosaceae) providing, for example rubusoside and suaviosides which are kaurane-type diterpene glycosides including suaviosides B, G, H, I and J), stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extracts), glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated stevia extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, glycyrrhizine, glycosylated glycyrrhizinse or mixtures thereof could undergo a Maillard type reaction to provide MRPs and/or caramelization to provide CRPs. The resultant MRPs and/or CRPs have a flavor that eliminates or reduces the unwanted bitterness and/or aftertaste and/or metallic taste commonly associated with the unadulterated sweetening agent(s).
[00358] The terms "amine reactant" or "amine donor" mean a reactant having a free amino group that is available to react with a reducing reactant in a Maillard reaction. Amine containing reactants include amino acids, peptides (including dipeptides, tripeptides, and oligopeptides), proteins, proteolytic or nonenzymatic digests thereof, and other compounds that react with reducing sugars and similar compounds in a Maillard reaction, such as phospholipids, chitosan, lipids, etc. In some embodiments, the amine reactant also provides one or more sulfur-containing groups.
[00359] Amine reactant groups utilized in the Maillard reaction can include one or more of amino acids, peptides, or proteins. [00360] Suitable amino acids include, for example, alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[00361] Suitable peptides include, for example, HVP, or mixtures thereof.
[00362] Suitable proteins include, for example, soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten or mixtures thereof.
[00363] The term "Maillard reaction product" means any compound produced by a Maillard reaction with a reducing sugar and/or a non-reducing sugar, where non-reducing sugars are described herein as "sweetening agent(s)". In certain embodiments, the Maillard reaction product is a compound that provides flavor ("Maillard flavor"), color ("Maillard color"), or a combination thereof. The term "flavor" includes "odor" and "taste."
[00364] The term "Maillard flavor composition" means a composition comprising a first reducing reactant and/or a sweetening agent, a second amino reactant, and any Maillard reaction products produced by a Maillard reaction between the first and second reactants as well as any degraded products from the reducing reactant(s) and/or sweetening agent(s), the amino reactant(s), any salt(s) present, sweetener(s) or mixtures thereof.
[00365] After the reaction is completed or during the reaction, "top note" agents can be added, which are often quite volatile, vaporizing at or below room temperature. These top notes are often what give foods their fresh flavors. Suitable top note agents include but are not limited to, for example, furfuryl mercaptan, methional, nonanal, trans,trans-2,4-decadienal, 2,2'-(dithiodimethylene) difuran, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, pyrazineethanethiol, bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide, methyl furfuryl disulfide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5- dihydroxy-l,4-dithiane, 95%, trithioacetone, 2,3-butanedithiol, methyl 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide, 4-methylnonanoic acid, 4-methyloctanoic acid, or 2-methyl-3-tetrahydrofuranthiol.
[00366] The Maillard reaction conditions and Maillard reaction products can include a pH regulator which can be an acid or a base. Suitable base regulators include, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, baking powder, baking soda any useable food grade base salts including alkaline amino acids. Additionally, the Maillard reaction can be conducted in the presence of alkalinic amino acids without the need of an additional base where the alkaline amino acid serves as the base itself. Generally, the pH of the reaction mixture is maintained at a pH of from about 2 to about 14, from about 7 to about 14, more particularly from about 9 to about 14, even more particularly from about 10 to about 12.
[00367] Generally, the reaction temperature of the Maillard reaction is from about 0°C to about 1000°C, more particularly from about 20°C to about 300°C, even more particularly from about 50°C to about 150°C, from about 10°C toa bout 180°C and in one aspect from about 90°C to about 120°C, e.g., about 100°C. The reaction could be conducted with or without high pressure.
[00368] The reaction time is generally from a few seconds to about 100 hours, more particularly from about a few minutes to about 5 hours, in certain aspects from about 1 hour to about 3 hours and in other aspects from about 2 hours to about 4 hours. Depending on the desired taste, the reaction can be terminated at any time. The Maillard reaction mixture can contain unreacted reactants, degraded substances from the reactants, pH regulator(s), and/or salt(s).
[00369] The Maillard reaction mixture and product can further include a salt. The salt can be added during the Maillard reaction or after the reaction is complete. Suitable salts include, for example, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof. Salts may form during the Maillard reaction itself from reactants or degraded reactants and be present in the Maillard reaction product(s).
[00370] The salt(s) present in the Maillard reaction mixture can be from about 0 percent by weight to about 50 percent by weight or more, more particularly from about 0 percent to about 15 percent by weight, even more particularly from about 0 percent to about 5 percent by weight, e.g., 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3 or 4 percent by weight of the Maillard reaction mixture.
[00371] The Maillard reaction product(s) and reaction mixture can include a sweetener. The sweetener can be added before, during the Maillard reaction or after the reaction is completed. Suitable sweeteners include non-nutritive sweeteners, such as for example, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, saccharin, or mixtures thereof.
[00372] A sweetener enhancer can be added to the reaction mixture before or during the Maillard reaction or after the reaction is completed.
[00373] A flavoring, other than flavor derived from a Maillard reaction product as described herein, can be added to the compositions described herein before or after a Maillard reaction has been effected. Suitable flavorings include, for example, natural flavors, vitamins such as vitamin C, artificial flavors, spices, seasonings, and the like. Exemplary flavor agents include synthetic flavor oils and flavoring aromatics and/or oils, uronic acids (e.g., glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid) or oleoresins, essences, and distillates, and a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
[00374] Flavor oils include spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate), peppermint oil, Japanese mint oil, clove oil, bay oil, anise oil, eucalyptus oil, thyme oil, cedar leaf oil, oil of nutmeg, allspice, oil of sage, mace, oil of bitter almonds, and cassia oil; useful flavoring agents include artificial, natural and synthetic fruit flavors such as vanilla, and citrus oils including lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, yuzu, sudachi, and fruit essences including apple, pear, peach, grape, raspberry, blackberry, gooseberry, blueberry, strawberry, cherry, plum, prune, raisin, cola, guarana, neroli, pineapple, apricot, banana, melon, apricot, cherry, tropical fruit, mango, mangosteen, pomegranate, papaya, and so forth.
[00375] Additional exemplary flavors imparted by a flavoring agent include a milk flavor, a butter flavor, a cheese flavor, a cream flavor, and a yogurt flavor; a vanilla flavor; tea or coffee flavors, such as a green tea flavor, an oolong tea flavor, a tea flavor, a cocoa flavor, a chocolate flavor, and a coffee flavor; mint flavors, such as a peppermint flavor, a spearmint flavor, and a Japanese mint flavor; spicy flavors, such as an asafetida flavor, an ajowan flavor, an anise flavor, an angelica flavor, a fennel flavor, an allspice flavor, a cinnamon flavor, a chamomile flavor, a mustard flavor, a cardamom flavor, a caraway flavor, a cumin flavor, a clove flavor, a pepper flavor, a coriander flavor, a sassafras flavor, a savory flavor, a Zanthoxyli Fructus flavor, a perilla flavor, a juniper berry flavor, a ginger flavor, a star anise flavor, a horseradish flavor, a thyme flavor, a tarragon flavor, a dill flavor, a capsicum flavor, a nutmeg flavor, a basil flavor, a marjoram flavor, a rosemary flavor, a bayleaf flavor, and a wasabi (Japanese horseradish) flavor; a nut flavor such as an almond flavor, a hazelnut flavor, a macadamia nut flavor, a peanut flavor, a pecan flavor, a pistachio flavor, and a walnut flavor; alcoholic flavors, such as a wine flavor, a whisky flavor, a brandy flavor, a rum flavor, a gin flavor, and a liqueur flavor; floral flavors; and vegetable flavors, such as an onion flavor, a garlic flavor, a cabbage flavor, a carrot flavor, a celery flavor, mushroom flavor, and a tomato flavor.
[00376] Generally any flavoring or food additive such as those described in "Chemicals Used in Food Processing", Publication No 1274, pages 63-258, by the National Academy of Sciences, can be used and added. This publication is incorporated herein by reference.
[00377] Suitable sweetener enhancers include, for example, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin or mixtures thereof.
[00378] The terms "improve" or "improvement", used interchangeably herein, refer to a perceived advantageous change from the original taste profile in any aspect, such as less bitterness, better sweetness, better sour taste, better aroma, better mouth feel, better flavor, less aftertaste, etc. Depending upon the dosage used in the compositions described herein, the terms "improve" or "improvement" can also refer to a slight change, a change, or a significant change of the original taste profile, etc. which makes the composition more palatable to an individual.
[00379] Generally in the compositions described herein, there is an excess of Maillard reaction product(s) so if there is a sweetener enhancer present, it is present in a lesser amount by weight in comparison to the Maillard reaction product(s). Ratios of Maillard Reaction product(s) to sweetener enhancer(s) are thus from 100:1 to 1:100 with all ratios there between, including for example 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1 and including integer values there between, including for example, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 11:1, 12:1, etc. Alternatively, the ratios are from 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90 and including integer values there between, including for example, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:11, 1:12, etc.
[00380] In one embodiment, the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin. [00381] In one aspect, the composition comprises thaumatin, one or more MRPs as prepared by the present embodiments, and optionally a sweetening agent and/or sweetener. The thaumatin is contained in the composition in a range of from 0.01 ppm to 99.9 wt % on the basis of the total weight of the composition, including all specific values in the range and all subranges between any two specific values. For example, the thaumatin is present in the composition in an amount of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of the composition, and in a subrange of 0.5-95 wt%, 1-90 wt%, 5-80 wt%, 10-70 wt%, 20-60 wt% or 30-50 wt% on the basis of the total weight of the composition.
[00382] In a particular aspect, the composition comprises from 0.01 ppm to 99.9 wt% of thaumatin, from 0.01 ppm to 99.9 wt% of MRP as prepared by the present embodiments, and optionally 0.1-99.9 wt% of sweetening agent, and optionally 0.1-99.9 wt% of sweetener. Preferably, the composition comprises from 0.01 ppm to 30 wt% of thaumatin, 0.01 ppm to 50 wt% of MRP as prepared by the present embodiments, and optionally 10-30 wt% of sweetening agent, and optionally 10-30 wt% of sweetener.
[00383] In one embodiment, the composition comprising thaumatin described herein can be added to a food or beverage product. The amount of the thaumatin in the food or beverage product can be from 0.05-20 ppm based on the total weight of the composition and the food or beverage product(s), including any specific value in the range, and all subranges between any two specific values. For example, the specific values may include 0.1 ppm, 0.2 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm; and the subranges may include 0.1-15 ppm, 0.2-10 ppm, 0.5-8 ppm, 1-3 ppm, etc. based on the total weight of the composition and the food or beverage product(s).
[00384] The inventors surprisingly found the combination of MRPs with thaumatin could significantly improve the overall taste profile of food and beverage to have a better mouth feel, creamy taste, a reduction of bitterness of other ingredients in food and beverage, such as astringency of tea, protein, or their extracts, acidic nature and bitterness of coffee, etc. It could also reduce lingering, bitterness and metallic aftertaste of natural, synthetic high intensity sweeteners, or their combinations, their combination with other sweeteners, with other flavors much more than thaumatin itself. Thus, it plays a unique function in sugar reduction or sugar free products, and can be used as additives to improve taste performance of food and beverage products comprising one or more sweetening agents or sweeteners such as sucralose, acesulfame K, aspartame, sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate or siratose.
[00385] Thus "high intensity sweeteners" include, for example, sucralose, acesulfame-K, aspartame, advantame, neotame, sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate or siratose.
[00386] High-intensity sweeteners are commonly used as sugar substitutes or sugar alternatives because they are many times sweeter than sugar but contribute only a few to no calories when added to foods. High-intensity sweeteners are ingredients used to sweeten and enhance the flavor of foods. Because high-intensity sweeteners are many times sweeter than table sugar (sucrose), smaller amounts of high-intensity sweeteners are needed to achieve the same level of sweetness as sugar in food. People may choose to use high-intensity sweeteners in place of sugar for a number of reasons, including that they do not contribute calories or only contribute a few calories to the diet. High-intensity sweeteners also generally will not raise blood sugar levels.
[00387] The term "thaumatin", as defined herein, refers to thaumatin I, II, III, a, b, c, etc. and/or combinations thereof. Whenever thaumatin is mentioned in this specification, it should be understood to include all type of Katemfe extract, extracts or purified substances from other types of genetically modified plants or enzymatic transferred processes, or fermented processes.
[00388] In one embodiment, a flavor is produced from a Maillard Reaction by using one or more sugar donors, wherein at least one sugar donor is selected from a reducing sugar, such as sucrose, ribose, glucose, fructose, maltose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, D-allose, D-psicose, xylitol, allulose, melezitose, D-tagatose, D-Altrose, D- alditol, L-gulose, L-sorbose, D-talitol, Inulin, stachyose etc., their mixtures, and their derivatives.
[00389] In another embodiment, a flavor is produced from a Maillard Reaction by using one or more sugar donors, wherein at least one sugar donor is selected from plant juice/powder, vegetable juice/powder, berries juice/powder, fruit juice/powder. Preferably their concentrate or extract such as bilberry juice, concentrate or extract, enriched in anthocyanins. Optionally, at least one sugar donor and/or one amine donor is selected from animal source based products, such as meat, oil etc. Meat from any part of an animal, or protein form any part of plant could be used as source of amino donor in this invention.
[00390] In still another embodiment, a flavor is produced from a Maillard Reaction by using one or more sugar donors, wherein at least one sugar donor is selected from a product comprising a glycoside. A glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. The sugar group is known as the glycone and the non sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside. The glycone can consist of a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide).
[00391] The glycone could be selected from one or more sugars from glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, lactose, arabinose etc. In another aspect, such glycosidic materials include concentrates/extracts selected from bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, cranberry, apple, peach, apricot, mango, etc.
[00392] A general method to prepare the stevia derived Maillard reaction product(s) is described as follows.
[00393] A sweetening agent is dissolved with/without a sugar donor, together with amino acid donor in water, followed by heating of the solution at an elevated temperature, for example from about 50 to about 150 degrees centigrade. The reaction time can be varied from more than one second to a few days, more generally a few hours, until MRPs (Maillard Reacted
Products) with or without CRPs (Caramelization Reacted Products) are formed or the reaction between components is completed. When required, a pH adjuster or pH buffer can be added to regulate the pH of the reaction mixture before, during or after reaction. Generally, the pH of the reaction mixture should be from about a pH of about 2 to a pH of about 14, e.g. above a pH of 7.
[00394] Generally, the Maillard reaction is conducted with water as the solvent. Generally, the amount of water is sufficient to dissolve the components or provide a heterogeneous mixture. For example, on a weight by weight basis, the amount of water to reaction products ratio is from about 100:1 to about 1:100, for example from about 6:1, 1:1 to about 1:4. Ratios for the Maillard reaction components to solvent are thus from 100:1 to 1:100, e.g., 1:99 to 80:20, with all ratios there between, including for example 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1 and including integer values there between, including for example, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 11:1, 12:1, etc. Alternatively, the ratios are from 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90 and including integer values there between, including for example, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:11, 1:12, etc.
[00395] Additionally, solvents can be employed alone or along with water. Suitable solvents include, for example, alcohols, such as low molecular weight alcohols, e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butyl glycol, etc.
[00396] When the reaction is completed, the reaction mixture does not need to be neutralized or it can be neutralized. Water and or solvent(s) do not necessarily need to be removed but can be removed by distillation, spray drying or other known methods if the product is desired as a powder or liquid, whatever the case may be.
[00397] Interestingly, when the reaction mixture is dried to a powder, such as by spray drying, the resultant powders only have a slight smell associated with them. This is in contrast to regular powdered flavorings that generally have a strong smell. The dried powdered reaction mixtures of the embodiments, when dissolved in a solvent, such as water or alcohol or mixtures thereof, release the smell. This demonstrates that the volatile substances of the Maillard reaction products can be preserved by stevia glycosides present in the reaction products and also by the process of the embodiments described herein. If necessary, powders with strong odor could be obtained too in case the carrier such as stevia extract is much less compared with MRPs flavors or strong flavor substances are used during Maillard reaction.
[00398] There are many ways to control the resulting MRPs. For instance, adjusting pH value, pressure, reaction time, addition of different ingredients, to optimize the ratio of raw materials etc. On top of it, the inventors found separation of MRPs products could be another method to have different types of flavor enhancers and flavors. MRPs consist of volatile substances and non-volatile substances. By evaporating the volatile substances, purified non volatile substances could be obtained, such products could be used as flavor modifiers or with the top note of final products. The volatile substances could be used as flavor or flavors enhancers, too. Partial separation of MRPs to remove partial volatile substances, further separation of volatile substances for instance by distillation etc., and non-volatile substances for instance by recrystallization, chromatograph etc. could be done to meet different targets of taste and flavor. Therefore, in this specification, MRPs include a composition including one or more volatile substances, one or more non-volatile substances or mixtures thereof. Non volatile substances in MRPs or isolated from MRPs can provide a good mouth feel, umani and Kukumi taste.
[00399] Caramelization could occur in the course of Maillard reaction. Exemplary reactions include:
1. equilibration of anomeric and ring forms
2. sucrose inversion to fructose and glucose
3. condensation
4. intramolecular bonding
5. isomerization of aldoses to ketoses
6. dehydration reactions
7. fragmentation reactions
8. unsaturated polymer formation
[00400] One embodiment comprises one or more of these non-volatile substances including remaining sugar donor, remaining amine donor, it could also include caramelized substances such as disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides etc. which are formed by sugar donors, dimer-peptide, tri-peptide, tetra-peptides etc. which are formed by amine donors, glycosylamine and their derivatives such as amadori compounds, heyns compounds, enolisated compounds, sugar fragments, amino acid fragments and non-volatile flavor compounds which are formed by Maillard reaction of sugars and amino acid donors.
[00401] Thickeners such as hydrocolloids or polyols are used in liquid to improve the mouth feel by increasing the viscosity, they are also used in solid base product as filler for low cost sugar products. However, they could create a chalky or a floury taste, and higher viscosities would make a beverage less palatable. Therefore, there is a need to find a solution to reduce the amount of thickeners to be used for food and beverage especially for sugar, fat and salt reduction products. The inventors surprisingly found that adding MRPs could enhance the mouth feel of thickeners and have a synergistic effect without necessarily increasing the viscosity, thus improving the palatability of the food or beverage. An embodiment comprises MRPs (or mixture of MRPs and Sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent and thaumatin) and a thickener, wherein the thickener is selected from one or more hydrocolloids and/or polyols.
[00402] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention can comprise a Maillard reaction product and at least one of sweetening agent and/or sweeteners. The Maillard reaction product is a direct result of a Maillard reaction without separation or purification. The Maillard reaction product comprises the reaction product of an amine donor and a sugar donor. Wherein, the sugar donor comprises reducing sugar, sweetener and/or sweetening agent. The sweetener comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy- 4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate , or mixtures thereof. The sweetening agent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. The stevia extract comprises one or more stevia extract components. In another embodiment, the stevia extract comprises non-steviol glycoside components. The non- stevia glycoside components are volatile substances characterized by citrus flavor. In another embodiment, the stevia extract comprises non-volatile type of non-stevia glycosides substances, wherein the non-volatile type of non-stevia glycosides substances comprises one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent-kaurene structure. In another embodiment, the stevia extract comprises one or more volatile and non-volatile type of non- stevia glycoside substances.
[00403] From the perspective of volatile and non-volatile substances, the Maillard reaction comprises volatile substances (comprising pure and impure substances) and non volatile substances (comprising pure and impure substances). The Maillard reaction product includes various isolated products, either partially volatile substances or partially non-volatile substances removed from the direct result of the Maillard reaction. The Maillard reaction product includes water soluble compounds. [00404] With increasing demand of natural flavors such as vanilla, citrus, cocoa, coffee etc., the food and beverage industry face a big challenge to meet consumers' requirements. For example, the harvest of citrus in recent years has been heavily influenced by fruit disease which has created a shortage. Vanilla, coffee and Cocoa supply is always strongly influenced by climate. To increase their availability, farmers have to use more land to compete with other necessary cultivation of food and vegetable products, thus there is an additional danger of deforestation. Therefore, there is a need to find alternative sources to complement the market demand. The inventors surprisingly found that adding MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile of flavors, lower the threshold of flavors and reduce the amount of flavors to be used. An embodiment comprises MRPs (or mixture of MRPs and sweetening agent, or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent and thaumatin) and flavor.
[00405] Consumers are demanding 'cleaner' labels while retailers demand longer shelf life. The use of natural antioxidants such as tocopherols and rosemary extracts can solve these problems simultaneously. However, natural antioxidants always retain their own characteristic aroma, which makes it difficult to incorporate them in food and beverages. There is a need to look for alternative solutions. The inventors surprisingly found that adding MRPs to food or beverages could significantly reduce the negative aroma of antioxidants and provide a synergy of antioxidant property. In one embodiment, a composition comprising MRPs (or mixture of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin) and a natural antioxidant is disclosed.
[00406] Thaumatin is a good alternative solution for sugar reduction. However, its lingering taste makes it difficult to be used at higher dosages. The inventors surprisingly found adding MRPs could substantially reduce the lingering and bitterness of thaumatin and widen its usage in foods and beverages. In one aspect, compositions comprising MRPs and thaumatin are disclosed, including food or beverages comprising MRPs and thaumatin. Addition, of a sweetening agent, such as stevia, together with MRPs can significantly improve the taste profile of thaumatin, reducing its lingering taste. Thaumatin has synergy with MRPs to reduce the bitterness and/or aftertaste of stevia. [00407] It should be understood throughout that various compositions can include combinations of one or more MRP(s); or one or more MRP(s) with thaumatin (or one or more sweetener(s)); or one or more MRP(s) with one or more sweetening agent(s); or one or more MRP(s) with one or more sweetening agent(s) and one or more sweeteners, e.g., thaumatin.
[00408] MRPs also create problems for the food industry. A lot of resources have been expended to prevent Maillard reactions in food proceeding in order to keep the good quality of food. Therefore, there is a need to find methods to produce useful MRPs which the food and beverage industry could benefit from.
[00409] In one aspect, 2-Amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4, 5-b)pyridine (PhIP) is formed in high amounts and is usually responsible for around 80% of the aromatic amines present in cooked meat products. It is listed on the IARC list of carcinogens. It is now understood that (HAAs) are over 100 fold more mutagenic than Aflatoxin Bl. For example, heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) can be formed under mild conditions - when glucose, glycine and creatine/creatinine are left at room temperature in a phosphate buffer for 84 days HAA's are formed. HAA's are reported in all kinds of cooked meat and fish products especially those that have been grilled, barbecued or roasted. Traditional restaurant food preparation tends to produce more HAA's than fast food outlets. With chicken, deep fat frying produces the highest levels of HAA's. Increasing mutagenic activity correlates with increased weight loss during cooking. In BBQ'd beef additional mutagenic components are present. Acrylamide for example, was first identified in 2002 by Margaret Tornquist of Stockholm University. She compared the blood samples of Swedish tunnel builders working with a sealant containing acrylamide with those of the general population. The results showed that the general population was regularly exposed to high levels of acrylamide. Rat feeding studies revealed that acrylamide increased the rates of several types of cancer. All these results showed that there is a need to find alternative solutions to provide the desired taste without these harmful substances, especially for bread, grilled meat, roasted coffee and chocolate. The inventor's solution was to select a suitable sugar and amine donor to create taste or flavor which could be added in food or beverages, especially for sweet foods and beverages. When adding healthy MRPs, it would allow for conditions of baking, frying, grilling, roasting of food at lower temperatures, to have shorter heating times, and thus reduce the amount of harmful substances, or avoid creating harmful substances compared with traditional food process methods. Meanwhile, traditional methods heat the whole food which consumes a lot of energy and creates more pollution when compared to this invention. The invention makes it possible to create new methods of baking, frying, grilling and roasting without compromising taste. In one aspect, a food or beverage can include healthy and harmless MRPs.
[00410] Protein becomes an important healthy factor for foods and beverages. However, protein's raw egg taste and smell is an obstacle for wide use. Bean protein, whey protein and Coconut protein possess characteristic unpleasant tastes after drying. There is a need to find solutions to make them palatable. The inventors surprisingly found that adding compositions of this invention could significantly block the unpleasant taste of the protein and make it more palatable to consumers. One embodiment pertains to a composition of MRPs (or mixtures of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixtures of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin) and protein(s). Another embodiment pertains to proteins (food) and beverages comprising MRPs, or mixtures of MRPs and sweetening agents, or mixtures of MRPs, sweetening agents and thaumatin.
[00411] Reduced fat foods and beverages are prevalant in the market. However, lack of mouth feel and saturated fat taste on the tongue make them unpalatable for consumers. There exists a need to find a solution to solve it. The inventors surprisingly found adding compositions this invention could significantly improve the mouth feel and overall taste of reduced fat food and beverages. One embodiment pertains to compositions comprising fat and MRPs (or mixtures of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin). One embodiment pertains to partially or completed reduced fat foods and beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00412] Reduced salt foods and beverages are in high demand. However, the taste is not very satisfying to most consumers. There is need to find a solution to enhance the salty taste without increasing sodium intake. The inventors surprisingly found there is synergy of MRPs, mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin with salt. One embodiment pertains to reduced compositions of salt with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin. One embodiment provides salt foods or beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00413] Foods and beverages containing vegetable or vegetable juices, especially garlic, ginger, beet root etc. have their strong characteristic flavors, which sometimes become taste barriers for certain consumers. There is need to find solution to neutralize or harmonize the taste of this type of food or beverage. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions this invention could harmonize the taste of such foods and beverages and make them more consumer-likeable products. One embodiment provides vegetable containing foods and beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00414] Vegetables with a bitter taste such as artichoke, broccoli, radicchio, arugula, brussels sprout, chicory, white asparagus, endive, kale and brassica, dandelion, eggplant and bitter melon are added into foods and beverages providing healthy choices to consumers. However, there is a need to find a solution to neutralize or mask the bitter taste associated with the vegetables. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions of this invention could harmonize the taste of such foods and beverages and make them more consumer- likeable products. One embodiment pertain to vegetable containing foods and beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00415] Foods and beverages containing juices, juice concentrate, or fruit extract such as cranberry, pomegranate, bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, grapefruit, lime and citrus have a sour and astringent taste. The inventors surprisingly found that adding compositions of this invention could harmonize the taste and make it acceptable to consumers. One embodiment contains fruit or fruit juice foods or beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00416] Foods and beverages containing minerals and trace elements can have a metallic taste. There is a need to find a solution to overcome this drawback. The inventors surprisingly found that adding compositions of this invention could block the metallic taste of minerals, thus improving the palatable taste of foods and beverages to consumers. One embodiment pertains to mineral enriched foods or beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
[00417] Vitamin fortified foods and beverages provide challenges to acceptable taste due to bitterness or stale taste associated with Vitamin B series and sour and tingling tastes for Vitamin C. The inventors surprisingly found that adding composition of this invention could block the bitterness of Vitamin B series and improve the taste and mouth feel of Vitamin C as well as overall likeability. One embodiment is a vitamin fortified food or beverage with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00418] Foods and beverages containing amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine HCI, glutamine, histidine HCI, isoleucine, lysine HCI, methionite, proline, tryptophan and valine have bitter, metallic or an alkaline taste. A solution is required to overcome these drawbacks. The inventors surprisingly found that adding compositions of this invention to amino acids could block the bitter, metallic or alkaline taste. One embodiment pertains to amino acid enriched foods and beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00419] Foods and beverages containing fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid have a mineral or pungent taste. There is a need to find a solution to overcome these drawbacks. The inventors surprisingly found that adding composition of this invention could block the mineral or pungent taste of fatty acids. One embodiment pertains to fatty acid containing foods and beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
[00420] Foods and beverages that contain natural herbs, natural herb extracts, concentrates, purified substances from herbs such as tonic water, etc. have earthy, grassy, herb tastes which are unpalatable to a lot of consumers. There is need to find a solution. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions this invention could significantly mask or reduce the grassy, earthy or herb taste in such foods and beverages. One embodiment provides an herb or herb extract enriched food or beverage with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
[00421] Foods and beverages that contain caffeine, tea extract, ginseng juice or ginseng extract, taurine or guarana that function to boost energy, while having an earthy or bitter taste, which requires a solution. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions of this invention could significantly mask or reduce the earthy or bitter taste of such foods and beverages. One embodiment provides an energy food or beverage with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
[00422] Foods and beverages that contain cocoa powder or coffee powder, cocoa or coffee extract, have a bitter taste. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions of this invention could significantly mask the bitter taste and/or enhance the flavor of such foods and beverages. One embodiment provides a cocoa or coffee containing foods or beverages comprising MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
[00423] Foods and beverages that contain tea powder or tea extract, or flavored tea have a bitter taste or astringent mouth feel. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions of this invention could significantly mask the bitter taste and/or improve the mouth feel.
[00424] An embodiment provides a tea containing food or beverage with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00425] Alcoholic products such as wine, liquor, whisky etc. have huge variations in taste due to changes in quality of raw materials from year to year. Also there are customers that can not accept the astringent taste etc. of the alcohol, thus, there is a need to find a solution to produce tasty alcohol products. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions of this invention could block the astringent taste and make the product taste more full. One embodiment of alcohol in products includes MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin. [00426] Sauces, such as soy bean sauces, Jams, chocolate, butter, cheese etc. can not depend upon fermentation to create flavors to meet consumers' demands. There is a need to find a simple solution to enhance the taste and flavor of these products. The inventors found that adding the compositions of this invention could improve the overall taste of these fermented products. One embodiment provides sauces or fermented products with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin
[00427] With the increase of obesity and a diabetic population, limiting sugar became a top concern for a healthy diet choices worldwide, with consumers preferring for low sugar foods and beverages but without a sacrifice in taste. High intensive natural sugar alternatives such as stevia extract, monk fruit extract and sweet tea extract, and artificial high intensive sweetener such as sucralose, ACE-K and aspartame, are applied in foods and beverages for reduced sugar product claims, each of these highly intensive sugar alternatives has a unique taste profile but none tastes exactly like sugar. Some bring bitter or metallic off notes which results in the low sugar food and beverage to have an unsatisfactory taste to consumers' palate. A solution to improve the taste of low sugar foods and beverages is imperative in the promotion of a healthy diet.
[00428] Current beverages with low sugar or sugar free, such as fruit juices and concentrates for fruit juice, vegetable juice and concentrate for vegetable juice, fruit nectars and concentrates from fruit nectar, vegetable nectar and concentrate from vegetable nectar, tastes flat and watery with an unpleasant aftertaste. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the composition of this invention could improve the taste profile, remove bitter or metallic aftertaste, and make the beverage taste more like sugar. One embodiment of low sugar or sugar free beverages include MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00429] Water - based flavored beverages, including 'sport', 'energy' or 'electrolyte' beverages and in particular, beverages such as carbonated water-based flavored beverages, non-carbonated water based flavored beverages, concentrates (liquid or solid) for water-based flavored beverages, often taste flat and watery with an unpleasant aftertaste. The inventors surprisingly found that by adding the compositions of this invention to the beverages could improve the taste profile, remove bitter or metallic aftertaste, and/or the flavor is enhanced. One embodiment pertains to low sugar or sugar free water-based flavored beverages with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00430] Low sugar or sugar free dairy foods and beverages such as milk and flavored milk, butter milk and flavored butter milk, fermented and renneted milk, flavored fermented and renneted milk, condensed milk and flavored condensed milk, and flavored ice-cream taste flat and watery with an unpleasant aftertaste. The inventors surprisingly found that adding the compositions of this invention could improve the taste profile, remove bitter or metallic aftertaste, enhance flavor, improve the mouth feel and/or overall likeability. One embodiment pertains to low sugar or sugar free dairy products with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00431] Cannabidiol (CBD) oil, for example, is extracted from the stalks, seeds and flower of plants like hemp and has a taste that is commonly described as nutty, earthy or grassy. There is a need to find a solution to make it palatable for eating and smoking. Adding the compositions of this invention to CBD oil could mask the unpleasant taste. One embodiment pertains to of CBD oil with MRPs or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s) or mixture(s) of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00432] Nicotine has a bitter or astringent taste and aroma when inhaled. Popular electronic cigarettes require an improved taste and aroma. Adding the compositions of this invention to nicotine could mask nicotine's unpleasant taste. One embodiment pertains to nicotine contained in a cigarette product, either in solid or liquid form, with MRPs, or mixture(s) of MRPs and sweetening agent(s), or mixture of MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00433] All compositions in this invention could be used for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, feed industry etc. Adding the composition in this invention" means the compositions of MRPs, MRPs + another additives such as thickener(s), flavor(s), salt(s), fat(s), MRPs + sweetening agent(s), MRPs + sweetening agent(s) + thaumatin. [00434] MRPs from Maillard reaction can taste bitter when applied to foods and beverages, especially when the reaction time is long at elevated temperatures or when the MRPs are used at higher dosages. For bitterness-sensitive people, MRPs are bitter at all concentrations in solution. The inventors found combining sweetening agent(s) into MRPs, could block the bitterness of MRPs, while MRPs could modify the lingering, bitterness, aftertaste etc. Surprisingly, the bitterness from MRPs and Stevia are not superimposed or multiplied.
[00435] MRPs taste bitter. Thaumatin has slow on-site sweetness. When combing MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and/or thaumatin together, surprisingly, the lingering of stevia and thaumatin are not superimposed or multiplied. Bitterness of stevia and MRPs are not superimposed or multiplied. On the contrary, stevia acts as bridge between MRPs and thaumatin and MRPs act as a bridge to Stevia and thaumatin to create a pleasant integrated taste profile.
[00436] Depending on requirement of flavor or flavor enhancing intensity, sweetening derived MRPs could be further blended with a sweetening agent(s), sweetener(s) or other ingredients to obtain acceptable taste and aroma profiles.
[00437] In one aspect, a flavoring agent(s) in combination with one or more steviol glycosides is provided. It has been found that the steviol glycoside(s) surprisingly protects the flavoring agent. Not to be limited by any theory, there is a surprising protective effect exerted by the stevia material on the flavoring agent(s).
[00438] For example, unlike typical powdered flavoring agents which have a strong odor, the inventors have surprisingly found that the combination of steviol glycoside(s) and flavoring agent(s) result in a composition with minimal smell. However, when the steviol glycoside(s)/flavoring agent(s) are dissolved in a solution (e.g., water, alcohol or mixtures thereof), the odor of the flavoring is released resulting in a strong smell.
[00439] The above observations are not meant to be limited to powders. The steviol glycoside(s) and the flavoring agent(s) can be part of a liquid composition, such as a syrup.
[00440] In one aspect, the reaction products of the embodiments described herein can be dissolved at neutral pH. [00441] In one embodiment, the processes of the embodiments described herein are useful for improvement of taste and aroma profile for other natural sweeteners, including but not limited to licorice, thaumatin etc., their mixtures, their mixtures with stevia glycosides, etc.
[00442] In another embodiment, the processes of the embodiments described herein are used for improvement of taste and aroma profile for other synthetic sweeteners, including but not limited to AC-K, aspartame, sodium saccharin, sucralose or their mixtures.
[00443] The embodiments described above are applicable for any synthetic sweetener, blends thereof and other natural sweeteners, blends thereof, or mixtures of synthetic and natural sweetener(s), especially with sucralose.
[00444] The sweetening agent compositions used in the Maillard reactions and Maillard products described herein include sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extract), single components or mixtures of mogroside(s) ("MGs"), steviol glycosides ("SGs"), sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides ("GMGs"), glycosylated steviol glycosides ("GSGs") and glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, in combination with each other and optionally in combination with a sugar donor.
[00445] It should be understood that throughout this specification, when reference is made to a specific sweetening agent, such as an SG or an MG, or a GMG and the like, that the example is meant to be inclusive and applicable to all of the sweetening agents described herein, including, sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle extracts (mogroside extract), single components or mixtures of mogroside(s) ("MGs"), steviol glycosides ("SGs"), sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides ("GMGs"), glycosylated steviol glycosides ("GSGs") and glycosylated sweet tea glycosides
[00446] Extracts from the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle), also known as Momordica grosvenori (Swingle), Luo Han Guo or monk fruit etc. provide a family of triterpene- glycosides and are referred to as mogroside(s) ("MGs") throughout the specification. The extracts include, for example, mogroside V, mogroside IV, siamenoside I, and 11-oxomogroside V. Constituents of the mogroside extracts are referred to by the designation "MG" followed by symbol, such as "V", therefore mogroside V is "MGV". Siamenoside I would be "SSI", 11- oxomogroside V would be "OGV". [00447] The phrase "mogroside' is a triterpene-glycoside and is recognized in the art and is intended to include the major and minor constituents of mogroside extracts.
[00448] It should be understood that monk fruit extracts can contain, for example, a mogroside such as MGV, in an amount of 3% by weight, 5% by weight, 20% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight, 60% by weight or higher but containing other mogrosides or non- mogrosides in the extracts. For example, other components include other mogrosides such as mogroside II, mogroside IMA, mogroside IIIE, mogroside IVA, mogroside IVE, siamenoside I, and 11-oxomogroside V. In addition, some other polysaccharides or flavonoids may be present.
[00449] The mogroside(s) of interest can be purified before use.
[00450] Extracts from stevia plants provide steviol glycosides ("SGs") with varying percentages of components, SGs. The phrase "steviol glycoside" is recognized in the art and is intended to include the major and minor constituents of stevia. These "SGs" include, for example, steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A (RA), rebaudioside B (RB), rebaudioside C (RC), rebaudioside D (RD), rebaudioside E (RE), rebaudioside F (RF), rebaudioside M (RM), rebaudioside O (RO), rebaudioside H (RH), rebaudioside I (Rl), rebaudioside L (RL), rebaudioside N (RN), rebaudioside K (RK), rebaudioside J (RJ), rubusoside, dulcoside A (DA) as well as those listed in Table 2 (below) or mixtures thereof.
[00451] As used herein, the terms "steviol glycoside," or "SG" refers to a glycoside of steviol, a diterpene compound shown in Formula I.
Figure imgf000061_0001
Formula 1 [00452] There are more stevia glycosides found in different plants and prepared synthetically, therefore, it should be understood that non-limiting examples of steviol glycosides are shown in Table 2 below. The stevia glycosides for use in the present application are not limited by source or origin. Steviol glycosides may be extracted from stevia leaves, synthesized by enzymatic processes, synthesized by chemical syntheses, or produced by fermentation. Steviol glycosides found in the stevia plant include rebaudioside A (RA), rebaudioside B (RB), rebaudioside D (RD), stevioside, as well as those in Table 2 (below) etc. and the mixtures thereof. The steviol glycoside of interest can be purified before use.
[00453] As used herein, the terms "rebaudioside A," "Reb A," and "RA" are equivalent terms referring to the same molecule. The same applies to all lettered rebaudiosides.
[00454] As used herein, the term "steviol glycoside composition" or "SG composition" refers to a composition comprising one or more SGs (steviol glycosides).
[00455] An acronym of the type "YYxx" refers to a composition, where YY refers to a compound (such as RA) or collection of compounds (e.g., SGs), where "xx" is typically a percent by weight number between 1 and 100 denoting the level of purity of a given compound (such as RA) or collection of compounds, where the weight percentage of YY in the dried product is equal to or greater than xx. Without specific description, the acronym "RAx" refers to a stevia composition containing RA in amount of > x% and < (x+10)% with the following exceptions: The acronym "RA100" specifically refers to pure RA; the acronym "RA99.5" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >99.5 wt %, but <100 wt %; the acronym "RA99" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >99 wt %, but <100 wt %; the acronym "RA98" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >98 wt %, but <99 wt %; the acronym "RA97" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >97 wt %, but <98 wt %; the acronym "RA95" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >95 wt %, but <97 wt %; the acronym "RA85" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >85 wt %, but <90 wt %; the acronym "RA75" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >75 wt %, but <80 wt %; the acronym "RA65" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >65 wt %, but <70 wt %; the acronym; the acronym "RA20" specifically refers to a composition where the amount of RA is >15 wt %, but <30 wt %.
[00456] A "glycosylated mogroside(s)" (GMG, GMGs), refers to a mogroside that is glycosylated at least at one or more positions in addition to those positions glycosylated in native form, obtained, for example, by synthetic manipulation or by enzymatic processes.
[00457] The terms "glycosylated mogroside", or "glycosylated swingle extract containing a glycosylated mogroside" refers to compounds obtained by transglycosylating swingle extract containing mogrosides, or transglycosylating purified mogrosides so as to add glucose units, for example, one, two, three, four, five or more than five glucose units, to the native mogrosides by glycosyltransferase, preferably, CGTase enzyme (cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase). Herein, the glycosylated mogroside(s), or the glycosylated swingle extract containing glycosylated mogroside(s), comprises short chain compounds obtained by hydrolyzation of glycosylated product and also comprises non-glycosylated ingredients which are the residue of non-reacted mogrosides, or unreacted components other than mogrosides contained in the swingle extract.
[00458] A suitable procedure to prepare glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs) or glycosylated swingle extract(s) includes i) dissolving dextrin in water (e.g., reverse osmosis), ii) adding the mogrosides or extract to the solubilized dextrin to obtain a mixture, wherein the ratio of dextrin to mogrosides/extract is optimized in a ratio of between 100:1 to 1:100 with suitable ranges including 3:1, 2:1, 1.5:1 and 1:1, iii) adding CGTase enzyme to the mixture followed by incubating the mixture at 60°C for a desired length of reaction time to glycosylate mogrosides with glucose molecules derived from dextrin.
[00459] After achieving the desired ratio of GMG(s) and residual mogroside(s) contents, the reaction mixture is heated to 90-100°C for 30 minutes to inactivate the CGTase, which is then removed by filtration.
[00460] Optionally, amylase can be added to the mixture and the mixture is incubated at 70°C for a desired length of reaction time to shorten the length of glucose chain(s) in the GMG molecules.
[00461] Decolorization and/or spray drying the resulting mixture of GMG, residual mogrosides and dextrin can then be undertaken. [00462] It should be understood that GMG(s) essentially contains glycosylated mogroside(s), but also contains unreacted mogrosides, dextrin and other non-mogroside substances found in extracts. It should also be understood that the GMG(s) can be purified and/or separated into purified/isolated components.
[00463] As used herein, the term "glycosylated steviol glycoside" or "GSG" refers to an SG with additional glucose residues added relative to the native SGs present in e.g., Stevia leaves. Preferably, the GSGs are produced by an in vitro enzymatically catalyzed glycosylation process. A "GSG" may also be produced by chemical synthesis.
[00464] A "glycosylated steviol glycoside(s)" (GSG, GSGs) as referred to herein, pertains to a steviol glycoside that is glycosylated at multiple positions (including partially glycosylated steviol glycosides) obtained, for example, by synthetic manipulation or by enzymatic processes, such as GSG-RA50. It should be understood that GSG(s) essentially contains a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s), but also contains unreacted steviol glycosides, dextrin and other non-steviol glycoside substances found in extracts. It should also be understood that the GSG(s) can be purified and/or separated into purified/isolated components.
[00465] The term "glycosylated steviol glycosides" (GSGs) refers to compounds obtained by enzymatic processes, for example, by transglycosylating stevia extract containing steviol glycosides, or by common known synthetic manipulation. Herein, the GSGs comprise glycosylated stevia extract containing glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) and also comprises short chain compounds obtained by hydrolyzation of glycosylated product, as well as non- glycosylated components which are the residue of unreacted steviol glycosides, or unreacted components other than steviol glycosides contained in the stevia extract. The methods and GSGs found in KR10-2008-0085811 are herein incorporated by reference.
[00466] As used herein, the term "glycosylated steviol glycoside composition" or "GSG composition" refers to any material comprising one or more GSGs.
[00467] As used herein, the term "SG/GSG composition" refers to a generic composition that may comprise one or more SGs and/or one or more GSGs. [00468] The phrase "total glycosides" refers to the total amount of GSGs and SGs in a composition. In some examples, for convenience om analysis, the toal glycosides are a sum amount of certain specific stevia glycosides.
[00469] In certain embodiments, the GSGs used in the present application are prepared as follows: i) dissolving a glucose-donor material in water to form a liquefied glucose-donor material; ii) adding a starting SG composition to liquefied glucose-donor material to obtain a mixture; iii) adding an effective amount of an enzyme to the mixture to form a reaction mixture, wherein the enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucose moieties from the glucose-donor material to SGs in the starting SG composition, and incubating the reaction mixture at a desired temperature for a desired length of reaction time to glycosylate SGs with glucose moieties present in the glucose-donor molecule. In some further embodiments, after achieving a desired ratio of GSG- and residual SG contents, the reaction mixture can be heated to a sufficient temperature for a sufficient amount of time to inactivate the enzyme. In some embodiments, the enzyme is removed by filtration in lieu of inactivation. In other embodiments, the enzyme is removed by filtration following inactivation. In some embodiments the resulting solution comprising GSG, residual SGs and dextrin is decolorized. In certain embodiments the resulting solution of GSG, residual SGs and dextrin is dried. In some embodiments, the drying is by spray drying. In some embodiments, step (i) comprises the substeps of (a) mixing a glucose-donor material with a desired amount of water to form a suspension, (b) adding a desired amount of enzyme to the suspension and (c) incubate the suspension at a desired temperature for a desired time to form liquefied glucose-donor material. Starch can be a suitable substitute for dextrin(s) and/or dextrin(s) can be obtained by the hydrolysis of starch. It should be understood that different sugars, such as fructose, etc., can be added by using different enzymes.
[00470] The acronym "GSG-RAxx" refers to a GSG composition prepared in an enzymatically catalyzed glycosylation process with RAxx as the starting SG material. More generally, acronyms of the type "GSG-YYxx" refer to a composition of the present application where YY refers to a compound (such as RA, RB, RC or RD), or a composition (e.g., RA20), or a mixture of compositions (e.g., RA40+RB8). For example, GSG-RA20 refers to the glycosylation products formed from RA20.
[00471] The abbreviation "GX" is noted throughout the specification and refers to glycosyl groups "G" where "X" is a value from 1 to 20 and refers to the number of glycosyl groups present in the molecule. For example, Stevioside G1 (ST-G1) has one (1) glycosyl group (G), thus "Gl", Stevioside G2 (ST-G2) has two (2) glycosyl groups present, Stevioside GS (ST-GS) has three (S) glycosyl groups present, Stevioside G4 (ST-G4) has four (4) glycosyl groups present, Stevioside G5 (ST-G5) has five (5) glycosyl groups present, Stevioside G6 (ST-G6) has six (6) glycosyl groups present, Stevioside G7 (ST-G7) has seven (7) groups present, Stevioside G8 (ST-G8) has eight (8) glycosyl groups present, Stevioside G9 (ST-G9) has nine (9) glycosyl groups present, etc. The glycosylation of the molecule can be determined by HPLC-MS.
[00472] Table A provides various GSG groups that are included herein. Table A depicts GSG groups corresponding to parental SGs with glucose ("G"; i.e., 2nd G after hyphen) moieties added thereto. For example, GSG-1G-2 refers to having one glucose added, and "2" is the series number in the row of Table A. Again, if a different enzyme is used, other types of sugars such as fructose, lactose, etc. could be added to the structure.
[00473] Table A
Figure imgf000067_0001
[00474] Similarly, other glucose substitutes can be incorporated into the GSG, such as for example, rhamnose or deoxyhexose (see Table B) below. Table B depicts GSG groups corresponding to parental SGs with glucose ("G"; i.e., 2nd G after hyphen) and one moiety of rhamnose or deoxyhexose ("R") added thereto. [00475] Table B
Figure imgf000068_0001
[00476] Different sugar donors such as glucose, xylose, rhamnose, etc. also could be obtained during degradation of different compositions of stevia glycosides. These combinations of sugar donors could react with different amino acid donors, thus creating many unique and surprisingly pleasant flavors. The reaction removes the typical grassy, bitter, void, lingering and aftertaste of stevia glycosides.
[00477] In one embodiment, glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs) can be obtained for example, by synthetic manipulation or by enzymatic processes. The GSGs obtained by these methods are not naturally occurring steviol glycosides. The methods and GSGs found in KR10- 2008-0085811 are herein incorporated by reference. Stevioside G1 (ST-G1), Stevioside G2 (ST- G2), Stevioside G3 (ST-G3), Stevioside G4 (ST-G4), Stevioside G5 (ST-G5), Stevioside G6 (ST-G6), Stevioside G7 (ST-G7), Stevioside G8 (ST-G8), Stevioside G9 (ST-G9), Rebaudioside A G1 (RA-G1), Rebaudioside A G2 (RA-G2), Rebaudioside A G3 (RA-G3), Rebaudioside A G4 (RA-G4), Rebaudioside A G5 (RA-G5), Rebaudioside A G6 (RA-G6), Rebaudioside A G7 (RA-G7), Rebaudioside A G8 (RA-G8), Rebaudioside A G9 (RA-G9), Rebaudioside B G1 (RB-G1),
Rebaudioside B G2 (RB-G2), Rebaudioside B G3 (RB-G3), Rebaudioside B G4 (RB-G4),
Rebaudioside B G5 (RB-G5), Rebaudioside B G6 (RB-G6), Rebaudioside B G7 (RB-G7),
Rebaudioside B G8 (RB-G8), Rebaudioside B G9 (RB-G9), Rebaudioside C G1 (RC-G1),
Rebaudioside C G2 (RC-G2), Rebaudioside C G3 (RC-G3), Rebaudioside C G4 (RC-G4),
Rebaudioside C G5 (RC-G5), Rebaudioside C G6 (RC-G6), Rebaudioside C G7 (RC-G7),
Rebaudioside C G8 (RC-G8), Rebaudioside C G9 (RC-G9), or any combination thereof can be incorporated into the sweetener compositions of the current invention. Alternatively in the current embodiments, the glycosylation process can be modified as to provide partially glycosylated steviol glycosides that can have further unique taste profiles. One embodiment comprises a composition comprising one or more stevia glycosides selected from Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside M, Rebaudioside E, and/or Rebaudioside I as the raw material for glycosylation. One embodiment comprises compositions including any GSGs originated from one or more stevia glycosides selected from Reb D, Reb M, Reb E, and/orReb I.
[00478] A suitable method to prepare the glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs) can be found, for example, in KR10-2008-0085811 in Examples 1 and 2. It is also anticipated that other steviol glycosides, for example steviol, steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside and dulcoside A can be enzymatically modified to afford their corresponding multiple glycosylated glycosides: Steviol Gl, Steviol G2 Steviol G3, Steviol G4, Steviol G5, Steviol G6, Steviol G7, Steviol G8, Steviol G9, Steviobioside Gl, Steviobioside G2, Steviobioside G3, Steviobioside G4, Steviobioside G5, Steviobioside G6, Steviobioside G7, Steviobioside G8, Steviobioside G9, Rebaudioside B Gl, Rebaudioside B G2, Rebaudioside B G3, Rebaudioside B G4, Rebaudioside B G5, Rebaudioside B G6, Rebaudioside B G7, Rebaudioside B G8, Rebaudioside B G9, Rebaudioside C Gl, Rebaudioside C G2, Rebaudioside C G3, Rebaudioside C G4, Rebaudioside C G5, Rebaudioside C G6, Rebaudioside C G7, Rebaudioside C G8, Rebaudioside C G9, Rebaudioside D Gl, Rebaudioside D G2, Rebaudioside D G3, Rebaudioside D G4, Rebaudioside D G5, Rebaudioside D G6, Rebaudioside D G7, Rebaudioside D G8, Rebaudioside D G9, Rebaudioside E Gl, Rebaudioside E G2, Rebaudioside E G3, Rebaudioside E G4, Rebaudioside E G5, Rebaudioside E G6, Rebaudioside E G7, Rebaudioside E G8,
Rebaudioside E G9, Rebaudioside F Gl, Rebaudioside F G2, Rebaudioside F G3, Rebaudioside F G4, Rebaudioside F G5, Rebaudioside F G6, Rebaudioside F G7, Rebaudioside F G8,
Rebaudioside F G9, Rebaudioside M Gl, Rebaudioside M G2, Rebaudioside M G3, Rebaudioside E G4, Rebaudioside M G5, Rebaudioside M G6, Rebaudioside M G7, Rebaudioside M G8,
Rebaudioside M G9, Rubusoside Gl, Rubusoside G2, Rubusoside G3, Rubusoside G4,
Rubusoside G5, Rubusoside G6, Rubusoside G7, Rubusoside G8, Rubusoside G9, Dulcoside A Gl, Dulcoside A G2, Dulcoside A G3, Dulcoside A G4, Dulcoside A G5, Dulcoside A G6, Dulcoside A G7, Dulcoside A G8, and Dulcoside A G9.
[00479] In a particular aspect, GSG-RA20, GSG-RA30, GSG-RA40, GSG-RA50, GSG-RA60, GSG-RA70, GSG-RA80, GSG-RA90, GSG-RA95, GSG-RA97, GSG-(RA50+RB8), GSG-(RA30+RC15), and GSG-(RA40+RB8) are GSGs which are used to be combined with steviol glycosides, such as RA, RB, RD, etc. GSG-RA20 is typically prepared from RA20 as a key starting material, GSG-RA30 is typically prepared from RA30 as a key starting material, GSG-RA40 is typically prepared from RA40 as a key starting material, GSG-RA50 is typically prepared from RA50 as a key starting material, GSG-RA60 is typically prepared from RA60 as a key starting material, GSG-RA70 is typically prepared from RA70 as a key starting material, GSG-RA80 is prepared from RA80 as the key starting material, GSG-RA90 is typically prepared from RA90 as a key starting material, GSG- RA95 is typically prepared from RA95 as a key starting material, and GSG-RA97 is prepared from RA97 as a key starting material. Since each composition contains varying concentrations of GSGs and steviol glycosides, then each composition may have different taste profiles. It is envisioned that specific ratios of GSGs and steviol glycosides may have unique and beneficial physical and chemical properties that are unknown and have not been previously disclosed.
[00480] Raw materials in this specification of invention shall consist of one or more of the following:
[00481] 1) A protein nitrogen source:
Protein nitrogen containing foods (meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products, cereals, vegetable products, fruits, yeasts) and their extracts. Hydrolysis products of the above, autolyzed yeasts, peptides, amino acids and/or their salts.
[00482] 2) A carbohydrate source:
- Foods containing carbohydrates (cereals, vegetable products and fruits) and their extracts.
- mono-, di- and polysaccharides (sugars, dextrins, starchesand edible gums)
- Hydrolysis products of the above.
[00483] 3) A fat or fatty acid source:
- Foods containing fats and oils.
- Edible fats and oil from animal, marine orvegetable origin.
- Hydrogenated, trans-esterified and/or fractionated fats and oils.
- Hydrolysis products of the above.
[00484] 4) A miscellaneous list of additional ingredients:
Foodstuffs, herbs, spices, their extracts andflavoring substances identified therein
- Water
- Thiamine and its hydrochloric salt
• Ascorbic, Citric, Lactic, Fumaric, Malic, Succinic, Tartaric and the Na, K, Ca, Mg and NH4 salts of these acids.
• Guanylic acid and inosinic acid and its Na, K and Ca salts.
• Inositol
• Sodium, potassium and ammonium sulphides, hydrosulphides and polysulphides.
• Lecithin
• Acids, bases and salts as pH regulators:
• Acetic, hydrochloric, phosphoric and sulphuric acids. Sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium hydroxide. The salts of the above acids and bases.
• Polymethylsiloxane as antifoaming agent.
• It is also possible to use following raw material to produce NATURAL PRODUCTS by this invention:
• Sugar Syrups:
• Xylose syrup, arabinose syrup and rhamnose syrup manufactured from beech wood.
Ardilla Technologies supply these along with natural crystalline L-xylose, L-arabinose and L-rhamnose.
• Hydrolyzed gum arabic:
• Hydrolyzed with acid forms arabinose. Cellulose enzymes can also be used.
• Meat Extracts:
• Commercially available from a number of companies such as Henningsens
• (Chicken skin and meat). Gives excellent chicken notes.
• Jardox: Meat and poultry extracts and stocks.
• Kanegrade: Fish powders, anchovy, squid, tuna and others. • Vegetable Powders:
• As well as onion and garlic powders, celery, tomato and leek powders are very effective flavor contributors to reaction flavors.
• Egg Yolk:
• Contains 50% fat and 50% protein. The fat contains phospholipids and lecithin. The proteins are coagulating proteins and their activity must be destroyed by hydrolysis with acid or by the use of proteases prior to use. This will also liberate amino acids and peptides useful in reaction flavors. (Allergen activity)
• Vegetable oils:
• Peanut (groundnut) oil - Oleic acid 50%, Linoleic acid 32% - beef and lamb profile.
Sunflower - linoleic acid 50 - 75%, oleic 25% - chicken profile.
• Canola (rapeseed) - oleic 60%, linoleic 20%, alpha-linoleic 10%, gadoleic 12%.
• Sauces:
• Fish sauce, soy sauce, oyster sauce, miso.
• Enzyme Digests:
• Beef heart digest - rich in phospholipids. Liver digest - at low levels <5% gives a rich meaty character. Meat digests can also add authenticity but they are usually not as powerful as yeast extracts and HVPs.
• Enzyme enhanced umami products - shitake or porcini mushrooms, kombu. Enzyme digested fats - beef, lamb, etc.
[00485] During the process, phosphate could be used as catalyst to help the conversion of Amadori compounds to flavor compounds.
[00486] In this specification, following Methods could be used for production of MRPs.
• Reflux at Atmospheric Pressure
• Reaction under Pressure
• Oven Drying
• Vacuum Oven Drying
• Roller/Drum Drying
• Surface Scraped Heat Exchange
• Extrusion
[00487] All of the components of the compositions disclosed herein can be purchased or be made by processes known to those of ordinary skill in the art and combined (e.g., precipitation/co-precipitation, mixing, blending, grounding, mortar and pestle, microemulsion, solvothermal, sonochemical, etc.) or treated as defined by the current invention. Specifically, as examples, any one or more of GSG-RA20, GSG-RA30, GSG-RA40, GSG-RA50, GSG-RA60, GSG- RA70, GSG-RA80, GSG-RA90, GSG-RA95, GSG-RA97, GSG-(RA50+RB8), GSG-(RA30+RC15), and GSG-(RA40+RB8) can be combined with one or more of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside and dulcoside A to provide suitable sweetening agent compositions. The content of GSG or GSGs from any one or more of GSG- RA20, GSG-RA30, GSG-RA40, GSG-RA50, GSG-RA60, GSG-RA70, GSG-RA80, GSG-RA90, GSG- RA95, GSG-RA97, GSG-(RA50+RB8), GSG-(RA30+RC15), and GSG-(RA40+RB8) mixed with the disclosed steviol glycosides such as the steviol glycosides found in the stevia plant or sweet tea extract can be from 1 % wt/wt to 100 % wt/wt. A GSG or GSGs, such as any one or more of GSG-RA20, GSG-RA30, GSG-RA40, GSG-RA50, GSG-RA60, GSG-RA70, GSG-RA80, GSG-RA90, GSG-RA95, GSG-RA97, GSG-(RA50+RB8), GSG-(RA30+RC15), and GSG-(RA40+RB8) can be included in the compositions described herein at 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt. 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22 % wt/wt, 23 % wt/wt, 24 % wt/wt, 25 % wt/wt, 26 % wt/wt, 27 % wt/wt, 28 % wt/wt, 29 % wt/wt, 30 % wt/wt, 31 % wt/wt, 32 % wt/wt, 33 % wt/wt, 34 % wt/wt, 35 % wt/wt, 36 % wt/wt, 37 % wt/wt, 38 % wt/wt, 39 % wt/wt, 40 % wt/wt, 41 % wt/wt, 42 % wt/wt, 43 % wt/wt, 44 % wt/wt, 45 % wt/wt, 46 % wt/wt, 47 % wt/wt, 48 % wt/wt, 49 % wt/wt, 50 % wt/wt, 51 % wt/wt, 52 % wt/wt, 53 % wt/wt, 54 % wt/wt, 55 % wt/wt, 56 % wt/wt, 57 % wt/wt, 58 % wt/wt, 59 % wt/wt, 60 % wt/wt, 61 % wt/wt, 62 % wt/wt, 63 % wt/wt, 64 % wt/wt, 65 % wt/wt, 66 % wt/wt, 67 % wt/wt, 68 % wt/wt, 69 % wt/wt, 70 % wt/wt, 71 % wt/wt, 72 % wt/wt, 73 % wt/wt, 74 % wt/wt, 75 % wt/wt, 76 % wt/wt, 77 % wt/wt, 78 % wt/wt, 79 % wt/wt, 80 % wt/wt, 81 % wt/wt, 82 % wt/wt, 83 % wt/wt, 84 % wt/wt, 85 % wt/wt, 86 % wt/wt, 87 % wt/wt, 88 % wt/wt, 89 % wt/wt, 90 % wt/wt, 91 % wt/wt, 92 % wt/wt, 93 % wt/wt, 94 % wt/wt, 95 % wt/wt, 96 % wt/wt, 97 % wt/wt, 98 % wt/wt, 99 % wt/wt, or 100 % wt/wt and all ranges between 1 and 100 % wt/wt, for example less than about 70 percentage by weight, less than about 50 percentage by weight, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about
2 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about
3 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 20 to less than about 50 percentage by weight, from about BO to less than about 50 percentage by weight, from about 40 to less than about 50 percentage by weight, and from about 20 to 45 percentage by weight of the sweetening agent composition.
[00488] In another aspect, the one or more steviol glycosides (SG's) including steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, and dulcoside A, as well as those included in Table 2, are contained in the sweetening agent composition. The steviol glycosides of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22 % wt/wt, 23 % wt/wt, 24 % wt/wt, 25 % wt/wt, 26 % wt/wt, 27 % wt/wt, 28 % wt/wt, 29 % wt/wt, 30 % wt/wt, 31 % wt/wt, 32 % wt/wt, 33 % wt/wt, 34 % wt/wt, 35 % wt/wt, 36 % wt/wt, 37 % wt/wt, 38 % wt/wt, 39 % wt/wt, 40 % wt/wt, 41 % wt/wt, 42 % wt/wt, 43 % wt/wt, 44 % wt/wt, 45 % wt/wt, 46 % wt/wt, 47 % wt/wt, 48 % wt/wt, 49 % wt/wt, 50 % wt/wt, 51 % wt/wt, 52 % wt/wt, 53 % wt/wt, 54 % wt/wt, 55 % wt/wt, 56 % wt/wt, 57 % wt/wt, 58 % wt/wt, 59 % wt/wt, 60 % wt/wt, 61 % wt/wt, 62 % wt/wt, 63 % wt/wt, 64 % wt/wt, 65 % wt/wt, 66 % wt/wt, 67 % wt/wt, 68 % wt/wt, 69 % wt/wt, 70 % wt/wt, 71 % wt/wt, 72 % wt/wt, 73 % wt/wt, 74 % wt/wt, 75 % wt/wt, 76 % wt/wt, 77 % wt/wt, 78 % wt/wt, 79 % wt/wt, 80 % wt/wt, 81 % wt/wt, 82 % wt/wt, 83 % wt/wt, 84 % wt/wt, 85 % wt/wt, 86 % wt/wt, 87 % wt/wt, 88 % wt/wt, 89 % wt/wt, 90 % wt/wt, 91 % wt/wt, 92 % wt/wt, 93 % wt/wt, 94 % wt/wt, 95 % wt/wt, 96 % wt/wt, 97 % wt/wt, 98 % wt/wt, 99 % wt/wt, or 100 % wt/wt and all ranges between 1 and 100 % wt/wt, for example from about 1 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about
2 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about
3 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, and from about 10 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, of the sweetening composition.
[00489] In another aspect, the one or more mogrosides (MGs) are contained in the compositions described herein. The MGs of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, IB % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22 % wt/wt, 23 % wt/wt, 24 % wt/wt, 25 % wt/wt, 26 % wt/wt, 27 % wt/wt, 28 % wt/wt, 29 % wt/wt, 30 % wt/wt, 31 % wt/wt, 32 % wt/wt, 33 % wt/wt, 34 % wt/wt, 35 % wt/wt, 36 % wt/wt, 37 % wt/wt, 38 % wt/wt, 39 % wt/wt, 40 % wt/wt, 41 % wt/wt, 42 % wt/wt, 43 % wt/wt, 44 % wt/wt, 45 % wt/wt, 46 % wt/wt, 47 % wt/wt, 48 % wt/wt, 49 % wt/wt, 50 % wt/wt, 51 % wt/wt, 52 % wt/wt, 53 % wt/wt, 54 % wt/wt, 55 % wt/wt, 56 % wt/wt, 57 % wt/wt, 58 % wt/wt, 59 % wt/wt, 60 % wt/wt, 61 % wt/wt, 62 % wt/wt, 63 % wt/wt, 64 % wt/wt, 65 % wt/wt, 66 % wt/wt, 67 % wt/wt, 68 % wt/wt, 69 % wt/wt, 70 % wt/wt, 71 % wt/wt, 72 % wt/wt, 73 % wt/wt, 74 % wt/wt, 75 % wt/wt, 76 % wt/wt, 77 % wt/wt, 78 % wt/wt, 79 % wt/wt, 80 % wt/wt, 81 % wt/wt, 82 % wt/wt, 83 % wt/wt, 84 % wt/wt, 85 % wt/wt, 86 % wt/wt, 87 % wt/wt, 88 % wt/wt, 89 % wt/wt, 90 % wt/wt, 91 % wt/wt, 92 % wt/wt, 93 % wt/wt, 94 % wt/wt, 95 % wt/wt, 96 % wt/wt, 97 % wt/wt, 98 % wt/wt, 99 % wt/wt, or 100 % wt/wt and all ranges between 1 and 100 % wt/wt, for example from about 1 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, and from about 10 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, of the sweetening composition.
[00490] In another aspect, the one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs) are contained in the composition described herein. The GSGs of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22 % wt/wt, 23 % wt/wt, 24 % wt/wt, 25 % wt/wt, 26 % wt/wt, 27 % wt/wt, 28 % wt/wt, 29 % wt/wt, 30 % wt/wt, 31 % wt/wt, 32 % wt/wt, 33 % wt/wt, 34 % wt/wt, 35 % wt/wt, 36 % wt/wt, 37 % wt/wt, 38 % wt/wt, 39 % wt/wt, 40 % wt/wt, 41 % wt/wt, 42 % wt/wt, 43 % wt/wt, 44 % wt/wt, 45 % wt/wt, 46 % wt/wt, 47 % wt/wt, 48 % wt/wt, 49 % wt/wt, 50 % wt/wt, 51 % wt/wt, 52 % wt/wt, 53 % wt/wt, 54 % wt/wt, 55 % wt/wt, 56 % wt/wt, 57 % wt/wt, 58 % wt/wt, 59 % wt/wt, 60 % wt/wt, 61 % wt/wt, 62 % wt/wt, 63 % wt/wt, 64 % wt/wt, 65 % wt/wt, 66 % wt/wt, 67 % wt/wt, 68 % wt/wt, 69 % wt/wt, 70 % wt/wt, 71 % wt/wt, 72 % wt/wt, 73 % wt/wt, 74 % wt/wt, 75 % wt/wt, 76 % wt/wt, 77 % wt/wt, 78 % wt/wt, 79 % wt/wt, 80 % wt/wt, 81 % wt/wt, 82 % wt/wt, 83 % wt/wt, 84 % wt/wt, 85 % wt/wt, 86 % wt/wt, 87 % wt/wt, 88 % wt/wt, 89 % wt/wt, 90 % wt/wt, 91 % wt/wt, 92 % wt/wt, 93 % wt/wt, 94 % wt/wt, 95 % wt/wt, 96 % wt/wt, 97 % wt/wt, 98 % wt/wt, 99 % wt/wt, or 100 % wt/wt and all ranges between 1 and 100 % wt/wt, for example from about 1 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, and from about 10 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, of the sweetening composition.
[00491] In another aspect, the one or more glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs) are contained in the compositions described herein. The GMGs of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22 % wt/wt, 23 % wt/wt, 24 % wt/wt, 25 % wt/wt, 26 % wt/wt, 27 % wt/wt, 28 % wt/wt, 29 % wt/wt, 30 % wt/wt, 31 % wt/wt, 32 % wt/wt, 33 % wt/wt, 34 % wt/wt, 35 % wt/wt, 36 % wt/wt, 37 % wt/wt, 38 % wt/wt, 39 % wt/wt, 40 % wt/wt, 41 % wt/wt, 42 % wt/wt, 43 % wt/wt, 44 % wt/wt, 45 % wt/wt, 46 % wt/wt, 47 % wt/wt, 48 % wt/wt, 49 % wt/wt, 50 % wt/wt, 51 % wt/wt, 52 % wt/wt, 53 % wt/wt, 54 % wt/wt, 55 % wt/wt, 56 % wt/wt, 57 % wt/wt, 58 % wt/wt, 59 % wt/wt, 60 % wt/wt, 61 % wt/wt, 62 % wt/wt, 63 % wt/wt, 64 % wt/wt, 65 % wt/wt, 66 % wt/wt, 67 % wt/wt, 68 % wt/wt, 69 % wt/wt, 70 % wt/wt, 71 % wt/wt, 72 % wt/wt, 73 % wt/wt, 74 % wt/wt, 75 % wt/wt, 76 % wt/wt, 77 % wt/wt, 78 % wt/wt, 79 % wt/wt, 80 % wt/wt, 81 % wt/wt, 82 % wt/wt, 83 % wt/wt, 84 % wt/wt, 85 % wt/wt, 86 % wt/wt, 87 % wt/wt, 88 % wt/wt, 89 % wt/wt, 90 % wt/wt, 91 % wt/wt, 92 % wt/wt, 93 % wt/wt, 94 % wt/wt, 95 % wt/wt, 96 % wt/wt, 97 % wt/wt, 98 % wt/wt, 99 % wt/wt, or 100 % wt/wt and all ranges between 1 and 100 % wt/wt, for example from about 1 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, and from about 10 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, of the sweetening composition. [00492] In one aspect, in an exemplary composition having two different components,
Figure imgf000082_0001
the components can have ratios of from 1:99, 2:98, 3:97, 4:96, 5:95, 6:94, 7:93, 8:92, 9:91,
Figure imgf000082_0003
and all ranges therebetween wherein the ratios are from 1:99 and vice versa, e.g., a ratio of from 1:99 to 50:50, from 30:70 to 42:58, etc.
[00493] It should be understood that the different components can be sweeteners, non nutritive sweeteners, individual components of sweeteners, such as RA, RB, RD, RM, etc., components of stevia extracts, components of mogroside extracts, etc.
[00494] In another aspect, in an exemplary composition having three different components, e.g., SGs, the components can have ratios of from 1:1:98, 1:2:97, 1:3:96, 1:4:95,
Figure imgf000082_0002
Figure imgf000083_0001
Figure imgf000084_0001
[00495] It should be understood that the different components can be sweeteners, non nutritive sweeteners, individual components of sweeteners, such as RA, RB, RD, RM, etc., components of stevia extracts, components of mogroside extracts, etc.
[00496] It is noted that the present disclosure is not limited to compositions having only two or three different components, e.g., SGs, MGs, GSGs, GMGs, non-nutritive sweeteners, etc. herein, and that the exemplary ratios are non-limiting. Rather, the same formula can be followed for establishing ratios of as many different components as are contained within a given composition. As a further example, in a composition that comprises 20 different components described herein, the components can have ratios of from and all possible
Figure imgf000084_0002
combinations of ratios therebetween. In some embodiments, a composition of the present disclosure may have up to and including a combination of all compounds, for example but not limited to, those in Table 2.
[00497] A "glycosylated sweet tea extract" refers to a sweet tea extract that is glycosylated at least at one or more positions in addition to those positions glycosylated in native form, obtained, for example, by synthetic manipulation or by enzymatic processes.
[00498] The terms "glycosylated sweet tea glycosylate", or "glycosylated sweet tea extract containing a glycosylated rubusoside or kaurane-type diterpene glycosides suaviosides B, G, H, I and J" refers to compounds obtained by transglycosylating sweet tea extract containing rubusoside or suaviosides, or transglycosylating purified sweet tea extract so as to add glucose units, for example, one, two, three, four, five or more than five glucose units, to the native rubusoside or suavioside(s) by glycosyltransferase, preferably, CGTase enzyme (cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase). Herein, the glycosylated sweet tea glycosylates, comprises short chain compounds obtained by hydrolyzation of glycosylated product and also comprises non-glycosylated ingredients which are the residue of non-reacted rubusoside or suavioside(s), or unreacted components other than rubusoside or suavioside(s) contained in the sweet tea extract.
[00499] In another aspect, the one or more rubusoside and or suavioside(s) are contained in the compositions described herein. The rubusoside and or suavioside(s) of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22 % wt/wt, 23 % wt/wt, 24 % wt/wt, 25 % wt/wt, 26 % wt/wt, 27 % wt/wt, 28 % wt/wt, 29 % wt/wt, 30 % wt/wt, 31 % wt/wt, 32 % wt/wt, 33 % wt/wt, 34 % wt/wt, 35 % wt/wt, 36 % wt/wt, 37 % wt/wt, 38 % wt/wt, 39 % wt/wt, 40 % wt/wt, 41 % wt/wt, 42 % wt/wt, 43 % wt/wt, 44 % wt/wt, 45 % wt/wt, 46 % wt/wt, 47 % wt/wt, 48 % wt/wt, 49 % wt/wt, 50 % wt/wt, 51 % wt/wt, 52 % wt/wt, 53 % wt/wt, 54 % wt/wt, 55 % wt/wt, 56 % wt/wt, 57 % wt/wt, 58 % wt/wt, 59 % wt/wt, 60 % wt/wt, 61 % wt/wt, 62 % wt/wt, 63 % wt/wt, 64 % wt/wt, 65 % wt/wt, 66 % wt/wt, 67 % wt/wt, 68 % wt/wt, 69 % wt/wt, 70 % wt/wt, 71 % wt/wt, 72 % wt/wt, 73 % wt/wt, 74 % wt/wt, 75 % wt/wt, 76 % wt/wt, 77 % wt/wt, 78 % wt/wt, 79 % wt/wt, 80 % wt/wt, 81 % wt/wt, 82 % wt/wt, 83 % wt/wt, 84 % wt/wt, 85 % wt/wt, 86 % wt/wt, 87 % wt/wt, 88 % wt/wt, 89 % wt/wt, 90 % wt/wt, 91 % wt/wt, 92 % wt/wt, 93 % wt/wt, 94 % wt/wt, 95 % wt/wt, 96 % wt/wt,
97 % wt/wt, 98 % wt/wt, 99 % wt/wt, or 100 % wt/wt and all ranges between 1 and 100 % wt/wt, for example from about 1 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about
98 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, and from about 10 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, of the sweetening composition. [00500] In another aspect, the one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides are contained in the composition described herein. The glycosylated sweet tea glycosides of the compositions can make up 1 % wt/wt, 2 % wt/wt, 3 % wt/wt, 4 % wt/wt, 5 % wt/wt, 6 % wt/wt, 7 % wt/wt, 8 % wt/wt, 9 % wt/wt, 10 % wt/wt, 11 % wt/wt, 12 % wt/wt, 13 % wt/wt, 14 % wt/wt, 15 % wt/wt, 16 % wt/wt, 17 % wt/wt, 18 % wt/wt, 19 % wt/wt, 20 % wt/wt, 21 % wt/wt, 22 % wt/wt, 23 % wt/wt, 24 % wt/wt, 25 % wt/wt, 26 % wt/wt, 27 % wt/wt, 28 % wt/wt, 29 % wt/wt, 30 % wt/wt, 31 % wt/wt, 32 % wt/wt, 33 % wt/wt, 34 % wt/wt, 35 % wt/wt, 36 % wt/wt, 37 % wt/wt, 38 % wt/wt, 39 % wt/wt, 40 % wt/wt, 41 % wt/wt, 42 % wt/wt, 43 % wt/wt, 44 % wt/wt, 45 % wt/wt, 46 % wt/wt, 47 % wt/wt, 48 % wt/wt, 49 % wt/wt, 50 % wt/wt, 51 % wt/wt, 52 % wt/wt, 53 % wt/wt, 54 % wt/wt, 55 % wt/wt, 56 % wt/wt, 57 % wt/wt, 58 % wt/wt, 59 % wt/wt, 60 % wt/wt, 61 % wt/wt, 62 % wt/wt, 63 % wt/wt, 64 % wt/wt, 65 % wt/wt, 66 % wt/wt, 67 % wt/wt, 68 % wt/wt, 69 % wt/wt, 70 % wt/wt, 71 % wt/wt, 72 % wt/wt, 73 % wt/wt, 74 % wt/wt, 75 % wt/wt, 76 % wt/wt, 77 % wt/wt, 78 % wt/wt, 79 % wt/wt, 80 % wt/wt, 81 % wt/wt, 82 % wt/wt, 83 % wt/wt, 84 % wt/wt, 85 % wt/wt, 86 % wt/wt, 87 % wt/wt, 88 % wt/wt, 89 % wt/wt, 90 % wt/wt, 91 % wt/wt, 92 % wt/wt, 93 % wt/wt, 94 % wt/wt, 95 % wt/wt, 96 % wt/wt,
97 % wt/wt, 98 % wt/wt, 99 % wt/wt, or 100 % wt/wt and all ranges between 1 and 100 % wt/wt, for example from about 1 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about
98 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 1 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 2 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 3 % wt/wt to about 5 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, from about 5 % wt/wt to about 10 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 99 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 98 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 97 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 95 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 90 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 80 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 70 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 60 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 50 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 40 % wt/wt, from about 10 % wt/wt to about 30 % wt/wt, and from about 10 % wt/wt to about 20 % wt/wt, of the sweetening composition.
[00501] In other embodiments, the composition of the present application further comprises one or more additional additives. Examples of additional additives include, but are not limited to, salts, flavoring agents, minerals, organic acids and inorganic acids, polyols, nucleotides, bitter compounds, astringent compounds, proteins or protein hydrolysates, surfactants, gums and waxes, antioxidants, polymers, fatty acids, vitamins, preservatives, and hydration agents, as further described below
i. Salts
[00502] The composition of the present application can comprise one or more salts. As used herein, the term "salt" refers to salts that retain the desired chemical activity of the compositions of the present application and are safe for human or animal consumption in a generally acceptable range.
[00503] The one or more salts may be organic or inorganic salts. Nonlimiting examples of salts include sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium sulfate, or any edible salt, for example calcium salts, metal alkali halides, metal alkali carbonates, metal alkali bicarbonates, metal alkali phosphates, metal alkali sulfates, biphosphates, pyrophospates, triphosphates, metaphosphates, and metabisulfates.
[00504] In some embodiments, the one or more salts are salts formed with metal cations such as calcium, bismuth, barium, magnesium, aluminum, copper, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, sodium, potassium, and the like, or with a cation formed from ammonia, N, N- dibenzylethylenediamine, D-glucosamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N- methylglucamine tetraethylammonium, or ethylenediamine.
[00505] In some embodiments, the one or more salts are formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4- hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-l-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 3- phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid and muconic acid.
[00506] In particular embodiments, non-limiting inorganic salts may be selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium acetate, europium chloride (EuCI3), gadolinium chloride (GdCI3), terbium chloride (TbCI3), magnesium sulfate, alum, magnesium chloride, mono-, di-, tri-basic sodium or potassium salts of phosphoric acid (e.g., inorganic phosphates), salts of hydrochloric acid (e.g., inorganic chlorides), sodium carbonate, sodium bisulfate, and sodium bicarbonate. Exemplary organic salts may be selected from the group consisting of choline chloride, alginic acid sodium salt (sodium alginate), glucoheptonic acid sodium salt, gluconic acid sodium salt (sodium gluconate), gluconic acid potassium salt (potassium gluconate), guanidine HCI, glucosamine HCI, amiloride HCI, monosodium glutamate (MSG), adenosine monophosphate salt, magnesium gluconate, potassium tartrate (monohydrate), and sodium tartrate (dihydrate).
[00507] In certain embodiments, the salt is a metal or metal alkali halide, a metal or metal alkali carbonate or bicarbonate, or a metal or metal alkali phosphate, bisphosphate, pyrophosphate, triphosphate, metaphosphate, or metabisulfate thereof. In certain particular embodiments, the salt is an inorganic salt that comprises sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium. In some embodiments, the salt is a sodium salt or a potassium salt.
[00508] The salt forms can be added to the sweetener compositions in the same amounts as their acid or base forms.
[00509] Alternative salts include various chloride or sulfate salts, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium sulfate, or any edible salt.
[00510] In some embodiments, the one or more salts comprise one or more salts of steviol glycosides (SG salts) and/or salts of glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSG-salts). In some further embodiments, the one or more SG salts comprise a salt of RB and/or STB.
[00511] In some embodiments, the one or more salts comprise one or more amino acid salts. In some embodiments, the one or more salts comprise one or more poly-amino acid salts.
[00512] In some embodiments, the one or more salts comprise one or more sugar acid salts.
[00513] The one or more salts can make up anywhere from about 0.01 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the composition of the present application, specifically about 0.01 wt. %, about 0.02 wt. %, about 0.03 wt. %, about 0.04 wt. %, about 0.05 wt. %, about 0.06 wt. %, about 0.07 wt. %, about 0.08 wt. %, about 0.09 wt. %, 0.1 wt. %, about 0.2 wt. %, about 0.3 wt. %, about 0.4 wt. %, about 0.5 wt. %, about 0.6 wt. %, about 0.7 wt. %, about 0.8 wt. %, about 0.9 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, about 3 wt. %, about 4 wt. %, about 5 wt. %, about 6 wt. %, about 7 wt. %, about 8 wt. %, about 9 wt. %, about 10 wt. %, about 11 wt. %, about 12 wt. %, about 13 wt. %, about 14 wt. %, about 15 wt. %, about 16 wt. %, about 17 wt. %, about 18 wt. %, about 19 wt. %, about 20 wt. %, about 21 wt. %, about 22 wt. %, about 23 wt. %, about 24 wt. %, about 25 wt. %, about 26 wt. %, about 27 wt. %, about 28 wt. %, about 29 wt. %, about 30 wt. %, about 31 wt. %, about 32 wt. %, about 33 wt. %, about 34 wt. %, about 35 wt. %, about 36 wt. %, about 37 wt. %, about 38 wt. %, about 39 wt. %, about 40 wt. %, about 41 wt. %, about 42 wt. %, about 43 wt. %, about 44 wt. %, about 45 wt. %, about 46 wt. %, about 47 wt. %, about 48 wt. %, about 49 wt. %, about 50 wt. %, and all ranges there between, including for example from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 0.03 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 0.05 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 0.07 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt %, about 0.3 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 0.7 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 1 wt% to about 10 wt %, about 3 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 5 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 7 wt % to about 10 wt %, about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt %, about 0.03 wt % to about 3 wt %, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, about 0.07 wt % to about 3 wt %, about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt %, about 0.3 wt % to about 3 wt %, about 0.5 wt % to about 3 wt %, about 0.7 wt % to about 3 wt %, about 1 wt% to about 3 wt %, about 0.01 wt % to about 1 wt %, about 0.03 wt % to about 1 wt %, about 0.05 wt % to about 1 wt %, about 0.07 wt % to about 1 wt %, about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt %, about 0.3 wt % to about 1 wt %, about 0.5 wt % to about 1 wt %, about 0.7 wt % to about 1 wt %, about 0.01 wt % to about 0.3 wt %, about 0.03 wt % to about 0.3 wt %, about 0.05 wt % to about 0.3 wt %, about 0.07 wt % to about 0.3 wt %, about 0.1 wt% to about 0.3 wt %, about 0.01 wt % to about 0.1 wt %, about 0.03 wt % to about 0.1 wt %, about 0.05 wt % to about 0.1 wt %, about 0.07 wt % to about 0.1 wt %, about 0.01 wt % to about 0.03 wt %, about 0.01 wt % to about 0.05 wt %, about 0.01 wt % to about 0.07 wt %, about 5 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, from about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, or from about 20 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the composition of the present application. [00514] Regardless of the salt used in the present compositions, the salt content in a composition is calculated based on the weight of sodium chloride. More specifically, the salt content (based on weight of NaCI) may be determined by determining the total ash content of a sample according to the general method for determining total ash content as set forth in FAO JECFA MONOGRAPHS, vol. 4, 2007. The weight of sodium chloride is determined from the weight of sodium oxide multiplied by a factor of 1.89. For example, if the total ash content of lOOg the composition of the present application is lg, the composition of the present application has a salt content of 1.89 wt %.
ii. Flavoring agents
[00515] As used herein, a "flavoring agent" or "flavorant" herein refers to a compound or an ingestibly acceptable salt or solvate thereof that induces a flavor or taste in an animal or a human. The flavoring agent can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic. Suitable flavorants and flavoring ingredient additives for use in the compositions of the present application include, but are not limited to, vanillin, vanilla extract, mango extract, cinnamon, citrus, coconut, ginger, viridiflorol, almond, bay, thyme, cedar leaf, nutmeg, allspice, sage, mace, menthol (including menthol without mint), an essential oil, such as an oil produced from a plant or a fruit, such as peppermint oil, spearmint oil, other mint oils, clove oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen, or an oil of almonds; a plant extract, fruit extract or fruit essence from grape skin extract, grape seed extract, apple, banana, watermelon, pear, peach, grape, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot, a flavoring agent comprising a citrus flavor, such as an extract, essence, or oil of lemon, lime, orange, tangerine, grapefruit, citron, kumquat, or combinations thereof.
[00516] Non-limiting examples of proprietary flavorants include Dohler™ Natural Flavoring Sweetness Enhancer K14323 (Dohler™, Darmstadt, Germany), Symrise™ Natural Flavor Mask for Sweeteners 161453 and 164126 (Symrise™, Holzminden, Germany), Natural Advantage™ Bitterness Blockers 1, 2, 9 and 10 (Natural Advantage™, Freehold, New Jersey, U.S.A.), and Sucramask™ (Creative Research Management, Stockton, California, U.S.A.). [00517] In some embodiments, the flavoring agent is present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide a final amount of from about 0.1 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
iii. Minerals
[00518] Minerals comprise inorganic chemical elements required by living organisms. Minerals are comprised of a broad range of compositions (e.g., elements, simple salts, and complex silicates) and also vary broadly in crystalline structure. They may naturally occur in foods and beverages, may be added as a supplement, or may be consumed or administered separately from foods or beverages.
[00519] Minerals may be categorized as either bulk minerals, which are required in relatively large amounts, or trace minerals, which are required in relatively small amounts. Bulk minerals generally are required in amounts greater than or equal to about 100 mg per day and trace minerals are those that are required in amounts less than about 100 mg per day.
[00520] In some embodiments of the present application, the minerals are chosen from bulk minerals, trace minerals or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of bulk minerals include calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, and sulfur. Non limiting examples of trace minerals include chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, and iodine. Although iodine generally is classified as a trace mineral, it is required in larger quantities than other trace minerals and often is categorized as a bulk mineral.
[00521] In some embodiments, the mineral is a trace mineral, believed to be necessary for human nutrition, non-limiting examples of which include bismuth, boron, lithium, nickel, rubidium, silicon, strontium, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium.
[00522] The minerals embodied herein may be in any form known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, the minerals are in their ionic form, having either a positive or negative charge. For example, sulfur and phosphorous often are found naturally as sulfates, sulfides, and phosphates. In some embodiment, the minerals are present in their molecular form. [00523] In some embodiments, minerals are present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm in the final product.
iv. Organic acids and inorganic acids
[00524] Suitable organic acid additives include any compound which comprises a -COOH moiety, such as, for example, C2-C30 carboxylic acids, substituted hydroxyl C2-C30 carboxylic acids, butyric acid (ethyl esters), substituted butyric acid (ethyl esters), benzoic acid, substituted benzoic acids (e.g., 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), substituted cinnamic acids, hydroxyacids, substituted hydroxybenzoic acids, anisic acid substituted cyclohexyl carboxylic acids, tannic acid, aconitic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, gluconic acid, glucoheptonic acids, adipic acid, hydroxycitric acid, malic acid, fruitaric acid (a blend of malic, fumaric, and tartaric acids), fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, creatine, caffeic acid, bile acids, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, alginic acid, erythorbic acid, polyglutamic acid, glucono delta lactone, and their alkali or alkaline earth metal salt derivatives thereof. In addition, the organic acid additives also may be in either the D- or L-configuration.
[00525] The examples of the organic acid additives described optionally may be substituted with at least one group chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboxyl, acyl, acyloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl derivatives, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, cyano, sulfo, thiol, imine, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfamyl, carboxalkoxy, carboxamido, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl, phosphino, thioester, thioether, anhydride, oximino, hydrazino, carbamyl, phosphor or phosphonato. In some embodiments, the organic acid additive is present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 0.5 ppm to about 5,000 ppm in the final product.
[00526] Organic acids also include amino acids such as, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, threonine, theanine, cysteine, cystine, alanine, valine, tyrosine, leucine, arabinose, trans-4-hydroxyproline, isoleucine, asparagine, serine, lysine, histidine, ornithine, methionine, carnitine, aminobutyric acid (a-, b-, and/or d-isomers), glutamine, hydroxyproline, taurine, norvaline and sarcosine. The amino acid may be in the D- or L-configuration and in the mono-, di-, or tri-form of the same or different amino acids. Additionally, the amino acids may be a-, b-, g- and/or d-isomers if appropriate. Combinations of the foregoing amino acids and their corresponding salts (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium salts or other alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof, or acid salts) also are suitable additives in some embodiments. The amino acids may be natural or synthetic. The amino acids also may be modified. Modified amino acids refers to any amino acid wherein at least one atom has been added, removed, substituted, or combinations thereof (e.g., N-alkyl amino acid, N-acyl amino acid, or N-methyl amino acid). Non-limiting examples of modified amino acids include amino acid derivatives such as trimethyl glycine, N-methyl-glycine, and N-methyl-alanine. As used herein, modified amino acids encompass both modified and unmodified amino acids.
[00527] As used herein, amino acids also encompass both peptides and polypeptides (e.g., dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, and pentapeptides) such as glutathione and L- alanyl-L-glutamine. Suitable polyamino acid additives include poly-L-aspartic acid, poly-L-lysine (e.g., poly-L-a-lysine or poly-L-s-lysine), poly-L-ornithine (e.g., poly-L-a-ornithine or poly-L-s- ornithine), poly-L-arginine, other polymeric forms of amino acids, and salt forms thereof (e.g., calcium, potassium, sodium, or magnesium salts such as L-glutamic acid mono sodium salt). The poly-amino acid additives also may be in the D- or L-configuration. Additionally, the poly amino acids may be a-, b-, g-, d-, and e-isomers if appropriate. Combinations of the foregoing poly-amino acids and their corresponding salts (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium salts or other alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof or acid salts) also are suitable additives in some embodiments. The poly-amino acids described herein also may comprise co-polymers of different amino acids. The poly-amino acids may be natural or synthetic. The poly-amino acids also may be modified, such that at least one atom has been added, removed, substituted, or combinations thereof (e.g., N-alkyl poly-amino acid or N-acyl poly-amino acid). As used herein, poly-amino acids encompass both modified and unmodified poly-amino acids. For example, modified poly-amino acids include, but are not limited to, poly-amino acids of various molecular weights (MW), such as poly-L-a-lysine with a MW of 1,500, MW of 6,000, MW of 25,200, MW of 63,000, MW of 83,000, or MW of 300,000. [00528] In some embodiments, the amino acid is present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm in the final product.
[00529] Suitable inorganic acid additives include, but are not limited to, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, polyphosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof (e.g., inositol hexaphosphate Mg/Ca).
[00530] In some embodiments, the in organic acid is present in the composition of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm in the final product.
v. Polyols
[00531] The term "polyol," as used herein, refers to a molecule that contains more than one hydroxyl group. A polyol may be a diol, triol, or a tetraol which contains 2, 3, and 4 hydroxyl groups respectively. A polyol also may comprise more than 4 hydroxyl groups, such as a pentaol, hexaol, heptaol, or the like, which comprise 5, 6, or 7 hydroxyl groups, respectively. Additionally, a polyol also may be a sugar alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, or polyalcohol which is a reduced form of carbohydrate, wherein the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.
[00532] Non-limiting examples of polyols in some embodiments include maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol, xylitol, isomalt, propylene glycol, glycerol (glycerin), threitol, galactitol, palatinose, reduced isomalto-oligosaccharides, reduced xylo-oligosaccharides, reduced gentio-oligosaccharides, reduced maltose syrup, reduced glucose syrup, and sugar alcohols or any other carbohydrates capable of being reduced which do not adversely affect taste.
[00533] In some embodiments, polyol is present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm in the final product.
VI. Nucleotides [00534] Suitable nucleotide additives include, but are not limited to, inosine monophosphate ("IMP"), guanosine monophosphate ("GMP"), adenosine monophosphate ("AMP"), cytosine monophosphate (CMP), uracil monophosphate (UMP), inosine diphosphate, guanosine diphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, cytosine diphosphate, uracil diphosphate, inosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, cytosine triphosphate, uracil triphosphate, alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof, or combinations thereof. The nucleotides described herein also may comprise nucleotide-related additives, such as nucleosides or nucleic acid bases (e.g., guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil).
[00535] In some embodiments, nucleotide is present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 5 ppm to about 1,000 ppm in the final product.
vii. Bitter compounds
[00536] Suitable bitter compound additives include, but are not limited to, caffeine, quinine, urea, bitter orange oil, naringin, quassia, and salts thereof.
[00537] In some embodiments, bitter compounds are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm in the final product.
viii. Astringent compounds
[00538] Suitable astringent compound additives include, but are not limited to, tannic acid, europium chloride (EuCI3), gadolinium chloride (GdCI3), terbium chloride (TbCI3), alum, tannic acid, and polyphenols (e.g., tea polyphenols).
[00539] In some embodiments, astringent compound is present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 0.5 ppm to about 5,000 ppm in the final product.
ix. Proteins or protein hydrolysates
[00540] Suitable protein or protein hydrolysate additives include, but are not limited to, bovine serum albumin (BSA), whey protein (including fractions or concentrates thereof such as 90% instant whey protein isolate, 34% whey protein, 50%> hydrolyzed whey protein, and 80%> whey protein concentrate), soluble rice protein, soy protein, protein isolates, protein hydrolysates, reaction products of protein hydrolysates, glycoproteins, and/or proteoglycans containing amino acids (e.g., glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, norvaline, methionine, proline, tyrosine, hydroxyproline, and the like), collagen (e.g., gelatin), partially hydrolyzed collagen (e.g., hydrolyzed fish collagen), and collagen hydrolysates (e.g., porcine collagen hydrolysate).
[00541] In some embodiments, proteins or protein hydrolysates are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 50,000 ppm in the final product.
x. Surfactants
[00542] Suitable surfactant additives include, but are not limited to, polysorbates (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80), polysorbate 20, polysorbate 60), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate or dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium, sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetylpyridinium chloride (hexadecylpyridinium chloride), hexadecyltnmethylammonium bromide, sodium cholate, carbamoyl, choline chloride, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, lauric arginate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, sodium taurocholate, lecithins, sucrose oleate esters, sucrose stearate esters, sucrose palmitate esters, sucrose laurate esters, and other emulsifiers, and the like.
[00543] In some embodiments, surfactants are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 20 ppm to about 20,000 ppm in the final product.
xi. Gums and Waxes
[00544] Gums and mucilages represent a broad array of different branched structures. Guar gum is a galactomannan produced from the ground endosperm of the guar seed. Guar gum is commercially available (e.g., Benefiber by Novartis AG). Other gums, such as gum arabic and pectins, have still different structures. Still other gums include xanthan gum, gellan gum, tara gum, psylium seed husk gum, and locust been gum.
[00545] Waxes are esters of ethylene glycol and two fatty acids, generally occurring as a hydrophobic liquid that is insoluble in water. [00546] In some embodiments, gums or waxes are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 100,000 ppm in the final product.
xii. Antioxidants
[00547] As used herein "antioxidant" refers to any substance which inhibits, suppresses, or reduces oxidative damage to cells and biomolecules. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that antioxidants inhibit, suppress, or reduce oxidative damage to cells or biomolecules by stabilizing free radicals before they can cause harmful reactions. As such, antioxidants may prevent or postpone the onset of some degenerative diseases.
[00548] Examples of suitable antioxidants for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, vitamins, vitamin cofactors, minerals, hormones, carotenoids, carotenoid terpenoids, non-carotenoid terpenoids, flavonoids, flavonoid polyphenolics (e.g., bioflavonoids), flavonols, flavones, phenols, polyphenols, esters of phenols, esters of polyphenols, nonflavonoid phenolics, isothiocyanates, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the antioxidant is vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, ubiquinone, mineral selenium, manganese, melatonin, a-carotene, b-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeanthin, crypoxanthin, reservatol, eugenol, quercetin, catechin, gossypol, hesperetin, curcumin, ferulic acid, thymol, hydroxytyrosol, tumeric, thyme, olive oil, lipoic acid, glutathinone, gutamine, oxalic acid, tocopherol-derived compounds, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tert-butylhydroquinone, acetic acid, pectin, tocotrienol, tocopherol, coenzyme Q10, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxantin, saponins, limonoids, kaempfedrol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, proanthocyanidins, quercetin, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, tangeritin, hesperetin, naringenin, erodictyol, flavan-3-ols (e.g., anthocyanidins), gallocatechins, epicatechin and its gallate forms, epigallocatechin and its gallate forms (ECGC) theaflavin and its gallate forms, thearubigins, isoflavone, phytoestrogens, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, anythocyanins, cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, rosmarinic acid, cinnamic acid and its derivatives (e.g., ferulic acid), chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid, gallotannins, ellagitannins, anthoxanthins, betacyanins and other plant pigments, silymarin, citric acid, lignan, antinutrients, bilirubin, uric acid, R-a-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, emblicanin, apple extract, apple skin extract (applephenon), rooibos extract red, rooibos extract, green, hawthorn berry extract, red raspberry extract, green coffee antioxidant (GCA), aronia extract 20%, grape seed extract (VinOseed), cocoa extract, hops extract, mangosteen extract, mangosteen hull extract, cranberry extract, pomegranate extract, pomegranate hull extract, pomegranate seed extract, hawthorn berry extract, pomella pomegranate extract, cinnamon bark extract, grape skin extract, bilberry extract, pine bark extract, pycnogenol, elderberry extract, mulberry root extract, wolfberry (gogi) extract, blackberry extract, blueberry extract, blueberry leaf extract, raspberry extract, turmeric extract, citrus bioflavonoids, black currant, ginger, acai powder, green coffee bean extract, green tea extract, and phytic acid, or combinations thereof. In alternate embodiments, the antioxidant is a synthetic antioxidant such as butylated hydroxytolune or butylated hydroxyanisole, for example. Other sources of suitable antioxidants for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, chocolate, spices, herbs, rice, organ meats from livestock, yeast, whole grains, or cereal grains.
[00549] Particular antioxidants belong to the class of phytonutrients called polyphenols (also known as "polyphenolics"), which are a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group per molecule. A variety of health benefits may be derived from polyphenols, including prevention of cancer, heart disease, and chronic inflammatory disease and improved mental strength and physical strength, for example. Suitable polyphenols for embodiments of this application include catechins, proanthocyanidins, procyanidins, anthocyanins, quercerin, rutin, reservatrol, isoflavones, curcumin, punicalagin, ellagitannin, hesperidin, naringin, citrus flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, other similar materials, or combinations thereof.
[00550] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is a catechin such as, for example, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Suitable sources of catechins for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, green tea, white tea, black tea, oolong tea, chocolate, cocoa, red wine, grape seed, red grape skin, purple grape skin, red grape juice, purple grape juice, berries, pycnogenol, and red apple peel. [00551] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is chosen from proanthocyanidins, procyanidins or combinations thereof. Suitable sources of proanthocyanidins and procyanidins for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, red grapes, purple grapes, cocoa, chocolate, grape seeds, red wine, cacao beans, cranberry, apple peel, plum, blueberry, black currants, choke berry, green tea, sorghum, cinnamon, barley, red kidney bean, pinto bean, hops, almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachio, pycnogenol, and colorful berries.
[00552] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is an anthocyanin. Suitable sources of anthocyanins for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, red berries, blueberries, bilberry, cranberry, raspberry, cherry, pomegranate, strawberry, elderberry, choke berry, red grape skin, purple grape skin, grape seed, red wine, black currant, red currant, cocoa, plum, apple peel, peach, red pear, red cabbage, red onion, red orange, and blackberries.
[00553] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is chosen from quercetin, rutin or combinations thereof. Suitable sources of quercetin and rutin for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, red apples, onions, kale, bog whortleberry, lingonberrys, chokeberry, cranberry, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, black currant, green tea, black tea, plum, apricot, parsley, leek, broccoli, chili pepper, berry wine, and ginkgo.
[00554] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is reservatrol. Suitable sources of reservatrol for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, red grapes, peanuts, cranberry, blueberry, bilberry, mulberry, Japanese Itadori tea, and red wine.
[00555] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is an isoflavone. Suitable sources of isoflavones for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, soy beans, soy products, legumes, alfalfa sprouts, chickpeas, peanuts, and red clover.
[00556] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is curcumin. Suitable sources of curcumin for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, turmeric and mustard.
[00557] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is chosen from punicalagin, ellagitannin or combinations thereof. Suitable sources of punicalagin and ellagitannin for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, pomegranate, raspberry, strawberry, walnut, and oak-aged red wine.
[00558] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is a citrus flavonoid, such as hesperidin or naringin. Suitable sources of citrus flavonoids, such as hesperidin or naringin, for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, oranges, grapefruits, and citrus juices.
[00559] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is chlorogenic acid. Suitable sources of chlorogenic acid for embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, green coffee, yerba mate, red wine, grape seed, red grape skin, purple grape skin, red grape juice, purple grape juice, apple juice, cranberry, pomegranate, blueberry, strawberry, sunflower, Echinacea, pycnogenol, and apple peel.
[00560] In some embodiments, antioxidants are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm in the final product.
xiii. Polymers
[00561] Suitable polymer additives include, but are not limited to, chitosan, pectin, pectic, pectinic, polyuronic, polygalacturonic acid, starch, food hydrocolloid or crude extracts thereof (e.g., gum acacia Senegal (Fibergum™), gum acacia seyal, carageenan), poly-L-lysine (e.g., poly-L-a-lysine or poly-L- e-lysine), poly-L-ornithine (e.g., poly-L-a-ornithine or poly-L-e- ornithine), polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol methyl ether), polyarginine, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polyethylene imine, alginic acid, sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate, and sodium polyethyleneglycolalginate, sodium hexametaphosphate and its salts, and other cationic polymers and anionic polymers.
[00562] In some embodiments, a polymer is present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 10,000 ppm in the final product.
xiv. Fatty Acids
[00563] As used herein, "fatty acid" refers to any straight chain monocarboxylic acid and includes saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, long chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acids, short chain fatty acids, fatty acid precursors (including omega-9 fatty acid precursors), and esterified fatty acids. As used herein, "long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid" refers to any polyunsaturated carboxylic acid or organic acid with a long aliphatic tail. As used herein, "omega-3 fatty acid" refers to any polyunsaturated fatty acid having a first double bond as the third carbon-carbon bond from the terminal methyl end of its carbon chain. In particular embodiments, the omega-3 fatty acid may comprise a long chain omega-3 fatty acid. As used herein, "omega-6 fatty acid" any polyunsaturated fatty acid having a first double bond as the sixth carbon-carbon bond from the terminal methyl end of its carbon chain.
[00564] Suitable omega-3 fatty acids for use in embodiments of the present application can be produced from algae, fish, animals, plants, or combinations thereof, for example. Examples of suitable omega-3 fatty acids include, but are not limited to, linolenic acid, alpha- linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, suitable omega-3 fatty acids can be provided in fish oils, (e.g., menhaden oil, tuna oil, salmon oil, bonito oil, and cod oil), microalgae omega-3 oils or combinations thereof. In particular embodiments, suitable omega-3 fatty acids may be produced from commercially available omega-3 fatty acid oils, such as Microalgae DHA oil (from Martek, Columbia, MD), OmegaPure (from Omega Protein, Houston, TX), Marinol C-38 (from Lipid Nutrition, Channahon, IL), Bonito oil and MEG-3 (from Ocean Nutrition, Dartmouth, NS), Evogel (from Symrise, Holzminden, Germany), Marine Oil, from tuna or salmon (from Arista Wilton, CT), OmegaSource 2000, Marine Oil, from menhaden and Marine Oil, from cod (from OmegaSource, RTP, NC).
[00565] Suitable omega-6 fatty acids include, but are not limited to, linoleic acid, gamma- linolenic acid, dihommo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosadienoic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid or combinations thereof.
[00566] Suitable esterified fatty acids for embodiments of the present application may include, but are not limited to, monoacylgycerols containing omega-3 and/or omega-6 fatty acids, diacylgycerols containing omega-3 and/or omega-6 fatty acids, or triacylgycerols containing omega-3 and/or omega-6 fatty acids or combinations thereof. [00567] In some embodiments, fatty acids are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 100,000 ppm in the final product.
xv. Vitamins
[00568] Vitamins are organic compounds that the human body needs in small quantities for normal functioning. The body uses vitamins without breaking them down, unlike other nutrients such as carbohydrates and proteins. To date, thirteen vitamins have been recognized, and one or more can be used in the compositions herein. Suitable vitamins and their alternative chemical names are provided in the accompanying parentheses which follow include, vitamin A (retinol, retinaldehyde), vitamin D (calciferol, cholecalciferol, lumisterol, ergocalciferol, dihydrotachysterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol), vitamin E (tocopherol, tocotrienol), vitamin K (phylloquinone, naphthoquinone), vitamin B1 (thiamin), vitamin B2 (riboflavin, vitamin G), vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid, vitamin PP), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine), vitamin B7 (biotin, vitamin H), vitamin B9 (folic acid, folate, folacin, vitamin M, pteroyl-L-glutamic acid), vitamin B12 (cobalamin, cyanocobalamin), and vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
[00569] Various other compounds have been classified as vitamins by some authorities. These compounds may be termed pseudo-vitamins and include, but are not limited to, compounds such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10), pangamic acid, dimethylglycine, taestrile, amygdaline, flavanoids, para-aminobenzoic acid, adenine, adenylic acid, and s- methylmethionine. As used herein, the term vitamin includes pseudo-vitamins.
[00570] In some embodiments, the vitamin is a fat-soluble vitamin chosen from vitamin A, D, E, K or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the vitamin is a water-soluble vitamin chosen from vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin C or combinations thereof.
[00571] In some embodiments, vitamins are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 10,000 ppm in the final product.
xvi. Preservatives [00572] In some embodiments of this application, the preservative is chosen from antimicrobials, antienzymatics or combinations thereof.
[00573] Non-limiting examples of antimicrobials include sulfites, propionates, benzoates, sorbates, nitrates, nitrites, bacteriocins such as nisin, salts, sugars, acetic acid, dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), ethanol, and ozone.
[00574] Sulfites include, but are not limited to, sulfur dioxide, sodium bisulfite, and potassium hydrogen sulfite. Propionates include, but are not limited to, propionic acid, calcium propionate, and sodium propionate. Benzoates include, but are not limited to, sodium benzoate and benzoic acid. Sorbates include, but are not limited to, potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, and sorbic acid. Nitrates and nitrites include, but are not limited to, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite.
[00575] Non-limiting examples of antienzymatics suitable for use as preservatives in particular embodiments of the application include ascorbic acid, citric acid, and metal chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
[00576] In some embodiments, preserves are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 5000 ppm in the final product.
xvii. Hydration Agents
[00577] Hydration products help the body to replace fluids that are lost through excretion. For example, fluid is lost as sweat in order to regulate body temperature, as urine in order to excrete waste substances, and as water vapor in order to exchange gases in the lungs. Fluid loss can also occur due to a wide range of external causes, non-limiting examples of which include physical activity, exposure to dry air, diarrhea, vomiting, hyperthermia, shock, blood loss, and hypotension. Diseases causing fluid loss include diabetes, cholera, gastroenteritis, shigellosis, and yellow fever. Forms of malnutrition that cause fluid loss include the excessive consumption of alcohol, electrolyte imbalance, fasting, and rapid weight loss.
[00578] In some embodiments, the hydration product is a composition that helps the body replace fluids that are lost during exercise. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the hydration product is an electrolyte, non-limiting examples of which include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, bicarbonate, or combinations thereof. Suitable electrolytes for use in some embodiments of this application are also described in U.S. Patent No. 5,681,569, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the electrolytes are obtained from their corresponding water-soluble salts. Non limiting examples of salts for use in some embodiments include chlorides, carbonates, sulfates, acetates, bicarbonates, citrates, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, tartrates, sorbates, citrates, benzoates, or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the electrolytes are provided by juice, fruit extracts, vegetable extracts, tea, or tea extracts.
[00579] In some embodiments, the hydration agent is a flavanol that provides cellular rehydration. Flavanols are a class of natural substances present in plants, and generally comprise a 2-phenylbenzopyrone molecular skeleton attached to one or more chemical moieties. Non-limiting examples of flavanols suitable for use herein include catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin 3-gallate, theaflavin, theaflavin 3 -gallate, theaflavin 3'-gallate, theaflavin 3,3' gallate, thearubigin or combinations thereof. Several common sources of flavanols include tea plants, fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In preferred embodiments, the flavanol is extracted from green tea.
[00580] In some embodiments, the hydration agent is a glycerol solution to enhance exercise endurance. The ingestion of a glycerol containing solution has been shown to provide beneficial physiological effects, such as expanded blood volume, lower heart rate, and lower rectal temperature.
[00581] In some embodiments, hydration agents are present in the compositions of the present application in an amount effective to provide an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm in the final product.
[00582] In other embodiments, the composition of the present application further comprises one or more functional ingredients. Examples of additional additives include, but are not limited to, dietary fiber sources, glucosamine, probiotics, prebiotics, weight management agents, osteoporosis management agents, phytoestrogens, phytosterols and combinations thereof.
[00583] Dietary Fiber [00584] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one dietary fiber source. As used herein, the at least one dietary fiber source can comprise a single dietary fiber source or a plurality of dietary fiber sources as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the at least one dietary fiber source is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
[00585] Numerous polymeric carbohydrates having significantly different structures in both composition and linkages fall within the definition of dietary fiber. Such compounds are well known to those skilled in the art, non-limiting examples of which include non-starch polysaccharides, lignin, cellulose, methylcellulose, the hemicelluloses, b-glucans, pectins, gums, mucilage, waxes, inulins, oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, chitins, and combinations thereof.
[00586] Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages. Non-starch polysaccharides are bonded with b-linkages, which humans are unable to digest due to a lack of an enzyme to break the b-linkages. Conversely, digestible starch polysaccharides generally comprise a(l-4) linkages.
[00587] Lignin is a large, highly branched and cross-linked polymer based on oxygenated phenylpropane units. Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose molecules joined by a b(1-4) linkage, which mammalian amylases are unable to hydrolyze. Methylcellulose is a methyl ester of cellulose that is often used in foodstuffs as a thickener, and emulsifier. It is commercially available (e.g., Citrucel by GlaxoSmithKline, Celevac by Shire Pharmaceuticals). Hemicelluloses are highly branched polymers consisting mainly of glucurono- and 4-O-methylglucuroxylans. b- glucans are mixed-linkage (1-3), (1-4) b-D-glucose polymers found primarily in cereals, such as oats and barley. Pectins, such as beta pectin, are a group of polysaccharides composed primarily of D-galacturonic acid, which is methoxylated to variable degrees.
[00588] Gums and mucilages represent a broad array of different branched structures. Guar gum, derived from the ground endosperm of the guar seed, is a galactomannan. Guar gum is commercially available (e.g., Benefiber by Novartis AG). Other gums, such as gum arabic and pectins, have still different structures. Still other gums include xanthan gum, gellan gum, tara gum, psylium seed husk gum, and locust been gum.
[00589] Waxes are esters of ethylene glycol and two fatty acids, generally occurring as a hydrophobic liquid that is insoluble in water.
[00590] Inulins comprise naturally occurring oligosaccharides belonging to a class of carbohydrates known as fructans. They generally are comprised of fructose units joined by b(2- 1) glycosidic linkages with a terminal glucose unit. Oligosaccharides are saccharide polymers containing typically three to six component sugars. They are generally found either 0- or N- linked to compatible amino acid side chains in proteins or to lipid molecules. Fructooligosaccharides are oligosaccharides consisting of short chains of fructose molecules.
[00591] Food sources of dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. Grains providing dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, oats, rye, barley, wheat. Legumes providing fiber include, but are not limited to, peas and beans such as soybeans. Fruits and vegetables providing a source of fiber include, but are not limited to, apples, oranges, pears, bananas, berries, tomatoes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots, potatoes, celery. Plant foods such as bran, nuts, and seeds (such as flax seeds) are also sources of dietary fiber. Parts of plants providing dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, the stems, roots, leaves, seeds, pulp, and skin.
[00592] Although dietary fiber generally is derived from plant sources, indigestible animal products such as chitins are also classified as dietary fiber. Chitin is a polysaccharide composed of units of acetylglucosamine joined by b(1-4) linkages, similar to the linkages of cellulose.
[00593] Sources of dietary fiber often are divided into categories of soluble and insoluble fiber based on their solubility in water. Both soluble and insoluble fibers are found in plant foods to varying degrees depending upon the characteristics of the plant. Although insoluble in water, insoluble fiber has passive hydrophilic properties that help increase bulk, soften stools, and shorten transit time of fecal solids through the intestinal tract.
[00594] Unlike insoluble fiber, soluble fiber readily dissolves in water. Soluble fiber undergoes active metabolic processing via fermentation in the colon, increasing the colonic microflora and thereby increasing the mass of fecal solids. Fennentation of fibers by colonic bacteria also yields end-products with significant health benefits. For example, fermentation of the food masses produces gases and short-chain fatty acids. Acids produced during fermentation include butyric, acetic, propionic, and valeric acids that have various beneficial properties such as stabilizing blood glucose levels by acting on pancreatic insulin release and providing liver control by glycogen breakdown. In addition, fiber fermentation may reduce atherosclerosis by lowering cholesterol synthesis by the liver and reducing blood levels of LDL and triglycerides. The acids produced during fermentation lower colonic pH, thereby protecting the colon lining from cancer polyp formation. The lower colonic pH also increases mineral absorption, improves the barrier properties of the colonic mucosal layer, and inhibits inflammatory and adhesion irritants. Fermentation of fibers also may benefit the immune system by stimulating production of T-helper cells, antibodies, leukocytes, splenocytes, cytokinins and lymphocytes.
[00595] Glucosamine
[00596] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is glucosamine.
[00597] Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, glucosamine is present in the compositions in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
[00598] Glucosamine, also called chitosamine, is an amino sugar that is believed to be an important precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. D- glucosamine occurs naturally in the cartilage in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, which is synthesized from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine. However, glucosamine also is available in other forms, non-limiting examples of which include glucosamine hydrochloride, glucosamine sulfate, N-acetyl-glucosamine, or any other salt forms or combinations thereof. Glucosamine may be obtained by acid hydrolysis of the shells of lobsters, crabs, shrimps, or prawns using methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In a particular embodiment, glucosamine may be derived from fungal biomass containing chitin, as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0172392.
[00599] The compositions can further comprise chondroitin sulfate.
[00600] Probiotics/Prebiotics [00601] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is chosen from at least one probiotic, prebiotic and combination thereof.
[00602] As used herein, the at least one probiotic or prebiotic may be single probiotic or prebiotic or a plurality of probiotics or prebiotics as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the at least one probiotic, prebiotic or combination thereof is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
[00603] Probiotics, in accordance with the teachings of this invention, comprise microorganisms that benefit health when consumed in an effective amount. Desirably, probiotics beneficially affect the human body's naturally-occurring gastrointestinal microflora and impart health benefits apart from nutrition. Probiotics may include, without limitation, bacteria, yeasts, and fungi.
[00604] Prebiotics, in accordance with the teachings of this invention, are compositions that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines. Prebiotic substances can be consumed by a relevant probiotic, or otherwise assist in keeping the relevant probiotic alive or stimulate its growth. When consumed in an effective amount, prebiotics also beneficially affect the human body's naturally-occurring gastrointestinal microflora and thereby impart health benefits apart from just nutrition. Prebiotic foods enter the colon and serve as substrate for the endogenous bacteria, thereby indirectly providing the host with energy, metabolic substrates, and essential micronutrients. The body's digestion and absorption of prebiotic foods is dependent upon bacterial metabolic activity, which salvages energy for the host from nutrients that escaped digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
[00605] According to particular embodiments, the probiotic is a beneficial microorganism that beneficially affects the human body's naturally-occurring gastrointestinal microflora and imparts health benefits apart from nutrition. Examples of probiotics include, but are not limited to, bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, Streptococci, or combinations thereof, that confer beneficial effects to humans.
[00606] In particular embodiments of the invention, the at least one probiotic is chosen from the genus Lactobacilli. Lactobacilli (i.e., bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, hereinafter "L") have been used for several hundred years as a food preservative and for promoting human health. Non-limiting examples of species of Lactobacilli found in the human intestinal tract include L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. fermentum, L. saliva roes, L brevis, L. leichmannii, L. plantarum, L. cellobiosus, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. GG, L. bulgaricus, and L. thenrmophilus.
[00607] According to other particular embodiments of this invention, the probiotic is chosen from the genus Bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria also are known to exert a beneficial influence on human health by producing short chain fatty acids (e.g., acetic, propionic, and butyric acids), lactic, and formic acids as a result of carbohydrate metabolism. Non-limiting species of Bifidobacteria found in the human gastrointestinal tract include B. angulatum, B. animalis, B. asteroides, B. bifdum, B. bourm, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. choerinum. B. coryneforme, B. cuniculi, B. dentiumn, B. gallicum, B. gallinarum, B indicum, B. longwn, B. magnum, B. merycicum, B. minimum, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. pseudolongwn, B. psychraerophilum, B. pullorum, B. ruminantium, B. saeculare, B. scardovil, B. simiae, B. subtile, B. thermacidophilum, B. thermophilum, B. urinalis, and B. sp.
[00608] According to other particular embodiments of this invention, the probiotic is chosen from the genus Streptococcus. Streptococcus thermophilus is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe. It is classified as a lactic acid bacteria and commonly is found in milk and milk products, and is used in the production of yogurt. Other non-limiting probiotic species of this bacteria include Streptococcus saliva rus and Streptococcus cremoris.
[00609] Probiotics that may be used in accordance with this invention are well-known to those of skill in the art. Non-limiting examples of foodstuffs comprising probiotics include yogurt, sauerkraut, kefir, kimchi, fermented vegetables, and other foodstuffs containing a microbial element that beneficially affects the host animal by improving the intestinal microbalance.
[00610] Prebiotics, in accordance with the embodiments of this invention, include, without limitation, mucopolysaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, nutrient precursors, proteins and combinations thereof.
[00611] According to a particular embodiment of this invention, the prebiotic is chosen from dietary fibers, including, without limitation, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. These compounds have the ability to increase the number of probiotics, which leads to the benefits conferred by the probiotics. Non-limiting examples of oligosaccharides that are categorized as prebiotics in accordance with particular embodiments of this invention include fructooligosaccharides, inulins, isomalto-oligosaccharides, lactilol, lactosucrose, lactulose, pyrodextrins, soy oligosaccharides, transgalacto-oligosaccharides, and xylo-oligosaccharides.
[00612] According to other particular embodiments of the invention, the prebiotic is an amino acid. Although a number of known prebiotics break down to provide carbohydrates for probiotics, some probiotics also require amino acids for nourishment.
[00613] Prebiotics are found naturally in a variety of foods including, without limitation, bananas, berries, asparagus, garlic, wheat, oats, barley (and other whole grains), flaxseed, tomatoes, Jerusalem artichoke, onions and chicory, greens (e.g., dandelion greens, spinach, collard greens, chard, kale, mustard greens, turnip greens), and legumes (e.g., lentils, kidney beans, chickpeas, navy beans, white beans, black beans).
[00614] Weight Management Agent
[00615] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one weight management agent.
[00616] As used herein, the at least one weight management agent may be single weight management agent or a plurality of weight management agents as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the at least one weight management agent is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
[00617] As used herein, "a weight management agent" includes an appetite suppressant and/or a thermogenesis agent. As used herein, the phrases "appetite suppressant", "appetite satiation compositions", "satiety agents", and "satiety ingredients" are synonymous. The phrase "appetite suppressant" describes macronutrients, herbal extracts, exogenous hormones, anorectics, anorexigenics, pharmaceutical drugs, and combinations thereof, that when delivered in an effective amount, suppress, inhibit, reduce, or otherwise curtail a person's appetite. The phrase "thermogenesis agent" describes macronutrients, herbal extracts, exogenous hormones, anorectics, anorexigenics, pharmaceutical drugs, and combinations thereof, that when delivered in an effective amount, activate or otherwise enhance a person's thermogenesis or metabolism.
[00618] Suitable weight management agents include macronutrient selected from the group consisting of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fats, and combinations thereof. Consumption of proteins, carbohydrates, and dietary fats stimulates the release of peptides with appetite-suppressing effects. For example, consumption of proteins and dietary fats stimulates the release of the gut hormone cholecytokinin (CCK), while consumption of carbohydrates and dietary fats stimulates release of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).
[00619] Suitable macronutrient weight management agents also include carbohydrates. Carbohydrates generally comprise sugars, starches, cellulose and gums that the body converts into glucose for energy. Carbohydrates often are classified into two categories, digestible carbohydrates (e.g., monosaccharides, disaccharides, and starch) and non-digestible carbohydrates (e.g., dietary fiber). Studies have shown that non-digestible carbohydrates and complex polymeric carbohydrates having reduced absorption and digestibility in the small intestine stimulate physiologic responses that inhibit food intake. Accordingly, the carbohydrates embodied herein desirably comprise non-digestible carbohydrates or carbohydrates with reduced digestibility. Non-limiting examples of such carbohydrates include polydextrose; inulin; monosaccharide-derived polyols such as erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, and sorbitol; disaccharide-derived alcohols such as isomalt, lactitol, and maltitol; and hydrogenated starch hydrolysates. Carbohydrates are described in more detail herein below.
[00620] In another particular embodiment weight management agent is a dietary fat. Dietary fats are lipids comprising combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to have a greater satiating power than mono- unsaturated fatty acids. Accordingly, the dietary fats embodied herein desirably comprise poly unsaturated fatty acids, non-limiting examples of which include triacylglycerols.
[00621] In a particular embodiment, the weight management agents is an herbal extract. Extracts from numerous types of plants have been identified as possessing appetite suppressant properties. Non-limiting examples of plants whose extracts have appetite suppressant properties include plants of the genus Hoodia, Trichocaulon, Caralluma, Stapelia, Orbea, Asclepias, and Camelia. Other embodiments include extracts derived from Gymnema Sylvestre, Kola Nut, Citrus Aurantium, Yerba Mate, Griffonia Simplicifolia, Guarana, myrrh, guggul Lipid, and black current seed oil.
[00622] The herbal extracts may be prepared from any type of plant material or plant biomass. Non-limiting examples of plant material and biomass include the stems, roots, leaves, dried powder obtained from the plant material, and sap or dried sap. The herbal extracts generally are prepared by extracting sap from the plant and then spray-drying the sap. Alternatively, solvent extraction procedures may be employed. Following the initial extraction, it may be desirable to further fractionate the initial extract (e.g., by column chromatography) in order to obtain an herbal extract with enhanced activity. Such techniques are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[00623] In a particular embodiment, the herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Hoodia, species of which include H. alstonii, H. currorii, H. dregei, H. flava, H. gordonii, H. julatae, H. mossamedensis, H. oficinalis, H. parviflorai, H. pedicellata, H. pilifera, H. ruschii, and H. triebneri. Hoodia plants are stem succulents native to southern Africa. A sterol glycoside of Hoodia, known as P57, is believed to be responsible for the appetite-suppressant effect of the Hoodia species.
[00624] In another particular embodiment, the herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Caralluma, species of which include C. indica, C. fimbriata, C. attenuate, C. ruberculata, C. edulis, C. adscendens, C. stalagmifera, C. umbellate, C. penicillata, C. russeliana, C. retrospicens, C. Arabica, and C. lasiantha. Carralluma plants belong to the same Subfamily as Hoodia, Asclepiadaceae. Caralluma are small, erect and fleshy plants native to India having medicinal properties, such as appetite suppression, that generally are attributed to glycosides belonging to the pregnane group of glycosides, non-limiting examples of which include caratuberside A, caratuberside B, bouceroside I, bouceroside II, bouceroside III, bouceroside IV, bouceroside V, bouceroside VI, bouceroside VII, bouceroside VIII, bouceroside IX, and bouceroside X. [00625] In another particular embodiment, the at least one herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon. Trichocaulon plants are succulents that generally are native to southern Africa, similar to Hoodia, and include the species T. piliferum and T. oficinale.
[00626] In another particular embodiment, the herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Slapelia or Orbea, species of which include S. gigantean and O. variegate, respectively. Both Stapelia and Orbea plants belong to the same Subfamily as Hoodia, Asclepiadaceae. Not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the compounds exhibiting appetite suppressant activity are saponins, such as pregnane glycosides, which include stavarosides A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K.
[00627] In another particular embodiment, the herbal extract is derived from a plant of the genus Asclepias. Asclepias plants also belong to the Asclepiadaceae family of plants. Non limiting examples of Asclepias plants include A. Incarnate, A. curassayica, A. syriaca, and A. tuberose. Not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the extracts comprise steroidal compounds, such as pregnane glycosides and pregnane aglycone, having appetite suppressant effects.
[00628] In a particular embodiment, the weight management agent is an exogenous hormone having a weight management effect. Non-limiting examples of such hormones include CCK, peptide YY, ghrelin, bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), enterostatin, apolipoprotein A-IV, GLP-1, amylin, somastatin, and leptin.
[00629] In another embodiment, the weight management agent is a pharmaceutical drug. Non-limiting examples include phentenime, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, sibutramine, rimonabant, oxyntomodulin, floxetine hydrochloride, ephedrine, phenethylamine, or other stimulants.
[00630] Osteoporosis Management Agent
[00631] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one osteoporosis management agent.
[00632] As used herein, the at least one osteoporosis management agent may be single osteoporosis management agent or a plurality of osteoporosis management agent as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the at least one osteoporosis management agent is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
[00633] Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder of compromised bone strength, resulting in an increased risk of bone fracture. Generally, osteoporosis is characterized by reduction of the bone mineral density (BMD), disruption of bone micro-architecture, and changes to the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in the bone.
[00634] In certain embodiments, the osteoporosis management agent is at least one calcium source. According to a particular embodiment, the calcium source is any compound containing calcium, including salt complexes, solubilized species, and other forms of calcium. Non-limiting examples of calcium sources include amino acid chelated calcium, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium citrate, calcium malate, calcium citrate malate, calcium gluconate, calcium tartrate, calcium lactate, solubilized species thereof, and combinations thereof.
[00635] According to a particular embodiment, the osteoporosis management agent is a magnesium source. The magnesium source is any compound containing magnesium, including salt complexes, solubilized species, and other forms of magnesium. Non-limiting examples of magnesium sources include magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, magnesium gluceptate, magnesium gluconate, magnesium lactate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium picolate, magnesium sulfate, solubilized species thereof, and mixtures thereof. In another particular embodiment, the magnesium source comprises an amino acid chelated or creatine chelated magnesium.
[00636] In other embodiments, the osteoporosis agent is chosen from vitamins D, C, K, their precursors and/or beta-carotene and combinations thereof.
[00637] Numerous plants and plant extracts also have been identified as being effective in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the plants and plant extracts stimulates bone morphogenic proteins and/or inhibits bone resorption, thereby stimulating bone regeneration and strength. Non-limiting examples of suitable plants and plant extracts as osteoporosis management agents include species of the genus Taraxacum and Amelanchier, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0106215, and species of the genus Lindera, Artemisia, Acorus, Carthamus, Carum, Cnidium, Curcwna, Cyperus, Juniperus, Prunus, Iris, Cichorium, Dodonaea, Epimedium, Erigonoum, Soya, Mentha, Ocimum, thymus, Tanacetum, Planiago, Spearmint, Bixa, Vitis, Rosemarinus, Rhus, and Anethum, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/00792S2.
[00638] Phyloestrogen
[00639] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one phytoestrogen.
[00640] As used herein, the at least one phytoestrogen may be single phytoestrogen or a plurality of phytoestrogens as a functional ingredient for the compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the at least one phytoestrogen is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
[00641] Phytoestrogens are compounds found in plants which can typically be delivered into human bodies by ingestion of the plants or the plant parts having the phytoestrogens. As used herein, "phytoestrogen" refers to any substance which, when introduced into a body causes an estrogen-like effect of any degree. For example, a phytoestrogen may bind to estrogen receptors within the body and have a small estrogen-like effect.
[00642] Examples of suitable phytoestrogens for embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, isoflavones, stilbenes, lignans, resorcyclic acid lactones, coumestans, coumestrol, equol, and combinations thereof. Sources of suitable phytoestrogens include, but are not limited to, whole grains, cereals, fibers, fruits, vegetables, black cohosh, agave root, black currant, black haw, chasteberries, cramp bark, dong quai root, devil's club root, false unicorn root, ginseng root, groundsel herb, licorice, liferoot herb, motherwort herb, peony root, raspberry leaves, rose family plants, sage leaves, sarsaparilla root, saw palmetto berried, wild yam root, yarrow blossoms, legumes, soybeans, soy products (e.g., miso, soy flour, soymilk, soy nuts, soy protein isolate, tempen, or tofu) chick peas, nuts, lentils, seeds, clover, red clover, dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, fenugreek seeds, green tea, hops, red wine, flaxseed, garlic, onions, linseed, borage, butterfly weed, caraway, chaste tree, vitex, dates, dill, fennel seed, gotu kola, milk thistle, pennyroyal, pomegranates, southernwood, soya flour, tansy, and root of the kudzu vine (pueraria root) and the like, and combinations thereof.
[00643] Isoflavones belong to the group of phytonutrients called polyphenols. In general, polyphenols (also known as "polyphenolics"), are a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group per molecule.
[00644] Suitable phytoestrogen isoflavones in accordance with embodiments of this invention include genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin A, formononetin, their respective naturally occurring glycosides and glycoside conjugates, matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, enterolactone, enterodiol, textured vegetable protein, and combinations thereof.
[00645] Suitable sources of isoflavones for embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, soy beans, soy products, legumes, alfalfa sprouts, chickpeas, peanuts, and red clover.
[00646] Phytosterols
[00647] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one phytosterol, phytostanol or combination thereof.
[00648] Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the at least one phytosterol, phytostanol or combination thereof is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and wellness.
[00649] As used herein, the phrases "stanol", "plant stanol" and "phytostanol" are synonymous.
[00650] Plant sterols and stanols are present naturally in small quantities in many fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals, legumes, vegetable oils, bark of the trees and other plant sources. Although people normally consume plant sterols and stanols every day, the amounts consumed are insufficient to have significant cholesterol-lowering effects or other health benefits. Accordingly, it would be desirable to supplement food and beverages with plant sterols and stanols.
[00651] Sterols are a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3. Generally, phytosterols have a double bond within the steroid nucleus, like cholesterol; however, phytosterols also may comprise a substituted sidechain (R) at C-24, such as an ethyl or methyl group, or an additional double bond. The structures of phytosterols are well known to those of skill in the art.
[00652] At least 44 naturally-occurring phytosterols have been discovered, and generally are derived from plants, such as corn, soy, wheat, and wood oils; however, they also may be produced synthetically to form compositions identical to those in nature or having properties similar to those of naturally-occurring phytosterols. According to particular embodiments of this invention, non-limiting examples of phytosterols well known to those or ordinary skill in the art include 4-desmethylsterols (e.g., b-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, 22- dehydro bra ssica sterol, and A5-avenasterol), 4-monomethyl sterols, and 4, 4-dimethyl sterols (triterpene alcohols) (e.g., cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartanol, and cyclobranol).
[00653] As used herein, the phrases "stanol", "plant stanol" and "phytostanol" are synonymous. Phytostanols are saturated sterol alcohols present in only trace amounts in nature and also may be synthetically produced, such as by hydrogenation of phytosterols. According to particular embodiments of this invention, non-limiting examples of phytostanols include b- sitostanol, campestanol, cycloartanol, and saturated forms of other triterpene alcohols.
[00654] Both phytosterols and phytostanols, as used herein, include the various isomers such as the a and b isomers (e.g., a-sitosterol and b-sitostanol, which comprise one of the most effective phytosterols and phytostanols, respectively, for lowering serum cholesterol in mammals).
[00655] The phytosterols and phytostanols of the present invention also may be in their ester form. Suitable methods for deriving the esters of phytosterols and phytostanols are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,589,588, 6,635,774, 6,800,317, and U.S. Patent Publication Number 2003/0045473, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Non-limiting examples of suitable phytosterol and phytostanol esters include sitosterol acetate, sitosterol oleate, stigmasterol oleate, and their corresponding phytostanol esters. The phytosterols and phytostanols of the present invention also may include their derivatives.
[00656] Generally, the amount of functional ingredient in the composition varies widely depending on the particular composition and the desired functional ingredient. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily ascertain the appropriate amount of functional ingredient for each composition.
[00657] Consumables
[00658] In one embodiment, the compositions of the present embodiments are a consumable comprising a MRP(s) (or components thereof), a sweetening agent(s), sweetening extract(s), a sweetener(s), or one or more additives disclosed herein.
[00659] The MRP(s) and combinations of sweetening agent(s), etc. and/or additives, or a composition comprising the same, can be incorporated in any known edible or oral composition (referred to herein as a "consumable"), such as, for example, pharmaceutical compositions, edible gel mixes and compositions, dental compositions, foodstuffs (confections, condiments, chewing gum, cereal compositions baked goods dairy products, and tabletop sweetener compositions) beverages and beverage products.
[00660] Consumables, as used herein, mean substances which are contacted with the mouth of man or animal, including substances which are taken into and subsequently ejected from the mouth and substances which are drunk, eaten, swallowed or otherwise ingested, and are safe for human or animal consumption when used in a generally acceptable range.
[00661] Orally Consumable Compositions Comprising any Composition in this invention
[00662] Another aspect of the present application relates to an orally consumable composition comprising a composition of the present application. The composition of the present application can be added to the consumable composition to provide a sweetened consumable composition or a flavored consumable composition.
[00663] "Orally consumable composition," as used herein, refer to substances which are contacted with the mouth of man or animal, including substances which are taken into and subsequently ejected from the mouth and substances which are drunk, eaten, swallowed or otherwise ingested, and are safe for human or animal consumption when used in a generally acceptable range.
[00664] Exemplary orally consumable compositions include, but are not limited to, confections, condiments, chewing compositions, cereal composition, tabletop sweeteners, beverages and beverage products, medicinal compositions, smoking compositions, and oral hygiene compositions. Consumables can be sweetened or unsweetened.
[00665] Orally consumable compositions consumable can optionally include additives, sweeteners, functional ingredients or combinations thereof, as described herein. Any of the additive, sweeteners and other ingredients described above can be present in the orally consumable compositions.
[00666] Consumables employing the compositions of the present application are also suitable for use in processed agricultural products, livestock products or seafood; processed meat products such as sausage and the like; retort food products, pickles, preserves boiled in soy sauce, delicacies, side dishes; soups; snacks, such as potato chips, cookies, or the like; as shredded filler, leaf, stem, stalk, homogenized leaf cured and animal feed.
A. Confections
[00667] In some embodiments, the orally consumable composition comprising the composition of the present application is a confection. As referred to herein, "confection" can mean a sweet, a lollipop, a confectionery, or similar term. The confection generally contains a base composition component and a sweetener component. A "base composition" refers to any composition which can be a food item and provides a matrix for carrying the sweetener component. The composition of the present application comprising the same can serve as the sweetener component. The confection may be in the form of any food that is typically perceived to be rich in sugar or is typically sweet.
[00668] In some embodiments of the present application, the confections may be bakery products such as pastries; desserts such as yogurt, jellies, drinkable jellies, puddings, Bavarian cream, blancmange, cakes, brownies, mousse and the like, sweetened food products eaten at tea time or following meals; frozen foods; cold confections, e.g., types of ice cream such as ice cream, ice milk, lacto-ice and the like (food products in which sweeteners and various other types of raw materials are added to milk products, and the resulting mixture is agitated and frozen), and ice confections such as sherbets, dessert ices and the like (food products in which various other types of raw materials are added to a sugary liquid, and the resulting mixture is agitated and frozen); general confections, e.g., baked confections or steamed confections such as crackers, biscuits, buns with bean-jam filling, halvah, alfajor, and the like; rice cakes and snacks; table top products; general sugar confections such as chewing gum (e.g. including compositions which comprise a substantially water-insoluble, chewable gum base, such as chicle or substitutes thereof, including jetulong, guttakay rubber or certain comestible natural synthetic resins or waxes), hard candy, soft candy, mints, nougat candy, jelly beans, fudge, toffee, taffy, Swiss milk tablet, licorice candy, chocolates, gelatin candies, marshmallow, marzipan, divinity, cotton candy, and the like; sauces including fruit flavored sauces, chocolate sauces and the like; edible gels; cremes including butter cremes, flour pastes, whipped cream and the like; jams including strawberry jam, marmalade and the like; and breads including sweet breads and the like or other starch products, or combinations thereof.
[00669] Suitable base compositions for embodiments of this application may include flour, yeast, water, salt, butter, eggs, milk, milk powder, liquor, gelatin, nuts, chocolate, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, natural flavors, artificial flavors, colorings, polyols, sorbitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, malic acid, magnesium stearate, lecithin, hydrogenated glucose syrup, glycerine, natural or synthetic gum, starch, and the like, or combinations thereof. Such components generally are recognized as safe (GRAS) and/or are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved. In some embodiments of the application, the base composition is present in the confection in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 99 weight percent of the confection.
[00670] The base composition of the confection may optionally include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, or combinations thereof. Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds. Non-limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (e.g., sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol, and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose, or mixtures thereof. Generally, the amount of bulk sweetener present in the confection ranges widely depending on the particular embodiment of the confection and the desired degree of sweetness. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily ascertain the appropriate amount of bulk sweetener.
B. Condiments [00671] In some embodiments, the consumable comprising a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same is a condiment. Condiments, as used herein, are compositions used to enhance or improve the flavor of a food or beverage. Non-limiting examples of condiments include ketchup (catsup); mustard; barbecue sauce; butter; chili sauce; chutney; cocktail sauce; curry; dips; fish sauce; horseradish; hot sauce; jellies, jams, marmalades, or preserves; mayonnaise; peanut butter; relish; remoulade; salad dressings (e.g., oil and vinegar, Caesar, French, ranch, bleu cheese, Russian, Thousand Island, Italian, and balsamic vinaigrette), salsa; sauerkraut; soy sauce; steak sauce; syrups; tartar sauce; and Worcestershire sauce.
[00672] Condiment bases generally comprise a mixture of different ingredients, non limiting examples of which include vehicles (e.g., water and vinegar); spices or seasonings (e.g., salt, pepper, garlic, mustard seed, onion, paprika, turmeric, or combinations thereof); fruits, vegetables, or their products (e.g., tomatoes or tomato-based products (paste, puree), fruit juices, fruit juice peels, or combinations thereof); oils or oil emulsions, particularly vegetable oils; thickeners (e.g., xanthan gum, food starch, other hydrocolloids, or combinations thereof); and emulsifying agents (e.g., egg yolk solids, protein, gum arabic, carob bean gum, guar gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, carageenan, pectin, propylene glycol esters of alginic acid, sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose, polysorbates, or combinations thereof). Recipes for condiment bases and methods of making condiment bases are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[00673] Generally, condiments also comprise caloric sweeteners, such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, molasses, honey, or brown sugar. In exemplary embodiments of the condiments provided herein, the composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same is used instead of traditional caloric sweeteners. Accordingly, a condiment composition desirably comprises a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same and a condiment base.
[00674] The condiment composition optionally may include other natural and/or synthetic high-potency sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, pH modifying agents (e.g., lactic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, or combinations thereof), fillers, functional agents (e.g., pharmaceutical agents, nutrients, or components of a food or plant), flavorings, colorings, or combinations thereof.
C. Chewing Compositions
[00675] In some embodiments, the consumable comprising the steviol composition of the present application is a chewing composition. The term "chewing compositions" include chewing gum compositions, chewing tobacco, smokeless tobacco, snuff, chewing gum and other compositions which are masticated and subsequently expectorated.
[00676] Chewing gum compositions generally comprise a water-soluble portion and a water-insoluble chewable gum base portion. The water soluble portion, which typically includes a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same, dissipates with a portion of the flavoring agent over a period of time during chewing while the insoluble gum base portion is retained in the mouth. The insoluble gum base generally determines whether a gum is considered chewing gum, bubble gum, or a functional gum.
[00677] The insoluble gum base, which is generally present in the chewing gum composition in an amount in the range of about 15 to about 35 weight percent of the chewing gum composition, generally comprises combinations of elastomers, softeners (plasticizers), emulsifiers, resins, and fillers. Such components generally are considered food grade, recognized as safe (GRA), and/or are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved.
[00678] Elastomers, the primary component of the gum base, provide the rubbery, cohesive nature to gums and can include one or more natural rubbers (e.g., smoked latex, liquid latex, or guayule); natural gums (e.g., jelutong, perillo, sorva, massaranduba balata, massaranduba chocolate, nispero, rosindinha, chicle, and gutta hang kang); or synthetic elastomers (e.g., butadiene-styrene copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and vinyl polymeric elastomers). In a particular embodiment, the elastomer is present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 3 to about 50 weight percent of the gum base.
[00679] Resins are used to vary the firmness of the gum base and aid in softening the elastomer component of the gum base. Non-limiting examples of suitable resins include a rosin ester, a terpene resin (e.g., a terpene resin from a-pinene, b-pinene and/or D-limonene), polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl acetate, and vinyl acetate-vinyl laurate copolymers. Non-limiting examples of rosin esters include a glycerol ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin, a glycerol ester of a polymerized rosin, a glycerol ester of a partially dimerized rosin, a glycerol ester of rosin, a pentaerythritol ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin, a methyl ester of rosin, or a methyl ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin. In some embodiment, the resin is present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 5 to about 75 weight percent of the gum base.
[00680] Softeners, which also are known as plasticizers, are used to modify the ease of chewing and/or mouth feel of the chewing gum composition. Generally, softeners comprise oils, fats, waxes, and emulsifiers. Non-limiting examples of oils and fats include tallow, hydrogenated tallow, large, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, canola, cottonseed, sunflower, palm, coconut, corn, safflower, or palm kernel oils), cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, glycerol abietate, lecithin, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides acetylated monoglycerides, and free fatty acids. Non-limiting examples of waxes include polypropylene/polyethylene/Fisher-Tropsch waxes, paraffin, and microcrystalline and natural waxes (e.g., candelilla, beeswax and carnauba). Microcrystalline waxes, especially those with a high degree of crystallinity and a high melting point, also may be considered as bodying agents or textural modifiers. In some embodiments, the softeners are present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 0.5 to about 25 weight percent of the gum base.
[00681] Emulsifiers are used to form a uniform dispersion of the insoluble and soluble phases of the chewing gum composition and also have plasticizing properties. Suitable emulsifiers include glycerol monostearate (GMS), lecithin (phosphatidyl choline), polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid (PPGR), mono and diglycerides of fatty acids, glycerol distearate, tracetin, acetylated monoglyceride, glycerol triacetate, and magnesium stearate. In some embodiments, the emulsifiers are present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 2 to about 30 weight percent of the gum base. [00682] The chewing gum composition also may comprise adjuvants or fillers in either the gum base and/or the soluble portion of the chewing gum composition. Suitable adjuvants and fillers include lecithin, inulin, polydextrin, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate, ground limestone, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, talc, clay, alumina, titanium dioxide, and calcium phosphate. In some embodiments, lecithin can be used as an inert filler to decrease the stickiness of the chewing gum composition. In other some embodiments, lactic acid copolymers, proteins (e.g., gluten and/or zein) and/or guar can be used to create a gum that is more readily biodegradable. The adjuvants or fillers are generally present in the gum base in an amount up to about 20 weight percent of the gum base. Other optional ingredients include coloring agents, whiteners, preservatives, and flavors.
[00683] In some embodiments of the chewing gum composition, the gum base comprises about 5 to about 95 weight percent of the chewing gum composition, more desirably about 15 to about 50 weight percent of the chewing gum composition, and even more desirably from about 20 to about 30 weight percent of the chewing gum composition.
[00684] The soluble portion of the chewing gum composition may optionally include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, softeners, emulsifiers, flavoring agents, coloring agents, adjuvants, fillers, functional agents (e.g., pharmaceutical agents or nutrients), or combinations thereof. Suitable examples of softeners and emulsifiers are described above.
[00685] Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds. Non-limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (e.g., sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol, and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the bulk sweetener is present in the chewing gum composition in an amount in the range of about 1 to about 75 weight percent of the chewing gum composition.
[00686] Flavoring agents may be used in either the insoluble gum base or soluble portion of the chewing gum composition. Such flavoring agents may be natural or artificial flavors. In some embodiments, the flavoring agent comprises an essential oil, such as an oil produced from a plant or a fruit, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, other mint oils, clove oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen, bay, thyme, cedar leaf, nutmeg, allspice, sage, mace, and almonds. In another embodiment, the flavoring agent comprises a plant extract or a fruit essence such as apple, banana, watermelon, pear, peach, grape, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot, or mixtures thereof. In still another embodiment, the flavoring agent comprises a citrus flavor, such as an extract, essence, or oil of lemon, lime, orange, tangerine, grapefruit, citron, or kumquat.
[00687] In some embodiments, a chewing gum composition comprises a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same and a gum base.
D. Cereal Compositions
[00688] In some embodiments, the consumable comprising the steviol composition of the present application is a cereal composition. Cereal compositions typically are eaten either as staple foods or as snacks. Non-limiting examples of cereal compositions for use in some embodiments include ready-to-eat cereals as well as hot cereals. Ready-to-eat cereals are cereals which may be eaten without further processing (i.e., cooking) by the consumer. Examples of ready-to-eat cereals include breakfast cereals and snack bars. Breakfast cereals typically are processed to produce a shredded, flaky, puffy, or extruded form. Breakfast cereals generally are eaten cold and are often mixed with milk and/or fruit. Snack bars include, for example, energy bars, rice cakes, granola bars, and nutritional bars. Hot cereals generally are cooked, usually in either milk or water, before being eaten. Non-limiting examples of hot cereals include grits, porridge, polenta, rice, oatmeal, and rolled oats.
[00689] Cereal compositions generally comprise at least one cereal ingredient. As used herein, the term "cereal ingredient" denotes materials such as whole or part grains, whole or part seeds, and whole or part grass. Non-limiting examples of cereal ingredients for use in some embodiments include maize, wheat, rice, barley, bran, bran endosperm, bulgur, sorghums, millets, oats, rye, triticale, buckwheat, fonio, quinoa, bean, soybean, amaranth, teff, spelt, and kaniwa.
[00690] In some embodiments, the cereal composition comprises a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same and at least one cereal ingredient. The compositions of the present application or sweetener compositions comprising the same may be added to the cereal composition in a variety of ways, such as, for example, as a coating, as a frosting, as a glaze, or as a matrix blend (i.e., added as an ingredient to the cereal formulation prior to the preparation of the final cereal product).
[00691] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the compositions of the present application or sweetener compositions comprising the same is added to the cereal composition as a matrix blend. In one embodiment, the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is blended with a hot cereal prior to cooking to provide a sweetened hot cereal product. In another embodiment, the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is blended with the cereal matrix before the cereal is extruded.
[00692] In some embodiments, the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is added to the cereal composition as a coating, such as, for example, by combining with a food grade oil and applying the mixture onto the cereal. In a different embodiment, the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same and the food grade oil may be applied to the cereal separately, by applying either the oil or the sweetener first. Non-limiting examples of food grade oils for use some embodiments include vegetable oils such as corn oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, canola oil, olive oil, sesame seed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, or mixtures thereof. In yet another embodiment, food grade fats may be used in place of the oils, provided that the fat is melted prior to applying the fat onto the cereal.
[00693] In another embodiment, the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is added to the cereal composition as a glaze. Non-limiting examples of glazing agents for use in some embodiments include corn syrup, honey syrups and honey syrup solids, maple syrups and maple syrup solids, sucrose, isomalt, polydextrose, polyols, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, aqueous solutions thereof, or mixtures thereof. In another such embodiment, the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is added as a glaze by combining with a glazing agent and a food grade oil or fat and applying the mixture to the cereal. In yet another embodiment, a gum system, such as, for example, gum acacia, carboxymethyl cellulose, or algin, may be added to the glaze to provide structural support. In addition, the glaze also may include a coloring agent, and also may include a flavor.
[00694] In another embodiment, the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is added to the cereal composition as a frosting. In one such embodiment, the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same is combined with water and a frosting agent and then applied to the cereal. Non-limiting examples of frosting agents for use in some embodiments include maltodextrin, sucrose, starch, polyols, or mixtures thereof. The frosting also may include a food grade oil, a food grade fat, a coloring agent, and/or a flavor.
[00695] Generally, the amount of the composition of the present application or sweetener composition comprising the same in a cereal composition varies widely depending on the particular type of cereal composition and its desired sweetness. Those of ordinary skill in the art can readily discern the appropriate amount of sweetener to put in the cereal composition.
E. Tabletop Sweetener Compositions
[00696] In some embodiments, the orally consumable composition comprising the composition of the present application is a tabletop sweetener composition. In some embodiments, the tabletop sweetener composition may further include at least one bulking agent, additive, anti-caking agent, functional ingredient or combination thereof.
[00697] Suitable "bulking agents" include, but are not limited to, maltodextrin (10 DE, 18 DE, or 5 DE), corn syrup solids (20 or 36 DE), sucrose, fructose, glucose, invert sugar, sorbitol, xylose, ribulose, mannose, xylitol, mannitol, galactitol, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, maltose, tagatose, lactose, inulin, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyols, polydextrose, fructooligosaccharides, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, and the like, or mixtures thereof. Additionally, in accordance with still other embodiments of the application, granulated sugar (sucrose) or other caloric sweeteners such as crystalline fructose, other carbohydrates, or sugar alcohol can be used as a bulking agent due to their provision of good content uniformity without the addition of significant calories. [00698] As used herein, the phrase "anti-caking agent" and "flow agent" refers to any composition which assists in content uniformity and uniform dissolution. In some embodiments, non-limiting examples of anti-caking agents include cream of tartar, calcium silicate, silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel, FMC BioPolymer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), and tricalcium phosphate. In one embodiment, the anti-caking agents are present in the tabletop sweetener composition in an amount from about 0.001 to about 3 % by weight of the tabletop sweetener composition.
[00699] The tabletop sweetener compositions can be packaged in any form known in the art. Non-limiting forms include, but are not limited to, powder form, granular form, packets, tablets, sachets, pellets, cubes, solids, and liquids.
[00700] In one embodiment, the tabletop sweetener composition is a single-serving (portion control) packet comprising a dry-blend. Dry-blend formulations generally may comprise powder or granules. Although the tabletop sweetener composition may be in a packet of any size, an illustrative non-limiting example of conventional portion control tabletop sweetener packets are approximately 2.5 by 1.5 inches and hold approximately 1 gram of a sweetener composition having a sweetness equivalent to 2 teaspoons of granulated sugar (~ 8 g). The amount of the composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same in a dry-blend tabletop sweetener formulation can vary. In some embodiments, a dry-blend tabletop sweetener formulation may comprise a Composition of the present application in an amount from about 1 % (w/w) to about 10 % (w/w) of the tabletop sweetener composition.
[00701] Solid tabletop sweetener embodiments include cubes and tablets. A non limiting example of conventional cubes are equivalent in size to a standard cube of granulated sugar, which is approximately 2.2 x 2.2 x 2.2 cm3 and weigh approximately 8 g. In one embodiment, a solid tabletop sweetener is in the form of a tablet or any other form known to those skilled in the art.
[00702] A tabletop sweetener composition also may be embodied in the form of a liquid, wherein a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same is combined with a liquid carrier. Suitable non-limiting examples of carrier agents for liquid tabletop sweeteners include water, alcohol, polyol, glycerin base or citric acid base dissolved in water, or mixtures thereof. The sweetness equivalent of a tabletop sweetener composition for any of the forms described herein or known in the art may be varied to obtain a desired sweetness profile. For example, a tabletop sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness comparable to that of an equivalent amount of standard sugar. In another embodiment, the tabletop sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness of up to 100 times that of an equivalent amount of sugar. In another embodiment, the tabletop sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness of up to 90 times, 80 times, 70 times, 60 times, 50 times, 40 times, 30 times, 20 times, 10 times, 9 times, 8 times, 7 times, 6 times, 5 times, 4 times, 3 times, and 2 times that of an equivalent amount of sugar.
F. Beverages and Beverage Products
[00703] In some embodiments, a beverage or beverage product comprises a composition of the present application or a sweetener composition comprising the same. The beverage may be sweetened or unsweetened. The composition of the present application, or sweetener composition comprising the same, may be added to a beverage to sweeten the beverage or enhance its existing sweetness or flavor profile.
[00704] "Beverage product," as used herein, is a ready-to-drink beverage, a beverage concentrate, a beverage syrup, or a powdered beverage. Suitable ready-to-drink beverages include carbonated and non-carbonated beverages. Carbonated beverages include, but are not limited to, frozen carbonated beverages, enhanced sparkling beverages, cola, fruit-flavored sparkling beverages (e.g. lemon-lime, orange, grape, strawberry and pineapple), ginger-ale, soft drinks and root beer. Non-carbonated beverages include, but are not limited to, fruit juice, fruit-flavored juice, juice drinks, nectars, vegetable juice, vegetable-flavored juice, sports drinks, energy drinks, enhanced water drinks, enhanced water with vitamins, near water drinks (e.g., water with natural or synthetic flavorants), coconut water, tea type drinks (e.g. black tea, green tea, red tea, oolong tea), coffee, cocoa drink, beverages comprising milk components (e.g. milk beverages, coffee comprising milk components, cafe au lait, milk tea, fruit milk beverages), and beverages comprising cereal extracts and smoothies. [00705] Beverage concentrates and beverage syrups are prepared with an initial volume of liquid matrix (e.g., water) and the desired beverage ingredients. Full strength beverages are then prepared by adding further volumes of water. Powdered beverages are prepared by dry mixing all of the beverage ingredients in the absence of a liquid matrix. Full strength beverages are then prepared by adding the full volume of water.
[00706] Beverages comprise a matrix, i.e., the basic ingredient in which the ingredients - including the compositions of the present application - are dissolved. In one embodiment, a beverage comprises water of beverage quality as the matrix, such as, for example deionized water, distilled water, reverse osmosis water, carbon-treated water, purified water, demineralized water or combinations thereof, can be used. Additional suitable matrices include, but are not limited to phosphoric acid, phosphate buffer, citric acid, citrate buffer and carbon-treated water.
[00707] In some embodiments, a beverage comprises a composition of the present application. In some embodiments, a beverage product comprises a sweetener composition of the present application.
[00708] The beverage concentrations below can be provided by the composition of the present application or sweetener composition of the present application.
[00709] In some embodiments, the total concentration of sweetening agent in the beverage is from about 1 ppm to about about 2,000 ppm, in one aspect 50 ppm to about 900 ppm, such as, for example, from about 1 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about B00 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm and from about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm.
G. Medical Compositions [00710] The term "medicinal composition" includes solids, gases and liquids which are ingestible materials having medicinal value, such as cough syrups, cough drops, medicinal sprays, vitamins, and chewable medicinal tablets.
H. Oral Hygiene Compositions
[00711] The term "oral hygiene compositions" includes mouthwashes, mouth rinses, toothpastes, tooth polishes, dentifrices, mouth sprays, and mouth refreshers.
I. Smoking Compositions
[00712] The term "smoking composition," as used herein, includes cigarettes, pipe and cigar tobacco, and all forms of tobacco such as shredded filler, leaf, stem, stalk, homogenized leaf cured, reconstituted binders, and reconstituted tobacco from tobacco dust, fines, or other sources in sheet, pellet or other forms. "Smoking compositions" also include tobacco substitutes formulated from non-tobacco materials, such as representative tobacco substitutes described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,529,602, 3,703,177 and 4,079,742 and references cited therein.
[00713] It should be noted that the percentages provided above include compositions of combinations of sweetening agents disclosed herein, including sweet tea extracts, sweet tea components, such as rubusoside and suaviosides, glycosylated sweet tea extracts, SG's, GSG's, MG's, GMG's, or mixtures thereof, and also where sugar donor(s) are part of the composition. The weight ratio of sweetening agent(s) to sugar donor/amine donor/additional components can range from 100:0.1 to 0.1:100 and all values there between. That is, for example, where a sweetening agent comprises 90% by weight of the composition, up to 10% by weight of the composition can be a sugar donor and/or an amine donor, e.g., 90:10 or 9:1. Another example would be where 99% of the composition is sweetening agent and 1% by weight would be a sugar donor and an amine donor, etc., e.g., 99:1, for use in producing Maillard reaction product(s).
[00714] Suitable FEMA recognized stevia based compositions are included herein as noted in Table 1. These stevia based compositions can be used in the Maillard reaction as described throughout as the sweetening agent(s). [00715] Table 1
FEMA GRAS Stevia Summary
Figure imgf000134_0001
1SS
Figure imgf000135_0001
[00716] Additionally, the sweetener enhancer(s), in the compositions described herein can be present in final food or beverage in a range of from about 0.5ppm to about lOOOppm, from about lppm to about 900ppm, from about 2ppm to about 800ppm, from about 3ppm to about 700ppm from about 4ppm to about 600ppm, about 500ppm, and all values and ranges encompassed over the range of from about 0.5ppm to about lOOOppm, including 5ppm, lOppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, including increments of 5, for example, through lOOOppm, alternatively from about 2ppm, including 4ppm, 6ppm, 8ppm, lOppm, including increments of 2, for example, through lOOOppm. The sweetener enhancers described herein can be present in the compositions described herein in a range of from about 0.1 to about 99.5%.
[00717] Sweetener(s), if present, can be present in compositions described herein in the range of 1 to about 99 weight percent, from about 1 to about 75 weigh percent 1 to about 50 weight percent, from about 1 to about 40 weight percent, from about 1 to about 30 weight percent, from 1 to about 20 weight percent, from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, from about 2 to about 9 weight percent, from about 3 to about 8 weight percent, from about 4 to about 7 weight percent, from about 5 to about 6 weight percent and all values and ranges encompassed over the range of from about 1 to about 99 weight percent including 5 weight percent, 10 weight percent, 15, weight percent, 20 weight percent including increments of 5, for example, through 95 weight percent, and alternatively from about 2 weight percent, 4 weight percent, 6 weight percent, including increments of 2, for example, through 98 weight percent.
[00718] The sugar donor, if present, can be present in the compositions described herein in a range of from about 1 to about 99 weight percent, from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, from about 2 to about 9 weight percent, from about 3 to about 8 weight percent, from about 4 to about 7 weight percent, from about 5 to about 6 weight percent and all values and ranges encompassed over the range of from about 1 to about 50 weight percent.
[00719] The amine donor, if present, can be present in the compositions described herein in a range of from about 1 to about 99 weight percent, from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, from about 1 to about 10 weight percent, from about 2 to about 9 weight percent, from about 3 to about 8 weight percent, from about 4 to about 7 weight percent, from about 5 to about 6 weight percent and all values and ranges encompassed over the range of from about 1 to about 50 weight percent.
[00720] Other additives can be used in the compositions described herein to enhance flavor characteristics that are sweet, fruity, floral, herbaceous, spicy, aromatic, pungent, "nut like" (e.g., almond, pecan), "spicy" (e.g., cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, anise and wintergreen), "non-citrus fruit" flavor (e.g., strawberry, cherry, apple, grape, currant, tomato, gooseberry and blackberry), "citrus fruit" flavor (e.g., orange, lemon and grapefruit), and other useful flavors, including coffee, cocoa, peppermint, spearmint, vanilla and maple.
[00721] Thickening agents can be included in the compositions described herein. Examples of the thickening agents include, but are not limited to, carbomers, cellulose base materials, gums, algin, agar, pectins, carrageenan, gelatin, mineral or modified mineral thickeners, polyethylene glycol and polyalcohols, polyacrylamide and other polymeric thickeners. Thickening agents which provide stability and optimal flow characteristics of the composition are preferably used.
[00722] Emulsification agents can also be included in the compositions described herein. Suitable examples of emulsification agents include, but are not limited to, agar, albumin, alginates, casein, egg yolk, glycerol monostearate, gums, Irish moss, lecithin, and some soaps.
[00723] The Maillard reaction products noted herein can be used as a sugar substitute or a flavoring agent alone or in combination with a food product.
[00724] The present inventors further surprisingly discovered that the Maillard reaction products as prepared herein can be used as a fat substitute in the food and beverage industries.
[00725] The phrase "sucrose equivalence" or "SE" is the amount of non-sucrose sweetener required to provide the sweetness of a given percentage of sucrose in the same food, beverage, or solution. For instance, a non-diet soft drink typically contains 12 grams of sucrose per 100 ml of water, i.e., 12% sucrose. This means that to be commercially accepted, diet soft drinks must have the same sweetness as a 12% sucrose soft drink, i.e., a diet soft drink must have a 12% SE. Soft drink dispensing equipment assumes an SE of 12%, since such equipment is set up for use with sucrose-based syrups. The phrase "taste profile" which is interchangeable with "sensory profile" or "aroma" and is defined as the temporal profile of all basic tastes of a sweetener. The onset and decay of sweetness when a sweetener is consumed, as perceived by trained human tasters and measured in seconds from first contact with a taster's tongue ("onset") to a cutoff point (typically 180 seconds after onset), is called the "temporal profile of sweetness". A plurality of such human tasters is called a "sensory panel". In addition to sweetness, sensory panels can also judge the temporal profile of the other "basic tastes": bitterness, saltiness, sourness, piquance (aka spiciness), and umami (aka savoriness or meatiness). The onset and decay of bitterness when a sweetener is consumed, as perceived by trained human tasters and measured in seconds from first perceived taste to the last perceived aftertaste at the cutoff point, is called the "temporal profile of bitterness". Aroma from aroma producing substances are volatile compounds which are perceived by the odor receptor sites of the smell organ, i. e. the olfactory tissue of the nasal cavity. They reach the receptors when drawn in through the nose (orthonasal detection) and via the throat after being released by chewing (retronasal detection). The concept of aroma substances, like the concept of taste substances, should be used loosely, since a compound might contribute to the typical odor or taste of one food, while in another food it might cause a faulty odor or taste, or both, resulting in an off-flavor. Sensory profile includes evaluation of aroma as well.
[00726] The term "mouth feel" involves the physical and chemical interaction of a consumable in the mouth. Herein, specifically, the term "mouth feel" refers to the fullness sensation experienced in the mouth, which relates to the body and texture of the consumable such as its viscosity.
[00727] Mouth feel is one of the most important organoleptic properties and the major criteria that consumers use to judge the quality and freshness of foods. Subtle changes in a food and beverage product's formulation can change mouth feel significantly. Simply taking out sugar and adding a high intensity sweetener and/or a sweetening agent and/or a sweetener enhancer can cause noticeable alterations in mouth feel, making a formerly good product unacceptable to consumers. Sugar not only sweetens; it also builds body and viscosity in a food and beverage products, and leaves a slight coating on the tongue. For example, reducing salt levels in soup changes not only taste, but can alter mouth feel. Primarily it is the mouth feel that is always the compliant with non-sugar sweeteners.
[00728] The inventors have surprisingly found Maillard reaction products, commonly taken as volatile substances, can provide great mouth feel and increase consumers' acceptance of using high intensity sweeteners and/or sweetening agents in food and beverage industry, preferably high intensity sweetener(s) involved during the reaction. The Maillard reaction products can be used individually or combined with sweeteners used for foods and beverages such as tea, milk, coffee, chocolate etc. Favorably, when using Maillard Reacted Products with high intensity sweeteners such as sucralose, the inventors surprisingly found that Maillard reacted products could act as flavor modifier product to improve the taste profile of stevia glycosides and or sucralose, such as overall-likeability, less lingering, less astringency, less bitterness, quick upfront sweetness, umami, sensation enjoyment, fullness etc. Therefore, MRPs can be excellent flavor enhancers to be blended with stevia glycosides and or sucralose to extend SGs and others natural intensive sweeteners to be used in beverage, dairy, oral care and all other applications. Depending on the desired target, Maillard Reaction Products could provide high or low volatile substances especially low volatile flavors to enhance the overall enjoyment of stevia glycosides, sucralose and or other natural, synthetic intensity sweeteners.
[00729] Thus, the MRPs disclosed herein can be used as mouth feel enhancers.
[00730] The phrase "sweetness detection threshold" refers to the minimum concentration at which panelists consisting of 8 persons are able to detect sweetness in a composition, liquid or solid. This is further defined as provided in the Examples herein and are conducted by the methods described in Sensory Testing for Flavorings with Modifying Properties by Christie L. Harman, John B. Hallagan, and the FEMA Science, Committee Sensory Data Task Force, November 2013, Volume 67, No.11 and Appendix A attached thereto, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[00731] Threshold of sweetness refers to a concentration of a material that below a concentration where sweetness can be detected may still impart a flavor to the consumable (including water). When half of a trained panel of testers determines something is "sweet" at a given concentration, then the sample meets the threshold. When less than half of a panel of testers cannot discern sweetness at a given concentration, then concentrations of the substance below the sweetness level are considered a flavoring.
[00732] The term "flavor" or "flavor characteristic", as used herein, is the combined sensory perception of the components of taste, odor, and/or texture. The term "enhance", as used herein, includes augmenting, intensifying, accentuating, magnifying, and potentiating the sensory perception of a flavor characteristic without changing the nature or quality thereof. The term "modify", as used herein, includes altering, varying, suppressing, depressing, fortifying and supplementing the sensory perception of a flavor characteristic where the quality or duration of such characteristic was deficient.
[00733] It should be understood that the flavoring compounds described herein, including Maillard reaction products, can be used in combination with stevia blends, including stevia glycosides, to encapsulate and reduce or eliminate the unwanted off taste of the stevia component(s) present in the composition. It should also be understood that there can be a sequential series of Maillard reaction(s) that can be used to produce the flavor(s). That is, there can be a first step where a first reaction takes place between a first sugar donor and a first amine donor under appropriate conditions followed by a second reaction with a second sugar donor and a second amine donor, and possible subsequent reactions to provide a complex flavorant composition that is a combination of various Maillard reaction products between, for example the first sugar donor and first amine donor, along with the reaction between the first sugar donor and a second amine donor or a second sugar donor reacting with the first sugar donor, etc. under Maillard reaction conditions as described herein. The processes of the embodiments described herein can be used to preserve flavors. For instance, to dissolve any flavor or flavor combination in a dissolved stevia glycosides solution, afterwards, the solution could be ready to use, or it could be further concentrated to syrup or powder form.
[00734] In embodiment, the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction (with or without a sugar donor) is a stevia extract.
[00735] In one particular embodiment, the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction (with or without a sugar donor) is a stevia extract or one or more components of a stevia extract collectively referred to as steviol glycosides. Suitable steviol glycosides include those listed in Table 2 and can be obtained by fermentation or enzymatic methods.
Figure imgf000142_0001
Figure imgf000143_0001
Figure imgf000144_0001
Figure imgf000145_0001
Figure imgf000146_0001
Figure imgf000147_0001
Figure imgf000147_0002
“mr” refers to molecular mass
[00737] In another embodiment, the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction (with or without a sugar donor) is a swingle extract or one or more individual components of a swingle extract collectively referred to as mogrosides.
[00738] In still another embodiment, the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction (with or without a sugar donor) is one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs) or glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs).
[00739] In still other embodiment, the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction (with or without a sugar donor) is a sweet tea extract or one or more individual components of a sweet tea extract referred to as rubusoside and/or suaviosides.
[00740] In another embodiment, the sweetening agent used in the Maillard reaction (with or without a sugar donor) is a glycosylated sweet tea extract or one or more of the individual components of the glycosylated sweet tea extract, e.g., rubusoside and/or a suavioside.
[00741] In certain embodiments, compositions of RA+RB, RA+RB+RD RA+RB+RC, RA+RB+RC+RD, RA+RB+RC+RD+RE, RA+RB+RC+RD+RM, RA+RD+RM, RD+RM, RD+RM+RO+RE, etc. are used. These combinations can be either added to Maillard reaction products produced from a sugar donor and an amine donor, or included in the Maillard reaction with the sugar donor and amine donor, or serve as the substrate(s) for the Maillard reaction in the presence of an amine donor.
[00742] Various Maillard reaction products (compositions) can be prepared with the components discussed herein including sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle extracts, MG(s), SG(s), components of sweet tea extract(s), GMG(s), GSG(s) glycosylated sweet tea glycosylates, and optionally, in combination a sugar donor, such as glucose, fructose or galactose (and in the presence of an amine donor).
[00743] It should be understood that the Maillard reaction products can include one or more of the following components after the reaction has occurred. These components include, for example, remaining sweetening agent(s), remaining reducing sugar (sugar donor(s)), remaining amine donor(s), degraded sweetening agent(s); degraded sugar donor(s), degraded amine donor(s), possible salt(s) that occur naturally from the Maillard reaction process and/or added salt(s), remaining sweetener(s), degraded sweetener(s), remaining sweetener enhancer(s), degraded sweetener enhancer(s), MRP(s), CRP(s), additional MRP(s) added to the reaction product and/or additional CRP(s) added to the reaction product.
[00744] It should also be understood, for example, that the Maillard reaction can be performed such that there can be an excess of amine donor(s) in comparison to reducing sugar(s) or much less than the amount of reducing sugar present. In the first instance then the resultant Maillard reaction mixture would include remaining amine donor(s), degraded amine donor(s) and or residue(s) or amine donor(s). Conversely, when there is less amine donor(s) present in the Maillard reaction, the amine donor(s) would be reacted during the course of the reaction. Likewise, in surprising results, where the reducing sugar is replaced with a sweetening agent (e.g., a material such as a stevia extract that does not include a reactive aldehydic or ketone moiety) and subjected to amine donor(s), the amine donor(s) may be present in amounts that would be fully consumed by a Maillard type reaction or be present in an amount that would provide excess amine donor(s) and consequently amine donor(s), amine donor residue(s) and or amine degradation product(s) would be present in the Maillard reaction mixture.
[00745] Thus the following forty five embodiments are included as suitable Maillard reaction components (along with one or more amine donors) to provide suitable ingestible compositions from a Maillard reaction process. It should also be understood that an amine donor(s) is used in the Maillard reaction under appropriate reaction conditions (a pH from about 2 to about 14, e.g., pH > 7, elevated temperature) to produce the resultant Maillard reaction product(s).
[00746] (1) A GMG or mixtures of GMGs.
[00747] (2) A GMG in combination with a sugar donor.
[00748] (3) A GMG in combination with a GSG.
[00749] (4) A GMG in combination with an SG.
[00750] (5) A GMG in combination with an MG.
[00751] (6) A GMG, a GSG and a sugar donor.
[00752] (7) A GMG, an SG and a sugar donor. [00753] (8) A GMG, an MG and a sugar donor.
[00754] (9) A GMG, a GSG and an SG.
[00755] (10) A GMG, a GSG and an MG.
[00756] (11) A GMG, an SG and an MG.
[00757] (12) A GMG, a GSG, an SG and an MG.
[00758] (13) A GMG, a GSG an SG and a sugar donor.
[00759] (14) A GMG, a GSG, an MG and a sugar donor.
[00760] (15) A GMG, a GSG an SG, an MG and a sugar donor.
[00761] (16) An MG, an SG, a GSG and a sugar donor.
[00762] (17) An MG and a GSG.
[00763] (18) An MG, a GSG and an SG.
[00764] (19) An MG, a GSG and a sugar donor.
[00765] (20) An MG, a GSG, an SG and a sugar donor.
[00766] (21) A stevia extract.
[00767] (22) A stevia extract and a sugar donor.
[00768] (23) A steviol glycoside (SG).
[00769] (24) A steviol glycoside (SG) and a sugar donor.
[00770] (25) A glycosylated steviol glycoside (GSG).
[00771] (26) A glycosylated steviol glycoside (GSG) and a sugar donor.
[00772] (27) A swingle extract (mogroside extract).
[00773] (28) A swingle extract (mogroside extract) and a sugar donor.
[00774] (29) A glycosylated swingle extract.
[00775] (30) A glycosylated swingle extract and a sugar donor.
[00776] (31) A mogroside (MG) or a mixture of MGs.
[00777] (32) A mogroside (MG) and a sugar donor.
[00778] (33) A glycosylated mogroside (GMG).
[00779] (34) A glycosylated mogroside and a sugar donor.
[00780] (35) A sweet tea extract.
[00781] (36) A sweet tea extract and a sugar donor. [00782] (37) A glycosylated sweet tea extract.
[00783] (38) A glycosylated sweet tea extract and a sugar donor.
[00784] (39) A sweet tea component, e.g., rubusoside, suaviosides.
[00785] (40) A glycosylated sweet tea component and a sugar donor.
[00786] (41) A steviol glycoside (SG) and a glycosylated steviol glycoside (GSG).
[00787] (42) A steviol glycoside (SG), a glycosylated steviol glycoside (GSG) and a sugar donor.
[00788] (43) Any of the above forty two combinations further including one or more salts.
[00789] (44) Any of the above forty three combinations further including a sweetener.
[00790] (45) Any of the above forty four combinations further including a sweetener enhancer.
[00791] It should be understood, that in the 45 combinations noted above, that where the singular is used, e.g., a glycosylated sweet tea extract, that the plural of such is included, e.g., glycosylated sweet tea extracts.
[00792] Sources of mogrosides and mogroside extracts include Momordica grosvenori. Other names include Momordica grosvenori fruit, Buddha fruit, Monordica fruit, luo han kuo, Siraitia grosvenorii, Grosvener Siraitia, arhat fruit, monk's fruit, luo han guo, longevity fruit, lohan kuo, luohanguo, la han qua (Vietnamese), rakanka (Japan). The juice or extract of the fruit includes mainly non-sugar natural sweeteners, the triterpenoid glycosides, which include mogroside V (esgoside), mogroside IV, and D-mannitol. The natural sweetness of them is 256- 344, 126, and 0.55-0.65 times of that of sugar. The juice/extract contains large amounts of glucose, 14% fructose, proteins, vitamin C, and 26 inorganic elements such as manganese, iron, nickel, selenium, tin, iodine, molybdenum and others. The juice/extract also includes fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, and decanoic acid.
[00793] In another aspect, the embodiments include a "sweetening agent", as described herein, that is not considered a reducing sugar (the component does not have a free carbonyl group to react with an amine in a traditional Maillard reaction) and a flavoring agent. Sweetening agents include those noted above, and include, for example, stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, etc.
[00794] In still another aspect, the embodiments include a sweetening agent, the product(s) of a hydrolyzed sweetening agent (e.g., treated by a base such as by aqueous sodium hydroxide) and a Maillard flavoring agent (Maillard reaction product).
[00795] In still yet another aspect, the embodiments include a sweetening agent, the product(s) of a hydrolyzed sweetening agent (e.g., treated by a base such as by aqueous sodium hydroxide) a Maillard flavoring agent and a flavoring agent.
[00796] In yet another aspect, the embodiments include a sweetening agent, a Maillard flavoring agent and a flavoring agent.
[00797] All of these compositions can be provided as a liquid, such as a syrup, or a solid.
[00798] It has surprisingly been found that there is flavor synergy between sweetening agents, such as steviol glycosides, and at least one component selected from Maillard Reactant product(s) from sweetening agent(s), such as steviol glycosides, a non-stevia glycoside sugar donor (including vitamin C, fats, and fat degraded products, lipids, etc. compounds having a carbonyl donor), and an amine donor and Maillard reactants from non-steviol glycosides sugar donor.
[00799] The reaction(s) can be conducted either under open or sealed conditions.
[00800] It is problematic for the food and beverage industry to preserve flavor in drinks, especially in the beverage industry. Normally, essential oils and their fractions are used as key flavors. They are prone to be oxidized to create unpleasant flavor(s) or the components easily evaporate to cause the food or beverage to lose their initial designed flavors as they sit on shelves. The embodiments herein provide new methods and compositions to overcome those disadvantages and provide new solutions to the food and flavor industry.
[00801] Compared with conventional flavors which are mainly preserved in different oils or oil soluble solvents, the present embodiments provide new methods to provide water soluble solutions, syrups and powders for flavoring.
[00802] Compared to conventional isolated flavors, often as extracts from plant or animal sources, which are not always compatible for top note flavor and/or taste when sugar replacement sweeteners are added, the current embodiments provide new types of combined multi components which are compatible for a designed flavor.
[00803] The embodiments surprisingly create sugar reduced sweeteners which have better taste than sugar including, for example, sweetening agents such as stevia, monk fruit, licorice etc. and synthetic sweetener such as sucralose.
[00804] The present embodiments provide a method to produce multi characteristic flavoring components which are much closer in taste to the desired flavor than flavorings that are currently in the marketplace.
[00805] Another advantage is that three or more stevia molecules bind one water molecule and act as a moisture preserver.
[00806] In another embodiment, steviolmonoside a natural non-reducing sugar, can be used as a raw material in the Maillard reaction.
[00807] Compared with simple blends of all ingredients together, the degradation of steviol glycosides generates different compositions of sugar donors, which react with amine donors, and have interactions with the taste profile of remaining steviol glycosides, remaining added sugar donor, MRPs, and caramelized substances, thus creating complicated, compatible tastes and aromas with steviol glycosides and other flavors, and substantially enriches the stereoscopic feeling of aroma and taste profile. Use of the compositions described herein can reduce the amount of thickener, antioxidants, emulsifiers etc. required when applied in food and beverages. The desired taste and aroma of the food or beverage product can be obtained by adjusting the type of stevia glycosides, ratio of reactants and reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, reaction time etc.
[00808] Another advantage of the present embodiments is that flavors could be absorbed in or to the inner surface of pores of steviol glycoside powders. Flavors are preserved and can be released when in solution. The present embodiments avoid the use of starch, or dextrin as a carrier which can bring wheat taste to the flavors.
[00809] In another surprising advantage, it was found that by adding thaumatin to compositions described herein, thaumatin provided a great advantage by lowering the threshold of aroma and the taste of substances significantly. [00810] Blending of Maillard reaction products with stevia or other sweeteners, in particular involving sweetening agents, more particularly involving high molecular weight sweetening agents in the Maillard type reaction as one of the sugar donors as described throughout the specification, show significant improvement of taste and aroma profiles of stevia glycosides including slow onsite, void, lingering, bitterness and aftertaste. Depending on the initial taste profile of stevia glycosides, the type and ratio of sugar, and/or amine donor, the reaction conditions can be adjusted and/or optimized in order to obtain a desired profile of taste and aroma of the finished product.
[00811] The current embodiments significantly boost favorable aspects such as the flavor and aroma characteristics of sweetening agents described herein, or synthetic sweeteners, or mixtures thereof and helps to eliminate their disadvantages of bitterness, lingering aftertaste, etc. as flavorings and sweeteners used for food and beverages.
[00812] The current embodiments surprisingly provide compositions, processes, methods, and concentrations of components which create a better taste and aroma based on sweetening agents described herein in place of sugar.
[00813] The present embodiments provide that there is strong synergy between stevia glycosides and MRPs in the profiles of taste and aroma. An advantageous range of ratio of stevia glycosides to MRPs reactants is in range of 20:80 and 80:20.
[00814] Mannose (and or its oligosaccharides) can be used as a flavoring agent to help improve the taste of sweetening agents, such as stevia glycosides, especially when it is utilized as a sugar donor. Uronic acids, such as glucuronolactone (and or glucuronic acid) can be used as a flavoring agent to help improve the taste of sweetening agents, such as stevia glycosides, especially when it is utilized as a sugar donor.
[00815] Products that originate from natural plants or animal sources, especially natural plant extracts, often contain characteristic tastes or flavors, which in lot of cases, are unpleasant. It has been surprisingly found that adding Maillard reaction products, or using these extracts as basis for a Maillard reaction, together with an amino acid and/or a reducing sugar can create pleasant tastes and flavors which are easily incorporated into other food ingredients for consumables, thus eliminating the unpleasant smells and/or tastes associated with the natural plant or animal product.
[00816] Additionally, more and more people prefer vegetable protein. Thus, protein is a good source as an amino acid donor making the combination of vegetable protein with MRPs create great tasting consumables.
[00817] Natural food colors, including extracts or their concentrates, always possess earthy, or unpleasant tastes and smells, and are difficult to be used in food. The manufacturers have tried various means to remove the unpleasant tastes and smells in order to have neutral tasting or smelling colorants or color extracts. Most food colorants or extracts contain certain amounts of sugar and/or amino acids, which are valuable nutrients. Adding MRPs to the colorants or extracts, or combining them with an amino acid and or a sugar can create a pleasant taste and smell so that the coloring could be easily incorporated into foods and beverages without the present disadvantages.
[00818] Spices, similarly have similar issues like that of natural food colors. Thus the present technology can be used to overcome undesirable tastes and smells, especially with extracts such as Ginger Extract, paprika extract, or pepper extract.
[00819] Mannose and glucuronolactone or glucuronic acid can be used as sugar donors under Maillard reaction conditions, although they have seldom been used. The Maillard reaction products of mannose, glucuronolactone or glucuronic acid provide yet another unique approach to provide new taste profiles with the sweetening agents described thoughout the specification alone or in combination with additional flavoring agents and/or synthetic sweeteners noted herein.
[00820] A composition comprising steviol glycosides and flavors is an embodiment.
[00821] A composition comprising stevia glycosides and an amino acid donor, which is heated is an embodiment.
[00822] A composition comprising stevia glycosides, a sugar donor and an amino acid donor is still another embodiment. [00823] A composition comprising stevia glycosides, an unreacted sugar donor, a Maillard reaction flavoring and other unreacted reaction components from the Maillard reaction is still yet another embodiment which can further include a pH adjustor.
[00824] A composition comprising stevia glycosides, an unreacted amino acid donor, Maillard reaction flavoring and other unreacted reaction components from the Maillard reaction is another embodiment which can further include a pH adjustor
[00825] In one aspect, the sugar donor is selected from glucose, rahmnose, etc.
[00826] In another aspect, a further reactant includes a salt.
[00827] A composition comprising stevia glycosides, an unreacted sugar donor and an unreacted amino acid donor and Maillard reaction flavoring and other unreacted reaction components from the Maillard reaction is an embodiment.
[00828] The above compositions can include Millard reactants containing unreacted acid or base, or their salts.
[00829] The above compositions can further comprise additional flavors.
[00830] The above compositions can further comprise additional sweeteners.
[00831] The above compositions can further comprise flavors and sweeteners.
[00832] Not to be limited by the following, common methods of manufacturing of the sweetening agents (e.g., stevia extract) are as follows. The method presented should not be considered limiting.
[00833] Extract stevia leaves with water at 20-80^C with the ratio of leaves to water being about 1:10 to 1:20 (w/v). The mixture can be clarified by flocculation or membrane filtration. The mixture can then be purified through a macroporous resin and ion exchange resin. The filtrate is then crystallized with a mixture of water/alcohol (ethanol or methanol) to obtain a precipitate which is then filtered and dried.
[00834] As used herein, a swingle extract or mogroside extract containing mogrosides is produced by the method of extracting the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) with an alcohol, a mixture of alcohol and water, or water to obtain mixtures of mogrosides, then purified to provide desired mogrosides such as mogroside V. Specifically, a swingle extract containing mogrosides is produced by the method as follows: extraction of the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) with an alcohol, a mixture of alcohol and water, or water to obtain the mogrosides (such as mogroside V etc.) component ranging from about 0.1 % to 99% by weight of the extract. In a preferred embodiment, the swingle extract contains about 10-90% by weight mogrosides. In another preferred embodiment, the swingle extract contains about 20-80% by weight mogrosides. In another preferred embodiment, the swingle extract contains about 30- 70% by weight mogrosides. In another preferred embodiment, the swingle extract contains about 40-60% by weight mogrosides.
[00835] A suitable process to obtain a mogroside extract (swingle extract) is provided as follows. Luo Han Guo fruit is extracted with water or a mixture of water/alcohol (ethanol or methanol) at a temperature of from about 40^C to about 80^C with the ratio of fruit to solvent being about 1:10 to about 1:20 (weight to volume). The liquid can be clarified by flocculation or membrane filtration followed by purification through a macroporous resin and ion exchange resin. Decolorization can be accomplished with activated carbon. Solids are then filtered and dried.
[00836] In one aspect as an example, glycosylated mogroside V (GMGV), is produced by dissolving dextrin in water (reverse osmosis water). The ratio of GMGV to water is about 1:10 (weight/volume, (w/v)). A swingle extract with a mogroside content of between 1% and 99% is added to dextrin solution. In one embodiment, the dextrin to swingle extract ratio was optimized to a ratio of between 30:70 and 70:30. CGTase enzyme is added to the mixture (ratio of GMGV to CGTase is about 20:1 (w/v) and incubated at 60-70^C for a desired length of reaction time (typically from about 2 hours to about 72 hours, more preferably from about 8 hours to about 48 hours, even more preferably from about 12 hours to about 24 hours) to glycosylate mogrosides with glucose molecules derived from dextrin, wherein the addition amount by volume is about 0.1-0.5ml based on lg mogrosides. (The ratio of GMGV to CGTase is from about 10:1 to about 20:1 w/v). After the desired ratio of GMGs and residual mogroside and dextrin contents are achieved (monitored by HPLC to analyze the content of unreacted MGV), the reaction mixture is heated to 10-200^C for 30 min to inactivate the CGTase, which is then removed by filtration. The resulting solution of GMGs, residual mogroside and dextrin is decolored and spray dried. [00837] The Maillard reaction product(s) described herein can be added to a food products as described below. The amount of the Maillard reaction product added to a food product can be from 10 9 ppb (parts per billion) to up to 100% by weight. Therefore, this includes from about 109 ppb to about 100 ppb, from about 1 ppm (part per million) to about 1000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 10 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 1000 ppm, from about 0.1% by weight to about 0.99% by weight, from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight, from about 10% by weight to about 50% by weight and from about 50% by weight to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the food product and the Maillard reaction product(s).
[00838] The Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in beverages, broths, and beverage preparations selected from the group comprising carbonated, non-carbonated, frozen, semi-frozen ("slush"), non-frozen, ready-to-drink, concentrated (powdered, frozen, or syrup), dairy, non-dairy, herbal, non-herbal, caffeinated, non-caffeinated, alcoholic, non alcoholic, flavored, non-flavored, vegetable-based, fruit-based, root/tuber/corm-based, nut- based, other plant-based, cola-based, chocolate-based, meat-based, seafood-based, other animal-based, algae-based, calorie enhanced, calorie-reduced, and calorie-free products, optionally dispensed in open containers, cans, bottles or other packaging. Such beverages and beverage preparations can be in ready-to-drink, ready-to-cook, ready-to-mix, raw, or ingredient form and can use the composition as a sole sweetener or as a co-sweetener.
[00839] The Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in foods and food preparations (e.g., sweeteners, soups, sauces, flavorings, spices, oils, fats, and condiments) from dairy-based, cereal-based, baked, vegetable-based, fruit-based, root/tuber/corm-based, nut-based, other plant-based, egg-based, meat-based, seafood-based, other animal-based, algae-based, processed (e.g., spreads), preserved (e.g., meals-ready-to-eat rations), and synthesized (e.g., gels) products.
[00840] The Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in candies, confections, desserts, and snacks selected from the group comprising dairy-based, cereal- based, baked, vegetable-based, fruit-based, root/tuber/corn-based, nut-based, gum-based, other plant-based, egg-based, meat-based, seafood-based, other animal-based, algae-based, processed (e.g., spreads), preserved (e.g., meals-ready-to-eat rations), and synthesized (e.g., gels) products. Such candies, confections, desserts, and snacks can be in ready-to-eat, ready-to- cook, ready-to-mix, raw, or in ingredient form, and can use the compositions as a sole sweetener or as a co-sweetener.
[00841] When talking about foods and beverages, the following products are included with any composition described herein.
[00842] 1, Dairy Products
[00843] 1.1, Milk and dairy - based drinks
Milk and buttermilk
Buttermilk (plain)
Dairy based drinks, flavored and/or fermented
[00844] 1.2, Fermented, renneted milk products (excluding drinks)
[00845] 1.3 condensed milk and analogues
Condensed milk (plain)
Beverage whiteners
[00846] 1.4 Cream (plain) and similar products
Pasteurized cream
Sterilized, UHT, whipping or whipped and reduced-fat creams
Clotted cream
Cream analogues
[00847] 1.5 Milk or cream powders
Milk or cream powders
Milk or cream powders analogues
[00848] 1.6 Cheese
Unripened cheese
Ripened cheese
Whey cheese
Processed cheese
Cheese analogues
[00849] 1.7 Dairy-based desserts (e.g. ice cream, ice milk, pudding, fruit or flavored yogurt)
[00850] 1.8 Whey and whey products, excluding whey cheese
[00851] 2 Fats and oils and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) [00852] 2.1 Fats and oils essentially free from water
[00853] 2.2 Fat emulsions, water-in-oil
[00854] 2.3 Fat emulsions other than 2.2, including mixed and/or flavored products based on fat emulsions.
[00855] 2.4 Fat-based desserts (excluding dairy-based desserts)
[00856] 3 Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet
[00857] 4, Fruits and vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes) and nuts and seeds
[00858] 4.1 Fruit
[00859] 4.1.1 Fresh fruit
Untreated fruit
Surface - treated fruit
Peeled or cut fruit
[00860] 4.1.2 Processed fruit
Frozen fruit
Dried fruit
Fruit in vinegar, oil or brine
Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit
Jams, jellies and marmalades
Fruit - based spread
Candied fruit
Fruit preparations, including pulp and fruit toppings
Fruit-based desserts, including fruit-flavored water-based desserts
Fermented fruit products
Fruit fillings for pastries
Cooked or fried fruits
[00861] 4.2 Vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes) and nuts and seeds
[00862] 4.2.1 Fresh vegetables
Untreated vegetables
Surface treated vegetables
Peeled or cut vegetables
[00863] 4.2.2 Processed vegetable and nuts and seeds
Frozen vegetable
Dried vegetables Vegetables in vinegar, oil or brine
Canned or bottled (pasteurized) vegetables
Vegetable, nut and seed purees and spreads
Vegetable, nut and seed pulps and preparations
Fermented vegetable products
Cooked or fried vegetables
[00864] 5, Confectionery
[00865] 5.1 Cocoa products and chocolate products, including imitations and chocolate substitutes
Cocoa mixes (powder and syrups)
Cocoa based spreads, including fillings
Cocoa and chocolate products (e.g. milk chocolate bars, chocolate flakes, white chocolate)
Imitation chocolate and chocolate substitute products
[00866] 5.2 Sugar-based confectionery other than 5.1, 5.3 and 5.4, including hard and soft candy and nougats
[00867] 5.3 Chewing gum
[00868] 5.4 Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit) and sweet sauces
[00869] 6, Cereals and cereal products, including flours and starches from roots and tubers, and pulses and legumes, excluding bakery wares
Whole, broken or flaked grain, including rice
Flours and starches
Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats
Pastas and noodles
Cereals and starch-based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding)
Batters (e.g. for fish or poultry)
[00870] 7, Bakery wares
[00871] 7.1 Bread and ordinary bakery wares
Breads and rolls
Crackers, excluding sweet crackers
Other ordinary bakery products (e.g. bagels, pitta, English muffins)
Bread- type products, including bread stuffing and breadcrumbs
[00872] 7.2 Fine bakery wares
Cakes, cookies and pies (e.g. fruit-filled or custard types)
Other fine bakery products (e.g. doughnuts, sweet rolls, scones and muffins) Mixes for fine bakery wares (e.g. cakes, pancakes)
[00873] 8, Meat and meat products, including poultry and game
[00874] 8.1 Fresh meat, poultry and game
Fresh meat, poultry and game, whole pieces or cuts
Fresh meat, poultry and game, comminuted
[00875] 8.2 Processed meat, poultry and game products in whole pieces or cuts
[00876] 8.3 Processed comminuted meat, poultry and game products
[00877] 8.4 Edible casings (e.g. sausage casings)
[00878] 9, Fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans and echinoderms
[00879] 9.1 Fish and fish products
[00880] 9.2 Processed fish and fish products
[00881] 9.3 Semi- preserved fish and fish products
[00882] 9.4 Fully preserved fish and fish products
[00883] 10, Eggs and egg products
[00884] 10.1 Fresh egg
[00885] 10.2 Egg products
[00886] 10.3 Preserved eggs
[00887] 10.4 Egg-based desserts
[00888] 11, Sweeteners, including honey
[00889] 11.1 White and semi-white sugar (sucrose or sacharose), fructose, glucose
(dextrose), xylose, sugar solutions and syrups, and (partially) inverted sugars, including molasses, treacle and sugar toppings.
[00890] 11.2 Other sugar and syrups (e.g. brown sugar, maple syrup)
[00891] 11.3 Honey
[00892] 11.4 Table - top sweeteners, including those containing high-intensity sweeteners, other than 11.1-11.3
[00893] 12, Salt, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc
[00894] 12.1 Salt
[00895] 12.2 Herbs, spices, seasonings (including salt substitutes) and condiments
[00896] 12.3 Vinegars [00897] 12.4 Mustards
[00898] 12.5 Soups and broths
Ready-to-eat soups and broths, including canned, bottled and frozen
Mixes for soups and broths
[00899] 12.6 Sauces and similar products
Emulsified sauces (e.g. mayonnaise, salad dressing)
Non-emulsified sauces (e.g. ketchup, cheese sauce, cream sauce, brown gravy)
Mixes for sauces and gravies
[00900] 12.7 Salads (e.g. macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads (excluding cocoa- and nut- based spreads)
[00901] 12.8 Yeast
[00902] 12.9 Protein products
[00903] 13, Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses
[00904] 13.1 Infant formulae and follow-up formulae
[00905] 13.2 Foods for young children (weaning food)
[00906] 13.3 Diabetic foods intended for special medical purposes
[00907] 13.4 Diabetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction
[00908] 13.5 Diabetic foods other than 13.1-13.4
[00909] 13.6 Food supplements
[00910] 14, Beverage excluding dairy products
[00911] 14.1 Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages
[00912] 14.1.1 Waters
Natural mineral waters and source waters
Table waters and soda waters
[00913] 14.1.2 Fruit and vegetable juices
Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit juice
Canned or bottled (pasteurized) vegetable juice
Concentrates (liquid or solid) for fruit juice
Concentrates (liquid or solid) for vegetable juice
[00914] 14.1.3 Fruit and vegetable nectars
Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit nectar
Canned or bottled (pasteurized) vegetable nectar
Concentrate (liquid or solid) for fruit nectar Concentrate (liquid or solid) for vegetable nectar
[00915] 14.1.4 Water-based flavored drinks, including 'sport' or 'electrolyte" drinks
Carbonated drinks
Non-carbonated drinks, including punches
Concentrates (liquid or solid) for drinks
[00916] 14.1.15 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions and other hot cereal beverages, excluding cocoa
[00917] 14.2 Alcoholic beverages, including alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts
[00918] 14.2.1 Beer or malt beverage
[00919] 14.2.2 Cider and perry
[00920] 14.2.3 Wines
Still wine
Sparking and semi-sparkling wines
Fortified wine and liquor wine
Aromatized wine
[00921] 14.2.4 Fruit wine
[00922] 14.2.5 Mead
[00923] 14.2.6 Spirituous beverages
Spirituous beverage containing at least 15% alcohol
Spirituous beverage containing less than 15% alcohol
[00924] 15, Ready-to-eat savories
Snacks, potato-, cereal-, flour-, or starch-based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes)
Processed nuts, including coated nuts and nut mixtures (with e.g. dried fruit)
[00925] 16, Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 1-15
[00926] Size of bubbles in a carbonated beverage can significantly affect the mouth feel and flavor of the beverage. It is desirable to manipulate one or more properties of the bubbles produced in a beverage. Such properties can include the size of bubbles produced, the shape of bubbles, the amount of bubbles generated, and the rate at which bubbles are released or otherwise generated. Taste tests revealed a preference for carbonated beverage containing bubbles of smaller size. The inventors surprisingly found that adding MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin could minimize the size of bubbles, thus improve the mouth feel and flavor of beverages. One embodiment pertains to compositions of MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin that could be used as additives to manipulate the size of bubbles, preferably for reducing the size of bubbles. An embodiment pertains to compositions of MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin with other additives to control bubble properties.
[00927] It is known that different acids, either organic or inorganic acids, have different taste profiles. It is desirable for the food and beverage industry to find solutions which could control the acid taste profile when designing the products. The inventors surprisingly found that adding MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin could harmonize the acid or sour taste profile in foods and beverages, especially the foods and beverages comprising acetic acid such as ketchup, pickles, etc. One embodiment pertains to compositions of MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin, and one or more food grade acid(s) to provide desirable acid taste profile.
[00928] MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin can be used in foods to enhance the taste profile, especially for sugar, salt, fat reducing products. One embodiment pertains to food or beverage compositions of MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin, and one or more low calories sweeteners, such as allulose, tagatose. One embodiment pertains to food or beverage compositions of MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin, and one or more fibers and or polyols, such as Inulin, or polydextrose.
[00929] With globalization and internet development, spicy food has become more popular all over the world. However, not everyone can tolerate the strong spicy taste of spicy foods by using strong spicy chilies, curry, horseradish, mustard, garlic, ginger, wasabi etc. The inventors surprisingly found that using compositions of this invention, MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin, thaumatin etc. could significantly reduce or harmonize the spiciness of these foods and make it palatable for more people. One embodiment pertains to food or beverages of MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin, thaumatin and one or more spicy foodstuff selected from chilies, curry, horseradish, mustard, wasabi, garlic, or ginger.
[00930] The inventors also found adding thaumatin, MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin in foods such as jams, scrambled eggs, butter, goulash soup, cheese etc. could significantly modify or change the taste profile of whole foods and make them more palatable. One embodiment pertains to food compositions of thaumatin, MRPs, MRPs with sweetening agent(s), MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin and one or more other food ingredients.
[00931] The Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, assays, diagnostic kits, and various therapies selected from the group comprising weight control, nutritional supplement, vitamins, infant diet, diabetic diet, athlete diet, geriatric diet, low carbohydrate diet, low fat diet, low protein diet, high carbohydrate diet, high fat diet, high protein diet, low calorie diet, non-caloric diet, oral hygiene products (e.g., toothpaste, mouthwash, rinses, floss, toothbrushes, other implements), personal care products (e.g., soaps, shampoos, rinses, lotions, balms, salves, ointments, paper goods, perfumes, lipstick, other cosmetics), professional dentistry products in which taste or smell is a factor (e.g., liquids, chewables, inhalables, injectables, salves, resins, rinses, pads, floss, implements), medical, veterinarian, and surgical products in which taste or smell is a factor (e.g., liquids, chewables, inhalables, injectables, salves, resins, rinses, pads, floss, implements), and pharmaceutical compounding fillers, syrups, capsules, gels, and coating products.
[00932] The Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in consumer goods packaging materials and containers selected from the group comprising plastic film, thermoset and thermoplastic resin, gum, foil, paper, bottle, box, ink, paint, adhesive, and packaging coating products.
[00933] The Maillard reaction product(s) noted herein can be used in goods including sweeteners, co-sweeteners, coated sweetener sticks, frozen confection sticks, medicine spoons (human and veterinary uses), dental instruments, presweetened disposable tableware and utensils, sachets, edible sachets, potpourris, edible potpourris, artificial flowers, edible artificial flowers, clothing, edible clothing, massage oils, and edible massage oils.
[00934] A probiotic beverage normally is made by fermenting milk, or skimmed milk powder, sucrose and or glucose with selected bacteria strains, by manufacturers such as Yakult or Weichuan. Normally, a large amount of sugar is added to the probiotic beverage to provide nutrients to the probiotics in order to keep them alive during shelf life. Actually, the main function of such a large amount of sugar is also needed to counteract the sourness of probiotic beverage and enhance its taste. Sweetness and the thickness are the two key attributes that are most affected for the acceptability of the beverage. It is a challenge for the manufacturers to produce tasteful probiotic beverages of reduced sugar versions. The inventors surprisingly found that adding compositions described herein, such as MRPs, sweetening agent(s) and MRPs, sweetening agent(s), or MRPs and thaumatin could substantially improve the overall- likeability, aroma, and mouth feel of probiotic beverages, especially for reduced sugar, or reduced fat versions. Thus embodiments of probiotic beverages include those with MRPs, combinations of MRPs and thaumatin, combinations of sweeting agent(s) and MRPs, or combination of MRPs, sweetening agent and thaumatin.
[00935] Reb M has a good sweet taste profile when freshly prepared. However, the taste of Reb M can change into an unpleasant taste profile likeability Reb A when it is stored in liquid form after many weeks. It is assumed that its structure changes in solution with time. The inventors surprisingly found the present embodiments described herein could significantly change the structure and improve the stability and make Reb M usable as a good sweetener even if stored for long periods of time. One embodiment comprises Reb M and MRP(s). A method can be to blend MRPs with Reb M contained in stevia extract, or preferably the Reb M is utilized during the Maillard reaction either using it as non-reducing sugar donor or as diluting agent. Embodiments include compositions comprising Reb M and one or more components selected from MRP(s), combination of MRP(s) and sweetening agent(s), combination of MRPs and thaumatin, or combination of MRP(s), sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin. Not to be limited by theory, MRP(s) may act as an emulsifier to change the structure/conformation of stevia glycosides in solution. [00936] In recent years, large molecular weight stevia glycosides such as Reb D, Reb E, Reb M, or their mixtures with/without Reb A etc. can be obtained via enzymatic conversion, or fermentation. However, the final products always contain an unpleasant smell like that of fermented food or enzymatic food ingredients. Such unpleasant smells limit their application, especially with the taste of food and beverages. Therefore, it is necessary to find solutions to overcome these disadvantages so that stevia glycosides have a better taste. The inventors surprisingly found that adding MRP(s), MRP(s) and stevia glycosides, MRP(s), stevia glycosides and thaumatin, or MRP(s) and thaumatin could significantly improve the taste of stevia glycosides made via enzymatic conversion or fermentation processes, preferably when adding stevia glycosides made by these methods in the production of MRPs. One embodiment comprises compositions that include stevia glycosides and MRPs, wherein stevia glycosides are made via an enzymatic or a fermenting method. Another embodiment is a method to improve the taste of stevia glycosides made by enzymatic or fermentation methods, where the method includes addition of Maillard reaction products. An embodiment of consumables comprises Maillard reaction treated stevia glycosides, where resultant MRPs are above 10( 9) ppb.
[00937] Aquaplants and seafood cultivated from fresh water or sea water always have a fish smell or marine odor. Examples of odoriferous aquatic foodstuffs include spirulina powder or its enriched protein extract, protein extracted from duckweeds (lemnoideae family), fish protein, fish meal etc. There is a need to minimize or cover the unpleasant odor to make the food product palatable. The inventors surprisingly found that compositions described herein could be added in these products to minimize the odors to make them more acceptable to consumers including feeds for animals. Embodiments of consumables comprise components from aquaplants and or seafood, and any of the compositions described herein.
[00938] Foods and beverages containing acids can irritate the tongue. For instance, products containing acetic acid can irritate the tongue and make that product unpalatable. The inventors surprisingly found that adding thaumatin, MRP(s) and thaumatin, MRP(s) and sweeting agent(s), or MRP(s), sweeting agent(s) and thaumatin could significantly balance the acid taste and make the products palatable. [00939] Beverages containing vinegar, such as apple cider vinegar drink, shrub, switchel etc. have become popular in the market due to vinegar's health attributes. The acetic acid can be naturally occurring, for instance it is originated from fermentation of fruits such as apple, pear, persimmon etc., grains such as rice, wheat etc. It could be also synthetic. However, the taste of acetic acid is strong and sour and tends to burn the throat. Therefore, there is a need to find a solution to harmonize it. The inventors surprisingly found that adding thaumatin, MRP(s), combination(s) of MRP(s) and thaumatin, combinations of MRP(s), sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin, or combination of MRP(s), high intensity sweeteners, either synthetic or natural, or their combination, and thaumatin can strongly harmonize the taste of beverages containing acetic acid and make them palatable. One embodiment provides a composition comprising acetic acid and any of the compositions described herein. Another embodiment provides a method to harmonize the taste of acetic acid by using any of the compositions described herein. Another embodiment provides a consumable that comprises acetic acid and any of the compositions described herein. Another embodiment provides the use of any the compositions described herein in beverages containing acetic acid, where the dosage of the composition(s) described herein is above 10( 9) ppb. Embodiments of the composition(s) described herein include, for example, thaumatin, MRP(s), combinations of thaumatin and MRP(s), combinations of MRP(s) and sweetening agent(s), combinations of thaumatin, MRP(s) and sweetening agent(s), combinations of thaumatin and high intensity synthetic sweetener(s), combinations of thaumatin, MRP(s) and high intensity synthetic sweeteners,) or combinations of thaumatin, MRP(s), sweetening agent(s), and high intensity synthetic sweetener(s).
[00940] Thermotreating sweetening agents, especially thermo-reaction treatment can result in improved taste of the sweetening agent(s). The inventors surprisingly found that adding thaumatin, MRP(s), combinations of MR(s) and sweetening agent(s), combinations of MRP(s) and thaumatin, combinations of MRP(s), sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin in food and beverages containing alcohol can enhance the strength of alcohol. Embodiments provide food and beverages containing alcohol comprising composition selected from thaumatin, MRP(s), combinations of MRP(s) and sweetening agent(s), combinations of MRP(s) and thaumatin, or combinations of MRP(s), sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin. Thermo-treatment is like caramelization of a sweetening agent (without MRP(s)). The temperature range can be from 0-1000°C, in particular from about 20 to about 200°C, more particularly from about 60 to about 120°C. The period of treatment can be from be from a few seconds to a few days, more particularly about one day and even more particularly from about 1 hour to about 5 hours.
[00941] For example, adding thaumatin, MRP(s), combinations of MRP(s) and sweetening agent(s), combinations of MRP(s) and thaumatin, or combination(s) of MRP(s), sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin in beer, or non-alcoholic beer, can enhance the strength of beer taste.
[00942] Flavor of beer, the size and the amount of bubbles are important factors in measuring the quality of beer. Compositions described herein can be used for enhancing the flavor of beer taste and to adjust the size and amount of bubbles. In one embodiment, beer or beer containing products can include thaumatin, MRP(s), combinations of MRP(s) and thaumatin, combinations of MRP(s), sweetening agent(s), or combination of MRP(s), sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin.
[00943] Foods having high sugar content such as area catechu, spicy bar (or called spicy strip, hot strip, spicy glutein), pickled vegetables, meat and fishes, or fermented foods always require large amounts of sugar in order to balance the total taste profile and make them more palatable. The inventors surprisingly found that adding thaumatin, MRP(s), combinations of MRP(s) and thaumatin, combinations of MRP(s), sweetening agent(s) and thaumatin, or combinations of sweeting agent(s) and MRP(s) could significantly improve the taste profile and or palatability, especially when sugar reduction is required for such foods. For example, embodiments of such compositions include area catechu, spicy bar, pickled food, or fermented foods with one of composition(s) described herein.
[00944] Vegetable burgers have become popular in recent years, but the taste is still not palatable to most consumers. Compositions described herein can be used for enhancing the flavor and taste of the vegetable burger. In one embodiment, a vegetable burger comprises thaumatin, MRP(s), combinations of MRP(s) and thaumatin, combinations of MRP(s) and sweetening agent(s), or combinations of thaumatin, MRP(s) and sweetening agent(s).
[00945] Grilled foods often incorporate sugar to enhance the taste. However, sugar creates strong colors during grilling, and when the fried foods become cold, the sugar syrup becomes sticky. The inventors found that by adding the compositions described herein to the food to be grilled, these disadvantages can be overcome. For example, embodiments include grilled foods that include thaumatin, MRP(s), combinations of thaumatin and MRP(s), combinations of MRP(s) and sweetening agent(s), or combinations of MRP(s), sweeting agents and thaumatin.
[00946] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All publications and patents specifically mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes including describing and disclosing the chemicals, instruments, statistical analyses and methodologies which are reported in the publications which might be used in connection with the invention. All references cited in this specification are to be taken as indicative of the level of skill in the art. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the invention is not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
[00947] The following paragraphs enumerated consecutively from 1 through 219 provide for various aspects of the present invention. In one embodiment, in a first paragraph (1), the present invention provides:
[00948] 1. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product and at least one of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[00949] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the Maillard reaction product is the result of the Maillard reaction without separation of purification of reaction components.
[00950] 3. The composition of paragraph 1 or 2, wherein the Maillard reaction product consists of volatile substances and non-volatile substances.
[00951] 4. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the Maillard reaction product is partially isolated products, either partially volatile substance or partially non-volatile substances are removed from the direct resultant of Maillard reaction. [00952] 5. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the Maillard reaction product is a pure volatile substance.
[00953] 6. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the Maillard reaction product is pure non-volatile substance.
[00954] 7. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-6, wherein the Maillard reaction product is a water soluble compound.
[00955] 8. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the stevia extract comprises one or more stevia extract components.
[00956] 9. The composition of paragraph 8, wherein the stevia extract component is a stevia glycoside and is one or more of rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more steviol glycosides have a molecular weight of greater than 965 daltons and is selected from the group consisting of Related SG#2, Related SG#5, RU2, RT, RW, RW2, RW3, RU, SG-12, RH, RJ, RK, RK2, SG-Ukn4, SG-Ukn5, RD, Rl, RL, RI3, SG-Ukn6, RQ, RI2, RQ2, RQ3, RT1, Related SG#4, RV2, RV, RY, RN, RM, 15a-OH RM, RO, AND R02.
[00957] In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 981 daltons. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1097 daltons. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1111 daltons. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1127 daltons. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1259 daltons. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1273 daltons. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1289 daltons. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1305 daltons. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more SGs having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1435 daltons. [00958] 10. The composition of paragraph 9, wherein the stevia extract component is rebaudioside A with a purity of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[00959] 11. The composition of paragraph 9, wherein the stevia extract component is a salt form.
[00960] 12. The composition of paragraph 8, wherein the stevia extract further comprises non-stevia glycoside components.
[00961] 13. The composition of paragraph 12, wherein the non-stevia glycosides components are volatile substances characterized by citrus flavor.
[00962] 14. The composition of paragraph 13, wherein the non-volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside components comprises one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent-kaurene structure.
[00963] 15. The composition of paragraph 12 , wherein the non-stevia glycoside components consist of volatile and non-volatile substances.
[00964] 16. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the swingle extract comprises one or more mogroside extract components.
[00965] 17. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the mogroside extract component is one or more of mogroside V, mogroside IV, siamenoside I, 11-oxomogroside V or mixtures thereof.
[00966] 18. The composition of paragraph 17, wherein the mogroside extract component is a salt form.
[00967] 19. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the glycosylated stevia extract comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[00968] 20. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[00969] 21. The composition of paragraph 20, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is a salt form.
[00970] 22. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the glycosylated swingle extract comprises a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I or a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside
V or mixtures thereof.
[00971] 23. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the glycosylated mogroside comprises a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I or a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside
V or mixtures thereof.
[00972] 24. The composition of paragraph 23, wherein the glycosylated mogroside is a salt form.
[00973] 25. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 24, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) are formed from a sugar donor comprising a reducing sugar, and an amine donor comprising a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide or mixtures thereof.
[00974] 26. The composition of paragraph 25, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
[00975] 27. The composition of paragraph 26, wherein the monosaccharide comprises galactose, glucose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose, xylose or combinations thereof.
[00976] 28. The composition of paragraph 26, wherein the disaccharide comprises cellobiose, lactose, maltose or combinations thereof.
[00977] 29. The composition of paragraph 26, wherein the polysaccharide comprises starch.
[00978] 30. The composition of paragraph 25, wherein the reducing sugar is burnt sugar.
[00979] 31. The composition of paragraph 25, wherein the reducing sugar comprises a pentose or a hexose. [00980] 32. The composition of paragraph 31, wherein the pentose comprises an aldopentose or a ketopentose.
[00981] 33. The composition of paragraph 32, wherein the aldopentose comprises an arabinose, a xylose, a ribose, a xylose or combinations thereof.
[00982] 34. The composition of paragraph 32, wherein the ketopentose is a ribulose or a xylulose or combinations thereof.
[00983] 35. The composition of any of paragraphs 25 through34, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[00984] 36. The composition of any of paragraphs 25 through 35, wherein the peptide comprises HVP or mixtures thereof.
[00985] 37. The composition of any of paragraphs 25 through 36, wherein the protein comprises soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten or mixtures thereof.
[00986] 38. The composition of any of paragraphs 25 through 37, further comprising an alkaline pH adjuster.
[00987] 39. The composition of paragraph 38, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[00988] 40. The composition of any of paragraphs 25 through 39, further comprising a salt.
[00989] 41. The composition of paragraph 40, wherein the salt comprises sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof.
[00990] 42. The composition of any of paragraphs 25 through 41, further comprising a sweetener.
[00991] 43. The composition of paragraph 42, wherein the sweetener comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N--[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[00992] 44. The composition of any of paragraphs 25 through 43, further comprising a sweetener enhancer.
[00993] 45. The composition of paragraph 44, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[00994] 46. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 45, wherein the composition is used as a flavor or as a sweetener.
[00995] 47. The composition of paragraph 46, wherein the Maillard reaction product is present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[00996] 48. The composition of paragraph 47, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[00997] 49. A flavored food product comprising a food or beverage and any of the compositions of paragraphs 1 through 46.
[00998] 50. The flavored food product of paragraph 49, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the food product.
[00999] 51. The flavored food product of paragraph 50, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the food product.
[001000] 52. A flavored pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent and any of the compositions of paragraphs 1 through 46.
[001001] 53. The flavored pharmaceutical composition of paragraph 52, wherein the
Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
[001002] 54. The flavored pharmaceutical composition of paragraph 53, wherein the
Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. [001003] 55. A method to improve the taste profile of a product comprising the step of combining a Maillard reaction product with at least one of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001004] 56. A composition comprising Maillard reaction products of a reducing sugar and at least one of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001005] 57. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the Maillard reaction product is the direct result of Maillard reaction without separation of purification of reaction components.
[001006] 58. The composition of paragraph 56 or 57, wherein the Maillard reaction product consists of volatile substances and non-volatile substances.
[001007] 59. The composition of paragraph 56 or 57, wherein the Maillard reaction product is partially isolated products, either partially volatile substance or partially non-volatile substances are removed from the direct resultant of Maillard reaction.
[001008] 60. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the Maillard reaction product is pure volatile substance.
[001009] 61. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the Maillard reaction product is a pure non-volatile substance.
[001010] 62. The composition of any of paragraphs 56-61, wherein the Maillard reaction product is a water soluble compound.
[001011] 63. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the stevia extract comprises one or more stevia extract components.
[001012] 64. The composition of paragraph 63, wherein the stevia extract component is one or more of rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof. [001013] 65. The composition of paragraph 64, wherein the stevia extract component is rebaudioside A with a purity of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[001014] 66. The composition of paragraph 64, wherein the stevia extract component is a salt form.
[001015] 67. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the stevia extract further comprises non-stevia glycoside components.
[001016] 68. The composition of paragraph 67, wherein the non-stevia glycosides components are volatile substances characterized by citrus flavor.
[001017] 69. The composition of paragraph 68, wherein the non-volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside components comprises one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent-kaurene structure.
[001018] 70. The composition of paragraph 67 , wherein the non-stevia glycoside components consist of volatile and non-volatile substances.
[001019] 71. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the swingle extract comprises one or more mogroside extract components.
[001020] 72. The composition of paragraph 71, wherein the mogroside extract component is one or more of mogroside V, mogroside IV, siamenoside I, 11-oxomogroside V or mixtures thereof.
[001021] 73. The composition of paragraph 72, wherein the mogroside extract component is a salt form.
[001022] 74. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the glycosylated stevia extract comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[001023] 75. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[001024] 76. The composition of paragraph 75, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is a salt form.
[001025] 77. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the glycosylated swingle extract comprises a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I or a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside
V or mixtures thereof.
[001026] 78. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the glycosylated mogroside comprises a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I or a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside
V or mixtures thereof.
[001027] 79. The composition of paragraph 78, wherein the glycosylated mogroside is a salt form.
[001028] 80. The composition of any of paragraphs 56 through 79, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) are formed from the reducing sugar and/or the sweet tea extract, the stevia extract, the swingle extract, the glycosylated sweet tea extract, the glycosylated stevia extract, the glycosylated swingle extract, the glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, the glycosylated steviol glycoside, the glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof, with an amine donor comprising a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide or mixtures thereof.
[001029] 81. The composition of paragraph 80, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
[001030] 82. The composition of paragraph 81, wherein the monosaccharide comprises galactose, glucose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose, xylose or combinations thereof.
[001031] 83. The composition of paragraph 81, wherein the disaccharide comprises cellobiose, lactose, maltose or combinations thereof.
[001032] 84. The composition of paragraph 81, wherein the polysaccharide comprises starch. [001033] 85. The composition of paragraph 80, wherein the reducing sugar is burnt sugar.
[001034] 86. The composition of paragraph 80, wherein the reducing sugar comprises a pentose or a hexose.
[001035] 87. The composition of paragraph 86, wherein the pentose comprises an aldopentose or a ketopentose.
[001036] 88. The composition of paragraph 87, wherein the aldopentose comprises an arabinose, a xylose, a ribose, a xylose or combinations thereof.
[001037] 89. The composition of paragraph 87, wherein the ketopentose is a ribulose or a xylulose or combinations thereof.
[001038] 90. The composition of any of paragraphs 80 through 89, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[001039] 91. The composition of any of paragraphs 80 through 90, wherein the peptide comprises HVP or mixtures thereof.
[001040] 92. The composition of any of paragraphs 80 through 91, wherein the protein comprises soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten or mixtures thereof.
[001041] 93. The composition of any of paragraphs 80 through 92, further comprising an alkaline pH adjuster.
[001042] 94. The composition of paragraph 93, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[001043] 95. The composition of any of paragraphs 80 through 94, further comprising a salt.
[001044] 96. The composition of paragraph 95, wherein the salt comprises sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof.
[001045] 97. The composition of any of paragraphs 80 through 96, further comprising a sweetener. [001046] 98. The composition of paragraph 97, wherein the sweetener comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001047] 99. The composition of any of paragraphs 80 through 98, further comprising a sweetener enhancer.
[001048] 100. The composition of paragraph 99, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001049] 101. The composition of any of paragraphs 56 through 100, wherein the composition is used as a flavor or as a sweetener.
[001050] 102. The composition of paragraph 101, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[001051] 103. The composition of paragraph 102, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[001052] 104. A flavored food product comprising a food or beverage and any of the compositions of paragraphs 56 through 101.
[001053] 105. The flavored food product of paragraph 104, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the food product.
[001054] 106. The flavored food product of paragraph 105, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the food product.
[001055] 107. A flavored pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent and any of the compositions of paragraphs 56 through 101. [001056] 108. The flavored pharmaceutical composition of paragraph 107, wherein the
Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
[001057] 109. The flavored pharmaceutical composition of paragraph 108, wherein the
Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
[001058] 110. A method to improve the taste profile of a product comprising the step of combining a reducing sugar, at least one of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof, with an amine donor under conditions that a Maillard reaction occurs to provide Maillard reaction product(s).
[001059] 111. A composition comprising Maillard reaction products of at least one of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001060] 112. The composition of paragraph 111, wherein the Maillard reaction product is the direct result of Maillard reaction without separation of purification of reaction components.
[001061] 113. The composition of paragraph 111 or 112, wherein the Maillard reaction production consists of volatile substances and non-volatile substances.
[001062] 114. The composition of paragraph 111 or 112, wherein the Maillard reaction product is partially isolated products, either partially volatile substance or partially non-volatile substances are removed from the direct resultant of Maillard reaction.
[001063] 115. The composition of paragraph 111, wherein the Maillard reaction product is a pure volatile substance.
[001064] 116. The composition of paragraph 111, wherein the Maillard reaction product is a pure non-volatile substance.
[001065] 117. The composition of any of paragraphs 111-116, wherein the Maillard reaction product is a water soluble compound. [001066] 118. The composition of paragraph 111, wherein the stevia extract comprises one or more stevia extract components.
[001067] 119. The composition of paragraph 118, wherein the stevia extract component is one or more of rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[001068] 120. The composition of paragraph 119, wherein the stevia extract component is rebaudioside A with a purity of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[001069] 121. The composition of paragraph 119, wherein the stevia extract component is a salt form.
[001070] 122. The composition of paragraph 111, wherein the stevia extract further comprises non-stevia glycoside components.
[001071] 123. The composition of paragraph 122, wherein the non-stevia glycosides components are volatile substances characterized by citrus flavor.
[001072] 124. The composition of paragraph 123, wherein the non-stevia glycoside components non-volatile substances comprises one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent-kaurene structure.
[001073] 125. The composition of paragraph 122, wherein the non-stevia glycoside components consist of volatile and non-volatile substances.
[001074] 126. The composition of paragraph 111, wherein the swingle extract comprises one or more mogroside extract components.
[001075] 127. The composition of paragraph 126, wherein the mogroside extract component is one or more of mogroside V, mogroside IV, siamenoside I, 11-oxomogroside V or mixtures thereof.
[001076] 128. The composition of paragraph 127, wherein the mogroside extract component is a salt form.
[001077] 129. The composition of paragraph 111, wherein the glycosylated stevia extract comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[001078] 130. The composition of paragraph 111, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[001079] 131. The composition of paragraph 130, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is a salt form.
[001080] 132. The composition of paragraph 131, wherein the glycosylated swingle extract comprises a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I or a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside
V or mixtures thereof.
[001081] 133. The composition of paragraph 131, wherein the glycosylated mogroside comprises a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I or a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside
V or mixtures thereof.
[001082] 134. The composition of paragraph 133, wherein the glycosylated mogroside is a salt form.
[001083] 135. The composition of any of paragraphs 111 through 134, wherein the
Maillard reaction product(s) are formed from the sweet tea extract, the stevia extract, the swingle extract, the glycosylated sweet tea extract, the glycosylated stevia extract, the glycosylated swingle extract, the glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, the glycosylated steviol glycoside, the glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof, with an amine donor comprising a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide or mixtures thereof.
[001084] 136. The composition of paragraph 135, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[001085] 137. The composition of either paragraphs 135 or 136, wherein the peptide comprises HVP or mixtures thereof.
[001086] 138. The composition of any of paragraphs 135 through 137, wherein the protein comprises soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten or mixtures thereof.
[001087] 139. The composition of any of paragraphs 135 through 138, further comprising an alkaline pH adjuster.
[001088] 140. The composition of paragraph 139, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[001089] 141. The composition of any of paragraphs 135 through 140, further comprising a salt.
[001090] 142. The composition of paragraph 141, wherein the salt comprises sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof.
[001091] 143. The composition of any of paragraphs 135 through 142, further comprising a sweetener.
[001092] 144. The composition of paragraph 143, wherein the sweetener comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001093] 145. The composition of any of paragraphs 135 through 144, further comprising a sweetener enhancer.
[001094] 146. The composition of paragraph 145, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001095] 147. The composition of any of paragraphs 111 through 146, wherein the composition is used as a flavor or as a sweetener. [001096] 148. The composition of paragraph 147, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[001097] 149. The composition of paragraph 148, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[001098] 150. A flavored food product comprising a food or beverage and any of the compositions of paragraphs 111 through 147.
[001099] 151. The flavored food product of paragraph 150, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the food product.
[001100] 152. The flavored food product of paragraph 151, wherein the Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the food product.
[001101] 153. A flavored pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent and any of the compositions of paragraphs 111 through 147.
[001102] 154. The flavored pharmaceutical composition of paragraph 153, wherein the
Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
[001103] 155. The flavored pharmaceutical composition of paragraph 154, wherein the
Maillard reaction product(s) is/are present from about 109 ppb to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
[001104] 156. A method to improve the taste profile of a product comprising the step of combining at least one of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof with an amine donor under conditions that a Maillard reaction occurs to provide Maillard reaction product(s).
[001105] 157. A compositions comprising one or more MRPs and one or more sweeteners. [001106] 158. A composition comprising one or more MRPs and one or more amine donors.
[001107] 159. A composition comprising one or more MRPs and one or more sugar donors
(reducing sugars).
[001108] 160. A composition comprising one or more MRPs and one or more salts.
[001109] 161. A composition comprising one or more MRPs and one or more sweetening agents.
[001110] 162. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweetening agents and one or more salts.
[001111] 163. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweetening agents and one or more amine donors.
[001112] 164. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweetening agents and one or more sweeteners.
[001113] 165. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweetening agents and one or more sugar donors.
[001114] 166. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners and one or more salts.
[001115] 167. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners and one or more amine donors.
[001116] 168. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners and one or more sugar donors.
[001117] 169. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners and one or more sweetening agents.
[001118] 170. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners, one or more sweetening agents and one or more salts.
[001119] 171. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners, one or more sweetening agents and one or more amine donors.
[001120] 172. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners, one or more sweetening agents and one or more sugar donors. [001121] 173. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners, one or more sweetening agents, one or more salts and one or more amine donors.
[001122] 174. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners, one or more sweetening agents, one or more salts and one or more sugar donors.
[001123] 175. A composition comprising one or more MRPs, one or more sweeteners, one or more sweetening agents, one or more amine donors and one or more sugar donors.
[001124] 176. A composition comprising one or more MRPS, one or more sweeteners, one or more sweetening agents, one or more amine donors, one or more salts, and one or more sugar donors.
[001125] 177. The composition of paragraph 9, wherein the stevia extract component is rebaudioside D or rebaudioside M or a mixture of both and the rebaudioside(s) are present at least by 0.5% by weight, 2% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 20% by weight, 30% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight, 60% by weight, 70% by weight, 80% by weight, 90% by weight, or 95% by weight.
[001126] 178. The composition of paragraph 64, wherein the stevia extract component is rebaudioside D or rebaudioside M or a mixture of both and the rebaudioside(s) are present at least by 0.5% by weight, 2% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 20% by weight, 30% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight, 60% by weight, 70% by weight, 80% by weight, 90% by weight, or 95% by weight.
[001127] 179. The composition of paragraph 119, wherein the stevia extract component is rebaudioside D or rebaudioside M or a mixture of both and the rebaudioside(s) are present at least by 0.5% by weight, 2% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 20% by weight, 30% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight, 60% by weight, 70% by weight, 80% by weight, 90% by weight, or 95% by weight.
[001128] 180. The composition of paragraph 156, wherein the steviol glycoside is rebaudioside D or rebaudioside M or a mixture of both and the rebaudioside(s) are present at least by 0.5% by weight, 2% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 20% by weight, 30% by weight, 40% by weight, 50% by weight, 60% by weight, 70% by weight, 80% by weight, 90% by weight, or 95% by weight. [001129] 181. A Maillard reaction product(s), formed from the reaction of one or more sugar donor(s) and one or more amine donor(s), wherein the sugar donor is one or more of galactose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, mixtures thereof, or derivatives thereof.
[001130] 182. A Maillard reaction product(s), formed from the reaction of one or more sugar donor(s) and one or more amine donor(s), wherein the sugar donor is one or more of a plant juice, a plant powder, a vegetable juice, a vegetable powder, a berry juice, a berry powder a fruit juice, a berry powder or mixtures thereof.
[001131] 183. The Maillard reaction product of paragraph 182, wherein the fruit juice, concentrate or extract, is enriched in anthocyanins.
[001132] 184. The Maillard reaction product of paragraph 183, wherein the fruit juice is bilberry juice, concentrate or extract.
[001133] 185. A Maillard reaction product(s), formed from the reaction of one or more sugar donor(s) and one or more amine donor(s), wherein the sugar donor is comprises a glycoside.
[001134] 186. The Maillard reaction product of paragraph 185, wherein the glycoside is a monosaccharide.
[001135] 187. The Maillard reaction product of paragraph 185, wherein the glycoside is an oligosaccharide.
[001136] 188. The Maillard reaction product of paragraph 185, wherein the sugar donor is one or more of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, lactose, arabinose, or mixtures thereof.
[001137] 189. The Maillard reaction product of paragraph 185, wherein the glycoside comprises concentrates or extracts from one or more of bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, cranberry, apple, peach, apricot, mango, or mixtures thereof.
[001138] 190. Any composition of paragraphs 1 through 156, further comprising a sweetening agent.
[001139] 191. Any composition of paragraphs 1 through 157, further comprising malic acid.
[001140] 192. The MRP composition of paragraph 190, wherein the Maillard reaction product is formed from the sweetening agent and the amine donor. [001141] 193. The MRP composition of paragraph 190, wherein the Maillard reaction product is formed from the sweetening agent, the reducing sugar and the amine donor.
[001142] 194. The MRP composition of any of paragraphs 190 through 193, wherein the unreacted sweetening agent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001143] 195. The MRP composition of paragraph 194, wherein the stevia extract comprises one or more steviol glycosides selected from the group consisting of rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[001144] 196. The MRP composition of paragraph 194, wherein the stevia extract comprises rebaudioside A with a purity of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[001145] 197. The MRP composition of any of paragraphs 190 through 196, wherein the unreacted reducing sugar is selected from one or more of the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides or mixtures thereof.
[001146] 198. The MRP composition of any of paragraphs 190 through 197, wherein the unreacted amine donor is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[001147] 199. The MRP composition of any of paragraphs 190 through 198, wherein the
MRP composition comprises:
[001148] 0-50 wt% of the unreacted reducing sugar;
[001149] 0-50 wt% of the unreacted amine donor; and
[001150] greater than 10 wt% of the unreacted sweetening agent, wherein all percentages are based on the total weight of the MRP composition.
[001151] 200. The MRP composition of any of paragraphs 190 through 199, wherein the
MRP composition is present in the form of a solid or a liquid. [001152] 201. The MRP composition of any of paragraphs 190 through 199, further comprising a carrier.
[001153] 202. The MRP composition of paragraph 200, wherein the carrier comprises those that can absorb or encapsulate the Maillard reaction product.
[001154] 203. The MRP composition of paragraph 201, wherein the carrier comprises a starch or a dextrin.
[001155] 204. A method for preparing the MRP composition of any of paragraphs 190 through 203, wherein the method includes the steps of (1) mixing all reactants including an amine donor, a reducing agent and/or a sweetening agent; (2) dissolving the mixture into a solvent; and (3) heating the mixture.
[001156] 205. The method of paragraph 204, wherein the solvent comprises water or ethanol.
[001157] 206. The method of any of paragraphs 204 through 205, wherein the method further includes the step of adding a pH adjuster.
[001158] 207. The method of paragraph 206, wherein the pH adjuster comprises Na2C03 or citric acid.
[001159] 208. The method of any of paragraphs 204-207, further comprising the step of spray-drying after the step of (3).
[001160] 209. A composition, comprising the MRP composition of any of paragraphs 204 through 208, further comprising an additional sweetening agent and/or a sweetener.
[001161] 210. The composition of paragraph 209, wherein the additional sweetening agent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001162] 211. The composition of paragraph 209, wherein the sweetener is selected from one or more of the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1- methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001163] 212. The composition of paragraph 209, wherein the sweetener is sucralose.
[001164] 213. The composition of paragraphs 209 through 212, wherein the ratio of the
MRP composition and an additional sweetening agent and/or a sweetener is from 1:99 to 99:1.
[001165] 214. A flavored food product comprising a food or beverage, and the MRP composition of any of paragraphs 190 through 213.
[001166] 215. A flavored food product comprising a food or beverage, and the composition of any of paragraphs 209 through 213.
[001167] 216. The flavored food product of paragraphs 214 or 215, wherein the MRP composition is present from 1-99% by weight of the total weight of the flavored food product.
[001168] 217. A flavored pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent, and the MRP composition of any of paragraphs 180 through 203.
[001169] 218. A flavored pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent, and the composition any of paragraphs 209 through 213.
[001170] 219. The flavored pharmaceutical composition of paragraphs 217 or 218, wherein the pharmaceutical agent is present from 1-99% by weight of the total weight of the flavored pharmaceutical composition.
Additional embodiments:
[001171] 1. A composition comprising: a sweetening agent selected from the group consisting of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof and a Millard reaction product comprising a nitrogen heterocylic functionality, a reaction product comprising cyclic enolone functionality, a reaction product comprising polycarbonyl functionality, a reaction product comprising monocarbonyl functionality or mixtures of one of more of the reaction products.
[001172] 2. A composition of paragraph 1, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract, stevia material, or one or more constituents of the stevia plant. [001173] 3. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the sweetening agent is a mogroside extract, a mogroside material or one or more constituents of a mogroside product.
[001174] 4. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 3, wherein the reaction product comprises nitrogen heterocyclic functionality includes pyrazines, pyrroles, pyridines, alkyl and acetyl-substituted saturated N-heterocycles.
[001175] 5. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 3, wherein the reaction product comprises cyclic enolone functionality includes maltol, isomaltol, dehydrofuranones, dehydropyrones and cyclopentenolones.
[001176] 6. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 3, wherein the reaction product comprises polycarbonyls includes 2-furaldehydes, 2-pyrrole aldehydes and C3-C6 methyl ketones.
[001177] 7. The composition of paragraphs 1 through 4, wherein the composition has a corny, nutty, roasted or breadlike flavor.
[001178] 8. The compostion of paragraphs 1 through 3 and 5, wherein the composition has a caramel like flavor
[001179] 9. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 6, wherein the Millard reaction product is present in an amount of from about 109 ppb to about 99.9 wt%.
[001180] 10. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 6, wherein the Millard reaction product enhances mouth feel.
[001181] 11. A food or beverage comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 10.
[001182] 12. The composition of paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is tea, cocoa, juice, soda, milk, water or coffee; or fruit or vegetable juice; or fruit or vegetable nectar; water- based flavored drink; herbal infusion; hot cereal beverage; non-alcoholic beverage; alcoholic beverage; beer or malt beverage; cider and perry; wine; fruit wine; or a spirituous beverage.
[001183] 13. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 12, wherein Maillard reaction composition comprises unreacted starting components.
[001184] 14. A composition comprising: sucralose or acesulfame-K and a Millard reaction product comprising a nitrogen heterocylic functionality, a reaction product comprising cyclic enolone functionality, a reaction product comprising polycarbonyl functionality, a reaction product comprising monocarbonyl functionality or mixtures of one of more of the reaction products.
[001185] 15. The composition of paragraph 14, wherein the reaction product comprises nitrogen heterocyclic functionality includes pyrazines, pyrroles, pyridines, alkyl and acetyl- substituted saturated N-heterocycles.
[001186] 16. The composition of paragraph 14, wherein the reaction product comprises cyclic enolone functionality includes maltol, isomaltol, dehydrofuranones, dehydropyrones and cyclopentenolones.
[001187] 17. The composition of paragraph 14, wherein the reaction product comprises polycarbonyls includes 2-furaldehydes, 2-pyrrole aldehydes and C3-C6 methyl ketones.
[001188] 18. The composition of paragraphs 14 or 15, wherein the composition has a corny, nutty, roasted or breadlike flavor.
[001189] 19. The compostion of paragraphs 14 or 15, wherein the composition has a caramel like flavor.
[001190] 20. The composition of any of paragraphs 14 through 19, wherein the Millard reaction product is present in an amount of from about 1 ppb to about 99.9 wt%.
[001191] 21. The composition of any of paragraphs 14 through 19, wherein the Millard reaction product enhances mouth feel.
[001192] 22. The composition of any of paragraphs 14 through 21, wherein the composition is included in a food or beverage.
[001193] 23. The composition of paragraph 22, wherein the beverage is tea, cocoa, juice, soda, or coffee.
[001194] 24. The composition of any of paragraphs 14 through 23, wherein Maillard reaction components are not all consumed during the Maillard reaction process and are present in the composition.
[001195] 25. A method to enhance mouth feel comprising the step:
adding a composition of paragraphs 1 through 10 or 14 through 20 to a food product or a beverage, resulting in an enhanced mouth feel of the food product or the beverage. [001196] 26. A composition of paragraphs 1 through 10 or 14 through 20 for use in a food product or a beverage, to color the food product or the beverage.
[001197] 27. The composition of paragraph 26, wherein the resultant food product or beverage has a red color.
[001198] 28. The composition of paragraph 26, wherein the resultant food product or beverage has an orange color.
[001199] 29. The composition of paragraph 26, wherein the resultant food product or beverage has a caramel color.
[001200] 30. A flavoring composition prepared by a reaction between multiple components comprising:
[001201] reacting one or more amino compounds and one or more carbonyl compounds to obtain a composition of Maillard reaction products.
[001202] 31. The flavoring composition of paragraph 30, wherein the one or more amino compounds and the one or more carbonyl compounds are equivalent on a molar basis.
[001203] 32. The flavoring composition of paragraph 30, wherein excess amino compound and/or excess carbonyl compound are present in the Maillard reaction product composition.
[001204] 33. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 30 through 32, wherein the amino compounds are selected from the group consisting of amino acids, amines, peptides, proteins, protein hydrolysates, hydrolyzes vegetable protein, yeast extracts, yeast hydrolysates, soy extract or mixtures thereof.
[001205] 34. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 30 through 33, wherein the carbonyl compounds are selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar derivatives, hydrolyzed pectins.
[001206] 35. The flavoring composition of paragraph 34, wherein the carbonyl compounds are selected from the group consisting of xylose, glucose, fructose, rhamnose and lactose.
[001207] 36. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 30 through 35, further comprising a sweetening agent selected from the group consisting of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001208] 37. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 30 through 36, further comprising a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sucralose, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001209] 38. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 30 through 37, wherein the flavoring composition is included in a food or beverage.
[001210] 39. The flavoring composition of paragraph 38, wherein the beverage is tea, cocoa, juice, soda, or coffee.
[001211] 40. The composition of any of paragraphs 30 through 39, wherein Maillard reaction components are not all consumed during the Maillard reaction process and are present in the composition.
[001212] 41. A flavoring composition prepared by a reaction between multiple components comprising:
[001213] reacting one or more sweetening agents selected from the group consisting of a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof and one or more amino compounds.
[001214] 42. The flavoring composition of paragraph 41, wherein the one or more amino compounds and the one or more sweetening agents are equivalent on a molar basis.
[001215] 43. The flavoring composition of paragraph 41 wherein excess amino compound and/or excess sweetening agents are present in the Maillard reaction product composition.
[001216] 44. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 41 through 43, wherein the amino compounds are selected from the group consisting of amino acids, amines, peptides, proteins, protein hydrolysates, hydrolyzes vegetable protein, yeast extracts, yeast hydrolysates, soy extract or mixtures thereof.
[001217] 45. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 41 through 44, further comprising a carbonyl containing compound.
[001218] 46. The flavoring composition of paragraph 45, wherein the carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar derivatives and hydrolyzed pectins.
[001219] 47. The flavoring composition of paragraph 45, wherein the carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of xylose, glucose, fructose, rhamnose and lactose.
[001220] 48. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 41 through 47, further comprising a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sucralose, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001221] 49. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 41 through 48, wherein the flavoring composition is included in a food or beverage.
[001222] 50. The flavoring composition of paragraph 49, wherein the beverage is tea, cocoa, juice, soda, or coffee.
[001223] 51. The flavoring composition of any of paragraphs 41 through 50, wherein
Maillard reaction components are not all consumed during the Maillard reaction process and are present in the composition.
Additional embodiments
[001224] 1. A stevia extract comprising a steviol glycoside and a non-stevia glycoside flavor.
[001225] 2. The stevia extract of paragraph 1, wherein the non-stevia glycoside flavor comprises one or more volatile substances. [001226] 3. The stevia extract of paragraph 2, wherein the volatile substance is one or more substances extracted from stevia plants by water distillation, solvent extraction or supercritical extraction.
[001227] 4. The stevia extract of paragraph 2 or paragraph 3, wherein the volatile substance comprises alkanes, ketones, acids, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatics, esters, alcohols, aliphatics or amines.
[001228] 5. The stevia extract of paragraph 4, wherein the acids comprise acetic acid,
Propanoic acid, Pentanoic acid, Hexanoic acid, Trans 2-hexenoic acid, Heptanoic acid, Octanoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, decahydro-l-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 2,3-dihyd-9,12,15- Octadecatrienoic acid; the alcohols comprise l-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-ol, 2-Ethyl-l- dodecanol, (+) spathulenol, l,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahy-l-Naphthalenol; the aldehydes comprise Hexanal, 2,4-Pentadienal, Octanal, Nonanal, Decanal, 1-Cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, 2,5- dimethyl-5-nitrohexanal, (E)-2-Hexenal, (Z)-2-Heptenal; the amines comprise 4-methyl- Pyrimidine, O-decyl-Hydroxylamine, the esters comprise 3-Methyl pentanoic acid, 2-ethyl-4- Pentenal, Triacetin, Heptafluorobutyric acid, n-pentadecyl es, Pseudosolasodine diacetate, 2,5,6-trimethyl-Decane; the ketones comprise dihydro-2(3H)-Furanone, 5-ethenyldihydro-5- methy-2(3H)-Furanone, 5-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-Furanone, 4-methyl-Cyclopentadecanone, 3,3- dimethyl-2,7-octanedione, 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 3,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-2,52H-l- Benzopyran, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-Pentadecanone, trans- -lonone, 3-ethyl-4-methyl-lH-Pyrrole-2,5-dione, lH-Naphtho[2,l-b]pyran, 3- ethenyldodecah; the alkanes comprises nitro-Cyclohexane, 2,6-dimethyl-Heptadecane, 2,6,7- trimethyl-Decane, 2,6,7-trimethyl-Decane, Tetradecane, 2,6,10-trimethyl-Dodecane, 2,3- Dimethyldecane, Undecane, 5-methyl-Undecane, Docosane, Dodecane, Heptadecane, Nonadecane, l-Bromo-2-methyl-decane, 2,6,10-trimethyl-Tetradecane; the hydrocarbons comprise Bicyclo[4.4.1]undeca-l,3,5,7,9-pentaen-l, 3-lsopropoxy-l,l,l,7,7,7-hexamethyl-3,5, the alkenes comprise 3-Cyclohexene-l-methanol, Caryophyllene oxide, Junipene; the aromatics comprise Ethylbenzene, pentamethyl-Benzene, 2-methyl-Naphthalene, (-i-)-Aromadendrene; the aliphatics comprise 1-chloro-Nonadecane, 1-chloro-Octadecane. [001229] 6. The stevia extract of any of paragraphs 1-5, wherein the stevia extract is obtained from stevia leaves, preferably fresh leaves, low temperature-dried leaves or sun-dried leaves.
[001230] 7. The stevia extract of any of paragraphs 1-6, wherein the non-stevia glycoside flavor is present at an amount of from 109 ppb to 99.5 wt % by weight of the stevia extract.
[001231] 8. The stevia extract of any of paragraphs 1-7, wherein the stevia extract is a solid or liquid solution.
[001232] 9. The stevia extract of paragraph 8, wherein the steviol glycoside forms clusters.
[001233] 10. The stevia extract of paragraph 9, wherein the non-steviol glycoside flavor is embedded in and/or absorbed onto the clusters.
[001234] 11. The stevia extract of any of paragraphs 1 through 10, wherein the stevia extract is citrus flavor.
[001235] 12. A composition comprising one or more steviol glycosides, a Maillard
Reaction Product, resulting from the reaction between Millard Reaction Product reactants comprising a sugar and amine donor without a steviol glycoside present, residue of unreacted Maillard reaction reactants, non-stevia glycosides components from stevia plants, and at least one steviol glycoside involved in a Maillard Reaction to form steviol glycoside derived MRPs and residue of the unreacted steviol glycoside.
[001236] 13. A Maillard Reaction Product of a stevia extract comprising a steviol glycoside and non-steviol glycoside substances and an amine donor.
[001237] 14. The Maillard Reaction Product of paragraph 13, wherein the non-steviol glycoside substances are essential oils extracted from stevia plants.
[001238] 15. A method for producing fermented yogurt, comprising subjecting a stevia extract to Maillard Reaction conditions in the presence of milk, sugar donors and amine donors to provide a reaction mixture.
[001239] 16. The method of paragraph 15, wherein the reaction mixture can be further fermented. Additional embodiments:
[001240] 1. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product, wherein the
Maillard reaction product is formed from the reaction of reactants comprising an amine donor and a sugar donor.
[001241] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the Maillard reaction product is present from about 0.1 ppm to about 100% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[001242] 3. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the amine donor and the sugar donor have a ratio of from 1:99 to 99:1 by weight.
[001243] 4. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-3, wherein the amine donor comprises a compound having a free amino group.
[001244] 5. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-3, wherein the amine donor comprises an amine comprising primary amine compounds and secondary amine compounds, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, yeast extracts or mixtures thereof.
[001245] 6. The composition of paragraph 5, wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or combinations thereof.
[001246] 7. The composition of paragraph 5, wherein the peptide comprises HVP or mixtures thereof.
[001247] 8. The composition of paragraph 5, wherein the protein is selected from one or more of soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten or mixtures thereof.
[001248] 9. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a compound having a free carbonyl group.
[001249] 10. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-3, wherein the sugar donor comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
[001250] 11. The composition of paragraph 10, wherein the monosaccharide comprises glucose, xylose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose, ribulose, xylulose or combinations thereof. [001251] 12. The composition of paragraph 10, wherein the disaccharide comprises cellobiose, lactose, maltose or combinations thereof.
[001252] IB. The composition of paragraph 10, wherein the polysaccharide comprises starch.
[001253] 14. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-3, wherein the sugar donor is burnt sugar.
[001254] 15. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-3, wherein the reactants further comprise an alkaline pH adjuster.
[001255] 16. The composition of paragraph 15, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[001256] 17. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-16, wherein the composition further comprises unreacted amine donor or unreacted sugar donor.
[001257] 18. The composition of paragraph 17, wherein the unreacted amine donor is present at an amount of from 0-99% by weight of the composition.
[001258] 19. The composition of paragraph 17, wherein the unreacted sugar donor is present at an amount of from 0-99% by weight of the composition.
[001259] 20. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-19, wherein the composition further comprises sweetener or sweetening agent.
[001260] 21. The composition of paragraph 20, wherein the sweetener comprises one or more of sucralose, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N—[N-[3- (3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001261] 22. The composition of paragraph 20, wherein the sweetening agent comprises one or more of sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), steviol glycosides, one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof. [001262] 23. The composition of any of paragraphs 20-22, wherein the sweetener or the sweetening agent is present from about 0.1 ppm to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the beverage or food composition.
[001263] 24. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-23, wherein the composition is a solid or liquid.
[001264] 25. The composition of any of paragraphs 24, wherein the composition is absorbed and/or encapsulated in a carrier.
[001265] 26. The composition of paragraph 25, wherein the carrier comprises a starch, a dextrin.
[001266] 27. The composition of paragraph 22, wherein the Maillard reaction product is absorbed and/or encapsulated in or on the stevia extract.
[001267] 28. A method for preparing the composition of any of paragraphs 1-19, wherein the method includes the steps of:
1) dissolving an amino donor and a sugar donor into a solvent to obtain a solution;
2) heating the solution to 10-200°C to obtain a slurry;
3) drying the slurry to obtain a powder Maillard reaction product.
[001268] 29. The method of paragraph 28, wherein the solvent comprises water or ethanol.
[001269] 30. The method of paragraph 28, wherein the method further includes the step of adding a pH adjuster after step 1).
[001270] 31. The method of paragraph 28, wherein the drying manner is a spray-drying process.
[001271] 32. A beverage or food product having improved mouth feel comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1-27 and a beverage or food material.
[001272] 33. The product of paragraph 1, wherein the composition is present from about 0.1 ppm to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the beverage or food product.
[001273] 34. The product of paragraph 32 or paragraph 33, wherein the beverage or food material is selected from tea, cocoa, juice, or coffee. [001274] 35. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27, which can be used as fat substitutes and in food and beverage industries.
[001275] 36. A composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27 further comprising one or more thickener, wherein the one or more thickeners is selected from xanthan gum, food starch, hydrocolloids, or combinations thereof.
[001276] 37. A method to reduce the amount of thickener to be used in a food, a beverage, a feed or a pharmaceutical product by adding the composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27 to the food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical product.
[001277] 38. A food or beverage comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27, a food or a beverage and one or more thickener.
[001278] 39. The food or beverage of to paragraph 38, wherein the amount of added composition is above lppm.
[001279] 40. A composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27, further comprising one or more flavor.
[001280] 41. A method to reduce the amount of a flavor to be used in a food, a beverage, a feed or a pharmaceutical product by adding any composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27.
[001281] 42. A food or beverage comprising a composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27 and a flavor.
[001282] 43. A food or beverage of paragraph 38, wherein the amount of added composition is above lppm.
[001283] 44. A composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27 further comprising one or more antioxidants, wherein the one or more antioxidant is selected from vitamins, vitamin cofactors, minerals, hormones, carotenoids, carotenoid terpenoids, non-carotenoid terpenoids, flavonoids, flavonoid polyphenolics (e.g., bioflavonoids), flavonols, flavones, phenols, polyphenols, esters of phenols, esters of polyphenols, nonflavonoid phenolics, isothiocyanates, or combinations thereof. [001284] 45. A method to reduce the amount of an antioxidant to be used in a food, a beverage, a feed, or a pharmaceutical product comprising the step of adding any composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27.
[001285] 46. A food orbeverage comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27, a food or beverage and an antioxidant.
[001286] 47. The food or beverage of paragraph 46, wherein the added amount of composition is above 1 ppm.
[001287] 48. A composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27 further comprising one or more salt, the one or more salts is selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof.
[001288] 49. A method to reduce the amount of salt to be used in a food, a beverage, a feed or a pharmaceutical product comprising the step of adding any composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27.
[001289] 50. A food or beverage comprising a composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27, a food or beverage and a salt.
[001290] 51. The food or beverage of paragraph 50, wherein the added amount of the composition is above 1 ppm.
[001291] 52. A composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27 further comprising one or more fat, wherein the one or more fat is selected from tallow, hydrogenated tallow, large, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, canola, cottonseed, sunflower, palm, coconut, corn, safflower, or palm kernel oils), cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, glycerol abietate, lecithin, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides acetylated monoglycerides, and free fatty acids.
[001292] 53. A method to reduce the amount of fat to be used in a food, a beverage, a feed or a pharmaceutical product, comprising the step of adding any composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27 to a food, a beverage, a fee or a pharmaceutical product.
[001293] 54. A food or beverage comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 27, a food or beverage and a fat. [001294] 55. The food or beverage of paragraph 54, wherein the added amount of the composition is above 1 ppm.
[001295] Use of Thaumatin as amine donor, NHDC, Advantame, maltol
[001296] 56. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the amine donor comprises asweetener enhancer.
[001297] 57. The composition of paragraph 56, wherein the sweetener enhancer is present in the composition in range of 0.1% to 99.5% on a weight to weight basis.
[001298] 58. A method to prepare a MRPs by using an amine donor comprising a sweetener enhancer.
[001299] 59. A food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical composition comprising an MRP, wherein the MRP is produced by amine donor comprising a sweetener enhancer.
[001300] 60. The food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical composition of paragraph 29, wherein the MRP concentration is above lppm.
[001301] 61. The composition of any of calims 56 through 59, wherein the sweetener enhancer is Thaumatin.
[001302] 62. The composition of paragraph 59, wherein the amount of Thaumatin in the product is in a range of from about 0.1 ppm to about 20 ppm.
[001303] 63. The composition of paragraph 1 or paragraph 56, wherein the composition further comprises one or more ingredients selected from Advantame, Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol, Neohesperidine, naringin, neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, and their salts, maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m-(n)-propylphenol.
[001304] 64. The composition of paragraph 63, whereinthe added amount of one or more ingredients selected from Advantame, Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol, Neohesperidine, naringin, neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, and their salts, maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m-(n)-propylphenol is in a range of from about 0.1 ppm to about 99.5%. [001305] 65. A method to produce a flavor or flavor enhancer by adding one or more sweetener enhancer, and one or more ingredients selected from Advantame, Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol, Neohesperidine, naringin, neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, and their salts, maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m-(n)-propylphenol into Maillard reaction products or a Maillard reaction.
[001306] 66. A food, a beverage, a feed or a pharmaceutical product comprising components preparable by any of paragraphs 63 through 65.
[001307] 67. The food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical product of paragraph 66, wherein the ingredients selected from Advantame, Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol, Neohesperidine, naringin, neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, and their salts, maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m-(n)-propylphenol in food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical product is in a range of from about 0.1 to about 10%.
[001308] 68. The composition of any of paragraphs 1, 56 and 63, further comprisinjg one or more sweetener.
[001309] Use of neohesperdine hydrochalcone in the composition and Maillard reaction.
[001310] 68. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more ingredients selected from Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol, Neohesperidine, naringin, neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, their salts and mixtures thereof.
[001311] 69. The composition of paragraph 68, wherein the amount of one or more of
Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol, Neohesperidine, naringin, neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, and their salts or mixtures thereof is in a range of from about 0.1 ppm to about 99.5%. [001312] 70. A method to produce a flavor or flavor enhancer by adding one or more of
Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol, Neohesperidine, naringin, neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, and their salts or mixturese thereof into Maillard reaction products or a Maillard reaction.
[001313] 71. A food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical product comprising components of any of paragraphs 68 through 70.
[001314] 72. The food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical product of paragraph 71, wherein the added amount of one or more ingredients selected from Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol, Neohesperidine, naringin, neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone, and their salts in food and beverage is in a range of from about 0.1 to about 500 ppm.
[001315] Use maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m-(n)- propylphenol
[001316] 71. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more ingredients selected from maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m- methylphenol, and m-(n)-propylphenol.
[001317] 72. The composition of paragraph 71, wherein the added amount of one or more ingredients selected from maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m-(n)-propylphenol is in a range of fro about 0.1 ppm to about 99.5%.
[001318] 73. A method to produce a flavor or flavor enhancer by adding one or more ingredients selected from maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m- (n)-propylphenol into Maillard reaction products or a Maillard reaction.
[001319] 74. A food, beverage, feed or pharmaceutical product comprising components from any of paragraphs 71 through 73.
[001320] 75. The composition of paragraph 71, whereinthe added amount of one or more ingredients selected from maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m-(n)-propylphenol in a food or beverage is in a range of from about lppm to about 10%. Additional Embodiments:
[001321] 1. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product, wherein the
Maillard reaction product is formed from the reaction of reactants comprising amine donor and sugar donor, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener or a sweetening agent.
[001322] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the sugar donor further comprises reducing sugar.
[001323] 3. The composition of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, wherein the sweetening agent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001324] 4. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the stevia extract comprises steviol glycoside components and/or non-steviol glycoside components.
[001325] 5. The composition of paragraph 4, wherein the steviol glycoside components are present at an amount of less than 99 wt %, less than 80 wt%, less than 60%, less than 30%, or equal to 0 wt% of the total weight of the stevia extract.
[001326] 6. The composition of paragraph 5, wherein the non-steviol glycoside components comprise one or more volatile components.
[001327] 7. The composition of paragraph 6, wherein the one or more volatile components are present at an amount of O.lppb to 10% by weight of the non-steviol glycoside components.
[001328] 8. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the stevia extract comprises one or more stevia extract components.
[001329] 9. The composition of paragraph 8, wherein the stevia extract component is one or more of rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[001330] 10. The composition of paragraph 9, wherein the stevia extract component comprises rebaudioside A with a content of 0.1%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%. [001331] 11. The composition of paragraph 8, wherein the stevia extract component comprises a salt form.
[001332] 12. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the swingle extract comprises one or more mogroside components and/or one or more non-mogroside components.
[001333] 13. The composition of paragraph 12, wherein the one or more mogroside components are present at an amount of less than 99 wt %, less than 80 wt%, less than 60%, less than 30%, or equal to 0 wt% of the total weight of the swingle extract.
[001334] 14. The composition of paragraph 12 or paragraph 13, wherein the one or more non-mogroside components comprise one or more volatile components.
[001335] 15. The composition of paragraph 14, wherein the one or more volatile components are present at an amount of O.lppb to 10% by weight of the non-mogroside components.
[001336] 16. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the mogroside extract component is one or more of mogroside V, mogroside IV, siamenoside I, 11-oxomogroside V or mixtures thereof.
[001337] 17. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the mogroside extract component comprises a salt form.
[001338] 18. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the glycosylated stevia extract comprises glycosylation compositions of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[001339] 19. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation compositions of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[001340] 20. The composition of paragraph 19, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises a salt form. [001341] 21. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the glycosylated swingle extract comprises a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I or a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside
V or mixtures thereof.
[001342] 22. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the glycosylated mogroside comprises a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I or a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside
V or mixtures thereof.
[001343] 23. The composition of paragraph 22, wherein the glycosylated mogroside is a salt form.
[001344] 24. The composition of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, wherein the sweetener is selected from one or more of the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001345] 25. The composition of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, wherein the sweetener is sucralose.
[001346] 26. The composition of paragraph 2, wherein the reducing sugar comprises compounds having a free carbonyl group.
[001347] 27. The composition of paragraph 2, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
[001348] 28. The composition of paragraph 27, wherein the monosaccharide comprises glucose, xylose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose, ribulose, xylulose or combinations thereof.
[001349] 29. The composition of paragraph 27, wherein the disaccharide comprises cellobiose, lactose, maltose or combinations thereof.
[001350] 30. The composition of paragraph 27, wherein the polysaccharide comprises starch.
[001351] 31. The composition of paragraph 2, wherein the reducing sugar is burnt sugar. [001352] 32. The composition of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, wherein the amine donor comprises a compound having a free amino group.
[001353] 33. The composition of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, wherein the amine donor comprises an amine comprising primary amine compounds and secondary amine compounds, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, yeast extracts or mixtures thereof.
[001354] 34. The composition of paragraph 33, wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or combinations thereof.
[001355] 35. The composition of paragraph 33, wherein the peptide comprises HVP or mixtures thereof.
[001356] 36. The composition of paragraph 33, wherein the protein is selected from one or more of soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten or mixtures thereof.
[001357] 37. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-36, the ratio of sugar donor and amine donor is from 1:99 to 99:1.
[001358] 38. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-37, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of an unreacted sweetening agent, an unreacted sweetener, an unreacted reducing sugar or an unreacted amine donor.
[001359] 39. The composition of paragraph 38, wherein the composition comprises 0-99 wt% of the Maillard reaction product on the basis of the weight of the composition.
[001360] 40. The composition of paragraph 38, wherein the unreacted amine donor is present at an amount of from 0-99% by weight of the composition.
[001361] 41. The composition of paragraph 38, wherein the unreacted sweetening agent is present at an amount of from 0-99% by weight of the composition.
[001362] 42. The composition of paragraph 38, wherein the unreacted sweetener is present at an amount of from 0-99% by weight of the composition.
[001363] 43. The composition of paragraph 38, wherein the unreacted reducing sugar is present at an amount of from 0-99% by weight of the composition. [001364] 44. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-43, wherein the reactants further comprise an alkaline pH adjuster.
[001365] 45. The composition of paragraph 44, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[001366] 46. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-45, wherein the composition is a solid or liquid.
[001367] 47. A method for preparing the composition of any of paragraphs 1-46, wherein the method includes the steps of:
1) dissolving an amino donor and a sugar donor into a solvent to obtain a solution;
2) heating the solution to 10-200°C to obtain a slurry;
3) drying the slurry to obtain a powder Maillard reaction products.
[001368] 48. The method of paragraph 47, wherein the solvent comprises water or ethanol.
[001369] 49. The method of paragraph 47 or paragraph 48, wherein the method further includes the step of adding a pH adjuster after step 1).
[001370] 50. The method of paragraph 49, wherein the pH adjuster comprises Na2C03 or citric acid.
[001371] 51. The method of paragraph 47, wherein the drying manner is a spray-drying process.
[001372] 52. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-46, wherein the composition is used as a flavor or as a sweetener.
[001373] 52a. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-46, wherein the composition is used as a fat substitute, salt substitute, antioxidant substitute or functions in a synergistic effect in foods and beverages.
[001374] 53. A flavor with citrus aroma comprising the composition of any of paragraphs
1-46, wherein the amine donor comprises histidine or glutamic acid; and
[001375] wherein the sugar donor is a stevia extract of any of paragraphs 4-7. In this specification, citrus aroma or flavor is similar to an orange or tangerine. [001376] 54. The flavor of paragraph 53, wherein the composition comprises one or more volatile components.
[001377] 55. The flavor of paragraph 54, wherein the volatile components comprise one or more of Pyridine; 1,6-Octadiene, 2,6-dimethyl-, (Z)-; 3-Methyl-4-cyclohexene-l,2-dicarboxylic anhydride; 1,4-Pentadiene, 3-propyl-; Nonanal; cis-Linaloloxide; Linalool oxide trans; 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-; Pentadecane; Hexadecane; Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, l,7,7-trimethyl-;3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-yl)-, (E)-; 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l- yl)-; l,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-; Naphthalene, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,l,6-trimethyl-;4-(4- Chlorophenyl)-2,6-diphenylpyridine; l,5,7-Octatrien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-;8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct- 2-ene, 8-methyl-;3-Cyclohexene-l-acetaldehyde, alpha, 4-dimethyl-; Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2- (1-methylethyl)-, (1a,2b,5a)-(+/-)-; Isoborneol; 3-Cyclohexene-l-acetaldehyde, a,4-dimethyl-;3- Cyclohexene-l-methanol, a,a4-trimethyl-; Borneol; 2H-l-Benzopyran-2-one, 7-hydroxy-6- methoxy-4-methyl-;2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-[4,4-bis(methylthio)-l,2,3-butatrienyl]-;
Methanethioamide, N,N-dimethyl-;l,3-Cycloheptadiene; Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester; 2- Cyclohexen-l-one, 2-methyl-5-(l-methylethenyl)-, (S)-; Naphthalene; Oxime-, methoxy-phenyl-; Acetic acid, cyano-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester; 3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-formylamino- propionic acid, ethyl ester; Naphthalene, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,5-dimethyl-;[l,2,4]Triazolo[l,5- a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid, 4,7-dihydro-7-imino-, ethyl ester; 1,2,3-Propatriol, l-indol-4- yl(ether); lH-lnden-5-ol, 2,3-dihydro-;2-Buten-l-one, l-(2,6,6-trimethyl-l,3-cyclohexadien-l- yl)-, (E)-; 2,6-Octadien-l-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-; Pentanoic acid, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3- carboxyisopropyl, isobutyl ester; Naphthalene, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,5-dimethyl-;2,6-Bis(l,l- dimethylethyl)-4-(l-oxopropyl)phenol; l-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)propan-2-one; 1-
Oxaspiro[2.5]octane, 4,4-dimethyl-8-methylene-;4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-l,3-dienyl)but-3- en-2-one; 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-;2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester; beta.- Vatirenene; 2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-a,a,5-trimethyl-5-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-l-yl)-, [2S- [2a,5 (R*)]]-;2H-Pyran-3-ol, tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-l-yl)-, [3S- [3a,6a(R*)]]-; Bergamotol, Z-a-trans-; trans-Z-a-Bisabolene epoxide; Nonanoic acid; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; Benzoic acid, 2-amino-, methyl ester; Dimethyl phthalate; Phenol, 2,4-bis(l,l-dimethylethyl)-; Hexagol; Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3, 7-dimethyl-, (Z)-; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl methyl ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester; Phenanthrene.
[001378] 55a. The flavor of paragraph 55, wherein the volatile components are present in the flavor in an amount of from 109 ppb to 10 wt % based on the weight of the flavor.
[001379] 56. A flavor with flora aroma comprising the composition of any of paragraphs
1-46, wherein the amine donor comprises phenylalanine; and
[001380] wherein the sugar donor comprises xylose or a stevia extract or the combination thereof.
[001381] 57. The flavor of paragraph 41, wherein the composition comprises one or more volatile components.
[001382] 58. The flavor of paragraph 57, wherein the volatile components comprise one or more of Nonanal; Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 1,7,7-trimethyl-; Benzaldehyde; l,6-Octadien-3- ol, 3,7-dimethyl-; l,5,7-Octatrien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-; Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(l-methylethyl)- , (1a,2b,5a)-(+/-)-; Benzeneacetaldehyde; Tridecanal; Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester; Naphthalene; 2-Dodecanol, 2-methyl-; Furan, 3-phenyl-; Naphthalene, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,5- dimethyl-; 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-l,3-dienyl)but-3-en-2-one; 2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester; Phenol, 2,4-bis(l,l-dimethylethyl)-; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2- methylpropyl) ester.
[001383] 59. A flavor with corn aroma comprising the composition of any of paragraphs
1-46, wherein the amine donor is proline; and
[001384] wherein the sugar donor comprises galactose or a stevia extract or the combination thereof.
[001385] 59a. The flavor of paragraph 59, wherein the volatile components are present in the flavor in an amount of from 109 ppb to 10 wt % based on the weight of the flavor.
[001386] 60. The flavor of paragraph 59, wherein the composition comprises one or more volatile components.
[001387] 61. The flavor of paragraph 60, wherein the volatile components comprise one or more of Nonanal; Naphthalene; 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-l,3-dienyl)but-3-en-2-one; 2- Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester; Phenol, 2,4-bis(l,l-dimethylethyl)-; 1,2- Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2- methylpropyl ester.
[001388] 61a. The flavor of paragraph 61, wherein the volatile components are present in the flavor in an amount of from 109 ppb to 10 wt % based on the weight of the flavor.
[001389] 62. A flavor with chocolate aroma comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1-46, wherein the amine donor is valine; and
[001390] wherein the sugar donor comprises rhamnose or a stevia extract or the combination thereof.
[001391] 63. The flavor of paragraph 62, wherein the composition comprises one or more volatile components.
[001392] 64. The flavor of paragraph 63, wherein the volatile components comprise one or more of Propanal, 2-methyl-; Furan, 2-methyl-; 1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene; 3-Hexanone, 2,5- dimethyl-; 4-Heptanone, 2,6-dimethyl-; 1-Octadecanol, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether; 2,5- Dimethylanisole; Nonanal; 1-Butanamine, N-butyl-N-2-propenyl-; Cyclohexane; Carane, 4,5- epoxy-, trans; Furfural; 4(lH)-Pyrimidinone, 6-methyl-; Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 1,7,7- trimethyl-; 5-lsoxazolecarboxylic acid, 4, 5-dihydro-3, 5-dimethyl-, methyl ester, (S)-; 1,6- Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-; 2-Coumaranone; 4-Octanone, 5-hydroxy-2, 7-dimethyl-; Furan, 2,2'-methylenebis-; Cyclobutyl methylphosphonofluoridoate; 2-Furanmethanol; 2- Methoxyformanilide; 3-Cyclohexene-l-methanol, a, a, 4-trimethyl-, (S)-; Naphthalene; 1H- Pyrrole, l-(2-furanylmethyl)-; a-Cubebene; 2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-l-one, 2-hydroxy-4-(l- methylethyl)-; Furan, 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyl)bis-, (E)-; 2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester; 4'-Ethoxybenzenesulfonanilide; IH-Pyrrole, l-(2-furanylmethyl)-; Phenol, 2,4-bis(l,l- dimethylethyl)-; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester.
[001393] 64a. The flavor of paragraph 64, wherein the volatile components are present in the flavor in an amount of from 109 ppb to 10 wt % based on the weight of the flavor.
[001394] 65. A food or beverage product comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1-46 or the flavor of any of paragraphs 53-64a, and a food or a beverage material. [001395] 66. The food or beverage product of paragraph 65, wherein the composition or flavor is present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the product.
[001396] 67. The product of paragraph 65 or paragraph 66, wherein the beverage or food material is selected from one of tea, cocoa, juice, coffee.
[001397] 68. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1-46 or the flavor of any of paragraphs 53-64a, and food or beverage material.
[001398] 69. The pharmaceutical composition of paragraph 68, wherein the composition or flavor is present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the product.
Additional Embodiments:
[001399] 1. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product and a thaumatin.
[001400] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the Maillard reaction product is formed from the reaction of reactants comprising amine donor and sugar donor.
[001401] 3. The composition according to paragraph 1 or 2, wherein, the Maillard reaction product is direct resultant of Maillard reaction without separation of purification.
[001402] 4. The composition according to any one of paragraphs 1-3, wherein, the
Maillard reaction consists of volatile substances and non-volatile substances.
[001403] 5. The composition according to paragraph 1 or 2, wherein, the Maillard reaction product is partially isolated products, either partially volatile substance or partially non-volatile substances are removed from the direct resultant of Maillard reaction
[001404] 6. The composition according to paragraph 1 or 2, wherein, the Maillard reaction products are pure volatile substances.
[001405] 7. The composition according to paragraph 1 or 2, wherein, the Maillard reaction products are pure non-volatile substances.
[001406] 8. The composition according to any one of paragraphs 1-5 or 7, wherein, the
Maillard reaction product is a water soluble compound.
[001407] 9. The composition according to any one of paragraphs 2-8, wherein the sugar donor comprises a reducing sugar, sweetener and/or sweetening agent. [001408] 10. The composition of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001409] 11. The composition of paragraph 10, wherein the stevia extract comprises one or more steviol glycoside components.
[001410] 12. The composition of paragraph 11, wherein, the stevia extract further comprises non-stevia glycoside components.
[001411] 13. The composition according to paragraph 12, wherein, the non-stevia glycosides components are volatile substances characterized by citrus flavor.
[001412] 14. The composition according to paragraph 12, wherein, the non-volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside components comprises one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent-kaurene structure.
[001413] 15. The composition according to paragraph 12, wherein, the non-stevia glycoside components consist of volatile and non-volatile substances.
[001414] 16. The composition of any one of paragraphs 9-15, wherein the steviol glycoside components are present at an amount of less than 99 wt %, less than 80 wt%, less than 60%, less than 30%, or equal to 0 wt% of the total weight of the stevia extract.
[001415] 17. The composition of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener is selected from one or more of the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1- methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001416] 18. The composition of paragraph 2, wherein the amine donor comprises compounds having a free amino group.
[001417] 19. The composition of paragraph 18, wherein the amine donor comprises an amine comprising primary amine compounds and secondary amine compounds, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, yeast extracts or mixtures thereof. [001418] 20. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the thaumatin comprises thaumatin I, II, III, a, b, c and/or combinations thereof.
[001419] 21. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-20, wherein the ratio of the thaumatin to the Maillard reaction product is from 1: 100 to 100:1 by weight.
[001420] 22. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the composition comprises a further sweetening agent and/or sweetener.
[001421] 23. A food or beverage product comprising the composition of any of paragraphs 1-22 and a food or a beverage material.
[001422] 24. The food or beverage product of paragraph 23, wherein the thaumatin is present from about 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm by weight of the total weight of the product.
[001423] 25. The food or beverage product according to paragraph 23, wherein the composition in the beverage is less than 10%, 1%, 5,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm.
[001424] 26. The food or beverage product according to any one of paragraphs 1-22, wherein, the composition is used for sugar reduction, salt reduction, or fat reduction.
[001425] 27. The food or beverage product according to any one of paragraphs 1-22, wherein, the composition is used to enhance the mouth feel, flavor or overall-likeability of a food or beverage.
[001426] 28. The food or beverage product of paragraph 23 or 24, wherein the beverage or food material is selected from a carbonated drink, coffee, chocolate milk, tea, juice, or flavored waters, etc..
[001427] 29. The product of paragraph 23 or 24, wherein the beverage or food material is selected from one of tea, cocoa, juice, coffee; fruit or vegetable juice; or fruit or vegetable nectar; water-based flavored drink; herbal infusion; hot cereal beverage; non-alcoholic beverage; alcoholic beverage; beer or malt beverage; cider and perry; wine; fruit wine; or a spirituous beverage.
[001428] Additional set of embodiments
[001429] 1. A consumable comprising MRPs. [001430] 2. The consumable according to paragraph 1, wherein the MRPs is one or more
MRPs substances or chemically identical MRPs substances.
[001431] 3. A consumable comprising sweetening agent-derived MRPs.
[001432] 4. The consumable according to paragraph 3, wherein the sweetening agent is selected from one or more of stevia, monk fruit, or sweet tea extract.
[001433] 5. The consumable according to any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the consumable is one of beverage selected from tea, flavored water, energy drink, juice concentrate, carbonate drink, coffee drink, chocolate drink; fruit or vegetable juice; or fruit or vegetable nectar; water-based flavored drink; herbal infusion; hot cereal beverage; non alcoholic beverage; alcoholic beverage; beer or malt beverage; cider and perry; wine; fruit wine; or a spirituous beverage.
[001434] 6. The consumable according to any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the consumable is one of a food selected from a dairy product, fat emulsion, fruit or vegetable, juice, tea, coffee, fruit or vegetable nectar, water-based flavored drink, herbal infusion, hot cereal beverage, non-alcoholic beverage, alcoholic beverage, beer or malt beverage, cider and perry, wine, fruit wine, spirituous beverages, dessert, cream, milk or cream powder, cheese, whey product, edible ice, a fruit product, a vegetable product, nut or seed product, jam, jelly, spread, fruit topping, fruit filling, candy, cocoa product, sugar-based confectionery, chewing gum, decoration product, sauce, grain product, flour or starch, breakfast cereal product, rolled oats product, pastas or noodle, cereal, bread, cracker, cake, cookie, pie, bakery ware, doughnut, sweet roll, scone, muffin, meat product, fish product, egg product , salt, seasoning, vinegar, mustard product, spice product, soup, sauce, salad, yeast product, protein product, foodstuff, ready-to-eat savory, or a composite food.
[001435] 7. The consumable according to paragraph 5, wherein the beverage has sugar or is without added sugar.
[001436] 8. The consumable according to paragraph 5, wherein the beverage has reduced sugar content or is sugar free. [001437] 9. The consumable according to paragraph 7, wherein the sugar is one or more sugar selected from lactose, maltose, glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, or any combination thereof.
[001438] 10. The consumable according to paragraph 8, wherein the sugar reduced consumable comprises one or more stevia extract, monk fruit extract and sweet tea extract, and artificial high intensive sweetener such as sucralose, ACE-K and aspartame.
[001439] 11. The consumable according to any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the consumable is one of salted, salt reduced or free salt product.
[001440] 12. The consumable according to any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the consumable is one of a fatty, fat reduction or free fat product.
[001441] 13. The consumable according to any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the content of MRP or sweetener-derived MRPs in the food or beverage is from 109 ppm to 99.9%.
[001442] Additional embodiments
[001443] 1. A composition comprising MRPs and a flavor.
[001444] 2. The composition according to paragraph 1, wherein the flavor is one or more selected from vanilla, mint, chocolate, mango extract, cinnamon, citrus, coconut, ginger, viridiflorol, almond, bay, thyme, cedar leaf, nutmeg, allspice, sage, mace, menthol (including menthol without mint), or an essential oil.
[001445] 3. A composition comprises MRPs and sweeteners.
[001446] 4. A composition comprises MRPs and texturing agent.
[001447] 5. A composition comprising MRPs and antioxidant.
[001448] 6. A composition comprising MRPs and small bubble reducing agent.
[001449] 7. A composition comprising MRPs and one or more food ingredients selected from a sweetener, a texture, a flavor, an acid or antioxidants.
[001450] 8. The composition according to paragraph 7, wherein the composition further comprises flavor, sweetener, texture or MRPs (or a sweetening agent derived from MRPs).
[001451] 9. A food or beverage comprising the compositions of any one of paragraphs 1-8. [001452] 10. All above paragraphs should be applicable to compositions comprising combinations of thaumatin and MRPs, combinations of sweetening agent(s) and MRPs, or combination of thaumatin, sweetening agent, and MRPs.
[001453] 11. The composition according to 109 any one of paragraphs 1-10, wherein the individual components in the composition are from ppb to 99.9% in the composition. The ratio of different component; in composition could be varied as per previous paragraphs the composition.
[001454] Additional set of embodiments
[001455] 1. A composition comprising a sweetening agent and an MRP.
[001456] 2. The composition according to paragraph 1, wherein the MRPs is a water soluble substance and the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[001457] 3. The composition according to any one of paragraphs 1-2, the MRPs are non volatile substances or partially isolated non-volatile substances from MRPs.
[001458] 4. The composition according to any one of paragraphs 1-2, wherein the MRPs are volatile substances or partially isolated volatile substances.
[001459] 5. The composition according to paragraph 2, wherein the stevia extract comprises non-stevia glycoside flavor derived from leaves.
[001460] Additional set of paragraphs:
[001461] 1. A composition comprising MRPs.
[001462] 2. The composition according to paragraph 1, wherein the MRPs are water soluble substances.
[001463] 3. The composition according to paragraph 1, wherein the MRPs comprises minimized aroma.
[001464] 4. The composition according to any one of paragraphs 1-3, the MRPs are used for mouth feel enhancers.
[001465] 5 .The composition according to any one of paragraphs 1-4, the MRPs are less colored.
[001466] When using an amine donor and a sugar donor to effect a Maillard reaction, normally it is very difficult to control the stages of the reaction. Either the speed of reaction is controlled but maximum or satisfying flavor is not obtained, or the reaction creates an unpleasant taste with insoluble substances. The sweetening agent is an excellent reaction retardant which can help to control the reaction to reach maximum yield of flavor obtained from amine donor and sugar donor, reduce or avoid resulting insoluble substances. It should be understood that any other inert or non-reacted substances could be added during the Maillard reaction in order to control the reaction. It should be also understood that herbs, spice and other flavor substances etc. could be added before, during or after the reaction, preferably during the reaction in order to optimize the overall flavor profile.
[001467] One embodiment comprises MRPs and inert or less reactive food ingredients, wherein, the inert or less reactive food ingredients are used for controlling the Maillard reaction.
[001468] Additional embodiments
[001469] 1. A composition comprising one or more Maillard reaction products (MRPs) formed from one or more sugar donors and one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group,
[001470] wherein the one or more sugar donors comprise one or more sweetening agents, one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group, or both, and
[001471] wherein the one or more sweetening agents are added to the MRPs when the one or more sugar donors in the Maillard reaction do not include the one or more sweetening agents.
[001472] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the sugar donor comprises one or more sweetening agents.
[001473] 3. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the sugar donor comprises one or more sweetening agents and one or more reducing sugars.
[001474] 4. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the sugar donor comprises one or more sugar donors in the Maillard reaction do not include the one or more sweeteners.
[001475] 5. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more steviol glycosides (SGs), one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs), one or more mogrosides (MGs), one or more glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs), one or more sweet tea glycosides (STGs), one or more glycosylsated sweet tea glycosides (GSTGs), or combinations thereof.
[001476] 6. The composition of paragraph 5, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more steviol glycosides (SGs).
[001477] 7. The composition of paragraph 6, wherein the one or more SGs are selected from Table 2.
[001478] 8. The composition of paragraph 6, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG selected from the group consisting of SvGn#l, SG-4, iso-steviolbioside, SvGn#3, rebaudioside Rl, stevioside F, SG-Unkl, dulcoside B, SG-3, iso-rebaudioside B, iso-stevioside, rebaudioside KA, SG-13, stevioside B, rebaudioside R, SG-Unk2, SG-Unk3, rebaudioside F3, rebaudioside F2, rebaudioside C2, stevioside E, stevioside E2, SG-10, rebaudioside LI, SG-2, rebaudioside A3, iso-rebaudioside A2, rebaudioside A2, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside HI, SvGn#2, SvGN#5, rebaudioside U2, rebaudioside T, rebaudioside W, rebaudioside W2, rebaudioside W3, rebaudioside U, SG-12, rebaudioside K2, SG-Unk4, SG-Unk5, rebaudioside 13, SG-Unk6, rebaudioside Q, rebaudioside Q2, rebaudioside Q3, rebaudioside 12, rebaudioside Tl, SvGn#4, rebaudioside V, rebaudioside V2, rebaudioside Y, 15a-OH- rebaudioside M, rebaudioside 02, or combinations thereof.
[001479] 9. The composition of paragraph 6, wherein the one or more SGs are selected from SG-1G, SG-2G, SG-3G, SG-4G, SG-5G, SG-6G, SG-1G1R, SG-2G1R, SG-3G1R, SG-4G1R, SG- 5G1R, SG-6G1R, SG-1G1X, SG-2G1X, SG-3G1X, SG-4G1X, SG-5G1X, or combinations thereof.
[001480] 10. The composition of any one of paragraphs 6-9, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 965 daltons.
[001481] 11. The composition of paragraph 10, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 804 daltons.
[001482] 12. The composition of any one of paragraphs 6-9, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight greater than 804 daltons.
[001483] 13. The composition of paragraph 12, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight greater than 965 daltons. [001484] 14. The composition of paragraph 13, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1127 daltons.
[001485] 15. The composition of paragraph 14, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1259 daltons.
[001486] 16. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs).
[001487] 17. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the one or more GSGs are further glycosylation products from one or more SGs in Table 2.
[001488] 18. The composition of paragraph 16 or paragraph 17, wherein the one or more
GSGs are further glycosylation products from one or more SGs selected from the group consisting of: SvGn#l, SG-4, iso-steviolbioside, SvGn#3, rebaudioside Rl, stevioside F, SG-Unkl, dulcoside B, SG-3, iso-rebaudioside B, iso-stevioside, rebaudioside KA, SG-13, stevioside B, rebaudioside R, SG-Unk2, SG-Unk3, rebaudioside F3, rebaudioside F2, rebaudioside C2, stevioside E, stevioside E2, SG-10, rebaudioside LI, SG-2, rebaudioside A3, iso-rebaudioside A2, rebaudioside A2, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside HI, SvGn#2, SvGN#5, rebaudioside U2, rebaudioside T, rebaudioside W, rebaudioside W2, rebaudioside W3, rebaudioside U, SG-12, rebaudioside K2, SG-Unk4, SG-Unk5, rebaudioside 13, SG-Unk6, rebaudioside Q, rebaudioside Q2, rebaudioside Q3, rebaudioside 12, rebaudioside Tl, SvGn#4, rebaudioside V, rebaudioside V2, rebaudioside Y, 15a-OH- rebaudioside M, rebaudioside 02, or any combination thereof.
[001489] 19. The composition of any one of paragraphs 16-18, wherein the one or more
GSGs comprise at least one GSG selected from the group consisting of: GSG-1G-1, GSG-1G-2, GSG-1G-3, GSG-1G-4, GSG-1G-5, GSG-2G-1, GSG-2G-2, GSG-2G-3, GSG-2G-4, GSG-3G-1, GSG- 3G-2, GSG-3G-3, GSG-4G-1, GSG-4G-2, GSG-5G-1, or any combination thereof.
[001490] 20. The composition of any one of paragraphs 16-18, wherein the one or more
GSGs comprise at least one GSG selected from the group consisting of: GSG-3G-2, GSG-3G-3, GSG-3G-4, GSG-3G-7, GSG-3G-8, GSG-4G-1, GSG-4G-2, GSG-4G-3, GSG-4G-7, GSG-5G-1, GSG- 5G-2, GSG-5G-3, GSG-5G-4, GSG-5G-5, GSG-6G-3, or combinations thereof. [001491] 21. The composition of any one of paragraphs 16-18, wherein the one or more
GSGs comprise one or more rhamnose moieties, one or more deoxyhexose moieties, or combination thereof.
[001492] 22. The composition of paragraph 21, wherein the one or more GSGs are selected from the group consisting of: GSG-1G1R-1, GSG-1G1R-2, GSG-2G1R-1, GSG-1G1R-3, GSG-2G1R-2, GSG-3G1R-1, GSG-1G1R-4, GSG-2G1R-3, GSG-3G1R-2, GSG-4G-1R-1, GSG-1G1R-5- 1, GSG-2G1R-4, GSG-3GlR-3a, GSG-3GlR-3b, GSG-4G1R-2, GSG-5G1R-1, or combinations thereof.
[001493] 23. The composition of paragraph 21, wherein the one or more GSGs are selected from the group consisting of: GSG-3GlR-3a, GSG-3GlR-3b, GSG-4G1R-2, GSG-4G1R-3, GSG-4G1R-4, GSG-4G1R-6, GSG-5G1R-4, GSG-6G1R-Ia, GSG-6G1R-Ib, GSG-6G1R-2, or combinations thereof.
[001494] 24. The composition of any one of paragraph 16-18, wherein the one or more
GSGs comprise one or more xylose moieties, arabinose moieties, or combination thereof.
[001495] 25. The composition of paragraph 24, wherein the one or more GSGs are selected from the group consisting of: GSG-1G1X-1, GSG-1G1X-2, GSG-1G1X-3, GSG-1G1X-4, GSG-2G1X-1, GSG-2G1X-2, GSG-2G1X-3, GSG-3G1X-1, GSG-3G1X-2, GSG-4G1X-1, or combinations thereof.
[001496] 26. The composition of paragraph 24, wherein the one or more GSGs are selected from the group consisting of: GSG-3G1X-4, GSG-3G1X-5, GSG-4G1X-1, GSG-4G1X-2, GSG-4G1X-3, GSG-4G1X-4, or combinations thereof.
[001497] 27. The composition of any one of paragraphs 16-26, wherein at least one of the one or more GSGs has a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 1128 daltons.
[001498] 28. The composition of paragraph 27, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 966 daltons.
[001499] 29. The composition of paragraph 28, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 804 daltons.
[001500] 30. The composition of any one of paragraph 16-26, wherein at least one of the one or more GSGs has a molecular weight greater than 1128 daltons. [001501] 31. The composition of paragraph 30, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1260 daltons.
[001502] 32. The composition of paragraph 31, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1422 daltons.
[001503] 33. The composition of paragraph 32, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1746 daltons.
[001504] 34. The composition of paragraph 33, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1922 daltons.
[001505] 35. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more mogrosides (MGs).
[001506] 36. The composition of paragraph 35, wherein the one or more MGs are selected from the group consisting of a mogroside II, a mogroside III, a mogroside IV, a mogroside V, siamenoside 1, 11-oxomogroside V, and any mixture thereof.
[001507] 37. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs).
[001508] 38. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the one or more GMGs are selected from the group consisting of a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I, a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside V, and any mixture thereof.
[001509] 39. The composition of paragraph 38, comprising a glycosylated mogroside V, wherein the mogroside V is selected from the group consisting of GMG-V20L, GMG-V20S, GMG- V40, GMG-V60, or any combination thereof.
[001510] 40. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more sweet tea glycosides (STGs).
[001511] 41. The composition of paragraph 40, wherein the one or more STGs comprise rubusoside, a suavioside or a combination thereof.
[001512] 42. The composition of paragraph 41, wherein the one or more STGs comprise rubusoside. [001513] 43. The composition of paragraph 41, wherein the one or more STGs comprise a suavioside, wherein the suavioside is selected from the group consisting of suavioside A, suavioside B, suavioside Ci, suavioside Di, suavioside D2, suavioside E, suavioside F, suavioside G, suavioside H, suavioside I, suavioside J, or any combination thereof.
[001514] 44. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides (GSTGs).
[001515] 45. The composition of paragraph 44, wherein the one or more GSTGs comprise a glycosylated rubusoside, a glycosylated suavioside or a combination thereof.
[001516] 46. The composition of paragraph 45, wherein the one or more GSTGs comprise a glycosylated rubusoside.
[001517] 47. The composition of paragraph 45, wherein the one or more GSTGs comprise a glycosylated suavioside, wherein the glycosylated suavioside is selected from the group consisting of glycosylated suavioside A, glycosylated suavioside B, glycosylated suavioside Ci, glycosylated suavioside Di, glycosylated suavioside D2, glycosylated suavioside E, glycosylated suavioside F, glycosylated suavioside G, glycosylated suavioside H, glycosylated suavioside I, glycosylated suavioside J, or any combination thereof.
[001518] 48. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-47, wherein the one or more sweetening agents are in the form of a salt.
[001519] 49. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-4, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a stevia extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a sweet tea extract, glycosylated sweet tea extract, or a mixture thereof.
[001520] 50. The composition of paragraph 49, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a stevia extract.
[001521] 51. The composition of paragraph 50, wherein the stevia extract is selected from the group consisting of: RA20, RA40, RA50, RA60, RA80, RA 90, RA95, RA97, RA98, RA99, RA99.5, RB8, RB10, RB15, RC15, RD6, or any combination thereof
[001522] 52. The composition of paragraph 49, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a glycosylated stevia extract. [001523] 53. The composition of paragraph 52, wherein the stevia extract is selected from the group consisting of: glycosylated RA20, glycosylated RA40, glycosylated RA50, glycosylated RA60, glycosylated RA80, glycosylated RA 90, glycosylated RA95, glycosylated RA97, glycosylated RA98, glycosylated RA99, glycosylated RA99.5, glycosylated RB8, glycosylated RB10, glycosylated RB15, glycosylated RC15, glycosylated RD6, or any combination thereof.
[001524] 54. The composition of paragraph 49, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a swingle extract.
[001525] 55. The composition of paragraph 49, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a glycosylated swingle extract.
[001526] 56. The composition of paragraph 49, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a sweet tea extract.
[001527] 57. The composition of paragraph 49, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a glycosylated sweet tea extract.
[001528] 58. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-57, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group are selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide, or any combination thereof.
[001529] 59. The composition of paragraph 58, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide.
[001530] 60. The composition of paragraph 59, wherein the monosaccharide is selected from the group consisting of glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, glyceraldehyde, ribose, xylose, or any combination thereof.
[001531] 61. The composition of paragraph 58, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a disaccharide.
[001532] 62. The composition of paragraph 61, wherein the disaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cellobiose, lactose, maltose, or any combination thereof.
[001533] 63. The composition of paragraph 58, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a polysaccharide.
[001534] 64. The composition of paragraph 63, wherein the polysaccharide is starch. [001535] 65. The composition of paragraph 58, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise one or more pentoses, one or more hexoses, or a combination thereof.
[001536] 66. The composition of paragraph 65, comprising one or more pentoses, wherein the one or more pentoses comprise one or more aldopentoses, one or more ketopentoses, one or more deoxypentoses, or any combination thereof.
[001537] 67. The composition of paragraph 66, comprising one or more aldopentoses, wherein the one or more aldopentoses comprise an arabinose, a xylose, a ribose, a lyxose, or any combination thereof.
[001538] 68. The composition of paragraph 66, comprising one or more ketopentoses, wherein the one or more ketopentoses comprise a ribulose, a xylulose, or any combination thereof.
[001539] 69. The composition of paragraph 58, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise one or more glycosides, wherein each of the glycosides comprises a glycone and an aglycone.
[001540] 70. The composition of paragraph 69, wherein at least one glycoside comprises a glycone selected from the group consisting of rhamnose,
[001541] 71. The composition of paragraph 58, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are in the form of a plant juice, a plant powder, a vegetable juice, a vegetable powder, a berry juice, a berry powder a fruit juice, a berry powder or any mixture thereof.
[001542] 72. The composition of paragraph 58, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a burnt sugar.
[001543] 73. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-72, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a peptide, a protein, or a mixture thereof.
[001544] 74. The composition of paragraph 73, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a primary amine compound or a secondary amine compound.
[001545] 75. The composition of paragraph 73, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise one or more amino acids. [001546] 76. The composition of paragraph 75, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and any mixture thereof.
[001547] 77. The composition of paragraph 73, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a peptide or protein.
[001548] 78. The composition of paragraph 77, wherein the peptide or protein is selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed vegetable proteins (HVPs), soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten, yeast extract, and any mixture thereof.
[001549] 79. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-78, further comprising one or more sweetener enhancers.
[001550] 80. The composition of paragraph 79, wherein the one or more sweetener enhancers comprise thaumatin, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, or any mixture thereof
[001551] 81. The composition of paragraph 80, wherein at least one of the sweetener enhancers is thaumatin.
[001552] 82. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-81, further comprising one or more sweeteners.
[001553] 83. The composition of paragraph 82, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sucralose, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, and any mixtures thereof.
[001554] 84. The composition of paragraph 83, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise sucralose.
[001555] 84. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-84, further comprising one or more salts.
[001556] 85. The composition of paragraph 84, wherein the one or more salts are selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and any mixture thereof.
[001557] 86. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-85, further comprising an alkaline pH adjuster.
[001558] 87. The composition of paragraph 86, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[001559] 88. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-87, further comprising one or more flavoring agents.
[001560] 89. The composition of paragraph 88, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise flavors or spices originating from plants or animals.
[001561] 90. The composition of paragraph 89, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise flavors or spices from bark, flowers, fruits, or leaves.
[001562] 91. The composition of any one of paragraphs 88-90, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise artificial, natural or synthetic fruit flavors.
[001563] 92. The composition of any one of paragraphs 88-90, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise at least one citrus oil.
[001564] 93. The composition of paragraph 92, wherein the at least one citrus oil is selected from the group consisting of lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, yuzu, sudachi, or any combination thereof.
[001565] 94. The composition of any one of paragraphs 88-90, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise at least one fruit essence.
[001566] 95. The composition of paragraph 94, wherein the at least one fruit essence is from apple, pear, peach, grape, raspberry, blackberry, gooseberry, blueberry, strawberry, cherry, plum, prune, raisin, cola, guarana, neroli, pineapple, apricot, banana, melon, apricot, cherry, tropical fruit, mango, mangosteen, pomegranate, papaya, or any combination thereof.
[001567] 96. The composition of paragraph 88, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise at least one flavor from milk, butter, cheese, cream, yogurt, vanilla, tea, coffee, green tea, oolong tea, cocoa, chocolate, a mint, peppermint, spearmint, Japanese mint, a spice, asafetida, ajowan, anise, angelica, fennel, allspice, cinnamon, chamomile, mustard, cardamom, caraway, cumin, a clove, a pepper, coriander, sassafras, a savory, Zanthoxyli fructus, a perilla, a juniper berry, ginger, star anise, horseradish, thyme, tarragon, dill, capsicum, nutmeg, basil, marjoram, rosemary, bayleaf, wasabi, a nut, almond, hazelnut, macadamia nut, peanut, pecan, pistachio, and walnut, an alcoholic beverage, a wine, a whisky, a brandy, a rum, a gin, a liqueur, a floral, a vegetable, an onion, a garlic, a cabbage, a carrot, a celery, a mushroom, a tomato, concentrated meat soup, concentrated seafood soup, or any combination thereof.
[001568] 97. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-96, further comprising one or more reducing sugars.
[001569] 98. The composition of paragraph 97, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of galactose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, D- allose, D-psicose, xylitol, allulose, melezitose, D-tagatose, D-altrose, D-alditol, L-gulose, L- sorbose, D-talitol, inulin, stachyose, or any combination thereof.
[001570] 99. The composition of paragraph 97, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide, or any combination thereof.
[001571] 100. The composition of paragraph 99, wherein the reducing sugar is a monosaccharide.
[001572] 101. The composition of paragraph 100, wherein the monosaccharide is selected from the group consisting of glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, glyceraldehyde, ribose, xylose, or any combination thereof.
[001573] 102. The composition of paragraph 99, wherein the reducing sugar is a disaccharide.
[001574] 103. The composition of paragraph 102, wherein the disaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cellobiose, lactose, maltose, or any combination thereof.
[001575] 104. The composition of paragraph 99, wherein the reducing sugar is a polysaccharide.
[001576] 105. The composition of paragraph 104, wherein the polysaccharide is starch.
[001577] 106. The composition of paragraph 97, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise at least one burnt sugar. [001578] 107. The composition of paragraph 97, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise one or more pentoses, one or more hexoses, or a combination thereof.
[001579] 108. The composition of paragraph 107, comprising one or more pentoses, wherein the one or more pentoses comprise one or more aldopentoses, one or more ketopentoses, one or more deoxypentoses, or any combination thereof.
[001580] 109. The composition of paragraph 107, comprising one or more aldopentoses, wherein the one or more aldopentoses comprise an arabinose, a xylose, a ribose, a lyxose, or any combination thereof.
[001581] 110. The composition of paragraph 107, comprising one or more ketopentoses, wherein the one or more ketopentoses comprise a ribulose, a xylulose, or any combination thereof.
[001582] 112. The composition of paragraph 107, comprising one or more deoxypentoses.
[001583] 113. The composition of paragraph 97, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise one or more glycosides, wherein each of the glycosides comprises a glycone and an aglycone.
[001584] 114. The composition of paragraph 113, wherein at least one glycoside comprises a glycone selected from the group consisting of rhamnose,
[001585] 115. The composition of paragraph 97, wherein the one or reducing sugars are in the form of a plant juice, a plant powder, a vegetable juice, a vegetable powder, a berry juice, a berry powder, a fruit juice, a fruit powder, a billberrry juice, a billberry powder, or any mixture thereof.
[001586] 116. The composition of paragraph 97, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are in the form of a concentrate or extract from one or more of bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, cranberry, apple, peach, apricot, mango, or any combination thereof.
[001587] 117. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-116, further comprising one or more amine donors. [001588] 118. The composition of paragraph 117, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a peptide, a protein, or a mixture thereof.
[001589] 119. The composition of paragraph 118, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, or a combination thereof.
[001590] 120. The composition of paragraph 118, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise one or more amino acids.
[001591] 121. The composition of paragraph 120, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, or any combination thereof.
[001592] 122. The composition of paragraph 118, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a peptide, a protein, or a combination thereof.
[001593] 123. The composition of paragraph 122, wherein the peptide or protein is selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed vegetable proteins (HVPs), soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten, or any combination thereof.
[001594] 124. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-123, further comprising one or more caramelized sugars.
[001595] 125. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-24, wherein at least one MRP comprises a nitrogen heterocylic functionality, a cyclic enolone functionality, a polycarbonyl functionality, a monocarbonyl functionality, or a combination thereof.
[001596] 126. The composition of paragraph 125, comprising a nitrogen heterocylic functionality, wherein the nitrogen heterocylic functionality comprises a pyrazine, a pyrrole, a pyridine, an alkyl or acetyl-substituted saturated N-heterocycle, or a combination thereof.
[001597] 127. The composition of paragraph 125, comprising a cyclic enolone functionality, wherein the cyclic enolone functionality comprises a maltol, an isomaltol, a dehydrofuranone, a dehydropyrone, a cyclopentenolone, or a combination thereof. [001598] 128. The composition of paragraph 125, comprising a polycarbonyl functionality, wherein the polycarbonyl functionality comprises a 2-furaldehyde, a 2-pyrrole aldehyde, a C3- C6 methyl ketone, or a combination thereof.
[001599] 129. The composition of paragraph 125, comprising a polycarbonyl functionality, wherein the polycarbonyl functionality comprises a 2-furaldehyde, a 2-pyrrole aldehyde, a C3- C6 methyl ketone, or a combination thereof.
[001600] 130. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-129, wherein the composition has a corny, nutty, roasted or breadlike flavor.
[001601] 131. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-129, wherein the composition has a caramel-like flavor.
[001602] 132. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-131, wherein the composition is in solid form.
[001603] 133. The composition of paragraph 132, wherein the composition comprises a powder.
[001604] 134. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-133, wherein the composition is in liquid form.
[001605] 135. An orally consumable product comprising the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-134.
[001606] 136. The orally consumable product of paragraph 135, wherein the product is a food product.
[001607] 137. The orally consumable product of paragraph 136, wherein the food product is selected from the group consisting of dairy products, fats, oils, fat emulsions, edible ices, fruits, vegetables, confectionery, cereals, cereal products, bakery wares, meat, meat products, fish, fish products, eggs, egg products, salt, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, foodstffs or any combination thereof.
[001608] 138. The orally consumable product of paragraph 135, wherein the product is a beverage.
[001609] 139. The orally consumable product of paragraph 138, wherein the beverage is tea, cocoa, juice, soda, milk, water or coffee. [001610] 140. The orally consumable product of paragraph 139, wherein the beverage is an alcoholic beverage.
[001611] 141. The orally consumable product of paragraph 135, wherein the product is a pharmaceutical product.
[001612] 142. The orally consumable product of any one of paragraphs 135-141, wherein the composition is formulated to act as a product sweetener.
[001613] 143. The orally consumable product of paragraph 142, wherein the composition is present in the product in an amount to exceed a sucrose equivalence of 1.5%.
[001614] 144. The orally consumable product of any one of paragraphs 135-141, wherein the composition is formulated to act as a product flavorant.
[001615] 145. The orally consumable product of paragraph 144, wherein the composition is present in the product in an amount not to exceed a sucrose equivalence of 1.5%.
[001616] 146. A method for preparing the composition of paragraph 1, comprising the steps of:
[001617] (a) preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more sugar donors and one or more amine donors having a free amine group, wherein the one or more sugar donors comprise one or more sweetening agents, one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group, or both;
[001618] (b) combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents; and
[001619] (c) heating the components in step (b) under conditions suitable forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more Maillard reaction products (MRPs),
[001620] wherein one or more sweetening agents are added to the composition when the reaction mixture does not include the one or more sweetening agents.
[001621] 147. The method of paragraph 146, wherein the reaction mixture comprises one or more sweetening agents.
[001622] 148. The method of paragraph 146, wherein the reaction mixture comprises one or more reducing sugars.
[001623] 149. The method of paragraph 146, wherein the reaction mixture comprises one or more sweetening agents and one or more reducing sugars. [001624] 150. The method of any one of paragraphs 146, 148 or 149, wherein the one or more sugar donors comprise one or more reducing sugars selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide, or any combination thereof.
[001625] 151. The method of paragraph 150, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide.
[001626] 152. The method of paragraph 151, wherein the monosaccharide is selected from the group consisting of glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, glyceraldehyde, ribose, xylose, or any combination thereof.
[001627] 153. The method of paragraph 150, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a disaccharide.
[001628] 154. The method of paragraph 153, wherein the disaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cellobiose, lactose, maltose, or any combination thereof.
[001629] 155. The method of paragraph 150, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a polysaccharide.
[001630] 156. The method of paragraph 155, wherein the polysaccharide is starch.
[001631] 157. The method of any one of paragraphs 190 to 192, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise one or more pentoses, one or more hexoses, or a combination thereof.
[001632] 158. The method of paragraph 157, comprising one or more pentoses, wherein the one or more pentoses comprise one or more aldopentoses, one or more ketopentoses, one or more deoxypentoses, or any combination thereof.
[001633] 159. The method of paragraph 158, comprising one or more aldopentoses, wherein the one or more aldopentoses comprise an arabinose, a xylose, a ribose, a lyxose, or any combination thereof.
[001634] 160. The method of paragraph 158, comprising one or more ketopentoses, wherein the one or more ketopentoses comprise a ribulose, a xylulose, or any combination thereof. [001635] 161. The method of any one of paragraphs 150, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise one or more glycosides, wherein each of the glycosides comprises a glycone and an aglycone.
[001636] 162. The method of paragraph 161, wherein at least one glycoside comprises a glycone selected from the group consisting of rhamnose,
[001637] 163. The method of paragraph 150, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are in the form of a plant juice, a plant powder, a vegetable juice, a vegetable powder, a berry juice, a berry powder a fruit juice, a berry powder or any mixture thereof.
[001638] 164. The method of paragraph 150, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a burnt sugar.
[001639] 165. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-164, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a peptide, a protein, or a mixture thereof.
[001640] 166. The method of paragraph 165, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a primary amine compound or a secondary amine compound.
[001641] 167. The method of paragraph 165, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise one or more amino acids.
[001642] 168. The method of paragraph 167, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and any mixture thereof.
[001643] 169. The method of paragraph 165, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a peptide or protein.
[001644] 170. The method of paragraph 169, wherein the peptide or protein is selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed vegetable proteins (HVPs), soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten, yeast extract, and any mixture thereof.
[001645] 171. The method of any one of paragraphs 149-170, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more steviol glycosides (SGs), one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs), one or more mogrosides (MGs), one or more glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs), one or more sweet tea glycosides (STGs), one or more glycosylsated sweet tea glycosides (GSTGs), or a combination thereof.
[001646] 172. The method of paragraph 171, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more steviol glycosides (SGs).
[001647] 173. The method of paragraph 172, wherein the one or more SGs are selected from Table 2.
[001648] 174. The method of paragraph 172, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG selected from the group consisting of SvGn#l, SG-4, iso-steviolbioside, SvGn#3, rebaudioside Rl, stevioside F, SG-Unkl, dulcoside B, SG-3, iso-rebaudioside B, iso-stevioside, rebaudioside KA, SG-13, stevioside B, rebaudioside R, SG-Unk2, SG-Unk3, rebaudioside F3, rebaudioside F2, rebaudioside C2, stevioside E, stevioside E2, SG-10, rebaudioside LI, SG-2, rebaudioside A3, iso-rebaudioside A2, rebaudioside A2, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside HI, SvGn#2, SvGN#5, rebaudioside U2, rebaudioside T, rebaudioside W, rebaudioside W2, rebaudioside W3, rebaudioside U, SG-12, rebaudioside K2, SG-Unk4, SG-Unk5, rebaudioside 13, SG-Unk6, rebaudioside Q, rebaudioside Q2, rebaudioside Q3, rebaudioside 12, rebaudioside Tl, SvGn#4, rebaudioside V, rebaudioside V2, rebaudioside Y, 15a-OH- rebaudioside M, rebaudioside 02, or combinations thereof.
[001649] 175. The method of paragraph 172, wherein the one or more SGs are selected from SG-1G, SG-2G, SG-3G, SG-4G, SG-5G, SG-6G, SG-1G1R, SG-2G1R, SG-3G1R, SG-4G1R, SG- 5G1R, SG-6G1R, SG-1G1X, SG-2G1X, SG-3G1X, SG-4G1X, SG-5G1X, or combinations thereof.
[001650] 176. The method of any one of paragraphs 172-175, wherein the one or more
SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 965 daltons.
[001651] 177. The method of paragraph 176, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 804 daltons.
[001652] 178. The method of any one of paragraphs 172-175, wherein the one or more
SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight greater than 804 daltons.
[001653] 179. The method of paragraph 178, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight greater than 965 daltons. [001654] 180. The method of paragraph 179, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1127 daltons.
[001655] 181. The method of paragraph 180, wherein the one or more SGs comprise at least one SG having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1259 daltons.
[001656] 182. The method of paragraph 171, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs).
[001657] 183. The method of paragraph 182, wherein the one or more GSGs are further glycosylation products from one or more SGs in Table 2.
[001658] 184. The method of paragraph 182 or paragraph 183, wherein the one or more
GSGs are further glycosylation products from one or more SGs selected from the group consisting of: SvGn#l, SG-4, iso-steviolbioside, SvGn#3, rebaudioside Rl, stevioside F, SG-Unkl, dulcoside B, SG-3, iso-rebaudioside B, iso-stevioside, rebaudioside KA, SG-13, stevioside B, rebaudioside R, SG-Unk2, SG-Unk3, rebaudioside F3, rebaudioside F2, rebaudioside C2, stevioside E, stevioside E2, SG-10, rebaudioside LI, SG-2, rebaudioside A3, iso-rebaudioside A2, rebaudioside A2, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside HI, SvGn#2, SvGN#5, rebaudioside U2, rebaudioside T, rebaudioside W, rebaudioside W2, rebaudioside W3, rebaudioside U, SG-12, rebaudioside K2, SG-Unk4, SG-Unk5, rebaudioside 13, SG-Unk6, rebaudioside Q, rebaudioside Q2, rebaudioside Q3, rebaudioside 12, rebaudioside Tl, SvGn#4, rebaudioside V, rebaudioside V2, rebaudioside Y, 15a-OH- rebaudioside M, rebaudioside 02, or any combination thereof.
[001659] 185. The method of any one of paragraphs 182-184, wherein the one or more
GSGs comprise at least one GSG selected from the group consisting of: GSG-1G-1, GSG-1G-2, GSG-1G-3, GSG-1G-4, GSG-1G-5, GSG-2G-1, GSG-2G-2, GSG-2G-3, GSG-2G-4, GSG-3G-1, GSG- 3G-2, GSG-3G-3, GSG-4G-1, GSG-4G-2, GSG-5G-1, or any combination thereof.
[001660] 186. The method of any one of paragraphs 182-184, wherein the one or more
GSGs comprise at least one GSG selected from the group consisting of: GSG-3G-2, GSG-3G-3, GSG-3G-4, GSG-3G-7, GSG-3G-8, GSG-4G-1, GSG-4G-2, GSG-4G-3, GSG-4G-7, GSG-5G-1, GSG- 5G-2, GSG-5G-3, GSG-5G-4, GSG-5G-5, GSG-6G-3, or combinations thereof. [001661] 187. The method of any one of paragraphs 182-184, wherein the one or more
GSGs comprise one or more rhamnose moieties, one or more deoxyhexose moieties, or combination thereof.
[001662] 188. The method of paragraph 187, wherein the one or more GSGs are selected from the group consisting of: GSG-1G1R-1, GSG-1G1R-2, GSG-2G1R-1, GSG-1G1R-3, GSG-2G1R-
2, GSG-3G1R-1, GSG-1G1R-4, GSG-2G1R-3, GSG-3G1R-2, GSG-4G-1R-1, GSG-1G1R-5-1, GSG-
2G1R-4, GSG-3GlR-3a, GSG-3GlR-3b, GSG-4G1R-2, GSG-5G1R-1, or combinations thereof.
[001663] 189. The method of paragraph 187, wherein the one or more GSGs are selected from the group consisting of: GSG-3GlR-3a, GSG-3GlR-3b, GSG-4G1R-2, GSG-4G1R-3, GSG- 4G1R-4, GSG-4G1R-6, GSG-5G1R-4, GSG-6G1R-Ia, GSG-6G1R-Ib, GSG-6G1R-2, or combinations thereof.
[001664] 190. The method of any one of paragraphs 182-184, wherein the one or more
GSGs comprise one or more xylose moieties, arabinose moieties, or combination thereof.
[001665] 191. The method of paragraph 190, wherein the one or more GSGs are selected from the group consisting of: GSG-1G1X-1, GSG-1G1X-2, GSG-1G1X-3, GSG-1G1X-4, GSG-2G1X- 1, GSG-2G1X-2, GSG-2G1X-3, GSG-3G1X-1, GSG-3G1X-2, GSG-4G1X-1, or combinations thereof.
[001666] 192. The method of paragraph 190, wherein the one or more GSGs are selected from the group consisting of: GSG-3G1X-4, GSG-3G1X-5, GSG-4G1X-1, GSG-4G1X-2, GSG-4G1X-
3, GSG-4G1X-4, or combinations thereof.
[001667] 192. The method of any one of paragraphs 182-192, wherein at least one of the one or more GSGs has a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 1128 daltons.
[001668] 193. The method of paragraph 192, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 966 daltons.
[001669] 194. The method of paragraph 193, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight less than equal to or less than 804 daltons.
[001670] 195. The method of any one of paragraphs 182-192, wherein at least one of the one or more GSGs has a molecular weight greater than 1128 daltons.
[001671] 196. The method of paragraph 195, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1260 daltons. [001672] 197. The method of paragraph 196, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1422 daltons.
[001673] 198. The method of paragraph 197, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1746 daltons.
[001674] 199. The method of paragraph 198, wherein at least one of the one or more
GSGs has a molecular weight equal to or greater than 1922 daltons.
[001675] 200. The method of paragraph 171, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more mogrosides (MGs).
[001676] 201. The method of paragraph 200, wherein the one or more MGs are selected from the group consisting of a mogroside II, a mogroside III, a mogroside IV, a mogroside V, siamenoside 1, 11-oxomogroside V, and any mixture thereof.
[001677] 201. The method of paragraph 171, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more glycosylated mogrosides (GMGs).
[001678] 202. The method of paragraph 201, wherein the one or more GMGs are selected from the group consisting of a glycosylated mogroside II, a glycosylated mogroside III, a glycosylated mogroside IV, a glycosylated mogroside V, a glycosylated siamenoside I, a glycosylated 11-oxomogroside V, and any mixture thereof.
[001679] 203. The method of paragraph 202, comprising a glycosylated mogroside V, wherein the mogroside V is selected from the group consisting of GMG-V20L, GMG-V20S, GMG- V40, GMG-V60, or any combination thereof.
[001680] 204. The method of paragraph 171, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more sweet tea glycosides (STGs).
[001681] 205. The method of paragraph 204, wherein the one or more STGs comprise rubusoside, a suavioside or a combination thereof.
[001682] 206. The method of paragraph 205, wherein the one or more STGs comprise rubusoside.
[001683] 207. The method of paragraph 205, wherein the one or more STGs comprise a suavioside, wherein the suavioside is selected from the group consisting of suavioside A, suavioside B, suavioside Ci, suavioside Di, suavioside D2, suavioside E, suavioside F, suavioside G, suavioside H, suavioside I, suavioside J, or any combination thereof.
[001684] 208. The method of paragraph 171, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides (GSTGs).
[001685] 209. The method of paragraph 208, wherein the one or more GSTGs comprise a glycosylated rubusoside, a glycosylated suavioside or a combination thereof.
[001686] 210. The method of paragraph 209, wherein the one or more GSTGs comprise a glycosylated rubusoside.
[001687] 211. The method of paragraph 209, wherein the one or more GSTGs comprise a glycosylated suavioside, wherein the glycosylated suavioside is selected from the group consisting of glycosylated suavioside A, glycosylated suavioside B, glycosylated suavioside Ci, glycosylated suavioside Di, glycosylated suavioside D2, glycosylated suavioside E, glycosylated suavioside F, glycosylated suavioside G, glycosylated suavioside H, glycosylated suavioside I, glycosylated suavioside J, or any combination thereof.
[001688] 212. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-211, wherein the one or more sweetening agents are in the form of a salt.
[001689] 213. The method of paragraph 171, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a stevia extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a sweet tea extract, glycosylated sweet tea extract, or a mixture thereof.
[001690] 214. The method of paragraph 213, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a stevia extract.
[001691] 215. The method of paragraph 214, wherein the stevia extract is selected from the group consisting of: RA20, RA40, RA50, RA60, RA80, RA 90, RA95, RA97, RA98, RA99, RA99.5, RB8, RB10, RB15, RC15, RD6, or any combination thereof
[001692] 216. The method of paragraph 213, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a glycosylated stevia extract.
[001693] 217. The method of paragraph 261, wherein the stevia extract is selected from the group consisting of: glycosylated RA20, glycosylated RA40, glycosylated RA50, glycosylated RA60, glycosylated RA80, glycosylated RA 90, glycosylated RA95, glycosylated RA97, glycosylated RA98, glycosylated RA99, glycosylated RA99.5, glycosylated RB8, glycosylated RB10, glycosylated RB15, glycosylated RC15, glycosylated RD6, or any combination thereof.
[001694] 218. The method of paragraph 213, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a swingle extract.
[001695] 219. The method of paragraph 213, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a glycosylated swingle extract.
[001696] 220. The method of paragraph 213, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a sweet tea extract.
[001697] 221. The method of paragraph 213, wherein the one or more sweetening agents comprise a glycosylated sweet tea extract.
[001698] 222. The method of any one of paragraphs 146 to 221, further comprising the step of adding one or more sweetener enhancers.
[001699] 223. The method of paragraph 222, wherein the one or more sweetener enhancers are added to the reaction mixture in step (a).
[001700] 224. The method of paragraph 222, wherein the one or more sweetener enhancers are added after step (c).
[001701] 225. The method of any one of paragraphs 222-224, wherein the one or more sweetener enhancers comprise thaumatin, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, or any mixture thereof
[001702] 226. The method of paragraph 225, wherein at least one of the sweetener enhancers is thaumatin.
[001703] 227. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-226, further comprising the step of adding one or more sweeteners.
[001704] 228. The method of paragraph 227, wherein the one or more sweeteners are added to the reaction mixture in step (a).
[001705] 229. The method of paragraph 227, wherein the one or more sweeteners are added after step (c).
[001706] 230. The method of any one of paragraphs 227-229, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sucralose, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, and any mixtures thereof.
[001707] 231. The method of paragraph 230, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise sucralose.
[001708] 232. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-231, further comprising the step of adding one or more salts.
[001709] 233. The method of paragraph 232, wherein the one or more salts are added to the reaction mixture in step (a).
[001710] 234. The method of paragraph 232, wherein the one or more salts are added after step (c).
[001711] 235. The method of any one of paragraphs 232-234, wherein the one or more salts are selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and any mixture thereof.
[001712] 236. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-235, further comprising the step of adding an alkaline pH adjuster.
[001713] 237. The method of paragraph 236, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is added to the reaction mixture in step (a).
[001714] 238. The method of paragraph 236, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is added after step (c).
[001715] 239. The method of paragraph 238, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[001716] 240. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-239, further comprising the step of adding one or more flavoring agents.
[001717] 241. The method of paragraph 236, wherein the one or more flavoring agents are added to the reaction mixture in step (a). [001718] 242. The method of paragraph 236, wherein the one or more flavoring agents are added after step (c).
[001719] 243. The method of any one of paragraphs 240-242, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise flavors or spices originating from plants or animals.
[001720] 244. The method of paragraph 243, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise flavors or spices from bark, flowers, fruits, or leaves.
[001721] 245. The method of any one of paragraphs 240-242, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise artificial, natural or synthetic fruit flavors.
[001722] 246. The method of any one of paragraphs 240-242, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise at least one citrus oil.
[001723] 247. The method of paragraph 246, wherein the at least one citrus oil is selected from the group consisting of lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, yuzu, sudachi, or any combination thereof.
[001724] 248. The method of any one of paragraphs 240-242, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise at least one fruit essence.
[001725] 249. The method of paragraph 248, wherein the at least one fruit essence is from apple, pear, peach, grape, raspberry, blackberry, gooseberry, blueberry, strawberry, cherry, plum, prune, raisin, cola, guarana, neroli, pineapple, apricot, banana, melon, apricot, cherry, tropical fruit, mango, mangosteen, pomegranate, papaya, or any combination thereof.
[001726] 250. The method of any one of paragraphs 240-242, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise at least one flavor from milk, butter, cheese, cream, yogurt, vanilla, tea, coffee, green tea, oolong tea, cocoa, chocolate, a mint, peppermint, spearmint, Japanese mint, a spice, asafetida, ajowan, anise, angelica, fennel, allspice, cinnamon, chamomile, mustard, cardamom, caraway, cumin, a clove, a pepper, coriander, sassafras, a savory, Zanthoxyli fructus, a perilla, a juniper berry, ginger, star anise, horseradish, thyme, tarragon, dill, capsicum, nutmeg, basil, marjoram, rosemary, bayleaf, wasabi, a nut, almond, hazelnut, macadamia nut, peanut, pecan, pistachio, and walnut, an alcoholic beverage, a wine, a whisky, a brandy, a rum, a gin, a liqueur, a floral, a vegetable, an onion, a garlic, a cabbage, a carrot, a celery, a mushroom, a tomato, concentrated meat soup, concentrated seafood soup, or any combination thereof.
[001727] 251. The method of any one of paragraphs 146 to 250, further comprising the step of adding one or more reducing sugars after step (c).
[001728] 252. The method of paragraph 251, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a reducing sugar selected from the group consisting of galactose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, D-allose, D-psicose, xylitol, allulose, melezitose, D-tagatose, D- altrose, D-alditol, L-gulose, L-sorbose, D-talitol, inulin, stachyose, or any combination thereof.
[001729] 253. The method of paragraph 251, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide, or any combination thereof.
[001730] 254. The method of paragraph 253, wherein the reducing sugar is a monosaccharide.
[001731] 255. The method of paragraph 254, wherein the monosaccharide is selected from the group consisting of glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, glyceraldehyde, ribose, xylose, or any combination thereof.
[001732] 256. The method of paragraph 253, wherein the reducing sugar is a disaccharide.
[001733] 257. The method of paragraph 256, wherein the disaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cellobiose, lactose, maltose, or any combination thereof.
[001734] 258. The method of paragraph 253, wherein the reducing sugar is a polysaccharide.
[001735] 259. The method of paragraph 258, wherein the polysaccharide is starch.
[001736] 260. The method of paragraph 251, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise at least one burnt sugar.
[001737] 261. The method of paragraph 251, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise one or more pentoses, one or more hexoses, or a combination thereof. [001738] 262. The method of paragraph 261, comprising one or more pentoses, wherein the one or more pentoses comprise one or more aldopentoses, one or more ketopentoses, one or more deoxypentoses, or any combination thereof.
[001739] 263. The method of paragraph 262, comprising one or more aldopentoses, wherein the one or more aldopentoses comprise an arabinose, a xylose, a ribose, a lyxose, or any combination thereof.
[001740] 264. The method of paragraph 262, comprising one or more ketopentoses, wherein the one or more ketopentoses comprise a ribulose, a xylulose, or any combination thereof.
[001741] 265. The method of paragraph 262, comprising one or more deoxypentoses.
[001742] 266. The method of paragraph 251, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise one or more glycosides, wherein each of the glycosides comprises a glycone and an aglycone.
[001743] 267. The method of paragraph 266, wherein at least one glycoside comprises a glycone selected from the group consisting of rhamnose,
[001744] 268. The method of paragraph 251, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are in the form of a plant juice, a plant powder, a vegetable juice, a vegetable powder, a berry juice, a berry powder, a fruit juice, a fruit powder, a billberrry juice, a billberry powder, or any mixture thereof.
[001745] 269. The method of paragraph 251, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are in the form of a concentrate or extract from one or more of bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, cranberry, apple, peach, apricot, mango, or any combination thereof.
[001746] 270. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-269, further comprising the step of adding one or more amine donors after step (c).
[001747] 271. The method of paragraph 270, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a peptide, a protein, or a mixture thereof.
[001748] 272. The method of paragraph 271, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, or a combination thereof. [001749] 273. The method of paragraph 271, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise one or more amino acids.
[001750] 274. The method of paragraph 273, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, or any combination thereof.
[001751] 275. The method of paragraph 271, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise a peptide, a protein, or a combination thereof.
[001752] 276. The method of paragraph 275, wherein the peptide or protein is selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed vegetable proteins (HVPs), soy protein, sodium caseinate, whey protein, wheat gluten, or any combination thereof.
[001753] 277. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-276, further comprising the step of adding one or more caramelized sugars.
[001754] 278. The method of paragraph 277, wherein the one or more caramelized sugars are added to the reaction mixture.
[001755] 279. The method of paragraph 277, wherein the one or more caramelized sugars are added after step (c).
[001756] 280. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-279, wherein at least one MRP comprises a nitrogen heterocylic functionality, a cyclic enolone functionality, a polycarbonyl functionality, a monocarbonyl functionality, or a combination thereof.
[001757] 281. The method of paragraph 280, comprising a nitrogen heterocylic functionality, wherein the nitrogen heterocylic functionality comprises a pyrazine, a pyrrole, a pyridine, an alkyl or acetyl-substituted saturated N-heterocycle, or a combination thereof.
[001758] 282. The method of paragraph 280, comprising a cyclic enolone functionality, wherein the cyclic enolone functionality comprises a maltol, an isomaltol, a dehydrofuranone, a dehydropyrone, a cyclopentenolone, or a combination thereof. [001759] 283. The method of paragraph 280, comprising a polycarbonyl functionality, wherein the polycarbonyl functionality comprises a 2-furaldehyde, a 2-pyrrole aldehyde, a C3- C6 methyl ketone, or a combination thereof.
[001760] 284. The method of paragraph 280, comprising a polycarbonyl functionality, wherein the polycarbonyl functionality comprises a 2-furaldehyde, a 2-pyrrole aldehyde, a C3- C6 methyl ketone, or a combination thereof.
[001761] 285. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-284, wherein the composition is formulated to have a corny, nutty, roasted or breadlike flavor.
[001762] 286. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-284, wherein the composition is formulated to have a caramel-like flavor.
[001763] 287. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-286, wherein the reaction mixture in step (c) is heated at a temperature between about 50°C and about 250°C.
[001764] 288. The method of paragraph 287, wherein the reaction mixture in step (c) is heated at a temperature between about 50°C and about 150°C.
[001765] 289. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-286, wherein the reaction mixture in step (c) is heated for a period of time between about 10 min. and 5 hours.
[001766] 290. The method of paragraph 289, wherein the reaction mixture in step (c) is heated for a period of time between about 20 min. and 2 hour.
[001767] 290. The method of paragraph 289, wherein the reaction mixture in step (c) is heated for a period of time between about 2 and 5 hours.
[001768] 291. The method of any one of paragraphs 146-286, wherein the reaction mixture in step (c) is or is formulated to have a pH between about 2 and 14.
[001769] 291. The method of paragraph 291, wherein the reaction mixture in step (c) is or is formulated to have a pH between about 4 and 9.
[001770] 292. The method of paragraph 291, wherein the reaction mixture in step (c) is or is formulated to have a pH between about 9 and 11.
[001771] Additional Food Embodiments:
[001772] Set 1:
[001773] 1. A dairy product comprising an added Maillard reaction product. [001774] 2. The dairy product of paragraph 1, wherein the dairy further comprises a sugar donor.
[001775] 3. The dairy product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001776] 4. The dairy product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001777] 5. The dairy product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001778] 6. The dairy product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[001779] 7. The dairy product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001780] 8. The dairy product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[001781] 9. The dairy product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[001782] 10. The dairy product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001783] 11. The dairy product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [001784] 12. The dairy product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001785] 13. The dairy product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001786] 14. The dairy product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or a synthetic sweetener.
[001787] 15. The dairy product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweeteners is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001788] 16. The dairy product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001789] 17. The dairy product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001790] 18. The dairy product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001791] 19. The dairy product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001792] 20. The dairy product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[001793] 21. The dairy product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[001794] 22. The dairy product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [001795] 23. The dairy product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[001796] 24. The dairy product of paragraph 1, wherein the dairy product is a milk or dairy based drink; or a fermented, rennected milk products or a condensed milk or analogue; or a cream or similar product; or milk or cream powders; or cheese; or dairy based desserts; or whey or a whey product including whey cheese.
[001797] Set 2:
[001798] 1. A fat emulsion which is water-in oil, comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[001799] 2. The fat emulsion of paragraph 1, wherein the fat emulsion comprises a sugar donor.
[001800] 3. The fat emulsion of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001801] 4. The fat emulsion of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001802] 5. The fat emulsion of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001803] 6. The fat emulsion of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[001804] 7. The fat emulsion of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001805] 8. The fat emulsion of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[001806] 9. The fat emulsion of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [001807] 10. The fat emulsion of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001808] 11. The fat emulsion of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001809] 12. The fat emulsion of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001810] 13. The fat emulsion of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001811] 14. The fat emulsion of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[001812] 15. The fat emulsion of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001813] 16. The fat emulsion of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001814] 17. The fat emulsion of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001815] 18. The fat emulsion of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001816] 19. The fat emulsion of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001817] 20. The fat emulsion of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[001818] 21. The fat emulsion of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[001819] 22. The fat emulsion of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[001820] 23. The fat emulsion of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[001821] 24. The fat emulsion of paragraph 1, wherein the fat emulsion is fats and oils essentially free from water; or water-in-oil; or mixed and/or flavored products based on fat emulsions other than fats and oils essentially free from water and mainly water-in-oil ; or fat- based desserts (or excluding dairy based desserts).
[001822] Set 3:
[001823] 1. A fruit or vegetable juice, comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[001824] 2. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit or vegetable further comprises a sugar donor.
[001825] 3. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001826] 4. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001827] 5. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001828] 6. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer. [001829] 7. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001830] 8. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[001831] 9. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[001832] 10. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001833] 11. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001834] 12. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001835] 13. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001836] 14. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[001837] 15. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001838] 16. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [001839] 17. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001840] 18. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001841] 19. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001842] 20. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[001843] 21. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[001844] 22. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[001845] 23. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[001846] 24. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit or vegetable juice is fresh fruit juice, processed fruit juice, fresh vegetables fruit juice, or processed vegetables fruit juice.
[001847] 25. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 22, wherein the fruit juice comprises fruit juice containing vinegar or oil or brine, and fermented fruit juice; the vegetable juice comprises the vegetable juice containing vinegar or oil or brine.
[001848] 26. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 22, wherein the vegetable juice comprises the juice made from mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes.
[001849] 27. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 22, wherein the fruit or vegetable juice is canned or bottled fruit juice or vegetable juice; or concentrates for fruit juice or vegetable juice; or the juice or concentrates for fruit juice or vegetable juice containing dried fruit.
[001850] 28. The fruit or vegetable juice of paragraph 25, wherein the fruit is processed nuts; the juice or concentrates for fruit juice is potato juice, cereal juice, starch based juice from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes.
[001851] Set 4:
[001852] 1. A tea comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[001853] 2. The tea of paragraph 1, wherein the tea further comprises a sugar donor.
[001854] 3. The tea of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001855] 4. The tea of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001856] 5. The tea of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001857] 6. The tea of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[001858] 7. The tea of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001859] 8. The tea of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[001860] 9. The tea of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[001861] 10. The tea of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001862] 11. The tea of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001863] 12. The tea of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001864] 13. The tea of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001865] 14. The tea of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[001866] 15. The tea of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001867] 16. The tea of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001868] 17. The tea of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001869] 18. The tea of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001870] 19. The tea of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001871] 20. The tea of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures. [001872] 21. The tea of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[001873] 22. The tea of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[001874] 23. The tea of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[001875] 24. The tea of paragraph 1, wherein the tea is concentrated or non-concentrated tea; or canned or bottled tea.
[001876] 25. The tea of paragraph 1, wherein the tea can be a tea substitute.
[001877] Set 5:
[001878] 1. A coffee comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[001879] 2. The coffee of paragraph 1, wherein the coffee further comprises a sugar donor.
[001880] 3. The coffee of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001881] 4. The coffee of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001882] 5. The coffee of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001883] 6. The coffee of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[001884] 7. The coffee of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001885] 8. The coffee of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[001886] 9. The coffee of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [001887] 10. The coffee of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001888] 11. The coffee of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001889] 12. The coffee of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001890] 13. The coffee of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001891] 14. The coffee of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[001892] 15. The coffee of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001893] 16. The coffee of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001894] 17. The coffee of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001895] 18. The coffee of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001896] 19. The coffee of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof. [001897] 20. The coffee of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[001898] 21. The coffee of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[001899] 22. The coffee of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[001900] 23. The coffee of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[001901] 24. The coffee of paragraph 1, wherein the coffee is concentrated or non concentrated coffee; or canned or bottled coffee.
[001902] 25. The coffee of paragraph 1, wherein the coffee can be a coffee substitute.
[001903] Set 6:
[001904] 1. A fruit and/or vegetable nectar comprising a Maillard reaction product.
[001905] 2. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit and vegetable nectar further comprises a sugar donor.
[001906] 3. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001907] 4. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001908] 5. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001909] 6. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[001910] 7. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001911] 8. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin. [001912] 9. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[001913] 10. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001914] 11. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001915] 12. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001916] 13. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001917] 14. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[001918] 15. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001919] 16. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001920] 17. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001921] 18. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin. [001922] 19. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001923] 20. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[001924] 21. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[001925] 22. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[001926] 23. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[001927] 24. The fruit and/or vegetable nectar of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit and vegetable nectar is concentrated or non-concentrated fruit or vegetable nectar; or canned or bottled water-based fruit and vegetable nectar.
[001928] Set 7:
[001929] 1. A water-based flavored drink comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[001930] 2. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 1, wherein the water-based flavored drink further comprises a sugar donor.
[001931] 3. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001932] 4. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001933] 5. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001934] 6. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[001935] 7. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001936] 8. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[001937] 9. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[001938] 10. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001939] 11. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001940] 12. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001941] 13. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001942] 14. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[001943] 15. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001944] 16. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001945] 17. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001946] 18. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001947] 19. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001948] 20. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[001949] 21. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[001950] 22. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[001951] 23. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[001952] 24. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 1, wherein the water-based flavored drink is concentrated or non-concentrated water-based flavored drink; or canned or bottled water-based flavored drink.
[001953] 25. The water-based flavored drink of paragraph 1, wherein the water-based flavored drink is carbonated drink, non-carbonated drink or a concentrate.
[001954] Set 8: [001955] 1. A herbal infusion comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[001956] 2. The herbal infusion of paragraph 1, wherein the herbal infusion further comprises a sugar donor.
[001957] 3. The herbal infusion of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001958] 4. The herbal infusion of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001959] 5. The herbal infusion of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001960] 6. The herbal infusion of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[001961] 7. The herbal infusion of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001962] 8. The herbal infusion of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[001963] 9. The herbal infusion of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[001964] 10. The herbal infusion of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001965] 11. The herbal infusion of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [001966] 12. The herbal infusion of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001967] 13. The herbal infusion of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001968] 14. The herbal infusion of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[001969] 15. The herbal infusion of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001970] 16. The herbal infusion of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001971] 17. The herbal infusion of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001972] 18. The herbal infusion of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001973] 19. The herbal infusion of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[001974] 20. The herbal infusion of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[001975] 21. The herbal infusion of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[001976] 22. The herbal infusion of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [001977] 23. The herbal infusion of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[001978] 24. The herbal infusion of paragraph 1, wherein the herbal infusion is a concentrated or non-concentrated herbal infusion; or canned or bottled herbal infusion.
[001979] 25. The herbal infusion of paragraph 1, wherein the herbal infusion can be an herbal infusion substitute.
[001980] Set 9:
[001981] 1. A hot cereal beverage comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[001982] 2. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the hot cereal beverage further comprises a sugar donor.
[001983] 3. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[001984] 4. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[001985] 5. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001986] 6. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[001987] 7. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001988] 8. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[001989] 9. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [001990] 10. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001991] 11. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001992] 12. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001993] 13. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[001994] 14. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[001995] 15. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[001996] 16. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[001997] 17. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[001998] 18. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[001999] 19. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002000] 20. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002001] 21. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002002] 22. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002003] 23. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002004] 24. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the hot cereal beverage is concentrated or non-concentrated hot cereal beverage; or canned or bottled hot cereal beverage.
[002005] 25. The hot cereal beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the hot cereal beverage can be a hot cereal beverage substitute.
[002006] Set 10:
[002007] 1. A non-alcoholic beverage comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002008] 2. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the non-alcoholic beverage further comprises a sugar donor.
[002009] 3. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002010] 4. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002011] 5. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002012] 6. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002013] 7. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002014] 8. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002015] 9. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002016] 10. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002017] 11. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002018] 12. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002019] 13. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002020] 14. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002021] 15. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002022] 16. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002023] 17. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002024] 18. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002025] 19. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002026] 20. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002027] 21. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002028] 22. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002029] 23. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002030] 24. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the non-alcoholic beverage is concentrated or non-concentrated non-alcoholic beverage; or canned or bottled non-alcoholic beverage.
[002031] 25. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the non-alcoholic beverage can be the non-alcoholic beverage substitute.
[002032] 26. The non-alcoholic beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the non-alcoholic beverage is a natural mineral water or source water, or table waters or soda waters. [002033] Set 11:
[002034] 1. An alcoholic beverage comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002035] 2. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the alcoholic beverage further comprises a sugar donor.
[002036] 3. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002037] 4. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002038] 5. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002039] 6. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002040] 7. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002041] 8. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002042] 9. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002043] 10. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002044] 11. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002045] 12. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002046] 13. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002047] 14. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002048] 15. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002049] 16. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002050] 17. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002051] 18. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002052] 19. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002053] 20. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures. [002054] 21. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002055] 22. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002056] 23. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002057] 24. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the alcoholic beverage is a concentrated or non-concentrated alcoholic beverage; or a canned or bottled alcoholic beverage.
[002058] 25. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the alcoholic beverage can be an alcoholic beverage substitute.
[002059] 26. The alcoholic beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the alcoholic beverage is alcohol-free or a low-alcoholic counterparts.
[002060] Set 12:
[002061] 1. A beer or malt beverage comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002062] 2. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the beer or malt beverage further comprises a sugar donor.
[002063] 3. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002064] 4. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002065] 5. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002066] 6. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer. [002067] 7. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002068] 8. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002069] 9. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002070] 10. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002071] 11. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002072] 12. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002073] 13. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002074] 14. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002075] 15. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002076] 16. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002077] 17. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph IB, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002078] 18. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002079] 19. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002080] 20. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002081] 21. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002082] 22. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002083] 23. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002084] 24. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the beer or malt beverage is a concentrated or non-concentrated beer or malt beverage; or a canned or bottled beer or malt beverage.
[002085] 25. The beer or malt beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the beer or malt beverage can be a beer or a malt beverage substitute.
[002086] Set 13:
[002087] 1. A cider and perry comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002088] 2. The cider and perry of paragraph 1, wherein the cider and perry further comprises a sugar donor.
[002089] 3. The cider and perry of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
111 [002090] 4. The cider and perry of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002091] 5. The cider and perry of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002092] 6. The cider and perry of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002093] 7. The cider and perry of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002094] 8. The cider and perry of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002095] 9. The cider and perry of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002096] 10. The cider and perry of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002097] 11. The cider and perry of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002098] 12. The cider and perry of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002099] 13. The cider and perry of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener. [002100] 14. The cider and perry of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002101] 15. The cider and perry of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002102] 16. The cider and perry of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002103] 17. The cider and perry of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002104] 18. The cider and perry of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002105] 19. The cider and perry of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002106] 20. The cider and perry of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002107] 21. The cider and perry of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002108] 22. The cider and perry of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002109] 23. The cider and perry of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002110] 24. The cider and perry of paragraph 1, wherein the cider and perry is concentrated or non-concentrated cider and perry; or a canned or bottled cider and perry. [002111] 25. The cider and perry of paragraph 1, wherein the cider and perry can be a cider and perry substitute.
[002112] Set 14:
[002113] 1. A wine comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002114] 2. The wine of paragraph 1, wherein the wine further comprises a sugar donor.
[002115] 3. The wine of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002116] 4. The wine of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002117] 5. The wine of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002118] 6. The wine of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002119] 7. The wine of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002120] 8. The wine of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002121] 9. The wine of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002122] 10. The wine of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002123] 11. The wine of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002124] 12. The wine of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002125] 13. The wine of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002126] 14. The wine of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002127] 15. The wine of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002128] 16. The wine of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002129] 17. The wine of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002130] 18. The wine of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002131] 19. The wine of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002132] 20. The wine of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002133] 21. The wine of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002134] 22. The wine of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [002135] 23. The wine of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002136] 24. The wine of paragraph 1, wherein the wine is a concentrated or non concentrated wine; or a canned or bottled wine.
[002137] 25. The wine of paragraph 1, wherein the wine can be a wine substitute.
[002138] 26. The wine of paragraph 1, wherein the wine is still wine, sparkling and semi- sparkling wine, a fortified wine or a liquor wine or an aromatized wine.
[002139] Set 15:
[002140] 1. A fruit wine comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002141] 2. The fruit wine of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit wine further comprises a sugar donor.
[002142] 3. The fruit wine of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002143] 4. The fruit wine of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002144] 5. The fruit wine of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002145] 6. The fruit wine of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002146] 7. The fruit wine of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002147] 8. The fruit wine of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002148] 9. The fruit wine of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [002149] 10. The fruit wine of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002150] 11. The fruit wine of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002151] 12. The fruit wine of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002152] 13. The fruit wine of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002153] 14. The fruit wine of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002154] 15. The fruit wine of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002155] 16. The fruit wine of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002156] 17. The fruit wine of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002157] 18. The fruit wine of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002158] 19. The fruit wine of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002159] 20. The fruit wine of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002160] 21. The fruit wine of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002161] 22. The fruit wine of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002162] 23. The fruit wine of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002163] 24. The fruit wine of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit wine is a concentrated or a non-concentrated fruit wine; or a canned or bottled fruit wine.
[002164] 25. The fruit wine of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit wine can be a fruit wine substitute.
[002165] Set 16:
[002166] 1. A spirituous beverage comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002167] 2. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the spirituous beverage further comprises a sugar donor.
[002168] 3. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002169] 4. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002170] 5. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002171] 6. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer. [002172] 7. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002173] 8. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002174] 9. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002175] 10. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002176] 11. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002177] 12. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002178] 13. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002179] 14. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002180] 15. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002181] 16. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002182] 17. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002183] 18. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002184] 19. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002185] 20. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002186] 21. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002187] 22. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002188] 23. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002189] 24. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the spirituous beverages is a concentrated or non-concentrated spirituous beverage; or a canned or bottled spirituous beverage.
[002190] 25. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the spirituous beverage can be a spirituous beverage substitute.
[002191] 26. The spirituous beverage of paragraph 1, wherein the spirituous beverage contains at least 15% alcohol or containing less than 15% alcohol.
[002192] Set 17:
[002193] 1. A dessert comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002194] 2. The dessert of paragraph 1, wherein the dessert further comprises a sugar donor. [002195] 3. The dessert of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002196] 4. The dessert of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002197] 5. The dessert of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002198] 6. The dessert of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002199] 7. The dessert of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002200] 8. The dessert of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002201] 9. The dessert of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002202] 10. The dessert of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002203] 11. The dessert of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002204] 12. The dessert of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002205] 13. The dessert of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener. [002206] 14. The dessert of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002207] 15. The dessert of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002208] 16. The dessert of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002209] 17. The dessert of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002210] 18. The dessert of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002211] 19. The dessert of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002212] 20. The dessert of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002213] 21. The dessert of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002214] 22. The dessert of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002215] 23. The dessert of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002216] 24. The dessert of paragraph 1, wherein the dessert is concentrated or non concentrated dessert; or canned or bottled dessert.
[002217] 25. The dessert of paragraph 1, wherein the dessert can be the dessert substitute. [002218] 26. The dessert of paragraph 1, wherein the dessert is dairy based dessert.
[002219] 27. The dessert of paragraph 1, wherein the dessert is ice cream, ice milk, pudding, fruit or flavored yogurt.
[002220] 28. The dessert of paragraph 1, wherein the dessert is fruit flavored dessert or water based dessert; or a starch based dessert including rice pudding or tapioca pudding.
[002221] Set 18:
[002222] 1. A cream comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002223] 2. The cream of paragraph 1, wherein the cream further comprises a sugar donor.
[002224] 3. The cream of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002225] 4. The cream of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002226] 5. The cream of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002227] 6. The cream of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002228] 7. The cream of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002229] 8. The cream of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002230] 9. The cream of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002231] 10. The cream of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002232] 11. The cream of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002233] 12. The cream of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002234] 13. The cream of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002235] 14. The cream of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002236] 15. The cream of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002237] 16. The cream of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002238] 17. The cream of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002239] 18. The cream of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002240] 19. The cream of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002241] 20. The cream of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures. [002242] 21. The cream of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002243] 22. The cream of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002244] 23. The cream of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002245] 24. The cream of paragraph 1, wherein the cream is a concentrated or non concentrated cream; or a canned or bottled cream.
[002246] 25. The cream of paragraph 1, wherein the cream can be a cream substitute.
[002247] Set 19:
[002248] 1. A milk or cream powder comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002249] 2. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 1, wherein the milk or cream powder further comprises a sugar donor.
[002250] 3. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002251] 4. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002252] 5. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002253] 6. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002254] 7. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002255] 8. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002256] 9. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [002257] 10. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002258] 11. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002259] 12. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002260] 13. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002261] 14. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002262] 15. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002263] 16. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002264] 17. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002265] 18. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002266] 19. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002267] 20. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002268] 21. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002269] 22. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002270] 23. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002271] 24. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 1, wherein the milk or cream powder is a concentrated or non-concentrated milk or cream powder; or a canned or bottled milk or cream powder.
[002272] 25. The milk or cream powder of paragraph 1, wherein the milk or cream powder can be a milk or cream powder substitute or an analogue.
[002273] Set 20:
[002274] 1. A cheese comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002275] 2. The cheese of paragraph 1, wherein the cheese further comprises a sugar donor.
[002276] 3. The cheese of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002277] 4. The cheese of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002278] 5. The cheese of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002279] 6. The cheese of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002280] 7. The cheese of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002281] 8. The cheese of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002282] 9. The cheese of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002283] 10. The cheese of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002284] 11. The cheese of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002285] 12. The cheese of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002286] 13. The cheese of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002287] 14. The cheese of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002288] 15. The cheese of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002289] 16. The cheese of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002290] 17. The cheese of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002291] 18. The cheese of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002292] 19. The cheese of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002293] 20. The cheese of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002294] 21. The cheese of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002295] 22. The cheese of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002296] 23. The cheese of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002297] 24. The cheese of paragraph 1, wherein the cheese is a concentrated or non concentrated cheese; or a canned or packaged cheese.
[002298] 25. The cheese of paragraph 1, wherein the cheese can be a cheese substitute.
[002299] 26. The cheese of paragraph 1, wherein the cheese is unripened cheese, ripened cheese, whey cheese, processed cheese or a cheese derivative.
[002300] Set 21:
[002301] 1. A whey product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002302] 2. The whey product of paragraph 1, wherein the whey product further comprises a sugar donor.
[002303] 3. The whey product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002304] 4. The whey product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent. [002305] 5. The whey product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002306] 6. The whey product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002307] 7. The whey product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002308] 8. The whey product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002309] 9. The whey product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002310] 10. The whey product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002311] 11. The whey product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002312] 12. The whey product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002313] 13. The whey product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002314] 14. The whey product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener. [002315] 15. The whey product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002316] 16. The whey product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002317] 17. The whey product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002318] 18. The whey product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002319] 19. The whey product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002320] 20. The whey product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002321] 21. The whey product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002322] 22. The whey product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002323] 23. The whey product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002324] 24. The whey product of paragraph 1, wherein the whey product is a concentrated or non-concentrated whey product; or a canned or bottled whey product.
[002325] 25. The whey product of paragraph 1, wherein the whey product can be the whey product substitute. [002326] Set 22:
[002327] 1. A edible ice comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002328] 2. The edible ice of paragraph 1, wherein the edible ice further comprises a sugar donor.
[002329] 3. The edible ice of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002330] 4. The edible ice of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002331] 5. The edible ice of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002332] 6. The edible ice of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002333] 7. The edible ice of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002334] 8. The edible ice of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002335] 9. The edible ice of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002336] 10. The edible ice of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002337] 11. The edible ice of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002338] 12. The edible ice of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002339] 13. The edible ice of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002340] 14. The edible ice of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002341] 15. The edible ice of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002342] 16. The edible ice of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002343] 17. The edible ice of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002344] 18. The edible ice of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002345] 19. The edible ice of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002346] 20. The edible ice of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002347] 21. The edible ice of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%. [002348] 22. The edible ice of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002349] 23. The edible ice of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002350] 24. The edible ice of paragraph 1, wherein the edible ice is a concentrated or non-concentrated edible ice; or a canned or bottled edible ice.
[002351] 25. The edible ice of paragraph 1, wherein the edible ice is sherbet or sorbet.
[002352] Set AJA:
[002353] 1. A fruit product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002354] 2. The fruit product of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit product further comprises a sugar donor.
[002355] 3. The fruit product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002356] 4. The fruit product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002357] 5. The fruit product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002358] 6. The fruit product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002359] 7. The fruit product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002360] 8. The fruit product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002361] 9. The fruit product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
BOO [002362] 10. The fruit product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002363] 11. The fruit product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002364] 12. The fruit product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002365] 13. The fruit product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002366] 14. The fruit product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002367] 15. The fruit product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002368] 16. The fruit product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002369] 17. The fruit product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002370] 18. The fruit product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002371] 19. The fruit product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002372] 20. The fruit product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002373] 21. The fruit product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002374] 22. The fruit product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002375] 23. The fruit product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002376] 24. The fruit product of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit product is a concentrated or non-concentrated fruit product; or a canned or bottled fruit product.
[002377] 25. The fruit product of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit product can be a fruit product substitute.
[002378] 26. The fruit product of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit product is frozen fruit, dried fruit, or fruit in vinegar, oil or brine; or a fermented fruit product, or a cooked or a fired fruit; or a marmalade.
[002379] Set 23B:
[002380] 1. A vegetable product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002381] 2. The vegetable product of paragraph 1, wherein the vegetable product further comprises a sugar donor.
[002382] 3. The vegetable product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002383] 4. The vegetable product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002384] 5. The vegetable product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002385] 6. The vegetable product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002386] 7. The vegetable product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002387] 8. The vegetable product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002388] 9. The vegetable product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002389] 10. The vegetable product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002390] 11. The vegetable product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002391] 12. The vegetable product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002392] 13. The vegetable product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002393] 14. The vegetable product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002394] 15. The vegetable product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002395] 16. The vegetable product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia
BOB extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002396] 17. The vegetable product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002397] 18. The vegetable product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002398] 19. The vegetable product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002399] 20. The vegetable product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002400] 21. The vegetable product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002401] 22. The vegetable product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002402] 23. The vegetable product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002403] 24. The vegetable product of paragraph 1, wherein the vegetable product is a canned or bottled vegetable product.
[002404] 25. The vegetable product of paragraph 1, wherein the vegetable product is a frozen vegetable, dried vegetable, or vegetable in vinegar, oil or brine; or a fermented vegetable product, or a cooked or a fired vegetable; or a processed mushroom or fungi, or a processed root or tuber, or processed pulses or legumes.
[002405] Set 23C:
[002406] 1. A nut or seed product comprising an added Maillard reaction product. [002407] 2. The nut or seed product of paragraph 1, wherein the nut or seed product further comprises a sugar donor.
[002408] 3. The nut or seed product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002409] 4. The nut or seed product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002410] 5. The nut or seed product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002411] 6. The nut or seed product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002412] 7. The nut or seed product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002413] 8. The nut or seed product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002414] 9. The nut or seed product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002415] 10. The nut or seed product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002416] 11. The nut or seed product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [002417] 12. The nut or seed product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002418] 13. The nut or seed product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002419] 14. The nut or seed product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002420] 15. The nut or seed product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002421] 16. The nut or seed product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002422] 17. The nut or seed product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002423] 18. The nut or seed product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002424] 19. The nut or seed product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002425] 20. The nut or seed product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002426] 21. The nut or seed product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002427] 22. The nut or seed product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [002428] 23. The nut or seed product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002429] 24. The nut or seed product of paragraph 1, wherein the nut or seed product is canned or bottled nut or seed product.
[002430] 24. The nut or seed product of paragraph 1, wherein the nut or seed product can be a nut or seed product substitute.
[002431] 25. The nut or seed product of paragraph 1, wherein the nut or seed product is nut or seed puree or spread; a nut or seed pulp or preparation.
[002432] Set 24:
[002433] 1. A jam comprising a Maillard reaction product.
[002434] 2. The jam of paragraph 1, wherein the jam further comprises a sugar donor.
[002435] 3. The jam of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002436] 4. The jam of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002437] 5. The jam of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002438] 6. The jam of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002439] 7. The jam of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002440] 8. The jam of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002441] 9. The jam of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [002442] 10. The jam of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002443] 11. The jam of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002444] 12. The jam of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002445] 13. The jam of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002446] 14. The jam of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002447] 15. The jam of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002448] 16. The jam of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002449] 17. The jam of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002450] 18. The jam of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002451] 19. The jam of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof. [002452] 20. The jam of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002453] 21. The jam of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002454] 22. The jam of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002455] 23. The jam of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002456] 24. The jam of paragraph 1, wherein the jam is a concentrated or non concentrated jam; or a canned or bottled jam.
[002457] 24. The jam of paragraph 1, wherein the jam can be a jam substitute.
[002458] Set 25:
[002459] 1. A jelly comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002460] 2. The jelly of paragraph 1, wherein the jelly further comprises a sugar donor.
[002461] 3. The jelly of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002462] 4. The jelly of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002463] 5. The jelly of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002464] 6. The jelly of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002465] 7. The jelly of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002466] 8. The jelly of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin. [002467] 9. The jelly of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002468] 10. The jelly of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002469] 11. The jelly of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002470] 12. The jelly of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002471] 13. The jelly of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002472] 14. The jelly of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002473] 15. The jelly of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002474] 16. The jelly of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002475] 17. The jelly of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002476] 18. The jelly of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002477] 19. The jelly of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™
BIO allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002478] 20. The jelly of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002479] 21. The jelly of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002480] 22. The jelly of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002481] 23. The jelly of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002482] 24. The jelly of paragraph 1, wherein the jelly is a concentrated or non concentrated jelly; or a canned or bottled jelly.
[002483] 25. The jelly of paragraph 1, wherein the jelly can be a jelly substitute.
[002484] Set 26:
[002485] 1. A spread comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002486] 2. The spread of paragraph 1, wherein the spread further comprises a sugar donor.
[002487] 3. The spread of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002488] 4. The spread of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002489] 5. The spread of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002490] 6. The spread of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002491] 7. The spread of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [002492] 8. The spread of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin. 9. The spread of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002493] 10. The spread of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002494] 11. The spread of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002495] 12. The spread of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002496] 13. The spread of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002497] 14. The spread of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002498] 15. The spread of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002499] 16. The spread of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002500] 17. The spread of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002501] 18. The spread of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002502] 19. The spread of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002503] 20. The spread of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002504] 21. The spread of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002505] 22. The spread of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002506] 23. The spread of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002507] 24. The spread of paragraph 1, wherein the spread can be a spread substitute.
[002508] Set 27:
[002509] 1. A fruit topping comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002510] 2. The fruit topping of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit topping further comprises a sugar donor.
[002511] 3. The fruit topping of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002512] 4. The fruit topping of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002513] 5. The fruit topping of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002514] 6. The fruit topping of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002515] 7. The fruit topping of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
BIB [002516] 8. The fruit topping of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002517] 9. The fruit topping of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002518] 10. The fruit topping of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002519] 11. The fruit topping of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002520] 12. The fruit topping of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002521] 13. The fruit topping of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002522] 14. The fruit topping of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002523] 15. The fruit topping of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002524] 16. The fruit topping of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002525] 17. The fruit topping of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [002526] 18. The fruit topping of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002527] 19. The fruit topping of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002528] 20. The fruit topping of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002529] 21. The fruit topping of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002530] 22. The fruit topping of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002531] 23. The fruit topping of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002532] 24. The fruit topping of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit topping is a canned or bottled fruit topping.
[002533] 25. The fruit topping of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit topping can be a fruit topping substitute.
[002534] Set 28:
[002535] 1. A fruit filling comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002536] 2. The fruit filling of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit filling further comprises a sugar donor.
[002537] 3. The fruit filling of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002538] 4. The fruit filling of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002539] 5. The fruit filling of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002540] 6. The fruit filling of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002541] 7. The fruit filling of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002542] 8. The fruit filling of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002543] 9. The fruit filling of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002544] 10. The fruit filling of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002545] 11. The fruit filling of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002546] 12. The fruit filling of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002547] 13. The fruit filling of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002548] 14. The fruit filling of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002549] 15. The fruit filling of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener. [002550] 16. The fruit filling of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002551] 17. The fruit filling of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002552] 18. The fruit filling of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002553] 19. The fruit filling of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002554] 20. The fruit filling of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002555] 21. The fruit filling of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002556] 22. The fruit filling of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002557] 23. The fruit filling of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002558] 24. The fruit filling of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit filling is a canned or bottled fruit filling.
[002559] 25. The fruit filling of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit filling can be a fruit filling substitute.
[002560] 26. The fruit filling of paragraph 1, wherein the fruit filling is for pastries.
[002561] Set 29: [002562] 1. A candy comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002563] 2. The candy of paragraph 1, wherein the candy further comprises a sugar donor.
[002564] 3. The candy of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002565] 4. The candy of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002566] 5. The candy of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002567] 6. The candy of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002568] 7. The candy of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002569] 8. The candy of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002570] 9. The candy of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002571] 10. The candy of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002572] 11. The candy of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002573] 12. The candy of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin. [002574] 13. The candy of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002575] 14. The candy of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002576] 15. The candy of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002577] 16. The candy of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002578] 17. The candy of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002579] 18. The candy of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002580] 19. The candy of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002581] 20. The candy of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002582] 21. The candy of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002583] 22. The candy of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002584] 23. The candy of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002585] 24. The candy of paragraph 1, wherein the candy is a canned or bottled candy.
[002586] 25. The candy of paragraph 1, wherein the candy can be a candy substitute.
[002587] Set 30: [002588] 1. A cocoa product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002589] 2. The cocoa product of paragraph 1, wherein the cocoa product further comprises a sugar donor.
[002590] 3. The cocoa product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002591] 4. The cocoa product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002592] 5. The cocoa product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002593] 6. The cocoa product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002594] 7. The cocoa product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002595] 8. The cocoa product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002596] 9. The cocoa product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002597] 10. The cocoa product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002598] 11. The cocoa product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [002599] 12. The cocoa product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002600] 13. The cocoa product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002601] 14. The cocoa product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002602] 15. The cocoa product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002603] 16. The cocoa product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002604] 17. The cocoa product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002605] 18. The cocoa product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002606] 19. The cocoa product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002607] 20. The cocoa product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002608] 21. The cocoa product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002609] 22. The cocoa product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [002610] 23. The cocoa product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002611] 24. The cocoa product of paragraph 1, wherein the cocoa product is canned or bottled cocoa product.
[002612] 25. The cocoa product of paragraph 1, wherein the cocoa product is an imitation cocoa or a substitute.
[002613] 26. The cocoa product of paragraph 1, wherein the cocoa product is a cocoa mixer including powder or syrups; cocoa based spreads including filings; a milk chocolate bar, chocolate flakes, or white chocolate; or imitation chocolate or chocolate substitute products
[002614] Set 31:
[002615] 1. A sugar-based confectionery comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002616] 2. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 1, wherein the sugar-based confectionery further comprises a sugar donor.
[002617] 3. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002618] 4. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002619] 5. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002620] 6. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002621] 7. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002622] 8. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin. [002623] 9. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002624] 10. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002625] 11. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002626] 12. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002627] 13. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002628] 14. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002629] 15. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002630] 16. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002631] 17. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002632] 18. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin. [002633] 19. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002634] 20. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002635] 21. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002636] 22. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002637] 23. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002638] 24. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 1, wherein the sugar-based confectionery is a canned or bottled sugar-based confectionery.
[002639] 25. The sugar-based confectionery of paragraph 1, wherein the sugar-based confectionery is hard or soft candy or nougats; or a sugar-based confectionery substitute.
[002640] Set 32:
[002641] 1. A chewing gum comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002642] 2. The chewing gum of paragraph 1, wherein the chewing gum further comprises a sugar donor.
[002643] 3. The chewing gum of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002644] 4. The chewing gum of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002645] 5. The chewing gum of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002646] 6. The chewing gum of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002647] 7. The chewing gum of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002648] 8. The chewing gum of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002649] 9. The chewing gum of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002650] 10. The chewing gum of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002651] 11. The chewing gum of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002652] 12. The chewing gum of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002653] 13. The chewing gum of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002654] 14. The chewing gum of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002655] 15. The chewing gum of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener. [002656] 16. The chewing gum of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002657] 17. The chewing gum of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002658] 18. The chewing gum of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002659] 19. The chewing gum of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002660] 20. The chewing gum of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002661] 21. The chewing gum of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.22. The chewing gum of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002662] 23. The chewing gum of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002663] 24. The chewing gum of paragraph 1, wherein the chewing gum is canned or packaged chewing gum.
[002664] 25. The chewing gum of paragraph 1, wherein the chewing gum can be a chewing gum substitute.
[002665] Set 33:
[002666] 1. A decoration product comprising an added Maillard reaction product. [002667] 2. The decoration product of paragraph 1, wherein the decoration product further comprises a sugar donor.
[002668] 3. The decoration product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002669] 4. The decoration product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002670] 5. The decoration product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002671] 6. The decoration product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002672] 7. The decoration product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002673] 8. The decoration product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002674] 9. The decoration product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002675] 10. The decoration product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002676] 11. The decoration product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [002677] 12. The decoration product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002678] 13. The decoration product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002679] 14. The decoration product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002680] 15. The decoration product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002681] 16. The decoration product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002682] 17. The decoration product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002683] 18. The decoration product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002684] 19. The decoration product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002685] 20. The decoration product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002686] 21. The decoration product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002687] 22. The decoration product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [002688] 23. The decoration product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002689] 24. The decoration product of paragraph 1, wherein the decoration product is for fine bakery ware or toppings.
[002690] 25. The decoration product of paragraph 1, wherein the decoration product can be a decoration product substitute.
[002691] Set 34:
[002692] 1. A sauce comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002693] 2. The sauce of paragraph 1, wherein the sauce further comprises a sugar donor.
[002694] 3. The sauce of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002695] 4. The sauce of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002696] 5. The sauce of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002697] 6. The sauce of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002698] 7. The sauce of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002699] 8. The sauce of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002700] 9. The sauce of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002701] 10. The sauce of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002702] 11. The sauce of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002703] 12. The sauce of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002704] 13. The sauce of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002705] 14. The sauce of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002706] 15. The sauce of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002707] 16. The sauce of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002708] 17. The sauce of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002709] 18. The sauce of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002710] 19. The sauce of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002711] 20. The sauce of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures. [002712] 21. The sauce of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002713] 22. The sauce of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002714] 23. The sauce of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002715] 24. The sauce of paragraph 1, wherein the sauce is a canned or bottled sauce.
[002716] 25. The sauce of paragraph 1, wherein the sauce can be a sauce substitute.
[002717] 26. The sauce of paragraph 1, wherein the sauce is a sweet sauce.
[002718] Set 35:
[002719] 1. A grain product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002720] 2. The grain product of paragraph 1, wherein the grain product further comprises a sugar donor.
[002721] 3. The grain product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002722] 4. The grain product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002723] 5. The grain product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002724] 6. The grain product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002725] 7. The grain product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002726] 8. The grain product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002727] 9. The grain product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [002728] 10. The grain product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002729] 11. The grain product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002730] 12. The grain product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002731] 13. The grain product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002732] 14. The grain product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002733] 15. The grain product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002734] 16. The grain product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002735] 17. The grain product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002736] 18. The grain product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002737] 19. The grain product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002738] 20. The grain product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002739] 21. The grain product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002740] 22. The grain product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002741] 23. The grain product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002742] 24. The grain product of paragraph 1, wherein the grain product is a canned or bottled grain product.
[002743] 25. The grain product of paragraph 1, wherein the grain product can be a grain product substitute.
[002744] 26. The grain product of paragraph 1, wherein the grain product is a whole, milled or flaked grain including rice.
[002745] Set 36:
[002746] 1. A flour or starch comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002747] 2. The flour or starch of paragraph 1, wherein the flour or starch further comprises a sugar donor.
[002748] 3. The flour or starch of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002749] 4. The flour or starch of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002750] 5. The flour or starch of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002751] 6. The flour or starch of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002752] 7. The flour or starch of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002753] 8. The flour or starch of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002754] 9. The flour or starch of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002755] 10. The flour or starch of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002756] 11. The flour or starch of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002757] 12. The flour or starch of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002758] 13. The flour or starch of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002759] 14. The flour or starch of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002760] 15. The flour or starch of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002761] 16. The flour or starch of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002762] 17. The flour or starch of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002763] 18. The flour or starch of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002764] 19. The flour or starch of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002765] 20. The flour or starch of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002766] 21. The flour or starch of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002767] 22. The flour or starch of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002768] 23. The flour or starch of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002769] 24. The flour or starch of paragraph 1, wherein the flour or starch is a canned or bottled flour or starch.
[002770] 25. The flour or starch of paragraph 1, wherein the flour or starch can be a flour or starch substitute.
[002771] Set 37:
[002772] 1. A breakfast cereal product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002773] 2. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 1, wherein the breakfast cereal product further comprises a sugar donor. [002774] 3. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002775] 4. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002776] 5. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002777] 6. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002778] 7. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002779] 8. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002780] 9. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002781] 10. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002782] 11. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002783] 12. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin. [002784] 13. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002785] 14. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002786] 15. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002787] 16. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002788] 17. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002789] 18. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002790] 19. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002791] 20. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002792] 21. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002793] 22. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [002794] 23. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002795] 24. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 1, wherein the breakfast cereal product is a canned or packaged breakfast cereal product.
[002796] 25. The breakfast cereal product of paragraph 1, wherein the breakfast cereal product can be a breakfast cereal product substitute.
[002797] Set 38:
[002798] 1. A rolled oats product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002799] 2. The rolled oats product of paragraph 1, wherein the rolled oats product further comprises a sugar donor.
[002800] 3. The rolled oats product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002801] 4. The rolled oats product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002802] 5. The rolled oats product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002803] 6. The rolled oats product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002804] 7. The rolled oats product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002805] 8. The rolled oats product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002806] 9. The rolled oats product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [002807] 10. The rolled oats product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002808] 11. The rolled oats product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002809] 12. The rolled oats product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002810] 13. The rolled oats product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002811] 14. The rolled oats product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002812] 15. The rolled oats product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002813] 16. The rolled oats product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002814] 17. The rolled oats product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002815] 18. The rolled oats product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002816] 19. The rolled oats product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002817] 20. The rolled oats product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002818] 21. The rolled oats product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002819] 22. The rolled oats product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002820] 23. The rolled oats product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002821] 24. The rolled oats product of paragraph 1, wherein the rolled oats product is canned or packaged rolled oats product.
[002822] 25. The rolled oats product of paragraph 1, wherein the rolled oats product can be a rolled oats product substitute.
[002823] Set 39:
[002824] 1. A pasta or noodle comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002825] 2. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 1, wherein the pastas or noodle further comprises a sugar donor.
[002826] 3. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002827] 4. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002828] 5. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002829] 6. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer. [002830] 7. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002831] 8. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002832] 9. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002833] 10. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002834] 11. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002835] 12. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002836] 13. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002837] 14. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002838] 15. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002839] 16. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002840] 17. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002841] 18. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002842] 19. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002843] 20. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002844] 21. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002845] 22. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002846] 23. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002847] 24. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 1, wherein the pastas or noodle is a canned or packaged pastas or noodle.
[002848] 25. The pastas or noodle of paragraph 1, wherein the pastas or noodle can be a pastas or noodle substitute.
[002849] Set 40:
[002850] 1. A cereal comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002851] 2. The cereal of paragraph 1, wherein the cereal further comprises a sugar donor.
[002852] 3. The cereal of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer. [002853] 4. The cereal of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002854] 5. The cereal of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002855] 6. The cereal of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002856] 7. The cereal of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002857] 8. The cereal of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002858] 9. The cereal of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002859] 10. The cereal of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002860] 11. The cereal of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002861] 12. The cereal of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002862] 13. The cereal of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002863] 14. The cereal of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener. [002864] 15. The cereal of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002865] 16. The cereal of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002866] 17. The cereal of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002867] 18. The cereal of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002868] 19. The cereal of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002869] 20. The cereal of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002870] 21. The cereal of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002871] 22. The cereal of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002872] 23. The cereal of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002873] 24. The cereal of paragraph 1, wherein the cereal is a canned or packaged cereal.
[002874] 25. The cereal of paragraph 1, wherein the cereal is from roots or tubers, or pulses or legumes.
[002875] Set 41:
[002876] 1. A bread comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002877] 2. The bread of paragraph 1, wherein the bread further comprises a sugar donor. [002878] 3. The bread of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002879] 4. The bread of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002880] 5. The bread of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002881] 6. The bread of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002882] 7. The bread of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002883] 8. The bread of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002884] 9. The bread of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002885] 10. The bread of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002886] 11. The bread of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002887] 12. The bread of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002888] 13. The bread of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener. [002889] 14. The bread of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002890] 15. The bread of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002891] 16. The bread of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002892] 17. The bread of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002893] 18. The bread of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002894] 19. The bread of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002895] 20. The bread of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002896] 21. The bread of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002897] 22. The bread of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002898] 23. The bread of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002899] 24. The bread of paragraph 1, wherein the bread is a baked roll, or bread-type product such as: bread stuffing or breadcrumbs
[002900] 25. The bread of paragraph 1, wherein the bread can be a bread substitute.
[002901] Set 42:
[002902] 1. A cracker comprising an added Maillard reaction product. [002903] 2. The cracker of paragraph 1, wherein the cracker further comprises a sugar donor.
[002904] 3. The cracker of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002905] 4. The cracker of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002906] 5. The cracker of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002907] 6. The cracker of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002908] 7. The cracker of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002909] 8. The cracker of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002910] 9. The cracker of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002911] 10. The cracker of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002912] 11. The cracker of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002913] 12. The cracker of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin. [002914] 13. The cracker of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002915] 14. The cracker of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002916] 15. The cracker of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002917] 16. The cracker of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002918] 17. The cracker of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002919] 18. The cracker of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002920] 19. The cracker of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002921] 20. The cracker of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002922] 21. The cracker of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002923] 22. The cracker of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[002924] 23. The cracker of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002925] 24. The cracker of paragraph 1, wherein the cracker is a canned or packaged cracker. [002926] 25. The cracker of paragraph 1, wherein the cracker can be a cracker substitute.
[002927] Set 43:
[002928] 1. A cake comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002929] 2. The cake of paragraph 1, wherein the cake further comprises a sugar donor.
[002930] 3. The cake of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002931] 4. The cake of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002932] 5. The cake of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002933] 6. The cake of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002934] 7. The cake of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002935] 8. The cake of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[002936] 9. The cake of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002937] 10. The cake of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002938] 11. The cake of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002939] 12. The cake of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002940] 13. The cake of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002941] 14. The cake of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002942] 15. The cake of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002943] 16. The cake of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002944] 17. The cake of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002945] 18. The cake of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002946] 19. The cake of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002947] 20. The cake of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002948] 21. The cake of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002949] 22. The cake of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [002950] 23. The cake of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002951] 24. The cake of paragraph 1, wherein the cake is a canned or packaged cake.
[002952] 25. The cake of paragraph 1, wherein the cake can be a cake substitute.
[002953] Set 44:
[002954] 1. A cookie comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002955] 2. The cookie of paragraph 1, wherein the cookie further comprises a sugar donor.
[002956] 3. The cookie of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002957] 4. The cookie of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002958] 5. The cookie of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002959] 6. The cookie of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002960] 7. The cookie of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002961] 8. The cookie of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin. 9. The cookie of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002962] 10. The cookie of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002963] 11. The cookie of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002964] 12. The cookie of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002965] 13. The cookie of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002966] 14. The cookie of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002967] 15. The cookie of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002968] 16. The cookie of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002969] 17. The cookie of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002970] 18. The cookie of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002971] 19. The cookie of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002972] 20. The cookie of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002973] 21. The cookie of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002974] 22. The cookie of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [002975] 23. The cookie of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[002976] 24. The cookie of paragraph 1, wherein the cookie is a canned or packaged cookie.
[002977] 25. The cookie of paragraph 1, wherein the cookie can be a cookie substitute.
[002978] Set 45:
[002979] 1. A pie comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[002980] 2. The pie of paragraph 1, wherein the pie further comprises a sugar donor.
[002981] 3. The pie of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[002982] 4. The pie of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[002983] 5. The pie of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002984] 6. The pie of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[002985] 7. The pie of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002986] 8. The pie of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin. 9. The pie of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[002987] 10. The pie of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [002988] 11. The pie of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002989] 12. The pie of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002990] 13. The pie of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[002991] 14. The pie of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[002992] 15. The pie of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[002993] 16. The pie of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[002994] 17. The pie of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[002995] 18. The pie of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[002996] 19. The pie of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[002997] 20. The pie of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[002998] 21. The pie of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[002999] 22. The pie of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [003000] 23. The pie of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003001] 24. The pie of paragraph 1, wherein the pie is a canned or packaged pie.
[003002] 25. The pie of paragraph 1, wherein the pie is fruit-filled or a custard type.
[003003] Set 46A:
[003004] 1. A bakery ware comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003005] 2. The bakery ware of paragraph 1, wherein the bakery ware further comprises a sugar donor.
[003006] 3. The bakery ware of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003007] 4. The bakery ware of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003008] 5. The bakery ware of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003009] 6. The bakery ware of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003010] 7. The bakery ware of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003011] 8. The bakery ware of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003012] 9. The bakery ware of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003013] 10. The bakery ware of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003014] 11. The bakery ware of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003015] 12. The bakery ware of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003016] 13. The bakery ware of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003017] 14. The bakery ware of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003018] 15. The bakery ware of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003019] 16. The bakery ware of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003020] 17. The bakery ware of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003021] 18. The bakery ware of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003022] 19. The bakery ware of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof. [003023] 20. The bakery ware of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003024] 21. The bakery ware of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003025] 22. The bakery ware of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003026] 23. The bakery ware of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003027] 24. The bakery ware of paragraph 1, wherein the bakery ware is a bread or ordinary bakery ware; or
[003028] Bagels, pitta, or English muffin; or a fine bakery ware mix such as cake or a pancake mixture; doughnut; sweet roll; scone; or muffin.
[003029] Set 46B:
[003030] 1. A doughnut comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003031] 2. The doughnut of paragraph 1, wherein the doughnut further comprises a sugar donor.
[003032] 3. The doughnut of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003033] 4. The doughnut of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003034] 5. The doughnut of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003035] 6. The doughnut of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer. [003036] 7. The doughnut of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003037] 8. The doughnut of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003038] 9. The doughnut of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003039] 10. The doughnut of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003040] 11. The doughnut of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003041] 12. The doughnut of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003042] 13. The doughnut of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003043] 14. The doughnut of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003044] 15. The doughnut of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003045] 16. The doughnut of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [003046] 17. The doughnut of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003047] 18. The doughnut of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003048] 19. The doughnut of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003049] 20. The doughnut of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003050] 21. The doughnut of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003051] 22. The doughnut of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003052] 23. The doughnut of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003053] 24. The doughnut of paragraph 1, wherein the doughnut is a canned or packaged doughnut.
[003054] Set 46C:
[003055] 1. A sweet roll comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003056] 2. The sweet roll of paragraph 1, wherein the sweet roll further comprises a sugar donor.
[003057] 3. The sweet roll of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003058] 4. The sweet roll of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent. [003059] 5. The sweet roll of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003060] 6. The sweet roll of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003061] 7. The sweet roll of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003062] 8. The sweet roll of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003063] 9. The sweet roll of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003064] 10. The sweet roll of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003065] 11. The sweet roll of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003066] 12. The sweet roll of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003067] 13. The sweet roll of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003068] 14. The sweet roll of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003069] 15. The sweet roll of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener. [003070] 16. The sweet roll of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003071] 17. The sweet roll of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003072] 18. The sweet roll of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003073] 19. The sweet roll of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003074] 20. The sweet roll of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003075] 21. The sweet roll of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003076] 22. The sweet roll of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003077] 23. The sweet roll of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003078] 24. The sweet roll of paragraph 1, wherein the sweet roll is a canned or packaged sweet roll.
[003079] Set 46D:
[003080] 1. A scone comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003081] 2. The scone of paragraph 1, wherein the scone further comprises a sugar donor. [003082] 3. The scone of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003083] 4. The scone of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003084] 5. The scone of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003085] 6. The scone of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003086] 7. The scone of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003087] 8. The scone of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003088] 9. The scone of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003089] 10. The scone of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003090] 11. The scone of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003091] 12. The scone of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003092] 13. The scone of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener. [003093] 14. The scone of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003094] 15. The scone of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003095] 16. The scone of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003096] 17. The scone of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003097] 18. The scone of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003098] 19. The scone of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003099] 20. The scone of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003100] 21. The scone of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003101] 22. The scone of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003102] 23. The scone of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003103] 24. The scone of paragraph 1, wherein the scone is a canned or packaged scone.
[003104] Set 46E:
[003105] 1. A muffin comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003106] 2. The muffin of paragraph 1, wherein the muffin further comprises a sugar donor. [003107] 3. The muffin of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003108] 4. The muffin of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003109] 5. The muffin of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003110] 6. The muffin of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003111] 7. The muffin of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003112] 8. The muffin of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003113] 9. The muffin of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003114] 10. The muffin of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003115] 11. The muffin of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003116] 12. The muffin of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003117] 13. The muffin of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener. [003118] 14. The muffin of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003119] 15. The muffin of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003120] 16. The muffin of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003121] 17. The muffin of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003122] 18. The muffin of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003123] 19. The muffin of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003124] 20. The muffin of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003125] 21. The muffin of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003126] 22. The muffin of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003127] 23. The muffin of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003128] 24. The muffin of paragraph 1, wherein the muffin is a canned or packaged muffin.
[003129] Set 47:
[003130] 1. A meat product comprising an added Maillard reaction product. [003131] 2. The meat product of paragraph 1, wherein the meat product further comprises a sugar donor.
[003132] 3. The meat product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003133] 4. The meat product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003134] 5. The meat product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003135] 6. The meat product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003136] 7. The meat product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003137] 8. The meat product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003138] 9. The meat product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003139] 10. The meat product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003140] 11. The meat product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [003141] 12. The meat product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003142] 13. The meat product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003143] 14. The meat product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003144] 15. The meat product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003145] 16. The meat product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003146] 17. The meat product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003147] 18. The meat product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003148] 19. The meat product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003149] 20. The meat product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003150] 21. The meat product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003151] 22. The meat product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [003152] 23. The meat product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003153] 24. The meat product of paragraph 1, wherein the meat product is a canned or packaged meat product.
[003154] 25. The meat product of paragraph 1, wherein the meat product can be a meat product substitute.
[003155] 26. The meat product of paragraph 1, wherein the meat product is a processed meat, poultry or game product in whole pieces or cuts; or processed comminuted meat, poultry or game product.
[003156] 27. The meat product of paragraph 1, wherein the meat product is an edible casing such as a sausage casing.
[003157] Set 48:
[003158] 1. A fish product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003159] 2. The fish product of paragraph 1, wherein the fish product further comprises a sugar donor.
[003160] 3. The fish product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003161] 4. The fish product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003162] 5. The fish product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003163] 6. The fish product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003164] 7. The fish product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [003165] 8. The fish product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003166] 9. The fish product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003167] 10. The fish product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003168] 11. The fish product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003169] 12. The fish product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003170] 13. The fish product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003171] 14. The fish product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003172] 15. The fish product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003173] 16. The fish product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003174] 17. The fish product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [003175] 18. The fish product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003176] 19. The fish product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003177] 20. The fish product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003178] 21. The fish product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003179] 22. The fish product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003180] 23. The fish product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003181] 24. The fish product of paragraph 1, wherein the fish product is a canned or bottled fish product.
[003182] 25. The fish product of paragraph 1, wherein the fish product can be a fish product substitute.
[003183] 26. The fish product of paragraph 1, wherein the fish product is a processed fish or fish product, semi- preserved fish or fish product, or a fully preserved fish or fish product; or a mollusk, a crustacean or, crustaceans or echinoderms egg products.
[003184] Set 49:
[003185] 1. An egg product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003186] 2. The egg product of paragraph 1, wherein the egg product further comprises a sugar donor.
[003187] 3. The egg product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer. [003188] 4. The egg product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003189] 5. The egg product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003190] 6. The egg product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003191] 7. The egg product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003192] 8. The egg product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003193] 9. The egg product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003194] 10. The egg product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003195] 11. The egg product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003196] 12. The egg product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003197] 13. The egg product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener. [003198] 14. The egg product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003199] 15. The egg product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003200] 16. The egg product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003201] 17. The egg product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003202] 18. The egg product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003203] 19. The egg product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003204] 20. The egg product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003205] 21. The egg product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003206] 22. The egg product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003207] 23. The egg product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003208] 24. The egg product of paragraph 1, wherein the egg product is a canned or packaged egg product. [003209] 25. The egg product of paragraph 1, wherein the egg product can be an egg product substitute.
[003210] 26. The egg product of paragraph 1, wherein the egg product is preserved eggs, or egg-based desserts.
[003211] Set 50:
[003212] 1. A salt comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003213] 2. The salt of paragraph 1, wherein the salt further comprises a sugar donor.
[003214] 3. The salt of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003215] 4. The salt of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003216] 5. The salt of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003217] 6. The salt of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003218] 7. The salt of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003219] 8. The salt of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003220] 9. The salt of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003221] 10. The salt of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003222] 11. The salt of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003223] 12. The salt of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003224] 13. The salt of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003225] 14. The salt of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003226] 15. The salt of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003227] 16. The salt of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003228] 17. The salt of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003229] 18. The salt of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003230] 19. The salt of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003231] 20. The salt of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures. [003232] 21. The salt of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003233] 22. The salt of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003234] 23. The salt of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003235] 24. The salt of paragraph 1, wherein the salt is a canned or bottled salt.
[003236] 25. The salt of paragraph 1, wherein the salt can be a salt substitute.
[003237] Set 51:
[003238] 1. A seasoning comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003239] 2. The seasoning of paragraph 1, wherein the seasoning further comprises a sugar donor.
[003240] 3. The seasoning of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003241] 4. The seasoning of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003242] 5. The seasoning of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003243] 6. The seasoning of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003244] 7. The seasoning of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003245] 8. The seasoning of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003246] 9. The seasoning of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [003247] 10. The seasoning of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003248] 11. The seasoning of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003249] 12. The seasoning of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003250] 13. The seasoning of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003251] 14. The seasoning of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003252] 15. The seasoning of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003253] 16. The seasoning of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003254] 17. The seasoning of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003255] 18. The seasoning of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003256] 19. The seasoning of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003257] 20. The seasoning of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003258] 21. The seasoning of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003259] 22. The seasoning of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003260] 23. The seasoning of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003261] 24. The seasoning of paragraph 1, wherein the seasoning is a canned or bottled seasoning.
[003262] 25. The seasoning of paragraph 1, wherein the seasoning can be a seasoning substitute.
[003263] 26. The seasoning of paragraph 1, wherein the seasoning is from an herb or a spice.
[003264] Set 52:
[003265] 1. A vinegar comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003266] 2. The vinegar of paragraph 1, wherein the vinegar further comprises a sugar donor.
[003267] 3. The vinegar of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003268] 4. The vinegar of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003269] 5. The vinegar of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [003270] 6. The vinegar of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003271] 7. The vinegar of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003272] 8. The vinegar of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003273] 9. The vinegar of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003274] 10. The vinegar of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003275] 11. The vinegar of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003276] 12. The vinegar of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003277] 13. The vinegar of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003278] 14. The vinegar of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003279] 15. The vinegar of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003280] 16. The vinegar of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [003281] 17. The vinegar of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003282] 18. The vinegar of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003283] 19. The vinegar of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003284] 20. The vinegar of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003285] 21. The vinegar of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003286] 22. The vinegar of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003287] 23. The vinegar of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003288] 24. The vinegar of paragraph 1, wherein the vinegar is a canned or bottled vinegar.
[003289] 25. The vinegar of paragraph 1, wherein the vinegar can be a vinegar substitute.
[003290] Set 53:
[003291] 1. A mustard product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003292] 2. The mustard product of paragraph 1, wherein the mustard product further comprises a sugar donor.
[003293] 3. The mustard product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003294] 4. The mustard product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003295] 5. The mustard product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003296] 6. The mustard product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003297] 7. The mustard product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003298] 8. The mustard product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003299] 9. The mustard product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003300] 10. The mustard product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003301] 11. The mustard product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003302] 12. The mustard product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003303] 13. The mustard product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003304] 14. The mustard product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003305] 15. The mustard product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener. [003306] 16. The mustard product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003307] 17. The mustard product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003308] 18. The mustard product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003309] 19. The mustard product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003310] 20. The mustard product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003311] 21. The mustard product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003312] 22. The mustard product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003313] 23. The mustard product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003314] 24. The mustard product of paragraph 1, wherein the mustard product is a canned or bottled mustard product.
[003315] 25. The mustard product of paragraph 1, wherein the mustard product can be a mustard product substitute.
[003316] Set 54:
[003317] 1. A spice product comprising an added Maillard reaction product. [003318] 2. The spice product of paragraph 1, wherein the spice product further comprises a sugar donor.
[003319] 3. The spice product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003320] 4. The spice product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003321] 5. The spice product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003322] 6. The spice product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003323] 7. The spice product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003324] 8. The spice product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003325] 9. The spice product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003326] 10. The spice product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003327] 11. The spice product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [003328] 12. The spice product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003329] 13. The spice product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003330] 14. The spice product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003331] 15. The spice product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003332] 16. The spice product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003333] 17. The spice product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003334] 18. The spice product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003335] 19. The spice product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003336] 20. The spice product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003337] 21. The spice product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.22. The spice product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [003338] 23. The spice product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003339] 24. The spice product of paragraph 1, wherein the spice product is a canned or bottled spice product.
[003340] 25. The spice product of paragraph 1, wherein the spice product can be a spice product substitute.
[003341] Set 55:
[003342] 1. A soup comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003343] 2. The soup of paragraph 1, wherein the soup further comprises a sugar donor.
[003344] 3. The soup of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003345] 4. The soup of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003346] 5. The soup of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003347] 6. The soup of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003348] 7. The soup of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003349] 8. The soup of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003350] 9. The soup of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003351] 10. The soup of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003352] 11. The soup of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003353] 12. The soup of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003354] 13. The soup of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003355] 14. The soup of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003356] 15. The soup of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003357] 16. The soup of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003358] 17. The soup of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003359] 18. The soup of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003360] 19. The soup of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003361] 20. The soup of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures. [003362] 21. The soup of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003363] 22. The soup of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003364] 23. The soup of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003365] 24. The soup of paragraph 1, wherein the soup is a canned or bottled or frozen soup.
[003366] 25. The soup of paragraph 1, wherein the soup can be a soup substitute.
[003367] 26. The soup of paragraph 1, wherein the soup is ready-to-eat soup or broth; or a mix for soup or broths.
[003368] Set 56:
[003369] 1. A sauce comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003370] 2. The sauce of paragraph 1, wherein the sauce further comprises a sugar donor.
[003371] 3. The sauce of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003372] 4. The sauce of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003373] 5. The sauce of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003374] 6. The sauce of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003375] 7. The sauce of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003376] 8. The sauce of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin. [003377] 9. The sauce of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003378] 10. The sauce of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003379] 11. The sauce of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003380] 12. The sauce of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003381] 13. The sauce of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003382] 14. The sauce of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003383] 15. The sauce of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003384] 16. The sauce of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003385] 17. The sauce of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003386] 18. The sauce of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003387] 19. The sauce of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003388] 20. The sauce of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003389] 21. The sauce of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003390] 22. The sauce of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003391] 23. The sauce of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003392] 24. The sauce of paragraph 1, wherein the sauce is a canned or bottled sauce.
[003393] 25. The sauce of paragraph 1, wherein the sauce can be a sauce substitute.
[003394] 26. The sauce of paragraph 1, wherein the sauce is an emulsified sauce or non- emulsified sauce or a mix for sauce or gravy.
[003395] 27. The sauce of paragraph 26, wherein the non-emulsified sauce is a ketchup, cheese sauce, cream sauce, or brown gravy.
[003396] Set 57:
[003397] 1. A salad comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003398] 2. The salad of paragraph 1, wherein the salad further comprises a sugar donor.
[003399] 3. The salad of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003400] 4. The salad of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003401] 5. The salad of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003402] 6. The salad of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer. [003403] 7. The salad of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003404] 8. The salad of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003405] 9. The salad of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003406] 10. The salad of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003407] 11. The salad of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003408] 12. The salad of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003409] 13. The salad of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003410] 14. The salad of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003411] 15. The salad of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003412] 16. The salad of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [003413] 17. The salad of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003414] 18. The salad of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003415] 19. The salad of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003416] 20. The salad of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003417] 21. The salad of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003418] 22. The salad of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003419] 23. The salad of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003420] 24. The salad of paragraph 1, wherein the salad is a canned or packaged salad.
[003421] 25. The salad of paragraph 1, wherein the salad can be a salad substitute.
[003422] 26. The salad of paragraph 1, wherein the salad is a macaroni salad, or potato salad; or a sandwich spread.
[003423] Set 58:
[003424] 1. A yeast product comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003425] 2. The yeast product of paragraph 1, wherein the yeast product further comprises a sugar donor.
[003426] 3. The yeast product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003427] 4. The yeast product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003428] 5. The yeast product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003429] 6. The yeast product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003430] 7. The yeast product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003431] 8. The yeast product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003432] 9. The yeast product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003433] 10. The yeast product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003434] 11. The yeast product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003435] 12. The yeast product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003436] 13. The yeast product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003437] 14. The yeast product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003438] 15. The yeast product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener. [003439] 16. The yeast product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003440] 17. The yeast product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003441] 18. The yeast product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003442] 19. The yeast product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003443] 20. The yeast product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003444] 21. The yeast product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003445] 22. The yeast product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003446] 23. The yeast product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003447] 24. The yeast product of paragraph 1, wherein the yeast product is a canned or bottled yeast product.
[003448] 25. The yeast product of paragraph 1, wherein the yeast product can be a yeast product substitute.
[003449] Set 59:
[003450] 1. A protein product comprising an added Maillard reaction product. [003451] 2. The protein product of paragraph 1, wherein the protein product further comprises a sugar donor.
[003452] 3. The protein product of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003453] 4. The protein product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003454] 5. The protein product of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003455] 6. The protein product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003456] 7. The protein product of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003457] 8. The protein product of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003458] 9. The protein product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003459] 10. The protein product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003460] 11. The protein product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof. [003461] 12. The protein product of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003462] 13. The protein product of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003463] 14. The protein product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003464] 15. The protein product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003465] 16. The protein product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003466] 17. The protein product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003467] 18. The protein product of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003468] 19. The protein product of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003469] 20. The protein product of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003470] 21. The protein product of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003471] 22. The protein product of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract. [003472] 23. The protein product of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003473] 24. The protein product of paragraph 1, wherein the protein product is a canned or bottled protein product.
[003474] 25. The protein product of paragraph 1, wherein the protein product can be a protein product substitute.
[003475] Set 60:
[003476] 1. A foodstuff comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003477] 2. The foodstuff of paragraph 1, wherein the foodstuff further comprises a sugar donor.
[003478] 3. The foodstuff of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003479] 4. The foodstuff of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003480] 5. The foodstuff of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003481] 6. The foodstuff of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003482] 7. The foodstuff of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003483] 8. The foodstuff of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003484] 9. The foodstuff of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer. [003485] 10. The foodstuff of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003486] 11. The foodstuff of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003487] 12. The foodstuff of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003488] 13. The foodstuff of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003489] 14. The foodstuff of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003490] 15. The foodstuff of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003491] 16. The foodstuff of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003492] 17. The foodstuff of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003493] 18. The foodstuff of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003494] 19. The foodstuff of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003495] 20. The foodstuff of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003496] 21. The foodstuff of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003497] 22. The foodstuff of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003498] 23. The foodstuff of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003499] 24. The foodstuff of paragraph 1, wherein the foodstuff is a canned or bottled foodstuff.
[003500] 25. The foodstuff of paragraph 1, wherein the foodstuff can be a foodstuff substitute or intended for a particular nutritional use.
[003501] 26. The foodstuff of paragraph 1, wherein the foodstuff is an infant formulae or follow-up formulae; or foods for young children (weaning food); or diabetic foods intended for special medical purposes; diabetic formulae for slimming purposes or weight reduction; or other diabetic foods; or a food supplement.
[003502] Set 61:
[003503] 1. A ready-to-eat savory comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003504] 2. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 1, wherein the ready-to-eat savory further comprises a sugar donor.
[003505] 3. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003506] 4. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003507] 5. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003508] 6. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003509] 7. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003510] 8. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003511] 9. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003512] 10. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003513] 11. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003514] 12. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003515] 13. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003516] 14. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003517] 15. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003518] 16. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003519] 17. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003520] 18. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003521] 19. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]- L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003522] 20. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures.
[003523] 21. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003524] 22. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003525] 23. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003526] 24. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 1, wherein the ready-to-eat a savory is canned or bottled ready-to-eat savory.
[003527] 25. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 1, wherein the ready-to-eat savory can be a ready-to-eat savory substitute.
[003528] 26. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 1, wherein the ready-to-eat savory is a snack, potato-, cereal-, flour-, or starch-based savory.
[003529] 27. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 26, wherein the ready-to-eat savory is from roots or tubers; or pulses or legumes. [003530] 28. The ready-to-eat savory of paragraph 1, wherein the ready-to-eat savory is processed nuts, including coated nuts and nut mixtures (with e.g. dried fruit)
[003531] Set 62:
[003532] 1. A composite food comprising an added Maillard reaction product.
[003533] 2. The composite food of paragraph 1, wherein the composite food further comprises a sugar donor.
[003534] 3. The composite food of paragraph 2, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener, and/or a sweetener enhancer.
[003535] 4. The composite food of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent.
[003536] 5. The composite food of paragraph 4, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003537] 6. The composite food of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetener enhancer.
[003538] 7. The composite food of paragraph 6, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003539] 8. The composite food of paragraph 7, wherein the sweetener enhancer comprises thaumatin.
[003540] 9. The composite food of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent and a sweetener enhancer.
[003541] 10. The composite food of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [003542] 11. The composite food of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003543] 12. The composite food of paragraph 9, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003544] 13. The composite food of paragraph 3, wherein the sugar donor comprises a sweetening agent, a sweetener enhancer and a sweetener.
[003545] 14. The composite food of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener is a natural sweetener or synthetic sweetener.
[003546] 15. The composite food of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[003547] 16. The composite food of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[003548] 17. The composite food of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[003549] 18. The composite food of paragraph 17, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[003550] 19. The composite food of paragraph 14, wherein the synthetic sweetener is one or more selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, DOLCIA PRIMA™ allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, or mixtures thereof.
[003551] 20. The composite food of paragraph 19, wherein the synthetic sweetener is allulose or tagatose or their mixtures. [003552] 21. The composite food of paragraph 20, wherein the content of synthetic sweetener is above 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%.
[003553] 22. The composite food of paragraph 13, wherein the sweetening agent is a stevia extract.
[003554] 23. The composite food of paragraph 20, wherein the stevia extract is a stevia glycoside.
[003555] 24. The composite food of paragraph 1, wherein the composite food is a canned or bottled composite food.
[003556] 25. The composite food of paragraph 1, wherein the composite food is a casserole, meat pie, or mincemeat.
[003557] Set 63
[003558] 1. A composition comprising:
[003559] Maillard reaction product(s) comprising,
[003560] a stevia extract;
[003561] one or more reducing sugar(s) comprising one or more of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or mixtures thereof; and
[003562] one or more amine donor(s) comprising glutamic acid, valine, serine, proline, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, glycine, glutamine or mixtures thereof.
[003563] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the reducing sugar is galactose and the amine donor is glutamic acid.
[003564] 3. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract and/or unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003565] 4. The composition of paragraph 1, further comprising further sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003566] 5. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 4, wherein the composition has a citrus or tangerine taste.
[003567] 6. A method for preparing a citrus flavored composition, comprising the steps:
[003568] preparing a reaction mixture comprising:
[003569] a stevia extract;
[003570] one or more reducing sugar(s), ) comprising one or more of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or combinations thereof; and
[003571] one or more amine donor(s) comprising, glutamic acid, valine, serine, proline, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, glycine, glutamine or combinations thereof;
[003572] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003573] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry, wherein, optionally, the stevia extract is added during or after the completion of the conventional Maillard reaction, to form a Millard Reaction mixture composition; and
[003574] optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition.
[003575] 7. The method of paragraph 6, wherein the reducing sugar is galactose and the amine donor is glutamic acid.
[003576] 8. The method of paragraph 6, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract and/or unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003577] 9. The method of paragraph 6, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003578] 10. The method of any of paragraphs 6 through 9, wherein the Maillard
Reaction mixture has a citrus or tangerine taste.
[003579] 11. A method for improving taste and/or mouthfeel profile of a food or beverage composition, comprising the steps:
[003580] preparing a reaction mixture comprising:
[003581] a stevia extract;
[003582] one or more reducing sugar(s), ) comprising one or more of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or combinations thereof; and
[003583] one or more amine donor(s) comprising, glutamic acid, valine, serine, proline, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, glycine, glutamine;
[003584] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003585] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry, wherein, optionally, the stevia extract is added during or after the completion of the conventional Maillard reaction, to form a Millard Reaction mixture composition;
[003586] optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition; and
[003587] adding the Millard Reaction mixture composition to provide a flavor modified food or beverage composition, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved.
[003588] 12. The method of paragraph 11, wherein the reducing sugar is galactose and the amine donor is glutamic acid.
[003589] 13. The method of paragraph 11, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract and/or unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003590] 14. The method of either of paragraph 11, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003591] 15. The method of any of paragraphs 11 through 14, wherein the modified food or beverage has a citrus or tangerine taste.
[003592] 16. An improved taste and/or mouthfeel food or beverage composition, comprising:
[003593] Maillard reaction product(s) comprising,
[003594] a stevia extract;
[003595] one or more reducing sugar(s) comprising one or more of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or mixtures thereof; and
[003596] one or more amine donor(s) comprising glutamic acid, valine, serine, proline, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, glycine, glutamine or mixtures thereof.
[003597] 17. The improved food or beverage composition of paragraph 16, wherein the reducing sugar is galactose and the amine donor is glutamic acid.
[003598] 18. The improved food or beverage composition of paragraph 16, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract and/or unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003599] 19. The improved food or beverage composition of paragraph 16, further comprising further sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003600] 20. The improved food or beverage composition of any of paragraphs 16 through 19, wherein the improved food or beverage composition has a citrus or tangerine taste. [003601] Set 64
[003602] 1. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product(s) (MRPs) formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group and one or more non-nutritive sweeteners or one or more sweetener enhancer(s).
[003603] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003604] 3. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003605] 4. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003606] 5. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003607] 6. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 5, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) and/or a portion of unreacted non-nutritive sweetener(s) and/or sweetener enhancer(s) remain in the composition.
[003608] 7. The composition of paragraph 6, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003609] 8. A method for preparing a composition, the composition comprising a
Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs) and one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s), wherein the MRP(s) is formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group, comprising the steps:
[003610] preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugar(s) and one or more amine donor(s) comprising a free amino group(s);
[003611] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003612] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs);
[003613] adding the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) to the reaction solution to form a Millard Reaction mixture; and
[003614] optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition.
[003615] 9. The method of paragraph 8, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003616] 10. The method of paragraph 8, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003617] 11. The method of paragraph 8, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003618] 12. The method of paragraph 8, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003619] 13. The method of any of paragraphs 8 through 12, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) and/or a portion of unreacted non-nutritive sweetener(s) and/or sweetener enhancer(s) remain in the composition.
[003620] 14. The method of paragraph 13, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003621] 15. A method for improving taste and/or mouthfeel profile of a food or beverage composition, comprising the steps:
[003622] preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugar(s) and one or more amine donor(s) comprising a free amino group(s);
[003623] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003624] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs);
[003625] adding one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) to the reaction solution to form a Millard Reaction mixture; and
[003626] optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition; and
[003627] adding the Millard Reaction mixture to a food or beverage composition, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved.
[003628] 16. The method of paragraph 15, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003629] 7. The method of paragraph 15, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof. [003630] 18. The method of paragraph 15, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003631] 19. The method of paragraph 15, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003632] 20. The method of any of paragraphs 15 through 19, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) and/or a portion of unreacted non-nutritive sweetener(s) and/or sweetener enhancer(s) remain in the composition.
[003633] 21. The method of paragraph 20, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003634] 22. An improved taste and/or mouthfeel food or beverage composition, comprising:
[003635] Maillard reaction product(s) (MRPs) formed from:
[003636] one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group;
[003637] one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group; and
[003638] one or more non-nutritive sweeteners or one or more sweetener enhancer(s); and
[003639] a food or a beverage. [003640] 23. The improved food or beverage composition of paragraph 22, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003641] 24. The improved food or beverage composition of paragraph 22, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003642] 25. The improved food or beverage composition of paragraph 24, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003643] 26. The improved food or beverage composition of paragraph 22, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003644] 27. The improved food or beverage composition of any of paragraphs 22 through 27, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) and/or a portion of unreacted non-nutritive sweetener(s) and/or sweetener enhancer(s) remain in the composition.
[003645] 28. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 27, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003646] Set 65 [003647] 1. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product(s) of a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside(s) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof and one or more amine donor(s).
[003648] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003649] 3. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003650] 4. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003651] 5. The composition of paragraph 4, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003652] 6. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 5, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract, unreacted steviol glycoside or unreacted glycosylated steviol glycoside and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor remain in the composition.
[003653] 7. The composition of paragraph 6, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003654] 8. The composition of paragraph 6, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), steviol glycosides, one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003655] 9. A method for preparing a composition of a steviol glycoside Maillard
Reaction Product(s) (SG-MRPs) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside Maillard Reaction Product(s) (GSG-MRPs) or mixtures thereof, comprising the steps:
[003656] preparing a reaction mixture comprising a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside or mixtures thereof and one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group;
[003657] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003658] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more steviol glycoside Maillard reaction product(s) (SG-MPRs) and/or one or more glycosylated steviol glycoside Maillard reaction products (GSG-MRPs); and
[003659] optionally, isolating the SG-MRP(s) and/or GSG-MPR(s) compositions.
[003660] 10. The method of paragraph 9, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003661] 11. The method of paragraph 9, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003662] 12. The method of paragraph 9, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003663] 13. The method of paragraph 12, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003664] 14. The method of any of paragraphs 9 through 13, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted steviol glycoside or unreacted glycosylated steviol glycoside and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor remain in the SG-MRP(s) and/or GSG-MRP(s) compositiond.
[003665] 15. The method of paragraph 14, further comprising adding sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof, to the reaction solution or the SG-MRP(s) and/or GSG- MRP(s) compositiond.
[003666] 16. The composition of paragraph 14, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), steviol glycosides, one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003667] 17. A method for improving taste and/or mouthfeel profile of a food or beverage composition, comprising the steps:
[003668] preparing a reaction mixture comprising a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside or mixtures thereof and one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group;
[003669] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003670] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more steviol glycoside Maillard reaction product(s) (SG-MPRs) and/or one or more glycosylated steviol glycoside Maillard reaction products (GSG-MRPs), optionally isolating the SG-MPR(s) and/or GSG-MRP(s) compositions; and [003671] adding the one or more SG-MRP(s) and/or GSG-MRP(s) to a food or beverage composition, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved.
[003672] 18. The method of paragraph 17, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003673] 19. The method of paragraph 17, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003674] 20. The method of paragraph 17, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003675] 21. The method of paragraph 20, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003676] 22. The method of any of paragraphs 17 through 21, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted steviol glycoside or unreacted glycosylated steviol glycoside and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor remain in the SG-MRP(s) and/or GSG-MRP(s) compositions.
[003677] 23. The method of paragraph 15, further comprising adding sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof, to the reaction solution or the SG-MRP(s) and/or GSG- MRP(s) composition.
[003678] 24. The composition of paragraph 22, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), steviol glycosides, one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003679] 25. An improved taste and/or mouthfeel food or beverage composition, comprising:
[003680] Maillard reaction product(s) comprising,
[003681] a stevia extract;
[003682] a steviol glycoside(s) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof; and
[003683] one or more amine donor(s); and
[003684] a food or a beverage.
[003685] 26. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 25, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003686] 27. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 25, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003687] 28. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 25, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003688] 29. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003689] 30. The improved food or beverage of any of paragraphs 25 through 29, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract, unreacted steviol glycoside or unreacted glycosylated steviol glycoside and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor remain in the composition.
[003690] 31. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 30, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003691] 32. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 30, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), steviol glycosides, one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003692] Set 66
[003693] 1. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product(s) (MRPs) formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) or mixtures thereof having a free amino group and Maillard reaction product(s) formed from one or more of a stevia extract (stevia-MPRs), a steviol glycoside(s) (SG-MRPs) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) (GSG-MRPs) and one or more amine donors or mixtures thereof.
[003694] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003695] 3. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003696] 4. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003697] 5. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003698] 6. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003699] 7. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 6, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s), stevia extract, steviol glycoside(s), glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003700] 8. The composition of paragraph 7, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003701] 9. The composition of paragraph 7, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003702] 10. A method for preparing a composition, the composition comprising a reducing sugar based Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs) and a Maillard Reaction Product of a stevia extract (stevia-MRPs), a steviol glycoside(s) (SG-MRPs) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) (GSG-MRPs) or mixtures thereof and one or more amine donor(s), wherein the reducing sugar based MRP(s) is formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group, comprising the steps:
[003703] preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugar(s), one or more of stevia extract, a steviol glycoside(s) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) and one or more amine donor(s) comprising a free amino group(s);
[003704] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003705] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more reducing sugar Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs) and one or more stevia-MRP(s), SG-MRP(s) and/or GSG-MRP(s), wherein optionally, the stevia extract, the steviol glycoside(s) and/or the glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) is added during or after the completion of the conventional Maillard reaction, to form a Millard Reaction mixture composition; and
[003706] optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition.
[003707] 11. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003708] 12. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003709] 13. The method of paragraph 12, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003710] 14. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003711] 15. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003712] 16. The method of any of paragraphs 10 through 15, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003713] 17. The method of paragraph 16, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003714] 18. The method of paragraph 16, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003715] 19. A method for improving taste and/or mouthfeel profile of a food or beverage composition, comprising the steps:
[003716] preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugar(s), one or more of a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside(s) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) and one or more amine donor(s) comprising a free amino group(s);
[003717] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003718] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more reducing sugar Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs) and Maillard Reaction Product(s) of the stevia extract (stevia-MRPs), the steviol glycoside(s) (SG-MRPs) and/or the glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) (GSG-MRPs), wherein optionally, the stevia extract, the steviol glycoside(s) and/or the glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) is added during or after the completion of the conventional Maillard reaction, to form a Millard Reaction mixture composition; [003719] optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition; and
[003720] adding the Millard Reaction mixture composition to a food or beverage composition, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved.
[003721] 20. The method of paragraph 19, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003722] 21. The method of paragraph 19, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003723] 22. The method of paragraph 21, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003724] 23. The method of paragraph 19, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003725] 24. The method of paragraph 19, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003726] 25. The method of any of paragraphs 19 through 24, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003727] 26. The method of paragraph 15, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof. [003728] 27. The method of paragraph 25, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003729] 28. An improved taste and/or mouthfeel food or beverage composition, comprising:
[003730] Maillard reaction product(s) (MRPs) formed from:
[003731] one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group; and
[003732] one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group or mixtures thereof; and
[003733] Maillard reaction product(s) formed from one or more of a stevia extract (stevia-
MPRs), a steviol glycoside(s) (SG-MRPs) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) (GSG-MRPs); and
[003734] one or more amine donors or mixtures thereof; and
[003735] a food or beverage product.
[003736] 29. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003737] 30. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003738] 31. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 30, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003739] 32. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003740] 33. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003741] 34. The improved food or beverage of any of paragraphs 28 through 33, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s), stevia extract, steviol glycoside(s), glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003742] 35. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 34, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003743] 36. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 34, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003744] Set 67
[003745] 1. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product(s) (MRPs) formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group and a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside(s) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof.
[003746] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003747] 3. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof. [003748] 4. The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003749] 5. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003750] 6. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003751] 7. The composition of any of paragraphs 1 through 6, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003752] 8. The composition of paragraph 7, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003753] 9. The composition of paragraph 7, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003754] 10. A method for preparing a composition, the composition comprising a
Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs) and a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside(s) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof, wherein the MRP(s) is formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group, comprising the steps:
[003755] preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugar(s) and one or more amine donor(s) comprising a free amino group(s);
[003756] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003757] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs);
[003758] adding the stevia extract, the steviol glycoside(s) and/or the glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof to the reaction solution to form a Millard Reaction mixture, wherein, optionally, the stevia extract, the steviol glycoside(s) and/or the glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof is added during or after the completion of the conventional Maillard reaction; and
[003759] optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition.
[003760] 11. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003761] 12. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003762] 13. The method of paragraph 12, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003763] 14. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003764] 15. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003765] 16. The method of any of paragraphs 10 through 15, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003766] 17. The method of paragraph 16, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003767] 18. The method of paragraph 16, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003768] 19. A method for improving taste and/or mouthfeel profile of a food or beverage composition, comprising the steps:
[003769] preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugar(s) and one or more amine donor(s) comprising a free amino group(s);
[003770] optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
[003771] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs);
[003772] adding a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside(s) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof to the reaction solution to form a Millard Reaction mixture, wherein, optionally, the stevia extract, the steviol glycoside(s) and/or the glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof is added during or after the completion of the conventional Maillard reaction;
[003773] optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition; and [003774] adding the Millard Reaction mixture to a food or beverage composition, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved.
[003775] 20. The method of paragraph 19, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003776] 21. The method of paragraph 19, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003777] 22. The method of paragraph 21, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003778] 23. The method of paragraph 19, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003779] 24. The method of paragraph 19, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[003780] 25. The method of any of paragraphs 19 through 24, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003781] 26. The method of paragraph 15, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof. [003782] 27. The method of paragraph 25, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003783] 28. An improved taste and/or mouthfeel food or beverage composition, comprising:
[003784] Maillard reaction product(s) (MRPs) formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group;
[003785] a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside(s) and/or a glycosylated steviol glycoside(s) or mixtures thereof; and
[003786] a food or a beverage.
[003787] 29. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
[003788] 30. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003789] 31. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 30, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[003790] 32. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the steviol glycoside comprises rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[003791] 33. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 28, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside comprises glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof. [003792] 34. The improved food or beverage of any of paragraphs 28 through 33, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
[003793] 35. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 34, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[003794] 36. The improved food or beverage of paragraph 34, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
[003795] 1. A beverage comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003796] (1) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, and
[003797] (2) one or more amine donors having a free amino group.
[003798] 2. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition is present in the beverage in a final concentration of 1-15,000 ppm.
[003799] 3. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[003800] 4. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) or both.
[003801] 5. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[003802] 6. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a high intensity natural sweetener, wherein the natural high intensity sweetener comprises one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides and combinations thereof.
[003803] 7. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, NHDC, thaumatin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[003804] 8. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[003805] 9. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[003806] 10. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[003807] 11. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[003808] 12. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[003809] 13. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product
[003810] 14. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[003811] 15. A beverage comprising:
[003812] (1) an added Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and one or more amine donors having a free amino group, and [003813] (2) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, wherein the MRP composition is present in the beverage in a final concentration of 1-15,000 ppm.
[003814] 16. The beverage of Paragraph 15, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003815] 17. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003816] 18. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[003817] 19. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage further comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, NHDC, thaumatin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[003818] 20. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[003819] 21. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[003820] 22. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[003821] 23. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[003822] 24. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice. [003823] 25. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product
[003824] 26. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[003825] In another set of embodiments, 1. A beverage comprising:
[003826] an added Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003827] (1) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides and combinations thereof; and
[003828] (2) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[003829] wherein the MRP composition comprises an Amadori product, and wherein the MRP composition is present in the beverage in a final concentration of 1-15,000 ppm.
[003830] 2. The beverage of Paragraph 1, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003831] 3. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[003832] 4. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid selected from the group consistin of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine and valine
[003833] 5. The beverage of Paragraph 4, wherein the one or more amine donors further comprise thaumatin.
[003834] 6. The beverage of Paragraph 1, further comprising a sweetener, sweetener enhancer and/or flavoring agent selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, NHDC, thaumatin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame and combinations thereof.
[003835] 7. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[003836] 8. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[003837] 9. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[003838] 10. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[003839] 11. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[003840] 12. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product
[003841] 13. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[003842] 14. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the Amadori product is an Amadori product of RA, RB or RM.
[003843] 15. A beverage comprising:
[003844] an added Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003845] (1) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides and combinations thereof;
[003846] (2) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group; and
[003847] (3) one or more amine donors having a free amino group, [003848] wherein the MRP composition comprises an Amadori product, and wherein the MRP composition is present in the beverage in a final concentration of 1-15,000 ppm.
[003849] 16. The beverage of Paragraph 15, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003850] 17. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[003851] 18. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid selected from the group consistin of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine and valine.
[003852] 19. The beverage of Paragraph 18, wherein the one or more amine donors further comprise thaumatin.
[003853] 20. The beverage of Paragraph 15, further comprising a sweetener, sweetener enhancer and/or flavoring agent selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, thaumatin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame and combinations thereof.
[003854] 21. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[003855] 22. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[003856] 23. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[003857] 24. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water. [003858] 25. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[003859] 26. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product
[003860] 27. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[003861] 28. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the Amadori products are one or more Amadori products form from RA, RB,RD,RE, Rl or RM.
[003862] In yet another set of embodiments, 1. A sweetener or flavoring agent composition comprising:
[003863] (1) a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003864] (a) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and
[003865] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[003866] (2) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[003867] wherein the MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt %.
[003868] 2. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[003869] 3. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[003870] 4. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, further comprising one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol, advantame, and combinations thereof.
[003871] 5. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[003872] 6. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the
MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[003873] 7. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the
MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt %.
[003874] 8. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the
MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 1-99 wt %.
[003875] 9. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003876] 10. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid selected from the group consistin of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine and valine.
[003877] 11. A sweetener or flavoring agent composition comprising:
[003878] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003879] (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, and
[003880] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[003881] (2) a second component comprising one or more sweeteners, [003882] wherein the first and second components are present in the sweetener composition in a concentration range of 1-100 wt % of the sweetener composition.
[003883] 12. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 0.01-99 wt %.
[003884] 13. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction misture further comprises:
[003885] (C) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[003886] 14. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl malto and advantame.
[003887] 15. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[003888] 16. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[003889] 17. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[003890] 18. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 0.1- 99 wt %.
[003891] 19. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof. [003892] 20. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid selected from the group consistin of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine and valine.
[003893] In yet another set of embodiments, 1. A dough comprising:
[003894] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003895] (a) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and
[003896] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[003897] (2) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[003898] wherein the first and second components are present in the dough in a concentration range of 0.0001-20 wt % of the dough.
[003899] 2. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[003900] 3. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[003901] 4. The dough of Paragraph 1, further comprising one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[003902] 5. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both. [003903] 6. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the first component is present in the dough in an I amount in the range of 0.0001-1 wt % of the dough.
[003904] 7. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003905] 8. The dough of paragraph 1, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[003906] 9. The dough of paragraph 1, further comprising a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, swingle extracts, sweet tea glycosides, mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, and glycosylated mogrosides.
[003907] 10. A bakery product made from the dough of Paragraph 1.
[003908] 11. A dough comprising:
[003909] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003910] (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, and
[003911] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[003912] (2) a second component comprising one or more sweeteners,
[003913] wherein the first and second components are present in the dough in a concentration range of 0.0001-50 wt % of the dough.
[003914] 2. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[003915] 13. The dough of paragraph 12, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[003916] 14. The dough of Paragraph 11, further comprising thaumatin. [003917] 15. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003918] 16. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[003919] 17. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the first component is present in the dough in a concentration range of 0.001-20 wt % of the dough.
[003920] 18. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the first component is present in the dough in an amount in the range of 0.01-2 wt % of the dough.
[003921] 19. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003922] 20. A bakery product made from the dough of Paragraph 11.
[003923] In another set of embodiments, 1. A dairy product comprising:
[003924] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003925] (a) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and
[003926] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[003927] (2) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[003928] wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.0001-10 wt % of the dairy product. [003929] 2. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the dairy product is a pasteurized or sterilized dairy product and wherein the MRP composition is formed prior to pasteurization or sterilization.
[003930] 3. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003931] 4. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[003932] 5. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, further comprising thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[003933] 6. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, further comprising one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[003934] 7. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.001-2 wt % of the dairy product
[003935] 8. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.01-1 wt % of the dairy product
[003936] 9. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003937] 10. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[003938] 11. A dairy product comprising: [003939] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003940] (i) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, and
[003941] (ii) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[003942] (2) a second component comprising one or more sweeteners,
[003943] wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.0001-10 wt % of the dairy product.
[003944] 12. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the dairy product is a pasteurized or sterilized dairy product and wherein the MRP composition is formed prior to pasteurization or sterilization.
[003945] 13. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003946] 14. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[003947] 15. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise thaumatin, NHDC, or both
[003948] 16. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[003949] 17. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.001-2 wt % of the dairy product
[003950] 18. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the first component is present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.001-1 wt % of the dairy product [003951] 19. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003952] 20. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[003953] In still another set of embodiments, 1. A food product comprising:
[003954] one or more non-volatile compounds of a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003955] (i) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides; and
[003956] (ii) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[003957] wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the food product in an amount in the range of 0.0001-99 wt % of the food product.
[003958] 2. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[003959] 3. The food product of Paragraph 1, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003960] 4. The foodproduct of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises thaumatin, NHDC, or both.
[003961] 5. The food product of Paragraph 1, further comprising a sweetener.
[003962] 6. The food product of Paragraph 5, wherein the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3- hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame. [003963] 7. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the food product in a concentration range of 0.001-20 wt % of the food product.
[003964] 8. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the food product in a concentration range of 0.01-2 wt % of the food product.
[003965] 9. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003966] 10. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars, and wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[003967] 11. A beverage comprising:
[003968] one or more non-volatile compounds of a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003969] (i) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides; and
[003970] (ii) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[003971] wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the beverage in an final concentration in the range of 1 ppm -15,000 ppm.
[003972] 12. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[003973] 13. The beverage of Paragraph 11, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003974] 14. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[003975] 15. The beverage of Paragraph 11, further comprising a sweetener. [003976] 16. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[003977] 17. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[003978] 18. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[003979] 19. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[003980] 20. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[003981] In still yet another set of embodiments 1. A composition comprising:
[003982] a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[003983] (A) a non-Stevia sweetening agent;
[003984] (B) a reducing sugar having a free carbonyl group; and
[003985] (C) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[003986] wherein the non-Stevia sweetening agent is selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, glycyrrhizine, glycosylated glycyrrhizinse, rubusoside, glycosylated rubusoside, suaviosides, glycosylated suaviosides, mogrosides, glycosylated mogrosides and sucralose, and
[003987] wherein the MRP composition is present in the composition in an amount in the range of 0.0001-100 wt %. [003988] 2. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the composition is a sweetener composition and wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-100 wt %.
[003989] 3. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the composition is a food product and wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.001-1 wt %.
[003990] 4. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the composition is a bakery product and wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.001-1 wt %.
[003991] 5. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the composition is a dairy product and wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.0001-1 wt %.
[003992] 6. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[003993] 7. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors consist of thaumatin.
[003994] 8. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[003995] 9. The composition of Paragraph 1, further comprising one or more sweetening agents selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[003996] 10. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[003997] 11. A beverage comprising:
[003998] a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising: [003999] (A) a non-Stevia sweetening agent;
[004000] (B) a reducing sugar having a free carbonyl group; and
[004001] (C) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004002] wherein the non-Stevia sweetening agent is selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, glycyrrhizin, glycosylated glycyrrhizinse, rubusoside, glycosylated rubusoside, suaviosides, glycosylated suaviosides, mogrosides, glycosylated mogrosides and sucralose,
[004003] wherein the MRP composition is present in the the beverage in an final concentration in the range of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004004] 12. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 10-10,000 ppm.
[004005] 13. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004006] 14. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors consist of thaumatin.
[004007] 15. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004008] 16. The beverage of Paragraph 11, further comprising a sweetening agent selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringer dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004009] 17. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans. [004010] 18. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004011] 19. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004012] 20. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004013] In yet another set of embodiments, 1. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, comprising the steps of:
[004014] adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition to the beverage, wherein the MRP composition is produced by:
[004015] (1) heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides and (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group; or
[004016] (2) heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group, and (c) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group.
[004017] 2. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition is added to the beverage in a final concentration in the range of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004018] 3. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004019] 4. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin and an amino acid.
[004020] 5. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of adding one or more sweeteners to the beverage, wherein the one or more sweeteners are added concurrently with, or separately from, the MRP composition. [004021] 6. The method of Paragraph 5, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, sweet tea glycosides, steviol glycosides mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004022] 7. The method of Paragraph 6, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004023] 8. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004024] 9. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004025] 10. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004026] 11. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage, a flavored water, a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004027] 12. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, comprising the steps of:
[004028] adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition to the beverage, wherein the MRP composition is produced by heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group and (b) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group.
[004029] 13. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the MRP composition is added to the beverage in a final concentration in the range of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004030] 14. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin. [004031] 15 The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin and an amino acid.
[004032] 16. The method of Paragraph 12, further comprising the step of adding one or more sweeteners to the beverage, wherein the one or more sweeteners are added concurrently with, or separately from, the MRP composition.
[004033] 17. The method of Paragraph 16, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, sweet tea glycosides, steviol glycosides mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004034] 18. The method of Paragraph 17, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004035] 19. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004036] 20. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004037] 21. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004038] 22. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage, a flavored water, a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004039] Still another set of embodiments, include l.A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, comprising the steps of:
[004040] (1) adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition to the beverage, wherein the MRP composition is produced by heating a reaction mixture comprising (A) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group and (B) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group at a temperature for a period of time sufficient to initiate a Maillard reaction; and
[004041] (2) adding a sweetener composition to the beverage, wherein the sweetener comprising one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides to produce a final product,
[004042] wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in a concentration of 0.1-15,000 ppm.
[004043] 2. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004044] 3. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004045] 4. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the sweetener composition comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004046] 5. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004047] 6. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004048] 7. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the final product does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004049] 8. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans. [004050] 9. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004051] 10. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004052] 11. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of adding thaumatin, or NHDC, or both thaumatin and NHDC, to the beverage.
[004053] 12. A method for improving the taste profile of a bakery product, comprising:
[004054] (1) preparing a dough comprising :
[004055] (A) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004056] (a) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and
[004057] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004058] (B) a second component comprising one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[004059] wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.001-20 wt % of the dough, and
[004060] (2) baking the dough to produce the bakery product.
[004061] 13. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004062] 14. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004063] 15. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the dough further comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame. [004064] 16. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the first and second components are present in the dough in a concentration range of 0.01-10 wt % of the dough.
[004065] 17. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the first component is present in the dough in an I amount in the range of 0.0001-1 wt % of the dough.
[004066] 18. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004067] 19. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004068] 20. The method of paragraph 12, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[004069] 21. The method of paragraph 12, wherein the dough further comprises a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, swingle extracts, sweet tea glycosides, mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, and glycosylated mogrosides.
[004070] Another set of embodiments include: 1. A method for improving the taste of mouth feel of a profile of a food product, comprising:
[004071] adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition during preparation of the food product to produce a final product, wherein the MRP composition is produced by
[004072] (1) heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides ,and (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group; or
[004073] (2) heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group, and (c) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group; or
[004074] (3) heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group, (c) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group, and (d) thaumatin.
[004075] 2. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise (1) thaumatin or (2) an amino acid and and thaumatin.
[004076] 3. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of adding thaumatin to the food, wherein thaumatin is added concurrently with, or separately from, the MRP composition.
[004077] 4. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of adding one or more sweeteners during preparation of the food product, wherein the one or more sweeteners are added concurrently with, or separately from, the MRP composition.
[004078] 5. The method of Paragraph 4, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, Stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, sweet tea glycosides, steviol glycosides mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004079] 6. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in an amount in the range of 0.0001-20 wt %.
[004080] 7. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004081] 8. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of:
[004082] adding thaumatin, or NHDC, or both, during preparation of the food product
[004083] 9. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the food product is a bakery product.
[004084] 10. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the food product is a dairy product. [004085] 11. A method for improving the taste of mouth feel of a profile of a sweetener composition, comprising:
[004086] adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition to the sweetener composition to produce a final product, wherein the MRP composition is produced by heating a reaction mixture comprising:
[004087] (1) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group; and
[004088] (2) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[004089] wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in an amount of 0.0001-10 wt %.
[004090] 12. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004091] 13. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004092] 14. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004093] 15. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in an amount of 0.001-1 wt %.
[004094] 16. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in an amount of 0.01-1 wt %.
[004095] 17. The method of paragraph 11, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[004096] 18. The method of paragraph 11, wherein the sweetener comprises one or more components selected from a Stevia extract, a sweet tea extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea glycoside, a mogrosides, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside, acesulfame K, Sucralose, sodium saccharin, Aspartame, or combinations thereof.
[004097] 19. The method of Paragraph 11, further comprising the step of:
[004098] adding thaumatin, or NHDC, or both, during preparation of the sweetener. [004099] 20. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004100] Still another set of embodiments include: l.A product preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more sweeteners, one or more amine donors and optionally one or more reducing sugars.
[004101] 2. A product according to paragraph 1, wherein at least one sweetener is a non-sugar sweetener.
[004102] 3. A product according to paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, wherein at least one sweetener is a terpenoid sweetener or a terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004103] 4. A product according to paragraph 3, wherein at least one sweetener is a steviol glycoside, a sweet tea glycoside or a mogroside.
[004104] 5. A product according to paragraph 4, wherein at least one sweetener is a steviol glycoside.
[004105] 6. A product according to paragraph 3, wherein at least one sweetener is a sweet tea glycoside, a mogroside or glycyrrhizin.
[004106] 7. A product according to any one of paragraphs 3 to 6, wherein at least one sweetener is a naturally occurring terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004107] 8. A product according to any one of paragraphs 3 to 7, wherein at least one sweetener is a glycosylated terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004108] 9. A product according to paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, wherein at least one sweetener is sucralose.
[004109] 10. A product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004110] 11. A product according to paragraph 10, wherein at least one amine donor is
L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-threonine or L- valine.
[004111] 12. A product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 11, wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin. [004112] 13. A product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 12, wherein at least one amine donor is provided in the form of a yeast extract.
[004113] 14. A product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 13, wherein the product is preparable by the reaction of the starting materials in a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises the starting materials, one or more solvents and optionally one or more additional acids or bases.
[004114] 15. A product according to paragraph 14, wherein at least one solvent is water.
[004115] 16. A product according to paragraph 14 or paragraph 15, wherein the total amount of the starting materials constitutes from 1 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
[004116] 17. A product according to any one of paragraphs 14 to 16, wherein the product is preparable by the steps of (i) reacting the starting materials in the reaction mixture; and (ii) removing the one or more solvents from the reaction mixture to afford the product.
[004117] 18. A product according to paragraph 17, wherein the one or more solvents are removed by spray drying the reaction mixture.
[004118] 19. A product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 18, wherein the product is preparable by the reaction of the starting materials at a temperature of from 60 to 150°C, for a reaction period of from 30 minutes to 24 hours.
[004119] 20. A product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 19, wherein the product is a Maillard reaction product, or a mixture of Maillard reaction products.
[004120] 21. A product according to paragraph 20, wherein the product comprises at least one Amadori product.
[004121] 22. A product according to paragraph 20 or paragraph 21, wherein the product comprises one or more non-volatile compounds.
[004122] 23. A product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 22, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more sweeteners and one or more amine donors, but substantially no reducing sugars.
[004123] 24. A product according to paragraph 23, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sweeteners to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 99:1 to 4:1 by weight. [004124] 25. A product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 22, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more sweeteners, one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004125] 26. A product according to paragraph 25, wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004126] 27. A product according to paragraph 25 or paragraph 26, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D-glucose, D- mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004127] 28. A product according to any one of paragraphs 25 to 27, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sweeteners to the total combined amount of the one or more amine donors and the one or more reducing sugars in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 20:80 by weight.
[004128] 29. A product according to any one of paragraphs 25 to 28, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 10:90 by weight.
[004129] 30. A method of preparing a product according to any one of paragraphs 1 to
29, wherein the method comprises the step of reacting the starting materials to afford the product.
[004130] 31. A method according to paragraph 30, wherein the method is a method of increasing the taste and/or smell of the one or more sweeteners of the starting materials by preparing the product.
[004131] 32. A method according to paragraph 30 or paragraph 31, wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the one or more sweeteners of the starting materials by preparing the product.
[004132] 33. A method according to paragraph 31 or paragraph 32, wherein the product is a product according to any one of paragraphs 25 to 29.
[004133] 34. A method according to paragraph 30, wherein the method is a method of reducing the aftertaste and/or the extent of taste lingering of the one or more sweeteners of the starting materials. [004134] 35. A method according to paragraph 34, wherein the product is a product according to paragraph 23 or paragraph 24.
[004135] 36. A food or beverage comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 29.
[004136] 37. A food or beverage according to paragraph 36, wherein the total amount of the one or more products constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004137] 38. A food or beverage precursor comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 29.
[004138] 39. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 38, wherein the total amount of the one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 29 constitutes from 0.0001 to 15 wt. % of the precursor.
[004139] 40. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 38 or paragraph 39, wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004140] 41. A method of modulating one or more sensory properties of a food or a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the food, beverage, or food or beverage ingredients, one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 29.
[004141] 42. A method according to paragraph 41, wherein the method is a method of sweetening the food or beverage.
[004142] 43. A method according to paragraph 41 or paragraph 42, wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the food or beverage.
[004143] 44. A composition comprising one or more sweeteners, one or more amine donors and optionally one or more reducing sugars.
[004144] 45. A composition according to paragraph 44, wherein the composition comprises one or more sweeteners and one or more amine donors, but substantially no reducing sugars.
[004145] 46. A composition according to paragraph 45, wherein the composition is suitable for use as a blend of starting materials to manufacture the product of paragraph 23 or paragraph 24. [004146] 47. A composition according to paragraph 44, wherein the composition comprises one or more sweeteners, one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004147] 48. A composition according to paragraph 47, wherein the composition is suitable for use as a blend of starting materials to manufacture the product of any one of paragraphs 25 to 29.
[004148] 49. A composition comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 29, and one or more additional components that are suitable for human consumption.
[004149] 50. A composition according to paragraph 49, wherein the composition is suitable for use as a sweetener or a flavouring agent.
[004150] 51. A composition according to paragraph 49 or paragraph 50, wherein the total amount of the one or more products constitutes at least 1 wt. % of the composition.
[004151] 52. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 49 to 51, wherein the one or more additional components are selected from the group consisting of co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and non-sweetening food or drink additives.
[004152] 53. A composition according to paragraph 52, wherein the composition comprises one or more sweetener enhancers.
[004153] 54. A composition according to paragraph 53, wherein the composition comprises thaumatin.
[004154] 55. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 49 to 54, comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 25 to 29, and one or more co-sweeteners.
[004155] 56. A composition according to paragraph 55, wherein at least one co sweetener is a terpenoid sweetener or a terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004156] 57. A composition according to paragraph 56, wherein at least one co sweetener is a steviol glycoside, a sweet tea glycoside or a mogroside.
[004157] 58. A composition according to paragraph 56 or paragraph 57, wherein at least one co sweetener is a naturally occurring terpenoid glycoside sweetener. [004158] 59. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 56 to 58, wherein at least one co sweetener is a glycosylated terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004159] 60. A composition according to paragraph 55, wherein at least one co sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[004160] 61. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 55 to 60, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more products to the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners is from 1:99 to 99:1 by weight.
[004161] 62. A method of preparing a composition according to any one of paragraphs
49 to 61, wherein the method comprises combining one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 29, with one or more additional components that are suitable for human consumption.
[004162] 63. A method of preparing a composition according to any one of paragraphs
55 to 61, wherein the method comprises combining one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 25 to 29, with one or more co-sweeteners.
[004163] 64. A method according to paragraph 63, wherein the method is a method of increasing the taste and/or smell of the one or more co-sweeteners.
[004164] 65. A method according to paragraph 63 or paragraph 64, wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the one or more co-sweeteners.
[004165] 66. A method according to any one of paragraphs 63 to 65, wherein the method is a method of reducing the aftertaste and/or the extent of taste lingering of the one or more co-sweeteners.
[004166] 67. A food or beverage comprising one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs 49 to 61.
[004167] 68. A food or beverage according to paragraph 67, wherein the total amount of the one or more compositions constitutes from 0.0001 to 10 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004168] 69. A food or beverage precursor comprising one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs 49 to 61. [004169] 70. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 69, wherein the total amount of the one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs 49 to 61 constitutes from 0.0001 to 50 wt. % of the precursor.
[004170] 71. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 69 or paragraph 70, wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004171] 72. A method of modulating one or more sensory properties of a food or a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the food, beverage, or food or beverage ingredients, one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs 49 to 61.
[004172] 73. A method according to paragraph 72, wherein the method is a method of sweetening the food or beverage.
[004173] 74. A method according to paragraph 72 or paragraph 73, wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the food or beverage.
[004174] 75. A product preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004175] 76. A product according to paragraph 75, wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004176] 77. A product according to paragraph 75 or paragraph 76, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D-glucose, D- mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004177] 78. A product according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 77, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 75:25 to 50:50 by weight.
[004178] 79. A product according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 78, wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004179] 80. A product according to paragraph 79, wherein at least one amine donor is
L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline or L-valine.
[004180] 81. A product according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 80, wherein the product is preparable by the reaction of the starting materials in a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises the starting materials, one or more solvents and optionally one or more additional acids or bases.
[004181] 82. A product according to paragraph 81, wherein at least one solvent is water.
[004182] 83. A product according to paragraph 81 or paragraph 82, wherein the total amount of the starting materials constitutes from 1 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
[004183] 84. A product according to any one of paragraphs 81 to 83, wherein the product is preparable by the steps of (i) reacting the starting materials in the reaction mixture; and (ii) removing the one or more solvents from the reaction mixture to afford the product.
[004184] 85. A product according to paragraph 84, wherein the one or more solvents are removed by spray drying the reaction mixture.
[004185] 86. A product according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 85, wherein the product is preparable by the reaction of the starting materials at a temperature of from 60 to 150°C, for a reaction period of from 30 minutes to 24 hours.
[004186] 87. A method of preparing a product according to any one of paragraphs 75 to
86, wherein the method comprises the step of reacting the starting materials to afford the product.
[004187] 88. A food or beverage comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 87.
[004188] 89. A food or beverage according to paragraph 88, wherein the total amount of the one or more products constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.0 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004189] 90. A food or beverage precursor comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 87.
[004190] 91. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 90, wherein the total amount of the one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 87 constitutes from 0.0001 to 15 wt. % of the precursor.
[004191] 92. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 90 or paragraph 91, wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing. [004192] 93. A method of modulating one or more sensory properties of a food or a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the food, beverage, or food or beverage ingredients, one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 87.
[004193] 94. A method according to paragraph 93, wherein the method is a method of sweetening the food or beverage.
[004194] 95. A method according to paragraph 93 or paragraph 94, wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the food or beverage.
[004195] 96. A composition comprising one or more sweeteners and one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 87.
[004196] 97. A composition according to paragraph 96, wherein at least one sweetener is a non-sugar sweetener.
[004197] 98. A composition according to paragraph 96 or paragraph 97, wherein at least one sweetener is a terpenoid sweetener or a terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004198] 99. A composition according to paragraph 98, wherein at least one sweetener is a steviol glycoside, a sweet tea glycoside or a mogroside.
[004199] 100. A composition according to paragraph 98 or paragraph 99, wherein at least one sweetener is a naturally occurring terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004200] 101. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 98 to 100, wherein at least one sweetener is a glycosylated terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004201] 102. A composition according to paragraph 96 or paragraph 97, wherein at least one sweetener is sucralose.
[004202] 103. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 96 to 102, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sweeteners to the total amount of the one or more products is from 100:1 to 1:10 by weight.
[004203] 104. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 96 to 103, wherein the composition further comprises one or more additional components that are suitable for human consumption.
[004204] 105. A composition according to paragraph 104, wherein the composition further comprises one or more sweetener enhancers. [004205] 106. A composition according to paragraph 105, wherein the composition further comprises thaumatin.
[004206] 107. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 96 to 106, wherein the total amount of the one or more sweeteners and the one or more products constitutes at least 1 wt. % of the composition.
[004207] 108. A composition according to any one of paragraphs 96 to 107, wherein the composition is suitable for use as a sweetener or a flavouring agent.
[004208] 109. A method of preparing a composition according to any one of paragraphs
96 to 108, wherein the method comprises combining one or more sweeteners with one or more products according to any one of paragraphs 75 to 87.
[004209] 110. A method according to paragraph 109, wherein the method is a method of increasing the taste and/or smell of the one or more sweeteners by preparing the composition.
[004210] 111. A method according to paragraph 109 or paragraph 110, wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the one or more sweeteners by preparing the composition.
[004211] 112. A method according to any one of paragraphs 109 to 111, wherein the method is a method of reducing the aftertaste and/or the extent of taste lingering of the one or more sweeteners of the starting materials.
[004212] 113. A food or beverage comprising one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs 96 to 108.
[004213] 114. A food or beverage according to paragraph 113, wherein the total amount of the one or more compositions constitutes from constitutes from 0.0001 to 10 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004214] 115. A food or beverage precursor comprising one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs 96 to 108.
[004215] 116. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 115, wherein the total amount of the one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs 96 to 108 constitutes from 0.0001 to 50 wt. % of the precursor. [004216] 117. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 115 or paragraph
116, wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004217] 118. A method of modulating one or more sensory properties of a food or a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the food, beverage, or food or beverage ingredients, one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs 96 to 107.
[004218] 119. A method according to paragraph 118, wherein the method is a method of sweetening the food or beverage.
[004219] 120. A method according to paragraph 118 or paragraph 119, wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the food or beverage.
[004220] Embodiments further include: 1. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprising one or more sensory modifiers, wherein the sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners, one or more amine donors and optionally one or more reducing sugars.
[004221] 2. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 1, wherein at least one terpenoid glycoside sweetener is a steviol glycoside.
[004222] 3. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 2, wherein at least one steviol glycoside is a naturally occurring steviol glycoside.
[004223] 4. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 2 or paragraph 3, wherein at least one steviol glycoside is a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004224] 5. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 1, wherein at least one terpenoid glycoside sweetener is a sweet tea glycoside, a mogroside or glycyrrhizin.
[004225] 6. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004226] 7. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 6, wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L- phenylalanine, L-proline, L-threonine or L-valine. [004227] 8. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 7, wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[004228] 9. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 8, wherein at least one amine donor is provided in the form of a yeast extract.
[004229] 10. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of the starting materials in a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises the starting materials, one or more solvents and optionally one or more additional acids or bases.
[004230] 11. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
10, wherein at least one solvent is water.
[004231] 12. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 10 or paragraph 11, wherein the total amount of the starting materials constitutes from 1 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
[004232] 13. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 10 to 12, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the steps of (i) reacting the starting materials in the reaction mixture; and (ii) removing the one or more solvents from the reaction mixture to afford the one or more sensory modifiers.
[004233] 14. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
13, wherein the one or more solvents are removed by spray drying the reaction mixture.
[004234] 15. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 14, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of the starting materials at a temperature of from 60 to 150°C, for a reaction period of from 30 minutes to 24 hours.
[004235] 16. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 15, wherein one or more sensory modifiers are a Maillard reaction product, or a mixture of Maillard reaction products.
[004236] 17. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
16, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers comprise at least one Amadori product. [004237] 18. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 16 or paragraph 17, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers comprise one or more non-volatile compounds.
[004238] 19. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 18, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners and one or more amine donors, but substantially no reducing sugars.
[004239] 20. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
19, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 99:1 to 4:1 by weight.
[004240] 21. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 18, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners, one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004241] 22. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
21, wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004242] 23. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 21 or paragraph 22, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004243] 24. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 21 to 23, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners to the total combined amount of the one or more amine donors and the one or more reducing sugars in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 20:80 by weight.
[004244] 25. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 21 to 24, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 10:90 by weight.
[004245] 26. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers have a citrus or tangerine flavor. [004246] 27. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 26, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004247] 28. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 26, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor, and wherein the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes constitutes from 0.0001 to 15 wt. % of the precursor.
[004248] 29. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 28, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor further comprises one or more co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and/or non-sweetening drink additives.
[004249] 30. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
29, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises one or more sweetener enhancers.
[004250] 31. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
30, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises thaumatin.
[004251] 32. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 29 to 31, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises one or more co-sweeteners.
[004252] 33. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
32, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity natural sweetener.
[004253] 34. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 32 or paragraph 33, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a steviol glycoside, such as a naturally occurring steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004254] 35. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 32 to 34, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[004255] 36. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 32 to 35, wherein at least one co-sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004256] 37. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 32 to 36, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers to the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners is from 1:99 to 99:1 by weight.
[004257] 38. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 32 to 37, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 10 wt.% of the food or beverage.
[004258] 39. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 32 to 37, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor, and wherein the total amount of the one or more co sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 40 wt.% of the precursor.
[004259] 40. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprising one or more sensory modifiers, wherein the sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004260] 41. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
40, wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004261] 42. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 40 or paragraph 41, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004262] 43. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 42, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 75:25 to 50:50 by weight. [004263] 44. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 43, wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin
[004264] 45. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 43, wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004265] 46. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
45, wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[004266] 47. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 45 or paragraph 46, wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L- lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline or L-valine.
[004267] 48. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 47, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of the starting materials in a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises the starting materials, one or more solvents and optionally one or more additional acids or bases.
[004268] 49. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
48, wherein at least one solvent is water.
[004269] 50. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph 48 or paragraph 49, wherein the total amount of the starting materials constitutes from 1 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
[004270] 51. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 48 to 50, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the steps of (i) reacting the starting materials in the reaction mixture; and (ii) removing the one or more solvents from the reaction mixture to afford the one or more sensory modifiers.
[004271] 52. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
51, wherein the one or more solvents are removed by spray drying the reaction mixture.
[004272] 53. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of claims 40 to 52, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of the starting materials at a temperature of from 60 to 150°C, for a reaction period of from 30 minutes to 24 hours. [004273] 54. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 53, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers have a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004274] 55. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 54, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004275] 56. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 54, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor, and wherein the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes constitutes from 0.0001 to 15 wt. % of the precursor.
[004276] 57. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 55, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor further comprises one or more co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and/or non-sweetening drink additives.
[004277] 58. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
57, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises one or more sweetener enhancers.
[004278] 59. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
58, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises thaumatin.
[004279] 60. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 40 to 59, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises one or more co-sweeteners.
[004280] 61. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
60, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004281] 62. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
61, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a is a steviol glycoside, such as a naturally occurring steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside. [004282] 63. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 60 to 62, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[004283] 64. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 60 to 63, wherein at least one co-sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]- alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004284] 65. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 60 to 64, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 10 wt.% of the food or beverage.
[004285] 66. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 60 to 64, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor, and wherein the total amount of the one or more co sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 50 wt.% of the precursor.
[004286] 67. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 66, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a beverage.
[004287] 68. A beverage according to paragraph 67, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004288] 69. A beverage according to paragraph 67 or paragraph 68, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage.
[004289] 70. A beverage according to any one of paragraphs 67 to 69, wherein the beverage is a flavored water.
[004290] 71. A beverage according to any one of paragraphs 67 to 70, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004291] 72. A beverage according to paragraph 67 or paragraph 68, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product. [004292] 73. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 66, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food.
[004293] 74. A food according to paragraph 73, wherein the food is a bakery product.
[004294] 75. A food according to paragraph 73, wherein the food is a biscuit or a cake.
[004295] 76. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 66, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the food or beverage is a dairy product.
[004296] 77. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 76, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor.
[004297] 78. A food precursor or a beverage precursor according to paragraph 77, wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004298] 79. A food precursor or a beverage precursor according to paragraph 77 or paragraph 78, wherein the food or beverage precursor is a beverage precursor.
[004299] 80. A beverage precursor according to paragraph 79, wherein the beverage precursor is a powdered or granulated drink, or a syrup or concentrate.
[004300] 81. A food precursor or a beverage precursor according to paragraph 77 or paragraph 78, wherein the food or beverage precursor is a food precursor.
[004301] 82. A food precursor according to paragraph 81, wherein the food or beverage precursor is a dough.
[004302] 83. A food precursor according to paragraph 81, wherein the food or beverage precursor is a biscuit mix or a cake mix.
[004303] 84. A sealed container comprising a food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 83, wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is sealed within the sealed container.
[004304] 85. A method of making a bakery product, the method comprising the baking of a dough according to paragraph 82 into a bakery product.
[004305] 86. A bakery product preparable by the method of paragraph 85. [004306] 87. A method for improving the taste profile of a bakery product, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
[004307] (i) preparing a dough according to paragraph 82; and
[004308] (ii) baking the dough to produce the bakery product.
[004309] 88. A method of making a biscuit or a cake, the method comprising the baking of a biscuit mix or a cake mix according to paragraph 83 into a biscuit or a cake.
[004310] 89. A biscuit or a cake preparable by the method of paragraph 88.
[004311] 90. A method for improving the taste profile of a biscuit or a cake, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
[004312] (i) preparing a biscuit mix or cake mix according to paragraph 83; and
[004313] (ii) baking the biscuit mix or the cake mix to produce the biscuit or cake.
[004314] 91. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the beverage or beverage ingredients one or more sensory modifiers, wherein the sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners, one or more amine donors and optionally one or more reducing sugars.
[004315] 92. A method according to paragraph 91, wherein at least one terpenoid glycoside sweetener is a steviol glycoside.
[004316] 93. A method according to paragraph 92, wherein at least one steviol glycoside is a naturally occurring steviol glycoside.
[004317] 94. A method according to paragraph 92 or paragraph 93, wherein at least one steviol glycoside is a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004318] 95. A method according to paragraph 91, wherein at least one terpenoid glycoside sweetener is a sweet tea glycoside, a mogroside or glycyrrhizin.
[004319] 96. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 95, wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004320] 97. A method according to paragraph 96, wherein at least one amine donor is
L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-threonine or L- valine. [004321] 98. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 97, wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[004322] 99. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 98, wherein at least one amine donor is provided in the form of a yeast extract.
[004323] 100. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 99, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners and one or more amine donors, but substantially no reducing sugars.
[004324] 101. A method according to paragraph 100, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 99:1 to 4:1 by weight.
[004325] 102. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 99, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners, one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004326] 103. A method according to paragraph 102, wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004327] 104. A method according to paragraph 102 or paragraph 103, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D-glucose, D- mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004328] 105. A method according to any one of paragraphs 102 to 104, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners to the total combined amount of the one or more amine donors and the one or more reducing sugars in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 20:80 by weight.
[004329] 106. A method according to any one of paragraphs 102 to 105, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 10:90 by weight.
[004330] 107. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 106, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers have a citrus or tangerine flavor. [004331] 108. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 107, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are added in an amount such that the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the final beverage.
[004332] 109. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 108, wherein method further comprises the step of adding one or more co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and/or non-sweetening drink additives to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[004333] 110. A method according to paragraph 109, wherein the method comprises the step of adding one or more sweetener enhancers to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[004334] 111. A method according to paragraph 110, wherein the method comprises the step of adding thaumatin to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[004335] 112. A method according to any one of paragraphs 109 to 111, wherein the method comprises the step of adding one or more co-sweeteners to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[004336] 113. A method according to paragraph 112, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity natural sweetener.
[004337] 114. A method according to paragraph 112 or paragraph 113, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a steviol glycoside, such as a naturally occurring steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004338] 115. A method according to any one of paragraphs 112 to 114, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[004339] 116. A method according to any one of paragraphs 112 to 115, wherein at least one co-sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame. [004340] 117. A method according to any one of paragraphs 112 to 116, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers to the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners in the final beverage is from 1:99 to 99:1 by weight.
[004341] 118. A method according to any one of paragraphs 112 to 117, wherein the one or more co-sweeteners are added in an amount such that the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 10 wt.% of the final beverage.
[004342] 119. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the beverage or beverage ingredients one or more sensory modifiers, wherein the sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004343] 120. A method according to paragraph 119, wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004344] 121. A method according to paragraph 119 or paragraph 120, wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D-glucose, D- mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004345] 122. A method according to any one of paragraphs 119 to 121, wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 75:25 to 50:50 by weight.
[004346] 123. A method according to any one of paragraphs 119 to 122, wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin
[004347] 124. A method according to any one of paragraphs 119 to 123, wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004348] 125. A method according to paragraph 124, wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[004349] 126. A method according to paragraph 124 or paragraph 125, wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline or L-valine. [004350] 127. A method according to any one of paragraphs 119 to 126, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers have a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004351] 128. A method according to any one of paragraphs 119 to 127, wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are added in an amount such that the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the final beverage.
[004352] 129. A method according to any one of paragraphs 119 to 128, wherein method further comprises the step of adding one or more co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and/or non-sweetening drink additives to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[004353] 130. A method according to paragraph 129, wherein the method comprises the step of adding one or more sweetener enhancers to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[004354] 131. A method according to paragraph 130, wherein the method comprises the step of adding thaumatin to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[004355] 132. A method according to any one of paragraphs 129 to 131, wherein the method comprises the step of adding one or more co-sweeteners to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[004356] 133. A method according to paragraph 132, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity natural sweetener.
[004357] 134. A method according to paragraph 132 or paragraph 133, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a steviol glycoside, such as a naturally occurring steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004358] 135. A method according to any one of paragraphs 132 to 134, wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[004359] 136. A method according to any one of paragraphs 132 to 135, wherein at least one co-sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame. [004360] 137. A method according to any one of paragraphs 132 to 136, wherein the one or more co-sweeteners are added in an amount such that the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 10 wt.% of the final beverage.
[004361] 138. A method according to paragraph any one of paragraphs 91 to 137, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004362] 139. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 138, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage.
[004363] 140. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 138, wherein the beverage is a flavored water.
[004364] 141. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 138, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004365] 142. A method according to any one of paragraphs 91 to 138, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product.
[004366] Additional embodiments include: 1. A flavor or sweetener composition comprising a Mailard reaction product and a first sweetening agent, wherein the Mailard Reaction product is a reaction product of a mixture comprising a sugar donor and an amine donor; the first sweetening agent is one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside and mixtures thereof.
[004367] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, the sugar donor comprises a reducing sugar; preferably, the reducing sugar is one or more selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof; preferably, the reducing sugar is one or more selected from mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or mixtures thereof.
[004368] 3. The composition of paragraph 2, the sugar donor comprises the second sweetening agent, and the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[004369] 4. The composition of paragraph 3, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004370] 5. The composition of paragraph 1, the sugar donor comprises the second sweetening agent, and the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[004371] 6. The composition of paragraph 5, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004372] 7. The composition of any one of paragraphs 4 or 6, the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004373] 8. The composition of paragraph 7, wherein the amino acid is one or more selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[004374] 9. The composition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the steviol glycoside is one or more selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof; Preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of rebaudioside A with at least one selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or any mixtures thereof; More preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of at least two selected from rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[004375] 10. The composition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the steviol glycoside is one or more selected from rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[004376] 11. The composition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the steviol glycoside is rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[004377] 12. The composiition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[004378] 13. The composiition of paragraph 7 or 8 , wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[004379] 14. The composition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the steviol glycoside is A with a purity of at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[004380] 15. The composition of any one of paragraphs 9-14, wherein the composition further comprises the sweetener enhancer; preferably, the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[004381] 16. The composition of any one of paragraphs 9-14, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin. [004382] 17. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the sweetener enhancer is 0.01 ppm -60%, preferably lppm-50%, more preferably l%-40% by weight of the total weight of the composition..
[004383] 18. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the Maillard reaction product is present from about 10-9 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[004384] 19. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the weight ratio of the Maillard reaction product to the first sweetening agent is 0.5:99.5 to 99.5: 0.5, preferably, 1:50:50:1.
[004385] 20. The composition of any one of paragraph 1-19, wherein the composition comprises the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s).
[004386] 21. The composition of paragraph 20, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[004387] 22. The composition of any one of paragraph 1-19, wherein the Maillard reaction product is the result of the Maillard reaction without separation or purification from reaction component.
[004388] 23. The composition of paragraph 22, wherein the Maillard reaction product consists of volatile substances and non-volatile substances.
[004389] 24. The composition of paragraph 23, wherein the weight ratio of the volatile substances and the non-volatile substances is 1:99: to 99:1.
[004390] 25. The composition of paragraph 22, wherein the Maillard reaction product comprisses the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides and unreacted stevia extract or steviol glycosides.
[004391] 26. The composition of paragraph 25, wherein the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides comprises volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside components, which is preferably charactized by citrus flavor. [004392] 27. The composition of paragraph 25, wherein the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides comprises comprises non-volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside, which is preferably one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent- kaurene structure.
[004393] 28. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-27, wherein the composition further comprises an alkaline pH adjuster.
[004394] 29. The composition of paragraph 28, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[004395] 30. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-29, wherein the composition further comprises a salt.
[004396] 31. The composition of paragraph 30, wherein the salt is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof.
[004397] 32. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-31, wherein the composition further comprises acids, which is preferablly one or more selected from acetic acid, propanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, trans 2-hexenoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, (Z)-9- octadecenoic acid, decahydro-l-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 2,3-dihyd-9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid and or mixture thereof.
[004398] 33. The composition of paragraph 3, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a sweet tea extract, rubusoside and suaviosides, glycosylated sweet tea extract, or glycosylated rubusoside, glycosylated suaviosides and /or mixtures thereof.
[004399] 34. The composition of paragraph 1, the sugar donor comprises a second sweetening agent, and the second sweetening agent is is one or more selected from a sweet tea extract, rubusoside and suaviosides, glycosylated sweet tea extract, or glycosylated rubusoside, glycosylated suaviosides and /or mixtures thereof.
[004400] 35. The composition of paragraph 1, the sugar donor comprises a second sweetening agent, and the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a swingle extract, mogoroside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof. [004401] 36. The composition of paragraph 3, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a sweet tea extract, rubusoside and suaviosides, glycosylated sweet tea extract, or glycosylated rubusoside, glycosylated suaviosides and /or mixtures thereof.
[004402] 37. The composition of paragraph 3, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a swingle extract, mogoroside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[004403] 38. A food or beverage with decreased unsatisfactory or unpleasant taste, which comprises foodstuff and the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-37, said unsatisfactory or unpleasant taste is one or more of sour, astringent, bitter taste or aftertaste, metallic taste, stale taste, an alkaline taste, a mineral or pungent taste, the grassy, earthy or herb taste.
[004404] 39. The food or beverage of paragraph 38, wherein the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-37 is lppm -99%, more preferably 0.001-20 wt %, further preferably 0.001- lwt % by weight of the food.
[004405] 40. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food is reduced salt food.
[004406] 41. The food or beverage of 40, the food or beverage is enhanced salty taste without increasing sodium intake.
[004407] 42. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is vegetable or vegetable juices, especially garlic, ginger, or beet root.
[004408] 43. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains vegetables with a bitter taste, which is preferably artichoke, broccoli, radicchio, arugula, brussels sprout, chicory, white asparagus, endive, kale and brassica, dandelion, eggplant or bitter melon.
[004409] 44. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is juices, juice concentrate, or fruit extract, which is preferably cranberry, pomegranate, bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, grapefruit, lime and citrus.
[004410] 45. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains minerals and trace elements.
[004411] 46. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is vitamin fortified food or beverage with vitamin B an d vitamin C. [004412] 47. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains amino acids, which is preferably seleted from arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine HCI, glutamine, histidine HCI, isoleucine, lysine HCI, methionite, proline, tryptophan, valine, and any mixture thereof.
[004413] 48. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains fatty acids, which is preferably linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid.
[004414] 49. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains natural herbs, natural herb extracts, concentrates, or purified substances from herbs.
[004415] 50. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is caffeine, tea extract, ginseng juice or ginseng extract, taurine or guarana that function to boost energy.
[004416] 51. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is cocoa powder or coffee powder, cocoa or coffee extract; or tea powder or tea extract, or flavored tea.
[004417] 52. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 38-51, the food or beverage contains natural antioxidant, which is preferably enriched in anthocyanins.
[004418] 53. A food or beverage with kokumi, which comprises foodstuff and the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-37; preferably, wherein the MRP composition is present in the final food or beverage in an amount of 0.001-20 wt %, more preferably 0.001- lwt %.
[004419] 54. A method for producing the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-37, comprising the step of mixing the Mailard reaction product and a first sweetening agent.
[004420] 55. The method of paragraph 54, wherein the Mailard reaction product is obtained from the step comprising:
[004421] preparing a reaction mixture comprising:
[004422] the sugar donor and amine donor;
[004423] combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution; and
[004424] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry; [004425] wherein the first sweetening agent is added to the solution or slurry during or after the completion of the Maillard reaction, to form a Millard reaction mixture composition.
[004426] 56. The method of paragraph 55, the sugar donor is the reducing sugar.
[004427] 57. The method of paragraph 55, the sugar donor is the mixture of reducing sugar and the second sweetening agent.
[004428] 58. The method of paragraph 55, the sugar donor is the second sweetening agent.
[004429] 59. The method of paragraph 58, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004430] 60. The method of paragraph 58, the first sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004431] 61. The method of any one of paragraphs 54-60, comprising isolating the Millard
Reaction mixture composition.
[004432] 62. A method for producing the food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 38-
56, comprising the step of mixing the Mailard reaction product, a first sweetening agent and the foodstuff.
[004433] 63. The method of paragraph 62, wherein the Mailard reaction product is obtained from the step comprising:
[004434] preparing a reaction mixture comprising:
[004435] the sugar donor and amine donor;
[004436] combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution; and
[004437] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry;
[004438] wherein the first sweetening agent is added to the solution or slurry during or after the completion of the Maillard reaction, to form a Millard reaction mixture composition; and
[004439] adding the Millard Reaction mixture composition to provide a food or beverage, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved. [004440] 64. The method of paragraph 63, the sugar donor is the reducing sugar.
[004441] 65. The method of paragraph 63, the sugar donor is the mixture of reducing sugar and the second sweetening agent.
[004442] 66. The method of paragraph 63, the sugar donor is the second sweetening agent.
[004443] 67. The method of paragraph 66, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004444] 68. The method of paragraph 66, the first sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004445] 69. The method of any one of paragraph 62-68, comprising isolating the Millard
Reaction mixture composition.
[004446] 70. A Mailard reaction product which is formed by a reaction mixture containing a sweetening agent and an amine donor, the sweetening agent is one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[004447] 71. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 70, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated steviol glycoside and mixtures thereof.
[004448] 72. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 70, the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004449] 73. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 70 or 72, the amine donor comprises thaumatin, preferably, thaumain is 0.01ppm-90%, preferably lppm-80%, more preferably l%-70% by weight of the reaction mixture from which the Mailard reaction product is formed.
[004450] 74. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 70 or 72, wherein the amino acid is one or more selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[004451] 75. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 74, wherein the steviol glycoside is one or more selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof; Preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of rebaudioside A with at least one selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or any mixtures thereof; More preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of at least two selected from rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[004452] 76. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 74, wherein the steviol glycoside is rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[004453] 77. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 74, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[004454] 78. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 74, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M. [004455] 79. The Mailard reaction product of any one of paragraphs 74-78, the steviol glycoside is A with a purity of at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[004456] 80. The Mailard reaction product of any one of paragraphs 74-79, the Maillard reaction product comprisses the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides and unreacted stevia extract or steviol glycosides.
[004457] 81. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 80, the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides comprise volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside components, which is preferably charactized by citrus flavor.
[004458] 82. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 80 or 81, the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides comprises comprises non-volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside, which is preferably one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent-kaurene structure.
[004459] 83. A food or beverage with decreased unsatisfactory or unpleasant taste, which comprises foodstuff and the Mailard reaction product of any one of paragraphs 70-82.
[004460] 84. The food or beverage of paragraph 83, wherein said unsatisfactory or unpleasant taste is one or more of sour, astringent, bitter taste or aftertaste, metallic taste, stale taste, an alkaline taste, a mineral or pungent taste, the grassy, earthy or herb taste.
[004461] 85. The food or beverage of paragraph 83, wherein the food comprises a sweetening agent, which is preferably one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside and mixtures thereof.
[004462] 86. The food or beverage of paragraph 85, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004463] 87. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 83-86, wherein the product of any one of paragraphs 70-82 is added to the foodstuff to obtain the food or beverage; preferably, wherein the MRP product is present in the final food or beverage in an amount of 0.001-20 wt %, more preferably 0.001- lwt %.
[004464] 88. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-87, wherein the steviol glycoside is one or more selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof; Preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of rebaudioside A with at least one selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or any mixtures thereof; More preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of at least two selected from rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[004465] 89. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-87, wherein the steviol glycoside is rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[004466] 90. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-87,, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[004467] 91. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-87, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside one or more selected from glycosylation products of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[004468] 92. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-87, wherein the steviol glycoside is A with a purity of at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[004469] 93. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 83-92, wherein the Maillard reaction product is present from about 10-9 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the food or beverage.
[004470] 94. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 83-92, wherein the composition comprises the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s).
[004471] 95. The food or beverage of paragraph 94, wherein the one or more non nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[004472] 96. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-95, wherein the food or beverage further comprises an alkaline pH adjuster, which is preferably sodium hydroxide.
[004473] 97. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-96, wherein the food or beverage contains a salt; preferably, the salt is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof; more preferably, the weight content of the salt in the total weight of the food or beverage is 0.01%-40%.
[004474] 98. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-97, wherein the food or beverage further comprises acids, which is preferablly one or more selected from acetic acid, propanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, trans 2-hexenoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, decahydro-l-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 2,3-dihyd-9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid and or mixture thereof; ; more preferably, the weight content of the acids in the total weight of the food or beverage is 0.01%-60%.
[004475] 99. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-98, wherein the food or beverage is enhanced salty taste without increasing sodium intake.
[004476] 100. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is vegetable or vegetable juices, especially garlic, ginger, or beet root.
[004477] 101. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage contains vegetables with a bitter taste, which is preferably artichoke, broccoli, radicchio, arugula, brussels sprout, chicory, white asparagus, endive, kale and brassica, dandelion, eggplant or bitter melon.
[004478] 102. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is juices, juice concentrate, or fruit extract, which is preferably cranberry, pomegranate, bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, grapefruit, lime and citrus.
[004479] 103. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is vitamin fortified food or beverage with vitamin B an d vitamin C; or the food or beverage contains minerals and trace elements.
[004480] 104. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage contains amino acids, which is preferably seleted from arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine HCI, glutamine, histidine HCI, isoleucine, lysine HCI, methionite, proline, tryptophan, valine, and any mixture thereof.
[004481] 105. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage contains natural herbs, natural herb extracts, concentrates, or purified substances from herbs.
[004482] 106. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is caffeine, tea extract, ginseng juice or ginseng extract, taurine or guarana that function to boost energy.
[004483] 107. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is cocoa powder or coffee powder, cocoa or coffee extract; or tea powder or tea extract, or flavored tea. [004484] 108. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-107, wherein the food or beverage contains natural antioxidant, which is preferably enriched in anthocyanins.
[004485] 109. A food or beverage with kokumi, which comprises foodstuff and the product of any one of paragraphs 70-82.
[004486] 110. The food or beverage with kokumi, wherein the MRP product is present in the final food or beverage in an amount of 0.001-20 wt %, more preferably 0.001- lwt %.
[004487] 111. A method for producing the composition of any one of paragraphs 70-82, comprising the step of combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution; and
[004488] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry to carry out the Maillard reaction, to form the Millard reaction mixture composition.
[004489] 112. A method for producing the food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 83-
110, comprising the step of mixing the Mailard reaction product and the foodstuff.
[004490] 113. The method of paragraph 112, during or after the completion of the
Maillard reaction, the Mailard reaction mixture or product is mixed with the foodsutff to obtain the food or beverage.
[004491] Additional embodiments include: 1. A beverage comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004492] (1) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, and
[004493] (2) one or more amine donors having a free amino group.
[004494] 2. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition is present in the beverage in a final concentration of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004495] 3. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[004496] 4. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) or both. [004497] 5. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004498] 6. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a high intensity natural sweetener, wherein the natural high intensity sweetener comprises one or more Stev/o-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides and combinations thereof.
[004499] 7. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, NHDC, thaumatin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004500] 8. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004501] 9. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004502] 10. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004503] 11. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004504] 12. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004505] 13. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product
[004506] 14. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition. [004507] 15. A beverage comprising:
[004508] (1) an added Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and one or more amine donors having a free amino group, and
[004509] (2) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[004510] wherein the MRP composition is present in the beverage in a final concentration of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004511] 16. The beverage of Paragraph 15, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004512] 17. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004513] 18. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004514] 19. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage further comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, NHDC, thaumatin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004515] 20. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004516] 21. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004517] 22. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans. [004518] 23. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004519] 24. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004520] 25. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product
[004521] 26. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[004522] Still additional embodiments include: 1. A beverage comprising:
[004523] an added Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004524] (1) one or more Stev/o-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides and combinations thereof; and
[004525] (2) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[004526] wherein the MRP composition comprises an Amadori product, and wherein the MRP composition is present in the beverage in a final concentration of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004527] 2. The beverage of Paragraph 1, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004528] 3. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004529] 4. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid selected from the group consistin of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine and valine
[004530] 5. The beverage of Paragraph 4, wherein the one or more amine donors further comprise thaumatin. [004531] 6. The beverage of Paragraph 1, further comprising a sweetener, sweetener enhancer and/or flavoring agent selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, NHDC, thaumatin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame and combinations thereof.
[004532] 7. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004533] 8. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004534] 9. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004535] 10. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004536] 11. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004537] 12. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product.
[004538] 13. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[004539] 14. The beverage of Paragraph 1, wherein the Amadori product is an Amadori product of RA, RB or RM.
[004540] 15. A beverage comprising:
[004541] an added Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising: [004542] (1) one or more Stewo-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides and combinations thereof;
[004543] (2) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group; and
[004544] (3) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[004545] wherein the MRP composition comprises an Amadori product, and wherein the MRP composition is present in the beverage in a final concentration of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004546] 16. The beverage of Paragraph 15, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004547] 17. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004548] 18. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid selected from the group consistin of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine and valine.
[004549] 19. The beverage of Paragraph 18, wherein the one or more amine donors further comprise thaumatin.
[004550] 20. The beverage of Paragraph 15, further comprising a sweetener, sweetener enhancer and/or flavoring agent selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, thaumatin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame and combinations thereof.
[004551] 21. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004552] 22. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans. [004553] 23. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004554] 24. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004555] 25. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004556] 26. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product
[004557] 27. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[004558] 28. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the Amadori products are one or more Amadori products form from RA, RB,RD,RE, Rl or RM.
[004559] Still other embodiments include: 1. A sweetener or flavoring agent composition comprising:
[004560] (1) a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004561] (a) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and
[004562] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004563] (2) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[004564] wherein the MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt %.
[004565] 2. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004566] 3. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin. [004567] 4. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, further comprising one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol, advantame, and combinations thereof.
[004568] 5. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004569] 6. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the
MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004570] 7. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the
MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt %.
[004571] 8. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the
MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 1-99 wt %.
[004572] 9. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004573] 10. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid selected from the group consistin of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine glycine, histidine. isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine and valine.
[004574] 11. A sweetener or flavoring agent composition comprising:
[004575] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising: [004576] (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, and
[004577] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004578] (2) a second component comprising one or more sweeteners,
[004579] wherein the first and second components are present in the sweetener composition in a concentration range of 1-100 wt % of the sweetener composition.
[004580] 12. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 0.01-99 wt %.
[004581] 13. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction misture further comprises:
[004582] (C) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[004583] 14. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl malto and advantame.
[004584] 15. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition comprises a non-SG component and wherein the non-SG component is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-99 wt% of the MRP composition.
[004585] 16. The sweetener composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004586] 17. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor. [004587] 18. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition is present in the sweetener composition in an amount in the range of 0.1- 99 wt %.
[004588] 19. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004589] 20. The sweetener or flavoring agent composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid selected from the group consistin of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine and valine.
[004590] Other embodiments include: 1. A dough comprising:
[004591] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004592] (a) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and
[004593] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004594] (2) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[004595] wherein the first and second components are present in the dough in a concentration range of 0.0001-20 wt % of the dough.
[004596] 2. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004597] 3. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004598] 4. The dough of Paragraph 1, further comprising one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004599] 5. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004600] 6. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the first component is present in the dough in an I amount in the range of 0.0001-1 wt % of the dough.
[004601] 7. The dough of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004602] 8. The dough of paragraph 1, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[004603] 9. The dough of paragraph 1, further comprising a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, swingle extracts, sweet tea glycosides, mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, and glycosylated mogrosides.
[004604] 10. A bakery product made from the dough of Paragraph 1.
[004605] 11. A dough comprising:
[004606] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004607] (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, and
[004608] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004609] (2) a second component comprising one or more sweeteners,
[004610] wherein the first and second components are present in the dough in a concentration range of 0.0001-50 wt % of the dough. [004611] 12. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[004612] 13. The dough of paragraph 12, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[004613] 14. The dough of Paragraph 11, further comprising thaumatin.
[004614] 15. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004615] 16. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004616] 17. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the first component is present in the dough in a concentration range of 0.001-20 wt % of the dough.
[004617] 18. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the first component is present in the dough in an amount in the range of 0.01-2 wt % of the dough.
[004618] 19. The dough of Paragraph 11, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004619] 20. A bakery product made from the dough of Paragraph 11.
[004620] Still additiona embodiments include: 1. A dairy product comprising:
[004621] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004622] (a) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and
[004623] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and [004624] (2) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[004625] wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.0001-10 wt % of the dairy product.
[004626] 2. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the dairy product is a pasteurized or sterilized dairy product and wherein the MRP composition is formed prior to pasteurization or sterilization.
[004627] 3. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004628] 4. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004629] 5. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, further comprising thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004630] 6. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, further comprising one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004631] 7. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.001-2 wt % of the dairy product
[004632] 8. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.01-1 wt % of the dairy product
[004633] 9. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof. [004634] 10. The dairy product of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[004635] 11. A dairy product comprising:
[004636] (1) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004637] (i) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, and
[004638] (ii) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004639] (2) a second component comprising one or more sweeteners,
[004640] wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.0001-10 wt % of the dairy product.
[004641] 12. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the dairy product is a pasteurized or sterilized dairy product and wherein the MRP composition is formed prior to pasteurization or sterilization.
[004642] 13. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004643] 14. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004644] 15. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise thaumatin, NHDC, or both
[004645] 16. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame. [004646] 17. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the first and second components are present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.001-2 wt % of the dairy product
[004647] 18. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the first component is present in the dairy product in a concentration range of 0.001-1 wt % of the dairy product
[004648] 19. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004649] 20. The dairy product of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[004650] Other embodiments include: 1. A food product comprising:
[004651] one or more non-volatile compounds of a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004652] (i) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides; and
[004653] (ii) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[004654] wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the food product in an amount in the range of 0.0001-99 wt % of the food product.
[004655] 2. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group.
[004656] 3. The food product of Paragraph 1, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004657] 4. The foodproduct of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises thaumatin, NHDC, or both.
[004658] 5. The food product of Paragraph 1, further comprising a sweetener.
[004659] 6. The food product of Paragraph 5, wherein the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3- hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004660] 7. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the food product in a concentration range of 0.001-20 wt % of the food product.
[004661] 8. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the food product in a concentration range of 0.01-2 wt % of the food product.
[004662] 9. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004663] 10. The food product of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars, and wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[004664] 11. A beverage comprising:
[004665] one or more non-volatile compounds of a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004666] (i) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of
Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides; and
[004667] (ii) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[004668] wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the beverage in an final concentration in the range of 1 ppm -15,000 ppm.
[004669] 12. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group. [004670] 13. The beverage of Paragraph 11, further comprising thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004671] 14. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004672] 15. The beverage of Paragraph 11, further comprising a sweetener.
[004673] 16. The beverage of Paragraph 15, wherein the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004674] 17. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004675] 18. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004676] 19. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004677] 20. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004678] Further embodiments include: 1. A composition comprising:
[004679] a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004680] (A) a non-Stev/a sweetening agent;
[004681] (B) a reducing sugar having a free carbonyl group; and
[004682] (C) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004683] wherein the non -Stevia sweetening agent is selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, glycyrrhizine, glycosylated glycyrrhizinse,_rubusoside, glycosylated rubusoside, suaviosides, glycosylated suaviosides, mogrosides, glycosylated mogrosides and sucralose, and
[004684] wherein the MRP composition is present in the composition in an amount in the range of 0.0001-100 wt %.
[004685] 2. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the composition is a sweetener composition and wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-100 wt %.
[004686] 3. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the composition is a food product and wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.001-1 wt %.
[004687] 4. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the composition is a bakery product and wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.001-1 wt %.
[004688] 5. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the composition is a dairy product and wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.0001-1 wt %.
[004689] 6. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004690] 7. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors consist of thaumatin.
[004691] 8. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004692] 9. The composition of Paragraph 1, further comprising one or more sweetening agents selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame. [004693] 10. The composition of Paragraph 1, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004694] 11. A beverage comprising:
[004695] a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004696] (A) a non-Stev/a sweetening agent;
[004697] (B) a reducing sugar having a free carbonyl group; and
[004698] (C) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004699] wherein the non -Stevia sweetening agent is selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea extracts, glycosylated swingle extracts, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, glycyrrhizin, glycosylated glycyrrhizinse, rubusoside, glycosylated rubusoside, suaviosides, glycosylated suaviosides, mogrosides, glycosylated mogrosides and sucralose,
[004700] wherein the MRP composition is present in the the beverage in an final concentration in the range of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004701] 12. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 10-10,000 ppm.
[004702] IB. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004703] 14. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors consist of thaumatin.
[004704] 15. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004705] 16. The beverage of Paragraph 11, further comprising a sweetening agent selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringer dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004706] 17. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004707] 18. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004708] 19. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004709] 20. The beverage of Paragraph 11, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004710] Yet another set of embodiments include: l. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, comprising the steps of:
[004711] adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition to the beverage, wherein the MRP composition is produced by:
[004712] heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides and (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group; or
[004713] heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group, and (c) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group.
[004714] 2. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition is added to the beverage in a final concentration in the range of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004715] 3. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004716] 4. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin and an amino acid. [004717] 5. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of adding one or more sweeteners to the beverage, wherein the one or more sweeteners are added concurrently with, or separately from, the MRP composition.
[004718] 6. The method of Paragraph 5, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, sweet tea glycosides, steviol glycosides mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, NHDC, naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004719] 7. The method of Paragraph 6, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004720] 8. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004721] 9. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004722] 10. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004723] 11. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage, a flavored water, a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004724] 12. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, comprising the steps of:
[004725] adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition to the beverage, wherein the MRP composition is produced by heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group and (b) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group. [004726] 13. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the MRP composition is added to the beverage in a final concentration in the range of 1-15,000 ppm.
[004727] 14. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004728] 15 The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin and an amino acid.
[004729] 16. The method of Paragraph 12, further comprising the step of adding one or more sweeteners to the beverage, wherein the one or more sweeteners are added concurrently with, or separately from, the MRP composition.
[004730] 17. The method of Paragraph 16, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, sweet tea glycosides, steviol glycosides mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004731] 18. The method of Paragraph 17, wherein the one or more sweeteners comprise thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004732] 19. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004733] 20. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004734] 21. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004735] 22. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage, a flavored water, a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice. [004736] Still more embodiments include: 1. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, comprising the steps of:
[004737] (1) adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition to the beverage, wherein the MRP composition is produced by heating a reaction mixture comprising (A) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group and (B) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group at a temperature for a period of time sufficient to initiate a Maillard reaction; and
[004738] (2) adding a sweetener composition to the beverage, wherein the sweetener comprising one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides to produce a final product,
[004739] wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in a concentration of 0.1-15,000 ppm.
[004740] 2. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004741] 3. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004742] 4. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the sweetener composition comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004743] 5. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004744] 6. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition has a citrus or tangerine flavor. [004745] 7. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the final product does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004746] 8. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage further comprises a product from roasted coffee beans and wherein the added MRP composition is not made from roasted coffee beans.
[004747] 9. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage or a flavored water.
[004748] 10. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004749] 11. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of adding thaumatin, or NHDC, or both thaumatin and NHDC, to the beverage.
[004750] 12. A method for improving the taste profile of a bakery product, comprising:
[004751] (1) preparing a dough comprising :
[004752] (A) a first component comprising a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition formed from a reaction mixture comprising:
[004753] (a) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group, and
[004754] (b) one or more amine donors having a free amino group; and
[004755] (B) a second component comprising one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides,
[004756] wherein the MRP composition is present in an amount in the range of 0.001-20 wt % of the dough, and
[004757] (2) baking the dough to produce the bakery product.
[004758] 13. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004759] 14. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004760] 15. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the dough further comprises one or more sweeteners selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004761] 16. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the first and second components are present in the dough in a concentration range of 0.01-10 wt % of the dough.
[004762] 17. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the first component is present in the dough in an I amount in the range of 0.0001-1 wt % of the dough.
[004763] 18. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004764] 19. The method of Paragraph 12, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004765] 20. The method of paragraph 12, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof.
[004766] 21. The method of paragraph 12, wherein the dough further comprises a sweetener selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, swingle extracts, sweet tea glycosides, mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, and glycosylated mogrosides.
[004767] Additional embodiments include: 1. A method for improving the taste of mouth feel of a profile of a food product, comprising:
[004768] adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition during preparation of the food product to produce a final product, wherein the MRP composition is produced by
[004769] heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides ,and (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group; or [004770] heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group, and (c) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group; or
[004771] heating a reaction mixture comprising (a) one or more Stevia-related components selected from the group consisting of Stevia extracts, glycosylated Stevia extracts, steviol glycosides, and glycosylated steviol glycosides, (b) one or more amine donors comprising a free amino group, (c) one or more reducing sugars comprising a free carbonyl group, and (d) thaumatin.
[004772] 2. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise (1) thaumatin or (2) an amino acid and and thaumatin.
[004773] 3. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of adding thaumatin to the food, wherein thaumatin is added concurrently with, or separately from, the MRP composition.
[004774] 4 The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of adding one or more sweeteners during preparation of the food product, wherein the one or more sweeteners are added concurrently with, or separately from, the MRP composition.
[004775] 5. The method of Paragraph 4, wherein the one or more sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of sweet tea extracts, Stevia extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, sweet tea glycosides, steviol glycosides mogrosides, glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, glycosylated steviol glycosides, glycosylated mogrosides, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), naringin dihydrochalcone, maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004776] 6. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in an amount in the range of 0.0001-20 wt %. [004777] 7. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or NHDC, or both.
[004778] 8. The method of Paragraph 1, further comprising the step of:
[004779] adding thaumatin, or NHDC, or both, during preparation of the food product
[004780] 9. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the food product is a bakery product.
[004781] 10. The method of Paragraph 1, wherein the food product is a dairy product.
[004782] 11. A method for improving the taste of mouth feel of a profile of a sweetener composition, comprising:
[004783] adding a Maillard reaction product (MRP) composition to the sweetener composition to produce a final product, wherein the MRP composition is produced by heating a reaction mixture comprising:
[004784] (1) one or more reducing sugars having a free carbonyl group; and
[004785] (2) one or more amine donors having a free amino group,
[004786] wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in an amount of 0.0001-10 wt %.
[004787] 12. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise thaumatin.
[004788] 13. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein the one or more amine donors comprise an amino acid and thaumatin.
[004789] 14. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein the reaction mixture comprises thaumatin, or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), or both.
[004790] 15. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in an amount of 0.001-1 wt %.
[004791] 16. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein wherein the MRP composition is present in the final product in an amount of 0.01-1 wt %.
[004792] 17. The method of paragraph 11, wherein the one or more reducing sugars comprise a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, an polysaccharide, or a combination thereof. [004793] 18. The method of paragraph 11, wherein the sweetener comprises one or more components selected from a Stevia extract, a sweet tea extract, a swingle extract, a sweet tea glycoside, a mogrosides, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside, acesulfame K, Sucralose, sodium saccharin, Aspartame, or combinations thereof.
[004794] 19. The method of Paragraph 11, further comprising the step of:
[004795] adding thaumatin, or NHDC, or both, during preparation of the sweetener.
[004796] 20. The method of Paragraph 11, wherein the amine donors comprise one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[004797] Still additional embodiments include : 1. A product preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more sweeteners, one or more amine donors and optionally one or more reducing sugars.
[004798] 2. A product according to paragraph [004797], wherein at least one sweetener is a non-sugar sweetener.
[004799] 3. A product according to paragraph [004797] or paragraph [004798], wherein at least one sweetener is a terpenoid sweetener or a terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004800] 4. A product according to paragraph [004799], wherein at least one sweetener is a steviol glycoside, a sweet tea glycoside or a mogroside.
[004801] 5. A product according to paragraph [004800], wherein at least one sweetener is a steviol glycoside.
[004802] 6. A product according to paragraph [004799], wherein at least one sweetener is a sweet tea glycoside, a mogroside or glycyrrhizin.
[004803] 7. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004799] to [004802], wherein at least one sweetener is a naturally occurring terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004804] 8. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004799] to [004803], wherein at least one sweetener is a glycosylated terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004805] 9. A product according to paragraph [004797] or paragraph [004798], wherein at least one sweetener is sucralose. [004806] 10. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004805], wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004807] 11. A product according to paragraph [004806], wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-threonine or L-valine.
[004808] 12. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004807], wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[004809] 13. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004808], wherein at least one amine donor is provided in the form of a yeast extract.
[004810] 14. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004809], wherein the product is preparable by the reaction of the starting materials in a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises the starting materials, one or more solvents and optionally one or more additional acids or bases.
[004811] 15. A product according to paragraph [004810], wherein at least one solvent is water.
[004812] 16. A product according to paragraph [004810] or paragraph [004811], wherein the total amount of the starting materials constitutes from 1 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
[004813] 17. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004810] to [004812], wherein the product is preparable by the steps of (i) reacting the starting materials in the reaction mixture; and (ii) removing the one or more solvents from the reaction mixture to afford the product.
[004814] 18. A product according to paragraph [004813], wherein the one or more solvents are removed by spray drying the reaction mixture.
[004815] 19. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004814], wherein the product is preparable by the reaction of the starting materials at a temperature of from 60 to 150°C, for a reaction period of from 30 minutes to 24 hours.
[004816] 20. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004815], wherein the product is a Maillard reaction product, or a mixture of Maillard reaction products. [004817] 21. A product according to paragraph [004816], wherein the product comprises at least one Amadori product.
[004818] 22. A product according to paragraph [004816] or paragraph [004817], wherein the product comprises one or more non-volatile compounds.
[004819] 23. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004818], wherein the starting materials comprise one or more sweeteners and one or more amine donors, but substantially no reducing sugars.
[004820] 24. A product according to paragraph [004819], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sweeteners to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 99:1 to 4:1 by weight.
[004821] 25. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004818], wherein the starting materials comprise one or more sweeteners, one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004822] 26. A product according to paragraph [004821], wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004823] 27. A product according to paragraph [004821] or paragraph [004822], wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D- glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004824] 28. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004821] to [004823], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sweeteners to the total combined amount of the one or more amine donors and the one or more reducing sugars in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 20:80 by weight.
[004825] 29. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004821] to [004824], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 10:90 by weight.
[004826] 30. A method of preparing a product according to any one of paragraphs
[004797] to [004825], wherein the method comprises the step of reacting the starting materials to afford the product. [004827] 31. A method according to paragraph [004826], wherein the method is a method of increasing the taste and/or smell of the one or more sweeteners of the starting materials by preparing the product.
[004828] 32. A method according to paragraph [004826] or paragraph [004827], wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the one or more sweeteners of the starting materials by preparing the product.
[004829] 33. A method according to paragraph [004827] or paragraph [004828], wherein the product is a product according to any one of paragraphs [004821] to [004825]
[004830] 34. method according to paragraph [004826], wherein the method is a method of reducing the aftertaste and/or the extent of taste lingering of the one or more sweeteners of the starting materials.
[004831] 35. A method according to paragraph [004830], wherein the product is a product according to paragraph [004819] or paragraph [004820]
[004832] 36. A food or beverage comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004825]
[004833] 37. A food or beverage according to paragraph [004832], wherein the total amount of the one or more products constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004834] 38. A food or beverage precursor comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004825]
[004835] 39. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph [004834], wherein the total amount of the one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004825] constitutes from 0.0001 to 15 wt. % of the precursor.
[004836] 40. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph [004834] or paragraph [004835], wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004837] 41. A method of modulating one or more sensory properties of a food or a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the food, beverage, or food or beverage ingredients, one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004825]
[004838] 42. A method according to paragraph [004837], wherein the method is a method of sweetening the food or beverage.
[004839] 43. A method according to paragraph [004837] or paragraph [004838], wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the food or beverage.
[004840] 44. A composition comprising one or more sweeteners, one or more amine donors and optionally one or more reducing sugars.
[004841] 45. A composition according to paragraph [004840], wherein the composition comprises one or more sweeteners and one or more amine donors, but substantially no reducing sugars.
[004842] 46. A composition according to paragraph [004841], wherein the composition is suitable for use as a blend of starting materials to manufacture the product of paragraph [004819] or paragraph [004820]
[004843] 47. A composition according to paragraph [004840], wherein the composition comprises one or more sweeteners, one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004844] 48. A composition according to paragraph [004843], wherein the composition is suitable for use as a blend of starting materials to manufacture the product of any one of paragraphs [004821] to [004825]
[004845] 49. A composition comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004825], and one or more additional components that are suitable for human consumption.
[004846] 50. A composition according to paragraph [004845], wherein the composition is suitable for use as a sweetener or a flavouring agent.
[004847] 51. A composition according to paragraph [004845] or paragraph [004846], wherein the total amount of the one or more products constitutes at least 1 wt. % of the composition. [004848] 52. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004845] to [004847], wherein the one or more additional components are selected from the group consisting of co sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and non-sweetening food or drink additives.
[004849] 53. A composition according to paragraph [004848], wherein the composition comprises one or more sweetener enhancers.
[004850] 54. A composition according to paragraph [004849], wherein the composition comprises thaumatin.
[004851] 55. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004845] to [004850], comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004821] to [004825], and one or more co-sweeteners.
[004852] 56. A composition according to paragraph [004851], wherein at least one co sweetener is a terpenoid sweetener or a terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004853] 57. A composition according to paragraph [004852], wherein at least one co sweetener is a steviol glycoside, a sweet tea glycoside or a mogroside.
[004854] 58. A composition according to paragraph [004852] or paragraph [004853], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a naturally occurring terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004855] 59. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004852] to [004854], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a glycosylated terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004856] 60. A composition according to paragraph [004851], wherein at least one co sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[004857] 61. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004851] to [004856], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more products to the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners is from 1:99 to 99:1 by weight.
[004858] 62. A method of preparing a composition according to any one of paragraphs
[004845] to [004857], wherein the method comprises combining one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004825], with one or more additional components that are suitable for human consumption. [004859] 63. A method of preparing a composition according to any one of paragraphs
[004851] to [004857], wherein the method comprises combining one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004821] to [004825], with one or more co-sweeteners.
[004860] 64. A method according to paragraph [004859], wherein the method is a method of increasing the taste and/or smell of the one or more co-sweeteners.
[004861] 65. A method according to paragraph [004859] or paragraph [004860], wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the one or more co-sweeteners.
[004862] 66. A method according to any one of paragraphs [004859] to [004861], wherein the method is a method of reducing the aftertaste and/or the extent of taste lingering of the one or more co-sweeteners.
[004863] 67. A food or beverage comprising one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs [004845] to [004857]
[004864] 68. A food or beverage according to paragraph [004863], wherein the total amount of the one or more compositions constitutes from 0.0001 to 10 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004865] 69. A food or beverage precursor comprising one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs [004845] to [004857]
[004866] 70. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph [004865], wherein the total amount of the one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs [004845] to [004857] constitutes from 0.0001 to 50 wt. % of the precursor.
[004867] 71. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph [004865] or paragraph [004866], wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004868] 72. A method of modulating one or more sensory properties of a food or a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the food, beverage, or food or beverage ingredients, one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs [004845] to [004857]
[004869] 73. A method according to paragraph [004868], wherein the method is a method of sweetening the food or beverage. [004870] 74. A method according to paragraph [004868] or paragraph [004869], wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the food or beverage.
[004871] 75. A product preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004872] 76. A product according to paragraph [004871], wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004873] 77. A product according to paragraph [004871] or paragraph [004872], wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D- glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004874] 78. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004873], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 75:25 to 50:50 by weight.
[004875] 79. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004874], wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004876] 80. A product according to paragraph [004875], wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline or L-valine.
[004877] 81. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004875], wherein the product is preparable by the reaction of the starting materials in a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises the starting materials, one or more solvents and optionally one or more additional acids or bases.
[004878] 82. A product according to paragraph [004877], wherein at least one solvent is water.
[004879] 83. A product according to paragraph [004877] or paragraph [004878], wherein the total amount of the starting materials constitutes from 1 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
[004880] 84. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004877] to [004879], wherein the product is preparable by the steps of (i) reacting the starting materials in the reaction mixture; and (ii) removing the one or more solvents from the reaction mixture to afford the product. [004881] 85. A product according to paragraph [004880], wherein the one or more solvents are removed by spray drying the reaction mixture.
[004882] 86. A product according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004881], wherein the product is preparable by the reaction of the starting materials at a temperature of from 60 to 150°C, for a reaction period of from 30 minutes to 24 hours.
[004883] 87. A method of preparing a product according to any one of paragraphs
[004871] to [004882], wherein the method comprises the step of reacting the starting materials to afford the product.
[004884] 88. A food or beverage comprising one or more products according to any one of claims [004871] to [004883]
[004885] 89. A food or beverage according to paragraph [004884], wherein the total amount of the one or more products constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.0 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004886] 90. A food or beverage precursor comprising one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004883]
[004887] 91. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph [004886], wherein the total amount of the one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004883] constitutes from 0.0001 to 15 wt. % of the precursor.
[004888] 92. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph [004886] or paragraph [004887], wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004889] 93. A method of modulating one or more sensory properties of a food or a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the food, beverage, or food or beverage ingredients, one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004883]
[004890] 94. A method according to paragraph [004889], wherein the method is a method of sweetening the food or beverage.
[004891] 95. A method according to paragraph [004889] or paragraph [004890], wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the food or beverage. [004892] 96. A composition comprising one or more sweeteners and one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004883]
[004893] 97. A composition according to paragraph [004892], wherein at least one sweetener is a non-sugar sweetener.
[004894] 98. A composition according to paragraph [004892] or paragraph [004893], wherein at least one sweetener is a terpenoid sweetener or a terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004895] 99. A composition according to paragraph [004894], wherein at least one sweetener is a steviol glycoside, a sweet tea glycoside or a mogroside.
[004896] 100. A composition according to paragraph [004894] or paragraph [004895], wherein at least one sweetener is a naturally occurring terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004897] 101. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004894] to [004896], wherein at least one sweetener is a glycosylated terpenoid glycoside sweetener.
[004898] 102. A composition according to paragraph [004892] or paragraph [004893], wherein at least one sweetener is sucralose.
[004899] 103. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004892] to [004898], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sweeteners to the total amount of the one or more products is from 100:1 to 1:10 by weight.
[004900] 104. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004892] to [004899], wherein the composition further comprises one or more additional components that are suitable for human consumption.
[004901] 105. A composition according to paragraph [004900], wherein the composition further comprises one or more sweetener enhancers.
[004902] 106. A composition according to paragraph [004901], wherein the composition further comprises thaumatin.
[004903] 107. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004892] to [004902], wherein the total amount of the one or more sweeteners and the one or more products constitutes at least 1 wt. % of the composition.
[004904] 108. A composition according to any one of paragraphs [004892] to [004903], wherein the composition is suitable for use as a sweetener or a flavouring agent. [004905] 109. A method of preparing a composition according to any one of paragraphs
[004892] to [004904], wherein the method comprises combining one or more sweeteners with one or more products according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004883]
[004906] 110. A method according to paragraph [004905], wherein the method is a method of increasing the taste and/or smell of the one or more sweeteners by preparing the composition.
[004907] 111. A method according to paragraph [004905] or paragraph [004906], wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the one or more sweeteners by preparing the composition.
[004908] 112. A method according to any one of paragraphs [004905] to [004907], wherein the method is a method of reducing the aftertaste and/or the extent of taste lingering of the one or more sweeteners of the starting materials.
[004909] 113. A food or beverage comprising one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs [004892] to [004904]
[004910] 114. A food or beverage according to paragraph [004909], wherein the total amount of the one or more compositions constitutes from constitutes from 0.0001 to 10 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004911] 115. A food or beverage precursor comprising one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs [004892] to [004904]
[004912] 116. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph [004911], wherein the total amount of the one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs [004892] to [004904] constitutes from 0.0001 to 50 wt. % of the precursor.
[004913] 117. A food or beverage precursor according to paragraph [004911] or paragraph [004912], wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004914] 118. A method of modulating one or more sensory properties of a food or a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the food, beverage, or food or beverage ingredients, one or more compositions according to any one of paragraphs [004892] to [004903] [004915] 119. A method according to paragraph [004914], wherein the method is a method of sweetening the food or beverage.
[004916] 120. A method according to paragraph [004914] or paragraph [004915], wherein the method is a method of increasing the kokumi of the food or beverage.
[004917] Still additional embodiments include: 1. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprising one or more sensory modifiers, wherein the sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners, one or more amine donors and optionally one or more reducing sugars.
[004918] 2. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004797], wherein at least one terpenoid glycoside sweetener is a steviol glycoside.
[004919] 3. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004918], wherein at least one steviol glycoside is a naturally occurring steviol glycoside.
[004920] 4. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004918] or paragraph [004803], wherein at least one steviol glycoside is a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004921] 5. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004797], wherein at least one terpenoid glycoside sweetener is a sweet tea glycoside, a mogroside or glycyrrhizin.
[004922] 6. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004921], wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004923] 7. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004806], wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L- phenylalanine, L-proline, L-threonine or L-valine.
[004924] 8. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004807], wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[004925] 9. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004808], wherein at least one amine donor is provided in the form of a yeast extract. [004926] 10. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004809], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of the starting materials in a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises the starting materials, one or more solvents and optionally one or more additional acids or bases.
[004927] 11. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004810], wherein at least one solvent is water.
[004928] 12. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004810] or paragraph [004811], wherein the total amount of the starting materials constitutes from 1 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
[004929] 13. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004810] to [004812], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the steps of (i) reacting the starting materials in the reaction mixture; and (ii) removing the one or more solvents from the reaction mixture to afford the one or more sensory modifiers.
[004930] 14. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004813], wherein the one or more solvents are removed by spray drying the reaction mixture.
[004931] 15. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004814], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of the starting materials at a temperature of from 60 to 150°C, for a reaction period of from 30 minutes to 24 hours.
[004932] 16. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004815], wherein one or more sensory modifiers are a Maillard reaction product, or a mixture of Maillard reaction products.
[004933] 17. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004816], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers comprise at least one Amadori product.
[004934] 18. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004816] or paragraph [004817], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers comprise one or more non-volatile compounds. [004935] 19. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004818], wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners and one or more amine donors, but substantially no reducing sugars.
[004936] 20. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004819], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 99:1 to 4:1 by weight.
[004937] 21. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004818], wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners, one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004938] 22. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004821], wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004939] 23. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004821] or paragraph [004822], wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[004940] 24. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of claims [004821] to [004823], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners to the total combined amount of the one or more amine donors and the one or more reducing sugars in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 20:80 by weight.
[004941] 25. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004821] to [004824], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 10:90 by weight.
[004942] 26. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004825], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers have a citrus or tangerine flavor. [004943] 27. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004942], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004944] 28. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004942], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor, and wherein the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes constitutes from 0.0001 to 15 wt. % of the precursor.
[004945] 29. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004944], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor further comprises one or more co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and/or non-sweetening drink additives.
[004946] 30. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004848], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises one or more sweetener enhancers.
[004947] 31. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004849], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises thaumatin.
[004948] 32. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004945] to [004850], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises one or more co-sweeteners.
[004949] 33. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004851], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity natural sweetener.
[004950] 34. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004851] or paragraph [004852], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a steviol glycoside, such as a naturally occurring steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004951] 35. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004851] to [004853], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener. [004952] 36. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004851] to [004856], wherein at least one co-sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004953] 37. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004851] to [004952], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers to the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners is from 1:99 to 99:1 by weight.
[004954] 38. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004851] to [004857], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 10 wt.% of the food or beverage.
[004955] 39. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004851] to [004857], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor, and wherein the total amount of the one or more co sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 40 wt.% of the precursor.
[004956] 40. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprising one or more sensory modifiers, wherein the sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[004957] 41. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004871], wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[004958] 42. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004871] or paragraph [004872], wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose. [004959] 43. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004873], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 75:25 to 50:50 by weight.
[004960] 44. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004956] to [004874], wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin
[004961] 45. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004874], wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[004962] 46. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004875], wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[004963] 47. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004875] or paragraph [004962], wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L- glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline or L-valine.
[004964] 48. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004875], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of the starting materials in a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises the starting materials, one or more solvents and optionally one or more additional acids or bases.
[004965] 49. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004877], wherein at least one solvent is water.
[004966] 50. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004877] or paragraph [004878], wherein the total amount of the starting materials constitutes from 1 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
[004967] 51. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004877] to [004879], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the steps of (i) reacting the starting materials in the reaction mixture; and (ii) removing the one or more solvents from the reaction mixture to afford the one or more sensory modifiers.
[004968] 52. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004880], wherein the one or more solvents are removed by spray drying the reaction mixture. [004969] 53. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004871] to [004881], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of the starting materials at a temperature of from 60 to 150°C, for a reaction period of from 30 minutes to 24 hours.
[004970] 54. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004956] to [004882], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers have a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[004971] 55. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004956] to [004970], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the food or beverage.
[004972] 56. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004956] to [004970], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor, and wherein the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes constitutes from 0.0001 to 15 wt. % of the precursor.
[004973] 57. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004956] to [004971], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor further comprises one or more co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and/or non-sweetening drink additives.
[004974] 58. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004973], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises one or more sweetener enhancers.
[004975] 59. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004974], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises thaumatin.
[004976] 60. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004956] to [004975], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor comprises one or more co-sweeteners.
[004977] 61. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004976], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a terpenoid glycoside sweetener. [004978] 62. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to paragraph
[004977], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a is a steviol glycoside, such as a naturally occurring steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[004979] 63. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004976] to [004978], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[004980] 64. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004976] to [004979], wherein at least one co-sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[004981] 65. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004976] to [004980], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 10 wt.% of the food or beverage.
[004982] 66. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004976] to [004980], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor, and wherein the total amount of the one or more co sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 50 wt.% of the precursor.
[004983] 67. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004982], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a beverage.
[004984] 68. A beverage according to paragraph [004983], wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[004985] 69. A beverage according to paragraph [004983] or paragraph [004984], wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage. [004986] 70. A beverage according to any one of paragraphs [004983] to [004985], wherein the beverage is a flavored water.
[004987] 71. A beverage according to any one of paragraphs [004983] to [004986], wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[004988] 72. A beverage according to paragraph [004983] or paragraph [004984], wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product.
[004989] 73. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004982], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food.
[004990] 74. A food according to paragraph [004989], wherein the food is a bakery product.
[004991] 75. A food according to paragraph [004989], wherein the food is a biscuit or a cake.
[004992] 76. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004982], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food or beverage, and wherein the food or beverage is a dairy product.
[004993] 77. A food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004992], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is a food precursor or a beverage precursor.
[004994] 78. A food precursor or a beverage precursor according to paragraph [004993], wherein the food or beverage precursor is suitable for transformation into a food or beverage by reconstitution and/or by heat treatment, optionally with mixing.
[004995] 79. A food precursor or a beverage precursor according to paragraph [004993] or paragraph [004994], wherein the food or beverage precursor is a beverage precursor.
[004996] 80. A beverage precursor according to paragraph [004995], wherein the beverage precursor is a powdered or granulated drink, or a syrup or concentrate.
[004997] 81. A food precursor or a beverage precursor according to paragraph [004993] or paragraph [004994], wherein the food or beverage precursor is a food precursor. [004998] 82. A food precursor according to paragraph [004997], wherein the food or beverage precursor is a dough.
[004999] 83. A food precursor according to paragraph [004997], wherein the food or beverage precursor is a biscuit mix or a cake mix.
[005000] 84. A sealed container comprising a food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor according to any one of paragraphs [004797] to [004999], wherein the food, beverage, or food or beverage precursor is sealed within the sealed container.
[005001] 85. A method of making a bakery product, the method comprising the baking of a dough according to paragraph [004998] into a bakery product.
[005002] 86. A bakery product preparable by the method of paragraph [005001]
[005003] 87. A method for improving the taste profile of a bakery product, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
[005004] (i) preparing a dough according to paragraph [004998]; and
[005005] (ii) baking the dough to produce the bakery product.
[005006] 88. A method of making a biscuit or a cake, the method comprising the baking of a biscuit mix or a cake mix according to paragraph [004999] into a biscuit or a cake.
[005007] 89. A biscuit or a cake preparable by the method of paragraph [005006]
[005008] 90. A method for improving the taste profile of a biscuit or a cake, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
[005009] (i) preparing a biscuit mix or cake mix according to paragraph [004999]; and
[005010] (ii) baking the biscuit mix or the cake mix to produce the biscuit or cake.
[005011] 91. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the beverage or beverage ingredients one or more sensory modifiers, wherein the sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners, one or more amine donors and optionally one or more reducing sugars.
[005012] 92. A method according to paragraph [005011], wherein at least one terpenoid glycoside sweetener is a steviol glycoside. [005013] 93. A method according to paragraph [005012], wherein at least one steviol glycoside is a naturally occurring steviol glycoside.
[005014] 94. A method according to paragraph [005012] or paragraph [005013], wherein at least one steviol glycoside is a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005015] 95. A method according to paragraph [005011], wherein at least one terpenoid glycoside sweetener is a sweet tea glycoside, a mogroside or glycyrrhizin.
[005016] 96. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005015], wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[005017] 97. A method according to paragraph [005016], wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-threonine or L-valine.
[005018] 98. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005017], wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[005019] 99. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005018], wherein at least one amine donor is provided in the form of a yeast extract.
[005020] 100. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005019], wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners and one or more amine donors, but substantially no reducing sugars.
[005021] 101. A method according to paragraph [005020], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 99:1 to 4:1 by weight.
[005022] 102. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005019], wherein the starting materials comprise one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners, one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[005023] 103. A method according to paragraph [005022], wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[005024] 104. A method according to paragraph [005022] or paragraph [005023], wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D- glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose. [005025] 105. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005022] to [005024], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more terpenoid glycoside sweeteners to the total combined amount of the one or more amine donors and the one or more reducing sugars in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 20:80 by weight.
[005026] 106. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005022] to [005025], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 90:10 to 10:90 by weight.
[005027] 107. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005026], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers have a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[005028] 108. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005027], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are added in an amount such that the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the final beverage.
[005029] 109. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005028], wherein method further comprises the step of adding one or more co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and/or non-sweetening drink additives to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[005030] 110. A method according to paragraph [005029], wherein the method comprises the step of adding one or more sweetener enhancers to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[005031] 111. A method according to paragraph [005030], wherein the method comprises the step of adding thaumatin to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[005032] 112. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005029] to [005031], wherein the method comprises the step of adding one or more co-sweeteners to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[005033] 113. A method according to paragraph [005032], wherein at least one co sweetener is a high intensity natural sweetener.
[005034] 114. A method according to paragraph [005032] or paragraph [005033], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a steviol glycoside, such as a naturally occurring steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside. [005035] 115. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005032] to [005034], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[005036] 116. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005032] to [005035], wherein at least one co-sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[005037] 117. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005032] to [005036], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers to the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners in the final beverage is from 1:99 to 99:1 by weight.
[005038] 118. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005032] to [005037], wherein the one or more co-sweeteners are added in an amount such that the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 10 wt.% of the final beverage.
[005039] 119. A method for improving the taste profile of a beverage, wherein the method comprises the step of adding to the beverage or beverage ingredients one or more sensory modifiers, wherein the sensory modifiers are preparable by the reaction of starting materials, wherein the starting materials comprise one or more amine donors and one or more reducing sugars.
[005040] 120. A method according to paragraph [005039], wherein at least one reducing sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide.
[005041] 121. A method according to paragraph [005039] or paragraph [005040], wherein the one or more reducing sugars are selected from the group consisting of D-xylose, D- glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose and lactose.
[005042] 122. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005039] to [005041], wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more reducing sugars to the total amount of the one or more amine donors in the starting materials is from 75:25 to 50:50 by weight. [005043] 123. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005039] to [005042], wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin
[005044] 124. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005039] to [005043], wherein at least one amine donor is an amino acid.
[005045] 125. A method according to paragraph [005044], wherein at least one amine donor is thaumatin.
[005046] 126. A method according to paragraph [005044] or paragraph [005045], wherein at least one amine donor is L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L- phenylalanine, L-proline or L-valine.
[005047] 127. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005039] to [005046], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers have a citrus or tangerine flavor.
[005048] 128. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005039] to [005047], wherein the one or more sensory modifiers are added in an amount such that the total amount of the one or more sensory modifiers constitutes from 0.0001 to 1.5 wt. % of the final beverage.
[005049] 129. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005039] to [005048], wherein method further comprises the step of adding one or more co-sweeteners, sweetener enhancers and/or non-sweetening drink additives to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[005050] 130. A method according to paragraph [005049], wherein the method comprises the step of adding one or more sweetener enhancers to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[005051] 131. A method according to paragraph [005050], wherein the method comprises the step of adding thaumatin to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[005052] 132. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005049] to [005051], wherein the method comprises the step of adding one or more co-sweeteners to the beverage or beverage ingredients.
[005053] 133. A method according to paragraph [005052], wherein at least one co sweetener is a high intensity natural sweetener. [005054] 134. A method according to paragraph [005052] or paragraph [005053], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a steviol glycoside, such as a naturally occurring steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005055] 135. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005052] to [005054], wherein at least one co-sweetener is a high intensity synthetic sweetener.
[005056] 136. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005052] to [005055], wherein at least one co-sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, ethyl maltol and advantame.
[005057] 137. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005052] to [005056], wherein the one or more co-sweeteners are added in an amount such that the total amount of the one or more co-sweeteners constitutes from 0.001 to 10 wt.% of the final beverage.
[005058] 138. A method according to paragraph any one of paragraphs [005011] to
[005057], wherein the beverage does not contain any product made from roasted coffee beans.
[005059] 139. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005058], wherein the beverage is a carbonated soft beverage.
[005060] 140. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005058], wherein the beverage is a flavored water.
[005061] 141. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005058], wherein the beverage is a fruit juice or a beverage comprising a fruit juice.
[005062] 142. A method according to any one of paragraphs [005011] to [005058], wherein the beverage is a diary beverage or a beverage comprising a dairy product.
[005063] Still further embodiments include : 1. A flavor or sweetener composition comprising a Maillard reaction product and a first sweetening agent, wherein the Maillard Reaction product is a reaction product of a mixture comprising a sugar donor and an amine donor; the first sweetening agent is one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside and mixtures thereof.
[005064] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, the sugar donor comprises a reducing sugar; preferably, the reducing sugar is one or more selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof; preferably, the reducing sugar is one or more selected from mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or mixtures thereof.
[005065] 3. The composition of paragraph 2, the sugar donor comprises the second sweetening agent, and the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[005066] 4. The composition of paragraph 3, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005067] 5. The composition of paragraph 1, the sugar donor comprises the second sweetening agent, and the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[005068] 6. The composition of paragraph 5, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005069] 7. The composition of any one of paragraphs 4 or 6, the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof. [005070] 8. The composition of paragraph 7, wherein the amino acid is one or more selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[005071] 9. The composition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the steviol glycoside is one or more selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof; Preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of rebaudioside A with at least one selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or any mixtures thereof; More preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of at least two selected from rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005072] 10. The composition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the steviol glycoside is one or more selected from rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, or mixtures thereof.
[005073] 11. The composition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the steviol glycoside is rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005074] 12. The composiition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof. [005075] 13. The composiition of paragraph 7 or 8 , wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005076] 14. The composition of paragraph 7 or 8, wherein the steviol glycoside is A with a purity of at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[005077] 15. The composition of any one of paragraphs 9-14, wherein the composition further comprises the sweetener enhancer; preferably, the sweetener enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, or mixtures thereof.
[005078] 16. The composition of any one of paragraphs 9-14, wherein the sweetener enhancer is thaumatin.
[005079] 17. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the sweetener enhancer is 0.01 ppm -60%, preferably lppm-50%, more preferably l%-40% by weight of the total weight of the composition..
[005080] 18. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the Maillard reaction product is present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
[005081] 19. The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the weight ratio of the Maillard reaction product to the first sweetening agent is 0.5:99.5 to 99.5: 0.5, preferably, 1:50:50:1.
[005082] 20. The composition of any one of paragraph 1-19, wherein the composition comprises the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s).
[005083] 21. The composition of paragraph 20, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[005084] 22. The composition of any one of paragraph 1-19, wherein the Maillard reaction product is the result of the Maillard reaction without separation or purification from reaction component.
[005085] 23. The composition of paragraph 22, wherein the Maillard reaction product consists of volatile substances and non-volatile substances.
[005086] 24. The composition of paragraph 23, wherein the weight ratio of the volatile substances and the non-volatile substances is 1:99: to 99:1.
[005087] 25. The composition of paragraph 22, wherein the Maillard reaction product comprisses the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides and unreacted stevia extract or steviol glycosides.
[005088] 26. The composition of paragraph 25, wherein the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides comprises volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside components, which is preferably charactized by citrus flavor.
[005089] 27. The composition of paragraph 25, wherein the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides comprises comprises non-volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside, which is preferably one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent- kaurene structure.
[005090] 28. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-27, wherein the composition further comprises an alkaline pH adjuster.
[005091] 29. The composition of paragraph 28, wherein the alkaline pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
[005092] 30. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-29, wherein the composition further comprises a salt.
[005093] 31. The composition of paragraph 30, wherein the salt is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof. [005094] 32. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1-31, wherein the composition further comprises acids, which is preferablly one or more selected from acetic acid, propanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, trans 2-hexenoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, (Z)-9- octadecenoic acid, decahydro-l-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 2,3-dihyd-9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid and or mixture thereof.
[005095] 33. The composition of paragraph 3, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a sweet tea extract, rubusoside and suaviosides, glycosylated sweet tea extract, or glycosylated rubusoside, glycosylated suaviosides and /or mixtures thereof.
[005096] 34. The composition of paragraph 1, the sugar donor comprises a second sweetening agent, and the second sweetening agent is is one or more selected from a sweet tea extract, rubusoside and suaviosides, glycosylated sweet tea extract, or glycosylated rubusoside, glycosylated suaviosides and /or mixtures thereof.
[005097] 35. The composition of paragraph 1, the sugar donor comprises a second sweetening agent, and the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a swingle extract, mogoroside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[005098] 36. The composition of paragraph 3, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a sweet tea extract, rubusoside and suaviosides, glycosylated sweet tea extract, or glycosylated rubusoside, glycosylated suaviosides and /or mixtures thereof.
[005099] 37. The composition of paragraph 3, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a swingle extract, mogoroside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[005100] 38. A food or beverage with decreased unsatisfactory or unpleasant taste, which comprises foodstuff and the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-37, said unsatisfactory or unpleasant taste is one or more of sour, astringent, bitter taste or aftertaste, metallic taste, stale taste, an alkaline taste, a mineral or pungent taste, the grassy, earthy or herb taste.
[005101] 39. The food or beverage of paragraph 38, wherein the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-37 is lppm -99%, more preferably 0.001-20 wt %, further preferably 0.001- lwt % by weight of the food. [005102] 40. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food is reduced salt food.
[005103] 41. The food or beverage of 40, the food or beverage is enhanced salty taste without increasing sodium intake.
[005104] 42. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is vegetable or vegetable juices, especially garlic, ginger, or beet root.
[005105] 43. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains vegetables with a bitter taste, which is preferably artichoke, broccoli, radicchio, arugula, brussels sprout, chicory, white asparagus, endive, kale and brassica, dandelion, eggplant or bitter melon.
[005106] 44. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is juices, juice concentrate, or fruit extract, which is preferably cranberry, pomegranate, bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, grapefruit, lime and citrus.
[005107] 45. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains minerals and trace elements.
[005108] 46. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is vitamin fortified food or beverage with vitamin B an d vitamin C.
[005109] 47. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains amino acids, which is preferably seleted from arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine HCI, glutamine, histidine HCI, isoleucine, lysine HCI, methionite, proline, tryptophan, valine, and any mixture thereof.
[005110] 48. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains fatty acids, which is preferably linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid.
[005111] 49. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage contains natural herbs, natural herb extracts, concentrates, or purified substances from herbs.
[005112] 50. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is caffeine, tea extract, ginseng juice or ginseng extract, taurine or guarana that function to boost energy.
[005113] 51. The food or beverage of paragraph 38 or 39, the food or beverage is cocoa powder or coffee powder, cocoa or coffee extract; or tea powder or tea extract, or flavored tea. [005114] 52. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 38-51, the food or beverage contains natural antioxidant, which is preferably enriched in anthocyanins.
[005115] 53. A food or beverage with kokumi, which comprises foodstuff and the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-37; preferably, wherein the MRP composition is present in the final food or beverage in an amount of 0.001-20 wt %, more preferably 0.001- lwt %.
[005116] 54. A method for producing the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-37, comprising the step of mixing the Mailard reaction product and a first sweetening agent.
[005117] 55. The method of paragraph 54, wherein the Mailard reaction product is obtained from the step comprising:
[005118] preparing a reaction mixture comprising:
[005119] the sugar donor and amine donor;
[005120] combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution; and
[005121] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry;
[005122] wherein the first sweetening agent is added to the solution or slurry during or after the completion of the Maillard reaction, to form a Millard reaction mixture composition.
[005123] 56. The method of paragraph 55, the sugar donor is the reducing sugar.
[005124] 57. The method of paragraph 55, the sugar donor is the mixture of reducing sugar and the second sweetening agent.
[005125] 58. The method of paragraph 55, the sugar donor is the second sweetening agent.
[005126] 59. The method of paragraph 58, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005127] 60. The method of paragraph 58, the first sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005128] 61. The method of any one of paragraphs 54-60, comprising isolating the
Millard Reaction mixture composition. [005129] 62. A method for producing the food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 38-
56, comprising the step of mixing the Mailard reaction product, a first sweetening agent and the foodstuff.
[005130] 63. The method of paragraph 62, wherein the Mailard reaction product is obtained from the step comprising:
[005131] preparing a reaction mixture comprising:
[005132] the sugar donor and amine donor;
[005133] combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution; and
[005134] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry;
[005135] wherein the first sweetening agent is added to the solution or slurry during or after the completion of the Maillard reaction, to form a Millard reaction mixture composition; and
[005136] adding the Millard Reaction mixture composition to provide a food or beverage, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved.
[005137] 64. The method of paragraph 63, the sugar donor is the reducing sugar.
[005138] 65. The method of paragraph 63, the sugar donor is the mixture of reducing sugar and the second sweetening agent.
[005139] 66. The method of paragraph 63, the sugar donor is the second sweetening agent.
[005140] 67. The method of paragraph 66, the second sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005141] 68. The method of paragraph 66, the first sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005142] 69. The method of any one of paragraph 62-68, comprising isolating the
Millard Reaction mixture composition.
[005143] 70. A Maillard reaction product which is formed by a reaction mixture containing a sweetening agent and an amine donor, the sweetening agent is one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside or mixtures thereof.
[005144] 71. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 70, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated steviol glycoside and mixtures thereof.
[005145] 72. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 70, the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
[005146] 73. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 70 or 72, the amine donor comprises thaumatin, preferably, thaumain is 0.01ppm--90%, preferably lppm-80%, more preferably l%-70% by weight of the reaction mixture from which the Mailard reaction product is formed.
[005147] 74. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 70 or 72, wherein the amino acid is one or more selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
[005148] 75. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 74, wherein the steviol glycoside is one or more selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof; Preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of rebaudioside A with at least one selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or any mixtures thereof; More preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of at least two selected from rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005149] 76. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 74, wherein the steviol glycoside is rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005150] 77. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 74, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[005151] 78. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 74, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005152] 79. The Mailard reaction product of any one of paragraphs 74-78, the steviol glycoside is A with a purity of at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[005153] 80. The Mailard reaction product of any one of paragraphs 74-79, the Maillard reaction product comprisses the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides and unreacted stevia extract or steviol glycosides.
[005154] 81. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 80, the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides comprise volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside components, which is preferably charactized by citrus flavor.
[005155] 82. The Mailard reaction product of paragraph 80 or 81, the direct resultant of the stevia or steviol glycosides comprises comprises non-volatile substances of non-stevia glycoside, which is preferably one or more molecules characterized by terpene, di-terpene, or ent-kaurene structure.
[005156] 83. A food or beverage with decreased unsatisfactory or unpleasant taste, which comprises foodstuff and the Mailard reaction product of any one of paragraphs 70-82.
[005157] 84. The food or beverage of paragraph 83, wherein said unsatisfactory or unpleasant taste is one or more of sour, astringent, bitter taste or aftertaste, metallic taste, stale taste, an alkaline taste, a mineral or pungent taste, the grassy, earthy or herb taste.
[005158] 85. The food or beverage of paragraph 83, wherein the food comprises a sweetening agent, which is preferably one or more selected from a licorice extract, a sweet tea extract, a stevia extract, a swingle extract, sweet tea glycoside (rubusoside and suaviosides), a steviol glycoside, mogoroside, a glycosylated sweet tea extract, a glycosylated stevia extract, a glycosylated swingle extract, a glycosylated sweet tea glycoside, a glycosylated steviol glycoside, a glycosylated mogroside and mixtures thereof.
[005159] 86. The food or beverage of paragraph 85, wherein the sweetening agent is one or more selected from a stevia extract, a steviol glycoside or a glycosylated steviol glycoside.
[005160] The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 83-86, wherein the product of any one of paragraphs 70-82 is added to the foodstuff to obtain the food or beverage; preferably, wherein the MRP product is present in the final food or beverage in an amount of 0.001-20 wt %, more preferably 0.001- lwt %.
[005161] 87. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-86, wherein the steviol glycoside is one or more selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof; Preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of rebaudioside A with at least one selected from steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or any mixtures thereof; More preferably, the stevia extract comprises combination of at least two selected from rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005162] 88. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-86, wherein the steviol glycoside is rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005163] 89. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-86,, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside is one or more selected from glycosylation products of steviol, stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside O, rebaudioside H, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rubusoside, dulcoside A or mixtures thereof.
[005164] 90. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-87, wherein the glycosylated steviol glycoside one or more selected from glycosylation products of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside B; rebaudioside B and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside D; rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M; rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D, and rebaudioside M.
[005165] 91. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 85-87, wherein the steviol glycoside is A with a purity of at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%.
[005166] 92. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 83-91, wherein the Maillard reaction product is present from about 109 ppb to about 99% by weight of the total weight of the food or beverage.
[005167] 93. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 83-12, wherein the composition comprises the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s). [005168] 94. The food or beverage of paragraph 93, wherein the one or more non nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
[005169] 95. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-94, wherein the food or beverage further comprises an alkaline pH adjuster, which is preferably sodium hydroxide.
[005170] 96. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-95, wherein the food or beverage contains a salt; preferably, the salt is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or mixtures thereof; more preferably, the weight content of the salt in the total weight of the food or beverage is 0.01%-40%.
[005171] 97. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-97, wherein the food or beverage further comprises acids, which is preferablly one or more selected from acetic acid, propanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, trans 2-hexenoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, decahydro-l-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 2,3-dihyd-9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid and or mixture thereof; ; more preferably, the weight content of the acids in the total weight of the food or beverage is 0.01%-60%.
[005172] 98. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-97, wherein the food or beverage is enhanced salty taste without increasing sodium intake.
[005173] 99. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-98, wherein the food or beverage is vegetable or vegetable juices, especially garlic, ginger, or beet root.
[005174] 100. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage contains vegetables with a bitter taste, which is preferably artichoke, broccoli, radicchio, arugula, brussels sprout, chicory, white asparagus, endive, kale and brassica, dandelion, eggplant or bitter melon. [005175] 101. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is juices, juice concentrate, or fruit extract, which is preferably cranberry, pomegranate, bilberry, raspberry, lingonberry, grapefruit, lime and citrus.
[005176] 102. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is vitamin fortified food or beverage with vitamin B an d vitamin C; or the food or beverage contains minerals and trace elements.
[005177] 103. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage contains amino acids, which is preferably seleted from arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine HCI, glutamine, histidine HCI, isoleucine, lysine HCI, methionite, proline, tryptophan, valine, and any mixture thereof.
[005178] 104. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage contains natural herbs, natural herb extracts, concentrates, or purified substances from herbs.
[005179] 105. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is caffeine, tea extract, ginseng juice or ginseng extract, taurine or guarana that function to boost energy.
[005180] 106. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-99, wherein the food or beverage is cocoa powder or coffee powder, cocoa or coffee extract; or tea powder or tea extract, or flavored tea.
[005181] 107. The food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 86-106, wherein the food or beverage contains natural antioxidant, which is preferably enriched in anthocyanins.
[005182] 108. A food or beverage with kokumi, which comprises foodstuff and the product of any one of paragraphs 70-82.
[005183] 109. The food or beverage with kokumi, wherein the MRP product is present in the final food or beverage in an amount of 0.001-20 wt %, more preferably 0.001- lwt %.
[005184] 110. A method for producing the composition of any one of paragraphs 70-82, comprising the step of combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution; and [005185] heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry to carry out the Maillard reaction, to form the Millard reaction mixture composition.
[005186] 111. A method for producing the food or beverage of any one of paragraphs 83-
110, comprising the step of mixing the Mailard reaction product and the foodstuff.
[005187] 112. The method of paragraph 111, during or after the completion of the
Maillard reaction, the Mailard reaction mixture or product is mixed with the foodsutff to obtain the food or beverage.
[005188] Additionally, for example, stevioside tastes bitter when provided at high concentrations in food and beverages. The present embodiments described herein provide an excellent method to improve the taste profile of stevia glycosides containing stevioside, where the content of stevioside could be in range of 0.1% up to 99.5%.
[005189] Similarly, the MRP technology described herein can be used for improving the taste profile of allulose.
[005190] The stevia glycosides described herein can be treated before, during or after the Maillard reaction by an enzymatic method in order to provide a designed taste profile.
[005191] The stevia glycosides can be a combination of small molecules such as rubusoside, steviabioside, steviamonoside or their mixture with blends of Reb A, Reb B, Reb D and Reb M.
[005192] An additional sugar donor can be Vitamin Bl.
[005193] The stevia glycosides could be fractionated to essentially consist of high molecular weight molecules.
[005194] Adding thaumatin can enhance the MRP's function with stevia, further adding malic acid can improve the taste profile substantially, such as less lingering.
[005195] Vanilla, maltol or other flavor modifier product(s) "FMPs" can be added to the compositions described herein to further improve the taste.
[005196] The compositions or processes described herein can be used for, for example, the modification of beef, chicken, cocoa, pork, chocolate, or coffee flavor production. [005197] The product could be used as part or whole ingredients for injection powder flavors. The molecule(s) is/are small enough to encapsulate the flavor and surface areas are small enough to be injectable.
[005198] The compositions can further include tea extract, rosemary extract, vitamin E, etc. to protect the flavor from oxidation such as lemon or citrus flavor.
[005199] In one aspect, monk fruit extract with Maillard reaction products described herein could be used especially for the savory industry to improve its overall taste.
[005200] Traditionally, the use of regular guar gum and other thickeners have been limited to certain applications due to their notable "beany" or "grassy" off notes in both flavor and odor. These "off notes" are the result of volatile organic compounds such as hexanal and hexanoic acid etc. These compounds can influence the sensation of many delicate flavors in food and beverage applications. The MRPs (as well as the compositions and components described herein) can modify the taste of thickeners, such as guar gum, caragum, xanthan gum etc. so that the taste is more pleasing to the consumer. The MRPs described herein could also partially or totally replace thickeners used in the food and beverage industry. There is a synergy between the MRPs and thickeners to obtain a balance of taste and cost.
[005201] MRPs can also act as a color or coloring agent by optimization of reaction conditions. The MRPs' own color can be combined with natural colors to create new colors. The MRPs can be blended with other colors to remove the unpleasant taste associated with the color/coloring agent.
[005202] In one aspect, the MRP(s) can be used as a flavor modifier or taste enhancer, or flavor taste. Use of high MRPs ratio to an SG, MG, GSG, GMG, etc. is preferable.
[005203] Compared with standard stevia glycosides such as RA50SG95, RA80SG95, adding MRPs or using stevia derived MRPs in tabletop sweeteners can enhance the flavor of tea or coffee, as examples, to make the drink more tasteful. Similarly, it can play this role for powdered beverages when added.
[005204] Maillard reaction normally create a brownish color, which might not be desirable in certain applications. The inventors successfully developed a method to select optimized reactants and reaction condition for a desired color. Thus the final product contains good color, aroma, taste and texture. Suitable colors include, for example, red, orange, yellow, etc.
[005205] The natural extracts used in Maillard Reactions described herein can include any solvent extract containing substances such as polyphenols, free amino acids, flavonoids etc. The extract can be further purified by methods such as resin-enriched, membrane filtration, crystallization etc.
[005206] Vegetarian foods have become popular. Regular proteins etc. are challenged to have similar tastes like meat, chicken, fish, etc. Therefore, it is desirable to look for new solutions for meat-like, chicken-like or fish-like flavors. One embodiment of vegetarian foods includes compositions in this invention that provide flavor that is non-animal based compositions that have a meat-like, chicken-like or fish-like taste.
[005207] In certain MRPs, it is possible to have low soluble or insoluble amino acids or by products thereof in the final products. One embodiment herein comprises processes to use filtration methods to remove insoluble materials from any MRPs composition.
[005208] Compositions disclosed herein, such as conventional MRPs (from a reducing sugar and an amine) , or non-conventional (a non-reducing sugar material) stevia derived
MRPs, can provide quick onset of the sweetening agent or other high synthetic sweeteners. One embodiment comprises a method of using compositions in this invention to improve quick- onset of sweetening agent or other high synthetic sweeteners. Another embodiment herein is sugar reduced foods and beverages including the compositions described throughout which can be used for quick onset sweetness.
[005209] Except for possible harmful substances created by the nature of cooking, MRPs occur naturally in bread, meat etc. by baking and grilling etc. The MRPs of such cooking do have a challenge of unpredictabililty, reproducibility, reproducible smells and or reproducible taste when prepared. The current embodiments overcome these disadvantages and provide reproducible taste, smell and are predictible, i.e. same amounts of the conventional and non- conventional MRPS described herein, when added to food or beverages even from different batches yield the same smell/taste in the same product. One embodiment described herein is to make the smell and taste profile of food and beverage predictable and reproducible with the use and inclusion of the compositions described herein.
[005210] Tabletops: tabletop sugar replacements in general lack good taste compared with sugar, especially for solid tabletop replacements. The inventors have found solutions to make tabletop sugar replacements more palatable. For instance, in one aspect, the product tastes like molasses and comprises compositions as such as described herein.
[005211] In general, amino acids could be classified by characteristics. One or more amino acids from the following categories can be selected and used in the embodiments described herein. The skilled artisan should understand that the the inventors found optimum conditions to demonstrate Maillard reactions and formation of MRPs without limitation.
[005212] (1) Nonpolar Amino Acids
[005213] Ala: Alanine
[005214] Gly: Glycine
[005215] lie: Isoleucine
[005216] Leu: Leucine
[005217] Met: Methionine
[005218] Trp: Tryptophan
[005219] Phe: Phenylalanine
[005220] Pro: Proline
[005221] Val: Valine
[005222] (2) Polar Amino Acids
[005223] Cys: Cysteine
[005224] Ser: Serine
[005225] Thr: Threonine
[005226] Tyr: Tyrosine
[005227] Asn: Asparagine
[005228] Gin: Glutamine
[005229] Polar Basic Amino Acids (Positively Charged)
[005230] His: Histidine [005231] Lys: Lysine
[005232] Arg: Arginine
[005233] Polar Acidic Amino Acids (Negatively Charged)
[005234] Asp: Aspartate
[005235] Glu: Glutamate
[005236] For example, one or more compositions selected from sweetening agents, sweetener, sweetener enhancer could be added in ratio of from about 1 to about 99% on a weight/weight basis of total raw material into the following formulation to create a Baked ham flavor:
[005237] Water 10%
[005238] Porklard 5% to 10%
[005239] Cysteine 1% to 5%
[005240] xylose 1% to 5%
[005241] Char Oil hickory l% to 5%
[005242] Hydrolyzed vegetable protein 5% to 10%
[005243] sunflower oil 50% to 75%
[005244] Mix them well with heating to 110 degree C for two hours.
[005245] Cool with mixing to 95 degree C for one hour.
[005246] Allow to separate and filter top oil layer while warm.
[005247] Another example is to add one or more compositions selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, sweetener enhancer in ratio of from about 1 to about 99% on a weight to weight basis of total material in the following formulation to create tea flavored products:
[005248] Reducing sugar: high fructose corn syrup
[005249] Protein: theanine
[005250] Acids: citric acid or phosphoric acid
[005251] The ratio of reducing sugar and acid is 1 to 0.5. Theanine is from about 0.01 to about 0.5%.
[005252] 1. The mixture was heated at 100 to 120 degree C for 15 minutes. [005253] 2. Soluble tea solids was added to the solution and then heated at 182 degree C for 30 minutes. The ratio of tea solids and reducing sugar is about 1:6 to about 2:8.
[005254] 3. Distilled water was added to the mixture and kept at 100 degree C for 45 minutes followed by filtration.
[005255] Another example is to add one or more compositions selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, and sweetener enhancer by ratio of from about 1 to about 99% on a weight to weight basis of total raw material in the following formulation to create specific vegetable flavored products:
[005256] Reducing sugars: glucose, fructose, or sucrose.
[005257] Dehydrated vegetables: cabbage, onion, leek, tomato, eggplant, broccoli sprouts, kidney beans, corn, bean sprouts.
[005258] Soybean oil 500 ~700Kgs.
[005259] Selected vegetable 30~70 Kgs.
[005260] Sugar and water 25~50 Kgs.
[005261] Cysteine 0.001~0.05 Kgs.
[005262] The mixture was mixed uniformly and maintained at the temperature of 135 degree C for 3 hours.
[005263] The solution was cooled down.
[005264] Mushroom flavor products can be prepared by adding one or more compositions selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, and sweetener enhancer in ratio of from about 1 to about 99% on a weight to weight basis of total raw material by following procedures:
[005265] 1. Mushroom hydrolysate:
[005266] Milled dry mushroom 10 to about 30 grams were mixed with distilled water in a ratio of 1:10 to about 1:50.
[005267] The mixtures were preheated at 85 degree C for 30 minutes in order to denature protein.
[005268] After cooling the mixture to 0 degree C, the enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted in two steps.
[005269] a. The 1st. step: [005270] The pH of the mixture was adjusted to about 4 to about 6, then cellulase was added at a ratio of 2:100 or 5:100 while the temperature was between about 55 and about 70 degree . for 2~3 hours.
[005271] b. The 2nd. step:
[005272] The pH was adjusted to 7, then neutral protease was added with at a ratio of 3:100.
[005273] The mixture was digested at 55 degree C for another 2 hours.
[005274] The hydrolysate was heated at 100 degree C or higher for 30 minutes to inactivate the enzymes and was then centrifuged.
[005275] The final supernatant was collected.
[005276] 2. Maillard reaction of mushroom
[005277] D-xylose (0.05~0.20 g) and L-cysteine (0.10~0.20 g) were dissolved into 30 ml of mushroom hydrolysate.
[005278] The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7.4~8.
[005279] Then the mixture was heated at 140 degree C for 135 minutes.
[005280] In another embodiment, , one or more compositions selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, sweetener enhancer in ratio of from about 1 to about 99% on a weight to weight basis of total raw material could be added in the following enzyme modified cheese flavor process:
[005281] Cheddar cheese base preparation:
[005282] Cheddar cheese: 48%
[005283] Water: 48%
[005284] Trisodium Citrate: 2%
[005285] Salt: 1.85%
[005286] Sorbic Acid: 0.15%
[005287] Method:
[005288] Cook the Cheedar cheese base, then cool cheedar cheese base to about 40~45 centigrade, add the enzyme (the enzyme could be one or more selected from Lipase AY30, R, Protease M, A2, P6, Glutaminase SD); [005289] Mix thoroughly;
[005290] Pour the mixture into the jar provided, seal the lid;
[005291] Incubate for 7.5 hours at 45 centigrade;
[005292] Allow to cool.
[005293] In another embodiment, one or more compositions selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, sweetener enhancer could be added in ratio of from about 1 to about a99% on weight to weight basis of total raw material in the following White meat reaction flavor preparation formulation:
[005294] 1.25g Cysteine, l.OOg leucine, 1.25g xylose, 2.00g dextrose, 2.00g salt, 3g torula yeast bionis goldcell (one or more other type of yeasts such as bakers yeast Biospringer BA10, Antolysed Yeast D120/8-PW, Maxarome standard powder, Prime Extract Maxarome Selected, HVP(Protex 2538, Exter 301, Springer 2020, Gistex HUMLS could be used too), 1.5g sunflower oil, and 13g water.
[005295] Method: Make the mixture and heat it as per general process flavor's production method.
[005296] In another embodiment, one or more compositions selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, sweetener enhancer could be added in ratio of from about 1 to about 99% on a weight to weight basis of total raw material in the following Red meat reaction flavor preparation:
[005297] 1.5g cysteine hydrocholoride, l.Og methionine, l.Og thiamine, l.Og xylose, 1.5g
MSG,0.5g ribotide, 9.0g maxarome plus, 5.0g gistex, 1.5g onion powder, l.Og groundnut oil, O.lg black pepper oleoresin, and 26. Og water.
[005298] Method: Weigh ingredients into screw cap bottles provided;
[005299] Mix thoroughly then measure the PH;
[005300] React under pressure at 125 centigrade for 30 minutes at 20 psi.
[005301] Above prepared flavors could be used in beef burger as an example:
[005302] 102g Minced beef, lOOg Minced chicken, 36g chopped onion, 5g rusk (dry type),
3g water, 2.5g salt, 0.25g ground black pepper and 1.25~3.00g reaction flavors. [005303] Method: weigh ingredients into a bowl; mix until ingredients combined; divide into 60g portion; form into a burger shape, fry.
[005304] Again, it should be emphasized that one or more compositions selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, sweetener enhancer detailed herein can be added before, during or after the Maillard reaction, preferably before and during the reaction without limitation of examples. The amine donor could be amino acid, peptide, protein or their mixture from either vegetable or animal source or their mixture. The fat could be either vegetable or animal source or their mixture, too.
[005305] Consumers are now open and willing to experiment with spices to experience new flavors like tamarind, lemongrass, ginger, kaffir lime, cinnamon and clove. From candy to beer to tea, everything with ginger is now fashionable. Ginger works well in alcoholic beverages as a mixer, in ginger beer itself, in confections, muffins and cookies.
[005306] Sodium metabisulfite, olive oil and ascorbic acid were found to be effective to stabilize the antibacterial activity. 1.5% CMC shows a good performance too. Ginseng is one of the top 10 best selling herbal dietary supplements in US, but ginseng-containing products have been mostly limited to beverages, despite a growing functional food market. The original ginseng flavors include bitterness and earthiness and must be minimized in order to establish potential success in the US market. The embodiments described herein can successfully solve this issue and make new ginseng food products such as cookies, snacks, cereals energy bars, chocolates and coffee with great taste.
[005307] In Asia, especially south-east Asia, Rose, Jasmine, Pandan, Lemon grass, yellow ginger, blue ginger, lime leaf, curry leave, Lilies, basil, coriander, coconut etc. are specific local flavors. In East Asia, many herbs are used in the cooking such as Artemisia argys, dandelion, Codonopsis pilosu!a , Radix Salviae iltiorrhizae, Membranous Mi!kvetch Root, rhizorna gastrodiae etc.. The inventors have found that adding MRPs, or combination of MRPs and sweetening agent, or combination of MRPs, Sweetening agent and Thaumatin could significantly improve the taste profile of these flavors and their addd products. For example, one or more composition selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, sweetener enhancers could be added in ratio of from about 1 to about 99% on a weight to weight basis of total raw material in the following processes to prepare such flavored products:
[005308] Lilies as a raw material were washed and milled to give a lily slurry.
[005309] Alpha-amylase (0.1-0.8%) was added and treated at 70 degree C for one and half hours.
[005310] Protease (0.05-0.20% by mass of the lily) was then added and heated at 55 degree C for 70 minutes.
[005311] One or more composition selected from sweetening agent, sweetener, sweetener enhancers could be also added in following process:
[005312] Fenugreek extract:
[005313] The seeds were roasted and crushed uniformly.
[005314] The seeds was extracted with ethyl alcohol, filtered to obtain a yellowish brown solution followed by concentration.
[005315] An extract 10 parts, glucose 1 part and proline 0.6 parts were mixed together and heated at 110~120 degree C for 4~6 hours.
[005316] Savory is full of flavor, delicious and tasty-usually something that someone has cooked.
[005317] Savory foods are appetizing, pleasant or agreeable to the taste or smell, but there is a need to find suitable compatible a sweet taste balanced solution. One or more substances selected from sweetening agents, sweeteners, sweetener enhancers can be added into following formulation in ratio of 1~99% on a weight to weight basis of total raw material to produce well balanced sweet products:
[005318] l)Tomato sauce formula:
[005319] olive oil 25~50 grams
[005320] onion diced 150~200 grams
[005321] garlic minced 10~20 grams
[005322] tomato paste 600~900 grams
[005323] salt 5~10 grams
[005324] basil chopped 10~20 grams [005325] black pepper ground 0.5~2 gram
[005326] Cooking and mixing for 25 minutes
[005327] 2)Grilled flavor formula:
[005328] Beef tallow or soybean oil is passed through a grilling device being heated at 450 degree C continuously. The grilled flavor is collected through a condenser.
[005329] 3)Roasted meat flavor:
[005330] A mixture of 8.0~10 grams of cysteine, 8.0~10 grams of thiamine, and 300 grams of vegetable protein hydrolysate is brought to 1000 grams by the addition of water and adjusted to a pH of 5.
[005331] The mixture is then boiled under reflux condition (100~110 degree C) at atmospheric pressure for 3~5 hours and allowed to cool. A roasted meat flavor was formed.
[005332] 4) Chicken base flavored products:
[005333] water 10%
[005334] hydrolyzed vegetable protein 10~20%
[005335] xylose 0.10~0.50%
[005336] cysteine 0.20~0.50%
[005337] Premixing to form slurry.
[005338] Adding premix to sunflower oil while mixing
[005339] sunflower oil 50~80%
[005340] Heating the with constant mixing to about 100~110 degree C for two to three hours.
[005341] Cool the mixture down to about 80 degree C with mixing for another one hour.
[005342] Flavonoids are an important and widespread group of plant natural products that possess many biological activities. These compounds are part of the wide range of substances called "polyphenols", which are widely known mainly by their antioxidant properties, and are present in human dietary sources showing great health benefits.
[005343] Neohesperidine and naringin, which are flavanone glycosides present in citrus fruits and grapefruit, are responsible for the bitterness of citrus juices. These substances and their derivates such as neohesperidine chalcone, naringin chalcone, phloracetophenone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrochalcone etc. can be good candidates for bitterness or sweetener enhancers. The inventors surprisingly found adding these components in the compositions described herein could help the masking the bitterness or aftertaste of other ingredients and made the taste cleaner. One embodiment includes the compositions described herein and further comprises flavonoids, more preferably flavonoids containing flavonone glycosides. The ratio of flavonoids in the composition could be in range of from about 0.1 ppm to 99.9%.
[005344] Metal salts of dihydrochalcone having the following formula:
Figure imgf000572_0001
[005345] wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxy, R' is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy, and R" is selected from the group consisting of neohesperidoxyl, B-rutinosyl and b-D-glucosyl, M is a mono- or divalent metal selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal, and n is an integer from 1 to 2 corresponding to the valence of the selected metal M.
[005346] Typical compounds of the above formula are the alkali or alkaline earth metal monosalts of the following:
[005347] Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, having the formula:
Figure imgf000572_0002
[005348] 2', 4', 6', 3-tetrahydroxy-4-n-propoxydihydrochalcone 4'- b neohesperidoside having the formula:
Figure imgf000573_0001
[005349] naringin dihydrochalcone of the formula:
Figure imgf000573_0002
[005350] prunin dihydrochalcone of the formula:
Figure imgf000573_0003
[005351] hesperidin dihydrochalcone having the formula:
Figure imgf000573_0004
[005352] and hesperitin dihydrochalcone glucoside having the formula:
Figure imgf000574_0001
[005353] The alkali metal includes sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, caesium, and ammonium, while the term alkaline earth metal includes calcium, strontium and barium. Other alkali amino acids can serve as as counterions. Thus embodiments of compositions described herein furhter comprises one or more salts of dihydrochalone.
[005354] The composition described herein can further comprise one or more products selected from Trilobatin, phyllodulcin, Osladin, Polypodoside A, Eriodictyol, Homoeriodicyol sodium salt, hesperidin or hesperetin, Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, naringin dihydrocholcone, or advantame to provide additional flavors and products. Another embodiment comprises of the compositions described herein and one or more of the aforementioned products, wherein the ratio of one or more products selected in the composition can be in the range of from about 0.1% to about 99.9%.
[005355] Advantame is high potency synthetic sweetener and can be used as a flavor enhancer. The inventors found that adding advantame into the compositions described herein can boost the flavor and taste profile of a food or beverage. In one aspect, Advantame can be added after conventional or non-conventional Maillard reaction. One embodiment provides compositions described herein which further comprise advantame, wherein the amount of advantame can be in the range of from about O.Olppm to about 100 ppm.
[005356] Creating a sweet enhanced meat process flavor can be obtained by adding a sweetening agent by using one or more of following ingredients: A source of Sulphur: Cysteine, (cystine), glutathione, methionine, thiamine, inorganic sulphides, meat extracts, egg derivatives; Amino Nitrogen Source: Amino acids, HVP's, yeast extracts, meat extracts; The Sugar Component: Pentose and hexose sugars, Vegetable powders, (onion powder, tomato powder), hydrolysed gums, dextrins, pectins, alginates. Fats and Oils: Animal fats, vegetable oils, coconut oil. Enzyme hydrolyzed oils and fats. Other Components: Herbs, spices, IMP, GMP, acids, etc..
[005357] Pigs, especially young pigs, appreciate good and pleasant tastes and aroma much the way young children do. Cats are notoriously fussy about the taste and smell of their feed. Feeds such as rapeseed meal, which has a bitter taste, are used as good protein sources for cattle, sheep, and horses. Even chickens are known for their taste discrimination, as chickens are selective to their feeds. Green, natural or organic farming of animals become more and more popular. Therefore, there is a need to find a solution to satisfy market requirements. An embodiment of feed or feed additives comprises the compositionsdescribed herein.
[005358] The intense sweetness and flavor/aroma enhancement properties of the compositions described herein provide useful applications in improving the palatability of medicines, traditional Chinese medicine, food supplements, beverage, food containing herbs, particularly those with unpleasant long-lasting active ingredients not easily masked by sugar or glucose syrups, let alone sweetening agents or synthetic high intensity sweeteners. The inventors surprisingly found the compositions described herein can mask the unpleasant taste and smell of the products containing these substances, for instance Goji berries juice, sea buckthorn juice, milk thistle extract, ginkgo biloba extract etc.. Thus traditional Chinese medicine, or food supplements can be combined with one or more of compositions described herein, especially when used as a masking agent.
[005359] Except for a reduced sugar donor and an amine donor, sweetening agent(s) and all other ingredients can be either added before, during and after the conventional Maillard reaction, more preferably before and during the Maillard reaction. An embodiment of composition in this invention preparable by adding all ingredients in the Maillard reaction to react together.
[005360] Products such as maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m-methylphenol, and m-(n)-propylphenol can further enhance the mouthfeel, sweetness and aroma of the compositions described herein. One embodiment of compositions described herein further comprise one or more products selected from maltol, ethyl-maltol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, m- methylpheonol, m-(n)propylphenol. For instance, combinations of standard (conventional) MRPs and maltol, standard (conventional) MRPs and Vanillin, Sweetening agent derived MRPs (non-conventional MRPs) and maltol, Sweetening agent derived MRPs and vanillin etc. are provided. For example, a food or beverage can include the compositions mentioned in this paragraph.
[005361] The stevia extract containing volatile and unvolatile terpine and or terpinoids substances could be purified further in order to obtain the tasteful sweet profile with aroma. Treating the extract with a chromatographic column or other separation resins, or other separation methods, such as distillation, could reserve most of tasteful aroma terpine and or terpinoids substances containing oxygen in the structure and remove the unpleasant taste substances. An embodiment of stevia extract comprises enriched aroma terpene substances containing oxygen in the structure. To enhance the citrus or tangerine taste, the inventors surprisingly found that good citrus materials could be obtained by heat processing of stevia extract, especially stevia extract containing terpines and or terpinoids under acidic conditions, especially in the presence of citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid etc., more preferably citric acid, Thus, substances such as linalool reacted with citric acid with or without a Maillard reaction. Vvacuum distillation or column chromatography (such as by silica gel), any type of macroporous resins, for example smacropore resin, ion exchange resins produced by Dow, Sunresin can be used for further purification. One embodiment is a method to produce citrus flavored stevia extract by using a heat process, with or without a Maillard reaction, under acidic conditions, more preferably with a Maillard reaction under citric acid conditions. One embodiment provides a citrus flavored stevia extract preparable by heat processing with or without a Maillard reaction, preferably with a Maillard reaction under acidic conditions, more preferably under citric acid conditions.
[005362] The solvent used for Maillard reaction or carrier for products can be selected from any approved solvent or their mixture used in the food and beverage, feed, pharmaceuticals, or cosmetics industries. One embodiment herein provides any composition describd herein comprises oral approved solvents.
[005363] For example, one or more products selected from following lists could be used as a solvent except water for the Maillard reaction or acting as carrier for Maillard reaction products. The ratio of solvent to reactants, solvent in total combination of solvent and reactants on weight to weight basis can be in range of 1% to 99%.
[005364] Acetone ,
[005365] Benzyl alcohol
[005366] 1,3-Butylene glycol
[005367] Carbon dioxide
[005368] Castor oil
[005369] Citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides
[005370] Ethyl acetate
[005371] Ethyl alcohol
[005372] Ethyl alcohol denatured with methanol
[005373] Glycerol (glycerin)
[005374] Glyceryl diacetate
[005375] Glyceryl triacetate (Triacetin)
[005376] Glyceryl tributyrate (Tributyrin)
[005377] Hexane
[005378] Isopropyl alcohol
[005379] Methyl alcohol
[005380] Methyl ethyl ketone ( 2-butanone)
[005381] Methylene chloride
[005382] Monoglycerides and diglycerides
[005383] Monoglyceride citrate
[005384] 1,2-propylene glycol
[005385] Propylene glycol mono-esters and diesters
[005386] Triethyl citrate
[005387] Citrus and tangerine have subtle difference. It could be exchangeable in this specification as flavor.
[005388] Heat processing leads to breakdown of heat sensitive terpenes, aldehydes and ketones easily. Maillard reaction by products/degradation products, including furanone, can be responsible for off-flavors and can produce pigments which darken the color of the product. Compounds created from heat processing are classified into three groups:
[005389] 1. Sugar dehydration/fragmentation products including furans, pyrones, cyclopentenes, carbonyl compounds and acids.
[005390] 2. Amino acid degradation products including aldehydes, sulfur and nitrogen compounds (ammonia and amines).
[005391] 3. Volatile produced by further interactions such as pyrroles, pyridines, pyrazines, imidazoles, oxoles, thiazoles, trithiolanes, thiophenes etc.
[005392] Maillard reactions can forms pyrazines (boiling point 115 degree C), pyridines (b.p. 115 degree C), pyroles (b.p. 129 degree C), thiazole (b.p. 117 degree C), thiophenes (b.p. 84 degree C), oxazoles (b.p. 70 degree C). These compounds belong to high volatile substances including caramel (b.p. 170 degree C), phenol (b.p. 182 degree C).
[005393] Formation of furan (b.p. 31 degree C) belongs to low volatile substances.
[005394] An embodiment of any composition in this invention comprises one or more low volatile substances, and/or one or more high volatile substances resulting from a Maillard reaction.
[005395] The selection of amino acids from Arg, Cys, Gly, His, Lys, Val has the greatest effect of antioxidant activity. Xylose performs well in antioxidant activity too. Glucose-casein (milk) and lactose-casein show antioxidant properties. One embodiment provides methods to use Maillard Reaction products described herein to improve the antioxidant property of foods, bevereages, feeds and pharmaceutical products.
[005396] Definition of thermal process by IOFI
[005397] A thermal process flavouring is a product prepared for its flavouring properties by heating raw materials that are foodstuffs or constituents of foodstuffs. This process is analogous to the traditional home cooking of ingredients of plant and animal origin.
[005398] Raw Materials that are Subject to Thermal Processing Quoted by IOFI
[005399] Raw materials for process flavourings shall consist of one or more of the following:
[005400] 14.5.1 Protein nitrogen sources: [005401] Foods containing protein nitrogen (meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products, fish, seafood, cereals, vegetable products, fruits, yeasts) and their extracts
[005402] Hydrolysis products of the above, autolyzed yeasts, peptides, amino acids and/or their salts.
[005403] 14.5.2 Reducing Sugars
[005404] Examples: Maltose Syrup, glucose, fructose, galactose
[005405] 14.5.3 Fat or fatty acid sources:
[005406] Foods containing fats and oils
[005407] Edible fats and oil from animal, marine or vegetable origin
[005408] Hydrogenated, transesterified and/or fractionated fats and oils
[005409] Hydrolysis products of the above.
[005410] 14.5.4 Other raw materials listed in Table 1 below
[005411] 14.6 Ingredients that may be Added After Thermal Processing
[005412] 14.6.1 Flavourings as defined in the Codex Guidelines for the use of flavourings
CAC/GL 66-2008 and flavour enhancers as defined by CAC/GL 36-1989.
[005413] 14.6.2 Suitable non-flavouring food ingredients as listed in Annex I.
[005414] 14.7 Preparation of Process Flavourings
[005415] Process flavourings are prepared by processing together raw materials listed
[005416] under 14.5 as follows:
[005417] 14.7.1 The product temperature during processing shall not exceed 180°C.
[005418] 14.7.2 The processing time shall not exceed ¾ hour at 180°C, with correspondingly longer times at lower temperatures, i.e., a doubling of the heating time for each decrease of temperature by 10°C.
[005419] 14.7.3 The pH during processing shall not exceed 8.
[005420] 14.7.4 Flavourings, (14.6.1) and non-flavouring food ingredients (14.6.2) shall only be added after processing is completed, unless otherwise specified.
[005421] Materials Used in Processing Recommended by IOFI
[005422] Foodstuffs, herbs, spices, their extracts and flavouring substances identified therein. [005423] Water
[005424] Thiamine and its hydrochloric acid salt
[005425] Ascorbic acid
[005426] Citric acid
[005427] Lactic acid
[005428] Fumaric acid
[005429] Malic acid
[005430] Succinic acid
[005431] Tartaric acid
[005432] The sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and ammonium salts of the above acids
[005433] Guanylic acid and inosinic acid and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts
[005434] Inositol
[005435] Sodium, potassium- and ammonium sulfides, hydrosulfides and polysulfides [005436] Lecithin
[005437] Acids, bases and salts as pH, regulators:
[005438] Acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid
[005439] Sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium hydroxide
[005440] The salts of the above acids and bases
[005441] Polymethylsiloxane as antifoaming agent (not participating in the process).
[005442] It should be mentioned that "heat flavor", "reaction flavor", "processing flavor" and " maillard reaction flavors" are exchangeable in this specification of invention.
[005443] The compositions in final MRPs depends on conditions of reactions, such as sugar donor, amine donor, other added ingredients, the temperature, pH-value, the solvent and the duration of reaction. One compound which is formed in each Maillard reaction is the "Amadori rearrangement product (ARP)", which the inventor had already determined in many samples prepared in this invention. An embodiment of composition comprises any resultants from one or more selected from the following reactions:
I)
Figure imgf000581_0001
[005444] In these general formula of molecular structure, R, R1,R2 could represent any possible group in the structure.
Figure imgf000581_0002
Figure imgf000582_0001
[005445] The composition of final Maillard reaction products might contain remaining unreacted sugar donor, amine donor and other ingredients added in the reaction. By adjusting the reaction condition, the composition of final Maillard reaction products may not contain the remaining reactants. For instance, the reducing sugars in roasting cocoa beans disappeared after roasting BO minutes. Amino acids were destroyed. Heating of threonine and glucose at 103 degree C. for 8 hours rapidly and extensively destroyed the amino acids. Other amino acids had the similar decomposition rate. The guidance of thermal processing flavors only regulates the precursors and temperature/pH condition. The residues are not mentioned. In this specification, the composition of final maillard reaction products contain or do not contain the remaining unreacted reactants. The inventors have demonstrated several examples to show that the final Maillard reaction products either contain or do not contain the different reactants. [005446] When a sweetening agent is added into the Maillard reaction, as demonstrated in many examplesdescribed throughout this application, the inventors surprisingly found an unconventional Maillard reaction could occur with sweetening agents such as stevia glycosides. A new substance could be formed in case the reaction condition is suitable like a reduced sugar and an amin acid. A representative example is demonstrated as follows:
[005447] As seen in following reaction scheme, the first reaction step between the reducing sugar and the amino group is a condensation reaction yielding a product which is usually denoted as MRI (Maillard Reaction Intermediate) or (after further reaction steps) Amadori Product, Both, MRI and Amadori Products share the same molar mass.
Reaction Scheme 1, Example of early Maillard reaction between xylose and phenylalanine
Figure imgf000583_0001
[005448] Reaction Scheme 2, General formation of Amadori products
+
[005449] Basically the molar mass of any MRI can calculated as molar mass of the sugar plus the molar mass of the amino acid minus 18.
[005450] Structural proposal (several isomers are formed) of MRP Phe-Reb-A between reaction of Phenylalanine and Reb-A could be drawn as follows:
Figure imgf000584_0001
Nominal Mass = 1 127
[005451] An embodiment of composition comprises the resulting products from the reaction between stevia glycosides and an amine donor.
[005452] Low solids content beverages such as tea, mineral enriched energy drinks, or low content juice flavored beverages always has had challenges when formulating them into low or no sugar versions because of poor mouthfeel. Adding the compositions described herein can solve this problem of poor mouthfeel and make it easier for formulators to develop low and no sugar versions.
[005453] Some sweeteners and sweetening enhancers are proteins or peptides, it or hydrolyzed products such as peptides, amino acids can be used directly in the Maillard reaction with or without amine donor. One embodiment provides MRPs that are prepareable by a sugar donor and a peptide and or protein sweetener and or sweetening enhancers with or without aanother amine donor. Another embodiment provided herein is a food, beverage, feed or pharma product including a composition described herein prepared by this method. Another embodiment, is a composition comprising the ingredients preparable by using peptide or protein sweetener, and or sweet enhancer, and or their hydrolyzed products as amine donor in a Maillard reaction or flavor preparation.
[005454] Some natural colors are peptide, proteins, such as spirulina blue, can can be used as an amine donor with or without another amine donor in the Maillard reaction. An embodiment of a MRPs are preparable by sugar donor and peptide, and or protein color with or without additional amine donor. An embodiment of a food, beverage, feed, pharmaceutical product comprises the ingredient prepared by using peptide or protein color as an amine donor in the Maillard reaction or flavor preparation.
[005455] The invention will be further described with reference to the following non limiting Examples. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes can be made in the embodiments described without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments described in this application, but only by embodiments described by the language of the paragraphs and the equivalents of those embodiments. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages are by weight.
[005456] Examples
[005457] A general method to prepare the stevia derived Maillard reaction product(s) is described as follows.
[005458] A stevia extract is dissolved with/without a sugar donor, together with amino acid donor in deionized water. When required, a pH adjuster or pH buffer can be added to regulate the pH of the reaction mixture. Generally, the pH of the reaction mixture should be from about a pH of 7 to a pH of about 14. The solution is then heated at an elevated temperature, for example, from about 50 to about 100 degrees centigrade. The reaction time can be varied from more than one second to few days, more generally a few hours, until MRPs
(Maillard Reacted Products) with or without CRPs (Caramelization Reacted Products) are formed or the reaction between components is completed. When the reaction is completed, if needed, a pH adjuster or pH buffer can be added to regulate the pH of reaction mixture to about pH 6-7. The resultant solution is dried by spray dryer or hot air oven to remove the water and to obtain the MRP(s).
[005459] Example 1
[005460] 0.9g RA97 (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with O.lg
DL-alanine (available from Anhui Huaheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., China) in 2ml deionized water. The water content in the reaction mixture was about 67%. The weight to weight ratio of stevia extract to amino acid was 9:1. Na2C03 was added to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture to a pH of about 10. The solution was heated to about 80 to about 85 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the solution was dried by hot air oven at 80 degrees centigrade for about 3 hours to provide about lg of an off white powder MRP.
[005461] Example 2
[005462] 9g RA75/RB15 (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with 2.25g DL-alanine (available from Anhui Huaheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., China) in 2ml deionized water. The water content in the reaction mixture was about 15%. The weight to weight ratio of stevia extract to amino acid was 4:1. The solution was heated to about 80 to about 85 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by hot air oven at 80 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours to provide about llg of the off white powder MRP.
[005463] Example 3
[005464] In this example several MRPs were prepared according to the process of Example 1 except that the stevia extract, its ratio to DL-alanine, and the water content in the reaction mixture were changed. The details were as follow:
Figure imgf000586_0001
[005465] Example 4
[005466] In this example several MRPs were prepared according to the process of Example 1 except for the stevia extract, its ratio to DL-alanine, and the water content in the reaction mixture were changed. The details were as follow:
Figure imgf000586_0002
[005467] Example 5
[005468] 1.98g glucose monohydrate was dissolved together with 1.78g DL-alanine
(available from Anhui Huaheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., China) in 0.45ml deionized water. The water content in the reaction mixture was about 10%. The mole to mole ratio of glucose to amino acid was 1:2. The solution was heated at about 80 to about 85 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by hot air oven at 80 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours to provide about 3.2g of a light brown powder MRP.
[005469] Example 6
[005470] 9g Glycosylated steviol glycoside (GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with lg DL-alanine (available from Anhui Huaheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., China) in 20ml deionized water. The water content in the reaction mixture was about 50%. The weight to weight ratio of stevia extract to amino acid was 9:1. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 10. The solution was then heated to about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide about 9.5g of an off white powder MRP.
[005471] The information provided as follows provides the compositional make up of GSG- RA20 and the analytical processes to determine the composition.
[005472] Materials:
[005473] Reference standards for steviol glycosides (Reb A, Reb B, Reb C, Reb D, Reb E, Reb F, Reb G, Reb I, Reb M, Reb N, Reb O, Isoreb A, Isostevioside) were obtained from Chromadex (LGC Germany). Solvents and reagents (HPLC grade) were obtained from VWR (Vienna) or Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna).
[005474] Davisil Grade 633 (high-purity grade silica gel, pore size 60 A, 200-425 mesh particle size was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna).
[005475] Sample Preparation:
[005476] All samples were fractionated over a glass column (100 x 5 mm) filled with Davisil Grade 633. The column was equilibrated with ethyl acetate/Acetic acid/H20 = 8/3/2 (v/v/v). 100 mg sample, dissolved in 2 ml H20, were loaded on the column and eluted with ethyl acetate/Acetic acid/H20 = 8/3/2 at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. The first 6 ml of the eluate were discarded and the next 30 ml containing unreacted steviol-glycosides were collected. Enzymatically reacted steviol-glycosides eluted in the range of 36-70 ml and were again collected.
[005477] After fractionation of 3 samples, the pooled eluates were evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in 20 ml Acetonitrile/H20=9/l (v/v) corresponding to an equivalent sample concentration of 150 mg sample/10 ml.
[005478] The method was qualified by fractionation of steviol glycoside standards and enzymatically reacted steviol-glycosides. An elution yield of >97 % of steviol-glycosides and of >95 % enzymatically reacted steviol-glycosides was observed, the carry over between the fraction was calculated to less than 3 %.
[005479] The pooled, evaporated samples were used for further analysis.
[005480] HPLC-Method:
[005481] The HPLC system consisted of an Agilent 1100 system (autosampler, ternary gradient pump, column thermostat, VWD-UV/VIS detector, DAD-UV/VIS detector) connected in-line to an Agilent mass spectrometer (ESI-MS quadrupole G1956A VL). For HPLC analysis 150 mg of the corresponding sample was dissolved in Acetonitrile (1 ml) and filled up to 10 ml with
H2O.
[005482] The samples were separated at 0.8 ml/min on a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro-RP (150 x 3 mm) followed by a Macherey-Nagel Nucleosil 100-7 C18 (250 x 4.6 mm) at 45 °C by gradient elution. Mobile Phase A consisted of a 0.01 molar NH4-Acetate buffer (native pH) with 0.1 % acetic acid, 0.05 % trimethylamine and 0.001 % dichloromethane. Mobile Phase B consisted of 0.01 molar NH4-Acetate buffer (native pH) and Acetonitrile (1/9 v/v) with 0.1 % acetic acid, 0.05 % trimethylamine and 0.001 % dichloromethane. The gradient started with 22 % B, was increased linearly in 20 minutes to 45 % B and kept at this condition for another 15 minutes. Injection volume was set to 10 pi. [005483] The detectors were set to 210 nm (VWD), to 205 and 254 nm (DAD with spectra collection between 200-600 nm) and to ESI negative mode TIC m/z 300-1500, Fragmentor 200, Gain 2 (MS, 300 °C, nitrogen 12 l/min, nebulizer setting 50 psig. Capillary voltage 4500 V).
[005484] Detection at 205 and 210 nm were used to quantify the chromatograms, the MS- spectra were used to determine the molar mass and structural information of individual peaks. Detection at 254 nm was used to identify non-steviol glycoside peaks.
[005485] Samples were quantified by external standardization against reference compounds, in case where no authentic reference standard was available, the peak area was quantified against the reference standard with the most similar mass and corrected for the molar mass differences. The maximum calibration range of reference standards was in a range 0.1-50 mg/10 ml (dissolved in Acetonitrile/H20=9/l (v/v)).
[005486] Identification and Quantification:
[005487] Steviol-glycosides and enzymatically reacted steviol-glycosides were identified by comparison of retention times to authentic reference standards and/or by evaluation of the mass spectra obtained (including interpretation of the fragmentation pattern and double charged ions triggered by the presence of dichloromethane).
[005488] Steviol-glycosides were quantified against external standards. In case that no reference standard was available quantification was performed against the reference standard with the most similar molar mass.
[005489] Steviol glycosides (SGs) are molecules composed of a steviol-backbone with a series of sugars attached.
[005490] Based on the type of sugar (i.e. glucose, rhamnose/deoxyhexose, xylose/arabinose) SGs are grouped into three families:
[005491] -SGs with glucose (Table 10)
[005492] -SGs with glucose and 1 rhamnose/deoxyhexose (Table 11)
[005493] -SGs with glucose and 1 xylose/arabinose (Table 12)
[005494] The nomenclature introduced is to be interpreted as follows (x is between 2 and 6) : [005495] SG-xG ... Steviol glycoside composed of steviol and "x" attached glucose molecules
[005496] SG-xGlR ... Steviol glycoside composed of steviol and "x" attached glucose molecules and 1 rhamnose or deoxyhexose molecule
[005497] SG-xGlX ... Steviol glycoside composed of steviol and "x" attached glucose molecules and 1 xylose or arabinose molecule
[005498] Any number between -1 and -8 given additionally represents the number of glucose molecules attached to the SG.
[005499] Examples: SG-4G-2 represents an SG with four glucose molecules to which 2 glucose molecules were added during enzymatic treatment.
[005500] SG-3G1R-4 represents an SG with 3 glucose molecules and 1 rhamnose/deoxyhexose molecule to which 4 glucose molecules were added during enzymatic treatment.
[005501] SG-4G1X-3 represents an SG with 4 glucose molecules and 1 xylose/a rabi nose molecule to which 3 glucose molecules were added during enzymatic treatment .
[005502] Table 10
Figure imgf000591_0001
“[Mr]” refers to molecular mass. m/m refers to mass/mass. Table 11
Figure imgf000592_0001
Table 12
Figure imgf000592_0002
Figure imgf000593_0001
[005503] Example 7
[005504] In this example several MRPs were prepared according to the process of Example 6 except for the stevia extract, its ratio to DL-alanine, and the water content in the reaction mixture. The details were as follow.
Figure imgf000593_0002
[005505] Example 8
[005506] In this example several MRPs were prepared according to the process of Example 6 except for the stevia extract, its ratio to DL-alanine, and the water content in the reaction mixture. The details were as follow.
Figure imgf000593_0003
[005507] Example 9
[005508] RA50 (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with Yeast Extract (available from Leiber GmbH, Germany) in deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 10. The solution was heated to about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005509] Two MRPs in this Example were prepared with the parameters as follow.
Figure imgf000594_0001
[005510] Example 10
[005511] RA80 was dissolved together with Yeast Extract (available from Leiber GmbH, Germany) in 10ml deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 10. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[005512] Two MRPs in this Example were prepared with the parameters as follow:
Figure imgf000594_0002
[005513] Example 11
[005514] A stevia composition of RA 90% and RD 7% (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with Yeast Extract (available from Leiber GmbH, Germany) or DL-alanine (available from Anhui Huaheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., China) in 10 ml deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 10. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[005515] Four MRPs in this Example were prepared with the parameters as follow.
Figure imgf000595_0001
[005516] Example 12
[005517] A stevia composition of RA 80%, RB 10% and RD 6% (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with Yeast Extract (available from Leiber GmbH, Germany) or DL- alanine (available from Anhui Huaheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., China) in 10 ml deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 10. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[005518] Four MRPs in this Example were prepared with the parameters as follow.
Figure imgf000595_0002
[005519] Example 13 [005520] RD6SG(40+)95 (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with
Yeast Extract (available from Leiber GmbH, Germany) or DL-alanine (available from Anhui Huaheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., China) in 10 ml deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 10. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to obtain the off white powder MRP. The composition of RD6SG(40+)95 is depicted in more detail below:
[005521] Materials:
[005522] Reference standards for steviol glycosides (Reb A, Reb B, Reb C, Reb D, Reb E, Reb F, Reb G, Reb M, Reb N) were obtained from Chromadex (LGC Germany). Solvents and reagents (HPLC grade) were obtained from VWR (Vienna) or Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna).
[005523] Davisil Grade 633 (high-purity grade silica gel, pore size 60 A, 200-425 mesh particle size was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna).
[005524] Sample Preparation:
[005525] 300 mg sample was dissolved in 20 ml Acetonitrile/H20=9/l (v/v).
[005526] HPLC-Method:
[005527] The HPLC system consisted of an Agilent 1100 system (autosampler, ternary gradient pump, column thermostat, VWD-UV/VIS detector, DAD-UV/VIS detector) connected in-line to an Agilent mass spectrometer (ESI-MS quadrupole G1956A VL). For HPLC analysis 150 mg of the corresponding sample was dissolved in Acetonitrile (1 ml) and filled up to 10 ml with H20.
[005528] The samples were separated at 0.8 ml/min on a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro-RP (150 x 3 mm) followed by a Macherey-Nagel Nucleosil 100-7 C18 (250 x 4.6 mm) at 45 °C by gradient elution. Mobile Phase A consisted of a 0.01 molar NH4-Acetate buffer (native pH) with 0.1 % acetic acid, 0.05 % trimethylamine and 0.001 % dichloromethane. Mobile Phase B consisted of 0.01 molar NH4-Acetate buffer (native pH) and Acetonitrile (1/9 v/v) with 0.1 % acetic acid, 0.05 % trimethylamine and 0.001 % dichloromethane. The gradient started with 22 % B, was increased linearly in 20 minutes to 45 % B and kept at this condition for another 15 minutes. Injection volume was set to 10 pi. [005529] The detectors were set to 210 nm (VWD), to 205 and 254 nm (DAD with spectra collection between 200-600 nm) and to ESI negative mode TIC m/z 300-1500, Fragmentor 200, Gain 2 (MS, 300 °C, nitrogen 12 l/min, nebulizer setting 50 psig. Capillary voltage 4500 V).
[005530] Detection at 210 nm was used to quantify the chromatograms, the MS-spectra were used to determine the molar mass and structural information of individual peaks. Detection at 254 nm was used to identify non-steviol glycoside peaks.
[005531] Identification and Quantification:
[005532] Steviol-glycosides were identified by comparison of retention times to authentic reference standards and/or by evaluation of the mass spectra obtained (including interpretation of the fragmentation pattern and double charged ions triggered by the presence of dichloromethane).
[005533] Steviol-glycosides were quantified against external standards. In case that no reference standard was available quantification was performed against Reb-A.
[005534] The maximum calibration range of reference standards was in a range 0.1-50 mg/10 ml (dissolved in Acetonitrile/H20=9/l (v/v)).
[005535] x Steviol glycosides sample (151.4 mg/10 ml)
Name m/z [M-H] mg/10 ml % m/m
Figure imgf000597_0001
Reb-K 1111 4.98 3.29
Reb-N 1273 <0.01 <0.01
Reb-M 1289 0.28 0.19
Reb-S 949 1.85 1.22
Reb-J 1111 0.27 0.18
Reb-W 1097 0.40 0.27
Reb-U2 1097 0.59 0.39
Reb-W2/3 1097 0.27 0.18
Reb-02 965 0.21 0.14
Reb-Y 1259 0.46 0.31
Reb-I 1127 0.85 0.56
Reb-V2 1259 0.67 0.44
Reb-K2 1111 0.20 0.13
Reb-H 1111 <0.01 <0.01
Reb-A 965 43.90 29.00
Stevioside 803 44.06 29.10
Reb-F 935 4.65 3.07
Reb-C 949 16.80 11.09
Dulcoside-A 787 2.40 1.59
Rubusoside 641 3.15 2.08
Reb-B 803 1.91 1.26
Dulcoside B 787 0.62 0.41
Steviolbioside 641 2.32 1.54
Reb-R 935 0.27 0.18
Reb-G 803 <0.01 <0.01
Stevioside-B 787 <0.01 <0.01
Reb-Gl 641 <0.01 <0.01
Reb-Rl 773 <0.01 <0.01
Reb-Fl 773 <0.01 <0.01
Iso-Steviolbioside 641 <0.01 <0.01
Sum 143.96 95.09
m/m refers to mass/mass
[005536] Four MRPs in this Example were prepared with the parameters as follow.
Figure imgf000598_0001
Figure imgf000599_0001
[005537] Example 14
[005538] 20g RA99 (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with 90mg
NaOH in 180 ml deionized water. The solution was heated to 85°C-90°C. The reaction solution was stirred at that temperature for 1 hour. Then 0.3g Yeast Extract (available from Leiber GmbH, Germany) was added. Stirring was continued at that temperature for another 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the solution was dried by spray dryer to obtain an off white powder MRP. It contained 88% of RA, 6.6% of RB and 95.7% of TSG(9).
[005539] Example 15 Evaluate the taste profile of MRPs compare to their materials
[005540] Test method:
[005541] The samples were dissolved in deionized water with ultrasound at room temperature and left to equilibrate for 30 min. The concentrations of the solutions were all 500ppm.
[005542] Panel: 4 persons
[005543] For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was asked to describe the taste profile and score 0-5 according to the increasing sugar like, bitterness, aftertaste and lingering taste profiles. The first taster was allowed to re-taste, and then make notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the results, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for sugar like is the best score for having a taste that is sugar like and conversely a value of 0 or near zero is not sugar like. Similarly, a "5" for bitterness, aftertaste and lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitterness, aftertaste and/or lingering is reduced or is removed. This method can also be used in Example 19.
[005544] Result:
[005545] MRP of Example 1 comparing to RA97
Figure imgf000600_0001
[005546] MRP of Example 2 comparing to RA75/RB15
Figure imgf000600_0002
[005547] Comparison of RA97, MRP of Example 3 and the blend of RA97 with MRP of Example 5(99:1, w/w)
Figure imgf000600_0003
Figure imgf000601_0001
[005548] Comparison of RA50, MRP of Ex 4 and the blend of RA50 with MRP of Example 5 (99:1, w/w)
Figure imgf000601_0002
[005549] Comparison of GSG-RA20 to MRP of Example 6
Figure imgf000601_0003
[005550] Comparison of RU90 to MRP of Example 7
Figure imgf000602_0001
[005551] Comparison of STV90 to MRP of Example 8
Figure imgf000602_0002
[005552] Comparison of RA50 to MRP of Example 9
Figure imgf000602_0003
[005553] Comparison of RA80 to MRP of Example 10
Figure imgf000603_0001
[005554] Comparison of RA90/RD7 to MRP of Example 11
Figure imgf000603_0002
[005555] Comparison of RA80/RB10/RD6 to MRP of Example 12
Figure imgf000604_0001
[005556] Comparison of RD6SG(40+)95 to MRP of Example 13
Figure imgf000604_0002
Figure imgf000605_0001
[005557] MRP of Example 14 comparing to RA75/RB15
Figure imgf000605_0002
[005558] Conclusion:
[005559] The taste profile of stevia extract components can be improved by Maillard reaction. It provides the stevia component with full mouth feel, decreased or eliminated bitterness and a shortened sweet lingering.
[005560] Example 16
[005561] Stevia extract material:
[005562] RD6SG(40+)95, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[005563] RA99: contain 99.36% of Reb A, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[005564] Procedure: stevia extract material was dissolved together with amino acid and/or sugar donor in deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 8. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005565] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. The parameters and the taste profiles of the products are as follow in the following table.
Figure imgf000606_0001
Figure imgf000607_0001
Figure imgf000608_0001
[005566] Taste and smell were evaluated under following conditions: room temperature (around 25 centigrade), neutral water, 500 ppm of test material, each sample tested two times. Method: 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. This method was also used in Examples 16-18, 20, 21, 25, 27-29.
[005567] Example 17
[005568] Monk fruit extract materials:
[005569] Mogroside V 25%: contains 25.56% of Mogroside V, available from Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc, China; Mogroside V 60%: contain 60.18% of Mogroside V, available from Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc, China.
[005570] Common process: Monk fruit extract material was dissolved together with amino acid in deionized water. 10 ml deionized water was added to make the solid contents of the reaction to 50%. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 10. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005571] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow (taste profile compared with initial Monk Fruit extract). The test procedure was that as described in Example 16.
Figure imgf000609_0001
Figure imgf000610_0001
[005572] Example 18
[005573] Materials: RA99 (contains 99.1% of Reb A), RD90 (contains 93.1% of Reb D) and RM90 (contains 93.1% of Reb M) are all available from Sweet Green Fields.
[005574] Common process: Stevia extract material was dissolved together with an amino acid in deionized water. 10 ml deionized water was added to make the solid contents of the reaction to 50%. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 10. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005575] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. (Taste profile is compared with initial stevia glycosides). The test procedure was the same as that of example 16.
Figure imgf000610_0002
Figure imgf000611_0001
[005576] Example 19 evaluation the improvement effect of MRP to common stevia extract products.
[005577] Materials:
[005578] MRP product of Example 16-1
[005579] Stevia extract RA97 (available from Sweet Green Fields)
[005580] Samples
Figure imgf000611_0002
[005581] Evaluation of the taste profile of the samples according to the method used in Example 15. The test results were as follow.
Figure imgf000612_0001
[005582] Conclusion: MRP can improve the taste profile of the common stevia extract significantly. It can give special flavor, improve the mouth feel and reduce the bitter and sweet lingering.
[005583] Comparison of Stevia Glycoside Composition before and after Maillard Reaction [005584] Materials:
[005585] Reference standards for steviol glycosides (Reb A, Reb B, Reb C, Reb D, Reb E, Reb F, Reb G, Reb M, Reb N) were obtained from Chromadex (LGC Germany). Solvents and reagents (HPLC grade) were obtained from VWR (Vienna) or Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna).
[005586] Davisil Grade 633 (high-purity grade silica gel, pore size 60 A, 200-425 mesh particle size was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna).
[005587] Sample Preparation:
[005588] 300 mg sample was dissolved in 20 ml Acetonitrile/H20=9/l (v/v).
[005589] HPLC-Method: [005590] The HPLC system consisted of an Agilent 1100 system (autosampler, ternary gradient pump, column thermostat, VWD-UV/VIS detector, DAD-UV/VIS detector) connected in-line to an Agilent mass spectrometer (ESI-MS quadrupole G1956A VL). For HPLC analysis 150 mg of the corresponding sample was dissolved in Acetonitrile (1 ml) and filled up to 10 ml with
H2O.
[005591] The samples were separated at 0.8 ml/min on a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro-RP (150 x 3 mm) followed by a Macherey-Nagel Nucleosil 100-7 C18 (250 x 4.6 mm) at 45 °C by gradient elution. Mobile Phase A consisted of a 0.01 molar NH4-Acetate buffer (native pH) with 0.1 % acetic acid, 0.05 % trimethylamine and 0.001 % dichloromethane. Mobile Phase B consisted of 0.01 molar NH4-Acetate buffer (native pH) and Acetonitrile (1/9 v/v) with 0.1 % acetic acid, 0.05 % trimethylamine and 0.001 % dichloromethane. The gradient started with 22 % B, was increased linearly in 20 minutes to 45 % B and kept at this condition for another 15 minutes. Injection volume was set to 10 pi.
[005592] The detectors were set to 210 nm (VWD), to 205 and 254 nm (DAD with spectra collection between 200-600 nm) and to ESI negative mode TIC m/z 300-1500, Fragmentor 200, Gain 2 (MS, 300 °C, nitrogen 12 l/min, nebulizer setting 50 psig. Capillary voltage 4500 V).
[005593] Detection at 210 nm was used to quantify the chromatograms, the MS-spectra were used to determine the molar mass and structural information of individual peaks. Detection at 254 nm was used to identify non-steviol glycoside peaks.
[005594] Identification and Quantification:
[005595] Steviol-glycosides were identified by comparison of retention times to authentic reference standards and/or by evaluation of the mass spectra obtained (including interpretation of the fragmentation pattern and double charged ions triggered by the presence of dichloromethane).
[005596] Steviol-glycosides were quantified against external standards. In case that no reference standard was available quantification was performed against Reb-A.
[005597] The maximum calibration range of reference standards was in a range 0.1-50 mg/10 ml (dissolved in Acetonitrile/H2Q=9/l (v/v)). [005598] The Tables X and Z provide detailed data evaluation and quantification of steviol- glycosides in all stevia extract of example 36 as tested. Peaks without structural information are not shown.
[005599] Table X, RA 50 after Maillard Reaction.
Figure imgf000614_0001
Reb-Gl 641 0.23 0.144
Reb-Rl 773 1.74 1.080
Reb-Fl 773 <0.01 <0.01
Figure imgf000615_0002
Iso-Steviolbioside 641 <0.01 <0.01
Sum 147.52 91.34
[005600] Table Z, Typical Steviol glycosides in RA50
Name m/z [M-H]- mg/10 ml % m/m
Related steviol glycoside #1 517 or 427 <0.01 <0.01
Related steviol glycoside #2 981 0.23 0.130
Related steviol glycoside #3 427 or 735 0.27 0.151
Related steviol glycoside #4 675 or 1127 0.07 0.037
Related steviol glycoside #5 981 2.23 1.242
1259 <0.01 <0.01 1127 <0.01 <0.01 965 0.87 0.487 1435 0.02 0.009 1127 2.63 1.464 1111 0.06 0.035 1273 0.03 0.014 1289 0.07 0.038 949 0.00 0.002 1111 0.05 0.028 1097 0.13 0.074 1097 <0.01 <0.01 1097 <0.01 <0.01 965 0.08 0.047 1259 0.09 0.050 1127 <0.01 <0.01 1259 <0.01 <0.01 1111 1.19 0.661 1111 <0.01 <0.01
Figure imgf000615_0001
965 91.72 51.041
Stevioside 803 55.43 30.844
Reb-F 935 0.15 0.086
Reb-C 949 7.40 4.118
Dulcoside-A 787 0.45 0.248 Rubusoside 641 0.47 0.260 Reb-B 803 4.02 2.239 Dulcoside B 787 0.65 0.362 Steviolbioside 641 0.96 0.531 Reb-R 935 0.01 0.005
Reb-G 803 0.23 0.128
Stevioside-B 787 0.94 0.526
Reb-Gl 641 <0.01 <0.01
Reb-Rl 773 1.39 0.771
Reb-Fl 773 <0.01 <0.01
Figure imgf000616_0001
Iso-Steviolbioside 641 0.23 0.130
Sum 171.33 95.34
[005601] Example 20
[005602] Stevia extract material:
[005603] RD6SG(40+)95: available from Sweet Green Fields;
[005604] Common process: stevia extract material RD6SG(40+)95 was dissolved together with an amino acid and a reducing sugar in deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 8. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to afford an off white powder MRP.
[005605] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. The test procedure was the same as that of example 16.
Figure imgf000617_0001
Figure imgf000618_0001
[005606] Example 21
[005607] Different concentrations of MRP samples were prepared from stevia extract: RD6SG(40+)95 and then evaluated for their flavor. The parameters and result are as follow.
[005608] The MRP sample is the product of Example 20-8, 20-9, 20-11 and 20-15
Figure imgf000619_0001
[005609] This demonstrates that the identical MRP at different concentrations can provide different flavors.
[005610] It was found that even for same MRP, different concentrations can provide different flavors. The test method was the same as that of example 16.
[005611] Example 22
[005612] lOg of sucralose (available from ANHUI JIN HE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD, China) was dissolved together with lg phenylalanine and 0.8g galactose in 4g deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 8. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP. Compared to unreacted sucralose, the MRP provided thick violet flavor as well as a reduction of the sweet lingering.
[005613] Example 23
[005614] 3.8g RD6SG(40+)95 was dissolved together with an amino acid blend (mixture of
O.lg lysine, O.lg alanine, O.lg serine, O.lg glycine and O.lg threonine) and a reducing sugar blend (mixture of 0.2g glucose and 0.6g fructose) in deionized water. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005615] The MRP prepared in this Example gave a pleasant nut flavor.
[005616] Example 24
[005617] Enough citric acid was dissolved in deionized water to obtain a solution with pH 3.0. The solution was used to dissolve sugar and several MRPs prepared in above examples obtain several solutions as shown in the table below.
Figure imgf000620_0001
[005618] The sugar solution (solution 1) was used as a control. A panel including 8 persons was asked to taste the solutions and make a comparison between each of solutions 2 through 6 in comparison to solution 1. The panel evaluated the sweetness, described the taste and mouth feel and chose which solution(s) performed best. The results are as follow:
Figure imgf000620_0002
Figure imgf000621_0001
[005619] It can be concluded that MRPs can reduce the usage of sugar by 50% or more without losing any good mouth feel, even when the total sugar equivalence (SE) reaches up to 10%-11%. The MRPs can give other pleasant notes and tastes, which makes the taste of sugar reduction products better than that of sugar.
[005620] Example 25
[005621] Stevia extract material:
[005622] RA90/RD7: available from Sweet Green Fields.
[005623] General process for Samples 25-1 through 25-18:
[005624] 5g stevia extract material was dissolved with O.lg amino acid and/or vitamin C and O.lg of a reducing sugar in 5g deionized water. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powdered MRP. The test method was the same as that of example 16.
[005625] The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow:
Figure imgf000622_0001
[005626] Example 26
[005627] Enough citric acid was dissolved in deionized water to obtain a solution with pH 3.0. The solution was used to dissolve sugar, thaumatin (available from Sweet Green Fields) and an MRP prepared in example 25-1 to make several solutions as shown in the table below.
Figure imgf000622_0002
[005628] The sugar solution (solution 1) was used as a control. A panel including 6 persons was asked to taste the solutions and make comparisons between each of solutions 2 through 5 in comparison to solution 1. The panel evaluated the sweetness and described the taste and mouth feel. The results are as follow:
Figure imgf000623_0001
[005629] It can be seen that MRP of RA90/RD7 together with thaumatin can reduce the usage of sugar by 80% or more as well as keep good mouth feel, even when the total sugar equivalence (SE) reached up to 10%-12%. However, for full sugar reduction application, although the MRP of RA90/RD7 alone or together with thaumatin can reach up to 10% SE, it did not provide a satisfactory taste because of the bitter aftertaste.
[005630] Example 27
[005631] Stevia extract material:
[005632] RA80: available from Sweet Green Fields.
[005633] General process for Samples 27-1 through 27-6: 5g stevia extract material was dissolved together with O.lg of an amino acid and/or vitamin C and O.lg of a reducing sugar in 5g deionized water. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powdered MRP. The test method was the same as that of example 16. [005634] The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow:
Figure imgf000624_0001
[005635] These samples were evaluated by 4 persons. For RA80, the MRPs prepared provided a pleasant flavor/taste and had improved mouth feel.
[005636] Example 28
[005637] Stevia extract material:
[005638] RA80: available from Sweet Green Fields.
[005639] General process for Samples 28-1 through 28-4: 5g stevia extract material was dissolved with 0.4g of an amino acid and 0.4g of a reducing sugar in 5g deionized water and lOg glycerin. The solution was heated to about 120 degrees centigrade for about 1 hour. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005640] The parameters and the taste profile of the products were as follow:
Figure imgf000625_0001
[005641] The samples were evaluated by 4 persons. For RA80, the MRPs prepared provided a pleasant chocolate flavor/taste and had improved mouth feel. The test method was the same as that of example 16.
[005642] Example 29
[005643] Enough citric acid was dissolved in deionized water to obtain a solution with pH 3.0. The solution was used to dissolve sugar or the MRP prepared in example 28-2 to make solutions as shown in the table below:
Figure imgf000625_0002
[005644] The sugar solution (solution 1) was used as a control. A panel including 6 persons was asked to taste the solutions and to make a comparison. The panel compared the sweetness and described the taste and mouth feel. The test method was the same as that of example 16. The results are as follow:
Figure imgf000625_0003
Figure imgf000626_0001
[005645] It can be seen that MRP of RA80 can reduce the usage of sugar by 50% or more as well as provide good mouth feel, even when the total sugar equivalence (SE) reaches up to 10%. In addition, it can give a very pleasant taste like that of chocolate milk.
[005646] Example 30
[005647] Stevia extract material:
[005648] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36.
[005649] General process for Samples 30-1-1 through 30-6-3:
[005650] Glucose and phenylalanine were blended in particular ratios and noted as a G&P mixture in the table below. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the G&P mixture in 5 ml deionized water to adjust the solids content to 67%. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 8 or citric acid was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 3 or no pH regulator was added so that the pH was about 5. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for a period of time as noted in the table. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powdered MRP.
[005651] Experiments
[005652] The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Each sample was evaluated by a panel of 4 people and the resultant data was the average of the panel.
Figure imgf000627_0001
Figure imgf000628_0001
Figure imgf000629_0001
*the solid content of the taste solution is 500ppm for each sample.
[005653] Method: For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of flower smell, intensity of floral taste, full body, sweet lingering and bitterness. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then make notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the sample and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of flower smell is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight. Similarly, a "5" for bitterness, and sweet lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitterness, and/or sweet lingering is reduced or is removed.
[005654] Data analysis
[005655] The relationship between the intensity of floral taste to the ratio of stevia to G&P mixture is depicted in Figure 1.
[005656] Observations:
[005657] (1) For pH, the MRPs prepared with an acidic regulator, an alkaline regulator or at their naturally occurring pH all provided a pleasant floral taste and fragrance as well as improving the mouth feel of the stevia extract. The effect was more intense at the unbuffered pH value (pH 5) in comparison to adjusted pH values (pH 3 or 8).
[005658] (2) For the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixtures, it can be seen that over the ratio range of 99:1 to 1:99, the MRPs provided fragrance, taste, and mouth feel improvement. Among those, there is a range in which the taste and mouth feel of the MRPs is enhanced. The ratio range is about 90:10 to 40:60.
[005659] (3) For the ratio of glucose to phenylalanine, the improvement of fragrance, taste, and mouth feel was more intense by increasing the ratio of glucose to phenylalanine. The more glucose, the better the taste profile and the more extensive the range of the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixture.
[005660] (4) For the reaction duration, the MRPs can improve the fragrance, taste, and mouth feel of stevia extract even after reaction of the components at 24 hours. However, short reaction times, for example 8 hours, appear to improve the products. That is, because it is believed, that the flavorful substances are generated early on in the reaction and may change to less flavorful components after additional reaction time.
[005661] Example 31
[005662] Stevia extract material:
[005663] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36
[005664] General process for Samples 31-1-1 through 31-6-3:
[005665] Galactose and glutamic acid were blended in particular ratios and noted as a G&P mixture in the table below. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the G&P mixture in 5 ml deionized water to adjust the solids content to 67%. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 8 or add citric acid was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 3 or no pH regulator was added so that the pH was about 5. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for a period of time (see table). When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powdered MRP.
[005666] Experiments
[005667] The parameters and the taste profiles of the products were as follow. Each sample was evaluated by a panel of 4 people and the resultant data was the average of the panel.
Figure imgf000632_0001
Figure imgf000633_0001
Figure imgf000634_0001
"the solid content of the taste solution is 500ppm for each sample.
[005668] Method: For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of flower smell, intensity of floral taste, full body, sweet lingering and bitterness. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then make notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the sample and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of flower smell is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight. Similarly, a "5" for bitterness, and sweet lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitterness, and/or sweet lingering is reduced or is removed.
[005669] Data analysis
[005670] The relationship between the intensity of tangerine taste to the ratio of stevia to G&P mixture in the examples is depicted in Figure 2.
[005671] Observations:
[005672] (1) For pH, the MRPs prepared with an acidic regulator, an alkaline regulator or at their naturally occurring pH provided a pleasant tangerine taste and fragrance, as well as improving the mouth feel of stevia extract.
[005673] (2) For the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixtures, it can be seen that over the ratio range of 99:1 to 1:99, the MRPs provided fragrance, taste, and mouth feel improvements. There is a range in which the taste and mouth feel of the MRPs was better and the range was related to pH conditions. When the components were reacted or 2 hours, the ratio range is about 80:20 to 40:60 at pH 3; 90:10 to 40:60 at pH 5; and 70:30 to 40:60 at pH 8.
[005674] (3) For the ratio of galactose to glutamic acid, the improvement of fragrance, taste, and mouth feel was more intense by increasing the ratio of galactose to glutamic acid. The more galactose, the better the taste profile and the more extensive range of the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixture.
[005675] (4) For the reaction duration, the MRPs can improve the fragrance, taste, and mouth feel of stevia extract even after reaction of the components at 24 hours. However, shorter reaction times, for example 2 to 8 hours, appeared to improve the products. That is, because it is believed, that the flavorful substances are generated early in the reaction and can change to less flavorful components after additional reaction time.
[005676] Example 32
[005677] Stevia extract material:
[005678] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36
[005679] General process for Samples 32-1-1 through 32-6-3:
[005680] Mannose and lysine were blended in particular ratios and noted as a G&P mixture in the table below. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the G&P mixture in 5 ml deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 8 or add citric acid was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 3 or no pH regulator was added and the pH of the solution was about 5. The solution was at about 100 degrees centigrade for a period of time noted in the table below. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powdered MRP.
[005681] Experiments
[005682] Each sample was evaluated by a panel of 4 people and the resultant data was the average of the panel.
Figure imgf000638_0001
Figure imgf000639_0001
Figure imgf000640_0001
*the solid content of the taste solution is 500ppm for each sample.
[005683] Method: For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of peach smell, intensity of peach taste, full body, sweet lingering and bitterness. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of peach smell is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight. Similarly, a "5" for bitterness, and sweet lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitterness, and/or sweet lingering is reduced or is removed.
[005684] Data analysis
[005685] The relationship between the intensity of peach taste to the ratio of stevia to G&P mixture in this example is depicted in Figure 3.
[005686] Observations:
[005687] (1) For pH, the MRPs prepared with an acidic regulator, an alkaline regulator or at their naturally occurring pH provided a pleasant tangerine taste and fragrance, as well as improving the mouth feel of stevia extract.
[005688] (2) For the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixtures, it can be seen that over the ratio range of 99:1 to 1:99, the MRPs provided fragrance, taste, and mouth feel improvements. There is a range in which the taste and mouth feel of the MRPs was better and the range was related to pH conditions. When components were reacted for 2 hours, the ratio range is about 70:30 to 30:70 at pH 3; 70:30 to 40:60 at pH 5; and 80:20 to 40:60 at pH 8.
[005689] (3) For the ratio of mannose to lysine, the improvement of fragrance, taste, and mouth feel was more intense by increasing the ratio of mannose to lysine. The more mannose, the better the taste profile and the more extensive the range of the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixture.
[005690] (4) For the reaction period, the MRPs improve the fragrance, taste, and mouth feel of stevia extract even after reaction of the components at 24 hours. However, shorter reaction times, for example 4 hours and 8 hours, appear to improve the products. That is, because it is believed, that the flavorful substances are generated early in the reaction may change to less flavorful components after additional reaction time.
[005691] Example 33
[005692] Stevia extract material:
[005693] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36.
[005694] General process for Samples 33-1-1 through 33-6-3:
[005695] Mannose and valine were blended in particular ratios and noted as a G&P mixture in the table below. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the G&P mixture in 5 ml deionized water. Sodium carbonate was to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 8 or add citric acid was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 3 or no pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. Then solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for a given period of time. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by a spray dryer to provide an off white powdered MRP.
[005696] Experiments
[005697] The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Each sample was evaluated by a panel of 4 people and the results are an average of the panel.
Figure imgf000643_0001
Figure imgf000644_0001
Figure imgf000645_0001
*the solid content of the taste solution is 500ppm for each sample.
[005698] Method: For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of chocolate smell, intensity of chocolate taste, full body, sweet lingering and bitterness. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of chocolate smell is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight. Similarly, a "5" for bitterness, and sweet lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitterness, and/or sweet lingering is reduced or is removed.
[005699] Data analysis
[005700] The relationship between the intensity of chocolate taste to the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixture in this example is depicted in Figure 4.
[005701] Observations:
[005702] (1) For pH, the MRPs prepared with an acidic regulator, an alkaline regulator or at their naturally occurring pH gave a pleasant chocolate taste and fragrance, as well as improving the mouth feel of stevia extract.
[005703] (2) For the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixtures, it can be seen that over the ratio range of 99:1 to 1:99, the MRPs provided fragrance, taste, and mouth feel improvements. There is a range in which the taste and mouth feel of the MRPs was better and the range was related to pH conditions. When components were reacted for 2 hours, the ratio range is about 80:20 to 50:50 at pH 3; 90:10 to 40:60 at pH 5; and 80:20 to 40:60 at pH 8.
[005704] (3) For the ratio of mannose to valine, the improvement of fragrance, taste, and mouth feel was more intense by increasing the ratio of mannose to valine. The more mannose, the better taste profile and the more extensive the range of the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixture.
[005705] (4) For the reaction duration, the MRPs can improve the fragrance, taste, and mouth feel of stevia extract even after reaction of the components at 24 hours. However, shorter reaction times, for example 4 hours and 8 hours, appear to improve the products. That is, because it is believed that, the flavorful substances generated early on in the reaction may change to less flavorful MRPs after additional reaction time.
[005706] Example 34
[005707] Stevia extract material:
[005708] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36.
[005709] General process for Samples 34-1-1 through 34-5-6:
[005710] Mannose and proline were blended in particular ratios and noted as a G&P mixture in the table below. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the G&P mixture in 5 ml deionized water. Sodium carbonate was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 8 or add citric acid was added to the reaction mixture to adjust the pH to about 3 or no pH regulator was added and the naturally occurring pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for a given period of time. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005711] Experiments
[005712] The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Each sample was evaluated by a panel of 4 people and the results were average of the panel.
Figure imgf000648_0001
Figure imgf000649_0001
*the solid content of the taste solution is 500ppm for each sample.
[005713] Method: For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of popcorn smell, intensity of popcorn taste, full body, sweet lingering and bitterness. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of popcorn smell is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight. Similarly, a "5" for bitterness, and sweet lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitterness, and/or sweet lingering is reduced or is removed.
[005714] Data analysis
[005715] The relationship between the intensity of popcorn taste to the ratio of stevia to G&P mixture in this example is depicted in Figure 5.
[005716] Observations:
[005717] (1) For pH, the MRPs prepared with an acidic regulator, an alkaline regulator or at their naturally occurring pH provided a pleasant popcorn taste and fragrance, as well as improving the mouth feel of stevia extract. The effect was more intense at the naturally occurring pH value (pH5 ) than at adjusted pH values (pH3 or 8).
[005718] (2) For the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixtures, it can be seen that over the ratio range of 99:1 to 1:99, the MRPs can all give fragrance, taste, and mouth feel improvements. There is a range in which the taste and mouth feel of the MRPs was better and the range was related to pH conditions. When components were reacted for 4 hours, the ratio ranges were about 90:10 to 50:50 at pH 3; 99:1 to 50:50 at pH 5; and 90:10 to 80:20 at pH 8.
[005719] (3) For the ratio of mannose to proline, the improvement of fragrance, taste, and mouth feel was more intense by increasing the ratio of mannose to proline. The more mannose, the better the taste profile and the more extensive the range of the ratio of stevia to the G&P mixture.
[005720] Example 35 [005721] Evaluate the improvement of MRP relative to sucralose
[005722] Materials:
[005723] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36.
[005724] Sucralose: available from ANHUI JIN HE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD, China
[005725] General processes for Samples 35-1 through 35-12:
[005726] Method #1 (samples 35-1 to 35-4):
[005727] The product of Example 36 was dissolved with an amino acid and a reducing sugar in deionized water as noted in the table below. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Sucralose was then added to the mixture. The resultant slurry was freeze dried to provide an off white powdered MRP.
[005728] Method #2(samples 35-5 to 35-8):
[005729] An amino acid and a reducing sugar was dissolved in deionized water as noted in the table below. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was cooed to room temperature. Sucralose was then added to the mixture. The resultant slurry was freeze dried to provide an off white powdered MRP.
[005730] Method #3(samples 35-9 to 35-12):
[005731] Sucralose, an amino acid and a reducing sugar were dissolved in deionized water as noted in the table below. Then heat the solution at about 100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction completes, cool the reaction mixture to room temperature. The resulted slurry is dried by freeze dryer. Thus obtain the off white powder MRP.
[005732] Experiments
[005733] The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. The evaluation was a comparison to sucralose.
Figure imgf000652_0001
[005734] Evaluation
[005735] The appropriate product or control (sucralose) was dissolved in deionized water to make the concentration of sucralose in each solution equal to 200ppm (The content of sucralose in the mixture is based on its proportion in the materials). A panel of 4 people evaluated the solutions by tasting the solutions and describing the taste profile. The results are as follow:
Figure imgf000653_0001
[005736] Method: For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of smell, intensity of taste, full body, sweet lingering and bitterness. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of smell is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight. Similarly, a "5" for bitterness, and sweet lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitterness, and/or sweet lingering is reduced or is removed.
[005737] Observations:
[005738] In addition to providing special flavors, MRPs can improve the taste profile of sucralose by cutting the sweet lingering taste, reducing bad aftertaste and providing a full mouth feel. However, the effect of the MRPs derived from amino acid and reduced sugar (method #1) was not as significant. Samples from methods #2 or #3 had better taste profiles than that of sucralose as the control.
[005739] Example 36
[005740] Preparation of stevia extract used as the material of MRPs
[005741] Air-dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (1kg) were extracted with distilled water at 45-55°C for 2 hours. The extracting step was repeated three times. The volume of water in each extracting stage was 5L, 5L and 3L, respectively. The liquid extract was separated from the solids by centrifugation. The filtered supernatant liquid extract was flocculated and the supernatant was separated by centrifugation. The supernatant was passed through a macroporous resin (1L, resin model: T28, available from Sunresin new materials Co. Ltd., China) and then desorbed with 3L of 65% ethanol/water. The desorption solution was treated by 1L of cationic exchange resin and 1L of anion exchange resin for desalination and decoloration. The desorption solution was spray-dried to a powder and designated as the crude extract. The crude extract was dissolved in 3 times its weight of 80% ethanol aqueous solution. The solution was then heated to 75-80°C and stirred for 1 hour. The solution was then cooled and allowed to stand for an hour at 20-25°C. The supernatant and precipitate were separated through centrifugation. The resultant precipitate was used to produce stevia extract product, RA97. The supernatant was distilled to recover ethanol and subsequently spray-dried to a powder. The powder was dissolved in 10 times its weight of water and treated with a macroporous resin (1L, resin model: T28, available from Sunresin new materials Co. Ltd., China). Materials were desorbed with a mixture of ethanol and water with different blend ratios. The desorption solution with low blend ratio of ethanol/water mixture such as 3L of 30% ethanol was concentrated and subsequently spray-dried to provide a powder. This powder was designated as "the final powder" which contained about 4-8% rebaudioside D and 1-4% rebaudioside M. The powder was used as material of MRP in the examples 30-34 above and examples which indicated that the raw materials used were "the product of example 36." Example 13 gives a typical product of this process and its composition.
[005742] Materials and Methods
[005743] Materials
[005744] Chemicals used for Maillard reactions were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Food Grade). Solvents and chemicals for analysis (GC/MS and LC/DAD/MS were supplied by Sigma- Aldrich (HPLC -grade and USP certified material). Reb-B (Lot RB 100722) and Reb-A (Lot Reb A 100 EPC 043-17-02) were supplied by EPC Natural Products.
[005745] Samples SG 1, SG 1-1, SG 1-3, SG 1-8, SG 2-2, etc. are fractions taken of Example
36 (above). The components are provided as follow and are noted in Table 5 Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 1 (182.3 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000655_0001
Figure imgf000656_0001
[005746] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 2 (155.9 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000656_0002
Figure imgf000657_0001
[005747] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 1-2 (154.4 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000657_0002
Figure imgf000658_0001
[005748] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 1-3 (149.5 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000658_0002
Figure imgf000659_0001
[005749] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 1-4 (151.4 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000659_0002
Figure imgf000660_0001
[005750] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 1-5 (157.3 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000660_0002
Figure imgf000661_0001
[005751] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 1-6 (164.6 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000661_0002
Figure imgf000662_0001
Figure imgf000663_0001
[005753] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 1-8 (156.8 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000664_0001
[005754] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 1-9 (150.7 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000665_0001
Figure imgf000666_0001
[005755] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 2-1 (160.6 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000666_0002
Figure imgf000667_0001
[005756] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 2-2 (166.6 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000667_0002
Figure imgf000668_0001
[005757] Steviol glycosides in SG Fraction No. 2-3 (165.1 mg/10 ml)
Figure imgf000668_0002
Figure imgf000669_0001
[005758] Materials:
[005759] Reference standards for steviol glycosides (Reb A, Reb B, Reb C, Reb D, Reb E, Reb F, Reb G, Reb M, Reb N) were obtained from Chromadex (LGC Germany). Solvents and reagents (HPLC grade) were obtained from VWR (Vienna) or Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna).
[005760] Davisil Grade 633 (high-purity grade silica gel, pore size 60 A, 200-425 mesh particle size was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna).
[005761] Sample Preparation:
[005762] 300 mg sample was dissolved in 20 ml Acetonitrile/H20=9/l (v/v).
[005763] HPLC-Method:
[005764] The HPLC system consisted of an Agilent 1100 system (autosampler, ternary gradient pump, column thermostat, VWD-UV/VIS detector, DAD-UV/VIS detector) connected in-line to an Agilent mass spectrometer (ESI-MS quadrupole G1956A VL). For HPLC analysis 150 mg of the corresponding sample was dissolved in Acetonitrile (1 ml) and filled up to 10 ml with
H2O.
[005765] The samples were separated at 0.8 ml/min on a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro-RP (150 x 3 mm) followed by a Macherey-Nagel Nucleosil 100-7 C18 (250 x 4.6 mm) at 45 °C by gradient elution. Mobile Phase A consisted of a 0.01 molar NH4-Acetate buffer (native pH) with 0.1 % acetic acid, 0.05 % trimethylamine and 0.001 % dichloromethane. Mobile Phase B consisted of 0.01 molar NH4-Acetate buffer (native pH) and Acetonitrile (1/9 v/v) with 0.1 % acetic acid, 0.05 % trimethylamine and 0.001 % dichloromethane. The gradient started with 22 % B, was increased linearly in 20 minutes to 45 % B and kept at this condition for another 15 minutes. Injection volume was set to 10 mI.
[005766] The detectors were set to 210 nm (VWD), to 205 and 254 nm (DAD with spectra collection between 200-600 nm) and to ESI negative mode TIC m/z 300-1500, Fragmentor 200, Gain 2 (MS, 300 °C, nitrogen 12 l/min, nebulizer setting 50 psig. Capillary voltage 4500 V).
[005767] Detection at 210 nm was used to quantify the chromatograms, the MS-spectra were used to determine the molar mass and structural information of individual peaks. Detection at 254 nm was used to identify non-steviol glycoside peaks.
[005768] Identification and Quantification:
[005769] Steviol-glycosides were identified by comparison of retention times to authentic reference standards and/or by evaluation of the mass spectra obtained (including interpretation of the fragmentation pattern and double charged ions triggered by the presence of dichloromethane).
[005770] Steviol-glycosides were quantified against external standards. In case that no reference standard was available quantification was performed against Reb-A.
[005771] The maximum calibration range of reference standards was in a range 0.1-50 mg/10 ml (dissolved in Acetonitrile/H20=9/l (v/v)).
[005772] Example 37 Screening the scent of stevia MRP
[005773] In this example, the amino acid and reducing sugar was reacted. The reaction condition were as follow.
Reducing sugar: 3.35g
Amino acid: l.65g;
Amino acid: reducing sugar =1:2
Water: 2.5g;
Temperature: l00°C;
Duration: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[005774] In addition, the reaction of amino acid, reducing sugar and stevia extract was added in the process. The reaction conditions were as follow.
[005775] Stevia extract: product of Example 36; Final powder.
[005776] Weight ratio of reducing sugar to amino acid: 2:1; [005777] Weight ratio of stevia extract to the blend of reducing sugar and amino acid: 90:10, 60:40, and 30:70, respectively;
[005778] The total weight of stevia extract, reducing sugar and amino acid: 5g; noted as following table.
Figure imgf000671_0001
Water: 2.5g
Temperature: lOO°C;
Duration: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[005779] The odor of all the resultant mixtures after reaction completion were evaluated by a panel of 4 trained persons.
[005780] Results:
The products of the amino acid and reducing sugar
amino acid: reducing sugar =1:2 Duration: 2 hours Temperature: 100°C
Figure imgf000672_0001
The products of stevia extract, amino acid and reducing sugar
Stevia extract:amino acid:reducing sugar=90:3.3:6.7 Duration: 2 hours Temperature: 100°C
Figure imgf000672_0002
Figure imgf000673_0001
Figure imgf000673_0003
Figure imgf000673_0002
Figure imgf000674_0001
Figure imgf000674_0002
[005781] Conclusions:
[005782] Comparing the odor evaluation results of above reaction solutions, it was found that when amino acid and reducing sugar react, by selecting the specific reducing sugar and amino acid, a specific odor could be obtained, such as phenylalanine and xylose (flora odor) or proline and glucose (popcorn). By selecting the specific reducing sugar and amino acid, odorless MRPs could be obtained, too, such as glutamic acid and lactose, or arginine and rhamnose. It was be also found that when the stevia extract is added in the reaction for those amino acid and reducing sugar which could produce odor after reaction, the resulted products can still give the similar odor. Surprisingly, when stevia extract is introduced in those reactions in which an amino acid and a reducing sugar that doesn't provide an odor after reaction, in some cases, new pleasant odors were produced. For example, the reaction product of glutamic acid and lactose do not produce odor producing MRPs, but when stevia extract participated in the reaction, a citrus odor was be obtained. Similarly, examples include peach odor (lysine + glucose + stevia extract), sunflower seed odor (arginine + rhamnose + stevia extract), Chinese date odor (alanine + glucose + stevia extract), or succade odor (alanine + arabinose + stevia extract). Therefore, it has been surprisingly discovered that stevia extract plays a key role in producing these specific odors which standard amino acids and sugar donors cannot produce.
[005783] The products in examples 38-48, 72-77, 88-123, 140-166 were evaluated by the following method. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure as follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[005784] Sensory evaluation method:
[005785] Products were evaluated in terms of flavor intensity, sweetness profile and mouth feel. [005786] The score was used to evaluate the overall taste of the products. The overall- likeability score is the average of the score of flavor intensity, sweet profile and mouth feel.
[005787] For flavor intensity, 2 factors such as odor intensity and flavor taste intensity were be evaluated. The score of flavor intensity is the average of the 2 factors.
[005788] For sweetness profile, 3 factors such as bitterness, metallic aftertaste and sweet lingering were evaluated. Because the stronger the degree of these three parameters, the higher the score, thus the worse the sweetness profile. So the score of sweetness profile is the result of 5 minus the average of the 3 factors.
[005789] For mouth feel, 1 factor, kokumi, was evaluated.
[005790] A panel of 6 trained testers evaluated the samples and gave scores of 1-5 according to the following standards. For the flavor intensity and mouth feel, the higher the score, the better. For the bitterness, metallic aftertaste and sweet lingering, the lower the score the better.
[005791] 1) Odor intensity
[005792] The odor intensity is defined by the level of threshold of product concentration at which odor is perceived.
[005793] The sample was dissolved in a neutral aqueous solution to prepare a 500 ppm solution. The solution was diluted stepwise, and 25 ml of the dilute was placed in a 50 ml round bottom flask. The tester placed their nose 1 cm above the mouth of the flask and smelled it to determine if the solution had a characteristic odor. The concentration at which >50% of the testers considered the solution to be odorless is the odor concentration threshold of the sample. The odor intensity score of the sample is given according to the level of concentration threshold corresponding to the score of the table below.
Figure imgf000676_0001
[005794] 2) Flavor taste intensity [005795] The flavor taste intensity is defined by the level of threshold product concentration at which flavor taste is perceptible with 5 being the best.
[005796] The sample was dissolved in a neutral aqueous solution to prepare a 500 ppm solution. This solution was diluted stepwise. The tester placed 20-30 ml of the solution in his/her mouth for 5 seconds to judge whether the solution had a characteristic flavor taste. The concentration at which >50% of the testers considered the solution to be non-flavored (note that it is not sweet) is the flavor concentration threshold of the sample. The flavor taste intensity score of the sample is given according to the level of concentration threshold corresponding to the score of the table below.
Figure imgf000677_0001
[005797] 3) Kokumi level
[005798] Evaluation standard:
[005799] Prepare a 5% sucrose solution with neutral water. This solution was used as a standard solution which kokumi degree is set 5.
[005800] A 250ppm RA solution was prepared with neutral water. This solution was used as a standard solution to which the kokumi degree was set as 1 with 5 being the best.
[005801] An appropriate amount of yeast extract (available from Leiber, 44400P-145) was dissolved in a 250 ppm aqueous solution of RA97 such that the degree of kokumi of the resulting solution was consistent with the standard solution of kokumi degree of 5 (5% sucrose). After evaluation by a panel of 6 testers, it was determined that a solution of 100 ppm the yeast extract dissolved in 250 ppm RA97 was substantially identical to the degree of kokumi of the 5% sucrose solution. Thus, the criteria for determining the degree of kokumi are as follows.
Figure imgf000677_0002
[005802] Evaluation method: [005803] The sample to be evaluated was dissolved in neutral deionized water to make the concentration of steviol glycosides equal to 250ppm. The tester placed 20-30 mL of the evaluation solution in their mouth. After 5 seconds the solution was spit out. After a mouthwash step with water, the standard solution was taken. If the degree of Kokumi was similar, the Kokumi degree of the sample solution can be determined as the Kokumi degree value of the standard solution. Otherwise it was necessary to take additional standard solutions and try again until the Kokumi degree value was determined.
[005804] 4) Bitterness
[005805] Quinine (99% purity) concentration of 108-104 mol/L was the bitterness standard, and the specific bitterness scoring standards are shown in the following table.
Figure imgf000678_0001
[005806] The sample to be evaluated was dissolved in neutral deionized water to make the concentration of steviol glycosides equal to 250ppm. The tester placed 20-30 mL of the evaluation solution in their mouth. After 5 seconds the sample was spit out. After a rinse step with water, the standard solution was tasted. If the bitter taste was similar, the bitterness of the sample can be determined as the bitterness value of the standard solution. Otherwise it was necessary to take additional standard solution(s) and try again until the bitterness value was determined with 1 being the best.
[005807] 5) Metallic aftertaste
[005808] Sucralose (available from Anhui Jinhe Industrial Co., Ltd) was used as a standard reference. The specific metallic aftertaste scoring standards are shown in the table below.
Figure imgf000678_0002
[005809] The sample to be evaluated was dissolved in neutral deionized water to make the concentration of steviol glycosides equal to 250ppm. The tester places 20-30 mL of the evaluation solution in their mouth. After 5 seconds, the solution is spit out. After a rinse step with water the standard solution was tasted. If the metallic aftertaste was similar, the metallic aftertaste of the sample was determined as the metallic aftertaste score of the standard liquid, otherwise it was necessary to take additional standard liquid samples and taste it again until the metallic aftertaste score was determined with 1 being the best.
[005810] 6) Sweet lingering
[005811] The sample to be evaluated was dissolved in neutral deionized water to make the concentration of steviol glycosides equal to 250ppm. The tester placed 20-30 mL of the evaluation solution in their mouth, and timing was started to record the sweetness start time and peak time. The test solution was then spit out. Recording of time continued for the time when the sweetness disappeared completely. The time at which the sweetness completely disappeared was compared to the time in the table below to determine the value of sweet lingering.
Figure imgf000679_0001
[005812] Example 38 the relationship between the taste profile of flora taste stevia and the ratio of the mixture of Xylose and phenylalanine to stevia extract
[005813] Stevia extract material:
[005814] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36, final powder.
[005815] Common process:
[005816] Xylose and phenylalanine were blended in the ratio of 2:1 and named as X&P mixture. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the X&P mixture in deionized water to make the solids content to 67%. There was no need to add any pH regulator and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005817] Experiments [005818] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resultant data was the average of the panel. The reaction parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, mouth feel and sweetness profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. The concentrations of stevia extract in all sample solutions are the same, 250ppm.
Figure imgf000680_0001
Sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000681_0001
Figure imgf000681_0002
[005819] Data analysis
[005820] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of X&P mixture to stevia extract in this example is presented in Figure 37.
[005821] The relationship between the Overall-likeability score to the ratio of X&P mixture to stevia extract in this example is presented in Figure 38.
[005822] Conclusion:
[005823] As can be seen from the overall-likeability data, with the ratio of X&P mixture to stevia extract ranged from 10/90 to 80/20, the products provided a very good taste (score > 3.5), particularly when the ratio of X&P mixture to stevia extract ranged from 20/80 to 60/40, the products gave a superior taste (score >4).
[005824] Example 39 taste comparison between stevia-reacted MRP and the blend of stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP (flora taste)
[005825] Stevia extract materials:
[005826] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36, final powder; RA75/RB15; and RA80/RB10/RD.
[005827] Preparation of the non-stevia-reacted MRP:
[005828] 3.3g Xylose and 1.7g phenylalanine were blended and dissolved in 2.5g deionized water. No pH regulator was added; resultant pH about 5. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder non-stevia-reacted MRP.
[005829] Preparation of the stevia-reacted MRP:
[005830] 0.67g Xylose, 0.33g phenylalanine and 4g stevia extract material were dissolved in 2.5g deionized water. No pH regulator was added; resultant pH was about 5. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005831] Experiments
[005832] Several stevia-reacted MRPs in this Example were prepared. In addition, the stevia extract was blended with non-stevia-reacted MRP to make several mixtures for comparison. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resultant data was the average of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure that follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then makes notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
Figure imgf000684_0001
*a stevia-reacted MRP
[005833] B blend the stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP
[005834] Data analysis
[005835] The comparison between the products of EX39-1 and EX39-2 is presented in Figure 39. The comparisons between the products of EX39-3 and EX39-4, EX39-5 and EX39-6 presented similar results.
[005836] Conclusion:
[005837] When blended with an MRP, the taste of stevia extract was improved in particular with mouth feel improvement. Surprisingly, when the stevia extract was introduced into the Maillard reaction, the taste of resultant stevia-reacted MRP was significantly improved compared to the blend.
[005838] Example 40 the relationship between the taste profile of sunflower seed taste stevia and the ratio of the mixture of rhamnose and arginine to stevia extract
[005839] Stevia extract material:
[005840] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36, final powder.
[005841] Common process:
[005842] Blend rhamnose and arginine in a ratio of 2:1 referred to as R&A mixture. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the R&A mixture in deionized water to make the solids content to 67%. A pH regulator was not added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005843] Experiments
[005844] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resultant data was the average of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. The concentrations of stevia extract in all sample solutions are the same, 250ppm. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure that follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then makes notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
Figure imgf000686_0001
Figure imgf000687_0001
[005845] Data analysis
[005846] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract in this example is depicted in Figure 40.
[005847] The relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract in this example is depicted in Figure 41.
[005848] Conclusion:
[005849] As can be seen from the overall likeability data, with the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract ranged from 20/80 to 90/10, the products provided good taste (score > 2.5), particularly when the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract ranges from 30/70 to 60/40, the products provided a very good taste (score >3). Note that when the ratio of R&A mixture to stevia extract ranged from 70/30 to 90/10, in which the content of stevia extract in the reactant is lower, there was not significant flavor taste and smell shown in the product. This is believed to be because the sunflower seed flavor was obtained when introducing the stevia extract into the reaction of rhamnose and arginine. Accordingly, in the ratio range from 70/30 to 90/10, the level of stevia extract in the reactant was very low, so the flavor intensity is not significant. However, even though there was no strong flavor, the product provided significant mouth feel improvement and so made the score of overall-likeability still high.
[005850] Example 41 taste comparison between stevia-reacted MRP and the blend of stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP (sunflower seed taste)
[005851] Stevia extract material:
[005852] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36, final powder; RA75/RB15; and RA80/RB10/RD6
[005853] Preparation of the non-stevia-reacted MRP:
[005854] 3.3g rhamnose and 1.7g arginine were blended and dissolved in 2.5g deionized water. No pH regulator was added and the pH of the solution was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder non-stevia-reacted MRP.
[005855] Preparation of the stevia-reacted MRP: [005856] lg rhamnose, 0.5g arginine and 3.5g stevia extract material were dissolved in 2.5g deionized water. No pH regulator was added and the pH of the solution was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005857] Experiments
[005858] Several stevia-reacted MRPs in this Example were prepared. In addition, a blend of the stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP was prepared to make several mixtures for comparison. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resultant data was averaged of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure that follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then makes notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
Figure imgf000690_0001
*a stevia-reacted MRP;
b blend the stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP; c the stevia extract as control
[005859] Conclusion:
[005860] No matter if the stevia extract was blended with the MRP or was introduced into the Maillard reaction, the taste of stevia extract was improved, especially with regard to mouth feel improvement. Surprisingly and particularly, when the stevia extract was introduced in the Maillard reaction, the taste of the resultant stevia-reacted MRP was significantly improved compared to the simple blend.
[005861] Example 42 the relationship between the taste profile of popcorn taste stevia and the ratio of the mixture of galactose and proline to stevia extract
[005862] Stevia extract material:
[005863] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36; final powder.
[005864] Common process:
[005865] Galactose and proline were blended in the ratio of 2:1 and named as G&P mixture. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the G&P mixture in deionized water to make the solids content to 67%. No pH regulator was added and the pH of the solution was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005866] Experiments
[005867] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resultant data was the average of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. The concentrations of stevia extract in all sample solutions are the same, 250ppm.
Figure imgf000691_0001
Figure imgf000692_0001
Figure imgf000693_0001
[005868] Data analysis
[005869] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of G&P mixture to stevia extract in this example is shown in Figure 42.
[005870] The relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of G&P mixture to stevia extract in this example is shown in Figure 43. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure that follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then makes notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[005871] Conclusion:
[005872] As can be seen from the overall likeability data, when the ratio of G&P mixture to stevia extract ranged from 20/80 to 90/10, the products provided good taste (score > 3), particularly when the ratio of G&P mixture to stevia extract ranged from 30/70 to 50/50, the products provided a very good taste (score >3.5).
[005873] Example 43 taste comparison between stevia-reacted MRP and the blend of stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP (popcorn taste)
[005874] Stevia extract material:
[005875] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36, final powder; STV60/TSG(13)95 (66.19% stevioside, available from sweet Green Fields); RA75/RB15; and RA80/RB10/RD6
[005876] Preparation of the non-stevia-reacted MRP:
[005877] 3.3g galactose and 6.7g proline were blended and dissolved in 2.5g deionized water. No pH regulator was added and the pH of the solution was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder non-stevia-reacted MRP.
[005878] Preparation of the stevia-reacted MRP:
[005879] lg galactose, 0.5g proline and 3.5g stevia extract material were dissolved in 2.5g deionized water. No pH regulator was added and the pH of the solution was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005880] Experiments
[005881] Several stevia-reacted MRPs in this Example were prepared. In addition, the stevia extract was blended with non-stevia-reacted MRP to make several mixtures for comparison. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resultant data was the average of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure that follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then makes notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
Figure imgf000696_0001
*a stevia-reacted MRP;
B blend the stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP
[005882] Data analysis
[005883] The comparison between the products of EX43-3 and EX43-4 is shown in Figure 44.
[005884] The comparisons between the products of EX43-1 and EX43-2, EX43-5 and EX43- 6, EX43-7 and EX43-8 present similar results.
[005885] Conclusion:
[005886] No matter if the stevia extract was blended with MRP or was introduced in the Maillard reaction, the taste of stevia extract was improved especially with mouth feel improvement. Surprisingly, when the stevia extract was introduced in the Maillard reaction, the taste of the resultant stevia-reacted MRP was significantly improved compared to the blend.
[005887] Example 44 the effect of the species of reducing sugar on the flavor of chocolate
[005888] Stevia extract material:
[005889] Stevia extract: RA80/TSG(13SG)95 (84.10% rebaudioside A, available from Sweet
Green Fields)
[005890] Common process:
[005891] The reducing sugar and valine were blended in a certain ratio and named as the
R&V mixture. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the R&V mixture in deionized water to make the solids content to 67%. The ratio of R&V mixture to Stevia extract was 30/70. Propylene glycol was added to the reaction mixture to make the ratio of propylene glycol to water equal to 1:5. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was then heated at about 120 degrees centigrade for 45min. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005892] Experiments
[005893] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resultant data was the average of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow.
Figure imgf000698_0001
Figure imgf000699_0001
[005894] Conclusion:
[005895] The products of valine reacting with all the reducing sugars gave a good chocolate flavor. Among them, rhamose and xylose were the better reactants to prepare a chocolate flavored MRP. When using rhamnose and valine as the reactants, the preferred ratio was 1:1.
[005896] Example 45 the relationship between the taste profile of chocolate taste stevia and the ratio of the mixture of rhamnose and valine to stevia extract
[005897] Stevia extract material:
[005898] Stevia extract: RA80/TSG(13SG)95 (84.10% rebaudioside A, available from Sweet
Green Fields).
[005899] Common process:
[005900] Rhamnose and valine were blended in a ratio of 1:1 and named as R&V mixture.
The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the R&V mixture in deionized water to make the solids content to 67%. Propylene glycol was added to the reaction mixture to make the ratio of propylene glycol to water equal to 1:2.5. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was then heated at about 120 degrees centigrade for 45min. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005901] Experiments
[005902] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resultant data were the average of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. The concentrations of stevia extract in all sample solutions are the same, 250ppm.
Figure imgf000700_0001
Figure imgf000701_0001
Figure imgf000702_0001
[005903] Data analysis
[005904] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of R&V mixture to stevia extract in this example is shown in Figure 45.
[005905] The relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of R&V mixture to stevia extract in this example is shown in Figure 46.
[005906] Conclusion:
[005907] As can be seen from the overall likeability data, when the ratio of R&V mixture to stevia extract ranged from 20/80 to 60/40, the products provided good taste (score > 3), especially when the ratio of R&V mixture to stevia extract ranged from 30/70 to 60/40, the products provided a very good taste (score >3.5). For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure that follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then makes notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[005908] Example 46 taste comparison between stevia-reacted MRP and the blend of stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP (chocolate taste)
[005909] Stevia extract material:
[005910] Stevia extract: RA80/TSG(13SG)95 (84.10% rebaudioside A, available from Sweet Green Fields); STV60/TSG(13SG)95 (66.19% stevioside, available from Sweet Green Fields).
[005911] Preparation of the non-stevia-reacted MRP:
[005912] Blend 2.5g rhamnose and 2.5g valine were blended and dissolved in 2.5g deionized water. 0.5g propylene glycol was added to the reaction mixture. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 120 degrees centigrade for 45min. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005913] Preparation of the stevia-reacted MRP: [005914] 0.75g rhamnose, 0.75g valine and 3.5g stevia extract material were dissolved in
2.5g deionized water. 0.5g propylene glycol was added to the reaction mixture. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was then heated at about 120 degrees centigrade for 45min. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005915] Experiments
[005916] Several stevia-reacted MRPs in this Example were prepared. In addition, the stevia extract was blended with non-stevia-reacted MRP to make several mixtures for comparison. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the result data were average of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow.
Figure imgf000705_0001
*a stevia-reactec MRP;
b blend the stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP
[005917] Data analysis
[005918] The comparison between the products of EX45-1 and EX45-2 is shown in Figure 47.
[005919] The comparison between the products of EX45-3 and EX45-4 presented similar results.
[005920] Conclusion:
[005921] No matter if the stevia extract was blended with MRP or was introduced in the Maillard reaction, the taste of stevia extract was improved especially with mouth feel improvement. Surprisingly, when the stevia extract was introduced in Maillard reaction, the taste of the resultant stevia-reacted MRP was significantly improved in comparison to the blend. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure that follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then makes notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[005922] Example 47 taste comparison between stevia-reacted MRP and the blend of stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP (citrus taste)
[005923] Stevia extract material:
[005924] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36, final powder; STV60/TSG(13SG)95 (66.19% stevioside, available from Sweet Green Fields).
[005925] Preparation of the non-stevia-reacted MRP:
[005926] 3.3g lactose and 1.7g glutamic acid were blended and dissolved in 2.5g deionized water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 3 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005927] Preparation of the stevia-reacted MRP: [005928] O.BBg lactose, 0.17g glutamic acid and 4.5g stevia extract material was dissolved in 2.5g deionized water to make the solids content to 67%. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 3 hours. When the reaction was completed, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[005929] Experiments
[005930] Several stevia-reacted MRPs in this Example were prepared. In addition, the stevia extract was blended with non-stevia-reacted MRP to make several mixtures for comparison. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the result data were average of the panel. The parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 1-5 according to the standard procedure that follows. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was allowed to re-taste, and then makes notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
Figure imgf000708_0001
*a stevia-reacted MRP;
b blend the stevia extract with non-stevia-reacted MRP
[005931] Data analysis
[005932] The comparison between the products of EX46-1 and EX46-2 is shown in Figure 48.
[005933] The comparison between the products of EX46-3 and EX46-4 presents similar result.
[005934] Conclusion:
[005935] It did not matter if the stevia extract was blended with MRP or it was added during the Maillard reaction, the taste of stevia extract was improved especially with mouth feel improvement. Surprisingly, when the stevia extract participates in Maillard reaction, the resultant stevia-reacted MRP has significant citrus flavor which was not shown in non-stevia- involved MRPs and the blend of the stevia extract with non-stevia-involved MRPs. Meanwhile, the stevia-reacted MRP also gives significant taste improvement compared to the blend.
[005936] Experimental section
[005937] Materials
[005938] Chemicals used for Maillard reactions were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Food Grade). Solvents and chemicals for analysis (GC/MS and LC/DAD/MS were supplied by Sigma- Aldrich (HPLC -grade and USP certified material). Rebaudioside B (Lot RB 100722) and Rebaudioside A (Lot Reb A 100 EPC 043-17-02) was supplied by EPC.
[005939] Test series using glycerol or glycerol/water as reaction solvent
[005940] As seen in Figure 6, one series of experiments was performed in sealed 20 ml Pyrex-Vials filled with 10 ml of reaction solvent. The reaction partner (amino acid, carbohydrate source) were dissolved/suspended in the reaction solvent and transferred into a glass beaker filled with sand pre-heated for at least 30 minutes at the reaction temperature in a drying oven. After the planned reaction time, the vials were transferred into ice water. After cooling to room temperature, sensory analysis and analytical characterization was performed.
[005941] All tests were performed with negative controls (only reaction solvent, reaction solvent and amino acid, reaction solvent and carbohydrate). [005942] Concentrations of the reaction partners, the incubation time and temperature are given in Table 1.
[005943] Table 1, Reaction partners and conditions
Figure imgf000710_0001
Figure imgf000710_0002
Figure imgf000710_0003
Figure imgf000710_0004
Figure imgf000710_0005
Figure imgf000711_0001
Figure imgf000711_0002
Figure imgf000711_0003
Figure imgf000712_0003
Figure imgf000712_0001
Figure imgf000712_0004
Figure imgf000712_0002
[005944] Abbreviations: Glu...Glucose, Sue... Scurose, Glue Acid... Glucuronic Acid, GlucLac... Glucuronolactone, Phe... Phenylalanine, Ala... Alanine, Lys... Lysine, Cys... Cysteine, Met... Methionine, Asp...Asparaginic Acid, Tyr... Tyrosine, Pro... Proline, Ser... Serin, Try... Tryptophane, Git... Glutaminic acid, Thr... Threonine, lie... Isoleucine, Xyl... Xylose, lie...Isoleucine, Asp...Asparaginic acid, SG... Steviol glycosides
[005945] Test series using buffer as reaction solvent
[005946] Another series of experiments was performed in 50 round flasks filled with 10 ml of reaction solvent. The reaction partner (amino acid, carbohydrate source) were dissolved/suspended in the reaction solvent and reflux heated for the time given on heating plates. After the planned reaction time, the flasks were transferred into ice water. After cooling to room temperature, sensory analysis and analytical characterization was performed.
[005947] Concentrations of the reaction partners, the incubation time and temperature are given in Table A.
[005948] Table A, Reaction partners and conditions
Figure imgf000713_0001
Figure imgf000713_0002
[005949] Test series with dry reaction conditions
[005950] Another series of experiments was performed in 20 ml sealed Pyrex vials. The reaction partner (amino acid, carbohydrate source) were finely grinded and mixed, then transferred in the Pyrex vial. A small volume of water was added and the reaction initiated in a drying oven. After the planned reaction time, the vials were transferred into ice water. After cooling to room temperature, sensory analysis and analytical characterization was performed. [005951] Concentrations of the reaction partners, the incubation time and temperature are given in Table 3.
[005952] Table 3, Reaction partners and conditions
Figure imgf000714_0001
After reaction 10 ml 0.1 molar KH2P04, pH 7.8 were added
Figure imgf000714_0002
After reaction 5ml ethanol were added.
[005953] Analytical Methods
[005954] The HPLC system consisted of an Agilent 1100 system (autosampler, ternary gradient pump, column thermostat, VWD-UV/VIS detector, DAD-UV/VIS detector) connected in-line to an Agilent mass spectrometer (ESI-MS quadrupole G1956A VL). For HPLC analysis the reacted samples were injected after filtration (2 pm syringe filters).
[005955] The samples were separated at 0.9 ml/min on a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro-RP (150 x 3 mm) at 35 °C by gradient elution. Mobile Phase A consisted of a 0.1 % formic acid in water. Mobile Phase B consisted of 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile. The gradient started with 2 % B, was increased linearly in 5 minutes to 15 % B and kept at this condition for another 15 minutes. Injection volume was set to 20 pi. [005956] The detectors were set to 205 nm (VWD), to 254 and 380 nm (DAD with spectra collection between 200-600 nm) and to ESI positive mode TIC m/z 120-800, Fragmentor 1000, Gain 2 (MS, 300 °C, nitrogen 12 l/min, nebulizer setting 50 psig. Capillary voltage 4500 V).
[005957] GC/MS conditions
[005958] Analytical conditions 1
Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus Gas Chromatograph
Figure imgf000715_0001
Column Aglient Technologies DB-1701
BO.O mx0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 pm
Column Oven Temperature 45 °C (3 min) - 15 °C/min- 250 °C (23.67
min)
GC Program Time 23.67 min
Mobile Phase He
Constant Pressure 250.0 kPa
Transfer Line Temperature 280 °C
GCMS-QP2020 Mass Spectrometer
Figure imgf000715_0002
Measurement Mode Full Scan (50-400 m/z)
Injection Head Space 500 pL
Ion Source Temperature 200 °C
TriPlus RSH Autosampler
Figure imgf000715_0003
Injection Temperature 250 °C
Injection Mode Splitless
Sample Injection Volume 1.0 pL
[005959] Analytical Conditions 2
Thermo Scientific Trace 1300 Gaschromatograph
Figure imgf000715_0004
Column SGE Analytical Science DB-5 MS
30.0 mx0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 pm
Column Temperature 50 °C (3 min) - 15 °C/min - 300 °C
Injection Splitmode
Figure imgf000716_0001
[005960] Sensory evaluation
[005961] Example 1
Figure imgf000716_0002
[005962] Example 2
Figure imgf000717_0001
Figure imgf000717_0002
Figure imgf000717_0003
Figure imgf000717_0004
Figure imgf000718_0001
[005963] Example 3
Figure imgf000718_0002
Figure imgf000719_0001
[005964] Example 4
Figure imgf000719_0002
Figure imgf000719_0003
(+), (++), (+++).... Intensity of Smell
[005965] Example 5
Figure imgf000719_0004
Figure imgf000720_0001
(+), (++), (+++).... Intensity of Smell
[005966] Example 6
Figure imgf000720_0003
Figure imgf000720_0002
Figure imgf000720_0004
Figure imgf000721_0001
[005967] Example 7
Figure imgf000721_0002
Figure imgf000721_0003
Figure imgf000722_0003
[005968] Example 8
Figure imgf000722_0001
Figure imgf000722_0002
Figure imgf000723_0001
[005969] Example 9
Figure imgf000723_0002
Figure imgf000723_0003
[005970] Example 10
Figure imgf000723_0004
Figure imgf000723_0005
[005971] Example 11
Figure imgf000724_0001
Figure imgf000724_0002
[005972] For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster was asked to describe the taste profile and score 0-5 according to the increasing sugar likeness, bitterness, aftertaste and lingering taste profiles. The first taster was allowed to re-taste, and then make notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the results, the tasting was repeated. In some sensory test results (above), the taste rating was expressed by "+", which means the intensity of the factors is shown by three levels. "+" for slight, "++" for moderate and "+++" for very strong.
[005973] Analytical Investigations
[005974] Chemical considerations [005975] As seen in following reaction scheme, the first reaction step between the reducing sugar and the amino group is a condensation reaction yielding a product which is usually denoted as MRI (Maillard Reaction Intermediate) or (after further reaction steps) Amadori Product, both, MRI and Amadori Products share the same molar mass.
[005976] Reaction Scheme 1, Example of early Maillard reaction between xylose and phenylalanine
Figure imgf000725_0001
Nominal Mass = 150 Nominal Mass = 165 Nominal Mass = 297
Xyl Phe early MRI
(various tautomeric forms)
Figure imgf000725_0002
Nominal Mass = 297
late MRI
[005977] The molar mass of any MRI can be calculated as molar mass of the sugar plus the molar mass of the amino acid minus 18. The following table provides the molar ions (m/z =
[M+H] +) of different MRIs which are of relevance for the Maillard reactions performed.
[005978] Basic calculation: MRI [M+H]+= mr amino acid + mr carbohydrate - mr H20 + H+
[005979] Table 4, MRI (Amadori) products formed during the first stage of Maillard reactions
Figure imgf000725_0003
Figure imgf000726_0001
[005980] HPLC/DAD/MS
[005981] The following example chromatograms show the formation of Maillard Reaction Products (MRI) for different combinations of amino acids and carbohydrates. Formation of MRIs is considered as a proof for the initiation of the Maillard Reaction. Figures 7 through 12 demonstrate the formation of MRIs.
[005982] Figure 7 is an MS-Chromatogram 1, MRP (SIM m/z=309) observed after reaction of 0.1 mMol Lys +0.1 mMol Glue in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 40 minutes.
[005983] Figure 8 is an MS-spectrum related to Figure 7.
[005984] Figure 9 is an MS-Chromatogram 2, MRI (SIM m/z=309) observed after reaction of 0.1 mMol Lys +0.1 mMol Reb-A (upper lane) or 0.05 mMol Reb-B/Glu (lower lane) in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 40 minutes.
[005985] Figure 10 is an MS-Chromatogram 3, MRI (SIM m/z=298 observed after reaction of 3.3 mMol Phe+10 mMol Xyl in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 20 minutes.
[005986] Figure 11 is an MS-Spectrum related to Figure 10.
[005987] Figure 12 is a UV-Chromatogram, 254 nm observed after reaction of 3.3 mMol
Phe+10 mMol Xyl in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 20 minutes (upper lane), lower lane Phe Standard.
[005988] Upper Lane, Peak at 4.77 min refers to MRI formed, at 14.5 min. the peak is related to Phe and has a corresponding UV/VIS spectrum and a m/z=244, explained as MRI-3 H20 (sugar dehydration)
[005989] Main findings: In all combinations tested, the early MRI (Amadori) products were identified by LC/MS (Table 5). Based on UV-detection the degradation of the free amino acid and appearance of the MRIs can be followed and quantified.
[005990] Table 5, MRI (Amadori) products detected during the experiments
Figure imgf000727_0001
[005991] GC/MS
[005992] Figure IB is a MS-Chromatogram (direct injection) obtained for reaction of 3.3 mMol Phe+10 mMol Glu (upper lane) or Xyl (lower lane) in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 20 minutes.
[005993] Identified flavor compounds (lower lane) of Figure 13 show Rt 4.11 min: Furfural, Rt 7.24 min: Benzeneacetaldehyde, Rt 7.97 min: Furan, Rt 12.57 min: Xylose, Rt 18.30 min: unknow
[005994] The region from about 8.59 minutes to 14.39 minutes is a region where sugar degradation products occur (acetol, glyoxal, glyceraldehyde, etc.)
[005995] Main findings: Flavor compounds are formed during the reaction, the conditions applied are yielding 2nd stage Maillard reaction products (sugar degradation).
[005996] Figure 14 depicts an MS-Chromatogram (head-space injection) obtained for reaction 0.1 mMol Phe +0.1 mMol Reb-A in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 40 minutes.
[005997] 10 peaks found, structure proposal from 1 to 10 (major peaks) include N-
Nitrosodimethylamine, none, 3-Hexen-l-ol acetate, none, Benzaldehyde, Benzoic acid methyl ester, Benzeneacetaldehyde, Cinnamaldehyde, 1,4-Butylene glycol dimethacrylate, none.
[005998] Figure 15 is an MS-Chromatogram (head-space injection) obtained for reaction 0.1 mMol Phe +0.05 mMol Reb-B/0.05 mMol Glu in 10 ml glycerin/water=9/l at 100 °C for 40 minutes.
[005999] 10 peaks found, structure proposal from 1 to 10 (bold the major peaks) [006000] N-Nitrosodimethylamine, none, 3-Hexen-l-ol acetate, none, Benzaldehyde, Benzoic acid methyl ester, Benzeneacetaldehyde, Cinnamaldehyde, 1, 4-Butylene glycol dimethacrylate, none.
[006001] Main findings: Reb-A and Reb-B/Glu (equimolar ratio) yield under the same conditions the same reaction products.
[006002] Combined sensory and analytical investigations (Steviol-glycosides
[006003] Example Phe-Reb A (Glue, Xyl, Sue)
[006004] Test Conditions
Figure imgf000728_0001
[006005] Sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000728_0002
Figure imgf000729_0001
PH=8.5 The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006006] Analytical investigations
[006007] All samples were analyzed by HPLC/MS using following conditions.
[006008] The samples were separated at 0.9 ml/min on a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro-RP (150 x 3 mm) at 35 °C. The mobile phase consisted of (A) 0.1 % HCOOH (v/v) and (B) AcCN. A gradient of 5 % (B) to 15 % (B) was applied between 0 min to 15 min. Between 15 and 20 min (B) was increased to 45 % which was kept for 5 min. Detection consisted of UV/VIS-DAD (205 nm, 254 nm, 450 nm) coupled to ESI-MS (pos mode, 300 °C, TIC from m/z 120-1200, fragmentor 100).
[006009] Quantitative evaluation was performed using external standardization.
[006010] General Chemistry
[006011] As seen in following reaction scheme, the first reaction step between the reducing sugar and the amino group is a condensation reaction yielding a product which is usually denoted as MRI (Maillard Reaction Intermediate) or (after further reaction steps) Amadori Product. Both, MRI and Amadori Products share the same molar mass.
[006012] Reaction Scheme 1, Example of early Maillard reaction between xylose and phenylalanine
Figure imgf000730_0001
Nominal Mass = 150 Nominal Mass = 165 Nominal Mass = 297
Xyl Phe early MRI
(various tautomeric forms)
Figure imgf000730_0002
Nominal Mass = 297
late MRI
[006013] The molar mass of any MRI can be calculated as molar mass of the sugar plus the molar mass of the amino acid minus 18. The following table provides the molar ions (m/z =
[M+H] +) of different MRIs which are of relevance for the Maillard reactions performed.
Basic calculation: MRI [M+H]+= mr amino acid + mr carbohydrate - mr H20 + H+.
[006014] Table 4, MRI (Amadori) products formed during the first stage of Maillard reactions
Figure imgf000730_0003
h Not existent in theory
[006015] The MRI of Phe/Glu and Phe/Xyl have already been detected and are shown before.
[006016] Kinetics of Reaction in dependence of pH-conditions
[006017] The following Tables show the reaction kinetics under the conditions chosen.
[006018] Degradation of Phe and Reb-A at various pH-conditions
Figure imgf000731_0001
[006021] Confirmation of Phe/Reb-A Maillard Reaction Product
[006022] Figure 16 is a chromatogram for reacted Phenylalanine and Reb-A, Upper Lane MS (SIM 1146), lower lane UV=205.
[006023] Figure 17 is a mass spectrum of Reb-A (m/z 985=M+H20+H]+).
[006024] Figure 18 is a mass spectrum of Reb-B (m/z 823=[M-162+H20+H]+).
[006025] Figure 19 is a mass spectrum of Reb-A MRP (m/z 1146=Reb-A+Phenylalanin
(Schiff's Base)+H+H20]+) with proposed m/z 1146=[M+H20+H]+, m/z 1000=[M+H20+H- 164+H2q]+ indicating loss of Phe and addition of one molecule H20, m/z 582=[2M-H20]+.
[006026] Structural proposal (several isomers are formed) of MRP Phe-Reb-A
Figure imgf000732_0001
Nominal Mass = 1127
m/z 1146= [M+H2O+H]
[006027] Example for 13 amino acids tested alone, with Glu, Reb-A and Reb-B/Glu (equimolar ratio)
[006028] All reactions were performed in 10 ml glycerin/water=9:l. The reaction partners were dissolved in water and then warmed glycerin (60 °C) was added. The reactions were performed at 100 °C for 40 minutes in a drying oven (sealed vials were positioned in pre-heated sand to increase heat transfer).
[006029] Sensory Evaluation for "negative controls" (i.e. no carbohydrate source)
Figure imgf000733_0001
[006030] The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006031] Sensory Evaluation of reactions between selected amino acids and GLu, Reb-A, Re-B/Glu (equimolar ratio). Prepared under Maillard Reaction conditions.
Figure imgf000733_0002
Figure imgf000734_0001
[006032] The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006033] Combined sensory and analytical investigations (Glucuronic Acid- Glucuronolactone) [006034] Test Conditions
R
1
9
1
1
1
A
G
1
A
9
1
G
9
Figure imgf000735_0001
[006035] Under the reaction conditions phenylalanine and glucose form the MRI (Phe+Glu).
[006036] If Glucuronolactone and Glucuronic Acid react with phenylalanine in the same way as glucose the predicted MRI would have a molar mass of 323 or 341. If both compounds are reacting with Phenylalanine after reduction to glucose, the MRI would have a molar mass of 327. Although theoretically the MRI of glucuronolactone may be formed it is reasonable to assume that glucuronolactone will hydrolyze to glucuronic acid under the reaction conditions; hence, the MRI with a molar mass of 342 is considered to represent a unique MRI for this reaction.
[006037] To clarify whether glucuronic acid and glucuronolactone react uniquely with phenylalanine, the reaction was performed with glucuronic acid or glucuronolactone in absences/presence of glucose.
[006038] Reaction scheme, MRI of glucuronolactone/glucuronic acid and phenylalanine
[006039] MRII Glucuronolactone MRI Glucuronic Acid
Figure imgf000736_0001
om na ass
Nominal Mass = 323
[006040] Results
[006041] Sensory evaluation, before reaction
Figure imgf000736_0002
[006042] The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006043] Sensory evaluation, after reaction
Figure imgf000736_0003
Figure imgf000737_0001
The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
Semi-quantitative evaluation of the MRIs formed by different reaction conditions
Figure imgf000737_0002
[006044] As seen, any reaction with glucuronic acid yields an MRI (Phe+Glucuronic Acid), but even in presence of glucose only this MRI detected. That points to a highly efficient and more preferred reaction when compared to glucose. On the other hand, glucurolactone forms the same MRI (Phe+glucuronolacte, hydrolyzed) but also the MRI (Phe+Glu) is formed even if no glucose is present. In case of presence of glucose, the amount of the MRI (Phe+Glu) is substantially higher than in absence of glucose.
Detection of unreacted partners
Figure imgf000737_0003
The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006045] From the Table above it becomes obvious that glucuronic acid and glucuronolactone are completely consumed in the reaction irrespectively of whether glucose is present or not. Glucose on the other hand is present in reacted samples whether glucuronic acid or glucuronolactone is present or not. That is a clear indication of the higher reactivity of glucuronic acid/glucuronolactone when compared to glucose.
[006046] The analytical proof of above findings is shown in Figures 20 through Figure 25.
[006047] Figure 20 is a chromatogram of the reaction of Phe+Glucuronic Acid (SIM mode).
Upper Lane: m/z=166 (Phe), m/z=328 (MRI Phe+Glucose), m/z=343.2 (Phe+Glucuronic Acid).
[006048] Figure 21 is a chromatogram of the reaction of Phe+Glucose+Glucuronic Acid (SIM mode). Upper Lane: m/z=166 (Phe), m/z=328 (MRI Phe+Glucose), m/z=343.2 (Phe+Glucuronic Acid).
[006049] Figure 22 is a chromatogram of the reaction of Phe+Glucuronolactone (SIM mode). Upper Lane: m/z=166 (Phe), m/z=328 (MRI Phe+Glucose), m/z=343.2 (Phe+ Glucuronolactone).
[006050] Figure 23 is a chromatogram of the reaction of Phe+Glucose+Glucuronolactone (SIM mode). Upper Lane: m/z=166 (Phe), m/z=328 (MRI Phe+Glucose), m/z=343.2 (Phe+ Glucuronolactone).
[006051] Figure 24 is a chromatogram of unreacted reactants Glucuronic Acid (SIM mode).
Upper Lane Glucuronic Acid, medium lane lower Phe+Glucuronic Acid, lower lane Phe+Glu+Glucuronic Acid.
[006052] Figure 25 is a chromatogram of unreacted reactants Glucuronolactone (SIM mode). Upper Lane Glucuronolactone, medium lane lower Phe+ Glucuronolactone, lower lane Phe+Glu+ Glucuronolactone.
[006053] Combined sensory and analytical investigations (Stevia extract of Example 36)
[006054] Test Conditions
Figure imgf000739_0001
Figure imgf000739_0003
[006055] Under the reaction conditions amino acids and reducing sugar undergo Maillard reaction.
[006056] Results
[006057] Sensory Results
[006058] Sensory evaluation, before reaction
Figure imgf000739_0002
Figure imgf000740_0001
1L. after dilution 1:20 The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006059] Sensory evaluation, after reaction
Figure imgf000740_0002
7S9
Figure imgf000741_0001
1 . after dilution 1:20 The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006060] Analytical Results
[006061] Figure 26 is a chromatogram of Ala+ SG Fraction No.1-1, upper lane MS-TIC, lower lane m/z=319 (selective for SGs). Interpretation: 7.7 min: MRI (Ala+Glu); 15-17 min: Products related to heated sugar; 17-25 min: SGs of SG FRACTION NO. and MRIs (Ala+SG)
[006062] Figure 27 is a chromatogram of Phe+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, upper lane MS-trace, lower lane UV=254 nm). Interpretation: 3-5 min min: Phe and MRI (Phe+Glu); 15-17 min: Products related to heated sugar; 17-25 min: SGs of SG FRACTION NO. and MRIs (Phe+SG).
[006063] Figure 28 is a chromatogram of Lys+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, upper lane MS-trace, lower lane UV=254 nm). Interpretation: 7 min: MRI (Lys+Glu); 15-17 min: Products related to heated sugar; 17-25 min: SGs of SG FRACTION NO. and MRIs (Lys+SG)
[006064] Figure 29 is a chromatogram of Phe+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, m/z=1146 (SIM) indicative for MRI Phe+SG (SG mr=966).
[006065] Figure 30 is chromatogram of Ala+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, m/z=274 (SIM) indicative for MRI Ala+Glu (M+Na+).
[006066] Figure 31 is a chromatogram of Lys+SG FRACTION NO. 1-1, m/z=969 (SIM) indicative for MRI Lys+SG (SG mr=804, [M+H2O+H]). [006067] Figure 32 is a chromatogram of a sugar degradation product and MS spectrum with corresponding m/z values. Upper lane Phe+ SG Fraction No.1-1, medium lane Ala+ SG Fraction No.1-1, lower lane Lys+ SG Fraction No.1-1.
[006068] Elevated Temperature Reactions
[006069] Table 1, Reaction partners and conditions
Figure imgf000742_0001
[006070] Table 1A, Sensory Evaluation before reaction
Figure imgf000742_0002
[006071] The taste test was performed as in Example 11. [006072] Table 3, Sensory Evaluation after reaction
Figure imgf000743_0001
1 . slight salty taste from phosphate buffer The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006073] Table 4, Reaction partners and conditions
Figure imgf000743_0002
[006074] Table 5, Sensory Evaluation after reaction
Figure imgf000743_0003
Figure imgf000744_0001
1 . slight salty taste from phosphate buffer The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006075] Table 6, Reaction partners and conditions
Figure imgf000744_0002
[006076] Table 7, Sensory Evaluation after reaction
Figure imgf000744_0003
1 . slight salty taste from phosphate buffer The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006077] Table 8, Reaction partners and conditions
Figure imgf000745_0002
SG FRACTION NO.-l.... Pool SG FRACTION NO. 1-2 to 1-9; SG FRACTION NO.-2... Pool SG FRACTION NO. 2-1 to 2-3; from Example 36
Varying times of incubation were chosen on basis of development of brown color
[006078] Table 5, Sensory Evaluation after reaction
Figure imgf000745_0001
Figure imgf000746_0001
1 . slight salty taste from phosphate buffer The taste test was performed as in Example 11. [006079] Sensory Analysis
[006080] All samples were assessed at 22 °C after the Maillard reaction was stopped by placing the sealed vials in an ice bath. After 20 minutes in the ice bath the sealed vials were put in a water bath set to 22 °C.
[006081] The odor/smell was assessed independently by 3 persons; the final description was agreed after discussion. The color was assessed by 1 person using sugar color reference solution to compare for no color, slightly yellow, yellow, deep yellow and brown. The taste was assessed independently by 3 persons either in the original samples or after appropriate dilution to achieve relevant concentrations of sugars and steviol-glycosides (i.e. 5-9 % SE); the final description was agreed after discussion.
[006082] Exhausting Maillard reaction for amino donor
[006083] Reaction conditions:
[006084] 1 mM phenylalanine and 10 m M glucose were dissolved in 0.1 M KH2P04-buffer
(pH=7.2) and heated to 120 °C for up to 5 hours.
[006085] Analytical evaluation:
[006086] As seen in Figure 33, the amino acid was totally consumed under the reaction conditions described after 5 hours. The kinetics of the decay is shown in Figure 34.
[006087] Sensory evaluation:
[006088] The reaction mixture was almost odorless with a faint of burnt sugar, color is described as slightly yellow, taste was neutral. [006089] Exhausting Maillard reaction for sugar donor
[006090] Reaction conditions:
[006091] 10 m M phenylalanine and 1 mM glucose were dissolved in 0.1 M KH2P04-buffer
(pH=7.2) and heated to 120 °C for up to 5 hours.
[006092] Analytical evaluation:
[006093] As seen in Figure 35, the carbohydrate was totally consumed under the reaction conditions described after 5 hours. The kinetics of the decay is shown in Figure 36.
[006094] Sensory evaluation:
[006095] The reaction mixture has a strong honey-like odor notes of caramel, color is described as yellow, taste was neutral.
[006096] Sensory Evaluation of MRPs prepared under exhausting conditions
[006097] Reaction conditions
[006098] 1 mM amino acid and 10 M sugar or 1 mM amino acid and 1 mM sugar were dissolved in 0.1 M KFhPC -buffer (pH=7.2) and heated to 120 °C for 5 hours. These conditions were shown to yield exhausting conditions for either the amino- or the sugar-donor in case of phenylalanine and glucose.
[006099] As an amino donor, phenylalanine, alanine and lysine (the 2 latter amino acids are well known to react quicker than phenylalanine) and as a sugar donor glucose and xylose (again the latter is well known to react quicker than glucose).
[006100] Sensory evaluation
[006101] Sensory evaluation was performed by a group of 5 experienced tasters. The test result represents the joint decision of the tasters and is reported if at least 4 tasters confirmed the result.
[006102] In a prior training session, mouth feel was trained with water against 0.05 % xanthan solution in water, an acesulfame/water solution against an equi-sweet sugar solution and a mixed berry juice against an exotic fruit juice (main component mango).
[006103] The rating was fixed to: 1-void taste (water), 2-weak mouth feel, 3-medium mouth feel, 4-strong mouth feel (0.05 % xanthan solution).
Figure imgf000748_0001
[006104] The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006105] In summary, it is considered that mouth feel is more pronounced if the amino- donor is consumed during the reaction when compared to the carbohydrate-source.
[006106] Assay to test Reducing Power
[006107] Reagents:
[006108] 0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer, pH=6.6; 500 mg Potassium ferric(lll)cyanide/50 mL water, 10 % Trichloroacetic acid; 20 mg lron-lll-Chloride/20 mL water; Calibration samples were prepared with Ascorbic acid in a concentration of 0-100 pg/mL 0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer, pH=6.6 (freshly prepared); as negative control sample water was used.
[006109] Samples in aqueous solution were used as such or diluted in 0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer, pH=6.6.
[006110] Test assay:
[006111] A 1 mL sample (or calibration standard) was mixed with 1 mL 0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer, pH=6.6 and 1 mL Potassium ferricyanide solution. The sample was incubated and protected from light at 50°C for 20 min. [006112] To the solution was added 1 mL Trichloroacetic acid with thorough mixing.
[006113] A 1 mL of the mixture was diluted with 1 mL H20 and 0.2 mL I ron-l ll-chloride and reacted for 10 minutes; The absorbance was then determined at 700 nm against H20.
[006114] Assay to test DPPH radical-scavenging activity
[006115] Reagents:
[006116] 1 mg l,l-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH)/ml ethanol, dilution to assay concentration were prepared in ethanol (40 pg/mL); Calibration samples were prepared with Ascorbic acid in a concentration of 0-10 pg/mL; as a negative control sample, water was used.
[006117] Samples in aqueous solution were used as such or diluted with water.
[006118] Test assay:
[006119] A 0.1 ml sample (or calibration standard) was mixed with 3.9 ml solution of
DPPH° (100 pMolar) and reacted while protected from light at room temperature for 30 min. Absorbance was determined at 517 nm against ethanol.
[006120] Test samples
[006121] 10 mM of amino acid and/or 10 mM sugar were dissolved in 10 ml 0.1 mM
KH2P04-buffer, pH=7.8.
[006122] The samples were kept at 100 °C in sealed glass vials (Pyrex 15 ml with screw caps) for 0 (before reaction), 2.5 or 5.0 hours. Thereafter the samples were transferred to an ice water bath and cooled down to room temperature. These samples were diluted 1:10 and used for the test assay for anti-oxidant potential.
[006123] The following sample combinations were prepared:
Amino Acid Sugar Sample Annotations
Reb-A Reb Oh, Reb-A 2.5h, Reb-A 5.0h
Arginine Reb-A ArgReb Oh, ArgReb 2.5h, ArgReb 5. Oh
Phenylalanine Reb-A PheReb Oh, PheReb 2.5h, PheReb 5. Oh
Alanine Reb-A AlaReb Oh, AlaReb 2.5h, AlaReb 5.0h
Glutaminic Acid Reb-A GltReb Oh, GltReb 2.5h, GltReb 5.0h
[006124] Figure 49 shows active iron-ill reduction of combinations of amino acids and
Reb-A. [006125] Figure 50 shows radical scavenging properties of combinations of amino acids and Reb-A.
[006126] Reb-A showed substantial anti-oxidant properties, although the effect was less pronounced than observed for glucose or xylose under the same conditions.
[006127] Example 48
[006128] The relationship between the taste profile of flora taste stevia and the ratio of
Xylose to phenylalanine
[006129] Stevia extract material:
[006130] Stevia extract: the product of Example 36, final powder.
[006131] Common process:
[006132] Blend xylose and phenylalanine designated as X&P mixture. The stevia extract material was dissolved together with the X&P mixture in deionized water to make the solids content to 67%. A pH regulator was not added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried by spray dryer to provide an off white powder MRP.
[006133] Experiments
[006134] Several MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resulting data were the average of the panel. The reaction parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. That is to say in those evaluations the concentrations of stevia extract in all sample solutions are the same, 250ppm.
Figure imgf000750_0001
Figure imgf000751_0001
Figure imgf000751_0002
[006135] The taste test was performed as in Example 11.
[006136] Figure 51 shows the relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine in the above example.
[006137] Figure 52 shows the relationship between the Overall likeability score to the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine in example above.
[006138] As can be seen from the overall likeability data, with the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine ranging from 5/1 to 1/5, the products provided good taste (score > 2.5), especially when the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine ranges from 3/1 to 1/1, the products provided excellent taste (score >3).
[006139] Example 49 preparation of Flora MRP [006140] 80g RA20/TSG(9)95 (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with 6.7g phenylalanine and 13. Bg xylose in 50ml deionized water. The mixture was stirred and heated at about 95-100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the solution was spray dried to provide about 95g of an off white powder, named Flora MRP.
[006141] Example 50 preparation of Caramel MRP
[006142] 60g RA20/TSG(9)95 (available from Sweet Green Fields) was dissolved together with lOg alanine and 30g xylose in 50ml deionized water. The mixture was stirred and heated t about 95-100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the solution was spray dried to provide about 95g of an off white powder, named Caramel MRP.
[006143] Example 51 Effect of Flora MRP on taste modification of black coffee
[006144] Materials :
[006145] Sugar
[006146] Flora MRP, the product of Example 49
[006147] RA60/SG(9)95, available from Sweet Green Fields
[006148] Coffee beans: Brazilian flavor coffee beans (Mings coffee selection series, available from SHANGHAI Mings Foods Group CO, .LTD)
[006149] Coffee maker :
[006150] Delonghi Magnifica S ECAM 21.117.SB
[006151] Sample preparation
[006152] Coffee beans and coffee maker were used to make three cups of black coffee, 180ml for each.
[006153] To the coffee was added 9g sugar, 60mg Flora MRP or 45mg RA60/SG(9)95, respectively.
[006154] Sensory evaluation [006155] A panel of six persons tasted the coffee samples and gave scores to the following aspects. The average score of each aspect was shown in the table below and Figure 53. Method: For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of six people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of aroma, bitter, acid, sweet lingering, bitter lingering and acid lingering. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 5 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of aroma is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight. Similarly, a "5" for bitter, acid, sweet lingering, bitter lingering or acid lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitter, acid, sweet lingering, bitter lingering or acid lingering is reduced or is removed.
Figure imgf000753_0001
[006156] As can be seen, the taste profile of coffee sweetened by Flora MRP is much better than that of coffee sweetened by traditional stevia extract product (such as RA60/SG95) by significantly cutting lingering and decreasing the bitter. Also, coffee sweetened by Flora MRP shows a more obvious effect of masking the bitter and acid aftertaste than sugar. [006157] Example 52 effect of Flora MRP and/or thaumatin on the taste modification of energy drink
[006158] Materials :
[006159] Flora MRP, the product of Example 49
[006160] Thaumatin, 1000 ppm concentrate, available from EPC Natural products CO., Ltd.
[006161] Energy drink:
[006162] Red Bull sugar free, sweetened with sucralose and ACE-K, produced by Red Bull Gmbh
[006163] Monster energy, sweetened by sugar, glucose and sucralose, produced by Monster Energy Company.
[006164] Sample preparation
[006165] Add a defined amount of Flora MRP powder or thaumatin concentrate to the energy drink. The sample details are as follow.
Figure imgf000754_0001
[006166] Sensory evaluation
[006167] A panel of six persons tasted the samples and gave scores to the following aspects. The average score of each aspect was shown in the table below and Figures 54 and 55.
Figure imgf000755_0001
[006168] As can be seen, the taste profile of the energy drink can be improved by thaumatin or Flora MRP. The mouth feel of the bases is flat, especially for the Red Bull Sugar free which is sweetened only by artificial sweeteners. When adding thaumatin, the mouth feel becomes very full. When Flora MRP and thaumatin are used together, the full body mouth feel continues to increase as well as the sweet lingering and acid lingering can be masked. The acid and sweet taste in the drinks are more harmonious. Method: For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of six people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of aroma, bitter, acid, sweet lingering, bitter lingering and acid lingering. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 5 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of aroma is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight. Similarly, a "5" for bitter, acid, sweet lingering, bitter lingering or acid lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitter, acid, sweet lingering, bitter lingering or acid lingering is reduced or is removed.
[006169] Example 53 effect of Flora MRP, Caramel MRP and/or thaumatin on the taste modification of coffee drink [006170] Materials :
[006171] Flora MRP, the product of Example 49
[006172] Caramel MRP, the product of Example 50
[006173] Thaumatin, 1000 ppm concentrate, available from EPC Natural products CO., Ltd.
[006174] Coffee drink:
[006175] Starbucks Frappuccino, Vanilla, available from Starbucks.
[006176] Starbucks Frappuccino, Caramel, available from Starbucks.
[006177] Sample preparation
[006178] Add a designated amount of Flora MRP powder, Caramel MRP powder or thaumatin concentrate to the coffee drink. The sample details are as follow.
Figure imgf000756_0001
[006179] Sensory evaluation [006180] A panel of six persons tasted the samples and gave scores to the following aspects. The average score of each aspect was shown in the table below and Figures 56-57. For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of six people. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile and score values between 0-5 according to the increasing intensity of aroma, bitter, milky, full body, and sweet lingering. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 5 tasters tasted the samples and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for intensity of aroma, milky or full body is the best score for having a strong pleasant smell, strong milky or rich mouth feel and conversely a value of 0 or near zero means the smell is very slight, less milky or the mouth feel is watery. Similarly, a "5" for bitter, or sweet lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitter, or sweet lingering is reduced or is removed.
Figure imgf000757_0001
[006181] As can be seen, the taste profile of Starbucks coffee drinks can be improved by thaumatin or MRP. When adding thaumatin, the mouth feel becomes very full and the milky taste and coffee aroma can be increased. When MRP and thaumatin are used together, the full body mouth feel continues to increase as well as the bitter taste and sweet lingering can be masked. [006182] Example 54 effect of Caramel MRP and/or thaumatin on the taste modification of sugar free carbonated drink
[006183] Materials :
[006184] Caramel MRP, the product of Example 50
[006185] Thaumatin, 1000 ppm concentrate, available from EPC Natural products CO., Ltd.
[006186] Carbonated drink:
[006187] Coke Zero, sweetened by sucralose, aspartame and ACE-K, available from Coca-
Cola.
[006188] Coke, sweetened by sugar and high fructose syrup, available from Coca-Cola.
[006189] Sample preparation
[006190] Add a designated amount of Caramel MRP powder or thaumatin concentrate to the energy drink. The sample details are as follow.
Figure imgf000758_0001
[006191] Sensory evaluation
[006192] A panel of 12 persons tasted the samples, ranked them by preference and gave reasons. The sample ranked "1" indicated that it was the most preferred. The statistical analysis results are shown in the table below.
Figure imgf000758_0002
Figure imgf000759_0001
[006193] Based on the panel's preferences, it can be concluded that the taste of Coke Zero is not as good and has a very different to that of the taste of common Coke. When adding certain amounts of thaumatin and Caramel MRP to the Coke Zero, its taste was improved and was very similar to that of common Coke.
[006194] Example 55. MRPs derived from two kinds of amino acid and glucose and the evaluation of their scent
Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of two kinds of amino acid and glucose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow
Glucose: 3.33g
Amino acid #1 (listed in the vertical column of table): 0.83g;
Amino acid #2 (listed in the horizontal row of table): 0.83g
Amino acid#l(listed in the vertical column of table): amino acid#2(listed in the vertical column of table) : glucose=l:l:4
Pure water: 2.5g;
Temperature: 100°C;
Reaction time: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, two kinds of amino acid and glucose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction condition are as follow.
Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method the same as Example 36. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%; Glucose: lg
Amino acid #1 (listed in the vertical column of table): 0.25g;
Amino acid #2 (listed in the horizontal row of table): 0.25g
Stevia extract : amino acid #1 (listed in the vertical column of table): amino acid #2 (listed in the horizontal row of table) : glucose=70:5:5:20
Pure water: 2.5g;
Temperature: 100°C;
Reaction time: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006195] Table 55-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of glucose and two kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000761_0001
Figure imgf000761_0002
Table 55-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract glucose and two kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000762_0001
[006196] Conclusion :
[006197] All MRPs produced by the reaction including glucose and two kinds of amino acid can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or sweeteners. Some of them have some aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc. as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with glutamic acid and/or histidine and glucose, some stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of 6 people. Each panel member smelled the reaction mixture solution, discussed amongst themselves and then agreed how to best describe a suitable description for the smell. This test procedure was used for Examples 56 through 71 which follow.
[006198] Example 56. MRPs derived from two kinds of amino acid and lactose and the evaluation of their scent
Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of two kinds of amino acid and lactose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
Lactose: B.BBg
Amino acid #1 (listed in the vertical column of table): 0.83g;
Amino acid #2 (listed in the horizontal row of table): 0.83g
Amino acid#l: amino acid #2 : lactose =1:1:4
Pure water: 2.5g;
Temperature: 100°C;
Reaction time: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, two kinds of amino acid and lactose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
Stevia extract : 3.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36 final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
Lactose: lg
Amino acid #1 (listed in the vertical column of table): 0.25g;
Amino acid #2 (listed in the horizontal row of table): 0.25g
Stevia extract : amino acid #1: amino acid #2 : lactose =70:5:5:20 Pure water: 2.5g;
Temperature: 100°C;
Reaction time: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006199] Table 56-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of lactose and two kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000765_0001
Table 56-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, lactose and two kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000766_0001
[006200] Conclusion :
[006201] All MRPs produced by the reaction of lactose (disaccharide) and two amino acids can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with glutamic acid, and or histidine and lactose, some stevia-MRPs have a citrus or a fruity aroma. When the amino acid is arginine, some stevia-MRPs have a creamy aroma.
[006202] Example 57. MRPs derived from two kinds of amino acid and mannose and the evaluation of their scent
[006203] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of two kinds of amino acid and mannose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006204] Mannose: 3.33g
[006205] Amino acid #1 (listed in the vertical column of table):0.83g;
[006206] Amino acid #2 (listed in the horizontal row of table):0.83g
[006207] Amino acid#l: amino acid #2 : mannose = 1:1:4
[006208] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006209] Temperature: 100°C;
[006210] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006211] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006212] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, two kinds of amino acid and mannose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006213] Stevia extract : 3.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method the same as Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006214] Mannose: lg
[006215] Amino acid #1 (listed in the vertical column of table):0.25g;
[006216] Amino acid #2 (listed in the horizontal row of table):0.25g
[006217] Stevia extract : amino acid #1: amino acid #2 : mannose = 70:5:5:20 [006218] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006219] Temperature: 100°C;
[006220] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006221] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006222] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006223] Table 57-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of mannose and two kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000769_0001
[006224] Table 57-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, mannose and two kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000770_0001
[006225] Conclusion :
[006226] All MRPs produced by the reaction including mannose and two amino acids can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners, Some of them have aroma, can be further used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with glutamic acid, and or histidine and mannose, most of the stevia-MRPs have a citrus or fruity aroma. When the amino acid is proline, some of stevia-MRPs have a popcorn aroma.
[006227] Example 58 MRPs derived from two kinds of amino acid and two kinds of reducing sugar and the evaluation of their scent
[006228] Material:
[006229] Reducing sugar:
[006230] Monosaccharide: mannose, rhamnose ;
[006231] Disaccharide: Lactose ;
[006232] Trisaccharide: raffinose ;
[006233] Amino acid: alanine (aliphatic) , phenylalanine (aromatic) , glutamic acid ( acidic) , proline (imine) , lysine ( alkaline) , cysteine ( sulfur-containing)
[006234] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of two kinds of amino acid and two kinds of reducing sugar in this example. The reaction conditions are as follows.
[006235] The weight of amino acid and reducing sugar in every experiment is shown in Table 58-1.
[006236] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006237] Temperature: 100°C;
[006238] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006239] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006240] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, two kinds of amino acid and two kinds of reducing sugar in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction condition are as follow. [006241] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006242] The weight of amino acid and reducing sugar in every experiment is shown in Table 58-2.
[006243] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006244] Temperature: 100°C;
[006245] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006246] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006247] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006248] Table 58-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of two kinds of amino acid and two kinds of reducing sugar
Figure imgf000773_0001
Figure imgf000774_0001
Figure imgf000775_0001
Figure imgf000776_0001
Table 58-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, two kinds of amino acid and two kinds of reducing sugar
Figure imgf000776_0002
Figure imgf000777_0001
Figure imgf000778_0001
Figure imgf000779_0001
[006249] Conclusion :
[006250] All MRPs produced by the reaction including two reducing sugars and two amino acids can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used a as flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with two reducing sugars, and amino acids containing glutamic acid, some of stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When the amino acid is arginine, some of stevia-MRPs have a creamy aroma. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger when compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006251] Examples 59-62 MRPs derived from three kinds of amino acid and one kind of reducing sugar and the evaluation of their scent
[006252] Material:
[006253] Reducing sugar:
Monosaccharide: mannose, rhamnose ;
Disaccharide: Lactose ;
trisaccharide: raffinose ;
[006254] Amino acid: alanine (aliphatic) , phenylalanine (aromatic), glutamic acid ( acidic) , proline ( imine) , lysine (alkaline) , cysteine (sulfur-containing)
[006255]
[006256] Example 59 MRPs derived from three kinds of amino acid and rhamnose and the evaluation of their scent
[006257] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of three kinds of amino acid and rhamnose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006258] The weight of amino acid and rhamnose in every experiment is shown in Table 59-1.
[006259] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006260] Temperature: 100°C;
[006261] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006262] pH regulation: no pH regulator added. [006263] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, three kinds of amino acid and rhamnose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions were as follow.
[006264] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006265] The weight of amino acid and rhamnose in every experiment is shown in Table 59-2.
[006266] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006267] Temperature: 100°C;
[006268] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006269] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006270] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006271] Table 59-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of rhamnose and three kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000782_0001
[006272] Table 59-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, rhamnose and three kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000783_0001
Figure imgf000784_0001
[006273] Conclusion :
[006274] All MRPs produced by the reaction of three kinds of amino acids with rhamnose can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel and modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as mentioned above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with rhamnose and three amino acids containing glutamic acid, some of stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When the amino acid is proline, some of stevia-MRPs have a popcorn aroma. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger as compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006275] Example 60. MRPs derived from three kinds of amino acid and mannose and the evaluation of their scent
[006276] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of three kinds of amino acid and mannose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006277] The weight of amino acid and mannose in every experiment is as shown in Table 60-1.
[006278] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006279] Temperature: 100°C;
[006280] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006281] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006282] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, three kinds of amino acid and mannose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006283] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG ( according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006284] The weight of amino acid and mannose in every experiment is shown in Table 60-2.
[006285] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006286] Temperature: 100°C; [006287] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006288] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006289] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006290] Table 60-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of mannose and three kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000787_0001
Table 60-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, mannose and three kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000787_0002
Figure imgf000788_0001
[006291] Conclusion :
[006292] All MRPs produced by the reaction of three kinds of amino acid with mannose can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with mannose and three kinds of amino acid containing glutamic acid, some of stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When the amino acids contain L-Lysine, some of stevia-MRPs have a nutty aroma such as a sunflower seed. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger as compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006293] Example 61 MRPs derived from three kinds of amino acid and lactose and the evaluation of their scent
[006294] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of three kinds of amino acid and lactose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006295] The weight of amino acid and lactose in every experiment is shown in Table 61-1.
[006296] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006297] Temperature: 100°C;
[006298] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006299] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006300] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, three kinds of amino acid and lactose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006301] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006302] The weight of amino acid and lactose in every experiment is shown in Table 61-2.
[006303] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006304] Temperature: 100°C;
[006305] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006306] pH regulation: no pH regulator added. [006307] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006308] Table 61-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of lactose and three kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000791_0001
Table 61-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, lactose and three kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000791_0002
Figure imgf000792_0001
[006309] Conclusion :
[006310] All MRPs produced by the reaction with three kinds of amino acid with lactose (disaccharide) can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides compound reacts with lactose and three kinds of amino acids containing glutamic acid, some of stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When the amino acids contain L-Lysine, some of stevia-MRPs have a nutty aroma such as a sunflower seed. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger when compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006311] Example 62 MRPs derived from three kinds of amino acid and raffinose and the evaluation of their scent
[006312] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of three kinds of amino acid and raffinose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006313] The weight of amino acid and raffinose in every experiment is shown in Table 62- 1.
[006314] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006315] Temperature: 100°C;
[006316] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006317] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006318] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, three kinds of amino acid and raffinose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006319] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006320] The weight of amino acid and raffinose in every experiment is shown in Table 62- 2.
[006321] Pure water: 2.5g; [006322] Temperature: 100°C;
[006323] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006324] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006325] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006326] Table 62-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of raffinose and three kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000795_0002
[006327] Table 62-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, raffinose and three kinds of amino acid
Aroma
Figure imgf000795_0003
Figure imgf000795_0001
Figure imgf000796_0001
[006328] Conclusion :
[006329] All MRPs produced by the reaction of three kinds of amino acids and raffinose (trisaccharide) can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners; some of them have aroma, some could be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with raffinose and three kinds of amino acids containing glutamic acid, some of stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When the amino acids contain L-lysine, some of stevia- MRPs have a nutty aroma such as a sunflower seed. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger as compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006330] Example 63-66 MRPs derived from four kinds of amino acid and one kind of reducing sugar and the evaluation of their scent
[006331] Material:
[006332] Reducing sugar:
[006333] Monosaccharide: mannose, rhamnose ;
[006334] Disaccharide: Lactose ;
[006335] Trisaccharide: raffinose ;
[006336] Amino acid: alanine(aliphatic), phenylalanine (aromatic), glutamic acid (acidic
) , proline (imine) , lysine (alkaline) , cysteine (sulfur-containing)
[006337]
[006338] Example 63 MRPs derived from four kinds of amino acid and rhamnose and the evaluation of their scent
[006339] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of four kinds of amino acid and rhamnose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006340]
[006341] The weight of amino acid and rhamnose in every experiment is as shown in Table
63-1.
[006342] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006343] Temperature: 100°C; [006344] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006345] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006346] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, four kinds of amino acid and rhamnose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006347] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006348] The weight of amino acid and rhamnose in every experiment is shown in Table 63-2.
[006349] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006350] Temperature: 100°C;
[006351] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006352] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006353] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006354] Table 63-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of rhamnose and four kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000799_0001
Figure imgf000799_0002
Figure imgf000800_0001
[006356] Conclusion :
[006357] All MRPs produced by the reaction of four kinds of amino acid and rhamnose can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc. as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with rhamnose and four kinds of amino acids comprising glutamic acid, some of stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When the amino acids comprise proline, some of stevia-MRPs have a Popcorn aroma. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger as compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006358] Example 64 MRPs derived from four kinds of amino acid and mannose and the evaluation of their scent
[006359] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of four kinds of amino acid and mannose in this example. The reaction condition are as follow.
[006360] The weight of amino acid and mannose in every experiment is as shown in Table 64-1.
[006361] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006362] Temperature: 100°C;
[006363] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006364] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006365] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, four kinds of amino acid and mannose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction condition is as follow.
[006366] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method the same as Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006367] The weight of amino acid and mannose in every experiment is shown in Table 64-2.
[006368] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006369] Temperature: 100°C; [006370] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006371] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006372] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006373] Table 64-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of mannose and four kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000803_0001
[006374] Table 64-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, mannose and four kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000803_0002
Figure imgf000804_0001
[006375] Conclusion :
[006376] All MRPs produced by the reaction of four kinds of amino acid and mannose can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners; some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with mannose and four kinds of amino acids comprising glutamic acid, some of stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When the amino acids comprise proline, some of stevia-MRPs have a Popcorn aroma. When the amino acids comprise L-Lysine, some of MRPs have a strong nutty aroma such as a sunflower seed. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger as compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006377] Example 65 MRPs derived from four kinds of amino acid and lactose and the evaluation of their scent
[006378] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of four kinds of amino acid and lactose in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006379] The weight of amino acid and lactose in every experiment is shown in Table 65-1.
[006380] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006381] Temperature: 100°C;
[006382] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006383] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006384] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, four kinds of amino acid and lactose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006385] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG ( according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006386] The weight of amino acid and lactose in every experiment is shown in Table 65-2.
[006387] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006388] Temperature: 100°C;
[006389] Reaction time: 2 hours; [006390] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006391] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006392] Table 65-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of lactose and four kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000807_0001
[006393] Table 65-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, lactose and four kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000807_0002
Figure imgf000808_0001
[006394] Conclusion :
[006395] All MRPs produced by the reaction of four kinds of amino acid and lactose can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with lactose and four kinds of amino acids comprising glutamic acid, some of the stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When the amino acid is proline, some of the stevia-MRPs have a Popcorn aroma. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger as compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006396] Example 66. MRPs derived from four kinds of amino acid and raffinose and the evaluation of their scent
[006397] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of four kinds of amino acid and raffinose in this example. The reaction condition are as follow.
[006398] The weight of amino acid and raffinose in every experiment is as shown in Table 66 1
[006399] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006400] Temperature: 100°C;
[006401] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006402] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006403] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, four kinds of amino acid and raffinose in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction condition are as follow.
[006404] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG ( according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006405] The weight of amino acid and raffinose in every experiment is shown in Table 66- 2.
[006406] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006407] Temperature: 100°C; [006408] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006409] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006410] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006411] Table 66-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of raffinose and four kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000811_0001
[006412] Table 66-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, raffinose and four kinds of amino acid
Figure imgf000811_0002
Figure imgf000812_0001
[006413] Conclusion :
[006414] All MRPs produced by the reaction including four kinds of amino acid and raffinose can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with raffinose and four kinds of amino acids comprising glutamic acid, some of stevia- MRPs can have a citrus aroma. When the amino acids comprise L-Lysine, some of MRPs have a strong nutty aroma such as a sunflower seed. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006415] Examples 67-68 MRPs derived from four kinds of reducing sugar and one kind of amino acid and the evaluation of their scent
[006416] Material:
[006417] Reducing sugar:
[006418] Monosaccharide: glucose , mannose, rhamnose, and xylose ;
[006419] Disaccharide: Lactose ;
[006420] Trisaccharide: raffinose ;
[006421] Amino acid: glutamic acid (acidic) , lysine (alkaline)
[006422] Example 67 MRPs derived from four kinds of reducing sugar and glutamic acid and the evaluation of their scent
[006423] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of four kinds of reducing sugar and glutamic acid in this example. The reaction condition are as follow.
[006424]
[006425] The weight of reducing sugar and glutamic acid in every experiment is shown in Table 67-1.
[006426] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006427] Temperature: 100°C;
[006428] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006429] pH regulation: no pH regulator added. [006430] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, four kinds of reducing sugar and glutamic acid in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction condition are as follow.
[006431] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006432] The weight of reducing sugar and glutamic acid in every experiment is shown in Table 67-2.
Pure water: 2.5g;
Temperature: 100°C;
Reaction time: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006433] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006434] Table 67-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of glutamic acid and four kinds of reducing sugar
Figure imgf000815_0001
[006435] Table 67-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, glutamic acid and four kinds of reducing sugar
Figure imgf000815_0002
Figure imgf000816_0001
[006436] Conclusion :
[006437] All MRPs produced by the reaction including four reducing sugars and glutamic acid can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, can be used as a flavor, some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. Interestingly, most of the MRPs with four kinds of reducing sugars and glutamic acid have an almond aroma. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with four reducing sugars and glutamic acid, most of the stevia-MRPs have a citrus aroma. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006438] Example 68 MRPs derived from four kinds of reducing sugar and lysine and the evaluation of their scent
[006439] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of four kinds of reducing sugar and lysine in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006440] The weight of reducing sugar and lysine in every experiment is shown in Table 68 1
Pure water: 2.5g;
Temperature: 100°C;
Reaction time: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006441] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, four kinds of reducing sugar and lysine in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006442] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006443] The weight of reducing sugar and lysine in every experiment is shown in Table 68 2
[006444] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006445] Temperature: 100°C; [006446] Reaction time: 2 hours;
pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006447] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006448] Table 68-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of lysine and four kinds of reducing sugar
Figure imgf000819_0001
[006449] Table 68-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, lysine and four kinds of reducing sugar
Figure imgf000819_0002
Figure imgf000820_0001
[006450] Conclusion :
[006451] All MRPs produced by the reaction including four reducing sugars and Lysine have a nice aroma, and can act as a flavor, a flavor enhancer, a mouth feel modifier or a sweeteners. MRPs without stevia can have a nice sunflower seed or nutty aroma. Stevia-MRPs can have either a fruity or a sunflower seed aroma. When a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with rhamnose and four reducing sugars and L-Lysine, some of stevia-MRPs have a nice fruity aroma. When the reducing sugars are mannose and or xylose, the aroma strength of the MRPs are stronger compared to MRPs without these reducing sugars. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia-MRPs are much stronger compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006452] Example 69 MRPs derived from amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives and the evaluation of their scent
[006453] Fatty acid or its derivatives in this invention refer to aliphatic acid or aliphatic esters of aliphatic acid which can be used as sugar donor in Maillard reaction. The materials used in the following examples comprise cinnamic acid, glyceryl stearate and lactic acid.
[006454] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006455] The type and weight of amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives in every experiment is shown in Table 69-1.
[006456] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006457] Temperature: 100°C;
[006458] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006459] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006460] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006461] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%; [006462] The weight of amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives in every experiment is shown in Table 69-2.
[006463] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006464] Temperature: 100°C;
[006465] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006466] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006467] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006468] Table 69-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives
Figure imgf000823_0001
[006469] Table 69-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction product of stevia extract, amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives
Figure imgf000823_0002
[006470] Conclusion :
[006471] All MRPs produced by the reaction including an amino acid and a fatty acid or its derivatives can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, can be used as a flavor, some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. Interestingly, when a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with an amino acid and cinnanmic acid, most of stevia-MRPs have a nice floral aroma. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of the stevia-MRPs are much stronger compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006472] Examples 70 and 71 MRPs derived from amino acid, reducing sugar and fatty acid or its derivatives and the evaluation of their scent
[006473] Material:
[006474] Reducing sugar: glucose and rhamnose ;
[006475] Amino acid: alanine(aliphatic), phenylalanine (aromatic), glutamic acid (acidic), proline (imine), lysine(alkaline), cysteine(sulfur-containing);
[006476] Fatty acid or its derivatives: aliphatic acid or aliphatic esters of aliphatic acid which can be used as sugar donor in Maillard reaction. The materials used in the following example comprise cinnamic acid, glyceryl stearate and lactic acid.
[006477] Example 70 MRPs derived from amino acid, glucose and fatty acid or its derivatives and the evaluation of their scent
[006478] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of amino acid, glucose and fatty acid or its derivatives in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006479] The type and weight of amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives in every experiment is shown in Table 70-1.
[006480] Glucose : lg
[006481] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006482] Temperature: 100°C;
[006483] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006484] pH regulation: no pH regulator added. [006485] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, amino acid, glucose and fatty acid or its derivatives in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006486] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method the same as Example 36. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG ( according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006487] The weight of amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives in every experiment can be as shown in Table 70-2.
[006488] Glucose : lg
[006489] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006490] Temperature: 100°C;
[006491] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006492] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006493] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006494] Table 70-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of amino acid, glucose and fatty acid or its derivatives
Figure imgf000826_0001
[006495] Table 70-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction product of stevia extract, amino acid, glucose and fatty acid or its derivatives
Figure imgf000826_0002
[006496] Conclusion :
[006497] All MRPs produced by the reaction of amino acid, glucose and fatty acid or its derivatives can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some could be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. Interestingly, when a stevia extract containing non- stevia glycosides reacts with an amino acid and a fat-like substance, most of stevia-MRPs have a nice fruity or floral aroma. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia- MRPs are much stronger as compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006498] Example 71 MRPs derived from amino acid, rhamnose and fatty acid or its derivatives and the evaluation of their scent
[006499] Several MRPs are produced by the reaction of amino acid, rhamnose and fatty acid or its derivatives in this example. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006500] The type and weight of amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives in every experiment is shown in Table 71-1.
[006501] Rhamnose : lg
[006502] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006503] Temperature: 100°C;
[006504] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006505] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006506] In addition, several products are produced by the reaction of stevia extract, amino acid, rhamnose and fatty acid or its derivatives in this example, named S-MRP. The reaction conditions are as follow.
[006507] Stevia extract : 2.5g, available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG (according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%;
[006508] The weight of amino acid and fatty acid or its derivatives in every experiment is shown in Table 71-2.
[006509] Rhamnose : lg [006510] Pure water: 2.5g;
[006511] Temperature: 100°C;
[006512] Reaction time: 2 hours;
[006513] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[006514] After the reaction was complete, the scent of the reaction mixture was evaluated by a panel of six persons. The results are as follow.
[006515] Table 71-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of amino acid, rhamnose and fatty acid or its derivatives
Figure imgf000829_0001
[006516] Table 71-2 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture of stevia extract, amino acid, rhamnose and fatty acid or its derivatives
Figure imgf000829_0002
[006517] Conclusion :
[006518] All MRPs produced by the reaction of an amino acid and a fatty acid or its derivatives can act as flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers or as sweeteners. Some of them have aroma, some can be used as a flavor, and some of them are odorless and can be used as a flavor enhancer etc., as noted above. Interestingly, when a stevia extract containing non-stevia glycosides reacts with an amino acid and fat-like substances, most of stevia-MRPs have nice a fruity or floral aroma. When stevia is involved in the reaction, all aroma strengths of stevia- MRPs are much stronger as compared to corresponding MRPs without stevia.
[006519] Examples 72-77 MRPs produced by the reaction of sucralose with different types of amino acid and reducing sugar and their taste evaluation
[006520] Material:
[006521] Sucralose: available from Anhui JinHe Industrial CO., Ltd, China, lot # 201804023
[006522] Example 72 the relationship between the taste profile of flora taste sucralose and the ratio of xylose to phenylalanine in the reaction mixture
[006523] Common process:
[006524] Sucralose, xylose and phenylalanine were blended according to the weight shown in Table 72-1. The mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was (about 5). The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried, to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[006525] Table 72-1 the weight of sucralose, xylose and phenylalanine in Example 72
Figure imgf000831_0001
[006526] Experiments
[006527] Several sucralose-MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resulting data was the average of the panel. The reaction parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. That's to say, in those evaluations the concentrations of sucralose in all sample solutions were the same, lOOppm. The results are shown in Table 72-2.
[006528] Table 72-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000833_0001
[006529] Data analysis
[006530] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of phenylalanine to xylose in this example is as shown in Figure 58.
[006531] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of phenylalanine to xylose in this example is as shown in Figure 59.
[006532] Conclusion:
[006533] The result showed that MRPs (sucralose-MRPs) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of phenylalanine to xylose from 10/90 to 90/10 has good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges from 30/70 to 80/20, the products provide superior taste (overall likeability score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006534] Example 73 the relationship between the taste profile of flora taste sucralose and the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and phenylalanine (2:1) in the reaction mixture
[006535] Common process:
[006536] Sucralose, xylose and phenylalanine are blended according to the weight shown in Table 73-1. The mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[006537] Table 73-1 the weight of sucralose, xylose and phenylalanine in Example 73
Figure imgf000835_0001
[006538] Experiments
[006539] Several sucralose-MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resulting data was the average of the panel. The reaction parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. That's to say in those evaluations the concentrations of sucralose in all sample solutions were the same, lOOppm. The results are shown in Table 73-2
[006540] Table 73-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000837_0001
[006541] Data analysis
[006542] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and phenylalanine in this example is as shown in Figure 60.
[006543] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and phenylalanine in this example is as shown in Figure 61.
[006544] Conclusion:
[006545] The results showed that MRPs (sucralose-MRPs) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and phenylalanine from 10/90 to 80/20 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 20/80 to 70/30, the products provided superior taste (overall likeability score > 3.5). This conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006546] Example 74 the relationship between the taste profile of popcorn taste sucralose and the ratio of rhamnose to proline in the reaction mixture
[006547] Common process:
[006548] Sucralose, rhamnose and proline were blended according to the weight shown in Table 73-1. The mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No need to add any pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[006549] Table 74-1 the weight of sucralose, rhamnose and proline in Example 74
Figure imgf000838_0001
Figure imgf000839_0001
[006550] Experiments
[006551] Several sucralose-MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resulting data was the average of the panel. The reaction parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. That's to say in those evaluations the concentrations of sucralose in all sample solutions were the same, lOOppm. The results are shown in Table 74-2
[006552] Table 74-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000840_0001
[006553] Data analysis
[006554] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of proline to rhamnose in this example is as shown in Figure 62.
[006555] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of proline to rhamnose in this example is as shown in Figure 63.
[006556] Conclusion:
[006557] The result showed that MRPs (sucralose-MRPs) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of proline to rhamnose from 10/90 to 90/10 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 20/80 to 60/40, the products provided superior taste (overall likeability score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006558] Example 75 the relationship between the taste profile of popcorn taste sucralose and the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of proline and rhamnose (1:2) in the reaction mixture
[006559] Common process:
[006560] Sucralose, proline and rhamnose were blended according to the weight shown in Table 75-1. The mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[006561] Table 75-1 the weight of sucralose, proline and rhamnose in Example 75
Figure imgf000842_0001
[006562] Experiments
[006563] Several sucralose-MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resulting data was an average of the panel. The reaction parameters and the taste profile of the products were as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. That's to say in those evaluations the concentrations of sucralose in all sample solutions were the same, lOOppm. The results are shown in Table 75-
2
[006564] Table 75-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000844_0001
[006565] Data analysis
[006566] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of proline and rhamnose in this example is as shown in Figure 64.
[006567] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of proline and rhamnose in this example is as shown in Figure 65.
[006568] Conclusion:
[006569] The results showed that MRPs (sucralose-MRPs) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of sucralose to the mixture of proline and rhamnose from 10/90 to 60/40 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 20/80 to 50/50, the products provided superior taste (overall likeability score > 3.5). This conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006570] Example 76 the relationship between the taste profile of caramel taste sucralose and the ratio of xylose to alanine in the reaction mixture
[006571] Common process:
[006572] Sucralose, xylose and alanine were blended according to the weight shown in Table 76-1. The mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[006573] Table 76-1 the weight of sucralose, xylose and alanine in Example 76
Figure imgf000845_0001
Figure imgf000846_0001
[006574] Experiments
[006575] Several sucralose-MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resulting data was an average of the panel. The reaction parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. That's to say in those evaluations the concentrations of sucralose in all sample solutions were the same, lOOppm. The results are shown in Table 76-
2
[006576] Table 76-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000847_0001
[006577] Data analysis
[006578] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of alanine to xylose in this example is as shown in Figure 66.
[006579] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of alanine to xylose in this example is as shown in Figure 67.
[006580] Conclusion:
[006581] The results show that MRPs (sucralose-MRPs) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of alanine to xylose from 20/80 to 50/50 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges from 30/70 to 40/60, the products provided superior taste (overall likeability score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006582] Example 77 the relationship between the taste profile of caramel taste sucralose and the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of xylose and alanine (2:1) in the reaction mixture
[006583] Common process:
[006584] Sucralose, alanine and xylose were blended according to the weight shown in
Table 76-1. The mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the slurry was dried to obtain an off white powder MRP.
[006585] Table 77-1 the weight of sucralose, alanine and xylose in Example 77
Figure imgf000849_0001
[006586] Experiments
[006587] Several sucralose-MRPs in this Example were prepared. Each sample was evaluated according to above sensory evaluation method and the resulting data was an average of the panel. The reaction parameters and the taste profile of the products are as follow. Note that according to the sensory evaluation method, the mouth feel and sweet profile were evaluated based on the same sweetness. That's to say in those evaluations the concentrations of sucralose in all sample solutions were the same, lOOppm. The results are shown in Table 77-
2
[006588] Table 77-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000851_0001
[006589] Data analysis
[006590] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of alanine and xylose in this example is as shown in Figure 68.
[006591] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to the mixture of alanine and xylose in this example is as shown in Figure 69.
[006592] Conclusion:
[006593] The results showed that MRPs (sucralose-MRPs) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of sucralose to the mixture of alanine and xylose from 10/90 to 90/10 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 50/50 to 60/40, the products gave superior taste (overall likeability score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006594] Example 78 preparation of MRP-FL from phenylalanine and xylose
[006595] 33.35g xylose and 16.65g phenylalanine were mixed. The ratio of xylose to phenylalanine was 2:1. The mixture was dissolved into 125g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered by filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 42g of a light brown powder MRP-FL.
[006596] Example 79 preparation of MRP-CA from alanine and xylose
[006597] 30g xylose and lOg alanine were mixed. The ratio of xylose to alanine was 3:1.
The mixture was dissolved into 50g pure water. No pH regulator was added and let the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 33g of a light brown powder MRP-CA.
[006598] Example 80 preparation of MRP-CI from glutamic acid and galactose [006599] 37.5g galactose and 12.5g glutamic acid were mixed. The ratio of galactose to glutamic acid was 3:1. The mixture was dissolved into 250g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 39g of an off white powder MRP-CI.
[006600] Example 81 preparation of MRP-CH from valine and rhamnose
[006601] 7.5g rhamnose and 7.5g valine were mixed. The ratio of rhamnose to valine was
1:1. The mixture was dissolved into a mixture of 1.875g pure water and 7.5g propylene glycol. The solution was heated at about 120 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the temperature of the reaction mixture was cooled to 30 degrees centigrade. A premix of 37.5g maltodextrin and 37.5g pure water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for about 4 hour. The mixture was filtered by filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 50g of a light brown powder MRP-CH.
[006602] Example 82 preparation of S-MRP-CI from stevia extract, glutamic acid and galactose
[006603] Stevia extract : available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method of Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG ( according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%
[006604] 45g stevia extract, 1.25g galactose and 3.75g glutamic acid were mixed. The ratio of galactose to glutamic acid was 3:1 and the ratio of stevia extract to the mixture of galactose and glutamic acid is 9:1. The mixture was dissolved into 25g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered by filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 39g of an off white powder S-MRP-CI.
[006605] Example 83 preparation of S-MRP-CH from stevia extract, valine and rhamnose [006606] Stevia extract : RA20/TSG(9)95 (available from Sweet Green Fields, lot #
YCJ20180403; RA 27.89%, TSG (JECFA2010) 99.03%)
[006607] 52.5g stevia extract, 11.25g rhamnose and 11.25g valine were mixed. The ratio of rhamnose to valine was 1:1. The mixture was dissolved into a mixture of 9.375g pure water and 37.5g propylene glycol. The solution was heated at about 120 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the temperature of reaction mixture was cooled to 30 degrees centigrade. A premix of 165g maltodextrin and 165g pure water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for about 4 hour. The mixture was filtered by filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 250g of a light brown powder S -MRP-CH.
[006608] Examples 84-86 salt reduction synergisticsynergistic effect of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to edible salt
[006609] Materials:
[006610] MRP-CI the product of Example 80
[006611] S-MRP-CI the product of Example 82
[006612] thaumatin available from EPC Natural Products Co., Ltd, China, lot # 20180801, the content of thaumatin is 10.74%.
[006613] TS-MRP-CI the mixture of above S-MRP-CI and thaumatin with the weight ratio of 10:1
[006614] Edible salt Iodine and low sodium salt, available from Guangdong Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd, China, lot # 2018/05/31C2GZ
[006615] Example 84 salt reduction synergisticsynergistic effect of MRP to edible salt
[006616] Method
[006617] Several of 0.05% edible salt solutions were prepared, and an appropriate amount of MRP-CI was added to prepare salt solutions containing different concentrations of MRP-CI. The data of each test sample is shown in Table 84-1.
[006618] Table 84-1 the weight and concentration of MRP-CI in 0.05% edible salt solutions
Figure imgf000855_0001
[006619] Result
[006620] The members of panel tasted each test solution and compared it with different concentrations of standard saline solution to determine the sensory saltiness of each test sample. Results are shown in Table 84-2. Method: For evaluation for the sensory of saltiness, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to determine the saltiness of a samples in comparison to a standard saline solution. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then determine the saltiness. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the saltiness of the samples were discussed openly to find a suitable result. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[006621] Table 84-2 salt reduction synergisticsynergistic effect of MRP-CI to edible salt
Figure imgf000855_0002
* Saltiness increasing = (Sensory saltiness- Concentration of edible salt)/ Concentration of edible saltxl00%
[006622] Conclusion
[006623] The results showed that MRPs can significantly produce salt reduction synergistic effects with edible salt. For 0.05% solution of edible salt, adding 100 ppm to 200ppm of MRP-CI increased the saltiness by 70% to 140%.
[006624] Example 85 salt reduction synergisticsynergistic effect of S-MRP to edible salt
[006625] Method
[006626] Several of 0.05% edible salt solutions were prepared, and an appropriate amount of S-MRP-CI was added to prepare salt solutions containing different concentrations of S-MRP- Cl. The data of each test sample is shown in Table 85-1.
[006627] Table 85-1 the weight and concentration of S-MRP-CI in 0.05% edible salt solutions
Figure imgf000856_0001
[006628] Result
[006629] The members of panel tasted each test solution and compared it with different concentrations of standard saline solution to determine the sensory saltiness of each test sample. Results are shown in Table 85-2. The samples were evaluated as in Example 84. [006630] Table 85-2 salt reduction synergistic effect of S-MRP-CI to edible salt
Figure imgf000857_0001
* Saltiness increasing = (Sensory saltiness- Concentration of edible salt)/ Concentration of edible saltxl00%
[006631] Conclusion
[006632] The results showed that S-MRPs can significantly produce salt reduction synergistic effects with edible salt. For 0.05% solution of edible salt, adding 30 ppm to 200ppm of S-MRP-CI increased the saltiness by 70% to 90%.
[006633] Example 86 salt reduction synergistic effect of TS-MRP to edible salt
[006634] Method
[006635] Several of 0.05% edible salt solutions were prepared, and an appropriate amount of TS-MRP-CI was added to prepare salt solutions containing different concentrations of TS- MRP-CI. The data of each test sample is shown in Table 86-1.
[006636] Table 86-1 the weight and concentration of TS-MRP-CI in 0.05% edible salt solutions
Figure imgf000858_0001
[006637] Result
[006638] The members of panel tasted each test solution and compared it with different concentrations of standard saline solution to determine the sensory saltiness of each test sample. Results are shown in Table 86-2. The tasting procedure is the same as example 84. [006639] Table 86-2 salt reduction synergistic effect of TS-MRP-CI to edible salt
Figure imgf000859_0001
* Saltiness increasing = (Sensory saltiness- Concentration of edible salt)/ Concentration of edible saltxl00%
[006640] Conclusion
[006641] The results showed that TS-MRPs can significantly produce salt reduction synergistic effects with edible salt. For 0.05% solution of edible salt, adding 30 ppm to 200ppm of TS-MRP-CI increased the saltiness by 70% to 80%.
[006642] Example 87 the evaluation of synergistic effect of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to fat mouth feel
[006643] Materials:
[006644] MRP-FL the product of Example 78
[006645] S-MRP-CA the product of Example 50
[006646] S-MRP-CH the product of Example 83
[006647] Thaumatin available from EPC Natural Products Co., Ltd, China, lot # 20180801, the content of thaumatin is 10.74%.
[006648] TS-MRP-CH the mixture of above S-MRP-CH and thaumatin with the weight ratio of 10:1
[006649] Milk WEIDENDORF® skim milk, fat amount Og/lOOml, origin: Germany, purchased from Jingdong Supermarket, lot # 2018/03/21
[006650] WEIDENDORF® whole milk, fat amount 3.5g/100ml, origin: Germany, purchased from Jingdong Supermarket, lot # 2018/04/11
[006651] Method
[006652] Skim milk and whole milk are mixed in predetermined amounts to make milk with different fat content. The specific mixing ratio and fat content are shown in Table 87-1.
[006653] Table 87-1 specific mixing ratio and fat content
Figure imgf000860_0001
Figure imgf000861_0001
[006654] To three kinds of mixed milk with fat content of 0.7g/100ml, 1.75g/100ml and 2.8g/100ml were added different concentrations of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to judge the synergistic effect of fat mouth feel. The mouth feel of the milk with added MRP, S-MRP or TS- MRP was compared to the milk with standard fat mouth feel in Table 87-1. Method: For evaluation of the fat mouth feel, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to determine the degree of fat mouth feel of each sample solution in comparison to standard milk with specific mixing ratio. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then determine the degree of fat mouth feel. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the fat mouth feel was discussed openly to find a suitable result. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[006655] Results
[006656] The original fat content of each test sample, the concentration of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP added, and the synergistic fat mouth feel corresponding to the fat content in Table 87- 1 are shown in Table 87-2.
[006657] Table 87-2 synergistic effect of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to fat mouth feel
Figure imgf000862_0001
* synergistic effect of fat mouth feel = (fat mouth feel of test sample corresponding to the fat content - Original fat content) / Original fat contentxlOO%
** Fat replacement effect = (fat mouth feel of test sample corresponding to the fat content - Original fat content)/ fat mouth feel of test sample corresponding to the fat contentxlOO%
[006658] Conclusion :
[006659] The results showed that the synergistic effect of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP on the fat mouth feel of partially skimmed milk is significant, particularly in lower fat milk. TS-MRP's synergistic effect of fat mouth feel is most significant. Under certain conditions, such as, addition of 500 ppm of TS-MRP to the milk with a fat content of 1.05g/100ml, 50% fat replacement effect was achieved.
[006660] Examples 88-108 the improvement of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to the taste and mouth feel of stevia extract
[006661] The sources of the stevia extract and MRP samples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf000865_0001
[006662] Example 88 the improvement of MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RA
[006663] Common process:
[006664] MRP-CH and RA were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 88-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 88-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006665] Table 88-1 the weight of MRP-CH and RA
Figure imgf000867_0001
[006666] Experiments
[006667] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and RA were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RA in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 88-2.
[006668] Table 88-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000868_0001
[006669] Data analysis
[006670] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RA in this example is as shown in Figure 70. [006671] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RA in this example is as shown in Figure 71.
[006672] Conclusion:
[006673] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners or sweetening agents such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CH to RA from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.01/1 to 0.1/1 and from 0.7/1 to 2/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 2.5); further, preferred ratio ranges were from 0.7/1 to 1/1, products gave superior taste (score >3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides.
[006674] Example 89 the improvement of S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RA
[006675] Common process:
[006676] S-MRP-CH and RA were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 89-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 89-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006677] Table 89-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH and RA
Figure imgf000870_0001
[006678] Experiments
[006679] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and RA were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RA in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 89-2. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006680] Table 89-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000871_0001
[006681] Data analysis [006682] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP- CH to RA in this example is as shown in Figure 72.
[006683] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RA in this example is as shown in Figure 73.
[006684] Conclusion:
[006685] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners or sweetening agents such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A. All range in tested ratios of S-MRP-CH to RA from 0.01/1 to 3/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.5/1 to 1/1, the products gave a very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006686] Example 90 the improvement of TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RA
[006687] Common process:
[006688] TS-MRP-CH and RA were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 90-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 90-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test.
[006689] Table 90-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CH and RA
Figure imgf000873_0001
[006690] Experiments
[006691] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and RA were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RA in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 90-2.
[006692] Table 90-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000874_0001
[006693] Data analysis
[006694] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- CH to RA in this example is as shown in Figure 74
[006695] The relationship between the overall results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RA in this example is as shown in Figure 75.
[006696] Conclusion:
[006697] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners or sweetening agents such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CH to RA from 0.01/1 to 4/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratios ranged from 0.1/1 to 2/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006698] Example 91 the improvement of MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of STV
[006699] Common process:
[006700] MRP-FL and STV were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 91-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test.
[006701] Table 91-1 the weight of MRP-FL and STV
Figure imgf000876_0001
[006702] Experiments
[006703] Several mixtures of MRP-FL and STV were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of STV in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 91-2. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006704] Table 91-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000877_0001
[006705] Data analysis [006706] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 76.
[006707] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 77.
[006708] Conclusion:
[006709] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise stevioside. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-FL to STV from 10:1 to 10:100 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:5 to 10:100, the products gave very good taste (score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides.
[006710] Example 92 the improvement of S-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of STV
[006711] Common process:
[006712] S-MRP-FL and STV were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 92-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006713] Table 92-1 the weight of S-MRP-FL and STV
Figure imgf000879_0001
[006714] Experiments
[006715] Several mixtures of S-MRP-FL and STV were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of STV in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 92-2.
[006716] Table 92-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000880_0001
[006717] Data analysis
[006718] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to S- MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 78.
[006719] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to S- MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 79. [006720] Conclusion:
[006721] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners or sweetening agents such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise stevioside. All ranges in tested ratios of STV to S-MRP-FL from 10:1 to 10:40 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:7 to 10:40, the products gave very good taste (score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006722] Example 93 the improvement of TS-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of STV
[006723] Common process:
[006724] TS-MRP-FL and STV were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 93-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006725] Table 93-1 the weight of S-MRP-FL and STV
Figure imgf000882_0001
[006726] Experiments
[006727] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-FL and STV were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of STV in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 93-2.
[006728] Table 93-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000883_0001
[006729] Data analysis
[006730] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of STV to TS- MRP-FL in this example as shown in Figure 80.
[006731] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of STV to TS- MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 81. [006732] Conclusion:
[006733] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners or sweetening agents such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise stevioside. All ranges in tested ratios of STV to TS-MRP-FL from 10:1 to 10:40 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:7 to 10:10, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006734] Example 94 the improvement of MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of RD
[006735] Common process:
[006736] MRP-FL and RD were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 94-1, dissolved in 200 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test.
[006737] Table 94-1 the weight of MRP-FL and RD
Figure imgf000884_0001
Figure imgf000885_0001
[006738] Experiments
[006739] Several mixtures of MRP-FL and RD were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 94-2.
[006740] Table 94-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000885_0002
[006741] Data analysis: The tasting procedure is the same as example 37. [006742] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 82.
[006743] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of RD to MRP-FL in this example is shown in Figure 83.
[006744] Conclusion:
[006745] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners or sweetening agents such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside D. All ranges in tested ratios of RD to MRP-FL from 20:1 to 10:20 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:3 to 10:20, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides.
[006746] Example 95 the improvement of S-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of RD
[006747] Common process:
[006748] S-MRP-FL and RD were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 95-1, dissolved in 200 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test.
[006749] Table 95-1 the weight of S-MRP-FL and RD
Figure imgf000886_0001
[006750] Experiments
[006751] Several mixtures of S-MRP-FL and RD were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 95-2.
[006752] Table 95-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000887_0001
[006753] Data analysis
[006754] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to S- MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 84. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37. [006755] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RD to S- MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 85.
[006756] Conclusion:
[006757] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners or sweetening agents such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside D. All ranges in tested ratios of RD to S-MRP-FL from 20:1 to 10:20 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:9 to 10:20, the products gave very good taste (score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides.
[006758] Example 96 the improvement of TS-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of RD
[006759] Common process:
[006760] TS-MRP-FL and RD were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 96-1, dissolved in 200 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006761] Table 96-1 the weight of TS-MRP-FL and RD
Figure imgf000888_0001
Figure imgf000889_0001
[006762] Experiments
[006763] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-FL and RD were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 96-2.
[006764] Table 96-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000889_0002
[006765] Data analysis [006766] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RD to TS- MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 86.
[006767] The relationship between the overall results to the ratio of RD to TS-MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 87.
[006768] Conclusion:
[006769] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides which comprise rebaudioside D. All ranges in tested ratios of RD to TS-MRP-FL from 20:1 to 10:20 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:3 to 10:20, the products gave very good taste (score > 4). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides.
[006770] Example 97 the improvement of MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of RM
[006771] Common process:
[006772] MRP-CA and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 97-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006773] Table 97-1 the weight of MRP-CA and RM
Figure imgf000891_0001
[006774] Experiments
[006775] Several mixtures of MRP-CA and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RM in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 97-2.
[006776] Table 97-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000892_0001
[006777] Data analysis
[006778] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 88.
[006779] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 89.
[006780] Conclusion: [006781] The results showed that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of RM to MRP-CA from 1/0.01 to 1/0.9 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 1/0.1 to 1/0.9, the products will give very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides.
[006782] Example 98 the improvement of S-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of RM
[006783] Common process:
[006784] S-MRP-CA and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 98-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006785] Table 98-1 the weight of S-MRP-CA and RM
Figure imgf000894_0001
[006786] Experiments
[006787] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CA and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RM in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 98-2.
[006788] 98-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000895_0001
[006789] Data analysis
[006790] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to S- MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 90.
[006791] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to S- MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 91.
[006792] Conclusion: [006793] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of RM to S-MRP-CA from 1/0.01 to 1/0.9 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 1/0.3 to 1/0.9, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006794] Example 99 the improvement of TS-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of RM
[006795] Common process:
[006796] TS-MRP-CA and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 99-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006797] Table 99-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CA and RM
Figure imgf000897_0001
[006798] Experiments
[006799] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CA and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RM in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 99-2.
[006800] Table 99-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000898_0001
[006801] Data analysis
[006802] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of RM to TS- MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 92.
[006803] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of RM to TS- MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 93. [006804] Conclusion:
[006805] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of RM to TS-MRP-CA from 1/0.01 to 1/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 1/0.3 to 1/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006806] Example 100 the improvement of MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM (9:1)
[006807] Common process:
[006808] MRP-CH, RD, and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 100-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 100-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006809] Table 100-1 the weight of MRP-CH, RD, and RM
Figure imgf000900_0001
[006810] Experiments
[006811] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and RD+RM (9:1) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (9:1 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 100-2.
[006812] Table 100-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000901_0001
[006813] Data analysis [006814] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 94.
[006815] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 95.
[006816] Conclusion:
[006817] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise the composition of rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M (9:1). All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:1) from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.5/1 to 2/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006818] Example 101 the improvement of S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM (9:1)
[006819] Common process:
[006820] S-MRP-CH, RD, and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 101-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 101-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test.
[006821] Table 101-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH, RD, and RM
Figure imgf000903_0001
[006822] Experiments
[006823] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and RD+RM (9:1) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (9:1) in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 101-2. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006824] Table 101-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000904_0001
[006825] Data analysis [006826] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP- CH to RD+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 96.
[006827] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 97.
[006828] Conclusion:
[006829] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise the composition of rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M (9:1). All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:1) from 0.01/1 to S/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.5/1 to 1/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006830] Example 102 the improvement of TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM (9:1)
[006831] Common process:
[006832] TS-MRP-CH, RD, and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 102-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 102-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006833] Table 102-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CH, RD, and RM
Figure imgf000906_0001
[006834] Experiments
[006835] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and RD+RM (9:1) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (9:1) in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 102-2.
[006836] Table 102-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000907_0001
[006837] Data analysis
[006838] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- CH to RD+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 98.
[006839] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 99.
[006840] Conclusion:
[006841] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise the composition of rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M (9:1). All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (9:1) from 0.01/1 to 4/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.7/1 to 2/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006842] Example 103 the improvement of MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM (5:5)
[006843] Common process:
[006844] MRP-CH and RD+RM(5:5) were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 103-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006845] Table 103-1 the weight of MRP-CH and RD+RM(5:5)
Figure imgf000909_0001
[006846] Experiments
[006847] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and RD+RM (5:5) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (5:5) in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 103-2.
[006848] Table 103-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000909_0002
Figure imgf000910_0001
[006849] Data analysis
[006850] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 100.
[006851] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 101.
[006852] Conclusion:
[006853] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise the composition of rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M (5:5). All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CH to RD+RM(5:5) from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.5/1 to 2/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006854] Example 104 the improvement of S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM (5:5)
[006855] Common process:
[006856] S-MRP-CH and RD+RM(5:5) were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 104-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006857] Table 104-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH and RD+RM(5:5)
Figure imgf000911_0001
[006858] Experiments
[006859] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and RD+RM (5:5) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (5:5) in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 104-2.
[006860] Table 104-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000911_0002
Figure imgf000912_0001
[006861] Data analysis
[006862] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP- CH to RD+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 102.
[006863] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 103.
[006864] Conclusion:
[006865] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise the composition of rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M (5:5). All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) from 0.01/1 to 3/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.3/1 to 3/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides.
[006866] Example 105 the improvement of TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM (5:5)
[006867] Common process:
[006868] TS-MRP-CH and RD+RM(5:5) were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 105-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006869] Table 105-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH and RD+RM(5:5)
Figure imgf000913_0001
[006870] Experiments
[006871] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and RD+RM (5:5) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (5:5) in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 105-2.
[006872] Table 105-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000913_0002
Figure imgf000914_0001
[006873] Data analysis
[006874] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- CH to RD+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 104.
[006875] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 105.
[006876] Conclusion:
[006877] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweetener such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise the composition of rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M (5:5). All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (5:5) from 0.01/1 to 4/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 1/1 to 4/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example can further demonstrate that TS- MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of steviol glycosides.
[006878] Example 106 the improvement of MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM
(1:9)
[006879] Common process: [006880] MRP-CH, RD, and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 106-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 106-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006881] Table 106-1 the weight of MRP-CH, RD, and RM
Figure imgf000916_0001
[006882] Experiments
[006883] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and RD+RM (1:9) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (1:9) in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 106-2.
[006884] Table 106-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000917_0001
[006885] Data analysis
[006886] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 106. [006887] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 107.
[006888] Conclusion:
[006889] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract, for instance the stevia extract comprises rebaudioside D and or rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.7/1 to 1/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006890] Example 107 the improvement of S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM (1:9)
[006891] Common process:
S-MRP-CH, RD, and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 107-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 107-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006892] Table 107-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH, RD, and RM
Figure imgf000919_0001
[006893] Experiments
[006894] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and RD+RM (1:9) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (1:9) in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 107-2.
[006895] Table 107-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000920_0001
[006896] Data analysis [006897] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP- CH to RD+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 108.
[006898] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 109.
[006899] Conclusion:
[006900] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract, for instance the stevia extract comprises rebaudioside D and or rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) from 0.01/1 to 3/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.5/1 to 1/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006901] Example 108 the improvement of TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RD+RM (1:9)
[006902] Common process:
[006903] TS-MRP-CH, RD, and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 108-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 108-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006904] Table 108-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CH, RD, and RM
Figure imgf000922_0001
[006905] Experiments
[006906] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and RD+RM (1:9) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RD+RM (1:9) in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 108-2.
[006907] Table 108-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000923_0001
[006908] Data analysis
[006909] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- CH to RD+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 110.
[006910] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 111.
[006911] Conclusion:
[006912] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For instance, the stevia extract comprises Reb D and or Reb M. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CH to RD+RM (1:9) from 0.01/1 to 4/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio is 1/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006913] Examples 109-121 the improvement of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to the taste and mouth feel of Sweet tea extract
[006914] The sources of the sweet tea extract and MRP samples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf000925_0001
[006915] Example 109 the improvement of MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[006916] Common process:
[006917] MRP-CA, and RU were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 109-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 109-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006918] Table 109-1 the weight of MRP-CA, and RU
Figure imgf000927_0001
[006919] Experiments
[006920] Several mixtures of MRP-CA and RU were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 109-2.
[006921] Table 109-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000928_0001
[006922] Data analysis
[006923] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RU in this example is as shown in Figure 112. [006924] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RU in this example is as shown in Figure 113.
[006925] Conclusion:
[006926] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as sweet tea extract which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CA to RU from 0.3/1 to 1/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.5/1 to 1/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006927] Example 110 the improvement of S-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[006928] Common process:
[006929] S-MRP-CA, and RU were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 110-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 110-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006930] Table 110-1 the weight of S-MRP-CA, and RU
Figure imgf000930_0001
[006931] Experiments
[006932] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CA and RU were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 110-2.
[006933] Table 110-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000931_0001
[006934] Data analysis [006935] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CA to RU in this example is as shown in Figure 114.
[006936] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CA to RU in this example is as shown in Figure 115.
[006937] Conclusion:
[006938] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as sweet tea extract which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-CA to RU from 0.5/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.5/1 to 0.9/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006939] Example 111 the improvement of TS-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[006940] Common process:
[006941] TS-MRP-CA, and RU were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 111-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 111-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006942] Table 111-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CA, and RU
Figure imgf000933_0001
[006943] Experiments
[006944] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CA and RU were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 111-2.
[006945] Table 111-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000934_0001
[006946] Data analysis
[006947] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- CA to RU in this example is as shown in Figure 116. [006948] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RU in this example is as shown in Figure 117.
[006949] Conclusion:
[006950] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as sweet tea extract which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CA to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 has good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.7/1 to 2/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006951] Examples 112-117 the improvement of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to the taste and mouth feel of monk fruit extract
[006952] The sources of the monk fruit extract and MRP samples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf000936_0001
[006953] Example 112 the improvement of MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[006954] Common process:
[006955] MRP-FL and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 112-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006956] Table 112-1 the weight of MRP-FL and mogroside V20
Figure imgf000937_0001
[006957] Experiments
[006958] Several mixtures of MRP-FL and mogroside V20 were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 112-2.
[006959] Table 112-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000939_0001
[006960] Data analysis
[006961] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 118.
[006962] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 119.
[006963] Conclusion:
[006964] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as monk fruit concentrate or extract. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to MRP-FL from 1/0.01 to 1/0.7 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 1/0.3 to 1/0.7, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006965] Example 113 the improvement of S-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[006966] Common process: [006967] S-MRP-FL and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 113-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006968] Table 113-1 the weight of S-MRP-FL and mogroside V20
Figure imgf000941_0001
[006969] Experiments
[006970] Several mixtures of S-MRP-FL and mogroside V20 were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 113-2.
[006971] Table 113-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000942_0001
[006972] Data analysis
[006973] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 120. [006974] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 121.
[006975] Conclusion:
[006976] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, Stevia Extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as monk fruit concentrate or extract. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-FL from 1/0.01 to 1/1.5 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 1/0.1 to 1/1.5, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006977] Example 114 the improvement of TS-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[006978] Common process:
[006979] TS-MRP-FL and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 114-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006980] Table 114-1 the weight of TS-MRP-FL and mogroside V20
Figure imgf000944_0001
[006981] Experiments
[006982] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-FL and mogroside V20 were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 114-2.
[006983] Table 114-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000945_0001
[006984] Data analysis [006985] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 122.
[006986] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-FL in this example is as shown in Figure 12S.
[006987] Conclusion:
[006988] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as monk fruit extract concentrate or extract. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-FL from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 1/0. S to 1/2, the products gave very good taste (score > S). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[006989] Example 115 the improvement of MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[006990] Common process:
[006991] MRP-CA and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 115-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[006992] Table 115-1 the weight of MRP-CA and mogroside V50
Figure imgf000946_0001
Figure imgf000947_0001
[006993] Experiments
[006994] Several mixtures of MRP-CA and mogroside V50 were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 115-2.
[006995] Table 115-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000947_0002
[006996] Data analysis [006997] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 124.
[006998] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 125.
[006999] Conclusion:
[007000] The results showed that standard MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as monk fruit concentrate or extract. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to MRP-CA from 20/1 to 10/20 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/5 to 10/20, the products gave very good taste (score > 4). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007001] Example 116 the improvement of S-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007002] Common process:
[007003] S-MRP-CA and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 116-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007004] Table 116-1 the weight of S-MRP-CA and mogroside V50
Figure imgf000948_0001
Figure imgf000949_0001
[007005] Experiments
[007006] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CA and mogroside V50 were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 116-2.
[007007] Table 116-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000949_0002
[007008] Data analysis [007009] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 126.
[007010] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 127.
[007011] Conclusion:
[007012] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, Stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as monk fruit concentrate or extract. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CA from 20/1 to 10/20 had good taste (overall likeability score > S), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/15 to 10/20, the products gave very good taste (score > 4). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007013] Example 117 the improvement of TS-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007014] Common process:
[007015] TS-MRP-CA and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 117-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007016] Table 117-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CA and mogroside V50
Figure imgf000950_0001
Figure imgf000951_0001
[007017] Experiments
[007018] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CA and mogroside V50 were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 117-2.
[007019] Table 117-2 the score of sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000951_0002
[007020] Data analysis
[007021] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 128.
[007022] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 129.
[007023] Conclusion:
[007024] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as monk fruit concentrate or extract. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CA from 20/1 to 10/20 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/15 to 10/20, the products gave very good taste (score > 4). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007025] Examples 118-123 the improvement of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to the taste and mouth feel of artificial sweetener such as sucralose and aspartame
[007026] The sources of artificial sweetener and MRP samples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf000953_0001
[007027] Example 118 the improvement of MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of aspartame
[007028] Common process:
[007029] MRP-CH and aspartame were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 118-1, dissolved in pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007030] Table 118-1 the weight of MRP-CH and aspartame
Figure imgf000954_0001
[007031] Experiments
[007032] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and aspartame were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of aspartame in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 118-2.
[007033] Table 118-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000955_0001
[007034] Data analysis [007035] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of aspartame to MRP-CH in this example is as shown in Figure 130.
[007036] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of aspartame to MRP-CH in this example is as shown in Figure 131.
[007037] Conclusion:
[007038] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity synthetic or artificial sweeteners such as aspartame. All ranges in tested ratios of aspartame to MRP-CH from 100/1 to 10/70 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/5 to 10/70, the products will give very good taste (score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007039] Example 119 the improvement of S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of aspartame
[007040] Common process:
[007041] S-MRP-CH and aspartame were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 119-1, dissolved in pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007042] Table 119-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH and aspartame
Figure imgf000957_0001
[007043] Experiments
[007044] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and aspartame were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of aspartame in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 119-2.
[007045] Table 119-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000958_0001
[007046] Data analysis [007047] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of aspartame to S-MRP-CH in this example is as shown in Figure 132.
[007048] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of aspartame to S-MRP-CH in this example is as shown in Figure 133.
[007049] Conclusion:
[007050] The results showed that S-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity synthetic sweetener such as aspartame. All ranges in tested ratios of aspartame to S-MRP-CH from 100/1 to 10/50 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/1 to 10/50, the products gave very good taste (score > 3.5). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007051] Example 120 the improvement of TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of aspartame
[007052] Common process:
[007053] TS-MRP-CH and aspartame were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 120-1, dissolved in pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007054] Table 120-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CH and aspartame
Figure imgf000960_0001
[007055] Experiments
[007056] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and aspartame were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of aspartame in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 120-2.
[007057] Table 120-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000961_0001
[007058] Data analysis [007059] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of aspartame to TS-MRP-CH in this example is as shown in Figure 134.
[007060] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of aspartame to TS-MRP-CH in this example is as shown in Figure 135
[007061] Conclusion:
[007062] The results showed that TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract, thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity synthetic sweetener such as aspartame. All ranges in tested ratios of aspartame to TS-MRP-CH from 100/1 to 10/100 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/5 to 10/100, the products gave very good taste (score > 4). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007063] Example 121 the improvement of MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of sucralose
[007064] Common process:
[007065] MRP-CA and sucralose were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 121-1, dissolved in 100ml pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007066] Table 121-1 the weight of MRP-CA and sucralose
Figure imgf000963_0001
[007067] Experiments
[007068] Several mixtures of MRP-CA and sucralose were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of sucralose in the sample solution was the same, 150 ppm. The results are shown in Table 121-2.
[007069] Table 121-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000964_0001
[007070] Data analysis [007071] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 136.
[007072] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 137.
[007073] Conclusion:
[007074] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity synthetic sweetener such as sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of sucralose to MRP-CA from 10:1 to 10:100 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:10 to 10:100, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007075] Example 122 the improvement of S-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of sucralose
[007076] Common process:
[007077] S-MRP-CA and sucralose were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 122-1, dissolved in 100ml pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007078] Table 122-1 the weight of S-MRP-CA and sucralose
Figure imgf000966_0001
[007079] Experiments
[007080] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CA and sucralose were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of sucralose in the sample solution was the same, 150 ppm. The results are shown in Table 122-2.
[007081] Table 122-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000967_0001
[007082] Data analysis [007083] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to S-MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 138.
[007084] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to S-MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 139.
[007085] Conclusion:
[007086] The results showed that composition comprises S-MRPs (stevia extract and
MRPs) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity synthetic sweetener such as sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of sucralose to S-MRP-CA from 10:1 to 10:100 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:9 to 10:100, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007087] Example 123 the improvement of TS-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of sucralose
[007088] Common process:
[007089] TS-MRP-CA and sucralose were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 123-1, dissolved in 100ml pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007090] Table 123-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CA and sucralose
Figure imgf000969_0001
[007091] Experiments
[007092] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CA and sucralose were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of sucralose in the sample solution was the same, 150 ppm. The results are shown in Table 123-2.
[007093] Table 123-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf000970_0001
[007094] Data analysis [007095] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of sucralose to TS-MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 140.
[007096] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of sucralose to TS-MRP-CA in this example is as shown in Figure 141.
[007097] Conclusion:
[007098] The results showed that compositions comprising TS-MRPs (MRPs, stevia extract and thaumatin) can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of high intensity synthetic sweetener such as sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of sucralose to TS- MRP-CA from 10:1 to 10:100 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10:7 to 10:70, the products gave very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1.
[007099] Example 124 Evaluation of the effect of S-MRP on sugar-free chocolate formula
[007100] Production method
[007101] 1, cocoa liquid blocks, whole milk, stevia extract (Convenent®, available from
Sweet Green Fields, United States, Lot number 20170802) and S-MRP-CH (product of Example 82) were heated in a water bath at 60 °C to melt the cocoa liquid block and stirred to make the mixture uniform;
[007102] 2, mix the completely dissolved mixture in step 1 with lecithin;
[007103] 3, continue to stir the mixture and cool down to 40 °C;
[007104] 4, pour the mixture into a mold, freeze in the refrigerator to solidify Formula.
Figure imgf000971_0001
[007105] Evaluation
[007106] All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 10 persons. The evaluation results are as follow. Method: All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 10 persons. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile according to the factors of sweetness, sweet lingering, mouth feel and overall likeability and gave the positive or negative judgment to each factor by their acceptability.
Figure imgf000972_0001
[007107] Conclusion
[007108] For the chocolate formula with sweetening agent, high intensity sweetener either synthetic or natural as sweetener, the finished product lacked full body and a silky mouth feel. And at higher doses of sweetening agents and or synthetic sweetener, the sweet lingering of high intensity sweeteners became apparent, and the sweetness profile was difficult to be compatible with the flavor profile of chocolate itself. Using S-MRP-CH as a flavor enhancer and mouth feel modifier in low sugar or sugar free chocolate formula significantly improved the above defects, and the mouth feel acceptability of the formula was significantly increased. Thus, an embodiment comprising sweetening agents, MRPs, fibers (such as inulin and polydextrose), sweeteners, such as maltol, can be used for food including low sugar or sugar free chocolate.
[007109] Example 125 Evaluation of the effect of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP on sugar-free cookie formula
[007110] Production methods
[007111] 1. Stir butter at room temperature to soften it.
[007112] 2. Mix monk fruit extract V20 with MRP-CA, S-MRP-CA or TS-MRP-CA, respectively and dissolve the mixture in milk.
[007113] 3. Pour cake powder into the butter, mix with rubber board, and pour the milk into the butter at the same time to make dough.
[007114] 4. Put the dough in the refrigerator for 30 min.
[007115] 5. Put the dough in the oven, bake at 150 °C for 30 min.
[007116] Formula
Figure imgf000973_0001
[007117] Evaluation
[007118] All the samples are evaluated by a panel of 10 persons. The evaluation results are as follow. Method: All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 10 persons. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile according to the factors of sweetness, sweet lingering, mouth feel and overall likeability and gave the positive or negative judgment to each factor by their acceptability.
Figure imgf000974_0001
[007119] Conclusion
[007120] The cookie formula with sweetening agent, and or high intensity sweetener such as synthetic sweeteners such as aspartame, AC-K, sucralose as sweeteners lacked full body mouth feel. Because the food product normally requires higher sweetness, it was necessary to add a sweetening agent and or high intensity sweeteners at high doses. However, under such conditions, the very serious defects of high intensity sweeteners such as sweet lingering, bitterness and astringency became apparent and made the food products difficult to be accepted by most consumers. When using MRP, S-MRP, or TS-MRP as flavor, flavor enhancers, mouth feel modifiers and/or sweeteners in such a sugar-free cookie, the resulting formula significantly overcame the original defects and the mouth feel acceptability of the product was improved significantly. In particular, the application of TS-MRP in cookies gave the best improvement for mouth feel.
[007121] Example 126 Evaluation of the effect of S-MRP on sugar-free juice
[007122] Materials
[007123] Sugar-free pineapple juice, available from Del Monte Philippines, Inc., Philippine, sweetened by sucralose (300ppm) and neotame (7ppm), sweetness potency: 15% SE
[007124] Original pineapple juice, available from Del Monte Philippines, Inc., Philippine, without any sweetener;
[007125] S-MRP-FL, the product of Example 49
[007126] S-MRP-CA, the product of Example 50
[007127] Sucralose: available from Anhui JinHe Industrial Co., Ltd, China, lot # 201804023
[007128] Thaumatin, available from EPC Natural Products Co., Ltd, China, lot # 20180801, the content of thaumatin is 10.74%.
[007129] Monk fruit extract, mogroside V50, available from Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., China, lot # LHGE-180722, the content of mogroside V is 50.65%
[007130] RA20/TSG95, stevia extract, available from Sweet Green Fields, lot #
YCJ20180403; RA 27.89%, TSG (JECFA2010) 99.03%;
[007131] Glycosylated steviol glycosides, Zolesse®, available from Sweet Green Fields, United States, conforming to FEMA GRAS 4845, Lot # 20180730
[007132] Glycyrrhizin, Ammoniated, available from Ningbo Green-Health Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd, China, lot # 20171201, conforming to FEMA GRAS 258
[007133] Formula
Figure imgf000975_0001
Figure imgf000976_0001
[007134] Evaluation
[007135] All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 10 persons. The taste and mouth feel of the formula was compared to Sugar-free pineapple juice. The evaluation results are as follow. Method: All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 10 persons. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile according to the factors of metallic aftertaste, sweet lingering, and full body mouth feel. The intensity of the factors is shown by six levels, for none, "+" for very slight, "++" for slight, "+++" for moderate, "++++" for strong, and "+++++" for very strong.
Figure imgf000976_0002
Figure imgf000977_0001
[007136] Conclusion:
[007137] For fruit juice formulations using sweetening agent and or high intensity sweeteners as sweeteners, the products lacked full body mouth feel, as well as having a very serious sweet lingering, bitter, astringent and metallic taste. When S-MRP or TS-MRP was used as a sweetener and a mouth feel modifier in the sugar free juice formula, it significantly overcome the original defects of the sweetening agent and or high intensity sweeteners, and the mouth feel acceptability of the product was significantly increased.
[007138] Examples 127-130. Determine the sweetness equivalency and sensory aspects of S-MRP-FL vs RA50 in water with sucrose and in an application with sucrose.
[007139] The materials and formula used in the following Examples are as follows.
[007140] Materials
[007141] - SGF RA50 lot 3070055, available from Sweet Green Fields
[007142] - RA20/SG95 lot 20180413, available from Sweet Green Fields
[007143] - S-MRP-FL lot 240-33-01, available from EPC Natural Products Co., Ltd, China, prepared according to the method of Example 49
[007144] - Sucrose
[007145] - Lemon Lime Flavor
[007146] - Citric Acid
[007147] - Distilled Water
[007148] - Mineral Water
[007149] Lemon & Lime CSD: 50% Reduced Sugar Formula
[007150] Carbonated water 92.74%
[007151] Sucrose 5.00%
[007152] Citric acid 0.12%
[007153] Sodium benzoate 0.0211%
[007154] Lemon Lime Extract NAT WONF 863.0053U 0.10%
[007155] Example 127: [007156] The following samples were compared against one another in mineral water.
[007157] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm RA50
[007158] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm S-MRP-FL
[007159] Result: RA50 sample was ~20% sweeter than the S-MRP-FL sample. It indicated that S-MRP-FL could enhance the sweetness. In addition, the S-MRP at 200ppm provided a much better mouth feel with a floral flavor note, and no identifiable off taste/bitterness when used in 5% sucrose.
[007160] Example 128:
[007161] The following samples were compared against one another in mineral water
[007162] - 300ppm RA50
[007163] - 300ppm S-MRP-FL
[007164] - 350ppm S-MRP-FL
[007165] - 400ppm S-MRP-FL
[007166] - 450ppm S-MRP-FL
[007167] - 500ppm S-MRP-FL
[007168] Result: 300ppm RA50 and 450ppm S-MRP-FL were approximately as sweet as one another in mineral water, so as a standalone product S-MRP-FL is ~33% less sweet than RA50 alone. However when used in addition to sugar, the gap in sweetness appeared to be lower, indicating that the S-MRP had good sweetness enhancing effects without being overly sweet itself.
[007169] Example 129: Comparison of sensory profile in Lemon & Lime CSD vs RA50
[007170] The following samples were compared to one another in a Lemon & Lime base.
Samples were double blinded and tasted n=l
[007171] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm RA50
[007172] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm S-MRP-FL
[007173] - 5% Sucrose + lOOppm RA50 + lOOppm S-MRP-FL
[007174] - 5% Sucrose + lOOppm RA20 + lOOppm S-MRP-FL [007175] Result: When using lOOppm S-MRP-FL in a L&L beverage, as the lime portion of the flavor diminishes, it was demonstrated that S-MRP could modify the lemon and lime flavor profile. In addition, the mouth feel of all the samples with S-MRP-FL was much improved over the basic RA50 sample.
[007176] Example 130: Comparison of sensory profile in Lemon & Lime CSD vs RA50
[007177] The following samples were compared to one another in a Lemon & Lime base.
Samples were double blinded and tasted n=l.
[007178] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm RA50
[007179] - 5% Sucrose + 150ppm RA50 + 50ppm S-MRP-FL
[007180] - 5% Sucrose + 150ppm RA20 + 50ppm S-MRP-FL
[007181] - 5% Sucrose + 155ppm RA50 + 45ppm S-MRP-FL
[007182] - 5% Sucrose + 155ppm RA20+ 45ppm S-MRP-FL
[007183] - 5% Sucrose + 160ppm RA50 + 40ppm S-MRP-FL
[007184] - 5% Sucrose + 160ppm RA20 + 40ppm S-MRP-FL
[007185] Result: it was found that 160ppm RA20 + 40ppm S-MRP-FL was the best tasting sample, with low mouth-drying and good mouth feel. 200ppm RA50 was very dry and had a low mouth feel in comparison. It was also found that the 160ppm RA50+ 40ppm S-MRP had a slightly dryer sweetness than the equivalent sample made with RA20. At 40ppm the S-MRP added improved mouth feel and sugar-likeness, and slightly improved the Lemon aspect of the Lemon & Lime flavor. Using a higher amount than 40ppm in this application altered the flavor of the beverage and muted the Lime aspect with a floral note. Overall, adding S-MRP modified the taste profile of both the stevia extract and flavor. The combination of S-MRP with stevia or other sweetening agents, high intensity synthetic sweeteners, sweeteners, and sweet enhancers can provide a satisfactory profile for taste, aroma and texture. Such combinations can be done before, during or after the Maillard reaction.
[007186] Example 131 the improvement of S-MRP to Ketchup
[007187] Materials: [007188] Sample Heinz Ketchup Classic (as seen on the label) is original sample.
[007189] The label of Heinz Ketchup Classic is as shown in Figure 142.
[007190] 4 samples are packed in Heinz Ketchup 50 % reduced sugar & salt.
[007191] The label of Heinz Ketchup 50 % reduced sugar & salt is as shown in Figure 143.
Figure imgf000980_0001
[007192] S-MRP-FL: lot 240-89-01, available from EPC Natural Products Co., Ltd, China, prepared according to the method the same as Example 49.
[007193] Experiments:
[007194] Recipe I :
[007195] Ketchup Heinz 50% Weiniger Zucker & Salz (50% less salt and sugar) with 4.5 ppm thaumatin and 25 ppm S-MRP-FL
[007196] Recipe II:
[007197] Ketchup Heinz 50% Weiniger Zucker & Salz (50% less salt and sugar) with 7.5 ppm thaumatin and 10 ppm S-MRP-FL
[007198] Recipe III :
[007199] Ketchup Heinz 50% Weiniger Zucker & Salz (50% less salt and sugar) with 6.75 ppm thaumatin and 12.5 ppm S-MRP-FL
[007200] Reference Sample I :
[007201] Ketchup Heinz 50% Weiniger Zucker & Salz (50% less salt and sugar)
[007202] Reference Sample II:
[007203] Ketchup Heinz Classic
[007204] Result
[007205] Reference I
Figure imgf000981_0001
[007206] Reference II
Figure imgf000981_0002
[007207] Sensory properties
[007208] Recipe I (compared to Reference I)
Figure imgf000981_0003
[007209] Recipe I (compared to Reference II)
Figure imgf000981_0004
[007210] Recipe II (compared to Reference I)
Figure imgf000981_0005
[007211] Recipe II (compared to Reference II)
Figure imgf000982_0001
Recipe III (compared to Reference I)
Figure imgf000982_0002
Recipe III (compared to Reference II)
Figure imgf000982_0003
[007212] Conclusion: Adding different combination of stevia MRPs and thaumatin can significantly improve the taste, aroma and texture for sugar and salt reduced tomato ketchup. The result indicated that all compositions in this innovation can be used for sauces, vegetable concentrate, juice concentrate etc. to improve their profile of taste, aroma and texture. Method: For evaluation, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to determine the taste of each sample in comparison to a control sample without addition of the components described above. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then determine a description of the taste. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted the samples and the taste(s) was discussed amongst the testers to arrive at a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[007213] Example 132 preparation of S-MRP-PC from stevia extract, proline and mannose [007214] Stevia extract: available from Sweet Green Fields, Lot # 20180409, prepared according to the method the same as Example 36, final powder. RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, TSG ( according to JECFA 2010) 62.29%
[007215] 35g stevia extract, lOg mannose and 5g proline were mixed. The ratio of mannose to proline was 2:1 and the ratio of stevia extract to the mixture of mannose and proline is 7:3. Thus obtained mixture was dissolved into 25g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 3 hours. When the reaction complete, the reaction mixture was filtered by filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to obtain about 41g of an off white powder S-MRP-PC.
[007216] Example 133 Comparison of Maillard Reaction Products with or without Stevia
[007217] 1. Materials and Equipment
[007218] 1.1 1.1 Experiment Material
[007219] Stevia (RA 24.33%, RD 4.41%, Total Glycosides 62.29%, lot number: 20180409) was purchased from Sweet Green Fields Co., Ltd (Zhejiang, China);
[007220] Galactose (99.2%, lot number: DG170710) was purchased from Zhejiang Yixin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Zhejiang, China);
[007221] L-Glutamic acid (99.2%, lot number: 20180903) was purchased from Anhui Huaheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Anhui, China).
[007222] 1.2 Experiment Equipment
[007223] Standard Rail TriPlus RSH Base Configuration for Liquid and Headspace Injections (Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., China);
[007224] 50/30pm CAR/PDMS/DVB Extraction fiber (SUPELCO, USA);
[007225] TRACE1310 Gas Chromatography (Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., China);
[007226] ISQ7000 Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., China).
[007227] 2. Preparation and pretreatment of the samples
[007228] 2.1 Preparation of the Standard Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs)
[007229] Prepared from galactose and glutamic acid, lot number: 241-66-03, Example 80.
[007230] 2.2 Preparation of the Citrus MRPs [007231] Prepared from galactose, glutamic acid and stevia, lot number: 241-66-02, Example 82.
[007232] 2.3 Pretreatment of samples
[007233] Stevia, Standard MRPs and Citrus MRPs were accurately weighed at 0.5g and placed in 20mL empty bottles. The three samples were dissolved in 10ml water.
[007234] 3. GC-MS analysis of samples
[007235] Parameters of the inlet: carrier gas was He, flow rate was lmL/min, the split ratio was 5:1 and injection temperature was 250°C ;
[007236] Temperature program: the program was started at an initial temperature of 40°C with a 5min hold at 40°C, then increased 8°C/min up to 240°C with a 5min hold at 240°C.
[007237] Parameter of the detectors : the ion source temperature was 300°C; the transmission line temperature was 240°C; full scan: 33-500 amu ;
[007238] Parameter of solid phase micro extraction (SPME): Samples were heated at 60 °C for 5 min, then extracted with SPME needle for 40 min, desorbed at 250 °C for 5 min.
[007239] 50-100 components with the maximum response value were searched in NIST and Wiley, and the components which with matching degree more than 60% were selected for analysis.
[007240] 4. Result
[007241] Total Ion Chromatography (TIC) of three samples and component analysis are shown in attached Figures 144a to 144c and Table 142-1 to 142-3.
[007242] The response of the two MRPs was higher than that of Stevia. Alkanes were the main components of Stevia, unsaturated hydrocarbons were the main components of the Standard MRPs while monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the main components of the Citrus MRPs. In addition, some characteristic components of Citrus just like limonene, bergamotol, aromadendrene oxide were found in the Citrus MRPs. The molecular structures are shown in Figures 145a to 145f.
[007243] Table 142-1 Component analysis of the Stevia
RT Component Type Mw. CAS
Figure imgf000985_0001
Figure imgf000986_0001
2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5- aromatic 110.111 620-02-0 methyl- heterocycte
trisiloxane,l,l,l,5,5,5- alkane
hexamethyl-3-
[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-
4-phenyl-5-p-tolyl-2,5-dihydro- aromatic 237.296 36879-73-9 oxazole heterocycte
11-Tridecenyl propionate acid
Nonanal aldehyde and 142.239 124-19-6 ketone
2.6-Dimethyl-l,3,5,7- diterpenoid 134.218 460-01-5 octatetraene, E,E- Cyclopentasiloxane, alkane 370.77 541-02-6 decamethyl-
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural aromatic 126.11 67-47-0 heterocycte
Furan, 3-phenyl- aromatic 144.17 13679-41-9 heterocycte
lonone aldehyde and 192.297 8013-90-9 ketone
Cyclohexasiloxane, alkane 444.924 540-97-6 dodecamethyl-
Bicyclo[4.4.1]undeca-l,3,5,7,9- olefin 142.197 2443-46-1 pentaene
1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-l,l,5,6- arene 174.282 942-43-8 tetramethyl-
1, 1, 5-Trimethyl-l, 2- arene
dihydronaphthalene
Tetradecane alkane 198.388 629-59-4
Naphthalene, 1,7-dimethyl- arene 156.224 575-37-1
Naphthalene, 2,6-dimethyl- arene 156.224 581-42-0
2,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-l- alcohol 212.3285 77981-89-6 oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-ol
5,8,11-Eicosatriynoic acid, ester
methyl ester
Cycloheptasiloxane, alkane 519.078 107-50-6 tetradecamethyl-
Methyl 6,8-octadecadiynoate acid
Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol,3-allyl- alcohol
6.6-dimethyl-2-methylene-
Cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis(2- aldehyde and 92368-82-6 methylpropylidene)- ketone
Doconexent acid 328.488 6217-54-5
2-Myristynoyl pantetheine amine
Figure imgf000988_0001
Cyclohexene, 3-methyl-6-(l- diterpenoid 136.23 586-63-0 methylethylidene)- 4
Linalool diterpenoid 154.24 78-70-6
9
2.6-Dimethyl-l,3,5,7- diterpenoid 134.21 460-01-5 octatetraene, E,E- 8
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl- alkane 370.77 541-02-6
Falcarinol sesquiterpe 244.37 21852-80-2 ne 2
a-Terpineol diterpenoid 154.24 98-55-5
9
Dodecane alkane 170.33 112-40-3
5
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- arene 174.28 475-03-6
1.1.6-trimethyl- 2
3-Cyclohexene-l-acetaldehyde, aldehyde 152.23 29548-14-9 a, 4-dimethyl- and ketone 3
Furan, 3-phenyl- aromatic 144.17 13679-41-9 heterocycte
Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 1,7,7- olefin 136.23 464-17-5 trimethyl- 4
2.6-Octadien-l-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, diterpenoid 154.24 106-25-2
(Z)- 9
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- arene 174.28 475-03-6
1.1.6-trimethyl- 2
1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-l,l,5,6- arene 174.28 942-43-8 tetramethyl- 2
lonone aldehyde 192.29 8013-90-9 and ketone 7
Cyclohexasiloxane, alkane 444.92 540-97-6 dodecamethyl- 4
1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-l,l,5,6- arene 174.28 942-43-8 tetramethyl- 2
1, 1, 5-Trimethyl-l, 2- arene
dihydronaphthalene
4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-l,3- aldehyde 190.28 1203-08-3 dienyl)but-3-en-2-one and ketone 1
Tridecane, 3-methyl- alkane 198.38 6418-41-3
8
Tridecane, 3-methylene- alkane 196.37 19780-34-8
2
(E)-l-(2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)buta- arene
1,3-diene
Tetradecane alkane 198.38 629-59-4
Figure imgf000990_0001
[007245] Compared with the Standard MRPs, the Citrus MRPs contained large amounts of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. These components are new products of the Maillard reaction which stevia was involved in. They were not found in neither the Standard MRPs nor the Stevia. Furthermore, there were some characteristic components of Citrus in the new products, such as limonene, bergamotol, aromadendrene oxide. It was consistent with the sensory evaluation of the researchers, that there was no Citrus flavor in the standard MRPs, while a new and stronger Citrus flavor appeared after stevia was added.
Test Ice Tea, Joint opinion 8 tasters
Stevia-derived MRP (ppm) Lot no. 24051-01
Product Tangerine Sweetness Flavor
(potency, profile) (increase, modified)
No sweetness, void Bitter, adstringent,
artificial peach
5 No difference to zero Slightly less bitter
sample
10 Still no sweet taste, Less bitter and
improved mouth feel astringent
Ice Tea basis 50 Slightly sweet taste, Less bitter and
Peach improved mouth feel astringent, flavor more
(concentrate harmonic, smoother
diluted to
drinking 100 Sweet taste, acceptable Harmonic bitter/flavor
strength, no mouth feel, slight balance, peach flavor
sugar) lingering improved, smoother
t taste (but not Harmonic b
t enough), perfe balance, pe
h feel, lingering improved, s
Figure imgf000991_0001
Figure imgf000991_0002
Figure imgf000991_0003
500 Sweet, strong lingering, Unpleasant bitter
bitter/metallic off-taste offnotes, reduced flavor
perception due to stevia- off notes
Conclusion: sweetening agent derived MRPs can improve the mouth feel, enhance the flavor, and harmonize the overall taste and aroma of no sugar flavored beverages such as a tea beverage. Test Ice Tea, Joint opinion 8 tasters
Stevia-derived MRP (ppm)-Lot number: 24051-01
Product Tangerine Sweetness Flavor
(potency, profile) (increase, modified)
Sweet sugar taste, slightly Bitter, adstringent,
void artificial peach
10 Sweetness unchanged, less Slight flavor
void improvement (stronger,
more natural)
50 More sweet than zero Less bitter, more
sample, improved mouth harmonic flavor, flavor
feel more intense
Ice Tea basis
(
Figure imgf000992_0001
s reng ,
200 Sweetness Harmonic bitter/flavor
% sugar)
enjoyable/almost too balance, flavor more
sweet, mouth- feel perfect, intense and smoother,
slight off-notes more natural taste
500 Sweetness too high, mouth Unpleasant bitter
feel too viscous, Off-notes offnotes, reduced flavor
perception due to stevia- off notes
Conclusion: Sweetening agent derived MRPs can improve the mouth feel, enhance the intensity of flavor, and harmonize the overall taste and aroma of low sugar flavored beverages such as a tea beverage.
Test Ice Tea, Joint opinion 8 tasters
Stevia-derived MRPs (ppm) Lot number 240-71-01
Product Flora Sweetness Flavor
(potency, profile) (increase, modified)
Ice Tea No sweetness, void Bitter, astringent,
basis Peach artificial peach
(concentrat 5 No difference to zero Slightly less bitter,
e diluted to sample flowery notes
drinking 10 No difference to zero Less bitter, less
strength, sample, less void astringent, fresh peach
no sugar) flavor 50 Slightly sweet taste, Less bitter, less
improved mouth feel astringent, flavor more
smooth and natural
Sweet taste (not sweet Harmonic b
enough), improved aromatic, p
mouth feel, slight improved, s
Figure imgf000993_0001
lingering
Figure imgf000993_0003
Figure imgf000993_0002
200 Sweet taste, mouth Harmonic bitter/flavor
feel acceptable, balance, peach flavor
slightly, lingering improved, more natural
500 Sweet, strong lingering, Unpleasant bitter
bitter (stevia) off-taste offnotes, reduced flavor
perception due to
stevia-off notes but still
_ fresh peach taste _
Conclusion: Sweetening derived MRPs can improve the mouth feel, enhance the freshness of flavor, and harmonize the overall taste and aroma of sugar free flavored tea beverages.
Test Ice Tea, Joint opinion 8 tasters
Stevia-derived MRPs (ppm) Lot number 240-71-01
Product Flora Sweetness Flavor
(potency, profile) (increase, modified)
Sweet sugar taste, Bitter, astringent,
slightly void artificial peach
10 Sweetness unchanged, Flavor more intense, less
less void artificial
50 More sweet than zero Less bitter, Flavor more
Ice Tea
sample, improved mouth intense, less artificial,
basis Peach
feel flowery notes
Figure imgf000993_0005
sugar)
Figure imgf000993_0004
200 Too sweet, mouth feel Harmonic bitter/flavor
perfect, slight balance, flavor more
bitter/metallic off-taste intense, improved smell
and taste (fresh, fruity
peach) 500 Too sweet, mouth feel Unpleasant
still perfect, clear bitter/metallic off-notes, bitter/metallic off-taste flavor perception due to
stevia-off notes
Conclusion: Sweetening agent derived MRPs can improve the mouth feel, enhance the intensity of flavor and harmonize the overall taste and aroma of low sugar flavored tea beverages.
Test Vegetable Juice, Joint opinion 8 tasters
Stevia-derived MRP (ppm) lot number 240 71-01
Product Flora Sweetness Flavor
(potency, profile) (increase, modified)
Sweet, slightly fresh, typical carrot,
watery/void pleasant taste
10 Sweetness unchanged, Flavor more fresh, more
less watery/void intense carrot
50 More Sweet, mouth feel Flavor more fresh, more
Carrot slightly improved intense carrot and flower
Juice 100 Sweetness perfect, Flavor more intense, fresh
(freshly mouth feel perfect, carrot and pleasant
squeeze more harmonic flowery/grassy notes
d, no 200 Sweetness too high, Flavor more intense, fresh added mouth feel overdone carrot, too much
sugar) (viscous), slight lingering flowery/grassy notes
500 Sweetness too high, Flavor more intense, fresh
mouth feel overdone carrot, substantially too
(viscous), lingering, off- much flowery/grassy
taste notes, stevia off-taste
Conclusion: Sweetening agent derived MRP, can improve the mouth feel, enhance the freshness of flavor, harmonize the overall taste and aroma of without added sugar in a vegetable juice such as carrot juice.
Test Vegetable Juice, Joint opinion 8 tasters
Stevia-derived MRPs (ppm) Lot Number 240-71-01
Product Flora Sweetness Flavor
(potency, profile) (increase, modified)
Tomato slightly sweet, mouth fresh, typical tomato,
Juice feel acceptable pleasant taste
(commerci No difference to zero Flavor more intense,
a I product 10 sample tomato and herbal notes Rauch 50 More sweet, mouth Flavor more intense, Happy feel unchanged tomato/herbal notes, less
Day, S % acidic, harmonic
sugar) 100 More sweet, mouth Flavor more intense,
feel increased tomato/strong herbal
notes, less acidic,
harmonic, pleasant
200 Too sweet, mouth feel Flavor more intense,
sticky, slight lingering tomato/strong herbal
notes, less acidic, not
pleasant
500 Sweetness too high, Flavor more intense,
mouth feel overdone unbalanced
(sticky lingering, off- tomato/herbal notes,
taste unpleasant pleasant
Conclusion: Sweetening agent derived MRPs can improve the mouth feel, enhance the flavor and harmonize the overall taste and aroma of low sugar vegetable juice such as Tomato Juice.
Test Yogurt, Joint opinion 8 tasters
Stevia-derived MRPs (ppm) Lot number 240-71-01
Product Flora Flavor
Sweetness (increase,
(potency, profile) modified)
Sweet taste, Typical for the
sugarlike, mouth product, fruity
feel acceptable (orange, cherry,
strawberry) and
milky/acidic
10 Slight change in Flavor more
sweetness intense, fresh
Fruit
perception notes, more
Cocktail
balanced
Yogurt
sweet/sour taste
(Commerci
50 More (too) sweet, Flavor more
al product,
mouth feel intense, fresh
NOM, 14 %
optimized notes, more
sugar)
balanced
sweet/sour taste,
harmonic
100 Too sweet, mouth Flavor more
feel increased intense, herbal
(more creamy) notes, optimum
balance sweet/sour taste, harmonic
200 Too sweet, Flavor more
lingering intense, too much herbal/ grassy notes, balanced sweet/sour taste, harmonic
500 Too sweet, Unpleasant, off- lingering, off-notes notes, sticky, over (stevia) flavored
Figure imgf000996_0001
Conclusion: Sweetening agent derived MRPs can improve the mouth feel, enhance the fruit flavor and harmonize the overall taste and aroma of no fat, less sugar flavored foods such as yogurt.
Test Sugar Free Orange Beverage , Joint opinion 8 test persons
Stevia-derived MRPs (ppm) Lot number 240-51-01
Product Tangerine Sweetness Flavor
(potency, profile) (increase, modified)
Artificial sweet, void Typical for the
(lack of mouth feel) product range,
slightly artificial, bitter/metallic, orange smell
50 Still artificial sweet, less Flavor more intense, void more fresh orange,
Sugar free,
less bitter/metallic, Orange Taste
harmonic
Brand Name
100 Traces of artificial Flavor more intense, Grobi
sweetness, improved more fresh orange,
(Sweetener:
mouth feel harmonic
Na-cyclamate,
sweet/sour balance, Acesulfam K,
no bitterness
Na-saccharine
200 Pleasant sugar-similar Flavor more intense, and
sweetness, mouth feel more fresh orange,
Aspartame)
substantially improved harmonic
sweet/sour balance, no bitterness
Conclusion: Sweetening agent-derived MRPs can improve the mouth feel, intensity of flavor and harmonize overall taste and aroma of added synthetic high intensity sweeteners in sugar free fruit-flavored beverage.
Test Cacao low fat milk , Joint opinion 8 test persons
Stevia-derived MRPs (ppm) Lot number 240-51-01
Product Chocolate Sweetness Flavor
(potency, profile) (increase, modified)
Cacao Slight Sweetness, void Typical for the prepared with (watery) taste product, bitter, cacao powder astringent
(Brand Sacher) 50 Slightly sweeter, still Less bitter, less in low fat milk void (watery) taste astringent, slight
0.9 % (Norn chocolate notes Fastenmilch) 100 Sweeter, less void Cacao/chocolate with S % Sugar (watery) taste smell and taste,
added bitter/sweet balance
200 Sweetness adequate, Harmonic cacao/
mouth feel substantially chocolate smell and improved taste, harmonic
bitter/sweet balance
Conclusion: Sweetening agent -derived MRPs can improve the mouth feel and harmonize the taste and aroma of low fat, low sugar Cacao Milk.
Example 1S4 Test with Standard MRPs as flavors
Preparation of standard MRPs used as is after reaction
Figure imgf000998_0001
Phe... phenylalanine, Thr... threonine, Glc... glucose, Xyl... xylose
Above flavors were added directly to the applications after the reaction and cooling rapidly (on ice).
1.1 Test 1
1000 ppm (=1 g/l) were added to plain yogurt (low fat 1 %, NOM Fasten), test results given are the joint opinion of 8 tasters. Method: For evaluation, the samples were tested by a panel of eight people. The panel was asked to determine the taste of each sample in comparison to a control sample without addition of the components described above. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then determine a description of the taste. Afterwards, another 7 tasters tasted the samples and the taste(s) was discussed among the testers to arrive at a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated. This test was used in the examples that follow.
Figure imgf000999_0001
[007246] The standard MRPs tested exerted a clear flavoring effect and a moderate flavor modifying effect.
[007247] Test 2
[007248] 1000 ppm (=1 g/l) were added to sparkling water (Romerquelle), test results given are the joint opinion of 8 tasters.
[007249] Method: The same as test 1 above.
Figure imgf001000_0001
[007250] The standard MRPs tested exerted a clear flavoring effect.
[007251] Test 3
[007252] 1000 ppm (=1 g/l) were added to green tea (tea bags, Teekanne, prepared according to instructions), test results given are the joint opinion of 8 tasters.
[007253] Method: The same as that of Test 1 above.
Figure imgf001000_0002
Figure imgf001001_0001
[007254] The standard MRPs tested exerted a clear flavoring effect and a moderate flavor modifying effect.
[007255] Example 135 Test with Standard MRPs as flavors
[007256] Preparation of standard MRPs used in a 1:10 dilution in glycerol after preparation.
Figure imgf001001_0002
[007257] Ala...alanine, Lys... lysine, Gin...glutamic acid
[007258] 1)... after dilution with glycerol
[007259] Test 1
[007260] Comparison of a mixture of single amino acid/xylose MRPs versus a combined reaction MRP
Figure imgf001001_0003
Figure imgf001002_0001
[007261] A mixture of single amino acid and single sugar MRPs (Phe+Xyl, Ala+Xyl, Lys+Xy, Gln+Xyl), yields a flavor and taste profile which is similar but distinguishable from a combined reaction of all amino acids with a single sugar (Phe+Ala+Lys+Gly+Xyl).
[007262] Test 2
[007263] Comparison of a mixture of single amino acid/xylose MRPs with a combined reaction MRP (1000 ppm after dilution added to sour cream with parsley, chive and garlic [sauce for oven baked potatoes])
Figure imgf001002_0002
Figure imgf001003_0001
[007264] A mixture of single amino acid and single sugar MRPs (Phe+Xyl, Ala+Xyl, Lys+Xy, Gln+Xyl), yields a flavor and taste profile which is similar but distinguishable from a combined reaction of all amino acids with a single sugar (Phe+Ala+Lys+Gly+Xyl).
[007265] Example 136 investigations for MRPs samples with/without stevia extract.
[007266] A series of samples were prepared and tested for antioxidant potential, sensory properties and the effect in various applications.
[007267] Stevia extract materials:
[007268] 1) RA20/SG(9)95;
[007269] 2) RA80/SG(9)95;
[007270] 3) Sample A: the compositions was as follows:
Figure imgf001003_0002
[007271] 4) Sample B: the composition was as follows:
Figure imgf001003_0003
Figure imgf001004_0001
[007272] Sample preparation:
[007273] Type "Floral": 0.67 g Xylose and 0.33 g phenylalanine were dissolved with or without 4 g RA20/SG(9)95 in 2.50 g deionized water. The solution was heated to 100 °C for 2 hours in a drying oven. After cooling to room temperature, the samples were diluted to 25 ml with water.
[007274] Type "Tangerine": 0.80 g galactose and 1.00 g glutamic acid were dissolved with or without 10.0 g Sample A in 4.00 g deionized water. The solution was heated to 100 °C for 2 hours in a drying oven. After cooling to room temperature, the samples were diluted to 25 ml with water.
[007275] Type "Popcorn: 1.00 g galactose and 0.50 g proline were dissolved with or without 3.5 g Sample A in 2.50 g deionized water. The solution was heated to 100 °C for 3 hours in a drying oven. After cooling to room temperature, the samples were diluted to 25 ml with water.
[007276] Type "Chocolate": 1.00 g xylose and 0.50 g valine were dissolved with or without 3.50 g RA80/SG(9)95 in 2.5g deionized water. 0.50 g propylene glycol were added to the reaction mixture. The solution was heated to 120 °C for 0.75 hours in a drying oven. After cooling to room temperature, the samples were diluted to 25 ml with water.
[007277] From the samples prepared with steviol-glycosides, powdered samples were obtained from EPC. (SG-MRP Flora Lot # 240-71-01, SG-MRP Tangerine Lot # 240-51-01, SG- MRP Popcorn Lot # 211-31-24, SG-MRP Chocolate Lot # 211-23-46). 500 mg of each samples was dissolved in 25 ml water and subjected to the tests.
[007278] DPPH Test for Anti-Oxidant Potential
[007279] A 0.1 mM solution of l,l-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPFT) was prepared in ethanol, calibration samples were prepared with Ascorbic acid in a concentration of 0-1 mg/mL in water; as a negative control sample water was used. The reacted samples were assayed after dilution with water. Powdered samples were weighed in and dissolved in water (500 mg/25 ml) and if applicable further diluted.
[007280] 0.2 ml sample (or calibration standard) solution was mixed with 0.2 ml solution of DPPH° (0.1 mM) and 3.6 ml methanol. The mixture was reacted -protected from light- at room temperature for 30 min. After 3 minutes the absorbance at 517 nm was obtained against ethanol. Quantification was performed by linear regression of calibration test results for ascorbic acid. The test results are given as ascorbic acid equivalents.
[007281] The following tables shows the test results for the DPPH test of the samples tested.
[007282] As seen in the first table below, the samples prepared with the steviol-glycosides Sample A and RA80/SG(9)95 yielded a massive increase in the anti-oxidant radical scavenging potential. The effect of RA20/TSG(9)95 could not be evaluated as Type Flora was also highly active without added steviol-glycosides.
[007283] As seen in the second table below, SG-MRP Flora and Chocolate show substantial anti-oxidant radical scavenging potential after being spray-dried. SG-MRP Tangerine and Popcorn loses its anti-oxidant radical scavenging potential during the drying procedure.
Anti-oxidant potential of samples prepared without/with steviol-glycosides Ascorbic acid equivalents (mg/ml)
Sample No Added Steviol-glycosides Added Steviol-glycosides
Flora 0.157 0.155
Tangerine <0.01 0.101
Popcorn <0.01 0.160
Chocolate <0.01 0.114
Anti-oxidant potential of powdered samples (500 mg/25 ml)
Sample Ascorbic acid equivalents
(mg/ml)
SG Flora 0.1S6
SG Tangerine 0.012
SG Popcorn <0.01
SG Chocolate 0.1S7 [007284] Iron reduction test for Anti-Oxidant Potential
[007285] 1ml sample (or calibration standard) solution) was mixed with 0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer (pH=6.6) and 1 ml Potassium ferric(lll)cyanide solution in water (1 % w/v) and incubated at 50 °C for 20 minutes. 10 % (v/v) Trichloroacetic acid was then added and 2 ml of the resulting solution was transferred to a 5 ml vial and 0.4 ml I ron-l 11-Chloride solution in water (0.1 % w/v) was added. The sample was incubated for 10 minutes and absorbance read at 700 nm against a water control. Calibration samples were prepared with Ascorbic acid in concentrations of 0-2mg/mL in 0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer (pH=6.6), as a negative control sample water was used.
[007286] Powdered samples were weighed and diluted in 0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer (pH=6.6). The final concentrations of the test samples were adjusted to fall within the calibration range.
[007287] Quantification was performed by linear regression of calibration test results for ascorbic acid. The test results are given as ascorbic acid equivalents.
[007288] The following shows the test results for the Iron reduction test of the samples tested.
[007289] Iron Reduction potential of powdered samples (500 mg/25 ml)
Sample Ascorbic acid equivalents
(mg/ml)
SG Flora 0.335
SG Tangerine <0.01
SG Popcorn <0.01
SG Chocolate 0.874
[007290] As can be noted, SG Flora and Chocolate show substantial active iron reduction potential while SG Tangerine and Popcorn did not possess a noticeable active iron reduction potential.
[007291] Sensory Analysis [007292] The samples prepared in-house were subjected to descriptive, sensory analysis for color, odor and taste. The results presented are the joint opinion of 5 test persons. Samples were tested immediately after reaction and cooling and after dilution with water. Figures 146a through 146j contain sensory analysis results for tests in final applications.
[007293] Method: For evaluation, the samples were tested by a panel of five people. The panel was asked to determine the taste of each sample in comparison to a control sample without addition of the components described above. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then determine a description of the taste. Afterwards, another 4 tasters tasted the samples and the taste(s) was discussed amongst the testers to arrive at a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[007294] Analytical Analysis
Figure imgf001007_0001
Injection 250 °C
Temperature
[007295] The following tables provide the results of the sensory analysis for all samples tested. Figures 147a and 147b show the results of SG-MRPs flavor threshold determination.
[007296] Sensory Analysis of samples prepared without/with steviol-glycosides immediately after reaction
Figure imgf001008_0001
[007297] Sensory Analysis of samples prepared without/with steviol-glycosides after dilution in water
Figure imgf001009_0002
[007298] Sensory Analysis of powdered MRP samples (500 mg/25 ml)
MRPs Color Odor Taste
Flora Amber Dried Flowers, Transient bitter,
Grass sweet, flowery
Tangerine Yellow Fruity Orange Transient bitter, sweet, citrus fruits
Popcorn Yellowish Popcorn, Transient bitter, caramel sweet, herbal,
Popcorn
Chocolate Brown Chocolate, Transient bitter, sweet,
Figure imgf001009_0001
chocolate/cacao [007299] In general it was concluded that the powdered samples are similar in color, odor and taste to the freshly prepared samples.
[007300] Analytical Analysis
[007301] The following table shows the flavor active components found by GC/MS in stevia extracts and in the SG-MRP samples.
[007302] Flavor active components detected in Stevia Extracts and MRPs samples (qualitative)
Figure imgf001010_0001
Figure imgf001011_0001
Figure imgf001012_0001
[007303] Example 137 Correlation between steviol glycosides and MRPs prepared thereof
[007304] Materials: refer to examples 36 and 54 for all samples used in this example.
[007305] Method: the correlation between steviol glycosides and MRPs prepared was established by using HPLC/MS investigations.
[007306] Figure 148a is a first HPLC chromatogram, UV/VIS detection 254 nm (indicative for non-steviol compounds) for the samples as tested.
[007307] Figure 148b is a second HPLC chromatogram, UV/VIS detection 254 nm (indicative for non-steviol compounds) for the samples as tested.
[007308] Figure 148c is a third HPLC chromatogram, UV/VIS detection 254 nm (indicative for non-steviol compounds) for the samples as tested.
[007309] Figure 148d is a chromatogram, ESI-MS detection neg. mode (m/z=349) for the samples as tested. [007310] Figures 149a through c shows ESI-MS spectra of 3 peaks related to the stevia extract of example 36, sample A and sample B (9.8, 10.8 and 12.3 minutes)
[007311] Figures 150a through c shows UV-VIS spectra of 2 peaks related to the stevia extract of example 36, sample A and sample B (9.8, 10.8 and 12.3 minutes).
[007312] From Figures 148-150, it can be seen that three peaks were detected in stevia extract of example 36, sample A, sample B as well as in the SG-MRP samples prepared thereof.
[007313] They don't appear in samples prepared without sample A and sample B (i.e. not even a small peak in SG-MRP Chocolate or Flora).
[007314] All 3 peaks are also observed in samples followed by 254 nm (indicative for a benzol ring as part of the molecule).
[007315] The ESI-MS spectra and UV spectra are identical in all the samples presented in Chromatogram 4 and 1, respectively.
[007316] Example 138: Combination of SG-MRP floral with sugar
[007317] Experimental:
[007318] Following test solutions were prepared with SG-MRP Floral:
Sample Number CaCI2 (g/l) MgCI2 (g/l Sugar (g/l) SG-MRP (g/l)
Έ Ϊ
#2 1 50
#3 1 0.1
#4 1 50 0.1
#5 - 1 - -
#6 1 50
#7 - 1 - 0.1
#8 _ - _ 1 _ 50 _ Ol _
[007319] Then the samples were tasted in 2 series. Series 1 was tasted by 5 test persons using a random order of the samples under usual conditions. Series 2 was tasted by the same 5 persons using a random order of the samples using a nose clamp to suppress nasal breathing while tasting. Method: For evaluation, the samples were tested by a panel of five people. The panel was asked to determine the taste of each sample in comparison to a control sample without addition of the components described above. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then determine a description of the taste. Afterwards, another 4 tasters tasted the samples and the taste(s) was discussed amongst the testers to arrive at a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[007320] Each sample was evaluated by the following six properties using a 3-point scale (Weak/None if applicable)/Medium/lntense or Slow/Medium/Quick for onset of sweetness): Metallic, Salty, Bitter, Astringent, Sweet, Lingering and Onset of sweetness.
[007321] Test results are as follows, and reported as median values:
Test series 1 under usual conditions:
Figure imgf001014_0001
Test series 2 with nose clip to suppress nasal breathing:
Figure imgf001014_0002
... None
[007322] As seen in the above Tables, SG-MRP and its combination with sugar reduced the metallic, salty and bitter taste perception when compared to an aqueous solution of the salts tested.
[007323] Example 139 Improvement of Probiotic Drink with TS-MRP
[007324] Materials: [007325] S-MRP-FL: lot # 240-71-01, available from EPC Natural Products Co., Ltd, China, prepared according to the method the same as Example 49
[007326] Thaumatin: available from EPC Natural Products Co., Ltd, China, lot # 20180801, the content of thaumatin is 10.74%.
[007327] TS-MRP-FL: the mixture of above S-MRP-FL and thaumatin with the weight ratio of 10:1 (S-MRP-FL/thaumatin).
[007328] Probiotic drink:
Figure imgf001015_0001
[007329] Experiments:
[007330] Recipe:
[007331] Yakult light with 75 ppm S-MRP-FL
[007332] Reference Sample I :
[007333] Yakult light (70% less sugar added)
[007334] Reference Sample II:
[007335] Yakult (full sugar added)
[007336] Results
[007337] Sensory properties
[007338] Reference I
Figure imgf001015_0002
[007339] Reference II
Figure imgf001016_0001
[007340] Recipe (compared to Reference I)
Figure imgf001016_0002
[007341] Recipe (compared to Reference II)
Figure imgf001016_0003
[007342] Conclusion:
[007343] When compared to the full sugar probiotic drink, the sugar reduced example has less mouth feel, was less sweet, more acidic and astrigent. It was surprising that when adding TS-MRP to sugar reduced probiotic drink, the mouth feel became full bodied and the acidic and sweet taste became harmonic. The taste profile had almost no difference in comparison to the full sugar example.
[007344] Examples 140-157. Improvement by MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to the taste and mouth feel of monk fruit extract
[007345] The sources of the monk fruit extract and MRP samples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf001017_0001
[007346] Example 140. the improvement of MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007347] Common process:
[007348] MRP-FL and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weights shown in Table 140-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007349] Table 140-1 the weight of MRP-FL and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001017_0002
Figure imgf001018_0002
[007350] Experiments
[007351] Several mixtures of MRP-FL and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 140-2.
[007352] Table 140-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001018_0001
[007353] Data analysis
[007354] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-FL in this example is shown in Figure 156.
[007355] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-FL in this example is shown in Figure 157.
[007356] Conclusion:
[007357] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to MRP-FL from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 1/0.3 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007358] Example 141. Improvement by MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007359] Common process:
[007360] MRP-CH and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 141-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007361] Table 141-1 the weight of MRP-CH and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001019_0001
Figure imgf001020_0001
[007362] Experiments
[007363] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 141-2.
[007364] Table 141-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001020_0002
[007365] Data analysis
[007366] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 158. [007367] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 159.
[007368] Conclusion:
[007369] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to MRP-CH from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.3 to 1/2, the products provided a very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007370] Example 142. Improvement by MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007371] Common process:
[007372] MRP-CI and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 142-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007373] Table 142-1 the weight of MRP-CI and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001021_0001
[007374] Experiments
[007375] Several mixtures of MRP-CI and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 142-2.
[007376] Table 142-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001022_0001
[007377] Data analysis
[007378] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 160.
[007379] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 161.
[007380] Conclusion: [007381] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to MRP-CI from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.3 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion could be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007382] Example 143. Improvement by S-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007383] Common process:
[007384] S-MRP-FL and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 143-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007385] Table 143-1 the weight of S-MRP-FL and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001023_0001
[007386] Experiments
[007387] Several mixtures of S-MRP-FL and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 143-2.
[007388] Table 143-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001024_0001
[007389] Data analysis
[007390] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-FL in this example is shown in Figure 162.
[007391] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-FL in this example is shown in Figure 163.
[007392] Conclusion:
[007393] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-FL from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.3 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007394] Example 144. Improvement by S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007395] Common process:
[007396] S-MRP-CH and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 144-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007397] Table 144-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001025_0001
[007398] Experiments
[007399] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 144-2.
[007400] Table 144-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001026_0001
[007401] Data analysis
[007402] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 164.
[007403] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 165.
[007404] Conclusion:
[007405] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CH from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.3 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007406] Example 145. Improvement by S-MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007407] Common process:
[007408] S-MRP-CI and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 145-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007409] Table 145-1 the weight of S-MRP-CI and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001027_0001
[007410] Experiments
[007411] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CI and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 145-2. [007412] Table 145-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001028_0001
[007413] Data analysis
[007414] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 166.
[007415] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 167.
[007416] Conclusion:
[007417] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to S-MRP-CI from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.5 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007418] Example 146. Improvement by TS-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007419] Common process: [007420] TS-MRP-FL and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 146-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007421] Table 146-1 the weight of TS-MRP-FL and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001029_0001
[007422] Experiments
[007423] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-FL and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 146-2.
[007424] Table 146-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001029_0002
Figure imgf001030_0001
[007425] Data analysis
[007426] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-FL in this example is shown in Figure 168.
[007427] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-FL in this example is shown in Figure 169.
[007428] Conclusion:
[007429] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-FL from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.3 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007430] Example 147. Improvement by TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007431] Common process:
[007432] TS-MRP-CH and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 147-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37. [007433] Table 147-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CH and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001031_0001
[007434] Experiments
[007435] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 147-2.
[007436] Table 147-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001031_0002
Figure imgf001032_0001
[007437] Data analysis
[007438] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 170.
[007439] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 171.
[007440] Conclusion:
[007441] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CH from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.5 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007442] Example 148. Improvement by TS-MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V50
[007443] Common process:
[007444] TS-MRP-CI and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 148-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007445] Table 148-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CI and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001032_0002
Figure imgf001033_0001
[007446] Experiments
[007447] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CI and mogroside V50 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V50 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 148-2.
[007448] Table 148-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001033_0002
[007449] Data analysis
[007450] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 172.
[007451] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 17S.
[007452] Conclusion:
[007453] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 50% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V50 to TS-MRP-CI from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.5 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007454] Example 149. Improvement by MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007455] Common process:
[007456] MRP-CH and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 149-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007457] Table 149-1 the weight of MRP-CH and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001034_0001
Figure imgf001035_0001
[007458] Experiments
[007459] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 149-2.
[007460] Table 149-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001035_0002
[007461] Data analysis
[007462] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 174. [007463] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 175.
[007464] Conclusion:
[007465] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to MRP-CH from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.3 to 1/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007466] Example 150. Improvement by MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007467] Common process:
[007468] MRP-CA and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 150-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007469] Table 150-1 the weight of MRP-CA and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001036_0001
[007470] Experiments [007471] Several mixtures of MRP-CA and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 150-2.
[007472] Table 150-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001037_0001
[007473] Data analysis
[007474] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CA in this example is shown in Figure 176.
[007475] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CA in this example is shown in Figure 177.
[007476] Conclusion:
[007477] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to MRP-CA from 1/0.01 to 1/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.5 to 1/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007478] Example 151. Improvement by MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007479] Common process:
[007480] MRP-CI and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared s according to the weights shown in Table 151-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007481] Table 151-1 the weight of MRP-CI and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001038_0001
[007482] Experiments
[007483] Several mixtures of MRP-CI and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to
10B7 say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 151-2.
[007484] Table 151-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001039_0001
[007485] Data analysis
[007486] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 178.
[007487] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 179.
[007488] Conclusion:
[007489] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to MRP-CI from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.5 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract. [007490] Example 152. Improvement by S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007491] Common process:
[007492] S-MRP-CH and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 152-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007493] Table 152-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001040_0001
[007494] Experiments
[007495] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 152-2.
[007496] Table 152-2 the score in sensory evaluation
10B9
Figure imgf001041_0001
[007497] Data analysis
[007498] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 180.
[007499] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 181.
[007500] Conclusion:
[007501] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CH from 1/0.01 to 1/3 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.5 to 1/3, the products provided very good taste (score near or beyond 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007502] Example 153. Improvement by S-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007503] Common process: [007504] S-MRP-CA and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 153-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007505] Table 153-1 the weight of S-MRP-CA and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001042_0001
[007506] Experiments
[007507] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CA and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 153-2.
[007508] Table 153-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001042_0002
Figure imgf001043_0001
[007509] Data analysis
[007510] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CA in this example is shown in Figure 182.
[007511] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CA in this example is shown in Figure 183.
[007512] Conclusion:
[007513] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CA from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.7 to 1/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007514] Example 154. Improvement by S-MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007515] Common process:
[007516] S-MRP-CI and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 154-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007517] Table 154-1 the weight of S-MRP-CI and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001043_0002
Figure imgf001044_0001
[007518] Experiments
[007519] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CI and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 154-2.
[007520] Table 154-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001044_0002
[007521] Data analysis [007522] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 184.
[007523] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 185.
[007524] Conclusion:
[007525] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to S-MRP-CI from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.7 to 1/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007526] Example 155. Improvement by TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007527] Common process:
[007528] TS-MRP-CH and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 155-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007529] Table 155-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CH and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001045_0001
Figure imgf001046_0001
Figure imgf001046_0003
[007530] Experiments
[007531] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 155-2.
[007532] Table 155-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001046_0002
[007533] Data analysis
[007534] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 186. [007535] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CH in this example is shown in Figure 187.
[007536] Conclusion:
[007537] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CH from 1/0.01 to 1/4 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/1 to 1/2, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007538] Example 156. Improvement by TS-MRP-CA to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007539] Common process:
[007540] TS-MRP-CA and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 156-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007541] Table 156-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CA and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001047_0001
[007542] Experiments [007543] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CA and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 156-2.
[007544] Table 156-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001048_0001
[007545] Data analysis
[007546] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CA in this example is shown in Figure 188.
[007547] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CA in this example is shown in Figure 189.
[007548] Conclusion:
[007549] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CA from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 1/0.7 to 1/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007550] Example 157. Improvement by TS-MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of mogroside V20
[007551] Common process:
[007552] TS-MRP-CI and mogroside V20 were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 157-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007553] Table 157-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CI and mogroside V20
Figure imgf001049_0001
[007554] Experiments
[007555] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CI and mogroside V20 were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of mogroside V20 in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 157-2.
[007556] Table 157-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001050_0001
[007557] Data analysis
[007558] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 190.
[007559] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CI in this example is shown in Figure 191.
[007560] Conclusion:
[007561] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a monk fruit extract composition which comprises no less than 20% of mogroside. All ranges in tested ratios of mogroside V20 to TS-MRP-CI from 1/0.01 to 1/2 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio is 1/0.9, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of monk fruit extract.
[007562] Examples 158-166. The improvement by MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to the taste and mouth feel of Sweet tea extract
[007563] The sources of the sweet tea extract and MRP samples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf001051_0001
[007564] Example 158. Improvement by MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007565] Common process:
[007566] MRP-CH, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 158-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 158-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007567] Table 158-1 the weight of MRP-CH, and RU
Figure imgf001052_0001
[007568] Experiments
[007569] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 158-2.
[007570] Table 158-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001052_0002
[007571] Data analysis
[007572] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RU in this example is shown in Figure 192.
[007573] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of MRP-CH to RU in this example is shown in Figure 193.
[007574] Conclusion:
[007575] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CH to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.3/1 to 2/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract.
[007576] Example 159. Improvement of MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007577] Common process:
[007578] MRP-FL, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weight shown in Table 159-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amounts shown in Table 159-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007579] Table 159-1 the weight of MRP-FL, and RU
Figure imgf001053_0001
Figure imgf001054_0001
[007580] Experiments
[007581] Several mixtures of MRP-FL and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 152-2.
[007582] Table 159-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001054_0002
[007583] Data analysis
[007584] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RU in this example is shown in Figure 194.
[007585] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RU in this example is shown in Figure 195. [007586] Conclusion:
[007587] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-FL to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.1/1 to 2/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract.
[007588] Example 160. Improvement by MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007589] Common process:
[007590] MRP-CI, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 160-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 160-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007591] Table 160-1 the weight of MRP-CI, and RU
Figure imgf001055_0001
[007592] Experiments
[007593] Several mixtures of MRP-CI and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 160-2.
[007594] Table 160-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001056_0001
[007595] Data analysis
[007596] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CI to RU in this example is shown in Figure 196.
[007597] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of MRP-CI to RU in this example is shown in Figure 197.
[007598] Conclusion:
[007599] The results showed that MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CI to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.3/1 to 2/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract. [007600] Example 161. Improvement by S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007601] Common process:
[007602] S-MRP-CH, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 161-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 161-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007603] Table 161-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH, and RU
Figure imgf001057_0001
[007604] Experiments
[007605] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 161-2.
[007606] Table 161-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001058_0001
[007607] Data analysis
[007608] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP- CH to RU in this example is shown in Figure 198.
[007609] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to RU in this example is shown in Figure 199.
[007610] Conclusion:
[007611] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-CH to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.3/1 to 2/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract.
[007612] Example 162. Improvement of S-MRP-FL by the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007613] Common process:
[007614] S-MRP-FL, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 162-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 162-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007615] Table 162-1 the weight of S-MRP-FL, and RU
Figure imgf001059_0001
[007616] Experiments
[007617] Several mixtures of S-MRP-FL and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 162-2.
[007618] Table 162-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001059_0002
Figure imgf001060_0001
[007619] Data analysis
[007620] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-FL to RU in this example is shown in Figure 200.
[007621] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of S-MRP-FL to RU in this example is shown in Figure 201.
[007622] Conclusion:
[007623] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-FL to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.3/1 to 2/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract.
[007624] Example 163. Improvement by S-MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007625] Common process:
[007626] S-MRP-CI, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 163-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 163-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37. [007627] Table 163-1 the weight of S-MRP-CI, and RU
Figure imgf001061_0001
[007628] Experiments
[007629] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CI and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 163-2.
[007630] Table 163-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001061_0002
Figure imgf001062_0001
[007631] Data analysis
[007632] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CI to RU in this example is shown in Figure 202.
[007633] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of S-MRP-CI to RU in this example is shown in Figure 203.
[007634] Conclusion:
[007635] The results showed that S-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-CI to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.3/1 to 2/1, the products provide very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract.
[007636] Example 164. Improvement by TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007637] Common process:
[007638] TS-MRP-CH, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 164-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 164-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007639] Table 164-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CH, and RU
Figure imgf001062_0002
Figure imgf001063_0001
[007640] Experiments
[007641] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 164-2.
[007642] Table 164-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001063_0002
[007643] Data analysis
[007644] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- CH to RU in this example is shown in Figure 204.
[007645] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to RU in this example is shown in Figure 205.
[007646] Conclusion:
[007647] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CH to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.3/1 to 2/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract.
[007648] Example 165. Improvement by TS-MRP-FL to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007649] Common process:
[007650] TS-MRP-FL, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 165-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 165-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007651] Table 165-1 the weight of TS-MRP-FL, and RU
Figure imgf001064_0001
Figure imgf001065_0001
[007652] Experiments
[007653] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-FL and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 165-2.
[007654] Table 165-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001065_0002
[007655] Data analysis
[007656] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- FL to RU in this example is shown in Figure 206. [007657] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of TS-MRP-FL to RU in this example is shown in Figure 207.
[007658] Conclusion:
[007659] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-FL to RU from 0.01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.3/1 to 2/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract.
[007660] Example 166. Improvement by TS-MRP-CI to the taste and mouth feel of RU
[007661] Common process:
[007662] TS-MRP-CI, and RU were weighed and uniformly prepared according to the weights shown in Table 166-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 166-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouth feel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007663] Table 166-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CI, and RU
Figure imgf001066_0001
[007664] Experiments [007665] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CI and RU were prepared in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture was as follows. It should be noted that according to the sensory evaluation method, the evaluation of the mouth feel and the sweet profile is based on the iso-sweetness. That is to say, in these evaluations, the concentration of RU in the sample solution was the same, 500 ppm. The results are shown in Table 166-2.
[007666] Table 166-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001067_0001
[007667] Data analysis
[007668] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- CI to RU in this example is shown in Figure 208.
[007669] The relationship between the overall like results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CI to RU in this example is shown in Figure 209.
[007670] Conclusion: [007671] The results showed that TS-MRPs could significantly improve the taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of a sweet tea extract composition which comprises rubusoside. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CI to RU from 0. 01/1 to 2/1 had good taste (overall like score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges from 0.3/1 to 2/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). The conclusion could be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouth feel of sweet tea extract.
[007672] Example 167. The synergistic effect of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to flavor
[007673] Materials
Figure imgf001068_0001
Figure imgf001069_0001
[007674] Method
[007675] The flavor, MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP was dissolved into pure water, respectively. The solution was diluted with pure water to make several diluents with different concentrations. The threshold perception levels of the flavor, MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP, were determined by sensory evaluation.
[007676] Flavored solutions with the concentration of threshold perception level were prepared. MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP were added to the solution so that its concentration was kept below its threshold concentration perception level.
[007677] It was determined whether the solution presented flavor by sensory evaluation to determine whether MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP had a synergistic effect with the flavor.
[007678] Results
[007679] The threshold perception levels of flavor, MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP are listed in the table below.
Figure imgf001069_0002
Figure imgf001070_0001
[007680] The results of sensory evaluation of the flavors after adding MRP, S-MRP or TS- MRP are as follow.
[007681] Note that "V" means the flavor can be perceived while "x" means the flavor cannot be perceived. means the evaluation was not conducted.
Figure imgf001071_0001
[007682] Conclusion :
[007683] From the above sensory evaluation results, it was surprisingly found that when MRP, S-MRP, or TS-MRP was used under its threshold perception level, some or all of the thresholds of the flavors can be reduced. There is a clear synergistic effect of MRP, S-MRP, or TS-MRP to flavors. The synergistic effect of S-MRP to flavor is particularly significant.
[007684] Examples 168-170. The Synergistic effect and taste improvement of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to thickeners
[007685] The materials used in the follow examples are listed in the table below.
Figure imgf001072_0001
[007686] Example 168. The Synergistic effect and taste improvement of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to Carrageenan
[007687] Method
[007688] Carrageenan was added to pure water to prepare several carrageenan solutions with a concentration gradient as standard solutions for judging the degree of kokumi of the carrageenan solutions. [007689] A carrageenan solution was prepared at a concentration of 400 ppm. Different amounts of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP were added to the solution such that the concentration of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP in the solution was 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm or 150 ppm.
[007690] The degree of kokumi of the mixture solution was judged along with the odor masking effect, etc. by sensory evaluation to determine whether MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP had a synergistic effect and/or a taste improvement effect on carrageenan. Method: For evaluation of the degree of kokumi, the sample solutions (described above) were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to taste the sample solutions and compare them to standard solutions (described above) to judge which standard solution the degree of kokumi of sample solution is similar to. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then made judgment. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the judgments were discussed openly to find a suitable description. In the case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[007691] Results
[007692] The evaluation results in the table below are for the concentrations of carrageenan corresponding to the degree of kokumi solution after adding MRP, S-MRP or TS- MRP to a 400 ppm carrageenan solution.
Figure imgf001073_0001
[007693] Conclusion [007694] When a thickener such as carrageenan is used, it is generally found that in various food and beverage applications, full mouth feel (kokumi) can be obtained by using a certain concentration of thickener. However, the viscosity of the material will also increase significantly. At the same time, the thickener is usually used at a higher concentration in order to obtain full mouth feel. But at such high concentrations (for example, when the concentration of carrageenan exceeds 1000 ppm), the appearance of taste like starch paste can be clearly felt.
[007695] From the sensory evaluation results of this Example, it was surprisingly found that MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP had a significant synergistic effect on the kokumi of a thickener such as carrageenan. While significantly increasing the full mouth feel, the use of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP did not significantly increase the viscosity of the solution. At the same time, using MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP, the amount of carrageenan was significantly reduced while an equivalent kokumi feeling was achieved, so that the taste of the starch paste was not felt in the final application, thereby significantly improving the overall taste of the materials.
[007696] Example 169. The Synergistic effect and taste improvement of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to Gellan gum
[007697] Method
[007698] Gellan gum was added to pure water to prepare several gellan gum solutions with a concentration gradient as standard solutions for judging the degree of kokumi of the gellan gum solutions.
[007699] A gellan gum solution was prepared at a concentration of 400 ppm. Different amounts of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP were added to the solution such that the concentration of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP in the solution was 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm or 150 ppm.
[007700] The degree of kokumi of the mixture solution was judged along with the odor masking effect, etc. by sensory evaluation to determine whether MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP had a synergistic effect and/or a taste improvement effect on gellan gum. Method: For evaluation of the degree of kokumi, the sample solutions (described above) were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to taste the sample solutions and compare them to standard solutions (described above) to judge which standard solution the degree of kokumi of sample solution is similar to. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was
107B allowed to re-taste, and then made judgment. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the judgments were discussed openly to find a suitable description. In the case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[007701] Results
[007702] The evaluation results in the table below are the concentrations of gellan gum corresponding to the degree of kokumi solution after adding MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to a 400 ppm gellan gum solution.
Figure imgf001075_0001
[007703] Conclusion
[007704] When a thickener such as gellan gum is used, it is generally found that in various food and beverage applications, full mouth feel (kokumi) can be obtained by using a certain concentration of thickener. However, the viscosity of the material will also increase significantly. At the same time, the thickener is usually used at a higher concentration in order to obtain full mouth feel. But at such high concentrations (for example, when the concentration of gellan gum exceeds 1400 ppm), the appearance of a taste like starch paste can be clearly felt.
[007705] From the sensory evaluation results of this Example, it was surprisingly found that MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP had a significant synergistic effect on the kokumi of a thickener such as gellan gum. While significantly increasing the full mouth feel, the use of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP did not significantly increase the viscosity of the solution. At the same time, using MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP, the amount of gellan gum was significantly reduced while an equivalent kokumi feeling was achieved, so that the taste of the starch paste was not felt in the final application, thereby significantly improving the overall taste of the materials.
[007706] Example. 170 The Synergistic effect and taste improvement of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to Tamarind gum
[007707] Method
[007708] Tamarind gum was added to pure water to prepare several Tamarind gum solutions with a concentration gradient as standard solutions for judging the degree of kokumi of the Tamarind gum solutions.
[007709] A Tamarind gum solution was prepared at a concentration of 400 ppm. Different amounts of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP were added to the solution such that the concentration of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP in the solution was 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm or 150 ppm.
[007710] The degree of kokumi of the mixture solution was judged along with the odor masking effect, etc. by sensory evaluation to determine whether MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP had a synergistic effect and/or a taste improvement effect on Tamarind gum.
[007711] Method: For evaluation of the degree of kokumi, the sample solutions (described above) were tested by a panel of four people. The panel was asked to taste the sample solutions and compare them to standard solutions (described above) to judge which standard solution the degree of kokumi of sample solution is similar to. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The tester was allowed to re-taste, and then made judgment. Afterwards, another S tasters tasted and the judgments were discussed openly to find a suitable description. In the case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[007712] Results
[007713] The evaluation results in the table below are the concentrations of Tamarind gum corresponding to the degree of kokumi solution after adding MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to a 400 ppm Tamarind gum solution.
Figure imgf001077_0001
[007714] Conclusion
[007715] When a thickener such as Tamarind gum is used, it is generally found that in various food and beverage applications, full mouth feel (kokumi) can be obtained by using a certain concentration of thickener. However, the viscosity of the material will also increase significantly. At the same time, the thickener is usually used at a higher concentration in order to obtain full mouth feel. But at such high concentrations (for example, when the concentration of Tamarind gum exceeds 1400 ppm), the appearance of a taste like starch paste can be clearly felt.
[007716] From the sensory evaluation results of this Example, it was surprisingly found that MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP had a significant synergistic effect on the kokumi of a thickener such as Tamarind gum. While significantly increasing the full mouth feel, the use of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP did not significantly increase the viscosity of the solution. At the same time, using MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP, the amount of Tamarind gum was significantly reduced when the same kokumi feeling was achieved, so that the taste of the starch paste was not felt in the final application, thereby significantly improving the overall taste of the materials.
[007717] Example 171. The taste improvement by MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP with 100% juice
[007718] Materials
Figure imgf001078_0001
[007719] Method
[007720] MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP was added to the commercial product Agrose® 100% orange juice. The taste difference between the original juice and the juice with MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP was compared by sensory evaluation to judge whether MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP improved the taste of 100% juice drinks. Method: the samples were evaluated by a panel of 4 persons. The panel was asked to describe the taste profile according to the factors of acidic, bitter, and astringent taste. The intensity of the factors is shown by six levels, for none, "+" for very slight, "++" for slight, "+++" for moderate, "++++" for strong, and "+++++" for very strong.
[007721] Results
[007722] MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP was added to the commercial product Agrose® 100% orange juice to prepare concentrations of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to SOOpp (MRP), 200ppm (S- MRP) or lOOppm (TS-MRP). The results of sensory evaluation are as follow.
Figure imgf001078_0002
Figure imgf001079_0001
[007723] Conclusion:
[007724] From the results of the sensory evaluation described above, it was surprisingly found that the effect of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP on the taste improvement of 100% juice was very significant. After adding MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP, the caloric content of the juice hardly changed; however, the taste was significantly improved, especially the inhibition effect of the bitterness of the orange juice was very significant. Addition of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to other juice drinks, such as apple juice, grape juice, tomato juice, grapefruit juice, cranberry juice, peach juice, pomegranate juice or coconut juice, can also achieve the similar improvement in taste.
[007725] Example 172. Taste improvement by MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP with sugar free yogurt
[007726] Materials
Figure imgf001079_0002
[007727] Method
[007728] Into the commercial product Jian Ai® no sugar added yogurt, RD was added as a sweetener to obtain a control sample of sugar-free yoghurt. MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP was added to the above control sugar-free yoghurt to obtain a test sample. The taste of the control and test samples were evaluated as to whether MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP improved the taste of the yogurt drinks. The formulations of the samples are shown in Table 172-1.
[007729] 172-1 formulations of yogurt
Figure imgf001080_0001
[007730] Results
[007731] Each sample was evaluated and the taste profile of samples are shown in table 172-2.
[007732] Table 172-2 sensory evaluation of yogurt
Figure imgf001080_0002
[007733] Conclusion
[007734] From the above sensory evaluation results, it was surprisingly found that the effect of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP on the taste improvement of the sugar-free yogurt was very remarkable. After adding MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to the yogurt, the taste of the sugar-free yogurt using Rebaudioside D as a sweetener was significantly improved, especially with regard to improvement of mouth feel, the suppression of the sweet lingering and the metallic aftertaste. The addition of MRP, S-MRP or TS-MRP to sugar-free yogurt with other natural or artificial high-intensity sweeteners can also improve the taste of the yogurt.
[007735] Examples 173-177. The taste improvement of TS-MRP with commercial sugar free drinks
[007736] TS-MRP used in follow examples are list in the table below.
Figure imgf001081_0001
[007737] Example 173. Taste improvement of TS-MRP on a fat-blocking carbonated drink
[007738] Fat-blocking carbonated drink :
[007739] KIRIN Mets COLA, available from Kirin Holdings Company, Japan.
[007740] Ingredients: Sparingly digestible dextrin, carbonate, caramel color, flavor, acidulant, sweetener (aspartame · L-phenylalanine compound, acesulfame, sucralose), calcium gluconate, caffeine
[007741] Samples
[007742] A specific amount of TS-MRP powder was dissolved in a fat-blocking carbonated drink. The details are as follow.
Figure imgf001081_0002
[007743] Evaluation
[007744] All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 9 persons. The evaluation results were as follow.
Figure imgf001082_0001
[007745] Conclusion
[007746] For a fat-blocking carbonated drink that includes high-intensity sweeteners as sweeteners, there was a general lack of full body mouth feel, as well as very serious sweet lingering and bitterness, metallic or other bad tastes present. TS-MRP was used as a sweetness enhancer and a mouth feel improver in such a fat-blocking carbonated drink, and the formulation significantly improved the original defects, and the acceptability of the improved product was remarkably increased.
[007747] Example 174. Taste improvement of TS-MRP on ready to drink coffee drink
[007748] Ready to drink coffee drink
[007749] Mt. RAINIER (Caffe Latte Non-sugar), available from Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.
[007750] Ingredients: coffee, malto-oligosaccharides, dairy products, milk proteins, salt, flavor, emulsifier, sweeteners (Acesulfame, sucralose)
[007751] Samples [007752] A specific amount of TS-MRP powder was dissolved in a ready to drink coffee drink. The details were as follow.
Figure imgf001083_0001
[007753] Evaluation
[007754] All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 9 persons. The evaluation results were as follow.
Figure imgf001083_0002
[007755] Conclusion
[007756] For a ready to drink coffee drink using high-intensity sweeteners as a sweetener, there was a general lack of full body mouth feel and milky flavor, as well as very serious sweet lingering and bitterness, metallic or other bad tastes. TS-MRP was used as a sweetness enhancer and a mouth feel improver in such a ready to drink coffee drink, and the formulation significantly improved the original defects, and the acceptability of the improved product was remarkably increased. [007757] Example 175. Taste improvement of TS-MRP on non-alcoholic beer
[007758] Non-alcohol beer
[007759] ASAHI Healthy Style Non-alcohol beer, available from AHAHI, Japan.
[007760] Ingredients: Sparingly digestible dextrin, soybean peptide, carbonate, flavors, stabilizer (soybean polysaccharides), acidulant, caramel color, vitamin C, sweetener (Acesulfame)
[007761] Samples
[007762] A specific amount of TS-MRP powder was dissolved in a non-alcoholic beer. The details were as follow.
Figure imgf001084_0001
[007763] Evaluation
[007764] All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 9 persons. The evaluation results were as follow.
Figure imgf001084_0002
[007765] Conclusion
[007766] For non-alcoholic beer using high-intensity sweeteners as a sweetener, there was a general lack of full body mouth feel and flavor, as well as very serious bitterness, acid or other bad tastes. TS-MRP was used as a mouth feel improver in such a non-alcoholic beer, and
108B the formulation significantly improved the original defects, and the acceptability of the improved product was remarkably increased.
[007767] Example 176. Taste improvement of TS-MRP on a Japanese cocktail drink
[007768] Japanese cocktail drink :
[007769] KIRIN HYOKETSU STRONG (Grapefruit), available from Kirin Holdings Company, Japan.
[007770] Ingredients: Grapefruit, Vodka, Acidic ingredients, flavor, sweeteners
(acesulfame, sucralose)
[007771] Samples
[007772] A specific amount of TS-MRP powder was dissolved in a ready to drink Japanese cocktail drink. The details were as follow.
Figure imgf001085_0001
[007773] Evaluation
[007774] All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 9 persons. The evaluation results were as follow.
Figure imgf001085_0002
[007775] Conclusion
[007776] For a cocktail drink using high-intensity sweeteners as sweetener, there is a general lack of full body mouth feel, poor flavor coordination, as well as very serious acidic or other bad tastes. TS-MRP was used as a mouth feel improver in such a cocktail drink, and the formulation significantly improved the original defects, the intensity of the alcohol flavor was also enhanced, the coordination of flavors in the cocktail drink was better and the acceptability of the improved product was remarkably increased.
[007777] Example 177. Taste improvement of TS-MRP on protein shake
[007778] Protein shake :
[007779] MEIJI SAVAS Whey Protein 100 (Cocoa), available from Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan.
[007780] Ingredients: whey protein, cocoa powder, dextrin, vegetable oil, salt, emulsifier, vitamin C, flavors, thickeners (Pullulan), sweeteners (Acesulfame, sucralose), etc.
[007781] Samples
[007782] A specific amount of TS-MRP powder was dissolved in a protein shake. The details were as follow.
Figure imgf001086_0001
[007783] Evaluation
[007784] All the samples were evaluated by a panel of 9 persons. The evaluation results were as follow.
Figure imgf001087_0001
[007785] Conclusion
[007786] For a protein shake using high-intensity sweeteners as a sweetener, there are general bad tastes such as sweet lingering, the flavor is not strong and the palatability is poor. TS-MRP was used as a mouth feel improver in such a sugar-free protein shake, and the formulation significantly improved the original defects, and the acceptability of the improved product was remarkably increased.
[007787] Examples 178-183 provide the improvement of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to the taste and mouthfeel of stevia extract
[007788] The sources of the stevia extract and MRP samples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf001087_0002
Figure imgf001088_0001
[007789] Example 178 the improvement of MRP-FL to the taste and mouthfeel of RA90/RD7+RM (1:9)
[007790] Common process:
[007791] Dissolve lg MRP-FL into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% MRP-FL solution. Prepare 1% RA90/RD7 solution and 1% RM solution by the similar method. The solution of MRP-FL, RA90/RD7 and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 178-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007792] Table 178-1 the weight of MRP-FL, RA90/RD7 and RM
Figure imgf001088_0002
[007793] Experiments [007794] Several mixtures of MRP-FL, RA90/RD7 and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 178-2.
[007795] Table 178-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001089_0001
[007796] Data analysis
The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RA90/RD7+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 228.
[007797] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-FL to RA90/RD7+RM(1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 229.
[007798] Conclusions:
[007799] The results showed that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-FL to RA90/RD7+RM(1:9) from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 90/10, the products provide very good taste (score > 3). This example further demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007800] Example 179 the improvement of S-MRP-PC to the taste and mouthfeel of RA90/RD7+RM (5:5)
[007801] Common process:
[007802] Dissolve lg S-MRP-PC into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% S-MRP-PC solution. Prepare 1% RA90/RD7 solution and 1% RM solution by the similar method. The solution of S- MRP-PC, RA90/RD7 and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 179-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007803] Table 179-1 the weight of S-MRP-PC, RA90/RD7 and RM
Figure imgf001090_0001
[007804] Experiments
[007805] Several mixtures of S-MRP-PC, RA90/RD7 and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 179-2.
[007806] Table 179-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001091_0001
[007807] Data analysis
[007808] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA90/RD7+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 230.
[007809] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-PC to RA90/RD7+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 231.
[007810] Conclusions:
[007811] The results showed that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-PC to RA90/RD7+RM(1:9) from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 99/1, the products provide very good taste (score > 3). This example further demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007812] Example 180 the improvement of TS-MRP-CA to the taste and mouthfeel of RA90/RD7+RM (9:1)
[007813] Common process:
[007814] Dissolve lg TS-MRP-CA into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% TS-MRP-CA solution. Prepare 1% RA90/RD7 solution and 1% RM solution by the similar method. The solution of TS- MRP-CA, RA90/RD7 and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 180-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007815] Table 180-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CA, RA90/RD7 and RM
Figure imgf001092_0001
[007816] Experiments
[007817] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CA, RA90/RD7 and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 180-2.
[007818] Table 180-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001093_0001
[007819] Data analysis
[007820] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP- CA to RA90/RD7+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 232.
[007821] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CA to RA90/RD7+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 233.
[007822] Conclusions:
[007823] The results showed that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A, rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CA to RA90/RD7+RM(9:1) from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). This example further demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007824] Example 181 the improvement of MRP-CA to the taste and mouthfeel of RA80/RB10/RD6 +RM(1:9)
[007825] Common process:
[007826] Dissolve lg MRP-CA into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% MRP-CA solution. Prepare 1% RA80/RB10/RD6 solution and 1% RM solution by the similar method. The solution of MRP-CA, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 181-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
109B Doc
[007827] Table 181-1 the weight of M RP-CA, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM
Figure imgf001095_0001
[007828] Experiments
[007829] Several mixtures of M RP-CA, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in
Table 181-2.
[007830] Table 181-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001095_0002
Doc
Figure imgf001096_0001
[007831] Data analysis
The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 234.
[007832] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CA to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (1:9) in this example is as shown in Figure 235.
[007833] Conclusions:
[007834] The results showed that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CA to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM(1:9) from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). This example further demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007835] Example 182 the improvement of S-MRP-PC to the taste and mouthfeel of RA80/RB10/RD6 +RM(5:5)
[007836] Common process:
[007837] Dissolve lg S-MRP-PC into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% S-MRP-PC solution. Prepare 1% RA80/RB10/RD6 solution and 1% RM solution by the similar method. The solution of S-MRP-PC, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 182-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007838] Table 182-1 the weight of S-MRP-PC, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM
Figure imgf001096_0002
Doc
Figure imgf001097_0001
[007839] Experiments
[007840] Several mixtures of S-MRP-PC, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in
Table 182-2.
[007841] Table 182-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001097_0002
[007842] Data analysis Doc
[007843] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-M RP-PC to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 236.
[007844] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-M RP-PC to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (5:5) in this example is as shown in Figure 237.
[007845] Conclusions:
[007846] The results showed that S-M RPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-PC to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM(5:5) from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 20/80 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). This example demonstrates that S-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007847] Example 183 the improvement of TS-MRP-FL to the taste and mouthfeel of RA80/RB10/RD6 +RM(9:1)
[007848] Common process:
[007849] Dissolve lg TS-M RP-FL into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% TS-MRP- FL solution. Prepare 1% RA80/RB10/RD6 solution and 1% RM solution by the similar method. The solution of TS-MRP-FL, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 183-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
Doc
Table 183-1 the weight of TS-MRP-FL, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM
Figure imgf001099_0001
[007850] Experiments
[007851] Several mixtures of TS-M RP-FL, RA80/RB10/RD6 and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 183-2.
[007852] Table 183-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001099_0002
Doc
Figure imgf001100_0001
[007853] Data analysis
[007854] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-M RP-FL to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 238.
[007855] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-M RP-FL to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM (9:1) in this example is as shown in Figure 239.
[007856] Conclusions:
[007857] The results showed that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-M RP-FL to RA80/RB10/RD6+RM(9:1) from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007858] Example 184 preparation of glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSG)
Common process:
[007859] 40g Tapioca dextrin was dissolved in 400ml water;
[007860] 40g stevia extract was added to liquefied dextrin to obtain a mixture;
[007861] 2ml CGTase enzyme (available from Amano Enzyme, Inc.) was added to the mixture and incubated at 75°C for 24 hours to glycosylate steviol glycosides with glucose molecules derived from Tapioca dextrin. Doc
[007862] After desired ratio of GSG and residual steviol glycoside contents achieved, the reaction mixture was heated to 95°C for 30 min to inactivate the CGTase, which is then removed by filtration.
[007863] The resulting solution of GSG, residual steviol glycosides and dextrin is decolored by activate carbon and spray dried to provide a white powder GSG.
[007864] The details about the GSG products and their materials are as follow.
Figure imgf001101_0001
[007865] Example 185 preparation of S-MRP-FL from GSG-RA50
[007866] 80g GSG-RA50 (the product of EX. 184) was dissolved together with
6.7g phenylalanine and 13.3g xylose in 50ml deionized water. The mixture was stirred and heated at about 95-100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the solution was dried by spray dryer to provide about 93g of the light brown powder S-MRP-GRA50-FL.
[007867] Example 186 preparation of S-MRP-CA from GSG-RA80
[007868] 60g GSG-RA80 (the product of EX. 184) was dissolved together with lOg alanine and 30g xylose in 50ml deionized water. The mixture was stirred and heated at about 95-100 degrees centigrade for about 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the solution was dried by spray dryer to provide about 95.5g of the brown powder S-MRP-GRA80-CA.
[007869] Example 187 preparation of S-MRP-PC from GSG-RA95 Doc
[007870] 35g GSG-RA95 (the product of EX. 184), lOg mannose and 5g proline were mixed. The ratio of mannose to proline was 2:1 and the ratio of stevia extract to the mixture of mannose and proline was 7:3. The mixture was dissolved into 25g pure water without any pH regulator. The solution was then heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 3 hours. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 42g of off white powder S-MRP-GRA95-PC.
[007871] Examples 188-193 the improvement of S-MRP and TS-M RP derived from GSG to the taste and mouthfeel of sweetener
[007872] The sources of the sweeteners, S-M RP and TS-MRP sam ples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf001102_0001
Doc
Figure imgf001103_0001
[007873] Example 188 the improvement of S-MRP-GRA50-FL to the taste and mouthfeel of RA99
[007874] Common process:
[007875] Dissolve lg S-MRP-GRA50-FL into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% S- MRP-GRA50-FL solution. Prepare 1% RA99 solution by the similar method. The solution of S-M RP-GRA50-FL and RA99 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 188-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007876] Table 188-1 the weight of S-MRP-GRA50-FL and RA99
Figure imgf001103_0002
[007877] Experiments
[007878] Several mixtures of S-MRP-GRA50-FL and RA99 were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 188-2.
[007879] Table 188-2 the score in sensory evaluation Doc
Figure imgf001104_0001
[007880] Data analysis
[007881] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-M RP-GRA50-FL to RA99 in this example is as shown in Figure 240.
[007882] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-M RP-GRA50-FL to RA99 in this example is as shown in Figure 241.
[007883] Conclusions:
[007884] The results showed that S-M RPs derived from GSG improved taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside A. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-GRA50-FL to RA99 from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 2.5), more preferably when the ratio ranges were from 50/50 to 99/1, the products provided excellent taste (score > 3.0). This example demonstrates that S-M RPs derived from GSG can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007885] Example 189 the improvement of S-MRP-GRA80-CA to the taste and mouthfeel of RD+RM(1:3)
[007886] Common process:
[007887] Dissolve lg S-M RP-GRA80-CA into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% S-
MRP-GRA80-CA solution. Prepare 1% RD solution and 1% RM solution by the similar Doc method. The solution of S-M RP-GRA80-CA, RD and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 189-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007888] Table 189-1 the weight of S-MRP-GRA80-CA RD and RM
Figure imgf001105_0001
[007889] Experiments
[007890] Several mixtures of S-MRP-GRA80-CA and RD+RM (1:3) were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in
Table 189-2.
[007891] Table 189-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001105_0002
Doc
Figure imgf001106_0001
[007892] Data analysis
[007893] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-M RP-GRA80-CA to RD+RM (1:3) in this example is as shown in Figure 242.
[007894] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-M RP-GRA80-CA to RD+RM (1:3) in this example is as shown in Figure 243.
[007895] Conclusions:
[007896] The results showed that S-MRPs derived from GSG can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as stevia extract. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-GRA80-CA to RD+RM (1:3) from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 5/95 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). This example demonstrates that S-MRPs derived from GSG can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007897] Example 190 the improvement of S-MRP-GRA95-PC to the taste and mouthfeel of mogroside V50
[007898] Common process:
[007899] Dissolve lg S-M RP-GRA95-PC into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% S- MRP-GRA95-PC solution. Prepare 1% mogroside V50 solution by the similar method. The solution of S-MRP-GRA95-PC and mogroside V50 were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 190-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007900] Table 190-1 the weight of S-MRP-GRA95-PC and mogroside V50
Figure imgf001106_0002
Doc
Figure imgf001107_0001
[007901] Experiments
[007902] Several mixtures of S-MRP-GRA95-PC and mogroside V50 were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 190-2.
[007903] Table 190-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001107_0002
[007904] Data analysis
[007905] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-M RP-GRA95-PC to mogroside V50 in this example is as shown in Figure 244. Doc
[007906] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-M RP-GRA95-PC to mogroside V50 in this example is as shown in Figure 245.
[007907] Conclusions:
[007908] The results showed that S-MRPs derived from GSG can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners such as monk fruit concentrate or extract. All ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-GRA95-PC to mogroside V50 from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 30/70 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3). This example demonstrates that S-MRPs derived from GSG can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of monk fruit concentrate or extract.
[007909] Example 191 the improvement of TS-MRP-GRA50-FL to the taste and mouthfeel of aspartame
[007910] Common process:
[007911] Dissolve lg TS-MRP-GRA50-FL into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% TS-M RP-GRA50-FL solution. Prepare 1% aspartame solution by the similar method. The solution of TS-MRP-GRA50-FL and aspartame were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 191-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007912] Table 191-1 the weight of TS-MRP-GRA50-FL and aspartame
Figure imgf001108_0001
Doc
Figure imgf001109_0001
[007913] Experiments
[007914] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-GRA50-FL and aspartame were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in
Table 191-2.
[007915] Table 191-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001109_0002
[007916] Data analysis
[007917] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-M RP-GRA50-FL to aspartame in this example is as shown in Figure 246.
[007918] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-M RP-GRA50-FL to aspartame in this example is as shown in Figure 247.
[007919] Conclusions:
[007920] The results showed that TS-M RPs derived from GSG can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity synthetic or artificial sweeteners such as aspartame. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-M RP-GRA50-FL to Doc aspartame from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 3).
Example 192 the improvement of TS-MRP-GRA80-CA to the taste and mouthfeel of sucralose
[007921] Common process:
[007922] Dissolve lg TS-MRP-GRA80-CA into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% TS-M RP-GRA80-CA solution. Prepare 1% sucralose solution by the similar method. The solution of TS-M RP-GRA80-CA and sucralose were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 192-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007923] Table 192-1 the weight of TS-MRP-GRA80-CA and sucralose
Figure imgf001110_0001
[007924] Experiments
[007925] Several mixtures of TS-M RP-GRA80-CA and sucralose were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in
Table 192-2. Doc
[007926] Table 192-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001111_0001
[007927] Data analysis
[007928] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-M RP-GRA80-CA to sucralose in this example is as shown in Figure 248.
[007929] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-M RP-GRA80-CA to sucralose in this example is as shown in Figure 249.
[007930] Conclusions:
[007931] The results showed that TS-M RPs derived from GSG can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity synthetic or artificial sweeteners such as sucralose. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-GRA80-CA to sucralose from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 2.5).
[007932] Example 193 the improvement of TS-MRP-GRA95-PC to the taste and mouthfeel of acesulfame potassium
[007933] Common process: Doc
[007934] Dissolve lg TS-M RP-GRA95-PC into 99g pure water to prepare a 1% TS-M RP-GRA95-PC solution. Prepare 1% acesulfame potassium solution by the similar method. The solution of TS-MRP-GRA95-PC and Acesulfame potassium were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 193-1, pure water was added to make the total volume to 100ml, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007935] Table 193-1 the weight of TS-MRP-GRA95-PC and Acesulfame potassium
Figure imgf001112_0001
[007936] Experiments
[007937] Several mixtures of TS-M RP-GRA95-PC and Acesulfame potassium were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 193-2.
[007938] Table 193-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001112_0002
Doc
Figure imgf001113_0001
[007939] Data analysis
[007940] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-M RP-GRA95-PC to Acesulfame potassium in this example is as shown in Figure
250.
[007941] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-M RP-GRA95-PC to Acesulfame potassium in this example is as shown in Figure
251.
[007942] Conclusions:
[007943] The results showed that TS-M RPs derived from GSG can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity synthetic or artificial sweeteners such as Acesulfame potassium. All ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP- GRA95-PC to Acesulfame potassium from 1/99 to 99/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 10/90 to 99/1, the products provided very good taste (score > 2.5).
[007944] Example 194 Separate the volatile and non-volatile substances of
MRP Materials
Figure imgf001113_0002
[007945] Common process
[007946] lg M RP was dissolved in 3L pure water.
[007947] The solution was evaporated at 60 ° C and at a vacuum of 0.02 M Pa. Doc
[007948] After evaporating about 1.5L water, 1.5L pure water was added to the solution and evaporation was continued.
[007949] Repeat the stage 3) till the smell of the solution is no longer noticeable.
[007950] The solution was evaporated until the volume was less than 200ml.
[007951] The concentrated solution was freeze-dried to obtain a powdered sample.
[007952] According to the common process, lg MRP-FL and lg MRP-CA wereprepared, respectively to provide the non-volatile substances of MRP-FL and MRP-CA, which were named NVS-MRP-FL and NVS-MRP-CA, respectively.
[007953] Example 195 The mouthfeel improve effect of NVS-MRP to stevia extract
Common process:
[007954] NVS-MRP-FL and RM were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 195-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 195-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007955] Table 195-1 the weight of NVS-MRP-FL and RM
Figure imgf001114_0001
Doc
Figure imgf001115_0001
[007956] Experiments
[007957] Several mixtures of NVS-MRP-FL and RM were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 195-2.
[007958] Table 195-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001115_0002
[007959] Data analysis
[007960] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-FL to RM in this example is as shown in Figure 252. Doc
[007961] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-FL to RM in this example is as shown in Figure 253.
[007962] Conclusions:
[007963] The results showed that NVS-MRPs can significantly improve taste profile and mouthfeel of high intensity natural sweeteners or sweetening agents such as stevia extract although there is little volatile substance or odorous substance in it. For example, steviol glycosides comprise rebaudioside M. All ranges in tested ratios of NVS-MRP-FL to RM from 1/100 to 100/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 3/10 to 100/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 4). This example demonstrates that NVS-MRPs can improve taste profile and mouthfeel of steviol glycosides.
[007964] Example 196 The mouthfeel improve effect of NVS-MRP to sucralose
[007965] Common process:
[007966] NVS-MRP-CA and Sucralose were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 196-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 196-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[007967] Table 196-1 the weight of NVS-MRP-CA and sucralose
Figure imgf001116_0001
Doc
Figure imgf001117_0001
[007968] Experiments
[007969] Several mixtures of NVS-MRP-CA and sucralose were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table
196-2.
[007970] Table 196-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001117_0002
[007971] Data analysis Doc
[007972] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-CA to sucralose in this example is as shown in Figure 254.
[007973] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of NVS-MRP-CA to sucralose in this example is as shown in Figure 255.
[007974] Conclusions:
[007975] The results showed that NVS-MRPs can significantly improve taste profile and mouthfeel of high intensity artificial sweeteners or sweetening agents such as scrolase although there is little volatile substance or odorous substance in it. All ranges in tested ratios of NVS-MRP-CA to sucralose from 1/100 to 100/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 2.5), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 3/10 to 100/1, the products gave very good taste (score > 4). This example demonstrates that NVS-MRPs can improve taste profile and mouthfeel of sucralose.
[007976] Example 197 the effect of reaction temperature to the scent of S- MRP-FL
[007977] In this example, the reaction of phenylalanine, xylose and stevia extract was added in the process. The reaction conditions were as follow.
[007978] Stevia extract: GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[007979] Weight ratio of xylose to phenylalanine: 2:1;
[007980] Weight ratio of stevia extract to the blend of xylose and phenylalanine: 80:20;
[007981] The total weight of stevia extract, xylose and phenylalanine: 5g; noted in the following table.
Figure imgf001118_0001
[007982] Propylene glycol: 2.5g
[007983] Temperature: 100°C, 120°C, 140°C, 160°C, 180°C; Doc
[007984] Duration: 1 hours;
[007985] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[007986] The odor of all the resultant mixtures after reaction completion were evaluated by a panel of 4 trained persons. For evaluation of the odor, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel smelled the reaction mixture, discussed and then gave a description acceptable to all testers.
[007987] Table 197-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture
Figure imgf001119_0001
[007988] Conclusions
[007989] All S-MRPs produced by the reaction in different temperature can act as flavor, flavor enhancers, mouthfeel modifiers or as sweeteners with floral flavor. Preferably when the reaction temperature is ranged from 100°C to 160°C, the floral flavor is more intense.
[007990] Example 198 the effect of reaction temperature to the scent of S- MRP-CA
[007991] In this example, the reaction of alanine, xylose and stevia extract was added in the process. The reaction conditions were as follow.
[007992] Stevia extract: GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[007993] Weight ratio of xylose to alanine: 3:1;
[007994] Weight ratio of stevia extract to the blend of xylose and alanine: 60:40;
[007995] The total weight of stevia extract, xylose and alanine: 5g; noted in the following table. Doc
Figure imgf001120_0001
[007996] Propylene glycol: 2.5g
[007997] Temperature: 100°C, 120°C, 140°C, 160°C, 180°C;
[007998] Duration: 1 hours;
[007999] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[008000] The odor of all the resultant mixtures after reaction completion were evaluated by a panel of 4 trained persons. For evaluation of the odor, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel smelled the reaction mixture, discussed and then gave a description that was acceptable to all testers.
[008001] Table 198-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture
Figure imgf001120_0002
[008002] Conclusions
[008003] All S-MRPs produced by the reaction in different temperature can act as flavor, flavor enhancers, mouthfeel modifiers or as sweeteners with caramel flavor. Preferably when the reaction temperature is ranged from 100°C to 120°C, the caramel flavor is more intense.
[008004] Example 199 the effect of reaction temperature to the scent of S- MRP-PC Doc
[008005] In this example, the reaction of proline, rhamnose and stevia extract was added in the process. The reaction conditions were as follow.
[008006] Stevia extract: GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[008007] Weight ratio of rhamnose to proline: 2:1;
[008008] Weight ratio of stevia extract to the blend of rhamnose and proline: 70:30;
[008009] The total weight of stevia extract, rhamnose and proline: 5g; noted in the following table.
Figure imgf001121_0001
[008010] Propylene glycol: 2.5g
[008011] Temperature: 100°C, 120°C, 140°C, 160°C, 180°C;
[008012] Duration: 1 hours;
[008013] pH regulation: no pH regulator added.
[008014] The odor of all the resultant mixtures after reaction completion were evaluated by a panel of 4 trained persons. For evaluation of the odor, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel smelled the reaction mixture, discussed and then gave a description acceptable to all testers.
[008015] Table 199-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture
Figure imgf001121_0002
[008016] Conclusions Doc
[008017] All S-MRPs produced by the reaction in different temperature can act as flavor, flavor enhancers, mouthfeel modifiers or as sweeteners with special flavor. Preferably when the reaction temperature is ranged from 100°C to 140°C, the more intensive popcorn flavor can be obtained.
[008018] Example 200 the effect of reaction pressure to the scent of S-MRP
[008019] In this example, the effect of reaction pressure to the characteristic of S-MRP was evaluated.
[008020] Three pairs of experiments were conducted. In one pair of experiments, one sample was prepared under normal pressure (0.1 MPa) and the other was carried under high pressure (0.17MPa). The reaction conditions other than pressure were as follow.
[008021] Stevia extract: GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[008022] The materials and their weights were as following table.
Figure imgf001122_0001
[008023] Propylene glycol: 2.5g
[008024] Temperature: 120°C;
[008025] Duration: 1 hours;
[008026] pH regulation: no pH regulator added. Doc
[008027] The odor of all the resultant mixtures after reaction completion were evaluated by a panel of 4 trained persons. For evaluation of the odor, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel smelled the reaction mixture, discussed and then gave a description acceptable to all testers.
[008028] Table 200-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture
Figure imgf001123_0001
[008029] Conclusions
[008030] All S-MRPs produced by the reaction in different pressure can act as flavor, flavor enhancers, mouthfeel modifiers or as sweeteners with special flavor. When the reaction conditions other than pressure are same, the products produced under high pressure tend to produce stronger odors, such as smoked or burnt smell.
[008031] Example 201 the effect of reaction pH value to the scent of S-MRP
[008032] In this example, the effect of reaction pH value to the characteristic of
S-MRP was evaluated.
[008033] Three pairs of experiments were conducted. In each group of experiments, the materials and reaction conditions were the same except pH value. The reaction conditions other than pH value were as follow.
[008034] Stevia extract: GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[008035] The materials and their weights were as following table.
Figure imgf001123_0002
Doc
Figure imgf001124_0001
[008036] water: 2.5g, HCI or NaOH were used to adjust the pH to a predetermined value;
[008037] Temperature: 100°C;
[008038] Duration: 1 hours.
[008039] The odor of all the resultant mixtures after reaction completion were evaluated by a panel of 4 trained persons. For evaluation of the odor, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. The panel smelled the reaction mixture, discussed and then gave a description acceptable to all testers.
[008040] Table 201-1 Scent evaluation of the reaction mixture
Figure imgf001124_0002
[008041] Conclusion
[008042] All S-MRPs produced by the reaction in different pH value can act as flavor, flavor enhancers, mouthfeel modifiers or as sweeteners with special flavor. When the reaction conditions other than pH value are same, the products produced at pH 3 to pH 12 can give the same flavor. In more acidic or alkaline conditions, such as pH 1 or pH 14, the smell of the products tend to produce stronger odors, such as smoked or burnt smell.
Example 202 preparation of S-MRP with molasses flavor
[008043] Stevia extract : GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[008044] 40g stevia extract, 20g xylose and 6.65g alanine were mixed. The mixture was dissolved into 33g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 1.5 hours. Doc
20g molasses (Red Seal® Blackstrap molasses, available from Red Seal Natural Health Ltd., New Zealand) was added to the solution. The solution was heated for 30 minutes. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 78g of brown powder with molasses flavor. The product was named S-MRP-MO.
[008045] Example 203 preparation of S-MRP with dried tangerine peel flavor
[008046] Stevia extract: GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields.
[008047] 45g stevia extract, 3.75g galactose and 1.25g glutamic acid were mixed. The mixture was dissolved into 25g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 1 hour. 20g grinded dried tangerine peel was added to the reaction mixture. The solution was heated for 90 minutes. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was dried by spray dryer to provide about 45g of brown powder with dried tangerine peel flavor. The product was named S-MRP-TP.
[008048] Example 204 Evaluate the taste profile of S-MRPs compare to their materials
[008049] The products of Example 202 and Example 203 and their materials were evaluated for their sensory characteristics. The test method and the evaluation results are as followed.
[008050] Test method:
[008051] The samples were dissolved in deionized water with ultrasound at room temperature and left to equilibrate for 30 min. The concentrations of the solutions were all 400ppm.
[008052] Panel: 4 persons
[008053] For evaluation of the taste profile, the samples were tested by a panel of four people. 1 trained taster tasted independently the samples first. The taster Doc was asked to describe the taste profile and score 0-5 according to the increasing sugar like, bitterness, aftertaste and lingering taste profiles. The first taster was allowed to re-taste, and then make notes for the sensory attributes perceived. Afterwards, another 3 tasters tasted and the attributes were noted and discussed openly to find a suitable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the results, the tasting was repeated. For example, a "5" for sugar like is the best score for having a taste that is sugar like and conversely a value of 0 or near zero is not sugar like. Similarly, a "5" for bitterness, aftertaste and lingering is not desired. A value of zero or near zero means that the bitterness, aftertaste and/or lingering is reduced or is removed.
[008054] Results:
[008055] S-M RP products of Example 202 and Example 203 comparing to GSG- RA20
Figure imgf001126_0001
[008056] Conclusions:
[008057] The taste profile of stevia extract components can be improved by Maillard reaction. It provides the stevia component with full mouth feel, decreased or eliminated bitterness and a shortened sweet lingering. Also it can provide special flavor. Doc
[008058] Example 205-207 the improvement of MRP, S-MRP and TS-MRP to the taste and mouthfeel of Advantame
[008059] The sources of advantame and MRP samples used in the following Examples are as follows.
Figure imgf001127_0001
[008060] Example 205 the improvement of MRP-CH to the taste and mouthfeel of Advantame
[008061] Common process:
[008062] MRP-CH and Advatame were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 205-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 205-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[008063] Table 205-1 the weight of M RP-CH and Advantame
Figure imgf001127_0002
Doc
Figure imgf001128_0001
[008064] Experiments
[008065] Several mixtures of MRP-CH and Advantame were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in
Table 205-2.
[008066] Table 205-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001128_0002
[008067] Data analysis
[008068] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of MRP-CH to Advantame in this example is as shown in Figure 256.
[008069] The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of MRP-CH to Advantame in this example is as shown in Figure 257.
[008070] Conclusions: Doc
[008071] The results showed that standard MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity artificial sweeteners such as Advantame. Because of the less mouthfeel, the taste of Advantame is common. However, all ranges in tested ratios of MRP-CH to Advantame from 0.1/1 to 3/1 had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.3/1 to 3/1, the products gave superior taste (score > 4). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of Advantame.
[008072] Example 206 the improvement of S-MRP-CH to the taste and mouthfeel of Advantame
[008073] Common process:
[008074] S-M RP-CH and Advatame were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 206-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 206-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[008075] Table 206-1 the weight of S-MRP-CH and Advantame
Figure imgf001129_0001
[008076] Experiments Doc
[008077] Several mixtures of S-MRP-CH and Advantame were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in
Table 206-2.
[008078] Table 206-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001130_0001
[008079] Data analysis
[008080] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to Advantame in this example is as shown in Figure 258.The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of S-MRP-CH to Advantame in this example is as shown in Figure 259.
[008081] Conclusions:
[008082] The results showed that S-MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity artificial sweeteners such as
Advantame. Because of the less mouthfeel, the taste of Advantame is common.
However, all ranges in tested ratios of S-MRP-CH to Advantame from 0.1/1 to 3/1 Doc had good taste (overall likeability score > 3), preferably when the ratio ranges were from 0.6/1 to 3/1, the products gave superior taste (score > 4). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that S-M RPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of Advantame.
[008083] Example 207 the improvement of TS-MRP-CH to the taste and mouthfeel of Advantame
[008084] Common process:
[008085] TS-M RP-CH and Advatame were weighed and uniformly mixed according to the weight shown in Table 207-1. The mixed powder was weighed in the amount shown in Table 207-1, dissolved in 100 ml of pure water, and subjected to a mouthfeel evaluation test. The tasting procedure is the same as example 37.
[008086] Table 207-1 the weight of TS-MRP-CH and Advantame
Figure imgf001131_0001
[008087] Experiments
[008088] Several mixtures of TS-MRP-CH and Advantame were mixed in this example. Each sample was evaluated according to the aforementioned sensory evaluation method, and the average score of the panel was taken as the evaluation Doc result data. The taste profile of the mixture is as follows. The results are shown in Table 207-2.
[008089] Table 207-2 the score in sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001132_0001
[008090] Data analysis
[008091] The relationship between the sensory evaluation results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to Advantame in this example is as shown in Figure 260. The relationship between the overall likeability results to the ratio of TS-MRP-CH to Advantame in this example is as shown in Figure 261.
[008092] Conclusions:
[008093] The results showed that TS-MRPs can significantly improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of high intensity artificial sweeteners such as
Advantame. Because of the less mouthfeel, the taste of Advantame is common. However, all ranges in tested ratios of TS-MRP-CH to Advantame from 0.1/1 to 3/1 had superior taste (score > 4). The conclusion can be extended to 1:99 and 99:1. This example demonstrates that TS-MRPs can improve taste profile, flavor intensity and mouthfeel of Advantame. Doc
[008094] Example 208 preparation of citrus flavor MRP from crude stevia extract
[008095] 1) Air-dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (1kg) were extracted with distilled water at 45-55°C for 2 hours. The extracting step was repeated three times. The volume of water in each extracting stage was 5L, 5L and 3L, respectively. The liquid extract was separated from the solids by centrifugation. The filtered supernatant liquid extract was flocculated and the supernatant was separated by centrifugation. The supernatant was passed through a macroporous resin (1L, resin model: T28, available from Sunresin new materials Co. Ltd., China) and then desorbed with 3L of 65% ethanol/water. The desorption solution was treated by 1L of cationic exchange resin and 1L of anion exchange resin for desalination and decoloration. The desorption solution was spray-dried to a powder and designated as the crude stevia extract (abbreviated as CSE).
[008096] 2) The crude stevia extract was dissolved in 10 times its weight of pure water. The solution was treated by 1L of cationic exchange resin and 1L of anion exchange resin. The desorption solution was spray-dried to a powder and designated as the re-treated crude stevia extract (abbreviated as RCSE).
[008097] 3) 45g re-treated crude stevia extract, 1.25g galactose and 3.75g glutamic acid were mixed. The mixture was dissolved into 25g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 2 hours. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered by filter paper and the filtrate was dried by spray dryer to provide about 45g of an off white powder with citrus flavor and designated as RCSE- MRP-CI.
[008098] Example 209 Doc
[008099] The CSE, RCSE and RCSE-MRP-CI prepared according to Example 208 and standard MRP-CI prepared according to Example 80 were analyzed in this example.
[008100] The products were dissolved in pure water, respectively. The concentration of each solution is 1% w/v.
[008101] The odor of all the resultant solutions were evaluated by a panel of 4 trained persons.
[008102] Results:
Figure imgf001134_0001
[008103] The volatile substances contained in the products were analyzed by
GC/MS to determine the source of citrus flavor.
[008104] Analytical Methods
Figure imgf001134_0002
[008105] Results
[008106] Figure 262 shows GC/MS spectra of standard MRP-CI. Doc
[008107] Figure 263 shows the GC/MS spectra of CSE.
[008108] Figure 264 shows the GC/MS spectra of RCSE.
[008109] Figure 265 shows the GC/MS spectra of RCSE-MRP-CI.
[008110] Analysis
[008111] It can be found from the comparison between CSE and RCSE that after treating with ionic exchange resin, some volatile substances have been decreased significantly or eliminated. The details are provided in the table below.
Figure imgf001135_0001
[008112] When comparing the spectra of RCSE, standard MRP-CI and RCSE-
MRP-CI, it can be found that some volatile substances appear or increase in RCSE- MRP-CI. The details are provided in the table below.
Figure imgf001136_0001
[008113] Conclusions
[008114] Citrus flavor can be perceived in RCSE-MRP-CI but cannot be perceived in standard MRP-CI. However, use of CSE as materials to produce CSE-MRP-CI according to the process of RCSE-MRP-CI (step 3 of Example 208), the citrus flavor still cannot be perceived. After treatment with ionic exchange resins, flavor substances are decreased or eliminated which influence the presentation of citrus flavor. In addition, when RCSE participates in the process of the Maillard reaction, some flavor substances appear or increase which can present citrus flavor. These substances cannot be produced without RCSE, so they do not exist in standard MRP-CI.
[008115] Example 210 preparation of S-MRP-PC
[008116] In this example several S-MRP-PC were prepared according to a similar method as that above except that the stevia extract was introduced into the reaction at different stages.
[008117] Common process:
[008118] 0.6g rhamnose and 0.4g proline were mixed. The mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 3 hours. 4g stevia extract (GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields) was introduced into the reaction mixture at different stages, respectively. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper and the filtrate was diluted with pure water to obtain a solid content of 625ppm.
[008119] The details of the process are as follow.
Figure imgf001137_0001
[008120] Example 211 the sensory evaluation of the S-MRP-PC [008121] The products of Example 210 and their material, GSG-RA20, (available from Sweet Green Fields) were evaluated. The concentration of GSG-RA20 was set to 500ppm in order to make the concentration of stevia extract in the sample solutions of material and products identical. The sensory evaluation method is the same as Example 37.
[008122] Results
Figure imgf001138_0001
[008123] Conclusion
[008124] When preparing S-MRPs, whenever the stevia extract was added, a product with good flavor and taste was produced. The taste profile of stevia extract such as GSG-RA20 can be improved no matter at what point it was introduced into the Maillard reaction.
[008125] Example 212 preparation of S-MRP-FL
[008126] In this example several S-MRP-FL were prepared according to a method similar to the above except that stevia extract was introduced into the reaction at different stages.
[008127] Common process:
[008128] 0.67g xylose and 0.33g phenylalanine were mixed. The mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 3 hours. 4g stevia extract (GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields) was introduced into the reaction mixture at different stages, respectively. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper and the filtrate was diluted with pure water to obtain a solid content of 625ppm.
[008129] The details of the process are as follow.
Figure imgf001139_0001
[008130] Example 213 the sensory evaluation of the S-MRP-FL
[008131] The products of Example 212 and their material, GSG-RA20, (available from
Sweet Green Fields) were evaluated. The concentration of GSG-RA20 was set to 500ppm in order to make the concentration of stevia extract in the sample solutions of material and products identical. The sensory evaluation method is the same as Example 37.
[008132] Result
Figure imgf001139_0002
[008133] Conclusion
[008134] When preparing S-MRPs, at whatever point in time the stevia extract was added, a product with good flavor and taste was produced. The taste profile of stevia extract such as GSG-RA20 can be improved no matter what point it is introduced into the Maillard reaction.
[008135] Example 214 preparation of S-MRP-CA
[008136] In this example several S-MRP-CA were prepared according to a method similar to that above except that the stevia extract was introduced into the reaction at different stages.
[008137] Common process:
[008138] 1.5g xylose and 0.5g alanine were mixed. Thus obtained mixture was dissolved into 2.5g pure water. No pH regulator was added and the pH was about 5. The solution was heated at about 100 degrees centigrade for 3 hours. 3g stevia extract (GSG-RA20, available from Sweet Green Fields) was introduced into the reaction mixture at different stages, respectively. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper and the filtrate was diluted with pure water to obtain a solids content of 2%.
[008139] The details of the production are as followed.
Figure imgf001140_0001
[008140] Example 215 the sensory evaluation of the S-MRP-CA
[008141] The products of Example 214 and their material, GSG-RA20, (available from Sweet Green Fields) were evaluated.
[008142] 5mg GSG-RA20 or 0.4ml product solution of Example 213 were added to 50ml Coke Zero (sweetened by sucralose, aspartame and ACE-K, available from Coca-Cola), respectively, to make the concentration of stevia extract in the Coke Zero solutions of materials and products identical. The sensory evaluation method is the same as Example 37.
[008143] Result
Figure imgf001140_0002
[008144] Conclusion
[008145] When preparing S-MRPs, at whatever point in time the stevia extract was added, a product with good flavor and taste was produced. The taste profile of stevia extract such as GSG-RA20 can be improved no matter at what point it is introduced into the Maillard reaction. [008146] Investigations with a model system of Rebaudioside A and amino acids
[008147] Model System
[008148] Chemicals used for Maillard reactions were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Food Grade). Solvents and chemicals for analysis (LC/DAD/MS) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (HPLC-grade and USP certified material). Reb-A (Lot Reb A 100 EPC 04S-17-02) was supplied by EPC Natural Products Co, Ltd. All reactions were performed in sealed 10 mL Pyrex vials. The general procedure was to weigh in the reaction partner (0.1 molar concentration of Rebaudioside A and amino acids) and to fill with the solvent (0.1 MKH2P04-buffer, pH=7.2) at a temperature of 60-70 °C. The vials were then immediately sealed and put into glass beakers filled with sand positioned in a drying oven heated to 120 °C. This procedure secures adequate heat transfer to the vials. The reaction was stopped after 2 hours by placing the sealed vials into an ice bath. The reacted sample was then filtered (0.2 pm syringe filter) and injected into the HPLC/DAD/MS.
[008149] The HPLC system consisted of an Agilent 1100 system (autosampler, ternary gradient pump, column thermostat, DAD-UV/VIS detector) connected in-line to an Agilent mass spectrometer (ESI-MS quadrupole G1956A VL). The samples were separated at 0.9 ml/min on a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro-RP (150 x 3 mm) at 35 °C. The mobile phase consisted of (A) 0.1 % HCOOH (v/v) and (B) AcCN. A gradient of 2-6 % (B) to 15-20 % (B) was applied between 0 min to 15 min depending on the reaction partners. Between 15 and 20 min (B) was increased to 45- 50% % which was kept for 15 min. Detection consisted of UV/VIS-DAD (205 nm) coupled to ESI- MS (neg mode, 300 °C, TIC from m/z 120-1200, fragmentor 100).
[008150] Mass Spectrometry
[008151] The following Tables show the molar mass of all amino acids and their corresponding MRPs with Reb-A (assuming that the reaction runs similar to amino acid with a reducing sugar). Table 1 indicates that the MRP was found using HPLC/MS. Table IB indicated that the MRP was not found, unmarked columns were not tested.
[008152] Test Results [008153] For amino acids in Table 1 the expected MRP of Reb-A could be confirmed analytically by the expected mass/charge ratio and the chromatographic separation (See Figures 151 through Figure 155). In Table IB amino acids are listed for which under the conditions tested no MRP were observed. The results showed that by controlling reaction conditions, reaction products of stevia glycoside(s) and amino acid(s) could surprisingly be formed. For products listed in Table IB, even though the compound of stevia glycoside and amino acid is not formed at the given conditions, such resulting products still act as excellent products for flavor modifiers and sweeteners. Secondly, by adjusting the reaction conditions, it is believed that reaction products of stevia glycosides and amino acid(s) could be formed.
[008154] Table 1, Expected MRPs for Reb A (analytically confirmed)
Figure imgf001142_0001
[008155] TablelB, Expected MRPs for Reb A (analytically not observed)
Figure imgf001142_0002
[008157] Use of Materials in Food Products
Figure imgf001144_0001
[008160] Grounded meat patties (Burger), Joint opinion 4 tasters
Sample Thaumatin Tangerine Popcorn Flora Sweetness Flavor
_ Stevia-derived MRP (ppm) _ (potency, profile) (increase, modified)
Not sweet Typical for grilled, grounded meat, tasty
Beef/Pig meat 1.0 - 50 - Not sweet Typical for grilled, grounded
30 % fat, salt, meat, tasty, no change pepper, 2.5 - 50 - Not sweet Typical for grilled, grounded charcoal meat, tasty, no change, grilled slightly more tasty
4.0 - 50 - Slightly sweet Typical for roasted onions and eggs, too sweet
Not sweet Typical for grilled, grounded meat, less tasty compared to high fat meat
1.0 50 Not sweet Typical for grilled, grounded
Beef/Pig meat
meat, almost same
10 % fat, salt,
tastiness compared to high pepper,
fat meat
charcoal
Typical for grilled, grounded grilled
meat, same tastiness
Figure imgf001145_0001
compared to high fat meat
Figure imgf001145_0002
4.0 50 - Slightly sweet, more Typical for grilled, grounded chewiness meat, sweet/bitter notes
Figure imgf001146_0001
Figure imgf001147_0001
[008162] Stevia-derived MRP (tangerine) is prepared according to the method described in Example 82; the Stevia-derived MRP (popcorn) is prepared according to the method described in Example 132; and the Stevia-derived MRP (Floral) is prepared according to the method described in Example 49.
Figure imgf001149_0001
[008163] The combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin improve the general taste profile of baked foods including flavor, spiciness, mouth feel etc. They can also increase the salty taste for low salt food products. Additionally, the stevia-derived MRPs can increase the strength of spiciness and saltiness of onion. They can significantly improve the taste profile of sugar and salt reduced sauces such as tomato ketchup. They can increase the saltiness level, and harmonize acidity with sweetness of the sauce. In particular, they can balance the acidity of acetic acid. Further, combinations of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin can improve the taste profile of meat products, especially for reduced fat products by altering reduced fat foods to taste like that of regular high fat foods.
[008164] Example for Stevia-Derived MRP Flora
[008165] Stevia-derived MRP Flora sensory analysis vs RA50
[008166] Aim: Determine the sweetness equivalency and positive/negative sensory aspects of Stevia-derived MRP Flora vs RA50 in water with sucrose and in an application with sucrose
[008167] Materials
[008168] - SGF RA50 lot S070055
[008169] - RA20/SG95 lot 20180413
[008170] - Stevia-derived MRP Flora lot EPC240-33-01, prepared as in Example 49.
[008171] - Sucrose - Lemon Lime Flavor
[008172] - Citric Acid
[008173] - Distilled Water
[008174] - Mineral Water
[008175] Lemon & Lime CSD: 50% Reduced Sugar Formula (CSD = carbonated soft drink)
[008176] Carbonated water 92.74%
[008177] Sucrose 5.00%
[008178] Citric acid 0.12%
[008179] Sodium benzoate 0.0211%
[008180] Lemon Lime Extract NAT WONF 863.0053U 0.10% [008181] Experiment Round 1: Initial Tasting
[008182] The following samples were compared against one another in mineral water.
[008183] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm RA50
[008184] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008185] Result: RA50 sample was ~20% sweeter than the Stevia-derived MRP Flora sample. However, the Stevia-derived MRP at 200ppm provided much better mouth feel with a floral flavor note, and no identifiable off taste/bitterness when used in 5% sucrose. One person tested with a sip of water between testing two different solutions.
[008186] Round 2: Sweetness Equivalency
[008187] The following samples were compared against one another in mineral water
[008188] - 300ppm RA50
[008189] - 300ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora, as prepared in Example 49.
[008190] - 350ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008191] - 400ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008192] - 450ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008193] - 500ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008194] Result: 300ppm RA50 and 450ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora were approximately as sweet as one another in mineral water, so as a standalone product Stevia-derived MRP Flora is ~33% less sweet than RA50 alone. However when used in addition to sugar, the gap in sweetness appears to be lower, indicating that the Stevia-derived MRP has some sweetness enhancing effects without being overly sweet itself. One person tested with a sip of water between testing two different solutions.
[008195] Round 3: Comparison of sensory profile in Lemon & Lime CSD vs RA50
[008196] The following samples were compared to one another in a Lemon & Lime base.
Samples were double blinded and tasted n=l
[008197] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm RA50
[008198] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora, as prepared in Example 49.
[008199] - 5% Sucrose + lOOppm RA50 + lOOppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008200] - 5% Sucrose + lOOppm RA20 + lOOppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora [008201] Result: lOOppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora is too much to use in a L&L beverage, as the lime end of the flavor gets drowned out. However, the mouth feel of all the samples with Stevia-derived MRP Flora was much improved over the basic RA50 sample. One person tested with a sip of water between testing two different solutions.
[008202] Round 4: Comparison of sensory profile in Lemon & Lime CSD vs RA50
[008203] The following samples were compared to one another in a Lemon & Lime base.
Samples were double blinded and tasted n=l.
[008204] - 5% Sucrose + 200ppm RA50
[008205] - 5% Sucrose + 150ppm RA50 + 50ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora, as prepared in
Example 49.
[008206] - 5% Sucrose + 150ppm RA20 + 50ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008207] - 5% Sucrose + 155ppm RA50 + 45ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008208] - 5% Sucrose + 155ppm RA20+ 45ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008209] - 5% Sucrose + 160ppm RA50 + 40ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008210] - 5% Sucrose + 160ppm RA20 + 40ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora
[008211] Result: It was found 160ppm RA20 + 40ppm Stevia-derived MRP Flora to be the best tasting sample, with low mouth-drying and good mouth feel. 200ppm RA50 was very dry and low mouth feel in comparison. It is found the 160ppm + 40ppm Stevia-derived MRP to have a slightly dryer sweetness than the equivalent sample made with RA20. At 40ppm the Stevia- derived MRP added improved mouth feel and sugar-likeness, and slightly improved the Lemon aspect of the Lemon & Lime flavor. Using a higher amount than 40ppm in this application altered the flavor of the beverage and muted the Lime aspect with a floral note. One person tested with a sip of water between testing two different solutions.
[008212] Test samples
[008213] A combination of Stevia-derived MRP Floral, as prepared in Example 49, and thaumatin (10%) in a ratio of 10:1 was prepared by dissolving 1.83 g blend in 100 ml water. From this concentrate, 0.1 g were added to Red Bull Sugar free (Acesulfam K, Aspartame). A combination of Stevia-derived MRP Floral and thaumatin (10%) in a ratio of 10:1, a combination of Stevia-derived MRP Caramel, as prepared in Example 50, and thaumatin (10%) in a ratio of 10:1 was prepared individually by dissolving 1.83 g blend in 100 ml water. Then take 1:1 ratio from each and blend them, concentrate 0.1 g of new blend were added to Pepsi Max Sugar free (Aspartame and Acesulfam-K).
Figure imgf001153_0001
[008214] Triangle test
[008215] 48 panelists were chosen according to Table 1 to establish with a 99.9 % probability (100-b) a scenario where 50 % of the panelists (pd) can recognize the difference at a significance level a=0.001. The panelists were randomly allocated to 6 following sequences of the two samples A and B: ABB, BAA, AAB, ABA and BAB. Panelists drank water between samples to rinse their palates.
[008216] The samples were marked with random B digit numbers.
[008217] After conducting the test, the correct answers (i.e. different t sample was correctly recognized) were compared to Table 1C (minimum required, correct answers for establishment of a difference at the given significance level).
[008218] Table 1, Minimum number of panelists for a triangle test
Figure imgf001154_0001
[008219] TablelC, Minimum number of correct answers for a triangle test to establish a difference
Figure imgf001155_0002
[008220] 3. Test Results
[008221] Find below the test results for the triangle tests performed.
Figure imgf001155_0001
[008222] The description of the difference revealed for test #1 (Red Bull Sugar free) following main statements (multiple answers):
[008223] -better overall likeability (21/48 participants)
[008224] -sweeter, more pleasant (18/48 participants)
[008225] -smell different (17/48 participants)
[008226] -More full-bodied, better mouth feel (16/48 participants) [008227] The description of the difference revealed for test #2 (Pepsi Max Sugar free) following main statements (multiple answers):
[008228] -better overall likeability (29/48 participants)
[008229] -More full-bodied, better mouth feel (27/48 participants)
[008230] -smell different (25/48 participants)
[008231] -sweeter, more pleasant (15/48 participants)
[008232] The results showed that by adding small amounts of combinations of stevia- derived MRPs and thaumatin in sugar reduced beverages, the result could significantly improve the taste and aroma.
[008233] Experiment Citrus Beverage FMP and stability of Stevia-derived MRP (Conditions 100 ppm and 200 ppm).
[008234] Commercial carbonized, sugar free flavored citrus beverage (0.5 liter bottles, Brand: Grobi Zitrone, Sweetener: Sodium-cyclamate, Aspartame, Acesulfam K und Sodium- saccharin) was cooled to 2 °C, opened and directly spiked with 50 or 100 mg Stevia-derived MRP (Tangerine for citrus beverages or popcorn for Cola type). Bottles were recapped and tightly closed.
[008235] Closed bottles were brought to room temperature to dissolve the Stevia-derived MRP completely. Thereafter bottles were stored at 4-6 °C and 20-22 °C. Every 2 weeks samples are taken (room temperature samples are then cooled to 4-6 °C and sensory evaluated.
[008236] Equally treated, but unspiked bottles were stored as control bottles for direct comparison.
[008237] Stability tests were performed for Stevia-derived MRP for (mouth feel, improvement of sweetener profile), with 5 Tasters, with blinded taste tests with discussion of test results to reach a Joint Opinion.
[008238] Test Results
[008239] The sensory test results for the stability study in sugar free citrus beverage are presented below. Results are also noted in Figures 210 through Figure 217.
Figure imgf001157_0001
Figure imgf001158_0001
[008240] Experiment Cola Beverage - FMP and stability of Stevia-derived MRP (Conditions 100 ppm and 200 ppm). [008241] Commercial carbonized, sugar free flavored cola beverage (0.5 liter bottles, Brand: Sodastream syrup prepared according to instructions, Sweetener: Sodium-cyclamate, Aspartame, Acesulfam K und Sucralose) was cooled to 2 °C, opened and directly spiked with 50 or 100 mg Stevia-derived MRP (Tangerine for citrus beverages or popcorn for Cola type). Bottles were recapped and tightly closed.
[008242] Closed bottles were brought to room temperature to dissolve Stevia-derived MRP completely. Thereafter bottles were stored at 2-4°C and 20-22 °C. Every 2 weeks samples were taken (room temperature samples were then cooled to 4-6 °C and sensory evaluated.
[008243] Equally treated, but unspiked bottles were stored as control bottles for direct comparison.
[008244] Stability tests were performed for Stevia-derived MRP (mouth feel, improvement of sweetener profile), with 5 Tasters, with blinded taste tests with discussion of test results to reach Joint Opinion.
[008245] Test Results
[008246] The sensory test results for the stability study in sugar free cola beverage are presented below. Results are also noted in Figures 218 through Figure 225. The results showed that improvement of overall taste and aroma of the beverage by stevia-derived FMPs is very stable, and stevia-derived FMPs could act as antioxidants for foods and beverages.
Figure imgf001159_0001
Figure imgf001160_0001
Figure imgf001161_0001
[008247] Experiment - Aroma stability in powder form and liquid form.
[008248] Stevia-derived MRP (Tangerine, Popcorn, Floral, Chocolate) were stored at the following conditions:
[008249] Solid (as delivered) in sealed plastic bags, protected from light at 20-22 °C
[008250] Liquid as a solution in water (200 ppm) in a sealed bottle, protected from light at
2-4 °C and at 22-24 °C
[008251] Liquid as a solution (200 ppm) stored in water/0.1 % citric acid in a sealed bottle, protected from light at 2-4 °C and at 22-24 °C.
[008252] As reference solutions, 200 ppm samples stored in water and water/0.1 % citric acid were prepared and frozen to -30 °C in 100 ml portions. Under those conditions changes in the flavor profile were unlikely.
[008253] Every 2 weeks a sensory test was performed to evaluate the flavor stability.
[008254] Flavor Stability Evaluation - Difference to Reference detected (5 Tasters, Triangle Test Design)
[008255] Test Results
[008256] Storage Time: 0 weeks Sample Tangerine Popcorn Floral Chocolate
Water
Reference
Freshly prepared No No No No
Stored as liquid 2°C No No No No
Stored as liquid 22°C No No No No
Water/Citric Acid
Reference
Freshly prepared No No No No
Stored as liquid 2°C No No No No
Stored as liquid 22°C No No No No
[008257] Storage Time: 2 weeks
_ Sample _ Tangerine _ Popcorn _ Floral _ Chocolate
Water
Reference
Freshly prepared No No No No Stored as liquid 2°C No No No No Stored as liquid 22°C No No ? No Water/Citric Acid
Reference
Freshly prepared No No No No Stored as liquid 2°C No No No No Stored as liquid 22°C No No Yes1 No 1... loss of flavor
[008258] Storage Time: 4 weeks
Sample Tangerine Popcorn Floral Chocolate
Water
Reference
Freshly prepared No No No No
Stored as liquid 2°C No No No No
Stored as liquid 22°C No No Yes1 No
Water/Citric Acid
Reference
Freshly prepared No No No No
Stored as liquid 2°C No No No No
Stored as liquid 22°C No No Yes1 No 1... loss of flavor
[008259] Storage Time: 6 weeks
Figure imgf001163_0001
[008260] Storage Time: 8 weeks
Figure imgf001163_0002
[008261] Storage Time: 10 weeks
Figure imgf001163_0003
Reference -
Freshly prepared No No No No
Stored as liquid 2°C No No No No
Stored as liquid 22°C _ Yes3 _ Yes2 _ Yes1 _ No _
1... substantial loss of flavor 2... bitter 3...Lost Freshness and substantially reduced citrus smell
The results showed that stevia-derived FMPs have antioxidant properties which could keep the taste and aroma stable in both liquid and solid form.
[008262] The stability test was based on the evaluation of the sample solution. Therefore, the sample stored in the solid form was evaluated by dissolving into a solution before evaluation.
[008263] In each table, one control and three samples were compared. Among them, "Freshly prepared" is a sample stored in solid form, which is a solution of sample prepared before evaluation.
[008264] Therefore, the samples were prepared as follows:
Figure imgf001164_0001
[008265] Experiment - Combination of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin in tea, or Coffee, Chocolate Beverages
[008266] Example 216 Combinations of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Caramel (blend of Stevia-derived MRP Caramel and thaumatin (10%))
[008267] Combinations of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Caramel (blend of stevia- derived MRP caramel and thaumatin (10%) in a ratio of 10:1 was added at different amounts to the samples below. Sensory evaluations were performed and represent the joint opinion of 5 tasters. Sample Combination of Sweetness Flavour
stevia-derived
MRP and
Thaumatin (ppm)
100 No change No substantial change
200 Sweet, slightly Harmonic/balanced hot black Russian tea
lingering smell
(no sugar)
300 Lingering sweet Slight caramel, Less
_ bitter _
100 No change No substantial change
200 Sweet, slightly Balanced smell, Less hot black espresso lingering bitter
coffee (no sugar) B00 Lingering sweet Less bitter. More harmonic sweet/acid _ balance _
100 No change Less astringent
200 Sweet, slightly Less astringent, Less hot cacao in milk (no lingering bitter, more milky sugar) 300 Sweet, pleasant Less astringent, Less
Lingering bitter, more milky, harmonic
[008268] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin could be used in tea, coffee and chocholate milk. The combination improved or changed the taste and flavor profile of sugar free products. The added amount depends on desired final products and sweetness and aroma of initial stevia-derived MRPs.
[008269] Example 217 Combinations of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Flora (blend of Stevia-derived MRP Flora and thaumatin (10%)
[008270] Combinations of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Flora (blend of Stevia- derived MRP Flora and thaumatin (10%) in a ratio of 10:1 was added at different amounts to the samples below. Sensory evaluations were performed and represent the joint opinion of 5 tasters. The results showed that combinations of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin could improve the overall taste and aroma of tea, coffee, and chocolate beverages.
Sample Combination of Sweetness Flavour
stevia-derived MRP
Figure imgf001166_0001
[008271] Conclusion: The result demonstrated that cthe ombination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin could be used in a sugar reduced tea beverage. The combination improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of the final products. The added amount depended on desired final product for sweetness or aroma of stevia-derived MRPs. The combination was in range of 0.5 ppm to 2,000 ppm.
[008272] Example 218 - Combination of stevia-derived MRP and Thaumatin ready to use concentrate in beverages
Figure imgf001166_0002
Figure imgf001167_0001
*... prepared according to recipe:
(a) Blend Stevia-derived MRP Caramel and thaumatin (10%) with the ratio of 10:1
(b) Combination of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Caramel: 1.83% (1.83 g blend in 100 g pure water)
Conclusion: The resulta demonstrated that the combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin could be used in flavored water. The combination improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of final product significantly. The amount added could vary from 0.5 ppm to 2,000 ppm depending upon the desired taste profile of the final product and the initial composition of stevia-derived MRPs. Thaumatin concentration in the final product can be in range of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm.
Figure imgf001168_0001
[008273] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin could be used for sugar free energy drinks. The combination improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of the energy drink by using high intensity synthetic sweeteners. Adding different amounts of the combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin created different taste and aroma profiles. The combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin can be used as a flavoring to improve the taste profile of high intensity synthetic sweeteners.
Figure imgf001168_0002
[008274] Example 219 - Comparison of stevia-derived MRPs with corresponding
Figure imgf001168_0003
Combinations of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin in beverages
Figure imgf001168_0004
(Orange Brand: Grobi) stevia-derived harmonic, balanced
MRP and
Thaumatin C
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, mild and MRP C harmonic
Combination of Sweeter than reference, bloomy, stevia-derived almost fully harmonic taste
MRP and
Thaumatin F
Figure imgf001169_0001
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, bloomy, MRP F almost fully harmonic taste, slight off- taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, harmonic, stevia-derived balanced taste
MRP and
Thaumatin P 2.0
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, harmonic MRP P and balanced taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, slight bitter stevia-derived chocolate, almost harmonic taste MRP and
Thaumatin Ch 2.0
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, slight bitter MRP Ch chocolate, almost harmonic taste
Combination of Much Sweeter than reference, very stevia-derived aromatic, pleasant taste
MRP and
Thaumatin T 2.0
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, pleasantly MRP T sour, pleasant taste
C... Caramel, F... Flora, P... Popcorn, Ch... Chocolate, T... Tangerine
*... prepared according to recipe:
(a) Stevia-derived MRP prepared according to recipe
(b) Blend Stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin (10%) with the ratio of 10:1
(c) Combination of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Caramel: 1.83% (1.83 g blend in 100 g pure water)
Conclusion: The results demonstrated both stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin could be used for sugar free beverage as a flavor or a flavor modifier. The combination improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of the sugar free beverage using high intensity synthetic sweeteners. The added combination can be in the range of 0.5 ppm to 2,000 ppm. Thaumatin in the final product can be in the range of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm. Example 220
Sample Flavor* Amount (mL/L) Sensory evaluation
Combination of Sweeter than reference, harmonic, stevia-derived balanced taste
M RP and
Thaumatin C
Figure imgf001170_0001
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, harmonic
M RP C taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, almost stevia-derived harmonic taste, slight lingering M RP and
Thaumatin F 1.6
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, bloomy, M RP F almost harmonic taste, slight
lingering
Combination of Sweeter than reference, harmonic, stevia-derived optimum balanced taste
Sugar free beverage
M RP and
(Cola Brand: Coca Cola)
Figure imgf001170_0002
Thaumatin P
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, harmonic M RP P and balanced taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, bitter stevia-derived chocolate, almost harmonic taste M RP and
Figure imgf001170_0003
Thaumatin Ch
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, slightly bitter M RP Ch chocolate, almost harmonic taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, aromatic, stevia-derived pleasant taste
M RP and
Figure imgf001170_0004
Thaumatin T
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, aromatic, M RP T balanced, pleasant taste
C... Caramel, F... Flora, P... Popcorn, Ch... Chocolate, T... Tangerine
*... prepared according to recipe:
(a) Stevia-derived MRP prepared according to recipe
(b) Blend Stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin (10%) with the ratio of 10:1
(c) Combination of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Caramel: 1.83% (1.83 g blend in 100 g pure water) Conclusion: The results demonstrated both stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin could be used for sugar free cola and other carbonated energy drinks and act as a flavor or a flavor modifer. The combination improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of sugar free cola using high intensity synthetic sweeteners. The added amount of the combination can be in the range of 0.5 ppm to 2,000 ppm. Thaumatin in the final product can be in the range of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm
Example 221
Sample Flavor* Amount (mL/L) Sensory evaluation
Combination of Sweeter and more balanced than stevia-derived reference, very sweet
MRP and
Figure imgf001171_0001
Thaumatin C
Stevia-derived Sweeter and more balanced than MRP C reference, very sweet, slightly sour
Combination of Sweeter than reference, almost stevia-derived balanced, harmonic taste
MRP and
Figure imgf001171_0002
Thaumatin F
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, almost MRP F harmonic taste, slightly lingering
Combination of Sweeter than reference, harmonic, stevia-derived optimum balanced taste
Sugar free beverage MRP and
(Grapefruit Brand:
Figure imgf001171_0003
Thaumatin P
Grobi)
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, harmonic MRP P and balanced taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, bitter stevia-derived chocolate, almost pleasant taste MRP and
Figure imgf001171_0004
Thaumatin Ch
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, slightly bitter MRP Ch chocolate, almost pleasant taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, fresh, no stevia-derived bitterness, aromatic, pleasant taste MRP and
Thaumatin T
Figure imgf001171_0005
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, slightly bitter MRP T chocolate, aromatic pleasant taste
C... Caramel, F... Flora, P... Popcorn, Ch... Chocolate, T... Tangerine *... prepared according to recipe:
(a) Stevia-derived MRP prepared according to recipe
(b) Blend Stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin (10%) with the ratio of 10:1
(c) Combination of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Caramel: 1.83% (1.83 g blend in 100 g pure water)
Conclusion: The results demonstrated both stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin could be used for sugar free flavored beverages and act asa flavor or a flavor modifer. The combination improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of sugar free beverage using high intensity synthetic sweeteners. The added amount of the combination can be in the range of 0.5 ppm to 2,000 ppm. Thaumatin in the final product can be in the range of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm
Example 222
Sample Flavor Amount (mL/L) Sensory evaluation
Combination of Sweeter than reference, slightly sour, stevia-derived slightly more harmonic
MRP and
Figure imgf001172_0001
Thaumatin C
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, slightly sour MRP C
Combination of Sweeter than reference, harmonic, stevia-derived optimum balanced taste
MRP and
Figure imgf001172_0002
Thaumatin F
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, harmonic MRP F and balanced taste
Sugar free beverage Combination of Sweeter than reference, harmonic, (Energy Brand: Red stevia-derived more balanced taste than reference Bull) MRP and
Thaumatin P 2.0
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, harmonic MRP P and balanced taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, slightly stevia-derived bitter chocolate, almost pleasant MRP and taste
Thaumatin Ch 2.0
Stevia-derived Sweeter than reference, slightly MRP Ch bitter chocolate, almost pleasant taste
Combination of Sweeter than reference, fresh,
2.0
stevia-derived slightly bitter chocolate
Figure imgf001173_0001
C... Caramel, F... Flora, P... Popcorn, Ch... Chocolate, T... Tangerine
*... prepared according to recipe:
(a) Stevia-derived MRP prepared according to recipe
(b) Blend Stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin (10%) with the ratio of 10:1
(c) Combination of stevia-derived MRP and thaumatin Caramel: 1.83% (1.83 g blend in 100 g pure water)
[008275] Conclusion: The results demonstrated both stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin could be used for a sugar free energy drink and act as a flavor or a flavor modifer. The combination improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of the sugar free energy drink using high intensity synthetic sweeteners. The added amount of the combination can be in the range of 0.5 ppm to 2,000 ppm. T haumatin in the final product can be in the range of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm.
[008276] Example 223 - Concentration/Sensory Evaluation of Combination of stevia- derived MRP and Thaumatin in beverages
Figure imgf001173_0002
lemon flavor, sweeter than 8.0 mL
12.0 Harmonic sweet/sour balance, typical lemon flavor, sweeter than 10.0 mL, slightly too sweet
20.0 Harmonic sweet/sour balance, typical lemon flavor, sweeter than 12.0 mL, very sweet, slightly sticky
*... C = Caramel
Sample Flavor (mL/L)* Amount (mL/L) Sensory evaluation
0 Sweet/Sour, rasping, typical lemon flavor
1.0 Sweet/Sour, rasping, typical lemon flavor, sweeter than reference
2.0 Sweet/Sour, typical lemon flavor, sweeter than 1.0 mL
3.0 Sweet/Sour, typical lemon flavor, sweeter than 2.0 mL
Homemade lemon
Figure imgf001174_0001
Sweet/Sour, typical lemon flavor, lemonade (squeezed Combination of sweeter than 3.0 mL
lemon juice 1:5 diluted stevia-derived
with water, MRP and
Figure imgf001174_0002
Sweet/Sour balance, typical lemon
6 % sugar, 1.5 % citric Thaumatin C flavor, sweeter than 4.0 mL acid (measured) )
Figure imgf001174_0003
Harmonic sweet/sour balance, typical lemon flavor, sweeter than 6.0 mL
8.0 Harmonic sweet/sour balance, typical lemon flavor, sweeter than 7.0 mL, slightly sticky
10.0 Harmonic sweet/sour balance, typical lemon flavor, sweeter than 8.0 mL, very sweet, slightly sticky
*... C = Caramel
Sample Flavor (mL/L)* Amount (mL/L) Sensory evaluation
Homemade lemon 0 Sweet/Sour, typical lemon flavor
Combination of
lemonade (squeezed 1.0 Sweet/Sour, typical lemon flavor, stevia-derived
lemon juice 1:10 sweeter than reference
MRP and
diluted with water, Thaumatin C 2.0 Optimum sweet/sour balance, typical
4 % sugar, 1.5 % citric lemon flavor
acid (measured) )
Combination of 1.0 Sweet/Sour, typical lemon flavor, stevia-derived sweeter than reference, more
MRP and aromatic
Thaumatin T 2.0 Optimum sweet/sour balance, typical lemon flavor, more aromatic
0 Sweet/Sour, typical lemon flavor
Combination of
1.0 Optimum sweet/sour balance, typical
Homemade lemon stevia-derived
lemon flavor, balanced
lemonade (squeezed MRP and
lemon juice 1:10 Thaumatin C 2.0 Optimum sweet/sour balance, typical lemon flavor, sweet, balanced diluted with water,
6 % sugar, 1.5 % citric Combination of 1.0 Optimum sweet/sour balance, typical acid (measured) ) stevia-derived lemon flavor, balanced, fruity
MRP and 2.0 Good Sweet/Sour balance, very Thaumatin T sweet, typical lemon flavor
*... C = Caramel, T = Tangerine
Figure imgf001175_0001
[008277] Conclusion: The results demonstrated both stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin could be used for a suga r reduced lemonade beverage and act as a flavor or a flavor modifer. The combination improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of the sugar reduced lemonade. The added amount of the combination can be in the range of 0.5 ppm to 2,000 ppm. Thaumatin in the final product could be in the range of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm. [008278] Example 224 - Behavior of Stevia-derived MRP and Thaumatin Chocolate and erythritol in chocolate baked goods
[008279] (Example chocolate muffins)
[008280] Materials:
[008281] Baking Powder "Dr. Oetker", Z21403 Mat.-Nr. 2-01-420999/001, 05.20
L149/M.02
[008282] Eggs "Hausruck Ei", Pn AT 40387
[008283] Cocoa powder„Pit&Pit", D31A00; 8301 PI103211; OUT-0095546 DPD
[008284] Wheat flour "Haberfellner", L805011, 12/2019, 09/08:00
[008285] Milk "Schardinger", 3,5% fat, 04.02.19 L7.2/015/00:10 A/S
[008286] Sunflower oil "Osolio", 09.12.2019 18:46, L831600916
[008287] Sugar "Wiener Zucker", L42170620 3
[008288] Thaumatin (45%, Lot # 20180201)
[008289] Stevia-derived MRP Chocolate (Lot # 211-23-46)
[008290] Erythritol
[008291] Recipe
Figure imgf001176_0001
[008292] Preparation:
[008293] 1. Pour flour and all the dry ingredients in one bowl (flour, sugar, cocoa powder, baking powder)
[008294] 2. Whip all wet ingredients together and pour over the dry ingredients, mix with a hand mixer. [008295] 3. Pour mixture into baking pans and bake in a preheated oven of 170 °C for
20 min.
[008296] Preparation of Stevia-derived MRP and Thaumatin Chocolate solution: Add 180 mg Stevia-derived MRP Chocolate to 5 mg thaumatin (45%) and dissolve in 10 ml water.
[008297] Sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001177_0001
Figure imgf001177_0002
[008298] Conclusion : The combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin significantly improved the taste, mouthfeel, texture and aroma of food products such as baked goods when used in sugar reduced products. The further combination with Erythoritol made the products more palatable that without. The added amount of components depended on the the sweetness, strength of flavor of initial stevia-derived MRPs and the desired final product. The added amount can be in the range of 0.5 ppm to 5,000 ppm. The amount of thaumtin in the final product can be in the range of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm.
[008299] Example 225 - Sensory Evaluation of Thaumatin and Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn in Low Carb/Fat Vanilla Yogurt
[008300] Test Design:
[008301] Low Carb/Fat Vanilla Yogurt (LFVY) as Reference Sample.
[008302] Test Samples were composed of 80 % Low Carb/Fat Vanilla Yogurt (LFVY) and 20 % Low Carb/Fat Plain Yogurt (LFY) with 0 ppm thaumatin (T)- 0 ppm Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn (SAP) , 0.5 ppm thaumatin (T)- 18 ppm Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn (SAP), 1.0 ppm thaumatin (T)- 36 ppm Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn (SAP), 1.5 ppm thaumatin (T)- 54 ppm Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn (SAP) or 2.00 ppm thaumatin (T)- 72 ppm Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn (SAP)
[008303] Sensory evaluations consisted of comparisons of sweetness, flavor intensity and mouth feel (each Sample was compared to a reference and was a Joint Opinion of 5 tasters). Figure 227 depicts the sweetness, flavor and mouth feel profiles of each sample of the LFVY.
[008304] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that both stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin could improve taste, mouthfeel and aroma of low-carb/fat daiary products significantly. The amount added depended on the sweetness and the type of aroma of the stevia-derived MRPs. The added amount of stevia-derived MRPs in the final product can be in the range of about 0.5 to about 2,000 ppm. Thaumatin in the final dairy products could be in the range of 0.1 ppm to 20 ppm
[008305] Example 226 Protein Shake from Pea Protein powder [008306] Materials:
[008307] Bio Pea Protein (SRORGWDD181101F, MHD:16.11.2020, Nurafit Superfoods GmbH)
[008308] Milk "Schardinger", 26.02.19 L7. 4/036/22:05 A/S; TA 2355R1034.0290
[008309] Thaumatin, 45%, Lot # 20180201
[008310] Erythritol (Food Grade, Sigma Aldrich)
[008311] Neohesperidin dihydrohalcone (NHDC) (>96%, Lot # MKBT9446V, Sigma Aldrich)
[008312] Stevia-derived MRPs Caramel, Lot # EPC-240-117-02
[008313] Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn, Lot # 211-31-24
[008314] Stevia-derived MRPs Tangerine, Lot # 240-51-01
[008315] Apple Flavour SD, 01600822, Akras Flavours GmbH
[008316] Banana Flavour, 60265, Select Alimenta
[008317] Hazelnut Flavour, 60406, Select Alimenta
[008318] Caramel Flavour, 60532, Select Alimenta
[008319] Coconut Flavour, 60560, Select Alimenta
[008320] Mango Flavour SD, 730/12B, Akras Aroma GmbH
[008321] Vanilla Flavour SD, 01600332, Akras Flavours GmbH
[008322] Vanilla Flavour, 60297, Select Alimenta
[008323] Wild Berry Flavour SD, 510/11A, Akras Flavours GmbH
[008324] Preparation of Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin solutions: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs (Caramel, Tangerine, Popcorn) were added to 5 mg Thaumatin (45%) and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008325] The sample compositions below are based on a volume of 100 mL milk. Normally, bean protein powder has unpleasant off-note taste. The results demonstrate that the innovative compositions used herein make the bean protein powder taste good without off-note taste.
Figure imgf001180_0001
[008326] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of a protein product significantly. The further combination with one or more components selected from erythritol, NHDC, Vanilla and other flavors made the product palatable. The added amounts depended on the sweetness, intensity of flavor of intial stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin and the desired final product. The added amount can be in the range of about 0.5 ppm to about 2,000 ppm. Thaumatin in the final product could be in the range of about 0.1 ppm to about 20 ppm.
[008327] Example 227
[008328] Materials:
[008329] Raspberry jam, calorie-reduced "D'arbo", MHD:09.09.2020 L 253 8 20120, 884312A
[008330] Raspberry jam extra, "D'arbo", MHD:23.10.2020 L297 8 21:02, HIM 810084A
[008331] Thaumatin, 45%, Lot # 20180201
[008332] Stevia-derived MRPs Tangerine, Lot # 240-51-01
[008333] Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn, Lot # 211-31-24
[008334] Stevia-derived MRPs Caramel, Lot # EPC-240-117-02
[008335] Preparation of Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin solutions: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs (Tangerine, Popcorn, Caramel) were added to 5 mg thaumatin (45%) and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008336] As a reference 1, Raspberry jam extra was used. As a reference 2, Raspberry jam calorie-reduced was used.
[008337] Sensory evaluation:
[008338] The sensory evaluation was performed by 5 tasters (joint opinion).
[008339] Sweetness and sourness were rated on a scale from 0 (not sweet or sour) to 5 (very sweet or sour).
[008340] Before tasting, the tasters discussed the series of enhanced samples and tasted control samples (without added flavor) to find a commonality for descriptions. Thereafter the flavored samples were tasted at various levels to find commonality on how to describe the flavors (taste, smell, intensity).
[008341] Then the "trained" tasters (4-5) blind taste tested independently all samples of in the series. They were allowed to re-taste and prepared notes for the sensory attributes perceived.
[008342] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a mutually agreeable description. In case more than 1 taster disagreed with the mutually agreeable description, the tasting was repeated.
[008343] The composition of the samples refers to added amount of a combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin given to 25 g of jam.
Sample, 25 g Combination Amount, mI Sensory evaluation
of stevia- derived
MRPs and
Thaumatin
solution
Raspberry jam, Sweetness (5), Sourness (4),
regular (Ref 1)
Raspberry jam, calorie- Sweetness (3), Sourness (3), softer reduced (Ref 2) texture
Sweetness (4), Sourness (3), softer
400
texture, more aromatic than Ref 2
Pleasant Sweetness (4)/Sourness (4)
500
Popcorn balance, optimum harmonic & aromatic.
Sweetness (5), Sourness (4), overall
600 taste close to Ref 1, slight lingering
Sweetness
Sweetness (4), Sourness (3), caramel
Raspberry jam, 400
note, more aromatic than Ref 2
calorie-reduced
Pleasant Sweetness (4)/Sourness (4)
500
Caramel balance, optimum harmonic & aromatic
Sweetness (5), Sourness (4), overall
600 taste close to Ref 1, slight lingering,
strong caramel taste
400 Sweetness (4), Sourness (3), caramel
Tangerine note, more aromatic than Ref 2, slight
lingering sweetness
Figure imgf001183_0001
[008344] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin could be used for sugar reduced or non-sugar added jams. The combinations improved the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of sugar reduced jams substantially. The amount of the combination added depended on the sweetness and flavor of the initial stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin, and also the desired final product. In general, the added amount can be from about 0.5 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[008345] Example 228
[008346] Sensory analysis of thaumatin, Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin Popcorn and Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn in yogurt dressings
[008347] Materials:
[008348] Simply good yogurt dressing, 01.03.19 031, 12:18, 33276
[008349] Natural yogurt "Ja !Naturlich", 1%, mild, 04.03.19, 06:37 2, 9005182006827
[008350] Simply good yogurt dressing light, 15.02.19 017, 09:22
[008351] Thaumatin, 45%, Lot # 20180201
[008352] Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn, Lot # 211-31-24
[008353] Preparation of Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin Popcorn:
180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn were added to 5 mg thaumatin (45%) and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008354] Sensory evaluation :
[008355] The sensory evaluation was performed by 5 tasters (joint opinion). Before tasting, the tasters discussed the series of samples and tasted control samples (without added flavor) to find a commonality for descriptions. Thereafter the flavored samples were tasted at various levels to find commonality on how to describe the flavors (taste, smell, intensity). [008356] Then the "trained" tasters (4-5) blind taste tested independently all samples in the series. They were allowed to re-taste and prepared notes for the sensory attributes perceived.
[008357] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a mutually agreeable description. In case more than 1 taster disagreed with the mutually agreeable description, the tasting was repeated.
[008358] Behavior of Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin Popcorn in Light Yogurt Dressing
Figure imgf001184_0001
[008359] The sample with 175 pi represented the best taste profile.
[008360] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the combination of stevia-derived
MRPs and thaumatin could be used in sugar reduced yogurt and other dairy products. The combinations improved taste, mouthfeel and aroma profile of the final product significantly. The amount added in the final product depended on the initial sweetness and flavor of initial product and desired target. In general, the combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin can be added from about 0.5ppm to about 2,000 ppm. Thaumatin in the final product can be from about O.lppm to about 20 ppm.
[008361] Example 229
[008362] Materials:
[008363] Thaumatin, 45%, Lot # 20180201
[008364] Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn, Lot # 211-31-24
[008365] Preparation of Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn solution: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn were directly weighed into a volumetric flask and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008366] Preparation of Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin Popcorn solution: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn were added to 5 mg thaumatin (45%) and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008367] Experiment 2. Comparison of Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn and Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin Popcorn solutions to 6.5% sugar solution
Figure imgf001185_0001
[008368] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin can be used as a flavor and a sweetness enhancer. The result can be extended to all type of stevia-derived MRPs and its combination of Thaumatin. The threshold of sweetness or upper limit of non-sweetness below 1.5% SE depends on the specific formulation of products. In case, the sweetness is above 1.5%, it can show sweetness synergy with sugar and other sweetners. [008369] Example 230
[008370] Materials:
[008371] Thaumatin, 45%, Lot # 20180201
[008372] Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn, Lot # 211-31-24
[008373] Preparation of Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn solution: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn were directly weighed into a volumetric flask and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008374] Preparation of Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin Popcorn solution: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn were added to 5 mg thaumatin (45%) and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008375] Experiment 2. Comparison of Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn and Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin Popcorn solutions to 6.5% sugar solution
Figure imgf001186_0001
[008376] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that stevia-derived MRPs and their combination with Thaumatin could be used as a flavor and as a sweet enhancer. The result can be extended to all type of stevia-derived MRPs and its combination of Thaumatin. The threshold of sweetness or upper limit of non-sweetness below 1.5% SE depends on the specific formulation of products. In case, the sweetness is above 1.5%, it can show sweetness synergy with sugar and other sweetners.
[008377] Example 231
[008378] The residue of steviol glycosides, amino acid and reducing sugar in S-MRP
[008379] Sample preparation [008380] Two S-MRP-CA samples were prepared according to the method described in Example50. The lot # of the samples were 240-117-01 and 240-117-03.
[008381] Two S-MRP-FL samples were prepared according to the method described in Example 49. The lot # of the samples were 240-98-01 and 240-98-03.
[008382] Analysis of residue of steviol glycosides
[008383] The content of steviol glycosides in the S-MRP was analyzed by HPLC according to the method of JECFA 2010.
[008384] Reagents
[008385] Acetonitrile: more than 95% transmittance at 210 nm.
[008386] Standards
[008387] Stevioside: more than 99.0% purity on the dried basis.
[008388] Rebaudioside A: more than 99.0% purity on the dried basis.
[008389] Mixture of nine steviol glycosides standard solution: Containing stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, rubusoside and steviolbioside. This solution is diluted with water-acetonitrile (7:3) accordingly and is used for the confirmation of retention times.
[008390] Standards are available from ChromaDex, USA.
[008391] Standard solution
[008392] Accurately weigh 50 mg of stevioside and rebaudioside A standard into each of two 50-ml volumetric flasks. Dissolve and make up to volume with water-acetonitrile (7:3).
[008393] Sample solution
[008394] Accurately weigh 50-100 mg of sample into a 50-ml volumetric flask. Dissolve and make up to volume with water-acetonitrile (7:3).
[008395] Procedure
[008396] Inject 5 pL of sample solution under the following conditions.
[008397] Column: C18 column (length: 250 mm; inner diameter: 4.6mm, particle size:
5pm)
[008398] Mobile phase: 32:68 mixture of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.6) [008399] Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min
[008400] Detector: UV at 210 nm
[008401] Column temperature: 40°C
[008402] Record the chromatogram for about 30 min.
[008403] Identification of the peaks and Calculation
[008404] Identify the peaks from the sample solution by comparing the retention time with the peaks from the mixture of nine steviol glycosides standard solution. Measure the peak areas for the nine steviol glycosides from the sample solution. Measure the peak area for stevioside and rebaudioside A from their standard solutions.
[008405] Calculate the percentage of each of the eight steviol glycosides except rebaudioside A in the sample from the formula:
[008406] %X = [Ws/W] x [fxAx/As] x 100
[008407] Calculate the percentage of rebaudioside A in the sample from the formula:
[008408] %Rebaudioside A= [WR/W] X [AX/AR] X 100
[008409] where
[008410] X is each steviol glycoside;
[008411] Ws is the amount (mg) calculated on the dried basis of stevioside in the standard solution;
[008412] WR is the amount (mg) calculated on the dried basis of rebaudioside A in the standard solution;
[008413] W is the amount (mg) calculated on the dried basis of sample in the sample solution;
[008414] As is the peak area for stevioside from the standard solution;
[008415] AR is the peak area for rebaudioside from the standard solution;
[008416] Ax is the peak area of X for the sample solution; and
[008417] fx is the ratio of the formula weight of X to the formula weight of stevioside: 1.00 (stevioside), 1.20 (rebaudioside A), 1.00 (rebaudioside B), 1.18 (rebaudioside C), 1.40 (rebaudioside D ), 1.16 (rebaudioside F), 0.98 (dulcoside A), 0.80 (rubusoside) and 0.80 (steviolbioside). [008418] Calculate the percentage of total steviol glycosides (sum the nine steviol glycosides, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, rubusoside and steviolbioside).
[008419] Analysis of residue of amino acid
[008420] The content of amino acid in the S-MRP was analyzed by HPLC- ELSD according to the method of Chinese Journal of chromatography, Vol 29, No. 9, 908~911.
[008421] Instrument
[008422] Agilent 1100 HPLC
[008423] Dikma SEVEX75 ELSD
[008424] Reagents
[008425] Alanine and phenylalanine: BR grade.
[008426] Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), heptafluorobutyric acid, hydrochloric acid, methanol.
[008427] Procedure
[008428] Moble phase (A): 2ml heptafluorobutyric acid and 1ml trifluoroacetic acid were dissolve in 1000ml water. Filter through 0.22pm membrane.
[008429] Moble phase (B): methanol
[008430] Moble phase gradient
Figure imgf001189_0001
[008431] Column: SHISEIDO Capcell Pak Cis MG II S5 (5pm, 4.6mm x 250mm )
[008432] Standard curve [008433] Weigh 50mg of the amino acid in a 50ml volumetric flask, add O.Olmol/L hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve by ultrasonic and make up the volume. Thus obtain the stock solution. Draw l.OmL, 2.0mL, 3.0mL, 4.0mL, 5.0mL stock solution into lOmL volumetric flask and make up the volume by 0.01 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution. Filter by 0.22 pm membrane.
[008434] Sample solution
[008435] Weigh 50mg of the amino acid in a 10ml volumetric flask, add O.Olmol/L hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve by ultrasonic and make up the volume. Filter by 0.22 pm membrane.
[008436] Analysis of residue of reducing sugar
[008437] The content of reducing sugar in S-MRP was entrusted to Eurofins for analysis.
[008438] Result
[008439] The residues of steviol glycosides in S-MRP are listed in the table below.
Figure imgf001190_0001
* the TSG means the total steviol glycosides, which is the sum of the nine steviol glycosides, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, rubusoside and steviolbioside.
[008440] The residues of amino acid in S-MRP are listed in the table below.
Figure imgf001190_0002
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that stevia-de rived MRPs can contain remaining unreacted sugar donor, amine donor and sweetening agent under reaction conditions. This example can be extended to any other type of sweetening agent-derived MRP. The remaining amount of unreacted substances depend on the amount of added starting material and reaction conditions . Any or all reactants could be consumed completely under certain reaction condition depending upon targeted final products.
[008441] The residues of reducing sugar in S-MRP are listed in the table below.
Figure imgf001191_0001
[008442] Example 232
[008443] Effect of thaumatin, Stevia-derived MRPs Flora and Combination of stevia- derived MRPs and thaumatin Floral on the taste modification (mouth feel) of energy drink
[008444] Materials:
[008445] Red Bull sugar free (06-17-19/A4 1, 164700167/11:20)
[008446] Thaumatin, 45%, Lot # 20180201
[008447] Stevia-derived MRPs Floral, Lot # 240-71-01
[008448] Preparation of thaumatin solution: 5 mg thaumatin (45%) were weighed and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008449] Preparation of Stevia-derived MRPs Floral solution: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs Floral were weighed and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008450] Preparation of Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and thaumatin Floral solution: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs (Floral) were added to 5 mg thaumatin (45%) and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008451] Sensory evaluation
[008452] Before tasting, the tasters discussed the series of samples and tasted control samples (without added flavor) to find a commonality for descriptions. Thereafter the flavored samples were tasted at various levels to find a commonality on how to describe the flavors (taste, smell, intensity).
[008453] Four trained tasters blind taste tested independently all samples in the series. They were allowed to re-taste and prepared notes for the sensory attributes perceived.
[008454] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a mutually agreeable description. In case more than 1 taster disagrees with the mutually agreeable description, the tasting was repeated.
[008455] Test Results
Figure imgf001192_0001
[008456] Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin could improve the overall taste and aroma profile of a sugar free energy drink. The amount added can be extended to about 1 to about 2000 ppm. All types of stevia-derived MRPs and its combination with Thaumatin can be used.
[008457] Example 233
[008458] Materials:
[008459] Fanta Zero Strawberry Twist, 22.06.2019, L21M08:21WP
[008460] Fanta Zero Lemon, 14.03.2019, L12J11:24WP
[008461] Schartner Bombe, sugarfree, 25.09.2019 07:11, L/250919
[008462] Grobi Orange Maracuja, 181219 GM 1.5 G, 19.09.19 (08:45) thaumatin, 45%, Lot
# 20180201 [008463] Stevia-derived MRPs Floral, Lot # 240-71-01
[008464] Stevia-derived MRPs Tangerine, Lot # 240-51-01
[008465] Stevia-derived MRPs Popcorn, Lot # 211-31-24
[008466] Stevia-derived MRPs Chocolate, Lot # 211-23-46
[008467] Stevia-derived MRPs Caramel, Lot # EPC-240-117-02
[008468] Preparation of Stevia-derived MRPs solutions: 180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs (Floral, Tangerine, Popcorn, Chocolate, and Caramel) were weighed and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008469] Preparation of Combination of Stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin solutions:
180 mg Stevia-derived MRPs (Floral, Tangerine, Popcorn, Chocolate, Caramel) were added to 5 mg thaumatin (45%) and dissolved in 10 ml water.
[008470] Sensory evaluation
[008471] Before tasting, the tasters discussed the series of samples and tasted control samples (without added flavor) to find a commonality for descriptions. Thereafter the flavored samples were tasted at various levels to find commonality on how to describe the flavors (taste, smell, intensity).
[008472] Five trained tasters blind taste tested independently all samples in the series. They were allowed to re-taste and prepared notes for the sensory attributes perceived.
[008473] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a mutually agreeable description. In case more than 1 taster disagreed with the result, the tasting was repeated.
[008474] Experiment 1:
Figure imgf001193_0001
Combination of 100 Very good Sour/Sweet Balance, increased Stevia-derived flavor perception (floral notes), more long- MRPs and lasting, good mouth feel
Thaumatin
Floral
Stevia-derived 100 Good Sour/Sweet Balance, increased flavor M RPs Floral perception (floral notes), more long-lasting,
_ medium mouth feel _
Combination of 100 Less sour, sweeter, increased flavor SteviAroma- perception, more long-lasting, medium derived MRPs mouth feel
and Thaumatin
Popcorn
Stevia-derived 100 Less sour, sweeter, slightly increased flavor MRPs Popcorn perception, more long-lasting, medium mouth feel
Combination of 100
SteviAroma- Less sour, sweeter, increased flavor derived MRPs perception (chocolate notes), more long- and Thaumatin lasting, medium mouth feel
Chocolate
Stevia-derived 100 Less sour, sweeter, slightly increased flavor M RPs Chocolate perception (chocolate notes), more long-
_ lasting, medium mouth feel _
Combination of 100 Very good Sour/Sweet Balance, increased SteviAroma- flavor perception (citrus notes), more long- derived MRPs lasting, very good mouth feel
and Thaumatin
Tangerine
Stevia-derived 100 Good Sour/Sweet Balance, increased flavor MRPs Tangerine perception (citrus notes), more long-lasting, good mouth feel
[008475] Experiment 2:
Sample Sweetener Amount, mI Sensory evaluation
Sour, Sweet, fruity lemon flavor, quickly disappearing, low mouth feel
Combination of 100 Very good Sour/Sweet Balance, increased SteviAroma- flavor perception, more long-lasting, good derived MRPs mouth feel
Fanta Lemon
and Thaumatin
Zero, 50 ml
Caramel
Stevia-derived 100 Less Sour, sweeter, slightly increased flavor MRPs Caramel perception, medium mouth feel _
Combination of 100 Very good Sour/Sweet Balance, increased SteviAroma- flavor perception (floral notes), more long-
Figure imgf001195_0001
[008476] ExperimentB:
Figure imgf001195_0002
Figure imgf001196_0001
SteviAroma- perception (floral notes), more long-lasting, derived MRPs good mouth feel
and Thaumatin
Floral
Stevia-derived 100 Good Sour/Sweet Balance, slightly increased MRPs Floral flavor perception (floral notes), more long- lasting, medium mouth feel
Combination of 100 Very good Sour/Sweet Balance, increased SteviAroma- flavor perception, more natural, more long- derived MRPs lasting, very good mouth feel
and Thaumatin
Popcorn
Stevia-derived 100 Good Sour/Sweet Balance, slightly increased MRPs Popcorn flavor perception , less artificial, more long- lasting, good mouth feel
Combination of 100
SteviAroma- Less sour, sweeter, increased flavor perception derived MRPs (chocolate notes), more long-lasting, good and Thaumatin mouth feel
Chocolate
Stevia-derived 100 Less sour, sweeter, slightly increased flavor MRPs perception (chocolate notes), more long- Chocolate lasting, medium mouth feel
Combination of 100 Very good Sour/Sweet Balance, increased SteviAroma- flavor perception (citrus notes), more natural, derived MRPs more long-lasting, very good mouth feel and Thaumatin
Tangerine
Stevia-derived 100 Good Sour/Sweet Balance, slightly increased MRPs flavor perception (citrus notes), more natural, Tangerine more long-lasting, good mouth feel
[008478] Conclusion: all these examples showed that both stevia-derived MRPs and combinations of stevia-dereived MPRs and thaumatin could significantly improve the overall taste and flavour profile of sugar free carbonated soft drinks. The added amount of the composition can be in the range of about lppm to about 2,000 ppm, and all type of stevia- derived MRPs and their combination with thaumatin can be used for sugar free or sugar reduced carbonated beveraged and flavoured waters.
[008479] Example 234
[008480] Material and Methods [008481] Materials
[008482] EPCalin (Thaumatin 45%), Lot # 20180201, Neohesperidine dihydrohalcone
(NHDC) (>96%, Lot # MKBT9446V, Sigma Aldrich), Stevia composition: Combination of GSGs and SGs (referred as "GSGs and SGs"), Lot # B070B01
[008483] Sample preparation
[008484] 4.5 ppm Thaumatin (equivalent to 10 ppm EPCalin) were dissolved in water.
Increasing amounts of NHDC (1-5 ppm) were added to the solution and the sensory properties were evaluated.
[008485] 50 ppm (GSGs and SGs) were dissolved in water. Increasing amounts of NHDC (1-
5 ppm) were added to the solution and the sensory properties were evaluated.
[008486] 50 ppm (GSGs and SGs) and 4.5 ppm Thaumatin (equivalent to 10 ppm EPCalin) were dissolved in water. Increasing amounts of NHDC (1-5 ppm) were added to the solution and the sensory properties were evaluated.
[008487] Results
Table 1, Sensory evaluation of combinations of EPCalin and NHDC
Figure imgf001198_0003
When NHDC was added in higher amounts (4 and 5 ppm), it yielded long lasting lingering. That is most likely due to the FMP of NHDC boosting of the sensory properties of thaumatin. See for example, Figure 266 , for a graphical representation of the time/intensity profile of NHDC and Thumatin and combinations thereof.
[008488] Table 2, Sensory evaluation of combinations of Combination of GSGs and SGs and NHDC
Figure imgf001198_0001
Sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001198_0002
Figure imgf001199_0001
[008489] Sweetness intensity was rated on 5-point scale
[008490] Figure 267, is a graphical representation of sweetness intensity and mouth-feel of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs.
[008491] Figure 268 and Figure 269 are graphical representations of time/intensity profile of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs.
[008492] Table 3, Sensory evaluation of combinations of Combination of GSGs and SGs/EPCalin and NHDC
Figure imgf001199_0002
[008493] Sweetness intensity was rated on 5-point scale
[008494] Addition of 4, 5 ppm NHDC boosts the lingering.
[008495] Figure 270 is a graphical representation of the sweetness intensity, lingering and mouth-feel of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs/EPCalin. [008496] Figure 271 is a graphical representation of the time/intensity profile of combinations with NHDC and Combination of GSGs and SGs/EPCalin.
[008497] Conclusions
[008498] Combinations of EPCalin (Thaumatin) with 1-3 ppm NHDC provided increased sweetness and quicker onset of sweetness.
[008499] Compositions of sweetening agents, for instance, GSGs and SGs with 1-5 ppm NHDC yielded increased sweetness and mouth-feel together with a quicker onset of sweetness.
[008500] Compositions of sweetening agents and sweetener enhancers, such as combinations of GSGs and SGs/EPCalin with 1-3 ppm NHDC provided increased sweetness and mouth-feel together with a quicker onset of sweetness and a slight increase in lingering. However, the overall lingering contributed by thaumatin for the combination of Thaumatin with stevia glycosides (GSGs and SGs) was considerably lower when compared to thaumatin alone.
[008501] The results showed that compositions of Thaumatin with dihydrochalone glycosides like NHDC, compositions of sweetening agents with dihydrochalone glycosides like NHDC, composition of sweetening agents, Thaumatin and dihydrochalone glycosides like NHDC have a ssynergistic effect, and can be used as a flavor or a sweetener.
[008502] The ratio in the compositions can be varied as per the desired purpose. For instance, every ingredient in the composition can be in the range of from about 0.1 ppm to about 99.5%.
[008503] Example 235
[008504] Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin.
[008505] Material and Methods
[008506] Materials
[008507] D-Xylose, >99 %, STBG7912, Sigma Aldrich, EPCalin (Thaumatin 45%), Lot # 20180201, DL-Phenylalanine, 98%, Lot # 51K1696, Sigma Aldrich, Stevia glycosides TSG95, Lot # 20180413
[008508] Sample preparation [008509] Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin 1 : 0.67 g xylose, 0.33 g phenylalanine and 4 g Stevia glycosides TSG95 were dissolved in 2.5 g deionized water. The solution was heated to about 100 °C for 1 h. After the reaction, 0.278 g EPCalin (45%) was added to the sample and then water was added to a final mass of 25 g.
[008510] Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin 2: 0.67 g xylose, 0.33 g phenylalanine, 4 g Stevia glycosides TSG95 and 0,278 g EPCalin (45%) were dissolved in 2.5 g 5mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4). The solution was heated to about 100 °C for 1 h. After the reaction, water was added to a final mass of 25 g.
[008511] Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin 3: 0.67 g xylose, 0.33 g phenylalanine, 4 g Stevia glycosides TSG95 and 0,278 g EPCalin (45%) were dissolved in 2.5 g water. The solution was heated to about 100 °C for 1 h. After the reaction, water was added to a final mass of 25 g.
[008512] Each sample was added at a concentration of 1500 ppm to freshly prepared lemon juice (squeezed lemons diluted 1:5 with tap water) containing 4 % sugar.
[008513] Each sample was added at a concentration of 1500 ppm to Red Bull Sugarfree (13.03.2020/D#3, 1716331/15:59).
[008514] Each sample was added at a concentration of 1000 ppm to Felix Ketchup no added sugar (31.12.2019 L8352, 11:48).
[008515] Sensory evaluation
[008516] For all samples the color and flavor were documented by the analyst and a second independent trained taster.
[008517] Before tasting the tasters discussed the upcoming series of samples and tasted samples with the predetermined attributes (sweetness) with varying intensities to find a common description. Four trained tasters blind taste tested independently all samples of a series. They were allowed to re-taste and prepared notes for sensory attributes perceived including the relative intensity.
[008518] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find an acceptable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the description, the tasting was repeated. [008519] Results
[008520] Table 1, Color and smell of a differently prepared combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin.
Figure imgf001202_0001
Table 2, Taste of a differently prepared combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin in lemon juice.
Figure imgf001202_0002
Table 3, Taste of a differently prepared combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin in Red Bull Sugarfree.
Figure imgf001202_0003
Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin Sweeter than reference, more
3 balanced sweetness, more harmonic flavor
Overall Ranking; Best 2, followed by 1 equal to 3
Table 4, Taste of a differently prepared combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin in Felix Ketchup no added sugar.
Sample Taste
Reference (Felix Ketchup no added sugar) Spicy, sweet-sour taste, slightly empty Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin Sweeter than reference, more
1 balanced mouth-feeling, more harmonic flavor
Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin Sweeter than reference, optimum
Figure imgf001203_0001
mouth-feeling, balanced flavor
Figure imgf001203_0002
Combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin Sweeter than reference, more
3 balanced mouth-feeling, more harmonic flavor
Overall Ranking; Best 2, followed by 1 equal to 3
[008521] Conclusions
[008522] Combinations of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin prepared by reaction of an amino acid, the sugar and SGs with thaumatin added afterwards without involving Thaumatin in the reaction could be used, but is rated less palatable than the same combination prepared in a "one-pot" in a sodium acetate buffer (pH=4) when added to lemon juice (4 % sugar), Red Bull Sugarfree and Ketchup with no added sugar. A combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin prepared in "one-pot" in water was rated equal to a combination of stevia-derived MRPs and Thaumatin prepared by reaction of the amino acid, the sugar and SGs with thaumatin added afterwards without involving Thaumatin in the reaction when added to lemon juice (4 % sugar), Red Bull Sugarfree and Ketchup with no added sugar .
[008523] The examples show that any ingredient in the composition of this invention could be either added before Maillard reaction, or afterwards without involving it in the reaction. Both type of products can be used as a flavor or a sweetener to improve the taste, mouthfeel and aroma of final products. [008524] The ratio of every ingredient in the composition, sweetening agent, sugar donor, amine donor, sweet enhancer can be varied as per the desired target. Every ingredient in the composition can be in the range of from about 0.1 ppm to about 99.5%.
[008525] Example 236
[008526] Preparation and sensory analysis of Stevia-derived MRPs with Thaumatin instead of Amino Acid
[008527] Materials:
[008528] D-Galactose, >99%, Lot # 039K00592V, Sigma-Aldrich
[008529] Stevia composition A (SGA): Combination of GSGs and SGs, Lot # 3070301
[008530] "SGA" or "ZO" as used throughout the specification and figures refers to a composition that is GSG-RA20.
[008531] EPCalin (Thaumatin 45%, Lot # 20180201)
[008532] Sample preparation:
[008533] 0,8 g galactose, 2 g EPCalin (45%) and 10 g SGA (Combination of GSGs and SGs) were dissolved in 30 g deionized water. The solution was heated at about 100 °C for 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. After the reaction time, the samples were transferred to ice-cold water. After cooling to the room temperature, a sensory analysis (color, odor, taste) was performed. For the taste evaluation the samples were diluted with water 1:1000.
[008534] Sensory analysis:
[008535] Before tasting the tasters discussed the upcoming series of samples to find commonality of the factors to be described and the rating on the intensity scale (5-point scale: 0 (none) - 5 (very strong). Thereafter the samples were tasted at the use level to find commonality on how to describe the flavors (color, odor, taste, intensity).
[008536] Five trained tasters were blind taste tested independently all samples of a series. They were allowed to re-taste and made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find an agreeable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with the description, the tasting was repeated. [008537] Time/Intensity rating was performed by 5 tasters who, while tasting, could press a button which records the exact timing on a computer (i.e. first press=start, second press=onset of sweetness). The test results given are the median values for the 5 tasters.
Figure imgf001205_0001
[008538] Sweetness Time/Intensity profile of a Stevia-derived MRPs sample with Thaumatin instead of Amino Acid
Figure imgf001206_0001
[008539] Figure 272 is a graphical description of a Summary View of the sweetness time/intensity profile of the stevia-derived MRP samples with thaumatin in place of an amino acid.
[008540] Figure 273 and Figure 274 are graphical descriptions of the sweetness time/intensity profile of the stevia-derived MRP samples with thaumatin in place of an amino acid for selected heating times.
[008541] Conclusions
[008542] Replacement of amino acid by thaumatin and use of a sweetening agent, such as a ombination of GSGs and SGs as a steviol-glycoside extract, yielded a fruity citrus flavor with a sweet taste and no discernable after taste.
[008543] When comparing different reaction times, the lingering sweetness (most likely caused by thaumatin) is substantially shortened (from 50 to 30 seconds) without a loss of sweetness or taste modifications.
[008544] The results showed that the stevia-derived MRPs could be preparable by Thaumatin without amine donor. The resultant products could be used as a flavor or as a sweetener. Surprisingly, the lingering of thaumatin could be reduced substantially by this method. This example can be extended to different types of sugar donor or different types of sweetening agent. Every ingredient in the composition can be in the range of from about 0.1 to about 99.5%. The reaction conditions such as temperature, PH value, reaction time etc. can be varied as per the desired products.
[008545] Example 237
[008546] Use of protein(s) or peptides or combinations of proteins and peptides as additional amino source
[008547] The addition of proteins to the preparation of stevia-derived MRPs can have an influence on the sensory properties.
[008548] Materials
[008549] D-Xylose, >99 %, STBG7912, Sigma Aldrich; DL-Phenylalanine, 98%, Lot #
51K1696, Sigma Aldrich; Stevia extract TSG95, Lot # 20180413; Spirulina extract (acid stable blue, mainly peptides ), Lot # EPC-245-50; milk protein C8654 Sigma-Aldrich, Casein sodium salt from bovine milk
[008550] Sample preparation
[008551] Stevia derived MRP with Spirulina I: 0,67 g xylose, 0,33 g phenylalanine, 4 g Stevia extract TSG95 and 0,2 g spirulina extract were dissolved in 2,5 g deionized water. The solution was heated at about 100 °C for 2 h. After the reaction, the slurry was diluted with 25 g water.
[008552] Stevia derived MRP with Spirulina II: 0,67 g xylose, 0,33 g phenylalanine, 4 g Stevia extract TSG95 and 0,1 g spirulina extract were dissolved in 2,5 g deionized water. The solution was heated at about 100 °C for 2 h. After the reaction, the slurry was diluted with 25 g water.
[008553] Stevia derived MRP with dried milk protein: 0,67 g xylose, 0,33 g phenylalanine, 4 g Stevia extract TSG95 and 0,1 g milk protein were dissolved in 2,5 g deionized water. The solution was heated at about 100 °C for 2 h. After the reaction, the slurry was diluted with 25 g water.
[008554] 100 pi of the stevia derived MRP were added to 100 ml Reb Bull Sugarfree.
[008555] Sensory evaluation [008556] For all samples the color and flavor were documented by the analyst and a second independent trained taster.
[008557] Before tasting the tasters discussed the upcoming series of samples and tasted samples with the predetermined attributes with varying intensities to find commonality for the description. Four trained tasters blind taste tested independently all samples of a series. They were allowed to re-taste and made notes for the sensory attributes perceived including the relative intensity.
[008558] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find an agreeable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with thedescription, the tasting was repeated.
[008559] Results
Table 1, Sensory evaluation of stevia derived MRP with Spirulina I
Color _ Odor _ Taste* _ Taste Profile in RB sugarfree**
Dark brown Marzipan Intensive sweet, protein Increased mouth-feeling, aftertaste marzipan notes, protein
_ aftertaste _
Figure imgf001208_0001
*... after dilution 1:100 compared to control sample without added stevia derived
MRP
Table 2, Sensory evaluation of stevia derived MRP with Spirulina II
Color Odor Taste* Taste Profile in RB sugarfree**
Dark brown Marzipan Intensive sweet, Slight Increased mouth-feeling, protein aftertaste marzipan notes, Slight protein aftertaste
*... after dilution 1:100 **... compared to control sample without added stevia derived
MRP
[008560] In both experiments with spirulina, the blue color changed irreversibly to brown.
Tables, Sensory evaluation of stevia derived MRP with Milk protein
Color_ Odor_ Taste* Taste Profile in RB sugarfree** Light brown Grass, Sweet, heated milk Increased mouth-feeling, slight heated milk note notes, harmonic milk
Figure imgf001209_0001
*... after dilution 1:100 compared to control sample without added stevia derived
MRP
[008561] Conclusions
[008562] Compositions comprising MRPs prepared by use of proteins from various sources have a substantial effect on the sensory properties of stevia derived MRPs. The product can be used in food or beverage as a flavor or a sweetener to enhance the taste, mouthfeel and/or aroma of the final product. The ratio of protein, peptide, or combination of protein and peptide added can be in the range of from about 0.1% to about 99.5% on weight to weight basis based on the total amount of starting material. The examples can be extended to other types of sugar donors, sweetening agent, and protein/peptides.
[008563] Example 238
[008564] Materials:
[008565] D-(-)-Fructose, Lot # BCBC1225, Sigma Aldrich
[008566] L(+)-Lysine, Lot # 0001442572, Sigma Aldrich
[008567] Steviol glycosides (referred as SGA) : combination of GSGs and SGs, Lot # 3070301
[008568] Conditions:
[008569] Solution: Phosphate buffer, 0,2 M, pH 8,0
[008570] Heating Type: Drying oven, 100 °C
[008571] Heating Time: 2 h
[008572] Sensory evaluation
[008573] Before tasting the tasters discussed the upcoming series of samples and tasted regular samples (without added flavour) to find a commonality for description. Thereafter the flavored samples were tasted at the use level to find a common description for how to describe the flavors (taste, smell, intensity). [008574] Four trained tasters blind taste tested independently all samples of a series. They were allowed to re-taste and made notes for the sensory attributes perceived.
[008575] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find an agreeable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with thedescription, the tasting was repeated.
Figure imgf001210_0001
S [008576] Conclusions: By changing the ratio of sweetening agent, such as stevia glycosides in the composition, stevia-derived MRPs could create different types of sweetness and aroma profile of products. All these types of products can be used as a flavor or as a sweetener for food, beverage, feed, cosmetic or a pharamceutical. The type and amount of sugar donor, amine donor, sweetening agent, the reaction condition such as reaction time, temperature, PH value etc. can be varied as per the desired requirement of the final product.
[008577] Example 239
[008578] Introduction
[008579] The following examples were prepared to investigate the influence of the reaction time on the sensory properties of stevia derived MRPs (using combinations of GSGs and SGs).
[008580] Material and Methods
[008581] Materials:
[008582] D-(-)-Fructose, Lot # BCBC1225, Sigma Aldrich, D-Xylose, > 99 %, Sigma-Aldrich, STBG7912, L(+)-Lysine, Lot # 0001442572, Sigma Aldrich, Stevia composition(referred as ZO):combination of GSGs and SGs, Lot # 3070301
[008583] Grobi Orange (181228 GO 1.5 G; 28.09.19 (11:55), Drink Star GmbH)
[008584] Methods:
[008585] Sample preparation
[008586] Samples were dissolved as provided n Table 1 in 10 mL phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.0), heated to 120 °C for 10-120 minutes, cooled down to room temperature and sensory analysis was conducted.
Table 1, Sample No, Composition and heating time at 120 °C
Figure imgf001211_0001
5 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Fru + 1 g ZO 60 min
6 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Fru + 1 g ZO 90 min
7 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Fru + 1 g ZO 120 min
8 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Xyl + 1 g ZO 10 min
9 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Xyl + 1 g ZO 20 min
10 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Xyl + 1 g ZO 30 min
11 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Xyl + 1 g ZO 45 min
12 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Xyl + 1 g ZO 60 min
13 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Xyl + 1 g ZO 90 min
14 10 mM Lys + 10 mM Xyl + 1 g ZO 120 min
[008587] The stevia-derived MRPs were then added at the concentrations given in Figures 275 through 284 to sugar-free beverages to investigate the increase of sweetness when compared to the beverage without added stevia-derived MRPs.
[008588] Sensory evaluation
[008589] For all samples the color and flavor were documented by the analyst and a second independent trained taster.
[008590] Before tasting the tasters discussed the upcoming series of samples and tasted samples with the predetermined attributes (sweetness) with varying intensities to find commonality in description. The intensity was rated on 0 (no increase)-5 (intensive) scale. Four trained tasters blind taste tested independently all samples of a series. They were allowed to re-taste and made notes for the sensory attributes perceived including the intensity.
[008591] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find and acceptable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with thedescription, the tasting was repeated.
[008592] Results
Table 2, Sensory test results for the color and flavor (odor) of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/Zo) with increasing heating times
Sample No Color* Sweet Honey Herbal Flowery
1 Yellow 1 4 0 0 0
2 Yellow 1 3 0 0 0
S Yellow 2 2 1 0 0
4 Yellow 2 1 2 2 0
5 Yellow S 0 S 2 0
6 Yellow S 0 4 0 2 7 Yellow S 0 4 0 2
*... Numbers indicate intensity of color
Figure 275 is a graphical description of the sensory test results for the flavor (odor) of stevia- derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/Zo) with increased heating time.
Table S, Sensory test results for the color and flavor (odor) of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/Zo) with increasing heating times
Sample No Color* Sweet Honey Flowery
8 Yellow 1 2 0 3
9 Yellow 1 3 0 3
10 Yellow 2 4 0 2 11 Yellow 2 4 0 1 12 Yellow 3 5 1 0
13 Yellow 4 5 2 0
14 Yellow 5 5 3 0
...Numbers indicate intensity of color
Figure 276 is a graphical description of the sensory test results for the flavor (odor) of stevia- derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/Zo) with increased heating times. Table 4, Sensory test results for the taste of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/Zo) with increasing heating times
Figure imgf001214_0001
Figure 277 is a graphical description of sensory test results for the taste of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/Zo) with increased heating time.
Table 5, Sensory test results for the taste of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/Zo) with increasing heating times
Figure imgf001214_0002
Figure 278 is a graphical description of sensory test results for the taste of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/Zo) with increased heating times.
Figure 279 and Figure 280 provide comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
Figure 281 and Figure 282 provide comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
Figure 283 provides comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Fru/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness. Figure 284 provides comparison of added amounts of stevia-derived MRPs (Lys/Xyl/ZO) with different heating times and the perceived added sweetness.
[008593] Conclusions
[008594] When heating a stevia-derived MRP comprised of Lysine/Fructose/Stevia composition for different time periods (10-120 min at 120 °C) the color increases and the odor changes substantially from sweet to honey, then herbal and finally flowery notes. The taste changes from solely sweet to herbal/flowery sweet with a slight, palatable bitterness.
[008595] When heating a stevia-derived MRP comprised of Lysine/Xylose/Stevia composition for different time periods (10-120 min at 120 °C) the color increases and the odor changes substantially from sweet/flowery to sweet/honey. The taste changes from solely sweet to honey/sweet with a slight, palatable bitterness.
[008596] When adding stevia-derivied MRPs comprised of Lysine/Fructose/Stevia composition with different heating times (10-120 min at 120 °C) to a sugar-free beverage at different concentrations the perceived sweetness changes depending from the concentration added and the heating time. In all cases investigated the perceived sweetness is significantly higher when compared to the reference (no stevia-derived MRP added).
[008597] When adding stevia-derivied MRPs comprised of Lysine/Xylose/Stevia composition with different heating times (10-120 min at 120 °C) to a sugar-free beverage at different concentrations the perceived sweetness changes depending from the concentration added and the heating time. In all cases investigated the perceived sweetness is significantly higher when compared to the reference (no stevia-derived MRP added).
[008598] This example showed different flavor profiles could be obtained from change of reaction temperature for compositions of sugar donor, amine donor and sweetening agent. The example can be extended to different compositions of sugar donor, amine donor and sweetening agent. Any composition selected from sugar donor, amine donor, sweetening agent can be in the range of from about 0.1% to about 99.9% in the initial preparation materials for the Maillard reaction. The reaction conditions can be adjusted to achieve a desired flavor profile. For instance, the PH value can vary from 1 to 14, the temperature range can be from 0 to 200 degrees centigrade or higher, preferably from about 10 to about 180 centigrade, more preferably fro about 40 to about sl20 centigrade. Reaction time can be from a few seconds to few days, more preferably a few hours.
[008599] Example 240
[008600] Investigations with stevia-derived MRPs, NHDC and Thaumatin
[008601] Introduction
[008602] This example demonstrated addition of NHDC, NHDC and Thaumatin in the product, especially in the reaction, enhanced the taste profile of products.
[008603] Material and Methods
[008604] Materials
[008605] D-Xylose, >99 %, STBG7912, Sigma Aldrich; DL-Phenylalanine, 98%, Lot #
51K1696, Sigma Aldrich; stevia composition (referred as SGA): Combination of GSGs and SGs, Lot # 3070301; Stevia extract TSG95, Lot # 20180413; EPCalin, 45%, Lot # 20180201; Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (NHDC) (>96%, Lot # MKBT9446V, Sigma Aldrich)
[008606] Redbull sugarfree, SEGLS 04AT, 8L91B19C; PR: 06.03.19/18:07N 3, EX:
06.03.20/173113
[008607] Sample preparation
[008608] Stevia-derived MRPs (Reference): 0,67 g xylose, 0,33 g phenylalanine and 4 g Stevia extract TSG95 were dissolved in 2,5 g deionized water. The solution was heated at about 100 °C for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the slurry was diluted with 25 g water.
[008609] Stevia-derived MRPs by Combination of GSGs and SGs: 0,67 g xylose, 0,33 g phenylalanine, 4 g SGA(Combination of GSGs and SGs) were dissolved in 2,5 g deionized water. The solution was heated at about 100 °C for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the slurry was diluted with 25 g water.
[008610] Stevia-derived MRPs by Combination of GSGs and SGs and NHDC: 0,67 g xylose, 0,33 g phenylalanine, 4 g SGA (Combination of GSGs and SGs) and 3 ppm (=82,5 pg) NHDC were dissolved in water. The solution was heated at about 100 °C for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the slurry was diluted with 25 g water.
[008611] Stevia-derived MRPs by SGA(Combination of GSGs and SGs), NHDC and Thaumatin: 0,67 g xylose, 0,33 g phenylalanine, 4 g SGA (Combination of GSGs and SGs), 3 ppm (=82,5 mg) NHDC and 5 ppm (=302,5 pg EPCalin 45%) Thaumatin were dissolved in 2,5 g deionized water. The solution was heated at about 100 °C for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the slurry was diluted with 25 g water.
[008612] 150 pi of the each sample was added to 100 ml Redbull sugar free and mixed.
The taste profiles of the samples were compared. As a control, a RedBull sugar free sample without the addition of SteviAroma was used.
[008613] Sensory evaluation
[008614] For all samples the color and flavor were documented by the analyst and a second independent trained taster.
[008615] Before tasting the tasters discussed the upcoming series of samples and tasted samples with predetermined attributes with varying intensities to find a commonality in description. Four trained tasters blind taste tested independently all samples of a series. They were allowed to re-taste and made notes for the sensory attributes perceived including the relative intensity.
[008616] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find an acceptable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with thedescription, the tasting was repeated.
[008617] 3. Results
Table 1, Color and Smell of the stevia derived MRP samples
Figure imgf001217_0001
Figure imgf001218_0001
[008618] (The shaded portions was ranked best by 4 out of 4 tasters)
[008619] Conclusion
[008620] The comparison of Stevia derived MRPs prepared with different SGs (Stevia extract or a combination of GSGs and SGs) yielded different sensor profiles as seen in Table 2. All samples can be used for enhancing taste, mouthfeel, or aroma of food or beverage products. The products that included the addition of NHDC or NHDC/Thaumatin before heating the sample mixture can be used for flavor or as a sweetener to enhance the taste, mouthfeel, or aroma of the food or beverage products.
[008621] When adding the different samples to a sugarfree beverage, again the source of Stevia Components including types of stevia glycosides, non-stevia glycosides substances such as volatile and non-volatile substances provide different taste profiles as seen in Table 3. Addition of NHDC improved the mouth-feel and harmony of taste impression yielding a substantially improved taste profile. Addition of NHDC/Thaumatin yielded an improved flavor profile with slight lingering sweetness. [008622] This example showed that adding a dihydrochalcone, such as NHDC or its combination with a sweetener enhancer such as Thaumatin in the MRPs system, can enhance the taste, monthfeel and aroma of the products. The added amount of NHDC and its combination with Thaumatin in the formulation can be in the range of from about 0.1 ppm to about 99.5%.
[008623] This example can be extended to other dihydrochalone glycosides, such as glycyphllin, pholorizin, trilobatin, naringin dihydrochalone, and other dihydroflavoids.
[008624] Example 241
[008625] Introduction
[008626] The following examples were prepared to investigate the effect of different ratios of amino acid donors to reducing sugars on the sensory properties of MRPs in a model example for lysine and fructose. In a second series of examples the effect of different amounts of steviol-glycosides were added to the model system described above for evaluation of the sensory properties of stevia-derived MRPs.
[008627] Material and Methods
[008628] Materials:
[008629] D-(-)-Fructose, Lot # BCBC1225, Sigma Aldrich
[008630] L(+)-Lysine, Lot # 0001442572, Sigma Aldrich
[008631] Stevia composition (referred as SGA): Combination of GSGs and SGs, Lot # 3070301
[008632] Methods:
[008633] Sample preparation
[008634] Samples were dissolved as provided in Tables 1 and 2 in 10 mL phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 8.0) and heated to 100 °C for 2 hours.
[008635] Sensory evaluation
[008636] Before tasting the tasters discussed the upcoming series of samples and tasted samples with predetermined attributes (sweet, caramel, popcorn, umami, honey, flowery, herbal (dried green spices), kokumi [series 2]) with varying intensities to find commonality in description. The intensity was rated on 0 (none)-5 (imedium)-lO (intensive) scale. Four trained tasters blind taste tested independently all samples of a series. They were allowed to re-taste and made notes for the sensory attributes perceived including the intensity.
[008637] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a an acceptable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with thedescription, the tasting was repeated.
[008638] Results
Table 1, Sensory test results for varying ratios of lysine:fructose
Flavor (10-point intensity scale)
Figure imgf001220_0001
Figure 285 is a graphical representation of sensory test results for varying ratios of
lysine:fructose.
Table 2, Sensory test results for varying ratios of stevia composition (SGA: Combination of GSGs and SGs) added to fixed ratio of lysine/fructose
Flavor (10-point intensity scale)
_ Sample Color Sweet Caramel Honey Flowery Herbal Kokumi
10 mM Lys + 10 mM Yellow 5 1 0 0 0 3 Fru
10 mM Lys + 10 mM Yellow 5 3 0 0 0 5
Figure imgf001221_0001
[008639] * ... Molar weight of stevia composition [ Combination of GSGs and SGs, marked as SGA] was estimated to 1270 g/mol
Figure 286 is a graphical respresntation of sensory test results for varying ratios of SGA
(Combination of GSGs and SGs) added to fixed ratio of lysine/fructose.
[008640] Conclusions
[008641] Varying ratios of lysine:fructose yield, under the same conditions, (temperature, pH-value and duration of heating) MRPs with substantial different sensory properties. Not only the intensity but also the basic sensory type changes surprisingly. Exemplifing, at a ratio of 1:100 for lysine :fructose the MRPs taste and smell is caramel/sugar-like whereas a ratio of 100:1 provides Umami smell/taste.
[008642] When adding increasing amounts of sweetening agent, such as a stevia composition (for instance, a combination of GSGs and SGs) the sensory properties change gradually from sweet/caramel-like (no Combination of GSGs and SGs) to honey/fowery [ratio MRP:(stevia compositio Combination of GSGs and SGs) is 1:1-1:2] and finally to herbal notes [ratio MRP: stevia composition(Combination of GSGs and SGs) is 1:10]. This test shows that (a) addition of sweetening agent, such as a combination of GSGs and SGs provides stevia-derived MRPs with unique sensory properties and (b) different amounts of sweetening agents, such as combinations of GSGs and SGs added to a fixed ratio of lysine :fructose yield different sensory properties of the resulting stevia-derived MRPs.
[008643] The results showed that different compositions used in the Maillard reaction, either combinations of sugar donor and amine donors, or combination of sugar donors, amine donors, and sweetening agent could result in different tasting and aroma products. All products could be used as a flavor or sweetener. This example can be extended to any types of sugar donor, amine donor, or sweetening agent. The ratio of every ingredient used in the composition can be in the range of from about 0.1 to about 99.5%.
[008644] Example 242
[008645] Materials:
[008646] D-(-)-Fructose, Lot # BCBC1225, Sigma Aldrich
[008647] L(+)-Lysine, Lot # 0001442572, Sigma Aldrich
[008648] Stevia composition (Referred as SGA): combination of GSGs and SGs, Lot # 3070301
[008649] Xylose: commercial sample sent by EPC
[008650] Conditions:
[008651] Solution: Water
[008652] Heating Type: Drying oven, 120 °C
[008653] Heating time: different (from 10 to 120 min)
[008654] Sensory evaluation
[008655] Before tasting the tasters discussed the upcoming series of samples and tasted regular samples (without added flavour) to find a commonality for description. Thereafter the flavored samples were tasted at the use level to find an acceptable description of the flavors (taste, smell, intensity).
[008656] Four trained tasters blind tasted tested independently all samples of a series. They were allowed to re-taste and made notes for the sensory attributes perceived. [008657] In the last step the attributes noted were discussed openly to find a an acceptable description. In case that more than 1 taster disagreed with thedescription, the tasting was repeated.
Figure imgf001223_0001
[008658] Taste impression of the obtained MRPs in soft beverage
[008659] Materials: Grobi Orange (181228 GO 1.5 G; 28.09.19 (11:55), Drink Star GmbH) [008660] To determine the potential sweetness potency of the prepared MRPs and the effect of the heating time on their sweetness, the following concentrations of the MRPs were added to the soft beverage Grobi Orange and sensory evaluated (see Experiment 1-3) 1.
[008661] Experiment 1:
Figure imgf001224_0001
1 ++++ - strong sweet; +++ - sweet; ++ - light sweet; + - the same sweetness with the reference (beverage without MRPs) [008662] Experiment 2:
Figure imgf001225_0001
[008663] Experiment 3:
Figure imgf001225_0002
Figure imgf001226_0001
[008664] Conclusion: Different compositions of sugar donor, amine donor, and sweetening agent under different reaction times during the Maillard reaction can create different tastes and saroma profile of the products. The products can be used for food, beverage, feed, cosmetics or in the pharmaceutical industry as a flavor or a sweetener. This example can be extended to any composition of sugar donor, amine donor and sweetening agent. The reaction temperature can vary from about 0 to about 200° centigrade, preferably from about 20 to about 180° centigrade. The PH value can vary from 1 to about 14, and the reaction time can vary from a few seconds to few days.
[008665] Example 243
[008666] Preparation and sensory analysis of Reacted stevia-derived MRPs samples as well as Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with and without steviol glycosides [008667] Aim: determine whether the addition of steviol glycosides to the samples before heating has a different effect than the addition of stevia extracts to the samples after heating.
[008668] Materials:
[008669] D-Galactose, >99%, Lot # 039K00592V, Sigma-Aldrich
[008670] D-Xylose, >99 %, STBG7912, Sigma Aldrich
[008671] L(+)-Glutamic acid, 58198, Merck
[008672] DL-Phenylalanine, 98%, Lot # 51K1696, Sigma Aldrich
[008673] L-Proline, puriss, 11662, Loba Chemie
[008674] D-Valine, 98%, Lot # 20H0295, Sigma Aldrich
[008675] Propylene glycol, > 99,5%, Lot # MKBH3622V, Sigma Aldrich
[008676] Stevia glycosides (referring as Awesome-01, containing big molecules of stevia glycosides), Lot # 20180702-11
[008677] Stevia glycosides (referred as Awesome SG95-01), Lot # 20180501-1
[008678] RA80/SG95, Lot # CTOOl/10-120901
[008679] Stevia glycosides (referred as Suprema TSG95), Lot # 20180413
[008680] Preparation methods of Reacted stevia-derived MRPs , MRP and MRP+SG samples
Figure imgf001227_0001
2 SG-Steviol glycoside
Figure imgf001228_0001
[008681] Sensory evaluation of flavoring samples
Figure imgf001229_0001
3 For evaluation, the flavorings samples were diluted 1 :100 with water
Figure imgf001230_0001
[008682] Taste impression of Reacted stevia-derived MRPs , MRP and MRP+SG in homemade lemonade
Preparation of homemade lemonade:
• Squeeze the lemons with a lemon squeezer
• Dilute the obtained lemon juice 1:5 with water
• Add to the lemonade 4% sugar
[008683] Sensory evaluation
Figure imgf001230_0002
Figure imgf001231_0001
[008684] Taste impression of Reacted stevia-derived MRPs , MRP and MRP+SG in ketchup without added sugar
[008685] Materials:
[008686] Ketchup without added sugar "Felix", 31.12.2019 L8352 11:48, P 17189 / 15
[008687] Felix Tomaten Ketchup mild, 31.01.2020 L9003 14:41, P17079 / 24
[008688] Sensory evaluation of original ketchup samples: Both samples have a pleasant sweet-sour taste, spicy. The sweetness potency is almost the same, but Felix Ketchup without sugar has another sweetness profile and slightly more sour taste.
[008689] Sensory evaluation of the ketchup samples without added sugar with Reacted stevia-derived MRPs , MRP and MRP+SG4
Figure imgf001231_0002
4 The samples Flora and Chocolate were not included to the analysis because these flavors do not
harmonize well with the ketchup taste.
Figure imgf001232_0001
[008690] Conclusions: The results showed that all products, including conventional Maillard products, combinations of conventional Maillard products and sweetening agents, and reacted sweetening agent-derived Maillard products can be used as a flavor or a flavor modifier to improve the taste, mouthfeel and/or aroma of a food or beverage, preferably the combination of conventional Maillard products, and reacted sweetening agent-derived Maillard products, more preferably reacted sweetening agent-derived Maillard products. The results can be extended to any type of Maillard products, combination of conventional Maillard products and sweetening agent, or reacted sweetening agent-derived Maillard products, regardless of the composition of initial raw material and reaction condition.
[008691] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, persons skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All references cited throughout the specification, including those in the background, are incorporated herein in their entirety. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to specific embodiments of the invention described specifically herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A composition comprising:
Maillard reaction product(s) comprising,
a stevia extract;
one or more reducing sugar(s) comprising one or more of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or mixtures thereof; and
one or more amine donor(s) comprising glutamic acid, valine, serine, proline, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, glycine, glutamine or mixtures thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the reducing sugar is galactose and the amine donor is glutamic acid.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract and/or unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
4. The composition of claim 1, further comprising further sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
5. The composition of any of claims 1 through 4, wherein the composition has a citrus or tangerine taste.
6. A method for preparing a citrus flavored composition, comprising the steps:
preparing a reaction mixture comprising: a stevia extract;
one or more reducing sugar(s), ) comprising one or more of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or combinations thereof; and
one or more amine donor(s) comprising, glutamic acid, valine, serine, proline, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, glycine, glutamine or combinations thereof;
optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry, wherein, optionally, the stevia extract is added during or after the completion of the conventional Maillard reaction, to form a Millard Reaction mixture composition; and
optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the reducing sugar is galactose and the amine donor is glutamic acid.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract and/or unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
9. The method of claim 6, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
10. The method of any of claims 6 through 9, wherein the Maillard Reaction mixture has a citrus or tangerine taste.
11. A method for improving taste and/or mouthfeel profile of a food or beverage composition, comprising the steps:
preparing a reaction mixture comprising:
a stevia extract;
one or more reducing sugar(s), ) comprising one or more of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or combinations thereof; and
one or more amine donor(s) comprising, glutamic acid, valine, serine, proline, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, glycine, glutamine;
optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry, wherein, optionally, the stevia extract is added during or after the completion of the conventional Maillard reaction, to form a Millard Reaction mixture composition;
optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition; and
adding the Millard Reaction mixture composition to provide a flavor modified food or beverage composition, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the reducing sugar is galactose and the amine donor is glutamic acid.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract and/or unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
14. The method of either of claim 11, further comprising sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
15. The method of any of claims 11 through 14, wherein the modified food or beverage has a citrus or tangerine taste.
16. An improved taste and/or mouthfeel food or beverage composition, comprising:
Maillard reaction product(s) comprising,
a stevia extract;
one or more reducing sugar(s) comprising one or more of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, xylose or raffinose or mixtures thereof; and
one or more amine donor(s) comprising glutamic acid, valine, serine, proline, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, glycine, glutamine or mixtures thereof.
17. The improved food or beverage composition of claim 16, wherein the reducing sugar is galactose and the amine donor is glutamic acid.
18. The improved food or beverage composition of claim 16, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted stevia extract and/or unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) remain in the composition.
19. The improved food or beverage composition of claim 16, further comprising further sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
20. The improved food or beverage composition of any of claims 16 through 19, wherein the improved food or beverage composition has a citrus or tangerine taste.
21. A composition comprising a Maillard reaction product(s) (MRPs) formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group and one or more non-nutritive sweeteners or one or more sweetener enhancer(s).
22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
23. The composition of claim 21, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
25. The composition of claim 21, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L- phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
26. The composition of any of claims 21 through 25, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) and/or a portion of unreacted non-nutritive sweetener(s) and/or sweetener enhancer(s) remain in the composition.
27. The composition of claim 26, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
28. A method for preparing a composition, the composition comprising a Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs) and one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s), wherein the MRP(s) is formed from one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group, comprising the steps:
preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugar(s) and one or more amine donor(s) comprising a free amino group(s);
optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs);
adding the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) to the reaction solution to form a Millard Reaction mixture; and
optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
31. The method of claim 28, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
32. The method of claim 28, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
33. The method of any of claims 28 through 32, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) and/or a portion of unreacted non-nutritive sweetener(s) and/or sweetener enhancer(s) remain in the composition.
34. The method of claim 33, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
35. A method for improving taste and/or mouthfeel profile of a food or beverage composition, comprising the steps: preparing a reaction mixture comprising one or more reducing sugar(s) and one or more amine donor(s) comprising a free amino group(s);
optionally, combining the reaction mixture with one or more solvents to provide a reaction solution;
heating the reaction solution under conditions suitable for forming a solution or slurry comprising one or more Maillard Reaction Product(s) (MRPs);
adding one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) to the reaction solution to form a Millard Reaction mixture; and
optionally, isolating the Millard Reaction mixture composition; and
adding the Millard Reaction mixture to a food or beverage composition, wherein the taste and/or mouthfeel profile of the food or beverage is improved.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
37. The method of claim 35, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
38. The method of claim 35, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
39. The method of claim 35, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
40. The method of any of claims 35 through 39, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) and/or a portion of unreacted non-nutritive sweetener(s) and/or sweetener enhancer(s) remain in the composition.
41. The method of claim 40, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
42. An improved taste and/or mouthfeel food or beverage composition, comprising: Maillard reaction product(s) (MRPs) formed from:
one or more reducing sugar(s) having a free carbonyl group;
and one or more amine donor(s) having a free amino group; and
one or more non-nutritive sweeteners or one or more sweetener enhancer(s); and a food or a beverage.
43. The improved food or beverage composition of claim 42, wherein the reducing sugar comprises monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and combinations thereof.
44. The improved food or beverage composition of claim 42, wherein the amine donor comprises one or more of a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, an amino acid, a protein, a peptide, a yeast extract or mixtures thereof.
45. The improved food or beverage composition of claim 44, wherein the amino acid comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine or mixtures thereof.
46. The improved food or beverage composition of claim 42, wherein the one or more non-nutritive sweetener(s) or one or more sweetener enhancer(s) comprises sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, erythritol, trehalose, raffinose, cellobiose, tagatose, allulose, inulin, N— [N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-alpha- aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, glycyrrhizin, sodium cyclamate, brazzein, miraculin, curculin, pentadin, mabinlin, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), maltol, advantame or combinations thereof.
47. The improved food or beverage composition of any of claims 42 through 46, wherein, optionally, a portion of unreacted reducing sugar(s) and/or a portion of unreacted amine donor(s) and/or a portion of unreacted non-nutritive sweetener(s) and/or sweetener enhancer(s) remain in the composition.
48. The improved food or beverage of claim 47, further comprising a sweetening agent comprising sweet tea extracts, swingle (mogroside) extracts, one or more sweet tea glycosides (rubusoside and suaviosides), one or more mogrosides, one or more glycosylated sweet tea glycosides, one or more glycosylated mogrosides or mixtures thereof.
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