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<strong>of</strong><br />

A Standard History<br />

ERIE COUNTY, OHIO<br />

An Au<strong>the</strong>ntic Narrative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Past, with Particular Attention<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Modern Era in <strong>the</strong> Commercial, Industrial,<br />

Civic and Social Development. A Chronicle<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> People, with Family'<br />

Lineage and Memoirs<br />

BY<br />

HEWSON L. PEEKE<br />

Assisted by a Board <strong>of</strong> Advisory Editors<br />

VOLUME I<br />

ILLUSTRATED<br />

THE LEAVIS PUBLISHING COAIPANY<br />

CHICAGO AND NEAV YORK<br />

1916

DEDICATION<br />

TO THE I'EOI'LE OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

1 \\'lutxc. History It Is and Who, for Mure Than a Generation, Hare Treated<br />

Hie Author it'illi Kindness and Consideration—This<br />

Book Is Dedicated<br />

"Let lis now praise famous, llli'll ti 11(1 <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r?, tliilt bi'gat lis. Till' Lord<br />

hntli wrought great glory by <strong>the</strong>m through hi.- great power" tiiun <strong>the</strong> beginning.<br />

Leaders ol' <strong>the</strong> |ieo|ilc by tlii'ir eonnsels and by tlieir knowledge <strong>of</strong> learning meet<br />

I'm' <strong>the</strong> people^ wise and glorious in tbeir inst'riictions: all <strong>the</strong>se were honored ill<br />

tlieir generations and were <strong>the</strong> glory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir times. There be <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, that have<br />

lelt a name behind <strong>the</strong>m that <strong>the</strong>ir praises might he reported. And some <strong>the</strong>re<br />

be which have no memorial, who are perished as though <strong>the</strong>y had never been and<br />

Hie become as Ihoiigh <strong>the</strong>y had never I n born; and tlieir children after <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

Hut <strong>the</strong>se were merciful men whose righteousness hath not been forgotten. AA'ith<br />

tlicit- seed shall eon! iniially remain a good inheritance and <strong>the</strong>ir children are within<br />

Wie covenant. Tlieir seed' standeth fii.-t and <strong>the</strong>ir children for <strong>the</strong>ir sake. Their<br />

seed shall remain forever and <strong>the</strong>ir glory .-hall not he blotted out. Tlieir bodies<br />

are buried in peace, but <strong>the</strong>ir names Ii\e forever more. The people will t

TO THE READER<br />

PLEASE READ THIS PREFACE<br />

I know no one ordinarily reads <strong>the</strong> preface, but I hope those who<br />

read this book will.<br />

In 1846 Henry Howe visited Ohio and published his one volume <strong>of</strong><br />

Ohio historical collections. Forty years later he again visited Ohio and<br />

published <strong>the</strong> tAvo-volume edition <strong>of</strong> his collection.<br />

In 1889 a man named Aldrich published <strong>the</strong> only history <strong>of</strong> Erie<br />

County separately published to this date. In his preface he acknowledges<br />

his indebtedness to my mo<strong>the</strong>r for her part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avork. When I made<br />

fun <strong>of</strong> her as a historian I little thought that a quarter <strong>of</strong> a century later<br />

I would try to write a history <strong>of</strong> Erie County myself. At that time<br />

<strong>the</strong>re were many old residents still alive who could have been <strong>of</strong> great<br />

aid, but have since passed away.<br />

In preparing this history I have gone to original sources as far as<br />

possible. I have folloAved <strong>the</strong> principle <strong>of</strong> old Plautus that one eye<br />

witness is better than ten Avho have heard. I have turned over page<br />

by page all <strong>the</strong> files <strong>of</strong> old papers accessible to ine in Sandusky and<br />

Norwalk to January 1, l!)ir>, and have consulted all <strong>the</strong> books I could<br />

find. I have tried to liven up statistics with a touch <strong>of</strong> humor and<br />

human interest Avherever possible and to produce a book that in addition<br />

to containing information that may be valuable might be interesting<br />

and amusing for an idle hour.<br />

I aeknoAvlcdge my indebtedness to <strong>the</strong> various persons contributing<br />

to this book named <strong>the</strong>rein, and alsp to Airs. Kate Thomas for <strong>the</strong> use<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion files oAvned by her. To Air. C. II. Gallup'<strong>of</strong> Norwalk, <strong>the</strong><br />

clistodian <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Firelands Historical Society. Also to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Library</strong><br />

Association and Airs. John T. Alack, Aliss Jessie Wilcox, Aliss Harriet<br />

AVest aud Airs. Emma Alarsliall. And to Aliss Edna Holzaepfel, librarian<br />

<strong>of</strong> Carnegie <strong>Library</strong>, and her assistants, Alisses Sarah AICEAA'CH, Leonora<br />

Schoepfle and Dora Glaser. Also to Joshua B. Davis for loan <strong>of</strong> material,<br />

and to Aliss Katb'erine Scbaefer for her interest and assistance in copying<br />

and to Aliss Alaye AVonnell and Aliss Tillie Schumacher for <strong>the</strong>ir assistance<br />

in preparing <strong>the</strong> manuscript. Also to \V. II. AVatts for his<br />

assistance. t<br />

The book carries no guarantee <strong>of</strong> perfection if any mistakes are found<br />

<strong>the</strong>rein. All that is claimed is that it is a human record <strong>of</strong> very human<br />

beings.<br />

II. L. PEEKE.

CONTENTS<br />

CHAPTER I<br />

THE FIRE-LANDS—A LIST or THE SUFFERERS AND THEIR LOSSES 1<br />

CHAPTER II<br />

GEOLOGY OF ERIE COUNTY 21<br />

CHAPTER III<br />

ERIE COINTY—ITS ERECTION AND ORGANIZATION 33<br />

CHAPTER IV<br />

FLORENCE TOWNSHIP • 48<br />

CHAPTER V<br />

VERMILLION TOAVNSIIII* 61<br />

CHAPTER VI<br />

BERLIN TOWNSHIP 64<br />

CHAPTER VII<br />

AIILAN TOWNSHIP AND A r ii.LAGE 78<br />

CHAPTER VIII<br />

IlmoN TOWNSHIP • 98<br />

CHAPTER IX<br />

OXFORD TOWNSHIP „ H3<br />

CHAPTER X<br />

PERKINS TOWNSHIP 121<br />

vii

viii CONTENTS<br />

CHAPTER XI<br />

GROTON TOAVNSIIIP- 128<br />

CHAPTER XII<br />

.MARGARETTA TOAVNSIIIP i 134<br />

CHAPTER XIII<br />

EARLY SANDUSKY 150<br />

CHAPTER XIV<br />

THE THREE CHOLERA YEARS 181<br />

CHAPTER XV<br />

SANDUSKY (CONTINUED) ' 196<br />

CHAPTER XVI<br />

SANDUSKY (CONTINUED) <strong>20</strong>8<br />

CHAPTER XVII<br />

( \>M .Al ERCE OF S.ANDI'SKY 225<br />

CHAPTER XVIII<br />

SANDUSKY CITY SCHOOLS t 234<br />

CHAPTER XIX<br />

ERIE COUNTY CHURCHES 249<br />

CHAPTER XX<br />

THE BANKS AND BANKERS OF SANDUSKY 277<br />

CHAPTER XXI<br />

HOSPITALS 281<br />

CHAPTER XXII<br />

THE OHIO SOLDIERS AND SAILORS HOME 288<br />

CHAPTER XXIII<br />

AVOM.AN 'S WORK THROUGH ORGANIZATIONS 294<br />

CHAPTER XXIV<br />

SANDUSKY FRATERNALISM • • 301

CONTENTS ix<br />

CHAPTER XXV<br />

DOCTORS AND DENTISTS 309<br />

CHAPTER XXVI<br />

TEMPERANCE ACTIVITIES IN ERIE COUNTY 314<br />

CHAPTER XXVII<br />

NOTABLE ORGANIZATIONS 317<br />

CHAPTER XXVIII<br />

JOHNSON "S ISLAND 327<br />

CHAPTER XXIX<br />

KELLEY'S ISLAND 334<br />

CHAPTER XXX<br />

THE AIII.IT.\RY HISTORY OK ERIE COUNTY 343<br />

CHAPTER XXXI<br />

Tin: I'NDKRGROUND RAILROAD , 377<br />

CHAPTER XXXII<br />

RAILROADS IN ERIE COUNTY 389<br />

CHAPTER XXXITI<br />

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES 399<br />

CHAPTER XXXIV<br />

ERIE COUNTY NEWSPAPERS 409<br />

CHAPTER XXXV<br />

THE BENCH AND BAR 416<br />

CHAPTER XXXVI<br />

GOSSIP 443<br />

CHAPTER XXXVII<br />

ERIE COUNTY CELEBRITIES 454

Ackcrinanr.Irfenrv, 11<strong>20</strong><br />

Ackloy, 3<br />

ltank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, 277<br />

Hanks and Hankers <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, 277<br />

Baptist Church, <strong>20</strong>7<br />

INDEX<br />

XI<br />

Baptists, <strong>20</strong>7<br />

Mar <strong>of</strong> Erie County, 410<br />

Bar <strong>of</strong> Krie Countv about 1775 (view),<br />

424<br />

Barber, David, 422<br />

Marber, .John .lay, .122<br />

Burlier, Uov. ]•]., !)0<br />

Bardwell, Seth E., 715<br />

Barker, Ceorge P., 284<br />

Barnes, Alfred K., 038<br />

Barnes, Frank C, 1121!<br />

Barnes, ,folm II., 0!)2<br />

Barney. F. 'I'., 181, 242<br />

Barney, Hubbard & Durbin, 277<br />

Barmi'in, Eli S., 5!)<br />

Barmnu, Levi, I!!)!)<br />

Barrows, Frank A., G43<br />

Bartlett, (Icorge J., 077<br />

Baseball, 448<br />

Bath, Jesse 1!., 878<br />

Bathing Beach, Cedar Point (view), 210<br />

Battomlev, El|iel. 414<br />

Bauer. Fred \V., 510<br />

Bauingardner, (;. V., 1225<br />

Bay Citv Cuards, 1145<br />

Bay Citv .Mirror, 415<br />

Bav Stadt Demoki'at, 415<br />

Beach, Daniel, :i!l!)<br />

Mejlch, I''. C, <strong>20</strong>4<br />

Meaeon, 415<br />

Mear, Mrs. A., 284<br />

Beardslcy, .lohn, 111<br />

Beattv Church, 255<br />

Beatt'v. Fannie A., 883<br />

Beatty, .John. 255L 454<br />

Beatt'v. Lewis A., X82<br />

ISeck/Custuvus. 080<br />

Beck, .lane II., 081<br />

Beecher, Lucas S.. 2.'!5, 417, 422<br />

Beeckel, Andrew E.,"4125<br />

Bcgg, James T., 1140<br />

Behrens, Hen IT, 7K5<br />

Beis. (! ge C., 418, 432, 503<br />

Belden, Jiiines. 422 «r<br />

Bembower. J. Philip, 015<br />

liemiss, Elijah, 402<br />

Bemiss, Samuel, 1.'!2<br />

Bench and Bar. 410<br />

Bentley, C. S., 425<br />

Bentley, Ceorge 1'., 1055<br />

Bentley, Ira, 0.14<br />

Berea sandstone, 24<br />

Merg, Adam. 058<br />

Berlin box factory. 71<br />

Berlin Heights, 72. 77<br />

Berlin Heights Crangc, 405

Xll INDEX<br />

Berlin military record, 70<br />

Berlin township originally named Eldridge,<br />

04; timber, 04; salt licks, 05;<br />

.salt springs, 05; first settlement, 05;<br />

game, 00; lirst settlers, 07; first mill,<br />

08; early schools, 08; lirst religious<br />

organization, 00; early churches, 00;<br />

industries, 70<br />

Bcrlinvillc, 77<br />

Be<strong>the</strong>l Church, 250<br />

Metitel. William II., 1010<br />

Biehl, Jacob A.. 508 ,<br />

Big grave <strong>of</strong> 1840, 181<br />

Bigelow, Kussell, 253<br />

Mill, Earl, 242, 410<br />

King, Ferdinand J., 1100.<br />

Bird's-eye View, Sandusky (vieAV). <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Bird's-eye View, Sandusky (view), 222<br />

Birthplace <strong>of</strong> Thomas A. Kdison, Milan<br />

(vieAV), 82<br />

Bishop, Willard A., 284<br />

Bissonette, Ca<strong>the</strong>rine, 318<br />

Mitner, C. C, 410<br />

Mittner, \A'. I'., 1158<br />

Mixby, Jerome, 731<br />

Blackmail, Hiram, 131<br />

Mlaine, James (J., 450<br />

Blair. Charles A., 030<br />

Mlakeslee, Dr. Kinily, 284<br />

Mlanehard. Dennis, 014<br />

Mlanden. Alice II.. 011<br />

Blanden, (Jeorge, 000<br />

Bliss,

Chapin, Nancy S., 1151<br />

( liapmiiu. (iertrude M., 140<br />

Chapman, James F., 522<br />

Chase, Harvey, 402<br />

( base, Lester T., 007<br />

Chase, Salmon 1'., 415<br />

Cherry,'('. Henry, 1008<br />

< lioate, Kufiis, 425<br />

Cholera epidemic, 101)<br />

( holera <strong>of</strong> 1840, 183<br />

Cholera <strong>of</strong> 1852, 185<br />

Cholera <strong>of</strong> 1H54, 180<br />

Cholera victims, list <strong>of</strong>, 187<br />

Christians, <strong>20</strong>4<br />

Christian Science, <strong>20</strong>8<br />

Christopher, Doctor, 125<br />

Christopher, Richard, .'110<br />

Churches, 249<br />

Church <strong>of</strong> St. Petri anil St. Paul, 270<br />

<strong>Cincinnati</strong>, Sandusky & Cleveland 1L K.<br />

305<br />

Circle <strong>of</strong> Mercy, <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Circuit Court. *4<strong>20</strong>, 423<br />

Circuit riders, 250<br />

Citizens National Hank, 280<br />

Civic Club, <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Civil War, 345<br />

Clarion Building, 441<br />

Clark, Clementina, 52<br />

Clark, Jesse ('., 801<br />

Clark, Lewis L., 570<br />

( lark, I'eltiah J.. 400<br />

Clark, William, 004<br />

Clary, Charles K., 051<br />

Clary, (Jeorge \\\, 888<br />

Clary. Mark K., 887<br />

Clausius, .Lilian, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Clemons, 10. 10., 235<br />

Cleveland, James, 422<br />

Cleveland & Toledo Railroad, 2(10<br />

Cleveland, <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, Chicago & St.<br />

Louis Railroad, 227<br />

Clock, Tallien M.. 415, 831<br />

Cobb, Eddie M., 714<br />

Colib. Jcdutlian, 08<br />

Cochran, Charles, 300<br />

< ochran, Jeremiah S„ 300<br />

Coen. lOdward L„ 1103<br />

Coen, F. A\'.. 1152<br />

Cold Creek, 134, 141<br />

Cold Creek Sporting Club. 145<br />

Cold Creek Trout Club, 145<br />

Cold Creek Trout Club Company, 140<br />

Coles. AVilliam, 502<br />

Collingwood, Claude II., 805<br />

Colton, Carlos, 05<br />

Colton House, 105<br />

Colt's Exchange, 180<br />

Columbus Avenue, Looking South, with<br />

Old Courthouse on <strong>the</strong> Left, (view),<br />

172<br />

Columbus & Lake Erie Company, 300<br />

Columbus Short Line. 308<br />

Colver. Flisha M., 418<br />

Colver. Frank B., 414<br />

Commerce <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. 225<br />

Commercial Advertiser, 415<br />

Commercial National Bank, 280<br />

Commercial Register. 412<br />

Commodore Oliver Hazard Terry (portrait),<br />

.354<br />

INDEX xiii<br />

Comstock. Philo, 1047<br />

Cone, Lester, 300<br />

( ongregational Church, 452<br />

Congregational Heading Circle, <strong>20</strong>4<br />

Coiigregatiotialists, 257<br />

Conklin, Charles II., 057<br />

Constitution <strong>of</strong> 1851, 423<br />

Converse, Waldo F., 410<br />

Cook, Elmer, 000<br />

(ooke, A., 235<br />

Cooke, Chillies 10., 5<strong>20</strong><br />

Cooke, Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros, 102, 410, 4<strong>20</strong>, 455<br />

Cooke, Henry I)., 412<br />

Cooke, Jay, 455<br />

Cooke, Mary A., 521<br />

Cooke, Pitt! 410, 445<br />

(ooper, ,T. ('., 181<br />

Corbitt, Aaron. 300<br />

Corniferous limestone, 21, 2G<br />

Costigan, Timoth'y, 741<br />

Coterie, <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Cotton, S. S., <strong>20</strong>, 241, 244<br />

Coilgheiiour, Levi M., 744<br />

Coulter, Captain, 05<br />

Coultrip, Charles, 871<br />

County Infirmary, 310<br />

Court <strong>of</strong> Appeals. 4<strong>20</strong><br />

Court House, Sandusky (view), 36<br />

CoAvdry, M. I'.. <strong>20</strong><br />

Cowell', Alvin T., 711<br />

Cowles, Henry, 258<br />

Craig. Charles A.. 517<br />

Cramer, Charles II., 410, 432<br />

Crane, W. II., 455<br />

Crecclju*. Jacob J., 502<br />

Crippen, Esquire, 102<br />

('roll, John A.. 1113<br />

( rysinger, John A., 003<br />

Cuddcbach, Peter, 01<br />

Cunningham's Island, 334<br />

Curran. Charles ('., 322<br />

Curran, Ulysses, 418<br />

Curfew ordinance. 445<br />

Curtis, (Jeorge R., 000<br />

Curtis, L. I... ILso<br />

"Cut money,"' 52<br />

Daily Register. 400, 410<br />

Daily Saudiiskiaii, 400, 411<br />

Dairying, 71<br />

Dalcys. The, 05<br />

Danbury lire sufferers. 11<br />

Danbury Township, :::>7<br />

Daniel. (Jeorge. 341<br />

Daniels, Jeremiah, 102<br />

Daniels. William. 05<br />

Darby. 10. .h, s.V.i<br />

Darling, Nunc, 258<br />

Darling. Wilder M . 1123<br />

D.itson. Mary .1., 002<br />

Datson. William, fiiill<br />

Dauch, Jacob J., 475<br />

Diiueh. John J.. 430<br />

Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution,<br />

<strong>20</strong>5. <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Daugherty. William D., Id's<br />

Davidson, Jainc*. 258<br />

Davis, Carrie Chase, 283. 284<br />

Dm is. Caroline, 526<br />

Davis, 1. IA;-. 92!)<br />

Davis, Ira T., 525

xiv INDEX<br />

Davis, Jell', 330'<br />

Davis, Joshua I!.. <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Davis, 'I'.. 300<br />

Davlin, Walter. 408<br />

Dean, Captain, 05<br />

Deck. Alexander. 501<br />

Decker, Charles F., 1131<br />

DcLamatrc, Bidding, 8 Mi<br />

I Many, Jasper N., 8 15<br />

Dchiwarcs, 121<br />

Democratic Mirror, 415<br />

Deniuaii. (Jeorge, 000<br />

Dentistry, 312<br />

Depot for prisoners. 327<br />

Description <strong>of</strong> pioneer life, 85<br />

Devoe. Fred. 234<br />

Dewey, Mary, 234<br />

Dowev. Mary ('., 5(15<br />

DeWi'lt, Claude II., 4 Is, 433, 884<br />

DeWitt, (Jeorge II., 1100<br />

DeWitt, James L., 417<br />

DeWitt, J. Llovd. 421<br />

DeWitt, Llovd.' 4.<strong>20</strong><br />

Dickel, diaries M., 050<br />

Dickel. (Jeorge II., 1082<br />

Dickel, John, 80 1<br />

Dickens, Charles, rT'.l<br />

Dickens visit to Sandusky, 17 0, 440<br />

Diehl, Henry, OH<br />

Diels, William, 1160<br />

Dietz, Jacob, 558<br />

Diggins, Joy, 7.70<br />

Diggins, Mary M.. 780<br />

Dildinc, Charles W., 8<strong>20</strong><br />

Dilgart. William II., 1145<br />

Diiuuiock, Asa, 415<br />

Dimon. I).. 05<br />

Dimon, William, 05<br />

District Court, 423<br />

Division <strong>of</strong> Huron and Erie Counties<br />

Agricultural Society, 401<br />

Doctors anil Dentists, 300<br />

Doer/bach, (Jeorge .1., 500<br />

Dncrzliach, (J. William, 1<strong>20</strong>0<br />

Doll's Hall, 324<br />

Dorsev, Stephen \\'„ 455<br />

Douglas. J. K., 1007<br />

Douglass, James, 007<br />

Douglass. Cornelia A., 008<br />

Downing, Cyrus, 102<br />

Drake, C. F., 252<br />

Drake, Emma. 002<br />

Drake, Jay ().. 001<br />

Dueimisch, Louis, 548<br />

Duff, John, 417<br />

Dunbar, John, 07<br />

Dunham. Phineas, 131<br />

Dwelle, It. F., <strong>20</strong>8<br />

Earl, Amos, 235<br />

Early Methodists. 240<br />

Early ncAvspapers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reserve, 107<br />

Early Sandusky, 150<br />

Early transportation, 155<br />

East Haven lire sufferers, 13<br />

Eaton. Arunah, 300<br />

Ebert, Charles. 834<br />

Ebert, Cust, 072<br />

Ebert, John, 088<br />

Ebert, Louis, Jr., 023<br />

Eckler, Conrad D., 507<br />

lOdisoii. Samuel, 455<br />

Edison. Thomas A., 05, 455<br />

Eighth liifantrv, J!5i<br />

Eldis, Martha, 'lOO<br />

lOldredge, Frederick A., S75<br />

Ehlridgc, Charles. 05<br />

lOlks, -152<br />

lOllis, Klislia. 330<br />

Ellithorpe, Henry. 330<br />

lOlwell. (Jcorgo S., 323<br />

Emmons. Squire. !I5<br />

Empire House. <strong>20</strong>0<br />

lOmrich, .lames II., 510<br />

lOnirich, Minnie, 284<br />

lOnirich, Minnie L., 517<br />

lOiigelbrv, F. 10.. 414<br />

Engcls, Mrs. Carl 10., 2S4<br />

Euglert. Andrew. 7.'l()<br />

Ensign, Lewis, 1 10<br />

Episcopal Church, Storm Scene (view),<br />

<strong>20</strong>5<br />

lOpiseopalians, <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Erie Canal. 41(1<br />

•lOrie Coniinaudery No. 23, Knights Tcin-<br />

•plar. 304<br />

Erie County Agriciiltur'al Society, 300<br />

Erie County Agricultural Society, premium<br />

List. 402<br />

Erie County Agricultural Society reorganized.<br />

-103<br />

Erie County Humane Society, 450<br />

Erie County Inliriuary Farm. 127<br />

lOrie County Oflicinls treasurers, 38;<br />

prosecuting attorneys. 38; county<br />

clerks, 3S; auditors. 38; sheriffs, 30;<br />

recorders. 30; surveyors, 30; county<br />

commissioners. 30<br />

Erie County, only murderer ever legally<br />

executed'in, 44. 422<br />

Erie County Medical Society. 311<br />

lOrie County Pomona Orange, 405<br />

Erie County Reporter. 115<br />

Esclicnrocder, (Jeorge F„ 410, 133<br />

Euterpean Hall. 324<br />

Evangelical Immanuels Church, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Evans. Edward. 422<br />

Evans, James, only murderer executed<br />

within <strong>the</strong> bounds <strong>of</strong> Eric county, 44<br />

Fairfield fire sufferers, 0<br />

Falley, Frederick,. 135, 130<br />

Fanny Cordon Home, 00<br />

•Farwell. Moors. 258, <strong>20</strong>0. 422<br />

Farwell. M.. 157<br />

Fays, The, 05<br />

Feick. fJeorge, 087<br />

Feick. John A.. 512<br />

Feick. Minnie A.. 088<br />

FVlton. Elias R.. 1040<br />

Felton, Julia C. 1047<br />

Kenton, Joseph. 1007<br />

Fettel. August. 1214<br />

Ficlitel. William F„ 1100<br />

Ficsinger, "William L., 434<br />

Fiesinger. W. L., 418<br />

Fiflv-Fifth Infantry. 301<br />

Finley. J. B.. 250<br />

Vinzcl, Theodore J.. 088<br />

Fire grants. Oxford. 113; Berlin Township,<br />

80; Perkins, 122; Ooton, 1<strong>20</strong>;<br />

Margaretta. 137<br />

Firelands Society, 01

INDEX xv<br />

Firelands, List <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sufferers in, I; Fulton, J< dm, 300<br />

compensation for losses, 1<br />

First annual fair, 300<br />

l-'urgusoii, (Jeorge, 131<br />

First Children's Home. 317<br />

(Jallup, .M oy.ur t, 28 I<br />

First Cliristiaii'Church. Sandusky, <strong>20</strong>4 (Jaiue, 48, Oli<br />

First Congregational Church, 257<br />

First Congregational church denounced<br />

l.anclt, (Janctt , l.oorgc » J cor; jc \\., W ., 11 m.i<br />

Harrison, William L., 255<br />

slavery, <strong>20</strong>0 (las Works, <strong>20</strong>0,<br />

First custom house, 37 Hastier, Frederick P., 024<br />

First court <strong>of</strong> Erie County Common (Jay, James P., 158<br />

Pleas, 30 (Jegelihein'ier, Ca<strong>the</strong>rine M., 1122<br />

First courthouse, 42 (Jcgenliciiner, Philip 10., 1122<br />

First death from cholera, 181 Geology <strong>of</strong> Erie. County, 31<br />

First; families <strong>of</strong> Milan, 05 German Ladies' Sewing Society, 2!)5<br />

First National Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, 278 Herman .Methodists, 257<br />

First Presbyterian Church, <strong>20</strong>7 Herman newspa-pcr, 415<br />

First runaAvay slave. 378 Herman, Silas, 753<br />

First .Steam Railroad Passenger Train Hermans in Sandusky, 100<br />

in America (view), 301 (Jilibs, Hurley I!., 1170<br />

First temporal meeting, 410 (iiblis, The, 05<br />

Fischer, T. A., <strong>20</strong>2 (iihson, Carrie B., 1100<br />

Fish, Albert 10., 58 (iihson. Edward ])., 1108<br />

Fish, Albert M„ 1032 Giddings, Joshua R., 327<br />

Fish. Elias II., 53 Hicdeniaii. John A., 500<br />

Fish, II. X., 330 < iilcher Church, <strong>20</strong>3<br />

Fish, Job. 53 (iilcher. Peter, <strong>20</strong>2, 281<br />

Fish, Job, Jr., 5S (iilcher, William II., 1180<br />

Fish, John C. L.. 5S (iillmorc, T. Roy, 810<br />

Fish. Williston, 57 Hlacial (.iroves on Kcllcy's Island (view),<br />

Fisher, N. AV.. 181, <strong>20</strong>1<br />

Fisher. Roscoe ](.. 418, 433<br />

;;;;(><br />

Glacial" markings, 21<br />

Fishing Industry, 231 (Jlinie, George (J., 1130<br />

Fitch. William f!.» 072 (;(I0U Samaritan Hospital. <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Fitz. Frank J., 017<br />

Flemoml. M. l'\. 100<br />

t;0(l(i Samaritan<br />

(vioAVl, 282<br />

Hospital, Sandusky<br />

Flori-iiee Orange. 405 Uoodwin.' Erastus, 431, 458<br />

Florence township, lirst bear killed in, (ioodwili, Homer, 417, 4<strong>20</strong>, 458<br />

48; game in. 48; original proprietor-

xvi INDEX<br />

„ Gurley, L. »., 240, 254<br />

(Jurley, William, 125<br />

Gurfev, \V. 1)., IK<br />

Iriirloy, W. M., 240<br />

Gustavus, Antone J., 81)0<br />

(Justin, Ann, 2JI0<br />

Outline, Anslcin, 310<br />

Guthrie, Dr. A.,. 108<br />

Gypsum, 28<br />

Gypsum quarries, 27<br />

Haddock, Ray, 415<br />

Haddy, AVilliam, 01<br />

llalin', Adam II., 700<br />

Halm, Theodore, 1030<br />

liaise, (Jeorge I., 807<br />

liaise, Oscar II., 052<br />

Haley, Frank A., 081<br />

Halhiday, lieury C, 88!)<br />

Halladay, John S., 801<br />

Hand, Chester ('., 1100<br />

Hanson. James S., 1100<br />

Harbor improvements, 103<br />

Hardy, Charles A., 002<br />

Harrington, Jonathan ]•'., 722<br />

Harris, Cora J., 814<br />

Harrison, General, 443<br />

Harrison, Lorenzo \A'., 018<br />

Harrison, Lucius S., 1115<br />

Harsh, AVillard M.. 541<br />

Hart, Frank P., 780<br />

Hart, Henry, 418, 434<br />

Hart, Marv 10., 010<br />

Hart, Will'iiiin, 018<br />

Hartley, Thomas, 817<br />

Hartinanii, F. Flick, IO80<br />

Hartshorne, Doctor, JilO<br />

Hurtling, George F., 57JI<br />

llartwell. lObeneZer, 130<br />

Haskins, (Jeorge S., 310<br />

Hast, Adam AV., 005<br />

Hastings, Elizabeth 10., 1022<br />

Hastings, lOphraim J., 1134<br />

Hastings, (Jeorge, 310<br />

Hastings, Hugh, 1021<br />

Hastings, AVaitscl], 310<br />

llaulf, Christian, 1140<br />

HaufV, Gottlieb F., 1<strong>20</strong>1<br />

llauser. J. C, 450<br />

• HiiAvleys, The, 05<br />

Haynes, George R., 425<br />

llavnes, John T., 1193<br />

Havnes, J. T„ 288<br />

Healv, John J., 1180<br />

Heckelniann, Fred W., 1031<br />

Heimbtirger, William, 782<br />

Ileimburger, AVilliam ('., 700<br />

Ifeiiiingor, August, 702<br />

Ilendrickson. Joseph M., 73!)<br />

Hendrv, 10.. 230<br />

Henry', Basil X., 414<br />

Hepburn. J. J., 1194<br />

llerbel, Louis AV., .132<br />

Hermes, Peter J., 803<br />

Hertel, Jacob, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Hertlein, Alice K., <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Hertlcin, John F., 418, 430, 559<br />

lleyiuaiin. Clinrles F., 070<br />

lleymann, John P., 071<br />

Hevmann, William (.'., 009<br />

Hickox, B. F., 235<br />

Hicks, Captain, 05<br />

Higgins, Burr, 141<br />

High cost <strong>of</strong> living in 1810, 153<br />

High School, Vermilion (viewi, 00<br />

Hildebruiidt, Frederick, 757<br />

Hill, Benjamin L, 004<br />

Hill, Charles AV., 333<br />

Hill, Leonard C, 029<br />

Hills, Frank X., 084<br />

Hills. Henry 10., 080<br />

Hilton. Edward R., siili<br />

11 hide, Ann, 570<br />

IIhide, (Jeorge, 570<br />

Hindi', (Jeorge F., 703<br />

Mine, Daniel N.. 0<strong>20</strong><br />

Bine, Elizabeth 10., 740<br />

Bine, (Jeorge AV., 584<br />

Bine, Jerome P., 025<br />

Hine, AA'illiam II., 74.1<br />

Historic elm <strong>of</strong> Sandusky removed, 452<br />

Hitchcock, Samuel 10., 258<br />

lloak. Nathan, 401<br />

ll<strong>of</strong>fiiian, Charles ('., 010<br />

H<strong>of</strong>fman, John, 048<br />

ll<strong>of</strong>richter. Albert C, 1002<br />

Holland, John AV., 103, I 175<br />

Hollister, Edwin Jr., 081<br />

Hollister, Josiah W., <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Holy Angels' Church, <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Iloniegardner, George, 810<br />

I Iomega rdner, John 11., 500<br />

Hoover, Isaac AA'., 1037<br />

Hopkins, Philip R., 410<br />

llornung, Johanna, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Hospitals, 281<br />

Hough, Joseph, 05<br />

House, Julius, 021<br />

Bouse, Lewis AA'., 022<br />

Howe, Anna, 414<br />

Iloxsey. Thomas B., 410, 431<br />

Hubbard, Lester S., 270<br />

Hubbard, R. ]!., 244<br />

Huhcr, John, 005<br />

Hull', John, 008<br />

lliill'nian, Jennie 10.. 042<br />

Huffman, Philip A., 041<br />

Hull, Lynn AA'., 230, 4 17, 4<strong>20</strong>, 421<br />

Hiiiiini, lOdAvard J., 84.1<br />

lluinm, Robert J., 504<br />

HUIIIIII, William, 001<br />

Hunt, James, 733<br />

Hunt, X. J.. 1104<br />

Hunter. William II.. 410<br />

Huntington, lOrastus, 3.41<br />

Huron about 1870 (view), 104<br />

Huron County, 33<br />

Huron religious organizations, 100;<br />

newspapers, 107; early physicians,<br />

108; cholera epidemic, 108; sale <strong>of</strong><br />

town lots, 110; pioneer pleasures, 110;<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficials, 112; population, 112; bank.<br />

112<br />

Hilton boat landing, 105<br />

Huron County Agricultural Society, 399<br />

Huron County Medical Society, 410<br />

Huron Orange, 40.1'<br />

Huron harbor improvements, 103<br />

Huron Institute, 84. 00<br />

Huron River, 08<br />

Huron and Erie Counties Agricultural<br />

Society, 400

INDEX<br />

xvii<br />

Huron township physical features, 08; Kcllcy's Island, 37, 334; lirst school-<br />

lireland grants, 99; first settlement, house, 338; earliest settlers, 338;<br />

100; early settlers, 100; original sur­ primitive condition <strong>of</strong> in 1803, 340<br />

vey <strong>of</strong>, 102; schools, 100; fraternal Kelley's Island and Sandusky Cuble, 341<br />

organizations, 108.<br />

Kelly, Malcolm, 417, 421, 430, 556<br />

Hurons, 121<br />

Kelly, O. II., 404<br />

Huttenloelier, Charles A., 653<br />

Kelly, William, 157<br />

Huttenlocker, Fred, 1087<br />

Kerber, Edward, 1153<br />

Hyde, Garry B., 400<br />

Kcrber, John, 1177<br />

Hyde, Merriett, 460<br />

Kcyes, Francis, 01<br />

Hydraulic lime, 28<br />

Keyes, J. B., 4<strong>20</strong><br />

Indiana, Burlington & Western Raihvay, King, Clifford M., 1157<br />

395<br />

King, Edmund B., 418, 430, 430, 504<br />

Indian massacre, 136<br />

King, Frank 0., 840<br />

Indian relics, 334<br />

King, Joseph S., 12<strong>20</strong><br />

Indian village, 136<br />

King, Mary A., 1227<br />

Indians, 79, 117, 121, 128, 193<br />

King, Zenas, 95<br />

Indians and Pioneers (view), 41<br />

Kinney, Addison, 414<br />

Industrial Sandusky, 229<br />

Kinney, John C, 414<br />

Inscription Rock, 334<br />

Kirby, Austin A., 480<br />

Inscription Rock on Keller's Island Kishman, Henry J., 1024<br />

(view), 339<br />

Kishman, Jacob E., 1138<br />

Intelligent!! Blatt, 415<br />

Klaar, J. A., 414<br />

Ireland, William M., 404<br />

Klein, August C, 797<br />

Irvine, Samuel, 551<br />

Klenk, Mrs. Martin, 284<br />

Isaac, Henry J., 803<br />

Klotz, August IL, 1179<br />

"Island Queen," 350<br />

Knapp, Cyrus C, 743<br />

Jackson, Alexis, 131<br />

Kncisel, Philip, 046<br />

Jail, 448<br />

Knerr, Jacob, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

James, William, 131'<br />

Knight, Richard W., 655<br />

Janes, John, 252<br />

Knights <strong>of</strong> Pythias, 305<br />

Jarrett, Henry, 811<br />

Knights Templar, 302<br />

Jarrctt, Jane, 890<br />

Knittle, Carl, 1073<br />

Jarrett, John, 035<br />

Knott, Gottleib II., 1104<br />

Jarrett, Richard, 895<br />

Kob, Anton, 679<br />

Jefferson, Mary "It., 700<br />

Koegle, Robert A., 496<br />

Jefferson, WiUiam II., 696<br />

Krock, Franklin L., 847<br />

Jeffery, Henry, 652<br />

Krock, Henry J., 848<br />

Jeffery, Charlotte II., 053<br />

Kramer, Albert C, 9<strong>20</strong><br />

Jenkins, George M., 056<br />

Kropf, Christian, 1<strong>20</strong>3<br />

Jenkins, Helen, 0.17<br />

Krueger, Earl C, 419, 437<br />

Jennings, R. J., 255<br />

Krueger, Herman, 725<br />

Jessup, 48<br />

Krueger, Max C, 591<br />

Jessup, Ebenezer, 48<br />

Krupp, Chas. J., 1<strong>20</strong>6<br />

Job Fish's Schools, 54<br />

Krupp, John, 1<strong>20</strong>0<br />

Johnson, Christopher, 123<br />

Kubiich, Charles, 545<br />

Johnson, Curtis T., 437<br />

Kuehlmanii. Charles L., 1222<br />

Johnson's Island, 327, 345; graves <strong>of</strong> Kuemmel, Henry, 1076<br />

<strong>the</strong> Confederate prisoners on, 333; at­ Kuhl, Charles, 1224<br />

tempt to rescue prisoners on, 349; Kuhl, Charles F., 877<br />

opened as a pleasure resort, 452 Kuhl, LCAVJS, 835<br />

Johnson's Island Prison, 328<br />

Kurtz, John B., 1008<br />

Jordan, EdAvard, 1085<br />

Kurtz, Philip, 1009<br />

Jordan, Sheridan P., 897<br />

Labor Day first celebrated, 452<br />

Journal and Local, 413<br />

Lake Erie, 37<br />

Judson, C. P., 62<br />

Lake Erie & Western Railroad, 227<br />

Judson, James C, 56, 1064<br />

Lake Erie & Western Raihvay Com­<br />

Judson, Rufus, 61<br />

pany, 398<br />

Jump, Orra G., 1128<br />

Lake Shore & Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Rail-<br />

Justi,-Philip J., 706<br />

Avay, 227, 398<br />

Keech, C. C, 181, 196<br />

Lake Shore Electric Raihvay, 228<br />

Kelley, Addison, 334<br />

Lake vessels, 170<br />

Kelley, Datus, 337<br />

Lander, Charles, 610<br />

Kelley, George, 338<br />

Lander, Miles, 830<br />

Kelley, Henry J., 1014<br />

Lane, Ebenezer R., 4<strong>20</strong><br />

Kelley, Irad, 337<br />

Lane, E. S., 309, 311<br />

Kelley, Norman, 342<br />

Lane, Hon. E., 239, 392

xviii INDEX<br />

Laughlin, William M., 1180<br />

Lawrence Hotel, 105<br />

Lawton, Henry, 450<br />

Lawyers in 1.87 5, 410<br />

Layman, Charles A., 414<br />

Layman, Frank, 414<br />

Lea, James D., 401<br />

Leadrach, August W., 1143<br />

Lee, Almon J., 1 1<strong>20</strong><br />

Leggett, Charles IL. 310<br />

Lehman, Franklin F., 517<br />

Lehrer, -Airs. (J. T.. 284<br />

l.eibknecht, Karl, 321<br />

Leonard, Cuyler, 342, 410<br />

Lewis, John, 332<br />

Liberty party, 428<br />

Life anil AA'ork <strong>of</strong> Hudson Tuttle and<br />

His Wife Emma Rood Tuttle, 1048<br />

Lilcs, Frank, 623<br />

Lindsay, W. 1)., 454<br />

Lindslcv, Frank 10., 080<br />

Lindslc'v, William I)., 422<br />

Link, A. W., 1158<br />

Little Miami Railroad, 190, 380<br />

Locating <strong>the</strong> countv scat, 40<br />

Lock, Royal P.. 422<br />

Lockwood, Charles B., 528<br />

Lockwood, J. (.'., 0.1<br />

LockAvood, Lane, 530<br />

Lockwood, Ralph M„ 1223<br />

Lockwood, Sarah, reminiscences <strong>of</strong>, 82<br />

Logan <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cayugas, 128<br />

Losey, Charles, 1053<br />

Lossing, Benson J., 140<br />

Loucks, Carrie 10., 700<br />

Loucks, John J., 708<br />

LoAver Sandusky Times, 409<br />

Low rvs, The, 95<br />

Lucc.'R. C, 310<br />

Lundv, Thomas J., 702<br />

Lund'y, William H., 1142<br />

Lurton, if. IL, 328<br />

Lu<strong>the</strong>rans, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Lyon, Rev. Harvey, G2<br />

Mack, Daniel, 141<br />

Mack, Egbert, 413<br />

Mack, Isaac F., 288, 412, 450<br />

Mack, John T., 412<br />

.Mack. Mrs. Jojin T., <strong>20</strong>8<br />

Mackey, John, 415, 417, 421<br />

Maeke'v, William, 95<br />

Mad River, 190<br />

Mad River Road, 444<br />

Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad, 142,<br />

<strong>20</strong>0, 227, 389<br />

"Made in Sandusky,'' 229<br />

Maerder, Joseph 10., 1<strong>20</strong>8<br />

Main Street, Looking North, Huron<br />

(vieAV). 101<br />

Main Street, Looking South, Vermilion<br />

(view), 00<br />

Mansfield & NCAV Haven Railroad Company,<br />

390<br />

Mansfield & Sandusky City Railroad<br />

Company'', 390<br />

Mansion House, 174, <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Mantey, EdAvard, 808<br />

Map <strong>of</strong> lOrie County. 32<br />

Mapes, Edmund G.j 284<br />

Margaretta Grange, 405<br />

.Margaretta Township physical features,<br />

134; naming <strong>of</strong>. 135; lirst called Patterson,<br />

135; organized, 137; lircland<br />

grants, l.'!7; early settlers, 130; industries,<br />

140; religious organizations,<br />

143<br />

.Marks, Samuel, 717<br />

Manpiart. John J., 1148<br />

Marsh, Edward IL, 1230<br />

.Marsh, Edward L., 284, 1101<br />

.Marsh, George, 450<br />

Marsh, .Mrs. 10. Lea, 284<br />

Marshall, William C, 037<br />

Martin, Fred A., 508<br />

Martha Pitkin Chapter, Daughters <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> American Revolution, <strong>20</strong>8<br />

Mason, Win. P., 399<br />

Masonic Temple, 453<br />

.Masonry, 301<br />

Matt. Albert IL, 933<br />

Mc.Meer, John IL, 1210<br />

McCartney, William, 140<br />

McColiueliy, F. C, 310<br />

McCrystaf, John !•'., 418, 437<br />

.McDonald,, J. StoAvart, 485<br />

McDowell, F., 404<br />

MeGookey, Michael, 927<br />

Mclntyre, James. 252<br />

McKcl'vcy, M. F., 414<br />

McKesson, James C, 1045<br />

McKim, J. IL, 310<br />

McLaughlin, Hanson F., 958<br />

McLaughlin, Sarah I)., 060<br />

McLouth, Amos, 132<br />

McLouth, (). C, 4 Hi<br />

McMeens, Mrs. A. ('., <strong>20</strong>4<br />

McMeens, R. R., 183<br />

.McMillen, 11., 05<br />

McRcynolds, Jessie M., 983<br />

McRcynolds, William, 982<br />

McSweeney, John, 450<br />

Medical Societies, 310<br />

Meeker, Stephen, 01<br />

Melville, A. B., 419<br />

Melville, Charles R., 284<br />

Merrill, Albert E., 310, 414, 418, 450<br />

.Merry, Caroline, 52<br />

Merry, Charles ()., 1051<br />

Merry, Ebenezer, 80<br />

Merry, 11. F., 242<br />

Mertiie, Henry J., 821<br />

Methodists. 249<br />

Meyer, George. 1110<br />

Meyers, J. Nina, 501<br />

Meyers, Louis C, 580<br />

Michel, George A.. 1144<br />

Michel, John. 1005<br />

Milan, 40, 456; first school, 89; public<br />

school system, 80; industries, 90; first<br />

families, 90; newspapers, 90; formerly<br />

Beatty, 91; incorporated, 90; fraternities,<br />

90<br />

Milan Advertiser, 414<br />

Milan bank robbery, 452<br />

Milan Canal, 91<br />

Milan Canal Company. 93<br />

Milan Carding ui ill, 05<br />

Milan Ledger, 414<br />

Milan, Patrick J.. 1027<br />

Milan toAvnship physical features, 78;<br />

early missionaries, 70; original own-

ers <strong>of</strong> lireland grant. 80; survey, 81;<br />

early settlers, 81; lirst settlers, 80;<br />

early religious meetings, 87; churches,<br />

SS; 'schools, 80<br />

Military history <strong>of</strong> Erie county, 343<br />

Milk sickness, 115<br />

Milieu, John. 300<br />

.Miller, Angeline. 103<br />

Miller. Lawrence T., 710<br />

Miller. Paul, 1170<br />

.Alillii i Ernest, 1219<br />

Milliman. Prcscott, 990<br />

Millott, Henry ('.. 1100<br />

Mills, Fanny,'402<br />

Mills, Grayson, 417, 421<br />

Mills, Isaac A., 100<br />

Mills, Isaac (portrait). 1.11<br />

Mills, Mrs. Isaac (portrait), 151<br />

Mills, Joshua, 440<br />

Mills, Ross & Mackey, 415<br />

Mills. Miss S. M., 402<br />

Mills, William S., 415<br />

Minards. The, 0,1<br />

Miner, Bernard, 410<br />

Mineral resources, <strong>20</strong><br />

Minor. Claude J., 419, 437<br />

Miniise. Lucy, 721<br />

Mirror <strong>of</strong> 1854. 413<br />

Misehlcr, Charles F., 1217<br />

Mission Indians. 80<br />

Mitchell, Roy I)., 540<br />

Mixter, Madison, 084<br />

Mixter. Nellie 10., 085<br />

Moats, John I,., 080<br />

.Moats. William IL, 737<br />

Modern Priscilla Club, <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Modern transportation facilities, 227<br />

Molt. AVilliam. 1010<br />

Monday Literary Club. 295<br />

Monroeville & Sandusky City Railroad<br />

Company, 300<br />

Montague,' Charles /.. 008<br />

Montgomery. Frank R„ 1178<br />

Moore sisters, 452<br />

Moravian missionaries, 7 0, S7<br />

Morgan. T. T.. 1 185<br />

Morrow, Joseph L., 508<br />

Morse, Lemuel, 309<br />

Moi'sinan, Moses I.. 422<br />

Mosebach, John, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Moss. Augustus IL. 278<br />

Moss, Augustus L., 094<br />

Moss. Horace ()., 278<br />

Moss, Jay ()., 281, 005<br />

Moss, Mrs. Jay ().. <strong>20</strong>S<br />

Moss National" Bank, 278, 440<br />

Moss, Samuel, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Mound-builders. 70. 0!)<br />

Mounds and fortifications, 01<br />

Mowry, John P.. 883<br />

Muehlhaiiser. George M., 1173<br />

Mueller. August, 403<br />

Murschel. AVilliam Y., 544<br />

Nash, A'lvin, 258<br />

National Guards. 372<br />

National Society Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

American Revolution, <strong>20</strong>8<br />

Natural gas spring. 7S<br />

Neiding, George L., 047<br />

Neill, Foster F., 700<br />

INDEX xix<br />

Neill, John J., 704<br />

Nes Silicon Steel ( ompaiiy sold, 44!)<br />

Nenscheler, John IL, 751<br />

New Connecticut. 84<br />

New courthouse—1874, 4.1<br />

New Haven, J!3<br />

New Haven lire sufferers, 13<br />

New Jail—1882, 40<br />

New Loudon fire sufferers, 17<br />

New High School building, 244<br />

New Salem. 7 0<br />

Newman, Samuel F., 442<br />

Newspapers, 400<br />

Newspapers <strong>of</strong> Erie Couirtryv'JS<br />

Newton, Daniel, 157<br />

Newton, Isaac, 404<br />

Nickel, Adolph, 708<br />

Nickols. Arthur J.. 911<br />

Nickols, Curtis, 911<br />

Niedingj August AA'., 1<strong>20</strong>2<br />

Nieding, Nicholas, 1057<br />

Nims, David B., 887<br />

Nims, AA'orthington, 133<br />

Nineteenth Centliry Club, 295<br />

Nolan, James, 700<br />

Norfolk & Western Railroad, 228<br />

Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio Grape Growers Association,<br />

40JI<br />

Norton, Mrs. C. (!., 405<br />

Norton, Henry C, 080<br />

Norton. Jerome II., 088<br />

Norwalk lire sufferers, 6<br />

Nourse, Elizabeth, 323<br />

Nulm, Conrad II., 1006<br />

Odd Fellows Temple, 4.12<br />

Odell, Anna ('., 1000<br />

Udell, Ansel (J., 1004<br />

Oetzel, Ann IL. 950<br />

Oetzcl, Justus P.. 040<br />

Offenhauer, Roy 10., 1148<br />

Officers' Quarters on Johnson's Island<br />

(view I. 328<br />

Ogontz Engine Fire Company, 219<br />

Ogontz Indians, 140<br />

Ogontz Lodge No. 00, I. O. O. F., 300<br />

Ogontz Seminary, 173<br />

Ohic, Chickamauga and Chattanooga<br />

Military Park, 455<br />

Ohio Illuminator. 411<br />

Ohio Railroad Co.. 389<br />

Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Home, 127, 288<br />

Ohio State I'niversity, 31<br />

Ohleniacher, Frederick. 1 100<br />

Ohlemacher, Mrs. F. AV., 284<br />

Olemacher, Frederick J., 1030<br />

Oil shales, 28<br />

Old Beatty House, <strong>the</strong> First Stone House<br />

Built in Perkins (vieAV), 124<br />

Old Mad River Railroad, 302<br />

Old Powder House on Johnson's Island<br />

(view), 330<br />

Old town pump, 440<br />

One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment,<br />

JI50<br />

One Hundred and Forty-liftli Infantry.<br />

372<br />

One Hundred and First Infantry, 300<br />

One Hundred and Seventh Infantry, .370<br />

One Hundred and Twenty-third Infantry,<br />

371

XX INDEX<br />

Opplingcr, (Jodfred, 1198<br />

Organization <strong>of</strong> county, 33<br />

Original lire sufferers, list <strong>of</strong>, 3<br />

Original Plat <strong>of</strong> Sandusky in 1818<br />

(map), 1G6<br />

Orton, Charles, 415<br />

OsAvald, George, 901<br />

OttaAvas, 121 .<br />

Otto, Elmer B., 880<br />

Otto, Herman W., 631<br />

Otto, Jacob, 645<br />

Oxford ToAvnship physical features, 113;<br />

lire grants, 113; early settlers, 114;<br />

early schools, 118<br />

Owl Creek Bank, 52<br />

Page, Mrs. Homer, 456<br />

Painesville & Fairport Railroad Co., 389<br />

Palmer, Charles D., 1112<br />

Parish, Frank D., 43, 162, 236, 402, 416,<br />

427<br />

Park, Emmet, 1006<br />

Parker, Charles, 948<br />

Parker, George A., 943<br />

Parker, George F., 930<br />

Parker, George W., 814<br />

Parker, James 1)., Sr., 535<br />

Parker, James 1)., ,i:>6<br />

Parker, Jay C, 948<br />

Parker, John II., 713<br />

Parker, Leroy J., 630<br />

Parker, Oren A., 918<br />

Parker, Sarah G., 536<br />

Parker, William, 946<br />

Part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Old Ship Canal betAveen<br />

Milan and Huron (view), 107<br />

Patrons <strong>of</strong> Husbandry in Erie County,<br />

404<br />

Pattee, True, 2,12<br />

Patterson, Hugh, 135<br />

Patterson, Samuel, 586<br />

Pearl, Addison H., 476<br />

Peck, Clarence D., 533<br />

Peck, George R., 463<br />

Peck, George S„ 90.1<br />

Peeke, George II., 404, 406<br />

Peeke. Grace A., 464<br />

Peeke, Hewson L., 419, 437, 1231<br />

Penfield, Honrv, 95<br />

Peninsula Point, <strong>20</strong>8<br />

PenncAvell, Samuel, 252<br />

Pennsylvania railroad, 228<br />

Penny, Edwin A., 588<br />

Penny, Jane, 589<br />

Pcquotting, 79<br />

Perkins, Elias, 122<br />

Perkins Grange, 405<br />

Perkins Township physical features,<br />

121; named, 122; fireland grants, 122;<br />

lirst settlers, 123; religious organizations,<br />

125; agricultural interests, 127<br />

Pcrriii, Judson. 05, 996<br />

Perseverance Lodge Xo. 329, F. & A.<br />

M., 302<br />

Perry celebration, 453<br />

Perry Centennial, 299<br />

Perry, Oliver IL, 354<br />

Petroleum, 25<br />

Pettingill, Joshua. 140<br />

Phelps, Elisha J., 704<br />

Phillips. Joshua, 77<br />

Phillips, Xenophon, 310<br />

Phillips, Zalmuna, 422<br />

Philoma<strong>the</strong>an Hall, 324<br />

Phylloxera, 407<br />

Pickett, William T., 1129<br />

Picture Rock, 30<br />

Pierce, F. Gilbert, 907<br />

Pietschman, Arthur L., 1153*<br />

Pike Creek, 134<br />

Pioneer Homo (vieAV), 44<br />

Pioneer pleasures, 110<br />

Poe, Adam, 2,12<br />

Point Hope Community, 72<br />

Police and lire station, 452<br />

Pontiac, 145<br />

Population and taxes, 46<br />

Population in 1840, 37<br />

Porter, A. M., 180, <strong>20</strong>9<br />

Portland, 151, 161<br />

Portland House, 444<br />

Portland <strong>Library</strong> Association, 321<br />

Post, James E., 638<br />

Post, LeAvis II. C, 467<br />

Post<strong>of</strong>fice, 44.1<br />

Potter, Thomas B., 884<br />

Powers, D. C, 1183<br />

Poyer, John IL, 596<br />

Poyer, Lodema M., 597<br />

Presbyterian church, 267, 446<br />

Prentiss, James, 01<br />

Prisoners' .Quarters on Johnson's Island<br />

(vieAV), 331<br />

Probate judges, 40<br />

Providence Hospital, 286<br />

Providence Hospital (vicAv), 285<br />

Prout, AndreAv, 422<br />

Prout, A. W., Sr., 402<br />

Pryor, Jennie M., 873<br />

Pryor, Richard IL, 872<br />

Puckrin, Mat<strong>the</strong>AV O., 691<br />

Put-In-Bay Cable Telegraph Line, <strong>20</strong>4<br />

Putnam, Daniel, 450<br />

Pylc, Joseph G., 419, 438<br />

Quarries, Marblehead, 28; Kcllcy's Island,<br />

28<br />

Quarrying, 70<br />

Quigloy, John, 2.14<br />

Quinn, John, 403<br />

Railroads, early plans for, 389<br />

Ramsdell, Alma I,.. 679<br />

Ramsdell, Horace V., 677<br />

Ramsev, Russell K„ 419, 439, 11<strong>20</strong><br />

Randall, I. P., 30!)<br />

Ransom, Caroline, 532<br />

Ransom, DcLos (.'., 530<br />

Ransom, Orlando, 230<br />

Ransom, Ross D. L., 685<br />

Rash, Charles, 132<br />

Rates <strong>of</strong> postage, 1848, 444<br />

RaAvell's Directory <strong>of</strong> Ohio Newspapers,<br />

414<br />

Rinvle, Richard, 986<br />

Ray, Christian M., 418, 438<br />

Ray, John. 418, 439<br />

Raynor, William, 9.1<br />

Read, William S., 404<br />

Reber, George, 422<br />

Red Jacket, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Senecas, 128<br />

Reed, Charles S., 417, 421, 432

Reibcr, John IL, 1074<br />

Reid, AVliitelaw, 340<br />

Reifert, Mary, 1102<br />

Reifert. Nicholas, 1102<br />

Reigliley, Alice M., 754<br />

Reigliley, Benjamin F., 754<br />

Reigliley, Loeisco, 857<br />

Reigliley, Orlando P., 755<br />

Reigliley, Peter, 855<br />

Reinlieimcr, Fred, 262<br />

Reis, Simon, 632<br />

Reiter, George 10., 419, 439<br />

Removal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county seat agitation,<br />

42<br />

Rentier, Doctor, 95<br />

Reuter, G. A,, 257<br />

Revolutionary soldiers buried in Erie<br />

County, 343<br />

Reynolds, I. T., 402<br />

Rh'inemiller, Fred J.. 861<br />

Rhiuemillcr, George E., 673<br />

Riccclli, Ciro S.. 1184<br />

Rice, John S., 194<br />

Richards, The, 95<br />

Richardson, S. (). Ill, 1227<br />

Richey, Squire, 131<br />

Ridgelield lire sufferers, 19<br />

Riedy. David, 890<br />

Risdcn, Almor (J., 1095<br />

Risdon, Frank C, 1090<br />

Ritter, John, 422<br />

Ritz, Emma, 634<br />

Ritz, John Sr., 633<br />

Ritz, John, 050<br />

Ritz, J. Wilhelmiiui. 634<br />

Rivalry between Sandusky and Nor­<br />

Avalk, 33<br />

River VieAV, Sandusky (view), 175<br />

Robbins, Lorin, 258<br />

Roberts, licmict, 258<br />

Rolx'its, The, 95<br />

Robertson, Peter, 941<br />

Rockwell, Charles IL, 700<br />

Rockwell, Ellon R., 701<br />

Rockwell, John S., 337<br />

Rockwell, Raymond AV., 1134<br />

Rogers, 11. II., 402<br />

Rogers, Isaac, 310<br />

Rogers, Robert, 145<br />

Rogers, Stephen II., 514<br />

Romell, John, 010<br />

Romcll, Ora F.. 76.1<br />

Root, Burton P., 1137<br />

Root, James M., 416<br />

Root, Joseph M., 390, 431<br />

Roots, The, 0.1<br />

Roscoe, Pearl, 414<br />

Roscoes, The, 05<br />

Rosekelly, William, 075<br />

Rosino, John F., 1156<br />

Ross, Sylvester, 415<br />

Rude, Charles, 170<br />

Ruemmele, August, 415<br />

Ruemmele, William, 415<br />

Ruess, Herman, 415, 447<br />

Ruggles, Almon, 61, 101<br />

Ruggles, Charlotte II., 1108<br />

Ruggles. Comfort IL, 1100<br />

Ruggles, John, 02<br />

Ruggles, ().. 95<br />

Runnells, AVilliam, 252<br />

INDEX xxi<br />

Ruse, John IL, 257<br />

Russell, J. Charles, 1002<br />

Russell, John W., 309<br />

Russell, Maj. IL, 102<br />

Ryan, C. N., 402<br />

Sadler, C. W., 416<br />

Sadler, Ebenezer, 468<br />

Sadler, Ebenezer B., 417, 4<strong>20</strong><br />

Sage, George J., 774<br />

St. Anthony's Aid Society, 295<br />

St. Anthony's Church <strong>of</strong> Milan, 274<br />

St. John, Alva A., 617<br />

St. Mary's Church, 273<br />

St. Mary's Church <strong>of</strong> Vermillion, 274<br />

St. Peter's Mission Church <strong>of</strong> Huron,<br />

275<br />

St. Stephen's German Evangelical Protestant<br />

Church, 264<br />

St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, 286<br />

Salvation Army, 268<br />

Salt springs, 65<br />

Sand industry, 233<br />

Sands, George M., 978<br />

Sands, James S., 1041<br />

Sands, Mary T., 979<br />

Sandusky, 40; origin <strong>of</strong> name, 150;<br />

first settlers <strong>of</strong>, 150; high cost <strong>of</strong> living<br />

in 1819, 152; buildings in 1822,<br />

152; incorporated, 155; early transportation,<br />

155; early industry, 158;<br />

description <strong>of</strong> in 1826, 159; early settlers,<br />

101; earlv industries, 162; in<br />

<strong>the</strong> years 1831 and 1832, 165; description<br />

<strong>of</strong> in 1835, 168; alias Portland,<br />

169; early voters <strong>of</strong>, 171; courthouse<br />

and jails, 172; threatened with famine,<br />

174; population <strong>of</strong>, 176; statistics,<br />

170; Dickens' description <strong>of</strong>, 179;<br />

population in various years, 18t; in<br />

1846, 196; churches, 106; parks in<br />

1847, 106; earlv industries, 107;<br />

population in 1851, 108; in 1860, <strong>20</strong>1;<br />

churches. <strong>20</strong>3; schools, <strong>20</strong>3; parks in<br />

1800, <strong>20</strong>3; in <strong>the</strong> panic <strong>of</strong> 1873, <strong>20</strong>4;<br />

hotels, 211; market places, 213; police<br />

department, 215; lire department,<br />

210; first volunteer lire company, 210;<br />

municipal improvements. 2<strong>20</strong>; mayors,<br />

221; public <strong>of</strong>ficials and organizations<br />

in 1015, 221;( hospitals, 22JJ; societies,<br />

223; commerce <strong>of</strong>, 22.1; harbor, 235;<br />

transportation facilities, . 227; industries,<br />

2<strong>20</strong>; schools, 234; early teachers,<br />

230; erection <strong>of</strong> school buildings,<br />

237; high schools, 243; members<br />

<strong>of</strong> board <strong>of</strong> education, 24.1; principals<br />

<strong>of</strong> high school, 247; assistant teachers<br />

in <strong>the</strong> high school, 248; churches, 253;<br />

lirst church in, 253; hospitals, 281;<br />

earliest mention <strong>of</strong>, 443; first Fourth<br />

<strong>of</strong> July celebration, 440; first street<br />

piiA'ed, 4.11: greatest storm, 453; first<br />

dry Sunday, 453.<br />

Sandusky about 1847 (vioAv), 157<br />

Sandusky about 1855 (vieAv), 178<br />

Saiidusky Citv Bank, 277<br />

Sandusky Clarion. 194, 409, 411<br />

Sandusky Commercial Federation, 439<br />

Sanduskv Demokrat. 415<br />

Sandusky Fortnightly Club, 295

xxii INDEX<br />

Sandusky Fraternalism, 301<br />

Second Congregational Church, <strong>20</strong>3<br />

Sandusky Gas Light Company, 44.1 Second Methodist Church <strong>of</strong> Sandusky,<br />

Sandusky Jockey Club, 443<br />

350<br />

Sandusky Journal, 4 13<br />

Second National Bank, 219<br />

Sandusky Light Guards, 440<br />

Senecas, 121<br />

Sandusky & Indiana Railroad Company, Semi, AVilliam, 41.1<br />

395<br />

Settlement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Firelands, 117<br />

Sandusky. Mansfield & Newark Rail­ Seventh Infantry, 3.12<br />

road, <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Seventy-Second Infantry, 307<br />

Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Rail­ Shenandoah, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Oucidas, 128<br />

road Company, 3IKI<br />

Sherman, George, 003<br />

Sandusky, Norwalk & Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Rail­ Sherod. John L., 1104<br />

way, 452<br />

Ship building, 04<br />

Sandusky Mirror. 172<br />

Shirley, Henry, 7 7 7<br />

Sandusky Organizations, 300<br />

Shook', Peter,' .'130<br />

Sandusky (Perry Celebration), (view), Shoop, Alvin, 121.1<br />

100<br />

Slump, Sherman 10., I 121<br />

Sandusky Platter (view), 140<br />

Sickinger. Robert, 07.2<br />

Sandusky Register. II I<br />

Siggens, Fred A., 002<br />

Sandusky Savings Bank Company, 280 Siggens, Lillie 10., 003<br />

Sandiiskv Street Railway Company, 4.11 Signal service, 4.11<br />

Sandusky Whig. III!)<br />

Siininons, Charles I!., 390<br />

Santa Clara Auxiliary No. 0, I'uited Sipp, ( harles, 005<br />

Spanish War Veterans. Depart incut Sister Crsula. 318<br />

<strong>of</strong> Ohio, <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity <strong>of</strong> St. Augustine, 280<br />

Sargeaut. Joseph (1.. 507<br />

Sixty-Fifth Infantry, 304<br />

Sargeant, William (J.. 503<br />

Sixty-Fourth Infantry, 303<br />

Saunders. Frank. 33;<br />

Skillinaii. George AV., 575<br />

Savord. lOdmond 11.. 410, 500<br />

Slavery, 355, <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Sawyer, Mrs. James. 2,s-|<br />

Sloan.'John N.. 311. 3 15<br />

Sayler. Milton J.. 878<br />

Sloane. .lohn A\'., 110<br />

Scene Showing Cemetery (view), 1.11 Sloane, Bush I!., 4 10<br />

Schneffcrs, The, 0.1<br />

Sloane, Thomas M., 173, ISO, IIS<br />

Scha I'er. Werner. 9 12<br />

Smith, Bert I).. 1 102<br />

Scliall'er, Henry P., s21<br />

Smith, C t ('., 1130<br />

Schaver, John.' 1012<br />

Smith, Fred D„ 1078<br />

Sehat/, Christian, I 10.1<br />

Smith, Henry W.. 07 1<br />

Scheid. .August II.. 837<br />

Smith, .lay ('.. 0<strong>20</strong><br />

Scheid, Ca<strong>the</strong>rine 10. II.. 1080<br />

Smith, Samuel 11., 422<br />

Scheid. Henry I... 030<br />

Smith. I'lvs.sos C, 828<br />

Scheid. Louis \A'., 772<br />

Smith, William, 422<br />

Scheid. Peter, 1088<br />

Smith, William J.. 1022<br />

Scheid, A\'. P., 40:',<br />

Snow, Dorcatus, 1 10<br />

Scheme to connect Milan witli Colum­ Snow. linear! us P.. 130. 140<br />

bus. 0 1<br />

Snowilcii. .lames. (J., 7 IS<br />

Schelklc, Philip ('., 110<br />

Snyder. M. II., \- ( ompany, 115<br />

Scheulller, Ernst C A.. 002<br />

Socialist Movement, 32(1<br />

Schciitteuhelin, William F. 1<strong>20</strong><br />

Soldiers Home I view), 280<br />

Schiller, Henry J., 4 10, 407<br />

Soldiers Monument I view), <strong>20</strong>1<br />

Schisler. .Andrew, 8,10<br />

Soldiers Monument, Milan (view), 92<br />

Schi.-ler, Conrad, ooi<br />

Sons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Emerald Isle. 314<br />

Schuailter. ( orneliiis, 512<br />

Sons ot' Temperance. 311<br />

Sclmce, William Jr., 507<br />

Souter. David. 212<br />

Scl II. August IL. 784<br />

Spanish American War, 310<br />

Schnell, Jacob, 4<strong>20</strong><br />

Spudding. B. I''., 235<br />

SCIIIIIIIT, Alfred. 1228<br />

Spear. A. 10.. 112<br />

Schoeplle, Henry. 418<br />

Spiritualist organizations, <strong>20</strong>8<br />

Schoewe, Andrew A., 1101<br />

Spore, Elizabeth, 1004<br />

Schouhaidt. John, 700<br />

Spore, Isaac, KlOJi<br />

Schools. 234<br />

Scliroeder. Gustavus ||„ H)s|<br />

Spore, Nellie A., 100.1<br />

Sprague. Jonathan. 114. 131<br />

Schuck, Jacob, <strong>20</strong>2<br />

Sprankel, Christian, 8.13<br />

Schwer, (J 'ge A.. 1191<br />

Sprankel, George L„ 012<br />

Schwinn. Harry J.. 721<br />

Sprankel. John. 080<br />

Science Lodge No. 50. {•'..& A. M., 301 Sprow. W. J.. 1141<br />

Scott, ('., 030<br />

Squire. Ruth, 53<br />

Scott, Voltaire, 17!)<br />

Squires. ('. IS., 330<br />

Scott. AVinlield, 415<br />

Stage line, 410<br />

Scribner. Charles II.. 425<br />

Stahl, Ellen. 503<br />

Seholt. Charles P., 88.1<br />

Stahl. Job M., 502<br />

Second ( hildren's Home. 3IS<br />

Stahl, Scott, 417

Staley, Richard, 0<strong>20</strong><br />

Stang, John 10., 1174<br />

Stanley, Elwood, 310<br />

Stansherv. Joseph, 422<br />

Starbird,' AA'. B., 414, 418<br />

Star, The, 414<br />

Star-Journal, 411<br />

Starr, John \\'., 800<br />

Starr, Mary M„ 803<br />

Starr, Thomas, 53<br />

Starr, William, 781<br />

Starr, AVilliam 10., 07<br />

Steamboat "Islander." 339<br />

Steamer "Mississippi," 395<br />

Steamer '"Riverside," <strong>20</strong>4<br />

Steamer "St. Lawrence," 305<br />

Steinemann, George C, 418, 437, 1179<br />

Stcinen, John C, 083<br />

Stellhorn. Then. J. G. 2S4<br />

Stephens, David J., 75.1<br />

Stephens. Edward S.. 418, 1041<br />

Steuk, Edward L., 527<br />

Stevens, I). IL, 414<br />

Stevenson. Eva, 004<br />

Stevenson. Frank M., GG3<br />

Stihle, Frank. 414<br />

Stickreth, Charles. 841<br />

Stieger, Jacob. 1000<br />

Stoddard. Eliza J., 1080<br />

Stoddard, II., 95<br />

Stoddard, Lucius, 95<br />

Stoddard, Lucius L., 1070<br />

Stone, Walter F., 4<strong>20</strong>, 410<br />

Storm Scene, Sandusky (view), <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Storm <strong>of</strong> 1883, 440<br />

Storrs, Anion A., 925<br />

Strap Railroad, 170, <strong>20</strong>0<br />

Street Scene, Sandusky (view), 214<br />

Street railways, 451<br />

Strobel, Gottleib, 4<strong>20</strong><br />

Strong, Henry C, 1107<br />

Strong, John' A., 000<br />

Strong, Josiah, 400<br />

Strong, Nathan, 422<br />

Study Club <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian Church,<br />

295<br />

Sturtevant. Guy C.,-587<br />

Sullivan, J. J.,' 288<br />

Sulphite <strong>of</strong> Iron, 78<br />

Sunyeiideand Club, 439<br />

Supreme Court, 423<br />

Sutton, Hugh, 1000<br />

Sutton, Philip, 139<br />

SAvain, F. 10.. 1188<br />

Swayze, William, 251<br />

Table <strong>of</strong> Fees (vieAv), 435<br />

Taylor, J. W., 415<br />

Taylor. Sebastian F., 417, 4<strong>20</strong><br />

Taylor, Truman B., 494<br />

Taylor, Walter II., 1000<br />

Taylor, William, <strong>the</strong> lynching <strong>of</strong>, 422<br />

Ta'vlor, William D., 080<br />

Ta'vlor, William S., 903<br />

Taylor, Zachary, 196<br />

Taxes, 46<br />

Teachers Institute, First in Ohio, 339<br />

Telephone project, 448<br />

Temperance activities in Eric County,<br />

314<br />

Temperance movement, leader <strong>of</strong>, 428<br />

INDEX<br />

xxiii<br />

Temple, Jay J., 004<br />

The Blue Hole (view), 141<br />

The Cholera Cemetery <strong>of</strong> 1810 (view),<br />

180<br />

The First Stone Building in Sandusky,<br />

<strong>the</strong> House <strong>of</strong> Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cook (view),<br />

109<br />

"The Modern Girl," 404<br />

The Old Congregational Church with <strong>the</strong><br />

High School behind it, which was used<br />

as a hospital in 1849, and stood where<br />

<strong>the</strong> present Court House stands<br />

(vieAV), 103<br />

The Old State Bank Building at Bloomingville<br />

(view), 110<br />

Third Cavalry, JI73<br />

Third National Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, 279<br />

Third National Exchange Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky,<br />

280<br />

Thomas, Kate, 413<br />

Thompson, Harry J., 902<br />

.Thompson. J. W., 402<br />

Thomson, Edward, 254<br />

Three Cholera Years, 181<br />

Tilden, Daniel, 311<br />

Tillinghast, Charles, 503<br />

Tillinghast, Oliver C, 503<br />

Tornado, 448<br />

Town Hall, Milan (view), 87<br />

ToAvnsend House, The Crack Hotel <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> City in <strong>the</strong> Fifties (vieAV), 100<br />

ToAvnsend, Kneeland, 95<br />

ToAvnsend, William, 157, 277<br />

Traders, 117<br />

Traub. Louis, 415<br />

Trieseliiiiann, Henry, 1230<br />

Trimble, John, 404'<br />

'Printer, Edna M., 1137<br />

'Printer, Martin J., 1136<br />

Trinitfl Methodist Church, 256<br />

Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church,<br />

250'<br />

True, O. J., 398<br />

Truman, Augustus IL, 278<br />

Truscott, AVilliam II., 1210<br />

Tucker, Harden A., 1029<br />

Tucker, Roswell S., 1178<br />

Tugs in Winter Quarters, Huron, 1915<br />

(view), 109<br />

Turner, C. Victor, 1017<br />

Tuthill, Hudson, 05<br />

Tuttle, Durin II., 252<br />

Tuttle, Emma R., 1048<br />

Tuttle, Hudson, 72, 77, 469, 1048<br />

Twentieth Century Club, <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Twenty-Fourth Infantry, 359<br />

Umber, Albert, 032<br />

Underground Railroad, 377<br />

Union Bank, 277<br />

Union State Ticket, 305<br />

Upper, John, 1011<br />

Upper, Rena, 1012<br />

Van Benschoter, Jeremiah, 01, 102<br />

Verandah Hotel, 179, 444<br />

Vermillion Township named, 01; mounds<br />

and fortifications in, 61; early <strong>of</strong>ficials,<br />

01; taxes, 02; early churches,<br />

02; lirst log house, 62

xxiv INDEX<br />

Vermillion, 63; population in 1910, 03;<br />

industries, 63; banks, 03; schools, 03<br />

Vermillion tax list <strong>of</strong> 1818, 02<br />

Vermillion News, 414<br />

Vermillion River, 48, 61<br />

Vermillion & Ashland Railroad, .'189<br />

Victor, Florence A., 527<br />

Victor, Harry, 174<br />

Victor, Henry C, 526<br />

Vietmeier, Eihrard M., 1162<br />

Vindicator, 415<br />

Vollmer. AVilliam, 1076<br />

Vredenburg, John V., 399<br />

Waggoner,. Clark, 409<br />

Wagner, Albert 10., 578<br />

Wagner, Carrie J., 284<br />

Wagner, C. L., 1190<br />

Wagner, John, 414<br />

Wakefield, Frederick W., 1221<br />

Waldock, George AA'., 572<br />

Waldock, John P., 035<br />

Waldock, William A., 5.12<br />

Walk-in-<strong>the</strong>-Water, 105, 336<br />

Walker, J. B., 261<br />

Walker, Samuel, 2,18<br />

Wallrabenstein, William, 506<br />

Walsh, Edward (J., 1196<br />

Walter. Eugene, "409<br />

War <strong>of</strong> 1812, 52, 8.1<br />

War <strong>of</strong> 1812, Veterans <strong>of</strong>, 344<br />

Ward. Artemas, 74<br />

Ward, Edward. 1172<br />

Ward, Elam, 402<br />

Ward, II. P., 181<br />

Ward, Jared, 101<br />

Wasem, Edward C, 1146<br />

Washburn, Emma, 779<br />

Washburn, Fred II., 778<br />

Washburn, Loren, 1117<br />

Washingtoniaii Total Abstinence Society,<br />

314<br />

AVa'terworks, 421, 4.11<br />

Watson, Cooper K., 417, 421<br />

Watts, W. IT., 3<strong>20</strong><br />

Wayne Hotel, 179<br />

Weaver, Emma M., 32JI<br />

Webber, Louis, 9.14<br />

Weed. Lee S., 753<br />

Weekly Clarion, 410<br />

Weiga'nd, Eihvard G., 702<br />

Weilnau, John W., 1004<br />

Weitzman, Charles, 1070<br />

Welch, Elbert IL, 1228<br />

Welch, Theodore 10., 892<br />

Welper, N, B., 309<br />

Welz, Herman, 914<br />

Wesleyan Methodist Church, 257<br />

West Lake Street, LinAvood (view), 63<br />

West Hotel, Sandusky (view), 218<br />

West, William T., 179, 469<br />

West, W. T., 398<br />

Western Law Journal, 428<br />

Western Reserve Normal School, 90<br />

We<strong>the</strong>rell, W. W., & Company, 226<br />

Wheatsborough, 128<br />

Wheeler, John, 410<br />

Wheelock, Lucy A., 10<strong>20</strong><br />

Wheelock, William, 1025<br />

White, A. G., 409<br />

White, Daniel D„ 724<br />

White, LeAvis F., 913<br />

White, Stephen IL, 747<br />

Wliitinore, Robt. .AL, 414<br />

WliitAVorth, Carrie ('., 1<strong>20</strong>0<br />

Whitworth, John, 1<strong>20</strong>5<br />

Widinann. Joseph S.. 557<br />

Wikel, Adam 10., 04JS<br />

AA'ikel, John C, !)!).'!<br />

AVikel, Mary IL, 994<br />

Wilcox, Clinton B., 1218<br />

Wilcox, Mrs. Mcrritt S„ 284<br />

Will) turkeys, 128<br />

Wildman, Zalmon, 151, 443<br />

Will, Henry, 1093<br />

Will, John, 1092<br />

Williams, Delbert JO., 030<br />

Williams, 11. R.. 410<br />

Williams, Mrs. Roy, 284<br />

Williams, Roy II., 418. 421, 442, 1149<br />

Williams, The, 0.1<br />

Williams, Verna, 82<br />

Willson, John M., 480<br />

Willson, Roseanna M., 488<br />

Wilner, John L„ 140<br />

Wilson, James F., 310<br />

Windom, William C„ 450<br />

Winn making, 406<br />

Winslow, Anna R., 1030<br />

WinsIoAV, J. N., 30!)<br />

Winslow, William, 1035<br />

Winters, Cyrus B., 418, 442, 553<br />

Winthrop, William, 101<br />

Winton, Samuel M., 104.'!<br />

Witter, Elijah C, 732<br />

Woman's Relief Corps. 295<br />

Women's Building and Rest Room Association.<br />

29.1 *<br />

Women's Christian Temperance Union,<br />

295<br />

"Women's Endeavor,'' 295<br />

Women's organizations, 294<br />

Wood, Harvey, 423<br />

Woodward, Amos, 39!)<br />

Worden, Robert AV.. 1109<br />

Wright, Jabez. 48, 101, 378<br />

Wyandots, 121, 130<br />

Yates, Peter, 409<br />

Young, Jacob, 443<br />

Young Mien's Christian Association, 321<br />

Youngs, Mary A.. 614<br />

Youngs, Tuttle, 613<br />

Zerbe, Fred H., 318, 403<br />

Zion Baptist Church, 2.10<br />

Zion Baptist Church (colored), 267<br />

Zion Lu<strong>the</strong>ran Church, <strong>20</strong>3<br />

Zollinger, Frederick P., 510<br />

Zollinger, John C, 450, 513<br />

Zorbach, Lorenz, 1197<br />

Zurhorst, Edmund IL, 1132

History <strong>of</strong> Erie County<br />

CHAPTER I<br />

THE FIRE-LANDS—A LIST OF THE SUFFERERS AND<br />

THEIR LOSSES<br />

To make compensation for losses, <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Connecticut, prior to<br />

<strong>the</strong> sale to <strong>the</strong> Connecticut Land Company, released and quit-claimed to<br />

<strong>the</strong> suffering inhabitants 500,000 acres, to be taken from <strong>the</strong> western end<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reserve. The tract so granted embraces <strong>the</strong> present counties <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron and Erie, <strong>the</strong> ToAvnship <strong>of</strong> Ruggles in Ashland County, and <strong>of</strong><br />

Danbury in Ottawa County. The name "Fire-lands" had its origin in<br />

<strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> lands were donated because <strong>of</strong> losses which occurred<br />

by reason <strong>of</strong> fire.<br />

Frequently did <strong>the</strong> inhabitants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>- nine suffering towns appeal to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Connecticut Legislature for some material recognition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir claims<br />

for relief. The state afforded limited aid by <strong>the</strong> abatement <strong>of</strong> taxes, but<br />

no adequate compensation was provided for some years.<br />

In 1787, at <strong>the</strong> Slay session, <strong>the</strong> memorialists made ano<strong>the</strong>r and a<br />

strong appeal, asserting <strong>the</strong> justness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir claims and complaining<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neglect <strong>the</strong>ir previous petitions had suffered. They earnestly urged<br />

<strong>the</strong> attention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Legislature to <strong>the</strong>ir prayer, which was signed for<br />

<strong>the</strong> petitioners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> several tOAvns as follows: By Charles Chauncey, <strong>of</strong><br />

New Haven; Philip Burr Bradley, <strong>of</strong> Ridgefield; Daniel Taylor, <strong>of</strong> Danbury<br />

; Thomas Fitch, <strong>of</strong> Norwalk; Jonathan Sturges, <strong>of</strong> Fairfield; John<br />

Mead, <strong>of</strong> Greenwich; John Deshon, <strong>of</strong> New London; and Andrew Ward,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Groton. The assembly referred this memorial to a special committee,<br />

consisting <strong>of</strong> Hon. Andrew Adams, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> upper house, and Col. Jeremiah<br />

Wadsworth, Maj. Charles Phelps, Maj. Wm. Hart, Col. Charles<br />

Burrell and Capt. Moses Cleveland, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower house. (See documents<br />

relating to Revolutionary war, volume .XXXVI, number 351.)<br />

In October <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year, this committee reported that, for want<br />

<strong>of</strong> exhibits, certificates and vouchers, <strong>the</strong>y were unable to present ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

a correct statement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> losses, or <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relief already<br />

granted by <strong>the</strong> state; that <strong>the</strong> houses, buildings and furniture destroyed<br />

by <strong>the</strong> enemy '' ought to be, by this state, paid for at <strong>the</strong>ir just value;<br />

and that <strong>the</strong> only means in <strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> this state at present to pay <strong>the</strong><br />

same, is in western lands." (Lb., Doc. 117.)<br />

Vol. I-I<br />

1

2 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The report, after discussion, Avas approved, and with this <strong>the</strong> matter<br />

rested. Fur<strong>the</strong>r action being postponed from session to session, Thaddeus<br />

Burr and o<strong>the</strong>rs, at <strong>the</strong> December session <strong>of</strong> 1790, presented a new<br />

petition. Thereupon a committee, consisting <strong>of</strong> .Jlon. John Treadwell,<br />

Ashur Miller and Capt. John CheiiAvood, was appointed to ascertain<br />

<strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> losses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> memorialists and o<strong>the</strong>rs AVIIO had undergone<br />

similar misfortunes. This committee entered upon its work Avithout<br />

delay. At <strong>the</strong> May session <strong>of</strong> 1791, fur<strong>the</strong>r time Avas asked and given.<br />

It was not until May, 1792, that <strong>the</strong> labors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> committee Avere so far<br />

completed as to enable <strong>the</strong> assembly to take action, which it <strong>the</strong>n did as<br />

follows:<br />

"At a general assembly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Connecticut holdcn nt Hartford<br />

on <strong>the</strong> second Thursday <strong>of</strong> May, A. D. 1792:<br />

"Upon <strong>the</strong> memorial <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvns <strong>of</strong> Fairfield<br />

and NorAvalk, shewing to this assembly that many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants <strong>of</strong><br />

said toAvns suffered great losses by <strong>the</strong> devastations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> enemy during<br />

<strong>the</strong> late war, praying a compensation <strong>the</strong>refqr, and a report <strong>of</strong> a committee<br />

appointed by <strong>the</strong> assembly at this session held at Hartford in May,<br />

1791, to ascertain from documents in <strong>the</strong> public <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

losses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> said memorialists, and o<strong>the</strong>rs under similar circumstances,<br />

which had been estimated conformably to acts <strong>of</strong> this legislature, being<br />

such as were occasioned by excursions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> enemy during <strong>the</strong> late Avar,<br />

distinguishing <strong>the</strong> losses <strong>of</strong> buildings and necessary furniture from those<br />

<strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r articles, by said documents or o<strong>the</strong>nvise, and also to ascertain<br />

<strong>the</strong> advancements which have been made to sufferers by abatement <strong>of</strong><br />

taxes or o<strong>the</strong>nvise, and to report <strong>the</strong> same, with <strong>the</strong>ir opinion relative<br />

to <strong>the</strong> ways and means <strong>of</strong> affording for <strong>the</strong> relief, as per memorial and<br />

report on file.<br />

"Resolved, By this assembly, that <strong>the</strong>re be and <strong>the</strong>re hereby are released<br />

and quit-claimed to <strong>the</strong> sufferers hereafter named, or tlieir legal<br />

representatives Avhere <strong>the</strong>y are dead, and to <strong>the</strong>ir heirs and assignees forever,<br />

five hundred thousand acres <strong>of</strong> land belonging to this State lying<br />

west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania, and bounding nor<strong>the</strong>rly on <strong>the</strong> shore<br />

<strong>of</strong> Lake Erie, beginning at <strong>the</strong> Avest line <strong>of</strong> said lands and extending eastward<br />

to a line running nor<strong>the</strong>rly and sou<strong>the</strong>rly parallel to <strong>the</strong> east line<br />

<strong>of</strong> said tract <strong>of</strong> land belonging to this State, and extending <strong>the</strong> whole<br />

width <strong>of</strong> said lands, and easterly so far as to make said quantity <strong>of</strong> fiA'e<br />

hundred thousand acres <strong>of</strong> land exclusive <strong>of</strong> any lands within said<br />

bounds, if any be, which may Have been heret<strong>of</strong>ore granted to lie divided<br />

to and among <strong>the</strong> said sufferers, and <strong>the</strong>ir legal representatiA'es where<br />

<strong>the</strong>y are dead, in proportion to <strong>the</strong> several sums annexed to <strong>the</strong>ir names<br />

as folloAA's in <strong>the</strong> annexed list."<br />

The total amount <strong>of</strong> losses awarded was 161,548 pounds, 11 shillings<br />

and 6i/> pence NeAV England currency, equivalent to $538,495.26. The<br />

board <strong>of</strong> commissioners ascertained that <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> sufferers was<br />

about 1,870. The following table will shoAv in what proportion <strong>the</strong>se<br />

sufferers and <strong>the</strong>ir losses were distributed among <strong>the</strong> suffering toAvns:

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 3<br />

' PerMna £ a. d.<br />

Greenwich 283 12,000 0 8%<br />

Norwalk 2811 <strong>20</strong>,889 lit 2fc<br />

Fairfield <strong>20</strong>9 34,39V 11 0<br />

Danbury 187 8^3*10 7%<br />

New and East Haven *; 410 16,986 0 4<br />

New London .273 54,098 7 3',a<br />

Hidgcfield 00 1,736 1 10<br />

Groton U2 7,739 10 0<br />

Total 1,870 101,54s 11 0i4<br />

The names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sufferers are classified by towns, and <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong><br />

loss sustained by each is given in pounds, shillings and pence.<br />

The following list is taken from <strong>the</strong> "Classification Record," an old<br />

book in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorder <strong>of</strong> Huron County, and, though far from<br />

being well arranged, <strong>the</strong> nuiiu-s have been copied in <strong>the</strong> order <strong>the</strong>re given.<br />

Even where a cursory glance might seem to KIIOAV <strong>the</strong> list alphabetical,<br />

fur<strong>the</strong>r examination will disclose many exceptions. The largest amount<br />

aAvarded to any one individual was to Jeremiah Miller, <strong>of</strong> New London,<br />

in <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> 2,535 pounds, 18 shillings and 10 pence, or $8,845.31; <strong>the</strong><br />

smallest on <strong>the</strong> list is that <strong>of</strong> .Marah Kilby, <strong>of</strong> New Haven, 2 shillings and<br />

6 pence or il 2/3 cents.<br />

The names on <strong>the</strong> list are familiar ones. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

descendants settled on <strong>the</strong> Fire-lands, and <strong>the</strong>ir posterity are numerous<br />

here today. The family names are alinosL^elusively <strong>of</strong> English derivation,<br />

<strong>the</strong>re being a notable absence inxiw Irish, Scotch. French and<br />

German names so common at <strong>the</strong> present day. But <strong>the</strong> baptismal names<br />

Avere peculiar, and, in this respect, time has wrought changes. Amos,<br />

Abijah, Ephraim, Ebenezer, Eleazar, Hezekiah, Joshua, Justin, Jedediah,<br />

Jotham, Obadiah, Nehemiah, Titus, Timothy and Uriah wen- as common<br />

as Abraham, Benjamin, John, James, Mat<strong>the</strong>w. Moses and Solomon, while<br />

Eliphalet, EHakim, Shadrach, Shubael.and Zechariah and tunny more<br />

names noAV unheard <strong>of</strong> are <strong>of</strong> frequent occurrence. The nnines <strong>of</strong> George,<br />

Charles, Albert, Edward, William, Henry, Frederick and Richard ftere<br />

not altoge<strong>the</strong>r wanting, but were less esteemed than those taken froiif<br />

scripture. In <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> Avomen, Anna, Abigail. Charity, Deliverance,<br />

Deborah, Prudence, Priscilla, Ruth, Thankful and Temperance are as<br />

easily picked out as Lucy, Mary, Jane and Sarah. It is needless to say<br />

that <strong>the</strong>re were no Allies or Bessies, Jennies or Minnies.<br />

Ano<strong>the</strong>r feature will strike even <strong>the</strong> most casual reader, and that is<br />

<strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> middle names—scarcely one person in a hundred is so<br />

provided—while Jr.. 2nd and even 3d, are common suffixes used to distinguish<br />

those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same family having <strong>the</strong> same name.<br />

LIST OP ORIGINAL SUFFERERS CLASSIFIED BY TOWNS WITH THE AMOUNT<br />

GREENWICH<br />

OF EACH INDIVIDUAL LOSS<br />

£ «. d. '' £ a. d.<br />

John Addington 10 0 0 Abigail Armour 6 0 >0<br />

Samuel Ask 11 18 2'/j Lnuren Brumall 4 0 0

4 HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

£ s. d.<br />

James Brown....; 15 5 5%<br />

William Bush..... 41 6 9%<br />

John Bush 10 10 9<br />

James Barnes 51 9 10%<br />

Samuel Banks . 2 15 l'/2<br />

Roger Brown 147 13 10%<br />

Isaac Bush 4 10 0<br />

Nehemiah Brown 94 10 2<br />

William Blake 3 1 3<br />

Mary Austin 3 3 7<br />

Isaac Anderson .. 44 10 0%<br />

Obediah Banks 4i 17 8<br />

Peter Cyphus 22 13 0<br />

James Cunningham .... 12 0 0<br />

Joseph Chambers 9 0 0<br />

Deborah Close 38 15 11<br />

Thomas Davis 8 5 0<br />

Stephen Davis '... 112 14 0<br />

Daniel Darrow 19 4 4<br />

Humphrey Denton 73 19 10<br />

Bazaleel Brown 07 15 8<br />

Charity Banks 8 4 0<br />

Silas Butts 217 4 1<br />

David Bush 159 5 11<br />

James Brundage 30 1 4<br />

James Brush<br />

Samuel Brush 13 13 8<br />

Deborah Brush 31 5 1<br />

Walter Butler 2 0 0<br />

Charles Brundage 3 19 4<br />

Elisha Belcher 39 1 0<br />

William Brundage 49 10 11<br />

Peter Brown 5 5 0<br />

John Clapp, Jr 129 2 3<br />

Thomas Clapp 333 17 7<br />

Odel Close 257 10 3<br />

Jacob Conklin 03 1 3<br />

Nevil Conklin 2 19 3<br />

Odel Close (Administrator)<br />

49 3 10<br />

Reuben Coe 33 10 4<br />

Abraham Close 17 0 0<br />

Joseph Close . 144 15 2<br />

Jonathan Coe 40 10 5<br />

Jeremiah Chapman .... 3 12 11<br />

Odel Close, Jr 15 7 11<br />

Horse N. Church 25 2 10<br />

Episcopal Church<br />

. Jonathan Connery 03 0 0<br />

Abraham Hays 23 19 10<br />

Thomas Hobby, Jr 18 13 4<br />

Hannah Hays ...' 1 13 3<br />

Joseph Hobby, Jr 140 4 9<br />

Isaac Holmes 03 10 10<br />

David Hallock 0 15 0<br />

Isaac Holmes, Jr 95 16 11<br />

William Hubbard 16 2 3<br />

£ s.<br />

Nathaniel Hubbard 3 2<br />

Thomas Hitcbock 33 2<br />

Nat Huested 41 7<br />

Ebenezer Howe 13 12<br />

Jona. Hubbard, Jr 31 9<br />

Benjamin Hubby 34 13<br />

d.<br />

6<br />

0<br />

5<br />

4<br />

7<br />

5<br />

Ebenezer Hubby 39 11 11<br />

John Dunn 15 o 0<br />

Isaac Davis<br />

James Ferriss<br />

Urial Fields<br />

Oliver Fairchild....<br />

Jabez Ferris<br />

Jonathan Finch<br />

15<br />

42<br />

212<br />

8<br />

28<br />

10<br />

13<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

3<br />

1<br />

8<br />

7<br />

Nathaniel Finch 27 16 3<br />

Timothy Ferris<br />

Solomon Finney<br />

16<br />

17<br />

10<br />

6<br />

0<br />

0<br />

Joshua Franklin<br />

Sylvanus Ferris<br />

Jabez Fitch<br />

Joshua Ferris<br />

Timothy Finch<br />

27<br />

42<br />

41<br />

<strong>20</strong><br />

60<br />

10<br />

14<br />

3<br />

3<br />

8<br />

1<br />

4 '<br />

1<br />

4<br />

5<br />

Joseph Ferris<br />

Moses Ferris<br />

11<br />

6<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

Ezra Finch 86 0 0<br />

Joseph Ferris<br />

Park Ferris<br />

John Gregg<br />

7<br />

6<br />

213<br />

0<br />

10<br />

8<br />

0<br />

0<br />

7<br />

Charles Green 197 12 4<br />

Anne Gregg<br />

Jabez Holmes<br />

Reuben Holmes<br />

.Mills Hobby<br />

43<br />

o<br />

32<br />

6<br />

12<br />

5<br />

10<br />

0<br />

1<br />

0<br />

2<br />

0<br />

Isaac Howe 83 19 7<br />

Mindwell Hitchcock<br />

Jonah Knapp<br />

18<br />

44<br />

7 10<br />

13 7<br />

Nathaniel Knapp 15 8 0<br />

Eunice Knapp 14 15 3<br />

Joshua Knapp 125 3<br />

John Knapp 23 7<br />

Charles Knapp<br />

William Kinch<br />

Jonathan Knapp<br />

Ezekiel Knapp<br />

Abraham Knapp<br />

Widow Kinch<br />

Samuel Lockwood<br />

Israel Lockwood<br />

Philip Lockwood<br />

; 11<br />

5<br />

26<br />

25<br />

2<br />

8<br />

108<br />

51<br />

9<br />

14 2<br />

9 7<br />

7 5<br />

6 0<br />

10 0<br />

14 4<br />

4 10<br />

Enos Lockwood<br />

Thaddeus LockAvood ....<br />

Peter Heusted<br />

Abraham Heusted<br />

13<br />

54<br />

86<br />

15 0<br />

18 5<br />

8 11<br />

Moses Heusted, Jr 2 0 3<br />

Ebenezer Holmes 9 6 8<br />

James Hounam <strong>20</strong>8 17 0<br />

Meeting House <strong>20</strong> 0 0

£<br />

Thomas Hobby 69<br />

Benjamin Heusted 6<br />

Nathaniel Hubby 12<br />

Sarah Hait 3<br />

Joseph Hubby, Jr 31<br />

Elizabeth Ingersoll 68<br />

Nathaniel Ingersoll 59<br />

William Jacobs 60<br />

Anne Ingersoll 14<br />

Job Ireland 0<br />

Amos Jessop <strong>20</strong><br />

Thomas Johnson 41<br />

William Johnson 8<br />

James Johnson 8<br />

Israel Knapp, Jr 4<br />

Ebenezer Knapp 147<br />

Jared Mead 68<br />

Daniel Marshall 22<br />

Elizabeth Moore 7<br />

Martin McDonald ....'.. 4<br />

Ezra Marshall<br />

Benjamin Mead Ill<br />

Rachel Marshall 10<br />

Peter Mead, Esq 138<br />

John Mead 162<br />

Hannah Mead 2<br />

Sarah Mead 71<br />

Ebenezer Mead 5<br />

Charles Mead 0<br />

Eliphalct Mead, Jr 95<br />

Ichiel Mead 5<br />

Abraham Mead 17<br />

Eliphalet Mead 5<br />

Nehemiah Mead 55<br />

Ma<strong>the</strong>w Mead 01<br />

Titus Mead 95<br />

Nehemiah Mead, Jr 9<br />

Daniel Merritt 36<br />

John Loudon .......... 7<br />

Caleb Lyon 9<br />

Joseph Lockwood 30<br />

William Lee 7<br />

Timothy Lockwood 10<br />

Hannah Lockwood 29<br />

William LockAvood 18<br />

Gilbert Lyon 16<br />

Abraham Lockwood<br />

Amos Lyon 19<br />

James Lyon 58<br />

Ezekial Lockwood 9<br />

James Lyon, Jr 7<br />

Caleb Lyon, Jr 29<br />

Theophilus Lockwood ... 2<br />

Jonas Mead <strong>20</strong><br />

Andrew Marshall 26<br />

Peter Mead, Jr 41<br />

Caleb Mead 33<br />

HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

s.<br />

19<br />

0<br />

0<br />

18<br />

9<br />

14<br />

16<br />

0<br />

15<br />

4<br />

6<br />

15<br />

0<br />

10<br />

15<br />

17<br />

0<br />

1<br />

i<br />

10<br />

5<br />

5<br />

19<br />

9<br />

15<br />

5<br />

18<br />

4<br />

10<br />

12<br />

19<br />

2<br />

0<br />

12<br />

5<br />

8<br />

0<br />

10<br />

9<br />

19<br />

10<br />

4<br />

4<br />

19<br />

17<br />

5<br />

12<br />

13<br />

10<br />

7<br />

0<br />

4<br />

14<br />

4<br />

17<br />

d.<br />

3<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

4<br />

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0<br />

0<br />

1<br />

0<br />

1<br />

0<br />

0<br />

5<br />

6<br />

7<br />

4<br />

0<br />

0<br />

5<br />

5<br />

9<br />

9<br />

0<br />

4<br />

4<br />

10<br />

6<br />

10<br />

5<br />

8<br />

2<br />

8<br />

o<br />

3<br />

9<br />

0<br />

11<br />

6<br />

0<br />

8<br />

10<br />

0<br />

5<br />

4<br />

5<br />

1<br />

0<br />

9<br />

0<br />

1<br />

3<br />

10<br />

7<br />

£ s. d.<br />

Reuben Merritt 25 7 9<br />

John Mead, Jr 54 16 3<br />

Nathaniel Mead, 3d.... 18 3 5<br />

Jeremiah Mead, Jr 92 15 7<br />

Gilbert Marshall ...'<br />

Deliverance and Jared<br />

Mead <strong>20</strong>0 0 0<br />

Henry Marshall 25 12 0<br />

Joseph Mead 39 15 3<br />

Shadrack Mead 42 0 0<br />

Caleb Mead, 2d 76 11 7<br />

Abigail Mead 6 0 0<br />

Jonah Mead 24 12 0<br />

Enos Mead 12 12 5<br />

Sibil Mead 86 12 0<br />

Angus McCall 12 2 7<br />

Zacheus Mead 9 14 7<br />

Ezra Marshall 56 1 9<br />

Elkanah Mead 7 10 11<br />

John Mesnard 14 0 0<br />

Andrew Mead ..., 36 0 0<br />

Jotham Mead 26 10 6<br />

Eliphalet and Ichiel<br />

Mead 85 0<br />

Robert Nutt 14 16<br />

Francis Nash 646 7<br />

Daniel Ogden 115 15<br />

Silas Mead 62 8<br />

Thomas Mesnard 6 7<br />

William Marshall 14<br />

Deliverance Mead 39<br />

Jemima Mead 18<br />

Rev. Jonathan Murdock. 79<br />

Jesse Mead 22<br />

Henry Mead 105<br />

Elizabeth Mead 13<br />

Dr. Amos Mead 180<br />

Joshua Mead 11<br />

Jerusha Mead 7<br />

John Mesnard, Jr 6<br />

James Moe 32<br />

Nathaniel Merritt 46<br />

Edmond Mead 11<br />

Titus Palmer 3<br />

Jere. and John Wood<br />

Palmer 9<br />

'Hoiton Reynolds 65<br />

0<br />

4<br />

5<br />

2<br />

7<br />

6<br />

16 11<br />

0 3<br />

8 8<br />

14<br />

8<br />

4<br />

14<br />

4<br />

8<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6 2<br />

13 4<br />

9 11<br />

0 0<br />

9 3<br />

15 10<br />

William Rundall 81 7 1<br />

Susannah Reynolds 18 16 4<br />

Anne Reynolds 22 2 9<br />

Nath. Reynolds, Jr 10 10 4<br />

John Rich ....'. 21 3 0<br />

Hannah Rundell 45 0 0<br />

Hannah Ritch 9 0 0<br />

Mary Ritch 44 2 0<br />

Reuben Randall 44 2 0<br />

Anny Rundall 4 15 0

6 HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

£<br />

Joanna Reynolds 12<br />

Soloman Rundall 39<br />

Thomas Ritch 45<br />

Timothy Rundall 7<br />

Jonathan Reynolds .... 18<br />

Abigail Rundall 3<br />

Samuel Rundall 4<br />

Ambrose and Jonathan<br />

Reynolds 18<br />

Nathaniel Reynolds .... 47<br />

Shubael Rundall 9<br />

Joseph Sackett 13<br />

Samuel Seymour 195<br />

Joshua Smith 149<br />

Jonah Smith 70<br />

Justus Sackett 223<br />

Daniel Smith 76<br />

Oliver Shenvood 10<br />

Drake Seymour 123<br />

Jabez Sherwood 47<br />

Henry Stedwell 85<br />

Gilbert Sherwood 7<br />

Rev. William Seward 25<br />

Benjamin Sutton 5<br />

David and Joshua Smith -218<br />

Thomas Steedwell 2<br />

Joseph Palmer ^100<br />

Stephen Palmer 6<br />

Sarah Parsons 5<br />

Theophilus Peck, Jr 50<br />

Thomas Benedict 779<br />

Josiah Thatcher 400<br />

James Fitch, Jr 319<br />

Thomas Fitch 387<br />

James Fitch 219<br />

John Lockwood, Jr 249<br />

Abraham Camp's heirs.. 142<br />

Seth Seymour's heirs... 157<br />

Nath. Raymond, Jr 144<br />

Fountain Smith 158<br />

John Seymour, Jr 161<br />

Abraham Benedict 73<br />

Thomas Betts 167<br />

John and Daniel EA'ersley<br />

154<br />

John Benedict 172<br />

Daniel Hyatt 85<br />

Peter Betts 180<br />

Ebenezer Whitney 108<br />

Gould Hays 195<br />

Uriah Raymond 124<br />

Abigail Raymond 144<br />

Jabez Saunders 31<br />

John Cannon 1,933<br />

s. d. £<br />

2 0 Solomon Purdy 83<br />

19 0 James Phillips <strong>20</strong><br />

15 9 Denham Palmer 2<br />

11 8 John Palmer 4<br />

0 0 Mary Peck 8<br />

2 Stephen Smith 48<br />

16 6Vi Ezra Rickett 82<br />

14 5% John Saunders 241<br />

19 5 William Seymour 93<br />

14 0ya Nathaniel Benedict 359<br />

13 3 Eliphalet Lockwood 721<br />

4 1 Hannah Hooker 211<br />

5 1%, Ezekial LockAvood 170.<br />

15 10 John Gregory, Jr 221<br />

19 9VJ Ebenezer Gregory 57<br />

3 1 Daniel Smith 99<br />

10 7 ] /j Peter Quintard 401<br />

Noah Smith 89<br />

9 6i/a John Darrow 192<br />

] 2 8 Thaddeus Betts 254<br />

6 7 Ma<strong>the</strong>w Mallery 87<br />

6 101/j John St. John 51<br />

13 9 William St. John 318<br />

8 0 John Hays 72<br />

11 1% Daniel Jackson 53<br />

4 3 Josiah Thatcher, Jr 193<br />

13 11 Elizabeth Rogers 228<br />

8 2% Eliakin Raymond 297<br />

s.<br />

18<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

8<br />

0<br />

0<br />

7<br />

14<br />

19<br />

10<br />

4<br />

18<br />

12<br />

8<br />

4<br />

3<br />

14<br />

14<br />

10<br />

0<br />

12<br />

8<br />

0<br />

18<br />

14<br />

0<br />

12<br />

8<br />

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18<br />

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13<br />

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5<br />

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4<br />

16<br />

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9<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

5<br />

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9<br />

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0<br />

0<br />

9<br />

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0<br />

6<br />

8<br />

0<br />

0<br />

2<br />

8<br />

11<br />

11<br />

5<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

1%<br />

11<br />

5Vi<br />

10<br />

9<br />

3<br />

HVa<br />

9<br />

7%<br />

0<br />

9<br />

l'/o<br />

0<br />

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0<br />

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3<br />

0<br />

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8<br />

0<br />

11

£ s. d.<br />

Lemuel Brooks 287 15 4<br />

Richard Camp 241 19 0<br />

Asa Hays 381 17 0<br />

Catharine Houghton .... 23 11 0<br />

Elizabeth Ketchum 45 10 0<br />

John Kellog 76 9 0<br />

John Seymour 345 5 0<br />

Josiah Wentworth 151 16 0<br />

Daniel Hanford 303 16 4<br />

Jesse Benedict 114 7 6<br />

Samuel Fairchild 131 3 11<br />

Simon Raymond 428 7 3%<br />

Jedediah Hanford 39 1 11<br />

Enoch Benedict 84 1 8<br />

David Handford's heirs. 41 13 9<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Keeler 165 10 10<br />

Mary Benedict 40 0 0<br />

David Comstock 313 18 0<br />

Thomas Fitch's heirs... 415 3 0<br />

John Rich ..., 72 6 0<br />

Ebenezer Hyatt 76 15 6<br />

Nathan Mallery 157 12 0<br />

Daniel Thatcher's heirs. 215 17 0<br />

Samuel Grummond 30 8 6<br />

Ebenezer Lockwood .... 82 2 2<br />

Isaiah Marvin 158 10 1<br />

Eliakim Smith <strong>20</strong>3 16 4<br />

Daniel Seymour, Jr 87 16 5<br />

Dan Fitch 119 14 7<br />

Hezekiah Raymond .... 152 14 4<br />

John Betts 303 16 0<br />

Edward Wentworth 80 13 1<br />

Isaac Scudder 661 16 0<br />

John Lockwood, 3d 218 4 0<br />

Jathan Jarvis 279 7 6<br />

Jabez Raymond 293 13 0<br />

Nehemiah St. John 89 9 6<br />

Hezekiah Hanford 268 13 8<br />

Jonathan Fitch's heirs.. 195 0 0<br />

Nathan Hays 180 4 6<br />

Daniel Fitch's heirs 259 9 1<br />

John Belden 303 14 6<br />

.Nathan Beers 195 1 0<br />

Benjamin Isaac's heirs. 406 8 9<br />

Samuel Marvin 319 3 10<br />

Thomas Grummond .... <strong>20</strong>5 11 4<br />

Jacob Jennings 22 5 6<br />

Jedediah Brown 162 7 0<br />

Sarah Johnson 33 18 10<br />

Joseph Whitney 182 11 2<br />

Susanah Butler 6 10 0<br />

Abraham Gregory 50 9 8<br />

Lydia Comstock 9 6 0<br />

Nath'l Benedict, 2d.... 152 1 3<br />

Josiah Raymond 239 9 3<br />

Col. Stephen St. John... 713 6 7<br />

Daniel W. Auley 248 7 0<br />

HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY 7<br />

£<br />

Daniel Seymour 11<br />

Deborah Dickinson 17<br />

Jane Hitchcock 19<br />

Elizabeth Rogers, 2d.... 1<br />

Hannah Hanford 60<br />

Deborah Pickett 22<br />

Mary Resco 2<br />

Rebecca Smith 3<br />

Obadiah Liscat 3<br />

Abigail Weeks 3<br />

Anne Seymour 3<br />

Piatt Townsend 2<br />

John Piatt 0<br />

Stephen Lockwood 18<br />

Nathan Hyatt, Jr 29<br />

John Rogers 41<br />

Stephen Whitney 19<br />

Jesse Brown 44<br />

Hannah Fitch's heirs... 141<br />

Jacob Arnold 24<br />

David Hyatt 9<br />

John Eversley 11<br />

Syphax (negro) 0<br />

David Whitney 0<br />

Anno Seymour 6<br />

John Lockwood 9<br />

David Judah 9<br />

Timothy Whitney 0<br />

Thomas Betts, Jr 13<br />

Haynes Fitch 42<br />

Michael Judah 13<br />

Uriah Smith 35<br />

Samuel Burral , 30<br />

Hannah Brown 6<br />

James Hait's heirs 26<br />

Stephen Keeler 25<br />

David Bott 5<br />

Eleazer Scott 16<br />

James Crowley 3<br />

Stephen St. John <strong>20</strong><br />

Nathaniel Strull 33<br />

Moses St. John 3<br />

Isaac Waring 3<br />

Giles Mallery 12<br />

David Seymour 3<br />

Mary Harvey 14<br />

Rebecca Wasron 4<br />

Jarvis Kellogg 2<br />

William Mott 10<br />

Mary Avery 11<br />

Peter Hitchcock 11<br />

Joshua Rogers 14<br />

Desire Liscat 8<br />

Robert Waters 11<br />

Jedediah Raymond .... 10<br />

Nehemiah St. John 2d.. 6<br />

Es<strong>the</strong>r St. John 2<br />

s.<br />

18<br />

2<br />

8<br />

5<br />

3<br />

0<br />

19<br />

2<br />

0<br />

10<br />

1<br />

17<br />

15<br />

12<br />

19<br />

1<br />

5<br />

0<br />

2<br />

11<br />

0<br />

1<br />

7<br />

12<br />

17<br />

12<br />

19<br />

17<br />

14<br />

1<br />

9<br />

9<br />

18<br />

3<br />

3<br />

1<br />

19<br />

0<br />

14<br />

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12<br />

' 5<br />

10<br />

4<br />

19<br />

11<br />

8<br />

3<br />

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13<br />

15<br />

7<br />

15<br />

8<br />

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6<br />

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0<br />

0<br />

7<br />

8<br />

6<br />

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0<br />

5<br />

8<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

3<br />

6<br />

0<br />

6<br />

6<br />

6<br />

3<br />

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9<br />

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0<br />

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0<br />

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6<br />

6<br />

6<br />

3<br />

6<br />

4<br />

3<br />

0<br />

0

8 HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

£ s. d.<br />

Mary Lockwood 2 8 6<br />

James Smith 21 13 0<br />

Betsey Hall 22 9 11<br />

Mary Brown 9 18 0<br />

Silas Bessey 12 16 3<br />

Abraham Lockwood .... 2 12 0<br />

Abner Booth 40 1 6<br />

Charles Pope 7 10 7<br />

Gersham Hyatt 32 5 0<br />

Pomp Learning 14 10 0<br />

Banley Arnold 12 8 0<br />

Sarah Eversley 26 13 5<br />

Mary Smith 17 5 0<br />

Thomas Darrow 17 5 2<br />

Nathan Hendrich 19 18 3<br />

William Garner 11 4 3<br />

Stephen G. Thatcher 13 1 5<br />

Stephen and Hooker St.<br />

John 30 1 6<br />

Nathaniel Raymond .... 4 4 0<br />

Susannah Fitch 24 0 0<br />

Thomas Hays 18 0 0<br />

Auley W. Auley 30 19 3<br />

Joseph Allen Wright 95 18 8<br />

Dr. Uriah Rogers' heirs. 225 0 0<br />

Jesse Raymond 147 2 2<br />

John Richards 7 6 8<br />

Joseph Waring 14 18 1<br />

Isaac Richards 44 10 10<br />

Eli Read 58 10 11<br />

Jesse Read 3 11 6<br />

John Bigsley 7 0 6<br />

Benjamin Read 42 14 6<br />

Daniel Richards 12 5 1<br />

Solomon Whitman 17 17 6<br />

David Read 126 7 4<br />

Nathan Waring 32 14 7<br />

Richard Youngs 31 5 11<br />

Mary Read 47 17 0<br />

Gersham Richards 31 13 1<br />

Clapp Raymond 34 .3 10<br />

John Richards 35 9 10<br />

Seth Abbott 55 7 3<br />

Capt. Eliakim Raymond. 80 17 4<br />

Simeon Stewart 60 10 10<br />

Capt. Phineas Hanford.. 43 14 0<br />

Azor Mead !. 36 6 8<br />

Phineas Hanford, Jr 25 19 2<br />

Richard Dunning 26 10 6<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Marvin 19 0 8<br />

Elizabeth Whelpley 17 17 8<br />

Lydia Fitch 19 19 10<br />

Elijah Fitch 10 5 2<br />

Samuel Keeler 30 14 0<br />

Samuel Middlebrook ... 14 9 11<br />

Ezra Waterbury 11 6 4<br />

Hannah Gregory 13 3 4<br />

£ s.<br />

Ebenezer Bennit, Jr 14 2<br />

Nathan Adams 14 0<br />

James Betts 17 2<br />

Benjamin Keeler 10 19<br />

Nathan Keeler 3 7<br />

James Whelpley 4 5<br />

Capt. Sam '1 Comstock.. 2 0<br />

Benjamin Betts 2 11<br />

Rev. Isaac Lewis 5 1<br />

Daniel Sturges 1 15<br />

Peter Sturges 0 14<br />

Es<strong>the</strong>r Wasson 5 0<br />

Capt. Josiah Thatcher... 16 7<br />

Ephraim Stewart 5 4<br />

Silae Hicock 3 12<br />

Jesse Birchard 7 12<br />

Simron Stewart, Jr 8 6<br />

Benjamin Stewart 14 19<br />

John Fillco 1 15<br />

Col. M°t<strong>the</strong>w Mead..... 4 19<br />

David Webb 1 10<br />

John Rockwell 5 16<br />

Elizabeth Gaylord 5 8<br />

Nathan Hicock 2 5<br />

Jas. Small Olmstead 2 18<br />

Samued Stewart 12 2<br />

Mich '1 Morehouse, Jr.. .. 7 7<br />

Andrew Morehouse 1 16<br />

Michael Morehouse ....'. 4 3<br />

James Keeler 8 4<br />

Josiah Taylor, Jr 4 9<br />

Thaddeus Keeler 2 5<br />

Sarah Morehouse 6 4<br />

Ebenezer Fitch 2 10<br />

Nathan Burrall 2 17<br />

Jeremiah Webb 7 5<br />

Elizabeth Dunning 7 1<br />

Solomon Morehouse .... 5 11<br />

Rebecca Deforest 1 15<br />

Mary Pleet 15 10<br />

Benjamin Betts, Jr 3 10<br />

James Olmstead 7 9<br />

William St. John 35 12<br />

Daniel Gregory 18 18<br />

Thaddeus Morehouse ... 2 2<br />

Joseph Olmstead 2 8<br />

Eliphalet Lockwood 23 18<br />

Jabez Raymond 38 16<br />

Charles Pope 6 0<br />

Haynes Fitch 47 10<br />

Hezekiah Hanford 59 10<br />

Daniel Hanford <strong>20</strong> 0<br />

James Fitch, Jr 23 12<br />

Rebecca Fitch 63 3<br />

Robert Waters 6 0<br />

Dan Finch 3 0<br />

Uriah Smith 3 0

£<br />

Simeon Raymond 14<br />

William Raymond 5<br />

Moses Raymond 5<br />

Timothy Hoyt 6<br />

Benjamin Merrit 5<br />

Jedediah Raymond .... 15<br />

Hannah Dickenson 23<br />

Abraham Andress 430<br />

Sarah Andress 192<br />

Col. Elijah Abel 719<br />

John Allen 545<br />

David Allen 476<br />

George Allen 231<br />

Anthony Anniball 155<br />

Peter Burr 282<br />

Reuben Beers 510<br />

David Beers 164<br />

Samuel Beers 96<br />

Ebenezer Bartran 144<br />

Joseph Beers 90<br />

David Burr 388<br />

Wakeman Burr 363<br />

Samuel Burr 481<br />

Job Bartran 962<br />

Gersham Burr 300<br />

Thaddeus Burr 1,373<br />

Simoon Couch, 3d 227<br />

John Davis 62<br />

Ann Dimon 317<br />

William Dimon 625<br />

N. Thompson Nichols... 67<br />

Elizabeth Gold 246<br />

Nathan Godfrey 309<br />

David Jennings, 2d 255<br />

Rebecca Jennings 127<br />

Moses Jennings 599<br />

Isaac Jennings 281<br />

Peter Hendrick 399<br />

Abigail Hubbell 170<br />

Stephen Jennings 195<br />

Jeremy Jennings 190<br />

Ebenezer Jessup 282<br />

Moss Kent 185<br />

Lathrop Lewis 27<br />

Sturges Lewis 52<br />

Jonathan Lewis 921<br />

Widow Eunice Morehouse 68<br />

Gideon Morehouse 66<br />

Ebenezer Morehouse ... 83<br />

Grammon Morehouse ... 6<br />

John Morehouse 233<br />

Hezekiah Nicolls 394<br />

Daniel Osborn 135<br />

Eleazer Osborn, Jr 181<br />

HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY S<br />

s. d. £ s. d.<br />

0 0 Moses Dickenson's heirs. 259 16 10<br />

0 0 Silas Bartow .; 48 12 0<br />

0 0 Samuel Ketchum 4 1 6<br />

0 0 Evert Ellison 13 10 0<br />

0 0 Michael Judah 0 2 0<br />

0 0 John Read 9 10 11<br />

19 9 Hetty Javiss 2 8 2<br />

FAIRFIELD<br />

6 0 Widow Mary Penfleld... 139 14 1<br />

9 0 Solomon Sturges 319 3 9<br />

14 4 Mabel Osborn 605 0 2<br />

12 6 Samuel Penfleld ..1,065 9 4<br />

9 8 John Parrot 86 9 8<br />

3 11 Nathaniel Parsons 80 7 7<br />

5 2 John Raymond and E.<br />

9 1 Cooley 56 2 7<br />

4 2 Samuel Rowland 470 10 7<br />

4 6 Andrew RoAvland 1,565 15 11<br />

8 5 Samuel Squire 412 15 4<br />

10 3 John Smedley 763 10 4<br />

17 0 Seth Sturges 431 0 1<br />

2 9 Joseph Squire 65 0 6<br />

14 9 Thomas Staples 247 4 7<br />

3 10 Joseph Sturges' heirs.. .339 15 2<br />

17 5 Jonathan Sturges 748 2 0<br />

10 4 Hezekiah Sturges 532 8 3<br />

18 1 Samuel Sturges 234 18 1<br />

9 3 Samuel Smedley 415 19 7<br />

14 11 Eliphalet Thorp 401 6 1<br />

18 4 Jabez Thorp 147 18 0<br />

8 1 John Turney 526 12 2<br />

18 0 Stephen Thorp 515 1 8<br />

16 0 Ansel Treeby 96 11 7<br />

12 2 John Wasson 161 5 10<br />

3 5 Andrew Wakeman <strong>20</strong>7 14 2<br />

0 4 Ebenezer Wakeman .... 68 12 1<br />

12 4 Joseph Wakeman 167 3 8<br />

1 4 Thomas Hanford Wake-<br />

6 9 man 239 6 10<br />

13 4 Mary Cutler 48 18 1<br />

5 5 David Annible 43 18 10<br />

12 11 Neh. Buddington 15 1 7<br />

19 3 Andrew Bulkley 33 10 11<br />

0 7 James Bujkley 0 15 5<br />

5 2 Walter Buddington <strong>20</strong> 19 8<br />

11 2 Widow Abigail Burr.... 58 17 9<br />

11 7 William Buddington 37 7 9<br />

7 0 Walter Carson 27 0 7<br />

10 6 Jonathan Darrow 254 5 2<br />

8 3 Isaac Jarvis 23 10 9<br />

11 6 Abigail Jennings 49 16 1<br />

11 5 Justin Jennings 31 7 0<br />

10 7 Levi Mallery 21 18 6<br />

5 0 Abigail Osborn 106 9 9<br />

2 9 John Parsons 22 1 2

10 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

£<br />

Ephraim Bobbins 106<br />

Ebenezer Sturges 89<br />

John Squire, Jr 15<br />

Judson Sturges 128<br />

Isaac Tucker 68<br />

Samuel Smith 19<br />

Isaac Turney <strong>20</strong><br />

John Williams, Jr 13<br />

Ruth Wakeman , 22<br />

Wright White 46<br />

Mary Alvord <strong>20</strong><br />

Isaac Burr 23<br />

Amelia Burr 10<br />

Ruth Burr 3<br />

Charles Burr 24<br />

Luce Burr 4<br />

George Batterson 55<br />

Dudley Baldwin 7<br />

William Batterson 16<br />

Samuel Burr, Jr 2<br />

Samuel Burr, 3d 14<br />

David Burr 10<br />

Abigail Burr, Jr 50<br />

Nathan Bulkley 11<br />

Olivo Bulkley 30<br />

Wid. Abigail Bulkley and<br />

Jonathan Bulkley .... 54<br />

Ebenezer Bulkley 0<br />

Nehemiah Banks 4<br />

Priscilla Burr 282<br />

David Barlow 374<br />

Nathaniel Burr 22<br />

Nathan Burr 4<br />

William Carter 16<br />

Ann Caldwell 8<br />

Thomas and Simon<br />

Couch 10<br />

Abigail Chapman 2<br />

John Cake 0<br />

Caleb Disbrow 18<br />

Rev. Andrew Elliot 549<br />

Francis Forgue 151<br />

Abigail Thompson 8<br />

Nathan T. Nickols 81<br />

Hannah McKensey 1<br />

Jemima Gould 6<br />

Abel Gold 113<br />

Abel Gold, Jr 3<br />

Daniel Gorham <strong>20</strong><br />

Jos. Gold, deceased 17<br />

Martha Fairchild 44<br />

Justin Hobart 15<br />

Jabez Hubbell 32<br />

Isaac Hubbell 18<br />

Isaac Hayes 86<br />

Anna Hull 64<br />

John Hickling <strong>20</strong><br />

s.<br />

14<br />

4<br />

16<br />

16<br />

17<br />

16<br />

3<br />

19<br />

8<br />

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£ s. d.<br />

Sarah HeAvs 15 9 6<br />

Peter Jennings 7 8 3<br />

Lyman Jennings 5 10 6<br />

Hezekiah Jennings 1 1 0<br />

Daniel Jennings 32 2 1<br />

David Jennings 27 18 10<br />

Martha Jennings 27 18 0<br />

Ephraim Jennings 0 9 0<br />

Margaret Keeler 13 2 1<br />

Es<strong>the</strong>r Lord 7 4 0<br />

Jonathan Multbie 47 5 10<br />

Jona Middlebrook 4 4 10<br />

Jesse .Morehouse 16 6 2<br />

Hannah Morehouse 33 18 8<br />

David Osborn 21 9 0<br />

Free Negro Ned 7 4 0<br />

Samuel Osborn 30 13 6<br />

Nehemiah Phinney 12 12 0<br />

James Penfleld 6 12 0<br />

Jabez Perry 2 18 0<br />

John Perry 6 17 0<br />

Abraham Parrott 4 14 0<br />

Sarah Penfleld 15 10 0<br />

Benjamin Rumsey 0 15 0<br />

Lucretia Redfield 28 3 4<br />

Widow Sarah Redfield.. 28 15 6<br />

Robert Ross 2 17 0<br />

Rev. Hezekiah Ripley... 368 19 2<br />

Joseph Sprague 2 3 8<br />

Grace Spalding 90 4 4<br />

Francis D. Sword 3 3 6<br />

Benjamin Squire 1 7 0<br />

Samuel Squire, 2d 83 6 8<br />

Seth Smith 56 7 0<br />

Zecheriah Sanford 2 5 0<br />

Mary Smith 10 14 3<br />

Ebenezer Squire 14 14 4<br />

Stephen Turney 88 5 4<br />

Samuel Taylor 9 17 0<br />

William Thorp 24 18 0<br />

Ruel Thorp 6 6 0<br />

WidoAV Hannah Taylor.. 40 4 0<br />

Jehiel Whitehead 6 16 2<br />

Richard Wane 5 8 3<br />

Abigail Whitear Ill 13 11<br />

Samuel King 5 7 0<br />

Gideon Wells 29 8 8<br />

John Wilson 5 4 0<br />

Nathaniel Wilson 10 17 0<br />

John Whitehead 17 8 0<br />

Abigail Wynkoop 59 15 0<br />

Joseph Wakeman 4 0 0<br />

Increase Bradley 180 0 0<br />

House <strong>of</strong> Peter Bulkley<br />

and Jos. Sturgess .... 91 0 0<br />

Edward Buddington ... 81 0 0<br />

Andrus Jennings 210 0 0

Aaron Jennings<br />

William LeA'esay<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Benjamin Osborn<br />

Benjamin Allen<br />

Ephraim Burr<br />

Gilbert Bryan<br />

Ebenezer Baker<br />

Gersham Banks<br />

George Burr<br />

John Banks<br />

Ephraim Burr, Jr<br />

Nathan Bennit<br />

Joseph Bennit<br />

Francis Bradley, 3d<br />

Pickney Burr<br />

Elias Bennett<br />

Job Bartran<br />

Thomas Bennitt<br />

Sarah Bryant<br />

James Bennitt<br />

Abigail DesbroAV<br />

Jason Desbrow<br />

Hezekiah Cooley<br />

John Crosman<br />

Caleb DesbroAV<br />

Jabez DesbroAV<br />

John DesbroAV<br />

Shubael Gorham<br />

Solomon Gray<br />

Ann Godfrey<br />

Hezekiah Hull<br />

Isaac Hays<br />

John Hyde<br />

John Hyde, Jr<br />

Joseph Hyde<br />

Ebenezer Jessup<br />

Joseph Lyon<br />

Seth Meeker<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 11<br />

£ s. d. £ s. d.<br />

100 0 0 John Morehouse 15 13 0<br />

152 0 0 Benjamin Meeker 15 17 4<br />

Rebecca Nash 6 7 5<br />

152 0 0 Sarah Ogden 19 6 1<br />

5 3 3 Daniel Osborn 0 13 6<br />

95 17 10 Cornelius Stratton 1 5 3<br />

19 17 0 John Stratton 1 13 0<br />

21 18 0 Ebenezer Sherwood .... 2 0 0<br />

14 15 0 Joseph Sherwood 9 15 6<br />

15 16 10 Jehiel Sherwood 4 14 0<br />

22 12 2 Joshua Squire and Sam-<br />

4 18 11 uel Burr 35 17 6<br />

15 2 0 Andrew Sturges 13 18 0<br />

56 0 7 Gersham Thorp 9 0 0<br />

2 10 6 William Thorp 3 0 0<br />

14 0 0 Jessup Wakeman 12 9 11<br />

19 15 5 Samuel Whitney, Jr. 26 10 2<br />

13 10 0 Peter Whitney 7 9 0<br />

3 2 3 Widow Elizabeth Sturges 150 0 0<br />

17 10 0 Moses Bulkley 50 0 0<br />

26 3 0 Josiah Bulkley 10 0 0<br />

9 118 Nathan Beers 1 17 6<br />

16 2 4 Ebenezer Munro 1 15 0<br />

3 6 0 Adm 'r <strong>of</strong> Nehemiah Bud-<br />

5 12 2 dington 0 10 0<br />

8 16 4 Mary Alvoid 8 0 0<br />

5 9 6 Jonah Bulkley 0 6 0<br />

15 14 0 George Cable 400 0 0<br />

4 15 0 County House<br />

1 3 6 Goal and Goaler 's House<br />

3 18 0 School House on <strong>the</strong><br />

10 0 0 green<br />

28 0 7 Meeting House<br />

47 11 3 Old School House<br />

7 6 3 Church House<br />

35 0 0 Meeting House at<br />

3 1 6 Green's Farm<br />

31 15 9 Church, Glebe House and<br />

22 5 8 Barn<br />

DANBUEY<br />

Daniel Taylor, Esq 056 0 VA Jabez Rockwell 158 10 9<br />

Major Taylor<br />

462 12 2 Thaddeus Benedict, Esq. 349 7 4<br />

John McLean<br />

528 7 1 Eli. Mygatt, Esq 542 7 11<br />

Zadock Benedict 67 13 4 James Clark 524 3 4<br />

Joseph Wildman 278 5 4 Comfort Hoyt, Jr 478 15 7<br />

John Wood<br />

262 15 11 Sarah Benedict 40 12 10<br />

Matt. Benedict, Jr.,.... 218 7 4 Daniel Church 40 8 10<br />

David Wood<br />

288 14 0 Eliphalet Barnum 42 6 8<br />

Abigail Wood<br />

18 7 4 Mary Barnum 22 10 0<br />

Jonah Benedict<br />

<strong>20</strong>6 6 41/. Elnathan Gregory 31 6 VA<br />

Rev. Ebenezer White 217 7 4 Rev. Noah Wetmore.... 28 3 0<br />

Jos. P. Cook, Esq 53 6 8 Elizabeth Henries 18 9 8<br />

Ezra Starr 1 ,241 11 4 Christian Rose 0 18 4<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Benedict .. 176 16 5 Mat<strong>the</strong>w Barnum 2 10 8<br />

Benjamin Sperry ... 113 4 2 Comfort Barnum 2 0 0

12 HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

£<br />

Joshua Benedict 12<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Crowfeet 3<br />

' Ann Shepherd 8<br />

David Judd 9<br />

Charles Peck 0<br />

Joseph Benedict, Jr 7<br />

Preserve Wood 3<br />

Joseph Gregory 8<br />

Hannah Lockwood 2<br />

Isaac Callin 4<br />

Christian Starr 6<br />

Nathan Taylor, 3d 15<br />

Samuel Taylor, Esq 22<br />

John Taylor 11<br />

Rachel Gregory 4<br />

Samuel Lambert 3<br />

Horace Knapp 2<br />

Nathaniel Lockwood.... 7<br />

Seth Crowfeet 3<br />

Samuel Andruss 8<br />

Wait Desbrow 9<br />

Isaac Davis 1<br />

Hannah Andruss 15<br />

Timothy Ketchum 23<br />

Caleb Baldwin 2<br />

John Knapp 6<br />

Abijah Benedict 5<br />

Thomas Wildman 3<br />

Samuel Wood 1<br />

Hannah Wood 4<br />

Thomas Starr 9<br />

Jonas Benedict 1<br />

Seth Shove $<br />

Elias Taylor 4<br />

Rebecca Cr<strong>of</strong>eet 1<br />

Phineas Peck 1<br />

Eliphalet Peck ...;.... 1<br />

Benjamin Shove 2<br />

William Wille 1<br />

Comfort Wildman 11<br />

Aaron Stone 2<br />

Sarah Peck 1<br />

Jonathan Taylor 6<br />

Abijah Barnum 7<br />

Oliver Taylor 4<br />

Abial Philips 6<br />

Daniel Hicock 6<br />

Benjamin Wood 1<br />

Ezra SteA-ens 3<br />

Bethuel Judd 1<br />

John Peck 2<br />

Joseph Benedict 7<br />

Anne Northrop 3<br />

Benjamin Hicock 9<br />

Benjamin Curtiss 4<br />

Samuel Benedict 4<br />

William Griffin 3<br />

8.<br />

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15<br />

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£ s.<br />

Elisha Dibble 4 6<br />

Patience Guthrie 3 19<br />

Benjamin Boughton .... 2 2<br />

Andrew Comstock 5 4<br />

Nathaniel SteA'ens 3 8<br />

Joseph Beebe 12 10<br />

Jonathan Hays 11 10<br />

Nathaniel Gregory 18 7<br />

Daniel Millson 0 13<br />

Stephen Trowbridge.... 7 0<br />

Justus Hoyt 2 5<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Gregory 12 7<br />

Jacob Fintch 2 16<br />

James Fielding 3 0<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Wilks 3 9<br />

John Barnum 5 17<br />

John Porter 2 0<br />

Nathan Taylor, Jr 4 0<br />

Timothy Northrum 2 6<br />

Timothy Benedict 2 5<br />

Timothy Wildman 2 13<br />

Alexander Stewart 5 17<br />

Stephen Sc<strong>of</strong>leld 6 5<br />

Thomas Benedict 13 10<br />

Roger (negro) 0 6<br />

Ebenezer Benedict, Jr... 4 14<br />

Joseph Broadbooks .... 4 0<br />

OliA'er Benedict 4 14<br />

Ebenezer Benedict 5 16<br />

David Northrop 3 14<br />

Enos Camp 3 19<br />

Ephraim Barnum 3 10<br />

Daniel Stevens 2 12<br />

Elijah Wood 2 7<br />

Thaddeus Barnum 17 9<br />

Philip Corbin 10 4<br />

Nathaniel Benedict 4 10<br />

Thomas Tayler 11 18<br />

Thomas Tayler, Jr 10 2<br />

James Trowbridge 7 1<br />

Daniel Wildman ....... 31 19<br />

Benjamin Taylor 2 15<br />

John Elliot 2 5<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Starr 2 12<br />

Thomas H. Benedict.... 8 15<br />

William Stone 7 2<br />

John Stone 4 16<br />

Lemuel Benedict 2 10<br />

Nathaniel Starr 4 7<br />

Ebenezer Munson, Jr.... 21 8<br />

John Gregory 4 0<br />

Jeremiah Dunning 2 2<br />

James Crary 4 14<br />

Amos Northrop 2 9<br />

David Northrop 4 6<br />

Abial Pickett 3 14<br />

John Sturdevant 4 11<br />

d..<br />

8<br />

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8<br />

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£ s. d.<br />

Sallie Pell .'. 6 13 4<br />

Eleazer Hoyt 1 19 8<br />

Caleb Church 3 19 4<br />

Thomas Benedict, Jr.... 10 1 4<br />

Josiah Starr 9-3 8<br />

Joshua Knapp 43 3 8<br />

Moses Knapp 4 6 8<br />

Ebenezer Manson 23 6 8<br />

Hannah Robertson 2 6 8<br />

Josiah Starr 13 5 8<br />

Isaac Benedict 4 4 6<br />

Thomas Benedict 1 11 6<br />

Robert Benedict 2 9 4<br />

Samuel Benedict, Jr 7 16 8<br />

Mary Greenstale 9 12 0<br />

Antony Anguine 3 6 0<br />

Samuel Brown 1 3 10<br />

John Coach 5 10 8<br />

Stephen Jarvis 43 8 6<br />

Ezra Dibble, Jr 17 7 11<br />

Joseph M. White 31 7 8<br />

Abraham Augur 60 0 8<br />

Hezekiah Augur 29 8 3<br />

El.lad Atwater 52 0 7<br />

David Austin, Esq 276 17 0<br />

Timothy Atwater 8 2 0<br />

Phineas Andruss 18 7 6<br />

Joseph Adams 13 19 5<br />

John Allen 15 17 6<br />

Christopher Allen 0 16 3<br />

Samuel Austin 69 13 0<br />

Abner Austin 56 12 7<br />

Abinh Allen 13 13 7<br />

Oliver Allen 40 18 0<br />

Samuel Bird 42 2 5<br />

Abraham Bradley 101 6 8<br />

Joseph Bradley 403 9 2<br />

Benjamin Brown 30 1 1<br />

Israel Bishop 31 16 9<br />

Isaac Bishop 37 0 7<br />

Abel Burret 27 12 6<br />

John Bradley, Jr 31 6 2<br />

Stephen Ball 36 0 6<br />

Francis Brown 12 16 9<br />

Peter Bontion 70 14 9<br />

Phineas Bradley, Jr 19 13 6<br />

Daniel Bishop 79 5 6<br />

John Beecher, Jr 23 9 10<br />

Gurden Bradley 66 0 10<br />

Azariah Bradley 19 2 0<br />

Samuel Barnes 13 16 8<br />

Stephen Bradley 4 3 3<br />

Thomas Burrall 17 2 11<br />

Timothy Bartique 23 7 5<br />

HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY 13<br />

NEW HAVEN AND EAST HAVEN<br />

Aaron Knapp 4 18<br />

Joseph Gunn 4 8<br />

Thomas Tayler . ..; 32 5<br />

Benjamin Darley 1 14<br />

Shadrack Morriss 10 6<br />

Noah Hoyt 3 5<br />

d.<br />

0<br />

8<br />

4<br />

6<br />

8<br />

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Samuel Gregory 61 16 10<br />

David Pierce 3 12 0<br />

Richard Smith 6 6 0<br />

Henry Peek 2 2 8<br />

David Comstock 9 6 $<br />

John Shepherd 1 1 0<br />

Joseph Burchard 1 12 10<br />

Judith Taylor 1 8 0<br />

Sarah Basset 0 18 8<br />

Amos Collins 4 17 6<br />

Joshua Starr 4 16 0<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Taylor 23 19 6<br />

William B. Alger 19 7 4<br />

Caleb Hoyt 4 13 4<br />

James Bradley 48<br />

Buckminster Brintnall .. 51<br />

Eleazer Brown 8<br />

Nando Cambridge 14<br />

Charles Chauncey 47<br />

Samuel Candy 51<br />

John Chandler 108<br />

Timothy Dwight 10<br />

Samuel Dwight 9<br />

Thomas Davis 21<br />

Jacob Dagget 50<br />

Amos Doolittle 11<br />

Nathan Dummer 6<br />

Jonathan Fitch 170<br />

Jehiel Forbes 173<br />

Levi Forbes 5<br />

Samuel Green 54<br />

Samuel Griswold 21<br />

Caleb Gilbert 48<br />

James Gilbert 12<br />

Stephen Gorham 27<br />

Hezekiah Gorham 21<br />

William Greenough .... 27<br />

Samuel Gills 58<br />

Timothy Gilbert 3<br />

Samuel Gorham 9<br />

Richard Hood 36<br />

Nathan Howell 10<br />

Samuel Huggins 91<br />

Ezekial Hays 72<br />

Josiah Holly 52<br />

Abiah Hall 3<br />

Amos Hotchkiss 34<br />

8<br />

7<br />

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7<br />

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£<br />

Samuel Horton 77<br />

Jonah Hotchkiss 19<br />

Ebenezer Huggings .... 47<br />

Mary Hubbard 5<br />

Joseph Howell 75<br />

Samuel Howell 39<br />

Susannah Hotchkiss .... 14<br />

Obediah Hotchkiss 09<br />

Caleb Hotchkiss 9<br />

Henry F. Hughes 38<br />

Elijah Hill 10<br />

Stephen Herrick 15<br />

Jabez Johnson 13<br />

Timothy Jones, Jr 38<br />

Timothy and William<br />

Jones 167<br />

Tsuac Jones 148<br />

Levi Ives 40<br />

Peter Johnson ^ <strong>20</strong><br />

Silas Kinibcrly 9<br />

Azel Kimbeiiy 52<br />

Mary Kimberly 18<br />

Elam Luddingtou 408<br />

Daniel Lyman, Esq 308<br />

Jesse LeavenAvorth 143<br />

William Lyon 92<br />

Ebenezer Lewis <strong>20</strong><br />

John Lathrop 71<br />

Jeremiah McCumber ... <strong>20</strong><br />

Amos Morris 1,235<br />

William Mansfield < 47<br />

Jonah Mix 15<br />

Stephen Munson 22<br />

Joseph Mix 11<br />

William Miles 5<br />

Joseph Munson 10<br />

John Miles 48<br />

William Munson 73<br />

Samuel Munson 41<br />

Israel Munson 27<br />

Aliss Miles 5<br />

EdAvard Maloy <strong>20</strong>5<br />

Amos Munson 18<br />

Paul Noyes 2<br />

David Osborn 30<br />

Nathan Oaks 19<br />

Nahittibal Osborn 3<br />

William Plumgart, Jacob<br />

and Elijah or Abijah<br />

Pardy 402<br />

Mary Pardy 134<br />

Hezekiah Parmely 109<br />

Mostin Parrott 27<br />

William Punchard <strong>20</strong><br />

Jacob Pinto 22<br />

Ichabod Page 59<br />

Sarah Parmely 8<br />

HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

s.<br />

0<br />

0<br />

12<br />

17<br />

12<br />

5<br />

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15<br />

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0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

7<br />

8<br />

0<br />

5<br />

0<br />

2<br />

8<br />

4<br />

9<br />

0<br />

4<br />

10<br />

8<br />

0<br />

9<br />

8<br />

10<br />

0<br />

0<br />

9<br />

6<br />

11<br />

5<br />

4<br />

3<br />

2<br />

0<br />

1<br />

8<br />

9<br />

11<br />

6<br />

£ s. d.<br />

James Plant 94 17 10<br />

Jeremiah Parmely IS 17 0<br />

Charles Priiidle 47 4 0<br />

John Pease IS 13 4<br />

Benjamin Pardy 8S 12 0<br />

John Robertson <strong>20</strong> 15 2<br />

John Richards . 13 6 0<br />

Philemon Smith 53 0 3<br />

Benjamin Sanford 32 5 11<br />

William Sherman 37 3 3<br />

Francis Sage 34 1 10<br />

Jonathan Sabin 04 IS 0<br />

Timothy Sperry 30 13 2<br />

Charles Sabin 29 5 6<br />

Jo-so Stephens 18 17 4<br />

Elias Shipmun 10 19 0<br />

Caleb Trowbridge 125 15 3<br />

J ere Trowbridge, Jr... . 7 3 3<br />

Daniel Tuttle .13 2 2<br />

Isaac Townsend 11 10 10<br />

Benujah Thomas 7 0 7<br />

Robert Townsend 15 19 6<br />

Hezekiah Tuttle 54 3 3<br />

Richard Tuttle 13 4 0<br />

Michael Todd. 73 10 11<br />

Jeremiah ToAvnsend .... 30 7 8<br />

Jacob Thompson 00 19 2<br />

Timothy ToAvnsend .... 11 5 8<br />

Abraham Tuttle, Jr 27 2 6<br />

John Townsend 3 0 0<br />

Stephen TroAvbridge 8 0 10<br />

Samuel Tuttle 270 19 0<br />

James Tuttle 93 3 0<br />

Timothy Tuttle 79 9 5<br />

Noah Tucker 99 17 4<br />

Jesse Upson 47 18 0<br />

Jonathan Williams 2 19 9<br />

John WoodAvard 838 17 3<br />

John Woodward, Jr 740 19 11<br />

Moses Wells 250 7 4<br />

Samuel Wilmott 62 10 2<br />

William Ward 22 11 7<br />

John Wise 31 15 0<br />

Daniel Wilmott 42 10 3<br />

John White, Jr 23 18 3<br />

Rev. Chuuncey Whittlesey 3<strong>20</strong> 0 3<br />

Thomas Wooster 590 15 1<br />

John Whitney, Esq 158 16 3<br />

Titus Beecher 5 8 0<br />

Hannah Bingley 10 5 6<br />

Isaac Beecher 3 15 9<br />

Sarah Brown 12 11 6<br />

Peter Buckley 2 11 0<br />

Joseph Bishop 8 4 0<br />

Elias Beech 3 10 0<br />

Archibald Blakeley 11 5 11<br />

Tilly Blakeley 13 7 2

£ s. d.<br />

Abraham Barnes 3 10 0<br />

Atkins Broughton 8 1 0<br />

George Cook 45 10 7<br />

Cornelius Cunningham:.. <strong>20</strong> 11 0<br />

John Catlin 8 7 0<br />

Nathan Catlin 8 16 0<br />

Zachariah Candee 7 19 2<br />

Levi Clinton 6 8 0<br />

David Cook 29 13 0<br />

Russel Clark 1 18 10<br />

Samuel Clark 7 14 9<br />

Samuel Cook 19 7 9<br />

Samuel Chatterton 13 33 S<br />

John Clause 3 0 0<br />

John Carsu j.... 8 14 0<br />

Sarah Davenport 1 2 0<br />

Isaac Doolittle <strong>20</strong> 17 0<br />

Samuel Dunwell 34 2 0<br />

Henry Doggett 37 14 4<br />

Rhoda Dennison 10 0 0<br />

Hamlin Dwight 2 19 0<br />

Doct. Xaptail Doggett. 32 11 0<br />

Isaac Dickerman 32 4 0<br />

William Dock 15 9 0<br />

Re\\ Jonathan EdAvards. 57 15 4<br />

William Eyers 5 6 0<br />

Robert Fairchild 10 12 0<br />

Ezra Ford 10 17 0<br />

Abel Frisby 23 15 0<br />

Samuel GoodAvin 14 1 0<br />

John Goodrich 140 17 4<br />

Timothy Gorham 10 19 0<br />

Ruth Gordon 7 10 0<br />

Henry Gibbs 4 8 0<br />

Amos Gilbert 13 7 0<br />

Sarah Goldsmith 53 1 0<br />

Joe Gilbert 2 9 0<br />

Daniel Goodsell 12 6 0<br />

David Gilbert 8 2 0<br />

Martin Gattee, deceased. 19 0 7<br />

John Goodsell 8 13 0<br />

Stephen Hotchkiss 4 7 0<br />

Christian Hanson 21 5 0<br />

Ebenezer Hull 5 5 0<br />

Hannah Hotchkiss 4 12 0<br />

Sarah Hunt 3 4 0<br />

Frederick Harding 12 4 0<br />

Eleanor Hoy 1 17 0<br />

Joseph Hutts 1 5 0<br />

Jared Hemmingway .... 5 4 6<br />

Hannah Howe 13 3 6<br />

Sarah Howe 14 7 1<br />

William Holmes 43 7 0<br />

David Hull 19 14 0<br />

James Hull 9 6 0<br />

Silas Hotchkiss 3 1 0<br />

Nehemiah Hotchkiss ... 14 11 6<br />

Nehemiah HigginB 2 8 11<br />

HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY 15<br />

£ s. d.<br />

Enos Hotchkiss 3 17 8<br />

Mary Horton 5 14 9<br />

Stephen HoneyAvell .... 1 19 6<br />

Abigail Hughes 37 12 5<br />

Stephen Johnson 14 3 9<br />

Simeon Joulin 10 15 0<br />

Amaziah Joulin 25 10 3<br />

Abraham Johnson 5 10 10<br />

Mabel Johnson 6 0 0<br />

Enos Johnson 1 17 9<br />

Jack and Avife 17 11 11<br />

Jared Ingersoll 2 0 0<br />

Richard Johnson 11-8 0<br />

Lydia Johnson 5 7 0<br />

Elijah King 11 19 10<br />

Surah Kimljerley 27 16 0<br />

Murah Kilby .' 0 2 0<br />

Lydia Kimberley 21 8 9<br />

Nathaniel Kimberley ... 2 13 0<br />

James Lyndes 4 17 0<br />

EdAvard Larkins 21 3 0<br />

Samuel Little 7 8 1<br />

Major Lines 14 8 6<br />

James Lane 9 6 10<br />

Mark LeaveiiAvorth .... 7 1 0<br />

Gad Luke 27 11 4<br />

Susannah Malion 1 0 8<br />

John Mix, Jr 9 19 0<br />

Daniel Mansfield 11 17 6<br />

Elisha Mix 25 7 4<br />

Mary Miles 2 12 0<br />

Amos Morrison 1 0 0<br />

Robert Mat<strong>the</strong>ws 8 3 0<br />

Es<strong>the</strong>r Mansfield 299 5 4<br />

Kirsted Mansfield 10 13 9<br />

James Murray 9 14 4<br />

Nathan Mansfield 3 10 0<br />

Silas Merriman 2 2 6<br />

David Mulford 7 16 6<br />

Hannah Mansfield 8 17 0<br />

Patience Mix <strong>20</strong> 19 1<br />

Phebe Miller 15 5 2<br />

David Murison 2 8 6<br />

Hannah Mix 36 4 3<br />

Dr. Timothy Mix 16 12 3<br />

Moses Mansfield 6 3 0<br />

Nathaniel Mix 10 13 0<br />

William Noyes 11 14 0<br />

Ann Piatt 10 11 3<br />

Mary and Lydia Pardy. 40 8 4<br />

William Punchard 26 13 0<br />

Ebenezer Peck 23 2 2<br />

Thomas Purderson 2 18 3<br />

Tho's Punderson, Jr... 14 15 7<br />

Mary Pease 2 2 0<br />

David Phipps 7 0 6<br />

John Pierpont 18 8 0<br />

Abigail Potter 25 9 3

16 HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

Moses Pardy<br />

£<br />

15 14 0<br />

Solomon Philips 43 10 0<br />

Lamberton Painter .... 11 12 0<br />

Elijah Painter 14 0 0<br />

Martin Patchin 31 0 6<br />

Levi Pardy 3 15 0<br />

Jonas Prentice 27 17 0<br />

Sarah Pomeroy 27 16 0<br />

James Prescott 26 3 6<br />

Philip Rexford 15 17 3<br />

Samuel Robinson 9 10 2<br />

Rachel Russell 3 18 10<br />

Zechariah Read 3 6 0<br />

James Rice 64 9 2<br />

Hannah Russell 17 17 6<br />

Martin Ray 17 15 6<br />

Hannah Sackett 5 7 6<br />

Adonijah Sherman 29 15 0<br />

John Scott 7 0 9<br />

James Sherman 7 1 0<br />

LeA-eret Stevens 3 0 0<br />

Sarah Stevens 4 11 0<br />

Elizabeth Stillman 26 15 6<br />

WidoAV Scovil 7 0 0<br />

William Sherman 23. 2 10<br />

Moses Strong 9 10 0<br />

Abigail Starr 14 1 0<br />

Benjamin Smith 3 0 0<br />

Nehemiah Smith 9 12 0<br />

George Smith <strong>20</strong> 1 0<br />

Nathan Smith 9 15 6<br />

Mary Stillwell 13 10 6<br />

Hezekiah Sabin 79 8 9<br />

Hezekiah Sabin, Jr 21 10 6<br />

Edmond Smith 4 17 1<br />

Amos Sherman 34 12 8<br />

Joseph Smith, 3d 12 8 10<br />

John Storer 55 11 0<br />

Hannah Sloper 5 0 0<br />

James Thompson 0 19 0<br />

John R. Throop .... 7 2 0<br />

Joseph Thompson 12 14 0<br />

John Townsend 16 14 o<br />

Thankful Thompson ... 23 7 8<br />

Isaac Thompson 2 16 4<br />

Abraham Tuttle 4 4 0<br />

Abraham Thompson .... 5 2 2<br />

Stephen Tuttle 5 17 3<br />

Timothy Talmadge 37 19 6<br />

Joseph TroAvbridge .... 10 1 0<br />

Ebenezer Townsend ... 9 5 0<br />

William Trowbridge ... 12 19 6<br />

John Trowbridge 7 13 8<br />

Cornelius Thayer 3 17 8<br />

Moses Thompson 6 0 0<br />

William VanDuerson ... 62 4 3<br />

Moses Ventires 31 8 0<br />

Michael Vaun 3 13 10<br />

- £<br />

Thomas Wilson 15<br />

Lois Wells 8<br />

Thomas Willmot 2<br />

Alice Wise 9<br />

John Ward 25<br />

Rev. McWilliston 21<br />

Samuel White 3<br />

John Warner 4<br />

NeAvton Whittlesey .... 33<br />

Henry York 4<br />

David Abbott 4<br />

Joseph Ailing 4<br />

James Ailing 12<br />

Samuel Ailing <strong>20</strong><br />

Ebenezer Ailing 16<br />

Lorruin Ailing 4<br />

Hezekiah Ailing 11<br />

David Atwater 3<br />

David Austin, Jr 12<br />

Abagail Andruss 2<br />

Jedediah Andruss 9<br />

Jeremiah Atwater 227<br />

Jonah Atwater 16<br />

Archibald Austin 71<br />

William Alley 9<br />

John Austin 10<br />

Stephen Austin 12<br />

Joel Atwater 1<br />

Samuel Bishop, Esq.... 13<br />

Phebe BroAvn 7<br />

Timothy Benticon, Jr.. 13<br />

Eleanor Benticon 13<br />

Stephen Brown 19<br />

Jonathan Bridglen 8<br />

Abraham Bradley, Jr. .. 6<br />

Willard Brintnall 36<br />

Lemuel Benham 12<br />

Thomas Bill 9<br />

HanoA-er Barney 11<br />

Lucy Barker 1<br />

Israel Bunnel 9<br />

Nathan Beers 13<br />

William Brintnall 16<br />

David Beecher 19<br />

David Brown 5<br />

Timothy P. Bonticon... 4<br />

Lamberton Painter .... 24<br />

Silas Kimberley 193<br />

John Beecher 25<br />

Thomas Benham 10<br />

Jotham Williams 6<br />

Andrus Smith 14<br />

William Trowbridge ... 7<br />

Anna Clinton 4<br />

ReA\ Noah Williston 27<br />

Azel Kimberley 32<br />

John Mix 37<br />

8.<br />

18<br />

18<br />

14<br />

6<br />

7<br />

8<br />

0<br />

2<br />

3<br />

4<br />

8<br />

7<br />

0<br />

10<br />

0<br />

15<br />

14<br />

12<br />

0<br />

8<br />

11<br />

11<br />

10<br />

13<br />

4<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

13<br />

0<br />

8<br />

9<br />

2<br />

15<br />

9<br />

2<br />

19<br />

16<br />

11<br />

12<br />

16<br />

0<br />

14<br />

5<br />

16<br />

4<br />

0<br />

16<br />

17<br />

10<br />

0<br />

7<br />

4<br />

8<br />

0<br />

10<br />

10<br />

d,<br />

10<br />

4<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

10<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

6<br />

8<br />

0<br />

3<br />

0<br />

6<br />

7<br />

3<br />

8<br />

8<br />

6<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

3<br />

0<br />

0<br />

2<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

7<br />

4<br />

10<br />

9<br />

6<br />

0<br />

o<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6<br />

9

HISTORY OP ERIE COl'XTY 17<br />

NEW LONDON<br />

£ s.<br />

Phillip Allen 9 15<br />

James Angcll 169 2<br />

Lydia Beebe 24 5<br />

Abigail Bill 6 11<br />

William Brooks 05 11<br />

John Barr .. j 71 11<br />

Ann Bulkley J. 493 14<br />

Samuel BroAvn 493 7<br />

Stephen. Babcock 34 9<br />

Jonali Bcebo 230 L'<br />

David Byrne 336 4<br />

John Bnriia 84 6<br />

Jeremiah Brown 124 9<br />

Hannah Heche 6 18<br />

Hannah Ilolton 32 1<br />

Walter Bcebo 9 8<br />

Percy Beer 6 17<br />

Nathan Bui ley <strong>20</strong> 3<br />

Cornelius Cunningham.. 62 14<br />

Joiinunh Culver 10 5<br />

Richard Chapman 73 1<br />

Es<strong>the</strong>r Cutler 7 0<br />

Jusejih Cheds 75 11<br />

.1HM'|:II Collins 41 (I<br />

John Critcliett 0 (j<br />

Joseph Colt ],2!l.S 18<br />

William Coit It 17<br />

.Tallies Culver s !)<br />

Jnsi'i h < 'ocks I 5<br />

Lodwirk Chaplin 1 d. £ 8.<br />

5V6 James Darrow 2 3<br />

2 Nathaniel Dickinson ... 15 1<br />

0 Timothy Durfey <strong>20</strong> 14<br />

9 Isaac Champlin 142 3<br />

0'j Clark Elliot 290 11<br />

4 John Champlin ../TV.. lot 8<br />

11% Sarah Edmunds <strong>20</strong> 2<br />

8 John Crocker .'14 13<br />

l'i Abigail Elliott 490 13<br />

6 John Jrevin 800 0<br />

7 Jacob Finch 130 8<br />

7Vi Ann Fosdick & Sons... .1,1)15 10<br />

5C. Ebenezer Godtlard 7 0<br />

9 Mary Goodl'nith 15 0<br />

10

18 HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

£ s. d.<br />

Grace Harriss 29 0 0<br />

Ebenezer Holt 15 5 1<br />

Daniel Harriss 5 (j jj<br />

Eliphalet Harriss <strong>20</strong> 12 5<br />

Daniel Holt :',2 2 0<br />

Jonathan Holt 35 13 0<br />

Ann Hancock 140 ;; 0<br />

Titus Hurlburt 1,901 3 0<br />

Stephen Hempstead 70 6 1<br />

Moses Jeffrey 30 3 0<br />

Lydia Johnson 21 15 0<br />

Robert Kennedy 350 0 0<br />

Mary Lewis 5 12 0<br />

Christopher Leffingwell. 25 0 0<br />

James Lamphier 23,1 9 0<br />

Lydia Lattimer 27 8 0<br />

James Lamphier, Jr 42 0 7<br />

Pickett Lattimer 505 7 g<br />

Samuel Lattimer !)10 19 5<br />

Amos Lester ]2 11 9<br />

Ebenezer Lester 8 12 0<br />

John Lester ;J,J 19 7<br />

Edgcomb Leo 48 4 7<br />

Diodate Little <strong>20</strong>7 5 0<br />

Samuel Lattimer 24 7 0<br />

Mi"hael Love 23 0 0<br />

Richard Lattimer <strong>20</strong> 19 8<br />

Rasman Lawrence 54 0 0<br />

Peter Lattimer 317 1 0<br />

John Lathrop 1 n 9<br />

Amasa Lamed ]8 1 0<br />

Jeremiah Miller 2,535 18 10<br />

James McEver's heirs.. 600 0 0<br />

James Mat<strong>the</strong>ws s 29 19 2<br />

Robert Mamvaring .... 21 8 8<br />

James Miller 93 8 6<br />

John Morriss ...... 29 16 0<br />

Giles Mumford 44 0 0<br />

James Minor 7 10 7<br />

Lawrence Marting 55 18 0<br />

Ephraim Minor 348 17 4<br />

Lydia Green 12 16 0<br />

Antony Mitchell 23 11 6<br />

David Mumford 318 5 9<br />

Isaac Moseley 500 0 0<br />

David Manwaring 51 3 0<br />

Lewis Minor 71 7 4<br />

Thomas Jones 40 4 10<br />

Elizabeth Newcomb ... 12 0 0<br />

George Newcomb 238 1 9<br />

Widow Nelson 63 10 0<br />

Mary Newburg 14 5 Q<br />

Nathaniel OA-erton 27 9 0<br />

Isaac OliA-er 40 7 3<br />

Owen Neal 91 14 $<br />

Joseph Owen 75 is 6<br />

Richard Potter 382 2 3<br />

£<br />

Christopher Prince 512<br />

Abigail Potter 573<br />

Zmiuh Preston 21<br />

Joseph Plumb 24<br />

Green Plumb 43<br />

Ichabod Powers, Jr 1S8<br />

Andrew Palmer 105<br />

Widow Finer 48<br />

Simeon Peck 19<br />

James Parker 21<br />

Sarah Pool 4<br />

Joshua Powcis ........ 4<br />

AVilliam I'ackwood 12<br />

It'hubod Powers 02IJ<br />

John Feuwert 223<br />

John Potter S3<br />

Joseph PackAVood 817<br />

Joshua Potter S<br />

John Prentice 3<br />

Elizabeth Plumb .. 197<br />

James Pittmun 145<br />

Stephen Rougett 37<br />

Mary Rogers S<br />

Patrick Robinson 3<br />

Ann Richards 224<br />

James Rogers 455<br />

Guy Richards and Son.. 811<br />

Mary Richards 258<br />

Benjamin Rogers 9<br />

Jabez Richards.' 4<br />

Solomon Rogers 101<br />

Amos Rogers 31<br />

Samuel Robert* 94<br />

George Rogers 14<br />

David Richards 1<br />

James Rogers 1<br />

Harriss Rogers 128<br />

Peter Rogers 16<br />

William Rogers 18<br />

Peter Rogers, Jr 1<br />

Peter Robinson 81<br />

John Rogers 31<br />

David Roberts' 17<br />

William Rogers 4<br />

James Peiiniman 137<br />

Daniel Stale 27<br />

Gurdon Saltanstall, Esq. 1,440<br />

Thomas Smith 11<br />

William Skinner 15<br />

Seth Sears 13<br />

Jonathan and I. Starr.. 53<br />

Bathsheba Skinner 180<br />

Bathsheba Smith 465<br />

Eliza Shapely 382<br />

Adam Shapely <strong>20</strong><br />

Lydia Spinck 9<br />

Ann Squire 7<br />

4<br />

4<br />

13<br />

10<br />

19<br />

10<br />

10<br />

0<br />

10<br />

19<br />

19<br />

17<br />

0<br />

S<br />

8<br />

13<br />

5<br />

14<br />

10<br />

19<br />

S<br />

0<br />

13<br />

0<br />

15<br />

10<br />

8<br />

17<br />

19<br />

4<br />

4<br />

1<br />

6<br />

14<br />

4<br />

Hi<br />

13<br />

2<br />

3<br />

12<br />

12<br />

8<br />

16<br />

19<br />

10<br />

14<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

19<br />

0<br />

3<br />

11<br />

0<br />

0<br />

3<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

3<br />

4<br />

5<br />

0<br />

0<br />

4<br />

1<br />

0<br />

0<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

0<br />

5<br />

0<br />

3<br />

8<br />

10<br />

0<br />

9<br />

0<br />

10<br />

4<br />

0<br />

9<br />

0<br />

10<br />

0<br />

0<br />

7<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

11<br />

7<br />

3<br />

0 0<br />

14 10<br />

5 0<br />

17 16<br />

13 9<br />

10 0

Nathaniel and Thomas<br />

Shaw 2,834 5 0<br />

John Shepherd 76 14 0<br />

Robert Smith 24 18 0<br />

Starr & Tallman 150 0 0<br />

John Springer 17 19 0<br />

Ann Sinmionds 13 IS 0<br />

Peter Perry 9 18 0<br />

John Coster 14 9 0<br />

Widow Dorsett 2 0 0<br />

Judas 1'. Spooner 21 12 II<br />

Rjchard Stroud 23 15 0<br />

James Smith 4 7 8<br />

Jane Stewart 13 IS 0<br />

Lucy Starr 5 9 8<br />

William Stark 17 9 10<br />

Sarah Mitchell 50 10 0<br />

John Spencer 5S 8<br />

Joshua Starr 1,250 11<br />

Roswell Saltonstall 800 0<br />

Winthrop Saltonstall .. . 1,181 10<br />

Nathaniel Throp 3 13<br />

Bethinh Tallman 03 5<br />

Daniel Tinker 22 17<br />

James Tilley 1,533 10<br />

John Tilley 0 12<br />

Mary Taylor 25 15 10<br />

Daniel Truman 0 0 0<br />

Samuel Olmstead<br />

74. 18<br />

Ebenezer Olmstead 5 1<br />

Thaddeus RockAA'ell <strong>20</strong> 18<br />

Samuel Olmstead, 3d. .. 23 10<br />

Philip Bi Bradley, Esq.. <strong>20</strong> 9<br />

Lydia Gilbert<br />

34 10<br />

Timothy Keeler, 2d 51 9<br />

Gamaliel Northrop 87 13<br />

Benjamin Northrop 159 7<br />

Daniel Smith<br />

183 4<br />

John Northrop<br />

142 17<br />

Thomas Seymour 65 16<br />

Hannah Seymour 18 7<br />

Sarah Morehouse 109 6<br />

David Olmstead<br />

36 2<br />

Joseph Stebbins<br />

19 16<br />

Daniel Smith, 3d 30 19<br />

James Sturges<br />

10 11<br />

John Douchey<br />

11 4<br />

George Folcott<br />

12 17<br />

Daniel Smith, 2d<br />

2 13<br />

Ebenezer Jones<br />

5 4<br />

Bartlett Folcott<br />

5 10<br />

Ebenezer Stebbins 1 19<br />

Jesse Benedict<br />

11 10<br />

John Abbott<br />

4 2<br />

HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY 19<br />

RIDGEFIELD<br />

9<br />

4<br />

0<br />

7<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

7<br />

6<br />

6<br />

5<br />

6<br />

3<br />

9<br />

0<br />

0<br />

10<br />

8<br />

0<br />

4<br />

4<br />

8<br />

10<br />

8<br />

2<br />

8<br />

Edward Tinker<br />

John Welch<br />

Walter Welch<br />

Ebenezer Way<br />

John Ward<br />

Lucretia Wolfe<br />

Anthony Wolfe<br />

bimon VVolcott<br />

Elizabeth Westcott<br />

James Voung<br />

Temperance Moore<br />

Samuel Belden<br />

Joanna Short<br />

James Thompson<br />

Michael Melally<br />

.lohn Way<br />

Thomas BoAvhay<br />

Joshua Hempstead<br />

Nathaniel Saltonstall...<br />

John Thompson<br />

Spere Douglass<br />

Chapman Simmons<br />

Elizabeth Beebe<br />

John Hnllam and Benja<br />

min Harriss<br />

Mary Ward<br />

Stephen Culver<br />

Mahitabil Leet<br />

£<br />

25<br />

40<br />

59<br />

15<br />

17<br />

4<br />

4<br />

1,083<br />

87<br />

13<br />

24<br />

1,771<br />

270<br />

350<br />

94<br />

590<br />

49<br />

02<br />

140<br />

59<br />

8'<br />

22<br />

16<br />

300<br />

.28<br />

3<br />

124<br />

Bartholomew Weed .... 3<br />

Hope Rhodes 7<br />

Stephen Smith 8<br />

Martha Keeler 2<br />

John Watrous 3<br />

David Perry 3<br />

James Scott .,. 2<br />

Philip Dauchey 3<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Keeler 6<br />

John Smith 13<br />

Samuel Smith 18<br />

Benjamin Smith 4<br />

Jeremiah Burehard .... 0<br />

Samuel Camp 38<br />

Isaac Keeler 194<br />

Lemuel Abbott 5<br />

James Northrop 53<br />

Abraham Rockwell 10<br />

John Keeler<br />

Timothy Benedict .<br />

Ichabod Doolittle .<br />

Jemima Keeler<br />

David Rockwell<br />

Samuel Keeler<br />

Ebenezer Sherwood<br />

23<br />

6<br />

5<br />

4<br />

8<br />

4<br />

5<br />

Stephen Norrice 3<br />

s.<br />

15<br />

10<br />

19<br />

10<br />

5<br />

16<br />

14<br />

9<br />

6<br />

o<br />

3<br />

15<br />

14<br />

0<br />

4<br />

15<br />

9<br />

16<br />

15<br />

18<br />

6<br />

d.<br />

9<br />

0<br />

0<br />

1<br />

4<br />

0<br />

0<br />

1<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

7<br />

7<br />

3 11<br />

17 1<br />

0 0<br />

0 0<br />

10 0<br />

0 0<br />

13<br />

10<br />

5<br />

o<br />

12<br />

2<br />

12<br />

8<br />

16<br />

7<br />

15<br />

14<br />

12<br />

17 10<br />

0 0<br />

16 0<br />

17 4<br />

4 4<br />

0 4<br />

18 6<br />

15 4<br />

13 0<br />

4 6<br />

13 0<br />

13 4<br />

0 0

<strong>20</strong> HISTORY OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

£<br />

Daniel Cooley 1<br />

Mary Hays 3<br />

Abijah Rockwell 3<br />

Abijah Smith 16<br />

Jonah Foster 10<br />

Sarah Silsby 2<br />

Elihu Deforest 2<br />

Price Northrop 4<br />

Nathan Foster 0<br />

Amos Avery 12<br />

Prudence Avery 270<br />

Thankful Avery <strong>20</strong>3<br />

Rufus Avery 132<br />

Lydia Avery ...' 103<br />

Ebenezer Avery 30<br />

l'hebo AA'ery 2<br />

Peter Avery 4<br />

George Avery 8<br />

Hannah Avery 15<br />

Elizabeth Avory 2<br />

Benjamin Avery 3<br />

Caleb Avery 7<br />

Ezckiol Bailey 2<br />

Stephen Hillings 74<br />

James Dailey 2<br />

Samuel Chester 10<br />

Eldridge < 'hestor 0<br />

Jedediiih Chester 21<br />

Benjamin Chester 442<br />

Benjamin Chester, as Executor<br />

300<br />

Charles Chester ........ 0<br />

Thomas Chester 0<br />

Daniel Chester <strong>20</strong><br />

Es<strong>the</strong>r Conklin 39<br />

Simeon Chester 8<br />

Nathan Darrow 9<br />

Mary Dodge 14<br />

Chas. Eldridge, Jr 775<br />

Daniel Eldridge 4<br />

Sergeant Daniel Eldridge 1<br />

Thomas Griffin 3<br />

Robert Gallup 14<br />

John Hicks 7<br />

Jonathan Havens 11<br />

Ruth Holliday 43<br />

Edward Jeffrey 158<br />

Alexander Kydd 9<br />

Thomas Mumford, Esq. 004<br />

Elizabeth Moore 62<br />

Henry Mason 27<br />

Nancy Moore 30<br />

Predence Minor 17<br />

Rebecca Minor 1<br />

Elisha Morgan 7<br />

s.<br />

18<br />

10<br />

5<br />

14<br />

3<br />

13<br />

0<br />

4<br />

10<br />

d.<br />

8<br />

0<br />

2<br />

0<br />

10<br />

8<br />

0<br />

0<br />

8<br />

GROTON<br />

£ s. d.<br />

Mary Gray 1 6 8<br />

David Rockwell, 2d 3 2 10<br />

Abner Wilson 9 0 0<br />

Samuel Keeler, 2d 1 7 8<br />

N. B.—The sums advanced to <strong>the</strong> Town<br />

<strong>of</strong> Ridgefield by grants <strong>of</strong> General Assembly<br />

are deducted from each man's respective<br />

sum and <strong>the</strong> neat balance ascertained.<br />

2 2 Joshua and Isaac Morgan 4<br />

14 8 Mary Moore 10<br />

10 8 Frederick Moore <strong>20</strong>9<br />

]8 4 Shorain (negro) 6<br />

5 0 Ebenezer Ledyard, Esq.1,151<br />

4 0 John Latham 94<br />

2 0 Bridgett Ledyard 397<br />

13 0 Youngs Ledyard, Dec'd. 75<br />

S 2 William Leeds 300<br />

0 0 Benjamin and Caleb Lcd-<br />

0 0 yard <strong>20</strong>0<br />

II) (I Anne Ledyard 142<br />

0 0 Anne Leeds 57<br />

19 5 Henajah Lester 0<br />

0 7 Capt. Edw'il Latham... 4<br />

10 0 Thomas D. Lavis 0<br />

0 0 Widow A. Latham 30<br />

11 0 Capt. William Latham.. 45<br />

13 2 Lydia Latham 92<br />

3 0 .Mary Lntllani 4<br />

Jonathan Latham .'!<br />

15 0 Elizabeth Latham 15<br />

19 0 Amos Prentice, Esq.... 500<br />

15 5 Elisha Prior 34<br />

18 0 Abigail Palmer 0<br />

1 6 Alexander Reed 00<br />

15 0 Thomas Starr 1<br />

1 1 Nathan Seabury 3<br />

6 0 Thankful Stanton 0<br />

6 7 Jabez Sholes 0<br />

14 0 Nathan Sholes 0<br />

1 9 John Starr 0<br />

8 0 Sarah Stedman ....... 0<br />

8 0 Lucretia Sholes 4<br />

8 0 James Smith 0<br />

9 0 Experience Ward 2<br />

11 3 Eunice Williams 15<br />

5 4 Samuel WalsAvorth 10<br />

5 11 Christopher Woodbridge. 1<br />

10 0 Peter Williams 27<br />

10 9 Benjamin Vose 0<br />

18 0 Ezekial Yenington 2<br />

10 2 Elizabeth Seabury L77<br />

19 10 John Brown 29<br />

6 11 Daniel Williams 7<br />

13 0 Elisha Avery 10<br />

10<br />

15<br />

2<br />

9<br />

3<br />

18<br />

14<br />

0<br />

7<br />

0<br />

7<br />

15<br />

*><br />

8<br />

13<br />

J!)<br />

><br />

4<br />

II<br />

4<br />

12<br />

1<br />

12<br />

19<br />

18<br />

1<br />

18<br />

8<br />

9<br />

15<br />

19<br />

14<br />

9<br />

2<br />

19<br />

9<br />

11<br />

3<br />

7<br />

8<br />

7<br />

11<br />

5<br />

13<br />

14"<br />

0<br />

6<br />

0<br />

0<br />

4<br />

9<br />

5<br />

0<br />

8<br />

0<br />

10<br />

i»<br />

7<br />

7<br />

10<br />

0<br />

o<br />

0<br />

0<br />

8<br />

0<br />

0<br />

11<br />

i<br />

1<br />

0<br />

0<br />

9<br />

9<br />

3<br />

0<br />

2<br />

0<br />

0<br />

5<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6<br />

6<br />

6<br />

0<br />

8<br />

0<br />

5

CHAPTER II<br />

GEOLOGY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Volume 2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ohio describes Erie County as<br />

follows:<br />

The most interesting features in <strong>the</strong> geology <strong>of</strong> Erie County are <strong>the</strong><br />

splendid series <strong>of</strong> glacial markings inscribed on <strong>the</strong> corniferous limestone<br />

in and about Sandusky City, <strong>the</strong> lake ridges which traverse <strong>the</strong><br />

county from east to Avest, and <strong>the</strong> remarkable petrifying fountains, knoAvn<br />

as <strong>the</strong> Castalia Springs. In its topography, Erie County is Avithout any<br />

strongly marked features. The surface, to <strong>the</strong> eye, seems nearly level;<br />

while, in fact, it forms a gentle slope from <strong>the</strong> south line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county,<br />

where it has an elevation <strong>of</strong> 150 feet above <strong>the</strong> lake to <strong>the</strong> lake level.<br />

This monotony <strong>of</strong> surface has been produced by <strong>the</strong> planing action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

great glacier that excavated <strong>the</strong> basin <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie; not only that basin<br />

Avhich IIOAV holds <strong>the</strong> water, but <strong>the</strong> greater one <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>'sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

boundary is <strong>the</strong> water shed betAveen <strong>the</strong> lake and <strong>the</strong> Ohio. Eric County,<br />

<strong>the</strong>refore, lies near <strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> this greater basin, and <strong>the</strong> great ice<br />

mass filled it, moving from <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast to <strong>the</strong> southwest, ground doAvn<br />

<strong>the</strong> underlying rocks to a nearly uniform surface. The outines <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

lake shore have been apparently determined by <strong>the</strong> same great cause.<br />

The general bearing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> south shore <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie is essentially <strong>the</strong><br />

same from near Buffalo to <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron River. There <strong>the</strong> coast<br />

line forms a large angle AA'ith its former course, and stretches, with only<br />

local variations, directly from Huron to <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Maumee. By a<br />

glance at <strong>the</strong> map, liOAA'cver, it will be seen that <strong>the</strong> west end <strong>of</strong> Lake<br />

Erie is blocked up with islands, and that a series <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se islands stretches<br />

northward from Sandusky and forms a barrier which must have <strong>of</strong>fered<br />

serious opposition to <strong>the</strong> westward movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glacier. The effect <strong>of</strong><br />

this ridge thrown across <strong>the</strong> lake basin and struck obliquely by <strong>the</strong> moving<br />

mass <strong>of</strong> ice, was to deflect that slightly to <strong>the</strong> south; and to cause it<br />

to cut <strong>the</strong> deep notch in <strong>the</strong> lake shore at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron. The<br />

excavation <strong>of</strong> this point was also facilitated by <strong>the</strong> comparative s<strong>of</strong>tness<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron shale which underlies this portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

The drift deposits which overlie <strong>the</strong> glaciated surface in most parts<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state have been removed from <strong>the</strong> greater part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county. The<br />

boAA'lder clay is, hoAvever, found covering <strong>the</strong> rock surface in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county. This is, as usual, a blue, or Avhere exposed and its<br />

iron oxidized, reddish-yelloAV, unstratified clay, thickly set with angular<br />

fragments <strong>of</strong> shale taken from <strong>the</strong> lake basin. "With <strong>the</strong>se are more or<br />

feAA'er, generally small, boAvlders, usuallv ground and striated, derived from<br />

2^

22<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>the</strong> crystalline rocks north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lakes. In this part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county are<br />

also found beds <strong>of</strong> sand and <strong>the</strong> lake ridges which rest upon <strong>the</strong> boAvlder<br />

clay. These latter deposits are evidently <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> shore Avaves, and<br />

are in fact old beaches formed when <strong>the</strong> lake stood much higher than it<br />

now does. A good illustration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mode <strong>of</strong> deposition <strong>of</strong> such sand<br />

banks and ridges is seen on <strong>the</strong> lake shore betAveen Cedar Point and<br />

Huron. Here <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> Sandusky bay is partially closed by a ridge<br />

throAvn up by <strong>the</strong> waves which Avill ultimately dike oiit <strong>the</strong> lake from and<br />

reclaim a large area formerly covered by navigable water. BetAveen <strong>the</strong><br />

ridges and sand hills which stretch east and west, north <strong>of</strong> Prout's Station,<br />

is a surface, level to <strong>the</strong> eye, formed by a fine black soil which covers<br />

<strong>the</strong> limestone here, presenting a remarkably level surface and nowhere<br />

deeply buried. This district Avas originally prairie, with islands <strong>of</strong> timber,<br />

and has proved <strong>the</strong> most fertile and productive portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

We have here a broad surface <strong>of</strong> lime stone planed down nearly as<br />

level as a house floor. This was doubtless once covered with drift clay,<br />

but has been removed by <strong>the</strong> waves <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake when <strong>the</strong>y sAvept over it.<br />

Subsequently, when <strong>the</strong> Avater <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake had been withdrawn, this tract<br />

was left in a condition similar to that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> upper end <strong>of</strong> Sandusky<br />

Bay, or to that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> space behind <strong>the</strong> barrier east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, viz.:<br />

covered with shallow, quiet water, which Avas gradually replaced by a<br />

fine sediment, mixed with <strong>the</strong> remains <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> luxuriant vegetation that<br />

grew <strong>the</strong>re. The result was a sheet <strong>of</strong> remarkably fine, rich soil, having<br />

all <strong>the</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prairie soils <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> west, and, like <strong>the</strong>m,<br />

covered with a groAvth <strong>of</strong> grass ra<strong>the</strong>r than trees. In future ages, Avhen<br />

Lake Erie shall be fur<strong>the</strong>r drained, what is IIOAV Sandusky Hay Avill<br />

undoubtedly present nearly <strong>the</strong> same appearance as <strong>the</strong> district under<br />

consideration.<br />

CASTALIA SPRINGS<br />

The phenomena presented by Castalia Springs have excited considerable<br />

curiosity and interest, both on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> residents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

county and <strong>of</strong> visitors from o<strong>the</strong>r states, and deserve a feAV Avords <strong>of</strong><br />

description and explanation. As is knoAvn to most persons <strong>of</strong> Castalia<br />

a volume <strong>of</strong> water Avhich forms quite a river, AOAVS up from several deep<br />

orifices in <strong>the</strong> lime-stone rock, and supplies in its descent to <strong>the</strong> lake<br />

<strong>the</strong> motive power for several mills. The water maintains nearly <strong>the</strong> same<br />

temperature winter and summer, and its AOAV is more uniform than that<br />

pf surface streams in <strong>the</strong> vicinity, though sensibly affected by periods<br />

<strong>of</strong> unusual and wide-spread drought. The Avater <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> springs is highly<br />

charged Avith lime, rapidly inerusting any object covered by it, and it<br />

has deposited a sheet <strong>of</strong> travertine over an area <strong>of</strong> several square miles<br />

in <strong>the</strong> vicinity. The rock in which <strong>the</strong> subterranean channels are excavated,<br />

through which <strong>the</strong> waters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> springs flow, is <strong>the</strong> Avater lime,<br />

<strong>the</strong> uppermost members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Silurian system. This is magnesian limestone,<br />

in fact, a typical dolomite, containing about 42 per cent<br />

magnesia and 55 <strong>of</strong> carbonate <strong>of</strong> lime. This rock forms on <strong>the</strong><br />

surface an unbroken sheet, reaching from Castalia to Logan County, <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 23<br />

highest land in <strong>the</strong> state. The true <strong>the</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

springs is simply this: The Helderberg limestone, like many o<strong>the</strong>rs, is<br />

soluble in atmospheric water containing carbonic acid. It forms <strong>the</strong><br />

slope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> watershed, and <strong>the</strong> drainage through it has dissolved out<br />

a connecting system <strong>of</strong> channels which are really subterranean rivers.<br />

Castalia Springs are formed at <strong>the</strong> mouths <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se. Similar<br />

springs and underground streams are met with in all limestone countries.<br />

The table land <strong>of</strong> Central Kentucky affords innumerable examples <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>m. This plateau is underlain by a thick mass <strong>of</strong> unusually soluble<br />

limestone. The surface water dissolves it away so easily that it dissolves<br />

every crack it penetrates, and has formed a connected system <strong>of</strong> underground<br />

channels by which all <strong>the</strong> drainage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country is effected.<br />

The celebrated Mammoth Cave is only one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se channels. Along<br />

<strong>the</strong> margin <strong>of</strong> this plateau <strong>the</strong>re are a great number <strong>of</strong> fountains like<br />

Castalia Springs, which mark <strong>the</strong> mouths <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subterranean streams<br />

that have been described. Such fountains are also common in o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

countries, and <strong>the</strong> classical Clitumnus bursts out at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> a limestone<br />

mountain, forming a fountain precisely like that <strong>of</strong> Castalia.<br />

GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE<br />

This section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rocks underlying Erie County is, in descending<br />

order as folloAVS:<br />

First, Berea grit 60 feet<br />

Second, Bedford shale 75 feet<br />

Third, Cleveland shale 50 to 60 feet<br />

Fourth, Erie shale 50 ( ?) feet<br />

Fifth, Huron shale 300 feet<br />

Sixth, Hamilton limestone <strong>20</strong> feet<br />

Seventh, Corniferous limestone 100 ( ?) feet<br />

Eighth, Oriskany limestone 0-5 feet<br />

Ninth, Water lime group 100 ( ?) feet<br />

Tenth, Onongada salt group 30 to 40 feet<br />

In <strong>the</strong> oil well, bored at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vermillion River, <strong>the</strong><br />

Niagara limestone, <strong>the</strong> Clinton group, and Medina sandstone were penetrated,<br />

but <strong>the</strong>y nowhere come to <strong>the</strong> surface, within <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

county. Of <strong>the</strong> foregoing strata, <strong>the</strong> first, <strong>the</strong> sandstone quarried at<br />

Amherst and Brownhelm, <strong>the</strong> outcrop crosses <strong>the</strong> east line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county,<br />

Avithin less than a half mile <strong>of</strong> lake shore; <strong>the</strong>nce it SAveeps round to <strong>the</strong><br />

south and west, passing through Berlinville, and a little east <strong>of</strong> NorAvalk,<br />

in Huron County. Within <strong>the</strong> area lying south and east <strong>of</strong> this line, <strong>the</strong><br />

Berea grit underlies most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface, but it is very generally covered<br />

by <strong>the</strong> drift materials; and it is only Avhere its more compact and massive<br />

portions have resisted <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> erosive agents, and <strong>the</strong>se have been<br />

left in relief, that it projects above <strong>the</strong> surface. The hills in which <strong>the</strong><br />

Amherst and BroAvnhelm quarries are located, and <strong>the</strong> elevation knoAvn<br />

as Berlin Heights, are all masses <strong>of</strong> this character. They were once bluffs<br />

upon <strong>the</strong> shore <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake, and everyAvhere shoAV marks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong>

24 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

water and ice. Along <strong>the</strong> outcrop <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Berea grit, its s<strong>of</strong>ter portions<br />

have undoubtedly been most extensively eroded, and are now deeply<br />

covered by drift deposits, so that probably little <strong>of</strong> this portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

area it occupies will furnish valuable quarries <strong>of</strong> building stone; but as<br />

<strong>the</strong> surface rises, and <strong>the</strong> rocks dip toward <strong>the</strong> south and east, it soon<br />

passes beloAV <strong>the</strong> surface, and <strong>the</strong>re is every probability that within <strong>the</strong><br />

townships <strong>of</strong> Berlin, Florence, and Vermillion, <strong>the</strong> Berea grit will hereafter<br />

be quarried in many localities, precisely as it noAV is at Berea.<br />

BEDFORD SHALE<br />

BCIOAV <strong>the</strong> Berea sandstone is a bed <strong>of</strong> shale, forty to sixty feet in<br />

thickness, which is sometimes blue, or banded in color, but more generally<br />

red. This red shale is conspicuously shown in <strong>the</strong> Valley <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vermillion,<br />

and Is exposed at many places in this section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, immediately<br />

underlying <strong>the</strong> Berea sandstone. It may, <strong>the</strong>refore, serve as an<br />

important guide to those who arc seeking for <strong>the</strong> excellent quarry stone<br />

furnished by that formation.<br />

Nei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> Berea sandstone, nor <strong>the</strong> red shale, have, in Eric Comity,<br />

furnished any fossils; but at Elyria, Lorain County, a large number <strong>of</strong><br />

remains <strong>of</strong> mollusks and fishes have been taken from <strong>the</strong>se strata.<br />

CLEVELAND SHALE<br />

Under <strong>the</strong> red shale in <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vermillion, occurs a black,<br />

bituminous shale, sixty or more feet in thickness. This is a constant<br />

member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Waverly or loAA'er carboniferous group, and forms <strong>the</strong> base<br />

<strong>of</strong> that series. It is unusually well exposed in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> Cleveland,<br />

and I have <strong>the</strong>refore called it, for convenience sake, "Cleveland shale."<br />

In its lithological character, this shale is hardly to lie distinguished from<br />

<strong>the</strong> great black shale (<strong>the</strong> Huron shale), which is a member <strong>of</strong> (lie<br />

Devonian system, and which here lies only a little below. Fur<strong>the</strong>r cast,<br />

hoAvever, <strong>the</strong>y are separated by an interval <strong>of</strong> several hundred feet, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> fossils which <strong>the</strong>y contain are widely different. In <strong>the</strong> Cleveland<br />

shale are bones, scales, and spines <strong>of</strong> fishes <strong>of</strong> small size, and <strong>of</strong> carboniferous<br />

types. In <strong>the</strong> Huron shale, on <strong>the</strong> contrary, we find <strong>the</strong><br />

remains <strong>of</strong> fishes <strong>of</strong> enormous size, <strong>of</strong> most peculiar structure, and such<br />

as clearly belong to <strong>the</strong> old red sandstone fauna, so fully described by<br />

Hugh Miller.<br />

ERIE SHALE<br />

The lake from <strong>the</strong> Pennsylvania line to Erie County is, for <strong>the</strong> most<br />

part, formed by a series <strong>of</strong> green and blue shales, which represent <strong>the</strong><br />

Chemung and Portage rocks <strong>of</strong> New York, and belong to <strong>the</strong> Devonian<br />

formation. These shales thin out rapidly westward, and seem to he<br />

recognizable beyond <strong>the</strong> point under consideration. In <strong>the</strong> Valley <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Cuyahoga <strong>the</strong>y are exposed to <strong>the</strong> depth <strong>of</strong> 140 feet, and have <strong>the</strong>re<br />

yielded <strong>the</strong> most characteristic fossils <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chemung.'

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 25<br />

The upper layers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron shale are interstratified with <strong>the</strong> lower<br />

ones <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie in <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>astern portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, as we learn by<br />

borings made at Cleveland and fur<strong>the</strong>r east. Some traces <strong>of</strong> this interlocking<br />

may be seen at Monroeville, where <strong>the</strong> well sunk at <strong>the</strong> railroad<br />

station cuts some blue as well as back shales. South <strong>of</strong> this point,<br />

hoAvever, <strong>the</strong> Erie shale has not been recognized, and it probably reaches<br />

but a little Avay back from <strong>the</strong> lake shore'.'<br />

HURON SHALE<br />

This is <strong>the</strong> name Ave have given to <strong>the</strong> great mass <strong>of</strong> black shale designated<br />

by <strong>the</strong> first geological board as "<strong>the</strong> black slate," and <strong>of</strong> which<br />

<strong>the</strong> outcrop forms a belt which extends entirely across <strong>the</strong> state, from<br />

Erie to Scioto County. This is <strong>the</strong> shale which forms <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Huron River at Monroeville and beloAV. It is not here a homogeneous<br />

black shale, as <strong>the</strong>re are some gray, argillaceous layers interstratified with<br />

<strong>the</strong> more carbonaceous portions. The greater part <strong>of</strong> it is, hoAvever, black,<br />

and highly bituminous, containing 10 per cent or more <strong>of</strong> combustible<br />

matter. From this bitumen, by slow spontaneous distillation, petroleum<br />

is evolved, and flows out in oil springs at a great number <strong>of</strong> localities.<br />

The process <strong>of</strong> distillation also gives rise to <strong>the</strong> gaseous hydrocarbons,<br />

and gas springs are even more abundant than oil springs over <strong>the</strong> outcrop<br />

<strong>of</strong> this formation.<br />

The Huron shale in some places contains many concretions <strong>of</strong> impure<br />

limestone, <strong>of</strong> which hundreds may be seen at Monroeville, Avhere <strong>the</strong>y<br />

have been Avashed out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river banks. These concretions are sometimes<br />

almost absolutely spherical; and because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir geometric regularity,<br />

<strong>the</strong>y haA'e been collected as objects <strong>of</strong> curiosity by <strong>the</strong> inhabitants<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vicinity, <strong>of</strong>ten serving as ornamental caps to gates, posts, etc.<br />

Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se concretions contain <strong>the</strong> bones or leeth <strong>of</strong> huge fishes, first<br />

discovered in <strong>the</strong> same formation at Delaware by Ilertzer, and from its<br />

formidable character, called Dinichthys (terrible fish).<br />

TAA'O species <strong>of</strong> this fish have been found in Ohio—one at DelaAvare.<br />

near <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron shale, and named after ils discoverer,<br />

Dinichthys Ilertzeri; <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r from <strong>the</strong> summit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> formation in<br />

Sheffield, Lorain County, and this I have named Dinichthys Terrilli, to<br />

commemorate <strong>the</strong> service rendered to science by Mr. Jay Terrell, to whose<br />

zeal and intelligence Ave OAA'C all <strong>the</strong> best specimens yet obtained. Both<br />

<strong>the</strong>se remarkable fishes will be found described in <strong>the</strong> paleontological<br />

portion <strong>of</strong> this report. Numerous fragments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great bones <strong>of</strong><br />

Dinichthys have been broken out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> concretions which have fallen<br />

from <strong>the</strong> shale banks <strong>of</strong> Huron River, but <strong>the</strong> specimens yet obtained<br />

from <strong>the</strong>se are too imperfect to SIIOAV to AA'hich species <strong>the</strong>y belong. Little<br />

effort has been made to collect at this point, and it is probable that<br />

careful search would be revA-arded by <strong>the</strong> discovery <strong>of</strong> some specimens<br />

<strong>of</strong> great interest.<br />

As nearly as we can determine, <strong>the</strong> thickness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron shale in<br />

this part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state is about 300 feet.

26 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

HAMILTON GROUP<br />

At Prout's Station and Deep Cut, on <strong>the</strong> Sandusky, Mansfield &<br />

NeAvark Railroad, <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron shale is exposed, and beneath<br />

it are seen layers <strong>of</strong> light, cherty, and bluish, marly limestone, which are<br />

<strong>the</strong> representatives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hamilton group <strong>of</strong> New York. Here <strong>the</strong><br />

formation has become significant in dimensions, compared with what it<br />

is fur<strong>the</strong>r east; Avhere it is not more than tAventy feet in thickness, while<br />

in Central NeAV York <strong>the</strong> Hamilton, group is 1,<strong>20</strong>0 feet thick. There is<br />

no mistaking <strong>the</strong> equivalence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se strata, hoAvever, for <strong>the</strong>y are full <strong>of</strong><br />

fossils. At Prout's Station <strong>the</strong> folloAving species are found, viz.:<br />

Spirifera mucronata, Cyrtia Hamiltonensis, Straphodonta Ilalli,<br />

Phacops bufo, etc., <strong>the</strong> most

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 27<br />

lower corniferous limestone; and those <strong>of</strong> Sandusky and Delaware from<br />

<strong>the</strong> upper member, or Sandusky limestone.<br />

Of Macropetalichthys, <strong>the</strong> only portion yet found is <strong>the</strong> cranium.<br />

This is composed <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> geometrical plates <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> external<br />

surface is beautifully tubercled. It is known to most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

quarrymen, and by <strong>the</strong>m it is generally regarded as <strong>the</strong> carapace <strong>of</strong><br />

turtle. It is, hoAvever, in fact, <strong>the</strong> cranium <strong>of</strong> a large fish, as anyone<br />

will plainly see AVIIO will take <strong>the</strong> trouble to compare AA'ith it <strong>the</strong> cranium<br />

<strong>of</strong> our common sturgeon.<br />

Onychodus Avas an equally large fish, <strong>of</strong> Avhich <strong>the</strong> cranial bones Avere<br />

much more numerous and easily separated, so that <strong>the</strong>y are generally<br />

found detached and scattered through <strong>the</strong> rock. The jaws <strong>of</strong> this fish<br />

are not unfrequently met with. They are a foot or more in length, and<br />

are studded AA'ith teeth along <strong>the</strong> upper margin. The most singular feature<br />

in <strong>the</strong> structure <strong>of</strong> this fish is formed by a crest <strong>of</strong> seven large,<br />

curved, pointed teeth, which, attached to an arch bone, were inserted<br />

between <strong>the</strong> extremities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> under jaAV, apparently acting like <strong>the</strong><br />

proAv <strong>of</strong> a ram.<br />

ORISKANY SANDSTONE<br />

Beneath <strong>the</strong> corniferous limestone on <strong>the</strong> peninsula, and near Castalia,<br />

a thin band <strong>of</strong> limestone is visible. This holds <strong>the</strong> position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

, Oriskany sandstone in Ntnv York, and though it has here yielded no<br />

Oriskany fossils, <strong>the</strong>y are said to have been obtained from it in Indiana;<br />

and <strong>the</strong>re is little doubt, <strong>the</strong>refore, that it should be regarded as <strong>the</strong><br />

equivalent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Oriskany sandstone.<br />

WATER LIME<br />

The upper portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Silurian system is, in Ohio, represented by<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avater lime and Salina formations. Of <strong>the</strong>se, <strong>the</strong> Avater lime is <strong>the</strong><br />

uppermost and by far <strong>the</strong> most conspicuous. It underlies a larger portion<br />

<strong>of</strong> Ohio than any o<strong>the</strong>r formation except <strong>the</strong> coal measures. It<br />

composes all <strong>of</strong> Catawba Island, Put-in-Bay, and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r islands <strong>of</strong> that<br />

group. Erie County just reaches <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water lime area, and,<br />

as has been mentioned,' it is in this rock that <strong>the</strong> subterranean channel<br />

has been excavated through AA'hich AOAVS <strong>the</strong> stream <strong>of</strong> Avater that forms<br />

Castalia Springs.<br />

SALINA GROUP<br />

The' water lime is immediately underlain in a series <strong>of</strong> calcareous<br />

shales and beds <strong>of</strong> gypsum, which apparently represent <strong>the</strong> Onondaga<br />

salt group <strong>of</strong> NCAV York. The gypsum quarries worked by Mr. George A.<br />

Marsh, on Sandusky Bay, lie within <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> Ottawa County, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> same formation extends under Sandusky, where it has been reached<br />

in boring Avells for oil—at too great a depth, hoAA'ever, to be pr<strong>of</strong>itably

28 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

worked. These beds <strong>of</strong> gypsum also form <strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake <strong>of</strong>f<br />

<strong>the</strong> point <strong>of</strong> Put-in-Bay Island, so that <strong>the</strong>y apparently underlie a large<br />

area in this vicinity. They deserve to be carefuly sought for, as <strong>the</strong>y<br />

may be found in localities where <strong>the</strong>y will be readily accessible. From<br />

<strong>the</strong> continuity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface clays, this exploration, hoAvever, can only<br />

be effected by boring. The gypsum <strong>of</strong> Sandusky is <strong>of</strong> excellent quality,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> quantity is apparently inexhaustible. About 10,000 tons per<br />

annum are produced at <strong>the</strong> quarries <strong>of</strong> Mr. Marsh.<br />

BUILDING STONE<br />

No portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state is more abundantly supplied with excellent<br />

building materials than that immediately about Sandusky. The Amherst<br />

sandstone, which is known, and I can almost say used, all over <strong>the</strong> United<br />

States, reaches into Erie County, and, though not quarried <strong>the</strong>re to any<br />

considerable extent, may, perhaps, become hereafter an important contributor<br />

to <strong>the</strong> wealth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants; „<br />

The Sandusky limestone is also highly prized as a building material,<br />

and its capability <strong>of</strong> supplying suitable stone for large and handsome<br />

structures is illustrated in <strong>the</strong> splendid high school building and various<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r edifices at Sandusky, as well as churches, stores and .residences at<br />

Toledo, Cleveland, etc.<br />

The quarries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corniferous at Marblehead and Kcllcy's'Island<br />

are in OttaAva County, but <strong>the</strong> strata worked <strong>the</strong>re underlie all <strong>of</strong> Erie<br />

County, and may 'be reached at various points with little trouble. The<br />

same beds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cprniferous furnish quick lime not inferior to any manufactured<br />

in <strong>the</strong> state, so that lime may be specified as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

important mineral staples <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

OIL SIIAI.ES<br />

The carbonaceous malter contained in <strong>the</strong> Huron shale is equivalent<br />

in heating poAver to that <strong>of</strong> a thick scam <strong>of</strong> coal, but up to <strong>the</strong><br />

present time Ave have not discovered any mode <strong>of</strong> making that source <strong>of</strong><br />

poAA'er available, except by distilling oil or gas from it. Both <strong>the</strong>se useful<br />

substances are constantly being evolved from this great carbonaceous<br />

mass by spontaneous distillation, and it is possible that <strong>the</strong>y may be<br />

hereafter, Avhen <strong>the</strong> supply <strong>of</strong> petroleum from Avells has failed, artificially<br />

generated from this source so cheaply as to pay a pr<strong>of</strong>it to <strong>the</strong><br />

manufacturers. It is also worth remembering that fur<strong>the</strong>r east along<br />

<strong>the</strong> lake shore, as at Eric, Pennsylvania, and Fredonia. NCAV York, <strong>the</strong><br />

spontaneous flow <strong>of</strong> carbureted hydrogen gas from <strong>the</strong> Huron shale has<br />

been extensively utilized.-^ Fredonia was for many years exclusively, and<br />

still is partially lighted by natural gas, and at Erie wells sunk for <strong>the</strong><br />

purpose are supplying combustible gas, which' is being successfully<br />

applied to <strong>the</strong> heating and lighting <strong>of</strong> residences and manufacturing<br />

establishments.<br />

The gypsum and hydraulic lime <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> AA'ater lime and Salina groups

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 2d<br />

should, perhaps, be enumerated among <strong>the</strong> material mineral resources<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie County, as, though not found upon <strong>the</strong> surface, <strong>the</strong>y lie not far<br />

below. The quantity and accessibility Of <strong>the</strong>se materials are, however,<br />

yet so much in doubt that no one would be justified in anticipating a<br />

great increase in <strong>the</strong> wealth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>. county from this source.<br />

An amateur geologist <strong>of</strong> Erie County contributes <strong>the</strong> folloAving to<br />

<strong>the</strong> geology <strong>of</strong> Erie County:<br />

'' From <strong>the</strong> backAvood log birthplace <strong>of</strong> Perkins Township came D. L.<br />

C. Ransom to <strong>the</strong> Sandusky High School with his mind fiercely afire with<br />

<strong>the</strong> torch <strong>of</strong> learning to be, had, and so ingenously ignorant <strong>of</strong> toAvn ways<br />

and language that being called 'Country Jake' was not understood as<br />

applying to him in 1857. In <strong>the</strong> school room came <strong>the</strong> superintendent,<br />

M. F. CoAvdry, bearing a piece <strong>of</strong> silurious limestone enclosing fossils<br />

Avhich Avas being shown to <strong>the</strong> principal, S. S. Cotton. CoAvdry said:<br />

'These are <strong>the</strong> shells <strong>of</strong> once living bivalves Avhich once lived in a salt<br />

sea extending from <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico far to <strong>the</strong> north <strong>of</strong> its present<br />

bounds, and as <strong>the</strong>y died sank to <strong>the</strong> bottom and eventually were<br />

cemented toge<strong>the</strong>r at a very SIOAV rate <strong>of</strong> deposition requiring millions <strong>of</strong><br />

years.' 'No .such tiling,' flatly asserted <strong>the</strong> principal, Cotton. 'These,'<br />

pointing at <strong>the</strong> Bible lying on his desk, 'is <strong>the</strong> word <strong>of</strong> God that this<br />

Avorld Avas made in six days. Take your stone aAvay to macadamize <strong>the</strong><br />

streets. That BOOK settles that for me.' Then <strong>the</strong> superintendent took<br />

up <strong>the</strong> cudgel for science. 'The dredge in front <strong>of</strong> London on <strong>the</strong> Thames<br />

brought to <strong>the</strong> surface shells cemented toge<strong>the</strong>r just as <strong>the</strong>se AA'ere.' 'Oh,<br />

well.' retorts <strong>the</strong> principal. 'God had <strong>the</strong> right and poAA'er to make <strong>the</strong>m<br />

just in that shape if he wished. I Avould not limit his poAver.' 'But,'<br />

ansAvers <strong>the</strong> superintendent, '<strong>the</strong>se English fossils contained a silver coin<br />

from <strong>the</strong> Roman occupation. NOAV Avhen did God begin to lie?' Moth<br />

separated, satisfied each with his contentment in his position. With<br />

cars alert, this lad drank in this conversation, and <strong>the</strong> one folloAving.<br />

The superintendent again brought in a surface silurious limestone finely<br />

polished on its upper side, and attacking <strong>the</strong> principal Avith an assertion<br />

that, some aAvful power must have shoved boulder sand and pebbles across<br />

it and that <strong>the</strong> poAver must have been ice many thousand feet deep to<br />

have made <strong>the</strong> marks so straight that <strong>the</strong>re Avas no deviation. Again<br />

<strong>the</strong> principal remonstrated with 'Just big heaps <strong>of</strong> ice along Lake Eric<br />

shore in Avinter storms would account for it.' They little noticed <strong>the</strong><br />

learner, AVIIO, following' <strong>the</strong>ir acrid contentions, sought evidences from'<br />

Maine to California, and from <strong>the</strong> crests <strong>of</strong> Mount Washington to Mount<br />

Mitchell in North Carolina, and from <strong>Cincinnati</strong> to Sitka, Alaska, confirming<br />

<strong>the</strong> assertions <strong>of</strong> science.<br />

"The beginnings <strong>of</strong> a glacier is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lightest operations <strong>of</strong> nature<br />

—<strong>the</strong> falling <strong>of</strong> a SHOAV flake. Then from <strong>the</strong> very first one that ever fell,<br />

a. long time elapses until <strong>the</strong> climate changes colder and colder, until <strong>the</strong><br />

snow lies all summer on <strong>the</strong> ground but partially thawed; <strong>the</strong>n numberless<br />

ages it accumulates until it covers <strong>the</strong> mountain tops and valleys<br />

betAveen with consolidated snow as ice, as even noAV it covers Greenland<br />

and <strong>the</strong> South Pole land to miles in depth. NOAV Avhen this slowly heaped

30 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

to great depths it has <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> becoming viscid and travels sloAvly<br />

doAvn hill or from <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> greatest thickness, with <strong>the</strong> awful<br />

power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> •mills <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gods which grind very SIOAVIV but grind<br />

exceeding fine.'<br />

"The continent-Avide mass <strong>of</strong> ice slid from poleAvard and dug out <strong>the</strong><br />

basin in Avhich Lake Erie, and all our lakes are IIOAV held. A IOAV mountain<br />

that once ranged from Canada through <strong>the</strong> islands <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie<br />

soutliAvards quite to <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, Ohio, was literally uncapped by several<br />

hundred feet and so leveled that only remnants <strong>of</strong> its existence SIIOAV<br />

Avhere it stood, namely, Marblehead, Kelley's Island, <strong>the</strong> three Bass<br />

Islands, Point an Pellee and minor islands, SIIOAV where once it stood,<br />

and scarcely a foot <strong>of</strong> rock over <strong>the</strong> whole region but SIIOAVS <strong>the</strong> irresistible<br />

force it used when <strong>the</strong> boulders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Canadian granite and sand<br />

in <strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glacier were held to <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underlying<br />

rocks as it floAved from <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast. Its power can faintly be estimated<br />

when it is said that it plucked an acre section <strong>of</strong> rock and a hundred<br />

feet deep, pushing it ahead <strong>of</strong> it. There is a groove near Lakeside<br />

forty feet across and tAventy feet deep which was literally cut through <strong>the</strong><br />

hard massive corniferous limestone by its thousands <strong>of</strong> years <strong>of</strong> grinding<br />

action in passing over Marblehead. An acre belonging to <strong>the</strong> Archaelogical<br />

Society <strong>of</strong> Ohio has been preserved on Kelley's Island to "show, as it<br />

superbly does, <strong>the</strong> poAA'erful work a glacier can accomplish. The Devil's<br />

Bath Tub on Marblehead SIIOAVS how <strong>the</strong> viscidity <strong>of</strong> ice under great<br />

pressure can fit itself to all <strong>the</strong> least inequalities <strong>of</strong> surface, in this case<br />

having a AA'hirling, turning over action as if a giant auger guided <strong>the</strong><br />

ice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glacier, <strong>the</strong> ice in this case never once shoAving a fracture but<br />

moulded itself to <strong>the</strong> rock as molten iron would. A large <strong>20</strong>-ton<br />

granite boulder but a short distance away—one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tools <strong>the</strong> glacier<br />

used to excavate Lake Erie—coming from <strong>the</strong> east Avas thrust against<br />

a shoulder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> limestone near Myron demons' place, and was made,<br />

and is called 'The Prisoner,' and <strong>the</strong> glacier being not able to remove it,<br />

went right on over it, <strong>the</strong> grooves cut in it being parallel to those on <strong>the</strong><br />

lime rock west <strong>of</strong> it. The grinder in this case had to take some <strong>of</strong> his<br />

OAA'n medicine, and was ground himself. The ice AA'as thick enough to fill<br />

<strong>the</strong> Connecticut Valley, cover Mount Washington, and all minor mountains<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Appalachian chain, <strong>the</strong> Adirondacks; it cut <strong>the</strong> gorge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Hudson River, hundreds <strong>of</strong> feet below its present water surface; cut<br />

deep Mlie Champlain and George lakes, and changed <strong>the</strong> whole aspect <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> region which it had before it came.<br />

"The most celebrated boulder (pictured in many books, archaelogical<br />

and state histories) is 'Picture Rock' on <strong>the</strong> south shore <strong>of</strong> Kelley's<br />

Island. It is about 10 feet by 15, <strong>of</strong> limestone, glaciated on <strong>the</strong> upper<br />

side, engraved with scenes perpetuating episodes in <strong>the</strong>ir history by <strong>the</strong><br />

Indians before <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> white man. A similar one lies on <strong>the</strong><br />

sou<strong>the</strong>ast coast <strong>of</strong> Johnson's Island, but not engraved.<br />

'' This ice accumulation shut <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> exit <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie from <strong>the</strong> east,<br />

and caused Lake Michigan to AOAV southward over <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hennepin<br />

Canal into <strong>the</strong> Mississippi, via <strong>the</strong> Illinois; Lake Erie to <strong>the</strong> Ohio.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 31<br />

via <strong>the</strong> Maumee and Wabash, and later via <strong>the</strong> Mohawk Valley to <strong>the</strong><br />

Hudson, and when it was all melted aAvay it resumed its ancient course<br />

doAvn <strong>the</strong> St. LaAvrence.<br />

"The sand and pebbles on <strong>the</strong> beach <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie are but <strong>the</strong> groundup<br />

boulders borne from Canadian sources, and it is a fine pastime to sit<br />

doAvn on its shores and classify <strong>the</strong> many kinds and try to place <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

home source. Students have taken samples to Canada and found <strong>the</strong><br />

very ledges from which <strong>the</strong>y were plucked by ice miles deep sliding over<br />

<strong>the</strong>se plutonic rocks. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> noted boulders was found in Sandusky,<br />

polished on tAA'o sides, found to have an injection <strong>of</strong> lava trap, and is<br />

placed beside <strong>the</strong> entrance to <strong>the</strong> Geological Museum <strong>of</strong> Ann Arbor<br />

College, Michigan, by one <strong>of</strong> Ohio's graduates, class <strong>of</strong> 1909, W. II.<br />

Ransom. The o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entrance is a large conglomerate glacial<br />

stone, containing pebbles <strong>of</strong> pure copper glacier-brought from Lake<br />

Superior.<br />

"Ano<strong>the</strong>r Avas found south <strong>of</strong> Castalia, Avas saAved in two, polished,<br />

shoAving in a black granite three separate intrusions <strong>of</strong> trap rock <strong>of</strong> different<br />

colors and ages; one half is in <strong>the</strong> High School .Museum, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

in <strong>the</strong> museum <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio State University, and are both wonders. The<br />

incst regularly formed granite rock knoAvn is over <strong>the</strong> grave <strong>of</strong> General<br />

Lcggett, just outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mausoleum <strong>of</strong> President Garfield, in LakevicAv<br />

Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio.<br />

"In Erie County <strong>the</strong>re are literally tens <strong>of</strong> thousands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

Canadian wanderers, brought here at no greater average speed than<br />

tAventy-five feet a year, enclosed in <strong>the</strong> grandly moving ice sheet, Avhich<br />

in many places pushed up moraine hills, as in LeAAanee County, Michigan,<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> tAvo or three hundred feet, made up wholly <strong>of</strong> rock* from<br />

as large as a hay stack doAvn to <strong>the</strong> finest sand. Some pusli, some business,<br />

when it once got at its Avork <strong>of</strong> a hundred thousand years, as I believe.<br />

It had time to cut <strong>the</strong> '<strong>Cincinnati</strong> Arch 1 limestone and distribute<br />

it evenly over Western Ohio and make <strong>the</strong> most fruitful soil in<br />

<strong>the</strong> world, celebrated for its perfect crops <strong>of</strong> wheat—<strong>the</strong> motive poAver<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world—its bread. Time and space fails me to tell <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> celebrated<br />

boulders I have met and shaken hands with in Erie County, Ohio."

A1.N no 3<br />

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(B<br />

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V)

CHAPTER III<br />

ERIE COUNTY—ITS ERECTION AND ORGANIZATION<br />

The earliest indication <strong>of</strong> a division <strong>of</strong> Huron County, that might<br />

have been discovered by <strong>the</strong> far-seeing, was <strong>the</strong> springing up <strong>of</strong> a spirit<br />

<strong>of</strong> jealous rivalry betAveen Sandusky and Norwalk. This feeling was developed<br />

at an early day and increased steadily up to and beyond <strong>the</strong><br />

time when Erie County was set <strong>of</strong>f from Huron, though <strong>the</strong> main cause<br />

<strong>of</strong> its fostering was removed when Sandusky became <strong>the</strong> county seat <strong>of</strong><br />

Erie. There Avere o<strong>the</strong>r and more potent forces in operation, however,<br />

which tended tOAvard <strong>the</strong> division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> territory. There Avas a desire<br />

for <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> new counties in several localities, notably in <strong>the</strong><br />

sou<strong>the</strong>rn part <strong>of</strong> Huron and <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn part <strong>of</strong> Richland, where a<br />

strong movement Avas on, foot for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> a neAV county from <strong>the</strong><br />

territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tAvo named," to be knoAvn as Plymouth, This scheme was<br />

urged Avith considerable energy by <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> NCAV Haven (<strong>the</strong>n a<br />

thriving village), and <strong>of</strong> Paris (IIOAV Plymouth), between Avhich places,<br />

had a new county seat been set <strong>of</strong>f, <strong>the</strong>re would have been a warm competition<br />

for <strong>the</strong> "honors and emoluments" <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county seat location.<br />

Had not Erie been set <strong>of</strong>f from <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn part <strong>of</strong> Huron, some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn part would, in all probability, have been set<br />

<strong>of</strong>f for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proposed County <strong>of</strong> Plymouth.<br />

The act for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> Erie County was introduced in <strong>the</strong> Ohio<br />

Legislature in <strong>the</strong> session <strong>of</strong> 1838, and AA'as <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> much argument<br />

pro and con in <strong>the</strong> public prints <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> territory more or less interested<br />

and through memorials.<br />

Petitions and remonstrances, <strong>the</strong> usual recourse <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public, were<br />

submitted to <strong>the</strong> Legislature, showing <strong>the</strong> reasons for and against <strong>the</strong><br />

erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county. The report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> standing committee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Senate, session <strong>of</strong> 1838, on HCAV counties, comments at length upon<br />

<strong>the</strong>se expressions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people's will. A brief synopsis <strong>of</strong> this report<br />

gives an exhibit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> causes that led to <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> Erie County.<br />

The petitions praying for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county were signed by 1,250<br />

persons, all <strong>of</strong> whom were said to reside in <strong>the</strong> boundaries <strong>of</strong> Huron and<br />

Sandusky counties and within <strong>the</strong> boundaries proposed for <strong>the</strong> county <strong>of</strong><br />

which <strong>the</strong> act under consideration contemplated <strong>the</strong> erection. In addition<br />

to <strong>the</strong>se <strong>the</strong>re was ano<strong>the</strong>r petition containing <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> forty-six<br />

persons, who expressed a preference for Erie over OttaAva County. These<br />

petitions represented that <strong>the</strong> counties <strong>of</strong> Huron and Sandusky were<br />

larger than necessary; that <strong>the</strong>y had an unusually good soil; were<br />

capable <strong>of</strong> sustaining an unusually dense population; contained many

34<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

flourishing towns and villages, and were being rapidly settled by an industrious<br />

and enterprising class <strong>of</strong> people. It was also represented that<br />

<strong>the</strong> judicial business <strong>of</strong> Huron County required annually three terms <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Court <strong>of</strong> Common Pleas, <strong>of</strong> from three to five weeks' duration, and<br />

that <strong>the</strong>re was every prospect <strong>of</strong> an increase in <strong>the</strong> same. The consequent<br />

delay and inconvenience arising to suitors, and <strong>the</strong> great distance <strong>of</strong><br />

those residing on <strong>the</strong> peninsula and <strong>the</strong> islands from <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> fact that a large amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> legal business <strong>of</strong> Huron County<br />

originated near <strong>the</strong> lake, were among <strong>the</strong> strongest reasons urged in<br />

favor <strong>of</strong> erecting <strong>the</strong> new county.<br />

The remonstrances were signed by 1,500 persons, "excluding <strong>the</strong><br />

names that were found appended more than once." Of <strong>the</strong>se, 1,050<br />

were represented as residing in Sandusky County, and 450 in <strong>the</strong> County<br />

<strong>of</strong> Huron. More than 450 <strong>of</strong> those from Sandusky lived within <strong>the</strong><br />

territory which it was proposed in <strong>the</strong> bill to attach to <strong>the</strong> new county.<br />

The reasons urged against <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> Erie were various, and differed<br />

according to <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> remonstrants. From Sandusky it<br />

would take several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most fertile and densely settled townships,<br />

by which <strong>the</strong> taxes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people residing in o<strong>the</strong>r parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county<br />

would be greatly increased; <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice would be thrown near<br />

<strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county, and before many years would require<br />

to be moved from its present location, causing difficulties and<br />

embarrassments to <strong>the</strong> people. It Avas fur<strong>the</strong>r represented that <strong>the</strong> inhabitants<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peninsula were compelled to cross <strong>the</strong> bay when required<br />

to visit <strong>the</strong> (<strong>the</strong>n) present seat <strong>of</strong> justice, and that by <strong>the</strong> erection<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie County, as proposed, <strong>the</strong>y would, though being nearer <strong>the</strong> seat<br />

<strong>of</strong> justice, still be compelled to <strong>the</strong> inconvenience <strong>of</strong> crossing <strong>the</strong> bay,<br />

which was sometimes both difficult and dangerous. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> remonstrances<br />

were circulated after <strong>the</strong> bill had passed <strong>the</strong> Senate, <strong>the</strong> remonstrants<br />

alleging that its passage caused <strong>the</strong>ir first knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

measure.<br />

The committee closed its report with <strong>the</strong> recommendation that, as it<br />

was by no means certain that <strong>the</strong> spirit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> act was in accordance<br />

with <strong>the</strong> wishes <strong>of</strong> a majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people interested in <strong>the</strong> erection<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new county, no action should be taken until <strong>the</strong>re had been fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />

consideration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> matter.<br />

The act, after having been sent back and forth from <strong>the</strong> House to<br />

various committees, and being variously reported upon, was finally<br />

passed March 15, 1838.<br />

As this act fully describes <strong>the</strong> county as it was originally constituted,<br />

we print <strong>the</strong> full text. It reads as folloAVS:<br />

"AN ACT<br />

"To erect <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong> Erie<br />

"Section 1. Be it enacted by <strong>the</strong> General Assembly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong><br />

Ohio. That such parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> counties <strong>of</strong> Huron and Sandusky as are<br />

embraced in <strong>the</strong> boundaries hereinafter described, be and <strong>the</strong> same are<br />

hereby erected into a separate and distinct county, which shall be known

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 35<br />

by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Erie, and <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice in and for said county<br />

shall be, and is hereby fixed and established at Sandusky City, to wit:<br />

Beginning at a point on <strong>the</strong> east line <strong>of</strong> Oxford Township, in <strong>the</strong> County<br />

<strong>of</strong> Huron, one mile north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>; <strong>the</strong>nce nor<strong>the</strong>rly<br />

on <strong>the</strong> said east line, and in <strong>the</strong> same direction, to <strong>the</strong> Canada line;<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce westerly along said Canada line, to a point <strong>the</strong>rein directly opposite<br />

<strong>the</strong> west line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Township <strong>of</strong> Portage, in Sandusky County;<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce sou<strong>the</strong>rly, parallel with <strong>the</strong> east line <strong>of</strong> said Sandusky County to<br />

<strong>the</strong> northwest corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Township <strong>of</strong> ToAvnsend, in Sandusky County;<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce east, to <strong>the</strong> west boundary <strong>of</strong> Huron County; <strong>the</strong>nce south, on<br />

said west boundary <strong>of</strong> Huron County, to a point one mile north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

south line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ToAvnship <strong>of</strong> Groton, in said Huron County; and from<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce to <strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> beginning: Provided, and it is hereby declared,<br />

that if <strong>the</strong> east line <strong>of</strong> said County <strong>of</strong> Erie, as above described, will not<br />

include <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> Cunningham's Island, in Lake Erie, <strong>the</strong>n, and in<br />

that case, said line shall be so far varied from <strong>the</strong> south shore <strong>of</strong> said<br />

lake to <strong>the</strong> said Canada line that it will embrace <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> said Cunningham's<br />

Island.<br />

Sec. 2. That <strong>the</strong> said County <strong>of</strong> Erie be, and remain attached to<br />

<strong>the</strong> counties from which it is detached, until <strong>the</strong> same shall be organized<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Legislature. "C. ANTHONY,<br />

"Speaker <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> House <strong>of</strong> Representatives.<br />

"GEORGE J. SMITH,<br />

"Speaker <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Senate.<br />

"March 15, 1838."<br />

The act for <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> Erie County AA'as passed March 16,<br />

1838. It provided for <strong>the</strong> holding <strong>of</strong> an election in <strong>the</strong> following May,<br />

and that all justices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace and constables, residing within <strong>the</strong><br />

territory taken from <strong>the</strong> counties <strong>of</strong> Huron and Sandusky and embraced<br />

within <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> Erie County, should continue to discharge tlieir<br />

duties until <strong>the</strong>ir terms should expire, and that suits begun in court<br />

before <strong>the</strong> taking effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> act should proceed and be prosecuted as<br />

though <strong>the</strong> act had not been passed. The county was by <strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong><br />

this act attached for judicial purposes to <strong>the</strong> Second Judicial Circuit.<br />

No alterations or additions were made to <strong>the</strong> new county until 1840,<br />

when <strong>the</strong> subjoined section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong> March 6,1840, was passed:<br />

"Sec. 5. Be it enacted, etc., That all that territory in <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron, north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAA'nships <strong>of</strong> Wakeman, Townsend,<br />

NorAvalk and Lyme, which includes <strong>the</strong> tOAvnships <strong>of</strong> Vermillion, Florence,<br />

Berlin, Milan and Huron, and also a strip <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

townships <strong>of</strong> Oxford and Groton, one mile in width, be, and <strong>the</strong> same<br />

is hereby attached to <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong> Erie."<br />

On <strong>the</strong> fourth day <strong>of</strong> April, 1838, <strong>the</strong> first court <strong>of</strong> Erie Common<br />

Pleas Avas held. Present, Judges Moors Farwell, Nathan Strong and<br />

Harvey Fowler. The business <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first day, as given on No. 1 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

dockets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court, was as follows:<br />

"It appeared that <strong>the</strong>re was a vacancy in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> clerk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

court. It is ordered that Zenas W. Barber be, and he is hereby, ap-

36 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

pointed clerk pro tern, <strong>of</strong> this court. And <strong>the</strong>reupon said Zenas W.<br />

Barber appeared in open court, and, having executed and filed a bond<br />

to <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Ohio, in <strong>the</strong> penal sum <strong>of</strong> $10,000, bearing date <strong>the</strong> 4th<br />

day <strong>of</strong> April, 1838, with John G. Camp and Oraii Follett his sureties,<br />

conditioned according to laAV, which is approved by <strong>the</strong> court, took <strong>the</strong><br />

oath <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice required by laAV."<br />

Next came <strong>the</strong> appointment <strong>of</strong> school examiners, given on <strong>the</strong> docket<br />

as fOIIOAVS :<br />

" It is ordered by <strong>the</strong> court that <strong>the</strong> Rev. Alvin Nash, <strong>the</strong> Rev. Thomas<br />

H. Quinan, E. B. Sadler, Esq., be, and <strong>the</strong>y are hereby appointed school<br />

examiners for <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong> Erie, in pursuance <strong>of</strong> an act for <strong>the</strong> support<br />

and better regulation <strong>of</strong> common schools, passed March 7, A. D. 1838.''<br />

COURT HOUSE, SANDUSKY<br />

The above, Avith <strong>the</strong> appointment <strong>of</strong> John G. CiufTp, Esq., as <strong>the</strong><br />

guardian <strong>of</strong> Ebenezer 15. Goodrich, constituted all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> legal business<br />

transacted <strong>the</strong> first day <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> session <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first court <strong>of</strong> Eric County<br />

Common Pleas.<br />

The County <strong>of</strong> Erie occupies a central position betAveen <strong>the</strong> east and<br />

AA'est boundary lines <strong>of</strong> Ohio, and has no especially distinguishing physical<br />

features. The surface, generally, is even, but here and <strong>the</strong>re exist<br />

evidences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fact that its whole surface Avas at one time covered with<br />

water; and that <strong>the</strong>se Avatcrs, gradually receding, left Avhat is knoAvn as<br />

a drift or sand ridge. These ridges, although not numerous, are found<br />

in several townships <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

The evenness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land throughout <strong>the</strong> county is<br />

<strong>the</strong> rule, and <strong>the</strong> exceptions are feAV. The most marked depression exists<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Township <strong>of</strong> Huron, Where a large area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land surface lies<br />

beloAV <strong>the</strong> water level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake, and is subject to overfloAv with a rise<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake AA'aters or those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron River. O<strong>the</strong>r than this <strong>the</strong>re is<br />

comparatively little swamp land, and AA'here this class has, in <strong>the</strong> past.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 37<br />

been found to exist, it is easily drained into <strong>the</strong> streams with which <strong>the</strong><br />

county is well supplied, and thus empties into <strong>the</strong> lake.<br />

Erie County is bounded on <strong>the</strong> north by Lake Erie. But from this<br />

statement must be excepted Kelley's Island, which now forms one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

county's tOAvnships, and which is situate some sixteen miles from Sandusky<br />

City, according to <strong>the</strong> usual route <strong>of</strong> boat travel. It lies nearly<br />

due uorth from <strong>the</strong> city. The county is o<strong>the</strong>nvise bounded, east by<br />

Lorain County; south by Huron County, <strong>the</strong> bounding townships <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong><br />

being Lyme, Ridgefield, NorAvalk, ToAvnsend and Wakeman, and on <strong>the</strong><br />

west by Sandusky County.<br />

As originally created, <strong>the</strong> county contained eleven tOAvnships, but<br />

tAvo years later Danbury Avas set <strong>of</strong>f to <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> OttaAva County,<br />

as was Kelley's Island, but <strong>the</strong> latter was erected into a toAvnship while<br />

attached to Ottawa, and Avas at a still later day reannexed to Erie agreeably<br />

to <strong>the</strong> prayer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> petition <strong>of</strong> its inhabitants; <strong>the</strong>refore this<br />

island IIOAV forms a part <strong>of</strong> Erie County, although situate some sixteen<br />

miles distant <strong>the</strong>refrom.<br />

Outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> Sandusky <strong>the</strong>re is no manufacturing except.<br />

<strong>the</strong> cement industry at Castalia, <strong>the</strong> Hoover plant at Avery, and <strong>the</strong><br />

flour mills at Venice. The remaining townships are devoted to <strong>the</strong><br />

ordinary agricultural products, except <strong>the</strong> large grape industries in<br />

Margaretta ToAvnship and on Kelley's Island.<br />

TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS<br />

Groton .<br />

1S40<br />

1,028<br />

1,055<br />

854<br />

1,488<br />

1,104<br />

18S0<br />

2,042<br />

1,330<br />

1,038<br />

1,910<br />

888<br />

2,302<br />

Milan<br />

Portland .<br />

Vermillion<br />

1840 1880<br />

1,531 2,239<br />

730 1,231<br />

839 1,878<br />

1.434 15,838<br />

1,334 1,944<br />

The population in 1840 was 12,457; 1860, 24,474; 1880, ,32,640, <strong>of</strong><br />

whom <strong>20</strong>,899 Avere Ohio-born; 1,651 NCAV York; 534 Pennsylvania; 4,882<br />

Germany; 1,196 Ireland; 702 England and Wales, and 287 British<br />

America.<br />

The name <strong>of</strong> this county Avas originally applied to <strong>the</strong> Erie tribe <strong>of</strong><br />

Indians.<br />

By tlic census <strong>of</strong> 1910 <strong>the</strong> total population <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county Avas 38,327.<br />

Berlin ToAvnship had 1,933, Florence 1,105, Groton 740, Huron 2,387,<br />

Kcllcy's Tsland 1.017, Margaretta 2.662. Milan 1.847, Oxford 961, Perkins<br />

3.934. Portland 19.989, Vermillion 2,152.<br />

The first custom house Avas located at Danbury on <strong>the</strong> peninsula.<br />

Later <strong>the</strong> custom house Avas located in <strong>the</strong> building IIOAV occupied by<br />

Wal<strong>the</strong>r & Klenk at No. 516 Water Street. Then <strong>the</strong> custom house was<br />

removed to a small stone building <strong>the</strong>n standing across <strong>the</strong> street from<br />

<strong>the</strong> last location. Then it took up its quarters in <strong>the</strong> present post<strong>of</strong>fice<br />

building.

38 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The following gentlemen have been collectors <strong>of</strong> customs at Sandusky:<br />

Epaphras W. Bull, Peter P. Ferry, Moors Farwell, William H. Hunter,<br />

Elias H. Haines, William Patterson, John Youngs, Harlow Case, James<br />

A. Jones, George S. Patterson, John Youngs, John G. Pool, Clark Rude,<br />

John J. Finch, Pitt Cooke, W. H. Herbert, Ed H. Zurhorst, Charles A.<br />

Judson.<br />

The <strong>of</strong>ficial now in charge is Charles P. Caldwell.<br />

TREASURERS<br />

William B. Smith, 1838-1840; Horace Applin, 1840-1842; Samuel<br />

Johnson, 1842-1844; Earl Bill, 1844-1848; John B. Wilbur, 1848-1850;<br />

John W. Sprague, 1850-1852; Thomas S. Fuller, 1852-1854; Holly Skinner,<br />

1854-1856; Thomas S. Fernald, 1856-1860; William H. McFall, 1860-<br />

1864; James D. Chamberlain, 1864-1870; James S. Chandler, 1870-1872;<br />

James D. Chamberlain, 1872-1876; Reuben Turner, 1876-1880; James<br />

Alder, 1880-1882; William Zimmerman, 1882-1886; James Alder, 1886-<br />

1890; Byron Gager, 1890-1892; August H. Arend, 1892-1896; Gustavus<br />

Graham, 1896-1900; Cornelius A. Nielson, 1900-1904; William Goodsite,<br />

1904-1908; Frank A. Kerber, 1908-1910; Conrad Nuhn, 1910-1915;<br />

Charles A. Craig, 1915.<br />

PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS<br />

John F. Campbell, 1838-1840; Francis D. Parish, 1840-1842; Morris<br />

Homan, 1842-1844; S. F. Taylor, 1844-1848; A. W. Hendry, 1848-1852;<br />

John Mackey, 1852-1856; O. C. McLouth, 1856-1860; Fred W. CogsAvell,<br />

1860-1872; Benjamin F. Lee, 1872-1877; W. W. Bowen, 1877-1879; Herman<br />

Ohly, 1879-1880; Walter W. BoAven, 1880-1881; Grayson Mills, 1881-<br />

1883; Cyrus B. Winters, 1883-1889; John P. Stein, 1889-1894; John<br />

Mackey, 1894-1895; John Ray, 1895-1901; Roy H. Williams, 1901-1906;<br />

Ed S. Stephens, 1906-1910; Henry Hart, 1910-1915; James Flynn, Jr.,<br />

1915.<br />

COUNTY CLERKS<br />

Zenas W. Barker, 1838-1839; Rice Harker, 1839-1855; Horace N.<br />

Bill, 1855-1861; John J. Penfleld, 1861-1862; George N. Penfleld, 1862-<br />

1864; George O. Selkirk, 1864-1870; O. C. McLouth, 1870-1875; F. W.<br />

Alvord, 1875-1878; William J. Affleck, 1878-1884; Silas E. Bander, 1884-<br />

1890; William W. HoAvard, 1890-1894; Frank M. Hughes, 1894-1900;<br />

J. F. Hertlein, 1900-1906; Jerome G. Stoll, 1906-1908; Leonard Ortner,<br />

1908-1910; Jerome G. Stoll, 1910-1915; Ferd Bing, 1915.<br />

AUDIT6RS<br />

H. W. Conklin, 1838-1840; William Neill, 1840-1841; Orlando Mc-<br />

Knight, 1841-1846; George W. Smith, 1846-1850; Foster M. Follett,<br />

1850-1852; Charles H. Botsford, 1852-1856; Foster M. Follett, 1856-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 39<br />

1860; George W. Smith, 1860-1867; Ebenezer Merry, 1867-1882; Thomas<br />

McFall, 1882-1885; William J. Bonn, 1885-1891; Louis N. Werner, 1891-<br />

1894; Thomas McFall, 1894-1896; Charles M. Keyes, 1896-1897, appointed<br />

to fill vacancy; John R. Gallagher, 1897-1903; Charles Kubach,<br />

1903-1909; John Diest, 1909-1912; Hayes Adams, 1912.<br />

SHERIFFS<br />

Harvey Long, 1838-1840; Zalmuna Phillips, 1840-1842; Ebenezer<br />

Warner, 1842-1846; Isaac Fowler, 1846-1848; Henry D. Ward, 1848-<br />

1850; George W. Smith, 1850-1854; G. B. Gerrard, 1854-1858; Fred F.<br />

Smith, 1858-1860; David S. Worthington, 1860-1864; Jesse S. Davis,<br />

1864-1866; David S. Worthington, 1866-1870; Charles H. Botsford, 1870-<br />

1872; David S. Worthington, 1872-1876; Merrill S. Starr, 1876-1880;<br />

John Strickland, 1880-1884; Thomas A. Hughes, 1884-1888; Christian<br />

Wiedel, 1888-1892; John Immel, 1892-1894; A. A. Magill, 1894-1898;<br />

Jay J. Perry, 1898-1902; Henry A. Foster, 1902-1904; Jacob H<strong>of</strong>fman,<br />

1904-1908; Herman Reuter, 1908-1912; William Lundy, 1912.<br />

RECORDERS<br />

Horace Applin, 1838-1840; C. B. Squire, 1840-1844; Ebenezer Merry,<br />

1844-1850; Charles Wilber, 1850-1853; James W. Cook, 1853-1862; John<br />

W. Reed, 1862-1868; William A. Till, 1868-1880; James Flynn, 1880-<br />

1887; John Strickland, 1887-1892; Charles Traub, 1892-1895; Charles E.<br />

Schippel, 1895-1901; I. J. P. Tessier, 1901-1907; F. E. Hartman, 1907-<br />

1909; Gottleib Zimmerman, 1909-1915; George F. Burmeister, 1915.<br />

SURVEYORS<br />

S. II. Smith, 1838-1840; W. H. Smith, 1840-1841; J. B. Darling,<br />

1841-1845; Alvin Brooks, 1845-1847; J. B. Darling, 1847-1849; A. B.<br />

Foster, 1849-1853; J. B. Darling, 1853-1861; H. C. Jones, 1861-1863;<br />

J. B. Darling, 1863-1876; George Morton, 1876-1879; A. W. Judson,<br />

1879-1885; Charles S. Ferguson, 1885-1888; Melvin Kenney, 1888-1894;<br />

A. W. Judson, 1894-1905; Rollo D. Chase, 1905-1906; August C. Schultz,<br />

1906-1908; R. B. Smith, 1908-1913; L. A. Schultz, 1913-1915; Clifford<br />

M. King, 1915.<br />

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS<br />

Samuel B. Carpenter, 1838-1839; Nelson Taylor, 1838-1840; William<br />

B, Craighill, 1839-1841; John Fuller, 1840-1842; William Gill, 1840-<br />

1843; Isaac Fowler, 1841-1844; Philo Adams, 1842-1845; Harley Long,<br />

1842-1846; Benjamin D. Turner, 1843-1847; Ezra Sprague, 1844-1848;<br />

Bourdette Wood, 1845-1849; Harvey Fowler, 1845-1850; Elihu P. Hill,<br />

1847-1851; Harry Sprague, 1847; Myron Sexton, 1849; Joseph Otis.<br />

1850; John P. Deyo, 1851; John Summers, 1853; C. Beardsley, 1855;

40 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Rice Harper, 1856; Isaac McKesson, 1857; Robert Bennett, 1859; G. M.<br />

Darling, 1861; Calvin Caswell, 1863; B. G. Taylor, 1866; William II.<br />

Crane, 1867; E. White, 1868; W. S. Webb, 1869; Louis Wells, 1870;<br />

Stark Adams, 1873; Wells W. Miller, Gustavus Graham, G. W. Clary,<br />

Henry Kelly, James Douglass, C. V. Turner, John Homegardner, John<br />

L. Hull, William Zimmerman, D. J. Deyo, George Knapp; J. C. Parker,<br />

1895-1898; J. C. Parsons, 1896-1899; C. L. Halliday, 1897-1900; C. L.<br />

House, 1898-1901; Henry P. Breining, 1899-1902; Charles A. Peake,<br />

1900-1903; Charles L. House, 1901-1904; Henry P. Breining, 1902-1905;<br />

George I. Hayes, 1903-1906; John L. Ricger, 1905-1908; David Riedy,<br />

1906-1909; Louis Neill, 1907-1910; David Reidy, 1909-1912; Jacob J.<br />

Creeelius, 1909-1912; George OsAvald, 1909-1912; Jacob J.. Creeelius,<br />

1912-1915; John M. Holzaepfel, 1912-1915; George Oswald, 1912-1915;<br />

Jacob J. Creeelius, 1915; John M. Holzaepfel, 1915; Henry Kelly, 1915.<br />

PROBATE JUDGES<br />

Ebenezer AndreAvs, 1852-1858; A. II. Stryker, 1858-1861; Rush R,<br />

Sloane; F. D. Parish, January, 1861, to November, 1861; George Morton,<br />

November, 1861, to November, 1863; A. W. Hendry, November, 1863, to<br />

February, 1870; E. M. Colver, February, 1870, to February, 1879; Albert<br />

E. Merrill, February, 1879-1891; George C. Beis, 1891-1894; Lewis II.<br />

Goodwin, 1894-1900; U. T. Curran, 1900-1906; Thomas M. Sloane, 1906-.<br />

LOCATING THE COUNTY SEAT<br />

The location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice <strong>of</strong> Erie County at Sandusky City<br />

AA'as more <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> accident than othcrAvise. Some people are<br />

inclined to remember it as a providential act, while o<strong>the</strong>rs, more practical,<br />

perhaps, have chosen to attribute its location at that place to good<br />

luck.' Whichever may be correct is <strong>of</strong> no material importance IIOAV, but<br />

<strong>the</strong> incident at <strong>the</strong> time was <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most vital importance to <strong>the</strong> town.<br />

Three places Avere presented to <strong>the</strong> consideration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commission<br />

—Sandusky, Huron and Milan. The first—Sandusky—claimed it on<br />

<strong>the</strong> ground that that place Avas <strong>the</strong> metropolis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county, having <strong>the</strong><br />

greatest population, being more accessible, and having facilities <strong>of</strong> land<br />

and by water that Avere possessed by no o<strong>the</strong>r location. The people <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron argued that <strong>the</strong>ir toAvn was even better than Sandusky, <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

location equally central, <strong>the</strong>ir lake advantages better, and <strong>the</strong> site, by<br />

every necessary consideration, much more desirable than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />

Milan, or Abbott's Corners, sought through <strong>the</strong> efforts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong><br />

that neighborhood to impress <strong>the</strong> commissioners Avith <strong>the</strong> availability <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>ir site, and not Avithout sound argument. This had been for a short<br />

time <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice <strong>of</strong> Huron County. It Avas more central than <strong>the</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>r toAvns suggested, and Avas equally accessible by Avater through <strong>the</strong><br />

canal, and more accessible by land as it lay nearer <strong>the</strong> geographical center<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

In due course <strong>of</strong> time <strong>the</strong> Avorthy commissioners visited <strong>the</strong> several

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 41<br />

sites proposed, and it Avas while on this tour <strong>of</strong> investigation that <strong>the</strong><br />

events occurred that turned <strong>the</strong> tide <strong>of</strong> sentiment in favor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky. Milan, or Abbott's Corners, was out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> question.<br />

While at Huron, so it is said, <strong>the</strong> champions <strong>of</strong> that site showed <strong>the</strong><br />

commissioners <strong>the</strong> beauties and natural advantages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town and location,<br />

and endeavored to, and in fact did impress <strong>the</strong>m favorably. The<br />

harbor was all it Avas represented to be, .but unfortunately, while urging<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir OAVII as <strong>the</strong> best location <strong>the</strong>y correspondingly enlarged upon <strong>the</strong><br />

disadvantages <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, so that when <strong>the</strong> commissioners came here<br />

<strong>the</strong>y did so with a prejudice against it. And it is known that at least<br />

tAvo <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three commissioners AA'ere in favor <strong>of</strong> Huron as against Sandusky.<br />

But while viewing <strong>the</strong> attractions <strong>of</strong> Huron and vicinity a hard<br />

wind storm, a genuine "nor' caster," suddenly arose and blew <strong>the</strong> lake<br />

INDIANS AND PlONKERS<br />

waters back into <strong>the</strong> channel <strong>of</strong> Huron River, thus flooding <strong>the</strong> locality,<br />

and for a time making it impossible for <strong>the</strong> Avorthy site finders to reach<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir hotel.<br />

The trio next visited Sandusky, but as has been stated, with a prejudice<br />

against <strong>the</strong> place. There AVIIS in fact a somewhat unfortunate condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> affairs here regarding <strong>the</strong> lands. They were in dispute, and<br />

while <strong>the</strong>re Avas no open rupture, <strong>the</strong>re were threatenings <strong>of</strong> litigation<br />

in certain quarters, enough to make doubtful <strong>the</strong> feasibility <strong>of</strong> locating<br />

upon <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> county seat. But at Huron <strong>the</strong> commission had been<br />

informed that <strong>the</strong> Avalers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay Avere shallow; too shallow to make<br />

Sandusky a safe, sung harbor for <strong>the</strong> lake vessels, and this Avas <strong>the</strong> objection<br />

in part raised by <strong>the</strong> Huron people. These objections Avere fixed<br />

in <strong>the</strong> minds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commissioners, and were <strong>of</strong> such a nature as required<br />

evidence to remove.<br />

But <strong>the</strong> same gale <strong>of</strong> wind that injured Huron had favored Sandusky.<br />

During its greatest severity <strong>the</strong> brig Julia Palmer had sought<br />

refuge in <strong>the</strong> bay <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, waters <strong>of</strong> which Avere SAVOIICU by <strong>the</strong>

42 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

force <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wind, and when che next morning <strong>the</strong> commissioners looked<br />

from <strong>the</strong>ir hotel windows out upon <strong>the</strong> waters <strong>the</strong>re stood, safely moored<br />

<strong>the</strong> brig. Where, <strong>the</strong>n, Avas <strong>the</strong> objection raised by <strong>the</strong> Huron people?<br />

The Julia Palmer was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> largest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake vessels, and still she<br />

rode safely. This fact, with a more potent influence, (a rare imported<br />

brand), brought to bear by Mayor Camp, soon settled <strong>the</strong> question in<br />

favor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky as <strong>the</strong> county seat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county <strong>of</strong> Erie. But again,<br />

<strong>the</strong> land proprietors here, during <strong>the</strong> days in which <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> erecting<br />

a new county was being discussed, were making provisions for <strong>the</strong><br />

same and <strong>the</strong> consequent county buildings, as will be shown by a promise<br />

in writing made by <strong>the</strong>m in October, 1835, three years before <strong>the</strong> act<br />

creating <strong>the</strong> county Avas passed. It read as follows: "The subscribers<br />

do hereby pledge <strong>the</strong>mselves that in case a neAV county be organized<br />

with <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice established at Sandusky, we will furnish all<br />

necessary public buildings for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> said new county, free <strong>of</strong> all<br />

expense to <strong>the</strong> county for five years next following its organization."<br />

Signed by John G. Camp, Thomas Neill, William I. Reece, Isaac Mills,<br />

Z. Wildman; all per J. G. Camp.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first duties that devolved upon <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> commissioners<br />

was to make some provision for a building for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> holding<br />

courts, and for quarters for county <strong>of</strong>ficers. The <strong>of</strong>ficers were chosen on<br />

<strong>the</strong> day fixed for <strong>the</strong> first election, May 7, 1838, and Samuel B. Carpenter,<br />

Nelson Taylor and William B. Craighill were elected commissioners;<br />

Hiram W. Conklin, auditor; William B. Smith, treasurer.<br />

The first Court <strong>of</strong> Common Pleas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county was ordered by <strong>the</strong><br />

Legislature to be held on <strong>the</strong> second Monday in December next following<br />

<strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> passage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> act that created <strong>the</strong> county and against<br />

"this time <strong>the</strong> commissioners must provide a place for <strong>the</strong> holding <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>.<br />

The First Courthouse.—There was built just west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present<br />

high school, some years earlier than <strong>the</strong> period <strong>the</strong> events <strong>of</strong> which we<br />

have been discussing, intended at <strong>the</strong> time to be put to <strong>the</strong> uses <strong>of</strong> education,<br />

a stone building <strong>of</strong> fair proportions, two stories in height, but in<br />

1838 in an incomplete state.<br />

The stone building referred to was projected in part by <strong>the</strong> proprietors,<br />

and a part by <strong>the</strong> enterprising residents <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, who<br />

desired a commodious schoolhouse or academy in a central location. To<br />

its construction <strong>the</strong> people largely contributed. At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> location<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county seat this building was unfinished, only <strong>the</strong> lower floor<br />

being completed, in which school was held. It was this structure, <strong>the</strong>n,<br />

that was proposed to be used for courthouse and county purposes.<br />

The first term <strong>of</strong> court was held in December, 1838, as provided by<br />

<strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Legislature organizing <strong>the</strong> county. ° And while this building<br />

was so used for a period <strong>of</strong> two years, or perhaps a little less, <strong>the</strong>re<br />

was no move on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proprietors to vest <strong>the</strong> title to <strong>the</strong> same<br />

in <strong>the</strong> county. This led to fur<strong>the</strong>r discussion and agitation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> question<br />

<strong>of</strong> removal' <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county seat to some o<strong>the</strong>r point; and, moreover,<br />

led to <strong>the</strong> passage <strong>of</strong> an "enabling act" authorizing such removal, but<br />

coupled with a condition, as will be seen by <strong>the</strong> act itself, as follows:

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 43<br />

" There shall be commissioners appointed agreeably to an act entitled<br />

'An act for <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> seats <strong>of</strong> justice, to review <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong><br />

justice <strong>of</strong> Erie county and remove <strong>the</strong> same, if in <strong>the</strong>ir opinion <strong>the</strong><br />

public interest requires it; but it shall not be lawful for said commissioners<br />

to locate <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice at any place o<strong>the</strong>r than its present<br />

location unless <strong>the</strong> proprietors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lands, or individuals, shall furnish<br />

<strong>the</strong> county <strong>of</strong> Erie with a good and valid title, in fee simple to<br />

such lands, as may be necessary for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> all public buildings;<br />

and shall also erect good and suitable public buildings, equal to those in<br />

• Elyria, Lorain county, without expense or levy <strong>of</strong> tax in said county<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie.' "<br />

This act seems to have somewhat opened <strong>the</strong> eyes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tardy proprietors<br />

but not until <strong>the</strong> citizens had come to <strong>the</strong> rescue, and by <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

bond pledged <strong>the</strong>mselves to provide for <strong>the</strong> necessities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

At a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eountv commissioners held June 3, 1840, <strong>the</strong> following<br />

journal entry appears: '' Whereas, <strong>the</strong> commissioners appointed<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Legislature <strong>of</strong> this state to review and remove <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie county, if, in <strong>the</strong>ir opinion, <strong>the</strong> public interests required it,<br />

have on full examination decided and found that <strong>the</strong> public interests<br />

did and does not require such removal, and<br />

"Whereas, in order to prevent <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> justice by<br />

said commissioners, F. D. Parish, A. H. Barber, Charles Barney. Samuel<br />

Moss, Moses Farewell, John Wheeden, W. H. Hollister, William B.<br />

Smith, L. S. Beecher, John Beatty, John G. Camp, E. Cook, S. B. Caldwell<br />

and David Campbell executed and delivered to <strong>the</strong> commissioners<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> said county <strong>of</strong> Erie <strong>the</strong>ir joint and several bond in <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong><br />

$15,000, dated May 11, 1840, conditioned for <strong>the</strong> furnishing to and for<br />

<strong>the</strong> said county, within two years from April 1,1840, good and sufficient'<br />

public buildings, such as a courthouse, public <strong>of</strong>fices and jail, without<br />

expense or <strong>the</strong> levy <strong>of</strong> a tax in said county, and,<br />

"Whereas, <strong>the</strong> most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proprietors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone building now<br />

occupied by <strong>the</strong> county as and for a courthouse and <strong>of</strong>fices, situate on<br />

<strong>the</strong> east block <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land appropriated and set apart by <strong>the</strong> original<br />

proprietors <strong>of</strong> Sandusky city for county and o<strong>the</strong>r public buildings,<br />

have this day delivered to <strong>the</strong> commissioners <strong>of</strong> said county a deed <strong>of</strong><br />

conveyance <strong>of</strong> said building, to be holden and used by said county for a<br />

courthouse and <strong>of</strong>fices forever, containing a covenant <strong>of</strong> warranty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

title <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same against all claims whatsoever.<br />

"NOAV, <strong>the</strong>refore, we, <strong>the</strong> commissioners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county <strong>of</strong> Erie aforesaid,<br />

do noAV accept and receive for <strong>the</strong> county, for a courthouse and<br />

<strong>of</strong>fices, <strong>the</strong> said building in fulfillment and satisfaction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> above mentioned bond <strong>of</strong> F. D. Parish and o<strong>the</strong>rs, so far as <strong>the</strong><br />

same has reference to and stipulates for <strong>the</strong> furnishing <strong>of</strong> a courthouse<br />

and public <strong>of</strong>fices, and land on Avhich to erect <strong>the</strong> same, on condition that<br />

<strong>the</strong> obligors <strong>of</strong> said bond shall erect a portico across <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> third story, and covered with a deep floor, and surrounded with a<br />

hand-rail and bannisters, and a portion to be enclosed at each end, and<br />

stairs to be erected to extend from <strong>the</strong> first to <strong>the</strong> second story; and sub-

44 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

ject to such o<strong>the</strong>r internal arrangements as <strong>the</strong> commissioners shall hereafter<br />

direct and adopt; and also remove <strong>the</strong> partition in <strong>the</strong> second story,<br />

and lay a floor over <strong>the</strong> present stairAvay so that <strong>the</strong> courtroom Avill<br />

extend over <strong>the</strong> Avhole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second story." The latter portion <strong>of</strong> this<br />

instrument Avas subsequently modified in relation to <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> portico and%stairAvays, and provision made for a semi-circular portico<br />

with circular stairs.<br />

The deed from <strong>the</strong> proprietors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land and <strong>the</strong> shareholders <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> "stone building" bears <strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> May 14, 1842, and is made upon<br />

<strong>the</strong> express condition that <strong>the</strong> county seat be not removed from Sandusky<br />

City. The deed Avas signed and executed by <strong>the</strong> folloAving named<br />

persons: W. II. Mills, David Campbell, S. B. Caldwell, A. P. Tower,<br />

I'KINKER HOME<br />

William B. Smith, William II. Hunter, I. 1). Davidson, (i. S. Dowel,<br />

Josiah AV. Hollister, James Hollister, by attorney, R. I. Jennings, M. A.<br />

Bradley, S. C. Moss, Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, Moses Farwell, John N. Sloane,<br />

L. S. Beecher, John G. Camp, F. D. Parish, F. S. Wildman, Nathan<br />

Starr, John Wearn, Thomas Neill, Isaac Mills, by attorney, J. A. Mills,<br />

James Foman, Thomas T. White, William Null, Oran Follett, E. S.<br />

Gregg, Burr Higgins, AV. Townsend, L. I>. Johnson, Martin Ellis and I.<br />

Darling.<br />

For a period <strong>of</strong> nearly fifty years this building, though not originally<br />

intended as such, served <strong>the</strong> purposes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county as a hall <strong>of</strong> justice.<br />

Could a record <strong>of</strong> each and every case, civil and criminal, tried and<br />

argued Avithin its AA*I1IS be made, Avhat an interest Avould it create. Here<br />

was tried, convicted and sentenced to be hanged <strong>the</strong> only murderer ever<br />

executed within <strong>the</strong> bounds <strong>of</strong> Erie County. James Evans, a crippled<br />

tailor, Avas <strong>the</strong> man, and <strong>the</strong> sentence <strong>of</strong> death Avas executed upon him<br />

for <strong>the</strong> wilful, deliberate murder <strong>of</strong> John Ritter. Counsellor L. S.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 45<br />

Beecher defended this man, while <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Parish & Sadler were<br />

special prosecutors for <strong>the</strong> people.<br />

Then, again, was <strong>the</strong> famous case <strong>of</strong> Lockwood and o<strong>the</strong>rs against<br />

Wildman and o<strong>the</strong>rs, involving <strong>the</strong> title to <strong>the</strong> lands on which stands<br />

<strong>the</strong> city <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. This was, perhaps, <strong>the</strong> most important civil case<br />

ever tried in Erie County. For <strong>the</strong> plaintiffs were Counsellors C. L.<br />

Boalt, George Reber and Judge Peter Hitchcock, while <strong>the</strong> defendants'<br />

interests'were guarded by Messrs. Parish & Sadler, L. S. Beecher, Pitt<br />

Cook and o<strong>the</strong>rs. The case AA'as revieAved by <strong>the</strong> Appellate Court in 1844,<br />

and a decree granted for <strong>the</strong> plaintiffs, but <strong>the</strong>re being o<strong>the</strong>r questions<br />

and considerations arising iii <strong>the</strong> case that were not tried and revieAved,<br />

a compromise was effected and <strong>the</strong> case settled notAvithstanding <strong>the</strong><br />

decree <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court sitting en banc.<br />

The old building is gone and not a trace <strong>of</strong> its existence is IIOAV<br />

visible, save only in its past record.<br />

But it Avas not alone <strong>the</strong> courthouse building that engaged <strong>the</strong> attention<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first board <strong>of</strong> county commissioners, as provision had to be<br />

made for a place <strong>of</strong> confinement for <strong>of</strong>fenders; and this Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

things for <strong>the</strong> furnishing <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> proprietors and likewise <strong>the</strong> citizens<br />

wore pledged. For this purpose on <strong>the</strong> 8th day <strong>of</strong> November, 1841,<br />

Isaac Mills, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proprietors, executed his deed <strong>of</strong> conveyance to<br />

<strong>the</strong> county, for jail purposes, a lot on Jackson Street, numbered eighteen.<br />

This deed, hoAvever, was not presented to <strong>the</strong> commissioners until <strong>the</strong><br />

21st <strong>of</strong> January, 1842. On this lot Avas built <strong>the</strong> first county jail. It<br />

was erected at <strong>the</strong> expense, mainly, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn <strong>of</strong> Sandusky,<br />

and Avas accepted by <strong>the</strong> commissioners on. July 2, 1842. This<br />

property Avas sold in 1883 to George BroAvn and Adam Feick for <strong>the</strong><br />

sum <strong>of</strong> $3,400..<br />

At length, as <strong>the</strong> population and Avealth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city increased, it<br />

became necessary that HCAV county buildings should he provided; buildings<br />

more in keeping Avith <strong>the</strong> modern, substantial and elegant structures<br />

<strong>of</strong> various kinds that were <strong>the</strong>n standing around <strong>the</strong> public square and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r business streets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city; such as Avould not only be an ornament<br />

but an honor to <strong>the</strong> county seat and to <strong>the</strong> county. '<br />

The NCAV Courthouse.—The first definite action looking to this end<br />

Avas taken by <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> county commissioners at tlieir meeting held<br />

in January 4, 1871, upon which occasion that body declared <strong>the</strong>ir intention<br />

<strong>of</strong> building a HCAV courthouse on <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old building unless<br />

some o<strong>the</strong>r location be agreed upon; and inviting petitions and remonstrances<br />

regarding <strong>the</strong> matter, to he heard and acted upon on <strong>the</strong> 7th day<br />

<strong>of</strong> March following.<br />

Upon <strong>the</strong> occasion designated <strong>the</strong> board proceeded to examine <strong>the</strong><br />

several communications presented, <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>re Avere five, containing<br />

an aggregate <strong>of</strong> 345 signatures, all in favor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> contemplated erection<br />

and none opposed <strong>the</strong>reto. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se bore <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> sixteen<br />

members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> legal pr<strong>of</strong>ession. From that time <strong>the</strong> various proceedings<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commissioners in <strong>the</strong> matter went rapidly fonvard.

46 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

On June 5, 1871, <strong>the</strong> board adopted <strong>the</strong> plan <strong>of</strong>fered by Myers &<br />

Holmes <strong>of</strong> Cleveland, and made contract with <strong>the</strong>m to furnish plans<br />

and specifications upon which <strong>the</strong> work should be done, and on August<br />

10th plans and specifications were adopted and approved, after examination<br />

by <strong>the</strong> commissioners, clerk, sheriff and probate judge, and <strong>the</strong>y<br />

were paid $1,000 in part payment on contract.<br />

It seems that <strong>the</strong>re Avas some technical error in <strong>the</strong> specifications<br />

and <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board in rejecting all <strong>the</strong> bids was in part on that<br />

account. Fur<strong>the</strong>r than this, about this time <strong>the</strong> disastrous Chicago fire<br />

occurred, and it Avas suggested that this building should be made as near<br />

fire-pro<strong>of</strong> as possible. This would occasion material alterations in <strong>the</strong><br />

plans, and it became necessary that <strong>the</strong> matter should have full consideration.<br />

HoAvever, on <strong>the</strong> 5th <strong>of</strong> December <strong>the</strong> commissioners again<br />

advertised for proposals to build Avhich were opened on <strong>the</strong> 6th <strong>of</strong> February,<br />

1872.<br />

The firm <strong>of</strong> Miller, Fraycr & Sheets <strong>of</strong> Mansfield, Ohio, being <strong>the</strong><br />

loAvest bidders for <strong>the</strong> work, <strong>the</strong> contract was accordingly let to <strong>the</strong>m by<br />

an agreement executed on February 24, 1872. The total cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

building amounted to $142,026.45, including furnishing, added to which<br />

was <strong>the</strong> architect's account, per agreement, $4,361.29.<br />

The building Avas occupied by county <strong>of</strong>ficers on <strong>the</strong> 4th day <strong>of</strong><br />

December, 1874. The imposing structure needs no fur<strong>the</strong>r description.<br />

It stands a lasting monument to <strong>the</strong> liberality and public-spiritedness<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avhole county.<br />

The NeAV Jail.—After <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courthouse, <strong>the</strong>re still<br />

remained ano<strong>the</strong>r county building to be built. Although <strong>of</strong> less proportions<br />

it is none <strong>the</strong> less attractive in appearance and substantially<br />

built. This is <strong>the</strong> neAV stone jail on Adams Street.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 29th <strong>of</strong> March, 1882, <strong>the</strong> commissioners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county entered<br />

into an agreement with Adam Feick & Bro<strong>the</strong>r for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> a<br />

county jail on lot number thirteen on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Adams Street.<br />

The contract called for a tAventy-six-cell jail and sheriff's residence, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> consideration paid <strong>the</strong>m for its construction was $45,750,, It Avas<br />

built within <strong>the</strong> contract, <strong>the</strong>re being no extra work done that made an<br />

additional expense. In addition to <strong>the</strong> original Avork, heating apparatus<br />

was placed in <strong>the</strong> building, which cost something like $1,000 additional.<br />

POPULATION AND TAXES<br />

The population <strong>of</strong> Huron County was, in 18<strong>20</strong>, 6,675; 1830, 13,341;<br />

1840, 23,933; 1850, 26,<strong>20</strong>3; 1860, 29,616; 1870, 28,532.<br />

The population <strong>of</strong> Erie County was, in 1840, 12,599; 1850, 18,568;<br />

1860, 24,474; 1870, 28,188; 1880, 32,640; 1890, 35,462; 1900, 37,650;<br />

1910, 38,287.<br />

As an item <strong>of</strong> historic interest, and as showing <strong>the</strong> comparative<br />

wealth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> townships, <strong>the</strong> following table shoAvs <strong>the</strong> "Total amount<br />

<strong>of</strong> taxes in Huron county in 1821, on personal and village property:"

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Huron Township ^ 25.00<br />

New Jerusalem (town plat) •'(" 71 /2<br />

Milan >..... 54.00<br />

Beatty (town plat) 41.82<br />

Huron (town plat) , 3.10<br />

Vermillion 38.60<br />

Perkins , 38.90<br />

City <strong>of</strong> Sandusky 221.19<br />

Margaretta _.., 18.00<br />

Venice ". ,. 27.<strong>20</strong>i/2<br />

Oxford 70.10t/2<br />

Ridgefield 29.40<br />

Monroe 9.39<br />

Sherman 11.50<br />

Peru 19.85<br />

Macksville 1.90<br />

Greenfield 32.80<br />

Florence 33.90<br />

Clarksfield 11.70<br />

Townsend .9.90<br />

Fitchville 13.60<br />

Black River 32.50<br />

Brownhelm 16.00<br />

Elyria 23.85<br />

Danbury 18.10<br />

Norwalk 56.90<br />

Norwalk (town plat) 62.48<br />

New Haven 33.40<br />

NCAV Haven (town plat) 13.551/2<br />

Lynn 40.80<br />

New London 14.68<br />

Eldridge 31.35<br />

$1,056.25V2<br />

Add to Sandusky City 8.65<br />

East half <strong>of</strong> Venice 13.09<br />

Total amount $1,078.00<br />

Amount <strong>of</strong> deductions, as per return <strong>of</strong> Ezra<br />

Sprague , 304.52<br />

Amount to be paid to treasurer $ 773.48<br />

Total land taxes <strong>of</strong> Huron County in 1821 was. .$7,831,688<br />

Total personal and o<strong>the</strong>r tax .J7JZ3r48"<br />

Grand total tax <strong>of</strong> 1821 ^?7. $8,605,108

CHAPTER IV<br />

FLORENCE TOAVNSHIP<br />

This township Avas first named Jessup, from Ebenezer Jessup, one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original proprietors. It is situated south <strong>of</strong> Verniillion and east<br />

<strong>of</strong> Berlin. It Avas first surveyed in 1807, and afterAvards surveyed into<br />

lots by Jabez Wright in 1809.<br />

The surface is rolling, and <strong>the</strong> soil a sandy loam and clay. Fine<br />

timber formerly grew in abundance, and white oak, ash, walnut, hickory,<br />

beech and maple were obtained here in large quantities. Quarries <strong>of</strong><br />

sandstone have been opened in various parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township, but one<br />

after ano<strong>the</strong>r have been abandoned.<br />

Vermillion River, which has its rise in a little lake <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same name<br />

in Ashland County, passes through this township on its Avay to <strong>the</strong> lake.<br />

There is but one o<strong>the</strong>r water-course in <strong>the</strong> toAvnship: Chapelle Creek,<br />

that rises in ToAvnsend, and entering Florence from Wakeman, a mile<br />

and a quarter east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avest toAvn line, empties into Lake Erie.<br />

Game abounded for many years after <strong>the</strong> settlers came, but <strong>the</strong><br />

larger animals like bears and Avolves belonged more to <strong>the</strong> marshy districts,<br />

and Avere seldom seen. Deer, wild turkeys and small game Avere<br />

plentiful. The first bear Avas killed by tAvo <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best hunters in <strong>the</strong><br />

country, Richard BreAver and Christopher Schaeffer. The latter AA'as.<br />

out with his gun one evening when a bear ran across his path; as he<br />

raised his gun some SHOAV fell on it and obscured <strong>the</strong> sight, and <strong>the</strong> bear<br />

got aAvay. The next morning he obtained <strong>the</strong> assistance <strong>of</strong> BrcAA'er and<br />

tAvo good dogs, and tracked <strong>the</strong> bear into Berlin. Here <strong>the</strong> animaWran<br />

into a log and Avas wounded by BreAver's shot, which Avas <strong>the</strong> signal for<br />

<strong>the</strong> dogs to make <strong>the</strong> attack. They AA'ere worsted, however, and BreAver<br />

grabbed <strong>the</strong> bear by <strong>the</strong> fur and plunged his hatchet into his head. He<br />

was an unusually large one, <strong>the</strong> flesh on his sides measuring six inches.<br />

Schaeffer Avas a famous hunter, and killed more bears than anyone in <strong>the</strong><br />

township. He Avas noted for his success in deer hunting, and is said to<br />

have killed over a thousand. The last season that he hunted he killed<br />

seventy.<br />

The original proprietorship is given in <strong>the</strong> folloAving tables. In <strong>the</strong><br />

left-hand column are <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original Connecticut sufferers<br />

AA'hose claims Avere satisfied in lands <strong>of</strong> this toAvnship, with <strong>the</strong> amount<br />

<strong>of</strong> each one's loss computed in pounds, shillings and pence. In <strong>the</strong><br />

right-hand column are <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> those AVIIO by inheritance or o<strong>the</strong>r-<br />

AA'ise came into possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original claims as adjusted, and to<br />

whom <strong>the</strong> lands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship AA'ere awarded by lot.<br />

48

Original Grantees<br />

Abagail Armour . .<br />

Reuben Coe<br />

Jonathan Coe ....<br />

Humphrey Denton<br />

Isaac Davis<br />

Sylvanus Ferris ...<br />

Josiah Ferris<br />

Moses Ferris<br />

Ezra Finch<br />

Pack Ferris<br />

Charles Green ....<br />

Abel Gould<br />

Joseph Wakeman .<br />

Abigail Hubbel . ..<br />

Jabez Thorp<br />

Charles Green ....<br />

Nathaniel Benedict<br />

John Gregory, Jr..<br />

Benj. Isaac's heirs<br />

Col. Stephen St. John<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 49<br />

FLORENCE, TOWN NU<strong>MB</strong>ER FIVE, RANGE TWENTY<br />

Classification No. 1, Section 1<br />

Am't Loss Am't<br />

£<br />

6<br />

33 16<br />

197<br />

113<br />

167<br />

170<br />

147<br />

197<br />

359<br />

221<br />

400<br />

713<br />

12<br />

16<br />

3<br />

13<br />

18<br />

12<br />

13<br />

11<br />

s<br />

6<br />

d. Classified by £<br />

0 Isaac Bronson 6<br />

4 Isaac Bronson 33<br />

Isaac Bronson 40<br />

Isaac Bronson 73<br />

Isaac Bronson . .._ 15<br />

Jsaac Bronson 42<br />

Isaac Bronson <strong>20</strong><br />

Isaac Bronson 6<br />

Isaac Bronson ......... 86<br />

Isaac Bronson 6<br />

4 Isaac Bronson 4<br />

9 Jessup Wakeman 34<br />

8 Jessup Wakeman ...... 107<br />

4 Jessup Wakeman 176<br />

0 Jessup Wakeman 1<strong>20</strong><br />

4 Isaac Bronson 108<br />

3 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 4(i<br />

0 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr..,.. 176<br />

9 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 90<br />

7 Ebenezer Jossup, Jr 23<br />

footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 1 1,34'4 7<br />

Classed<br />

s. d.<br />

0 0<br />

16 4<br />

10 5<br />

19 10<br />

16 0<br />

14<br />

3<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

11<br />

10<br />

3<br />

13<br />

11<br />

0<br />

3<br />

1 0<br />

6 4<br />

to ioyt<br />

1'<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

6<br />

GVL><br />

8<br />

4<br />

iy.<br />

Classification No. 2, Section 2<br />

Am 't Loss<br />

Am' Classed<br />

Original Gi autoes £ s. d. Classified by £. s. d.<br />

Jabiv. Thorp<br />

. . 147 IS (I Jessup Wakeman 27 13 4 V.<br />

O<br />

Jonathan Darrow .. 254 5 o Jessup Wakeman 254 5<br />

412 15 4 Jessup Wakeman 222 4 1<br />

Col. Stephen St. John. .. 713 6 7 Jessup Wakeman ...... 119 o 5Vt<br />

(i 17 5 Jessup Wakeman 6 17 5<br />

Timothy Whitney<br />

17 6 Jessup Wakeman<br />

17 6<br />

Q • i 9 Jessup Wakeman ...... 2 3 9<br />

Desire Siscat<br />

8 7 6 Jessup Wakeman 8 7 6 "<br />

o 8. (i Jessup Wakeman 2 8 6<br />

Cyrus Bissry<br />

.. 12 16 Jessup Wakeman 12 16 3<br />

Sarah Eveisley ........ .. 26 13 5 Jessup Wakeman <strong>20</strong> 13 5<br />

Stephen G. Thatcher. . ., 13 1 5 Jessup Wakeman 13 I 5<br />

John Kich.'irds<br />

7 6 8 Jessup Wakeman 7 6 8<br />

Gershom Tritchard . . .. . 31 13 1 Jessup Wakeman 31 13 1<br />

Capt. I'hin. Hanford-. .. . 43 14 3 Jessup Wakeman 26 4 3<br />

Ezra Waterhnry ... 11 6 4 Jessup Wakeman 11 6 4<br />

Han'nsih Gregory .'.'... .. 13 3 4 Jessup Wakeman 33 3 4<br />

1 15 8 Jessup Wakeman 1 15 8<br />

1 15 ?, Jessup Wakeman 1 15 2<br />

1 10 8 Jessup Wakeman 1 10 8<br />

2 17 4 Jessup Wakeman • 2 17 4<br />

Betty Jarvis<br />

2 8 6 Jessup Wakeman -...-... 2 8 6<br />

John Eversley .. 11 1 2 Jessup Wakeman . ..

50<br />

Original Grantees<br />

Nathaniel 11 listed ..<br />

William Jacobs<br />

Joshua Knapp ....<br />

Jonathan Knapp ..<br />

Israel Lockwood ..<br />

William LockAvood .<br />

Andrew Mart-hall . .<br />

Caleb Mead<br />

Thomas Mesnard ..<br />

Jesse Mead<br />

Henry Mead<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Am't Loss<br />

£ s. d.<br />

51 4 10<br />

105 4 2<br />

Classified by<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup AVakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup AVakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Am't Classed<br />

£<br />

41<br />

60<br />

125<br />

26<br />

51<br />

18<br />

26<br />

33<br />

6<br />

oo<br />

40<br />

s.<br />

7<br />

0<br />

9<br />

y<br />

4<br />

19<br />

14<br />

17<br />

7<br />

s<br />

8<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 2 1,344 7 0<br />

Classification<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d.<br />

Samuel Squire 412 15 4<br />

Ann Hull 64 16 6<br />

Solomon Sturges 319 3 9<br />

Francis D. SAVords 3 3 6<br />

John AVilson 5 4 0<br />

Hezekiah Sturges 832 8 3<br />

Henry Mead 105 4 2<br />

John Mesnard, Jr<br />

James Moe<br />

Henry Marshall<br />

Angus McCali<br />

Elkana Mend<br />

John Mysnard<br />

Theophilus Peck, Jr<br />

Solomon Purdy<br />

James Phillips<br />

Thomas Bich<br />

Jonathan Baynolds<br />

01i\'er Fairchild<br />

John Parrott<br />

Thos. H. Wakeman 239 6 10<br />

Thomas Fitch's heirs... 415 3 0<br />

Hannah Fitch's heirs... 141 2 7<br />

Stephen and Hooker St.<br />

John 31 1 6<br />

Fountain Smith 158 18 10<br />

Ma<strong>the</strong>w Benedict, Jr.... 218 7 4<br />

Samuel Benedict, Jr 7 16 8<br />

Nathaniel Benedict 4 10 8<br />

Phillip Corbon 10 14 5<br />

Joseph Gun 4 8 8<br />

Benj. Hitchcock 9 14 4<br />

Alexander Stewart .... 5 17 4<br />

Nath'l Taylor, 3d 15 5 0<br />

Ma<strong>the</strong>w Taylor 23 19 6<br />

Preserved Wood 3 9 4<br />

Elijah Wood 2 7 0<br />

No. 3, Section 3<br />

Classified by<br />

Jessup AVakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup AA'akeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup AA'akeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Isaac Bronson .<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer 'Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

'Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr<br />

d.<br />

5<br />

0<br />

3<br />

7<br />

10<br />

2<br />

3<br />

7<br />

6<br />

5<br />

2<br />

Am't Classed<br />

£ s. d.<br />

190<br />

64<br />

39<br />

3<br />

5<br />

<strong>20</strong>0<br />

64<br />

6<br />

32<br />

35<br />

13<br />

7<br />

14<br />

50<br />

83<br />

<strong>20</strong><br />

45<br />

18<br />

8<br />

86<br />

17<br />

6<br />

13<br />

4 0 0<br />

105 15 10<br />

60 0<br />

7 16<br />

4 10<br />

7 0<br />

2 10<br />

4<br />

4<br />

0<br />

12<br />

3<br />

2

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 51<br />

Am't Loss Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Willis 3 4 4 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 3 9 4<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Benedict 176 16 5 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 0 16 0<br />

Daniel Hickok 6 4 3 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 3 0 0<br />

Ebenezer Haytt 76 15 6 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 76 15 6<br />

Daniel Haytt 9 0 6 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 6 9 1114<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 3 1,344 7 0<br />

Classification No. 4, Section 4<br />

Am't Loss Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Daniel Haytt or David<br />

Haytt 9 0 6 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 2 10 6%<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, tAvo<br />

rights 286 0 9 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr.... 286 0 9<br />

Jabez Ilubbel 32 16 9 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 17 17 3<br />

Enoch Benedict 8-1 1 8 Ebenezer Jessup, Jr 29 13 2%<br />

Hezekiah Sturges 532 8 3 Jessup Wakeman 36 3 2y2<br />

Elijah Abel 719 4 4 Jessup Wakeman 467 19 5<br />

Jessup Wakeman 239 6 10 Isaac Bronson 221 13 0'/a<br />

John Perry 6 17 0 Isaac Bronson -i. 6 17 0<br />

Aaron Jennings 100 0 0 Isaac Bronson 100 0 0<br />

Nathan Beers 145 1 0 Isaac Bronson 175 12 7<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 4 1,344 7 0<br />

Florence Avas organized as an independent toAvnship April 7, 1817.<br />

The first election for township <strong>of</strong>ficers Avas held at <strong>the</strong> log schoolhouse<br />

one mile south <strong>of</strong> Florence Corners. The number <strong>of</strong> votes polled was<br />

seventeen.<br />

The first settlement was made by Ezra Sprague and family, in May,<br />

1809. They came to <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron River by water, and <strong>the</strong>n<br />

went to Florence through an unbroken wilderness. Mr. Sprague was<br />

<strong>the</strong> first justj.ee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace in <strong>the</strong> township, and afterwards held <strong>the</strong><br />

position <strong>of</strong> associate judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Common Pleas Court. He died in<br />

1856, survived by only two <strong>of</strong> his seven children.<br />

Although <strong>the</strong> pioneers never actually starved, yet <strong>the</strong>y were compelled<br />

to live in <strong>the</strong> plainest manner. Hominy, potatoes and milk were<br />

<strong>the</strong> only articles <strong>of</strong> food <strong>the</strong>y had for weeks at a time. They ga<strong>the</strong>red<br />

wild onions on <strong>the</strong> river bottoms, and o<strong>the</strong>r hardy and edible vegetables<br />

were also to be found. All kinds <strong>of</strong> provisions were high during <strong>the</strong><br />

early years. Pork sold for $<strong>20</strong> per barrel, flour for $16, tea $2.50 per<br />

pound, and salt $10 per barrel. Joab Squire once carried <strong>20</strong>0 pounds<br />

<strong>of</strong> maple sugar to Sandusky, which he exchanged for two barrels <strong>of</strong> salt;<br />

<strong>the</strong> trip requiring three days. At ano<strong>the</strong>r time he went to Huron and<br />

bought twenty-five pounds <strong>of</strong> bacon at 25 cents per pound, and lugged<br />

it home on his back.<br />

There was scarcely any money in circulation, and trade was principally<br />

by barter. The first specie currency which circulated in Flor-

52 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

ence was what was called "cut money." A silver dollar was cut into<br />

ten or twelve pieces that passed for shillings. The first paper money<br />

that <strong>the</strong> settlers were unfortunate enough to possess was <strong>the</strong> notes <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Owl Creek Bank, in denominations <strong>of</strong> 6%, 12y2, 37y2, and 50 cents.<br />

The bank failed, and those who held its money recovered nothing.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812 <strong>the</strong> settlers were in almost constant fear <strong>of</strong><br />

massacre by <strong>the</strong> Indians. In 1811 <strong>the</strong>y joined in <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> a block<br />

house. It was used as a dwelling by Mrs. Clark and her family, but<br />

whenever a report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> approach <strong>of</strong> Indians reached <strong>the</strong> settlement <strong>the</strong><br />

settlers would move tlieir families to <strong>the</strong> block house, where <strong>the</strong>y Avould<br />

remain until <strong>the</strong> alarm subsided. On one occasion, while a man was<br />

going Avith his family to <strong>the</strong> block house, a young man was sent some<br />

distance ahead to keep a lookout for Indians. When within half a mile<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bloc'k house <strong>the</strong> report <strong>of</strong> a gun was heard, and <strong>the</strong> young man<br />

came running back with <strong>the</strong> intelligence that he had seen two Indians,<br />

one <strong>of</strong> whom shot at him, at <strong>the</strong> same time showing a bullet hole in his<br />

coat. The alarm spread rapidly, and all <strong>the</strong> inhabitants collected at <strong>the</strong><br />

block house, and made every preparation <strong>the</strong>y could for an attack which,<br />

<strong>the</strong>y expected, would be made that night. The women and children were<br />

sent into <strong>the</strong> room above while <strong>the</strong> men with guns, pitchforks and clubs,<br />

awaited below <strong>the</strong> expected assault. During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> alarm was<br />

given by <strong>the</strong> occupants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second story that Indians with fire-brands<br />

Avere approaching. No one in <strong>the</strong> house showed any disposition to sleep,<br />

except <strong>the</strong> individual Avhose coat had been pierced by a bullet <strong>the</strong> evening<br />

before. As <strong>the</strong> morning dawned it also began to dawn upon <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

minds that <strong>the</strong>y were <strong>the</strong> victims <strong>of</strong> a cruel hoax, aitff that <strong>the</strong> said<br />

individual had shot <strong>the</strong> bullet through his coat himself, to give <strong>the</strong><br />

appearance <strong>of</strong> credibility to his story. The "fire-brands" were sparks<br />

and cinders carried by <strong>the</strong> wind from a burning log heap. What <strong>the</strong>y<br />

did to <strong>the</strong> joker is not recorded.<br />

The first birth in <strong>the</strong> toAvnship AVIIS that <strong>of</strong> Caroline, daughter <strong>of</strong><br />

Ezra Sprague, May 13, 1810. She became <strong>the</strong> wife <strong>of</strong> II. F. Merry,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky.<br />

The first marriage was that <strong>of</strong> Thomas Starr and Clementina Clark.<br />

They were married in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1814 by Esquire Abijah Comstock.<br />

The ceremony took place at <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bride's mo<strong>the</strong>r, in <strong>the</strong><br />

old block house. It is said that everybody in <strong>the</strong> township attended, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> house Avas not croAvded ei<strong>the</strong>r. The next couple married Avas John<br />

Brooks, Jr., and Adaline Squire. They were married by Rev. Nathan<br />

Smith, <strong>the</strong> first minister in <strong>the</strong> place'. The date is lost in obscurity;<br />

probably in 1815 or 1816.<br />

The first person that died in <strong>the</strong> township -was <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Judge<br />

Meeker, <strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> which is not knoAvn. She was buried on <strong>the</strong> bank<br />

<strong>of</strong> Chapelle Creek.<br />

The first burying ground was on Uriah Hawley's place, where he<br />

buried his wife, in 1818. Ten or fifteen persons were subsequently<br />

buried <strong>the</strong>re, but as <strong>the</strong>re was no road leading to <strong>the</strong> ground, ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />

burying place was selected and <strong>the</strong> bodies removed to it in 1825.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 53<br />

The first blacksmith shop was started by a man named Wolverton.<br />

lie fastened his anvil on a stump and rigged liis bellows between two<br />

trees. It is claimed that this is <strong>the</strong> origin <strong>of</strong> a story that has been told<br />

all over <strong>the</strong> West. A traveler, riding along <strong>the</strong> wilderness road, lost a<br />

shoe from one <strong>of</strong> his horse's feet. He inquired <strong>of</strong> a man he met for a<br />

blacksmith shop. "Stranger," replied <strong>the</strong> man, ."you're in it now; but<br />

it is three miles to <strong>the</strong> anvil."<br />

The first schoolhouse was built at Sprague's corners, on land oAvned<br />

by John Brooks. The first teacher was Ruth Squire, and <strong>the</strong> school<br />

Avas supported by subscription; <strong>the</strong> parents paying in proportion to <strong>the</strong><br />

number <strong>of</strong> children sent. This schoolhouse Avas aftenvard taken down<br />

and rebuilt on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road. The .second schoolhouse was<br />

built half a mile west <strong>of</strong> Birmingham, and <strong>the</strong> school first taught by<br />

Rhoda Root. . A certain individual objected to her custom <strong>of</strong> opening<br />

<strong>the</strong> school with prayer, so that a school meeting Avas called to consider<br />

<strong>the</strong> matter. The teacher was sustained.<br />

JOB FISH<br />

As a teacher no man has exercised a larger influence on <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong><br />

Krie County than Job Fish, who in his eighty-eighth year is enjoying<br />

life quietly in his comfortable home in Florence ToAvnship. Hundreds<br />

<strong>of</strong> men and women find a special pleasure in referring to that portion<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir school days spent under <strong>the</strong> instruction <strong>of</strong> this venerable teacher.<br />

Tn <strong>the</strong> biographies <strong>of</strong> Erie County citizens found in this work, repeated<br />

^reference is made to Job Fish's school; and <strong>the</strong> subjects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

biographies have taken particular pride in referring to that important<br />

influence in <strong>the</strong>ir early lives.<br />

Job Fish, son <strong>of</strong> Elias Hicks Fish and Betsey Van Wagner, was born<br />

March 17. 1828, in llartland Township, Niagara County, NCAV York.<br />

lie traces his ancestry back through Elias, Job, Joshua, Thomas, Preserved<br />

and Thomas—all Quakers—to that Thomas Fish who was living<br />

in Portsmouth. Rhode Island, in 1643.<br />

In 1836 Elias Hicks Fish moved with his family to Auburn Township,<br />

Geauga County, Ohio, where Job attended <strong>the</strong> district school winters from<br />

1836 to 1844. Good fortune gave him, among his teachers, Joseph W.<br />

Cray, later founder and editor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cleveland Plain Dealer, and his<br />

older bro<strong>the</strong>r, Charles Lounsbury Fish, who became an eminent admiralty<br />

laAvyer <strong>of</strong> Cleveland. In <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1843, at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> fifteen, he<br />

made two round trips on <strong>the</strong> Erie Canal between Buffalo and Albany as<br />

driver on <strong>the</strong> towpath. He attended <strong>the</strong> Western Reserve Seminary at<br />

Chester, Geauga County, in 1845 and in 1846; and Doctor Lord's School,<br />

at Kirtland, Lake County, in 1846 and 1847. He studied law in his<br />

bro<strong>the</strong>r Charles' <strong>of</strong>fice in Cleveland during <strong>the</strong> summers <strong>of</strong> 1850 and 1851.<br />

From 1S48 to 1854 he contributed numerous articles to neAVspapers <strong>of</strong><br />

Cleveland. Buffalo and Columbus. At <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> seventeen he organized<br />

a debating school in his OAVII district and took an active part in its proceedings.<br />

Its membership soon included middle-aged men, some <strong>of</strong> AA'hom,.<br />

including Oliver Brown, a half-bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> John BroAvn, <strong>the</strong> martyr, Avere<br />

from outside districts. From his youth to <strong>the</strong> present day Mr. Fish has

54 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

been a diligent student and a great reader. For example, he learned to<br />

read French, German,»Spaiiish and Dutch after his fiftieth year—<strong>the</strong><br />

last after his eightieth—and he is almost as familiar with <strong>the</strong> best literature<br />

<strong>of</strong> France and Germany us with that <strong>of</strong> his mo<strong>the</strong>r tongue.<br />

Jon FISH'S SCHOOLS<br />

Years Schools and Locations<br />

1845-48. Auburn Township, Geauga County, Ohio.<br />

1849-51. Select School, Auburn Center.<br />

1851-52. Geauga High School, Chardou.<br />

1852-53. Select School, Auburn Corners.<br />

1853-54. Geauga High School, Chardou.<br />

1854-55. Potato Hill, Berlin Township, Erie County.<br />

1855-59. Berlin Academy, Berlin Heights.<br />

1859-61. Berlin Heights High School.<br />

1861-62. Select School, Birmingham, Erie County.<br />

1863-64. Select School, Berlin Heights.<br />

1865-80. Berlin Heights High School.<br />

1880-81. Select School, Florence Township, Erie County.<br />

1881-83. Berlin Heights High School.<br />

1883-98. Florence High School.<br />

In 1848-49 Mr. Fish gave lectures and addresses in various places in<br />

Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio. In 1852 bis parents moved from Auburn to Florence<br />

Township, and this led him 1o come, in 1854, to Erie County, where all<br />

his subsequent teaching AA'as done. In 1862-63 ill health prevented his<br />

teaching, and in 1864-65 he Avas on a farm in Burr Oak. Michigan,<br />

whi<strong>the</strong>r his parents had moved in 1864.<br />

Mr. Fish also conducted a "Teachers' Class" for I he training <strong>of</strong><br />

teachers. Each session <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Teachers' Class continued for tAA-o weeks.<br />

The years and places <strong>of</strong> holding <strong>the</strong> sessions are given beloAV:<br />

JOB FISH'S "TEACHERS' CLASSES"<br />

Time Place<br />

1859. Spring. Berlin Heights.<br />

1859. Fall. Berlin Heights.<br />

1860. Spring and fall. Huron.<br />

1861. Spring. Huron.<br />

1861. Fall. Huron.<br />

1S62. Spring. Birmingham.<br />

1862. Fall. Berlin Heights.<br />

1863. Fall. Berlin Heights.<br />

1864. Spring. Berlin Heights.<br />

1866-80. Berlin Heights.<br />

Mr. Fish Avas engaged as instructor in several county teachers' institutes,<br />

as folloAvs: One held at Chardou in 1851, tAvo at Berlin Heights.<br />

one at Sandusky, one at Vermilion and four at Milan. He also served<br />

as county examiner <strong>of</strong> teachers in Geauga County in 1851-54, and in<br />

Erie County in 1857-64 and 1881-91.<br />

Mr. Fish's pupils came not only from every toAvnship in <strong>the</strong> county,

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 55<br />

but also from adjoining and distant counties. It AA'as frequently <strong>the</strong><br />

case that his pupils from a distance outnumbered <strong>the</strong> resident pupils.<br />

TAVO <strong>of</strong> Mr. Fish's pupils have written some impressions <strong>of</strong> Mr. Fish<br />

and his leaching which are given IICIOAV:<br />

"Ilis aim from <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> his teaching to <strong>the</strong> end AA'as to<br />

develop his pupils' minds. He forced nothing, but only furnished<br />

exercise for <strong>the</strong> pupils' mental faculties; from <strong>the</strong> first he saAV that<br />

<strong>the</strong> brain like <strong>the</strong> body loves and demands exercise, and it is a fact that<br />

his students Avere as intent on <strong>the</strong> inspiring exercises in <strong>the</strong> school room<br />

as <strong>the</strong>y Avere on <strong>the</strong> games out <strong>of</strong> doors. In his youth he Avas an<br />

athlete; he joined his scholars ouldoors and in, and a Avintcr in his<br />

school Avas one continuous merry-making. It is no Avonder that <strong>the</strong><br />

children in <strong>the</strong> loAver schools looked fonvard to <strong>the</strong> great day when<br />

<strong>the</strong>y could attend his school, nor that youths from a distance were<br />

happy and content with any plan which Avould place <strong>the</strong>m among his<br />

pupils. And <strong>the</strong> best part <strong>of</strong> it Avas that Avhat <strong>the</strong>y found in <strong>the</strong> school<br />

AVIIS better and more Avonderful than <strong>the</strong>ir anticipations.<br />

"Certainly he had every qualification for a teacher. He Avas a<br />

natural-born ma<strong>the</strong>matician, and if he had had no o<strong>the</strong>r gifts, he Avould,<br />

by devoting himself to ma<strong>the</strong>matics, have risen to a high place. He<br />

had a still greater gift in language, not in mere words <strong>of</strong> which he<br />

had all, but in <strong>the</strong> language that is true and fitting; and he had a still<br />

greater gift in philosophy, and not in that visionary philosophy <strong>of</strong> which<br />

<strong>the</strong>re are as many kinds as <strong>the</strong>re are visionary philosophers, but in<br />

1 lie philosophy <strong>of</strong> reality <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>re is but one kind in <strong>the</strong> universe.<br />

I>ut beyond <strong>the</strong>se gifts, he was a lover <strong>of</strong> everything beautiful in<br />

nature, art, .literature, lie was deeply moved by music, and if he has<br />

admired and studied men who were great in o<strong>the</strong>r things he has gone<br />

through life as if hand in hand with <strong>the</strong> great poets.<br />

"It seems sometimes a pity that his work could not have had a wider<br />

field, that he could not have directed an educational system to cover<br />

a great territory, but Antonius Stradivari Avas not at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> a<br />

factory, but made his violins with his OAVH hands. There are hvo o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

gifts that he has ahvays had in <strong>the</strong> highest degree: one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m is<br />

memory, such a memory as people had when <strong>the</strong>re Avas no printing and<br />

<strong>the</strong>y had to remember. To this day he Avill easily tell you <strong>the</strong> names,<br />

<strong>the</strong> surnames, <strong>the</strong> given names and <strong>the</strong> nicknames <strong>of</strong> nearly every one<br />

<strong>of</strong> his scholars—from 1845 to 1898. He will tell you as if <strong>the</strong> school<br />

<strong>the</strong>y al tended Avere only out for evening—yes, as if it Avere only out<br />

for noon. The o<strong>the</strong>r gift Avas humor and love <strong>of</strong> Avit and humor, and<br />

Avith this went and still goes <strong>the</strong> grandest, biggest, most contagious laugh<br />

that ever made a merry Avorld. No wonder that so complete a human<br />

being took <strong>the</strong> fullest interest in all o<strong>the</strong>r human beings."<br />

"Ilis aim, from his first school to his last, Avas to develop his pupils<br />

capacities for thinking, ra<strong>the</strong>r than to burden <strong>the</strong>ir minds Avith mere<br />

information. Owing to his wide and thorough knOAA'ledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subjeels<br />

which he taught, and a facility <strong>of</strong> diction which enabled him to choose<br />

his words with precision, his expositions to his pupils were both clear<br />

and luminous. His extensive reading and <strong>the</strong> habit <strong>of</strong> thinking on Avhat

56 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

he read, coupled Avith an exceptionally retentive memory, enabled him to<br />

enliven and enrich his leaching with a Avealth <strong>of</strong> allusion and illustration.<br />

All his life his greatest interest has been in human beings. Ilis heart<br />

Avent out to each and every one <strong>of</strong> bis pupils; and |o manifestly genuine<br />

Avas his desire to help <strong>the</strong>m make <strong>the</strong> most, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>mselves that all <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

natural timidity and reserve vanished before-him, and <strong>the</strong>y freely and<br />

unconsciously unfolded to him tbvir belter natures Avhich Avere Ihus in<br />

<strong>the</strong> most favorable condition for development. By his comments on <strong>the</strong><br />

lives <strong>of</strong> great men Avhose characters he opportunely portrayed, and by<br />

his uniform impartiality, slraightforAvardness and friendliness tOAvard<br />

his pupils, without regard to <strong>the</strong>ir characters or aptitudes, he gave to<br />

high principles <strong>of</strong> conduct in life such alluring aspect that every pupil<br />

felt impelled to adopt <strong>the</strong>m. Without punishment, threat, preaching, or<br />

exhortation, Mr. Fish made his school room <strong>the</strong> scene <strong>of</strong> diligence in<br />

study and alertness in recitation. Great numbers <strong>of</strong> his pupils gave him<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir affection; and many <strong>the</strong>n and in after life opened <strong>the</strong>ir minds to<br />

him more fully than to <strong>the</strong>ir parents, making him <strong>the</strong>ir confidant, and<br />

counselor."<br />

Although Mr. Fish retired from teaching seventeen years ago. tokens<br />

<strong>of</strong> reverent, regard and affection continue to pour in upon him in an<br />

undiminished stream from old pupils near and far. and from <strong>the</strong> friends.<br />

relatives and descendants <strong>of</strong> pupils.<br />

On May 2, 1853, in Auburn, Job Fish was married to Anne Elizabeth<br />

Peabody. She Avas <strong>the</strong> eldest child <strong>of</strong> (icorge Alvin Peabody and Ann<br />

Spencer. Her ancestry is given in <strong>the</strong> BoAA'ler Genealogy and in <strong>the</strong><br />

Peabody Genealogy. She Avas born in NeAvport, Rhode Tsland. August<br />

8, 1834. She came Avith her parents in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1847 to Auburn,<br />

Geauga County, Ohio, AA'here <strong>the</strong>y settled. She Avas sent to (he Geauga<br />

High School at, Chardou. Among her teachers <strong>the</strong>re, Avere Alfr"d IIolbrook<br />

and Thomas W. Harvey.<br />

In 1851 she returned to Newport. Rhode Island. Avhere she remained<br />

until her marriage, <strong>the</strong> greater part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time with her grandparents.<br />

Nature endoAved Mr. Fish with talents <strong>of</strong> high order, and lie never<br />

shoAved <strong>the</strong>se more (dearly than in choosing Anne Elizabeth Peabody for<br />

his life companion. She was distinguished for good cheer, amiability<br />

and gentleness; for kindness, unselfishness and generosity: for industry.<br />

painstaking and deftness: for calmness, self-possession and force <strong>of</strong> character;<br />

for intelligence, nice discernment and sound judgment: and for<br />

high ideals <strong>of</strong> justice, truth and beauty. It was, <strong>the</strong>refore, only ualural<br />

that she should be idolized by her family, to whom she was wholly devoted.<br />

She continued to share fully <strong>the</strong>ir interests after <strong>the</strong>y had left home, for<br />

college, and after <strong>the</strong>y had entered upon <strong>the</strong>ir chosen vocal ions. She<br />

died April 5, 1904, at <strong>the</strong>ir home in Florence, AA'here <strong>the</strong>y had lived since<br />

1873. She is buried at Auburn Center, in Geauga County.<br />

THE CIIH.DREN OF Jon AND ANNE ELIZABETH FISH<br />

Fletcher, eldest child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth Fish. Avas born February<br />

15, 1854; died August 29. 1854.<br />

Florence, second child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth Fish, AVMS born

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 57<br />

July 12, 1855, in Florence ToAvnship. She taught for several years;<br />

later spent three years at Oberlin College; and after some fur<strong>the</strong>r time<br />

spent in teaching in a small college at Galesville, Wisconsin, attended<br />

<strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, from which she was graduated in 1897.<br />

Since that time she has been pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> English in <strong>the</strong> Western College<br />

for Women at Oxford, Ohio.<br />

Williston, third child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth Fish, Avas born at<br />

Berlin Heights, January 15, 1858. In 1877 he was appointed to a cadetship<br />

in <strong>the</strong> United States Military Academy at West Point. Avhere he AVIIS<br />

graduated in 1881. As second lieutenant in <strong>the</strong> artillery he servedjAvith<br />

<strong>the</strong> army in <strong>the</strong> East and in <strong>the</strong> West. He resigned his commission in<br />

1887 and went into business. He was admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar in 1897.<br />

His home was for many years in Chicago, Avhere he is best knoAvn for<br />

his important connections with <strong>the</strong> city traction interests. He Avas<br />

assistant to <strong>the</strong> president and attorney for <strong>the</strong> South Chicago City Railway<br />

Company from 1892 to 1899, and With <strong>the</strong> Chicago Union Traction<br />

Company from 1899 to 1908. From 1908 to 1912 he AVIIS assistant to<br />

<strong>the</strong> president, and in 1912 became vice president and general manager<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chicago Railways Company. He became vice president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

West Penn Traction Company, with <strong>of</strong>fices in Pittsburgh, in 1914,<br />

and so continues. Outside <strong>of</strong> Chicago and Pittsburgh his name is<br />

most familiarly associated with literary authorship. Had he never<br />

written anything but "A Last Will," which has been published and<br />

republished in many forms and editions, his fame as an author Avould<br />

probably still be recognized as long as <strong>the</strong> English language is read;<br />

but he has also contributed a large amount <strong>of</strong> prose and verse to magazines,<br />

and is author <strong>of</strong> a book called "Short Rations," a collection <strong>of</strong><br />

short stories <strong>of</strong> army life, published in 1900. He Avas married September<br />

22, 1881, to Mary Gertrude, daughter <strong>of</strong> Dwight Foster and Frances<br />

Norris Cameron <strong>of</strong> Chicago. They had five children: Cameron (born<br />

July 31, 1884), AVIIO is a graduate /<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> law department <strong>of</strong> Northwestern<br />

University, and a lawyer in Chicago; Alexander Hamilton.<br />

born September 17, 1885, died July 25. 1886; Gertrude Cameron (born<br />

August. 30, 1888). a graduate.<strong>of</strong> llie University <strong>of</strong> Chicago; Josephine<br />

(born June 26, 1890), AVIIO is a student in music and a talented violinist;<br />

and Margaret, born January 15. 1892, died May 7, 1892.<br />

Josephine L„ <strong>the</strong> fourth child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth Fish. Avas<br />

born in Berlin Heights. January 15, 1858. She graduated at Oberlin<br />

College Avith high honors, and for several years taught Greek and<br />

Latin in Hie high school at Greenville, Michigan, and later gave private<br />

instruction in <strong>the</strong> classics. She is IIOAV and has been for some years<br />

connected with <strong>the</strong> public charities in Cleveland.<br />

Nicholas, fifth child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth Fish. Avas born March<br />

1, 1861: died March 23. 1861.<br />

Matilda, sixth child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth Fish, AV-as born March<br />

1,1861; died March 29, 1861.<br />

Mary Sophia, seventh child <strong>of</strong> Job and. Anne Elizabeth Fish, Avas<br />

born April 21,1863, in Berlin Heights. She Avas graduated from Oberlin<br />

College in 1886; taught one year in Kinsman, Ohio; tAvo years in Ilollidaysburg,<br />

Pennsylvania, in a private school, and in 1892 she Avent to <strong>the</strong>

58 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Walnut Lane Preparatory School for Girls in Gerinantown, Pennsylvania,<br />

Avhere she taught liia<strong>the</strong>niathics and science until 1907. She <strong>the</strong>n<br />

became connected Avilh <strong>the</strong> Stevens' School at <strong>the</strong> same place. In 1909<br />

she left educational Avork to be with her fa<strong>the</strong>r.<br />

Job, Jr.. eighth child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth Fish, Avas born in<br />

Colon, St. Joseph County, .Michigan, May 2, 1867. On graduating at<br />

Oberlin College in 1888, AA'here he distinguished himself in <strong>the</strong> classics<br />

and in athletics, he at once took a position witli <strong>the</strong> Crane Elevator<br />

Company <strong>of</strong> Chicago; and Avhen that concern Avas consolidated Avith <strong>the</strong><br />

Otis Elevator Company he Avas made superintendent <strong>of</strong> Hie larger concern.<br />

For a number <strong>of</strong> years he has been manager <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company's<br />

Avorks at different places, and is IIOAV located at Buffalo. He married,<br />

September 18, 1890, Ruth B. Hall, daughter <strong>of</strong> Judge Theodore and Lucy<br />

M. Pierce Hall <strong>of</strong> Ashtabula, Ohio. Their only child, Julian Lounsbury<br />

(born January 13, 1893. in Ashtabula), Avas graduated in 1915 from <strong>the</strong><br />

University <strong>of</strong> Illinois, among 1 lit* first in his class.<br />

John Charles Lounsbury. ninlh child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth<br />

Fish, Avas born June 3, 1870. in ToAvnsend ToAvnship, Huron County,<br />

Ohio. He attended <strong>the</strong> Oberlin Preparatory School in <strong>the</strong> Avinler and<br />

spring <strong>of</strong> 1886; Avas assistant 1o <strong>the</strong> city civil engineer <strong>of</strong> Sandusky.<br />

1886-88, and assistant engineer on location and const ruction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> railroad<br />

from Sandusky to Bellevue (IIOAV part ol* <strong>the</strong> Pennsylvania Railroad<br />

system) in 1891. He was graduated from <strong>the</strong> department <strong>of</strong> civil engineering<br />

<strong>of</strong> Cornell University in 1892, and served as instructor in <strong>the</strong><br />

department 1892-93. At, Stanford University, in California, he Avas<br />

assistant pr<strong>of</strong>essor, 1893-98; associate pr<strong>of</strong>essor, 1898-1909, and has<br />

been pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> railroad engineering since 1909. He Avas resident<br />

engineer. 1905-07, and division engineer, 1907-09. on <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore and<br />

Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Raihvay (IIOAV NCAV York Central Railroad—line<br />

Avest <strong>of</strong> Buffalo) on construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> railroad from Franklin 1o Brookville,<br />

Pennsylvania. He is author <strong>of</strong> "EartliAvork Haul and Overhaul,"<br />

"Engineering Economies." and a number <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r books and <strong>of</strong> papers<br />

and articles on pr<strong>of</strong>essional subjects. He is a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American<br />

Society <strong>of</strong> Civil Engineers and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Raihvay Engineering<br />

Association. lie has been president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> health or health<br />

commissioner <strong>of</strong> Palo Alio, California, since 1901. He Avas married at<br />

Laporte, Indiana. July 31. 1894, to Ethchvyn R. Slaght, daughter <strong>of</strong><br />

Nathaniel and Frances Wallace Slaght <strong>of</strong> Greenville. Michigan. Their<br />

children are: Job (born at Palo Alto, October 9, 1895. died at Corsica,<br />

Pennsylvania. November 6, 1907) ; Lounsbury Slaght (born at San Francisco.<br />

December 30. 1899) : and Frances Cecilia (born at San Francisco.<br />

February 3. 1901).<br />

Anne Elizabeth, tenth child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth Fish. Avas<br />

born October 2. 1S72. in ToAvnsend ToAvnship, Huron Coiuily, Ohio. She<br />

graduated at Oberlin College in 1895, and taught in a private school in<br />

LakeAA'ood. NCAV Jersey. She Avas married June 22, 1899. to Dr. Charles<br />

Francis McClure. who Avas horn April 29, 1872. Their children are: Albert<br />

Nathaniel, born al LaGrange, Illinois, June 17. 1901: Mary Sophia.<br />

born December 23. 1903. They have resided in LaGrange since 1900.<br />

Albert Elias, eleventh and youngest child <strong>of</strong> Job and Anne Elizabeth

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 59<br />

Fish, was born in ToAvnsend Township, Huron County, Ohio, October<br />

2, 1872. lie pursued his later studies in Oberlin and in <strong>the</strong> L'niversify<br />

<strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, and for a number <strong>of</strong> years taught schaol in Florence and<br />

Berlin tOAvnships. He Avas married April 12, 1910\to Anna Sophia,<br />

daughter <strong>of</strong> Boardman Henry Packer and Mary Annie Hanson Packer<br />

<strong>of</strong> Greenville, Michigan, and later <strong>of</strong> Chicago. Tlieir only child, John<br />

Boardman, was born December 29, 1910, in Chicago. They live on <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

fine farm on <strong>the</strong> bluffs overlooking <strong>the</strong> beautiful valley <strong>of</strong>c-<strong>the</strong> Vermilion<br />

River, about one mile south <strong>of</strong> Birmingham, Erie County, Avhere <strong>the</strong>y<br />

are enthusiastically engaged in agriculture and horticulture.<br />

These children, eight <strong>of</strong> tliem^ are college bred. But IIOAV mature<br />

men and Avomen all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong>y knoAv that at <strong>the</strong> old home, under <strong>the</strong><br />

careful training <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir mo<strong>the</strong>r 'when <strong>the</strong>y were children, and later in<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir fa<strong>the</strong>r's school <strong>of</strong> all schools, <strong>the</strong>y received all <strong>the</strong> vital part <strong>of</strong><br />

tlieir training.<br />

The Fish home is <strong>of</strong> some historic interest. It is situated in Florence<br />

Township near <strong>the</strong> western line <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>, and on <strong>the</strong> old State Road Avhich<br />

for a century has been a thoroughfare—in <strong>the</strong> earliest days carrying a<br />

procession <strong>of</strong> settlers' moving Avagons, many <strong>of</strong> which were drawn by<br />

oxen; later <strong>the</strong> regular stage coach shuttling travelers to and fro, and<br />

IIOAV an automobile route betAveen Cleveland and Toledo. The land upon<br />

AA'hich it. is situated was bought in 1824 by James Clark Judson <strong>of</strong> Connecticut,<br />

a mechanic and land surveyor, noted for sound sense, good<br />

heart, industry and rectitude; an excellent companion, a first-rate teller<br />

<strong>of</strong> stories, interspersed ahvays with flashes <strong>of</strong> his OAVH humor, who in 1828<br />

erected on <strong>the</strong> place <strong>the</strong> substantial house greatly in advance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> times<br />

for that locality in its character and furnishings, and set out an apple<br />

orchard Avhich flourished for more than fifty years and disappeared only<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last tree in a summer storm <strong>of</strong> 1915.<br />

Churches <strong>of</strong> various denominations have been founded at different<br />

times. The first religious meetings were held at <strong>the</strong> house <strong>of</strong> Eli S.<br />

Barnum, at Florence Corners, at which itinerant preachers <strong>of</strong>ficiated.<br />

The first church organization Avas <strong>the</strong> Congregational. The meeting<br />

Avas held at <strong>the</strong> Barnum house by a missionary named Loomis. This<br />

society included members from Vermillion, Wakeman and Clarksfield.<br />

The present Congregational Church was organized January 7. 1832, by<br />

a committee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Presbytery <strong>of</strong> Huron, consisting <strong>of</strong> J. B. Bradstreet.<br />

'Xenophon Betts and Samuel Dunton. It had at that time seventeen<br />

members, and Uriah HaAvley was chosqii clerk. A church building, costing<br />

$2,012, was completed in 1842. The lot was donated by Jessup<br />

Wakeman. For several years this church had to depend upon preachers<br />

from neighboring towns. In 1842 Rev. Eldad Barber was called as its<br />

first regular pastor. He remained until 1871, and Avas folloAved by<br />

Hubbard Lawrence, who remained until 1878. Rev. Mr. Hale served<br />

from April until August <strong>of</strong> that year, being succeeded by Mr. Wright.<br />

The First, Congregational Church <strong>of</strong> Birmingham was originally<br />

Presbyterian. It AA'as organized in 1838 by a committee consisting <strong>of</strong><br />

Philo Wells and Xenophon Betts, <strong>of</strong> Vermillion, and Joseph Swift, <strong>of</strong><br />

Henrietta. In 1845 <strong>the</strong> church adopted <strong>the</strong> Congregational form, but<br />

continued under <strong>the</strong> care <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> presbytery until 1874, AA'hen it Avith-

60 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

drew. Eldad Barber was tlf^first preacher. Reverend Messrs. Goodell<br />

and Carlisle followed him, and he in turn succeeded <strong>the</strong>m. The next<br />

preacher AVIIS C. C. Creegan, <strong>of</strong> Wakeman; after a time services Avere<br />

abandoned, and <strong>the</strong> building taken over by <strong>the</strong> Methodist, Episcopal<br />

Society.<br />

The Methodists first held <strong>the</strong>ir meetings in <strong>the</strong> old log schoolhouse<br />

one mile south <strong>of</strong> Florence Corners as early as 1816 or 1817, at Avhich<br />

Rev. Nathan Smith usually <strong>of</strong>ficiated; This denomination has groAvn in<br />

<strong>the</strong> toAvnship, and ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir churches has been organized.<br />

A Baptist Church was organized in 1818 by Rev. John Rigdon, from<br />

Richland County. At <strong>the</strong> same time ano<strong>the</strong>r Baptist Church Avas organized<br />

in Lorain County, and meetings were held in <strong>the</strong> schoolhouse about<br />

a mile east <strong>of</strong> Birmingham. The Baptists from Florence finally united<br />

with <strong>the</strong>se, and in July, 1837, by resolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church <strong>of</strong> Henrietta,<br />

a branch Avas organized at Birmingham consisting <strong>of</strong> nine members.<br />

The society Avas called <strong>the</strong> Henrietta and Birmingham Baptist Church.<br />

Tn May, 1840, this branch organized into an independent church.<br />

For many years a Second Advcntist Church existed at Birmingham<br />

but. no services <strong>of</strong> that denomination have been held for many years.<br />

The Church <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Disciples Avas organized at Birmingham with<br />

forty members in 1845. It prospered and increased its membership to<br />

about seventy Avhen one <strong>of</strong> its preachers became a convert to Mormonism,<br />

and drew aAvay with him about half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number. The same year in<br />

which <strong>the</strong> society was organized a building was erected costing $1,<strong>20</strong>0.<br />

For many years services haA'e been discontinued.<br />

The Evangelical Church Avas organized about 1849, with a membership<br />

<strong>of</strong> about twenty. In 1866 a house <strong>of</strong> worship costing $900 was built.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1809 <strong>the</strong> Ruggles bro<strong>the</strong>rs, in fulfillment <strong>of</strong> a contract<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> proprietors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township, erected a grist mill on flic<br />

Vermillion River, near <strong>the</strong> south toAvnship line. The mill Avas no sooner<br />

put in operation than a sudden freshet SA\ r ept mill, dam and ewrything<br />

aAvay. Tn 1811 <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>rs erected ano<strong>the</strong>r mill on Chapelle Creek,<br />

near <strong>the</strong> north line, which Avas completed <strong>the</strong> next year. They subsequently<br />

added a sawmill. A number <strong>of</strong> years aftei'Avard <strong>the</strong> mills Avere<br />

bought, by Harley Mason, AVIIO also built ano<strong>the</strong>r sawmill on <strong>the</strong> same<br />

stream, a short distance above. The first saAvmill in <strong>the</strong> township Av'as<br />

built by Eli S. Barnum, on Chapelle Creek, in <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1810.<br />

.Ano<strong>the</strong>r sinvmill was built on this creek at an early date by Job Smith.<br />

The first postmaster was Eli S. Barnum, Avith <strong>the</strong> post<strong>of</strong>fice in his<br />

residence at, Florence Corners. Cyrus Butler AVIIS <strong>the</strong> first postmaster<br />

at, Birmingham. The first store AA'as opened at Birmingham by Erastus<br />

Butler, and in 1826 he Avas <strong>the</strong> only trader mentioned in <strong>the</strong> tax reports.<br />

His capital at that time Avas $1,800. " TAVO years later he was joined by<br />

Cyrus Butler, with a capital <strong>of</strong> $500. Cyrus Butler, also, while OAVIKT<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old mills at Birmingham, manufactured bar iron for several years.<br />

The ore was obtained from Vermillion. The mills, AA'ere carried aAvay by<br />

a freshet. In 1829 Ferris & Wood, <strong>of</strong> Florence Corners, were assessed on<br />

$750, J. V. Vredenburg in 1830 on $6Q0, J. L. Wood on $600. and<br />

Charles P. Judson on $700. An ax factory was also located at Birmingham<br />

a short time.

HIGH SCHOOL, VERMILION<br />

MAIN STREET, LOOKING Sorrn. VERMILION

CHAPTER V<br />

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP<br />

This township is named after <strong>the</strong> Vermillion River, which toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Avith La Chapelle and Sugar Creek constitute <strong>the</strong> three streams passing<br />

through <strong>the</strong> township. The soil varies including gravel, clay, sand and<br />

marl. There are some ancient mounds and fortifications and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

traces <strong>of</strong> early Indian occupation. TAVO <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are in <strong>the</strong> south part <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> township on <strong>the</strong> farm owned by John Summers, near <strong>the</strong> Vermillion<br />

River. William Haddy came in 1808, William Austin, George and John<br />

Sherrarts, Enoch Smith and Horatir Perry in 1809, James Cuddebach,<br />

Almon Ruggles. Benjamin Brooks, Solomon Parsons, BarloAV Sturgis,<br />

and Deacon John Beardsley in 1810.<br />

Almon Ruggles, who Avas <strong>the</strong> surA'eyor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firelands, settled on <strong>the</strong><br />

lake shore betAveen <strong>the</strong> Vermillion and Huron rivers. For many years<br />

he acted as hind agent for <strong>the</strong> Firelands Society. When Huron County<br />

AVIIS organized he Avas chosen <strong>the</strong> lirst recorder in 1809. He Avas appointed<br />

associate judge <strong>of</strong> Huron County in 1815, became state senator in 1816,<br />

ami Avas re-el.'eled in ISIS. In 1S24 he AVIIS made representative.<br />

From <strong>the</strong> circumstance that in <strong>the</strong> earliest record extant <strong>the</strong> earmarks<br />

which <strong>the</strong> earliest settlers in Florence and Vermillion tOAvnships<br />

had caused to be recorded, are draAvn <strong>of</strong>f in <strong>the</strong> liandAvriting <strong>of</strong> IlarloAV<br />

Case, stepson <strong>of</strong> Almon Ruggles: and <strong>the</strong>n I'OIIOAV o<strong>the</strong>rs, for Vermillion,<br />

in Ruggles' OAVII hand, as toAvnship clerk, it is probable Judge Ruggles<br />

had been township clerk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tAvo when toge<strong>the</strong>r, and that <strong>the</strong> earliest<br />

records had been made on loose papers, and ,that when <strong>the</strong> record book<br />

was obtained he did not transcribe <strong>the</strong> doings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township board,<br />

but only <strong>the</strong> ear-marks, which were deemed too important to be lost.<br />

Stephen Meeker, Jeremiah Van Benschoter, Peter Cuddebach, John<br />

Beardsley, James Prentiss, William Austin, Almon Ruggles. Rufus<br />

Judson and Francis Keyes, are amongst <strong>the</strong> names most frequently mentioned<br />

in <strong>the</strong> earliest records as holding <strong>the</strong> most important <strong>of</strong>fices.<br />

The first record <strong>of</strong> a township meeting is in <strong>the</strong> handwriting <strong>of</strong> Judge<br />

Ruggles, and Avas held at his residence on <strong>the</strong> 6th day <strong>of</strong> April, 1818,<br />

Avhen Almon Ruggles Avas elected clerk; Peter Cuddebach and Jas.<br />

Prentiss, judges <strong>of</strong> election; Francis Keyes. John Beardsley and Rufus<br />

Judson. trustees: Jeremiah Van Benschoter and Horatio Perry,^overseers<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> poor: Peter Cuddebach and Francis Keyes, fence vieAvers;<br />

Peter Cuddebach, lister and appraiser, and Stephen Meeker, appraiser;<br />

Peter Cuddebach, treasurer: George Sherrarts, Francis Keyes, Wm. Van<br />

Benschoter and James Prentiss, supervisors.<br />

61

62 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The following copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> records will be interesting, as indicating<br />

<strong>the</strong> relative wealth in cattle, horses and houses, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> citizens in 1818,<br />

taken from <strong>the</strong> township records:<br />

TAX LAID ON THE INHABITANTS OF VERMILLION, ACCORDING TO THE<br />

Job (.'. Smith $ 0.30<br />

John Miller 50<br />

(Jurtiss Hard 30<br />

Isaac Ransom 2S<br />

John Beardsley GO<br />

Jonah ISiirtow 10<br />

John Bartow 30<br />

.Mark Summers 1<strong>20</strong><br />

Kli Winton 10<br />

Knock Smith <strong>20</strong><br />

Philo Wells 70<br />

Robert Wells 90<br />

Levi Watt .'10<br />

Almon Keeler 50<br />

(icorge Sherarts 00<br />

Joseph brooks <strong>20</strong><br />

Jonathan Brooks SO<br />

Horatio Perry 70<br />

William Austin 70<br />

James Giiilileback 40<br />

Eunice Sturjjes GO<br />

Josiah Pclton GO<br />

James Prentiss 40<br />

Rufus Judson 80<br />

LIST OF 1818<br />

Solomon Parsons <strong>20</strong><br />

Jesse Ball GO<br />

Almon Unfiles 1.50<br />

Benjamin Hoot 30<br />

Abraham Traxel 30<br />

Samuel Hall 40<br />

Samuel Washburn 70<br />

Stephen Meeker 1.70<br />

Henry Scribner 10<br />

Alexander Duker 90<br />

l-'rancis Keyes GO<br />

Isaac Tillotson 40<br />

Isaac Tillotson, Jr 30<br />

Jeremiah V. Benschoter 70<br />

Henry C'hevoy 70<br />

Wm. \'. Benschoter 40<br />

Ueulien Brooks 10.<br />

Daniel V. Benschoter 50<br />

Martin Judson 40<br />

A'erney Judson 30<br />

Peter Cuddeback 1.10<br />

Amount $23.<strong>20</strong><br />

This also indicates <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> people subject to taxation and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

personal property—as 5 cents here represent one head <strong>of</strong> cattle, and<br />

<strong>20</strong> cents a horse. Meager as it appears, it was as difficult for <strong>the</strong>m to<br />

pay it, and much more so, than for us to pay what we do at this day.<br />

The first log house was built in 1808 on <strong>the</strong> lake shore near <strong>the</strong> mouth<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river by William Haddy. Peter Cuddebach built <strong>the</strong> first frame<br />

house in 1818. In 1821 William Austin built <strong>the</strong> first stone house and<br />

later <strong>the</strong> first brick house was built by Horatio Perry. The first white<br />

child was John Sherrarts, born in 1809. The first marriage was that <strong>of</strong><br />

Bud Martin to Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Sherrarts in 1814. Peter Cuddebach planted<br />

<strong>the</strong> first orchard in 1812. The first death was that <strong>of</strong> a stranger at <strong>the</strong><br />

house <strong>of</strong> Barldw Sturgis, in <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1810-11. John Ruggles was<br />

<strong>the</strong> first postmaster, and <strong>the</strong> mails were carried on foot and a Mr. Leach<br />

was <strong>the</strong> first mail carrier. William Austin opened <strong>the</strong> first hotel. C. P.<br />

Judson was <strong>the</strong> proprietor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first store. A Congregational Church<br />

was <strong>the</strong> first church in <strong>the</strong> township, and was organized in 1818. And<br />

<strong>the</strong> first meeting house was built near <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township in 1828,<br />

and on May 22 Rev. Harvey Lyon was installed as <strong>the</strong> first pastor. The<br />

second church was a Methodist Church organized in 1831. There are<br />

now nine churches in <strong>the</strong> township.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 63<br />

Miss Susan Williams taught <strong>the</strong> first term <strong>of</strong> school in <strong>the</strong> township<br />

in a school built on <strong>the</strong> lake shore in 1814. The school building <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Village <strong>of</strong> Vermillion Avas finished in 1874, and is a handsome brick<br />

structure costing $18,000. It is a graded school <strong>of</strong> three grades<br />

employing four teachers. The first sawmill, was erected by Joe Smith on<br />

LaChapelle Creek in 1819. Formerly <strong>the</strong>re was a large iron industry<br />

in <strong>the</strong> township Avhich has been abandoned.<br />

According to <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> August 9, 1871, <strong>the</strong> following were <strong>the</strong><br />

business enterprises <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village:<br />

Fischer & Company operated a planing mill and sash factory just<br />

started in th" eastern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>-town on <strong>the</strong> Black River'road. Kahres<br />

& Pelton Avere in <strong>the</strong> lumber business. The Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Hotel AA'as run by<br />

n<br />

WEST LAKE STREET, LINWOOD<br />

W. S. Irish, and had just been repainted and an ice cream parlor added<br />

to it. Gay lord & Merrill (who was afterward probate judge) had a<br />

general store and Delker & Englebry were about to move into <strong>the</strong>ir brick<br />

block which had just been built. E. D. DeWitt was <strong>the</strong> jeweler and<br />

Worthington & Sons and 0. A. Leonard were engaged in <strong>the</strong> stone<br />

business.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> writing <strong>of</strong> this article Vermillion is a thriving<br />

village <strong>of</strong> 1,369 population by <strong>the</strong> census <strong>of</strong> 1910. Its mayor is F. W.<br />

Wakefield; clerk, L. C. Blattner; treasurer, L. A. Klaar; marshal, M. L.<br />

Gross; council, D. J. Miller, M. A. Friday, George B. McConnelly, L. H.<br />

McQueen, M. C. Gugenheimer and P. H. Darley. Its board <strong>of</strong> education<br />

consists <strong>of</strong> A. E. Beeckel, G. S. Davis, A. H. Leimbach, Geo. H. Nuhn<br />

and A. C. H<strong>of</strong>richter. Its postmaster is Edward M. Kane. It has two<br />

banks, The Bank <strong>of</strong> Vermillion and <strong>the</strong> Erie County Banking Company.<br />

It has two summer resorts, Shattuck 's Grove and Linwood Park, both <strong>of</strong><br />

which deservedly receive a large patronage.

CHAPTER VI<br />

BERLIN TOWNSHIP<br />

Berlin ToAvnship was originally named Eldridge, from one <strong>of</strong> its<br />

original proprietors, who OAvned about one-half <strong>of</strong> it. Mr. Eldridge is<br />

described as a "pleasant gentleman," but he fell into disrepute with<br />

his neighbors, probably because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hatred which <strong>the</strong> early settler<br />

felt for <strong>the</strong> land speculator. They willingly gave credence to certain<br />

rumors that he had committed forgery in Connecticut to restore his<br />

credit, and were unwilling to perpetuate his name. Mr. Eldridge not<br />

only lost <strong>the</strong> confidence <strong>of</strong> his neighbors, but was actually ruined by<br />

<strong>the</strong> burden <strong>of</strong> taxation on his unimproved lands; improvements at that<br />

time being exempt from taxation.<br />

In 1832 <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship AVIIS changed by <strong>the</strong> commissioners<br />

<strong>of</strong> Huron County, <strong>of</strong> Avhich it was <strong>the</strong>n a part. It Avas just at <strong>the</strong> time<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Milan-Berlin treaty, and Noah Hill suggested that as <strong>the</strong>re Avas a<br />

Milan, Avhy not have a Berlin.<br />

As first surveyed, <strong>the</strong> toAvnship Avas five miles square, but was afterward<br />

enlarged by <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> part <strong>of</strong> Vermillion, giving it a frontage<br />

on <strong>the</strong> lake <strong>of</strong> about tAvo miles and a half, Avhich in those days <strong>of</strong><br />

so much dependence upon Avaler transportation, AVIIS a matter <strong>of</strong> A'cry<br />

great importance.<br />

The surface is level (except Avhere small valleys are formed by <strong>the</strong><br />

streams') from <strong>the</strong> lake to <strong>the</strong> ridge, where it rises from 50 to 100 feet,<br />

and <strong>the</strong>n extends southward as level as before. It is believed by geologists<br />

that this ridge represents what Avas once <strong>the</strong> shore line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake.<br />

It extends through <strong>the</strong> toAvnship from nor<strong>the</strong>ast to sou<strong>the</strong>ast, and in one<br />

place, called <strong>the</strong> "pinnacle," <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bluff is 60 feet above <strong>the</strong><br />

level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake, and its slope presents three distinct terraces or shore<br />

lines, at heights <strong>of</strong> 100. 150 and 195 feet above <strong>the</strong> lake, each indicating<br />

a period <strong>of</strong> subsidence.<br />

Timber AVIIS abundant, and consisted <strong>of</strong> various kinds <strong>of</strong> oak, chestnut<br />

and white wood; <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter, this township has supplied more than<br />

any o<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> firelands. The eastern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn division<br />

was most heavily timbered.<br />

The soil is generally sandy, <strong>the</strong> surface formation being almost exclusively<br />

<strong>of</strong> drift, and in places boulders, <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>of</strong> large size, arc<br />

thickly scaltered, though <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn part is loAver and has a clayey<br />

soil. There were four marshes in <strong>the</strong> township, but <strong>the</strong>se marsh lands<br />

are being reclaimed. Sandstone abounds, and half a dozen quarries have<br />

been opened and worked at different times. From <strong>the</strong>se large quantities<br />

64

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 65<br />

have been shipped, and <strong>the</strong> home market supplied with grindstones and<br />

material for building.<br />

Salt-licks extended parallel with <strong>the</strong> ridge, and were <strong>the</strong> general<br />

resort for. deer. They came in large numbers and wore a path that<br />

aftenvard separated <strong>the</strong> lands <strong>of</strong> Nathan Tuttle and Ezekiel Sayles.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> dry season <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> licks is covered with an efflorescence<br />

<strong>of</strong> salt deposit that is very marked. In <strong>the</strong> early days, when salt<br />

was expensive and difficult to procure, <strong>the</strong> settlers dug a pit, into<br />

which <strong>the</strong>y sank a section <strong>of</strong> a holloAv tree, and took from this reservoir<br />

<strong>the</strong> water from which <strong>the</strong>y made salt. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se salt springs was<br />

considered so valuable by its first proprietor, Fosdick, that for many<br />

years he refused to sell <strong>the</strong> adjacent land. Later, Pr<strong>of</strong>. B. L. Hill and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs made explorations for it, but AA'ere unable to find it, <strong>the</strong> floods <strong>of</strong><br />

spring having swept it away. They found salt water, however, and<br />

proved <strong>the</strong> truth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reports <strong>the</strong>y had received from <strong>the</strong> early settlers.<br />

Traces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mound builders can be found in various places in <strong>the</strong><br />

township. Mr. Henry Hoak, while excavating for a cellar on his farm,<br />

in <strong>the</strong> western part, discovered some fragmentary skeletons. One <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>se, buried in <strong>the</strong> clay sub-soil, and <strong>the</strong>refore better preserved than<br />

those found in <strong>the</strong> sand^had a skull only nineteen inches in circumference,<br />

which would almost indicate idiocy. The under jaAV was extremely<br />

massive, <strong>the</strong> arms <strong>of</strong> unusual length and <strong>the</strong> height less than four feet.<br />

Yet <strong>the</strong> individual evidently was not idiotic, as she had attained an<br />

extreme old age, which <strong>the</strong> idiot savage cannot do. The mound at this<br />

place covers an eighth <strong>of</strong> an acre. The collection <strong>of</strong> Hudson Tuthill<br />

contains a number <strong>of</strong> relics <strong>of</strong> this pre-historic people.<br />

Tn 1852 II. L. Hill plowed up a French hatchet near <strong>the</strong> roots <strong>of</strong> a<br />

large stump. The tree had been cut doAvn over tAventy years before.<br />

It was very large and near <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tree Avere tAvo or three plain<br />

hacks as if made by a hatchet. Outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se hacks could be counted<br />

219 rings, indicating <strong>the</strong> time that had elapsed since <strong>the</strong> marks Avere<br />

made, and bringing <strong>the</strong> date to a time parallel with <strong>the</strong> coming <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

French to settle Canada.<br />

The first settlement \A'as made in 1808 by a party <strong>of</strong> seven adventurers:<br />

John Hoak, John McLaughlin, George Miller, Nathaniel Burdue, Benjamin<br />

Pratt, Richie and Howard. They launched a rude boat at <strong>the</strong> mouth<br />

<strong>of</strong> Walnut Creek, Pennsylvania, loaded it with provisions, fanning tools<br />

and thirty barrels <strong>of</strong> whiskey, and sailed up <strong>the</strong> lake in <strong>the</strong> spring.<br />

Meeting rough wea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y threAV overboard <strong>the</strong> whiskey, and when<br />

<strong>the</strong> storm subsided cruised about and ga<strong>the</strong>red it up again.<br />

When <strong>the</strong>y found <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron <strong>the</strong> sand-bar kept <strong>the</strong>m<br />

from getting ashore, and <strong>the</strong>y Avere obliged to dig a channel for <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

boat from <strong>the</strong> lake to <strong>the</strong> river. They selected a field <strong>of</strong> eighteen acres<br />

<strong>of</strong> land. afterAvards composing <strong>the</strong> Kline and Minuse Farm in Milan<br />

Township, and put in a corn crop. After planting tlieir corn and hoeing<br />

it <strong>the</strong>y left it and returned for <strong>the</strong>ir families, leaving an Indian to guard<br />

it. Tt Avas not until <strong>the</strong> autumn that <strong>the</strong>y appeared again with <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

boat loaded with <strong>the</strong>ir goods, and <strong>the</strong>ir Avomen and children on horse-<br />

Vol. I— 6

66 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

back, escorted by John Hoak's fa<strong>the</strong>r, Henry Hoak. He Avas <strong>the</strong> oldest<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneers, having been born in 1745, and remained here until his<br />

death in his eighty-eighth year.<br />

The majority <strong>of</strong> this party deserted Huron on account <strong>of</strong> its overfloAVS<br />

and settled in Berlin. They found here rich soil and two creeks—<br />

one called <strong>the</strong> Chapelle, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r "The Old Woman's Creek," because<br />

it was said a sqmnv had droAvned in it at an early date. Jt rises in<br />

Huron County and passes through <strong>the</strong> whole length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central portion<br />

<strong>of</strong> this township. Jt has a west branch, and <strong>the</strong> tAvo branches have had<br />

at different times more than half a dozen saAvmills built along tlieir course,<br />

The Chapelle empties into <strong>the</strong> lake in Vermillion. The strangers also<br />

found an abundance <strong>of</strong> Avild game, turkeys, deer and small animals, with<br />

a sprinkling <strong>of</strong> AVOIVCS and bears, sufficient to keep <strong>the</strong>m in a state <strong>of</strong><br />

anxiety, continually. Men who Avorkcd by night at that time did so to<br />

<strong>the</strong> music <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avoh'es that barked on every side. A Mr. Freeman,<br />

who settled in <strong>the</strong> eastern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lOAvnship, bad noticed that his hogs<br />

came to <strong>the</strong> house badly Avounded, and one moonlight night he heard<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m squealing. He seized his gun and ran to <strong>the</strong> rescue. A<br />

large bear was carrying oil" a good sized hog. The hog Avas dead, and<br />

in attempting to carry it over a log <strong>the</strong> bear had slood upon <strong>the</strong> log and<br />

was <strong>the</strong>re shot. Its meat was divided among all Ihe settlers and was<br />

enjoyed as a rare treat, being <strong>the</strong> first <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> kind <strong>the</strong>y had ever tasted.<br />

A thrilling Avolf story is told <strong>of</strong> a boy named Jacob Simpson, who<br />

AA'as left alone at <strong>the</strong> house <strong>of</strong> Mr. Fitzgerald. The boy had nothing to<br />

read, and no company but a dog, so. as <strong>the</strong> evening Avas pleasant he Avent<br />

out <strong>of</strong> doors and sat on a log, hoAvling to imitate a Avolf. The dog joined<br />

in <strong>the</strong> concert, and his voice AA'as even more shrill than <strong>the</strong> boy's. It<br />

AA'as but a short time before <strong>the</strong>y heard a reply from a genuine wolf,<br />

and as <strong>the</strong>y came Hear <strong>the</strong> house <strong>the</strong> boy ran in and tried to coax <strong>the</strong><br />

dog to go with him. It Avas Avorse than vain; <strong>the</strong> dog would not stir,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> pack <strong>of</strong> AVOIVCS surrounded <strong>the</strong> house and attacked <strong>the</strong> dog. This<br />

made <strong>the</strong> dog Avilling to join his master and came to <strong>the</strong> door to be let<br />

in, and so closely Avas he folloAved by <strong>the</strong> AVOIVCS that as Simpson opened<br />

<strong>the</strong> door to let him in he nearly caught a Avolf at <strong>the</strong> same time. He<br />

fastened <strong>the</strong> door and piled fire Avood against it to keep <strong>the</strong>m out. and<br />

succeeded in doing so. The dog Avanted to get out again, but he dared<br />

not let him go among <strong>the</strong>m, and <strong>the</strong>y remained around <strong>the</strong> house a<br />

long time trying to get in.<br />

The first toAvn meeting was held at Thompson's Mill on <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong><br />

April, 1817. The settlers concluded that <strong>the</strong> township needed a government,<br />

and <strong>the</strong>y did not wait for <strong>the</strong> state to supply it, but organized<br />

<strong>the</strong>mselves. Thirteen pioneers, dressed in patched and mended buckskin,<br />

with coon skin caps and faAvn skin vests, met and elected each<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r, each man to an <strong>of</strong>fice, and some had two. The folloAving is <strong>the</strong> list<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers: Trustees, John McLaughlin, Samuel Reed and John Thompson<br />

; clerk, Henry Brady; treasurer, John Hoak: constable, Daniel Butler;<br />

lister and appraiser, Lybeus Storrs; path masters, Christopher Brumbacker<br />

and Thomas Starr; fence vieAvers, John Hoak, Samuel Reed; poor-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 67<br />

masters, Heironymus Mingus and Christopher Brumbacker. The first<br />

act <strong>of</strong> authority on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new government was <strong>the</strong> ordering<br />

<strong>of</strong> a certain Rachel Taylor to "depart <strong>the</strong> township <strong>of</strong> Eldridge."<br />

Whe<strong>the</strong>r she went or where in <strong>the</strong> wilderness she was expected to go<br />

is not stated.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first houses was built by John Hoak in 1910, near <strong>the</strong><br />

western line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship. There were only four white men present<br />

to lift <strong>the</strong> heavy logs, but Silas David, an Indian chief, who was a<br />

frequent visitor to <strong>the</strong> whites, brought his friends to <strong>the</strong> '' raising.'' He<br />

Avould not allow his followers to taste <strong>the</strong> liquor provided until <strong>the</strong> Avork<br />

Avas done, when <strong>the</strong>y drank to <strong>the</strong>ir heart's content. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m<br />

became so drunk that <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs built a pen <strong>of</strong> rails around him and<br />

covered him up, leaving him till <strong>the</strong> next day.<br />

The lirst Avhite settler Avas ei<strong>the</strong>r John Dunbar or a man named<br />

Tillison, who may have preceded him. Mr. Dunbar came from NCAV<br />

Vorlc State in 1809, cleared his land and built a house, and Avas joined<br />

by his^jrolher, Isaac, Avho afterAvards built himself a house near <strong>the</strong><br />

center <strong>of</strong> rl^ toAvnship. In 1810 Perry and Thomas Starr came from<br />

Connecticut to Cleveland in a one-horse Avagon. Thomas Starr AA'as a<br />

blacksmith by trade and used to folloAV <strong>the</strong> business <strong>of</strong> ironing vessels<br />

for <strong>the</strong> lake. Hi; did <strong>the</strong> iron Avork for <strong>the</strong> first decked vessel built this<br />

side <strong>of</strong> Erie, Pennsylvania. It was OAvned by Captain Austin, <strong>of</strong><br />

Vermillion. On his trips to Cleveland to do <strong>the</strong> iron- Avork on <strong>the</strong><br />

vessels Mr. Starr used to carry torches to light <strong>the</strong> Avay and to drive<br />

oil' <strong>the</strong> wolves that hoAvlcd about <strong>the</strong> path. He had eight children, <strong>of</strong><br />

Avhom his eldest son, William Eldridge, is said to have been <strong>the</strong> first<br />

male child born ii^<strong>the</strong> toAvnship.<br />

The Starr bro<strong>the</strong>rs built a mill on land afterward OAvned by L. II.<br />

Hill, and in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year, 1810, built a house on <strong>the</strong>/arm<br />

aftenvard OAvned by J. S. LOAATV. A SIIOAV fell <strong>the</strong> night before <strong>the</strong><br />

raising and it was feared <strong>the</strong> neighbors would not come as <strong>the</strong>y lived<br />

for several miles in every direction; but early in <strong>the</strong> morning "old Mr.<br />

Burdue" Avas on hand Avith a jug <strong>of</strong> Avhiskey. When <strong>the</strong> building was<br />

up <strong>the</strong> whiskey was disposed <strong>of</strong>, as Avas customary with <strong>the</strong> pioneers.<br />

In this building <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>rs kept bachelor's hall for a time. Thomas<br />

served as a militiaman in <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812, from AA'hich he returned,<br />

and in February, 1814, married Clementina Clark, <strong>of</strong> Florence, and<br />

moved to <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township.<br />

S<strong>of</strong>t water was very scarce, and it is told <strong>of</strong> Nathaniel Burdue, "Old<br />

Mr. Burdue," that while living on <strong>the</strong> Huron River he set out one<br />

Sunday Avith a piece <strong>of</strong> soap in his pocket and said he would travel until<br />

he found a spring <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t water, and <strong>the</strong>re he would locate. In <strong>the</strong><br />

afternoon he found a beautiful spring and decided to remain <strong>the</strong>re. Ilis<br />

orchard Avas <strong>the</strong> first in this section to bear, and a schoolhouse being<br />

built near his apple trees <strong>the</strong> old man's life AA-as made miserable by <strong>the</strong><br />

depredations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boys.<br />

The first physician Avas Dr. George G. Baker, who came from Connecticut<br />

in 1822. He did not remain long, but. moved to Florence

68 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

ToAvnship, where he remained for many years, and <strong>the</strong>n moved to<br />

NorAvalk. Ilis practice was large, extending far beyond <strong>the</strong> firelands,<br />

because <strong>of</strong> his unusual success in treating malarial fever, a disease<br />

common in HCAV countries.<br />

In 1811 occurred <strong>the</strong> first birth and <strong>the</strong> first death in <strong>the</strong> toAvnship.<br />

The birth Avas that <strong>of</strong> a daughter <strong>of</strong> Lazarus Young who aftenvards<br />

became Mrs. Millerinan. The death was a horrible tragedy. The wife<br />

<strong>of</strong> John Dunbar had been left insane by a fever, and one day thrtnv<br />

herself iiito <strong>the</strong> fire. Her screams brought Mr. Dunbar to <strong>the</strong> house,<br />

and he pulled her from <strong>the</strong> fire and laid her on <strong>the</strong> bed. He could not<br />

leave her, and all that day he shouted for help; but not until near<br />

night was <strong>the</strong>re a passerby to assist him. She died that evening, and<br />

<strong>the</strong>re Avas no minister within reach to attend <strong>the</strong> funeral.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hardships <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneers Avas <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> mills to grind<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir corn and wheat. The first mill Avas built by <strong>the</strong> Starr bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

and Mr. Seymour for <strong>the</strong> proprietors, Eldridge, Fosdick and Miner.<br />

Previous to this <strong>the</strong> nearest mill was on <strong>the</strong> River Raisin, and <strong>the</strong>re<br />

<strong>the</strong> settlers had to take <strong>the</strong>ir grist by boat, which was exceedingly<br />

dangerous. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se milling expeditions stopped for <strong>the</strong> night at<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sister Islands. A high wind tore tlieir boat loose and it<br />

drifted out into <strong>the</strong> lake. It was a terrible prospect, marooned in<br />

<strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake and tlieir grist lost; but <strong>the</strong> wind changed<br />

and <strong>the</strong>ir boat drifted back to <strong>the</strong>m again, and <strong>the</strong>y went on tlieir way<br />

rejoicing.. This first mill, soon after its completion, was purchased by<br />

John Thompson. In those days <strong>the</strong> forests held <strong>the</strong> water, and by means<br />

<strong>of</strong> a dam sufficient AOAV Avas secured to run <strong>the</strong> mill nine months in<br />

<strong>the</strong> year. •<br />

The first postmaster was Jeduthan Cobb, in 18<strong>20</strong>. The mail Avas <strong>the</strong>n<br />

carried on horseback from Cleveland to LoAver Sandusky, IIOAV Fremont,<br />

by Robert Wolverton. He aftenvard rail a sort <strong>of</strong> coach or hack,<br />

carrying <strong>the</strong> mail and passengers.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> first hotel, or "tavern," AVIIS built by Mr. Walker, on<br />

his farm, a Mr. Beebe secured <strong>the</strong> contract for carrying <strong>the</strong> mail. He<br />

ran a line <strong>of</strong> stages through on <strong>the</strong> telegraph road, and <strong>the</strong> passing <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>se ponderous vehicles Avas quite an event in <strong>the</strong> monotonous life<br />

<strong>of</strong> those days.<br />

The first school in <strong>the</strong> toAvnship Avas taught during <strong>the</strong> Avinter <strong>of</strong><br />

1811-12, in a house on what Avas <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> Fitzgerald farm. This school<br />

Avas suspended on account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> war, many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlers leaving and<br />

returning east. The feeling <strong>of</strong> insecurity was so great that in 1814<br />

<strong>the</strong>re were only four families left.<br />

The second schoolhouse was built <strong>of</strong> logs covered with "shake," on<br />

<strong>the</strong> farm <strong>of</strong> Daniel Butler, in 1815, and <strong>the</strong> scllfcbl was first kept by<br />

Sophia Case.<br />

The third schoolhouse Avas built near, "old man Burdue's" spring.<br />

in 1818. It was 16 by <strong>20</strong> feet, and <strong>the</strong> logs Avere <strong>of</strong> all sizes and<br />

lengths, some running f^r-beyolid <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs. The ro<strong>of</strong> Avas covered<br />

with "shake," held doAvn by heavy poles. The floor Avas made <strong>of</strong> logs

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 69<br />

split through <strong>the</strong> middle, with seats to match, without any backs.<br />

Writing desks were <strong>of</strong> split slabs, supported by pins driven into <strong>the</strong><br />

log Avails. There were three windows with greased neAvspapers for<br />

glass. One entire end <strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong> building was occupied by <strong>the</strong> fire-place,<br />

Avhich could burn logs <strong>of</strong> all sizes. ^ There was not a board or nail in<br />

<strong>the</strong> house. The school here was lopened by Thomas Stevens, • Avho<br />

- received $10 a month, paid in farm produce or work. In 1874 <strong>the</strong><br />

Central District erected a building at a cost <strong>of</strong> $13,000. This is a graded<br />

school, and for many years Avas under <strong>the</strong> care <strong>of</strong> Mr. Job Fish, Avho<br />

taught <strong>the</strong> higher grade.<br />

The first religious organization in Berlin ToAvnship was <strong>the</strong> Methodist<br />

class, Avhich inet in private residences even previous to 1812. This<br />

denomination, however, did not have a house <strong>of</strong> worship until 1837,<br />

when a chapel was built in <strong>the</strong> eastern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township. Ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />

chapel Avas built in <strong>the</strong> AVestern part in 1850, but AA'as aftenvard sold<br />

for a schoolhouse. In 1870 a brick church AA'as built at <strong>the</strong> Heights.<br />

The church has groAvn steadily from those early class meetings, until<br />

it has become a permanent and flourishing institution.<br />

The names <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneer Methodist preachers who were<br />

occasionally heard in Berlin in <strong>the</strong> early days are, Nathan Smith, Mr.<br />

Westlich, Dennis Goddard, Mr. Walker and William Pattee.. At one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early class meetings <strong>the</strong> folloAving resolution Avas adopted:<br />

"Whereas, Our lots, by Divine Providence, are cast'in this Avilderness<br />

land, Avhere we are destitute <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> preached word, destitute <strong>of</strong> an<br />

able shepherd to take us by <strong>the</strong> hand, .and believing it to be our duty,<br />

as pr<strong>of</strong>essed followers <strong>of</strong> Christ; and also feeling it to be our desire,<br />

and esteeming it to be our highest privilege on earth to do all Ave can<br />

to <strong>the</strong> declarative glory <strong>of</strong> God and <strong>the</strong> advancement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Redeemer's<br />

cause in <strong>the</strong> world, and <strong>the</strong>goailMl souls; and believing it will most<br />

conduce to this glorious ewl to form ourselves into a conference state,<br />

in bro<strong>the</strong>rly compact, ai/l <strong>the</strong>reby mutually strive to maintain <strong>the</strong> glory<br />

<strong>of</strong> God, keep <strong>the</strong> Christian Sabbath, Avatch over one ano<strong>the</strong>r in love,<br />

and he help to each a<strong>the</strong>r in our pilgrimage journey, and finding ourselves<br />

to be in union sentiments, AVC, <strong>the</strong>refore, do hereby this day agree<br />

to unite in bro<strong>the</strong>rly compact in <strong>the</strong> best <strong>of</strong> bonds, for <strong>the</strong> purpose above<br />

named. March 4, 1818."<br />

Signed by Joshua Phillips, Robert Wolverton, P. G. Smith, Levi<br />

Fuller, Fanny Smith. Rebecca Smith, Lu<strong>the</strong>r_IIarris.<br />

The first person AVIIO Avas knoAvn to have "experienced" religion Avas<br />

Lazarus Young, whose life has at record <strong>of</strong> consistency among trials<br />

that Avould test a man's mettle. The pioneers who came from NCAV York,<br />

Pennsylvania and NCAV England brought-With <strong>the</strong>m staunch ncligious<br />

coiivictions^ffiat Avere in no danger <strong>of</strong> dying out. In Octoher\1819,<br />

some <strong>of</strong> Ihese devout people met ill Florence at <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> P.<br />

Starr, and with o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> that township Avere organize!IUr^ Elder<br />

Warner Goodale, into flic Baptist Church <strong>of</strong> Berlin. They hShk<strong>the</strong>ir<br />

mecliiigs at private residences iii_Borlin and Florence, with occasional

70 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

preaching from Elders French, Hartwell, Hanks, Tucker, Abbott,<br />

Rigdon and Call.<br />

Elder Call was <strong>the</strong> first settled minister in <strong>the</strong> toAvnship, and, in<br />

fact, betAveen Cleveland and <strong>the</strong> "Indian Land." He settled on a<br />

farm in 18<strong>20</strong>, on lot 7, range 5. Here he resided until he died<br />

in I860, at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> eighty.<br />

The Baptist Church was really founded and sustained by Elder<br />

Joshua Phillips, whose name AVHS first to be signed to <strong>the</strong> articles <strong>of</strong><br />

agreement. He was dismissed at his own request in 1833, and <strong>the</strong> same<br />

year Elder Algood was secured to preach half <strong>the</strong> time. In 1837 Elder<br />

Wood preached in <strong>the</strong> same Avay, and in 1838 Elder P. Latimer AVIIS<br />

secured. He became a settled minister in 1839. In 1840 II. C. Sylvester<br />

took Latimer's place, and was succeeded in 1842 by Elder Warren.<br />

During his ministry he engaged <strong>the</strong> services <strong>of</strong> a celebrated revivalist,<br />

Elder Weaver, and <strong>the</strong> entire township was stirred as never before. In<br />

1844 Elder Blake was called to be pastor, and that year <strong>the</strong> first Sunday<br />

school was organized. Blake AVHS succeeded in 1845 by Elders Storrs<br />

and Bloomer, and in 1847 by Henderson; he in turn, in 1848, by Wilder,<br />

and he by Willoughby in 1851. During his ministry <strong>the</strong> slavery Question<br />

agitated <strong>the</strong> church, and by a vote <strong>of</strong> seventeen to tAvo it declared<br />

that no slave holder should rcrfeive <strong>the</strong> hand <strong>of</strong> fclloAvship.<br />

The Congregational Church was organized in 1823 by Rev. A. II.<br />

Betts and S. B. Sullivan, with nine members. Mr. Betts preached.<br />

occasionally until 1829. At this time <strong>the</strong>y secured <strong>the</strong> services <strong>of</strong><br />

Everton Judson to preach one-third <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time for tAvo years. After<br />

that E. Barber preached a year, followed by Joseph Crawford tAvo<br />

years, who, in turn, Avas succeeded by J. C. Sherwin in 1840, who<br />

remained until 1851. He Avas eminently successful, and very much<br />

beloved by his congregation and <strong>the</strong> entire community. - He was succeeded<br />

for a short time by James Scott. G. C. Judson followed him in<br />

1852 and remained one year. In 1853 John Purlin came, and in 1854<br />

was succeeded by F. A. Demming, who remained three years. He Avas<br />

followed by E. M. Cravath, AVIIO remained until 1863, when be entered<br />

<strong>the</strong> army as chaplain. In 1864 T. B. Penfield filled <strong>the</strong> pulpit, folloAved<br />

by George Candee, from 1865 to 1869. Sidney Bryant remained a<br />

few months and was followed by a year's pastorate <strong>of</strong> J. C. Thompson.<br />

He was succeeded by Henry BroAvn, whose ministry was very short..<br />

In 1871 Levi Loring accepted <strong>the</strong> call and remained until 1874. A. D.<br />

Hall folloAved' him and left in 1878, to go to Japan as a missionary.<br />

N. S. Wright became stated supply at that time, and was follq^d by<br />

Abner A. Pipes, who became stated supply until 1883. Then William<br />

Jones succeeded as a licentiate, and afterward became settled as pastor<br />

and remained until 1886, when J. J. Rice took charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church.<br />

Quarrying was begun by Joshua Phillips on land aftenvard owned<br />

by J. M. Stahl. He had sold <strong>the</strong> land to Eldridge, but desiring to build<br />

himself a house, he reserved <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone for a year. Elder<br />

Phillips, Avith an eye to business, secured a large number <strong>of</strong> teams and<br />

employed <strong>the</strong> hours <strong>of</strong> that year in getting out all <strong>the</strong> stone that hq

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 71<br />

possibly could. As a result, he had not only enough for his own use,<br />

but was enabled to supply <strong>the</strong> general demand. Even <strong>the</strong>n no one<br />

kneAv that <strong>the</strong> ledge <strong>of</strong> sandstone, which crops out on <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Heights, was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most valuable in <strong>the</strong> state. George A.<br />

Baillie was <strong>the</strong> first to make this knoAvn.<br />

It was not an easy thing to do, for more than tAventy feet <strong>of</strong> strippings<br />

had to he cleared away before <strong>the</strong> desired quality <strong>of</strong> stone could<br />

be secured. There was a fine gravel bed near by, and because <strong>of</strong> this<br />

<strong>the</strong> Lake Shore Railroad Was Avilling to extend a branch road into <strong>the</strong><br />

heart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> quarry. The stone is <strong>of</strong> superior quality and seemingly<br />

inexhaustible. The strata lie from six inches to eight feet in thickness.<br />

General Gihnore made a test <strong>of</strong> it and thought it Avould bear a crushing<br />

force <strong>of</strong> 14,250 per square inch, and a well-knoAvn architect, E. E.<br />

Myers, says, "He regards it as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best sand stones he has ever<br />

seen or used." It is apparently unaffected by changes <strong>of</strong> temperature,<br />

by acids or age. There were 400 carloads shipped in one year (1878),<br />

mostly to NCAV York. There is also ano<strong>the</strong>r quarry seemingly as inexhaustible.<br />

Grindstones were formerly - manufactured, but <strong>the</strong> business<br />

Avas discontinued.<br />

As soon as <strong>the</strong>ir cabins were built and tlieir lands cleared for a<br />

crop <strong>the</strong> early pioneers began to set out orchards, even while <strong>the</strong><br />

forest trees were still standing. No apples could be obtained/nearer<br />

than Canada, which <strong>the</strong>n seemed much fur<strong>the</strong>r distant than now. The<br />

first fruit trees Avere brought from <strong>the</strong>re in 1812 by John Hoak/ and Mr.<br />

Fleming, <strong>of</strong> Huron, who went across <strong>the</strong> lake and returned with a boatload<br />

<strong>of</strong> trees. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se were still growing as late as 1889. There<br />

AA-ere also three pear trees that Avere immense specimens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir kind, one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m measuring seventy feet in height and eighty-seven inches in<br />

circumference. Their average yield was from thirty to fifty bushels<br />

each. This Avas <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> an industry that has since made<br />

Berlin famous, and no toAvnship can compete with it in <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong><br />

fruit raised.<br />

Dairying Avas not pr<strong>of</strong>itable in <strong>the</strong> early years, but after <strong>the</strong> establishment<br />

<strong>of</strong> a creamery by Melvin Stone in 1877 a new impetus<br />

was given to this business. More than 250 COAVS were soon devoted<br />

to its supply. A finer quality <strong>of</strong> butter Avas made at a much<br />

loAver cost, yet bringing a higher price. The secret <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> success<br />

<strong>of</strong> this plant Avas a stream <strong>of</strong> cold Avater, <strong>of</strong> even temperature, which<br />

furnished cooling facilities. By 1878 <strong>the</strong> patronage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> creamery<br />

had increased to 340 COAVS, an increase <strong>of</strong> 90, marking <strong>the</strong> permanent<br />

success <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> business. <<br />

The Berlin box factory Avas started in 1865. At first it was connected<br />

with <strong>the</strong> sorghum business, which began about <strong>the</strong> same time. In <strong>the</strong><br />

year 1864 10,000 gallons <strong>of</strong> syrup were made and <strong>the</strong> business<br />

continued until 1866. In addition to making boxes, barrels' for shipping<br />

apples were also made, and in one year 6,000 were sent out. Two<br />

years later <strong>the</strong> box business had so increased that all o<strong>the</strong>r interests<br />

were closed out. The owners continually added to <strong>the</strong>ir buildings and

72, HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

increased <strong>the</strong>ir operations until 100,000 feet <strong>of</strong> lumber Avere required<br />

annually. This furnishes steady Avork to tAverity-five or thirty employes.<br />

Much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> success is due to <strong>the</strong> mechanical ability and enterprise <strong>of</strong><br />

its first manager, Samuel Patterson. As fruit interests increase, this<br />

business must continue to groAV.<br />

FREE LOVE COMMUNITY<br />

Berlin Heights became Avidely knoAvn at one time on account <strong>of</strong> a<br />

small free love community planted <strong>the</strong>re. Only one citizen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

tOAvnship became identified with this movement, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs coming from<br />

remote states. It, AVIIS some time after <strong>the</strong> first ga<strong>the</strong>ring before a<br />

colony was established. Their peculiar tenets Avert* taught and disseminated<br />

until I860, when Point Hope Community AA'IIS established<br />

upon a communistic basis, with about tAventy members. It lasted about<br />

tAA'elve months. A second organization, called <strong>the</strong> Industrial Fraternity,<br />

commenced in I860, witli tAventy members, lived about six months. The<br />

third, <strong>the</strong> Berlin Community, or Christian Republic, commenced in<br />

1865, bad tAA'elve adult members and six children and lived about one<br />

year. Mr. Hudson Tuttle, Berlin's Avell-knoAvn author, in Avriting <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>se people, says:<br />

"So far as testing communism, <strong>the</strong> affair Avas a perfect failure.<br />

The drifting to this section <strong>of</strong> so many individuals, AVIIO, to use <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

OAA-n phrase, AA'ere 'intensely individualized,' and AVIIO remained after<br />

<strong>the</strong> complete failure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir schemes, has had an influence on <strong>the</strong> character<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn. They engaged in fruit growing, have multiplied <strong>the</strong><br />

small farms, and added to <strong>the</strong> prosperity and intellectual life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

people," etc.<br />

He <strong>the</strong>n alludes to a sketch <strong>of</strong> this community in Johnson's Encyclopedia,<br />

in which it is spoken <strong>of</strong> as a society <strong>of</strong> Spiritualists, which Mr.<br />

Tuttle says is false, because many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bitterest opponents tin* community<br />

bad Avere Spiritualists. A part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number AA'ere a<strong>the</strong>ists,<br />

some AA'ere believers in different creeds, and some AA'ere Spiritualists.<br />

There AA'as little toleration SIIOAVII <strong>the</strong> newcomers, and at one time, Avhen<br />

Francis Barry attempted to mail an issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Age <strong>of</strong> Freedom, twenty<br />

Berlin women seized <strong>the</strong> mail-sack in AA'hich he had brought it on his<br />

shoulder to <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice and burned it in <strong>the</strong> street.<br />

Several papers were started by <strong>the</strong> communists and had a brief<br />

career. The Social Revolutionist, in 1857, by J. S, Patterson: Age <strong>of</strong><br />

Freedom, 1858; Good Time Coming, 1859: <strong>the</strong> New'Republic, 1862: <strong>the</strong><br />

Optimist and Kingdom <strong>of</strong> Heaven, I860; <strong>the</strong> Principia or Personality,<br />

1868; <strong>the</strong> NCAV Campaign, 1871; <strong>the</strong> Toledo Sun,-moved from Toledo 1o<br />

Berlin Heights in 1875, by John A. Laut.<br />

Besides <strong>the</strong>se tAA'o local ncAvspapers Avere started, but were unsuccessful:<br />

The Bulletin, by W. B. Harrison, commenced in 1870: and flic<br />

Index, by F. J. .Miles, commenced in 1875.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> March 14, 1870, quotes <strong>the</strong> folloAving description <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Free Love Community Avhich existed in Berlin Township in 1858.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 73<br />

"The first attempt at founding a colony was made in 1854, but it<br />

was not altoge<strong>the</strong>r successful. The fact that some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> experimenters<br />

AA'ere not prepared for <strong>the</strong> free love <strong>the</strong>ories- urged by Frank Barry, and<br />

his immediate circle <strong>of</strong> friends was considered a sufficient, reason for<br />

not entering upon anything <strong>of</strong> a practical sort till fur<strong>the</strong>r agitation<br />

should develop all parties concerned to<strong>the</strong> proper point. The staid substantial<br />

orthodox citizens <strong>of</strong> Berlin Heights and surrounding country<br />

regarded-Avith considerable alarm <strong>the</strong> advent in <strong>the</strong>ir midst <strong>of</strong> a class <strong>of</strong><br />

people so shameless as to oppose <strong>the</strong> sacred institution <strong>of</strong> marriage and<br />

carry into practical operation <strong>the</strong> doctrine <strong>of</strong> Free Love. While Hie<br />

Free Lovers Avere intent on carrying out <strong>the</strong>ir principles, holding meetings<br />

and conventions, receiving and entertaining large numbers o,f visitors<br />

from all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, dancing oil Sunday in <strong>the</strong> ball room <strong>of</strong>" <strong>the</strong><br />

hotel within hearing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most popular church, Avalking out toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

and making o<strong>the</strong>r manifestations Avithout asking leave <strong>of</strong> Hie priest or<br />

<strong>the</strong> county clerk—Avhile <strong>the</strong>se irregularities and immoralities AA'ere being<br />

practiced, and inost Avorst AVIIS surmised, <strong>the</strong> leading citizens AA'ere organizing<br />

an opposition. As <strong>the</strong> Free Lovers could not get into <strong>the</strong> papers as<br />

advocates'<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir doctrine <strong>the</strong>y seemed to conclude that it Avas better to<br />

be kicked than not noticed at all; so <strong>the</strong>y and <strong>the</strong>ir friends in o<strong>the</strong>r places<br />

Avr<strong>of</strong>e sensational articles for publication in ridicule and denunciation <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>mselves, evidently delighted to be able to get so much gratuitous<br />

advertising. A single confederate Avho belonged to <strong>the</strong> reportorial staff <strong>of</strong><br />

fhe XCAV York Tribune succeeded in getting column after column into<br />

that journal and <strong>the</strong> Herald, in which he sbreAvdly mingled some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

most ably expressed sentiments <strong>of</strong> Free Love with ostensibly adverse<br />

criticisms. In <strong>the</strong> meantime an indignation meeting was called at <strong>the</strong><br />

Presbyterian Church in Berlin Heights Avhich Avas largely attended by<br />

<strong>the</strong> morality loving people <strong>of</strong> that section <strong>of</strong> country. But Satan came<br />

also in Hie shape <strong>of</strong> a score <strong>of</strong> Free Lovers, some <strong>of</strong> whom Avere better<br />

speakers than any in <strong>the</strong> ranks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opposition and <strong>the</strong> indignation<br />

meeting amounted to little more than a three hours' discussion <strong>of</strong> Free<br />

Love. This result ra<strong>the</strong>r delighted <strong>the</strong> Free Lovers, as-<strong>the</strong>y had everything<br />

to gain and nothing to lose. The friends <strong>of</strong> good order <strong>the</strong>n resorted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> IIIAV. A car load <strong>of</strong> Free LoA'crs <strong>of</strong> both sexes and every<br />

variety <strong>of</strong> temperament Avere captured and taken tft Sandusky and arraigned<br />

before <strong>the</strong> Mayor on <strong>the</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> having Anointed certain statutes<br />

for <strong>the</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> good morals. Frank Barry AVIIS relied oh as<br />

<strong>the</strong> most important witness, for he AVIIS believed to be fanatically honest,<br />

and be AVIIS supposed to be perfectly familiar with all <strong>the</strong> inside manifestations<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movement. It AVIIS discovered hoAvever, that <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fenders<br />

had.ii Avay <strong>of</strong> not knoAving anything about each o<strong>the</strong>r's'doings, and <strong>the</strong><br />

AATIOIC Aveek AA'as spent trying to convict some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m <strong>of</strong> overt acrs committed<br />

contrary to IIIAV. At length <strong>the</strong> prosecution AVIIS abandoned, <strong>the</strong><br />

Free Lovers coining <strong>of</strong>f first best, having had a AA'cck's board and comfortable<br />

lodging at a good hotel Avithout expense to <strong>the</strong>mseh'es. One day<br />

as Frank Barry AVIIS driving toward <strong>the</strong> Post Office with several bushels<br />

<strong>of</strong> Free Love documents for <strong>the</strong> mail, dreaming <strong>of</strong> no harm, but ra<strong>the</strong>r

74 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> good time coming, when Free Love should Joe <strong>the</strong> universal inheritance<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> children <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earth, he Avas assail*© by a score <strong>of</strong> men<br />

and Avomen with straAv shavings and matches at hand who made short<br />

Avork <strong>of</strong> subduing <strong>the</strong> apostle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NeAV Faith. The Free Love question<br />

AA'as made an issue at <strong>the</strong>" next tovA'iiship election. The opponents controlled<br />

<strong>the</strong> regular caucus, and nominated for <strong>of</strong>fice men in favor <strong>of</strong><br />

expelling <strong>the</strong> Free Lovers^. The friends <strong>of</strong> toleration bolted <strong>the</strong> regular<br />

ticket and nominated a new one pledged to protect <strong>the</strong> Free Lovers so<br />

long as <strong>the</strong>y could not be proved guilty <strong>of</strong> violating any laAV. The Free<br />

Love ticket as it Avas called was elected by a considerable majority.<br />

"It is to be understood that <strong>the</strong> Berlin socialists are <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> independent<br />

sort never having patterned after any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great lights such<br />

as Fourier, OAven, Noyes, or Ann Lee, and live not on <strong>the</strong> communistic<br />

plan but each on his OAvn book. They are scattered over a territory a mile<br />

or so in extent, including one side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village <strong>of</strong> Berlin Heights and<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce extending out on small fruit farms. At <strong>the</strong> period referred to—<br />

<strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1858—a small group <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> faithful occupied a place<br />

nearly a mile aAvay from most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir brethren. Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y AA'ere<br />

to conceal <strong>the</strong>ir real mode <strong>of</strong> life or Avere really more gross or sensual<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avriter cannot determine from <strong>the</strong> data furnished him, but it is certainly<br />

true that <strong>the</strong>y had a secluded and lovely bathing place on <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

small domain Avhere members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> group <strong>of</strong> opposite sex and compensative<br />

temperaments Avere accustomed to retire in <strong>the</strong> heat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day<br />

to give practical demonstration that Eden innocence had come to earth<br />

again. All that sort <strong>of</strong> thing might have continued at least through <strong>the</strong><br />

summer months up to this date, had not one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neighbors chanced to<br />

go that way one day looking for his lost COAV. This disturber,<strong>of</strong> Eden<br />

No. 2 instead <strong>of</strong> folloAving in <strong>the</strong> footsteps <strong>of</strong> his illustrious predecessor<br />

and trying his arts upon <strong>the</strong> Eves <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> locality, whispered abroad an<br />

account <strong>of</strong> Avhat he had seen. So AA'ild and secluded was <strong>the</strong> spot that<br />

those Avho in bliss and beauty disported in <strong>the</strong> water AA'ere all unconscious<br />

df <strong>the</strong> approach <strong>of</strong> any serpents to mar <strong>the</strong>ir peace. It Avas generally<br />

thought that those took especial pains to see Avhat <strong>the</strong>y regarded as impure<br />

were more reprehensible than <strong>the</strong> actors <strong>the</strong>mselves; still <strong>the</strong> performance<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ba<strong>the</strong>rs Avas regarded Avith unmitigated disgust. Many<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Free Lovers <strong>the</strong>mselves Avere indignant on account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disgraceful<br />

proceedings. Since that time <strong>the</strong>y have encountered very little<br />

opposition. They are remarkably frugal and industrious, having developed<br />

<strong>the</strong> fruit groAving qualities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ground occupied by <strong>the</strong>m to a<br />

marvellous extent. A disposition to deal fairly in matters <strong>of</strong> business<br />

in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir principle characteristics. Their characters are unimpeachable<br />

except in so far as <strong>the</strong>y are given to Free Love and <strong>the</strong>y don't force<br />

that on anybody. Those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m AVIIO yet remain in Berlin (about 50<br />

men and as many AA'omen) seem more devoted to secular pursuits than to<br />

a dissemination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir peculiar doctrine."<br />

Artemas Ward thus described his visit to <strong>the</strong> community:<br />

"Some years ago I pitched my tent and enfurled my banner to <strong>the</strong><br />

breeze, in Berlin Hites, Ohio. I had beam that Berlin Hites was

HISTORY OF ERIE CCfUNTY 75<br />

ockepied by a extensive seek called Free Lovers, who beleeved in affinertys<br />

and sich, goin back on <strong>the</strong>ir domestic ties without no hesitation whatsomever.<br />

They was likeAvise spirit rappers and high presher reformers<br />

on gineral principles. If I can improve <strong>the</strong>se ere misguided peple by<br />

shoAvin <strong>the</strong>m my onparraled shoAv at <strong>the</strong> usual low price <strong>of</strong> admitants,<br />

methunk, I shell not have lived in vane. But bitterly did I cuss <strong>the</strong> day<br />

I ever sot foot in <strong>the</strong> retchid place. I sot up my tent in a field near <strong>the</strong><br />

Love Cure, as <strong>the</strong> called it, and bimeby <strong>the</strong> free lovers begun to congregate<br />

around <strong>the</strong> door. A ornerer set I have never saAvn.' The men's<br />

faces Avas all covered with hare and <strong>the</strong>y lookt half-starved to deth. They<br />

didn't Avear no weskuts for <strong>the</strong> purpose (as <strong>the</strong>y sed) <strong>of</strong> allowin <strong>the</strong><br />

free air <strong>of</strong> hevun to. blow onto <strong>the</strong>ir boozums. Their pockets was filled<br />

Avith tracks and pamplits and <strong>the</strong>y AA'as barefooted., They sed <strong>the</strong> Postles<br />

didn't Avear boots & Avhy should <strong>the</strong>y? That Avas <strong>the</strong>ir stile <strong>of</strong> argyment.<br />

The Avimmen Avas AVUSS than <strong>the</strong> men. They Avore trowsis, short gownds,<br />

straAv hats Avith green ribbins, and all carried blue cotton umbrellers.<br />

"Presently a perfeckly orful lookin female presented herself at <strong>the</strong><br />

door. Her goAvnd AA'as skanderlusly short and her troAvsis was shameful<br />

to behold. She eyed me OA'.er very sharp, and <strong>the</strong>n startin back she sed,<br />

in a wild voice:<br />

" 'Oh, can it be?'<br />

"'Which?'sed I.<br />

" 'Yes, 'tis troo, 0 'tis troo!'<br />

" '15 cents, marm,' I anserd.<br />

"She bust out a cryin and sed;<br />

" 'And so I have found you at larst—at larst, 0 at larst!'<br />

" 'Yes' I anserd, 'you have found me at larst, and you would hav<br />

found me at fust, if you had cum sooner.'<br />

"She grabd me vilently by <strong>the</strong> coat collar, and brandishin her embreller<br />

wildly round, exclaimed:<br />

" 'Air you a man?'<br />

"Sez I, 'I think I air, but if you doubt it, you can address Mrs, A.<br />

Ward, Baldinsville, Injinanny, postage pade, & she will probly giv you<br />

<strong>the</strong> desired informashun.'<br />

" 'Then thou ist AA'hat <strong>the</strong> cold Avorld calls marrid?'<br />

" 'Madam, Iistest.'<br />

"The exsentric female <strong>the</strong>n clutched me franticly by <strong>the</strong> arm and<br />

hollered:<br />

" 'You air mine, 0 you air mine!'<br />

" 'Scacely' I sed, endeverin to git loose from her. But she clung<br />

to me and sed: '<br />

'' ' You air my affinerty! f<br />

" 'What upon arth is that?' I shouted.<br />

" 'Dost thou not knoAv?'<br />

" 'No, I dostent!'<br />

" 'Listin man & I'll tell ye!' sed <strong>the</strong> strange female; 'for years I<br />

hav yearned for <strong>the</strong>e. I knovyed thou wast in <strong>the</strong> Avorld, sumAvhares,<br />

tho I didn't knoAv whare. My hart sed he AA'ould cum and I took courage.

76\ HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

He has cum—he's here—you air him—you air my Affinerty! 0 'tis too<br />

mutch! too mutch!' and she sobbed agin.<br />

" 'Yes,' I anserd, 'I think it is a darn site too mutch!'<br />

" 'Hast thou not yearned for me?' she yelled, ringin her hands like<br />

a female play actor.<br />

" 'Not a yearn!' I bellerd at <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> my voice, throAvin her aAvay<br />

from me.<br />

"The free lovers AVIIO Avas standin round absarvin <strong>the</strong> scene commenst<br />

for to holler 'shame' 'beast' etsettery, etsettery.<br />

"I Avas very much riled, and fortifyin myself Avith a spare tent stake,<br />

I addrest <strong>the</strong>m as follers; 'You pussylanermus critters, go Avay from me<br />

and take this retchid Avoman Avith you. I'm a laAA'-abidin man. and<br />

beleeve in good, old fashioned institutions. I am marrid & my orfsprings<br />

resemble me if 1 am a shoAvinan! I think your Affinerty bizniss<br />

is cussed noncents, besides bein outrajusly Avisked. Why don't you<br />

behave desunt like o<strong>the</strong>r folks.' Go to Avork and earn a honist livin and<br />

not stay round here in this lazy, shiftless AA'ay, pizenin <strong>the</strong> moral atmosphere<br />

with your pestifrous ideas! You Avimin folks go back to your<br />

lawful husbands if you've got any, and take orf <strong>the</strong>m skanderlous gownds<br />

and troAVsis, and dress respectful like o<strong>the</strong>r wimin. You men folks, cut<br />

orf <strong>the</strong>m pirattercal whiskers, burn up <strong>the</strong>m infurnel pamplits, put sum<br />

Aveskuts on, go to work choppin Avood, splittin fence rales, or tillin <strong>the</strong><br />

sile.' I pored 4th my indignashun in this Avay til I got out <strong>of</strong> breth,<br />

Avhen I stopt. I shant go to Berlin Hites again, not if I live to be as<br />

old as Methooseler."<br />

The habits and circumstances <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneers AA'ere not conducive to<br />

temperance, yet before <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nineteenth century <strong>the</strong> Sons<br />

<strong>of</strong> Temperance AA'ere organized, and failed, it is said, because <strong>the</strong>y excluded<br />

Avoinen from membership. Mr. S. 0. Kellogg <strong>the</strong>n conceived <strong>the</strong><br />

idea <strong>of</strong> a temperance society in which <strong>the</strong> sexes should be equal. wAs <strong>the</strong><br />

result <strong>of</strong> his thinking <strong>the</strong> Ark <strong>of</strong> Temperance AVIIS founded, and AVIIS<br />

successful for many years. The parent organization numbered at one<br />

time 108, and from its influence several o<strong>the</strong>r arks Avere formed, so that<br />

<strong>the</strong> order came to number at one time more than 800. This society AVIIS<br />

« a great help to <strong>the</strong> moral, intellectual and social life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tOAvnship.<br />

Berlin is proud <strong>of</strong> her military record. The following- is <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong><br />

her soldiers AVIIO served in <strong>the</strong> various Avars <strong>of</strong> our country:<br />

Revolution—Orley Benschoter, Hieronomus Mingus, Aaron Van Benschoter.<br />

War <strong>of</strong> 1812—Russell Ransom. Nathaniel Griffin, Ephraim Hardy,<br />

Prosper Carey, George Whitney, Joshua Phillips. P. T. Barber. Jacob<br />

Mingus, Nathaniel Burdue, II. Dunbar, T. Miller. Thomas Starr.<br />

War <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rebellion—William LoAvry. Samuel McGurkin. Richard<br />

Mulleneaux, Myron Rice. George Burgess. L. L. Hardy, 1). D. Stage,<br />

W. A. Keith, Spafford Penny. J. Woodward, Osro J. LOAVCII, J. Hall,<br />

J. Daniels, Elisha Jenkins. W. SAvartz, Diodot Ransom, George Johnson,<br />

S. Seeley, C. A. Graves, E. Huffman, E. Hardy, Fred Huntley, Ja'nies<br />

Smith, P. K. Loomis, George L. FoAvler, Horace Hill, John Laughlin,

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 77<br />

J. Smith, II. Smith, Darius Smith, Charles Elwood, Henry Elwood,<br />

Aaron Hall, Lucius Smith, Daniel Wea<strong>the</strong>rsloAv, Oliver Benschoter, Frank<br />

Bemis, William Bellamy.<br />

Berlin ToAvnship has three villages Avithin its boundaries. Berlinville,<br />

on <strong>the</strong> state road, was at one time a busy little place, but when<br />

stage coaches Avere superseded by railroads it fell into <strong>the</strong> background<br />

and remained <strong>the</strong> same little village, but without <strong>the</strong> life and bustle<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early days.<br />

Berlin Heights has had a wide reputation, but its growth has been<br />

hampered by not having railroad facilities. It has several stores, several<br />

factories, a saAvmill, a grist mill, a fine school building with graded school,<br />

three churches and a hotel.<br />

Ceylon, on <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore Railroad, is directly north <strong>of</strong> Berlin<br />

Heights, and greAV to be a considerable village in a very short time.<br />

There are six cemeteries in <strong>the</strong> township, one <strong>of</strong> AA'hich is being washed<br />

away by <strong>the</strong> united force <strong>of</strong> Chapelle Creek and <strong>the</strong> lake. The o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

are at Berlinville, Berlin Heights and Ilarpen's Corners.<br />

Many interesting stories <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneer days might be told in connection<br />

AA'ith <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> this township, but perhaps nothing is more<br />

typical <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> conditions <strong>of</strong> those early days than <strong>the</strong> hardships which<br />

<strong>the</strong> family <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Baptist elder, Joshua Phillips, had to overcome. Mr.<br />

Phillips added preaching to his o<strong>the</strong>r labors <strong>of</strong> clearing, farming and<br />

mason Avork. He came, bringing his family, from New 'York in 1818,<br />

and built a log house 10 by 12 feet in <strong>the</strong> Avoods on Chapelle Creek.<br />

When <strong>the</strong>y moved into <strong>the</strong> house it Avas not yet finished. There AA'as<br />

a door, but no AvindoAVs; and it did not yet need any as <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> was<br />

not on. It Avas <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> January and a Avarm, sunny day; but that<br />

night, a sleet storm came up and Mr. Phillips had to break up his wagon<br />

box to make a slight shelter in one corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin, where his family<br />

huddled toge<strong>the</strong>r until <strong>the</strong> storm had passed. He brought three horses<br />

and a COAV AA'ith him, and <strong>the</strong> first Avinter tAvo horses died from exposure<br />

and poor food; <strong>the</strong>ir only fodder being marsh grass, which kept green<br />

all winter. One <strong>of</strong> Mr. Phillips'-sons practiced medicine for many<br />

years and attained to quite a reputation for his success in treating climatic<br />

diseases. Later he gaA'c up his practice. lie became a disciple <strong>of</strong><br />

Emerson and Parker, reading constantly, and collecting interesting<br />

historical facts connected with <strong>the</strong> township.<br />

Hudson Tuttle, ano<strong>the</strong>r son <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early settlers, also deserves<br />

mention. He became Avidely knoAvn as an author and exponent <strong>of</strong><br />

Spiritualism, in spite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> handicap <strong>of</strong>

CHAPTER VII<br />

MJLAN TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE<br />

Lying in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn part <strong>of</strong> Erie, adjoining Huron County, and<br />

crossed diagonally from soutliAvest to nor<strong>the</strong>ast by <strong>the</strong> Huron River,<br />

Milan ToAvnship is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most thoroughly drained and richest agricultural<br />

sections in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio. The eastern and soutliern portions<br />

are sandy in a greater or less degree, and <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn part is a rich<br />

black prairie loam. The timber AVIIS never as heavy as that in Huron<br />

County, but excellent ship timber has been obtained from <strong>the</strong> woodlands<br />

in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> and far IICIOAV Milan Village. Even <strong>the</strong> prairie section<br />

is interspersed Avith groves <strong>of</strong> small oak trees. Chestnut, hickory, AVUInut,<br />

butternut, elm, sycamore, sassafras, various kinds <strong>of</strong> oak and scattering<br />

maples comprise <strong>the</strong> native forest trees.<br />

The Huron River occupies a valley nearly 100 feet heloAv <strong>the</strong> general<br />

level, and from eighty rods to a mile in Avidth. The bottom lands lying<br />

along this river are very rich, but subject to sudden, and during Avet<br />

seasons, frequent inundations that prove very damaging to <strong>the</strong> young<br />

crops. This sort <strong>of</strong> damage has become common from <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong><br />

uplands are noAV so thoroughly drained by artificial means as to conduct<br />

<strong>the</strong> water to <strong>the</strong> river faster than it can be carried <strong>of</strong>f. The Valley <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Huron River is quite picturesque both above and below Milan Village.<br />

The banks above are quite generally precipitous on one side or <strong>the</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river. The shale rock crops out from many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se banks,<br />

while <strong>the</strong> river beloAV in places HOAVS over a solid bed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same formation.<br />

Occasional spheres <strong>of</strong> sulphite <strong>of</strong> iron are found imbedded in <strong>the</strong><br />

river banks or <strong>the</strong> banks and beds <strong>of</strong> creeks floAving into <strong>the</strong> river.<br />

Drippings <strong>of</strong> sulphur, and also <strong>of</strong> alum, are found in banks <strong>of</strong> small<br />

streams connected Avith <strong>the</strong> Huron River, but none are Avitbin <strong>the</strong> limits<br />

<strong>of</strong> Milan ToAvnship or Erie County. Below Milan Village, about threefourths<br />

<strong>of</strong> a mile, and on <strong>the</strong> opposite side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> valley directly at <strong>the</strong><br />

foot <strong>of</strong>'<strong>the</strong> North Milan Hill, is a natural gas spring that has been knoAvn<br />

for many years to send forth an unremitting flow <strong>of</strong> gas, though <strong>the</strong><br />

pressure is very light, partly oAving, no doubt, to <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> under<br />

lying rock, Avhich is shale and full <strong>of</strong> seams and cracks.<br />

The gas, Avhen lighted sends up a flame from one to three feet in<br />

height, depending on <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> surface covered by <strong>the</strong> vessel used<br />

in concentrating it. Small boys have occasional larks by <strong>the</strong> light <strong>of</strong><br />

this natural illuminant ga<strong>the</strong>red in a keg Avith tight sides, no bottom,<br />

and a small hole in <strong>the</strong> top for a jet.<br />

To <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>of</strong> Milan, and close to <strong>the</strong> Huron County line, on<br />

<strong>the</strong> Butman Farm is a cold spring <strong>of</strong> considerable size, at one time be-<br />

78

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 79<br />

lieved to possess medicinal properties, AA'hich it no doubt does in an<br />

equal degree with many o<strong>the</strong>rs that have built and supported magnificent<br />

sanitariums, while Milan has neglected her many natural advantages..<br />

The mound-builders ha,ve left <strong>the</strong>ir traces in this toAvnship. There<br />

were three clearly defined fortifications Avhen <strong>the</strong> first settlers came here.<br />

All tfiree Avere upon <strong>the</strong> high banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron; <strong>the</strong> first in <strong>the</strong> second<br />

section, near <strong>the</strong> north line, and on <strong>the</strong> AA'est side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river: <strong>the</strong> second<br />

in <strong>the</strong> first section, on <strong>the</strong> east side, and <strong>the</strong> third in <strong>the</strong> fourth section,<br />

on <strong>the</strong> place occupied by Mrs. Morrill. F. W. FoAvler, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

pioneers, described <strong>the</strong>se earth-Avorks as from tAvo to four feet above <strong>the</strong><br />

surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ground. Large trees Avere groAving upon some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

embankments. Near <strong>the</strong>se forts Avere mounds or hillocks, Avhich were<br />

found to contain human bones, promiscuously throAvn toge<strong>the</strong>r, as if<br />

a large number <strong>of</strong> bodies had been buried at one time. The skull bones,<br />

Avhen found entire, Avere shoAvn by measurement to be larger, upon <strong>the</strong><br />

average, than those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present race, and all exhibited marks that<br />

AA'ould indicate that life had been taken in deadly combat. Scattered<br />

among <strong>the</strong> skulls and vertebra?, and arm and leg bones, Avert* stone pipes<br />

and fragments <strong>of</strong> burnt clay. O<strong>the</strong>nvise <strong>the</strong>re Avas nothing to testify<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> A'anisbed race.<br />

Long before <strong>the</strong> coming <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avhite men <strong>the</strong> fertile lands along <strong>the</strong><br />

Huron AA'ere a favorite camping ground for <strong>the</strong> Indians. The early<br />

settlers found <strong>the</strong> fields free from timber all along <strong>the</strong> -river, and <strong>the</strong><br />

underbrush so cleared from <strong>the</strong> forests that <strong>the</strong> deer, as <strong>the</strong>y bounded<br />

along, could be seen sometimes for half a mile. The principal Indian<br />

village stood Avhere Milan Village is IIOAV located, but <strong>the</strong>re Avere smaller<br />

settlements extending from <strong>the</strong> north line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship as far as<br />

Ridgefield. There Avere probably a thousand red men in this group,<br />

principally <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> DelaAvares and Ottawas—<strong>the</strong> latter commonly called<br />

TiiAvas. Here to a greater extent than in most localities AA'here <strong>the</strong> Indians<br />

have been knoAvn to have had permanent villages <strong>the</strong>y followed in a<br />

rude way <strong>the</strong> arts <strong>of</strong> peace during <strong>the</strong> intervals betAA'een <strong>the</strong>ir extended<br />

bunting journeys. Here AA'ere cherished <strong>the</strong> rites and customs <strong>of</strong> a race<br />

that, is IIOAV scarcely knoAvn, except through scanty historical savings, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten unreliable traditions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneers, transmitted through <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

descendants.<br />

Before <strong>the</strong> coming <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlers Moravian missionaries Avorked<br />

among <strong>the</strong> Indians in this vicinity. As early as 1787, Zeisberger, a<br />

Moravian, took refuge from hostile Indians Avith his tribe near Fries'<br />

Landing. He built a toAvn <strong>the</strong>re and called it NCAV Salem, but remained<br />

only about six years, Avhen he AA'as* compelled to remove fur<strong>the</strong>r south,<br />

Avhere be died a feAV years later. In 1804 Rev. ,C. F. Dencke, a Moravian<br />

missionary from Canada, established <strong>the</strong> Indian Village <strong>of</strong> Paynothing<br />

or Pcquotting. on <strong>the</strong> ground Avliere Milan noAV stands. They remained<br />

here until about 1810, Avhen, on account <strong>of</strong> Avhite immigration, <strong>the</strong>y<br />

removed' to Canada, never again to return to <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron, on<br />

Avhose borders <strong>the</strong>ir huts once stretched in a broken line to a point<br />

some three or four miles below Milan.

80<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The mission Indians, it should be remembered, Avere only a small<br />

part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number living in <strong>the</strong> settlement. Comparatively little seems<br />

to have been accomplished in making converts among <strong>the</strong> mass <strong>of</strong> savages.<br />

Perhaps many more might have been added to <strong>the</strong> flock if it Avert* not for<br />

<strong>the</strong> disturbing influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> white man s arrival.<br />

The toAvnship is five miles square, and consequently contains 16,000<br />

acres, all <strong>of</strong> which lie within <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original Fireland grant.<br />

The folloAving tables SIIOAV who AA'ere <strong>the</strong> first OAvners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soil and<br />

also <strong>the</strong> original OAvners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sufferer's claims here compensated.<br />

Classification No. 1, Section 1<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £<br />

d. Classified by £<br />

Phillip Allyn<br />

AValter liccbc<br />

Thomas (ianliner ...<br />

David Gardiner<br />

9 15<br />

!) 9<br />

oo<br />

11 0<br />

0%<br />

8<br />

0<br />

0<br />

Guy Richards, et al<br />

Guy Iiicliards, ct al<br />

Guy Richards, et id<br />

Guy Richards, et al.....<br />

4<br />

5<br />

13<br />

0<br />

Abigail Holt 18 11 2 Guy Richards, et id 11<br />

Jas. McKver's heirs ... (500 0 0 Guy Richards, et al .'i(i(i<br />

Guidon Saltoiistall ....1,440 0 0 Guy Richards, et al 878<br />

Cor '1 's Cunningham .... 62 14 TVs Guy Richards, et al 58<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 1 1,344<br />

Classification<br />

Ain't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ ». d.<br />

Elam Luddington 408 (i - 7<br />

Abigail Hughes 37 12 5<br />

Samuel Bird<br />

Timothy Bonticon, Jr..<br />

Henry York<br />

Levi Pardee<br />

Amos Morrison<br />

Joseph Hutts<br />

Elonor Hoy<br />

•12<br />

13<br />

4<br />

3<br />

1<br />

1<br />

1<br />

Alice Miles 5<br />

Stephen Brown 19<br />

AVilliam Alley 9<br />

Neheminh Smith 9<br />

Adonijah Sherman 29<br />

Elijah Painter 14<br />

MaithtAv Oaks 19<br />

Jonah Mix 15<br />

Jabez Johnson 13<br />

Elijah Hills 16<br />

AA'illiam Greenough .... 27<br />

AVilliam Mansfield 47<br />

Xatlian Mansfield 3<br />

Johiel Forbes ,. 173<br />

Daniel Lyman 308<br />

Rev. McAA'illiston<br />

4<br />

12<br />

15<br />

0<br />

0<br />

9<br />

9<br />

11<br />

14<br />

17<br />

10<br />

13<br />

0<br />

10<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

4<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

4<br />

0<br />

4<br />

6<br />

0<br />

9<br />

6<br />

1<br />

8<br />

John 'Whitney, Esq 158 16 3<br />

John Woodward, Jr 740 19 11<br />

No. 2, Section 2<br />

Am 't Classed<br />

s.<br />

17<br />

.'{<br />

5<br />

9<br />

o<br />

0<br />

8<br />

19<br />

d.<br />

8%<br />

9%<br />

2%<br />

0%<br />

8'/a<br />

0<br />

0<br />

8 V,<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Samuel Hughes 408 0 7<br />

Samuel hughes 37 12 5<br />

Samuel Hughes 42 2 5<br />

Samuel Hughes 33<br />

Samuel Hughes<br />

Samuel Hughes<br />

Samuel Hughes<br />

Samuel Hughes<br />

Samuel Hughes<br />

Samuel Hughes<br />

Samuel Hughes<br />

Samuel Hughes<br />

Samuel Hughes 4<br />

Samuel Hughes 12<br />

Samuel Hughes 6<br />

Samuel Hughes 8<br />

Samuel Hughes 7<br />

Samuel Hughes 6<br />

Samuel Hughes 7<br />

Samuel Hughes 11<br />

AVilliam Mansfield 47<br />

AVilliam "Mansfield ..<br />

Johiel Forbes' heirs.<br />

Johiel Forbes' heirs.<br />

3<br />

173<br />

184<br />

Committee 21<br />

Committee 79<br />

Committee 233<br />

17<br />

8<br />

10<br />

0<br />

10<br />

10<br />

9<br />

4<br />

10<br />

19<br />

17<br />

10<br />

13<br />

3<br />

8<br />

15<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 2 1,344 7 0<br />

18<br />

0<br />

It)<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

(i<br />

7<br />

1<br />

0<br />

8<br />

6<br />

10<br />

0<br />

8<br />

9<br />

0<br />

1<br />

10<br />

1<br />

0<br />

8

Original Grantees<br />

Cor '1 's Cunningham .<br />

Joanna Beebe 236 2 6<br />

Joseph Cheels 75 11 C<br />

Ruth Harris 63 0 0<br />

Ann Hancock 140 8<br />

OAven Neal 91 14<br />

Bathsheba Skinner 180 0<br />

James Stewart 13 18<br />

James Tilley 1,533 10<br />

Rebecca Church 52 11 10<br />

Mat<strong>the</strong>w Griswold 10 0 0<br />

Elizabeth Holzwortli ... 4(1 8 0<br />

Nath'l Hempstead 7 1 10<br />

Thankful Stanton 8 9<br />

Roswcll Saltonstall 1,8110 I) O<br />

Joaunn Short 270 1-1 0<br />

Kdl.ert Gallup 11 fi 6<br />

John Barnes 84 6<br />

Jeremiah .Miller 2,585 18<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 81 *<br />

Classification No. 3, Section 3<br />

Am't .Loss Am't Classed<br />

£ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

62 14 7 Mi Guy Richards, and o<strong>the</strong>rs 3 14 11<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 59 0 7Va<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 45 6 U<br />

Ebenezer A\ery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 38 8 7<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 46 14, 6<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 91 14 C<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 60 0 0<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 8 7 1%<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 322 12 11<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 28 18 GVi<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 5 4 0<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 26 17 7<br />

Elienczer Avery, Jr., and.<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 3 3 10<br />

Ebenezer Avery, Jr., and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs 7 2<br />

John Kinsman SI 13 1*4<br />

Joanna Short 15 15 10<br />

Robert Gallup 11 (i (i<br />

7 ] /t Benjamin Trumbull 50 12 9VI<br />

9% John S. Miller 444 7 7Va<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 3 1,344 0<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d.<br />

Sarah Harris 177 7 5<br />

Jeremiah Miller 2.585 18 10<br />

Ephraim Minor 348 17 4<br />

Setli Sears 18 19 7<br />

Rufns Avery 132 IS 4<br />

Amos Ledyard 142 7 10<br />

Allies Prentice 566 1 6<br />

Classification No. 4, Section 4<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Sarah Harris' heirs 177 7 5<br />

John S. Miller 45 1 8Vi<br />

John S. Miller 348 17 4<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Seth Sears.... 13 19 7<br />

Committee 50 11 7*4<br />

Committee .'. 142 7 10<br />

.Robert Latham 566 1 6<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 4 1,344 7 0<br />

TAVO years after <strong>the</strong> survey Avas made David Abbott bought a tract<br />

<strong>of</strong> 800 a-cres <strong>of</strong> land lying in section Xo. 2, and upon both sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>.<br />

riA'cr. .Tared Ward became <strong>the</strong> first resident <strong>of</strong> Avery, IIOAV* called Milan,<br />

settling upon this tract in <strong>the</strong> same year, and immediately beginning<br />

preparations for farming upon <strong>the</strong> bottoms. John Wahvorth, <strong>of</strong> Cleve-

82 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

land, purchased <strong>the</strong> same year a large tract <strong>of</strong> land, which he soon"<br />

after sold to Charles Parker, AVIIO moved in with his family in 1810.<br />

Seelick Comstoek came <strong>the</strong> same year. A number <strong>of</strong> families located<br />

as squatters upon <strong>the</strong> lands that had been occupied and in a measure<br />

tilled by <strong>the</strong> Indians; lint most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m niOA'ed away during <strong>the</strong> Avar,<br />

not to return. Three settlements were formed Avhich made <strong>the</strong> points<br />

<strong>of</strong> a triangle, Q&which Milan afterwards became <strong>the</strong> center. Ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />

settlement AVIIS commenced in 1811, in <strong>the</strong> northwest corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tQAvnship,<br />

by Thomas Jeffrey, Josiah Smith, Dydimus and Elijah Kinney,<br />

and George Colvin. These settlements filled up rapidly, so that prior to<br />

<strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812, <strong>the</strong> number, including unmarried men, AVIIS not far<br />

from 225.<br />

BIRTHPLACE OK THOMAS A. EDISON, MILAN<br />

The following reminiscence <strong>of</strong> early Milan life by Mrs. Sarah Lock­<br />

Avood, AVIIO died in 11)14 aged eighty-seven years, AVIIS contributed by her<br />

granddaughter, Mrs. Verna Williams, wife <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present common pleas<br />

judge.<br />

In trying to recall various reminiscences and some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> experiences<br />

<strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> my ancestors I find many things that <strong>the</strong>y narrated that<br />

Avould be <strong>of</strong> interest.<br />

My memory goes back to <strong>the</strong> time when I AVIIS about seven years<br />

old, Avhen I SIIAV <strong>the</strong> Indians pass our bouse on <strong>the</strong>ir way through town<br />

to <strong>the</strong>ir home (IOAVII <strong>the</strong> river.<br />

They were ahvays very quiet and orderly. I remember <strong>the</strong>ir coming<br />

into our yard (IIOAV <strong>the</strong> Dixon home), going to <strong>the</strong> well and taking a<br />

drink from <strong>the</strong> bucket Avhich AVIIS on a well sweep. When leaving <strong>the</strong>y<br />

SIIAV mo<strong>the</strong>r's linking <strong>of</strong> bread, six or eight loaves placed out on <strong>the</strong> porch<br />

to cool. Each' one put a loaf under his arm and marched along. Mo<strong>the</strong>r<br />

saAV <strong>the</strong>m, picked up an ax near by and said, "If you don't bring back

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 83<br />

my bread, I'll have t,o chop <strong>of</strong>f your heads!" They put it back Avithout<br />

• a Avord and left. I have seen fa<strong>the</strong>r iirvite <strong>the</strong>m into <strong>the</strong> yard and treat<br />

<strong>the</strong>m to bread and gingerbread and <strong>the</strong>y Avould sit on <strong>the</strong> grass and<br />

eat it.<br />

Milan, at that time consisted <strong>of</strong> scattered houses AA'ith woods betAveen.<br />

Somethnes'our fires would go out, and Ave Avould have to go to a neighbor's<br />

to get a shovel full <strong>of</strong> coals. Before Ave reached home <strong>the</strong>y Avould<br />

go nearly out, and needed a good deal <strong>of</strong> coaxing Avith <strong>the</strong> bellows to<br />

make <strong>the</strong>m burn. In order to keep fire over night Ave had to bury<br />

<strong>the</strong> coajs in <strong>the</strong> ashes in <strong>the</strong> big fireplace. These fires furnished light<br />

to-read and knit by. It AVIIS a matter <strong>of</strong> great concern at that time<br />

to my fa<strong>the</strong>r IIOAV <strong>the</strong> future generations Avere going to procure fuel,<br />

as those large fireplaces consumed so much Avood. Having heard <strong>of</strong><br />

cooking-stoves made <strong>of</strong> iron, being a great saving <strong>of</strong> Avood, he sent for<br />

one and had it domiciled in our kitchen. It looked very odious to<br />

our eyes, that great black thing, Avith tAvo holes on top and a little<br />

bit <strong>of</strong> an oven, and all prophesied' that it Avould be a blank failure, but<br />

it bad come to stay, notAvithstanding i'ts many imperfections for <strong>the</strong><br />

stoves have beiljj improved like everything else.<br />

We missed <strong>the</strong> cheery light AA'hich <strong>the</strong> blazing fireplace (afforded.<br />

Our lights <strong>the</strong>n consisted <strong>of</strong> tallow candles made by tAvisting about a<br />

dozen candle \vicks around a stick and dipping <strong>the</strong>m in a large kettle •<br />

<strong>of</strong> talloAV moderately warm. Have tAvo parallel sticks resting ends<br />

on IAVO chairs or "horses" to hang <strong>the</strong> candle rods on while <strong>the</strong>y drip<br />

and cool. When cool enough repeat <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> dipping until you<br />

have <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> required size. Anyone AVIIO Avished to see good to read<br />

Avould take <strong>the</strong> candlestick in one hand and <strong>the</strong>ir book in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r.'<br />

Our mo<strong>the</strong>rs had become such expert knitters from long practice, ahvays<br />

knitting evenings and without much light. The spinning wheel ,.was one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> necessities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time and many times I used to watch our neighbor,<br />

.Mrs. AVaggoner, spin her stocking yarn and yarn for cloth. I Avas<br />

as much interested as if she AA'ere playing a piano. At that time Ave had<br />

a chance to buy <strong>of</strong> a peddler a clock Avhich Avas very beautiful and<br />

Avonderful to me. It AVIIS <strong>the</strong> first one I had ever seen. I Avas eight years<br />

old. It AVIIS set on <strong>the</strong> high mantel above <strong>the</strong> fireplace and is still ticking<br />

in <strong>the</strong> same house, and in my granddaughter's possession. It has been<br />

a silent listener to many stories told by pioneers,' IIOAV tAvo uncles and<br />

1 heir Avives, one with two children and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r'one, came from Nor­<br />

Avalk, Connecticut, January, 1816. They came AVMI tAvo horse teams<br />

and one N ox team and Avere three .months on <strong>the</strong> AVay, camping out nights.<br />

This side <strong>of</strong> Buffalo, Avhere Fredonia IIOAV is, <strong>the</strong> children and one aunt<br />

were taken sick Avith dysentery. Each family lost a child with it. Their<br />

oxen AA'ere droAvned and baggage lost or soaked in attempting to cross<br />

Catarraugus Creek on <strong>the</strong> ice. Their physician thought <strong>the</strong>ir illness Avas<br />

brought about by sleeping in rooms Avhore <strong>the</strong>y A/ere drying <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

Avet baggage.<br />

They finally reached <strong>the</strong>ir neAV homes in a double log house, built<br />

on <strong>the</strong> old state road, north <strong>of</strong> Ailing's Corners, and in comparatively

84 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

good health. Grandfa<strong>the</strong>r and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> uncles came out <strong>the</strong> year<br />

before and built <strong>the</strong> double log house.<br />

Crandfa<strong>the</strong>r Avas a sufferer from <strong>the</strong> depredations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British<br />

by fire at NorAvalk, Connecticut, and this land Avas granted him, <strong>the</strong>n<br />

called NCAV Connecticut. Soon after <strong>the</strong>ir arrival one <strong>of</strong> my aunts Avas<br />

taken very sick and uncle had to go to Detroit on horseback for a doctor.<br />

My parents and an uncle and <strong>the</strong>ir families came in 1819. The Erie<br />

Canal AVIIS not finished. They came Avith three Avagons and were six<br />

Aveeks on <strong>the</strong> road. They built a frame house opposite Avhere <strong>the</strong> Catholic<br />

school building IIOAV stands and had been in it but a short time<br />

Avhen <strong>the</strong>y Avent to visit <strong>the</strong> aunts, who came in 1816. One child, four<br />

years old, Avas left at home with <strong>the</strong>girl. He amused himself by SAveeping<br />

about <strong>the</strong> fireplace and set <strong>the</strong> lwoom away in an unfurnished room<br />

and <strong>the</strong> house AVIIS all ablaze before it AVIIS discovered, and Avhen <strong>the</strong>y<br />

came back <strong>the</strong>y found only smouldering ashes—but <strong>the</strong> ever hospitable<br />

home <strong>of</strong> Ebenezer Merry took <strong>the</strong>m in, until <strong>the</strong>y coilld convert <strong>the</strong><br />

cooper shop into a house in Avhich to stay, as it AVIIS mid-Avinter. I have<br />

six large spoons <strong>of</strong> mv mo<strong>the</strong>r's that Avere raked out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ashes <strong>the</strong><br />

next morning after <strong>the</strong> fire.<br />

My bro<strong>the</strong>r James had a cub bear for a pet. They had to kill it<br />

Avhen it Aviis five months old, as it began to SIIOAV ifs wild nature and<br />

Ave Avere afraid <strong>of</strong> it.<br />

Deer Avere very plenty in <strong>the</strong> Avoods and <strong>the</strong>y Avould <strong>of</strong>ten come up<br />

to our back door, but <strong>the</strong> least noise Avould frighten <strong>the</strong>m aAvay.<br />

T remember seeing Mrs. Adams, Mrs. Chapin, .Mrs. Saunders and<br />

Mrs. Henry LockAvood with <strong>the</strong>ir foot stoves, coming to church in <strong>the</strong><br />

old yellow,schoolhouse, which AVIIS used for "meetings."<br />

The industries <strong>of</strong> .Milan consisted <strong>of</strong> saAvmills, grist mills, lannery.<br />

shoe shop, blacksmith shop, pottery, ashery, cooper shop, hat shop,<br />

harness maker's shop and one country store, containing tin.* post<strong>of</strong>fice.<br />

Doctors kept <strong>the</strong>ir OAvn drugs. There Avas also a carding-machine and a<br />

rope-walk. This AVIIS a long IOAV building from street to street, and <strong>the</strong>y<br />

tAvisted <strong>the</strong> rope by means <strong>of</strong> a large and small Avheel, turned by hand.<br />

It-Avas a grand place for us girls to go and have a good race, which Ave<br />

Avert* privileged to do to our heart's content, provided AVO Avould agree not<br />

to get our hair tAvisted in <strong>the</strong> ropes. At <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building AVIIS a<br />

big kettle <strong>of</strong> tar and it bad a lever that Avent round and round to lift<br />

<strong>the</strong> ropes out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> kettle. This AVIIS where Ave took our rides, by taking<br />

turns pushing each o<strong>the</strong>r around—and <strong>the</strong> tar compound afforded us<br />

plenty <strong>of</strong> chcAving gum.<br />

About this time Huron Institute Avas built and began to flourish,<br />

bringing in many students. Also <strong>the</strong> old brick Pesbyterian Church<br />

AVIIS built, and began to flourish. Rev. Overton Judson called it his big<br />

red baby. Business greAv, more stores and different industries sprung<br />

up—Avarehouses, AA'hich had been gradually added, received a neAV<br />

impetus, and <strong>the</strong> canal, Avhich had been so successfully begun Avas<br />

carried on through much opposition and many discouragements. There<br />

was no such Avord'as fail Avith <strong>the</strong> projectors and <strong>the</strong> four miles <strong>of</strong> canal

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 85<br />

from town was built to connect with <strong>the</strong> Huron River, where it would<br />

be deep enough for navigation, was pushed with great celerity. The<br />

basin was lined Avith warehouses in three years. More grain was taken<br />

in and out <strong>of</strong> Milan than at any o<strong>the</strong>r lake port, and continued so until<br />

<strong>the</strong>y began to build railroads south and west <strong>of</strong> us, which opened up<br />

to many people a more direct route to <strong>the</strong> pastern markets—so noAV I<br />

Avill only say that Milan is a pleasant, quiet town to rusticate in.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> April 4, 1881, Mr. L. A. Hine <strong>of</strong> Berlin Township<br />

gives a description <strong>of</strong> what pioneer life meant'to a Avoman in early days.<br />

He says:<br />

"From my earliest recollection (and I was born in 1819) and during<br />

all my youth my mo<strong>the</strong>r's work Avas as follows:<br />

"1. The house work and rearing seven children,<br />

'' 2. Making butter, and during <strong>the</strong> hot season frbm 25 to 35 pounds<br />

<strong>of</strong> cheese a day.<br />

"3. Spinning and Aveaving AVOOI and flax, and making <strong>the</strong> family<br />

clothing for summer and Avinter.<br />

"My mo<strong>the</strong>r continued to do all this work alone and kept up her<br />

laborious habits to <strong>the</strong> last, and when <strong>the</strong> death bolt struck her at<br />

eighty-two, <strong>the</strong> stocking she Avas knitting fell from her- hands.<br />

"Formerly farmers purchased very little at <strong>the</strong> stores, except groceries,<br />

to a limited extent, and notions that AA'ere indispensable. C<strong>of</strong>fee<br />

Avas not used at all. I did not taste it until nearly an adult. Tea was<br />

only used by old women and visiting parties. Sugar AVIIS little used<br />

and much <strong>of</strong> it AVIIS <strong>of</strong> domestic production. Cider floAved like Avater<br />

<strong>the</strong> year round but it generally got pretty hard in July. Then<br />

Avomen AA'ere proud <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> large amount <strong>of</strong> work <strong>the</strong>y could perform and<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dignity <strong>of</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>rhood in a large family. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three Ann's<br />

AVIIO first lived in an arbor <strong>of</strong> poles and brush and gave <strong>the</strong> name to<br />

Ann Arbor, Michigan, was asked many years ago IIOAV many children<br />

she had reared, and replied, 'I set out to have 12, but only had 7. I<br />

made up for it by raising 5 grandchildren.' Then a Avoman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

highest rank in <strong>the</strong> rural district could go several miles to church on<br />

foot, IIOAV <strong>the</strong>y will scarcely Avalk half a mile to hear a prophet."<br />

The War <strong>of</strong> 1812 cheeked <strong>the</strong> groAvth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlement and drove<br />

many people aAvay. Shortly after Hull's surrender a party AA'ere seen<br />

landing on <strong>the</strong> lake shore, and <strong>the</strong> scarlet coats <strong>of</strong> some soldiers in <strong>the</strong><br />

party caused <strong>the</strong> settlers to think*that <strong>the</strong> British Avere invading in<br />

force. The entire country-side Avas throAvn into <strong>the</strong> Avildest panic. The<br />

people all left <strong>the</strong>ir homes, many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m without sufficient food or<br />

clothing, and fled in <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> Mansfield. By <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong>y<br />

reached <strong>the</strong> state road, leading south, <strong>the</strong> only one <strong>the</strong>n open, night had'<br />

come on. The company had increased to such an extent that <strong>the</strong> road<br />

was thronged for half a mile. About midnight <strong>the</strong> panic was arrested<br />

by <strong>the</strong> appearance in <strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> men carrying packs, but not armed.<br />

It was <strong>the</strong>n discovered that <strong>the</strong> British had landed merely to send home

86 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

some <strong>of</strong> Bull's soldiers that <strong>the</strong>y had captured at Detroit. In <strong>the</strong> morning<br />

part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> croAvd went on to Mansfield, and <strong>the</strong> rest returned, picked<br />

up what <strong>the</strong>y could, and <strong>the</strong>n passed doAvn <strong>the</strong> lake to Black River and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r points. The men <strong>the</strong>n organized a militia company, with -Joseph<br />

(jjuigley, <strong>of</strong> Black River, captain, and David Barrett, <strong>of</strong> Milan, lieutenant,<br />

and returned to Huron.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong> several o<strong>the</strong>r companies and <strong>the</strong> main army.<br />

General Perkins established Camp Avery on <strong>the</strong> east side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron<br />

River, on lands OAvned by Ebenezer Merry. Those among <strong>the</strong> soldiers<br />

who lived in <strong>the</strong> immediate vicinity AA'ere <strong>the</strong>n disbanded that <strong>the</strong>y might<br />

attend to <strong>the</strong>ir Avork, subject to call in case <strong>of</strong> need.<br />

The soldiers remained at this camp until <strong>the</strong> folloAving Avinter, a<br />

company <strong>of</strong> rangers also being stationed at a block house that Avas built<br />

in section 4, <strong>of</strong> Milan ToAvnship, upon <strong>the</strong> farm <strong>of</strong> Charles Parker.<br />

Their duty Avas to protect <strong>the</strong> vicinity from British soldiers and from<br />

bands <strong>of</strong> marauding Indians AVIIO had formerly lived in <strong>the</strong> neighborhood.<br />

Many times <strong>the</strong> settlers had to abandon <strong>the</strong>ir homes and take shelter in<br />

<strong>the</strong> fort. Once a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> army Avas dispatched after <strong>the</strong> enemy<br />

to <strong>the</strong> peninsula. They found and attacked <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong>re. In this skirmish<br />

Alexander Mason Avas killed Avith Mr. Rainsdell and Daniel Mingus.<br />

TAVO men, Seymour and Pixley, AVIIO Avent out from Parker's Blockhouse<br />

one morning to cut doAvn a bee tree, Avere set upon by Indians. Seymour<br />

AVIIS killed and Pixley taken prisoner. Indians Avere constantly lurking<br />

about, and <strong>the</strong> settlers Avere in a state <strong>of</strong> constant anxiety. Every<br />

unusual sound AVIIS feared to be <strong>the</strong> signal for a massacre. Fortunately<br />

<strong>the</strong>re AVIIS no such general attack, and when peace came <strong>the</strong> settlers<br />

who had gone aAvay began to return; many HCAV people came in, and <strong>the</strong><br />

settlement began to groAv and prosper..<br />

There is reason to believe thai <strong>the</strong> first white child born to any <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> permanent settlers <strong>of</strong> Milan AVIIS a daughter <strong>of</strong> Lazarus Young, afterwards<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avife <strong>of</strong> Amherst Milliman, <strong>of</strong> ToAvnsend. Huron County.<br />

The first physicians Avere Doctors (ioodAvin and (iuthrie. Before<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir arrival in <strong>the</strong> settlement people in need <strong>of</strong> medical attention Avere<br />

obliged to send to Cleveland, from which place a Doctor Long frequently<br />

came to Milan.<br />

The first military company upon <strong>the</strong> fire-lands AVIIS formed in <strong>the</strong> fall<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1811 and met for its first muster on April 1st folloAving at .John B.<br />

Fleiii()iid"s. David Barrett, <strong>of</strong> Milan, AVIIS elected captain.<br />

The first log house AVIIS built by a party <strong>of</strong> young men. Barrett.<br />

Nathaniel Olines. Sell) Hayes, Ebenezer Hayes. F. W. Fowler. Stephen<br />

"Worthington and L. Durand, in 1810. and AVIIS located in section 2. This<br />

AA'as <strong>the</strong> second improvement by Avhite inhabitants, <strong>the</strong> first being Injured<br />

Ward on <strong>the</strong> opposite side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river.<br />

The first framed buildings Avere a barn and bouse built by David<br />

Abbott.<br />

Until 18<strong>20</strong> this toAvnship Avas included in Huron ToAvnship, and <strong>the</strong><br />

first election was held at John B. Flemond's, on <strong>the</strong> east bank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river.<br />

and about tAvo miles from <strong>the</strong> lake. Jabez Wright and David Abbott

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 87<br />

Avere elected justices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace; F. W. FoAvler, constable, and Almon<br />

Ru'ggles, recorder.<br />

February 7, 1809, <strong>the</strong> Legislature authorized <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> Huron<br />

County, embracing all <strong>the</strong> fire-lands. January 29, 1811, <strong>the</strong> Legislature<br />

appointed as commissioners to fix <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county, E. Quinby, <strong>of</strong><br />

Trumbull County; Stephen Clark, <strong>of</strong> Geauga, and Solomon GrisAVold,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Ashtabula. They located <strong>the</strong> county- seat at Camp Avery, about a<br />

mile beloAV <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> Milan Village. The first court" was held at this<br />

point, or at <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> David Abbott, in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1815, in AA'hich<br />

TOWN HALL, MILAN<br />

year <strong>the</strong> county AVIIS organized. Considerable dissatisfaction Avas expressed<br />

by those who attended this court, because <strong>the</strong>re AA'as no good<br />

water procurable, and somebody suggested that good Avater might be<br />

found on <strong>the</strong> sand ridge running through Norwalk ToAvnship. This<br />

caused a movement, that resulted in <strong>the</strong> county seat being taken aAvay<br />

from Milan in 1818 by a process similar to that by which it Avas<br />

originally.<br />

A courthouse Avas commenced in 1817, on <strong>the</strong> Abbott farm, but AA-as<br />

never finished.<br />

The earliest religious meetings in^Milan. othcMhan those held by <strong>the</strong><br />

Moravian missionaries, Avere irregular ga<strong>the</strong>rings at barns and private

88 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

houses addressed by various itinerant preachers. Among <strong>the</strong>se was <strong>the</strong><br />

Rev. Milton Badger, who preached in <strong>the</strong> Abbott settlement before <strong>the</strong><br />

war and was chaplain at Fort Avery during <strong>the</strong> war. The Methodists<br />

organized a class in <strong>the</strong> Jeffry neighborhood as early as 1816, and Thomas<br />

Jeffry was its leader! The Rev. Fr. Gurley, Reverend Mr. Manger, <strong>the</strong><br />

earnest and eccentric James Mclntyre, Rev. Mr. Tillotson, "who spoke<br />

under <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> spirits—from a bottle," were among <strong>the</strong> early<br />

preachers <strong>of</strong> this denomination.<br />

The Methodist Episcopal Church was not organized until 1830, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> building was erected in 1845. It has been fortunate in <strong>the</strong> pastors<br />

assigned, and its membership, though never large, has been drawn from<br />

a very intellectual portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community. In 1888, through <strong>the</strong><br />

efforts <strong>of</strong> Mrs. J. C. Lockwood, <strong>the</strong> building Avas remodelled and improved.<br />

The Presbyterian Church was organized at Spears Corners in 1818,<br />

under <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First Congregational. Church <strong>of</strong> Huron, Rev. W.<br />

Williams and Alvin Coe, <strong>of</strong> Connecticut, presiding. The first members<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church were William Spears and wife, Gilbert Sexton and wife,<br />

Mrs. Eleanor Adams and her sons, William and Philo. Meetings were<br />

held alternately at <strong>the</strong> residences <strong>of</strong> S. Adams and Mr. Spears for some<br />

time, <strong>the</strong> pastor being Rev. Lot B. Sullivan. In 1823 <strong>the</strong> church removed<br />

to Milan. The first <strong>of</strong>ficers—two deacons—AA'ere elected in 1824.<br />

They AA'ere Henry Buckingham and Joseph Demond. The next year <strong>the</strong><br />

church changed to <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian form <strong>of</strong> government, and elected<br />

three ruling elders: William Spears, Joseph Demond and David Everett.<br />

At this time <strong>the</strong>re Avere thirty-seven members. After <strong>the</strong> removal to<br />

<strong>the</strong> village meetings AA'ere held in a schoolhouse which stood on <strong>the</strong> lot<br />

IIOAV occupied by <strong>the</strong> town hall, and afterAvards in fhe yelloAV schoolhouse.<br />

The call for service was <strong>the</strong> bloAving <strong>of</strong> a horn. Under <strong>the</strong> pastorate <strong>of</strong><br />

Rev. E. Judson, AVIIO came to <strong>the</strong> church in 1829, a revival AA'as experienced,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> organization began to groAV. The church was incorporated<br />

in 1828, and in 1837 a substantial building Avas completed by<br />

contributions <strong>of</strong> Avork and material. For some time after <strong>the</strong> leaving<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir first pastor <strong>the</strong> church Avas without a settled minister, and <strong>the</strong><br />

pulpit Avas occasionally filled by supplies. The next regular pastor Avas<br />

Rev. Thomas L. Shipman, folloAved in succession by Isaac S. Demund,<br />

W. M. Adams, Everton Judson, NeAvton Barrett, J. M. Hayes, Alanson<br />

Hartpence, J. II. Walters and W. L. Swan. The longest ministry was<br />

that <strong>of</strong> Mr. Walters, who came in 1855 and labored here for thirty<br />

years.<br />

St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church, Milan.—The earliest record<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> St. Luke's Church in Milan is found in a paper<br />

covered book, yelloAV AA'ith age, which contains <strong>the</strong> articles <strong>of</strong> association,<br />

<strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> baptism, confirmation and marriage, <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> communicants<br />

and <strong>the</strong> minutes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first meeting <strong>of</strong> a vestry.<br />

The first meeting for <strong>the</strong> election <strong>of</strong> a vestry Avas held in <strong>the</strong> study<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rev. T. R. Taylor on <strong>the</strong> evening <strong>of</strong> January 17, 1846. James H.<br />

Kennedy having been appointed secretary pro tern <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 89<br />

election was as follows: John P. Worstell, senior warden; Hamilton<br />

Colton, junior warden; Alexander McClure, treasurer; Joseph P. Williams,<br />

John Stevens and Dr. W. F. Dean as <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r members.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parish <strong>the</strong>re Avere ten communicants. The<br />

visitation <strong>of</strong> Bishop Mcllvain Avas on June <strong>20</strong>, 1847, when <strong>the</strong> corner<br />

stone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first church was laid and a class <strong>of</strong> five were confirmed.<br />

Since 1873 church services have been conducted by lay-readers or by<br />

<strong>the</strong> neighboring clergy from Norwalk, Monroeville, Sandusky and Huron.<br />

There is a German Reformed Lu<strong>the</strong>ran Church at Union Corners,<br />

in <strong>the</strong> northwestern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township. This church has a very large<br />

congregation.<br />

The Friends-, or Quakers, have a little church at Homer Page's<br />

Corners, above Fries Landing, which accommodates quite a number <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> people in that vicinity. This church was erected largely through <strong>the</strong><br />

efforts <strong>of</strong> Peter and Dorexa Hathaway, Peter Hathaway, Jr., Mr. and<br />

Mrs. T. B. Eddy, John Everingham, <strong>the</strong> Rosekelleys,fV. Fries, Homer<br />

Page and wife, John Baleam, <strong>the</strong> Rickards, A. Paul, A. Ruggles, Benjamin<br />

Wilcox, Calvin Gwin, C. Parker, Mrs. George Eddy, Mr. and Mrs.<br />

W. II. Eddy, Mrs. Carleton Bailey and o<strong>the</strong>rs to whom <strong>the</strong> church and<br />

community stand indebted. Mrs. Alida Romick, an eloquent evangelist<br />

from Sou<strong>the</strong>astern Ohio, preached <strong>the</strong> dedication sermon. Revs. George<br />

Bartlett, Charles Sweet and William Nicholson, able, earnest Christian<br />

ministers, have from time to time given <strong>the</strong>ir services to this congregation.<br />

Popular education received early attention. A private school Avas<br />

supported in <strong>the</strong> Abbott neighborhood at a very early day. Miss Gilbert,<br />

from Newburg, AVIIS <strong>the</strong> teacher. She later married Doctor GoodAvin.<br />

In 1817 a schoolhouse Avas built at Spear's Corners, and Marshall<br />

Miller was <strong>the</strong> first teacher.<br />

At Milan Village, tAvo years later, Miss Susie Williams opened <strong>the</strong><br />

first school taught <strong>the</strong>re, in a neAV barn OAvned by Squire Merry. The<br />

second schoolhouse in <strong>the</strong> toAvnship AA'as erected on <strong>the</strong> Eagle Tavern<br />

corner (East Church Street and <strong>Public</strong> Square), AA'here <strong>the</strong> toAA'n hall<br />

noAV stands. In 1824 <strong>the</strong> old yelloAV schoolhouse was built on West<br />

Church Street, afterAvards removed to Center Street, and finally, with<br />

<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r small school buildings, eom'erted into <strong>the</strong> Cooper Business Block<br />

at <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill.<br />

When <strong>the</strong> present public school system Avas inaugurated, in 1849, ,<br />

Milan vyas prompt to avail herself <strong>of</strong> its privileges, but Avith considerable<br />

debate and excitement. The members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first school board and.<br />

Alien Bartow AA'ere strong advocates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong> general education.<br />

The latter was a young mechanic at <strong>the</strong> time and made his first public<br />

speech defending it in reply to a <strong>the</strong>n moneyed citizen, Avho afterAvards<br />

became an ardent friend <strong>of</strong> free educational institutions.<br />

The old brick school building on South Center Street Avas erected <strong>the</strong><br />

year after <strong>the</strong> enabling law Avas passed, and at that time was one <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> most substantial and convenient public school buildings in <strong>the</strong> state.<br />

A fine and beautiful structure <strong>of</strong> brick, trimmed in sand-stone, Avas

90 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

built in 1884. It is in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a cross, has all modern conveniences<br />

and is Avell lighted. The architecture is very fine.<br />

' The first school board, elected in 1849, AVIIS composed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> folloAving<br />

named men, prominent at Hie time in local affairs, and in several instances<br />

becoming quite Avidely known in business enterprises at o<strong>the</strong>r points in<br />

<strong>the</strong> state: Daniel Hamilton, J. 11. Kennedy, George Barney, Hiram<br />

McMillan, S. F. Taylor and Harry Chase. The first superintendent employed<br />

AVIIS C. V. Koyce.<br />

Huron Institute is an educational establishment located near <strong>the</strong> south<br />

end <strong>of</strong> Seminary Street, adjoining <strong>the</strong> cemetery. Its existence is one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extensive revivals <strong>of</strong> religion in <strong>the</strong> churches <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron Presbytery in <strong>the</strong> years 1830 and 1831. It was incorporated in<br />

1832. It AVIIS proposed to raise #4,000 at <strong>the</strong> start for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong><br />

securing a site and erecting a building. The people <strong>of</strong> Milan subscribed<br />

one-half <strong>of</strong> this sum on <strong>the</strong> condition that <strong>the</strong> institute should be located<br />

in <strong>the</strong>ir village. The first term AVIIS opened in April, 1832, in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

<strong>of</strong> J. Smith, Esq., with six students present. Before <strong>the</strong> quarter was<br />

finished tAventy-five AA'ere enrolled. The first principal AVIIS Rev. E.<br />

Barber. The second quarter began with thirty-six students, and before<br />

<strong>the</strong> year AVIIS ended over ninety names Avere upon <strong>the</strong> roll—forty-six<br />

males' and forty-four females. By <strong>the</strong> third year <strong>the</strong> building AVIIS<br />

finished and <strong>the</strong> attendance ran up to 127. It AVIIS <strong>the</strong> desire <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

trustees to place education within <strong>the</strong> reach <strong>of</strong> all who Avould avail<br />

<strong>the</strong>mselves <strong>of</strong> it. and in this <strong>the</strong>y succeeded as nearly as AVIIS possible.<br />

The tuition AVIIS fixed at -+4 per quarter in <strong>the</strong> classical department and<br />

at !r'3 in <strong>the</strong> English and female department, and <strong>the</strong> principal took il<br />

upon himself to furnish instruction from <strong>the</strong> avails <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tuifion bills.<br />

Hoard was furnished by many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best families <strong>of</strong> Milan at merely<br />

nominal rates. No student AVIIS ever refused admission or dismissed<br />

because too poor to pay bis Avay in <strong>the</strong> institute.<br />

Henry ISalleiitine, AVIIO afterAvard became a missionary 1o India. Avas<br />

assistant principal at first, but be AVIIS soon succeeded by B. .Judson. AVIIO<br />

AVIIS assisted in <strong>the</strong> Avork by Mrs. E. A. Hubbard and Mrs. C. Stuart.<br />

S. C. Hickok succeeded Principal Barber in 1835. Mr. Ilickok Avas<br />

followed in 1843 by II. W. Williams, and be in 1848 by Rev. L. Bliss.<br />

In 1850 T. S. Bradley became principal, and between this and 1858 N.<br />

BarroAvs. 1). Sayles and J. McKee Avere respectively at <strong>the</strong> bead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

institution.<br />

RCA-. Asa Bruiiiard and Pr<strong>of</strong>. Samuel F. Xewinan leased <strong>the</strong> building<br />

in 1850 and established <strong>the</strong> Western Reserve Normal School. This<br />

school AVIIS a decided success, and a very great benefit to <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> village, as its reputation became so good under <strong>the</strong> joint management<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se gentlemen, and <strong>the</strong> subsequent management <strong>of</strong> Mr. Newman<br />

alone, that students, and even residents. Avere brought to Milan from<br />

great distances to secure <strong>the</strong> benefits <strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong> culture Avbieb it <strong>of</strong>fered at a<br />

merely nominal cost.<br />

Miss Delia Palmer, in 1871, took charge, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Normal and Avas<br />

very successfully assisted in her efforts by Pr<strong>of</strong>. Charles Williams. Miss

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 91<br />

Palmer conducted <strong>the</strong> school alone after <strong>the</strong> first year or so, until it<br />

AVIIS leased by Pr<strong>of</strong>essor LiiAvrenct* and afterAvards came under <strong>the</strong> management<br />

<strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. B. B. Hall.<br />

The first Avagon road A\HS cut out and cleared by Ebenezer Hayes and<br />

F. W. FOAVICI- in <strong>the</strong> Avinter <strong>of</strong> 1810-11 from <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron<br />

River on <strong>the</strong> east side, up <strong>the</strong> river to <strong>the</strong> Abbott farm, and <strong>the</strong>nce<br />

sou<strong>the</strong>rly, past <strong>the</strong> farms <strong>of</strong> Ebenezer and Hosmer Merry and Gundin<br />

Perrin, to <strong>the</strong> north and south section line <strong>of</strong> Nonvalk.<br />

The Columbia Road AVIIS opened <strong>the</strong> same winter, from <strong>the</strong> east side<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river to <strong>the</strong> east line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tire-lands, Avhere it<br />

joined a road from Columbia ToAvnship, Lorain County.<br />

Ano<strong>the</strong>r road was laid out in <strong>the</strong> Avestern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township in 1811<br />

by Jabez Wright, Jared Ward and Charles Barnum. It lead from <strong>the</strong><br />

lake shore, west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rh'er, sou<strong>the</strong>rly past <strong>the</strong> farms<br />

<strong>of</strong> Wright and Ward to <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Charles Parker, in <strong>the</strong> fourth<br />

section <strong>of</strong> Milan, and <strong>the</strong>nce up <strong>the</strong> rh'er to to Monroeville, and from<br />

that point. sou<strong>the</strong>rly to NeAV Haven, on nearly <strong>the</strong> same line that is<br />

traversed today. «<br />

The Village <strong>of</strong> Beatty, IIOAV Milan, AA'as laid out in 1814 by FA Merry,<br />

fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> E. Merry, Jr., AVIIO resided in Milan until his death^i 1888,<br />

and <strong>of</strong> Elizabeth, AVIIO resided with her bro<strong>the</strong>r. In 1816 Mr. Merry, Avith<br />

J. C. Smith and Isaac Tapper, began erecting a saAV and grist mill near<br />

toAvn. The former, Avho AVIIS a large land OAvner and a man <strong>of</strong> considerable<br />

enterprise, bought out his partners before <strong>the</strong> mill Avas completed,<br />

and, finishing it alone, operated it for some time to <strong>the</strong> satisfaction<br />

<strong>of</strong> residents for miles around. Tn 1819 F. W. FoAvler removed to Milan<br />

Village from Abbotts, ami in 18<strong>20</strong> he opened a public house which<br />

accommodated boarders up to 1842.<br />

Tn 1823 a meeting <strong>of</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> Milan and <strong>the</strong> toAvnship adjoining AVIIS<br />

held at <strong>the</strong> bouse <strong>of</strong> F. W. FoAvler to consider <strong>the</strong> building <strong>of</strong> a harbor at<br />

<strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river. A committee AA'IIS appointed, consisting <strong>of</strong> George<br />

W. Clioate, Philo Adams, N. P. Mason, Schuyler Van Rensselaer, David<br />

Gibbs. Frederick 'Forsyth, N. M. Standart. James Williams and Ralph<br />

LockAvood, to consider <strong>the</strong> feasibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plan. AfterAvard a company<br />

Avas organized Avith five directors: Jabez Wright. Philo Adams, II. N.<br />

Jenkins. N. M. Standart and B. N. Adams. The Avork AVIIS begun in<br />

1824. under <strong>the</strong> superintendence <strong>of</strong> Charles Wheaton. <strong>of</strong> Milan, and<br />

Avhen he died, <strong>the</strong> following 1 fall. Zebulon Stevens, <strong>of</strong> Huron, AVIIS elected<br />

to his place. The company's money AVIIS exhausted before <strong>the</strong> Avork AVIIS<br />

finished. Avhen <strong>the</strong> National Govenwneiit took it up and completed it.<br />

Milan Canal.—The folloAving appeared in <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong><br />

May 5, 1824:<br />

"In conformity Avith <strong>the</strong> authority vested in us, and in discbarge <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> duties required <strong>of</strong> us, Ave, <strong>the</strong> undersigned, on <strong>the</strong> 12th day <strong>of</strong> April.<br />

1.824, proceeded to make <strong>the</strong> necessary survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> canal route from <strong>the</strong><br />

village <strong>of</strong> Milan to <strong>the</strong> navigable Avaters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron River, near <strong>the</strong><br />

former seat <strong>of</strong> justice for this county.<br />

"The engineers and acting committee, having carefully looked <strong>the</strong>

92 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

ground over which <strong>the</strong> canal will pass, marked out <strong>the</strong> route. At <strong>the</strong><br />

commencement <strong>of</strong> this, <strong>the</strong>y find a very convenient situation for <strong>the</strong><br />

summit-pond, which' may be formed by a very small dam across <strong>the</strong><br />

Huron, which from estimates by actual experience, can be constructed<br />

for $300, with an ample supply <strong>of</strong> water at all seasons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year.<br />

With this expense, <strong>the</strong> summit-pond will be perfectly secure from floods.<br />

" It is found by actual measurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avater <strong>the</strong> whole<br />

distance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> contemplated canal, that it "will be seven feet and six<br />

inches. The whole ground over which <strong>the</strong> canal will pass is bottom land,<br />

SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, MILAN<br />

and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> easiest kind <strong>of</strong> aquateneus earth for excavating. The whole<br />

distance is three miles, and entirely <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> above description <strong>of</strong> earth.<br />

From excavations actually made in <strong>the</strong> same kind <strong>of</strong> earth, it is found<br />

that <strong>the</strong> excavation may be made at an expense <strong>of</strong> six (6) cents a square<br />

yard, and at this rate a boat navigation <strong>of</strong> four feet deep and 30 feet<br />

in width may be made at an expenditure <strong>of</strong> $1,500 per mile, and consequently<br />

<strong>the</strong> three miles <strong>of</strong> excavation may be made for <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong><br />

$4,500. Add to this <strong>the</strong> dam and <strong>the</strong> excaA'ation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> summit-pond,<br />

.$300, equals $4,800. It is believed that tAvo locks Avill be necessary—<br />

one at or near <strong>the</strong> summit-pond, and one at <strong>the</strong> entrance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> canal<br />

from <strong>the</strong> river, at an expenditure <strong>of</strong> $300 each; to which add <strong>the</strong> above

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 93<br />

and AVC have $5,400. Some grubbing <strong>of</strong> timber and o<strong>the</strong>r contingent<br />

expenses, say $400, Avhich added to <strong>the</strong> above makes $5,800.<br />

"It is believed that this expense will be more than counter-balanced<br />

by <strong>the</strong> great advantage Avhich <strong>the</strong> thriving village <strong>of</strong> Milan will derive<br />

from <strong>the</strong> canal. Nearly one-half <strong>the</strong> above sum is already <strong>of</strong>fered to be<br />

advanced by responsible individuals.<br />

"GEO. W. CHOATE,<br />

"<strong>MB</strong>. BATES, <strong>of</strong> N. Y.,<br />

"GEO. LOCKWOOD,<br />

"Committee.<br />

"P. R. HOPKINS,<br />

"Cms. WlIEATON,<br />

"Engineers."<br />

The Village <strong>of</strong> Milan AAIIS laid out in 1817. It at that time contained<br />

tAvo log houses or cabins.<br />

The action above stated constituted <strong>the</strong> first step tOAvard <strong>the</strong> canal<br />

Avhich AVIIS commenced some six years later and completed for use in<br />

1839, a. period <strong>of</strong> fifteen years from <strong>the</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> above estimate.<br />

In 1827-28 B. N. Abbott built <strong>the</strong> schooner Mary Abbott at <strong>the</strong> home<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family on <strong>the</strong> river. In 1829 he made a prosperous voyage to<br />

New York City via Huron River. Lake Erie, <strong>the</strong> Erie Canal and <strong>the</strong><br />

Hudson River, disposing <strong>of</strong> a load <strong>of</strong> Ohio produce and purchasing a<br />

cargo <strong>of</strong> goods needed in <strong>the</strong> West, returning safely home. II. N. Jenkins<br />

built Hie schooner Louisa Jenkins across <strong>the</strong> river at about <strong>the</strong> same time,<br />

but be confined his navigating expeditions to <strong>the</strong> river and Lake Erie.<br />

A charter AVIIS granted Hie Milan Canal Company, Avhich in 1828<br />

proposed to dig a canal some three or four miles long, so that <strong>the</strong> village<br />

might be reached by such sailing craft as bad been navigating <strong>the</strong> river<br />

up to Ward's Landing and Abbotts. E. Merry, Ralph LockAvood, George<br />

LockAvood, T. Baker and J. Wright AA'ere named in <strong>the</strong> charter as commissioners<br />

1o open books for subscriptions to <strong>the</strong> stock. The subscribers<br />

assembled at <strong>the</strong> home <strong>of</strong> F. AY. Fowler on August 27, 1831, and elected<br />

<strong>the</strong>,following directors: E. Merry. E. AndreAvs, George LockAvood. D.<br />

Hamilton and F. AY. FoAvler. AVork AVIIS begun on <strong>the</strong> canal in 1832,<br />

and completed, after numerous delays and discouragements, in 1839.<br />

This artificial Avaterway AVIIS <strong>of</strong> vast importance at that time from <strong>the</strong><br />

fact <strong>the</strong>re Avere no raihA'ays, and it afforded an outlet for immense<br />

quantities <strong>of</strong> grain. It Avas costly to Milan later, hoAvever, as it made<br />

<strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> that village so independent that <strong>the</strong>y refused a right <strong>of</strong> Avay<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore Railroad, and that line went through NorAvalk, AA'hich<br />

was <strong>the</strong>n an unimportant village.<br />

The organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old canal company was still continued for<br />

Hie purpose <strong>of</strong> holding <strong>the</strong> charter privileges for <strong>the</strong> AV. & L. E. R. R.<br />

Co. s right <strong>of</strong> Avay, but it has been many years since <strong>the</strong> old canal would<br />

float even a IWV boat, except at times <strong>of</strong> freshet. Avhen <strong>the</strong> river overfknvs<br />

its banks. The first vessel to arrive at Milan by <strong>the</strong> canal was quite a<br />

curiosity, and its captain AVIIS a popular hero. When Captain Moran

94 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

and his schooner, <strong>the</strong> KeAvaune, <strong>of</strong> 150 tons, arrived on <strong>the</strong> 4th <strong>of</strong> July,<br />

1839, he AVIIS met by a procession <strong>of</strong> 500 people with music and banners,<br />

and presented with an American flag by Miss Maria Butinan, acting<br />

for <strong>the</strong> patriotic ladies <strong>of</strong> Milan.<br />

With'<strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> canal Milan at once became an important<br />

lake port. In <strong>the</strong> matters <strong>of</strong> securing <strong>the</strong> grain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> interior, and<br />

lumber for ship building, <strong>the</strong>re AVIIS a considerable advantage in lying<br />

some eight or nine miles from <strong>the</strong> lake.<br />

A scheme to connect Milan with Columbus by a railroad from <strong>the</strong><br />

bead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> canal through NorAvalk and o<strong>the</strong>r villages AVIIS inaugurated at<br />

about <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong> old Mad River Railroad AVIIS built, but for some<br />

unknown reason <strong>the</strong> project fell through.<br />

Soon after <strong>the</strong> canal AVIIS finished <strong>the</strong> enterprising ciiizens <strong>of</strong> Milan<br />

began active steps in <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> permanent improvements and substantial<br />

business projects. Warehouses Avere erected along <strong>the</strong> upper<br />

canal basin and <strong>the</strong> buyers <strong>of</strong> grain Avere reAvarded Avifh a trade that<br />

covered a .section reaching in a sou<strong>the</strong>rly direction for more than a<br />

hundred miles. Great covered Avagons. draAvn by four or more horses,<br />

came in trains to town, and Milan held <strong>the</strong> greater part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir trade,<br />

though at times considerable numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> farmers passed on (IOAVII<br />

<strong>the</strong> river to Huron in anticipation <strong>of</strong> a higher price for <strong>the</strong>ir grain.<br />

The canal gave quite an impetus 1o ship building as well as commerce.<br />

The fine Avhite oak timber in <strong>the</strong> vicinity AVIIS utilized for this purpose<br />

by numerous builders at Ibeir yards on ei<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> basin. heloAv<br />

<strong>the</strong> hill on Avhich <strong>the</strong> village stands. J. P. Gay AVIIS among <strong>the</strong> first,<br />

prominent builders, constructing a number <strong>of</strong> government sailing boats<br />

previous to <strong>the</strong> Civil Avar. E. Merry AVIIS at one time connected with<br />

this firm under <strong>the</strong> tille <strong>of</strong> Merry & Gay, but <strong>the</strong>y were unfortunate in<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir contracts and <strong>the</strong> business AVIIS suspended. Henry Kelley, for many<br />

years a prominent and public-spirited citizen <strong>of</strong> Milan, owned a shipyard<br />

at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ridge on AA'hich <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> J. C. LockAvood<br />

AVIIS built. Captain Kelley afterAvards erected a fine brick business block<br />

in Milan, and improved several farms in <strong>the</strong> vicinity, besides beautifying<br />

bis house and grounds in <strong>the</strong> village. For many years he AVIIS a member<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> council, and AVIIS once a commissioner <strong>of</strong> Erie County.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> first and last <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship builders AVIIS A'alentine Fries, a<br />

self-made man. who came to Milan about <strong>the</strong> year 1849 and begun <strong>the</strong><br />

grocery business in a small Avay. Careful attention to business and<br />

steady, bard Avork. toge<strong>the</strong>r witli <strong>the</strong> strictest integrity, gave Air. Fries<br />

<strong>the</strong> necessary means to enlarge his business, and to invest a limited<br />

amount <strong>of</strong> money in vessel property. The time Avas opportune, and he<br />

soon increased his murine imestments. In <strong>the</strong> '70s and '80s he built, at<br />

Fries' Landing (formerly called Wards and Abbotts), several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

largest and finest sailing vessels on <strong>the</strong> lakes, including <strong>the</strong> Marion Page,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Golden Age and o<strong>the</strong>rs. He also built <strong>the</strong> steam barge Charles<br />

Foster. As a trustee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township he AVIIS very active in bringing about<br />

<strong>the</strong> graveling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flals north <strong>of</strong> Aldan, an improvement that has been<br />

a very great benefit to farmers on that side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn because .<strong>the</strong> roads

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

prior to this Avere next to impassable for several weeks every spring<br />

and fall.<br />

J. C. LockAvood and Lucius Stoddard, Avho Avert* associated in <strong>the</strong><br />

Alilan Banking Company, Avert* also largely interested in <strong>the</strong> shipping<br />

interests. Mr. LockAvood AVIIS also engaged for many years in <strong>the</strong> general<br />

mercantile trade. This business was afterward transferred to<br />

his nephews, Frank C. Smith and R. AL LockAvood.<br />

J. Al. Choate erected a carding mill in 1821, and started <strong>the</strong> business<br />

which was afterward taken over by J. Brown. About <strong>the</strong> same time<br />

N. Standart opened a general slore, and Ralph and George LockAvood<br />

opened a store very soon after. The latter business afterward became<br />

<strong>the</strong> well-known house <strong>of</strong> F. (J. and R. LockAvood, and <strong>the</strong>n Ralph Lockwood,<br />

No. 2 Lockwood Block. Ralph Lockwood, Sr., became <strong>the</strong> first<br />

postmaster <strong>of</strong> Merry's Alills, as <strong>the</strong> place Avas <strong>the</strong>n called, and held<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice seventeen years. Henry LockAvood began <strong>the</strong> hat manufacturing<br />

business here in 1824, and conducted it with varying success<br />

for some lime. The first LockAvood Block AVIIS a frame building erected<br />

in 1827, and burned some years later.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> old families Avhose names are Avorthy <strong>of</strong> mention are<br />

those <strong>of</strong> Kneeland Townsend, Carlos Colton, Joseph Hough, Charles<br />

Eldridge, Judson Perrin, William Daniels, D. Dimon, AVilliam Dimon,<br />

AVilliam Raynor, Doctor Rentier, Squire Emmons, Captain Dean, Henry<br />

Penfield, IT. Stoddard, AVilliam Mackey, II. McMillen, •Captain llieks,<br />

Captain Coulter, Squire Burt, O. Rnggles, <strong>the</strong> Roots, Ilawleys, Lowrys,<br />

Roscoes, Fays, Minimis, Richards, Gibbs, Roberts, Sohaeffers. AVilliains,<br />

Daleys.<br />

Alilan has furnished a number <strong>of</strong> men AVIIO have become famous in<br />

a greater or less degree. Thomas A. Edison AVIIS born in Alilan in 1847.<br />

Airs. II. Page, <strong>of</strong> Page's Corners, doAvn <strong>the</strong> Huron River, is a sister<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inventor and can remember when she carried him in her arms<br />

a sickly child. A beautiful and costly memorial to his mo<strong>the</strong>r, in <strong>the</strong><br />

shape <strong>of</strong> a window in <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian Church, was erected by Air.<br />

Edison, but was destroyed in a disastrous fire in 1888, which sAvept<br />

<strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public square and East Church Street, destroying<br />

besides <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian Church <strong>the</strong> town hall, Cline's Hotel, and tAvo<br />

business blocks. Zenas King, <strong>the</strong> inventor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> iron suspension bridge<br />

which bears his name, AVIIS at one time a resident <strong>of</strong> Alilan. J. W.<br />

Stoakes, <strong>the</strong> inventor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Stoakes' automatic shading pen. which<br />

produces, a broad line <strong>of</strong> several different tints at a single stroke, is a<br />

Alilan man.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> earliest ncAvspapers <strong>of</strong> Erie County was <strong>the</strong> Alilan FYee<br />

Press, Avhich was conducted for some time by AV. Jenkins, and <strong>the</strong><br />

Tribune, established in 1848 by Clark AVaggoner, who was afterward<br />

connected with <strong>the</strong> Toledo Commercial. O<strong>the</strong>r papers have flourished<br />

from time to time, notably <strong>the</strong> Alilan Bugle, Avhich was sold by its<br />

editor, S. D. Brady, to <strong>the</strong> Alilan Advertiser, edited by AV. B. Starbird,'<br />

and Messrs. Pratt, Balsey, and Gibbs, in succession since 1868. Avhen<br />

it Avas established by Air. Pratt and o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />

95

96 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The village AVIIS incorporated in 1833, and has since been presided<br />

over by <strong>the</strong> folloAving mayors: John Smith, Richard Burt, John Smith,<br />

S. F. Taylor, T. R. Hopkins, E. B. A<strong>the</strong>rton, J. J. Penfield, L. Galpin,<br />

A. Page, George Dimon, V. Fries, Danvin Fay, W. E. Lockwood,<br />

Dr. E. L. Perry, J. W. Stoakes, Dr. E. L. Perry, J. AV. Stoakes.<br />

The Odd FCIIOAAS were organized here largely through <strong>the</strong> activites<br />

<strong>of</strong> Air. Mann. Milan Lodge No. 105 Avas installed in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1848<br />

by Thomas C. AICEAVCII, aftenA'ard a resident <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. The lodge<br />

flourished for many years, but meetings were finally discontinued. The<br />

cause <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> failure is said to have been <strong>the</strong> enlistment <strong>of</strong> so many <strong>of</strong><br />

its members in <strong>the</strong> army during <strong>the</strong> Civil Avar.<br />

The present society is styled Alarks Lodge, No. 717, being named<br />

in honor <strong>of</strong> Reverend Alarks, so long an Episcopalian minister at Huron,<br />

and an Odd FCIIOAV <strong>of</strong> high standing. This lodge AVIIS installed in <strong>the</strong><br />

fall <strong>of</strong> 1882, by Grand Alaster J. Burkett, <strong>of</strong> Findlay, Ohio. The charter<br />

members Avere F. IT. Weaver, S. G. Saunders, P. J. Slocum, J. Eggleston,<br />

R. Cr<strong>of</strong>t, II. L. Wilson and D. J. AVilcoxson.<br />

Erie Lodge, F. & A. AL. AVIIS established in Alilan in 1853, Avith <strong>the</strong><br />

following: charter members: Dr. E. L. Perry, John AV. Sisty, Castleton<br />

Roscoe. Darwin Fay, AVilliam Lewis, J. F. AVebster, P. P. Parker, A.<br />

Youiuan. S. Hollister, George A. Kline, and J. S. Felton.<br />

Cranston Post, No. 73, Grand Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Republic, AVIIS organized<br />

in 1881, Avith <strong>the</strong> following: <strong>of</strong>ficers and charter members: IT. N. Shipman.<br />

('.; John P. Alowry, S. V C.; AT. K. Lee. J. V. C; J. C. Fitch,<br />

adjutant; P A. Gordon, surgeon; C II. Wilson, chaplain: John A.<br />

AlcLain. (I AL: T. J. O'Leary, O. I).; W. 11. Bemis, O. ('.: Silas Hrown,<br />

S. AL: -I. Eggleston, q. Al. S.: A. Foreman, J. C MartoAV, William<br />

Easlman. William P Poole, and J. Harblc. The cornerslone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

soldiers' monument AVIIS laid Alay 10, 1807.<br />

A Woman's Relief Corps AVIIS organized in Hie spring <strong>of</strong> 1888, Avith<br />

<strong>the</strong> following ladies as charter members: Airs. Emma Elliolt, Airs.<br />

Luciiida Callanan, .Mrs. Alary Gordon, Airs. Emma Shupe, Airs. Kate<br />

Luff, Airs. Louisa. Eggleston, Airs. Fidelia AlcLain, Airs. Rebecca<br />

Schaeffer. Airs. Elizabelh Bassett, Airs. Louisa Bureh, Airs. Julia Roscoe,<br />

Mrs. Helen Roscoe, Airs. Sarah Oakley, Airs. Sarah Marsh, Airs. Alice<br />

Roscoe. Airs. Alary BroAvn. Aliss Eliza Schaeffer, Aliss Annie Bassett,<br />

and Aliss Lizzie Massett.<br />

The cornerstone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town ball AVIIS laid July 4, 1876.<br />

The Fanny Gordon Home, Alilan.—On one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prettiest residence<br />

streets in Alilan is located "The Fanny Gordon Home," which AA'as<br />

bequea<strong>the</strong>d to <strong>the</strong> corporate body known as "The Church Home <strong>of</strong><br />

Cleveland." an Episcopalian home for old ladies, by <strong>the</strong> late Airs.<br />

Frances AIcFall Gordon, AVIIO died in August, 190.7.<br />

The Gordon Home was dedicated on AVednesday, July 29, 1908,<br />

under <strong>the</strong> oversight <strong>of</strong> Air. Lee and a large party <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trustees and<br />

friends <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> home. The Alilan Cottage has ahvays been maintained<br />

as a summer home, and here a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old ladies from <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 97<br />

Cleveland Home come to spend <strong>the</strong> warm summer months in charge <strong>of</strong><br />

Sister Sarah, who looks after <strong>the</strong>ir comfort and welfare. The cottage is<br />

nicely furnished and has all modern conveniences. It is indeed an ideal<br />

summer home and it is with genuine pleasure that <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> Milan<br />

greet <strong>the</strong> return <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se old ladies.<br />

On August 17, 1910, Milan held its centennial celebration.

CHAPTER VIII<br />

HURON TOAVNSHIP<br />

The Township <strong>of</strong> Huron is irregular in form on account <strong>of</strong> its bordering<br />

on Lake Erie. The greatest length is from east to Avest, and <strong>the</strong><br />

greatest width is at Hie western side Avhere it extends from Alilan<br />

ToAvnship on <strong>the</strong> south across part <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Bay and <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong><br />

Cedar Point to Lake Erie, Avhose turbulent and shallow waters wash<br />

its whole nor<strong>the</strong>rn side, and at various points on <strong>the</strong> shores have dug<br />

away many acres <strong>of</strong> once valuable farming land. The Huron River,<br />

which enters <strong>the</strong> township from Alilan and AOAVS diagonally across <strong>the</strong><br />

eastern portion, emptying into <strong>the</strong> lake at <strong>the</strong> eastern side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> TOAVII <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron, is a deep stream, with ra<strong>the</strong>r abrupt, though not high banks.<br />

The bed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river is <strong>of</strong> solid clay, and an old resident used to tell<br />

<strong>of</strong> having frequently seen steamers in turning around purposely run<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir boAvs against <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river bed in hopes <strong>of</strong> getting aground<br />

sufficiently to turn <strong>the</strong> boat by reversing <strong>the</strong> paddle wheels, but <strong>the</strong><br />

abruptness and slippery nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river bed AA'ould invariably slide<br />

<strong>the</strong> boat back into <strong>the</strong> channel.<br />

The river is navigable for quite large vessels for several miles, and<br />

for small boats for a much greater distance. Its mouth forms one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

best harbors on <strong>the</strong> south shore <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie, which made Huron an<br />

important point and caused it to be, probably, <strong>the</strong> first town settled in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Firelands. Early travelers coming up <strong>the</strong> lake in small boats found<br />

<strong>the</strong> Huron Rh'er an easy means <strong>of</strong> penetrating into <strong>the</strong> back country,<br />

and in <strong>the</strong> earlier times, explorers may have portaged across to <strong>the</strong> tributaries<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio and found <strong>the</strong>ir way to <strong>the</strong> Mississippi.<br />

This township is not favored with <strong>the</strong> rich river bottom lands to as<br />

great an extent as Milan, although in some places <strong>the</strong>re are considerable<br />

areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se lands. A great portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> valley near <strong>the</strong> village is<br />

occupied by low marshes, into which <strong>the</strong> water is blown daily Avith <strong>the</strong><br />

regularity almost <strong>of</strong> tides, by <strong>the</strong> lake breeze. There are about 1,500<br />

acres <strong>of</strong> marsh land Avithin <strong>the</strong> boundaries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township, all <strong>of</strong><br />

which is irreclaimable, from <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> land is all loAver than <strong>the</strong><br />

surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake and consequently affected by <strong>the</strong> rise and fall <strong>of</strong> its<br />

waters.<br />

The land east <strong>of</strong> Huron river, at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first settlement, was<br />

covered with a dense forest, about half being second growth and <strong>the</strong><br />

rest heavy timber. Much <strong>of</strong> it was white oak, used for ship timber.<br />

About two miles west <strong>of</strong> Huron River is Sawmill Creek, a stream <strong>of</strong><br />

considerable magnitude, <strong>the</strong> outlet <strong>of</strong> prairie drainage. AVhen <strong>the</strong> Avaters<br />

98

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 99<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prairies were discharged more slowly, previously to <strong>the</strong> extensive<br />

ditching which now drains <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> water very rapidly, sawmills have<br />

been known to run <strong>the</strong> greater part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year. But since <strong>the</strong> prairie<br />

has been thoroughly drained most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water falling upon <strong>the</strong> land<br />

Avithin twenty miles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake is discharged in <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> a week.<br />

The southwestern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township is mostly prairie. The northwestern<br />

part, except <strong>the</strong> marshes bordering on Sandusky Bay, is timber<br />

land.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> traces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mound builders in this vicinity an old mound<br />

west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river, on <strong>the</strong> Wright farm, some three miles above Huron,<br />

now much reduced by plowing and <strong>the</strong> explorer's shovel, is probably <strong>the</strong><br />

most easily seen, and has <strong>the</strong> most definite outline. The base occupies<br />

nearly an acre, and <strong>the</strong> top has an area <strong>of</strong> several square rods. There is<br />

also an old earthwork at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> SaAvmill Creek, 2 1 /. miles Avest <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron, on land formerly owned by Doctor Haskins. This relic is in <strong>the</strong><br />

fdrm <strong>of</strong> a fort, and encloses about half an acre. Alany stone implements<br />

have been unear<strong>the</strong>d in this vicinity from time to time.<br />

The following tables SIIOAV <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original proprietors and<br />

those AVIIO came into possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir claims, and to whom <strong>the</strong> lands <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> toAvnship were aAvarded by lot.<br />

HURON, TOAVN NO. 6, IN RANGE 22<br />

Classification No. 1, Section 1<br />

Am't Loss j Am't Classed<br />

OriginaKJrantees £ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Peter Lattimer / 317 1 6 Tho heirs <strong>of</strong> AVilliam 264 4 7<br />

John Lester 35 19 7 Stewart, latU 37 ^9 7<br />

John AVelch 46 10 0 <strong>of</strong> New Loij- ' 46 10' 0<br />

Joseph Hurlbut 965 8 3 don, Con- | 149 0 10<br />

Samuel Brown 493 7 8 necticut, 328 18 6<br />

Samuel Lattimer 910 19 5 (deceased) .'• 519 13 6<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification Nff. 1 1,344 7 0<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d.<br />

Jeremiah Miller 2,535 18 10<br />

Jeremiah Miller<br />

John Ewing 800 0 0<br />

John Barr 71 11 4<br />

Eben Goddard<br />

Classification No. 2, Section 2<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s. d.<br />

William AVinthrop, New<br />

York 360 5 2<br />

William AVinthrop, New<br />

York 105 13 3<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> AVilliam AVinthrop,<br />

New York 800 0 0<br />

William Gale, New London<br />

71 il 4<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> William Gale,<br />

New London 7 0 0<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No; 2 1,344 7 0

100 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Classification No. 3, Section 3<br />

Am't Loss Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by (1 £ s. d.<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Eichard William<br />

Joseph Packwood 817 5 4 Parkin, late <strong>of</strong> New 817 5 4<br />

Bathsheba Smith 465 14 10 London, Connecticut, 407 10 6<br />

Eichard Potter 382 2 3 (deceased) 119 11 2<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 3 1,344 7 0<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees s. d.<br />

Samuel Lattimer 910 19 5<br />

Eichard Potter 382 2 3<br />

Thomas Bowlay, or Boyd 49 17 1<br />

Ann Hancock 140 3 6<br />

Eichard Stroud 23 15 0<br />

Eben May 15 16 1<br />

Widow Austus Piner ... 48 0 0<br />

Bathsheba Skinner 180 0 1)<br />

Jacob Fenk 130 8 10<br />

Ichabod Powers 6<strong>20</strong> 8 0<br />

Jeremiah Miller 2,535 18 10<br />

Classification No. 4, Section 4<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> William Stewart,<br />

New London, Connecticut<br />

341 5 11<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Eichard Parkins,<br />

deceased 262 11 1 •<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Eichard Parkins,<br />

deceased 49 17 1<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Eichard Parkins,<br />

deceased 93 9 0<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Eichard Parkins,<br />

deceased 23 15 0<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Eichard Parkins,<br />

deceased 15 16 1<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Eidmrd Parkins,<br />

decciii-ed 48 0 0<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Richard Parkins,<br />

deceased 60 0 0<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Iticlunl Parkins,<br />

deceased 130 8 10<br />

Heirs <strong>of</strong> Mellaril Parkins,<br />

deceased <strong>20</strong>6 16 0<br />

William AVinthrop, NCAV<br />

York 62 8 0<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 4 1,344 7 0<br />

The time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first settlement within <strong>the</strong> present limits <strong>of</strong> this<br />

township is uncertain, but it is generally believed that a French trading<br />

post established at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river about 1749 was <strong>the</strong> first white<br />

settlement in this part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state. This settlement was abandoned previous<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Revolutionary war.<br />

The early settlement <strong>of</strong> Huron ToAvnship was quite intimately connected<br />

with that in <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>astern part <strong>of</strong> Alilan, and <strong>the</strong> Aloravian<br />

mission founded <strong>the</strong>re might perhaps as justly have been credited to<br />

Huron, since both townships were organized under one local government<br />

until 18<strong>20</strong>. B. F. Flemond is said to have visited <strong>the</strong> country along <strong>the</strong><br />

lower Huron as early as 1790; but however that may be, he settled<br />

here in 1805, on land known as lot 15, and lying on <strong>the</strong> east bank <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> river just above <strong>the</strong> present Lake Shore & Alichigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Railroad<br />

bridge.<br />

Mr. Flemond was a very remarkable man for his time. He was not

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 101<br />

highly educated, at least in <strong>the</strong> arts and sciences, but had considerable<br />

knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> French and English languages, and spoke several<br />

Indian dialects quite fluently. • Endowed with an excellent memory, a<br />

genial disposition, and indomitable courage, he was <strong>of</strong> great service to<br />

General Harrison in <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812 as a guide and scout. He was<br />

also interpreter and assistant executioner in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two Indians<br />

hanged at Norwalk for <strong>the</strong> murder <strong>of</strong> John Woods and George Bishop.<br />

Mr. Flemond Avas married in 1811 to a daughter <strong>of</strong> W. Pollock,<br />

who resided near <strong>the</strong> south line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship. This was probably<br />

<strong>the</strong> first Christian marriage solemnized in this vicinity. His first enterprise<br />

in this section was <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> a trading post for <strong>the</strong> purpose<br />

<strong>of</strong> bartering eastern goods with <strong>the</strong> Indians for furs and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

articles <strong>of</strong> value. Air. Flemond died, it is thought, about <strong>the</strong> year 1827,<br />

and his wife survived him for about twelve years. He also left three<br />

MAIN STREET, LOOKING NORTH, HURON<br />

daughters, one <strong>of</strong> whom married John McCarty, and after his death became<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avife <strong>of</strong> John Miller.<br />

Jared AVard and family came into <strong>the</strong> township in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong><br />

1808, living on a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Flemond farm until <strong>the</strong> next year. He<br />

<strong>the</strong>n moved to a place in what is now Milan Township. Airs. Betsy Collins,<br />

wife <strong>of</strong> Isaac Collins, was a daughter <strong>of</strong> Jared AVard. She was born<br />

in Painesville, Ohio, in 1804, and was married to Air. Collins in Milan.<br />

They moved to Huron in 1858, where she resided until her death, September<br />

1, 1877. Isaac Collins was in Huron in 1812, but made only a<br />

short stay, going <strong>the</strong> same year to'Columbus, Ohio; came back to Milan<br />

in 1818.<br />

Almon Ruggles and Jabez Wright came to Huron in 1808. Air.<br />

Wright was for many years agent <strong>of</strong> AVilliam AVinthrop, AVIIO owned at<br />

one time nearly <strong>the</strong> Avhole township. Winthrop H. Wright, son <strong>of</strong> Jabez,<br />

married Tamar, daughter <strong>of</strong> Almon Ruggles.

102 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Jabez Wright and Almon Ruggles made <strong>the</strong> original survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

township, completing it in 1810, <strong>the</strong> work occupying nearly tAvo years.<br />

Air. Wright was at one time a judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Common Pleas Court. He<br />

Avas killed in 1840, by falling down <strong>the</strong> bank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake.<br />

Cyrus DoAvning came to Huron in 1809, settling on land Avest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

present toAvn, near Sawmill Creek, where he resided about three years,<br />

removing to Cleveland, and dying <strong>the</strong>re about <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> VVar<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1812.<br />

Jeremiah Daniels came here in 1809 also, and married a daughter <strong>of</strong><br />

Air. Downing in 1813, settling on a farm near <strong>the</strong> old Downing home,<br />

after ward oAvned by W. J. Hinde.<br />

Air. Daniels carried <strong>the</strong> mail between Huron and Cleveland for several<br />

years. Barring accidents, <strong>the</strong> round trip was made in a week, and<br />

was considerable <strong>of</strong> a journey, when <strong>the</strong> condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roads and <strong>the</strong><br />

dangers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forest are taken into account. Savages at that time were<br />

making some trouble on <strong>the</strong> Western Reserve, and though Air.- Daniels<br />

never met with any serious injury, it is said that he passed through<br />

st'A'eral exciting experiences.<br />

Maj. II. Russell came to Huron in 1809, and in 1810 built a log<br />

house on land afterward owned by Jeremiah Van Benschoter. The<br />

building AVIIS used as a hotel and store, and Avas probably <strong>the</strong> first public<br />

house in Huron. It was opened for <strong>the</strong> reception <strong>of</strong> travelers in 1810.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> same year Russell, with J. S. Sprague as iron worker, began <strong>the</strong><br />

construction <strong>of</strong> a 40-ton sailing vessel, which he finished in 1811. This<br />

boat AVIIS fastened mostly with wooden pins instead <strong>of</strong> bolts. TAVO years<br />

later a second and larger vessel was completed and named The Fair<br />

America. British agents soon after purchased her, and she is said to<br />

have been delivered to <strong>the</strong>m at Buffalo.<br />

Air. Russell cleared a field on <strong>the</strong> AV. G. Sage farm about this time,<br />

but it AVIIS afterAvard abandoned and alloAved to groAV up again to timber.<br />

The soil, like much land east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river in this toAvnship, was sandy, and<br />

AVIIS considered by <strong>the</strong> pioneers to be nearly worthless. It is now knoAvn<br />

to be among <strong>the</strong> best farm lands on <strong>the</strong> AVestern Reserve.<br />

Jonathan S. Sprague came to Huron with his family in 1810,'from<br />

Canada. He married Mahala Daly. He was a man <strong>of</strong> more than ordinary<br />

talents. Though not having <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> even a common school<br />

education he was held in such high esteem by his neighbors that he was<br />

frequently elected to <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>of</strong> trust. He was justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace for<br />

eighteen years in succession, when he declined re-election, feeling that<br />

he had done his share <strong>of</strong> public service. He died in 1861. His wife<br />

followed him in 1872, dying at <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> her son-in-law, J.<br />

Dunham.<br />

Asa Smith visited <strong>the</strong> country in and around Huron in 1809, and<br />

moved into <strong>the</strong> township with his family in June, 1810, coming from<br />

Romulus, Seneca County, New York. In 1811 he was elected justice <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> peace, at <strong>the</strong> first election held in <strong>the</strong> township after its organization.<br />

He was <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> six children. He died in Huron in 1815.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 103<br />

In 1811-12 William B. Smith and his mo<strong>the</strong>r started a hotel at <strong>the</strong><br />

mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron River, and continued it during <strong>the</strong> war. Air. Smith<br />

remembered hearing <strong>the</strong> guns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Battle <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie, September 10,<br />

1813. With his fa<strong>the</strong>r he started for Put-in-Bay <strong>the</strong> next day, arriving<br />

<strong>the</strong>re <strong>the</strong> folloAving day, and saw Perry's fleet and <strong>the</strong>ir prizes at <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

moorings. He was married in 1819, moved to Sandusky in 18<strong>20</strong>, and was<br />

elected county treasurer in 1840. He was esteemed as one <strong>of</strong> Ohio's best<br />

citizens by all Avho knew him.<br />

In 1816 Reed & Sanford opened a trading post at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> Huron<br />

River, near <strong>the</strong> old Smith Hotel. J. B. Flemond and F. Graham had<br />

direct charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> business, which was very successful. Mr. Flemond's<br />

command <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian dialects, and his genial disposition and knoAvledge<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tastes and habits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian made him very valuable in<br />

such a position.<br />

N. AL Standart and Cyrus Butler opened a general store at <strong>the</strong><br />

mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron River in 1819. They dissolved partnership a year<br />

later, Standart going to Milan and Butler to Norwalk.<br />

In 1824 Daniel Hamilton and N. W. Standart opened a general<br />

supply store and commission business at Huron, Charles Standart and<br />

P. Adams serving as salesmen. Mr. Adams boarded men working on <strong>the</strong><br />

harbor improvements about this time, and later, removed to <strong>the</strong> old<br />

Adams homestead on <strong>the</strong> Sand Road. AVhen Air. Adams left <strong>the</strong> store<br />

<strong>the</strong> stock was purchased by Charles Standart and G. H.- Gibbs, Avho conducted<br />

<strong>the</strong> business until <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1826-27. Air. Standart <strong>the</strong>n took<br />

<strong>the</strong> business alone and conducted it a year or two, Avhen he built a warehouse<br />

and dock, and embarked in <strong>the</strong> general storage and commission<br />

business.<br />

ToAver Jackson came to Huron in 1819 from Alilan. He was married<br />

at Alonroeville in 1822 to Sarah Clock, a lady Avidely known and highly<br />

respected, and an aunt <strong>of</strong> D. II. Clock, editor and proprietor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie<br />

County Reporter, <strong>of</strong> Huron. He engaged with H. W. Jenkins in <strong>the</strong> dry<br />

goods and grocery trade on his settlement at Huron, remaining with him<br />

for several years. In 1830 he Avent into partnership with R. E. Cole in<br />

<strong>the</strong> general merchandise and vessel building business. They built <strong>the</strong><br />

Steamer DelaAvare in 1832. Air. Jackson removed to Racine/Wisconsin,<br />

in 1846, and 1848 to Cleveland, Ohio, where Airs. Jackson died in 1854.<br />

He returned to Huron a year or IAVO later, and was married to Aliss<br />

Button. He built <strong>the</strong> Huron House in 1832 and <strong>the</strong> American House in<br />

1840.<br />

II. AV. Jenkins built <strong>the</strong> Ohio Hotel in 1832, or <strong>the</strong>reabouts, Avhich<br />

was burned down on <strong>the</strong> Fourth ol July, 1854. He went to <strong>Cincinnati</strong><br />

in 1840, and afterAvards removed to <strong>the</strong> Isthmus <strong>of</strong> Panama, and engaged<br />

in <strong>the</strong> carrying business across <strong>the</strong> isthmus. He died <strong>the</strong>re in 1850.<br />

In 1827, Squire Alerry, <strong>of</strong> Alilan, as agent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States Government,<br />

took charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbor improvements at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

river. He was assisted by a number <strong>of</strong> efficient mechanics, among whom<br />

T. Clark is considered worthy <strong>of</strong> mention. He was in charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extensive<br />

carpenter work, which was very important from <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 105<br />

lake is quite open here so that at times a very heavy sea comes thundering<br />

in upon <strong>the</strong> quays at ei<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river mouth.<br />

The harbor improvements immediately attracted capital from Buffalo,<br />

Detroit and o<strong>the</strong>r lake cities, and a great impetus was given to ship<br />

building. Milan not yet having secured <strong>the</strong> canal, Huron was much <strong>the</strong><br />

more prominent place <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two.<br />

In 1828 <strong>the</strong> steamer Sheldon Thompson, <strong>of</strong> 242 tons burden, was<br />

built here by Capt. F. Church. In 1832, <strong>the</strong> United States, <strong>of</strong> 336 tons,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> Delaware, <strong>of</strong> 170 tons. The Columbus, <strong>of</strong> 391 tons, was completed<br />

in 1835. Captain AValker, in 1836, built <strong>the</strong> De Witt Clinton, <strong>of</strong><br />

493 tons, and <strong>the</strong> Little Erie, 149 tons. In 1837 <strong>the</strong> Cleveland, and in<br />

1838 <strong>the</strong> Great Western, <strong>of</strong> 780 tons, probably <strong>the</strong> first upper cabin<br />

steamer on <strong>the</strong> lakes, and <strong>the</strong> General Scott, <strong>of</strong> 240 tons, were finished.<br />

Among early vessel men <strong>of</strong> particular prominence were Captain Reed,<br />

Capt. F. Church, Captain Pangborn, Capt. B. Parsons, Capt. F. D.<br />

Ketchum, Capt. W. Cherry, Capt. Asa Keating, Capt. Joseph Keating,<br />

Capt. S. Wilson, and Capt. S. F. Squires.<br />

Huron was a general stopping place for <strong>the</strong> boats that carried all <strong>the</strong><br />

passengers and freight that was moved from east to west until <strong>the</strong> completion<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore & Alichigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Railroad. J. B. Wilbor,<br />

who came here on <strong>the</strong> steamer Walk-in-<strong>the</strong>-Water, in 18<strong>20</strong>, from Tonawanda,<br />

New York, used to tell how some eight yoke <strong>of</strong> cattle were hitched<br />

to <strong>the</strong> old steamer to assist in bringing her up <strong>the</strong> current <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Niagara<br />

River from that port, her engines, like those <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r steamers <strong>of</strong> an early<br />

day, being too weak to propel her against any considerable resistance.<br />

In 1832 Air. AVilbor, with N. AL and Charles Standart, engaged in<br />

commission business and general mercantile operations under <strong>the</strong> firm<br />

name <strong>of</strong> Wilbor & Co., continuing until 1837, when <strong>the</strong> firm dissolved,<br />

and Air. Wilbor went into trade with J. Fleeharty. The latter firm continued,<br />

until 1844, when Air. Wilbor moved to Milan, where he remained<br />

a few years, but returned to Huron, from whence he was elected county<br />

treasurer in 1850, and removed his family to Sandusky in 1854. Returning<br />

to Huron in 1857 he werit into partnership with J. W. Sprague, building<br />

several large vessels here, and doing a general commission mercantile<br />

and fonvarding business until 1861.<br />

A. Shirley came to Alarblehead Peninsula in 1810, Avith his Avife's<br />

family, <strong>the</strong> Ramsdells. He resided on <strong>the</strong> peninsula when <strong>the</strong> Indians<br />

killed <strong>the</strong> three pioneers whose death is commemorated by a little granite<br />

slab near <strong>the</strong> Killey farm. It is said that he took an active part in driving<br />

<strong>the</strong> savages away. He removed to Huron in 1828 and kept <strong>the</strong> old<br />

red tavern for several years, when he'purchased <strong>the</strong> land known as South<br />

Huron and laid it out in town lots. The surveying was done by S.<br />

Van Rensselaer and B. Carman.<br />

Air. Shirley built <strong>the</strong> Shirley House, at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Alain and Berlin<br />

streets, in 1833. He died a year or two later <strong>of</strong> Asiatic cholera. He was<br />

an active and respected citizen, taking an important part in all matters<br />

<strong>of</strong> general interest. His Avife was noted for her benevolence, intelligence

106<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

and Christian spirit. The late W. B. Shirley, <strong>of</strong> Huron, was a son <strong>of</strong><br />

this pioneer couple.<br />

D. Curtis settled on <strong>the</strong> lake shore very soon after Flemond came here.<br />

His son, Harvey Curtis, who was born on <strong>the</strong> old homestead, in 1807, Avas<br />

probably <strong>the</strong> first white child born in <strong>the</strong> township. Mr. Curtis remembered<br />

hearing <strong>the</strong> guns at Perry's battle on Lake Erie. Minor Curtis,<br />

senior member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Al. Curtis & Son, dealers in threshers and<br />

engines at Alilan, is a relative <strong>of</strong> Harvey Curtis.<br />

Huron's first religious organization Avas <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian Church,<br />

which began in 1835, though occasional services were conducted by Revs.<br />

E. Judson, A. Newton and o<strong>the</strong>rs from 1829 to this year. Air. Newton<br />

was called to Nonvalk in 1835, where he remained for thirty-five years.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> preliminary meeting Reverend Conger preached from Proverbs<br />

11:30, '' He that winneth souls is wise;'' and <strong>the</strong> following persons joined<br />

<strong>the</strong> society and adjourned to <strong>the</strong> schoolhouse, where an evening meeting<br />

was held: J. T. Roberts, Jerusha Jenkins, Clarissa Roman, L. NeAvkirk,<br />

Mary Jones, A. Sheffield, Dorothy Sheffield, R. Alorril, Jane Alorril,<br />

Eli Ilolliday, Ka<strong>the</strong>rine Holliday, 0. A. Beecher, Josiah Tracy and<br />

Cynthia AVadsAvorth. R. Alorril and E. Ilolliday AA'ere elected deacons<br />

and elders, and Avere duly installed at this meeting. Revs. E. Conger,<br />

Zeiiophon Betts and E. Judson conducted <strong>the</strong> proceedings.<br />

Regular meetings Avere held in <strong>the</strong> schoolhouse until 1840, Avhen A.<br />

Sprague, J. Wright, J. Sly and J. Tracy built <strong>the</strong> house afterwards<br />

occupied by Air. Alvord, and leased it to <strong>the</strong> church at a nominal rental<br />

for a number <strong>of</strong> years.<br />

Arrangements Avert* begun in 1850 for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> a church building,<br />

Avhich was completed and occupied in January, 1854. Rev. E. Cole<br />

made <strong>the</strong> dedicatory prayer, and Rev. C. II. Taylor preached <strong>the</strong> sermon.<br />

The latter was installed as pastor <strong>the</strong> same day. The parsonage Avas not<br />

built until 1884.<br />

A Baplist Church was organized at Grangers', or Haley's Corners,<br />

in 1833, and services held in <strong>the</strong> schoolhouse for many years.<br />

The Episcopal society Avas started in 1837, by Rev. F. AL Levemvorth.<br />

He Avas succeeded in 1839 by Rev. Samuel Alarks, a man <strong>of</strong> "sterling<br />

qualities, fine education and affable disposition," who AVIIS ordained by<br />

Bishop Mcllvaine, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This gentleman AA'as<br />

held in unusually high esteem by his neighbors and parishioners. His<br />

name has been commemorated by both <strong>the</strong> Alasonic and Odd FelloAvs<br />

societies, <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> Avhich he was a member.<br />

The German Lu<strong>the</strong>ran Church was erected in 1868, <strong>the</strong> Alethodist in<br />

1871, <strong>the</strong> German Evangelical in 1875.<br />

Air. John Graham, AVIIO was <strong>of</strong> Scotch-Irish descent, erected a church<br />

for <strong>the</strong> Methodists <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avestern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAA'iiship, in "West Huron."<br />

Gustavus Graham and John Graham, Jr., are descendants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> founder<br />

<strong>of</strong> this church.<br />

The first school in this section is said to have been taught by Alvin<br />

Coe, in 1810, who was succeeded by Aliss T. Ruggles.<br />

In 1815 William Chapman opened a school on lot 25, section 3, and

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 107<br />

conducted it for several years. The first modern school building, a brick<br />

structure, was built in 1886, at a cost approximating $<strong>20</strong>,000.<br />

Prominent among <strong>the</strong> early papers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reserve was <strong>the</strong> Commercial<br />

Advertiser, published in Huron. It began in January, 1837; was<br />

burned out in 1838, resumed in 1839, and discontinued in 1842. It was<br />

a four-page paper, six columns to <strong>the</strong> page, and largely made up <strong>of</strong> clippings.<br />

The markets Avere reported, and some effort was made to keep<br />

up Avith local port entries and clearances, but <strong>the</strong> present style <strong>of</strong> general<br />

local news Avas almost entirely wanting. One number contains an account<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> a wolf on <strong>the</strong> ice in <strong>the</strong> harbor, and <strong>the</strong><br />

efforts <strong>of</strong> hunters to capture <strong>the</strong> brute. Among <strong>the</strong> literary clippings is<br />

an account <strong>of</strong> General Santa Anna's visit to Louisville, Kentucky, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> statement by a <strong>Cincinnati</strong> whig correspondent that an irate citizen <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Cincinnati</strong> went gunning after <strong>the</strong> distinguished Alexican, but failed to<br />

PART OF THE OLD SHIP CANAL BETWEEN MILAN AND HURON<br />

get him because <strong>of</strong> a change <strong>of</strong> route, occasioned by an ice gorge in <strong>the</strong><br />

river. Under "Late and interesting neAvs from Texas," this journal<br />

tells eight days after <strong>the</strong> occurrence, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> interment <strong>of</strong> General Austin<br />

; it also mentions indications <strong>of</strong> a rumpus betAveen Alexico and <strong>the</strong><br />

United States over affairs connected with <strong>the</strong> Republic <strong>of</strong> Texas. The<br />

issue <strong>of</strong> February 21, 1837, contains an account <strong>of</strong> a public meeting for<br />

<strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> preventing blacks and mulattoes from coming to Sandusky,<br />

in violation <strong>of</strong> a statute laAV. Dr. G. R. Alorton is reported as<br />

chairman and Albert S. Cowles as secretary; committee on resolutions,<br />

Messrs. Wheeler, BroAvn, Cowles, Lester and Hull. A local correspondent<br />

calls attention to <strong>the</strong> fact that Huron, while behind only one town, Cleveland,<br />

on <strong>the</strong> lake shore betAveen Buffalo and Detroit, and while building<br />

two and three steamers costing from $30,000 to $70,000 each, has not a<br />

fit place in which to worship <strong>the</strong> God vouchsafing her material blessings.<br />

The issue <strong>of</strong> Alarch 21, 1837, contains Martin Van Buren's inaugural

108 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

address. April 11th <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year announces <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Welland Canal upon <strong>the</strong> 15th <strong>of</strong> that month. April 25th contains a<br />

proclamation concerning public lands by Samuel Houston, president <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Republic <strong>of</strong> Texas. Alay 30th announces that <strong>the</strong>re are all told fortytwo<br />

steamboats plying on <strong>the</strong> lakes, and expresses great satisfaction at<br />

<strong>the</strong> increase during <strong>the</strong> preceding tAvelve years, from one to <strong>the</strong> number<br />

stated. The issue <strong>of</strong> Tuesday, July 18, 1837, says, "Daniel Webster<br />

arrived in Huron on Friday, on <strong>the</strong> steamboat Thomas Jefferson. A<br />

goodly number <strong>of</strong> our citizens went on board, but <strong>the</strong> lateness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

hour deprived many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opportunity who wished to see him. He<br />

is, as Ave learn, hastening on his Avay homevA'ard." Alany clippings in<br />

this paper from contemporaries would be <strong>of</strong> interest to readers <strong>of</strong> United<br />

States history, as <strong>the</strong>y cover <strong>the</strong> Seminole Avar, Texan struggle with<br />

Alexieo, and <strong>the</strong> Patriot Avar in Canada. The publishers Avert* II. C.<br />

Gray & Co.<br />

The facilities for travel may be compared with those <strong>of</strong> today by noting<br />

that <strong>the</strong> steamboats proposed to make <strong>the</strong> round trip from Buffalo<br />

to Detroit Avith passengers in six days, during <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1837. All<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir advertisements are <strong>the</strong> same in regard to this, and, <strong>of</strong> course, <strong>the</strong><br />

distance could not have been made in so short a time by any o<strong>the</strong>r means<br />

<strong>of</strong> transportation.<br />

The Huron Beacon Avas published from 1853 to 1854.<br />

The Huron Times Avas started in 1876, but afterward moved to Sandusky<br />

by its editor, J. D. Sweeney.<br />

The Huron Reporter was started in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1879, T. M. Clock<br />

having it in charge. It was <strong>the</strong>n a four-page paper, but in <strong>the</strong> following<br />

December, Air. Clock's fa<strong>the</strong>r, D. II. Clock, took it in charge and enlarged<br />

it to an eight-page paper, securing local editors in <strong>the</strong> tOAvns <strong>of</strong> Vermillion<br />

and Berlin as well as at Huron, and devoting a page each to<br />

matters <strong>of</strong> special interest to <strong>the</strong> respective villages.<br />

Alarks Alasonic Lodge is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old established institutions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

town, named in honor <strong>of</strong> Rev. Samuel Marks.<br />

Lake Erie Lodge I. 0. 0. F. was established in 1887. Alorse Post<br />

G. A. R. AVIIS also established in 1887. The Knights <strong>of</strong> Labor also had<br />

an organization started <strong>the</strong> same year.<br />

The first physician in Huron AA'as Dr. A. Gu<strong>the</strong>rie, who practiced here<br />

from 1813 to 1817, when he removed to Canada. A Doctor AlcCrea,<br />

an elderly gentleman, did some medical AA'ork in <strong>the</strong> western part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

township until he moved aAvay; it is believed to New Jersey.<br />

Dr. Charles Legget came here in 1830, and remained until his death,<br />

in 1832, Avhen he and his wife AA'ere accidentally drowned in <strong>the</strong> Huron<br />

River, near Whit AVright's farm, by <strong>the</strong> upsetting <strong>of</strong> a roAvboat.<br />

Dr. G. S. Haskin came to <strong>the</strong> Reserve in 1831, and to Huron in 1832;<br />

practicing here until his death in 1886.<br />

Dr. J. Caldwell settled in Huron in 1833, and continued to practice<br />

until 1866, when he died.<br />

Dr. J. T. Cushing came in 1865, and Dr. E. H. AIcNutt in 1874; both<br />

<strong>of</strong> whom moved aAvay after practicing for a number <strong>of</strong> years.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 109<br />

It is said that in <strong>the</strong> early days a number <strong>of</strong> physicians were attracted<br />

to Huron by <strong>the</strong> marshes, which were supposed to be unhealthy; but as<br />

<strong>the</strong> marshes are on a level with <strong>the</strong> lake <strong>the</strong> water is pure, and <strong>the</strong>y<br />

failed to supply <strong>the</strong> expected business, so <strong>the</strong>se gentlemen moved away<br />

again.<br />

That part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mail line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore & Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

Railroad known as <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn division which runs from Elyria via<br />

Sandusky to a junction with <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn division at Alilbury, near<br />

Toledo, runs through <strong>the</strong> town east and west. The Lake Shore Electric<br />

also passes through Huron, giving direct trolley connection with Cleveland<br />

and <strong>the</strong> East and through Sandusky with Toledo, Lima and <strong>the</strong><br />

West. Besides <strong>the</strong>se a branch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad,<br />

leaving <strong>the</strong> main line at Norwalk, terminates here.<br />

Before <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Milan Canal, <strong>the</strong> natural advantages <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> harbor and <strong>the</strong> improvements made by <strong>the</strong> United States Government<br />

TUGS IN WINTER QUARTERS, HURON, 1915<br />

made <strong>the</strong> prospects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village very bright, except for <strong>the</strong> cholera epidemic<br />

in 1834, when <strong>the</strong> growth aud business <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place were seriously<br />

checked. All industry was given up for <strong>the</strong> care <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sick. In that<br />

year <strong>the</strong>re was a heavy tide <strong>of</strong> immigration from Europe, and many <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> immigrants arrived sick or dying. Of <strong>the</strong> five physicians in Huron,<br />

one died <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease, when three o<strong>the</strong>rs gave up and left, leaving<br />

Doctor Haskin to labor alone.<br />

When <strong>the</strong> plague was checked by <strong>the</strong> early winter frosts business and<br />

immigration both increased until within <strong>the</strong> next decade a population <strong>of</strong><br />

more than 2,000 had settled here; but from <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> canal business men began moving up to <strong>the</strong> new head <strong>of</strong> navigation,<br />

and a great shrinkage in real estate values followed. Property that had<br />

been worth thousands <strong>of</strong> dollars was sold for taxes, and destructive fires<br />

(said in some cases to have been set for <strong>the</strong> insurance) were quite common.<br />

The records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village were burned, which is quite an incon-

110 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

venience to <strong>the</strong> historian. Some quite wealthy business men were so<br />

deeply involved in this business depression that <strong>the</strong>y never entirely<br />

recovered.<br />

The Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong> Alay 26, 1824, contains <strong>the</strong>' following advertisement<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> lots for <strong>the</strong> ToAvn <strong>of</strong> Huron:<br />

<strong>Public</strong> Sale.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 15th day <strong>of</strong> June next, will be <strong>of</strong>fered for sale at public<br />

auction upon <strong>the</strong> premises, situated at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> Huron River, <strong>the</strong><br />

one-half <strong>of</strong> a toAvn plat containing 1<strong>20</strong> acres <strong>of</strong> land, surveyed and<br />

divided into small lots for <strong>the</strong> accommodation <strong>of</strong> purchasers. Said sale<br />

will be kept open tAvo days if necessary, and <strong>the</strong> proceeds <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong> appropriated<br />

toAvai'ds making a harbor at <strong>the</strong> above mentioned place. Terms <strong>of</strong><br />

payment: One-fourth part in 30 days from <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> sale, and onefourth<br />

part every 90 days <strong>the</strong>reafter until paid. Approved securing will<br />

be exacted. Ten per cent deductions will be made for prompt payment<br />

at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> sale. Dated Milan, March 21,1824.<br />

By order <strong>of</strong><br />

Jabez Wright<br />

Benjamin Abbot<br />

Philo Adams<br />

N. Al. Standart<br />

H. W. Jenkins<br />

Huron Harbor Committee.<br />

H. W. Jenkins, Acting Clerk.<br />

Ano<strong>the</strong>r item is taken from <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong> Alay 26, 1824:—<br />

Bank notes at present receivable at <strong>the</strong> Receiver's <strong>of</strong>fice for public<br />

lands.<br />

Bank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States and branches.<br />

The chartered banks in <strong>the</strong> cities <strong>of</strong> Boston, New York, Philadelphia,<br />

Baltimore, Richmond, and <strong>the</strong> District <strong>of</strong> Columbia, (except <strong>the</strong><br />

merchants and <strong>the</strong> Franklin Bank <strong>of</strong> Alexandria, and <strong>the</strong> city bank <strong>of</strong><br />

Baltimore), and <strong>the</strong> Bank <strong>of</strong> Geneva in <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> New York, are also<br />

taken; but no notes on any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> above mentioned banks, <strong>of</strong> a denomination<br />

less than five dollars are intended to be taken.<br />

The notes on <strong>the</strong> following bank in Ohio are at present also receivable<br />

in said <strong>of</strong>fice, A'iz: Bank <strong>of</strong> Chillico<strong>the</strong>, Dayton Manufacturing Company,<br />

Franklin Bank <strong>of</strong> Columbus, Lancaster, Ohio, Bank, Bank <strong>of</strong><br />

Alarietta, Bellmont Bank <strong>of</strong> St. Clairsville, Bank <strong>of</strong> Alount Pleasant,<br />

Farmers and Mechanics Bank <strong>of</strong> Steubenville, Bank <strong>of</strong> Steubenville, and<br />

Connecticut Western Reserve Bank.<br />

PIONEER PLEASURES<br />

About <strong>the</strong> year 1814, <strong>the</strong> pioneers <strong>of</strong> Huron concluded <strong>the</strong>y would<br />

have a sail and cherry festival. Cherries grew on <strong>the</strong> peninsula. They<br />

were to go on Abbot's boat and started before daylight; among <strong>the</strong>m

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 111<br />

were Alajor Underbill, Judge Everett, Lyman Farwell and o<strong>the</strong>rs. Lucy<br />

Abbot, <strong>the</strong>n a girl <strong>of</strong> nine years, accompanied her fa<strong>the</strong>r. As <strong>the</strong>y<br />

passed down <strong>the</strong> Huron River, <strong>the</strong>y took on board Judges Wright and<br />

Ruggles with <strong>the</strong>ir wives; Alessrs. C. Curtis.and Daniels with <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

Avives; some young people named DoAvning Smith and several o<strong>the</strong>rs,<br />

and started for "Gov." Wolcott's on <strong>the</strong> peninsula. On <strong>the</strong>ir arrival<br />

in <strong>the</strong> afternoon, a heavy rain had driven <strong>the</strong> Avater out so <strong>the</strong>y could<br />

not land near Wolcott's house. Get cherries <strong>the</strong>y must, and dance <strong>the</strong>y<br />

would, so each gallant gentleman took a lady upon his back and struck<br />

out into <strong>the</strong> AA'ater for <strong>the</strong> shore and didn't "go home until morning."<br />

After a supper <strong>of</strong> fish, shortcake and cherries, preparations were made<br />

for <strong>the</strong> dance. Tables, beds and chairs disappeared, music being<br />

furnished by <strong>the</strong> worthy host. Dancing was kept up until morning. As<br />

<strong>the</strong>re was not room for all to dance at once or even for all to be in <strong>the</strong><br />

house at <strong>the</strong> same time, part staid outdoors while part danced. After<br />

breakfast, <strong>the</strong>y all went to picking cherries. Having obtained all <strong>the</strong>y<br />

Avanted, <strong>the</strong>y set sail for <strong>the</strong> Huron River and arrived <strong>the</strong>re about sunset.<br />

RELICS OP DIM PAST<br />

FolloAving is a copy <strong>of</strong> two tickets which Avere printed on a piece <strong>of</strong><br />

plain paper in very plain type:<br />

UNION BALL.<br />

The company <strong>of</strong> M is solicited at <strong>the</strong> ball room <strong>of</strong><br />

David Abbot, Esq., on <strong>the</strong> 22nd inst. at 1 P. M.<br />

L. Fanvell,<br />

D. W. Hannan,<br />

E. S. Barnam,<br />

J. Underhill,<br />

Managers.<br />

Huron, Jan. 1, 1818.<br />

EXHIBITION BALL.<br />

The company <strong>of</strong> Air. Newton and lady is respectfully solicited at<br />

C. F. Drake's Assembly Room in Sandusky on <strong>the</strong> 10th day <strong>of</strong> March,<br />

1828, at 4 o'clock P. Al.<br />

S. C. Aloore,<br />

J. Williams,<br />

E. S. Clemons,<br />

E. S. Gregg,<br />

Alanagers.<br />

Airs. Newton, <strong>of</strong> this city, to Avhom we are indebted for <strong>the</strong>se old<br />

time invitations, attended <strong>the</strong> one on Alarch 10,1828. It will be observed<br />

that <strong>the</strong> young folks began <strong>the</strong>ir parties at a someAvhat earlier hour than<br />

<strong>the</strong>y do nowadays. Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y didn't "go home till morning" Ave are<br />

unable to say.

112 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> April 27, 1850, notes <strong>the</strong> dedication <strong>of</strong> a new Alethodist<br />

Church on <strong>the</strong> farm <strong>of</strong> John Graham, to be dedicated by E. R.<br />

Jewett on May 5,1850.<br />

In February, 1851, Huron Township voted by 199 majority $<strong>20</strong>,000<br />

<strong>of</strong> bonds to aid <strong>the</strong> Huron & Oxford Railroad, which ran in <strong>the</strong><br />

direction <strong>of</strong> Bloomingville and has been abandoned for more than half a<br />

century.<br />

On November 26, 1874, <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Register announced <strong>the</strong> birth<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron Times with Alessrs. Larcey & Blair in charge.<br />

In 1893 <strong>the</strong> town received a heavy blow by <strong>the</strong> failure <strong>of</strong> J. W.<br />

Wickham & Co., which was a prominent fish firm, whose failure gave<br />

<strong>the</strong> town a setback from which it did not recover for many years.<br />

On April 17, 1903, two large fish houses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village belonging to<br />

Hermes & Scott and W. G. Heyman were destroyed by fire, which<br />

inflicted a fur<strong>the</strong>r injury on <strong>the</strong> town.<br />

The mayor <strong>of</strong> Huron Village is A. E. Spear. The clerk, F. R.<br />

Toomey; treasurer, P. A. Sperry; marshall, Ben Ackerman. The members<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> council, C. Egbert, F. Wilkes, P. Hermes, J. Post, L. Gackstetter,<br />

C. W. Sales; <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> education, Doctor Houghtaling, Doctor<br />

Pollock, S. A. Cunningham, John Fisher, John Holliday; board <strong>of</strong> public<br />

affairs, H. Hull, F. AlcCormick, A. J. Gustavus; health <strong>of</strong>ficer, Robert<br />

Day; street commissioner, Geo. Hinderer; watenvorks superintendent,<br />

J. C. Britton.<br />

The population <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village according to <strong>the</strong> census <strong>of</strong> 1910 is 1,756.<br />

The town has two banks, The First National Bank, and a branch <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Berlin Heights Banking Company. It has seven churches. It is<br />

<strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> a large fishing industry and <strong>the</strong> estate <strong>of</strong> Valentine Fries<br />

conducts a large lumber yard in <strong>the</strong> village.

CHAPTER IX<br />

OXFORD TOWNSHIP<br />

Oxford is township 5, in range 25, and is bounded on <strong>the</strong> north by<br />

Perkins, on <strong>the</strong> south by Ridgefield, east by Milan, and west by Groton.<br />

Its general aspect is not unlike those adjoining, being level, and diversified<br />

by three streams <strong>of</strong> water, <strong>the</strong> largest <strong>of</strong> which is <strong>the</strong> Huron River.<br />

This flows through <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township from <strong>the</strong> west,<br />

and passes through <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> it on its way to <strong>the</strong> lake. Pipe Creek<br />

and Crab Apple Creek are <strong>the</strong> only streams besides <strong>the</strong> Huron in this<br />

township, and <strong>the</strong> latter empties into it.<br />

The following tables shoV <strong>the</strong> original owners and <strong>the</strong>ir assigns:<br />

OXFORD—TOWN NO. 5, RANGE 23.<br />

Classification No. 1, Section 1<br />

Am't Loss Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Titus Hurlburt 196 3 0 Ebenezer and Lydia God- 980 11 6<br />

dard, David Ward,<br />

Mary Jewit and Pur-<br />

James McEver's heirs.. 600 0 0 don J. Hurlburt 234 0 0<br />

M. Dumont 263 10 8 Hezekiah Bipley 129 15 6<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 1 1,344 7 0<br />

Classification No. 2, Section 2<br />

Am't Loss Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Stephen Holt 229 5 2 Stephen Holt 229 5 2<br />

Eichard Deshon 266 19 8 E 'h 'd Deshon 's heirs... 266 19 8<br />

David Mumford 318 5 9, D. Mumford's heirs.... 318 5 9<br />

James Sogers 455 16 5 James Sogers 455 16 5<br />

Daniel Holt 32 2 6 James Sogers 32 2 6<br />

Eldridge Chester 6 11 0 Elisha Chester 6 11 0<br />

Daniel Chester 19 15 6 Elisha Chester 19 15 6<br />

Thomas Chester 15 5 Elisha Chester 15 5<br />

AVilliam Latham 45 2 2 James Mitchell 4 10 2%<br />

Samuel Walworth 10 11 6 James Mitchell 10 5 4y2<br />

Vol. I— 8<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 2 i 1,344 7 9<br />

113

114 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees • £ s. d.<br />

Abigail Potter 573 4 11<br />

James Miller 93 8 6<br />

David ManAvaring 51 3 0<br />

Samuel Belden 1,771 15 6<br />

M. Dumont 263 18 8<br />

Winth'p Saltonstall 1,181 36 8<br />

Elisha Morgan 7 13 0<br />

Charles Chester 6 19 , 0<br />

Jonathan Haven 11 9 0<br />

Samuel Walworth 10 11 6<br />

John Gordon 1 16 3<br />

Classification No. 3, Section 3<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s.<br />

George Potter 573 4<br />

George Potter 93 8<br />

His Heirs 51 3<br />

Samuel Belden 104 15<br />

Hezekiah Bipley 133 15<br />

AVinth 'p Saltonstall 361 0<br />

John Morgan 7 13<br />

Charles Chester 6 19<br />

Elisha Chester ..„ 11 9<br />

James Mitchell (5<br />

George Potter 12<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 3 • 1,344<br />

Classification No. 4, Section 4<br />

Am't Loss Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Samuel Belden 1,771 15 6 Samuel Belden 1,344 7 0<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 4 1,344 7 0<br />

d.<br />

11<br />

6<br />

0<br />

8<br />

2<br />

3<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

1%<br />

The township was first colonized in <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> February, 1810,<br />

by six families from Conneaut, Erie County, Pennsylvania. These<br />

early settlers were: Jonathan Sprague, an old man who had served in<br />

<strong>the</strong> army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Revolution as lieutenant. He built a cabin on <strong>the</strong><br />

east bank <strong>of</strong> Pipe Creek, a quarter <strong>of</strong> a mile from Bloomingville. His<br />

son's family and three families <strong>of</strong> Dunhams settled between him and<br />

<strong>the</strong> present Bloomingville, and Linas Ensign settled a mile soutliAvest<br />

<strong>of</strong> Bloomingville, on <strong>the</strong> farm afterward occupied by John Paxton. In<br />

<strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> July <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year Thomas James and James Forsyth<br />

moved into <strong>the</strong> township. During that fall three o<strong>the</strong>rs, Nathan, Standish<br />

and Wood, came, and Avere folloAved <strong>the</strong> next year by Thomas Hamilton,<br />

Doctor Hastings, John Dillingham, and Samuel AIcGill.<br />

The survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship AVIIS made by Jabez Wright and Almon<br />

Ruggles, assisted by Benjamin Drake as chain bearer, in 1810, and<br />

during that year many people moved in; but <strong>the</strong> following year tinentire<br />

township AVas affected by <strong>the</strong> panic that folhnved Hull's surrender,<br />

and many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneers fled to older settlements for safety.<br />

The greater part <strong>of</strong> those AVIIO fled Avent to Alansfield, conveying <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

household goods and families on horseback and in wagons. Those who<br />

remained behind proceeded at once to build a blockhouse in Bloomingville,<br />

and later a second one was built near it and both enclosed by a<br />

stockade. After this, until <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avar <strong>the</strong>re Avert* feAV additions<br />

to <strong>the</strong> settlement in Oxford. The Register <strong>of</strong> July 2, 1879, contains<br />

reminiscences by W. D. Gurley stating his arrival on September,<br />

1811, at a small log cabin Avhere Bloomingville IIOAV stands. It was<br />

<strong>the</strong>n an almost unbroken forest. The next Sunday he heard his fa<strong>the</strong>r<br />

preach <strong>the</strong> first sermon on <strong>the</strong> firelands in <strong>the</strong> little log schoolhouse,<br />

0

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 115<br />

and saw him form a little class <strong>of</strong> eight or ten members. Early in <strong>the</strong><br />

spring his fa<strong>the</strong>r built <strong>the</strong> house a half mile east <strong>of</strong> Bloomingville and<br />

resided <strong>the</strong>re till Hull surrendered to <strong>the</strong> English in 1812. He <strong>the</strong>n left<br />

and did not return till 1818 when he settled in Perkins.<br />

The following extracts are from <strong>the</strong> pen <strong>of</strong> F. D. Drake, whose fa<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Avas prominently identified with <strong>the</strong> new country:<br />

'' On <strong>the</strong> 16th <strong>of</strong> April, 1815, my fa<strong>the</strong>r and his family, consisting<br />

<strong>of</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r and four boys, left Erie, Pa., for our future home in Oxford<br />

township, where Ave arrived <strong>the</strong> 4th <strong>of</strong> Alay, having performed <strong>the</strong> journey<br />

<strong>of</strong> one hundred and sixty miles in nineteen days. My fa<strong>the</strong>r had<br />

provided himself with a span <strong>of</strong> fine horses, a light wagon covered with<br />

linen stretched over hoops. All heavy articles were left to be forwarded<br />

by water to <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron. The road was so bad that, with<br />

<strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> a yoke <strong>of</strong> oxen which my fa<strong>the</strong>r purchased in Cleveland<br />

to hitch ahead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horses in bad places, we were unable to travel<br />

more than six or eight or ten miles a day.''<br />

He <strong>the</strong>n describes <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> making new roads, cutting under<br />

brush, laying a corduroy through marshy places, and at length tells <strong>of</strong><br />

his arrival at <strong>the</strong>ir journey's end:<br />

"We stayed at Jabez Wright's, who lived at that time o'n <strong>the</strong> west<br />

side <strong>of</strong> Huron River, about a mile from its mouth. He was surveyor<br />

and land agent. He was afterwards an associate judge <strong>of</strong> Huron<br />

county. His house was crowded that night with settlers on business<br />

connected with a sale <strong>of</strong> lands. Among <strong>the</strong> number was Maj. Joseph<br />

Strong, <strong>the</strong> first permanent settler <strong>of</strong> Lyme township. The major and<br />

my fa<strong>the</strong>r had been neighbors in New York State, and as every vestige<br />

<strong>of</strong> a road had disappeared, he volunteered to guide us to his house.<br />

We started early next morning, <strong>the</strong> major ahead on horseback as advanced<br />

picket, <strong>the</strong> team following; and <strong>the</strong> three boys, driving <strong>the</strong> oxen<br />

bringing up <strong>the</strong> rear.''<br />

He <strong>the</strong>n continues to give us <strong>the</strong> details <strong>of</strong> that eventful journey, <strong>of</strong><br />

his impressions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> broad prairies, covered,with tall grass <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

brightest green, and <strong>the</strong>ir first trials as pioneers. There was little or<br />

no money in circulation in those days. A man might raise large<br />

amounts <strong>of</strong> grain, and own large numbers <strong>of</strong> cattle, and still not be able<br />

to raise money to pay his taxes. To borroAV a dollar or even 50 cents<br />

AA'as almost an impossibility, and whoeA'er had it was looked upon as a<br />

rich man.<br />

Early troubles came to <strong>the</strong> settlers in many forms, and perhaps<br />

none Avas more distressing than <strong>the</strong> milk sickness that affected <strong>the</strong> cattle.<br />

It came simultaneously Avith <strong>the</strong> attempt to have a bank, and <strong>the</strong> cause<br />

<strong>of</strong> it Avas a mystery. There are still places' in our country AA'here this is<br />

common, and <strong>the</strong> United States Government <strong>of</strong>fered a generous reward<br />

<strong>of</strong> many thousand- dollars to Avhoever should discover <strong>the</strong> secret cause<br />

<strong>of</strong> its prevalence. In Oxford ToAvnship <strong>the</strong>y believed it was <strong>the</strong> result<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> animals drinking from springs <strong>of</strong> mineral water, but this was<br />

disproved by <strong>the</strong> fact that a flock <strong>of</strong> sheep belonging to Thomas James,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Bloomingville, Avere pastured in a field where <strong>the</strong>re was no stream

116 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

and yet a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flock Avere affected by it. Its effects on animals<br />

was known as "trembles," and it was quite customary to see a fat calf,<br />

after sucking, walk a short distance, <strong>the</strong>n begin to tremble, and in a<br />

little while fall down and die. The superstitious believed in witchcraft.<br />

Many people died from this poison, and <strong>the</strong>ir remains are buried<br />

at <strong>the</strong> forks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roads a short distance east <strong>of</strong> Bloomingville, with no<br />

monument to tell <strong>the</strong> story <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir lives in <strong>the</strong> new country to which<br />

<strong>the</strong>y had come full <strong>of</strong> hope. We understand that <strong>the</strong> milk sickness is<br />

now believed to be caused by <strong>the</strong> cattle eating a certain weed.<br />

There were many o<strong>the</strong>r forms <strong>of</strong> sickness prevalent, which toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

with <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> physicians, caused more suffering among <strong>the</strong> pioneers<br />

than all <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hardships. During <strong>the</strong> months <strong>of</strong> August and September,<br />

in every year, bilious and intermittent fever, and ague, prevailed<br />

to a great extent. The change <strong>of</strong> climate, water and mode <strong>of</strong><br />

THE OLD STATE BANK BUILDING AT BLOOMINGVILLE<br />

living, created a general predisposition to disease, and all were affected,<br />

some years more than o<strong>the</strong>rs, so much so that long afterwards, one year<br />

in particular was referred to as <strong>the</strong> sickly season. Whole families<br />

would be prostrated at <strong>the</strong> same time, and not one in <strong>the</strong> house be able to<br />

give ano<strong>the</strong>r a glass <strong>of</strong> water.<br />

A sense <strong>of</strong> mutual dependence, <strong>the</strong>ir solitary mode <strong>of</strong> life, and perhaps<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r causes, produced a friendship and hearty good will for each<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r among <strong>the</strong> early settlers that never exists in <strong>the</strong> older and more<br />

densely populated settlements. The latch-string was ahvays out, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> traveler was received with <strong>the</strong> most cordial Avelcome, and partook<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best <strong>the</strong> cabin afforded, generally pretty coarse fare, "Avithout<br />

money and without price." The raising <strong>of</strong> a building collected most <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> men from a Avide circuit; and if a settler, from sickness or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

cause, Avas unable to ploAA', plant or harvest in season his neighbors<br />

would collect and do his work for him; those living six or eight miles

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 117<br />

apart even were considered as neighbors. In all <strong>the</strong>ir ga<strong>the</strong>rings, and<br />

<strong>the</strong>y were frequent, <strong>the</strong> most perfect equality and good will prevailed.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> most prominent evils and hardships incident to <strong>the</strong><br />

settlement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Firelands was that <strong>of</strong> procuring bread, even <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

coarsest kind. Even as late as 18<strong>20</strong> <strong>the</strong>re were not mills sufficient to<br />

supply <strong>the</strong> wants <strong>of</strong> a rapidly increasing population. Ebenezer Merry<br />

had erected a mill at Milan, Maj. Frederick Faley one at Cold Creek,<br />

near <strong>the</strong> present Village <strong>of</strong> Venice,' and <strong>the</strong>re was one near <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> creek, and a man named PoAvers had built one on Huron River, in<br />

Greenfield Township. These were all small affairs, with one run <strong>of</strong><br />

stone. The machinery and dams Avere rude, ill-constructed, and out <strong>of</strong><br />

order a great portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time. The roads were almost impassible<br />

for wagons, and even dangerous for a single horse with a bag <strong>of</strong> grain<br />

and a rider on his back.<br />

Mr. Drake says: "I was <strong>of</strong> that age Avhen not large enough to do a<br />

man's Avork on <strong>the</strong> farm, but still large enough to go to mill, and it was<br />

a duty I Avas generally detailed to perform. The following expedition<br />

to Powers' Mill will show how it Avas done. The mill stood in <strong>the</strong> woods<br />

and resembled an old-fashioned tan house. The basement, containing<br />

<strong>the</strong> machinery, was uninclosed, <strong>the</strong> upper story boarded up barn fashion,<br />

and constructed inside with more regard for convenience than beauty.<br />

The presiding genius <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> establishment was constructed on <strong>the</strong> same<br />

principles—one leg being much shorter than its mate. He was old and<br />

cross. Alillers were <strong>the</strong>n as absolute as <strong>the</strong> 'Autocrat <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> Russias.''<br />

There was no appeal from <strong>the</strong>ir decisions, and as it Avas a matter<br />

<strong>of</strong> bread, if not butter, people were willing to submit to a great deal to<br />

secure so desirable a consummation. The state <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roads and <strong>the</strong><br />

distance most persons came made it necessary to spend one night at<br />

<strong>the</strong> mill. The night I was <strong>the</strong>re I found some ten or twelve o<strong>the</strong>rs, and<br />

AVC all camped doAvn Avherever a vacancy could be found among <strong>the</strong><br />

bags. The regular clicking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hopper, <strong>the</strong> surging, gushing sound <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> water, as it escaped from <strong>the</strong> mill wheel, <strong>the</strong> noise <strong>of</strong> people talking<br />

and traveling around hunting for bags, and <strong>the</strong> singing <strong>of</strong> mosquitoes,<br />

produced a concert <strong>of</strong> discordant sounds that precluded <strong>the</strong> possibility<br />

<strong>of</strong> sleep. Still <strong>the</strong>re AA'as no complaining; it was considered as a necessary<br />

evil. The next night Avhen I lay down at home on a comfortable<br />

bed, I could have said with honest Sancho Panza: 'Blessed is <strong>the</strong> man<br />

who invented sleep.' "<br />

BLOOMINGVILLE<br />

Is situated in <strong>the</strong> northwest corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship and about one-half<br />

<strong>of</strong> a mile east <strong>of</strong> Pipe Creek and on <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> an old Indian trail, and<br />

seems to have been a favorite camping ground long previous to <strong>the</strong> settlement<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, for Indians and traders, in <strong>the</strong>ir journeyings between<br />

<strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> Huron River and Lower Sandusky, <strong>the</strong> ground<br />

being high and dry and an abundance <strong>of</strong> wood, water and fine feed for<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir horses in <strong>the</strong> immediate vicinity. The banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> creek at <strong>the</strong>

118 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

crossing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trail is about ten feet high, and <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

horse's, feet in passing up and down <strong>the</strong> banks had formed a ditch<br />

on each side, a number <strong>of</strong> feet deep. Although <strong>the</strong>re had been quite<br />

a village <strong>the</strong>re since 1811, it had not been laid out in lots nor had <strong>the</strong><br />

honor <strong>of</strong> a name until 1817. These Avere done by Abia<strong>the</strong>r Shirley and<br />

Abner Young. It was here that <strong>the</strong> first post<strong>of</strong>fice was established in<br />

1810, with Aaron Bigsby as postmaster. The first store was opened <strong>the</strong><br />

year following by Nathan Wood. The first hotel was started in 1812<br />

by Abia<strong>the</strong>r Shirley.<br />

The first store kept <strong>the</strong>re was by Nathan Wood, in 1811, and afterwards<br />

successively by Peter Vanness, Faley & Johnson, and in 1818<br />

Samuel B. Caldwell, and a young man by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Owens brought<br />

on a large .stock <strong>of</strong> goods. Owens soon became dissatisfied with <strong>the</strong><br />

country and retired from <strong>the</strong> firm and returned to <strong>the</strong> East, and Charles<br />

F. Drake became associated with Caldwell, and <strong>the</strong> business was afterwards<br />

carried on in <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Caldwell & Drake. The residence <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> widow, Mrs. Simeon B. Carpenter, <strong>the</strong>y rebuilt and occupied as a<br />

store.<br />

The first schoolhouse in <strong>the</strong> township was erected in 1810, about half<br />

way between Pipe Creek and Joseph Brownell's tavern, in Bloomingville,<br />

in which school was kept in <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1811 by Joseph Alby.<br />

The building was still standing in 1815, and for a literary institution,<br />

I must say, it looked decidedly hard.<br />

The first justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace was Israel Harrington. He was elected<br />

in 1811, and lived west <strong>of</strong> Pipe Creek, in what is now within <strong>the</strong> limits<br />

<strong>of</strong> Groton Township.<br />

A BANK—ALMOST<br />

A person residing on <strong>the</strong> Firelands at this day, when all kinds <strong>of</strong><br />

produce has a cash value and can be converted into money at a fair<br />

price, can form no idea <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vexations and inconveniences that were<br />

suffered by <strong>the</strong> early settlers <strong>of</strong> this country for <strong>the</strong> want <strong>of</strong> some kind<br />

<strong>of</strong> a circulating medium. Previous to <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie Canal,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> commercial relations through that channel with<br />

<strong>the</strong> eastern cities, <strong>the</strong>re was no cash market for any kind <strong>of</strong> produce. A<br />

bushel <strong>of</strong> corn would not buy a yard <strong>of</strong> muslin coarse enough to sift<br />

corn meal through. A man might own a hundred head <strong>of</strong> cattle, and<br />

an unlimited number <strong>of</strong> hogs and territory large enough for a German<br />

principality, and not be able to raise money enough to pay his taxes<br />

without great effort. I recollect <strong>the</strong> circumstance <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong><br />

gentlemen stopping at my fa<strong>the</strong>r's on <strong>the</strong>ir Avay to Norwalk to attend<br />

court, and among <strong>the</strong> number Avas a large land OAvner who Avas reported<br />

rich, and was so. I heard <strong>the</strong> individual referred to ask one <strong>of</strong> his companions<br />

for <strong>the</strong> loan <strong>of</strong> 50 cents, stating he Avas not able to raise that<br />

amount before leaving home. The person applied to, happening to be<br />

flush and liberal, told him he should have <strong>the</strong> 50 cents or even $1 if he<br />

needed so much.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 119<br />

I think it must have been in 1817 that Charles Lindsay removed from<br />

Dayton to near <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> Cold Creek. He had been an <strong>of</strong>ficial in a<br />

wild-cat institution that Avas issuing "promises to pay" that were never<br />

redeemed, under <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Dayton Alanufacturing Company."<br />

The word "manufacturing" Avas undoubtedly used for <strong>the</strong> same reason<br />

that Captain Cuttle always read a large book because it looked respectable.<br />

Lindsay suggested to some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most influential inhabitants <strong>the</strong><br />

great benefits that would result to <strong>the</strong> country by establishing a bank<br />

at Bloomingville—at that time a flourishing village. The move was<br />

decided a popular one; it was <strong>the</strong> very thing <strong>the</strong> people wanted. The<br />

idea that any capital was needed I don't believe was ever thought <strong>of</strong>. A<br />

public meeting was immediately called, which met at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Huron, and was attended by Wright, Shirley, Young, Faley, Lindsay<br />

and in fact by most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants—Mr. Drake included. It was<br />

unanimously resolved by <strong>the</strong> meeting that a bank should be established<br />

at Bloomingville and put in running order in <strong>the</strong> shortest possible time,<br />

with <strong>the</strong> understanding that Abner Young should be president and<br />

Charles Lindsay, who Avas supposed to have large experience and skill<br />

in financial matters, was to <strong>of</strong>ficiate as cashier. The necessary amount<br />

was subscribed on <strong>the</strong> spot to meet <strong>the</strong> incidental expenses <strong>of</strong> establishing<br />

<strong>the</strong> institution. Lindsay was employed to proceed forthwith to<br />

<strong>Cincinnati</strong> to get <strong>the</strong> engraving done and <strong>the</strong> bills struck <strong>of</strong>f, and likewise<br />

to attend <strong>the</strong> next session <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Legislature to procure a charter.<br />

It was said Lindsay had formerly been a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Legislature, and<br />

no one doubted his influence over that body would be sufficient to get a<br />

charter. Lindsay promised everything necessary to do <strong>the</strong> most extensive<br />

kind <strong>of</strong> bogus banking except a charter.<br />

The building <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bloomingville Bank was begun in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong><br />

1816. A large substantial brick edifice was erected opposite <strong>the</strong> Shirley<br />

House, containing a vault. It was built by Ebenezer Hartwell, a wealthy<br />

man for that time. He employed a skillful engraver to make money<br />

plate before <strong>the</strong>y procured a charter and before any money was put in<br />

circulation. Judge Wright, <strong>of</strong> Huron, went to Columbus to get <strong>the</strong><br />

charter and was told <strong>of</strong> a statute just passed forbidding chartering any<br />

more banks for a year. He returned home and told <strong>the</strong> directors, and<br />

<strong>the</strong>y announced that <strong>the</strong>y had a charter and started to issue <strong>the</strong>ir money.<br />

But <strong>the</strong> people learned <strong>the</strong> facts and would not take <strong>the</strong> money so that<br />

<strong>the</strong> bank never did any business. It Avas <strong>the</strong> first brick or stone bank<br />

building erected probably in <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Ohio. The wood, addition was<br />

added later. At that time Bloomingville Avas <strong>the</strong> largest town in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

Ohio, and <strong>the</strong> building became <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Eleu<strong>the</strong>rus Cooke,<br />

and his son, Pitt Cooke, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, was born <strong>the</strong>re. In 1837 AndreAv<br />

AV. Prout, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, Avas also born <strong>the</strong>re.<br />

The story <strong>of</strong> Bloomingville would not be complete without mention<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Good Templar Lodge, AA'hich for a generation exerted its influence<br />

over <strong>the</strong> community and is a lasting monument to <strong>the</strong> memory <strong>of</strong>

1<strong>20</strong> HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Monroe Hills and his wife, Miss L. D. James, and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs who for<br />

thirty-five years administered <strong>the</strong> obligation to several hundred young<br />

people and made <strong>the</strong> Village <strong>of</strong> Bloomingville <strong>the</strong> most peaceful and lawabiding<br />

community in <strong>the</strong> county. Its building has now been absorbed<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Methodist Church and <strong>the</strong> lodge has passed out <strong>of</strong> existence.

CHAPTER X<br />

PERKINS TOWNSHIP<br />

Perkins is bounded on <strong>the</strong> north by Sandusky—or Portland Township—on<br />

<strong>the</strong> east by Huron Township, on <strong>the</strong> south by Oxford, and on<br />

<strong>the</strong> west by Margaretta. The township is generally level, but in some<br />

parts undulating and marked by several elevated ridges, which consist<br />

mostly <strong>of</strong> yellow sand. The principal one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se extends across <strong>the</strong><br />

township in a southwesterly direction, ending at Bloomingville. The<br />

soil is very fertile and <strong>of</strong> great variety. The sandy ridges are adapted<br />

to all kinds <strong>of</strong> crops. South <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ridges are <strong>the</strong> prairies, composed<br />

<strong>of</strong> black alluvial earth, on which is grown mostly grain. In sections 2<br />

and 3 limestone soil abounds, and in some particular localities good clay<br />

for brick and tile is found. The ridge mentioned divides <strong>the</strong> prairie<br />

from <strong>the</strong> timber land. Part <strong>of</strong> sections 1 and 4 is prairie, stretching<br />

to <strong>the</strong> west with intervening groves <strong>of</strong> hickory and black oak. In <strong>the</strong><br />

nor<strong>the</strong>rn portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township was a dense growth <strong>of</strong> black and white<br />

walnut, maple, whitewood, black and white oak, linn and several o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

kinds <strong>of</strong> trees. There are no marshes or waste land in. <strong>the</strong> township,<br />

and it is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most productive in <strong>the</strong> Firelands. The township is<br />

watered by no very large streams. Mills Creek crosses section 3 and<br />

empties into <strong>the</strong> bay west <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. Pipe Creek passes through<br />

sections 4, 3 and 2, and flows into <strong>the</strong> bay east <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. Ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />

small stream, called Plum Brook, heads on <strong>the</strong> prairie, passes near<br />

Bogart, through "section 2, and finds its way into <strong>the</strong> cove. Much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

land is thoroughly underdrained, and is in a high state <strong>of</strong> cultivation.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> different tribes <strong>of</strong> Indians who inhabited <strong>the</strong> firelands<br />

were <strong>the</strong> Delawares and Ottawas, which belonged to <strong>the</strong> Algonquin family<br />

and <strong>the</strong> Wyandots or Hurons, and <strong>the</strong> Senecas, which belonged to<br />

<strong>the</strong>' Huron-Iroquois family. As late as 1818 <strong>the</strong> township was dotted<br />

over with Indian wigwams. Near Bogart's Corners was an unusually<br />

large encampment, on <strong>the</strong> farm afterward owned by A. N. Baker. As<br />

late as 1889 <strong>the</strong>re still remained near <strong>the</strong> east line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship<br />

twelve or fifteen buildings composed <strong>of</strong> poles and bark; and m <strong>the</strong><br />

northwest corner <strong>of</strong> section 2 <strong>the</strong>re used to be <strong>the</strong> ruins <strong>of</strong> an old fort.<br />

, The walls were <strong>of</strong> earth, about three feet in height, through which was<br />

an opening or gateway leading to a spring, <strong>the</strong> path to which had been<br />

worn to <strong>the</strong> depth <strong>of</strong> one foot. These remains were long ago leveled<br />

by <strong>the</strong> settlers. In different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township relics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se tribes<br />

are found, consisting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flint arrowhead, <strong>the</strong> charm, <strong>the</strong> battleax and<br />

scalping knife; and in some instances skeletons have been exhumed<br />

These were invariably buried in a sitting posture, <strong>the</strong>ir faces turned<br />

westward In 1887 some workmen employed in making an excavation<br />

on <strong>the</strong> farm <strong>of</strong> A. A. Storrs found six skeletons <strong>of</strong> Indians, some <strong>of</strong><br />

121

122 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

which Avere well preserved. Near <strong>the</strong> south line and north <strong>of</strong> Bloomingville,<br />

on <strong>the</strong> farm <strong>of</strong> Solomon Jarrett, <strong>the</strong>re Avas found an Indian grave,<br />

Avhich had been covered by tAvo large slabs <strong>of</strong> stone three feet long, <strong>the</strong><br />

upper ends <strong>of</strong> Avhich rested toge<strong>the</strong>r and <strong>the</strong> loAver ends apart. BetAveen<br />

<strong>the</strong>se AA'ere ashes and charcoal, and on <strong>the</strong>m lay a claAv hammer, worn<br />

and battered. This may have been obtained at <strong>the</strong> old French fort<br />

at Venice.<br />

The toAvnship derives its name from Hon. Elias Perkins, a resident <strong>of</strong><br />

NeAV London, Connecticut. Almon Ruggles made <strong>the</strong> first survey in 1808.<br />

Huron County was created in 1809, and Perkins became one <strong>of</strong> its<br />

townships. Previous to <strong>the</strong>/year 1810 no actual settlement had been<br />

made. It is true that oneVr two settlers were living within <strong>the</strong> limits,<br />

but <strong>the</strong>y were transient and only remained a year or tAvo. In <strong>the</strong> year<br />

just mentioned, Rev. John Beatty, <strong>the</strong>n a resident <strong>of</strong> Connecticut, purchased<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Firelands company nearly all <strong>the</strong> land in Perkins township.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> purchase was completed he, in company with Thomas James,<br />

who wished to purchase land, started immediately for <strong>the</strong> "Great West."<br />

They traveled through Pennsylvania, where <strong>the</strong>y were joined by James<br />

Forwyth, Mr. Beatty's bro<strong>the</strong>r-in-law. Their line <strong>of</strong> travel carried <strong>the</strong>m<br />

through Pittsburgh and Cleveland, which were only small villages. After<br />

a long, tiresome trip, traveling with ox-teams, and with many hairbreadth<br />

escapes, <strong>the</strong>y arrived at Perkins. Soon after Air. James bought<br />

land <strong>of</strong> Air. Beatty in <strong>the</strong> south part <strong>of</strong> section 4, and immediately built<br />

a log cabin, thus becoming <strong>the</strong> first actual settler. The next settlers were<br />

Christian Winters and John Freese, who arrived from Canada in 1812,<br />

and settled in <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township, living <strong>the</strong>re many<br />

years. At <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812 Mr. Beatty, who had looked well<br />

over <strong>the</strong> township, selected Perkins as his future home. He accordingly<br />

removed his family to <strong>the</strong> township, accompanied by <strong>the</strong> following persons:<br />

Julius House, Jesse Taylor, Holly Akins, Roswell Hubbard,<br />

Harvey Covell, Eleazer Bell, Joseph Taylor, Plinney Johnson, Richard<br />

Christopher, William R. Beebe, and Joseph Taylor, Jr. These all purchased<br />

land <strong>of</strong> Mr. Beatty, and erected log cabins on <strong>the</strong> ridge road leading<br />

to Bloomingville, and known as "Yankee Settlement.'/<br />

The following tables show <strong>the</strong> original owners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township and<br />

those Avho acquired <strong>the</strong>ir claims:<br />

PERKINS, TOAVN NO. 6, RANGE 23<br />

Classification No. 1, Section 1<br />

Am't Loss Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Na 'han '1 S. Perkins,<br />

Tho's S. Perkins, Lu-<br />

Nathan & Thomas Shaw.2,834 5 0<br />

cretia AA'. Perkins and<br />

Ellen E. Perkins 944 15<br />

Jonathan Douglass 1,44(5 14 7 Elias Perkins 397 3<br />

V., Mget Harris 24 19 0 Elias Perkins 5 3<br />

Miclnel Melally 94 4 7 Elias Perkins 7 6<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 1 1,344<br />

0<br />

5<br />

0<br />

0

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 123<br />

Classification No. 2, Section 2<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by<br />

Eihvard Hallum 10 16 0 Edward Hallum<br />

Edward and John Hallum<br />

310 9 8 Edward Hallum<br />

John Hallum 417 10 0<br />

John Hallum and B. Harris<br />

300 0 0<br />

Benjamin Harris 19 9 5<br />

Ebenezer Douglass 17 9 4<br />

Peter Bobertson 81 12 2<br />

Eosman Lawrence 54 0 0<br />

Thomas Jones 40 4 10 _,, , x, .,. TT<br />

,„.,,. TT- • , , •, n Edward, John, Abby H.,<br />

William Higgins 4 11 0 „,. ' , ,r „<br />

T ,. ~ ,„ .„ . Eliza A. and Mary F.<br />

Lydia Green 12 16 0 '<br />

Sam'l Lattimer ...' 24 7 6 Hallum<br />

Amasa Lamed 18 1 0<br />

Michael Love 23 0 0<br />

Joshua Potter 8 14 5<br />

Nath'l Thorp 3 13 5<br />

Judah P. Spooner 21 12 0<br />

Am' t Classed<br />

£ s.

124 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

In a small log schoolhouse, which had been built on <strong>the</strong> farm afterward<br />

owned by Dennis Taylor, <strong>the</strong> first township election was held in<br />

<strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1818, which resulted in <strong>the</strong> election <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following <strong>of</strong>ficers:<br />

John Beatty, township clerk; Eleizur LockAvood, John Freese,<br />

Julius House, trustees; William Beebe and RosAvell Hubbard, constables;<br />

John Dillingham and Harvey Covell, fence vieAvers.<br />

After Air. Beatty became settled he had <strong>the</strong> land surveyed Avhere<br />

Bogart noAV stands, and laid out in town lots, some <strong>of</strong> which Avere sold,<br />

but afterward reverted again to <strong>the</strong>ir original owner. In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong><br />

1819 he commenced building a stone residence at Bogart, which AA'as one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> landmarks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship, and Avas knoAvn for many years as<br />

<strong>the</strong> "Half-Way House." It was occupied for many years as a tavern<br />

and was well known in all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. Teamsters, in hauling<br />

grain to Sandusky from Afansfield and vicinity, used to stop <strong>the</strong>re, and<br />

THE OLD BEATTY HOUSE, THE FIRST STONE HOUSE BUILT IN PERKINS<br />

as many as forty teams have been seen in <strong>the</strong> yards at night. The stage,<br />

in making its regular trips from Alilan to Sandusky for tAventy-five<br />

years, also stopped <strong>the</strong>re. In 1817 Air. Beatty was appointed <strong>the</strong> first<br />

postmaster in <strong>the</strong> township. He distributed <strong>the</strong> mails from his log<br />

house, a drygoods box with some shelves being used to contain <strong>the</strong> mail.<br />

It is said that he never reported to <strong>the</strong> department, and he Avas removed<br />

and <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice discontinued in 1818 or 1819.<br />

The second post<strong>of</strong>fice was established in 1861, by Addison Mixter, and<br />

called Prairieville; but after one year it was discontinued. After this<br />

<strong>the</strong> people continued to receive <strong>the</strong>ir mail at Sandusky until 1882, when<br />

J. D. Parker was appointed postmaster.<br />

Air. Beatty kept in <strong>the</strong> stone house a small stock <strong>of</strong> dry goods. The<br />

first blacksmith shop was erected by Mr. Johnson on <strong>the</strong> ground afterward<br />

occupied by F. Siegel. Rev. William Gurley kept a shop in which<br />

he devoted himself to <strong>the</strong> silversmith business. Mr. Kellogg was <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 125<br />

proprietor <strong>of</strong> a cooper shop. John Brodhead was <strong>the</strong> only carpenter. A<br />

.tavern was kept by Holly Akins, on <strong>the</strong> location afterward occupied by<br />

J. D. Parker's store. Mr. Bell, fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Stewart Bell, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky,<br />

Avho died at an early day, was a ship carpenter. In <strong>the</strong> year 1817 he<br />

built a small vessel near <strong>the</strong> lake. It required forty yoke <strong>of</strong> oxen and<br />

a number <strong>of</strong> men to move it to <strong>the</strong> shore, which was accomplished after<br />

much labor. It was launched a short distance west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron. Doctor Christopher, a graduate <strong>of</strong> Yale College and possessed<br />

<strong>of</strong> a fine education, was without doubt <strong>the</strong> first practicing physician in<br />

<strong>the</strong> toAvnship, his <strong>of</strong>fice being located at Bogart. As <strong>the</strong> pioneers manufactured<br />

most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir wearing apparel, looms and spinning wheels were<br />

in good demand. These were made to order by Air. Hubbard, a wheelwright.<br />

'<br />

In <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1811 Rev. William Gurley and family arrived on <strong>the</strong><br />

Firelands and settled in Huron County, on <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prairie, in a<br />

log cabin near <strong>the</strong> south line <strong>of</strong> Perkins Township. At this time <strong>the</strong>re<br />

was no minister <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gospel within fifty miles. Great was <strong>the</strong> joy <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> settlers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrounding townships when <strong>the</strong>y heard that a<br />

preacher had arrived. The announcement Avas made that Mr. Gurley<br />

would preach in <strong>the</strong> schoolhouse at Bloomingville on <strong>the</strong> following<br />

Sunday. The people living within ten or twelve miles assembled at <strong>the</strong><br />

appointed time, and among <strong>the</strong>m were several Indians who came from<br />

curiosity. Mr. Gurley organized a class <strong>of</strong> ten members at <strong>the</strong> close,<br />

and this was <strong>the</strong> first sermon and society on <strong>the</strong> Firelands. The surrender<br />

<strong>of</strong> General Hull at Detroit caused a stampede among <strong>the</strong> settlers,<br />

many <strong>of</strong> whom did not return till <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> war. After <strong>the</strong> war a<br />

Avide field <strong>of</strong> labor opened to Mr. Gurley, which extended nearly over <strong>the</strong><br />

county. As <strong>the</strong>re was much sickness and many deaths, he was called<br />

upon to attend nearly all <strong>the</strong> funerals. He <strong>of</strong>ten remarked, "What a<br />

multitude I have buried, and nearly all younger than myself." He continued<br />

his labors for tAventy-five years, preaching his last sermon at <strong>the</strong><br />

age <strong>of</strong> eighty-nine.<br />

Soon after <strong>the</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong> John Beatly and his colony <strong>of</strong> settlers<br />

from Connecticut in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1815, he, Avith o<strong>the</strong>rs, proceeded to<br />

organize a Methodist society, Avhich was <strong>the</strong> first in <strong>the</strong> toAvnship. Julius<br />

House Avas chosen class leader, a position he occupied for fifty years.<br />

Services AA'ere held at <strong>the</strong> log schoolhouse or dAA'ellings until about <strong>the</strong><br />

year 1830, when a large frame building Avas erected opposite where <strong>the</strong><br />

brick church IIOAV stands. After <strong>the</strong> society Avas formed no regular<br />

preaching AVIIS held till February, J818, although occasional sermons.<br />

Avere preached by John Beatty.<br />

The Ohio Conference, in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1817, attached five appointments<br />

to tin; Cuyahoga circuit. These appointments Avere such a distance<br />

from <strong>the</strong> circuit that <strong>the</strong> minister in charge AA'Ould not accept <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

Rev. James B. Finley, <strong>the</strong> presiding elder, sent Reverend Bronson to<br />

form a circuit and become pastor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same <strong>the</strong> balance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year.<br />

Perkins Avas his fourth appointment. When <strong>the</strong> time arrived for his<br />

first quarterly meeting, <strong>the</strong> presiding elder being absent, Rev. William

126 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Gurley <strong>of</strong>ficiated. This AA'as <strong>the</strong> first quarterly meeting held on <strong>the</strong> Firelands.<br />

This society has prospered continuously from <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> its<br />

organization. The frame building spoken <strong>of</strong> was occupied until <strong>the</strong><br />

year 1854, when a commodious tAvo-story brick building Avas erected. On<br />

<strong>the</strong> north and east sides comfortable horse sheds were built. A pleasant<br />

and cozy parsonage for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pastor occupies an adjoining lot.<br />

The Sunday school was first organized about 1830.<br />

The educational interest is an important feature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1816 a log schoolhouse Avas built on <strong>the</strong> farm <strong>of</strong> Jesse<br />

Taylor, and <strong>the</strong> winter school was taught by Doctor Christopher. Ann<br />

Beatty, daughter <strong>of</strong> John Beatty, taught <strong>the</strong> following summer. The<br />

pay was very small in those days. Female teachers received from $4 to<br />

$6 per month, and male teachers $10 or $12. Board AVIIS furnished,<br />

which <strong>the</strong> teacher got by "boarding round." Tuition was paid by each<br />

family in proportion to <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> pupils sent. As <strong>the</strong> toAvnship<br />

filled up with settlers it Avas divided into eleven school districts, and<br />

later fine brick or frame school buildings with all <strong>the</strong> modern appliances<br />

were built at a cost <strong>of</strong> from $1,500 to $2,000.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first literary societies in <strong>the</strong> toAA'nship, and in fact in this<br />

part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, Avas composed <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> young men from <strong>the</strong><br />

townships <strong>of</strong> Perkins, Huron and Alilan, about <strong>the</strong> year 1819. The late<br />

Rev. L. B. Gurley Avas a member <strong>of</strong> this society. They usually met on<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ridges on Saturday during <strong>the</strong> summer and debated many<br />

important questions. In later years societies for both social and intellectual<br />

improvement have been organized at different times, to meet<br />

during <strong>the</strong> winter season and suspend during <strong>the</strong> summer months.<br />

Ano<strong>the</strong>r society, <strong>the</strong> Ladies' Home Alission, deserves mention. It was<br />

organized many years ago by <strong>the</strong> ladies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township for benevolent<br />

and charitable purposes. The meetings were held regularly at <strong>the</strong> residences<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> members <strong>the</strong> first Thursday <strong>of</strong> each month.<br />

In March, 1874, Perkins Grange, No. 637, Patrons <strong>of</strong> Husbandry,<br />

Avas organized with a charter membership <strong>of</strong> thirty-three. The groAvth<br />

Avas rapid, and by Alay <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year <strong>the</strong> membership had increased<br />

to eighty-five. From 1876 to 1881 little interest Avas taken in <strong>the</strong> grange,<br />

and m/mbers gradually dropped out, but later <strong>the</strong> organization Avas<br />

revived. The late Col. D. C. Richmond AA'as an active member in effecting<br />

its organization, <strong>of</strong> which he held <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> worthy master.<br />

The hamlet <strong>of</strong> Bogart is located in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern corner <strong>of</strong> section<br />

2, at <strong>the</strong> junction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roads leading to Sandusky, Huron. Alilan,<br />

Bloomingville and Castalia. In <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year considerable business<br />

is transacted.<br />

Oakland cemetery is a beaptiful park in <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>astern corner <strong>of</strong><br />

section 2, on <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> Pipe Creek. It is .systematically laid out into<br />

lots, Avith driveAvays bordered Avith maples, evergreens, willows and<br />

various o<strong>the</strong>r trees. The grounds are under <strong>the</strong> care <strong>of</strong> a superintendent,<br />

Avho, with a corps <strong>of</strong> assistants, keep <strong>the</strong> enclosure in perfect<br />

condition. A stone Avail bounds <strong>the</strong> cemetery on <strong>the</strong> north and east<br />

sides. A large stone vault and chapel stands near <strong>the</strong> entrance, which

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 127<br />

is on <strong>the</strong> Alilan road leading from Sandusky; also a handsome and substantial<br />

dwelling <strong>of</strong> Queen. Anne style for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> superintendent.<br />

As this place is <strong>the</strong> burying ground <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, as well as Perkins<br />

Township, it is visited by many people almost every day in <strong>the</strong> year.<br />

The Erie County Infirmary Farm adjoins <strong>the</strong> cemetery on <strong>the</strong> west.<br />

The main building, which is <strong>of</strong> blue limestone, presents an imposing<br />

and handsome appearance. It Avas built in 1886, at a cost <strong>of</strong> about<br />

$40,000, to replace one destroyed by fire <strong>the</strong> Avinter <strong>of</strong> 1885-86. The<br />

building is heated by steam, and is as near firepro<strong>of</strong> as it AA'as known<br />

how to make it at that time. Of recent years a eonA'enient and Avellequipped<br />

hospital has been added.<br />

The Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home is located in section 2, south<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cemetery. The AA'ork <strong>of</strong> building Avas begun in 1887. The buildings<br />

are <strong>of</strong> stone, with brick partitions and slate ro<strong>of</strong>s, <strong>of</strong> handsome<br />

designs and substantial character. The buildings are set in a large and<br />

beautiful park, Avith a cemetery adjoining, and this institution sometimes<br />

accommodates as many as 1,500 veterans at one time.<br />

The agricultural interests <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township are flattering. The soil is<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> richest quality, well underdrained, and is adapted to raising all<br />

kinds <strong>of</strong> crops. The limestone soil produces a good yield <strong>of</strong> wheat, while<br />

on <strong>the</strong> ridges a variety <strong>of</strong> crops is raised, <strong>the</strong> principal one being potatoes,<br />

<strong>of</strong> which, during a favorable season, thousands <strong>of</strong> bushels are produced.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> prairie soil corn and oats are mostly raised. Large 'quantity's <strong>of</strong><br />

apples, peaches, grapes, strawberries and o<strong>the</strong>r small fruits are raised<br />

and shipped.<br />

The shipping <strong>of</strong> moulding sand is an important business. This sand<br />

is found only on <strong>the</strong> sandy ridges before mentioned, and is <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> finest<br />

quality. It is found just below <strong>the</strong> soil, which is usually about one foot<br />

in depth. The soil is first removed and placed at one side, after which<br />

<strong>the</strong> sand is taken out and <strong>the</strong> soil replaced, Avhich leaves <strong>the</strong> land in<br />

good condition. Hundreds <strong>of</strong> tons are annually shipped to all parts<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, AA'hich passes<br />

through <strong>the</strong> central part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship, furnishes an excellent shipping<br />

point, known as Greene's Station, about four miles from Sandusky.<br />

From here a large share <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sand is shipped, also quantities <strong>of</strong><br />

produce.

CHAPTER XI<br />

GROTON TOWNSHIP<br />

This township Avas originally known as Wheatsborough, after a Mr.<br />

Wheat who owned <strong>the</strong> greater portion <strong>of</strong> it. The name was afterward<br />

changed at <strong>the</strong> request <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants.<br />

The surface is level; about one-half being prairie, while <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

portion was covered with scrubby timber. The soil <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn half<br />

is black muck, with a sprinkling <strong>of</strong> sand; while <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn portion has<br />

a limestone soil, with a substratum <strong>of</strong> limestone suitable for building<br />

purposes. A small stream runs through <strong>the</strong> township, rising in Lyme<br />

and floAving in a nor<strong>the</strong>asterly direction to Oxford. The Indians gave<br />

it <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Pipe Creek because <strong>of</strong> a s<strong>of</strong>t stone suitable for making<br />

pipes found along its banks. In former times a lime kiln was operated<br />

here, but was discontinued, and now <strong>the</strong> limestone is sent elsewhere to<br />

be burned, several kilns being supplied by it.<br />

Wild animals formerly abounded here as elsewhere on <strong>the</strong> Firelands,<br />

and elderly residents used to tell <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time when wolves, deer, wildcats,<br />

foxes, wild turkeys, raccoons and prairie chickens were hunted and killed.<br />

A Mr. Rash, in an old record, gives, a vivid word-picture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> method<br />

by Avhich <strong>the</strong> natives used to attempt to catch wild turkeys.<br />

"To see about one hundred Indians surround <strong>the</strong> same number <strong>of</strong><br />

Avild turkeys, to see <strong>the</strong> turkeys fly without one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m being killed,<br />

and to hear <strong>the</strong> outlandish gutteral ejaculations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exasperated redskins,<br />

Avishing <strong>the</strong> turkeys Avere in a place decidedly remote from <strong>the</strong><br />

happy hunting-grounds Avas very funny to <strong>the</strong> spectators."<br />

The Indians <strong>of</strong> this toAvnship Avere mostly members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Seneca<br />

tribe, and in many respects differed from <strong>the</strong> Wyandots and neighboring<br />

tribes. The Senecas were one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tribes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Iroquois Confederacy,<br />

and noted like <strong>the</strong>m for <strong>the</strong> Avisdom and simplicity <strong>of</strong> character which<br />

has given <strong>the</strong>m a place in history. Alatrons Avere represented in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

public councils, and exercised a veto influence in questions <strong>of</strong> peace and<br />

Avar, Avhile <strong>the</strong> orators, Red Jacket, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Senecas; Logan, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cayugas,<br />

and Shenandoah, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Oneidas, who are historical characters, gave<br />

pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eloquence that distinguished this people.<br />

Groton ToAvnship is No. 5, range 24, and is bounded on <strong>the</strong><br />

north by Alargaretta, south by Lyme, in Huron County, east by Oxford,<br />

and west by <strong>the</strong> toAvnships <strong>of</strong> York and ToAvnsend, in Sandusky County.<br />

The folloAving is a list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original proprietors and those AVIIO by inheritance<br />

or o<strong>the</strong>nvise came into possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original claims: '<br />

128

Original Grantees<br />

Latham Avery<br />

Thankful Avery<br />

Amos Avery<br />

George Avery<br />

Kuth Ilolliday<br />

Elizabeth Latham<br />

Ezekiel Bailey<br />

Alexander Kidd<br />

Daniel Williams<br />

Christopher Woodbridge.<br />

Benajah Lester<br />

Samuel Chester<br />

Daniel Eldridge<br />

Benjamin Avery<br />

Jason Chester<br />

John Hix<br />

Elizabeth More<br />

Nancy More<br />

Rebecca Minor<br />

Mary More<br />

John (or Jonathan)<br />

Latham<br />

James Bailey<br />

Captain Edward Latham<br />

Thomas Starr<br />

Experience Ward<br />

Benjamin Chester<br />

Benjamin Chester<br />

Benjamin Chester<br />

Elisha Prior<br />

.Nathan (or Nath'l)<br />

Seabnry<br />

Elizabeth Seabnry<br />

Thankful Avery<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 12!<br />

GROTON, TOWN NO. 5, RANGE 24<br />

Classification No. 1, Section 1<br />

Am't Loss Am't<br />

£ s. d. Classified by £<br />

103 5 6 Latham Avery 303<br />

2G3 16 8 Latham Avery 183<br />

32 2 2 Latham Avery 12<br />

8 8 2 Latham Avery 8<br />

43 11 3 Latham Avery 43<br />

15 12 (5 Latham AA-ery 15<br />

2 19 5 Latham Avery 2<br />

9 5 11 Latham Avery 9<br />

7 13 0 Latham Avery 7<br />

1 3 0 Latham Avery 1<br />

0 2 7 Latham AA'ery 0<br />

10 6 6 Latham Avery .' 10<br />

4 14 0 Latham AA'ery 4<br />

3 19 0 Latham Avery 3<br />

<strong>20</strong> 18 0 Latham Avery <strong>20</strong><br />

7 8 0 Latham Avery 7<br />

62 ' 10 9 Latham Avery 62<br />

30 10 2 Latham Avery 30<br />

1 6 11 Latham Avery 1<br />

10 , 13 6 Latham Avery 10<br />

s.<br />

5<br />

8<br />

2<br />

8<br />

11<br />

12<br />

19<br />

5<br />

13<br />

3<br />

2<br />

6<br />

14<br />

19<br />

18<br />

. 8<br />

10<br />

10<br />

6<br />

15<br />

d.<br />

6<br />

8<br />

2<br />

2<br />

3<br />

6<br />

5<br />

11<br />

0<br />

0<br />

7<br />

6<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

0<br />

9<br />

2<br />

11<br />

6<br />

94 18 9 Latham Avery - 94 18<br />

18 9<br />

2 10 0 Latham Avery 2 10 0<br />

4 8 7 Latham Avery 4 8 7<br />

1 1 6 Latham Avery 1 1 6<br />

2 19 5 Latham Avery 2 19<br />

5<br />

442 3 0% Starr Chester 147 7 8<br />

Jephama Pratt 147 7 8<br />

442 3 &y2 James Dennison 147 7 8<br />

34 12 11 Elisha Prior 34 12 11<br />

3 18 0 Nathaniel Seabury 3 18 0<br />

177 11 0 Elizabeth Seabury 137 5 10<br />

263 16 8 Ebenezer Lester 80 8 0<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 1 1,344 7<br />

Classification<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d.<br />

John Deshon 1,177 6 2<br />

Eliphalet Harris <strong>20</strong> 12 15<br />

John Deshon & Co 556 10 0<br />

No. 2, Section 2<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Samuel Wheat, <strong>of</strong> New<br />

London 1,177 6 2<br />

Samuel Wheat, <strong>of</strong> New<br />

• London <strong>20</strong> 12 15<br />

Samuel Wheat, <strong>of</strong> New<br />

London 146 8 5<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 2 1,344 7<br />

Classification<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ s." d.<br />

Isaac Moseby 500 0 0<br />

Elizabeth Westcole .... 87 6 0<br />

A-oi. i— a<br />

No. 3, Section 3<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s. . d.<br />

Mary, wife <strong>of</strong> Job Tabor 500 0 0<br />

Mary, wife <strong>of</strong> Job Tabor 87 6 0

130 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Classification No.<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d.<br />

Joseph Hurlburt' 965 8 3<br />

Josejih Hurlburt<br />

Alexander Heed 60 18 1<br />

Guy Richards & Son... 811 8 10<br />

Isaac Champlin 142 3 3<br />

Gersham Thorp () 0 0<br />

Joseph Lyon 31 15 9<br />

Gershom Banks 14 15 0<br />

Simeon Couch 3d 227 9 3<br />

AVilliam Batterson 16 .'! 0<br />

3, Section 3 (Continued)<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Mary, wife <strong>of</strong> Job Tabor 114 0 10<br />

Samuel H. P. Lee, NeAV<br />

London 114 0 10<br />

•Samuel H. P. Lee, NCAV<br />

London 53 19 2<br />

.Samuel 11. P. Lee, NCAV<br />

London 128 9 5<br />

Alary S., Enoch T 47 7 9<br />

and Samuel II 9 0 0<br />

Parsons, children .... 31 15 9<br />

<strong>of</strong> Enoch Parsons.... 14 15 0<br />

Esf|., MiildletoAvii 227 9 »<br />

16 3 0<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 3 ; 1,344<br />

Original Grantees<br />

Clasi sifieation No. 4, Section 4<br />

Am *t Loss<br />

£ s. d. Classified by<br />

Am 't Classed<br />

£ s. d.<br />

Alexander Reed<br />

60 18 1 Samuel H. P. Lee. 6 18 11<br />

Jabez (or Jos.) Minor.. 7 10 7 Samuel II. P. Lee. 7 10 7<br />

James Culver<br />

8' 9 1 Samuel 11. P. Lee. 8 9 1<br />

James Mat<strong>the</strong>ws<br />

29 19 2 Samuel H. P. Lee. 29 19<br />

William Brooks<br />

65 11 fil/v* Samuel II. P. Lee. 65 11 6V-<br />

Joseph OAven<br />

75 18 6 Samuel II. P. Lee. 75 18 6<br />

James Pittman<br />

145 8 •1 Samuel H. P. Lee. 145 8 4<br />

John Champlin<br />

104 5 Samuel II. P. Lee. 104 5<br />

Percy Beers<br />

6<br />

Samuel II. Lee. 6 2<br />

Anthony Mitchell<br />

23 6 Samuel H. Lee. 23 6<br />

John Tilley<br />

6 6 Samuel H. Lee. 6 6<br />

Stephen Hempstead ....<br />

Lydia Beebe<br />

Abigail Bell<br />

70<br />

24<br />

6<br />

1<br />

0<br />

9<br />

Samuel II. P. Lee<br />

Samuel II. P. Lee.<br />

Samuel H. P. Lee.<br />

52<br />

12<br />

3<br />

«%<br />

6<br />

10 Vi<br />

John Springer<br />

17 0 Samuel H. P. Lee. 8 6<br />

Lydia Johnson<br />

21 0 Samuel H. P. Lee 10 6<br />

Mary Newbury<br />

14 5 0 Samuel H. P. Lee<br />

7 2 6<br />

William Stark .".<br />

17 9 10 Samuel H. P. Lee<br />

8 14 11<br />

Nathaniel Dickerson 15 1 0 Samuel II. P. Lee<br />

7 10 6<br />

Joanna Holt<br />

35 13 0 Samuel H. P. Leo 17 16 6<br />

Mary Lewis -. 5 12 0 Samuel H. P. Lee<br />

o 16 0<br />

Stephen Hempstead<br />

Lydia Beebe<br />

70<br />

24<br />

6<br />

5<br />

1<br />

0<br />

Heirs Sam '1 Tabor, Jr... 17 11<br />

Heirs Sam '1 Tabor, Jr... 12 2<br />

61/4<br />

6<br />

Abigail Bell<br />

6 11 9 Heirs Sam '1 Tabor, Jr... 3 5 101/2<br />

John Springer<br />

17 19 0 Heirs Sam'l Tabor, Jr... 8 9 6<br />

Lydia Johnson<br />

21 15 0 Heirs Sam '1 Tabor, Jr... 10 17 6<br />

Mary Newbury<br />

14 5 0 Heirs Sam 'I Tabor, Jr... 7 2 6<br />

AVilliam Stark<br />

17 9 10 Heirs Sam '1 Tabor, Jr... 8 14 11<br />

Nathaniel Dickinson ... 15 1 0 Heirs Sam '1 Tabor, Jr... 7 10<br />

Jonathan Holt '. 35 13 0 Heirs Sam'l Tabor, Jr... 17 16<br />

Mary Lewis<br />

5 12 0 Heirs Sam'l Tabor, Jr... 2 16<br />

Joseph Hurlburt<br />

965 8 3 Heirs Sam '1 Tabor, Jr... 114 0 10<br />

John Deshon & Co 556 10 0 Sam'l AVheat, Esq 410 1 7<br />

Bethia Talmon<br />

63 5 0 John Lord 51 2 10<br />

John Spencer<br />

58 0 George Chapman 58 8 0<br />

Tooting <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 4... .• 1,343 16 7>£<br />

0

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 131<br />

The township was not organized until June 2,1834, when an election<br />

was held at <strong>the</strong> house <strong>of</strong> William AlcCord, and <strong>the</strong> following <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />

were chosen: Trustees, Nathaniel Chapman, Bishop Stebbins, Nathan<br />

Strong; clerk, Hiram Deyo; treasurer, Stephen Crippen; justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

peace, Stephen Crippen; constable, Joshua Lace; fence viewers, George<br />

Cook, Orange Potter, Elaphall Toppen; poor-masters, James Bemiss,<br />

James Alorecraft.<br />

The first settlement Avas made on Pipe Creek by Jonathan Sprague,<br />

Squire Richey and o<strong>the</strong>rs in 1809. In 1811 Capt. Seth Harrington, for<br />

many years one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most prominent men <strong>of</strong> his township, moved in<br />

from Conneaut, Ohio, Avith his family. He was originally from Rhode<br />

Island. He had a family <strong>of</strong> ten children. Among o<strong>the</strong>r early settlers<br />

Avert* Hiram Blackmail, George Furguson, Alexis Jackson, William James<br />

and Phineas Dunham.<br />

Squire Richey felled <strong>the</strong> first tree and built <strong>the</strong> first log house. The<br />

settlers' cabins were primitive affairs, but much more comfortable than<br />

those built by <strong>the</strong> wandering squatters who preceded <strong>the</strong>m. These had<br />

built bark huts, Avith four posts and a ridge-pole. Layers <strong>of</strong> bark AA'ere<br />

Avound round <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> post, overlapping, so as to shed rain, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> Avas laid on in <strong>the</strong> same way. The trials <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneers were<br />

very great. Not only were <strong>the</strong>y in danger from Indians, but <strong>the</strong>y suffered<br />

from scarcity <strong>of</strong> food and clothing. There was not a family in this<br />

region during <strong>the</strong> years 1809 and 1810 who did not endure <strong>the</strong>se hardships<br />

in some form. Game was plentiful, but living entirely on wild<br />

meat developed feebleness and disease in everyone except <strong>the</strong> savages.<br />

For many years after <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812 clothing was made from <strong>the</strong> skins<br />

<strong>of</strong> wild animals, and caps <strong>of</strong> raccoon skin, with <strong>the</strong> fur outside, jackets<br />

and pantaloons <strong>of</strong> deer skin, and o<strong>the</strong>r garments to match were universally<br />

worn. There were no tanneries to dress lea<strong>the</strong>r, and when Avet<br />

<strong>the</strong>se articles became hard as a board. A man in <strong>the</strong>se garments, in<br />

mid-winter, was about as comfortable as if wearing pieces <strong>of</strong> stovepipe.<br />

Besides all <strong>the</strong>se inconveniences, <strong>the</strong> season became sickly, and for several<br />

years privation and distress followed <strong>the</strong> settlers.<br />

Touching stories are found in <strong>the</strong> ancient records <strong>of</strong> events in<br />

Ohio during those early days, and Ave read with astonishment and<br />

wonder at <strong>the</strong> motive that induced those men to take <strong>the</strong>ir families to<br />

<strong>the</strong> new country Avhere suffering and danger awaited <strong>the</strong>m. One young<br />

man Avith his family settled in thick Avoods, cleared his small patch<br />

<strong>of</strong> ground, became sick and died. Soon after a hunter passing <strong>the</strong><br />

clearing saw everything still and mistrusted <strong>the</strong>re must be something<br />

Avrong with <strong>the</strong> family. He opened <strong>the</strong> door, and was startled by <strong>the</strong><br />

appearance <strong>of</strong> a AA-oman sitting by <strong>the</strong> fire, pale and emaciated, holding<br />

in her arms a sickly babe. She burst into tears and at length said,<br />

"There is my little EdAvard," pointing to <strong>the</strong> bed. "I expect he is<br />

dying. And here is my babe, so sick I cannot lay it down, and I am<br />

so weak I can hardly sit in my chair. Oh, that I was back in my own<br />

country, Avhere I could fall in <strong>the</strong> arms <strong>of</strong> my mo<strong>the</strong>r!" Tears rolled<br />

down <strong>the</strong> cheeks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hunter as he walked away for help.

132 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Amusing stories were told by <strong>the</strong> pioneers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> makeshifts necessary<br />

in <strong>the</strong> early days, and in <strong>the</strong> light and comfort <strong>of</strong> later times<br />

<strong>the</strong>y were sometimes heard to say, "Ah, those happy days <strong>of</strong> primitive<br />

simplicity Avhen all family pride was forgotten in general friendship<br />

and kindness <strong>of</strong> personal attachment." Could any amount <strong>of</strong> conventional<br />

elegance compensate for <strong>the</strong> hearty hospitality related in an<br />

old history Avhen a visit Avas gotten up by <strong>the</strong> ladies to call on a neighbor<br />

who lived at a distance? The hostess at once began preparations<br />

for tea. She had but one firepro<strong>of</strong> vessel, an old bake-oven, and <strong>of</strong><br />

course it Avould take some time. Some pork was fried in <strong>the</strong> kettle<br />

first to get lard, <strong>the</strong>n cakes were made and fried in <strong>the</strong> lard, <strong>the</strong>n<br />

shortcakes were made and baked in it, <strong>the</strong>n it Avas used as a bucket to<br />

draw water, which was afterward heated in it and <strong>the</strong> tea made in it.<br />

The first house Avas built by Seth Harrington in 1817. The first<br />

child born in <strong>the</strong> township Avas Ann Furguson, daughter <strong>of</strong> George Furguson.<br />

The first death Avas that <strong>of</strong> a man named Standish Wood.<br />

There were no undertakers on <strong>the</strong> Firelands <strong>the</strong>n, and <strong>the</strong> bereaved<br />

Avere obliged to see <strong>the</strong>ir loved ones buried in rudest simplicity. The<br />

first funeral was an instance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extremity to Avhich <strong>the</strong> early settlers<br />

Avere reduced. The c<strong>of</strong>fin was made from <strong>the</strong> boards <strong>of</strong> a wagon box,<br />

and those that Avere not used at this time were kept for ano<strong>the</strong>r occasion.<br />

When <strong>the</strong> wagon box Avas at length used up, Seth Harrington<br />

and George Sprague made several c<strong>of</strong>fins from oak trees, split into<br />

puncheons and dressed doAvn to look like boards.<br />

The settlers had to go to Cleveland for <strong>the</strong>ir mail until a route Avas<br />

established between Cleveland and Detroit, passing through Groton.<br />

John Paxton carried <strong>the</strong> mail in 1814. AfterAvards Groton people<br />

depended on <strong>the</strong> Bloomingville post<strong>of</strong>fice. Groton post<strong>of</strong>fice AVIIS established<br />

in 1854, with Rev. Zar Patch, a local preacher <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alethodist<br />

Episcopal Church, as <strong>the</strong> first commissioned postmaster. The post<strong>of</strong>fice<br />

is now at <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvnship. %<br />

The first magistrate was elected in 1816, and as Squire Richey has<br />

lived in history in connection with a story told <strong>of</strong> a young couple he<br />

met while riding over <strong>the</strong> prairie, Avho were going to his house to be<br />

married. The justice dismounted and performed <strong>the</strong> ceremony on <strong>the</strong><br />

spot.<br />

The first physician was Dr. W. Hastings, who commenced practicing<br />

in <strong>the</strong> early part <strong>of</strong> 1810. After <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812 he moved to Knox<br />

County, Ohio, where he Avas elected member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Legislature. He<br />

returned to Groton with his family in 1815. They had eight children,<br />

all sons. The doctor continued his practice until his death in 1864, at<br />

<strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> eighty-nine.<br />

The beginning <strong>of</strong> Groton's school system Avas a school taught by<br />

Elijah Fleming in 1818, and was supported by subscriptions that<br />

amounted to $14 a month.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> early settlers whose names deserve a place in <strong>the</strong> history<br />

<strong>of</strong> Groton Township are Amos McLouth, Samuel Bemiss, Charles<br />

Rash and Worthington Nims.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 133<br />

Amos McLouth came to Groton in 1817, with three o<strong>the</strong>r families,<br />

from <strong>the</strong> beautiful Berkshire hills <strong>of</strong> Massachusetts. Mr. McLouth,<br />

with his family, remained. He died here in 1870 at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> seventysix.<br />

He was at one time clerk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Common Pleas Court, and has<br />

also held several o<strong>the</strong>r prominent positions in <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

Samuel Bemiss came from Buffalo by water, on <strong>the</strong> steamer Superior,<br />

<strong>the</strong> only vessel on <strong>the</strong> lake, she having taken <strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Walk-on<strong>the</strong>-Water,<br />

which had foundered a short time before.<br />

Charles Rash found his way to <strong>the</strong> Firelands in 1815, from Ontario<br />

County, New York. He made <strong>the</strong> journey on horseback, and was followed<br />

by his bro<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> same way in 1819. The journey occupied<br />

nine days, and <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>rs settled on <strong>the</strong> farm since owned by Libey<br />

Rash. Charles became justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace in 18<strong>20</strong>, and served in that<br />

capacity for eighteen years consecutively. He died in 1853, aged<br />

sixty-one.<br />

Worthington Nims came from Massachusetts in 1826, and selected his<br />

home, <strong>the</strong>n went back to marry his wife, and came to reside here.<br />

Religious meetings were held first in <strong>the</strong> dwellings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlers by<br />

Reverend Mr. Gurley and o<strong>the</strong>rs. The pioneer church was Methodist<br />

and met in <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township, where a church building<br />

was afterwards built. Ano<strong>the</strong>r church is located on lot No. 35 in<br />

section 3. Sand Hill Church is a union <strong>of</strong> all denominations.<br />

Early in <strong>the</strong> settlement a grist mill was built on Pipe Creek, by Eli<br />

and Edward Ford, and a distillery just above it on <strong>the</strong> same stream. A<br />

tannery was also built on Pipe Creek by Truman Bonney; and <strong>the</strong>re<br />

was at one time a cabinet shop <strong>of</strong> large capacity that carried on a good<br />

business. There is no village in this township. The Seven-Mile House<br />

is <strong>the</strong> first and only hotel. The first store was opened at Pipe Creek,<br />

at one time quite a village, by John Wheeler, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, in about 1830.

CHAPTER XII<br />

AIARGARETTA TOWNSHIP<br />

Alargaretta is <strong>the</strong> nortliAvest township in <strong>the</strong> county, and is bounded<br />

on <strong>the</strong> north by Sandusky Bay, on <strong>the</strong> east by Sandusky City, Perkins<br />

and Oxford townships, on <strong>the</strong> south by Groton, and on <strong>the</strong> Avest by<br />

Sandusky County and <strong>the</strong> bay. It is range 24, township 6.<br />

The physical features <strong>of</strong> this township are ra<strong>the</strong>r monotonous, as<br />

are those <strong>of</strong> all prairie regions, but this monotony is varied here by<br />

streams and springs and two caves. The western half is rolling and<br />

thinly timbered, with a combination <strong>of</strong> clay, limestone and sandy soil.<br />

The nor<strong>the</strong>ast portion was at one time heavily timbered, and had a rich<br />

muck soil with clay sub-soil that made it very productive. The second<br />

section was heavily timbered, except in <strong>the</strong> south, which AA'as oak "openings,"<br />

Avith a gradual descent to <strong>the</strong> north. The third section is mostly<br />

prairie, and used to be called a marsh, until a channel was made for<br />

Cold Creek, and by building a railroad, which has drained it and made<br />

good farming land <strong>of</strong> it. The timber on <strong>the</strong> timber lands was mostly<br />

oak <strong>of</strong> different kinds, with a sprinkling <strong>of</strong> elm and ash, butternut, chestnut<br />

and maple. The soil is generally fertile and very productive, but<br />

occasional ridges <strong>of</strong> limestone cropping out make it in some places difficult<br />

<strong>of</strong> cultivation. The soil varies with different localities, sometimes<br />

sandy with a preponderance <strong>of</strong> clay. There is a well-nigh inexhaustible<br />

supply <strong>of</strong> stone suitable for building or paving purposes.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> early days <strong>of</strong> Ohio wild animals abounded here, and wonderful<br />

stories are told <strong>of</strong> hunting and trapping on <strong>the</strong> very spot where<br />

handsome residences now stand. Wild turkeys were especially plentiful,<br />

and were caught by <strong>the</strong> Indians in a fashion peculiarly <strong>the</strong>ir own,<br />

Avhich was aftenvard adopted by <strong>the</strong> settlers. This was done by driving<br />

<strong>the</strong>m into pens. The more sportsmanlike preferred to shoot <strong>the</strong>m<br />

with a rifle. Wolves had <strong>the</strong>ir headquarters at Cold Creek, and Avere<br />

numerous. Deer abounded and were hunted by <strong>the</strong> pioneers, who considered<br />

this <strong>the</strong>ir principal diversion. Today <strong>the</strong>re are no wild animals<br />

to be found except squirrels and rabbits.<br />

A narrow slip <strong>of</strong> land belonging to this township runs along Sandusky<br />

Bay which is marshy and Avet on <strong>the</strong> Avestern portion and dry<br />

or timbered on <strong>the</strong> east. When <strong>the</strong> lake is high it is overflowed Avith<br />

Avater on <strong>the</strong> marshy side and at o<strong>the</strong>r times produces a coarse kind <strong>of</strong><br />

grass.<br />

Cold Creek is <strong>the</strong> most important stream in <strong>the</strong> toAvnship, but<br />

besides this <strong>the</strong>re is in <strong>the</strong> southwest corner a small stream knoAvn as<br />

Pike Creek which runs in a nor<strong>the</strong>asterly course into Perkins Township<br />

and empties into Sandusky Bay. This drains a large area, and in<br />

134

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 135<br />

former days had a force that ran a couple <strong>of</strong> saAvmills. There are also<br />

two o<strong>the</strong>r small streams strongly impregnated with mineral substances,<br />

but <strong>the</strong> one stream <strong>of</strong> importance is Cold Creek that rises near <strong>the</strong><br />

center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township and finds its way to Sandusky Bay. It is scarcely<br />

over four miles long, and when it took its natural channel flooded over<br />

level land that became <strong>the</strong> paradise for muskrats, otter, and mink. It<br />

noAV runs in an artificial channel or mill race, and has a power sufficient<br />

to run several mills. Where this stream rises it seems to boil up<br />

from a great depth in crevices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> limestone rock. Not over half a<br />

mile from this was at one time a narrow stream that had its rise in<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r spring. By artificial aids this was greatly enlarged, and it<br />

excavated for itself a large basin nearly fifty feet in diameter. Any<br />

one standing on its shore could .see large trees lying on <strong>the</strong> bottom,<br />

but no one knows hoAV <strong>the</strong>y came <strong>the</strong>re. This was called little Cold<br />

Creek. That <strong>the</strong> two streams had a secret connection underground no<br />

one doubted who watched <strong>the</strong> increase <strong>of</strong> one when <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r decreased;<br />

and, <strong>the</strong>refore, it was thought wise to connect <strong>the</strong> tAvo. After much<br />

expense and trouble this was done, but <strong>the</strong> result was far from satisfactory,<br />

as <strong>the</strong> waters ran in an opposite direction to that desired. Cold<br />

Creek has a fall <strong>of</strong> fifty-seven feet. The water <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> springs is so<br />

strongly impregnated Avith mineral substances that whenever it drips<br />

on anything it covers it with a coating which becomes hard and assumes<br />

fanciful forms.<br />

Margaretta was first called Patterson, on <strong>the</strong> map issued by <strong>the</strong><br />

Firelands Company soon after <strong>the</strong>ir lands were surveyed. It was so<br />

named for Hugh Patterson, a British Indian trader, who talked <strong>of</strong><br />

purchasing <strong>the</strong> township. Rev. Joseph Badger, a pioneer missionary<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western Reserve, who labored among <strong>the</strong> Wyandot Indians most<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time from 1805 to 1810, speaks <strong>of</strong> him as exerting a most pernicious<br />

influence in trying to prejudice <strong>the</strong>m against <strong>the</strong> United States<br />

Government and <strong>the</strong> missionary, by telling <strong>the</strong>m falsehoods, and trying<br />

to persuade <strong>the</strong>m to join <strong>the</strong> British against <strong>the</strong> United States. He<br />

says: "On <strong>the</strong> 28th <strong>of</strong> July, 1805, <strong>the</strong> head chief, Crane, sent for me<br />

to write for him. After we had taken supper one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> women made<br />

a candle <strong>of</strong> beeswax, and I seated myself on <strong>the</strong> floor, beside a bench,<br />

and wrote as dictated by <strong>the</strong> old chief, through an interpreter. He<br />

addressed <strong>the</strong> governor at Detroit, giving an account <strong>of</strong> one Williams,<br />

and requested that Williams and Hugh Patterson and one o<strong>the</strong>r person<br />

be removed from among <strong>the</strong>m without delay, as <strong>the</strong>y were constantly<br />

contriving mischief and troubling his people."<br />

At a meeting <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Firelands at Huron, on<br />

<strong>the</strong> 4th <strong>of</strong> July, 1812, it was resolved unanimously that it was wrong<br />

for <strong>the</strong> township to bear <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> so disreputable a character, and<br />

it Avas referred to Alajor Frederick Falley (who held a contract <strong>of</strong><br />

purchase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township at that time) to find ano<strong>the</strong>r name. He<br />

replied that his mo<strong>the</strong>r, his sister, and several nieces were named<br />

Alargaret, and that <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township should be Alargaretta,<br />

and it Avas accordingly so named.

136 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

There are evidences that an Indian village formerly occupied <strong>the</strong><br />

site <strong>of</strong> Castalia. The forts and mounds that have been discovered indicates<br />

that at some past time Indians made this a general headquarters.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> Hull's surrender a general stampede <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlers took<br />

place, when men left.<strong>the</strong>ir property and fields already planted and fled.<br />

The missionary to <strong>the</strong> Wyandots, Reverend Mr. Badger, Avas mainly<br />

instrumental in keeping <strong>the</strong>se savages from taking sides against us in <strong>the</strong><br />

War <strong>of</strong> 1812. A fort was discovered near Venice by Major Falley,<br />

overgrown with underbrush and timber, but showing a double entrenchment.<br />

It has since been completely obliterated by cultivation, and now<br />

no trace <strong>of</strong> it can be found.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stampede a man named Andrews was putting in<br />

a hundred acres <strong>of</strong> wheat east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> burying ground, when <strong>the</strong> panic<br />

occurred, and after <strong>the</strong> trouble subsided he and some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

came back and harvested <strong>the</strong>ir crops with guns on <strong>the</strong>ir backs. In 1813<br />

<strong>the</strong>re were but three houses in Cold Creek (now Castalia),—Mr. Snow's<br />

on <strong>the</strong> bank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> creek at its source, Mr. Butler's on <strong>the</strong> opposite bank,<br />

twelve or fifteen rods east, and Mr. Putnam's, half a mile down <strong>the</strong> creek<br />

on <strong>the</strong> prairie.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 2nd <strong>of</strong> June, 1813, an Indian massacre created a frightful<br />

consternation in <strong>the</strong> little settlement. During <strong>the</strong> preceding month a<br />

party <strong>of</strong> Indians numbering sixteen, under Pontiac, landed at Pickerel<br />

Creek, on a war excursion, and reconnoitered slyly until <strong>the</strong> right<br />

occasion <strong>of</strong>fered itself, <strong>the</strong>n, when <strong>the</strong> men were engaged in <strong>the</strong> fields<br />

at a good distance from <strong>the</strong> house, and <strong>the</strong> women and children, twelve<br />

in number, were ga<strong>the</strong>red toge<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> house <strong>of</strong> Mrs. Snow, who<br />

was sick at <strong>the</strong> time, <strong>the</strong>y made <strong>the</strong> attack at midday. It was a frightful<br />

affair. The Indians rushed into <strong>the</strong> room, and while one seized<br />

Mrs. Putnam by <strong>the</strong> hair, a second caught hold <strong>of</strong> Mrs. Butler and a<br />

third dragged Airs. Snow from <strong>the</strong> bed, and out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> house. When<br />

<strong>the</strong>y asked <strong>the</strong>se women if <strong>the</strong>y Avould go with <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong>y ansAvered in<br />

<strong>the</strong> affirmative, and were driven away. The children at play were also<br />

seized, and two little boys two years old were killed and scalped. A few<br />

rods fur<strong>the</strong>r on and <strong>the</strong>y found Julia Butler, a girl <strong>of</strong> four years, who<br />

was also murdered. Airs. Snow, unable to keep up with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs,<br />

was horribly butchered. They <strong>the</strong>n plundered <strong>the</strong> houses and premises,<br />

broke all <strong>the</strong> crockery, and making a pack-load <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir booty, forced<br />

Harry Graves to carry it to <strong>the</strong> canoes. It was almost sundown before<br />

<strong>the</strong> men at work kneAv aught that had taken place. They started at once<br />

for Pipe Creek, and in <strong>the</strong> morning AA'ere joined by o<strong>the</strong>rs and followed<br />

<strong>the</strong> trail until <strong>the</strong> dead bodies <strong>of</strong> those murdered were found, but no<br />

traces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indians could be discovered, and <strong>the</strong>y Avere obliged to<br />

return and bury <strong>the</strong>ir dead. These Avere <strong>the</strong> first interments in <strong>the</strong><br />

township.<br />

The Indians took <strong>the</strong>ir captives to Detroit and gave <strong>the</strong>m into <strong>the</strong><br />

hands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British agent, Ironsides, having suffered no violence or<br />

injury, except in being forced to Avalk too fast. They remained in<br />

Detroit until <strong>the</strong> folloAving fall when <strong>the</strong>y were all returned in safety.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 137<br />

During this time <strong>the</strong>ir friends heard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, but could not communicate<br />

with <strong>the</strong>m as Detroit was in <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> British. Six<br />

years after this sad affair <strong>the</strong> Indians again attacked a couple <strong>of</strong> men<br />

who Avere out on a trapping expedition for muskrats. They had lain<br />

doAvn in a temporary hut after collecting a few skins, and Avere murdered<br />

by three straggling Ottawas, two <strong>of</strong> whom were captured and<br />

hanged in 1818.<br />

The township Avas duly organized in 1815 by <strong>the</strong> commissioners <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron County—Alajor Falley, Nathan Cummings and Bildad Adams.<br />

At this time it was connected with Danbury, north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay, but two<br />

years later Danbury obtained a separate organization. The first election<br />

was held <strong>the</strong> same year as its organization.<br />

The following tables give <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original proprietors and<br />

those Avho succeeded to <strong>the</strong>ir titles:<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d.<br />

Isaac Scudder 661 16 0<br />

Job Bartram 976 7 5<br />

John Rich 72 6 0,<br />

Abraham Lockwood .... 2 12 0<br />

Josiah AVentworth . 151 16 0<br />

Nath'l Street 33 12 9<br />

AIARGARETTA, TOWN No. 6, RANGE 24<br />

Classification No. 1, Section 1.<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Classified by £ s. d.<br />

J e s s u p Wakeman and<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr... 330 18 0<br />

J e s s u p Wakeman and<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr... 976 7 5<br />

His heirs 7 OVJ<br />

Jessup Wakeman and<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr.. 2 12 0<br />

Nath'l Raymond, Jr.... 1 10 9%<br />

Sam'l Middlebrook 32 11 9%<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 1 1,344 0<br />

Classification No. 2, Section 2<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees<br />

Classified by<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr., Edward<br />

Jessup and Jes­<br />

£ s. d.<br />

Hezekiah Hanford 328 3 8 sup Wakeman<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr., Edward<br />

Jessup and Jes­<br />

328 3 8<br />

James Fitch, Jr 343 8 6<br />

sup Wakeman<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr., Edward<br />

Jessup and Jes­<br />

343 8 6<br />

Isaiah Marvin 158 10 0<br />

sup A\<br />

Col. Stephen St. John... 713 6 7<br />

Asa Hoyt 381 17 0<br />

Ebenezer LockAvood 82<br />

r akeman<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr., Edward<br />

Jessup and Jes­<br />

100 0 0<br />

sup Wakeman<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr., Edward<br />

Jessup and Jes­<br />

142 13<br />

sup AA r akeman<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr., Ed-<br />

Avard Jessup and Jes­<br />

381 17<br />

sup AA r 3VJ<br />

0<br />

akeman 48 4 6%<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 2 1,344 7 0

138 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Classification No, . 3, Section 3<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by<br />

£ s. d.<br />

Ebenezer Lockwood .... 82 2 2<br />

Thomas Fitch 387 14 5M><br />

This whole class is<br />

classed by Jessup<br />

33 17 li/2<br />

77 10 10%<br />

Thos. Fitch's heirs 415 3 0 Wakeman, Ebenezer 31 12 6 i/a<br />

Hannah Fitch's heirs... 141 2<br />

Stephen and Hooker St.<br />

7 Jessup, Jr., and Edward<br />

Jessup, say Jes­<br />

10 14 11%<br />

4 0 0<br />

John 30 1 6 sup Wakeman one-half 21 3 0<br />

John Rich<br />

Joseph Beers<br />

21 3<br />

90 17<br />

0<br />

0<br />

and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r half by 11<br />

Ebenezer Jessup, Jr., 68<br />

1 10'/a<br />

7 0<br />

Widow Eunice Morehouse 68 7 0 and Edward Jessup... 6 11 6<br />

Gruman Morehouse .... 6 11 6<br />

Solomon Sturges 319 3 9<br />

279 5 9<br />

Jos. Sturges' heirs 339 15 2<br />

<strong>20</strong>3 7 3<br />

Ebenezer Bnlkley 7 2<br />

. , 7 2<br />

John Hicklin <strong>20</strong> 8 9<br />

<strong>20</strong> 8 9<br />

Daniel Jennings 32 2 1<br />

32 2 1<br />

Jesse Morehouse 16 6 2<br />

16 6 2<br />

Hannah Morehouse 33 18 8<br />

33 18 8<br />

Joseph AVakeman 4 0 0<br />

4 0 0<br />

Francis Bradley, 3d 2 10, 6<br />

2 10 6<br />

Cornelius Stratten 1 5 3<br />

1 5 3<br />

William Thorp 3 0 0<br />

3 0 0<br />

Ruth Burr 3 19 6<br />

3 19 6<br />

Hezekiah Sturges 532 8 3<br />

15 13 5VL.<br />

David Jennings<br />

House <strong>of</strong> Peter Bulkley<br />

27 18 10<br />

13 11 4<br />

and Jos. Sturges 91 0 0<br />

91 0 0<br />

Ebenezer Morehouse 83 8 3<br />

83 8 3<br />

Jeremiah Jennings 196 12 11<br />

196 12 11<br />

Francis Forgue 151 16 0<br />

78 0 0<br />

Footing <strong>of</strong> Classification No. 3 1,344 7 0<br />

Classification No. 4, Section 4<br />

Am't Loss<br />

Am't Classed<br />

Original Grantees £ s. d. Classified by £ s. d.<br />

Abigail AVynkoop 59 13 0 Jessup Wakeman 38 19 5<br />

Hezekiah Sturges<br />

Andrew Wakeman<br />

583<br />

<strong>20</strong>7<br />

8<br />

14<br />

3<br />

2<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

Jessup Wakeman<br />

118 6 3'/2<br />

<strong>20</strong>7 14 2<br />

Isaac Jennings 281 1 4 Jessup Wakeman 281 1 4<br />

Ebenezer Bartram 144 10 3 Jessup Wakeman 72 17 8

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 139<br />

was sold to R. H. HeyAvood and <strong>the</strong> late John 0. Camp at $1 per acre.<br />

At this time <strong>the</strong>re was but a small portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township under cultivation.<br />

It was generally supposed that <strong>the</strong> oak openings were worthless,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> land between that and <strong>the</strong> bay too wet for cultivation. A few<br />

opening lots had been sold <strong>the</strong> year before by Mr. Jessup and small<br />

improvements begun, but Calvin Smith, who knew <strong>the</strong>ir value as wheat<br />

land, bought two lots at $2.50 per acre, put in a large crop <strong>of</strong> wheat and<br />

<strong>the</strong> result Avas surprising to many and gave <strong>the</strong> land value.<br />

Docartus P. Snow, <strong>of</strong> Vermont, in 1810 felled <strong>the</strong> first tree and built<br />

<strong>the</strong> first log house. It is said that <strong>the</strong> proprietors donated to him 100<br />

acres <strong>of</strong> land in consideration <strong>of</strong> his building a grist mill on Cold Creek.<br />

He died in 1829. His widow 1 '(his second wife) married Philip S. Cowell.<br />

Uziel Putnam came in 1810 or 1811 from New York. In 1821 he moved<br />

to Sandusky County and was killed by being thrown from a sleigh in<br />

1822. James Vanness settled here in 1814, coming from New York. He<br />

left in 1830 and died in Fremont about 1849. Ebenezer Hartwell came<br />

from Canada in June, 1815. He died about 1850. Andrus Parker came<br />

from Gonneaut, Pennsylvania, in 1815. He returned to Pennsylvania in<br />

1828. Philip Sutton settled on <strong>the</strong> northwest corner lot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township<br />

about 1821. Peter Dunham settled on lot 2, section 2, in 1816, and<br />

died in 1830. Dougal Campbell located on lot 13, first section, in 1816,<br />

and died in 1852. Harvey Fowler settled on lot 24, in .section 1, in <strong>the</strong><br />

fall <strong>of</strong> 1818 and resided <strong>the</strong>re until his death, February 18, 1875. Ira<br />

Barnes came here in 1818. Henry Cole came in 1815 and died in 1830.<br />

Thomas McColough came in 1817 and died in 1850. A. M. Porter came<br />

in 1817 and died in Sandusky. Samuel Walker came in 1816 and died<br />

in 1831. Pliny Brown located on lot 7, in section 2, and lived <strong>the</strong>re all<br />

his life; he died in December, 1860. Richard Falley settled here in 1818<br />

and died in 1835. John CoAvell located in <strong>the</strong> northwestern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

township in 1818 and lived <strong>the</strong>re till his death in 1871. Philip S.<br />

Cowell came about 18<strong>20</strong>, located at Castalia and died <strong>the</strong>re in 1869.<br />

Quite a number <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs came here in <strong>the</strong> early days and only stayed<br />

a short time. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m left on account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812, never<br />

to return. Among <strong>the</strong> early settlers <strong>the</strong> following took part in <strong>the</strong> Revolutionary<br />

war and <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812:<br />

Maj. Frederick Falley, when but eleven years old, accompanied his<br />

fa<strong>the</strong>r as fifer in <strong>the</strong> company <strong>of</strong> which his fa<strong>the</strong>r was captain, and Avas<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Battle <strong>of</strong> Bunker Hill. After Washington came into <strong>the</strong> command<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> army he returned home with his fa<strong>the</strong>r, who was employed by <strong>the</strong><br />

Government in <strong>the</strong> manufacture <strong>of</strong> firearms during <strong>the</strong> war. He died in<br />

Margaretta, July 3, 1828, aged sixty-four.<br />

Samuel DreAV, ano<strong>the</strong>r Revolutionary soldier, came here about 18<strong>20</strong><br />

and resided here several years. Capt. Andrus Parker was in <strong>the</strong> army<br />

at <strong>the</strong> taking <strong>of</strong> Burgoyne.<br />

Thomas Caswell served in <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812, on <strong>the</strong> New York frontier,<br />

and died here in 1853. Henry Jones served one campaign, in <strong>the</strong> State<br />

<strong>of</strong> NeAV York.

140^ HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

John L. Wilner, who was an early resident here, was in <strong>the</strong> army at<br />

Fort Meigs in <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812.<br />

Elihu Parker served eighteen months about <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong><br />

1812.<br />

The first grist mill was built on Cold Creek in 1810 by D. P. Snow.<br />

It was built <strong>of</strong> logs, and <strong>the</strong> stones Avere brought from <strong>the</strong> quarries or<br />

rocks near by. Lewis Ensign, a citizen <strong>of</strong> Groton, did <strong>the</strong> work on<br />

<strong>the</strong>m. This mill ground from ten to fifteen bushels <strong>of</strong> grain in<br />

twenty-four hours. It was only used two years, and in 1819 <strong>the</strong>re was<br />

a mill built three-quarters <strong>of</strong> a mile from <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stream by<br />

Joshua Pettingill which had a scmv-wheel and ground <strong>the</strong> most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

grinding for <strong>the</strong> entire Firelands for many years.<br />

In 1811 Major Falley raised <strong>the</strong> frame <strong>of</strong> a sawmill Avhere <strong>the</strong> Venice<br />

mill-race is now, but <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812 coming on <strong>the</strong> mill was left unfinished,<br />

and in 1815 it was purchased by Eli Hunt, AVIIO put a sawmill<br />

in operation, with a run <strong>of</strong> stone in one corner and an apparatus for<br />

bolting. This was <strong>the</strong> first sawmill in <strong>the</strong> western part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Firelands,<br />

and from it <strong>the</strong> first lumber was procured.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> same time that Alajor Falley began his mill a tannery was<br />

started near <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Venice mills. Two years later, in 1813,<br />

he removed to <strong>the</strong> tannery built by Alajor Falley, at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> Cold<br />

Creek, and this industry became one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important to <strong>the</strong> early<br />

settlers, who were thus supplied with an article <strong>of</strong> importance.<br />

Mrs. Gertrude M. Chapman says:<br />

"I am 84 years <strong>of</strong> age, and have lived all my life in Erie County.<br />

My fa<strong>the</strong>r, William AlcCartney, came here when <strong>the</strong>re was only one<br />

log hut in Sandusky. At one time he owned 1,800 acres <strong>of</strong> land near<br />

Venice. The pier at Venice <strong>the</strong>n extended out into <strong>the</strong> bay a mile and a<br />

quarter. The Major Jack Downing was <strong>the</strong> first steamboat that came to<br />

Venice. They could not come any nearer because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shallowness <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> water. I was a little girl about ten years old when <strong>the</strong> dock was<br />

built. There was a large flour mill at Venice <strong>the</strong>n owned by Mr. Heywopd<br />

and he had three hundred men at one time making flour barrels.<br />

We lived in <strong>the</strong> marsh near Venice when I was a little girl. I was in<br />

Sandusky during <strong>the</strong> Cholera but do not remember any facts. Aly first.<br />

remembrance <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Avas when I was about ten years old. The<br />

Townsend House was <strong>the</strong> largest Hotel and Venice <strong>the</strong>n had much more<br />

business than Sandusky. There Avas not much in Sandusky but Indians<br />

<strong>the</strong>n. They Avere Ogontz Indians. In <strong>the</strong> year 1849 a young woman<br />

came to my mo<strong>the</strong>r's hou|e Avith cholera from Detroit and she and five<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs died <strong>of</strong> cholera. I kneAv many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people buried in <strong>the</strong> old<br />

Sandusky cemetery. They Avere many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> aristocracy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

town. They Avere buried in c<strong>of</strong>fins made <strong>of</strong> rough boards. Aly bro<strong>the</strong>r,<br />

who died <strong>of</strong> cholera, had a c<strong>of</strong>fin <strong>of</strong> planed boards. The people died<br />

like sheep. The c<strong>of</strong>fins Avere piled up in <strong>the</strong> cemetery like cordwood.<br />

I have seen thirty or forty unburied at one time. You could not buy<br />

even a loaf <strong>of</strong> bread <strong>the</strong>n in Sandusky. All south <strong>of</strong> Jefferson street<br />

was hazel bushes. The Catholic church on Tiffin Avenue Avas <strong>the</strong> AA'est

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 141<br />

limit. There Avere very few Germans here <strong>the</strong>n. When I first knew<br />

Castalia it did not have a dozen houses. This Avas when I was about<br />

ten years old. There was a store kept by a man named Barnum. The<br />

Congregational church Avas built in 1850. There were three or four<br />

houses at Venice. Jessup named Venice and Castalia. The decline <strong>of</strong><br />

Venice Avas due to <strong>the</strong> shallowness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water which prevented large<br />

vessels coming <strong>the</strong>re. There Avas no disease that had anything to do<br />

Avith it though <strong>the</strong> whole country had plenty <strong>of</strong> fever and ague."<br />

Three years later Daniel Alack built a saAvmill near <strong>the</strong> mill that had<br />

been owned by Snow, and in <strong>the</strong> corner AAHS a run <strong>of</strong> stone for grinding.<br />

In 1824 he built a good grist mill with tAA'o runs <strong>of</strong> stone, and this<br />

subsequently passed into <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> a German named AVeber in 1827.<br />

Mr. Alack had long years <strong>of</strong> litigation over certain mill rights with Pettingill<br />

and o<strong>the</strong>rs, because <strong>of</strong> damages done <strong>the</strong>m by floAving <strong>the</strong> back<br />

THE BLUE HOLE<br />

water upon <strong>the</strong>m. This was only ended in 1832 by transfer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire<br />

property and 510 acres <strong>of</strong> land to Burr Higgins. This gave him entire<br />

control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water power, and he at once began to improve his mill<br />

for custom work. This was <strong>the</strong> coldest year ever known in this latitude, -<br />

and every stream Avas frozen except Cold Creek. Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Michigan,<br />

as well as Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio, were dependent for grinding on this single<br />

stream. In 1835 Higgins sold his entire interest to Davidson, Hadley<br />

&Co.<br />

The first flouring mill in Venice was commenced in 1832 and finished<br />

in 1833, with three runs <strong>of</strong> French burrs for merchants and three runs<br />

for custom work. The completion <strong>of</strong> this mill established <strong>the</strong> first permanent<br />

cash market for Avheat on <strong>the</strong> Firelands.<br />

The second mill, IV2 miles Avest <strong>of</strong> south <strong>of</strong> Venice, was begun in<br />

1839, but not finished until 1841. It had eight runs <strong>of</strong> stone and cost<br />

$50,000. This was built <strong>of</strong> timber and Avas destroyed by fire in 1848.

142 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Four years after ano<strong>the</strong>r mill <strong>of</strong> brick and stone with six runs <strong>of</strong> stone<br />

Avas erected on <strong>the</strong> same site. The capacity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tAvo mills was sufficient<br />

to make 75,000 barrels <strong>of</strong> flour during <strong>the</strong> season <strong>of</strong> navigation. The<br />

old mill at Venice, with Cold Creek and 500 acres <strong>of</strong> land, had been<br />

purchased by Russell II. Ileywood, <strong>of</strong> Buffalo, NeAV York, in 1831, <strong>the</strong><br />

year before <strong>the</strong> cold Avinter. At that time, 1833, 1,000 barrels <strong>of</strong> flour<br />

Avere made before harvest. The first hundred barrels <strong>of</strong> flour in <strong>the</strong><br />

merchant Avork Avas packed in neAV barrels painted Avith China Vermillion,<br />

taken on a new scow to a new ship, carried to Buffalo and sent by a<br />

neAV canal boat to NeAV York, Avhere it arrived as clean as Avhen it left<br />

<strong>the</strong> mill. It was considered a great curiosity, and croAvds <strong>of</strong> people<br />

visited <strong>the</strong> dock to see <strong>the</strong> first shipment <strong>of</strong> flour from Ohio, and some<br />

Avere so enthusiastic as to predict that Ohio might sometime furnish<br />

several thousand barrels a year. This flour Avas bought by 100 persons<br />

at prices quite in advance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best Genesee flour. That year Avas a<br />

memorable one, because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early harvest and <strong>the</strong> drought that extended<br />

over <strong>the</strong> HCAV country, forcing people to carry <strong>the</strong>ir grist a hundred<br />

miles. An instance is related <strong>of</strong> two men from Hancock County AVIIO<br />

left home Monday morning and reached Venice <strong>the</strong> folloAving Sunday,<br />

just in time to attend religious service in <strong>the</strong> mill. Air. HeyAvood noticed<br />

<strong>the</strong> dusty travelers who took part in <strong>the</strong> services, and after <strong>the</strong>y were over<br />

entered into conversation with <strong>the</strong> strangers and discovered that <strong>the</strong>y<br />

were in urgent need <strong>of</strong> flour. They had left behind <strong>the</strong>m sick families,<br />

utterly destitute, and had journeyed all <strong>the</strong> week to find a mill that could<br />

grind. They had fifteen bushels <strong>of</strong> Avheat each. Mr. Ileywood turned<br />

to <strong>the</strong> minister and said, "What shall I do?" He replied, "Grind it for<br />

<strong>the</strong>m as soon as possible." For three weeks, so great was <strong>the</strong> demand<br />

upon him that he could not shut down his mills on Sundays, which AA'as<br />

always his custom.<br />

Much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flour made in Ohio before 1840 Avas sent Avest for market.<br />

In 1836 Oliver Newbury purchased 500 barrels <strong>of</strong> flour at $8 per barrel<br />

and took it to Chicago and sold it for $<strong>20</strong> per barrel; and <strong>the</strong> citizens<br />

held a public meeting and thanked him for not charging $50. It \vas all<br />

<strong>the</strong> flour <strong>the</strong>y had for <strong>the</strong> winter.<br />

Until <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alad River & Lake Erie Railroad to<br />

Tiffin <strong>the</strong> wheat Avas brought in large AA'agons, and over such Avretched<br />

roads and at such great distances as to bring but little pr<strong>of</strong>it to <strong>the</strong><br />

OAvners. In one case a man came 150 miles with a four-horse team and<br />

tAvelve bushels <strong>of</strong> AA'heat. AVhen he sold his Avheat he took his $9 and<br />

Avent to <strong>the</strong> store, talking to himself thus: ''My wheat Avas worth nothing<br />

at home. If I had lived decently eoming here I should have spent it;<br />

if I live decently going home I shall spend it; but I must have money<br />

to pay my taxes and buy a barrel <strong>of</strong> salt." Then turning to <strong>the</strong> boy<br />

at <strong>the</strong> store, he asked, "What is <strong>the</strong> price <strong>of</strong> this sheeting?" The boy<br />

replied "Sixpence." He <strong>the</strong>n continued, "Yes, my Avheat was Avorth<br />

something. I could^have got a yard <strong>of</strong> cloth like that for a bushel at<br />

home."<br />

Russell Heywood operated <strong>the</strong>se mills forty-eight years. In 1848-49

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 143<br />

a cotton factory was built at Castalia. In 1864 John Hoyt bought <strong>the</strong><br />

mill property and organized a stock company for <strong>the</strong> manufacture <strong>of</strong><br />

paper under <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Castalia Paper Company, with Air. Hoyt<br />

as manager and chief stockholder.. He moved <strong>the</strong>* old cotton factory<br />

down to <strong>the</strong> flouring mill and built some additions, and in about a year<br />

had in operation a first-class paper mill. It had a capacity <strong>of</strong> a ton<br />

a day and was run day and night until it was burned in 1874.<br />

The following year, 1875, <strong>the</strong> water poAver Avas bought for $8,000 by<br />

some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leading men in Margaretta, viz.: C. Caswell, J. B. Witter,<br />

J. G. Snowden, E. D. AVhite, S. H. Rogers, Philip Erbe, T. C. Adams<br />

and J. D. Chamberlain. They incorporated <strong>the</strong> Castalia Milling Company<br />

and proceeded to build a first-class flouring mill. The building<br />

was a substantial frame, built on <strong>the</strong> foundation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old stone mill,'<br />

three stories high, besides basement and attic. This^mill had a capacity<br />

<strong>of</strong> 125 barrels <strong>of</strong> flour per day. They kept it running night and day<br />

and could not fill <strong>the</strong>ir orders even <strong>the</strong>n. An elevator was also built,<br />

capable <strong>of</strong> storing <strong>20</strong>,000 bushels <strong>of</strong> wheat, with all modern appliances<br />

for convenience in handling grain. This mill was afterwards moved<br />

about eighty rods west and run by steam. The stream was converted<br />

into a trout stream belonging to <strong>the</strong> clubs.<br />

The mill at Venice, owned by Dwelle & Williams, was burned in 188b,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> Avater privileges were <strong>the</strong>n sold.<br />

Distilleries began to appear as o<strong>the</strong>r manufacturing •establishments<br />

multiplied, and in 1823 Dr. B. L. Carpenter, at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> Cold Creek,<br />

erected a small distillery. His bro<strong>the</strong>r, S. C. Carpenter, assisted him.<br />

It afterwards was owned by Chapman & Andrews, <strong>of</strong> Bellevue, and from<br />

<strong>the</strong>m passed into <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> Japan Johnson. It Avas abandoned m<br />

1830 There had been ano<strong>the</strong>r distillery built at Venice in 1824 by one<br />

William Alason, <strong>of</strong> Milan. It was in operation eight years. After a few<br />

years it was again started by David Barber. It was also abandoned.<br />

Numerous saloons have also been doing a thriving business from an<br />

early day. . .<br />

About <strong>the</strong> year 1832 a temperance society was organized at a meeting<br />

which was addressed by Revs. E. Conger and L. B. Burley. About<br />

fifteen signed <strong>the</strong> pledge. Since <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>re have been several o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

temperance organizations, one in 1859 and two o<strong>the</strong>rs since. They have<br />

done much good, and <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township have<br />

become friends <strong>of</strong> temperance. .<br />

The first religious organization in Margaretta was a Methodist class in<br />

Muscash, in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast corner. .(The name Aluscash is said to be <strong>of</strong><br />

Indian derivation, and arose from <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> tribes brought <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

skins here for barter, and not being able to speak English, and wanting<br />

monev instead <strong>of</strong> produce, insisted on "Aluscash" or must cash.)<br />

It is not. known who preached <strong>the</strong> first sermon. In 1819 a Presbyterian<br />

Church was organized in Margaretta and Groton by Rev. John<br />

Seward. Its members moved away and <strong>the</strong> organizatioiidk|d^-IirT82.1<br />

a Baptist Church was started, having its menube^hrOxford, Groton<br />

and Margaretta. This was <strong>the</strong> only church <strong>the</strong>Tlustained regular services

144 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

in <strong>the</strong> township for several years. Deacon R. Falley was <strong>the</strong> most<br />

prominent member, and OAving to his efforts it Avas kept alive through<br />

those early years. In 1835 a Congregational Church Avas organized by<br />

Rev. Hirain Smith, from Westfield, Alassachusetts, who secured <strong>the</strong> love<br />

and respect <strong>of</strong> his parish and remained with <strong>the</strong>m until 1865. The<br />

members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Baptist Church, having become scattered, and Deacon<br />

Falley's health failing, <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Baptist Church still remaining<br />

Avere identified with <strong>the</strong> HCAV enterprise and became members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Congregational Church. TAVO years after <strong>the</strong> Congregational Church,<br />

in 1850, <strong>the</strong> Methodists built a frame church at Castalia, which flourished<br />

for a time, but has held no services since 1860. It was aftenvard sold<br />

for o<strong>the</strong>r purposes. Castalia Uniyersalist Church was organized by Rev.<br />

George R. Brown, October 12, 1862. , Five years later a $4,000 building<br />

Avas erected on land donated by William Graves. Mr. BI-OAVH continued<br />

pastor until his death.<br />

The Church <strong>of</strong> Our Redeemer, at Venice, AA'as organized by an election<br />

<strong>of</strong> Avardens and vestrymen in June, 1866. In July <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year<br />

Rev. Charles Ogden Avas invited to take charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parish, and on <strong>the</strong><br />

17th <strong>the</strong> ground Avas broken for <strong>the</strong> building. The corner stone was laid<br />

by Rev. Charles Ogden, August 21, 1866. The parish Avas incorporated<br />

on <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>of</strong> October and admitted in <strong>the</strong> union Avith <strong>the</strong> Diocese <strong>of</strong><br />

Ohio, It Avas consecrated June 3, 1867, by <strong>the</strong> Right Reverend Bishop<br />

Mcllvane. The church Avas erected by Russell H. Heywood as a memorial<br />

to <strong>the</strong> departed members <strong>of</strong> his own family at a cost <strong>of</strong> $12,000. It was<br />

deeded to <strong>the</strong> wardens and vestry on <strong>the</strong> day <strong>of</strong> its consecration, in connection<br />

with a glebe <strong>of</strong> fifteen acres. It has had <strong>the</strong> following clergymen<br />

in charge: Rev. Charles Ogden, from 1866 until 1868; Rev. George S.<br />

Chase, from September, 1867, until November, 1868; Rev. George Bosley,<br />

from October, 1874, until 1876. Services were held, ei<strong>the</strong>r by clergymen<br />

or lay readers, until 1878. It is noAV under <strong>the</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> Grace Church,<br />

Sandusky.<br />

The first marriage in <strong>the</strong> township was that <strong>of</strong> Charles Butler and<br />

Clarissa Parker, 1816. The first mail from Sandusky City to Lower<br />

Sandusky was carried on horseback and established in 1825. It Avas<br />

taken once a week. The first postmaster <strong>of</strong> Margaretta was Samuel B.<br />

Carpenter. In 1810 Cleveland was <strong>the</strong> nearest post<strong>of</strong>fice. The first store<br />

was started by Maj. Fred Falley for trading with <strong>the</strong> Indians. He<br />

afterward Avent into <strong>the</strong> service <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Government to furnish army<br />

supplies.<br />

The first schoolhouse AA'as built <strong>of</strong> logs, at <strong>the</strong> junction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Venice<br />

and Cold Creek roads, in 1818, by Capt. A. Parker and some neighbors.<br />

The first teacher was Thomas McCullough, Avho received $15 a month,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> first winter had tAventy-five pupils. The teacher was paid by <strong>the</strong><br />

subscription <strong>of</strong> those Avho patronized <strong>the</strong> school. After that Rev. Alvin<br />

Coe, who had been teaching Indian children in Greenfield, moved his<br />

school to Venice and taught all <strong>the</strong> children in <strong>the</strong> vicinity. A few <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> early district school teachers Avho are considered Avorthy <strong>of</strong> mention

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 145<br />

are, A. W. O 'Brien, <strong>of</strong> Maine; Jonathan Fuller, James F. Wilson and<br />

John W. Falley.<br />

The first physician was Doctor Hartshorn, who settled here in 1817.<br />

Alargaretta Grange, No. 488, P. <strong>of</strong> H., was organized January 30,<br />

1873, with twenty-seven charter members.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1870 John Hoyt, proprietor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Castalia Paper Mills<br />

(since burned), conceived <strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong> trying a few thousand eggs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

brook trout and proceeded to make troughs for hatching <strong>the</strong>m. A severe<br />

thunder storm killed <strong>the</strong> trout, and in his second attempt he was equally<br />

unsuccessful for <strong>the</strong> brood <strong>of</strong> spawn is said to have been poisoned by <strong>the</strong><br />

keeper. The third were turned loose in <strong>the</strong> pond and multiplied and <strong>the</strong><br />

venture was a success. In May, 1878, a statute was passed by <strong>the</strong> State<br />

<strong>of</strong> Ohio to incorporate a company which should be known as <strong>the</strong> Cold<br />

Creek Trout Club, for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> fishing, hunting and pleasuring, <strong>of</strong><br />

propagating fish and protecting game on lands leased from <strong>the</strong> Castalia<br />

Milling Company. The capital stock <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company was $1,275, divided<br />

into eighty-five shares <strong>of</strong> $15 a share. When <strong>the</strong> club was organized <strong>the</strong>re<br />

were seventy-four members.<br />

The incorporators Avere J. Atwater, B. F. Ferris, R. F. Fowler, B. H.<br />

Rogers and D. S. Worthington. This company leased <strong>the</strong> property for<br />

tAventy years for $50 per year, having use and right to <strong>the</strong> headwaters,<br />

and including branches and tail race for tAvo miles. In 1883 <strong>the</strong>y built<br />

a house, and in 1887 bought <strong>the</strong> property with buildings and forty<br />

acres <strong>of</strong> land for $<strong>20</strong>,000. In 1887 <strong>the</strong> name was changed to that <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Cold Creek Sporting Club. The old mill was moved away, and a<br />

new race dug at a cost <strong>of</strong> $2,000 or $3,000.<br />

The Castalia Sporting Club AA'as organized September 18, 1878, and<br />

leased <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> waters for twenty years for $300 a year. There<br />

Avere five incorporators: Kelly Bolton, F. H. Mason, Lee McBride,<br />

Fayette Brown, and II. L. Terrill, with Air. Brown as president, and<br />

Air. AlcBride as secretary and treasurer. Mr. Mason was editor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Cleveland Leader and United States consul at Geneva. In 1882 <strong>the</strong>y<br />

built a clubhouse which cost <strong>the</strong>m nearly $2,000, and March 10, 1888,<br />

<strong>the</strong>y bought <strong>of</strong> Alessrs. DAvelle and Williams <strong>the</strong> right to <strong>the</strong> lower waters<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stream, extending four miles to <strong>the</strong> bay, and embracing on ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stream thirteen rods. For this <strong>the</strong>y paid $24,000.<br />

CASTALIA SPRINGS<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>of</strong> September, 1760, Maj. Robert Rogers <strong>of</strong> NeAV Hampshire<br />

left Alontreal with instruction to proceed west and capture <strong>the</strong><br />

western forts held by <strong>the</strong> French and Indians. On <strong>the</strong> 4th <strong>of</strong> November<br />

Major Rogers left Presque Isle, Erie, Pennsylvaniay Avith a fleet pf<br />

fifteen Avhale boats. He coasted along <strong>the</strong> south shore <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie<br />

and put into <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> Geauga, where he ran against Pontiac, at that<br />

time chief <strong>of</strong> a large body <strong>of</strong> Indians. After some delay Pontiac opened<br />

<strong>the</strong> way and escorted <strong>the</strong> party to Detroit. After securing <strong>the</strong> post at<br />

Detroit, Rogers returned by land by way <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky and Tus-<br />

Vnt. I—10

146 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

carawas trail to Fort Pitt and arrived in Philadelphia <strong>the</strong> 14th <strong>of</strong> February,<br />

1761. The trail passed <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> Cold Creek and he remarks<br />

in his autobiography: '' There is a remarkable spring at this place rising<br />

out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> a small hill with such force that it boils out <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> ground in a column three feet high. I imagine it discharges ten<br />

hogsheads <strong>of</strong> water a minute."<br />

The Western Intelligencer and Gazette, published at Columbus in<br />

1817, speaks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> now insignificant A'illage <strong>of</strong> Venice as a thriving<br />

place, made important by Big Cold Creek. The pioneer miller <strong>of</strong> Big<br />

Cold Creek was Dorcatus SnoAV, AVIIO Avas killed by <strong>the</strong> Indians in 1814.<br />

The damaging <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> creek and <strong>the</strong> back pressure caused <strong>the</strong>reby resulted<br />

in <strong>the</strong> breaking out <strong>of</strong> a neAV spring some time after 18<strong>20</strong>. This spring<br />

is <strong>the</strong> Blue Hole, which discharges 5,000 gallons <strong>of</strong> cold Avater every<br />

minute. The spring is about 75 feet in diameter and 45 feet deep and<br />

<strong>the</strong> water is blue in color and very clear. The upper springs discharge<br />

<strong>20</strong>,000 gallons <strong>of</strong> water a minute into <strong>the</strong> trout streams.<br />

Trout are not indigenous to <strong>the</strong> stream but <strong>the</strong> first eggs obtained in<br />

<strong>the</strong> East in 1868 were hatched in a trough, and <strong>the</strong> fry planted in a<br />

penned <strong>of</strong>f portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stream. This AA'as done by a Castalia miller<br />

at <strong>the</strong> suggestion <strong>of</strong> Dr. E., Sterling <strong>of</strong> Cleveland. The fish multiplied<br />

and when <strong>the</strong>ir enclosure broke <strong>the</strong> creek was stocked Avith <strong>the</strong> blue<br />

speckled trout <strong>of</strong> North America. Every year for many years <strong>the</strong> club's<br />

preserve keeper, Andrew Englert, superintends <strong>the</strong> hatching <strong>of</strong> 400,000<br />

to 800,000 fry, hatching 90 per cent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eggs taken.<br />

The stream was used indiscriminately until <strong>the</strong> Cold Creek Trout<br />

Club Company was incorporated in 1879 by Cleveland fishermen, with a<br />

capital stock <strong>of</strong> $1,275, divided into eighty-five shares <strong>of</strong> $15 each. The<br />

stock was later increased to $30,000 and <strong>the</strong> name changed^to' Castalia<br />

Trout Club Company, which purchased all <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> milling<br />

company. A channel twenty feet Avide called <strong>the</strong> Blue Channel Avas<br />

drained through <strong>the</strong> loAver pond, and in 1889 a 65-acre tract adjoining<br />

<strong>the</strong> club property Avas purchased. A competent engineer Avas<br />

employed and <strong>the</strong> crookcdest trout stream in <strong>the</strong> Avorld Avas laid out by<br />

him, Avith <strong>the</strong> result that on <strong>the</strong> club's 104 acres <strong>of</strong> land <strong>the</strong>re are six<br />

miles <strong>of</strong> stream, across AA'hich plank bridges have been throAvn at convenient<br />

points, so that from any part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> preserve one may Avalk in<br />

a straight line to <strong>the</strong> club house. The property represents an investment<br />

<strong>of</strong> $50,000.<br />

A register <strong>of</strong> all fish is kept at <strong>the</strong> club house. During some seasons<br />

about 6,000 trout have been taken, <strong>the</strong> average Aveight being tAvo pounds.<br />

German broAvn trout weighing more than eight pounds have been caught,<br />

but are no longer propagated artificially. The season extends from<br />

Alarch 15 to September 15, but each member can only fish tAventy-six<br />

days but cannot take from <strong>the</strong> stream more than ten pounds a day. The<br />

club has never had but tAvo presidents, Jeremiah AtAvater <strong>of</strong> Castalia and<br />

John C. Zollinger <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. The Castalia Sporting Club and <strong>the</strong><br />

RockAvell Springs Club also have trout streams in <strong>the</strong> vicinity.<br />

In collecting material for his Avork on <strong>the</strong> "AVar <strong>of</strong> 1812" Benson

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 147<br />

J. Lossing visited Sandusky on September 24, 1860, and thus describes<br />

his visit to that city and Castalia:<br />

'' It was a s<strong>of</strong>t hazy half sunny day late in September Avhen I visited<br />

<strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> Fort Stephenson and <strong>the</strong> places <strong>of</strong> events that had made it<br />

famous. I had come up'by Railway from pleasant Sandusky City Avhere<br />

I had spent two or three days with friends, vainly endeavoring to visit<br />

Put-in Bay Avhere Perry's fleet rendezvoused before <strong>the</strong> battle that gave<br />

him victory and immortality. The excursion steamboat to that and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r places had been withdrawn for <strong>the</strong> season and <strong>the</strong> wind was too<br />

high to make a voyage <strong>the</strong>re in a sailboat ei<strong>the</strong>r safe or pleasant. I Avas<br />

less disappointed than I should have been by <strong>the</strong> discovery that an artist<br />

(Miss C. L. Ransom) <strong>the</strong>n in Sandusky City had made careful draAvings<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> historical points about Put-in Bay. I had <strong>the</strong> pleasure <strong>of</strong> meeting<br />

her and availing myself <strong>of</strong> her courteous permission to copy such <strong>of</strong> her<br />

draAvings as I desired. Of <strong>the</strong>se more will be said when giving an<br />

account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> naval battle near <strong>the</strong>re. '<br />

"In company with Mr. Barney, with whom I was staying, I visited<br />

<strong>the</strong> famous Castalian Springs at <strong>the</strong> village <strong>of</strong> Castalia five or six miles<br />

from Sandusky City. They flow up from subterranean fountains, almost<br />

as limpid as air, and in volume so great that along <strong>the</strong> outlet that is<br />

called Cold Creek, in its course <strong>of</strong> three miles through a beautiful prairie<br />

<strong>of</strong> three thousand acres to Sandusky Bay no less than fourteen sets <strong>of</strong><br />

mill stones were kept in motion by it. In a rough scow we hovered over<br />

<strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spring and peering down into its clear mysterious<br />

depths saw logs and plants and earth in grotto form made iridiscent by<br />

<strong>the</strong> light in <strong>the</strong> aqueous prism. The Castalia Springs are great natural<br />

curiosities and are much visited. There are two knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> upper and<br />

loAA'er. They are about one quarter <strong>of</strong> a mile apart and are connected<br />

by a race. At <strong>the</strong> lower one where Cochrane & Weston had a flouring<br />

mill a dike had been raised to give more fall to <strong>the</strong> water. The two<br />

springs are <strong>of</strong> about equal dimensions. That <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> loAver one which I<br />

visited is about sixty feet in depth. The„ water is so limpid that a white<br />

object an inch in diameter can be seen lying on <strong>the</strong> bottom. The temperature<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water is about forty degrees Fahrenheit and holds in<br />

solution lime, soda, magnesia and iron. It "petrifies everything Avith which<br />

it comes in contact. This process makes <strong>the</strong> mill wheels indestructible.<br />

About a mile and a half from <strong>the</strong> Springs is a limestone ridge covered<br />

Avith alluvium. From beneath this <strong>the</strong> Springs appear to How and are<br />

doubtless <strong>the</strong> first appearanee on earth <strong>of</strong> a .little subterraneous river<br />

like <strong>the</strong> Eutaw in South Carolina. , We intended to visit <strong>the</strong> someAvhat<br />

marvelous cave about tAvo miles from <strong>the</strong> Springs but <strong>the</strong> day Avas too<br />

far spent Avhen I completed my sketch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fountains to alloAv me to<br />

do so. We returned to <strong>the</strong> tOAvn by <strong>the</strong> Avay <strong>of</strong> Mr. Barney's fine vineyard<br />

and arrived at Sunset. I spent <strong>the</strong> evening AA'ith General Leslie<br />

Combs at <strong>the</strong> West House and in a public meeting. The next day Avas<br />

<strong>the</strong> Sabbath and on Alonday morning I started by railway for LoAver<br />

Sandusky Avith impressions that have crystallized into pleasant memories

148 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>of</strong> a delightful little city- on a slope overlooking one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> finest bays<br />

that indent <strong>the</strong> shores <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie."<br />

In recent years <strong>the</strong> Village <strong>of</strong> Castalia has become ambitious commercially.<br />

It has noAV two Portland cement companies, and a cement<br />

plant is also located at Bay Bridge. The Castalia Portland Cement<br />

Company has a capacity <strong>of</strong> 1,500 barrels a day and employs 150 men.<br />

The increase in business caused <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Castalia Banking<br />

Company, Avhich began operations on September 23, 1905. The<br />

growth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village caused a demand for larger church accommodations<br />

and a Alethodist Church was ei'ected several years ago, and on<br />

October 4, 1910, <strong>the</strong> cornerstone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> German Evangelical Church<br />

Avas laid.

SANDUSKY PLATTER<br />

A recent magazine article thus describes <strong>the</strong> Sandusky platter:<br />

'' The first platter we give is a rare one, a view <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, Ohio, maker<br />

unknown. It is one <strong>of</strong> a dozen designs with <strong>the</strong> same border, <strong>of</strong> different<br />

cities, including such widely separated spots as Buenos Ayres and Quebec.<br />

Sandusky at this time was evidently in its infancy, but <strong>the</strong> pattern is a<br />

very rich and handsome one, fine in color and clear in design. Only two<br />

pieces with this pattern, both platters, have come under our notice. The<br />

platter which Ave shoAV has just been rescued in New Jersey from dust<br />

and oblivion. It has belonged to a lady Avho considered it such an 'ugly<br />

old thing' that she was umvilling to have it about. She <strong>of</strong>fered it to some<br />

relatives, Avho agreed with her as to its lack <strong>of</strong> beauty aud interest, and<br />

Avho would not take it as a gift, so it returned to its resting place <strong>of</strong> half<br />

a century—<strong>the</strong> attic. But old china like murder cannot remain hid, and<br />

somehoAA' two collectors in <strong>the</strong> same toAvn got Avind <strong>of</strong> this treasure and<br />

started to secure it. One went Avith a basket to bear aAvay <strong>the</strong> prize and<br />

came aAvay empty handed. The o<strong>the</strong>r, having better luck, secured <strong>the</strong><br />

platter, <strong>the</strong> owner taking five dollars less than Avas <strong>of</strong>fered her, as she<br />

Avas sure <strong>the</strong> platter was not Avorth it. Yet what did <strong>the</strong> collector get<br />

for it? Fifty dollars in money and,a beautiful ten inch States plate in<br />

perfect condition Avorth from twelve to fifteen dollars."—From "Some<br />

More Old Blue," by N. Hudson Aloore in <strong>the</strong> Delineator. The date pf<br />

<strong>the</strong> scene pictured on <strong>the</strong> platter is about 18<strong>20</strong>, fixed by <strong>the</strong> steamer in<br />

<strong>the</strong> foreground—Walk-in-<strong>the</strong>-"Water—Avhich was built in 1818 and<br />

Avrecked about 18<strong>20</strong>.

CHAPTER XIII<br />

EARLY SANDUSKY<br />

Origin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Name "Sandusky."—A map published in Amsterdam<br />

in 17<strong>20</strong> founded on a great variety <strong>of</strong> Memoirs <strong>of</strong> Louisiana, represents<br />

within <strong>the</strong> present limits <strong>of</strong> Erie County a water called Lac Sandouske.<br />

There is also a map published by Henry Popple, London, in 1733, Avhere<br />

<strong>the</strong> bay is called "Lake Sandoski." A very probable account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

origin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> name is <strong>the</strong> tradition <strong>of</strong> aged Wyandot Avarriors given to<br />

General Harrison in <strong>the</strong> friendly chat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wigAvam from which it<br />

appeared that <strong>the</strong>ir conquering tribes in <strong>the</strong>ir conflict Avith <strong>the</strong> Senecas,<br />

centuries ago, having landed at Maumee, folloAved <strong>the</strong> lake shore toward<br />

<strong>the</strong> east, passing and giving names to bays, creeks and rivers until on<br />

coming to Cold Creek, Avhere it enters <strong>the</strong> bay, <strong>the</strong>y AA'ere so charmed<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> springs <strong>of</strong> clear cold Avater in <strong>the</strong> vicinity that <strong>the</strong>y pitched<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir tents and engaged in hunting and fishing, and by <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> bay<br />

and river Avas called Sandusky, meaning in <strong>the</strong>ir language "At <strong>the</strong><br />

Cold AVater." Butterfiehl gives a conversation <strong>of</strong> John Al. James, Avith<br />

William AValkcr, principal chief <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wyandots at Upper Sandusky,<br />

at Columbus, 1835. He said <strong>the</strong> meaning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avord Avas "at <strong>the</strong> cold-<br />

Avatcr," and should be pronounced San-doos-tee. The LoAver San-doos-tee<br />

(Cold AVater) and Upper San-doos-tee being <strong>the</strong> descriptive AVyaiidot<br />

Indian names knoAvn as far back as our knoAvledge <strong>of</strong> this tribe extends.<br />

The exact derivation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> "<strong>the</strong> road that runs," is uncertain.<br />

Three AVyaiidot terms are at our service: Sahun-dus-kee, clear<br />

Avater; or Sandoostee, at <strong>the</strong> cold Avater; or Saundustee, Avater-Avithin-<br />

Avater-pools. The last name is applicable to <strong>the</strong> extensive marshes along<br />

<strong>the</strong> river, Avhich are intersected by open Avater; while <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r two<br />

would naturally describe <strong>the</strong> clear, cold Avater <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky basin<br />

springs, <strong>of</strong> Avhich Castalia is <strong>the</strong> best knoAvn example. The early French<br />

traders called <strong>the</strong> river Sandusqii*. By 1784, Avhen Jefferson drew up<br />

his ordinance for <strong>the</strong> division, nomenclature and government <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

AA'estern territory, <strong>the</strong> orthography Avas practically settled and he Avrote<br />

Sandusky, suggesting that <strong>the</strong> district Avhich this river drained lie called<br />

Aletropotamia!<br />

THE FIRST SETTLERS OK SANDUSKY<br />

The first permanent settlers came here in 1816. Aloney at this time<br />

Avas very scarce and produce high, prices ranging as folloAVs: Flour,<br />

$10 per barrel, and a poor article at that; salt, $8 per barrel; domestic<br />

150

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 151<br />

shirtings, 50 to 62 cents per yard; satinetts, $2.50 to $3.50 per yard;<br />

green teas, $1.50 to $2.50 per pound; brown sugar, from 25 to 30 cents<br />

per pound; loaf sugar, from 40 to 50 cents per pound, etc., etc. There<br />

being so few mills and little wheat at this time, families mostly depended<br />

on buying flour by <strong>the</strong> barrel. Corn could not be bought for less<br />

than $1 per bushel, nor butter for less than 25 cents per pound. One<br />

principal cause <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se high prices was <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> transportation.<br />

There Avere vessels on <strong>the</strong> lake at <strong>the</strong> time, but freight could not be<br />

brought from Buffalo here short <strong>of</strong> $2.50 per barrel bulk. For several<br />

years <strong>the</strong> settlers consumed all <strong>the</strong> products that Avas raised though this<br />

section; but as soon as a surplus accumulated, a ready market AA'as found<br />

at Detroit, Alonroe and o<strong>the</strong>r settlements in <strong>the</strong> upper regions <strong>of</strong> Lake<br />

Erie.<br />

ISAAC MILLS AIRS. ISAAC AIILLS<br />

In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1817 <strong>the</strong> TOAVII <strong>of</strong> Portland was laid out by its <strong>the</strong>n<br />

proprietor, Zalmon Wildman, <strong>of</strong> Danbury, Connecticut. It embraced that<br />

portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present area <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Avhich lies betAveen Hancock<br />

Street on <strong>the</strong> east, Decatur on <strong>the</strong> vA'est, and Jefferson on <strong>the</strong> south.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> ensuing year a claim was interposed by Hon. Isaac AIills,<br />

<strong>of</strong> NCAV Haven, Connecticut, to an undivided portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avhole tract<br />

embraced in <strong>the</strong> present city limits, which resulted in a compromise by<br />

AA'hich three-fourths Avas allotted to Air. A\ 7 ildman and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r fourth<br />

to Air. AIills. In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1818 <strong>the</strong>y united in laying out <strong>the</strong> present<br />

plat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn under <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> "Sandusky City," since changed<br />

(by <strong>the</strong> provisions <strong>of</strong> an act to provide for <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> cities<br />

and incorporated villages) to "Sandusky." Its location is on <strong>the</strong> south<br />

side <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Pay, being in 41° 32' 10" north latitude, near <strong>the</strong>

152 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state; 100 miles due north-f roni Columbus,<br />

60 from Cleveland, 60 from Detroit, 50 from Toledo and 218 from<br />

<strong>Cincinnati</strong>; situated in an extensive and fertile region known at that<br />

time as "Sandusky Country."<br />

In 1819 a man named Kelly kept a store at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Water and<br />

Hancock streets in a wooden building a story and a half high. His son,<br />

W. E. Kelly, <strong>of</strong> Port Clinton, had his account books in his possession<br />

before his death. The high cost <strong>of</strong> living at that time is shown by a few<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> items when <strong>the</strong> scarcity <strong>of</strong> money is considered:<br />

To postage on letter 19<br />

To cake soap 19<br />

To 7 pounds lump sugar at 44 cents 3.08<br />

To six yards calico at 5 shillings 3.75<br />

James Ogontz, Indian Chief (Ogontz Place)<br />

To 2 quarts whisky 50<br />

By three deerskins 2.75<br />

To one pound salts, Z. Wildman 37Va<br />

To one pound candles, Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke 50<br />

To 30 pounds nails at 25 cents 7.50<br />

Tea, cost per pound 1.50<br />

Gunpowder 1.00<br />

Salt, per barrel 8.00<br />

Pins, per paper 25<br />

Axes 3.00<br />

SANDUSKY IN 1822, AND ITS BUILDINGS<br />

The late F. D. Parish settled and commenced <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> law here<br />

in 1822. The following memorandum <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> different buildings at that<br />

time in this city, made by himself, was found among his papers since his<br />

decease:<br />

Dwelling houses on Water Street:—<br />

1. Steamboat Hotel, corner <strong>of</strong> Water and Wayne streets, tAvo stories.<br />

2. Brick, Avith frame in rear next west <strong>of</strong> hotel, two stories.<br />

3. Log house on lot next west <strong>of</strong> last, back <strong>20</strong> or 30 feet from <strong>the</strong><br />

street, front <strong>of</strong> it a frame not covered.<br />

4. Portland House on lot next Avest, tAA'o stories. (This AA'as kept as a<br />

hotel in 1835 and for some years afterward.)<br />

5. Moors FarAvell's dAvelling, on lot corner <strong>of</strong> Water Street and .<br />

Columbus Avenue, one-story building back <strong>20</strong> or 30 feet.<br />

6. One-story house on east side <strong>of</strong> Water, lot 35, Avhere <strong>the</strong> Caswell<br />

Block is.<br />

7. One-story house on lot next east <strong>of</strong> lot on corner <strong>of</strong> Jackson and<br />

Water streets.<br />

8. Two-story house on lot on corner <strong>of</strong> Jackson and Water streets,<br />

east side <strong>of</strong> lot.<br />

9. Story and a half house on corner <strong>of</strong> Water and Decatur streets,<br />

John Weeden's.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 153<br />

10. Log house west <strong>of</strong> Lawrence Street (Captain Alartin's.)<br />

Stone Houses:—<br />

1. William Townsend's store, now owned by railroad company, and<br />

warehouse on end <strong>of</strong> dock.<br />

2. Jennings & Darling's brick store, corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue slip<br />

and Water Street, and warehouse on dock.<br />

3. Old White Store on parts <strong>of</strong> two water lots now occupied by east<br />

end <strong>of</strong> Reber's Block.<br />

4. Warehoiise under <strong>the</strong> bank opposite <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel.<br />

Market Street:—<br />

1. One story and a half house on <strong>the</strong> easterly part <strong>of</strong> lot 8, Columbus<br />

Avenue.<br />

2. One story and a half house on <strong>the</strong> west end <strong>of</strong> lot, corner <strong>of</strong><br />

Wayne and Market streets.<br />

3. Two-story house on middle part <strong>of</strong> lot, corner <strong>of</strong> Hancock Street<br />

and Alarket, north side <strong>of</strong> Market Street.<br />

Wayne Street:—<br />

1. One-story building on lot 1, next south <strong>of</strong> (balance <strong>of</strong> sentence<br />

obliterated).<br />

2. Two-story house on west end <strong>of</strong> lot 1, Washington Row.<br />

3. Two-story house nearly opposite <strong>the</strong> last mentioned house.<br />

Columbus Avenue:—<br />

1. House on lot, corner <strong>of</strong> Water Street and avenue on <strong>the</strong> ground<br />

next south <strong>of</strong> what is now Graham's new block, front over 2\i> stories<br />

and part one story.<br />

2. One-story house on south «nd <strong>of</strong> lot on which West House stands<br />

and now covered by Aliller's Block.<br />

3. One-story house on west side <strong>of</strong> lot, corner <strong>of</strong> Market and avenue,<br />

Doctor Anderson's.<br />

4. House on corner <strong>of</strong> avenue and Monroe Street (McGees.)<br />

5. School house on west end <strong>of</strong> lot at corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue<br />

and AVashington Row.<br />

Times still continued hard. In 18<strong>20</strong> and 1822 money was so scarce<br />

that many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlers left <strong>the</strong>ir improvements and moved far<strong>the</strong>r<br />

west, unable to pay for <strong>the</strong>ir lands. And those who had <strong>the</strong>ir laids paid<br />

for Avere obliged to lay up sixpences and shillings to meet <strong>the</strong>ir taxes.<br />

All kinds <strong>of</strong> trade was carried on by barter.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1822 a stage route was established from here<br />

to Columbus. Also <strong>the</strong> steamboat Superior, Jedediah Rogers, master,<br />

made tri-monthly trips from Buffalo to Detroit, stopping here on her<br />

Avay up and doAvn. She Avas <strong>the</strong> second steamboat that navigated Lake<br />

Erie, and was built to take <strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> AValk-in-<strong>the</strong>-Water, a steamer<br />

built in 1818, and made regular trips until t*e fall <strong>of</strong> 1821, when she<br />

Avas lost. The Superior Avas built under <strong>the</strong> inspection <strong>of</strong> Captain<br />

Rogers at Buffalo Creek, and launched on Saturday, <strong>the</strong> 13th day <strong>of</strong><br />

May, 1822, amid <strong>the</strong> cheers and acclamations <strong>of</strong> a numerous concourse

E-<br />

w<br />

02'<br />

a<br />

u

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 155<br />

<strong>of</strong> people from this and adjacent toAvns. A salute <strong>of</strong> thirteen guns was<br />

fired from her after she had safely descended to her destined element.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> year 1824 <strong>the</strong> channel across <strong>the</strong> flats into <strong>the</strong> bay was<br />

staked, <strong>the</strong> Avater in <strong>the</strong> channel ranging in depth from seven to nine<br />

feet. Since that time <strong>the</strong> channel has been changed aha improved,<br />

making <strong>the</strong> depth in <strong>the</strong> loAvest place eleven feet. On Sunday night,<br />

June 6th, during this year, Sanduskv Avas visited by one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />

tremendous thunderstorms ever Avitnessed. The flashes <strong>of</strong> lightning<br />

AA'ere so vivid as almost to deprive one <strong>of</strong> sight; so rapid in succession<br />

as to keep <strong>the</strong> whole heavens in a seeming blaze, and attended with <strong>the</strong><br />

most terrific electric explosions, while <strong>the</strong> drenching rain descended<br />

in absolute torrents'. In noticing <strong>the</strong> above we feel inclined to give place<br />

to ano<strong>the</strong>r, occurring soon after, though <strong>of</strong> less importance, yet its devastating<br />

effects will probably illustrate <strong>the</strong> times <strong>of</strong> which we write as<br />

much as anything we can adduce, and we know <strong>of</strong> only one circumstance<br />

in <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> disasters to which it may be comparable, and that is a<br />

collision and Avreck on <strong>the</strong> "raging canal." As <strong>the</strong> staunch upper deck<br />

cabin horseboat Pegasus, Captain Tyler, commander, Avas on <strong>the</strong> way<br />

to this city from LOAVCI- Sandusky (Fremont) a violent thunderstorm<br />

arose, increasing in its fury, throAving down one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horses and <strong>the</strong>reby<br />

rendering <strong>the</strong> boat unmanageable, leaving <strong>the</strong> passengers and creAV<br />

to <strong>the</strong> mercy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wind and waves. The boat being.disabled in consequence<br />

<strong>of</strong> losing her motive poAver, Avas driven ashore and dashed upon<br />

<strong>the</strong> beach, but by this fearful catastrophe, we are happy to state, no lives<br />

Avere lost.<br />

During this year 1824 Sandusky Avas incorporated.<br />

Former difficulties existing betAveen <strong>the</strong> inhabitants and original<br />

proprietors being in a measure removed, <strong>the</strong> place commenced to thrive<br />

and settle faster than at any former period. The stage making her<br />

regular weekly trips 1o <strong>Cincinnati</strong> by way <strong>of</strong> Columbus, and <strong>the</strong> trilnontbly<br />

visits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> steamboat Superior, toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> shipbuilding,<br />

domestic trade and business <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place, produced a stir and activity<br />

interesting in those; times.<br />

Because Sandusky did not get <strong>the</strong> state canal, <strong>the</strong> project <strong>of</strong> a railroad<br />

to connect with <strong>the</strong> canal from Dayton to <strong>Cincinnati</strong> Avas suggested.<br />

As a matter <strong>of</strong> history which may be interesting to <strong>the</strong> present citizens<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky Ave have been favored Avith and here iasert <strong>the</strong> folloAving<br />

au<strong>the</strong>ntic statement by a Avorthy citizen, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> names and first actiA'e<br />

movers in this enterprise, which has for many years exerted a poAverful<br />

and marked influence upon <strong>the</strong> prosperity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city and but for which<br />

she could never have made headway against <strong>the</strong> implacable and perpetual<br />

hostility <strong>of</strong> her neighbors:<br />

"AV. D. Root, Esq.—Dear Sir: According to request, I cheerfully<br />

present my recollections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first Rail Road movements in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

Ohio. Shortly after <strong>the</strong> final location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio Canals—by which <strong>the</strong><br />

Central Route Avas defrauded <strong>of</strong> its claim—as <strong>the</strong> cheapest, nearest and<br />

most natural line: and certainly as early as 1826, <strong>the</strong> Hon. E. Cooke<br />

devised and suggested <strong>the</strong> project, <strong>of</strong> a Rail Road from Sandusky to

156 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Dayton, through whose influence a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> citizens was convened<br />

at <strong>the</strong> ' Portland House,' <strong>the</strong>n kept by Col. A. Root, for <strong>the</strong> consideration<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject. There were present at that meeting, David Caswell,<br />

cli 'in; Doct. George Anderson, E. Cooke, Hector Kilbourne, C. W. Alarsh,<br />

Moors Farwell, Aaron C. Corbit, and as I think David Campbell, John<br />

N. Sloane, Abner Root and o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />

'' The meeting Avas addressed by Air. Cooke, who made a thorough<br />

and searching exposure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> manner in Avhich Sandusky and <strong>the</strong> Central<br />

Route had been defrauded out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Canal, and proposed as <strong>the</strong><br />

only panacea which could effectually heal <strong>the</strong> malady, '<strong>the</strong> construction<br />

<strong>of</strong> a Rail Road from Sandusky to Dayton.' Resolutions Avere submitted<br />

and adopted by <strong>the</strong> meeting—commending <strong>the</strong> project—which Avere afterwards<br />

noted by <strong>the</strong> paper <strong>the</strong>n published at Cleveland, and held up to<br />

public odium and ridicule—but owing to <strong>the</strong> novelty <strong>of</strong> Railroad enterprises,<br />

<strong>the</strong> newness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, <strong>the</strong> extent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proposed route, and<br />

perhaps o<strong>the</strong>r causes, <strong>the</strong> project was permitted for <strong>the</strong> time being to sleep<br />

'but not to die.' This movement, <strong>the</strong>n, made at this early period, may<br />

justly be considered <strong>the</strong> germ from which sprung into life and being<br />

<strong>the</strong> Mad River and Lake Erie Rail Road.<br />

"Very respectfully ,yours, etc.,<br />

"JohnN. Sloane."<br />

The legislature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, on <strong>the</strong> 14th <strong>of</strong> February, 1824, passed<br />

an act providing for <strong>the</strong> incorporation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Town <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, and<br />

providing for <strong>the</strong> election <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>. The limits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town, as<br />

provided by <strong>the</strong> act, were as follows: Commencing at a point in Sandusky<br />

Bay, eighty rods from low-water mark, directly opposite <strong>the</strong><br />

north end <strong>of</strong> McDonough Street; <strong>the</strong>nce running a direct line to <strong>the</strong><br />

north end <strong>of</strong> McDonough Street, and along said street to Washington<br />

Street; <strong>the</strong>nce east along said Washingtbn Street to Decatur Street;<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce south along said Decatur Street to Jefferson Street; <strong>the</strong>nce east<br />

along said Jefferson Street to Hancock Street; <strong>the</strong>nce north along said<br />

Hancock Street to Washington Street; <strong>the</strong>nce east along said AVashington<br />

Street to Warren Street; <strong>the</strong>nce north along said Warren Street to<br />

<strong>the</strong> shore <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Bay; <strong>the</strong>nce to a point in said Sandusky Bay<br />

eight rods from loAA'-AA-ater mark, directly opposite <strong>the</strong> north end <strong>of</strong><br />

Warren Street; <strong>the</strong>nce running directly to <strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> beginning, shall<br />

he, and <strong>the</strong> same is hereby erected into a toAvn corporate, henceforth to<br />

be knoAVn and distinguished by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Sandusky; subject, however,<br />

to such alterations as <strong>the</strong> legislature may from time to time think proper<br />

to make; and <strong>the</strong>,remaining part <strong>of</strong> said toAvn, as SIIOAVII by <strong>the</strong> plat<br />

<strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong> on record, shall be, and <strong>the</strong> same is hereby vacated, excepting <strong>the</strong><br />

streets and public grounds <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong>.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> first record book <strong>of</strong> proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> authorities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

toAvn <strong>the</strong>re appears <strong>the</strong> following entry:<br />

'' Be it remembered that in pursuance <strong>of</strong> an Act <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Legislature<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Ohio, passed February 14, 1824, entitled ' A,n act to incorporate<br />

<strong>the</strong> toAvn <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, in <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong> Huron, <strong>the</strong> qualified<br />

electors who had been residents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> said toAvn <strong>of</strong> Sandusky six months

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 157<br />

<strong>the</strong>n immediately preceding, convened at <strong>the</strong> school house in said town<br />

on <strong>the</strong> first Alonday <strong>of</strong> Alay, 1824, and <strong>the</strong>n and <strong>the</strong>re, according to <strong>the</strong><br />

direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> said act proceeded to <strong>the</strong> election <strong>of</strong> nine suitable persons,<br />

being citizens, house-holders or free-holders, and inhabitants <strong>of</strong> said<br />

town, to serve as mayor, recorder and common council <strong>of</strong> said town, by<br />

ballot; at Avhich meeting John Weeden and Benjamin Gregg were chosen<br />

and qualified as judges, and Frederick Devoe as clerk.<br />

"Whereupon, after closing <strong>the</strong> polls and canvassing <strong>the</strong> votes which<br />

had been duly given by <strong>the</strong> qualified electors aforesaid, according to laAV,<br />

it appeared that George Anderson, Aaron C. Corbett, William Tovvuseiid,<br />

AVilliam Kelly, Cyrus W. Marsh, Alexander Clemons, Eleuthorus Cook,<br />

John Wheeler, and M. FarAvell Avere duly elected to serve in <strong>the</strong> capacity<br />

aforesaid; and <strong>the</strong> said judges <strong>the</strong>reupon declared and in due form certified<br />

<strong>the</strong> said persons duly elected, as will more fully appear by <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

certificate and return on file.<br />

-, ~luiif s<br />

•<strong>MB</strong>M*£p£ - •• ' V . . '<br />

'•'•'' ' •&".• M<br />

ft '• •" ••'"M!BA.\-<br />

1 " 1<br />

V<br />

AVIIEN SANDUSKY WAS LARGER THAN CLEVELAND, TAKEN FROM THE<br />

FIRST EDITION OP HOAVE'S HISTORY OF OHIO, PUBLISHED ABOUT 1847.<br />

Tins PICTURE AVAS USED AS A HEAD BY THE SANDUSKY CLARION ABOUT<br />

1848. ,<br />

"In pursuance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong> common council met at <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Eleuthorus<br />

Cook in <strong>the</strong> town <strong>of</strong> SaiiTkisky, and on <strong>the</strong> 10th day <strong>of</strong> Alay being<br />

within ten days from <strong>the</strong> aforcsaidhday <strong>of</strong> election, and <strong>the</strong>n and tffere<br />

proceeded to elect by ballot from <strong>the</strong>irSnvn body, three persons to'serve<br />

as mayor, recorder and treasurer, with tn\ folloAving result: Alayor, M.<br />

FarAA'ell; recorder, AVilliam ToAvnsend; treasurer, William Kelly."<br />

Thus organized, <strong>the</strong> town proceeded to elect a toAvn marshal, Wesley<br />

Anderson being <strong>the</strong> fortunate candidate. He resigned on <strong>the</strong> 12th <strong>of</strong><br />

February folloAving, and Daniel Newton was appointed in his stead.<br />

The town greAV rapidly in point <strong>of</strong> population, industry and trade<br />

during <strong>the</strong> first few years, and'among <strong>the</strong> many who availed <strong>the</strong>mselves<br />

<strong>of</strong>, <strong>the</strong> grand business opportunities that were <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> a<br />

feAV may be. recalled, as folloAvs: Aloors FarAvell Avas in mercantile trade,<br />

representing Zahnon Wildman. There AA'ere also Jennings & Darling,<br />

Avho came from Connecticut and opened a dry goods store in 1818 at <strong>the</strong><br />

corner <strong>of</strong> AVater Street and Columbus Avenue. AVilliam ToAvnsend<br />

started in <strong>the</strong> same line <strong>of</strong> business in |819 in a small frame building<br />

standing near <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> AVater and Lawrence streets. Mr. ToAvnsend

158 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

died <strong>of</strong> cholera in 1849. David McAIurray, in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1817, built a<br />

store on <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Register Office Building, in which he started <strong>the</strong><br />

drug business. One year later AVilliam Kelly became a partner <strong>of</strong> Mr.<br />

AIcAlurray. There Avas in trade here as early as 1819 a Hebrew named<br />

Colin. Avho had a small jewelry establishment on Water Street. In this<br />

same line Avas John N. Sloane, but <strong>the</strong> latter did not commence business<br />

until some years later.<br />

O<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early tradesmen in various branches <strong>of</strong> business but<br />

Avhose location and time <strong>of</strong> coming cannot in each case be definitely<br />

fixed, were: Galin Atkins, 18<strong>20</strong>, boots and shoes; D. C. Henderson, 18<strong>20</strong>,<br />

baker; AVheeler & GalloAvay, about 1821 or 1822, hotelkeeper and merchant;<br />

A. At. Porter, 18<strong>20</strong> or 1821, tanner and currier; S. PenneAvell and<br />

S. II. Stearns, tanners; Alilton & Jennings, 1819, cabinetmakers; Alexander<br />

Clemons, 18<strong>20</strong> or 1821, cabinetmaker; J. C. Hurd, 1823 or 1824,<br />

hatter; Col. A. Root, 1822 or 1823, harnessmaker and saddler; Sylvanus<br />

A. Cone, 18<strong>20</strong> or 1821, butcher; Bush & Hollister, merchants; O. & L.<br />

Cook, dry goods; Bassett Be<strong>the</strong>l, tailor; D. H. Tuttle, lumber dealer;<br />

Samuel and Leicester Walker, carpenters; Abner Lyman, carpenter;<br />

George Anderson, physician.<br />

The early plats <strong>of</strong> Sandusky SIIOAV AVater Street as <strong>the</strong> most nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

street in <strong>the</strong> city, Railroad Street and <strong>the</strong> land north <strong>of</strong> W T ater Street*<br />

being mostly made land. In a decision <strong>of</strong> Judge W. F. Stone, printed<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> November 27, 1871, <strong>the</strong>re is a meagre description <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> street. In August, 1848,-a petition was filed in th»<br />

Court <strong>of</strong> Common Pleas, asking that a street to be called Railroad Street<br />

be laid out north <strong>of</strong> AVater Street from <strong>the</strong> east side <strong>of</strong> Lawrence Street<br />

to <strong>the</strong> west side <strong>of</strong> Franklin Street. The petitioners were lot OAvners<br />

and <strong>the</strong>ir petition Avas heard in <strong>the</strong> October term, 1848. The court<br />

ordered <strong>the</strong> street established on condition that <strong>the</strong> street 'be kept in<br />

repair free <strong>of</strong> cost to Portland Township or Sandusky City. In 1852<br />

<strong>the</strong> council <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city authorized <strong>the</strong> filling up <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> street to <strong>the</strong> prescribed<br />

grade and <strong>the</strong> cost AA'as assessed upon <strong>the</strong> adjoining lot owners.<br />

In 1853 <strong>the</strong> street Avas extended to <strong>the</strong> east line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, and <strong>the</strong> city<br />

council, by contract with <strong>the</strong> Alad River road and <strong>the</strong> Junction Railroad<br />

authorized both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se companies to extend <strong>the</strong>ir tracks through this<br />

street.<br />

The Register cf July 14. 1873, contains a column obituary notice <strong>of</strong><br />

Judge Samuel Ik Caldwell, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old associate judges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Common<br />

Pleas Court. Il\ was a veteran <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> AVar <strong>of</strong> 1812, and came to Ohio<br />

in 1817 and to Sandusky in 1825. He hoarded at <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel,<br />

IIOAV Scott's American. Avhich AVIIS kept by Air. Boalt, <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> John<br />

*AI. Boalt, afterward postmaster at Sandusky, and Susan Boalt. AVIIO became<br />

later <strong>the</strong> Avife <strong>of</strong> Judge Caldwell. In 1835 he built <strong>the</strong> stone house<br />

IIOAV standing_next north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian Churcli as his family residence.<br />

He had been mayopbf Sandusky, and died July 13. 1S73, at <strong>the</strong><br />

age <strong>of</strong> eighty-one years.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> Sanduskv Register <strong>of</strong> Alarch 19, 1909, T. R. Davis, <strong>of</strong> Leaven-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 159<br />

worth, Kansas, gives <strong>the</strong> following description <strong>of</strong> Sandusky as it was<br />

in 1826:<br />

"The feAV business houses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn were confined to AVater street.<br />

'Billy' Townsend's unpretentious stoije marked <strong>the</strong> extreme western limit<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> business section. All beyond to AIills' creek Avas covered with timber<br />

and brush. On <strong>the</strong> North side <strong>of</strong> Water street, betAveen Air. Townsend's<br />

store and <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Jackson street <strong>the</strong>re Avas but one building:<br />

that a small stone dAvelling house that stood something like tAventy rods<br />

east <strong>of</strong> Air. ToAvnsend's store. On <strong>the</strong> South side betAveen <strong>the</strong>se points<br />

<strong>the</strong> most business-like establishment AVIIS Solomon Aloore's blacksmith<br />

shop. There Avre several very small and common frame buildings that<br />

stood just west <strong>of</strong> Aloore's shop, one a small tavern, as such AVCIV called<br />

in those days.<br />

"On <strong>the</strong> South side <strong>of</strong> Water street betAveen Jackson street and Columbus<br />

Avenue <strong>the</strong>re Avas a class <strong>of</strong> very common buildings, most <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>m frame and many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m only one story. On <strong>the</strong> corner Avhere now<br />

stands <strong>the</strong> stately West block <strong>the</strong>n stood a very common one and a half<br />

story frame building occupied much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time as <strong>the</strong> loAvest kind <strong>of</strong> a<br />

dramshop. On <strong>the</strong> opposite corner where now stands Mr. Graham's<br />

drug store <strong>the</strong>n stood Aloors Farwell's common frame store building.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> South side <strong>of</strong> AVater street, betAveen Columbus Avenue and<br />

Wayne street <strong>the</strong>re Avere several small trading establishments, and one<br />

or tAvo business shops. There A\;as a hotel at about <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> this<br />

block >vith a covered driveAvay on <strong>the</strong> AVest side leading to a large barn<br />

in <strong>the</strong> yard at <strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel. I think it was understood at <strong>the</strong><br />

time that this hotel Avas <strong>the</strong> headquarters <strong>of</strong> a stage line. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

retail stores <strong>of</strong> every kind were on <strong>the</strong> North side <strong>of</strong> Water street betAveen<br />

Columbus Avenue and AVayne street. There was no business house <strong>of</strong><br />

any kind on Market street. Later <strong>the</strong>re Avere two frame market houses<br />

erected, one on East Alarket street and one on West Market street.<br />

"I can recall.to mind only one residence on this street at this time<br />

that <strong>the</strong> city Avould IIOAV be ashamed <strong>of</strong>: this AA'as <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> old<br />

Captain Ransome, it stood about midAvay betwWn Columbus AA'CIIUC and<br />

AVayne street on <strong>the</strong> South side.<br />

"I can IIOAV recall to mind no improvement that had as yet been<br />

made on A\ T ashington street. All to <strong>the</strong> South <strong>of</strong> this for a considerable<br />

distance Avas an open common. **<br />

"Columbus Avenue Avas at, this time as devoid <strong>of</strong> any manifestation<br />

<strong>of</strong> business as a prairie dog toAvn <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West in Mid-Winter. Captain<br />

Charles Rice Avas <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> only Avagoninaker in <strong>the</strong> county. His shop<br />

stood out on <strong>the</strong> common to <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present Alasonic<br />

Building. Boots, shoes and clothing were not imported <strong>the</strong>n as now.<br />

All such AA'ere made bv local tradesmen and dressmakers. Blacksmiths<br />

»<br />

made <strong>the</strong>ir OAVII shoes and nails. The only paper Avals <strong>the</strong> Sandusky<br />

Clarion, a small-sized Aveekly.<br />

"Something like tAtelve years after arriving in <strong>the</strong> county I attended<br />

one AA T inter <strong>the</strong> only public school <strong>the</strong>n maintained in Sandusky. This

160 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

school Avas held in <strong>the</strong> basement <strong>of</strong> a church that stood out on <strong>the</strong> common<br />

not far from <strong>the</strong> present courthouse."<br />

A correspondent who signs his name "G." writes <strong>the</strong> Register a<br />

letter published in <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> December 24, 1885, in Avhich he says:<br />

'' I Avas born in 1827. Aly first school Avas between Fulton and LaAVrence<br />

on <strong>the</strong> Bay Shore. It Avas a stone house situated on Water street<br />

opposite <strong>the</strong> AVestern Exchange or Hammond Hotel near Jackson street.<br />

The school was kept by Air. Tower. My next school Avas on Water street<br />

between Fulton and Decatur one door East <strong>of</strong> John Wheeler's store.<br />

Jay Cooke went to this school kept by* 'Alandy Rogers.' Aly next school<br />

Avas at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and Water street where <strong>the</strong> West<br />

House stands. This school Avas kept by Air. Roscoe and some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

scholars Avere Henry, Pitt and Jay Cooke, Philander Gregg and John<br />

THE TOAVNSEND HOUSE. THE CRACK HOTEL OF THE CITY IN THE FIFTIES<br />

Homegardncr. The next school Avas kept by Air. Cooke, <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />

George, AVilliam and Charles Cooke, in <strong>the</strong> basement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original<br />

Methodist church, a stone building on <strong>the</strong> AVest side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courthouse<br />

square. The first shipyard Avas at <strong>the</strong> AVest battery where <strong>the</strong> steamer<br />

'Sandusky' was built."<br />

THE GERMANS IN SANDUSKY<br />

NorAvithstanding a popular impression to <strong>the</strong> contrary, <strong>the</strong>re is<br />

abundant evidence that <strong>the</strong> Germans began to come to Sandusky early.<br />

In a paper sliQAving individual research, written by Airs. Sarah Sloane<br />

and published in <strong>the</strong> memorial to <strong>the</strong> AVestern Reserve pioneer Avomen<br />

on <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> "The AVomen <strong>of</strong> Sandusky," Airs. Sloane quotes Airs.<br />

Martha Eldis as saying she came to Sandusky in 1828, and that for four<br />

years her family Avas <strong>the</strong> only German family in <strong>the</strong> village.<br />

The folloAving is <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> names <strong>of</strong> residents <strong>of</strong> Portland ToAvnship

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 161<br />

for <strong>the</strong> year 1829. The list includes <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> those who lived in <strong>the</strong><br />

town as well as those within <strong>the</strong> township and outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town.<br />

This enrollment was made in May, 1829, by <strong>the</strong> trustees <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> township<br />

for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> dividing <strong>the</strong> same into school districts, and to<br />

be numbered one and tAvo, respectively. All that part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town and<br />

township lying east <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and a line drawn south in continuation<br />

<strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong> to constitute School District No. 1, while <strong>the</strong> land to<br />

<strong>the</strong> west <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and <strong>the</strong> line above mentioned should<br />

form District No. 2.<br />

The resident householders <strong>of</strong> District No. 1 were as follows: Thomas<br />

GalaAvay, McGovern, Jerome Hardenbrook, David B. Smith, Chaun-'<br />

cey Terry, John Hamer, William Chapman, James Foreman, James<br />

Wright, Alichael Green, Marble Tatie, Gurdon C. Burnham, Davis<br />

Dougherty,. AVilliam Lisle, Joseph Darling, WidoAV Amsden, Alexander<br />

Clemons, Isaac Darling, Jesse Withington, Conrad Rhodes, Thomas<br />

T. White, Presley Thompson, Leicester Walker, Samuel Walker, Richard<br />

Hill, Daniel R. Ellsworth. Lewis Ellsworth, Abner Lyman, Aaron C.<br />

Corbett, Winslow Corbett, Abner Root, Roswell Jennings, Widow Cook,<br />

William CogsAvell, John Turk, Charles F. Drake, David Campbell, Erastus<br />

Cooke, George Anderson, Cyrus AV. Marsh, Judah AA T . Ransom, Darwin<br />

H. Tuttle, Jacob Goodrich, Alartin Eldis, Adolphus Woodbridge, Thomas<br />

AIcGee, Hezekiah Bigford, WidoAV Hurd, Widow Hancock.<br />

Householders <strong>of</strong> District No. 2: Benjamin Gregg, Francis D. Parish,<br />

Daniel NeAvton, Erastus S. Gregg, Ezra Wells, George Lantes, Benjamin<br />

Withington, Elijah Belknapp, Isaac Tupper, Jacob Bouck, Rufus G.<br />

Carter, AVidoAV Alartin, Daniel Wisopp, George Dorrell, Joshua Fairchild,<br />

W. D. Colvin; Kelly Smith, Knoulton Youngs, HeAvitt Hastings, Augustus<br />

Cook, Elias Hand, Andrew Grimes, Isaac Rice, Richard Martin, Amos<br />

McLouth, Samuel PenneAA'ell, Widow Henderson, Widow Bishop, H. H.<br />

Wilcoxen, E. D. Clemons, Michael Gill, John M. Sloane, A. M. Porter,<br />

William Lou<strong>the</strong>r, Lucas Hoskins, John Poorman, William Townsend,<br />

John Alorgan, Joyn Wheeler, Henry Victor, Russell Woodruff, John<br />

Wedden, AVidoAV Costello, WidoAV Falley, A. AL Aloore, George S. Reynolds,<br />

Henry I. Slater, Perry Darby.<br />

In 1816 Zalmuna Wildman laid out <strong>the</strong> toAvn and called it Portland,<br />

and built <strong>the</strong> first frame building, Avhich AA'as long known as <strong>the</strong> old<br />

"White Store, and occupied a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>" ground covered by <strong>the</strong> east<br />

end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reber Block on AVater Street, where <strong>the</strong> United States Express<br />

Company is now situated; and back <strong>of</strong> this store Mr. Wildman built <strong>the</strong><br />

first dock. In 1817 William B. Smith built <strong>the</strong> first frame dAA'elling house,<br />

on <strong>the</strong> lot next west <strong>of</strong> Voltaire Scott's American Hotel, a little back<br />

from Water Street. The next year he built a brick front coming up to<br />

Water Street, Avhich still stands. In this^ear C. W. Marsh erected <strong>the</strong><br />

first frame at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> AVayne and Water streets, and called it<br />

Marsh's Tavern. Next year it Avas again christened <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel,<br />

because <strong>the</strong> first steamboat, <strong>the</strong> Walk-in-<strong>the</strong>-AVater, had commenced her<br />

lake trips, and it bore that name till 1847, Avhen Alexander T. Porter<br />

built a veranda across <strong>the</strong> front and it was called <strong>the</strong> Veranda Hotel.<br />

Vol.1 —11

162 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The first justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace was Esquire Crippen. The first doctor<br />

Avas George Anderson, who came from New York and died <strong>of</strong> cholera<br />

in 1834. The first hnvyer was Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, and <strong>the</strong> second one was<br />

F. D. Parish, AVIIO crowned a long life <strong>of</strong> labor for reform by seeing<br />

slavery abolished and advocating temperance and prohibition. He was<br />

also <strong>the</strong> first postmaster <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, in 1818, folloAved by Erastus Cooke,<br />

D. Caswell, E. Brink, AV. B. Smith, D. Powers, John Al. Brown, T. C.<br />

AIcEwen, E. B. Sadler, A. C. A'anTine, John Al. Boalt, Charles AL Keyes,<br />

George Daniel.<br />

In 1817 <strong>the</strong> first saAvmill Avasput in operation by Dr. S. B. Carpenter<br />

on AIills Creek, and shortly after ano<strong>the</strong>r Avas erected on Pipe Creek.<br />

John G. Camp built <strong>the</strong> first grist mill, still standing, and is <strong>the</strong> tAvostory<br />

portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone building at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Franklin Street noAV<br />

used by <strong>the</strong> Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.<br />

The first stone structure Avas built by Hon. Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke on<br />

Columbus Avenue, Avhere <strong>the</strong> Star Theater IIOAV stands. Air. Cooke AA'as<br />

laughed at for undertaking to build <strong>of</strong> stone, and <strong>the</strong> Avise ones said he<br />

Avould never procure enough <strong>of</strong> that material in this locality to finish<br />

his house, but he found all he needed and considerable left over. This<br />

house originally had tAvo Avings, one on ei<strong>the</strong>r side, and Avas used by Air.<br />

Cooke as a dAvelling until he moved into ano<strong>the</strong>r stone house he had<br />

built, and Avhere Dr. Eugene Stroud had his <strong>of</strong>fice on Columbus Avenue.<br />

In this hitter house Gen. AVilliam Henry Harrison was entertained when<br />

here in 1840, and it AVIIS from <strong>the</strong> porch <strong>of</strong> this house that <strong>the</strong> log cabin<br />

banner made by <strong>the</strong> ladies was presented by Judge Sadler on <strong>the</strong>ir behalf<br />

to General Harrison.<br />

AVilliam B. Smith, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old settlers, erected <strong>the</strong> first frame<br />

dAvelling house in 1817. It was built on <strong>the</strong> lot next Avest <strong>of</strong> Scott's<br />

American Hotel, and a little back from Water Street. The next year<br />

he built a brick front coming up to Water Street and made <strong>the</strong> bricks.<br />

Air. Smith Avas a gentleman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old school, ahvays highly respected,<br />

having several times been placed in <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> trust and responsibility by<br />

his felloAV citizens. He visited <strong>the</strong> place as early as 1810, and lived to see<br />

a wilderness, with its savage inhabitants, give place to cultivated fields,<br />

to rising cities, and to a civilized and commercial people. The Register<br />

<strong>of</strong> September 30, 1878, contains a full account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> AV. li.<br />

^mith at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> eighty-tAvo years on September 25, 1878, and <strong>of</strong><br />

his burial with .Masonic honors.<br />

The second frame dAvelling Avas erected in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1817 by Air.<br />

Cyrus AV. Alarsh, and forms <strong>the</strong> rear portion <strong>of</strong> what is IIOAV knoAvn as<br />

The Scott's American Crystal Dome. A few years later <strong>the</strong> proprietor<br />

added <strong>the</strong> front part and opened <strong>the</strong> first tavern, giving it <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong><br />

Marsh's Steamboat Hotel. Since that time it has been knoAvn as Porter's<br />

Verandah Hotel, Raymond Hotel, Scott's American.<br />

The first stone dAvelling in Sandusky Avas erected in 1821 or 1822<br />

on Columbus Avenue by Hon. Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, a gentleman whose<br />

name and memory will ever fill a proud position in <strong>the</strong> annals <strong>of</strong> our city,<br />

as also in <strong>the</strong> category <strong>of</strong> our most learned, zealous and earliest pioneers.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 163<br />

The first merchants were (in addition to Air. Farwell for Z. Wildman)<br />

Messrs. Jennings & Darling, Avhose business was in dry goods.<br />

They came from Connecticut and opened about 1818, <strong>the</strong> same year<br />

building <strong>the</strong>mselves a brick store on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue<br />

and Water Street, where IIOAV stands <strong>the</strong> Hubbard Block. Mr. Townsend,<br />

also in dry goods, commenced in 1819 a small frame store opposite<br />

<strong>the</strong> present NCAV Lawrence Hotel. He died in 1849 <strong>of</strong> cholera, and <strong>the</strong><br />

lot whereon stood his store Avas purchased as a site for <strong>the</strong> C. S. & C.<br />

passenger depot. David AIcAIurray and AVilliam Kelly were also wholesale<br />

merchants, <strong>the</strong> former .commencing <strong>the</strong> first drug store in <strong>the</strong> fall<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1817 on <strong>the</strong> lot AA'here IIOAV stands <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />

THE OLD CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH WITH THE HIGH SCHOOL BEHIND<br />

IT, AA'HICH WAS USED AS,A HOSPITAL IN 1849, AND STOOD WHERE TIIE<br />

PRESENT COURT HOUSE STANDS.<br />

Of <strong>the</strong> first jeAveler, one Cohen, <strong>of</strong> JeAvish descent, AVIIO Avas in business<br />

on AVater Street as far back as 1819, Ave have been unable to ascertain<br />

any facts. The second Avas Air. John N. Sloane, who came here<br />

about 1823-4 and first occupied a small shop on AVater Street. He<br />

afterward erected more convenient premises AA'here <strong>the</strong> Graham drug<br />

store IIOAV stand, at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue. He Avas a shreAvd<br />

business man and ahvays alive to <strong>the</strong> interests <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, having served<br />

it four successive years as mayor.<br />

The first tavern Avas erected by Air. C. AV. Alarsh in 1817 AVIIO came<br />

here from Greenfield, Connecticut. He Avas very successful as a livery<br />

man and coachcr in olden times. He closed out someAvhere betAA'een<br />

1830 and 1832. Colonel Root also kept Avhat was knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Portland<br />

House, <strong>the</strong> second tavern in <strong>the</strong> city, <strong>the</strong> lot now occupied by <strong>the</strong><br />

Register <strong>of</strong>fice on Water Street. Subsequently <strong>the</strong> house Avas sold to

164 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Air. D. Campbell, who used it as a book store, in one portion publishing<br />

<strong>the</strong> Clarion for many years, and it was ultimately burnt doAvn.<br />

The first bakers Avere Air. Darius C. Henderson and Thorpe,<br />

Avho occupied a frame store where <strong>the</strong> United States Express <strong>of</strong>fice now<br />

stands. Air. Thorpe also had a bakery and grocery store where <strong>the</strong><br />

Euterpean Hall stood, noAV <strong>the</strong> American Express Company.<br />

The first carpenters and joiners Avere Samuel and Leicester AValker,<br />

having no regular Avorkshop, but Samuel lived in a house on Alarket<br />

Street back <strong>of</strong> where Air. Facer conducted his hack business, noAV <strong>the</strong><br />

Ferguson bakeshop. Air. Abner Lyman was also in this line <strong>of</strong> business<br />

and resided on AVayne Street. He was also for many years a justice<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace.<br />

The first tanner and currier was Col. A. Al. Porter AVIIO came from<br />

Virginia about 18<strong>20</strong>-21, and for many years conducted business near<br />

<strong>the</strong> brewery in <strong>the</strong> West End. The colonel Avas subsequently for some<br />

years proprietor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Verandah Hotel" and much respected as<br />

"mine host." Air. S. Pennewell and Air. S. II. Steam Avere also in<br />

<strong>the</strong> same line <strong>of</strong> business at an early date.<br />

The first shoemaker was Air. Galens Atkins, who erected and ran a<br />

small shop near <strong>the</strong> Colton House, IIOAV <strong>the</strong> XCAV LaAvrence Hotel.<br />

The first cabinetmakers were Messrs. Alilton & Jennings in 1819<br />

-and conducted business at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> AVayne Street and AVashington<br />

ROAV. In 1830 <strong>the</strong>y closed out and Avent south. Air. Alexander Clemons<br />

embarked in this business about 18<strong>20</strong> or 1822 but later moved to Marblehead.<br />

The first hatter Avas Air. J. C. Hurd, coming here from New York<br />

about 1823 or 1824, and for many years conducted a frame store on<br />

Water Street.<br />

The first saddle and harnessmaker was Col. A. Root, who came from<br />

Mansfield in 1822 or 1823, and commenced business in a frame store on<br />

Water Street, noAV occupied by Neill Bros.<br />

The first butcher Avas Sylvanus A. Cone, coming from <strong>the</strong> east about<br />

18<strong>20</strong>, who killed and peddled meat around <strong>the</strong> city, having no regular<br />

store.<br />

, The first justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace was Squire Crippen, who for many<br />

years traveled from village to village "dispensing justice with an even<br />

hand." He was first elected in Oxford, but eventually came to reside<br />

in Sandusky, and here it was his privilege to perform <strong>the</strong> first marriage<br />

ceremony, Avhich though someAvhat creating a breach <strong>of</strong> our classification<br />

<strong>of</strong> subjects, we cannot resist referring to. The contracting parties<br />

were a widoAV Scott and Captain Woodard, who on arriving at <strong>the</strong><br />

squire's residence Avere met by a few friends anxious to witness <strong>the</strong><br />

ceremony. The squire, first addressing <strong>the</strong> AvidoAv, asked her if she<br />

would take AVoodard to be her wedded and lawful husband, to which<br />

a nod was given and received as a sufficient response. AVoodard Ayas<br />

next asked if he Avould take <strong>the</strong> Avidow to be his wedded and lawful wife,<br />

to which he promptly replied Avith much fervor, "yes, by G—d!" The<br />

squire <strong>the</strong>n said, "In <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se persons I pronounce you man

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 165<br />

and wife," whereupon <strong>the</strong> ceremony was ended and <strong>the</strong> happy pair left<br />

for Cleveland. '<br />

The first doctor was Geo. M. Anderson, Avho came from New York.<br />

He Avas skilful in his pr<strong>of</strong>ession, but died <strong>of</strong> cholera in 1834.<br />

The first laAvyer was Hon. Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, who came here in 1821,<br />

having previously resided at Bloomingville. The second legal practitioner,<br />

Air. F. D. Parish, came here in 1822, and formed a partnership<br />

with Air. E. B. Sadler in 1836, which continued to 1847, Avhen it was<br />

dissolved in consequence <strong>of</strong> Air. Sadler being appointed judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

judicial district.<br />

Up to 1819 or 18<strong>20</strong> <strong>the</strong> Government postal arrangements here were<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most primitive character, postmen on horseback, collected and<br />

delivered letters from stage to stage, for Avhich <strong>the</strong> nominal charge <strong>of</strong><br />

25 cents Avas imposed. But about 18<strong>20</strong> a small shanty was opened on<br />

Water Streer^ind Air. Hector Kilboume Avas appointed postmaster.<br />

The business <strong>of</strong> this institution was subsequently removed several times<br />

to different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn, until <strong>the</strong> prosperity <strong>of</strong> our commercial<br />

interests Avarranted its removal to <strong>the</strong> premises where it is noAV located.<br />

The following is a list <strong>of</strong> all<strong>the</strong> postmasters Avho have down to <strong>the</strong><br />

present filled that <strong>of</strong>fice: Hector Kilbourne, F. D. Parish, Erastus<br />

Cooke, D. CasAA-ell, E. Brink, W. B. Smith, D. Powers, J. Al. Brown,<br />

T, C. AleEwen, E. B. Sadler, A. C. VanTine, John M. Boalt, Chas. M.<br />

Keyes, George Daniel, C. B. Dennis, John J. Molter, Chas. A. Lehrer,<br />

Jas. E. Alelville, Chas. Schippel, James Ryan.<br />

Sandusky Bay AV{IS <strong>the</strong> first port <strong>of</strong> entiy defined under <strong>the</strong> act<br />

passed in 1805, establishing among o<strong>the</strong>rs "<strong>the</strong> District <strong>of</strong> Aliami,"<br />

which in 1812 was changed, by ano<strong>the</strong>r act, to Sandusky. The earliest<br />

representative institution in said district was at "Danbury" on <strong>the</strong><br />

peninsula, Peter P. Ferry being <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficer, but in 1821 it was transferred<br />

to Portland ToAvnship, and, under ano<strong>the</strong>r act, passed in 1842,<br />

it Avas styled Port <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. In 1854 <strong>the</strong> treasury department<br />

invested $11,000 in purchasing a site, upon which during <strong>the</strong> years 1856<br />

and 1857 Avas erected, at a cost <strong>of</strong> over $64,500, <strong>the</strong> present block now<br />

standing on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and Market Street.<br />

SANDUSKY IN THE YEARS 1831 AND 1832<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1831 George W. Garrett opened <strong>the</strong> Lawrence Hotel near<br />

<strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present Lawrence Hotel (<strong>the</strong> old Colton House) to <strong>the</strong><br />

traveling public. At that time ^he low Avater mark was within sixty<br />

feet <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel, and'two Buffalo steamers landed daily at <strong>the</strong> wharf<br />

now used by <strong>the</strong> Big Four Railroad. The Steamboat Hotel Avas <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong><br />

favorite hotel.<br />

The store <strong>of</strong> A. Root had recently been opened with a stock <strong>of</strong> new<br />

goods su

vww&msm<br />

iiis" rm t<br />

- , mm«&mm'<br />

^T*-<br />

-•-T6SC.<br />

ORIGINAL PLAT OF SANDUSKY IN 1818. THIS PLAT IS ESPECIALLY<br />

INTERESTING FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS :<br />

(A) It proves that Sandusky was <strong>the</strong> legal name as early as 1818.<br />

On July 24, 1822, <strong>the</strong> Clarion editorially says that only ignorant people<br />

call <strong>the</strong> place Portland.<br />

(B) It shows that AVater Street Avas <strong>the</strong> most nor<strong>the</strong>rn street and that<br />

all <strong>the</strong> land IIOAV between AVater Street and <strong>the</strong> Avater line was made land.<br />

(C) It SIIOAVS AVashington Stre*tt_running through <strong>the</strong> park according<br />

to <strong>the</strong> original intention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plat. •<br />

(D) It shows <strong>the</strong> reason Avhy <strong>the</strong> most sou<strong>the</strong>rn street AA'as named<br />

Monroe Street, because Alonroe AA'as <strong>the</strong>n president.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 167<br />

Hollister & Company kept a grocery and <strong>the</strong>ir next door neighbors on<br />

<strong>the</strong> east were Caswell & AIills who, orf <strong>the</strong> 11th day <strong>of</strong> June, 1832,<br />

opened a large stock <strong>of</strong> groceries, dry foods, crockery and hardAvare.<br />

John Wheeler occupied a building at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Decatur and Water<br />

streets, Avhere he displayed a large stock <strong>of</strong> staple and fancy goods,<br />

boots and shoes, shot and pOAvder. He was largely patronized by <strong>the</strong><br />

sporting element. There were no saloons, but many stores sold Avhisky.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> July 25, 1832, quotes it at 30 cents a gallon.<br />

On Wednesday, July 18, 1832, <strong>the</strong> Clarion published an extra giving<br />

<strong>the</strong> first known case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera in Sandusky up to that date. On <strong>the</strong><br />

same day <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> health <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city issued a circular attributing <strong>the</strong><br />

death <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deceased to cholera aggravated by <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> liquor and<br />

expressing <strong>the</strong> hope <strong>the</strong> disease Avas limited to <strong>the</strong> one ease. In this<br />

<strong>the</strong>y Avere disappointed, for Avithin a few days three deaths occurred.<br />

Sandusky had in its earliest history more wholesale and commission<br />

houses than at <strong>the</strong> present time. Of <strong>the</strong> many firms that advertised in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Clarion in <strong>the</strong> years 1822 to 1832 are mentioned <strong>the</strong> folloAving, all<br />

out <strong>of</strong> business at this date: William Townsend, J. AV. Hollister, Isaac<br />

Darling, Wildman & AIills, E. Gregg, L. & M. FarAvell, Wilcoxon, Swearingen<br />

& Company, Alichael Gill, S. Sherwood, W. H- Caswell & Company,<br />

A. C. Corbett, Venice, Ohio; S. II. Smith, Venice, Ohio; E. Jessup,<br />

Venice, Ohio; E. Alerry, Alilan, Ohio. •<br />

It was also at one time <strong>the</strong> largest fresh-Avater fish market in <strong>the</strong><br />

world, and <strong>the</strong> freight carried every day during <strong>the</strong> busy season by a<br />

large fleet <strong>of</strong> pondboats to <strong>the</strong> Avarehouses for disposal was <strong>of</strong>ten so<br />

enormous that Avith a day and night- force *it Avould not be properly<br />

handled and taken care <strong>of</strong>. Tbre small fish were dumped back into <strong>the</strong><br />

bay and everybody Avas welcome to a basketful to save <strong>the</strong> trouble <strong>of</strong><br />

throAving <strong>the</strong>m back. /<br />

It Avas also at one time <strong>the</strong> third largest grain market in <strong>the</strong> world,<br />

excelled only by Odessa, in feussia, and Massilon, Ohio.<br />

The Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong> date <strong>of</strong> October, 1828, refers to <strong>the</strong> fact that<br />

on a given date 285 teams, heavily loaded AA'ith grain, passed through<br />

<strong>the</strong> streets <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, coming from Mansfield, Fostoria, Tiffin and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r settlements, to unload <strong>the</strong>ir freight at <strong>the</strong> different warehouses.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first gristmills in nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio Avas located and operated<br />

at Venice about seventy years ago. This mill, at present owned^by<br />

Gallagher Bros., is still in operation, although <strong>the</strong> warehouse and <strong>the</strong><br />

HayAvood dock, AA'hich extended fifty years ago far into <strong>the</strong> bay, have\<br />

become obliteratejVas well as <strong>the</strong>* cooper shops that were running full<br />

blast night and day, manufacturing <strong>the</strong> thousands <strong>of</strong> flour barrels in<br />

demand. This old gristmill .Avas constructed by three time-honored "G^^<br />

man pioneers, Peter Gilcher, Fred Reinheimer and Valentine Nicolai,<br />

Avhose children are still living and prospering.<br />

In 1834 tAvo English clerg^men>Head /and Alat<strong>the</strong>wson, visited Sandusky<br />

under <strong>the</strong> auspices <strong>of</strong>uhe EnglishNQpngregational Union. Air.<br />

Head thus describes his visit TO Sandusky: "In <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day<br />

Ave reached Sandusky. It has not more than seven' or eight hundred

168 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

inhabitants, but it is never<strong>the</strong>less a city in its corporate rights and <strong>of</strong>ficers.<br />

It is surely a city in a forest, for <strong>the</strong> large stumps <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original<br />

pines are still standing in <strong>the</strong> main street and over <strong>the</strong> spots that have<br />

been cleared, <strong>the</strong> neAV Avood is springing up with amazing vigor as if to<br />

defy <strong>the</strong> hand <strong>of</strong> man.<br />

"We Avent to <strong>the</strong> best inn in <strong>the</strong> toAvn, which had been better had it<br />

been cleaner. It was, hoAvever, welcome to me, as a heavy thunderstorm<br />

Avas just beginning to put forth its tremendous power. I congratulated<br />

myself on my safety, but my confidence was quickly shattered, for <strong>the</strong><br />

rain soon found its Avay into <strong>the</strong> house and came spattering in <strong>the</strong> rooms<br />

in strange style and onto my portmanteau. FeAV things seemed water<br />

pro<strong>of</strong> here. A second time my baggage soaked through. I had placed<br />

it in <strong>the</strong> upper deck <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers cabin as a place <strong>of</strong> safety, but a heavy<br />

rain came on during <strong>the</strong> night, <strong>the</strong> deck leaked and my baggage suffered.<br />

HoAvever, I made up my mind that I Avould not be inconvenienced by<br />

anything that might be injured, lost or stolen on <strong>the</strong> Avay—a precaution<br />

that certainly had more Avisdom in than I Avas aAvare <strong>of</strong>, for without it<br />

I might have had a pretty good share <strong>of</strong> disturbances. Already much<br />

Avas injured and some AVIIS stolen.<br />

"There were tAvo places <strong>of</strong> Avorship, one for <strong>the</strong> Presbyterians and<br />

<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r for <strong>the</strong> Methodists. The first is without a minister and nei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m in a very flourishing state. They stand on <strong>the</strong> greensAvard,<br />

<strong>the</strong>y are about 30 feet square and for <strong>the</strong> Avant <strong>of</strong> paint have a Avorn and<br />

dirty aspect. The people here reverse <strong>the</strong> Dutch proverb,—it is not<br />

'paint costs nothing,' but 'wood costs nothing,' and <strong>the</strong>y act accordingly.<br />

They will, however, improve with <strong>the</strong> town and at presentChave<br />

enough for <strong>the</strong>ir wants, but <strong>the</strong> adult population certainly go noAvhere.<br />

Indeed <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> religious and moral feeling is evidently very IOAV<br />

here and I heard more SAvearing and saAV more sabbath breaking than I<br />

had before witnessed.<br />

"There Avere many groceries, as <strong>the</strong>y called <strong>the</strong>mselves here, groggeries,<br />

as <strong>the</strong>ir enemies call <strong>the</strong>m, and <strong>the</strong>y were all full.<br />

"Manners Avhich are consequent on religion and morality were proportionately<br />

affected."<br />

Rev. Cyrus P. Bradley, who visited Sandusky in June, 1835, gives<br />

<strong>the</strong> following description in his journal: "We had a IOAV prairie to<br />

cross, worse than anything we had previously experienced. AVe left <strong>the</strong><br />

turnpike, for <strong>the</strong> aggravation <strong>of</strong> this miserable track, (a road it Avas<br />

not) was greatly enhanced by <strong>the</strong> sight <strong>of</strong> a gate Avith <strong>the</strong> rates <strong>of</strong> toll<br />

in glaring black paint, every ten miles, and took <strong>the</strong> old road, about a<br />

mile longer, and our driver hoped, better. We proceeded, occasionally<br />

getting out and pushing. When about half across, Ave espied before us<br />

two heavy wagons, stalled, fast in <strong>the</strong> mire, <strong>the</strong> very tops <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir wheels<br />

concealed in <strong>the</strong>. mud and\<strong>the</strong> poor beasts standing Avith drooping countenances<br />

and submissive ldok, before. We could not pass <strong>the</strong>m—<strong>the</strong><br />

same hole would add our misfortune to <strong>the</strong>irs, and as if a warning to us,<br />

across <strong>the</strong> prairie, we could see in <strong>the</strong> turnpike <strong>the</strong> indistinct form <strong>of</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 169<br />

<strong>the</strong> broken coach, in which Ave Avould have gone if we could. The driver<br />

spoke <strong>of</strong> returning, but Ave persuaded him to turn <strong>of</strong>f, try to cross <strong>the</strong><br />

ditch into <strong>the</strong> deep grass, and walloAV along until he gained higher<br />

ground, which Avas in sight. He did so, whipping up and encouraging<br />

his poor beasts at every deep hole or ditch, and we following, wading<br />

and jumping behind. AVe got out safe, but <strong>the</strong> heavy plunges <strong>the</strong> coach<br />

had made had broken one <strong>of</strong> our thorough braces and bent to an awful<br />

angle, <strong>the</strong> axle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hind wheel. Most preferred walking to trusting<br />

<strong>the</strong>mselves to this crazy vehicle; for myself, I Avas very tired and rode,<br />

bracing myself up on <strong>the</strong> highest side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coach, and at every hole we<br />

crossed, expecting a catastrophe. AVe finally arrived at <strong>the</strong> land <strong>of</strong> rail<br />

fences again, and having propped up <strong>the</strong> broken strap and axletree, for<br />

<strong>the</strong>y were broken, Ave all jumped in and proceeded. We changecf horses<br />

THE FIRST STONE BUILDING IN SANDUSKY, THE HOUSE OF ELEUTHEROS<br />

COOK. THIS STOOD WHERE THE STAR THEATRE NOW STANDS<br />

at a very respectable frame tavern, ten miles from Sandusky, <strong>the</strong> landlord<br />

<strong>of</strong> Avhich was a native <strong>of</strong> Dunbarton, exchanged our used-up vehicle for<br />

a lighter coach, and proceeded over a good road and for a noA'elty, at a<br />

good round trot to Sandusky City. Near that place we passed over a<br />

high, level plain, which was absolutely sandy. There were swells, too,<br />

several gravel banks, small pebbles and even large stones, all comely<br />

sights to see, most surely.<br />

"Sandusky City alias Portland. Gallinippers.—We arrived at San-'<br />

dusky about two o'clock and put up at <strong>the</strong> principal house, kept by a<br />

namesake <strong>of</strong> hiy OAVII. I shall never forget my ride across those gloomy,<br />

unhealthy prairies, which produce nothing but long grass, horned cattle,<br />

disease, mosquitoes and rattlesnakes. One species <strong>of</strong> meadow grass was<br />

shoAvn to me, to which is givelr<strong>the</strong>singular cognomen <strong>of</strong> Roman Catholic<br />

grass. Why, I did not learn. SaVidusky is not so large a place as I<br />

had anticipated, judging from its eawy settlement and notoriety. The

170 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

insalubrity <strong>of</strong> its climate, rendering it almost impossible for a stranger<br />

to live <strong>the</strong>re, is Avithout doubt <strong>the</strong> principal obstacle in its way. As a<br />

gentleman very significantly observed to me, ' A great part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants<br />

are over <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill,' for <strong>the</strong>re is <strong>the</strong>ir cemetery.<br />

O<strong>the</strong>r settlements, such as Cleveland, etc., have been at first nearly as<br />

unhealthy, but have improved in process <strong>of</strong> time. The fever and ague<br />

formerly infested <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> NCAV York, much as it IIOAV does Ohio,<br />

and AA-as not uncommon in <strong>the</strong> valley <strong>of</strong> Connecticut, Avithin <strong>the</strong> memory<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present generation. But in this respect, Sandusky does not improve.<br />

The village is not quarter so large or populous as Concord, but<br />

Avas full <strong>of</strong> business, for <strong>the</strong> Sabbath day. There is, in fact, to a majority<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants, no Sabbath. I Avas struck with one singularity—<br />

<strong>the</strong> air was filled and every sunny Avail or building AVIIS covered with<br />

myriads <strong>of</strong> a disgusting fly, about an inch long, with large Avings and<br />

feelers. They are sluggish in <strong>the</strong>ir movements and perfectly harmless<br />

—nobody seemed to notice <strong>the</strong>m. When flying, if <strong>the</strong>y strike an object,<br />

<strong>the</strong>y ei<strong>the</strong>r cling to it or fall, and 24 hours is <strong>the</strong> extent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir brief<br />

existence. Like mosquitoes, <strong>the</strong>y breed on <strong>the</strong> Avater and generation<br />

daily MIOAVS generation in inconceivable numbers. The inhabitants did<br />

not appear to notice <strong>the</strong>m, and gentlemen and ladies as <strong>the</strong>y passed <strong>the</strong><br />

streets were covered with <strong>the</strong>se reptiles. They find <strong>the</strong>ir Avay into <strong>the</strong><br />

houses and infest everything; even <strong>the</strong> table Avhere Ave dined swarmed<br />

with <strong>the</strong>m. A gentleman assured me, that he Avas on board a steamboat<br />

last Aveek which ran aground at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Detroit river in<br />

<strong>the</strong> night, and <strong>the</strong>y AA'ere obliged to remain till daylight. In <strong>the</strong> morning,<br />

vast heaps <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se vermin Avere found on deck, particularly congregated<br />

about <strong>the</strong> funnels, being ei<strong>the</strong>r dead or nearly so, and that <strong>the</strong><br />

quantity shoveled overboard was variously estimated by <strong>the</strong> passengers<br />

at from 6 to 8 bushels. Similar accounts have been given me by o<strong>the</strong>rs,<br />

and £rom what I myself have seen, I do not doubt <strong>the</strong>ir truth. They<br />

are considered as certain forerunners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera, and Avere unknoAvn<br />

here till just before <strong>the</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong> that disease. They are called, improperly,<br />

gallinippers, that being <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> a fly which, in common<br />

AA'ith o<strong>the</strong>r species, oddly enough called pontiacs, from <strong>the</strong> old chief <strong>of</strong><br />

that name, are exceedingly troublesome to horses. We ate our dinner<br />

in haste and hurried on board a steamboat Avhich had just touched on<br />

her way from Buffalo to take in Avood and passengers.''<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> June 9, 1875, quotes from <strong>the</strong> Chicago Tribune an<br />

article on <strong>the</strong> lake A'essels, and says:<br />

"There,are yet living those who can extend.<strong>the</strong>ir vision back to <strong>the</strong><br />

clays <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> birch bark canoe, noAV displaced by a fleet equal if not<br />

superior to anything in <strong>the</strong> Avorld. This has been brought about with<br />

such astonishing rapidity that at this juncture <strong>the</strong> supply exceeds <strong>the</strong><br />

demand, and never before have vessel men found <strong>the</strong>mselves so greatly<br />

embarrassed. From four to five months in <strong>the</strong> year <strong>the</strong> navigation is<br />

almost closed by ice and in tAvo instances even that time has been<br />

exceeded, <strong>the</strong> first in 1807 when <strong>the</strong> lake did not open at Buffalo until

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 171<br />

June 1, and again in 1811, June 4, The east shore <strong>of</strong> Lake Michigan,<br />

<strong>the</strong> St. Clair and Detroit Rivers are rid <strong>of</strong> ice much earlier than at o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

places between March <strong>20</strong> and April 15. While at MackinaAv it is still<br />

fur<strong>the</strong>r delayed.<br />

'' Lake Superior is <strong>the</strong> latest cleared <strong>of</strong> ice. The ice varies from tAvo<br />

to four feet thick and in 1875 from 5 to 6 ft. thick.<br />

'' In 1836 <strong>the</strong> total amount <strong>of</strong> tonnage on <strong>the</strong> lakes Avas 24,045.76 tons<br />

consisting <strong>of</strong> 45 steamboats, tAvo ships, seven brig, one barge, 47 sloops,<br />

144 schooners, and ten SCOAVS, total 256 vessels. Sandusky owned 4<br />

steamboats, 9 schooners, and 6 sloops. Toledo 3 steamboats and 5 schooners.<br />

No steamers or vessels were owned on Lake Michigan and those<br />

owned on Lake Huron Avere mainly Canadian. In 1836 <strong>the</strong>re were 18<br />

steamers plying from Buffalo west, <strong>of</strong> Avhich 2 were from Sandusky, <strong>the</strong><br />

steamer Sandusky, Capt. T. J. Titus, <strong>of</strong> 377 tons, and <strong>the</strong> Str. United<br />

States, Capt. Asa Hait, <strong>of</strong> 366 tons."<br />

There Avere eight steamers lost that year with a loss <strong>of</strong> 900 lives.<br />

EARLY VOTERS OP SANDUSKY<br />

Here are <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men who voted in Portland Township at<br />

<strong>the</strong> state election held at <strong>the</strong> mayor's <strong>of</strong>fice, Sandusky, October 10, 1837:<br />

Peter June, Augustus Cook, Walter Wilbour, Rhoderick Willestine,<br />

Zaeariah Brown, E. B. Sadler, John N. Beatey, Earl Bill, Daniel Dibble,<br />

George S. Dorrell, Daniel VanFleet, IT. B. Radcliff, James B. Griffith,<br />

WinsloAv Corbett, John G. Camp, William II. Caswell, R. J. Jennings,<br />

J. W. Beatty, Isaac Wits, George Lawton, W. A. Simpson, James M.<br />

Davidson, Robert Whitney, Ezra Wells, Hiram CoAvel, Oran Follett,<br />

EdAvard Foreman, William N. Crain, J. P. Stephens, Carlton B. GraAV,<br />

Orlando Ransom, David CasAA'ell, Austin Allen, Abel Holbrook, John<br />

N. Sloane, James Foreman, James McDonald, George R. Morton, ROSAVCII<br />

W. Mockabee, Daniel Phillips, Charles White", Isaac A. Mills, S. E.<br />

Hubbard, Jonathan Richmond, S. R. Danforth, Charles F. Drake, Lu<strong>the</strong>r<br />

McGee, J. W. Upp, Amos Earl, Solomon C. Moore, Daniel NeAvton,<br />

William White, David Campbell, Foster M. Follett, William W. Curtis,<br />

Samuel L. Pierce, Erastus Cook, Asa Pierce, Appelton H. Corbett,<br />

William ToAvnsend, John H. Williams, William B. Smith, Hudson A.<br />

Gaskil, Henry Raymond, Samuel M. Lockwood, F. W. Pomeroy, Leonard<br />

Beatty, James White, John Dunks, Abner Root, James Anderson, A. II.<br />

Barbour, Michael Gill, Charles Coles, William Silverthorn, Henry<br />

Daskum, Benjamin Withington, TDavid Conner, Lora Wittiny, Samuel<br />

Hammond, Moors FarAvell, George Bradley, Granville B. Beppeto, Jacob<br />

Riley, John M. Boalt, John Kinney, Connell Tinney, 'George H. Wells,<br />

Hezekiah Bickford, Francis Hull, William Benscoter, James B. Radcliff,<br />

David White, Austin Parks, Edward Foreman, Charles A. Barnes,<br />

Josiah W. Hollister, Thomas Neill, Samuel B. Caldwell, E. D. Bradley,<br />

Parley H. Pierce, A. P. ToAA-ar, John Weeden, William Neill, Jeremy<br />

Hopkins. Daniel Mallory, J. W. Ransom, Asborn Calkins, John Martin,<br />

O. F. Wood, I. S. Cochran, Robert Hathaway, L. G. Harkness, David

172 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Everett, Elisha Alvord, James Goosbach, John Wheeler, Derius Madison,<br />

Erasmus Benknapp, A^lliam Marshall, Erastus L. Great George Hand,<br />

John Von Saick, Ray Briggs, Andrew 4 Turnbull, Jacotr Winterstein, I.<br />

W. Graves, Thomas Eldridge, James W. Done, Stephen VanFleet, H. J.<br />

Snyder, William LangAvell, Z. W. Barker, William H. Orton, Joshua<br />

Fairchild, Abram Simms, Coval McGee, James SAveet, Thomas Bickford,<br />

John S. Gustin, Gilbert Traverse, Joshua Harlow, Frederick Smith,<br />

George Littleton, Timothus Evans, Thomas Comstock, Jeremiah DeAvey,<br />

Henry F. Merry, David Campbell, Ellery Taylor, Thomas T. White, Ezra<br />

Barnes, David Ingraham, Martin Eldis, William IT. Cone, Henry Converse,<br />

John Cline, John Hull, William Durbin, Jr., Solomon Sanciny,<br />

' A" ' •<br />

_L 1<br />

• -J<br />

*& i<br />

B,<br />

! . "<br />

-1 :<br />

1<br />

..._-. •_.<br />

• •-'!%<br />

COLU<strong>MB</strong>US AVENUE, LOOKING SOUTH, WITH OLD COURTHOUSE ON THE LEFT<br />

Sylvester Whipple, I. A. Simms, Andrew R. Thompkins, AndreAv Hasselett,<br />

Charles Rice, Daniel Loverall, William Shepherd, Henry Victor,<br />

Alvin Nash, Jacob Row, John B. Mugg, John Nicholds, Amon C. Bradley,<br />

Asa Cook, Jr., David Francisco, Samuel Moss, H. N. Converse, Charles<br />

Carr, Lewis C. Ellsworth, William Briggs, Thomas C. McGee, Lewis<br />

Ingram, Mason Converse, Benjamin I. Mann, Stephens Phillips, Reuben<br />

Russell, Joseph Burt, William Spaulding, Mat<strong>the</strong>w Danielson, Nathaniel<br />

Holbrook, George DeWitt, Thomas Harvey, Joseph Darling, Peter<br />

Chance, Stewart Bell.<br />

The original poll book is noAV in <strong>the</strong> possession <strong>of</strong> Dr. F. E. Weeks,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Clarksfield, Ohio.<br />

The Sandusky Mirror <strong>of</strong> August 21, 1854, says editorially: "In 1837<br />

on our first visit to Ohio we landed from <strong>the</strong> old steamboat Monroe,<br />

•

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 173<br />

Capt. Atwood, in <strong>the</strong> city <strong>of</strong> Sandusky and remained one day. It was<br />

scarcely a city <strong>the</strong>n—though we have but a faint recollection <strong>of</strong> its appearance.<br />

We believe, however, that much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ground where <strong>the</strong><br />

wharves and docks noAV are Avas yet a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay, and Water street<br />

was much nearer, if not pretty much under <strong>the</strong> water. Indeed, we<br />

remember <strong>of</strong> seeing,nei<strong>the</strong>r docks nor warehouses, but remember climbing<br />

up a steep bank from <strong>the</strong> steamboat landing to reach <strong>the</strong> public house."<br />

"On <strong>the</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong> a steamboat at <strong>the</strong> Sandusky wharf <strong>the</strong>re was a<br />

general rush to <strong>the</strong> landing. On one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se occasions Henry Victor,<br />

who kept a hotel where fie later erected <strong>the</strong> ToAvnsend House, was approached<br />

by a young man with a bundle under his arm, inquiring for a<br />

tavern. Victor started to escort him to his hotel. Before reaching <strong>the</strong><br />

hotel <strong>the</strong> young man asked if <strong>the</strong>y had milk, and on entering called for<br />

a quart, Avhich Avas produced. He <strong>the</strong>n opened his bundle and proceeded<br />

to crumb his bread into <strong>the</strong> milk, when he suddenly asked how much do<br />

you charge for this milk. He AA'as told a sixpence. He replied 'My<br />

mo<strong>the</strong>r has given aAvay pans and pans full <strong>of</strong> milk and never charged a<br />

cent. Dad said you Avas a set <strong>of</strong> sharpers up here and to look out for you.<br />

I Avon't have <strong>the</strong> milk.' And taking his hands he scooped out <strong>the</strong> saturated<br />

bread from <strong>the</strong> boAvl <strong>of</strong> milk and Avalked <strong>of</strong>f with it in his bundle.''<br />

—Register, September 14, 1868.<br />

In a careful article Avritten by Hon. T. M. Sloane, now judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Probate Court, <strong>the</strong> author says, concerning <strong>the</strong> courthouses and jails <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky:<br />

"The Ogontz Seminary, AA'hich had only been recently completed,<br />

was donated by <strong>the</strong> citizens to <strong>the</strong> county for a court house and served<br />

that purpose many years. It stood just west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present High School<br />

Building.<br />

'' The first jail in Sandusky Avas at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Jackson Street and<br />

Washington Square, about on <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>ran Church Avhich Avas<br />

torn down some years ago. It was a stone structure, sides and ro<strong>of</strong>,<br />

Avith a double board door and padlock. It had one room. One man by<br />

<strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Moekabee Avas so <strong>of</strong>ten incarcerated <strong>the</strong>re and Avas almost<br />

<strong>the</strong> only occupant that it came to be known as Fort Moekabee.<br />

'' The next jail was on East Market space, and though once destroyed<br />

by fire a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avails are still intact and form part <strong>of</strong> a two-story<br />

tenement UOAV standing <strong>the</strong>re and in use. It Avas in this jail that Evans,<br />

<strong>the</strong> only man ever legally hung in this county, Avas confined before his<br />

execution. He had killed a man named Ritter. Evans, though a onelegged<br />

man, escaped from <strong>the</strong> jail and got aAvay as far as Pipe Creek<br />

before he Avas recaptured.<br />

'' The next jail Avas a stone building noAV standing on <strong>the</strong> south side<br />

<strong>of</strong> Jefferson Street, just east <strong>of</strong> Franklin, and is used noAV as a dwelling.<br />

'.' The next one was on Jackson Street Avhere <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Capt.<br />

Brown and <strong>the</strong> house north <strong>of</strong> it IIOAV stands, and was torn aAvay to make<br />

room for <strong>the</strong>m when <strong>the</strong> present jail Avas constructed."<br />

The folloAving item from <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Register <strong>of</strong> March <strong>20</strong>, 1873,<br />

Avill convince <strong>the</strong> believing that <strong>the</strong> inhabitants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> struggling little

174 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

village Avere fed by divine interposition, like <strong>the</strong> ancient prophet, and<br />

that even at that early date <strong>the</strong> Sanduskian Avas not devoid <strong>of</strong> imaginative<br />

humor:<br />

"The inhabitants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village Avere seriously threatened Avith a<br />

famine. At that time <strong>the</strong>re Avere large numbers <strong>of</strong> Avild hogs in <strong>the</strong><br />

adjoining Avoods that Avere in <strong>the</strong> habit <strong>of</strong> coining IIOAVII to <strong>the</strong> bay for<br />

Avater. OAving to <strong>the</strong> vast fields <strong>of</strong> fine sand on <strong>the</strong> shore <strong>the</strong> hogs became<br />

blind. In <strong>the</strong>ir extremity <strong>the</strong>y Ave re obliged to select a leader that had<br />

a partial sight, a blind hog taking his tail in his mouth, ano<strong>the</strong>r his, and<br />

so on until a 16>ng line AVIIS formed, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> first hog Avould lead <strong>the</strong><br />

drove to <strong>the</strong> bay to drink. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> villagers, by <strong>the</strong> euphoneons name<br />

<strong>of</strong> John Smith, conceived <strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong> making his name famous as Avell as<br />

legion by a masterly deed <strong>of</strong> charity. lie <strong>the</strong>refore, with trusty jufle<br />

in hand, repaired to <strong>the</strong> haunts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wild hogs. Having secreted himself,<br />

he invaited <strong>the</strong> approach <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> droA-e. As <strong>the</strong> leader came abreast<br />

<strong>of</strong> him he fired, soA'ering his caudal appehdage close to his body. His<br />

leadership slood not upon <strong>the</strong> order <strong>of</strong> his going, but broke and fled.<br />

Our hero quickly stepped fonvard, took hold <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> amputated tail still<br />

in <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IIOAV foremost hog and led <strong>the</strong> innocent drove not<br />

Avhere AVIIVCS invaded <strong>the</strong> pebbly shore but Avithin <strong>the</strong> corporate limits <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> famishing village <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, and by this strategy saved <strong>the</strong> people."<br />

Beginning with December 7, 1885, <strong>the</strong> Register contains a series <strong>of</strong><br />

articles on Sandusky in 1840, from which I have taken liberal extracts.<br />

The articles are unsigned. Sandusky is thus described :<br />

"Young hickory trees and hazel bushes Avere <strong>the</strong>n thick on our public<br />

squares. The stage—<strong>the</strong> old yelloAV stage Avith its lea<strong>the</strong>r boot—used to<br />

come rushing and thundering along <strong>the</strong> West square, taking a diagonal<br />

liiie from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Court house square, striking Jackson<br />

street Avhere it intersects Washington ROAV, <strong>the</strong>nce going North on<br />

Jackson street to Avhere <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> George Hart IIOAV stands. It<br />

AA'as used and occupied as a residence and post <strong>of</strong>fice by Erastus Cooke,<br />

bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke.<br />

"And <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> old postmaster, in summer time Avhen <strong>the</strong> shades <strong>of</strong><br />

evening came doAvn, Avould come out in front <strong>of</strong> his residence on <strong>the</strong><br />

steps, bringing his clarionet Avith him, and fill <strong>the</strong> stillness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> night<br />

with sAveet, homely music, and it could in those days be heard over <strong>the</strong><br />

greater part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn.<br />

"Where IIOAV stands <strong>the</strong> Wiedeman House once stood <strong>the</strong> 'Mansion<br />

House' (later <strong>the</strong> ToAvnsend House). The old, generous, genial landlord<br />

was Harry Victor. The Mansion House Avas a frame building, nearly<br />

square in its shape on <strong>the</strong> ground. It fronted on Decatur street. Large<br />

Avooden columns rose from sandstone bases, with Corinthian capitols,<br />

and <strong>the</strong>y supported upon a level Avith <strong>the</strong> second story a porch, surrounded<br />

by ballusters running <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Decatur street front.<br />

Under this porch innumerable SAvalloAvs used to SAvarm and tvyitter in<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir season, and to this hotel came <strong>the</strong> elite <strong>of</strong> those days, <strong>the</strong>ir beauty<br />

and <strong>the</strong>ir chivalry.''

176 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

POPULATION OF SANDUSKY<br />

In 18<strong>20</strong> Sandusky had 300 population.<br />

In 1830 Sandusky had 594 population.<br />

In 1840 Sandusky had 1,500 population.<br />

In 1850 Sandusky had 5,000 population.<br />

In 1860 Sandusky had 8,478 population.<br />

In 1870 Sandusky had 13,000 population.<br />

In 1880 Sandusky had 15,838 population.<br />

In 1890 Sandusky had 18,471 population.<br />

In 1900 Sandusky had 19,664 population.<br />

In 1910 Sandusky had 19,989 population.<br />

On February 15, 1845, Amos Earl took a census <strong>of</strong> Sandusky and reported<br />

its population as 1,469. The census <strong>of</strong> 1850 shoAved, according to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong> February 12, 1851, Sandusky having 5,088 population;<br />

Cleveland, 17,074 • and Toledo, 3,819.<br />

Why has Sandusky not groAvn ? The author does not care to discuss<br />

politics, but it is proper to SIIOAV <strong>the</strong> falsity <strong>of</strong> reasons usually given. It<br />

is said that <strong>the</strong> early surveys <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Avere faulty and caused a<br />

large amount <strong>of</strong> litigation. This Avas nearly a-century ago, and after<br />

three-quarters <strong>of</strong> a century all questions <strong>of</strong> that kind have been settled.<br />

It is also said that prices Avere high at an early day in Sandusky.<br />

This allegation is not sustained by <strong>the</strong> pro<strong>of</strong>.<br />

It is charged that <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Sandusky refuse to <strong>of</strong>fer any inducement<br />

to manufacturers to locate, but as early as 1854 <strong>the</strong> city AA'as drafted<br />

for $15,000 to locate a shipyard Avhere <strong>the</strong> Tool Company is now, which<br />

shipyard Avas never built.<br />

It used to be said Sandusky needed a I'CAV funerals. But all those<br />

people have been dead for tAA'enty years.<br />

If <strong>the</strong>re Avere no o<strong>the</strong>r conclusive pro<strong>of</strong> that Sandusky's failure to<br />

progress Avas not due to <strong>the</strong> cholera, <strong>the</strong> address <strong>of</strong> Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Congressional Committee <strong>of</strong> Commerce on February 6, 1850, in<br />

<strong>the</strong> effort to procure an appropriation for <strong>the</strong> improvement <strong>of</strong> Sandusky<br />

Harbor, Avould be sufficient. A copy <strong>of</strong> this address is on file in <strong>the</strong><br />

Carnegie <strong>Library</strong>.<br />

In this address he states <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> A'alue <strong>of</strong> goods and <strong>the</strong><br />

duties at <strong>the</strong> port <strong>of</strong> Sandusky for <strong>the</strong> four years ending Avith <strong>the</strong> beginning<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1850:<br />

Value Duties<br />

1846 $2,522.00 $ 335.00<br />

1847 2,812.00 650.00<br />

1848 5,831.00 1,424.00<br />

1849 39,088.00 11,052.00<br />

ShoAving an increase <strong>of</strong> duties on imports at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> 1849 <strong>of</strong> nearly<br />

forty fold. He goes on to say <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Mad River road:<br />

"That railroad has opened <strong>the</strong> thoroughfare betAveen <strong>the</strong> most sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

extreme <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie and <strong>the</strong> most proximate point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 177<br />

River at <strong>Cincinnati</strong> for <strong>the</strong> rapid exchange <strong>of</strong> commodities between <strong>the</strong><br />

cities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north and <strong>the</strong> great states <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> southwest. Nor is this<br />

route less a channel <strong>of</strong> travel than <strong>of</strong> trade. The same cause which has<br />

given to this port <strong>the</strong> sudden accession <strong>of</strong> commerce has* also drawn<br />

through it an immense increase <strong>of</strong> travel between <strong>the</strong> eastern states and<br />

cities and <strong>the</strong> great southwest, requiring a constant daily line <strong>of</strong> steamers<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> largest class between Sandusky City and Buffalo for its accommodation^<br />

During <strong>the</strong> past year <strong>the</strong> books <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company show <strong>the</strong> number<br />

<strong>of</strong> through and way passengers over <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong> line to have been<br />

more than 88,000, and that <strong>the</strong> receipts <strong>of</strong> THE NORTHERN PORTION OF<br />

THE LINE ONLY, NOTWITHSTANDING THE SUSPENSION OF TRADE AND TRAVEL<br />

FOR SEVERAL MONTHS BY THE PREVALENCE OF CHOLERA IN THE WEST,<br />

AMOUNTED TO $343,734.80. On <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn section owned by ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />

company <strong>the</strong> receipts are presumed to be fully equal, making <strong>the</strong> gross<br />

amount <strong>of</strong> receipts on <strong>the</strong> whole line nearly $700,000.00. (Vide <strong>of</strong>ficial<br />

abstract.) To this should be added <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> passengers on <strong>the</strong><br />

Sandusky & Mansfield Railroad, and it will give an aggregate <strong>of</strong> nearly<br />

$1,000,000.00 and 123,000 passengers."<br />

Mr. Cooke attached to his address an abstract from <strong>the</strong> report 741<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> engineer's department, showing that in <strong>the</strong> year 1847 <strong>the</strong> total<br />

imports <strong>of</strong> Cleveland, Ashtabula, Conneaut, Fairpark, Black River and<br />

Vermillion were $6,322,292, and Of Sandusky $7,147,261, leaving a difference<br />

in favor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky <strong>of</strong> $826,969; that <strong>the</strong> imports <strong>of</strong> Chicago<br />

for 1847 were $2,641,852, with a difference in favor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky <strong>of</strong><br />

$4,505,096; that <strong>the</strong> imports <strong>of</strong> Toledo for <strong>the</strong> same year were $4,034,824,<br />

Avith a difference in favor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky <strong>of</strong> $3,112,437; that <strong>the</strong> imports <strong>of</strong><br />

Detroit Avere $4,0<strong>20</strong>,559, with a difference in favor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky <strong>of</strong><br />

$3,126,702.<br />

Mr. Cooke fur<strong>the</strong>r tabulated <strong>the</strong> imports <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> ports on Lakes<br />

St. Clair, Huron and Michigan, including Chicago, St. Joseph, Grand<br />

Haven, and <strong>the</strong> ports north <strong>of</strong> Grand Haven, Kalamazoo, Black River,<br />

Mackinaw and <strong>the</strong> Soo, Port Huron and Lexington, St. Clair, Newport<br />

and Acgonack at $3,982,532, with a difference in favor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky <strong>of</strong><br />

$3,164,729, Avhich figures he takes from <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial congressional report.<br />

He fur<strong>the</strong>r tabulates <strong>the</strong> imports <strong>of</strong> Sandusky for <strong>the</strong> year 1849, with<br />

a total value <strong>of</strong> $8,3<strong>20</strong>,949, and <strong>of</strong> exports $2,577,841, showing an increase<br />

over <strong>the</strong> year 1847 <strong>of</strong> $1,183,688.<br />

In his visit to <strong>the</strong> United States in 1842, Charles Dickens thus describes<br />

his trip to Sandusky after leaving Tiffin:<br />

"At tAvo o'clock we took <strong>the</strong> railroad from Tiffin; <strong>the</strong> traveling on<br />

which Avas very SIOAV, its construction being indifferent, and <strong>the</strong> ground<br />

Avet and marshy; and arrived at Sandusky in time to dine that evening.<br />

We put up at a comfortable little hotel on <strong>the</strong> brink <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie, lay<br />

<strong>the</strong>re that night and had no choice but to Avait <strong>the</strong>re next day, until a<br />

steam-boat bound for Buffalo appeared. The town, which was sluggish<br />

and uninteresting enough, was something like <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> an English<br />

Avatering-place out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> season.<br />

"Our host who was very attentive and anxious to make us com-<br />

Vol. 1—IS

178 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

fortable, Avas a handsome middle-aged man, AVIIO had come into this town<br />

from NCAV England, in which part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country he was 'raised.' When<br />

I say he AA'alked in and out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> room with his hat on; and stopped to<br />

converse in <strong>the</strong> same free-and-easy state; and lay down on our s<strong>of</strong>a,<br />

and pulled his neAvspaper out <strong>of</strong> his pocket, and read it at his ease; I"<br />

merely mention <strong>the</strong>se traits as characteristic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country; not at all<br />

as being matter <strong>of</strong> complaint, or as having been disagreeable to me. I<br />

should undoubtedly be <strong>of</strong>fended by such proceedings at home, because<br />

<strong>the</strong>y.are not our custom; and AA'here <strong>the</strong>y are not, <strong>the</strong>y Avould be impertinences<br />

; but in America <strong>the</strong> only desire <strong>of</strong> a good-natured fellow <strong>of</strong><br />

this kind, is to treat his guests hospitably and Avell; and I had no more<br />

SANDUSKY A-BOLT 1855<br />

right, and I can truly say no more disposition, to measure his conduct<br />

by our English rule and standard, than I had to quarrel with him for not<br />

being <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exact stature which Avould qualify him for admission into<br />

<strong>the</strong> Queen's Grenadier Guards. As little inclination had I to find fault<br />

Avith a funny old lady Avho Avas an upper domestic in this establishment,<br />

and AVIIO, when she came to Avait upon us at any meal, sat herself down<br />

comfortably in <strong>the</strong> most convenient chair, and producing a large pin to<br />

pick her teeth with, remained performing that ceremony, and steadfastly<br />

regarding us meanwhile with much gravity and composure (IIOAV<br />

and <strong>the</strong>n pressing us to eat a little more), until it AVIIS time to clear aAvay.<br />

It AVIIS enough for us, that whatever Ave wished done AVIIS done with<br />

great civility and readiness, and a desire to oblige, not only here, but

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 179<br />

everywhere else; and that all our wants were, in general, zealously<br />

anticipated.<br />

"We were taking an early dinner at this house, on <strong>the</strong> day after<br />

our arrival, which was Sunday, when a steamboat came in sight, and<br />

presently touched at <strong>the</strong> wharf. As she proved to be on her way to<br />

Buffalo, we hurried on board with all speed, and soon left Sandusky far<br />

-behind us."<br />

The hotel, still standing, at which Charles Dickens stopped at his first<br />

visit here in 1842 was <strong>the</strong> old Wayne Hotel, which <strong>the</strong>n stood at <strong>the</strong><br />

sou<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> Wayne and Water streets, where Voltaire Scott later<br />

kept a hotel.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> southwest corner <strong>of</strong> Wayne and Water streets <strong>the</strong> Verandah<br />

Hotel had <strong>the</strong>n been built some years and was originally called <strong>the</strong> Steamboat<br />

Hotel, and <strong>the</strong> old Strap Railroad ran east on Water Street to<br />

Wayne Street directly in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Verandah Hotel. At this time<br />

<strong>the</strong>re Avere no buildings betAveen <strong>the</strong> Verandah Hotel and <strong>the</strong> bay, and<br />

Water Street was <strong>the</strong> most nor<strong>the</strong>rn street <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, and Avhen <strong>the</strong><br />

waves Avere high <strong>the</strong> water broke over <strong>the</strong> rails <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> railroad. Railroad<br />

Street Avas later designed after <strong>the</strong> bay had been filled in.<br />

In 1842 <strong>the</strong> Verandah Hotel Avas kept by Charles Rude, Avhom Dickens<br />

described above. R. B. Hubbard used to mention talking with Dickens<br />

on that visit, and William T. West, Avho built <strong>the</strong> West House, used to<br />

tell <strong>the</strong> story that <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Sandusky gave Dickens a banquet to<br />

which he accepted an invitation, but at <strong>the</strong> proper time did not come<br />

doAvn but sent his valet down in his place.<br />

In a letter dated at Sandusky, Sunday, April 24, 1842, Dickens says:<br />

"We reached Sandusky at six o'clock yesterday afternoon. It is on<br />

Lake Erie, 24 hours' journey by steamboat from Buffalo. We found no<br />

boat here nor has <strong>the</strong>re been one since. We are waiting Avith everything<br />

packed up ready to start on <strong>the</strong> shortest notice. * * * We are in a<br />

small house here but a very comfortable one, and <strong>the</strong> people are exceedingly<br />

obliging. Their demeanor in <strong>the</strong>se country parts is invariably<br />

morose, sullen, cloAvnish and repulsive. I should think that <strong>the</strong>re is not<br />

on <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earth a people so entirely destitute <strong>of</strong> humor, vivacity<br />

or <strong>the</strong> capacity <strong>of</strong> enjoyment. It is most remarkable. Lounging listlessly<br />

about idling in bar-rooms, smoking, spitting and lolling on <strong>the</strong><br />

pavement in rocking chairs outside <strong>the</strong> shop doors, are <strong>the</strong> only recreations.<br />

Our landlord is from <strong>the</strong> East. He is a handsome, obliging, civil<br />

felloAv. He comes into <strong>the</strong> room with his hat on, spits in <strong>the</strong> fireplace<br />

as he talks, sits doAvn on <strong>the</strong> s<strong>of</strong>a with his hat on, pulls out his neAVspaper<br />

and reads, but to all that I am accustomed. He is anxious to please<br />

and that's enough."<br />

The Wayne Hotel Avas <strong>the</strong>n called Colt's Exchange and <strong>the</strong> proprietor<br />

described by Dickens Avas Col. R. E. Colt, an Eastern man. Mr. L. D.<br />

Anthony says he met Dickens and he had <strong>the</strong> second floor room in <strong>the</strong><br />

nortlnvest corner and he noAV has in his possession a cherry table that<br />

was <strong>the</strong>n in that room and later bought by him from Colonel Colt.<br />

The housekeeper referred to by Dickens Avas probably <strong>the</strong> Avife <strong>of</strong>

180 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Colonel Colt, as <strong>the</strong> Mirror <strong>of</strong> December 25,1854, speaks <strong>of</strong> her presiding<br />

over <strong>the</strong> cookery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hotel.<br />

In his article on "Early Sandusky," Judge T. M. Sloane states that<br />

Dickens stopped at Colt's Exchange.<br />

Clarke Rude, formerly collector <strong>of</strong> customs at this point, states that<br />

his fa<strong>the</strong>r, Charles Rude, kept <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel across from Colt's<br />

Exchange at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> Dickens' visit, and in <strong>the</strong> years 1842 and 1843.<br />

In this he is corroborated by <strong>the</strong> Clarion, which advertises Charles Rude<br />

as <strong>the</strong> keeper <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel in 1843.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong> May 25,1844, appears <strong>the</strong> first advertisement showing<br />

A. M. Porter as proprietor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel, <strong>the</strong> advertisement<br />

stating that <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel has just been renovated and repaired<br />

and will be opened by A. M. Porter. Shortly after 1844 Porter<br />

ran <strong>the</strong> Verandah in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel and it was called for<br />

many years <strong>the</strong> Verandah Hotel. At that time <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel Avas<br />

still not more than sixty feet from low water.

CHAPTER XIV<br />

THE THREE CHOLERA YEARS<br />

The United States Census <strong>of</strong> 1850 gave Sandusky an estimated population<br />

<strong>of</strong> 10,000 people. The city directory <strong>of</strong> 1855 claims only 5,000 in<br />

1850, and <strong>the</strong> census <strong>of</strong> 1860 gives Sandusky 8,408 population, and John<br />

McKelvey in his directory published in .1867 corrects <strong>the</strong> mistake. In <strong>the</strong><br />

cholera year <strong>of</strong> 1849 <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong> Sandusky was probably not over<br />

4,000 people, more than one-half <strong>of</strong> whom left <strong>the</strong> city when <strong>the</strong> cholera<br />

Avas at its height, so that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> remaining population <strong>of</strong> not over 2,000,<br />

357 died in sixty-eight days from cholera alone. The highest number <strong>of</strong><br />

any one day being thirty-three, on July 30th. A. W. Hendry gives <strong>the</strong><br />

folloAving description:<br />

"The railroad-connection betAveen Sandusky and <strong>Cincinnati</strong> had just<br />

been completed and <strong>the</strong> large amount <strong>of</strong> travel and traffic over its line<br />

Avas unprecedentecUin <strong>the</strong> West. Large shops, docks and warehouses at<br />

Sandusky became a necessity, laborers Avith <strong>the</strong>ir families were crowded<br />

into small buildings with insufficient accommodations and it <strong>of</strong>ten happened<br />

that several families would occupy a small building hardly sufficient<br />

in size for one. Temporary cabins and boarding houses Avere hastily<br />

erected and soon croAvded to overflowing. When <strong>the</strong> visitation <strong>of</strong> cholera<br />

came <strong>the</strong> city Avas Avhplly "unprepared. There Avere no hospital accommodations<br />

and <strong>the</strong> force <strong>of</strong> local physicians Avas Avholly insufficient for <strong>the</strong><br />

emergency. Hospitals had to be improvised and physicians like <strong>the</strong><br />

good Samaritan <strong>of</strong> old came in from <strong>the</strong> neighboring cities. The first<br />

death from <strong>the</strong> cholera Avas Mrs. Allen, July second. Three prominent<br />

ministers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gospel passed aAvay—Rev. N. W. Fisher, pastor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>-<br />

Congregational Church; Rev. H. P. Ward, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Methodist Church and<br />

Rev. T. C. Cooper in charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Be<strong>the</strong>l church. They are buried side<br />

by side in Oakland Cemetery near <strong>the</strong> city. A single marble shaft bearing<br />

<strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> each Avas 'erected by kind friends 'as a monument to<br />

mark <strong>the</strong>ir last.resting place. The cholera again visited Sandusky in 1852<br />

and 1854 but in a mild form compared with 1849."<br />

In a Communication from C.-C. Keech in <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> July 12,<br />

1884, he states: "There Avere fifty people put in <strong>the</strong> trench in three days,<br />

<strong>the</strong> trench filled up Avith dirt a stone wall built around <strong>the</strong> outside and<br />

three feet <strong>of</strong> extra earth placed on top. The trench has never been<br />

opened since <strong>the</strong> dead Avere placed in it. The big grave or trench was<br />

dug Sunday morning about July 28th, 1849.. Mr. F. T.' Barney hired a<br />

lot <strong>of</strong> railroad men at one dollar an hour to dig it. Before <strong>the</strong> work<br />

AA'as commenced on <strong>the</strong> trench <strong>the</strong>re Avere some tAvelve c<strong>of</strong>fins piled up<br />

181

182 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

at our <strong>the</strong>n small graveyard. As soon as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trench Avas dug<br />

<strong>the</strong> c<strong>of</strong>fins Avere placed in and covered up. * * * Some four hundred<br />

died in a month."<br />

On August 13, 1852, <strong>the</strong> Register announced <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> fifty-four<br />

people from cholera in <strong>the</strong> week ending that date, and on August <strong>20</strong><br />

announced <strong>the</strong> death from cholera <strong>of</strong> fourteen more.<br />

For exactly thirty years <strong>the</strong> papers <strong>of</strong> Sandusky accessible to <strong>the</strong><br />

writer contain no mention, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera. On July 31, .1879, C. C.<br />

Keech calls attention to <strong>the</strong> day as <strong>the</strong> thirtieth anniversary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day<br />

when <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera AVIIS reached and 103 died in three days,<br />

after which <strong>the</strong> pestilence abated.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1857 Dr. R. R. McMeens made a report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Ohio State Medical Society, from Avhich <strong>the</strong> folloAving extracts are<br />

taken:<br />

Previous to <strong>the</strong> year 1851 no data <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead Avere taken or' recorded,<br />

<strong>the</strong>re being no established cemeteries or no reports made, and Avas unable<br />

to obtain any reliable representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mortality <strong>of</strong> early years,<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> those periods <strong>of</strong> time remembered and furnished<br />

me by Dr. D. Tilden.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1838 <strong>the</strong>re were just sixteen deaths, eight adults and<br />

eight children. In 1839 <strong>the</strong>re occurred precisely <strong>the</strong> same number <strong>of</strong><br />

deaths. In 1840 <strong>the</strong>re Avere thirteen deaths registered by an old divine,<br />

in <strong>the</strong> following laconic Avords: "tAvo from disease, six from droAvning,<br />

one killed by a 'mad bull,' one hung, and three still-born."<br />

Cholera has been <strong>the</strong> scourge <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, for which she has become<br />

widely but unjustly proverbial.<br />

Circumstances <strong>of</strong> an adequate nature combined at one time to provoke<br />

an inordinate display <strong>of</strong> this disease, and accordingly induced an<br />

erroneous impression <strong>of</strong> some peculiar predilection existing in <strong>the</strong> plaee,<br />

and Avas advanced as evidence corroborative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> limestone <strong>the</strong>ory.<br />

Sandusky, at <strong>the</strong> time referred to, constituted <strong>the</strong> most important<br />

point <strong>of</strong> disembarkment on <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn shore <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie, and possessed<br />

<strong>the</strong> only railroad connection with <strong>the</strong> Ohio River, while <strong>the</strong> largest<br />

class <strong>of</strong> steamers daily discarded <strong>the</strong>ir vast load <strong>of</strong> passengers and emigrants<br />

at our docks and depots. The more opulent class AVCIV immediately<br />

conducted on <strong>the</strong>ir journey by a train <strong>of</strong> cars held in readiness<br />

for that purpose, Avhile <strong>the</strong> poor and ignorant emigrants AA'ere invariably<br />

detained for more convenient disposal and less expensive conveyances,<br />

and consequently all <strong>the</strong> cheaper and illy-provided houses <strong>of</strong> entertainment<br />

were filled with hordes <strong>of</strong> half-famished foreigners, huddled toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

in <strong>the</strong> most incommodious and ill-ventilated apartments, subsisting<br />

entirely upon <strong>the</strong> refuse vegetables remaining unsold in market<br />

and sleeping promiscuously and unprotected upon <strong>the</strong>ir piles <strong>of</strong> loathsome<br />

luggage, having left but lately already contaminated cities or infected<br />

ships, and passed along attainted thoroughfares—thus affording<br />

<strong>the</strong> most favorable circumstances for an ample display and extensive<br />

dissemination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pestilence.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 183<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1834 <strong>the</strong> first case <strong>of</strong> cholera AA'as a man by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong><br />

Childs, AVIIO came from Detroit here in <strong>the</strong> middle or latter part <strong>of</strong><br />

August, to Avork in our shipyard, but sickened and died before he commenced<br />

Avork. It <strong>the</strong>n spread through <strong>the</strong> town, and we lost many <strong>of</strong><br />

our valuable citizens, as it seemed to prevail amongst a different class<br />

<strong>of</strong> people from Avhat it did in 1832, and I think it Avas longer amongst us.<br />

I have all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> persons AATIO died in <strong>the</strong> toAvn in 1834;<br />

<strong>the</strong> number Avas forty-eight, <strong>of</strong> Avhich tAventy-seven died <strong>of</strong> cholera.<br />

There was no cholera on <strong>the</strong> peninsula in 1834.<br />

Cholera <strong>of</strong> 1849.—The year 1849, memorable for <strong>the</strong> widespread prevalence<br />

and devastation <strong>of</strong> cholera throughout <strong>the</strong> country, was one <strong>of</strong><br />

fearful fatality and corresponding consequences to Sandusky. At first<br />

giving but an occasional intimation <strong>of</strong> its intentions, attracting but a<br />

casual notice, until suddenly exploding Avith an overwhelming force, it<br />

SAvept through <strong>the</strong> affrighted populace like a besom <strong>of</strong> destruction, wi<strong>the</strong>ring<br />

with its upas breath <strong>the</strong> brave, <strong>the</strong> beautiful, <strong>the</strong> strong and <strong>the</strong><br />

feeble, <strong>the</strong> affluent and <strong>the</strong> indigent, and persisted Avith unabated fury<br />

until <strong>the</strong> place Avas nearly depopulated by death or desertion. '' Dismay<br />

stalked abroad in <strong>the</strong> daytime, and <strong>the</strong> droAvsy night was hideous Avith<br />

<strong>the</strong> Availings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disconsolate." Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stricken were unpityingly<br />

forsaken by <strong>the</strong>ir friends and family, and left to <strong>the</strong> care and sympathy<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> physician and philanthropist; all business AA'as suspended, stores<br />

closed and Avorkshops shut, and <strong>the</strong>ir occupants fled or fallen victims to<br />

<strong>the</strong> disease; <strong>the</strong> busy streets AA'ere painfully noiseless and apparently<br />

deserted. No c<strong>of</strong>fins could be procured, nor graves made for <strong>the</strong> accumulating<br />

dead, and soon but one physician remained to serve or see <strong>the</strong><br />

sick. Doctor Austin Avas prostrated at <strong>the</strong> onset <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease; Doctor<br />

Tilden became completely exhausted from excessive fatigue and family<br />

affliction about <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> its acme; Doctor Lane eventually became ill,<br />

and Doctor Cochran Avas left alone, and stood steadfast and unfaltering<br />

at his post throughout <strong>the</strong> Avhole period <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pestilence, unceasingly<br />

dispensing his services and sympathy to suffering and sorroAving in<br />

daytime and night. The remainder fled ingloriously from <strong>the</strong> field; but,<br />

to <strong>the</strong> honor <strong>of</strong> legitimate medicine, <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> recreants were all<br />

(all) outsiders or empirics should be stated.<br />

During this time a feAV fearless and self-sacrificing spirits strove to<br />

bring order out <strong>of</strong> confusion, and endeavored to furnish <strong>the</strong> assistance<br />

and supply <strong>the</strong> necessities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> occasion, as <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> health, organized<br />

at <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease, had dispersed and <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m<br />

abandoned <strong>the</strong> place. Among <strong>the</strong> most efficient and untiring <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

benefactors AA'as F. M. Follett, Esq., and o<strong>the</strong>rs, a number <strong>of</strong> Avhom fell<br />

martyrs to <strong>the</strong> disease, in <strong>the</strong>ir noble efforts to serve <strong>the</strong> sick. The names<br />

<strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r citizens <strong>of</strong> both sexes Avorthy <strong>of</strong> most honorable mention are too<br />

numerous for special notice in a paper <strong>of</strong> this character.<br />

A call Avas made to <strong>the</strong> sister cities <strong>of</strong> CleA'eland and <strong>Cincinnati</strong> for<br />

aid, and a number <strong>of</strong> physicians and nurses rushed at once to <strong>the</strong> rescue.<br />

Hospitals Avere hastily arranged, services secured, and confidence restored,<br />

Avhen <strong>the</strong> scourge began to succumb, and soon entirely disappeared.

184 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> first and foremost to respond to <strong>the</strong> call was Dr. H. A.<br />

Ackley, Cleveland, "who, Putnam like," left his plough in <strong>the</strong> midway<br />

furrow <strong>of</strong> his OAvn lucrative field, and, regardless <strong>of</strong> danger or pecuniary<br />

reward, started at <strong>the</strong> summons <strong>of</strong> his fellowmen, with his students and<br />

what o<strong>the</strong>r assistance he could command, for <strong>the</strong> scene <strong>of</strong> death and disorder,<br />

and, like <strong>the</strong> good Samaritan, poured oil into <strong>the</strong> wounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Sick and brought hope to <strong>the</strong> hearts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> besieged. The o<strong>the</strong>r principal<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>essional coadjutors were as folloAVS: Dr. E. Lauerdale and Spencer,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Cleveland, and Drs. E. P. Strader, A. F. Follen, C. A. Caroland<br />

and Josiah York, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, and Doctor Vance, <strong>of</strong> Urbana.<br />

But <strong>the</strong> remembrance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> invaluable and gratuitous services <strong>of</strong><br />

those skillful strangers are engraven upon <strong>the</strong> annals <strong>of</strong> Sandusky as<br />

enduring as <strong>the</strong> rock upon Avhich she stands, and treasured in <strong>the</strong> hearts<br />

<strong>of</strong> her people Avith <strong>the</strong> holiest affection.<br />

The first case that was Avitnessed.in <strong>the</strong> place was a young gentleman<br />

from New Orleans by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Shephard, Avho Avas attacked on <strong>the</strong><br />

cars between this city and <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, and arrived at <strong>the</strong> Mad River<br />

depot on <strong>the</strong> 25th <strong>of</strong> June, suffering severely "from <strong>the</strong> disease, and was<br />

kindly admitted to <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Doctor Cochran, after being denied<br />

an entrance at all <strong>the</strong> public houses, and under his care and treatment<br />

recovered. In <strong>the</strong> same week a German Avoman Avas attacked upon <strong>the</strong><br />

same road, and died soon after her arrival here, at <strong>the</strong> Exchange Hotel.<br />

The first case originating in <strong>the</strong> place was that <strong>of</strong> a Mrs. Allen, residing<br />

near <strong>the</strong> Mad River depot, on <strong>the</strong> 2d day <strong>of</strong> July, which terminated<br />

fatally. The next day a Mr. Rosegrant died <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same disease. From<br />

that time it rapidly increased, but no accurate account <strong>of</strong> its mortality<br />

AA'as observed or registered before <strong>the</strong> 19th <strong>of</strong> July. Up to that date <strong>the</strong>re<br />

was knoAvn to be nineteen deaths, and from July <strong>20</strong>th to 23d <strong>the</strong>re were<br />

tAventy-one deaths.<br />

From this time no daily reports Avere registered, and for fur<strong>the</strong>r facts<br />

Ave refer to <strong>the</strong> following article published in <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong><br />

November 22d, as containing <strong>the</strong> most reliable statement <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong><br />

returns. It says:<br />

"The first case <strong>of</strong> cholera occurred on or near Monday, <strong>the</strong> 2d day <strong>of</strong><br />

July, and <strong>the</strong> last in <strong>the</strong> city, <strong>of</strong> which Ave have any account, AVIIS on <strong>the</strong><br />

7th <strong>of</strong> September—thus lingering in our midst for sixty-eight days. On<br />

<strong>the</strong> 10th <strong>of</strong> August Ave published <strong>the</strong> following table derived from F. M.<br />

Follett, Esq., Avho was, during <strong>the</strong> greater part <strong>of</strong> cholera epidemic, '<strong>the</strong><br />

Board <strong>of</strong> Health:'<br />

"To August 8th, 3<strong>20</strong> deaths; to August 11th, 25 deaths; to September<br />

7th, 12 deaths; making a total <strong>of</strong> 357 deaths.<br />

"When <strong>the</strong> above table was made out it Avas knoAvn that many Avere<br />

not included in it, and it Avas thought that <strong>the</strong> true number <strong>of</strong> deaths<br />

<strong>of</strong> our citizens Avas 400, vide Sandusky Clarion. During <strong>the</strong> period <strong>of</strong><br />

its greatest devastation <strong>the</strong> population was computed to he not more than<br />

from eight hundred to one thousand souls; and so inadequate were <strong>the</strong><br />

few laborers that could be obtained to supply <strong>the</strong> demand for graves

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 185<br />

that one wide, unseemly trench was made and <strong>the</strong> dead indiscriminately<br />

deposited in one common sepulchre.<br />

"The epidemic commenced at <strong>the</strong> western limits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, in <strong>the</strong><br />

immediate neighborhood <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River depot, and created <strong>the</strong> greatest<br />

. havoc in that and <strong>the</strong> central portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place most contiguous to it.<br />

The east end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city escaped with comparative immunity.<br />

'' The wea<strong>the</strong>r during this time was gratefully cool and pleasant, <strong>the</strong><br />

sky clear and unclouded, rendering <strong>the</strong> nights in <strong>the</strong> full <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> moon<br />

brilliantly light and lovely."<br />

Four cases <strong>of</strong> cholera occurred in <strong>the</strong> spring and summer <strong>of</strong> 1850.<br />

The first, a gentleman from Syracuse, New York, died at <strong>the</strong> Townsend<br />

House early in April, attended by Doctor Tilden and myself. On <strong>the</strong><br />

10th <strong>of</strong> April a Mr. Elwell Avas taken, directly opposite <strong>the</strong> Townsend<br />

House, but recovered. On <strong>the</strong> 21st day <strong>of</strong> April, an old lady by <strong>the</strong> name<br />

<strong>of</strong> Parker, residing in <strong>the</strong> Mansion House, had a most violent attack but<br />

ultimately recovered. On July 19th a gentleman from Memphis, Tennessee,<br />

arrived at <strong>the</strong> Exchange Hotel with <strong>the</strong> disease and soon after<br />

died. No o<strong>the</strong>r cases were known to have been in <strong>the</strong> city, and <strong>the</strong><br />

ordinary health <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place prevailed throughout <strong>the</strong> balance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year.<br />

Cholera <strong>of</strong> 1852.—The subjoined account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera <strong>of</strong> 1852 is an<br />

abstract <strong>of</strong> a report read by me before <strong>the</strong> Erie County Medical Society:<br />

The approaches <strong>of</strong> this fearful disease created uneasy apprehensions, as<br />

rumors <strong>of</strong> its ravages in adjacent cities reached us, and its earliest<br />

manifestations were looked for with lively interest—our people being<br />

rendered extremely excitable from <strong>the</strong> terrible visitation experienced<br />

in 1849.<br />

The first exhibition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease in our immediate vicinity occurred<br />

at Venice, a small and isolated village about three miles distant, Avhere a<br />

Avhole family were swept <strong>of</strong>f in a few days. They had but recently<br />

received a trunk containing <strong>the</strong> clo<strong>the</strong>s <strong>of</strong> a relative who had died <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

disease on <strong>the</strong> Ohio River, Avhich <strong>the</strong>y had exposed and Avashed for preservation.<br />

These facts are alleged and accredited upon <strong>the</strong> authority <strong>of</strong><br />

Drs. Tilden and Hoyt, who were in attendance upon <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

An old lady residing in this city, and a relative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family, visited<br />

<strong>the</strong>m during <strong>the</strong>ir illness and Avas immediately attacked on her return<br />

home and died.<br />

Contemporaneous with <strong>the</strong> above events a general disposition to<br />

diarrhoea began to develop itself in our midst, resembling in all particulars<br />

<strong>the</strong> cholerine, as described by authors, and occasional Avell-marked<br />

cases <strong>of</strong> cholera Avere reported, occurring principally among <strong>the</strong> patients<br />

<strong>of</strong> our German practitioners.<br />

The first Avell-attested case Avas an Irish laborer, attacked on <strong>the</strong> evening<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 21st <strong>of</strong> July at an Irish boarding-house on Water Street near<br />

<strong>the</strong> Mansfield depot. The same night I Avas called to see a German on<br />

Franklin Street, in <strong>the</strong> immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first. Both AA-ere fully<br />

developed cholera, but both fortunately recovered.<br />

The next night I was summoned by Mayor Follett to visit three German<br />

emigrants suffering from <strong>the</strong> same disease at aGerman tavern situ-

186 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

ated directly between <strong>the</strong> tAvo former places, AVIIO Avere subsequently<br />

removed to <strong>the</strong> hospital, AA'here tAvo soon after died.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> above demonstrations considerable alarm and excitement<br />

pervaded <strong>the</strong> place, and many <strong>of</strong> our citizens began to leave <strong>the</strong> city,<br />

while <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> at once providing a hospital for <strong>the</strong> reception<br />

and concentration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emigrant and indigent portion <strong>of</strong> our population<br />

became obvious and imperative.<br />

Through <strong>the</strong> indefatigable exertions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mayor, aided by an intelligent<br />

and energetic sanitive committee, such an establishment AA*as furnished<br />

and supplied with most commendable dispatch, by converting a<br />

commodious but unfinished church to that purpose. This was divided<br />

into a male and female Avard, and Avas opened for <strong>the</strong> admission <strong>of</strong><br />

patients on <strong>the</strong> 31st day <strong>of</strong> July, and contained that night five patients<br />

THE CHOLERA CEMETERY OF 1849. THE TRENCH WHERE 60 WERE<br />

BURIED TWO,OR THREE DEEP, HALF OF THEM AVITHOUT COFFINS, IS<br />

BETWEEN THE TREE AND THE CORNER WHERE THE HOUSE STANDS ON THE<br />

LEFT HAND SIDE OF THE PICTURE.<br />

afflicted with cholera, and remained more or less occupied until <strong>the</strong> 16th<br />

day <strong>of</strong> September, when it was finally closed.<br />

During this period <strong>the</strong>re were admitted eighty-seven cases <strong>of</strong> cholera.<br />

Five <strong>of</strong> this number were in articulo mortis Avhen received, and consequently<br />

had no fur<strong>the</strong>r attention than removal upon demise. Fiftyseven<br />

Avere discharged cured, or convalescent, and thirty deaths occurred<br />

in all.<br />

Cholera <strong>of</strong> 1854.—The cholera appeared in Sandusky in 1854, but<br />

scarcely reached an epidemic character. The large majority <strong>of</strong> cases<br />

were among <strong>the</strong> recently arrived emigrants, seafaring men, or refugees<br />

from o<strong>the</strong>r places, and only Occurred among our citizens in isolated<br />

attacks at considerable intervals. The first case in <strong>the</strong> city AVIIS on <strong>the</strong><br />

10th <strong>of</strong> July, that <strong>of</strong> a French emigrant just arrived from sea; who recovered.<br />

Seen by Doctor Donahoo.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 187<br />

The next Avas on <strong>the</strong> 12th <strong>of</strong> July, in <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> Doctor Donahoo,<br />

that <strong>of</strong>.a Avoman just arrived from Dayton, and soon after died. On <strong>the</strong><br />

morning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 14th I Avas called to see a seaman on board <strong>the</strong> schooner<br />

Velocity, direct from Detroit, Avho was far advanced in <strong>the</strong> complaint<br />

and Avas carried to <strong>the</strong> hospital, <strong>the</strong>n just opened, where he subsequently<br />

died.<br />

On November 22,1849, <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Clarion published <strong>the</strong> folloAving<br />

article:<br />

'' We lay before our readers today as perfect a list <strong>of</strong> victims <strong>of</strong> cholera<br />

as Ave have been able to obtain. We doubt not that <strong>the</strong>re are many<br />

that have been overlooked, but a great deal <strong>of</strong> care has been taken to<br />

make <strong>the</strong> table as correct as possible. It was impossible to ascertain <strong>the</strong><br />

names <strong>of</strong> many persons Avho were knoAvn to have died <strong>of</strong> cholera.<br />

"The first case <strong>of</strong> cholera occurred on or near Mondjty, <strong>the</strong> 2d day <strong>of</strong><br />

July, and <strong>the</strong> last in <strong>the</strong> city <strong>of</strong> which Ave have any account was on <strong>the</strong><br />

7th day <strong>of</strong> September, thus lingering in our midst for sixty-eight days.<br />

"We publish <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> 365 in alphabetical order. Of this number,<br />

138 Avere given at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong> death occurred; which Avas all we could<br />

obtain from our best authorities. We have looked over <strong>the</strong> list and added<br />

dates to all those which were known to us. We would publish <strong>the</strong> number<br />

<strong>of</strong> deaths each day during <strong>the</strong> scourge, if Ave had <strong>the</strong> data to Avork from, v<br />

but such was <strong>the</strong> excitement that prevailed, that it could not be kept.<br />

The greatest number <strong>of</strong> burials were on Monday <strong>the</strong> 30th <strong>of</strong> July.<br />

"If <strong>the</strong>re are any mistakes in this list we hope those who know <strong>the</strong> facts<br />

will inform us that we may correct <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

Theodore- Aple Mary A. Byrnes<br />

Sally Allen Ch's Byrnes<br />

John Agerman Wm. Booth<br />

Ruth Atwood Hannah Booth<br />

Silas Aikeir Edward Braman<br />

Caroline Boss Mary Bush<br />

John Bangle LaAvrence Burns<br />

John Ballard Elizabeth BOAATCS<br />

Wm. R. Ballard Geo. A. Bowles<br />

C. Backner Helen Benschoter<br />

J. Brown and child Marian Benschoter<br />

U. Bromley Francis Bush<br />

T. Bromley II. BoAver<br />

Charles Barney Mary 0. Beatty<br />

Thos. Boswell, Monroeville John Bell<br />

Bertha Bornet Mary Bullmin<br />

Mary Bradley IT. J. Bell<br />

Rollin Brown Mrs. Bell<br />

Samuel BroAvn Miss Booth<br />

Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Boyton David Burns<br />

Ann. IT. Byrnes Martin Britton

188 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

James Bight<br />

Mrs. Bowers<br />

Parmelia S. Barny<br />

Mrs. Barker<br />

Mrs. Baremuser<br />

Jacob Broashe<br />

Erastus Cooke<br />

Mark Churchill<br />

Ann Churchill<br />

Sarah E. Cassin<br />

Jacob Caman<br />

Orrin Conner<br />

John Clohan<br />

Thomas Clohan<br />

Bridget Casey<br />

Helen Cassiday<br />

Joseph Cox<br />

James Conner<br />

OrAven Conner<br />

Bridget Corobine and child<br />

Joseph Colley<br />

Helen Cdnlin<br />

Lucy A. Clay<br />

Mr. Cornolt<br />

Christian Chardon<br />

Peter Cochran<br />

- G. Caffilter, Jr.<br />

C. Caffilter<br />

Mrs. Caffilter<br />

Christian Close<br />

Talcott E. Chapman<br />

Peter Crull<br />

Child <strong>of</strong> Fred Clemons<br />

Child <strong>of</strong> Mrs. Chambers<br />

Garret Crouse<br />

Joseph Coy<br />

. John Conrad<br />

Bridget Caroboy<br />

Michael Conner<br />

Capt. Carroll<br />

Christopher Cully<br />

Casper Daring<br />

Julia Doner<br />

Elizabeth Daniels<br />

George Daniels<br />

James Dempsey<br />

James Dempsey, Jr.<br />

Ann Dempsey<br />

Eliza Dempsey<br />

Rosa Downey<br />

Charles Donell<br />

Margaret Darfiner<br />

Jeremiah Dewey<br />

Dyda Dam<br />

Michael Dail<br />

Charles Darfiner<br />

Robert Dean<br />

E. Durham<br />

Margaret Darling<br />

Henry Denh<strong>of</strong>f<br />

Avert Eiry<br />

Mary A. Esley<br />

Eliza EbersAvim<br />

Peter Ellis<br />

George Ervin<br />

Edwin Francis<br />

S. F'lanaghau<br />

Richard Farrell<br />

Susan Farrell<br />

Win. II. Fleming<br />

Rev. N. W. Fisher<br />

John Frederic<br />

James Fitzpatrick<br />

Arthur Fulton<br />

Domino Fay<br />

L. Fitzpatrick<br />

Patrick Gilhnan<br />

Paul GloAver, Urbana<br />

James Grinley<br />

Patrick Grinley<br />

Annora Grinley<br />

James Gillroy<br />

Catharine Gillroy<br />

Alica Gillroy<br />

Mary Gillroy<br />

Eliza Genn<br />

Maria Gic<br />

Christian Guffer<br />

OAAen Galvin<br />

Martha Gillroy<br />

Patrick Gilmore<br />

John Hines<br />

Christian Hoover<br />

John HoAvard<br />

Wm. HoAver<br />

Catharine Hower and chhV

A. Henderson<br />

Calvin Hooban<br />

Capt. J. Hayward<br />

Kenon Hooban<br />

Goodlip Hoar<br />

John Henchey<br />

Betsey Hancock<br />

Bridget Halpin<br />

Mary Halpin<br />

Ellen Halpin<br />

Powlis Horto<br />

Rachael Hooban<br />

Catharine Hughes<br />

Rixhard Hull<br />

John Hogan<br />

Alvin Hoyt<br />

Henry Holden<br />

Halpin<br />

Henry Ingle<br />

Jones<br />

Wm. W. Jewell<br />

Enoch Kerr<br />

Mr. Killmartin<br />

Mulough Kittich<br />

James Kelsey<br />

Austin Kelsey<br />

Wm. Kalory<br />

Mrs. Kelmer<br />

Mr. Linker<br />

John Lefler<br />

Catharine Leffler<br />

George Lefler<br />

Frank Lefler<br />

Conrad Lefler<br />

Mrs. Elizabeth Lee<br />

John Lee, Monroeville<br />

Wm. Lee and Avife<br />

James Laughlin<br />

Jacob Lay<br />

Almon Lefler<br />

Rodney Lathrop<br />

Emeline Lathrop<br />

Thomas Lubin<br />

Mrs. Lose<br />

Sophia Lemmon<br />

Charles Lampson<br />

Wm. Laughlin<br />

Ann Large<br />

HISTORY<br />

OF ERIE COUNTY " 189<br />

Patrick Laden<br />

Miss Lamson<br />

Francis Lochran<br />

Patrick McGoldrick<br />

Bridget McGoldrick<br />

Elizabeth McGoldrick<br />

Frank McGoldrick<br />

TAVO children <strong>of</strong> Bronson Martin<br />

B. Mannes<br />

Eliza Miller<br />

J. Mullet<br />

J. W. Muenscher<br />

Patrick McBride<br />

Henry Michline<br />

Michael Michline<br />

Michael Mullen<br />

Mrs. Michline<br />

D. McKarral<br />

Ann McCoy<br />

Susan Mulaney<br />

Catharine Miller<br />

Dorothy Miller<br />

Roxana Moorehouse<br />

John Mulany<br />

Nicholas Meigler<br />

Dorothy Meigler<br />

Henry Meigler<br />

Lucy Meigler<br />

Bridget Meigler<br />

Bridget McGurl<br />

Catharine McKearney<br />

Joseph McBride<br />

Charles McBride<br />

Michael McBride<br />

Jane McBride<br />

Mary McManer<br />

Mary Morigan<br />

John W. Meredith<br />

Catharine Miller<br />

Elizabeth Marshall<br />

Patrick Murphy<br />

Mary Murphey<br />

William Murphey<br />

Patrick McCabe<br />

Wm. McDade<br />

John W. Megle<br />

John McGoldrick<br />

Wm. McGoldrick

190 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Ann McGoldrick<br />

John McGoldrick, Jr.<br />

Huey McGoldrick<br />

Helen Mull in<br />

Cornelius J. Marsh<br />

Rebecca Marsh<br />

Rev. B. W. Miller<br />

Barrett Mine<br />

Henry Miller<br />

J. C. Mitchell<br />

A. Millinbaker<br />

James McElroy<br />

Mrs. McDade<br />

J. Norton<br />

Casper Newman<br />

Jacob Nott<br />

Mary Nuse<br />

C.G.Norton<br />

John V. Nickolai<br />

John Numan<br />

John OAven<br />

Bridget OAVCII<br />

Mary E. Overall<br />

•k. O'Brien<br />

J. Platz<br />

E. W. Pierce<br />

Pierce<br />

J. L. Patrick<br />

Mrs, Martha Pierson<br />

Elizabeth Patrick<br />

Noble Pierce<br />

Valentine Pict<br />

John Pict<br />

Henry Parker<br />

Mary Perkins<br />

Mary Priss<br />

Henry Parks<br />

Jacob Pearsol<br />

John Ponant<br />

F. Quinn<br />

Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Redis<br />

John Remburgh<br />

Catharine Ragen<br />

Nancy Ragen<br />

L. D. Rosegrants<br />

Saphrona Rheinheimer<br />

Fredonia Rheinheimer<br />

S. Ross<br />

J. Rion and child<br />

AndreAv Share ,<br />

Sophia Silva<br />

Catharine Smith<br />

Jacob Seaman<br />

P. Sadeu<br />

G. Smith<br />

J. Schnecke<br />

Catharine Schnecke<br />

Henry B. Shook<br />

John Shook<br />

John Stewart<br />

Thomas SteAvart<br />

Catharine Shoemaker<br />

John Smith and child<br />

Christian Schirminor<br />

Barbara Sterf<br />

S. Sheebley<br />

Mary Sheebley<br />

Jacob Sheebley<br />

M. Sheller<br />

Joseph Smith<br />

Rosa Smith<br />

James Sulivan<br />

Mary Sulivan<br />

Mary A. Serica<br />

Dr. A. Simmons<br />

Mr. Sadler<br />

Mrs. A. Shaulf<br />

Mary Shorp<br />

Jacob D. Smith<br />

Mr. Shelter<br />

Wm. ToAvnsend<br />

Sarah ToAvnsend<br />

Maria ToAvnsend<br />

John D. Tilton<br />

Martin Tahaney<br />

Henry Thomas<br />

Joshua Thompson<br />

Wm. Temple<br />

Elizabeth Tool<br />

Patrick Tool<br />

Benj. D. Tilden<br />

Barbara Toiler<br />

A child <strong>of</strong> LaAvrence Tool<br />

Mr. Tracy<br />

M. Tompkins<br />

Elizabeth VonSiek

Rev. IT. P. Ward<br />

George Willis<br />

Es<strong>the</strong>r E. Walter<br />

F. W. We<strong>the</strong>rell<br />

Mrs. Celina We<strong>the</strong>rell<br />

A. Walter<br />

John Wheeler<br />

Capt. Richard Weeden<br />

G. W. Williams<br />

Margaret Williams<br />

Henry D. Ward<br />

John Wice<br />

Mrs. Whitman<br />

Rachael Wright<br />

Win. IT. Wright<br />

Death among <strong>the</strong> colored<br />

Cornelia Adams<br />

C. Brawdy<br />

John Johnson<br />

David Burner<br />

Edward SteAvart<br />

Julia A. Lott<br />

Charlott Lott<br />

Eliza Lott<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 191<br />

Following is a list <strong>of</strong> names those <strong>of</strong> Avho died in <strong>the</strong> cholera <strong>of</strong> 1852:<br />

Catharine Mohler<br />

Helen Hand<br />

Clark Hand<br />

Geo. Williamson<br />

Wakeman Dibble<br />

Henry Wilkinson<br />

Robert Wilkinson<br />

Mrs. Baumann<br />

German* Avoman<br />

Jacob Hail<br />

Geo. W. Attiger<br />

Francis Soutberland<br />

Anna Schneider<br />

Marie Friedrich<br />

Ph. Sellwein<br />

Lena Kieger<br />

Mrs. Gordon<br />

Thomas Gordon<br />

Christian Forwalter<br />

Anna Folmvalter<br />

IT. E. Thomas<br />

Jane Wilber<br />

Amanda Warner<br />

John Wyble<br />

Cyrus Williams, Springfield<br />

Henry Wilson<br />

Jacob Wice?<br />

Nicholas Woolmershied<br />

Mrs. Woolmershied<br />

John Wood<br />

Mrs. Wood<br />

Joseph William, Fremont<br />

John Welch<br />

George Williams<br />

Frederick Wells<br />

Eliza Zimmerman<br />

George Lott<br />

Elijah Dempsey<br />

Marietta Johnson<br />

Mr. Dean and child<br />

Mr. Cadosa<br />

Mr. Ferguson<br />

Isaac Dean<br />

Miss Dempsey<br />

Robert Ogilby<br />

M. Weed<br />

Gressin<br />

Hospital funeral<br />

Van Hansen<br />

James Gordon<br />

Mary Bailey<br />

Woodbury<br />

Christiane Klein<br />

M<strong>of</strong>fat child<br />

Jacob Sprant<br />

Johannes Hepp<br />

Johann M<strong>of</strong>fat<br />

' German Avoman<br />

*W. Knox<br />

Karl Minger<br />

Andreas Hagelt<br />

Louise Magle, child<br />

Mathias Rieger<br />

George Hess<br />

Mrs. Koenig

192 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

T. E. Davis<br />

Amanda Ebersoll<br />

Carl Menger<br />

Joseph Kild<br />

Isaac A. Mills<br />

Louise Miller<br />

Peter Frick<br />

Schumacher child<br />

Abdr. Hasselbach<br />

Rogers<br />

Conrad Ulrich<br />

Catharine Ulrich<br />

John 0. Merry<br />

Miss Quinn<br />

Jacob Murphy<br />

A German<br />

Dr. J. Conwell<br />

John Suck<br />

Thomas Bloomfield<br />

Fr. Hope<br />

John Schott<br />

Mrs. Braun<br />

A German in CamptOAvn<br />

Catharine Ulrich<br />

Henry W. Klein<br />

Joseph Large<br />

George Bauer<br />

Susanne Pine<br />

M. Schauler<br />

German emigrant<br />

Mrs. Grossman<br />

John Watson<br />

German<br />

Mrs. Fischer<br />

German woman<br />

Child <strong>of</strong> Dr. Enderle<br />

Rebecca Knotel<br />

John Schelb<br />

Elizabeth Helmstaetter<br />

Louise Cook<br />

Sophia Limpke<br />

Andr. Miller<br />

Miss Enderle<br />

Samuel Cummings<br />

• Maria Fohrwalter<br />

Martin Hopfinger<br />

Benj. Spittel<br />

Gray child<br />

Mary Ebert<br />

Ralph Cannington<br />

Johann Hintz<br />

Mrs. David PoAvers<br />

John Porter<br />

Chas. Lehr<br />

M. Helmstaedt<br />

M. Buch<br />

Bessa Wegener<br />

Elisab. Porter<br />

Martin Wilborn<br />

Geo. Wegemer<br />

Franc Brown<br />

Thomas Dunn<br />

Christ Fritz<br />

Pat. Mullen<br />

Adam Ocker<br />

Conrad Ocker<br />

Eduard Francis<br />

Cohrad Krug<br />

Mrs. Lang ,<br />

Mrs. Fischer<br />

Child <strong>of</strong> Isaac E. Little<br />

Mrs. F. Davidson<br />

Murphy child<br />

Elis. Schuck<br />

Christian Heirt<br />

Susan Cunningham<br />

John Kinney<br />

A German from <strong>the</strong> hospital<br />

A third visitation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera occurred in 1854 at which time<br />

tAventy-five fell victims to this dreadful plague.<br />

Thomas Ross<br />

M. F. Kenny<br />

Child <strong>of</strong> D. Babcock<br />

George Glenk<br />

LIST FROM CHOLERA OF 1854<br />

Alexander Noble<br />

Amelia Dutton<br />

Mary Wolf<br />

LeAvis Hagle

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 193<br />

Philip Kunts John Sch<strong>of</strong>lfer"<br />

A. Kees Peter Roth<br />

Mrs. Bessa Mrs. G. Booron<br />

Child <strong>of</strong> R. Culbuts Mrs. Littleton<br />

Geo. Collins (child) B. Brown<br />

Stranger and child Child <strong>of</strong> Blosier's<br />

Emma Dutton B. Myers<br />

C. Essays Philip Lang<br />

Child <strong>of</strong> W. Stokes<br />

Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early settlers remember vividly <strong>the</strong> cholera year <strong>of</strong> 1849.<br />

Mrs. Angeline Miller says:<br />

"I AA'as born in 1830, and will be 85 in April, and came here in 1833.<br />

We first lived in a log house on Water Street, and <strong>the</strong>n over a blacksmith<br />

shop. There Avere many Indians here <strong>the</strong>n. I do not remember<br />

<strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tribe, but <strong>the</strong>y Avore rings in <strong>the</strong>ir noses. They had tents<br />

where <strong>the</strong> Avine cellars are noAV situated in <strong>the</strong> Avest end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city. I<br />

lived on Market Street in 1849. The people died like flies. They hauled<br />

<strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> dead on drays, three or four to a load. They buried over one<br />

hundred in one trench about three c<strong>of</strong>fins deep, with a few inches <strong>of</strong> dirt<br />

on top. More than thirty died in one day. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> c<strong>of</strong>fins were made<br />

<strong>of</strong> unplaned boards, and <strong>the</strong>y set <strong>the</strong>m^n <strong>the</strong> cemetery and left <strong>the</strong>m<br />

unburied till <strong>the</strong> Avea<strong>the</strong>r cooled <strong>of</strong>f. The cholera filled up <strong>the</strong> old cemetery<br />

in Avest end so that <strong>the</strong>y ceased burying <strong>the</strong>re after 1849. Many <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> bodies were moved to Oakland later. They began to remove <strong>the</strong><br />

tombstones Avhen <strong>the</strong> AA'ar broke out. One man took some <strong>of</strong> those tombstones<br />

away and made sidewalks out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. There Avas one grave left<br />

<strong>the</strong>re, a vault that Avas <strong>the</strong>re in <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1914, and <strong>the</strong> headstone sat<br />

beside it marking Avhere a colored man Avas buried. My cousin Margaret<br />

Doerflinger died <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera.''<br />

John W. Holland says:<br />

"I AA'as born in 1824, and came to Sandusky in 1832. In <strong>the</strong> cholera<br />

year <strong>of</strong> 1849 every day looked like Sunday. We went to <strong>the</strong> country to<br />

live for tAvo Aveeks, <strong>the</strong>n Ave came back and found <strong>the</strong> cholera as bad as<br />

when Ave left. This was in July <strong>of</strong> 1849. Thirty-three died in one day.<br />

The c<strong>of</strong>fins Avere made at <strong>the</strong> shops <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky, Mansfield & NeAvark<br />

Railroad Company, which is UOAV <strong>the</strong> B. & 0., by a man named Lathrop.<br />

He lived on Adams Street, across <strong>the</strong> street from me. You could buy<br />

nothing to eat because <strong>the</strong> grocery stores Avere not open. Foster Follett<br />

was <strong>the</strong>n Mayor. A man named, Hathaway went away and left his<br />

grocery store and Foster Follett forced <strong>the</strong> store open and placed a man<br />

in charge to sell <strong>the</strong> goods and settled Avith Hathaway Avhen he came<br />

back. At this time <strong>the</strong> toAvn extended south as far as Jefferson Street,<br />

but one stone house Avas all <strong>the</strong>re was south <strong>of</strong> Adams Street,-and that<br />

is still standing on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Jefferson Street. On <strong>the</strong> west <strong>the</strong><br />

toAvn was bounded by Camp Street, and on <strong>the</strong> east <strong>the</strong> town extended<br />

nearly to <strong>the</strong> bay. East Market Street Avas an aristocratic section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

town till <strong>the</strong> S. M. & N. Railroad came through. They buried about 75<br />

Vol. i— is

194 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

in one trench in <strong>the</strong> old cemetery, mostly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> poor people. Dr. Tilden<br />

and Dr. Austin were here <strong>the</strong>n and Dr. Elwood Stanley came here from<br />

Cleveland to fight <strong>the</strong> cholera. They took <strong>the</strong> old High School building<br />

for a hospital which stood south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Congregational Church on<br />

<strong>the</strong> west side <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue. Just as soon as a person died <strong>the</strong>yr<br />

took <strong>the</strong>m to <strong>the</strong> cemetery in wagons or drays. There were no hearses.<br />

Some were buried in boxes <strong>of</strong> unplaned boards, and some were buried<br />

without c<strong>of</strong>fins, and simply wrapped in sheets. After <strong>the</strong> worst <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

cholera was over Lathrop and his two daughters died. At that time<br />

south <strong>of</strong> Jefferson Street Avas all hazel bushes. And <strong>the</strong> people used to<br />

hunt rabbits <strong>the</strong>re.''<br />

John S. Rice says:<br />

"I was born in 1838. I have ahvays lived in Sandusky. I remember<br />

<strong>the</strong> old Cholera time. They buried <strong>the</strong>m three deep in <strong>the</strong> trench which<br />

contained seventy-five or eighty corpses and Avas about forty feet long and<br />

as wide as <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> a c<strong>of</strong>fin.<br />

"South <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Congregational Church on <strong>the</strong> Courthouse square<br />

was <strong>the</strong> old High School. Then around <strong>the</strong> corner on Adams street<br />

opposite <strong>the</strong> present residence <strong>of</strong> Dr. Parker Avas a small frame building<br />

called <strong>the</strong> unclassified school. Then came a little German church. Then<br />

on Jackson street was <strong>the</strong> old Methodist church with cupola and bell.<br />

Then <strong>the</strong> Beatty church afterward <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>ran church on <strong>the</strong> Northwest<br />

corner.<br />

"On <strong>the</strong> opposite square beginning at <strong>the</strong> Episcopal church next<br />

South was <strong>the</strong> little church later used by <strong>the</strong> Baptists; <strong>the</strong>n around on<br />

Adams street <strong>the</strong> Albreit or Zollinger church; <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> Blue Grammar<br />

school; <strong>the</strong>n Enszlin's church; <strong>the</strong>n came <strong>the</strong> old Court House which<br />

was originally built for an academy but was never used as such. Then<br />

East <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old court house was a little German church facing North near<br />

where <strong>the</strong> present High School stands."<br />

Lorenzo D. Anthony says:<br />

"I was born in 1827 and came^ to Sandusky in 1832. I was here all<br />

through <strong>the</strong> cholera time. I remember asking <strong>the</strong> sexton how many were<br />

buried in that trench before it was finished and he said about forty at<br />

that time. I saw several buried. They were buried two or three deep<br />

and not half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m had even boxes to cover <strong>the</strong>m. We lived on Camp<br />

Street <strong>the</strong>n and I saw many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> funerals. The list given by <strong>the</strong><br />

Clarion was not complete. There Avere many strangers here <strong>the</strong>n who<br />

died shortly after <strong>the</strong>ir arrival and no record was kept. I think <strong>the</strong>re<br />

were at least a hundred deaths not given in that list. They began stealing<br />

<strong>the</strong> gravestones about 1852 or 1853. There are many bodies still<br />

out <strong>the</strong>re that Avere never removed to Oakland Cemetery. No bodies were<br />

ever taken from <strong>the</strong> trench and it was never opened to my knowledge.<br />

I have lived here since 1832."<br />

The Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong> December, 1849, quotes <strong>the</strong> following from<br />

<strong>the</strong> New York Evangelist, under date <strong>of</strong> Sandusky City, October 24,1849:<br />

"Sandusky is literally a city <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead. My heart was fairly<br />

sickened today at <strong>the</strong> recital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> aAvful havoc <strong>the</strong> cholera had made in

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 195<br />

this place. When it broke out here it fell upon <strong>the</strong>m like a thunder boalt.<br />

It seemed almost audibly to crash upon <strong>the</strong>m. If <strong>the</strong> billows <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea<br />

had been breaking in upon <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong>ir consternation could have been no<br />

greater. They fled in every direction. Of 5,600 inhabitants only 1,000<br />

remained. Of this remnant about 400 died. So malignant Avas <strong>the</strong><br />

epidemic that it Avas no unusual thing for business men to be attacked<br />

in <strong>the</strong>ir shops and stores, go to <strong>the</strong> cabinet Avarehouse and engage <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

c<strong>of</strong>fins, and <strong>the</strong>n go home, lie down and die before <strong>the</strong>ir c<strong>of</strong>fins could get<br />

<strong>the</strong>re. Not less than five ordained ministers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gospel were among its<br />

victims."

SANDUSKY IN 1846<br />

CHAPTER XV<br />

SANDUSKY (CONTINUED)<br />

IIOAVC thus describes Sandusky and <strong>the</strong> churches in 1846: "The<br />

Methodist Episcopal church, a small frame building, and <strong>the</strong> first built,<br />

Avas erected in 1830; <strong>the</strong> Episcopal and Presbyterian churches in 1835;<br />

<strong>the</strong> Wesleyan chapel in 1836, and <strong>the</strong> rest since. Sandusky contains 1<br />

Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Congregational, 1 Reformed Methodist, 1 Catholic<br />

and 1 German Lu<strong>the</strong>ran church, 1 high school, a large number <strong>of</strong><br />

dry goods and grocery stores, several forwarding and commission houses,<br />

2 furnaces. 1 oil mill, 2 extensive machine shops for <strong>the</strong> manufacture <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> iron for railroad cars, 2 printing <strong>of</strong>fices, 2 banks, and a population<br />

estimated at 3,000. This town is now very thriving, and promises to<br />

be, ere many years, a large city. A great impetus has been given to its<br />

prosperity by <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> tAvo railroads Avhich terminate here;<br />

<strong>the</strong> first, <strong>the</strong> Mad River and <strong>the</strong> Little Miami railroad, connects it Avith<br />

<strong>Cincinnati</strong>; <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r connects it with Mansfield, from which place it is<br />

constructing through Mount Vernon and Newark to Columbus; a branch<br />

Avill diverge from NeAvark to Zanesville. This last is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best built<br />

railroads in <strong>the</strong> country, and is doing a very heavy transportation business.<br />

The commerce <strong>of</strong> Sandusky City is heavy, and constantly increasing.<br />

The arrivals at this port in 1846 were 447; clearances, 441; and<br />

843,746 bushels <strong>of</strong> Avheat were among <strong>the</strong> articles exported. On <strong>the</strong> farm<br />

<strong>of</strong> Isaac A. Mills, Avest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town, are some ancient mounds and works.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> late Canadian 'patriot war,' this city AA-as a rendezvous for 'patriots;'<br />

<strong>the</strong>y had an action on <strong>the</strong> ice near Point-au-Peele Isle, and Avith<br />

British cavalry in <strong>the</strong> Avinter <strong>of</strong> 1838. They were under Captain Bradley<br />

<strong>of</strong> this city, who has since commanded a company <strong>of</strong> volunteers in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avar with Mexico. In this action <strong>the</strong> 'patriots' behaved Avith cool<br />

bravery, and although attacked by a superior force, delivered <strong>the</strong>ir fire<br />

with steadiness, and repelled <strong>the</strong>ir enemy Avith considerable loss."<br />

On May 13,1882, Mr. C. C. Keech informs <strong>the</strong> Register that when he<br />

came to Sandusky in 1847 <strong>the</strong> parks had a post and bar fence all around<br />

<strong>the</strong>m, Avith no opening through east and AA'est. The next improvement<br />

AA'as to tear doAvn that fence and build a circular picket fence with no<br />

street through east and west, and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> next improvement Avas to tear<br />

doAvn <strong>the</strong> fence some time in <strong>the</strong> '60s.<br />

The folloAving invitation to attend a reception to President-elect<br />

Zachary Taylor was presumably an elaborate affair <strong>of</strong> 1848:<br />

196

"OLD ZACH'S PTARTY."<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 197<br />

"You are respectfully invited to attend a party to be given at Mc-<br />

Kenster & Boynton's Exchange at seven o'cloek on Wednesday evening,<br />

November 29th, in honor <strong>of</strong> General Zachary Taylor, President-elect <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> United States. Managers: J. B. Camp, Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, Daniel<br />

Tilden, A. II. Moss, George Reber, W. II. Caswell, E. F. Osborne, S. S.<br />

Hosmer, Pitt Cooke, C. S. Higgins, George Thomas, A. Lytle, L. S. Hubbard,<br />

William Durbin, J. A. Camp, Jr., J. W. Hollister, James B. Monroe,<br />

C. S. Parks, J. N. Newell, L. N. Gibbs, William Hollister, G. E. French,<br />

E. II. We<strong>the</strong>rell. Carriages will be in attendance at six P. M. precisely.<br />

Sandusky City, November 22, 1848." (McKenster & Boynton's Exchange<br />

was <strong>the</strong> hotel formerly knoAvn as Colt's Exchange.)<br />

CARNEGIE LIBRARY, SANDUSKY<br />

In 1851 <strong>the</strong> prominent commission merchants were L. S. & L. F.<br />

Hubbard, Sheldon & Co., Boalt & G/bbs, S. W. Butler & Co., Henderson<br />

& Pettibone, August Smith & Co., and A. H. Barber. At <strong>the</strong> west end<br />

<strong>of</strong> Water Street were <strong>the</strong> machine shops <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River Road, employing<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> workmen in building locomotives and cars. The<br />

Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad shops at <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> Water<br />

Street employed many men in <strong>the</strong> same work until <strong>the</strong> road was leased to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Baltin$>re & Ohio Railroad Company. The firm <strong>of</strong> We<strong>the</strong>rell &<br />

Leonard, in <strong>the</strong> west end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, Avere extensive manufacturers <strong>of</strong><br />

railroad cars and passenger coaches until <strong>the</strong>y AA'ere ruined by <strong>the</strong> failure<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Illinois Central Railroad to pay <strong>the</strong>m $<strong>20</strong>0,000 for cars <strong>the</strong>y had<br />

built. This failure Avas <strong>the</strong> first severe blow <strong>the</strong> business interests <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky received. The D. C. Henderson Company MoAver and Reaper<br />

Works employed a large number <strong>of</strong> men, but had not sufficient capital to<br />

compete with <strong>the</strong> McCormicks.<br />

Barney Occoback & Torrey employed a number <strong>of</strong> men in <strong>the</strong>ir wood<br />

Avorks and organized <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Wheel Works, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> largest con-

198 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

cern <strong>of</strong> its kind in <strong>the</strong> state. The destruction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> factory by fire,<br />

toge<strong>the</strong>r with tire .exhaustion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wood supply, explains <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong><br />

that plant. About this time <strong>the</strong> city gave <strong>the</strong> Gay Shipyard Company<br />

<strong>the</strong> extensive grounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> East Battery and $15,000 to start a shipyard<br />

on <strong>the</strong> premises IIOAV occupied by <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Tool Company.<br />

This was <strong>the</strong> first tramp enterprise assisted by our people that failed,<br />

and Avas <strong>the</strong> predecessor <strong>of</strong> a long string <strong>of</strong> successive failures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

same kind.<br />

J. 13. & II. P. Radeliffe manufactured extensively candles, Avhich, toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Avith camphene and sperm oil, Avere <strong>the</strong> only means <strong>of</strong> illumination<br />

at that time.<br />

The grocers Avere Whitney & We<strong>the</strong>rell, Porter & Lytle, S. S. Hosmer<br />

& Co., W. A. Simpson, Barber & Berry, Radeliffe & Co., Casper, Parsons<br />

& Co., Geiersdorf & Co. and Nathan Bear.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> war Winterstein & Arndt manufactured woodenware<br />

until a fire destroyed <strong>the</strong>ir factory. After <strong>the</strong> factory was rebuilt<br />

D. M. Arndt continued <strong>the</strong> business, adding fish packages and butter tubs<br />

until <strong>the</strong> supply <strong>of</strong> timber Avas exhausted.<br />

The dry goods merchants Avere W. T. & A. K. West, Charles Converse,<br />

Monroe & Peck, John N. Sloane, Everett & Drake, Hubbard, Shepard &<br />

Wilcox, T. D. West, C. E. & G. A. Cooke, and D. M. Arndt & Co.<br />

Before <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West House, <strong>the</strong> ToAvnsend House, later<br />

called <strong>the</strong> Mississippi Hotel, after <strong>the</strong> steamboat Mississippi; <strong>the</strong> Colt's<br />

Exchange, renamed <strong>the</strong> St. Lawrence Hotel, after <strong>the</strong> steamer St. LaAVrence;<br />

<strong>the</strong> Veranda Hotel, <strong>the</strong> Mansion House, <strong>the</strong> Exchange and <strong>the</strong><br />

Steamboat Hotel at <strong>the</strong> west end <strong>of</strong> Water Street Avere <strong>the</strong> principal<br />

hotels <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> December 31, 1851, describes <strong>the</strong> census taken by<br />

George S. Patterson, shoAving Sandusky Avith a population <strong>of</strong> 7,901. The<br />

Register <strong>of</strong> December 8, 1851, SIIOAVS this population divided as folloAvs:<br />

American 3,435<br />

Germans 2,188<br />

Irish 1,849<br />

English 277<br />

Blacks 106<br />

Miscellaneous 46<br />

Total 7,901<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> June 21, 1852, described <strong>the</strong> Bay City Mills, <strong>the</strong>n in<br />

process <strong>of</strong> erection on Jackson Street Avharf, by Henderson & Pettibone.<br />

The main building Avas 60 by 40 feet, four stories high, with Avings for<br />

storing grain on each side extending its Avhole length and capable <strong>of</strong><br />

storing 30,000 bushels <strong>of</strong> wheat, with a capacity <strong>of</strong> about 400 barrels <strong>of</strong><br />

flour a day. At this time vessels would go to Venice and load as much<br />

as <strong>the</strong> shalloAvness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avater would alloAv <strong>the</strong>m, and <strong>the</strong>n come doAvn<br />

to Sandusky and complete <strong>the</strong>ir cargo at <strong>the</strong> Bay City Mills.

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<strong>20</strong>0 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Joshua B. Davis says: " I came here in 1854. The Wayne House at<br />

<strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Wayne Street Avas <strong>the</strong> old St. LaAvrence Hotel. There Avas a<br />

stone flour mill on <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong> Water Street, near Franklin, where<br />

<strong>the</strong> B. & 0. now is. The Euterpian Hall AA'as <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ater <strong>the</strong>n on <strong>the</strong> third<br />

floor over <strong>the</strong> American Express Co. on Water Street. The Empire House<br />

AA-as <strong>the</strong> hotel afterAvard knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Mansion House, kept by R. E. Colt.<br />

This building was on sou<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> Franklin and Market streets.<br />

'' The strap railroad came in on Water Street, and ran doAvn to <strong>the</strong><br />

corner <strong>of</strong> Wayne and was <strong>the</strong> road to Republic and Bellevue. The Mad<br />

River depot AA'as in a frame building Avhere <strong>the</strong> Big Four depot now<br />

stands. The old Veranda Hotel had nothing betAA'een it and <strong>the</strong><br />

bay. The bay came up to Water Street, and in a storm <strong>the</strong> Avaves<br />

broke over <strong>the</strong> railroad. The old Bay City Mills stood where Booth &<br />

Co.'s fish shanty is IIOAV at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue, and boats Avould<br />

go up to Venice and partially load Avith flour and <strong>the</strong>n come doAvn to <strong>the</strong><br />

Bay City Mills and finish <strong>the</strong>ir load. The old Congregational Church<br />

on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> square Avas built over a former church, which had<br />

steps on <strong>the</strong> outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building. The old High School Building to<br />

<strong>the</strong> south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congregational Church Avas used as a cholera hospital in<br />

1852 and 1854."<br />

The Sandusky Directory <strong>of</strong> 1855 contains <strong>the</strong> following: "In railroad<br />

enterprises Sandusky was <strong>the</strong> pioneer city Avest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Allegheny<br />

mountains. The Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad, connecting this point<br />

Avith Dayton and <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, AA'as <strong>the</strong> first commenced in <strong>the</strong> Western<br />

States. With <strong>the</strong> completion ^<strong>of</strong> this road began <strong>the</strong> career <strong>of</strong> success<br />

Avhich has since advanced Sandusky to a commercial position <strong>of</strong> primary<br />

importance. O<strong>the</strong>r railways have since been built, East, West and South,<br />

connecting her with all <strong>the</strong> principal towns and cities in those directions.<br />

The Cleveland & Toledo Railroad has recently been completed, affording<br />

a direct connection with <strong>the</strong> each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se cities, and forming an important<br />

link in <strong>the</strong> great 'south-shore line' <strong>of</strong> railway uniting <strong>the</strong> Atlantic<br />

seaboard with <strong>the</strong> Mississippi river. The Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark<br />

Railroad has been in operation several years.<br />

'' Gas works erected in 1855. The erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gas works by Messrs.<br />

Lockwood & Co. during <strong>the</strong> past year has been <strong>of</strong> vast improvement and<br />

benefit to <strong>the</strong> city. Nearly five miles <strong>of</strong> street mains (pipes) have been<br />

laid during <strong>the</strong> season. The construction <strong>of</strong> water works, by which pure<br />

lake water will be introduced into every street and house, is a necessity<br />

now forcing itself upon <strong>the</strong> attention <strong>of</strong> our citizens; and doubtless a<br />

favorable action upon <strong>the</strong> subject will be taken before long by <strong>the</strong> authorities."<br />

This picture represents Sandusky about 1855. Beginning at <strong>the</strong> West<br />

House, going south, <strong>the</strong> next building was a two-story frame building<br />

containing Adam Smith's bakery (now between <strong>the</strong> Ramsey flat and<br />

SchAveinfurth's grocery), <strong>the</strong>n an alley, <strong>the</strong>n a stone building Avith outside<br />

stairs, containing <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Bank, <strong>the</strong>n a one-story saloon building,<br />

<strong>the</strong>n a saddler's shop, <strong>the</strong>n Robinson & Brown's grocery, all one-story<br />

frame buildings. Where <strong>the</strong> post<strong>of</strong>fice stands was a two-story frame

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY <strong>20</strong>1<br />

building containing Mrs. Quick's millinery shop and George Reber's<br />

laAV <strong>of</strong>fice. Then two or three small houses, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m Doctor Donahue's<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice. Then a tAvo-story brick building occupied by Doctor Mc­<br />

Meens. Then on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>the</strong> house and garden <strong>of</strong> Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke.<br />

Beginning at <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and Water<br />

Street, <strong>the</strong>re Avas a tAvo-story frame building with <strong>the</strong> hardAvare store <strong>of</strong><br />

W. V. Moss, <strong>the</strong>n a one-story frame building occupied by <strong>the</strong> Moss Bank,<br />

<strong>the</strong>n a one-story cobbler's shop, <strong>the</strong>n Nellie BroAvn's grocery, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong><br />

Moss Bank Building under process <strong>of</strong> erection Avhere <strong>the</strong> Donahue hard-<br />

Avare store is noAV, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> alley, <strong>the</strong>n a book store, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong><br />

Giddings, Converse & Giddings in <strong>the</strong> old Cooke house, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> onestory<br />

brick Union Bank Building, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> Union Block, noAV part <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Cooke Block, <strong>the</strong>n a rough white stone building where-Lane, Stone<br />

& Lane and Mackey & McLouth had <strong>the</strong>ir IIIAV <strong>of</strong>fices. Where <strong>the</strong> Interurban<br />

station IIOAV stands Avas a one-story frame building occupied by<br />

Mrs. Humphrey's millinery store, <strong>the</strong>n Francisco's harness shop, <strong>the</strong>n<br />

a stone residence occupied by S. E. Hitchcock, <strong>the</strong>n a COAV stable belonging<br />

to <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> David C. Campbell, <strong>the</strong> publisher <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion,<br />

Avhich stood on <strong>the</strong> corner.<br />

Beginning at <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> Washington Row came <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong><br />

A. F. Porter on <strong>the</strong> corner, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> General Mills, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong><br />

residence <strong>of</strong> Frank D. Parish, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Walter F. Stone.<br />

Crossing Columbus Avenue on Washington Row came, first, <strong>the</strong> residence<br />

and <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Doctor Cochran, <strong>the</strong>n a small brick building, <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong><br />

L. S. & J. T. Beecher, <strong>the</strong>n Beecher's residence (now <strong>the</strong> telephone <strong>of</strong>fice),<br />

and his garden extended to Jackson Street.<br />

The directory <strong>of</strong> 1858 shows <strong>the</strong> city had at that time tAvo breAveries,<br />

three dentists, twenty-two lawyers, six barbers, three banks, eleven shoe<br />

stores, eight dry goods stores, twenty-eight groceries, eleven hotels, four<br />

ncAvspapers, fifteen doctors, tAventy-seven saloons, fourteen churches.<br />

The directory <strong>of</strong> 1873 SIIOAVS fifteen attorneys, three banks, twelve<br />

barbers, thirty-five shoe stores, four breweries, fourteen dry goods stores,<br />

fifty-four groceries, nine hotels, fifteen doctors, ninety saloons, tAventy<br />

churches.<br />

The directory <strong>of</strong> 1874 SIIOAVS thirty-two shoe stores, tAventy-one kwyers,<br />

eighteen dry goods stores, forty-five groceries, fifteen hotels, eighteen<br />

doctors, five dentists, ninety-four saloons, five breweries, tAventy churches.<br />

SANDUSKY IN 1860<br />

The directory <strong>of</strong> 1860 gives <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> business establishments<br />

as folloAvs:<br />

J. M. Frisbie had a photograph gallery at 135 Water Street; W. V. *<br />

Latham Avas a merchant tailor at 145 Water Street. The Townsend<br />

House at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Decatur and Market Streets was <strong>the</strong>n conducted<br />

by J. E. Bourne. The toAvn had three breweries, one by E. G. P. Mittleberger<br />

at <strong>the</strong> Avest end <strong>of</strong> Water Street, Avhere also Philip Dauch had a<br />

breAvery. The third breAvery Avas on Harrison Street, kept by W. Fox.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY <strong>20</strong>3<br />

Schaub & Company made sash, doors and blinds on Railroad Street between<br />

Jackson and Columbus Avenue, and Peter Gilcher had a lumber<br />

yard on Water Street. The city had three neAvspapers, <strong>the</strong> Register and<br />

tAvo German Aveeklies, <strong>the</strong> Bay Stadt Demokrat and <strong>the</strong> Intelligenz Blatt.<br />

The city had tAventy-three laAvyers, L. S. & J. T. Beecher, J. G. Bigelow,<br />

Henry C. Bush, F. W. CogSAvell, J. W. Cowdrey, John J. Finch, Homer<br />

GoodAvin, A. W. Hendry, William Lane, Samuel LeAvis, O. C. McLouth,<br />

John Mackey, John G. Miller, S. Miner, Geo. Reber, Stryker, J. M.<br />

Root, E. B. Sadler, R. R. Sloane, W. F. Stone, T. Sullivan, S. C.<br />

Wheeler.<br />

It had three banks, Barney Hubbard & Durbin, Avho had a bank at<br />

<strong>20</strong> Columbus Avenue; Converse Bro<strong>the</strong>rs, Avho had a bank on Columbus<br />

Avenue, and Moss Bro<strong>the</strong>rs, AVIIO had a bank at 413 Columbus Avenue.<br />

The toAvn had thirty-five shoe stores and fifty-tAvo groceries. It had<br />

sixteen doctors, A. IT. Agard, A. Austin, C. Cochran, II. J. Donahue, C.<br />

Enderly, Philip Graefe, D. T. Kramer, I. Hargett, Lane, F. R.<br />

Lange, R. R. McMeens, II. D. Mann, I. V. Massey, F. E. Pape, Louis<br />

Silva, Mrs. M. A. VanTine.<br />

It also had sixty saloons.<br />

There Avere 11 Protestant churches and 3 Catholic churches and 14<br />

school buildings, <strong>of</strong> which five <strong>the</strong> high school, <strong>the</strong> first grammar, <strong>the</strong><br />

second grammar, <strong>the</strong> third grammar and <strong>the</strong> preparatory school stood<br />

on <strong>the</strong> public square Avhere <strong>the</strong> high school and courthouse IIOAV are.<br />

According to <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> March 9, 1863, <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong><br />

Market Street and Columbus Avenue, IIOAV occupied by <strong>the</strong> Commercial<br />

Bank, AVIIS <strong>the</strong>n occupied by <strong>the</strong> third stone building in Sandusky, <strong>the</strong><br />

back part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> F. D. Parish, <strong>the</strong>n standing, in 1863, Avhere<br />

<strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kingsbury Building does IIOAV, being <strong>the</strong> second stone<br />

building, Avhich Avas built in 1828. The old building which AA'as torn<br />

down to make room for <strong>the</strong> building IIOAV occupied by <strong>the</strong> Commercial<br />

Bank AVIIS begun in 1829 or 1830, for Dr. Anderson, Avho died <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

cholera in 1834, and AVIIS built by a Mr. Fairchild Avith stone brought<br />

from Castalia., Fairchild carried his OAVII stone and made his own mortar,<br />

and completed <strong>the</strong> building by <strong>the</strong> 4th <strong>of</strong> July, 1832, when a cannon<br />

AA*as fired from <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>. When <strong>the</strong> streets <strong>of</strong> Sandusky were laid out<br />

this building and <strong>the</strong> ToAvnsend House AA'ere landmarks. For many<br />

years it Avas occupied as a cabinet shop by West & Scovey and by a man<br />

named Ballard, Avho died <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera in 1849. In 1852 <strong>the</strong> Daily<br />

Register AVIIS born <strong>the</strong>re and Avas issued from <strong>the</strong>re for tAvo years. Later<br />

<strong>the</strong> building AVIIS used as a post<strong>of</strong>fice, and Homer Goodwin and o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

had <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>the</strong>re.<br />

The Sandusky resident <strong>of</strong> today will hardly appreciate <strong>the</strong> description<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parks given by <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> May 30, 1866. The Register<br />

says:<br />

"We Avould like to see <strong>the</strong> tAvo beautiful parks north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Court<br />

House and churches open to <strong>the</strong> public. When passing by on a warm<br />

day, tired and hot it is tantalizing to knoAv that you are forbidden to<br />

enter in and sit beneath <strong>the</strong> umbrageous trees and rest. Of course it

<strong>20</strong>4 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

was proper that <strong>the</strong>y should be closed while <strong>the</strong> trees Avere too small to<br />

afford shade, but IIOAV we can see no reason why <strong>the</strong>y should not be free<br />

to <strong>the</strong> citizens.<br />

"We understand that when <strong>the</strong> land was dedicated to <strong>the</strong> city it was<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> express condition that it should remain open. We presume<br />

that <strong>the</strong> city authorities intend to open <strong>the</strong>m soon. In behalf <strong>of</strong> many<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> citizens whoso desires Ave have heard expressed, Ave suggest <strong>the</strong><br />

matter for an early consideration. With a coat <strong>of</strong> Avhite wash upon<br />

<strong>the</strong> fences, a feAV graded Avalks, and several seats scattered through <strong>the</strong><br />

grounds, all <strong>of</strong> which Avould cost but a few dollars, <strong>the</strong>y would add<br />

much to <strong>the</strong> beauty <strong>of</strong> that part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, and to <strong>the</strong> happiness <strong>of</strong><br />

many people. We feel particularly anxious to have this attended to<br />

IIOAV, inasmuch as in about tAvo Aveeks our city Avill be croAvded' with<br />

strangers upon whom Ave should desire to make a favorable impression,<br />

and we can if we strive to. We presume that it is argued that <strong>the</strong> miserable<br />

swine and caltle, Avhich roam at will over our streets, Avould injure<br />

<strong>the</strong> parks if <strong>the</strong>y Avere open."<br />

In 1869 tin.* Sandusky Directory AVIIS combined Avith several o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

towns and published by A. Bailey. It SIIOAVS that at that time Sandusky<br />

had .15 lawyers, 2 banks, 8 barbers, 12 blacksmith shops, 4 book stores,<br />

29 shoe stores, 4 breAvcries, 5 clothing stores', 14 dry goods stores, 12 fish<br />

bouses, 6 furniture factories, 44 groceries, 12 hotels, 8 lumber dealers,<br />

10 milliners, 13 doctors, 7 restaurants, 134 saloons.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> panic <strong>of</strong> 1873 <strong>the</strong> labor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky AVIIS AVCII<br />

employed. The B. & 0. shops employed 180 hands, <strong>the</strong> C. S. & C. Rail-<br />

Avay 130, <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Machine and Agricultural Works 29, Butler's<br />

Planing Mill 30, Schoepfle's Sash and Blind Factory <strong>20</strong>, <strong>the</strong> Western<br />

School Supply Company 22, <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Wheel Company 135, Woolsey's<br />

Tool Company 50, <strong>the</strong> Butter Tub Factory 32, and Ryan, Johnson<br />

& Company 35. During that year <strong>the</strong> opera house Avas built.<br />

THE PUT-IN-BAY CABLE TELEGRAPH LINE<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> July 3, 1873, contains an account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> completion<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cable between Sandusky and Put-in-Bay, by <strong>the</strong> Put-in-Bay Telegraph<br />

Company, <strong>of</strong> Avhich F. G. Beach Avas president, Mrs. A. C. Mc­<br />

Meens secretary and treasurer, aiid W. II. Brimson was superintendent.<br />

The line Avas built by Geo. IT. Bliss <strong>of</strong> Chicago, and work upon it was<br />

commenced in May, 1873. The chief difficulty in construction was <strong>the</strong><br />

marshes on both sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay, where <strong>the</strong> Avorkmen Avere obliged to<br />

Avork in Avater and mud nearly to <strong>the</strong>ir shoulders. It took some time to<br />

properly splice <strong>the</strong> cable to <strong>the</strong> shore line, but when that was done and<br />

<strong>the</strong> cable was ready to pay out, it only required about tAventy-three<br />

minutes to pay out <strong>the</strong> entire three and one-half miles <strong>of</strong> cable. The<br />

steamer "Riverside" did <strong>the</strong> Avork, without a single accident. The cable<br />

runs nearly north and south and consists <strong>of</strong> seven No. 21 copper wires<br />

twisted spirally and forming a core insulated Avith gutta percha and

<strong>20</strong>6 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>the</strong>n a bedding <strong>of</strong> Avoven banding tarred, and outside <strong>of</strong> all an armor<br />

<strong>of</strong> ten No. 7 galvanized iron wires spirally laid. The diameter is fiveeighths<br />

<strong>of</strong> an inch and <strong>the</strong> Aveight 4,050 pounds to <strong>the</strong> mile. The Put-in-<br />

Bay terminus is near <strong>the</strong> steamboat landing and <strong>the</strong> cable strikes <strong>the</strong><br />

shore on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Mouse Island, a short distance from OttaAva<br />

City. Thence <strong>the</strong> line runs to a point about a mile east <strong>of</strong> Gypsum<br />

Station on <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore Railroad; <strong>the</strong>nce along <strong>the</strong> railroad line<br />

crossing <strong>the</strong> draAv by a short cable to <strong>the</strong> Big Four Railroad; <strong>the</strong>nce to<br />

<strong>the</strong> city, <strong>the</strong> line being about 19Vu miles long. The first despatch Avas<br />

sent June 25, 1873.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1873 a project was set on foot to establish a steel<br />

rolling mill at Sandusky, to manufacture Silicon steel rails. The<br />

Register <strong>of</strong> August 28 contains a five-column description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> process,<br />

which like many o<strong>the</strong>r subsequent projects went up like a rocket and<br />

came down like a stick. The mill Avas established south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lake<br />

Shore track on five acres <strong>of</strong> land contributed to it by Sandusky citizens<br />

and built with <strong>the</strong> proceeds <strong>of</strong> $165,000 Avorth <strong>of</strong> bonds subscribed for<br />

by Sandusky people. The sole remnant <strong>of</strong> this large expenditure at <strong>the</strong><br />

present time is <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project set forth in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> West<br />

vs. Klotz, 37 O. S. 4<strong>20</strong>, where an interesting point <strong>of</strong> law was settled.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> July 18, 1873, contains a two-column account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Wheel Company, whose buildings had just been<br />

finished at <strong>the</strong> southwest corner <strong>of</strong> Water and McDonough streets, but<br />

have since been destroyed by fire. It must have been some time. The<br />

Great Western Band was present and performed <strong>the</strong> Anvil Chorus with<br />

an anvil accompaniment, executed by workmen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> establishment.<br />

The assembled guests inspected <strong>the</strong> various departments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fourstory<br />

building and rode up and down <strong>the</strong> elevator. Mr. John R. Minor,<br />

<strong>the</strong> manager <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company, was presented with a gold-headed cane, and<br />

at nine o'clock in <strong>the</strong> morning in <strong>the</strong> third story some toasts were drank<br />

in champagne. The premises occupied an entire block on Water Street,<br />

one building being 136x99 feet. The first story was devoted to bending<br />

material and sawing and planing. The second story to wheel and hubmaking<br />

and bending, and <strong>the</strong> third story to manufacturing bodies, seats<br />

and gearings by <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Seat Company, <strong>the</strong> fourth story being<br />

used for storage.<br />

On July 4, 1879, <strong>the</strong>re Avas a Fourth <strong>of</strong> July celebration here and<br />

Gen. James A. Garfield Avas <strong>the</strong> orator <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> September 21, 1878, contains a complaint that <strong>the</strong><br />

town clock, <strong>the</strong>n located in <strong>the</strong> tower <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congregational Church,<br />

does not run, and says <strong>the</strong> clock cost $1,000.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> April 9, 1880, contained <strong>the</strong> following editorial about<br />

<strong>the</strong> old town clock: "Yesterday it was reported in our city columns<br />

that <strong>the</strong> old toAvn clock in <strong>the</strong> belfry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Congregational Church<br />

is to be sold and its proceed given to <strong>the</strong> Hospital. We question <strong>the</strong><br />

propriety <strong>of</strong> such a sale. Mrs. General W. H. Mills was <strong>the</strong> first donor to<br />

<strong>the</strong> fund for <strong>the</strong> purchase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> clock and <strong>the</strong> late Mrs. Martha Cooke

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY <strong>20</strong>7<br />

was <strong>the</strong> second. The two ladies gave $75 and it is doubtful if <strong>the</strong> clock<br />

would fetch that amount if sold. Mrs. Mills suggests and <strong>the</strong> proposition<br />

is more sensible than <strong>the</strong> proposition to sell that <strong>the</strong> clock be placed<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Fifth or Sixth Ward school house and used for <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> one<br />

<strong>of</strong> those wards."

CEDAR POINT<br />

CHAPTER XVI<br />

SANDUSKY (CONTINUED)<br />

In 1821, Peninsula Point, a promontory jutting out tOAvard Cedar<br />

Point from <strong>the</strong> shore this side <strong>of</strong> Marblehead, AVIIS a prominent landmark.<br />

The Avater <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake floAVed into <strong>the</strong> bay through a narroAv<br />

strait, not over 100 rods wide, formed by <strong>the</strong> projecting points. One <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> oldest inhabitants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, Mr. B. F. DAvelle, Avould tell <strong>of</strong> standing<br />

on Peninsula Point Avith'Miis rifle, and shooting at geese on Cedar<br />

Point. At this time <strong>the</strong> point in question rose above <strong>the</strong> Avater's level<br />

fifteen feet in great sand banks Avhere foxes burroAved and raised <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

young. These banks Avere just in <strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sloping beach and'<br />

beyond lay a strip <strong>of</strong> tall timber land, Avith a stretch <strong>of</strong> prairie reaching<br />

out to <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r shore. Then <strong>the</strong> Avater began to encroach on <strong>the</strong> point,<br />

and a marsh AVIIS formed that threatened to break <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> peninsula from<br />

<strong>the</strong> mainland. A crib <strong>of</strong> rocks and sand at considerable outlay <strong>of</strong> labor<br />

and capital Avas constructed to save it, but it AVIIS useless, and point and<br />

crib went under toge<strong>the</strong>r, and sand banks and trees AA'ere lost to vieAV<br />

beneath <strong>the</strong> rolling waves. At <strong>the</strong> present time Avhere <strong>the</strong> bold peninsula<br />

reared its head fifteen feet above <strong>the</strong> Avater, <strong>the</strong> AVIIVCS <strong>of</strong> old Lake<br />

Erie lie from six to ten feet in depth. In 1867 Mr. DAVCIIC walked across<br />

this spot on <strong>the</strong> ice forty or fifty rods from shore, and saAv through<br />

<strong>the</strong> transparent ice <strong>the</strong> remains <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old crib.<br />

Cedar Point was <strong>the</strong>n a bit <strong>of</strong> wild land seven miles long, sheltering<br />

by its long arms Sandusky Bay. It AVIIS covered with timber and a sandy<br />

beach edged <strong>the</strong> shore. There Avas at that time no large amount <strong>of</strong> navigation<br />

on <strong>the</strong> lake, and no lighthouse reared its head on <strong>the</strong> point to Avarn<br />

<strong>of</strong> danger.<br />

The Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong> January 30, 1830, contains <strong>the</strong> folloAving<br />

advertisement: "For Sale:—All <strong>of</strong> that valuable tract <strong>of</strong> land commonly<br />

called and knoAvn by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Cedar Point—this point <strong>of</strong> land in all<br />

1<strong>20</strong>0 acres, (one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peninsulas that form Sandusky Bay,) embraces<br />

many advantages to <strong>the</strong> speculator or farmer, it being principally covered<br />

with cedar, pine, oak(elm, Avhite Avood, bassAVOod, and o<strong>the</strong>r timber,<br />

not necessary to mention; toge<strong>the</strong>r Avith tAvo prairies, AA'here can be cut<br />

Avith ease one hundred tons <strong>of</strong> hay. The pine grove is young and thrifty.<br />

And a good part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cedar is fit for staves and shingles—<strong>the</strong> land fit<br />

for cultivation after having been cleared is about 80 acres. The fishing<br />

ground is probably <strong>the</strong> best within <strong>the</strong> boundary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spacious harbor<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky Bay—call and see—F. Devoe."<br />

<strong>20</strong>8

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY <strong>20</strong>9<br />

At that time Sandusky did not contain over forty houses and 300<br />

population and Mr. Devoe was a man <strong>of</strong> some prominence in <strong>the</strong> village.<br />

He Avas clerk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first election <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city and later taught school.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 5th day <strong>of</strong> November, 1823, contains an advertisement<br />

by him, that, unless he is paid by <strong>the</strong> children he taught, he will<br />

place <strong>the</strong> account in <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> an agent for collection. Later he kept<br />

a general store.<br />

Mr. Devoe may have had prophetic insight, but he was surely a<br />

prophet Avithout honor in his own country. The Clarion <strong>of</strong> March 6,<br />

1830, notes <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> Cedar Point by Mr. Devoe, and <strong>the</strong>re <strong>the</strong> matter<br />

rests until October 12, 1839, when at sheriff's sale A. M. Porter, after-<br />

Avard <strong>the</strong> proprietor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel, bought 440 acres appraised<br />

at $439.22 for $292.80; after that for nearly ten years <strong>the</strong> old newspaper<br />

files do not mention Cedar Point. There is a deed recorded in Volume<br />

14, page 408, <strong>of</strong> Huron County Record, <strong>of</strong> deeds from Stephen Hills to<br />

Elijah II. Kimball, dated November 4, 1837, conveying 1,072 acres <strong>of</strong><br />

land for $2,000, and later <strong>the</strong> same premises were sold by <strong>the</strong> executors<br />

<strong>of</strong> A. M. Porter to W. S. Person for $1,675.<br />

On March 17, 1849, Mr. Porter advertises that all persons wishing<br />

to fish on Cedar Point must pay him one-eighth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> catch, and <strong>the</strong>n<br />

<strong>the</strong> records are again silent until August 6, 1862, Avhen <strong>the</strong> Register<br />

announces that a lighthouse is being built on Cedar Point, which was<br />

probably a successor to <strong>the</strong> one built in 1840. /As late as <strong>the</strong> 12th <strong>of</strong><br />

August, 1889, <strong>the</strong> Register describes Cedar Point in an article by Emily<br />

Bouton as until recently covered with brush. /A few years before this<br />

<strong>the</strong>re was a small house on <strong>the</strong> east side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> point.<br />

About 1840 <strong>the</strong> lighthouse was built, andJater <strong>the</strong> range lights Avere<br />

placed in <strong>the</strong> vicinity, one at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay and two inside, forming<br />

a series <strong>of</strong> lights Avell known to all pilots and navigators on Lake Erie.<br />

In 1882 B. F. DAA'elle leased <strong>the</strong> point from its owners, Mrs. Adolph<br />

and Mr. Stoll, and proceeded to make improvements upon it with a view<br />

to attracting pleasure-seekers to its shores. The first thing to be done<br />

was to build a dock where boats could land <strong>the</strong>ir passengers, and <strong>the</strong>n<br />

a steamboat began making trips across. After partially clearing a part<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land, a Avalk was built across from <strong>the</strong> bay to <strong>the</strong> lake, a house<br />

was erected on <strong>the</strong> side near <strong>the</strong> bay, and later bathing houses were put<br />

up on <strong>the</strong> lake shore, and Sanduskians began to enjoy <strong>the</strong>ir resort by<br />

forming parties and excursions to Cedar Point. Mr. Dwelle expended<br />

$5,000 on Cedar Point, paying no rental for <strong>the</strong> first season, a moderate<br />

amount for <strong>the</strong> second, Avith <strong>the</strong> same rate <strong>of</strong> increase each year for <strong>the</strong><br />

five <strong>of</strong> his lease. All this time <strong>the</strong> resort greAV in favor. The steamboat<br />

Hayes made frequent trips and <strong>the</strong> bay Avas aflutter with white-Avinged<br />

sailing vessels through <strong>the</strong> summer months. So popular did Cedar Point<br />

become that boats could scarcely be supplied to meet <strong>the</strong> demand, and<br />

neAver and better sailing craft Avere added to <strong>the</strong> stock on hand.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> Sloan vs. Biemiller, 34 O. S. 492, <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

right <strong>of</strong> fishing and landing on Cedar Point came before <strong>the</strong> Supreme<br />

Court, and <strong>the</strong> plaintiff brought suit to quiet his title and to enjoin <strong>the</strong><br />

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defendant from interfering with certain fishing rights claimed by <strong>the</strong><br />

plaintiff, AA'hich rights Avere denied by <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court. The decision<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court and <strong>the</strong> statement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> case SIIOAVS that as late<br />

as 1878 practically <strong>the</strong> only value <strong>the</strong>re was in Cedar Point AA'as in connection<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> fishing rights, Avhich <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court found had<br />

been leased from October, 1849, up to <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> decision for fishing<br />

purposes except Avhen <strong>the</strong> OAvners fished <strong>the</strong>mselves. No mention is made<br />

anyAvhere in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> any o<strong>the</strong>r value.'<br />

The first mention <strong>of</strong> Cedar Point as a resort occurs in <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong><br />

June 24, 1884, Avhere <strong>the</strong> Register describes a trip on <strong>the</strong> R. B. Hayes, in<br />

company Avith B. F. DAvelle, and <strong>the</strong> cleaning up <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underbrush and<br />

<strong>the</strong> moving <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bathing houses from <strong>the</strong> bay side over to <strong>the</strong> lake,<br />

Avhere <strong>the</strong>re were <strong>the</strong>n sixteen bathing houses. Seats and SAvings are<br />

described as scattered everyAvhere Avith tables for lunches. On <strong>the</strong> bay<br />

side AVIIS a restaurant kept by John Butts, and above <strong>the</strong> dining hall a<br />

dancing room.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> January 26, 1888, mentions D. L. Stem, <strong>of</strong> Toledo,<br />

coming here Avith plans for buildings on Cedar Point, and on December<br />

31, 1897, <strong>the</strong> Cedar Point Pleasure ^Resort Company is mentioned as incorporated<br />

under <strong>the</strong> laAvs <strong>of</strong> Indiana, Avith a capital stock <strong>of</strong> $250,000,<br />

<strong>the</strong> original holders being A. J. Stoll, Charles Batz, Jacob Kuebeler,<br />

Louis Adolph and 13. F. DAvelle. Of <strong>the</strong>se A. J. Stoll is <strong>the</strong> only one<br />

alh'e, and, Avith <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holdings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kuebeler estate, <strong>the</strong><br />

property on Cedar Point, largely increased in value has passed into<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r hands. For several years under <strong>the</strong> present management its natural<br />

advantages have been improved by art and thoroughly advertised,<br />

so that it has a patronage for a range <strong>of</strong> several hundred miles in all<br />

directions. It has become noted as a convention point, and is sometimes<br />

called <strong>the</strong> Atlantic City <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West because <strong>of</strong> its unexcelled natural<br />

bathing advantages.<br />

SANDUSKY HOTELS<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1817 Cyrus W. Marsh erected a chvelling house near a<br />

building put up by W. 13. Smith and later built a front portion to <strong>the</strong><br />

house and opened <strong>the</strong> first hotel in <strong>the</strong> toAvn, knoAvn as Marsh's Steamboat<br />

Hotel. This building is still standing and has been knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Veranda<br />

Hotel, Raymond's Hotel, Scott's American and <strong>the</strong> NCAV Lake House, and<br />

is IIOAV vacant. ,<br />

The second hotel is advertised in <strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong> February 19, 1823,<br />

as A. Root's Hotel, next <strong>the</strong> store kept by 0. & L. Cook. It is advertised<br />

as <strong>the</strong> tavern kept at <strong>the</strong> Sign <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio Coat-<strong>of</strong>-arms. On March 31,<br />

1827, Moors FarAvell adA'ertised <strong>the</strong> tavern for sale, and on October 13,<br />

.827, it is advertised as <strong>the</strong> Portland House at <strong>the</strong> Sign <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Golden<br />

Lamb, Avith C. F. Drake as proprietor, and that <strong>the</strong> stage line leaves from<br />

that point. Colonel Drake Avas a very eccentric gentleman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old<br />

school, quite large, stood very straight, and had a very dignified and<br />

pompous manner <strong>of</strong> speech. On September 15, 1827, he advertises he

212 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

has bought <strong>the</strong> tavern kept by Col. Abram Root. This hotel was where<br />

<strong>the</strong> Register Building IIOAV stands, and in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1827 it is again<br />

<strong>of</strong>fered for sale by Moors Farwell. On January 11, 1831, it is advertised<br />

by Henry Victor for rent, and on March 22, 1832, <strong>of</strong>fered for sale by<br />

F. D. Parish.<br />

On August 31,1831, <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel, with Sprague & Garrett as<br />

proprietors, ach'ertises it as opposite <strong>the</strong> steamboat landing and only<br />

sixty feet from IOAV water. On August 15, 1832, George Garrett becomes<br />

sole proprietor.<br />

On June 18, 1834, <strong>the</strong> Portland House, formerly run by John Turk,<br />

is advertised as opened by B. Gustin.<br />

On May 25, 1844 (two years after Dickens' visit), A. M. Porter is<br />

advertised as beginning his career as landlord <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel.<br />

On June 1,1844, T. II. Paul advertises <strong>the</strong> Empire House at Franklin<br />

and Market streets, still standing and <strong>the</strong> building Avhere <strong>the</strong> Bloker<br />

family for many years kept a boarding house.<br />

On January 17, 1843, <strong>the</strong> hotel, Colt's Exchange, which Avas <strong>the</strong> hotel<br />

where Dickens stopped in 1842, is advertised for <strong>the</strong> first time and mentioned<br />

as run by R. E. Colt. The Steamboat Hotel is announced as run<br />

by Charles Rude.<br />

On November 2, 1844, Colt Avas still running <strong>the</strong> Exchange, and<br />

Calvin Hooban was running ano<strong>the</strong>r hotel on Water Street called <strong>the</strong><br />

Farmers Hotel, which on December 21, 1844, is announced as moved to<br />

<strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Adams and Decatur streets, Avhere later Adam Oehm for<br />

many years kept a store.<br />

On December 1, 1846, <strong>the</strong> Townsend House, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> crack hotel <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> toAvn, was opened by Charles Patrick.<br />

On April 24, 1848, <strong>the</strong> Clarion publishes <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> guests at <strong>the</strong><br />

Veranda and Exchange hotels, running about thirty or forty a day. This<br />

publication stops May 31, 1848.<br />

On July 17, 1848, McKenster & Boynton, <strong>the</strong>n proprietors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Exchange, are announced by <strong>the</strong> Clarion as providing for dinner that<br />

day (and not on <strong>the</strong> European plan) lobsters from Boston, MackinaAV<br />

trout from Lake Superior, peaches, apples and peas from Louisville, and<br />

green corn and tomatoes from <strong>Cincinnati</strong>.<br />

In March, 1849, <strong>the</strong> Exchange Avas operated by McKenster, Gr<strong>of</strong>f<br />

&Co.<br />

On May 24, 1850, <strong>the</strong> Clarion quotes <strong>the</strong> Cleveland Herald and True<br />

Democrat as saying <strong>the</strong> Sandusky hotels do not rob <strong>the</strong> public.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> October 27, 1851, states that A. M. Porter has leased<br />

<strong>the</strong> ToAvnsend House, and C. F. Drake has become proprietor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Veranda Hotel.<br />

On March 18,1852, <strong>the</strong> Register announces that <strong>the</strong> ToAvnsend House<br />

has been bought by J. M. Harrison, <strong>of</strong> Springfield, and P. G. Geillette,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Columbus, and that on St. Patrick's Day <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> W. We<strong>the</strong>rell<br />

& Co. astonished <strong>the</strong> natives by sending to <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong>fice a bundle<br />

<strong>of</strong> vegetables, <strong>the</strong> first in <strong>the</strong> market. The Register states that it Avas

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 213<br />

really refreshing to see lettuce, radishes, etc., when <strong>the</strong> ground Avas still<br />

covered with snow. These vegetables came from <strong>Cincinnati</strong>.<br />

In 1853 <strong>the</strong> Veranda Hotel was called <strong>the</strong> Pavilion Hotel and was<br />

run by E. J. Jack. Colt's Exchange had become <strong>the</strong> St. Lawrence Hotel,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> Bay City Hotel Avas on Wayne Street. The West House was in<br />

process <strong>of</strong> erection and stood for a long time with <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> on but without<br />

doors or windows. Two wags one Sunday morning fastened a placard<br />

on <strong>the</strong> walls, "This house open to <strong>the</strong> public."<br />

The ToAvnsend Hotel Avas now knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Mississippi Hotel.<br />

In 1855 <strong>the</strong> city had twelve hotels. In June, 1864, <strong>the</strong> Townsend<br />

House AA'as burned Avhile still under <strong>the</strong> proprietorship <strong>of</strong> Colonel Colt.<br />

In 1880 <strong>the</strong> Sloane House Avas built, and since that time, toge<strong>the</strong>r with<br />

<strong>the</strong> West House, has been <strong>the</strong> leading hotel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city until <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong><br />

May, 1912, when <strong>the</strong> Riegger Hotel opened, and, because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> closing<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West House, has divided <strong>the</strong> business Avith <strong>the</strong> Sloane House, both<br />

<strong>of</strong> Avhich hotels are a credit to <strong>the</strong> city.<br />

MARKET PLACES<br />

This is perhaps <strong>the</strong> most appropriate manner <strong>of</strong> designating <strong>the</strong>se<br />

tAvo localities, for should <strong>the</strong>y be called "The Markets." The presumption<br />

Avould at once arise that <strong>the</strong> city Avas possessed <strong>of</strong> such places wherein<br />

Avas transacted business incident to market places in general, but such<br />

seems not now to be <strong>the</strong> case; that is, so far as this city is concerned.<br />

It will be remembered that <strong>the</strong> proprietors, Wildman, Mills and<br />

Hoadley, in <strong>the</strong>ir plat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city made in <strong>the</strong> year 1818, mentioned two<br />

separate parcels which <strong>the</strong>y dedicated to <strong>the</strong> prospective city in <strong>the</strong><br />

Avords folloAving: "The two open spaces on Market street, marked BB,<br />

are appropriated as and for <strong>Public</strong> Market grounds, and forever to<br />

remain for that purpose and for no o<strong>the</strong>r."<br />

In due course <strong>of</strong> time <strong>the</strong> city, or as it <strong>the</strong>n was, toAvn, became sufficiently<br />

large to warrant <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> buildings for <strong>the</strong> purpose indicated<br />

in <strong>the</strong> dedication. The first record mention <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial action in<br />

this direction by <strong>the</strong> authorities o*f <strong>the</strong> toAvn AA-as made in <strong>the</strong> year 1835,<br />

and <strong>the</strong>reafter <strong>the</strong> buildings Avere erected by citizens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn. They<br />

AA-ere frame structures, one story in height, with a projecting ro<strong>of</strong>, and<br />

in dimensions about 30 by 50 feet. Each lot Avas provided with a market<br />

house, and it Avas not until about 1870 that <strong>the</strong>y Avere removed. A solitary<br />

hay scale <strong>the</strong>n marked <strong>the</strong> spot Avhere for many years stood Avhat<br />

Avas knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> East Market; while on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r site stood a substantial<br />

stone building erected for <strong>the</strong> express purpose <strong>of</strong> a "market house,"<br />

but a later idea seemed inclined to make <strong>the</strong> building useful for an additional<br />

purpose, notwithstanding <strong>the</strong> clear language <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dedication.<br />

The proposition to use this site for a city hall went before <strong>the</strong> people<br />

for determination but it Avas defeated overAvhelmingly.<br />

A subsequent council, however, submitted to <strong>the</strong> people a proposition<br />

to erect a market house on <strong>the</strong> lot, and that was carried, As was provided,<br />

this was to be a one-story building, 40 by <strong>20</strong>0 feet in size; but

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HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 215<br />

after <strong>the</strong> work had progressed somewhat <strong>the</strong> council determined to add<br />

a second story, AA'hich was done at an additional cost <strong>of</strong> about $4,000, <strong>the</strong><br />

original contract being $10,000. The question <strong>the</strong>n arose whe<strong>the</strong>r such<br />

an occupancy would not work a forfeiture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land and building,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> matter finally reached <strong>the</strong> court, where a construction Avas put<br />

upon <strong>the</strong> dedication and it was held that such a use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building<br />

Avould not subject <strong>the</strong> city to a forfeiture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land. The matter being<br />

finally settled, <strong>the</strong> building was completed and <strong>the</strong> upper story was<br />

equipped for city <strong>of</strong>fices. The loAver portion was used as a market place<br />

for several years, but finally this was discontinued. On Tuesday morning,<br />

March 25, 1913, <strong>the</strong> building Avas completely destroyed by fire. The<br />

debris has been cleared aAvay, and <strong>the</strong> Avest market space, like <strong>the</strong> east,<br />

again stands vacant as in former years.<br />

The vacant spaces on East and West Market streets were for a long<br />

time used for market, and <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> October 6, 1851, thus describes<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir appearance on that day:<br />

"Seldom have Ave seen a more ample or choice display <strong>of</strong> meats than<br />

that exhibited at <strong>the</strong> east market this morning. Beef, pork, mutton,<br />

lamb, etc., Avere so perplexingly arrayed on ei<strong>the</strong>r side that it Avould take<br />

an epicure to select his favorite part.<br />

" It may not be generally knoAvn to our citizens that Messrs. Lindsley<br />

& Bell have amply provided <strong>the</strong>mselves with choice stock <strong>of</strong> all kinds,<br />

<strong>the</strong> first display <strong>of</strong> Avhich we witnessed this morning. . They have taken<br />

great pains to get <strong>the</strong> best stock, and AA'e have reason to believe that <strong>the</strong>y<br />

Avill regularly furnish our people with that great desideratum good<br />

tender fresh meats.<br />

"Mr. Bradridge, formerly on Wayne Street, noAV occupies <strong>the</strong> south<br />

side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> east market, and his assortment forms no small part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

fine display noticed above. His urbanity and promptness may ahA'ays<br />

be relied upon."<br />

THE POLICE DEPARTMENT<br />

This department <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local government was organized almost as<br />

soon as <strong>the</strong> toAvn Avas created, although under a name and style some-<br />

Avhat different from that Avhich entitles this sketch. It is found that in<br />

<strong>the</strong> year 1825 Lemuel Robinson Avas appointed town marshal, and in<br />

him Avas invested <strong>the</strong> police authority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place. But as <strong>the</strong> population<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn increased it Avas found necessary to enlarge this department.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1854 <strong>the</strong> council adopted an ordinance in pursuance<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Legislature, passed May 3, 1852, and relating to incorporated<br />

villages, by Avhich <strong>the</strong> powers and duties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> marshal were<br />

defined, and fur<strong>the</strong>r providing for <strong>the</strong> appointment <strong>of</strong> deputies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

marshal to such number as Avould insure protection against laAV breakers.<br />

Under this protection <strong>the</strong> city lived until <strong>the</strong> ordinance <strong>of</strong> 1870, by<br />

Avhich <strong>the</strong> department Avas reorganized and provision made for policemen<br />

and night Avatchmen. From 1825 until 1870 <strong>the</strong> following named<br />

persons acted as marshals <strong>of</strong> Sandusky: 1825-26, Lemuel S. Robinson;

216 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

1827-28, Charles F. Drake; 1829-30, Augustus Cooke, 1830-31-32-33,<br />

Elijah E. Clemons; 1834 to 1841, inclusive, Roswell J. Jennings; 1842,<br />

Charles F. Drake; 1843-44, George W. Smith; 1845, Alonzo Wade, Francis<br />

W. Pomeroy; 1846, ; 1847-48, William Benschoter; 1849, William<br />

Spaulding; 1850-51-52, Oliver Rice; 1853 (elected), James E. Mygatt;<br />

1854-55, Oliver Rice; 1856, Andrew Casey; 1857-58, Enoch Weller; 1859,<br />

Patrick Herr; 1860, George Littleton; 1861-62, William R. Chapman;<br />

1863-64, Samuel C. Wheeler; 1865, Samuel Currie; 1866, Frank L. Myers;<br />

1867-68-69, Thomas Muldowrey.<br />

The ordinance <strong>of</strong> 1870 provided for <strong>the</strong> appointment by <strong>the</strong> mayor,<br />

by and with <strong>the</strong> advice and consent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city counsel, <strong>of</strong> one chief<br />

watchman, and one person from each ward to perform <strong>the</strong> duties <strong>of</strong><br />

policeman and night watchman, each to hold <strong>of</strong>fice for one year. The<br />

same ordinance also- provided for <strong>the</strong> like appointment <strong>of</strong> five persons<br />

from each Avard as a reserved Avatch, subject to duty if called upon by<br />

resolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> council.<br />

But this ordinance by no means abolished <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> marshal, but<br />

continued <strong>the</strong> same as established by <strong>the</strong> ordinance <strong>of</strong> 1854, and modified<br />

by that <strong>of</strong> 1871, Avhich latter law materially abridged his powers and<br />

duties.<br />

Under <strong>the</strong> provisions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ordinance adopted on <strong>the</strong> 2d day <strong>of</strong><br />

February, 1880, and amended June 6, 1882, <strong>the</strong> department* <strong>of</strong> police<br />

was organized. By <strong>the</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> this local enactment it Avas provided<br />

that <strong>the</strong>re shall be nominated in writing by <strong>the</strong> mayor <strong>of</strong> said city, at <strong>the</strong><br />

first meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new council in each and every year, for <strong>the</strong>ir approval,<br />

twelve persons as policemen and night watchmen, AVIIO shall hold such<br />

position for <strong>the</strong> term <strong>of</strong> one year, unless sooner removed for cause, etc.<br />

Also that one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> persons so nominated shall be designated as captain.<br />

A fur<strong>the</strong>r section also provides for <strong>the</strong> compensation to be paid <strong>the</strong><br />

captain and policemen.<br />

The present force <strong>of</strong> police <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city consists <strong>of</strong> one marshal, a<br />

captain <strong>of</strong> police and eleven patrolmen.<br />

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT<br />

It Avas back as early as -<strong>the</strong> year 1830 and at a time that <strong>the</strong> toAvn<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky had a population <strong>of</strong> less than 500 persons, and Avhen <strong>the</strong>re<br />

were not even seventy buildings Avithin its limits, that measures Avere<br />

taken to provide for security against loss by fire. At a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

toAvn council, held in <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> February <strong>of</strong> that year, an ordinance<br />

was adopted providing for <strong>the</strong> organization and discipline <strong>of</strong> regular<br />

fire companies, as understood at that day, whose experience and<br />

knoAvledge in <strong>the</strong> proper course rendered <strong>the</strong>ir assistance highly important<br />

and useful.<br />

For <strong>the</strong> proper organization <strong>of</strong> this primitive fire brigade <strong>the</strong> town<br />

was divided into two Avards, to be known as Nos. 1 and 2, being separarated<br />

by Columbus Avenue. The mayor was authorized to and did comply<br />

with <strong>the</strong> ordinance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> council by appointing Henry H. Wilcox-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 217<br />

sen as chief fireman; James Hollister as fire warden number one <strong>of</strong><br />

Ward No. 1; William Kelley as fire warden number two <strong>of</strong> Ward No. 1;<br />

Erastus Gregg as fire warden number one <strong>of</strong> Ward No. 2; and Ezra<br />

Wells as fire warden number two <strong>of</strong> Ward No. 2; Isaac Carling and Moors<br />

Farwell as <strong>the</strong> committee <strong>of</strong> safety <strong>of</strong> Ward No. 2. Also Cyrus W.<br />

Marsh as captain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fire company <strong>of</strong> Ward No. 1, and Elias Hand<br />

as captain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fire company in Ward No. 2. Josiah W. Hollister<br />

Avas appointed first engineer, and Amos Patterson as second engineer<br />

in Ward No. 1, while John Chestnut and John Mumford Avere to perform<br />

<strong>the</strong> same duties respectively in Ward No. 2.<br />

A fur<strong>the</strong>r provision Avas made that men be enlisted for each company,<br />

and that each man should provide himself with one substantial<br />

bucket, and in case <strong>of</strong> fire to appear "equipt" with his bucket. This<br />

was <strong>the</strong> original fire and bucket brigade <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Town <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, and<br />

from <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> men appointed to positions <strong>of</strong> rank <strong>the</strong>rein, it<br />

would seem that every man in <strong>the</strong> place Avas in some manner connected<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> department. One bucket and one hook Avas aftenvard provided<br />

for each company, and to be paid for out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> funds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town.<br />

From this outlay it is not surprising that Sandusky has a large bonded<br />

indebtedness.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year 1834 <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> purchase <strong>of</strong><br />

a more approved and suitable means <strong>of</strong> fighting fire Avas under discussion,<br />

but it was not until February <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> folloAving year that <strong>the</strong><br />

desire was consummated. The council <strong>the</strong>n appointed Thomas T. White<br />

and John Wheeler a select committee to make <strong>the</strong> purchase. They<br />

entered into negotiations with James Smith <strong>of</strong> New York City, and that<br />

person oifered to sell <strong>the</strong> town a hand engine <strong>of</strong> such pattern as Avas<br />

<strong>the</strong>n in use in his city for <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> $750. The finances <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town<br />

were <strong>the</strong>n in a someAvhat reduced condition, and voluntary subscriptions<br />

by <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn Avere received, and this, with <strong>the</strong> funds<br />

in <strong>the</strong> treasury, was used and <strong>the</strong> purchase made. This engine Avas<br />

named Ogontz, and <strong>the</strong> company that manned it Avas called Ogontz<br />

Fire Company No. 1.<br />

In 1839, with <strong>the</strong> groAvth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town it Avas thought desirable to<br />

make some fur<strong>the</strong>r provision for this branch <strong>of</strong> municipal service; so<br />

<strong>the</strong> council, on <strong>the</strong> 7th <strong>of</strong> February, passed an ordinance providing for<br />

more efficient means <strong>of</strong> safety and security <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> citizens against fire,<br />

and elected <strong>of</strong>ficers for <strong>the</strong> department as folloAVS: Foster M. Follett,<br />

chief engineer; Ebenezer B. Sadler, assistant engineer; and William<br />

W. Wi<strong>the</strong>rell, William B. Smith, Page M. Ring, A. II. Barber, Abner<br />

Root and Isaiah W. Hollister as Are wardens.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1848 <strong>the</strong>re Avas organized a neAV company vvliich was<br />

provided by.<strong>the</strong> council to contain not less than forty, nor more than<br />

sixty men, to be designated as "Buckeye Company Number 2" and for<br />

this company Avas purchased <strong>the</strong> engine that AA'as named "Buckeye."<br />

Not long after this a hook and ladder company Avas organized. In<br />

1853 Hornet Company Number 3 was formed.<br />

Thus well equipped and organized for business <strong>the</strong> city seemed

E-<br />

2

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 219<br />

Avell provided against a severe fire loss. To make <strong>the</strong> old hand engines<br />

available Avells Avere dug in various parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city from Avhich water<br />

vvas to be taken. In 1858 <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> department were F. C.<br />

Ford, chief engineer; Enoch Weller, first assistant; Charles Ruemmelle,<br />

second assistant. In 1859 Foster M. Follett Avas chief, Casper J. Parsons,<br />

first assistant, and William Cook, second assistant. In 1860 Enoch<br />

Weller Avas chief, Casper J. Pars6ns, first/ and William Cook second<br />

assistant engineer.<br />

But <strong>the</strong> time came Avhen <strong>the</strong> old hand engines, like all o<strong>the</strong>r ancient<br />

contrivances, must give place to more modern inventions. In 1865<br />

<strong>the</strong> council, assisted by <strong>the</strong> contributions <strong>of</strong> citizens, made a purchase<br />

<strong>of</strong> a steam engine <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Amoskeag manufacture. Three years later a<br />

Silsby engine Avas purchased, and again in 1869, ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same<br />

pattern. With this improved apparatus and <strong>the</strong> purchase <strong>of</strong> a hook<br />

and ladder truck it became necessary to reorganize <strong>the</strong> Avhole department,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> council Avisely concluded to make it a paid department.<br />

By <strong>the</strong>ir ordinance, passed May 27, 1872, it AA'as provided that each<br />

engineer should receive $60, and each minute-man $10 per month.<br />

Richard C. Cuthbert was elected chief engineer.<br />

This ordinance, with some subsequent amendments, remained in<br />

force and by it <strong>the</strong> department AVIIS governed until <strong>the</strong> ordinance as<br />

passed and amended in 1884 came into effect. This provided that<br />

<strong>the</strong> fire department "shall consist <strong>of</strong> three hose companies, and one<br />

book and ladder company. Each <strong>of</strong> said hose companies shall be composed<br />

<strong>of</strong> six men, and said hook and ladder company shall be composed<br />

<strong>of</strong> seven men. One <strong>of</strong> said men in each hose company shall be<br />

knoAvn as plugman, one as teamster and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r four as minute men.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men <strong>of</strong> said hook and ladder company shall be known as<br />

captain, one a teamster and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r five men as minute men. The<br />

hose carts and hook and ladder truck shall have one hose each." The<br />

compensation provided to be paid under this ordinance was: Each plugman,<br />

$45 per month; each teamster, $45 per month; each minute-man,<br />

$10 per month.<br />

The Ogontz Engine Fire Company Avas a feature <strong>of</strong> early Sandusky<br />

life. A Avit named Jim. Gibeaut claimed <strong>the</strong> name Avas appropriate<br />

because Ogontz Avas a fire water Indian and <strong>the</strong> Ogontz Avas a 'fire water<br />

engine too.<br />

Sandusky's first volunteer fire company Avas organized September 24,<br />

1854, and Avas known as Rescue Fire Company No. 2. Ano<strong>the</strong>r company<br />

AA-as organized by <strong>the</strong> Fifth Ward citizens April 12, 1872. Back in <strong>the</strong><br />

60's No. 1 Company Volunteers was located on Hancock Street. Among<br />

<strong>the</strong> early apparatus AA'as a hand engine located at <strong>the</strong> Five Points, and<br />

one manned by <strong>the</strong> Tigers No. 5 Company at Hesse Castle. On December<br />

23, 1883, all volunteer hose companies Avere abolished, and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

furniture Avas sold. Since <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> department <strong>the</strong><br />

number <strong>of</strong> calls has run from 40 to 89 in a year.<br />

The Central Station Avas completed and occupied September 30,

2<strong>20</strong> HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

1890. It cost $40,000, and is a stone building three stories high. There<br />

are three engine houses in different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city.<br />

MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENTS<br />

In public improvements, Sandusky has kept pace with <strong>the</strong> times.<br />

<strong>Public</strong> buildings, waterAvorks extensions, street paving and seAvers have<br />

been constructed and added to as <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city demanded and<br />

no Ohio city <strong>of</strong> its size can boast more or better public Avorks.<br />

The city's buildings consist <strong>of</strong> a city hall, located on Market Street,<br />

betAveen Decatur and Locust streets, in which are located nearly all city<br />

<strong>of</strong>fices; a central fire and police station, near <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus<br />

Avenue and Market Street; <strong>the</strong> Avatenvorks and filtration plant, at <strong>the</strong><br />

foot <strong>of</strong> Washington Street; four outlyingjfire stations, well distributed,<br />

and a modern greenhouse, in Huron Para, where all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> floAvers and<br />

plants used for <strong>the</strong> ornamentation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parks are raised and kept<br />

during <strong>the</strong> cold season, from AA'hich <strong>the</strong> superintendent <strong>of</strong> parks draws<br />

his supply for <strong>the</strong> summer.<br />

Added to <strong>the</strong>se are <strong>the</strong> courthouse, in <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> one entire square<br />

opposite Washington Park; <strong>the</strong> high school building opposite East Washington<br />

Park; Carnegie <strong>Library</strong>, at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and<br />

Adams Street, and <strong>the</strong> county jail, opposite <strong>the</strong> courthouse on Adams<br />

Street. All <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se structures are built <strong>of</strong> Sandusky blue limestone and<br />

are handsomely designed. Within <strong>the</strong> next year a neAV and commodious<br />

high school will be added to <strong>the</strong> group about <strong>the</strong> Central Park and<br />

extensive additions are IIOAV being made to <strong>the</strong> filtration plant.<br />

The most important <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public works <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city are, <strong>of</strong> course,<br />

<strong>the</strong> watenvorks and <strong>the</strong> seAVer system. The former, operated from a<br />

plant having a capacity <strong>of</strong> 17,000,000 gallons daily, delivers filtered<br />

Avater to every part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city and to <strong>the</strong> Soldiers' Home and county<br />

infirmary, located outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city limits. The plant is equipped<br />

with a Holly pumping engine <strong>of</strong> 10,000,000 gallons capacity and a<br />

Worthington engine <strong>of</strong> 7,000,000 gallons capacity. As <strong>the</strong> consumption<br />

has never risen to <strong>the</strong> full capacity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant, or <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

engines, but one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se is used at a time, and <strong>the</strong> duplication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

plant insures a steady supply <strong>of</strong> water regardless <strong>of</strong> accidents to ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> engines.<br />

Connected with <strong>the</strong> \vatenvorks plant is <strong>the</strong> filtration plant with a<br />

present capacity <strong>of</strong> 6,000,000 gallons daily. This will soon be increased<br />

to 10,000,000 or more. All <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water delivered to <strong>the</strong> people is<br />

chemically filtered and daily analyses show it to be practically pure.<br />

The seAver system covers <strong>the</strong> entire city, with numerous outlets into<br />

Sandusky Bay. Within a feAV years an intercepting system will be<br />

installed and all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seAvage will be disposed <strong>of</strong> in a bacteriological<br />

disposal plant. This is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important improvements on <strong>the</strong><br />

list <strong>of</strong> those contemplated.<br />

Sandusky has sixteen miles <strong>of</strong> paved streets, mostly with sheet<br />

asphalt, all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main thoroughfares <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city being paved. AH

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 221<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r streets are macadamized and oiled. There are 80 miles <strong>of</strong> stone<br />

and concrete sideAvalks.<br />

Provision has already been made for <strong>the</strong> elimination <strong>of</strong> three <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> grade crossings over <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore and Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Raihvay<br />

(New York Central) tracks in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city. Engineers<br />

for <strong>the</strong> city and raihvay company are now at Avork on <strong>the</strong> plans<br />

and <strong>the</strong> Avork will go forward as speedily as possible. This improvement<br />

will open up for residence purposes a large section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city now<br />

thinly settled.<br />

MAYORS<br />

The folloAving persons have served as mayor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky: Moors'<br />

Farwell, George Anderson, John Wheeler, John Turk, Joseph M. Root,<br />

John Beatty, Samuel 13. Caldwell, John N. Sloane, Ebenezer B. Sadler,<br />

W. N. We<strong>the</strong>rell, Zenas W. Barker, Ebenezer Warner, John M. Brown,<br />

Horatio Wildman, Foster M. Follett, Charles Cross, George W. Smith,<br />

John G. Miller, William S. Pierson, Obadiah C. McClouth, Ferdinand<br />

Geiersdorf, Philander Gregg, George D. Daniel, William II. Wilson,<br />

Rush R. Sloane, William B. II. Hunt, James L. Dewitt, William B. II.<br />

Hunt, Charles Bouton, John Molter, George Lehrer and Jacob G. Dietz.<br />

Pcnuc OFFICIALS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN SANDUSKY IN 1915<br />

Auditor—Fred W. Bauer.<br />

Board <strong>of</strong> Control—Hon. Jacob Dietz, John J. Moltor, Edmund Savord.<br />

Board <strong>of</strong> Health—Hon. Jacob Dietz, president; Dr. Charles Graefe,<br />

Dr. C. B. Bliss, Dr. J. K. Douglas, E. Lea Marsh, A. Royer.<br />

Dairy and Meat Inspector—Dr. J. W. Reeder.<br />

Health Officer—Dr. Henry Graefe, Jr.<br />

Plumbing Inspector—Gustave Schelb.<br />

Registrar <strong>of</strong> Vital Statistics—Fay W. Kilbourne.<br />

Sanitary Police—John McDermott, W. L. Slate.<br />

Visiting Nurse—Helen M. Hart.<br />

City Detention Hospital—W. F. Gillespie, care taker, 619 Fifth Street.<br />

City Physician—Dr. J. S. McClelland.<br />

City Offices—Kingsbury Block.<br />

Council—President, Emil Grob. Clerk, Edward C. Wagner. Members<br />

at large, J. Frank Donahue, Charles Kubach, J. C. Parsons. Ward<br />

members: 1, C. Webb Sadler; 2, Charles Gundlach; 3, Edwin Seebach;<br />

4, Carl Wilke.<br />

Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Safety—Director, Edmund Savord. Fire department:<br />

Chief, Albert Hegemer; assistant, Alexander Rotzinger.<br />

Police department: Chief, Charles A. Weingates; captain, John Kennedy.<br />

Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Service—Director, John J. Molter. Superintendent<br />

<strong>of</strong> parks, Jacob Roth. Superintendent <strong>of</strong> streets, Andrew Rohrbacher.<br />

WaterAvorks department: Acting superintendent, John J.<br />

Molter; chief clerk, EdAvard C. Wagner.

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HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 223<br />

Mayor—Jacob G. Dietz; vice, Emil Grob.<br />

Sinking Fund Trustees—John Quinn, president; Charles IT. Zimmerman,<br />

William F. Seitz, James Flynn, Sr., Fred W. Bauer, secretary.<br />

Treasurer—Robert A. Koegele.<br />

HOSPITALS<br />

Good Samaritan Hospital, 140 Van Buren Street—Trustees: Hon.<br />

Thomas M. Sloane, Walson Butler. Advisory board: President, Mrs.<br />

Fred Ohlemacher; vice president. Mrs. Martin Klenk; secretary, Elizabeth<br />

Graefe; treasurer, Mrs. James SaAvyer. Board <strong>of</strong> managers: Rev.<br />

E. G. Mapes. Mozart Gallup, A. L. Marsh. Rev. T. J. C. Stellhorn, Willard<br />

A. Bishop, George P. Parker. Charles R. Melville.<br />

Providence Hospital, 1002 Hayes Avenue—Chaplain, Rev. F. J. Pfyle;<br />

superior, Sister Eugene: assistant and superintendent <strong>of</strong> nurses, Sister<br />

Aurelia.<br />

SOCIETIES<br />

Business Girls' Christian Association—Bessie Taylor, president; Ka<strong>the</strong>rine<br />

AVirth, vice president; Anna Nier, secretary; Minnie Barnett,<br />

treasurer.<br />

Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution—Martha Pitkin Chapter:<br />

Mrs. John T. Mack, regent; Mrs. (!. F. Anderson, vice regent; Mrs. E.<br />

Alstaetter, secretary; Miss Abbie Woohvorth, treasurer.<br />

Eagles—Sandusky Aerie No. 444, F 0. E.: Henry Hart, W. P.; Jacob<br />

Dietz. secretary; Jacob Leser, treasurer.<br />

Elks—Sandusky Lodge No. 285, B. P. O. E.: John A. Hinimelein,<br />

E. R.; George Doerzbaeh. secretary; John D. Mack, treasurer.<br />

The Erie County Agricultural Society—W. P. Scheid, president; F.<br />

II. Zerbe, secretary; John Quinn. treasurer.<br />

Erie County Medical Association—Dr. William Storey, Castalia, president<br />

; Dr. Henry Graefe. secretary-treasurer.<br />

Grand Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Republic—McMeens Post No. 19: E. D. Hawley. '<br />

Com.; George W. Bender, Q. M.: Josh. B. Davis, Chap.<br />

Knights <strong>of</strong> Columbus—Sandusky Council No. 546: Fred C. Printy,<br />

G. K.; B. T. Gagen, R. S.; George F. Leingang. F. S.; 0. E. Kaufmann,<br />

treasurer.<br />

Knights and Ladies <strong>of</strong> Honor—Progress Lodge No. 1488: Carl<br />

Kautz, Prot.; Mrs. Theresa Barz. F.S.: John II. Gerold, treasurer.<br />

Knights <strong>of</strong> Pythias—Sandusky Lodge No. 128: Hayes M. Adams,<br />

C. C.; John Gerold. M. <strong>of</strong> E.; A. C. Close. K. <strong>of</strong> R. & S.; Henry Reutter,<br />

M. <strong>of</strong> F. Uniform Rank. Garfield Co. No. 13: II. J. Close, captain;<br />

Robert Lange, recorder: Charles C. Fuchs. treasurer. Pythian Sisters,<br />

Zone Temple No. 86: Mrs. Louis Pitzer. M. E. C.: Mrs. William Wagner,<br />

M. <strong>of</strong> R.; Mrs. Bert Ward. F. K.<br />

Maccabees—Bay VieAv Tent No. 664: Mrs. Agnes Payne, Com.; Mrs.<br />

Gertrude Bruno, R, K.; Mrs. Minnie Curtis. F. K. F. W. Stephens Tent<br />

No. 1293: Hayes Adams, Com.; Charles Linkenbach, F. K. Protection

224 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Tent No. 7: Joseph Andres, Com.; George C. Zimmerman, R. K. Reeves<br />

Hive No. 9, L. O. T. M.: Margaret Pfefferkorn, Com.; Mrs. Margaret<br />

Coo, R, K.; Louisa Lechler, F. A. Sandusky City Hive No. 101, L. O.<br />

T. M.: Mary Ohlemacher, L. C.; Anna Milne, R. K.; Bessie Wheeler,<br />

F.A.<br />

Masonic Science Lodge No. 50, F. & A. M.: W. M. Charles N. Ebert,<br />

secretary-treasurer. Perseverance Lodge No. 329, F. & A. M.: W. M.<br />

Robert Worden, secretary-treasurer. Sandusky City Chapter No. 72,<br />

R. A. M.: C. M. King, H. P.; Robert Worden, secretary; F. P. Zollinger,<br />

treasurer. Sandusky City Council No. 26, R. & S. M.: Emil L. Beehstein,<br />

T. I. M.; Robert Worden, recorder; F. P. Zollinger, treasurer.<br />

Erie Commandery No. 23, K. T.: E. C. Robert Worden, recorder-treasurer.<br />

Eleanor Chapter No. 331, O. E. S.: Eleanor Frohman, W. M.;<br />

Jennie Farwell Peck, secretary; Elizabeth Clark, treasurer.<br />

Odd FelloAvs Lodge No. 669, I. 0. 0. F.: Fred Hammond, N. G.;<br />

B. R. Jameson, R. S.; William Kubach, F. S. Erie Encampment No. 27,<br />

I. 0. 0. F.: Edmund Gillett, C. P.; M. N. Sissenwain,.scribe; John<br />

Ehrhardt, treasurer. Sandusky Bay Rebecca Lodge No. 175: Mrs.<br />

Charles J. Seele, N. G.; Mrs. Alma Knauer, secretary; Mrs. Elizabeth<br />

Williamson, treasurer.<br />

The Sandusky Ad Club—Frank Schnaitter, president; William H.<br />

Dilgart, vice president; C. G. Abbey, secretary-treasurer.<br />

Sandusky Business Men's Association—J. J-. Dauch, president; E. M.<br />

Vietmeier, vice president; J. G. Hauser, secretary; George A. Scheuer,<br />

treasurer.<br />

Sandusky Federation <strong>of</strong> Women's Clubs—Mrs. A. J. Scheuer, president<br />

; Mrs. E. A. Boyer, secretary; Mrs. J. W. Harris, treasurer.<br />

Sandusky Retail Grocers' & Butchers' Association—Frank Wetzler,<br />

president; Frank Windisch, secretary; August Thiem, treasurer.<br />

Sandusky Trades and Labor Assembly—Jay C. Mason, president;<br />

Frederick L. Butts, recording secretary; John Mischler, financial secretary<br />

; Charles Thorn, treasurer.<br />

Spanish-American War Veterans—Santa Clara Camp, U. S. W. V.:<br />

Charles E. Stroud, Com.; L. D. Lea, adjutant. Erambert Case Camp No.<br />

77, U. S. W. V. JOliver V. Cook, Oscar Ocley, S. V.; Adam Horn, Jr. V.<br />

Santa Clara Auxiliary: Mrs. Sarah Doerzbach, president; Mrs. C.<br />

Klemin, secretary.<br />

Sunyendeand Club—Roy Williams, president; E. W. Alstaetter, secretary<br />

; F. P. Zollinger, treasurer; Frank L. Smith, steAvard.<br />

United Commercial Travelers, Sandusky Council No. 278—A. F.<br />

Biemiller.<br />

Women's Christian Temperance Union—Ensign Union: Mrs. Charles<br />

RockAvell, president; Mrs. John Zook, secretary; Mrs. Charles A. Reeser,<br />

treasurer. Post Union: Mrs. A. F. Miller, president; Mrs. Es<strong>the</strong>r Deboe,<br />

secretary; Mrs. William Meyers, treasurer.<br />

Women's Relief Corps—McMeens Corps: Mrs. Jennie ToAvnsend,<br />

president; Mrs. F. IT. Montgomery, secretary; Mrs. Henrietta Weis,<br />

treasurer.

CHAPTER XVII<br />

COMMERCE OF SANDUSKY<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> March 5, 1827, contained a detailed review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

commerce <strong>of</strong> Sandusky from <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first number <strong>of</strong> that paper<br />

in April, 1822, to <strong>the</strong> former date. From that, it appeared that <strong>the</strong><br />

number <strong>of</strong> lake arrivals each year was as follows: 1822, 178; 1823, 190;<br />

1824, 254; 1825, 286; 1826, 355. The latter were from <strong>the</strong> following<br />

named ports: Detroit, 150; Buffalo, 131; Black Rock, 40; Cleveland, 13;<br />

Maumee, 6; Erie, 3; Canada, 2; Michilimackinac (Mackinac), 2; Green<br />

Bay, 1; Ashtabula, 1. Of <strong>the</strong> arrivals, 168 were <strong>of</strong> steamboats (<strong>the</strong><br />

Chippewa, Henry Clay, Superior, Enterprise, Pioneer, Niagara, and<br />

William Penn) ; and 178 <strong>of</strong> schooners. The shortest season was that<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1823—from March 31st to December 13th; and <strong>the</strong> longest, 1824—<br />

from January 1st to December 29th—<strong>the</strong> bay being closed for two<br />

days only.<br />

In 1833 <strong>the</strong> boats that ran on Lake Erie were. The Sandusky,<br />

Bunker Hill, Milwaukee, Chesapeake, America and Indiana. «<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> December 8, 1846, states that 60,000 bushels <strong>of</strong><br />

wheat a week are shipped from Sandusky to Buffalo and Oswego.<br />

On October 30, 1850, 111,644 bushels <strong>of</strong> wheat were shipped from<br />

Sandusky. On November 10, 1851, <strong>the</strong> Register states that to November<br />

1st, 2,017,548 bushels <strong>of</strong> wheat and 558,016 bushels <strong>of</strong> corn were<br />

shipped from Sandusky. On April 5, 1854, <strong>the</strong> Register states sturgeon<br />

are caught so plentifully that <strong>the</strong>y could not be sold. As late as<br />

October 1, 1877, Linkenbach & Company caught a sturgeon weighing<br />

125 pounds.<br />

THE HARBOR<br />

From <strong>the</strong> earliest days <strong>of</strong> lake navigation, Sandusky harbor has<br />

been considered <strong>the</strong> best on <strong>the</strong> chain <strong>of</strong> lakes. Practically landlocked,<br />

it <strong>of</strong>fers a safe haven in time <strong>of</strong> storm and gives anchorage room for<br />

more vessels than any o<strong>the</strong>r harbor on <strong>the</strong> inland seas.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> early days <strong>of</strong> navigation, long before <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> steam vessels,<br />

this Avas <strong>the</strong> objective point <strong>of</strong> alt vessels that sailed <strong>the</strong> lakes. From<br />

<strong>the</strong> upper lakes lumber and o<strong>the</strong>r products were brought doAvn. From<br />

Sandusky, Venice and Milan were shipped in all directions <strong>the</strong> wheat<br />

• and corn grown on <strong>the</strong> fertile farms <strong>of</strong> interior Ohio. From <strong>the</strong> waters<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake came <strong>the</strong> myriads <strong>of</strong> fish caught by hardy fishermen and to<br />

<strong>the</strong> north and Avest Avent <strong>the</strong> products, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coal mines <strong>of</strong> Central<br />

Ohio. Passenger packets from Buffalo landed thousands <strong>of</strong> immigrants<br />

in Sandusky to find homes in <strong>the</strong> new country.<br />

Vol. 1—15<br />

225

226 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

With <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> steam vessels <strong>of</strong> deep draught, came a period<br />

when lake traffic fell <strong>of</strong>f, as <strong>the</strong> harbor Avas too shallow to accommodate<br />

<strong>the</strong> larger vessels. But, through <strong>the</strong> efforts-<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Sandusky<br />

and <strong>the</strong>ir representatives in Congress, wide and deep channels have been<br />

dug so that noAV <strong>the</strong> largest vessels on <strong>the</strong> lakes can not only enter and<br />

leave <strong>the</strong> harbor, but have plenty <strong>of</strong> room Avithin <strong>the</strong> channel.<br />

The main channel, leading in from <strong>the</strong> lake, is 400 feet wide and 21<br />

feet deep. At its junction with a lateral channel passing along <strong>the</strong><br />

water front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, is a deep basin in Avhich vessels can anchor or<br />

turn Avithout danger. The lateral channel is 21 feet deep and 300 feet<br />

wide and gives access to all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> docks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city's front.<br />

While traffic has not yet reached its maximum, <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

neAV channel is shown by <strong>the</strong> constantly increased tonnage <strong>of</strong> vessels<br />

entering and clearing from this port. At one dock alone—<strong>the</strong> South<br />

Shore Dock Company's—<strong>the</strong> tonnage outbound increased from 253,237,<br />

in 1906 to 1,753,893 in 1911, and shipments thus far this year indicate<br />

that <strong>the</strong> 2,000,000 mark will be passed before navigation closes. Outbound<br />

shipments are mostly coal, while sand and lumber come in.<br />

Ten years ago <strong>the</strong> customs <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> this port Avas operated at a loss<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Government and was maintained only because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> large enrollment<br />

<strong>of</strong> vessels in <strong>the</strong> district and <strong>the</strong> necessity for entering Canadian<br />

products, mainly not dutiable. NOAV it handles imports Avhich bring<br />

its receipts far in excess <strong>of</strong> its expenses.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> fiscal year ended June 30, 1912, 1,166 vessels entered<br />

Sandusky from foreign ports and 1,590 from domestic ports. Clearances<br />

for foreign ports totaled 1,257 vessels and for domestic ports,<br />

1,497 vessels. The value <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> port's exports to Canada, mostly coal,<br />

was $1,434,009. Imports were received from Italy, Spain, France, Germany,<br />

England and Canada, and <strong>the</strong> entries <strong>of</strong> merchandise free and<br />

dutiable, were 713 in number.<br />

Both <strong>the</strong> importing and exporting business <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> port have SIIOAVII<br />

a steady growth for some years past and <strong>the</strong>re is every reason to believe<br />

that before many years at <strong>the</strong> present groAvth, Sandusky will have<br />

reclaimed her old-time importance as a lake port. The establishment<br />

<strong>of</strong> new industries will contribute much tOAvard that end.<br />

In 1853 W. W. We<strong>the</strong>rell & Co. built large numbers <strong>of</strong> railroad cars<br />

for roads. On May 30, 1853, <strong>the</strong> Register notes <strong>the</strong>ir building tAA'o cars<br />

for <strong>the</strong> C, IT. & D. Railroad Company. At one order <strong>the</strong>y built fifty<br />

passenger cars for one road. They failed in <strong>the</strong> '60s because <strong>the</strong> Illinois<br />

Central ovA'ed <strong>the</strong>m over $<strong>20</strong>0,000 and <strong>the</strong> road Avent into insolvency.<br />

Their plant was <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Fulton and Washington streets. At<br />

<strong>the</strong> same time and for many years later <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Thorpe, NorcroSs &<br />

Thorpe used as a furniture factory <strong>the</strong> building IIOAV used as a post<strong>of</strong>fice<br />

annex.<br />

In 1865 Gregg, Oekoback & Co. operated a AA'ood factory in Sandusky.<br />

They had a main building 300 feet long by 80 feet Avide and tAvo<br />

stories high with painthouse and storehouses in addition. Besides making

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 227<br />

wheels and various kinds <strong>of</strong> woodwork, <strong>the</strong>y were engaged in manufacturing<br />

a sulky hay rake <strong>of</strong> J. HollingsAvorth & Co. for which <strong>the</strong>y<br />

Avere <strong>the</strong>n filling an order for 1,000 to be sold at $60 apiece. They <strong>the</strong>n<br />

employed over 100 hands. Their plant covered four acres <strong>of</strong> ground.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> season <strong>of</strong> 1907, 1,500,000 tons <strong>of</strong> coal were shipped from two<br />

docks at Sandusky. On August 31, 1912, <strong>the</strong> Register states <strong>20</strong>0,000<br />

tons <strong>of</strong> sand and 5,000 <strong>of</strong> fish had been shipped that season from Sandusky.<br />

On July 1, 1913, Sandusky becomes a sub-port and Charles P.<br />

CaldAAcll is placed in charge.<br />

MODERN TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES<br />

Sandusky's transportation facilities consist <strong>of</strong> five trunk line steam<br />

railroads, one electric line and by vessels to all points on <strong>the</strong> Great<br />

Lakes. Of <strong>the</strong> five railroads, Sandusky is <strong>the</strong> terminal <strong>of</strong> four, and<br />

furnishes direct and quick transit to all points east, Avest and south.<br />

Freight loaded in Sandusky on Monday, is delivered to consignee on<br />

Tuesday as far east as Cleveland, as far Avest as Toledo and south to<br />

Columbus. "Next day" deliveries are also made to Newark, Alliance,<br />

Lima and Dayton and intermediate points. Second d^y deliveries are<br />

made at Buffalo, Pittsburg, Chicago, Detroit, Indianapolis, <strong>Cincinnati</strong>,<br />

Portsmouth and Wheeling. ' *<br />

All five railroads have modern facilities for handling shipments,<br />

Avhe<strong>the</strong>r in carload lots or less and <strong>the</strong> rates are as favorable as at any<br />

point in this territory.<br />

The Lake Shore and Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Railway is <strong>the</strong> great east<br />

and west highway passing through Sandusky. It handles very much<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city's traffic and its service is prompt and efficient.<br />

The Lake Erie and Western, now a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NeAV York Central<br />

system, has its nor<strong>the</strong>rn terminus at Sandusky and brings to <strong>the</strong> city<br />

much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grain and farm products <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rich agricultural country<br />

through Avhich it passes betAA-een Sandusky and Bloomington, Illinois.<br />

Its traffic is handled at <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fices and Avarehouses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore and<br />

Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn.<br />

The Baltimore and Ohio makes Sandusky one <strong>of</strong> its leading lake<br />

terminals. The line entering <strong>the</strong> city AA'as formerly <strong>the</strong> Sandusky,<br />

Mansfield and NeAvark Raihvay, <strong>the</strong> second oldest raihvay in Ohio and<br />

extends south to NeAvark, but meets <strong>the</strong> tAvo main lines crossing Ohio<br />

at Chicago Junction, Avhere close passenger and freight connections are<br />

made. •<br />

The Cleveland, <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, Chicago and St. Louis enters Sandusky<br />

over <strong>the</strong> tracks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first raihvay line built in Ohio. Originally it AVIIS<br />

<strong>the</strong> Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad and extended from Sandusky<br />

to Springfield. This line is now <strong>the</strong> lake division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> system and<br />

passenger and freight connections are made Avith o<strong>the</strong>r parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

system at Bellefontaine, Springfield, Dayton and <strong>Cincinnati</strong>. Good<br />

passenger and freight service is given and <strong>the</strong> road does a heavy business<br />

in and out <strong>of</strong> Sandusky.

228 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The Pennsylvania enters Sandusky over <strong>the</strong> tracks <strong>of</strong> what was<br />

originally <strong>the</strong> Sandusky and Columbus Short Line. It operates as one<br />

division between Sandusky and Columbus and makes connections with<br />

its o<strong>the</strong>r lines at Carro<strong>the</strong>rs, Bucyrus and Columbus, giving quick service<br />

over all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lines <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> system.<br />

Over this line <strong>the</strong> Pennsylvania and Norfolk and Western railroads<br />

transport <strong>the</strong> bulk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coal destined to upper lake porta' and <strong>the</strong><br />

traffic during <strong>the</strong> navigation season is very heavy, aggregating about<br />

2,000,000 tons. In connection with <strong>the</strong> Pennsylvania, <strong>the</strong> South Shore<br />

Dock Company operates <strong>the</strong> docks at <strong>the</strong> west end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbor over<br />

which <strong>the</strong> coal is handled. The largest vessels <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lakes are loaded<br />

at <strong>the</strong>se terminals at <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong> 1,000 tons per hour, and during <strong>the</strong><br />

season, <strong>of</strong>ten three large vessels are loaded daily.<br />

Passenger traffic service, including express shipments, is exceptionally<br />

favorable to <strong>the</strong> traveler and to business. Frequent and Avell<br />

equipped trains are operated on all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> steam lines entering <strong>the</strong> city,<br />

while <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore Electric Railway operates a car every hour, each<br />

way, to points reached by its lines and fast limited" trains every two<br />

hours.<br />

Except <strong>the</strong> Twentieth Century Limited, all through trains on <strong>the</strong><br />

Lake Shore and Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn stop at Sandusky. The schedules<br />

are so arranged that <strong>the</strong> passenger can lejive for ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> East or West<br />

at almost any time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day he finds most convenient. In all, seventeen<br />

passenger trains stop at Sandusky every day—eight eastbound and<br />

nine westbound.<br />

The Lake Erie and Western runs four passenger trains daily and<br />

in <strong>the</strong> summer season this is usually increased to six.<br />

The Baltimore and Ohio, Pennsylvania and Big Four operate three<br />

trains each way daily.<br />

In addition to <strong>the</strong>se regular trains all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roads run numerous<br />

special excursion trains in <strong>the</strong> summer season, bringing over 800 people<br />

to <strong>the</strong> city to enjoy <strong>the</strong> summer resorts, to which Sandusky is <strong>the</strong><br />

gateway.<br />

Steamers ply daily between Sandusky, Put-in-Bay, Lakeside, Detroit<br />

and Cleveland. The service on <strong>the</strong>se lines is fast and <strong>of</strong> high character<br />

and <strong>the</strong> boats are usually croAvded with excursionists and pleasure<br />

seekers during <strong>the</strong> summer months.<br />

The Lake Shore Electric Railway has tAvo lines into Sandusky—<br />

<strong>the</strong> main line between Cleveland and Toledo and <strong>the</strong> Sandusky-Nonvalk<br />

branch. On <strong>the</strong> former, a car leaves in each direction every hour. Every<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r hour is a limited car which stops only at important stations and<br />

lands <strong>the</strong> Sandusky traveler in Cleveland in a trifle over tAvo hours and<br />

in Toledo in a little less than that time: The cars are roomy and comfortable<br />

and <strong>the</strong> service first class.<br />

A car leaves every hour and a half on <strong>the</strong> Sandusky-Nonvalk line,<br />

except in <strong>the</strong> summer season when an hourly schedule is maintained.<br />

Connection is made at Norwalk with <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn branch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lake<br />

Shore Electric and with cars through to Shelby and Mansfield.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 229<br />

MADE IN SANDUSKY<br />

These articles are made in Sandusky and sent all over <strong>the</strong> world:<br />

Auto trucks, auto axles, auto motors, auto transmissions, auto wheels,<br />

aeronautic motors, air compressors, baskets, bitters, boilers, bolsters,<br />

brass castings, brick, building tile, buggies, barrels, billiard chalk, blinds,<br />

carriages, carriage wheels, cigar boxes, corrugated bottle wrappers, corrugated<br />

paper boxes, corrugated paper bolsters, candy, cement, cement<br />

blocks, cider, crayons, chalks, champagne, dray wheels, doors, engine<br />

mufflers, friction clutches,- frictionless ball bearings, frictionless roller<br />

bearings, fish barrels, fire escapes, fish oil, farm motors, fertilizers, gas<br />

engines, gasoline engines, glass, glass blowing machines, gloves and mittens,<br />

grape juice, hollow tile, hydraulic machinery, inner casing for<br />

auto tires, iron castings, iron fences, ice tools, jail cells, kraut barrels,<br />

lime, machinery bearings, marine motors, nuts and bolts, ornamental<br />

iron work, oil engines, proprietary medicines, power boats, paints, paper<br />

mill machinery, pulleys, paper boxes, pumps, planes, row boats, school<br />

crayons, sashes, screens, skirts, soap, steel castings, truck wheels, tailors'<br />

chalk, thread cutting machines, underwear, vises, wagons, Avagon wheels,<br />

wines, wine machinery, Avine casks, Avood working machinery, wooden<br />

boxes, window glass, washing machines.<br />

INDUSTRIAL SANDUSKY<br />

When <strong>the</strong> up-to-date native <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Island <strong>of</strong> Java now takes his dusky<br />

swee<strong>the</strong>art out for a boat ride, in <strong>the</strong>se advanced days, he uses a motor<br />

boat, and <strong>the</strong> chances are that <strong>the</strong> motor which propels <strong>the</strong> little vessel<br />

through <strong>the</strong> tropic waters Avas constructed in Sandusky. Marine motors<br />

are being shipped from Sandusky factories to Java, China, South Africa<br />

and o<strong>the</strong>r far aAvay parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world.<br />

O<strong>the</strong>r Sandusky products have an equally wide distribution. The<br />

merchant tailor <strong>of</strong> Cape Town uses chalk made in Sandusky to mark his<br />

goods for cutting. The traveler on Australian-New Zealand steamers,<br />

groAving thirsty, finds his favorite vintage packed in corrugated paper<br />

Avrappers made in Sandusky. The traveler in Japan and China sees<br />

Sandusky made engines doing many kinds <strong>of</strong> work and <strong>the</strong> automobilist<br />

touring Europe, if he looks closely, will likely find that some important<br />

part <strong>of</strong> his machine has been made in Sandusky.<br />

Sandusky boxes, Sandusky carpenters' and farmers' tools, Sandusky<br />

barrels, Sandusky washing machines, Sandusky roller bearings, large and<br />

small, will be found all over <strong>the</strong> United States and in many foreign lands.<br />

No claim is made that Sandusky is a great manufacturing center<br />

compared Avith cities Avhere <strong>the</strong> steel industry has gained a strong foothold,<br />

but nei<strong>the</strong>r is Sandusky a "dead " city, industrially speaking. The<br />

products <strong>of</strong> its factories are noted everyAvhere for <strong>the</strong>ir high quality and<br />

every concern is doing a good, substantial business.<br />

A personal canvass during <strong>the</strong> past few Aveeks <strong>of</strong> a large majority <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> manufacturing plants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city revealed <strong>the</strong> fact that nearly all are

230 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

running to <strong>the</strong>ir capacity, while some are overcrowded with orders. There<br />

Avere few complaints <strong>of</strong> dull business, and <strong>the</strong>se came only from concerns<br />

Avhose products are out <strong>of</strong> season at this time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year.<br />

The newer industries and plants located largely through <strong>the</strong> efforts<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Business Men's Association, without exception, report growing<br />

business, and <strong>the</strong> prospects are bright for steadily increasing business, and<br />

already plans are being put into operation to run <strong>the</strong>se concerns to <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

full capacity in anticipation <strong>of</strong> increased demands for <strong>the</strong>ir products.<br />

Our older and Avell established plants report business steadily increasing<br />

and <strong>the</strong> outlook good.<br />

One healthy indication in <strong>the</strong> local industrial field is <strong>the</strong> effort to<br />

bring here concerns for whose product <strong>the</strong>re is a demand <strong>the</strong> year around,<br />

and older concerns, formerly, making products for Avhich <strong>the</strong> demand<br />

varied with <strong>the</strong> seasons, are taking on HCAV lines to insure a steady business<br />

all <strong>the</strong> year, so that men may be assured <strong>of</strong> regular employment.<br />

This tendency is noticeable in all lines <strong>of</strong> manufacture and its influence<br />

has already been felt among our Avage Avorkers.<br />

There is room in Sandusky, however, for more factories. Sites,<br />

suitable for ei<strong>the</strong>r large or small concerns, are to be had for <strong>the</strong> asking,<br />

provided <strong>the</strong> concern is <strong>of</strong> good standing, and our transportation facilities<br />

are not excelled by any city in Ohio. There is room, especially,<br />

for such industries as can utilize <strong>the</strong> products <strong>of</strong> existing concerns which<br />

are developing <strong>the</strong> natural resources <strong>of</strong> this territory. Any concern that<br />

can manufacture a marketable product using cement, stone, lime, sand<br />

or gypsum Avill find it especially advantageous to locate here. It is believed<br />

in some quarters that a factory that could utilize <strong>the</strong> immense<br />

fruit crop <strong>of</strong> this territory would do Avell.<br />

O<strong>the</strong>r natural resources are capable <strong>of</strong> development and <strong>the</strong>re are<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> good opportunities for enterprising men AVIIO have <strong>the</strong><br />

ability, with moderate capital, to grasp <strong>the</strong>m. While labor is IIOAV well<br />

employed, Sandusky has ahvays been remarkably free from labor troubles<br />

and strikes. Employers and employes keep on good terms, one w*ith<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r, and <strong>the</strong>re is every reason to believe this Avholesome state <strong>of</strong><br />

affairs Avill continue indefinitely.<br />

In compiling <strong>the</strong> statistics AA'hich form a part <strong>of</strong> this article, no<br />

account has been taken <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avine, stone, fish, cement, sand and ice industries,<br />

for <strong>the</strong> reason that each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se, based upon some natural<br />

resource, forms <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> separate articles which appear in o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

parts <strong>of</strong> this issue. The figures do, however, cover as accurately as<br />

possible all industries making products <strong>of</strong> iron and steel, textiles, Avood<br />

and paper, toge<strong>the</strong>r Avith <strong>the</strong> glass industry as IIOAV constituted, but not<br />

including <strong>the</strong> neAV factories which are soon to be in operation.<br />

In <strong>the</strong>se industries, forty-seven in number, <strong>the</strong>re is employed $4,449.-<br />

500 <strong>of</strong> capital. They give employment to an aA'erage <strong>of</strong> 2,488 people and<br />

<strong>the</strong>re is annually paid out for labor—not including <strong>of</strong>fice and executive<br />

payrolls—$1,261,900.<br />

The number <strong>of</strong> people employed and <strong>the</strong> aggregate pay includes both<br />

male and female and those classed as skilled and unskilled. It Avas

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 231<br />

found impossible to separate <strong>the</strong> figures as to <strong>the</strong>se classes. It may be<br />

said, however, that skilled workmen in Sandusky are able to command<br />

from $3 to $5 per day, and common labor is as well paid as in <strong>the</strong> larger<br />

cities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neighborhood, while <strong>the</strong> wages <strong>of</strong> women workers, as a rule,<br />

are better than in <strong>the</strong> larger cities.<br />

THE BREWERIES<br />

There is no man more familiar Avith <strong>the</strong> brewing business in this city<br />

than John G. Strobel, Avith <strong>the</strong> exception that he does not remember <strong>the</strong><br />

building where <strong>the</strong> Phoenix Brewery <strong>of</strong> C. S. Ifiggins, as first advertised<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Clarion, to have been located April 24, 1851, on lot 1, Water<br />

Street.<br />

The folloAving statement is by him:"" '' The first breAvery in <strong>the</strong> city<br />

Avas <strong>the</strong> Phoenix brewery, which is now used by John G. Dorn as a wine<br />

cellar. The next brewery Avas <strong>the</strong> brewery <strong>of</strong> Winson & Fox which was<br />

established in 1849 at <strong>the</strong> foot' <strong>of</strong> Harrison street and later became<br />

llg's brewery until 1864 when it' was conducted by Sorgel, Dorn &<br />

Raible until 1871 when it was purchased by Strobel and Ilg, and later<br />

by Jig & Co. AVIIO conducted it until it ceased business in <strong>the</strong> 80's."<br />

The directory <strong>of</strong> 1873 SIIOAVS George Baier conducting a brewery on<br />

<strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Jefferson Street, betAveen Putnam and Harrison. This<br />

AVIIS a small breAvery which later ceased doing business. At this time<br />

Winson & Fox conducted <strong>the</strong> Bay City Brewery, where Frank Stang<br />

later conducted a brewery.<br />

Kuebeler & Co. <strong>the</strong>n conducted a breAvery at <strong>the</strong> same location as at<br />

present.<br />

The directory <strong>of</strong> 1874 mentions Nicholas Wagner as having a brewery,<br />

but AVIIO he was or AA'here <strong>the</strong> breAvery Avas located is not knoAvn at present.<br />

On March 8, 1896, <strong>the</strong> Kuebeler and Stang breweries consolidated as<br />

<strong>the</strong> Kuebeler-Stang BreAving Co. On January 1, 1898, <strong>the</strong> Kuebeler-<br />

Stang BreAving Co. became part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cleveland & Sandusky BreAving<br />

Co., and both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> breAveries are still operated by <strong>the</strong> Cleveland &<br />

Sandusky BreAving Co. under <strong>the</strong> management <strong>of</strong> John Stang as <strong>the</strong> local<br />

vice president.<br />

On January 1, 1883, <strong>the</strong> Register states that <strong>the</strong>re Avere at that time<br />

321 saloons in <strong>the</strong> county and 244 in <strong>the</strong> city, AA'hich, Avith 16,000 population,<br />

gave a saloon to every sixty-five <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population.<br />

There has been for many years a small breAA'ery at Milan, originally<br />

conducted by John Scholl.<br />

In 1914 <strong>the</strong> Joseph Herb BreAving Co. was organized.<br />

FISHING INDUSTRY<br />

From its earliest beginnings, Sandusky has been <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

fresh Avater fish supply <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. It has been <strong>the</strong> largest and<br />

most important source <strong>of</strong> this necessity <strong>of</strong> life.<br />

For many years fishing Avas regarded as <strong>the</strong> city's principal industry<br />

and <strong>the</strong> product <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nets spread in every direction from this port Avas

232 HISTORY OF BRIE COUNTY<br />

shipped to all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. With <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> supply<br />

in o<strong>the</strong>r fresh waters, through artificial propagation, <strong>the</strong> market territory<br />

for <strong>the</strong> Sandusky caught product has necessarily been somewhat restricted,<br />

but <strong>the</strong> quantity caught in <strong>the</strong>se waters and shipped out from<br />

Sandusky has diminished comparatively little.<br />

Lake Erie whitefish, pickerel, herring, perch and catfish have long<br />

been regarded as choice delicacies everyAvhere and <strong>the</strong> demand for <strong>the</strong>m,<br />

particularly in <strong>the</strong> eastern states, is as heavy as ever. The greater part<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se fish are caught in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> and marketed from this city,<br />

where five companies do a prosperous business. Last year over 10,000,000<br />

pounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se fish Avere shipped from Sandusky alone, going to all<br />

parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> East and Middle West.<br />

N It is not easy to say to how many people <strong>the</strong> industry gives employment.<br />

The five companies operating here employ constantly nearly <strong>20</strong>0<br />

men, nearly all <strong>of</strong> Avhom live in Sandusky. But <strong>the</strong>re are many o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

Avho own and operate <strong>the</strong>ir own nets and do <strong>the</strong>ir own lifting and carrying<br />

to port, who sell <strong>the</strong>ir catches to <strong>the</strong>se companies. The number <strong>of</strong><br />

men and boats so engaged varies so much from time to time that any<br />

figures would be misleading.<br />

In addition to <strong>the</strong> fish brought directly into this port, those taken at<br />

Vermilion, Huron, Port Clinton and o<strong>the</strong>r neighboring ports are largely<br />

distributed from here, <strong>the</strong> orders passing through our local <strong>of</strong>fices.<br />

Some ten years ago, for a series <strong>of</strong> years, catches were very light and<br />

it was feared by many that Lake Erie had been "fished out." But<br />

since <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> supply has increased and <strong>the</strong> business has again become<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important <strong>of</strong> our local industries. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species<br />

<strong>of</strong> fish, formerly caught plentifully, have almost disappeared, but <strong>the</strong><br />

supply <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best varieties—whitefish, pickerel, herring and perch—<br />

seems to be growing greater from year to year. This is attributed, in<br />

large part, to artificial propagation at <strong>the</strong> Put-in-Bay hatchery, which<br />

annually hatches out billions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se fish, and when <strong>the</strong>y have groAvn<br />

to suitable size, places <strong>the</strong>m into <strong>the</strong> water <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake.<br />

Sanduskians are benefited by <strong>the</strong> plentitude <strong>of</strong> fish by <strong>the</strong> fact that<br />

<strong>the</strong> retail price here is much lower than anywhere else and <strong>the</strong> supply<br />

comes to <strong>the</strong> tables <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people in much fresher condition than is possible<br />

elsewhere. This latter is not so great an advantage as it was at one<br />

time, for <strong>the</strong> modern methods <strong>of</strong> packing and storage and <strong>the</strong> quick<br />

transportation facilities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se days enable shippers to deliver <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

product to distant points within a day or tAvo from <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> lifting<br />

<strong>the</strong> nets.<br />

Within <strong>the</strong> past few years <strong>the</strong> once despised carp has groAvn much<br />

in favor,* both Avith <strong>the</strong> public and with fishermen. Up to about ten<br />

years ago this species was regarded as a nuisance and a destroyer <strong>of</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>r and more pr<strong>of</strong>itable grades <strong>of</strong> fish. For some years <strong>the</strong>y were<br />

caught in great numbers and destroyed, or sold for fertilizer. Markets<br />

were found for <strong>the</strong>m, hoAvever, and noAV <strong>the</strong>re is a demand which sometimes<br />

exceeds <strong>the</strong> supply. They are sold mostly in eastern cities, but<br />

people in this section are becoming accustomed to using <strong>the</strong>m and <strong>the</strong>y

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 233<br />

are growing in favor where <strong>the</strong> finer kinds <strong>of</strong> fish are available. A<br />

considerable number <strong>of</strong> fishermen devote <strong>the</strong>ir efforts exclusively to this<br />

species and find it highly pr<strong>of</strong>itable.<br />

Like all o<strong>the</strong>r lines <strong>of</strong> business <strong>the</strong> fishing industry has become systematized<br />

within <strong>the</strong> past few years. The old-time free and easy methods<br />

<strong>of</strong> buying and selling have given way to modern methods, with <strong>the</strong> result<br />

that <strong>the</strong>re is a much steadier supply.<br />

SAND INDUSTRY<br />

Sandusky furnishes building sand for <strong>the</strong> greater part <strong>of</strong> Ohio and<br />

a considerable part <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r nearby states. The sand <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie, particularly<br />

that found in <strong>the</strong> neighborhood <strong>of</strong> Pelee Island, is <strong>of</strong> superior<br />

quality and is much in demand. F^our companies, operating six large<br />

sand-suckers, are engaged in <strong>the</strong> business and about <strong>20</strong>0,000 tons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

material is shipped out annually.<br />

The business gives employment to sixty-six people and during <strong>the</strong><br />

summer season is very active.<br />

Lake sand is used almost entirely now in building operations, though<br />

about 10,000 tons annually go to railroads and electric lines for use on<br />

engines and cars. The sand so used is <strong>of</strong> a specially fine grade and<br />

brings a better price than that used for building purposes.<br />

By <strong>the</strong> 1915 directory <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> Sandusky has '28 attorneys, 13<br />

bakeries, 35 barber shops, 2 breweries, 56 building contractors, 13 cigar<br />

factories, 23 churches, 16 dentists, 14 drug stores, 22 dry goods stores,<br />

8 wholesale fish dealers, 4 foundries, 76 groceries, 11 hardware stores,<br />

13 hotels, 33 factories, 24 doctors, 2 hospitals, 4 undertakers, 4 nevvspapers,<br />

8 <strong>the</strong>aters and 45 saloons.

CHAPTER XVIII<br />

SANDUSKY CITY SCHOOLS<br />

While much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> school history <strong>of</strong> Erie County as a whole can be<br />

found in <strong>the</strong> folloAving chapter, <strong>the</strong> reader should also consult <strong>the</strong> index<br />

for references to <strong>the</strong> educational affairs in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r toAvnships and<br />

communities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

As pro<strong>of</strong> that <strong>the</strong>re was school in Sandusky between 18<strong>20</strong> and 1835<br />

<strong>the</strong> folloAving facts are adduced:<br />

1. The record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first election in <strong>the</strong> city on <strong>the</strong> first Monday<br />

<strong>of</strong> May, 1824, states <strong>the</strong> election Avas held in <strong>the</strong> schoolhouse.<br />

2. The Clarion <strong>of</strong> November 5, 1.823, contains <strong>the</strong> following:<br />

Notice<br />

To <strong>the</strong> Patrons <strong>of</strong> Sandusky City Schools:<br />

All those indebted to me for teaching school are requested to settle <strong>the</strong><br />

same immediately, and save <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> agency. FRED DEVOE.<br />

3. The Clarion <strong>of</strong> December 8, 1827, announces <strong>the</strong> school <strong>of</strong><br />

A Cooke (<strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Charles E. and Geo. A. Cooke) in <strong>the</strong> second<br />

story <strong>of</strong> E. Clemons house, to be opened December 12, 1827.<br />

Mra. Mary DcAvey, <strong>the</strong> daughter <strong>of</strong> E. Clemons, states that this house<br />

stood on Market Street.<br />

It may, at some future time, be <strong>the</strong> pleasant duty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> historian<br />

to trace <strong>the</strong> educational progress in our country through <strong>the</strong> century<br />

in Avhich Ave live, and perhaps onward through o<strong>the</strong>r centuries.<br />

Tf this labor should eA'cr be undertaken, it will be found that, from<br />

about <strong>the</strong> year 1830, <strong>the</strong> conviction greAV rapidly stronger and deeper<br />

that <strong>the</strong>re is an inseparable connection betAveen good government and<br />

universal education, and that <strong>the</strong> best security for <strong>the</strong> prosperity <strong>of</strong><br />

any country or people lies in providing all practicable means to make<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avhole people both intelligent and virtuous.<br />

Not only <strong>the</strong> legislatures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> older states steadily and largely increased<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir appropriations for school purposes, but <strong>the</strong> older and more<br />

Avealthy cities from about <strong>the</strong> same period taxed <strong>the</strong>mselves most liberally<br />

for <strong>the</strong> same object. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> less-favored cities and smaller<br />

toAvns also acted in <strong>the</strong> same spirit and Avith <strong>the</strong> same enlightened zeal<br />

to secure <strong>the</strong> direct and immediate benefits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best possible training<br />

for all <strong>the</strong> children.<br />

Though beloAV several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cities <strong>of</strong> Ohio in AA'ealth, population and<br />

prosperity, still <strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> expenditures for <strong>the</strong> support, <strong>of</strong> schools<br />

for <strong>the</strong> last thirty-eight years must SIIOAV that Sandusky has kept at<br />

234

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 235<br />

least in even line with o<strong>the</strong>r cities <strong>of</strong> equal population in <strong>the</strong> steady and<br />

liberal support she has given to her public schools.<br />

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS FROM 1838 TO 1848, AND ANTECEDENT TO THE<br />

GRADED SYSTEM<br />

It is usually said that in 1818 on lot No. 1 on Wayne Street, <strong>the</strong>re<br />

was a log school building kept by Sallie Stimpson as a teacher, and in<br />

1819 Jennings & Darling built a school building on lot No. 7, Washington<br />

ROAV, which was used until <strong>the</strong> lot was sold by <strong>the</strong> toAvn proprietor.<br />

On November 5, 1823, <strong>the</strong> Clarion contained <strong>the</strong> folloAving notice:<br />

"To <strong>the</strong> Patrons <strong>of</strong> Sandusky City Schools: All those indebted to<br />

me for teaching school are requested to settle <strong>the</strong> same immediately and<br />

save <strong>the</strong> costs <strong>of</strong> agency.—Fred Devoe."<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> December 8, 1827, contains an advertisement that A.<br />

Cooke (fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> George A. and C. E. Cooke) would open a school in <strong>the</strong><br />

second story <strong>of</strong> E. E. Clemons' house on December 12, 1827. E. E.<br />

Clemons AA'as an early constable here, <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Mrs. Mary DeAvey,<br />

and lived on Market Street.<br />

In 1833 Mrs. Bois had a school in a frame building near Butts' hard-<br />

Avare store, and in 1836 Mrs. Elizabeth and Mary McNeal had a private<br />

school in <strong>the</strong> old courthouse, which Avas later kept by a Mrs. BroAvn.<br />

In 1837-38-39-40 Quincy Adams, B. F. Spaulding-and B. F. Hickox<br />

taught a pay school in <strong>the</strong> basement <strong>of</strong> Grace Church.<br />

Previous to <strong>the</strong> year 1838 Ave find feAV evidences <strong>of</strong> general interest<br />

in <strong>the</strong> public schools,in Sandusky.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 10th day <strong>of</strong> September; 1838, <strong>the</strong> folloAving entry AVIIS made<br />

upon <strong>the</strong> school records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city:<br />

"To Amos Earl, Recorder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> TOAVII <strong>of</strong> Sandusky:<br />

"Sir: You are hereby notified that on <strong>the</strong> 10th day <strong>of</strong> September,<br />

A. D: 1838, I appointed Lucas S. Beecher, S. B. Caldwell and Morse<br />

Fanvell school directors for <strong>the</strong> school district comprised within <strong>the</strong> limits<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corporation <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, with full povA'ers as such to act until<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir successors are duly elected and qualified.<br />

(Signed) "JOHN F. CAMPBELL,<br />

"Superintendent <strong>of</strong> Common Schools."<br />

The school records SIIOAV that this neAV board on <strong>the</strong> day <strong>of</strong> appointment<br />

(September 10, 1838) met with <strong>the</strong> school directors <strong>of</strong> Portland<br />

ToAvnsbip, namely, William Marshall, Moors FanA'ell, John G. Camp<br />

and Charles F. Drake, and, in, accordance with <strong>the</strong> laAV providing for<br />

such cases, annexed <strong>the</strong> entire territory <strong>of</strong> Portland ToAvnship to <strong>the</strong><br />

corporate TOAVII <strong>of</strong> Sandusky for school purposes.<br />

At an election held by <strong>the</strong> people, September"21, 1838, Oran Follett,<br />

Francis D. Parish and Samuel B. CahhA-ell Avere chosen directors.<br />

Tn a letter published July 21, 1868, in <strong>the</strong> Register, Mr. F. D. Parish<br />

says:<br />

"That <strong>the</strong> first frame building in Sandusky, knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> old White<br />

Store. AA'as on <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong> Water Street, next door AA'est <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>

236 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

premises now occupied by <strong>the</strong> Wells-Fargo Express Company. He fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />

says <strong>the</strong> first school house was built on <strong>the</strong> west end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lot later<br />

occupied by <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke (where <strong>the</strong> Star Theatre<br />

is now). This building was fitted up as a residence and occupied by<br />

Col. H. H. Wilcoxon for several years on <strong>the</strong> same spot where it was<br />

erected. Col. Wilcoxon was a prominent business man at an early day.<br />

"About 1826-7 Isaac Darling built ano<strong>the</strong>r school house on <strong>the</strong><br />

ground now occupied by Grace Episcopal Church, which was removed<br />

later to lot 50 Wayne Street, and was torn down in 1868."<br />

October 10,1838. At a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> directors, present, F. D. Parish,<br />

0. Follett and S. B. CaldAvell ordered that <strong>the</strong>re shall be tAvo male<br />

teachers hired for three months from <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> NoA'ember, next, and<br />

that tAvo female teachers be also employed from <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> November, and<br />

that suitable rooms for said schools be engaged in such parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> district<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky as Avill best accommodate <strong>the</strong> same.<br />

(Signed) F. D. PARISH, Chairman.<br />

In pursuance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> above order, Mr. Orlando Ransom and Miss Ann<br />

Gustin and Miss E. Hendry Avere employed as teachers for <strong>the</strong> winter<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1838-39. The expenditure <strong>of</strong> wages for teachers, rent <strong>of</strong> rooms and<br />

fuel amounted, for this school year, to $355. Nothing appeared on <strong>the</strong><br />

school records until some years later <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> children in <strong>the</strong><br />

district, or <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir attendance upon <strong>the</strong> schools.<br />

October 10, 1838, J. N. Davidson, William B. Smith and Henry F.<br />

Merry were eleqted school directors. November 9, 1839, it was resolved<br />

by <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> directors to rent three rooms in <strong>the</strong> Methodist Chapel,<br />

one room <strong>of</strong> a brick building in <strong>the</strong> Western Liberties, one room in <strong>the</strong><br />

Presbyterian Church, and two rooms in Grace Church, for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong><br />

schools from 1838 to 1840.<br />

December 4, 1840, Z. W. Barker was elected school director.<br />

The teachers for <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1839-40 were Mr. D. Higbie, at $30 per<br />

month; Mr. Noah Merrill, at $25 per month; Miss Mary L. Brown, at $24<br />

per month; Miss Ann S. Gustin, $14; Miss Sarah A. Brown, $14, and<br />

Miss Martha J. McEhvain at $15 per month.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1840-41 <strong>the</strong>re was one male teacher, Mr. Charles<br />

Cochran, and <strong>the</strong>re were five female teachers at salaries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> previous<br />

year. No record <strong>of</strong> any summer school for this year.<br />

September 17, 1841, Earl Bill, Zenas W. Barker and William W.<br />

We<strong>the</strong>rell Avere elected school directors.<br />

October 11, 1841. The foregoing named directors-elect, failing to<br />

take <strong>the</strong> oath <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice as required by laAV, Charles W. Cochran, <strong>the</strong>n<br />

acting school .superintendent, appointed William W. We<strong>the</strong>rell, Zenas<br />

W. Barker and Foster M. Follett, school directors.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> Avinter <strong>of</strong> 1841-42 tAvo male teachers, Rev. B. H. Hickox<br />

and Mr. S. Jefferson, Avere employed, <strong>the</strong> former at $30, <strong>the</strong> latter at $28<br />

per month, but Mr. Hickox Avas to ring <strong>the</strong> church bell for <strong>the</strong> assembling<br />

<strong>of</strong> scholars, which perhaps accounts for <strong>the</strong> difference in <strong>the</strong>ir Avages.<br />

There were five female teachers also employed during this term.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 237<br />

In <strong>the</strong> school report made September 16, 1842, by A. Root, we find<br />

<strong>the</strong>re had been enrolled during that year, in all <strong>the</strong> schools, 193 males<br />

and 184 females, total 377. The following item is from <strong>the</strong> same report:<br />

"There being no school houses in <strong>the</strong> district, we rented school rooms<br />

and incurred o<strong>the</strong>r expenses in support <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> schools to <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong><br />

$174. We Avere aLso under <strong>the</strong> necessity <strong>of</strong> purchasing a stove at a cost<br />

<strong>of</strong> $12, and a Avriting table AA'hich cost $4, both <strong>of</strong> which are now on<br />

hand and will be useful in furnishing <strong>the</strong> school houses hereafter to be<br />

built."<br />

So it seemed that <strong>the</strong> first public school property <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky AvaS a stove and a writing table, toge<strong>the</strong>r yalued at $16; that<br />

<strong>the</strong> title to <strong>the</strong>se was acquired in 1842, and that <strong>the</strong> hope was <strong>the</strong>n cherished<br />

that <strong>the</strong>se would '' be useful in' furnishing <strong>the</strong> school houses <strong>the</strong>reafter<br />

to be built."<br />

The same report states that a tax <strong>of</strong> 2 mills on <strong>the</strong> dollar was levied<br />

on <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> district for school purposes, and that this levy<br />

produced $242; that $175 <strong>of</strong> this Avas <strong>the</strong>n collected, <strong>the</strong> balance being<br />

delinquent.<br />

(By reference to Haskell and Smith's Gazetteer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States,<br />

we find that Sandusky at this time contained about 300 dwellings and<br />

1,<strong>20</strong>0 inhabitants.)<br />

September 16, 1842. A. H. Moss, F. M. Follett and Z. W. Barker<br />

Avere elected school directors. There were two male teachers and four<br />

female teachers employed during <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1842-43.<br />

The branches taught were "Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Grammar,<br />

Geography and Philosophy.'' School funds received from all sources this<br />

year, $349.09.<br />

September 19,1843. Henry F. Merry was elected school director.<br />

ERECTION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS<br />

October 14, 1843. At a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> voters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> school district<br />

it was, on motion <strong>of</strong> Eleu<strong>the</strong>rous Cooke, '' resolved, that a Committee <strong>of</strong><br />

three be appointed to prepare and present a plan for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong><br />

one or more school houses in <strong>the</strong> toAvn <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, to ascertain <strong>the</strong> plans<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> said Directors for such school house or houses, and <strong>the</strong> probable<br />

expense <strong>of</strong> building <strong>the</strong>m; to inquire into <strong>the</strong> expediency <strong>of</strong> locating one<br />

or more <strong>of</strong> said buildings in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Grounds, or <strong>of</strong> purchasing one or<br />

more lots for that purpose, and to report <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir labors and<br />

inquiries at an adjourned meeting, toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong>ir opinion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

expediency <strong>of</strong> erecting at present such building or buildings."<br />

On motion, Moors Farwellj Alexander M. Porter and Zenas W. Barker<br />

Avere appointed such committee.<br />

February 21, 1844. The above committee reported in favor <strong>of</strong> purchasing<br />

lots near <strong>the</strong> east and west markets and ano<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> "Western<br />

Liberties" on which to erect buildings, and concluded by saying: "Your<br />

committee suppose that <strong>the</strong> proper site for <strong>the</strong> High School is <strong>the</strong> <strong>Public</strong>

238 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Square, and <strong>the</strong> plan <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building should be such as will be both<br />

creditable and ornamental to <strong>the</strong> toAvn."<br />

The qualified electors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn assembled, pursuant to notice, to<br />

hear <strong>the</strong> report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> committee, approved <strong>the</strong> same and voted to have<br />

<strong>the</strong> buildings erected.<br />

Winter <strong>of</strong> 1843-44. Three male and four female teachers AA'ere employed<br />

in <strong>the</strong> schools.<br />

September <strong>20</strong>, 1844. Foster M. Follett Avas re-elected school director.<br />

The expenses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> schools for this school year Avere $535.22 and <strong>the</strong><br />

branches taught Avere reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar and<br />

geography.<br />

During portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year 1844-45 AVC find Mr. Homer.GoodAvin,<br />

Mr. A. AV. Nason, Mr. John R. Johnson and Mr. E. P. Jones making <strong>the</strong><br />

list <strong>of</strong> male teachers, and Miss L. A. McEhvain, Miss Ann Gustin and<br />

Miss Mary E. GoodAvin <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> lady teachers.<br />

The branches taught were reading, writing, arithmetic, geography,<br />

Latin and philosophy. Cost <strong>of</strong> sustaining <strong>the</strong> schools, $519.24. Charles<br />

B. Squires Avas elected school director September <strong>20</strong>, 1845. The several<br />

school buildings, voted by <strong>the</strong> people February 21, 1844, were completed<br />

and occupied a part <strong>of</strong> this year, 1845. Cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four buildings, including<br />

three lots, fences, desks and o<strong>the</strong>r furniture, with interest on<br />

money loaned, $6,050.<br />

School year <strong>of</strong> 1845-46. November 1, 1845, <strong>the</strong> folloAving appointments<br />

<strong>of</strong> teachers Avere made by <strong>the</strong> directors: A. C. Heustis, principal<br />

<strong>of</strong> high school, $45 per month; A. W. Nason, assistant, $30 per month;<br />

Miss L. A. McEhvain, preceptress, $18 per month, and Mr. E. P. Jones,<br />

Mr. E. Merry, Jr., and Mr. J. B. Johnson, for <strong>the</strong> district schools<br />

in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r parts <strong>of</strong> toAvn, at $26 per month each. Also Miss Smith,<br />

Miss White and Miss Latscha at $14 per month each. In September,<br />

1846, <strong>the</strong> annual school report shoAved an attendance <strong>of</strong> 371 scholars in<br />

all <strong>the</strong> schools. The branches taught in <strong>the</strong> high school Avere reading,<br />

spelling, Avriting, arithmetic, grammar, geography, Latin, French,<br />

philosophy, chemistry and physiology. Tuition expenses for <strong>the</strong> school<br />

year $808.61. II. F. Merry was re-elected school director, September<br />

, 18, 1846.<br />

The folloAving teachers AA'ere appointed for <strong>the</strong> Avinter <strong>of</strong> 1846-47:<br />

Males—A. C. ITuestis, A. M. Barker, E. P. Jones, James W. Shankland,<br />

James EA'ers. Ladies—L. A. McEhvain, L. M. Jones, D. R. Whipple,<br />

L. 13. Sprague, A. D. Latscha, M. Strong and E. Brewster.<br />

February 15, 1847. Cuyler Leonard AA'as appointed school director<br />

by <strong>the</strong> toAvnsbip clerk to fill <strong>the</strong> vacancy caused by <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> C. 13.<br />

Squire.<br />

July 19, 1847. A. W. Nason Avas elected principal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> high school<br />

at a salary <strong>of</strong> $35 per month; July 29, 1847, Miss Eliza Moore was<br />

elected teacher at $14 per month; August 26, Miss M. Johns Avas elected<br />

teacher at $15 per month; September 6, 1847, pupils enrolled during <strong>the</strong><br />

year, 490. Branches taught, same as previous year, with algebra and<br />

astronomy added. F. M. Follett re-elected school director. The teachers

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 239<br />

for <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1848 were Mr. A. W. Nason, principal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> high<br />

school; o<strong>the</strong>r teachers and for o<strong>the</strong>r schools, Mr. H. Goodwin, Mr. E. P.<br />

Jones, Mr. H. P. Hall. Ladies, Miss M. Johns, Miss L. A. McElwain,<br />

Miss L. A. Jones, Miss E. Moore, Miss L. A. Sprague, Miss S. Irvin,<br />

Miss D. R. Whipple and Miss E. C. Cooper. During <strong>the</strong> first part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

fall term <strong>of</strong> 1848, Mr. S. Minor acted as principal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> high school;<br />

during <strong>the</strong> last part Mr. Homer Goodwin Avas employed. Miss Helen<br />

Follett, Miss E. LeAvis, Miss M. Barrett, Miss II. M. Hoyt and Miss L.<br />

Barney AA'ere elected as teachers for <strong>the</strong> fall term <strong>of</strong> 1848.<br />

It -will be observed from <strong>the</strong> foregoing sketch that <strong>the</strong> money and<br />

labors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> school directors Avere mostly expended upon <strong>the</strong> Avinter<br />

schools. There are, however, allusions to summer schools, supported<br />

partly by public funds, helped through by rate bills, or sustained<br />

entirely by rate bills. It is due to <strong>the</strong> liberality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public school<br />

managers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> period just passed over to state that none Avere excluded<br />

from <strong>the</strong> schools sustained in any part by public funds, and that<br />

bills for tuition or current expenses were never presented to such as<br />

Avere not entirely able to pay.<br />

Before proceeding to speak <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> adoption <strong>of</strong> a more full graded<br />

system, next in order, it is proper to refer to<br />

THE FIRST TEACHERS INSTITUTE IN OHIO<br />

It is due <strong>the</strong> memory <strong>of</strong> a feAV persons and is also but simple justice<br />

to <strong>the</strong> public spirit <strong>of</strong> this city at that early day <strong>of</strong> educational efforts<br />

to state that <strong>the</strong> first teachers institute held in Ohio, specially intended<br />

to benefit teachers <strong>of</strong> all grades <strong>of</strong> schools, was organized in Sandusky,<br />

September 2, 1845.<br />

Hon. E. Lane, Rev. L. Hull and C. B. Squires were particularly<br />

active and earnest in procuring instructors and lecturers and in securing<br />

<strong>the</strong> attendance <strong>of</strong> teachers from Erie and surrounding counties,<br />

and in o<strong>the</strong>r ways contributing to make <strong>the</strong> institute, <strong>the</strong>n an experiment,<br />

a most undoubted success. While <strong>the</strong>y soon had <strong>the</strong> satisfaction <strong>of</strong> feeling<br />

that <strong>the</strong>y had judged correctly and acted wisely respecting <strong>the</strong> local<br />

and immediate value <strong>of</strong> a teachers' institute upon <strong>the</strong> schools <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city<br />

and county, <strong>the</strong>y, proudly, little suspected Avhat radical changes in<br />

school laAvs and school instruction in Ohio might result from this first<br />

right beginning.<br />

Ninety-seven teachers AA'ere enrolled as members <strong>of</strong> this first insti-<br />

* i<br />

tute. The instructors Avere Hon. Salem ToAvn <strong>of</strong> New York; Asa D. Lord<br />

and M. F. CoAvdery <strong>of</strong> Ohio. Lectures on special subjects Avere given<br />

during <strong>the</strong> session by Hon. S. ToAvn, Hon. E. Lane, A. D. Lord, C. B.<br />

Squires, Lyman Preston and M. F. CoAvdery. The session continued one<br />

Aveek and closed with a general and cordial expression <strong>of</strong> opinion that<br />

such meetings <strong>of</strong> teachers for <strong>the</strong> discussion <strong>of</strong> questions <strong>of</strong> practical<br />

value in <strong>the</strong> schoolroom Avere deserving <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> highest commendation.

240 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

ADOPTION AND ORGANIZATION OP THE GRADED SCHOOL SYSTEM<br />

In November, 1848, <strong>the</strong> three school directors <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, Foster<br />

M. Follett, Henry F. Merry and Cuyler Leonard, elected, and <strong>the</strong>n<br />

acting under <strong>the</strong> general school law <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, employed <strong>the</strong> writer <strong>of</strong><br />

this sketch to take <strong>the</strong> supervision <strong>of</strong> all schools <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city and to adopt<br />

such classification <strong>of</strong> pupils as <strong>the</strong> condition <strong>of</strong> buildings and o<strong>the</strong>r circumstances<br />

Avould permit.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> first Monday in December, 1848, in pursuance <strong>of</strong> notice previously<br />

given, <strong>the</strong> pupils <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> several schools assembled at <strong>the</strong> high<br />

school building to be examined in <strong>the</strong>ir several studies and distributed<br />

into four distinct grades, according to pr<strong>of</strong>iciency. The names <strong>of</strong> grades<br />

<strong>the</strong>n adopted were primary, secondary, grammar and high schools.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first week four primary schools, with an average<br />

<strong>of</strong> about sixty-five pupils each; three secondary, vvith about sixty pupils<br />

each; tAvo grammar schools with about eighty pupils each, and one high<br />

school with about sixty pupils, stood in place <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> several hi<strong>the</strong>rto<br />

unclassified district schools <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city.<br />

In view both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> very radical character <strong>of</strong> this change and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

very limited number <strong>of</strong> classified schools in Ohio, or elsewhere, that<br />

might be referred to as precedents, <strong>the</strong>re was a far more prompt and<br />

cheerful acquiescence on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public than was anticipated<br />

by those having <strong>the</strong> work in charge.<br />

The board <strong>of</strong> school directors, by whose express permission and<br />

under whose special direction <strong>the</strong> public schools were first graded, consisted<br />

<strong>of</strong> Foster M. Follett, Henry F. Merry and Cuyler Leonard.<br />

The teachers first placed in charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se graded schools were:<br />

Miss Fanny B. Stone, Miss Matilda Barrett, Miss L. Barney and Miss<br />

Almira Smith, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> primary schools; Miss Eliza Lewis, Miss H. M.<br />

Hoyt and Miss E. Moore, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> secondary schools; Miss Helen Follett,<br />

Miss E. Barker, Miss A. Osborn and Mr. W. H. Nye, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grammar<br />

schools. Mrs. M. F. Cowdery and Miss L. A. McElwain were appointed<br />

assistant teachers in <strong>the</strong> high school, and Mr. M. F. Cowdery, principal<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> high school and superintendent <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> schools.<br />

A few weeks <strong>of</strong> patient labor sufficed to satisfy both teacher and <strong>the</strong><br />

public that <strong>the</strong> change to <strong>the</strong> graded plan was a step in <strong>the</strong> right direction,<br />

but to those having <strong>the</strong> schools in charge it was but a single step.<br />

The act itself <strong>of</strong> establishing <strong>the</strong> grades involved many o<strong>the</strong>r questions<br />

Avhich must be at once considered, some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m very speedily decided.<br />

How many classes shall <strong>the</strong>re be in each grade? What work shall <strong>the</strong>se<br />

classes, in a gh'en time, be expected to do? IIOAV long Avill <strong>the</strong>se pupils<br />

remain in <strong>the</strong> grade in AA'hich <strong>the</strong>y are noAV placed ? IIOAV Avill <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>iciency<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> classes be tested when such are candidates for promotion ?<br />

In Avhat particular respects is more thoroughness to be sought in graded<br />

schools than under <strong>the</strong> former ungraded plan, with <strong>the</strong> youngest pupils ?<br />

What can children from six^to eight years <strong>of</strong> age, safely, cheerfully,<br />

healthfully, thoroughly learn ? What from eight to ten ? What from ten<br />

to twelve? IIOAV much attempted in <strong>the</strong> high school? IIOAV much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 241<br />

high school, as a feature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> system, had not now many evolved and<br />

bitter enemies and doubting friends? And how much can be wisely<br />

attempted in <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>n state <strong>of</strong> public opinion?<br />

What are <strong>the</strong> very "best methods <strong>of</strong> teaching reading, spelling,<br />

geography and arithmetic? What must be done with tardy pupils, with<br />

all sorts <strong>of</strong> delinquent pupils? What shall be done with pr<strong>of</strong>anity,<br />

falsehood and outcropping depravity generally, and what reAvards shall<br />

be promised to <strong>the</strong> industrious and obedient? Can <strong>the</strong> young be won<br />

to a noble and virtuous life by any human skill or persuasion? And,<br />

fur<strong>the</strong>r back still, is <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> character at all included in <strong>the</strong><br />

duties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> teacher? ••<br />

S. S. COTTON<br />

Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se questions have, <strong>of</strong> course, received attention in former<br />

schools and under widely different circumstances, but a fresh and deeper<br />

significance Avas given to each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se problems as new possibilities in<br />

instruction seemed to be dawning .with <strong>the</strong> adoption <strong>of</strong> graded schools<br />

for all <strong>the</strong> children.<br />

As <strong>the</strong> school Avork went fonvard, some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se difficulties disappeared<br />

from <strong>the</strong> list, Avith little direct conscious effort on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong><br />

those chiefly concerned, while o<strong>the</strong>rs AA'ere only to be vanquished by <strong>the</strong><br />

gradual approaches, <strong>the</strong> deep trenches, <strong>the</strong> persistence and courage by<br />

Avhich alone strong fortresses are reduced.<br />

Noting events chronologically it should be here stated tha*-ttre "act<br />

for <strong>the</strong> better organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public schools mja&m, towns, etc.,"<br />

Vol.1 —16

242 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Avas passed by <strong>the</strong> Ohio Legislature in February, 1849, and during <strong>the</strong><br />

first term <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> schools <strong>of</strong> this city under <strong>the</strong> graded system. As soon<br />

as an au<strong>the</strong>nticated copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> law could be procured from Columbus,<br />

<strong>the</strong> required "Avritten notices Avere posted up in three public places,"<br />

calling upon <strong>the</strong> qualified electors to assemble at <strong>the</strong> expiration <strong>of</strong> ten<br />

days and vote for or against <strong>the</strong> adoption <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> special law.<br />

When <strong>the</strong> election occurred, <strong>the</strong> law AVIIS adopted Avithout a dissenting<br />

vote, and, Avith scarcely a Avord <strong>of</strong> change, remained <strong>the</strong> school IIIAV<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city until superseded by <strong>the</strong> codified school IHAVS <strong>of</strong> 1873. The<br />

adoption <strong>of</strong> this laAV at this time gave a new impetus to Avhat had already<br />

been begun. Increasing <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> directors from three to six.<br />

enlarging and defining <strong>the</strong> poAvers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IICAV board, and, best <strong>of</strong> all,<br />

providing by equal taxation upon all <strong>the</strong> property for <strong>the</strong> maintenance<br />

<strong>of</strong> good schools, open alike to <strong>the</strong> poor and <strong>the</strong> rich, and free to every<br />

nationality and every race.<br />

Although <strong>the</strong> adoption <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> special laAV at this time did not directly<br />

aid. in solving <strong>the</strong> more pr<strong>of</strong>essional problems before alluded to, it AVIIS<br />

exceedingly inspiriting to teachers to feel that a fairer day Avas dawning<br />

upon <strong>the</strong>ir labors and prospects than <strong>the</strong>y had ever before knoAvn.<br />

The neAV members elected under <strong>the</strong> special la.w, Earl Bill, David<br />

Souter and F. T. Barney, cordially concurred in <strong>the</strong> grading <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

schools as <strong>the</strong>y found <strong>the</strong>m organized under <strong>the</strong> former members, F. M.<br />

Follett, H. F. Merry and Cuyler Leonard, and noAV, toge<strong>the</strong>r, constituting<br />

<strong>the</strong> new board.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> 1850 <strong>the</strong>re was added to <strong>the</strong> foregoing<br />

grades an unclassified school. It was found after a year <strong>of</strong> experience<br />

Avith four grades, that pupils most regular in attendance and most industrious<br />

in <strong>the</strong>ir studies, were continually interrupted and hindered<br />

in progress by accessions to <strong>the</strong> classes <strong>of</strong> pupils who Avere many months<br />

behind <strong>the</strong>m in attainments. Many children were sent into <strong>the</strong> schools<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> full knoAvledge that <strong>the</strong>y would remain but <strong>the</strong> winter months,<br />

or for less time, and AA'ere exceedingly reluctant to undertake <strong>the</strong> regular<br />

Avork prescribed for <strong>the</strong> grades.<br />

Fur<strong>the</strong>r, if pr<strong>of</strong>iciency in <strong>the</strong> studies Avas rigidly made <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong><br />

admission or assignment to grades, a great diversity <strong>of</strong> ages would be<br />

brought toge<strong>the</strong>r—children, unlike in sympathies, must be placed side<br />

by side, <strong>the</strong>reby seriously increasing <strong>the</strong> labors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> teacher both with<br />

reference to <strong>the</strong> discipline <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> school and <strong>the</strong> instruction <strong>of</strong> classes,<br />

and, at <strong>the</strong> same time, abridging <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> both. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, wherever<br />

a thousand children are collected from <strong>the</strong> entire population, <strong>the</strong>re will<br />

be cases <strong>of</strong> exceptional home training, or lack <strong>of</strong> average gifts to master<br />

all <strong>the</strong> studies, or <strong>of</strong> strong and deep hostility to Avholesome authority,<br />

which are far better managed in a special school under a teacher with<br />

special ability for such varied duties. The state recognizes <strong>the</strong> sane'<br />

general principle in establishing separate schools for blind, mute and<br />

imbecile children. Blameless, yet unfortunate, <strong>the</strong>se children are so<br />

unlike those in <strong>the</strong> schools at home that <strong>the</strong>y cannot <strong>the</strong>n* be pr<strong>of</strong>itably<br />

instructed, and are so unlike each o<strong>the</strong>r that special instruction must

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 243<br />

be provided for each class. An unclassified school was <strong>the</strong>refore added<br />

to <strong>the</strong> grades and was found to be <strong>of</strong> such practical value in relieving<br />

<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r grades <strong>of</strong> transient pupils and <strong>of</strong> conferring far greater benefits<br />

upon <strong>the</strong> same pupils Avhile <strong>the</strong>y did remain, that a single school <strong>of</strong> this<br />

character Avas continued until 1871, or later—twenty-one years or more.<br />

THE SANDUSKY HIGH SCHOOL<br />

It will be remembered that <strong>the</strong> building intended for <strong>the</strong> high school<br />

Avas first occupied for this purpose in 1845.<br />

Nothing appears upon <strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> qualifications for admission,<br />

or <strong>the</strong> studies to be pursued, but <strong>the</strong> school report for that year SIIOAVS<br />

that, in addition to <strong>the</strong> common branches, classes AA'ere taught in "Latin<br />

and Philosophy."<br />

In 1846, <strong>the</strong> sciences taught, besides <strong>the</strong> common branches, Avere<br />

philosophy, chemistry, physiology, and <strong>the</strong> Latin and French languages.<br />

In 1847, algebra and astronomy Avere added to <strong>the</strong> above list, and<br />

140 pupils enrolled as members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> school.<br />

While <strong>the</strong>re was much gratification felt among parents that Sandusky<br />

had, at last, a high school for her own where something more<br />

than elementary branches could be studied Avithout sending <strong>the</strong>ir children<br />

from home, still <strong>the</strong> school directors found that such a school without<br />

any fixed and known rules and conditions <strong>of</strong> admission, and without<br />

a regular course <strong>of</strong> study, made <strong>the</strong>ir position a very awkward and embarrassing<br />

one. Hence <strong>the</strong> grading <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> schools at <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong><br />

this year, 1848, and <strong>the</strong> adoption, a little later, <strong>of</strong> such a course <strong>of</strong><br />

study for <strong>the</strong> high school as <strong>the</strong> wants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public seemed to require.<br />

It is believed that one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most delicate and difficult duties which<br />

superintendents <strong>of</strong> school boards have had to perform in Ohio for <strong>the</strong><br />

last twenty-five years has been to make up <strong>the</strong> best possible course <strong>of</strong><br />

study for <strong>the</strong>ir respective high schools. For it is to be remembered<br />

that no human wisdom can frame a course <strong>of</strong> study for a public high<br />

school that would be suited to all tastes, or adapted to all localities. And<br />

it is also to be remembered that twenty-five years ago <strong>the</strong> high school,<br />

as a component part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> common school system, AA'as ah experiment<br />

and a problem to be solved, and that it AA'as necessary to proceed Avith<br />

great caution in introducing sciences or extending studies that involved<br />

an additional tax upon <strong>the</strong> public treasury.<br />

In our OAVII city, <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> languages had fallen into such disfavor<br />

that a resolution- Avas adqpted at a public meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> taxpayers-and<br />

qualified voters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, April-8, 1848, "That all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

school houses IIOAV in <strong>the</strong> district, and IIOAV proposed to be built, shall<br />

be used only for common school, excluding all except <strong>the</strong> English<br />

branches." It Avas necessary, <strong>the</strong>refore, in preparing a eourse for our<br />

high school, not only to omit <strong>the</strong> Latin, ahvays and everyAvhere so essential<br />

to good scholarship, but also <strong>the</strong> Greek and modern languages. The<br />

natural sciences and ma<strong>the</strong>matics must be extended considerably out <strong>of</strong><br />

proportion to meet this, <strong>the</strong>n, popular prejudice. The early graduates,

244 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

or many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, made a pleasant acquaintance with several Latin<br />

authors by means <strong>of</strong> private instruction. At <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> about twelve<br />

years, March 14, 1860, on petition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> education, signed by<br />

R. B. Hubbard and twenty-seven o<strong>the</strong>rs, "praying that said Board<br />

Avould authorize a class to be formed in <strong>the</strong> High School for <strong>the</strong> purpose<br />

<strong>of</strong> teaching Latin and Greek, and that each scholar joining said class<br />

be charged Avith <strong>the</strong>ir proportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> increased expenses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same,"<br />

this restriction upon <strong>the</strong> languages was removed and <strong>the</strong>y Avere gradually<br />

included in <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> study, and portions <strong>of</strong> ma<strong>the</strong>matics omitted.<br />

As with o<strong>the</strong>r high schools <strong>the</strong>n, it Avas necessary Avhile providing<br />

for four years <strong>of</strong> regular attendance, to keep in view <strong>the</strong> fact that probably<br />

one-half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pupils Avould not remain longer than two years,<br />

and that, in three years, at least three-fourths would have disappeared<br />

from <strong>the</strong> school room. Studies most' essentially pr<strong>of</strong>itable to everybody<br />

must <strong>the</strong>refore fill <strong>the</strong> first two or three years <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> course. Under<br />

such circumstances, our public high school was proposed to become a<br />

permanent feature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> common school system.<br />

Offered, as it was, to a community just passing out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong><br />

rate bills and into that <strong>of</strong> free education, to be sustained by tax upon<br />

all <strong>the</strong> property and to so many AVIIO had been accustomed to regard<br />

a high school as an expensive luxury,'ra<strong>the</strong>r than a prime necessity, it<br />

Avill be easily understood that great solicitude was felt by its friends<br />

as to its final success.<br />

From 1848 to 1852 this school seemed to be regarded Avith equal<br />

favor with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r grades, though <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> its permanence was<br />

yet to be decided. It Avas only under <strong>the</strong> long and able administration<br />

<strong>of</strong> Mr. S. S. Cotton as principal, extending from September, 1852, to<br />

July, 1867, Avith his accomplished lady assistants, Miss A. A. Breck and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs, that <strong>the</strong> high school came to be regarded as an indispensable part<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> free school system. From <strong>the</strong> first it has commended itself to<br />

<strong>the</strong> kind, regards <strong>of</strong> our citizens, not by sending out a very small number<br />

<strong>of</strong> very accomplished scholars, but by affording to a very large number,<br />

one, tAvo and three years <strong>of</strong> instruction in such sciences as are<br />

requisite to success in ordinary mechanical and business pursuits, and<br />

by such development <strong>of</strong> self-respect and self-reliance as has excited high<br />

hopes <strong>of</strong> an honorable and useful life for its pupils.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> past years <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> a high school, many expressions<br />

<strong>of</strong> confidence in its usefulness have appeared in <strong>the</strong> public press<br />

and in various o<strong>the</strong>r Avays, but <strong>the</strong> strongest testimonial <strong>of</strong> its value has<br />

been given in <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neAV high school building during <strong>the</strong><br />

years 1866, 1867, 1868 and 1869.<br />

The cornerstone <strong>of</strong> this building was laid November 27, 1866, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> rooms Avere first occupied for school purposes in September, 1869.<br />

The cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building, with <strong>the</strong> furniture ready for use, Avas<br />

$85,510.88, exclusive <strong>of</strong> interest on money loaned - Avhile in process <strong>of</strong><br />

erection. There Avas paid for interest $6,531.41, making a total <strong>of</strong><br />

$92,033.29.<br />

It should be stated here, hoAvever, <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> nearly all material

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 245<br />

entering into <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> any building was very much greater<br />

from 1864 to 1870 than for preceding or succeeding years.<br />

The Fourth Ward School was built in 1872, and on July 17th <strong>of</strong> that<br />

year U. T. Curran was chosen superintendent.<br />

The Fifth Ward School building was erected in 1874, ajb a cost <strong>of</strong><br />

$22,778, and in December, 1874, <strong>the</strong> old courthouse, which had been<br />

abandoned by <strong>the</strong> county <strong>of</strong>ficers, was fitted up with six school rooms.<br />

This continued to be occupied till August 6, 1886, when it was sold to<br />

Samuel C. Wheeler for $30, conditional upon his removing <strong>the</strong> building,<br />

which Avas done.<br />

The Seventh Ward School building Avas erected in 1890, and in that<br />

year Mr. Ulrich Zuercher Avas chosen truant <strong>of</strong>ficer and has held <strong>the</strong><br />

position ever since.<br />

The Ninth Ward School building was erected in 1894.<br />

The new high school building was finished in 1915.<br />

ME<strong>MB</strong>ERS OF BOARD OF EDUCATION FROM 1849 TO 1871 INCLUSIVE<br />

By <strong>the</strong> school laAV under which <strong>the</strong> schools were maintained for <strong>the</strong><br />

period above named, <strong>the</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> Education consisted <strong>of</strong> six members,<br />

tAvo <strong>of</strong> whom were annually elected by <strong>the</strong> people for <strong>the</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> three<br />

years.<br />

Henry F. Merry<br />

David Souter<br />

F. T. Barney<br />

D. Souter<br />

F M. Follett<br />

H. F. Merry<br />

E. Bill<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

F. T. Barney<br />

E. Bill<br />

ME<strong>MB</strong>ERS OF BOARD OF EDUCATION<br />

1849<br />

Earl Bill<br />

Freland T. Barney<br />

1850<br />

Thomas Hogg<br />

II. F. Merry<br />

1851<br />

John G. Pool<br />

F. T. Barney<br />

•1852<br />

H. F. Merry<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

1853<br />

J. M. Root<br />

IT. F. Merry<br />

Foster M. Follett<br />

Thomas Hogg<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

E. Bill<br />

E. Bill<br />

T. Hogg<br />

T. Hogg<br />

F. T. Barney<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

F. M. Follett

246<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

E. Bill<br />

Walter F. Stone<br />

H. F. Merry<br />

Earl Bill<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

IT. Wildman<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

F.M. Follett<br />

A. H. Gale<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

R, B. Hubbard<br />

Geo. W. Smith<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

Geo. W. Smith<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

1854<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

J. M. Root<br />

1855<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

1856<br />

Horatio Wildman<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

1857<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

1858<br />

C. C. Keech<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

1859<br />

Adam Bauer<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

1860<br />

F: M. Follett<br />

C. C. Keech<br />

18^1<br />

C. C. Keech<br />

A. IT. Gale<br />

lse^<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

1863<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

R. B. Hubbard<br />

H. F. Merry<br />

F. T. Barney<br />

Christopher C. Keech<br />

E. Bill<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

C. C. Keech<br />

C. C. Keech<br />

E. Bill<br />

Henry Converse<br />

II. Wildman<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

C. C. Keech<br />

A. IT. Gale<br />

A. Bauer<br />

A. Bauer<br />

R. B. Hubbard<br />

F. M. Follett<br />

A. Bauer<br />

A. Bauer<br />

C. J. Parsons

W. F. Stone<br />

Geo. W. Smith<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

W. F. Stone<br />

G. W. Smith<br />

R. B. Hubbard<br />

Philander Gregg<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

John T. Johnson<br />

R. B. Hubbard<br />

P. Gregg<br />

R. B. Hubbard<br />

P. Gregg<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

J. T. Johnson<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 247<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

A. Bauer<br />

1864<br />

1865<br />

R, B. Hubbard<br />

A. Bauer<br />

1866<br />

R. B. Hubbard<br />

* C. J. Parsons<br />

1867<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

A. Bauer<br />

1868<br />

R. B. Hubbard<br />

A. Bauer<br />

1869<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

A. Bauer<br />

1870<br />

J. T. Johnson<br />

A. Bauer<br />

1871<br />

R. B. Hubbard "<br />

C. J. Parsons<br />

R. B. Hubbard<br />

C. J. Parsons<br />

Geo. W. Smith<br />

C. J. Parsons<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

A. Bauer<br />

G. W. Smith<br />

C. J. Parsons<br />

P. Gregg<br />

C. J. Parsons<br />

J. T. Johnson<br />

C. J. Parsons<br />

J. G. Pool<br />

C. J. Parsons<br />

P. Gregg<br />

A. Bauer<br />

Mr. M. F. CoAvdery, superintendent from November, 1848, to July,<br />

1864. Mr. T. F. Hildreth, superintendent from September, 1864, to<br />

April, 1865. Mr. M. F. Cowdery, superintendent from April, 1865, to<br />

July, 1871. N. T. Cunan, Alston Ellis, H. A. Balcam, E. J. Shives, H.<br />

F. William and J. T. Begg are <strong>the</strong> later superintendents.<br />

PRINCIPALS OF HIGH SCHOOL<br />

Mr. H. C. Heustis, 1845 to 1847; Mr. A. W. Mason, part <strong>of</strong> 1847; Mr.<br />

Homer Goodwin, part <strong>of</strong> 1848; Mr. S. Minor, part <strong>of</strong> 1848; Mr. M. F.

248<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Cowdery, 1848 to 1852; Mr. S. S. Cotton, 1852 to 1867; Mr. A. Phinney,<br />

1867 to 1869; Mr. N. S. Wright, 1869 to 1871.<br />

ASSISTANT TEACHERS IN THE HIGH SCHOOL<br />

Mrs. M. F. Cowdery, 1848 to 1852; Miss L. A. McElwain, 1848 to<br />

1851; Miss A. M. Cook, 1849 to 1850; Mr. A. M. Stacy, 1852; Mrs. Christian,<br />

1852; Miss H. W. Morrison, 1852; Miss M. J. Studley, 1852; Miss<br />

A. A. Brack, 1853 to 1860; Miss S. Root, 1854 to 1858; Miss M. King,<br />

1858 to 1860; Miss S. Skinner, 1860 to 1861; Miss F. Estabrook, 1859 to<br />

1862; Miss M. Hubbard, 1862 to 1866; Miss M. A. McGee, 1862; Miss<br />

H. Marshall, 1864; Mrs. L. J. Marcy, 1866 to 1867; Mr. D. Carlton,<br />

1866 to 1867; Mr. A. Keefer, 1867; Miss H. L. Rowe, 1867 to 1879; Miss<br />

S. Ainslie, 1867 to 1871.

CHAPTER XIX<br />

ERIE COUNTY CHURCHES<br />

In addition 0 to <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> individual churches and denominations<br />

found in this chapter, <strong>the</strong> index should also be consulted for church<br />

activities in <strong>the</strong> various townships <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county. Each township chapter<br />

contains reference to early religious influences and organizations.<br />

Sandusky first began to be a place <strong>of</strong> occasional preaching about <strong>the</strong><br />

year 1818, but no house <strong>of</strong> Avorship was erected and no regular preacher<br />

secured till several years later. The first organization was that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Congregational Church, in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1819; during <strong>the</strong> next ten years<br />

<strong>the</strong>re was little done by this organization.<br />

The first house exclusively designed for public worship was erected<br />

in 1828, and oecupied by <strong>the</strong> Methodist brethren. It stood facing Jackson<br />

Street, ...out west from <strong>the</strong> courthouse.<br />

EARLY METHODISTS<br />

From <strong>the</strong> memoirs <strong>of</strong> W. M. GujJIey, who was converted under Wesley,<br />

1787 (written by his son, L. B. Gftrley), we learn that in <strong>the</strong> year 1811<br />

he emigrated from Norwich, Connecticut, to Ohio and settled at Bloomingville.<br />

The journey was tedious and difficult, over eight weeks having<br />

been spent on <strong>the</strong> way. He arrived at Bloomingville in October, 1811.<br />

Great was <strong>the</strong> joy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlers when <strong>the</strong>y heard that a preacher had<br />

arrived, as <strong>the</strong>re had been no minister within a radius <strong>of</strong> forty miles.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> first Sabbath after Mr. Gurley arrived <strong>the</strong> log schoolhouse was<br />

filled at <strong>the</strong> hour <strong>of</strong> worship, <strong>the</strong> men Avere dressed in tow and linsey<br />

hunting shirts, buckskin pantaloons and moccasins, and raccoon or muskrat<br />

caps. The Avomen had dresses <strong>of</strong> home manufacture. A few Indians<br />

sat near <strong>the</strong> door dressed in hunting costume with rifle, tomahaAvk and<br />

knife. Mr. Gurley felt an unusual inspiration as he broke <strong>the</strong> bread <strong>of</strong><br />

life to <strong>the</strong> scattered sheep in <strong>the</strong> wilderness. At <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sermon<br />

he referred with a deep feeling to his experience, relating <strong>the</strong> scenes<br />

through Avhich divine goodness had* brought him in safety. The assembly<br />

was deeply affected, and emotion was visible all through <strong>the</strong> house.<br />

Having dismissed <strong>the</strong> congregation he requested those Avho wished to<br />

unite in a class to remain. Some fifteen or twenty united at that time,<br />

or shortly afterward. This was <strong>the</strong> first religious association <strong>of</strong> any<br />

kind organized in <strong>the</strong> county, or indeed on <strong>the</strong> Western Reserve west <strong>of</strong><br />

Cleveland. Mount Vernon and Wooster Avere <strong>the</strong> nearest points Avhere<br />

circuits were formed or itinerant preachers labored, and it was about<br />

249

250 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

seven years before <strong>the</strong> new society AVIIS visited by an itinerant preacher<br />

connected with a circuit. In 1812 <strong>the</strong> cloud <strong>of</strong> war spread ovtnu<strong>the</strong> land<br />

and <strong>the</strong> settlers fled to <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state for safety.<br />

From <strong>the</strong> autobiography <strong>of</strong> Rev. J. B. Finley we find that after peace<br />

had been restored and most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> settlers had" returned to <strong>the</strong>ir homes<br />

and many more had moved to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio that at <strong>the</strong> fifth session <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Ohio Conference at Louisville, Kentucky, September 3, 1816, Bishop<br />

McKendree presiding, J. 13. Finley Avas appointed presiding elder <strong>of</strong> Ohio<br />

District, which embraced eight circuits, ten traA'eling preachers and 4,000<br />

members. This district extended from <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Captina in<br />

Belmont County on <strong>the</strong> Ohio River to <strong>the</strong> Huron River on Lake Erie,<br />

including <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast part <strong>of</strong> Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, south to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Ohio River, and east to <strong>the</strong> Alleghenies, and Western NeAV York as<br />

far as Silver Creek. The first quarterly meeting for GrandvieAv and<br />

Mahoning Circuit (which was <strong>the</strong> nearest to <strong>the</strong> firelands) Avas held at<br />

Hartford, Trumbull County, Ohio, November 2-3, 1816.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 3d <strong>of</strong> September, 1817, <strong>the</strong> Ohio Conference held its sixth<br />

session at Zanesville. Rev. J. B. Finley AA'as reappointed presiding<br />

elder, with <strong>the</strong> following brethren as circuit preachers: Beaver Church,<br />

Jacob Hooper and Samuel Baker; Erie, Ira Eddy; GrandvieAv and<br />

Mahoning, D. D. Davidson arid Ezra Booth; Chautauqua, Curtis Goddard;<br />

Steubenville, S. Hamilton, William Knox and Calvin Reuter;<br />

Tuscarawas, James MeMamm; Huron, John C. Brooke.<br />

Mr. Finley says in a true spirit gospel ministers <strong>the</strong>se brethren went<br />

to <strong>the</strong>ir respective fields <strong>of</strong> labor. Great AA'ere <strong>the</strong> toils and hardships<br />

<strong>the</strong>y were called to endure. The winter Avas extremely cold, being almost<br />

beyond endurance, yet <strong>the</strong> Lord croAvned <strong>the</strong> labors and sufferings <strong>of</strong><br />

his ministers Avith success. The country Avas but sparsely settled; <strong>the</strong><br />

rides were long and roads rough; but in <strong>the</strong> midst <strong>of</strong> all God was with<br />

<strong>the</strong>m. The Huron Circuit Avas <strong>the</strong> neAvest and consequently <strong>the</strong> most<br />

difficult field. When Mr. Brooke went onto <strong>the</strong> circuit <strong>the</strong>re were tAA'entyfive<br />

preaching places, but he Avas enabled to increase <strong>the</strong> number so that<br />

it was necessary to divide <strong>the</strong> circuit, and Rev. Alfred Brunson, <strong>the</strong>n a<br />

local preacher, Avas sent to <strong>the</strong> firelands or Huron part for <strong>the</strong> purpose<br />

<strong>of</strong> establishing a new circuit. The labors <strong>of</strong> a circuit preacher were<br />

arduous <strong>the</strong>n as compared with <strong>the</strong> present, usually preaching almost<br />

every day and leading class after having traveled from ten to thirty<br />

miles over <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten almost impassable road, and preaching and leading<br />

class tAvo or three times on <strong>the</strong> Sabbath.<br />

It AA'as <strong>the</strong> first AA'eek in January, 1818, that Mr. Brunson started for<br />

this new circuit. In <strong>the</strong> Western Pioneer, page 179, he says: "I AVIIS<br />

clad in homespun, <strong>the</strong> product <strong>of</strong> my Avife's industry. She had spun<br />

<strong>the</strong> AVOOI, woven <strong>the</strong> cloth and after <strong>the</strong> cloth came from <strong>the</strong> fuller's, made<br />

my garments. My horse and equipage Avas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> humblest kind, though<br />

<strong>the</strong> best I had means to procure. The journey Avas mostly through a<br />

country <strong>of</strong> AA'hich I had no knoAvledge. mostly a dense forest. I reached<br />

Avhat is IIOAV Medina County by <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn tier <strong>of</strong> tOAvnships on <strong>the</strong><br />

Reserve, but finding no road fur<strong>the</strong>r Avest, turned north through Pitts-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 251<br />

field and traveled some thirty miles before 1 could find a road leading<br />

from Cleveland AvestAvard along <strong>the</strong> lake shore. Where Elyria noAV<br />

stands, <strong>the</strong>re being no bridge, I crossed <strong>the</strong> river on <strong>the</strong> ice <strong>of</strong> one or<br />

tAvo nights freezing, and found it six inches thick. After crossing Black<br />

River on <strong>the</strong> Ridge road 1 found a Methodist family named Smith, whose<br />

house Avas one <strong>of</strong> my teaching places. My circuit extended from Black<br />

River along <strong>the</strong> Ridge road by Avhere NonA'alk noAV stands, Avhich Avas<br />

laid out in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1818, to <strong>the</strong> little tOAvn <strong>of</strong> New Haven, and<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce by a zig-zag course to Sandusky Bay, Venice and Portland, IIOAV<br />

Sandusky City, <strong>the</strong>nce through Perkins east along <strong>the</strong> lake shore to <strong>the</strong><br />

place <strong>of</strong> beginning. I soon found a four weeks circuit <strong>of</strong> twenty-four<br />

appointments with tAvo hundred miles <strong>of</strong> travel to accomplish it. 1<br />

preached <strong>the</strong> first sermon ever preached in many places, and especially<br />

Sandusky City, <strong>the</strong>n containing half a dozen houses.<br />

252 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Waddel at <strong>the</strong> same time was appointed presiding elder, both succeeding<br />

Finley.<br />

The society worshipped in this way up to <strong>the</strong> year 1824, Avhen Rev.<br />

True Pattee was sent here and preached a large portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time in<br />

<strong>the</strong> frame schoolhouse, <strong>the</strong>n standing on or near <strong>the</strong> north front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Sloane Block on Columbus Avenue. He was a man <strong>of</strong> easy manner,<br />

very graceful and <strong>of</strong> natural eloquence. Services were conducted quite<br />

regularly in this schoolhouse. Both Pattee and James Mclntyre, as<br />

missionaries, had been in <strong>the</strong> Avoods <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio since 1814. And<br />

in <strong>the</strong> year 1826 <strong>the</strong> toAvn was put upon <strong>the</strong> circuit and Avas supplied<br />

with <strong>the</strong> Rev. James Mclntyre and Rev. Adam Poe. It Avas said <strong>of</strong><br />

Mclntyre, who used to Avear a blue hunting shirt and tow pants and shirt,<br />

that with <strong>the</strong> first glance <strong>of</strong> his piercing eye he would penetrate every<br />

intellect and every heart. Of <strong>the</strong> Reverend Mr. Poe, who a feiv years<br />

later became an elder, and Avhose name Avas a household word in almost<br />

every Methodist family living in old Huron County, I will say he was a<br />

man <strong>of</strong> herculean frame and a very able, earnest and effective speaker,<br />

and attained great influence in <strong>the</strong> Methodist denomination.<br />

In 1828 a town meeting was called to take into consideration <strong>the</strong><br />

religious needs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town. A committee <strong>of</strong> three, consisting <strong>of</strong> C. F.<br />

Drake, Samuel Pennewell and Durin H. Tuttle, Avas appointed to ascertain<br />

Avhat amount <strong>of</strong> support could be pledged tOAvard <strong>the</strong> maintenance<br />

<strong>of</strong> a preacher, and to ascertain <strong>the</strong> wishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people as to <strong>the</strong> denomination<br />

perferred. Sufficient pledges were secured and a Methodist preacher<br />

was preferred. The petition signed by <strong>the</strong>se three committeemen was<br />

dated August 28, 1828. The petition was granted and <strong>the</strong> Rev. John<br />

Janes was appointed to this charge in 1828-29. He was <strong>the</strong> first station<br />

minister ever sent to Sandusky. He Avas an able and earnest man, and<br />

admirably adapted to liis Avork, and his Avife was equally qualified as a<br />

helpmate. The Rev. John Janes agitated <strong>the</strong> matter <strong>of</strong> church building<br />

and prepared <strong>the</strong> way. The Rev. William Runnells, his successor, began<br />

<strong>the</strong> building, which Avas dedicated in 1830. The Methodist Episcopal<br />

Church building <strong>the</strong>refore antedated any o<strong>the</strong>r church building by five<br />

years.<br />

The Western Christian Advocate <strong>of</strong> November 4, 1868, contained <strong>the</strong><br />

following extract from a letter written by Rev. W. Runnells, who Avas<br />

stationed at Sandusky in 1829 and 1830:<br />

"In 1829 I was appointed to Portland Station, an insignificant town<br />

on Sandusky Bay, a magnificent sheet <strong>of</strong> Avater connected with Lake<br />

Erie. Here we found a class <strong>of</strong> enrolled members numbering in all, big<br />

and little, 18, more than half <strong>of</strong> whom resided on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Bay. No church edifices—no public buildings open for religious services,<br />

but one small school house out on <strong>the</strong> commons in <strong>the</strong> goose pasture, built<br />

by a stock company and claimed by <strong>the</strong> Presbyterians Avho had just<br />

received a missionary sent out by <strong>the</strong> Eastern Board <strong>of</strong> Home Missions.<br />

"We tried to preach in Avare houses—on <strong>the</strong> dock—in cooper shops,<br />

private dwellings and barns, and wherever we could find an open door.<br />

A glorious revival began at one <strong>of</strong> our quarterly meetings in <strong>the</strong> old

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 253<br />

cooper shop under <strong>the</strong> efficient labor <strong>of</strong> our presiding elder, Rev.vRussell<br />

BigeloAV, who now lives-and shines on <strong>the</strong> hills pf light. Afterward, by<br />

invitation, Ave alternated with <strong>the</strong> Rev. Mr. Rusk until <strong>the</strong>y had no place<br />

for us. What <strong>the</strong>n ? He sold his horse and traveling equipage, adding<br />

a feAV dimes, collected some from friends at home and abroad, and^c-ok<br />

his first sail on <strong>the</strong> bosom <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie to Detroit; purchased lumber and<br />

came doAvn super-cargo on <strong>the</strong> schooner Governor Cass, through <strong>the</strong> liberality<br />

<strong>of</strong> her owner, Col. Wilcoxon, passage and freight free up and<br />

down. We came through a terrific gale running under naked poles<br />

safely into <strong>the</strong> harbor. We stacked our lumber on <strong>the</strong> public square,<br />

<strong>the</strong> outsiders helped, and Ave soon had <strong>the</strong> best church in <strong>the</strong> city because<br />

<strong>the</strong> only one."<br />

While here Mr. Janes Avas very earnest in <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> securing a<br />

church, and so successful were his efforts that his successor, Rev. L. B.<br />

Gurley, had <strong>the</strong> great satisfaction <strong>of</strong> having a house opened for public<br />

worship in 1829. It Avas a small frame church building 42 feet<br />

in length and 36 feet Avide, one story high, with 14-foot posts, and<br />

with one-quarter pitch to <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>. Much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> timber was saAved<br />

in Huron County, south <strong>of</strong> NorAvalk. The building Avas constructed<br />

plain and strong. It was located near <strong>the</strong> southwest corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public<br />

square, a feAV rods soutliAvest <strong>of</strong> our present courthouse. At that time all<br />

around <strong>the</strong> "little broAvn church," as it was called because it Avas never<br />

painted, Avere trees and hazel nut bushes; no roads were <strong>the</strong>n opened in<br />

Jackson or Adams Street. The nearest path was one leading from<br />

Avhere <strong>the</strong> Sloane Block IIOAV stands to a little stone lock-up Avhich <strong>the</strong>n<br />

stood near <strong>the</strong> soutliAvest corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone church was Avas standing<br />

west <strong>of</strong> our courthouse; it Avas called Fort Moekabee, although erected as<br />

<strong>the</strong> village jail. You will hardly realize that at this time Sandusky had<br />

scarcely a population <strong>of</strong> 300 people, <strong>the</strong> larger portion <strong>of</strong> whom resided<br />

north <strong>of</strong> Market Street, and not more than twenty families residing<br />

south.<br />

Great satisfaction Avas shown by all <strong>the</strong> people upon <strong>the</strong> completion<br />

<strong>of</strong> this, <strong>the</strong> first church erected in Sandusky, and when dedicated it was<br />

impossible for <strong>the</strong> building to hold those clamorous for admission, and<br />

many turned aAvay disappointed. Only congregational singing Avas heard<br />

Avithin those Avails, no instrumental music was allowed. The men and<br />

Avomen AA'ere ahvays seated separately, <strong>the</strong> men on one side and <strong>the</strong> Avomen<br />

on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r. The little village was not <strong>the</strong>n a place <strong>of</strong> resort; it was<br />

before <strong>the</strong> days <strong>of</strong> literary or social clubs, Avhist parties Avere even unknoAvn,<br />

and this absence <strong>of</strong> something else to do, coupled with <strong>the</strong> eloquence<br />

and fervor <strong>of</strong> Gurley, Runnells, Thompson, Bigelow and those early<br />

ministers was such that <strong>the</strong> seats were ahvays filled, and <strong>of</strong>ten it Avas that<br />

only standing room could be had, even before <strong>the</strong> time for <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong><br />

service. For quite a number <strong>of</strong> years Bro<strong>the</strong>r Van Fleet would bloAv a<br />

tin horn at <strong>the</strong> hour <strong>of</strong> service, twice for prayer meeting and three<br />

times when <strong>the</strong>y had preaching. Later a small bell AA'as provided for<br />

this purpose.<br />

William Runnells, AVIIO ahvays rode <strong>the</strong> best looking horse on <strong>the</strong>

254 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

circuit, and <strong>of</strong> AA'hich animal <strong>the</strong>re Avas no better, judge, Avas a most<br />

interesting and pleasing speaker.<br />

Elder Russell BigcloAv's oratory was <strong>of</strong> divine inspiration, and under<br />

his unequalled and soul-stirring appeals people Avould leave <strong>the</strong>ir seats<br />

and get as near <strong>the</strong> pulpit as possible, apparently unaware <strong>of</strong> changing<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir places. "Such vast impressions did his sermons make, he ahvays<br />

kept his flock aAvake."<br />

Rev. Eihvard Thomson, AVIIO had been converted under <strong>the</strong> preaching t<br />

<strong>of</strong> Elder BigcloAV. AVIIS licensed to preach in 1832, and AVIIS at once sent<br />

to Sandusky. "When asked why he joined <strong>the</strong> .Methodists he replied,<br />

"They make a business <strong>of</strong> religion." So useful and eloquent AVIIS he<br />

that his fame Avent abroad, and <strong>the</strong> next year he AVIIS sent to <strong>Cincinnati</strong>,<br />

tAvo years later made an elder, and in 1864 was elected bishop.<br />

Rev. John Quigley, afterwards an elder, was a man <strong>of</strong> learning and<br />

practical oratory, and ahvays produced a great effect for good.<br />

Rev. L. 13. Gurley AVIIS eloquent and his sermons full <strong>of</strong> pathos, most<br />

convincing and <strong>of</strong>ten moving to tears. In <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> August 3,<br />

1896, appears a sermon preached by Rev. L. B. Gurley on <strong>the</strong> fiftieth<br />

anniversary <strong>of</strong> his ministry at Wauseon, September <strong>20</strong>, 1878, Avherein<br />

he says:<br />

"My next appointment Avas Sandusky City. The charge had 59<br />

members. My salary Avas <strong>the</strong> usual one hundred dollars and I boarded<br />

round a month or tAvo at a place with members- and o<strong>the</strong>rs. I was <strong>the</strong><br />

only pastor in <strong>the</strong> place. I raised money to finish our church begun by<br />

William Runnels. Moreover I made with my OAVII hands <strong>the</strong> first pulpit<br />

in <strong>the</strong> city. I can vouch for its artistic excellence. According to <strong>the</strong><br />

strict letter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> decalogue it would scarcely have been idolatry to<br />

Avorship it for it AVIIS <strong>the</strong> likeness <strong>of</strong> nothing in heaven above nor <strong>the</strong><br />

earth beneath but it served its purpose for eighteen years, Avhen it AVIIS<br />

honorably granted a supernumerary relation. While I Avas <strong>the</strong>re in<br />

1832 <strong>the</strong> first cholera reached Ohio. I saAV <strong>the</strong> first death. It was a fearful<br />

scourge and panic stricken many left <strong>the</strong> city. I could not find it<br />

in my heart to forsake <strong>the</strong> sick and dying <strong>of</strong> my flock and remained."<br />

Rev. William DisbroAA', a pr<strong>of</strong>ound orator and thinker, scholarly and<br />

polished, AViirni <strong>of</strong> heart and in every Avay attractive, AVIIS also an elder.<br />

Being <strong>the</strong> only denomination in Sandusky with stated preaching, this<br />

church rapidly increased in members and in influence: as Ave have seen,<br />

<strong>the</strong> station AVIIS supplied with men <strong>of</strong> great zeal, learning and eloquence,<br />

and it AVIIS this, no doubt, that so long delayed <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

denominations in Sandusky.<br />

The year 1S35 opened most auspiciously for <strong>the</strong> "little brown<br />

church;" <strong>the</strong> seats Avere filled on every occasion <strong>of</strong> public worship;<br />

revivals <strong>of</strong> exciting interest had brought so many members that <strong>the</strong><br />

full membership could not be eared for at one IOAV feast or class.<br />

The necessity existed, <strong>the</strong> emergency demanded a HCAV and much<br />

larger church building for <strong>the</strong>ir accommodation. This AVIIS <strong>the</strong> situation<br />

Avhen an agent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Boston Liberator came to Sandusky. lie<br />

desired to hold meetings to present <strong>the</strong> (at that timel peeuliftr vieAvs <strong>of</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 255<br />

William Lloyd Garrison, <strong>the</strong> editor, in o<strong>the</strong>r words, to agitate <strong>the</strong><br />

Aviekedness <strong>of</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn slavery. Some favored <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church<br />

for that purpose, notably John Beatty and R. J. Jennings. The majority<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trustees refused <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church; it seemed at that time<br />

as if <strong>the</strong> North AVIIS all excited upon <strong>the</strong> subject; <strong>the</strong>re Ave re riots in Boston,<br />

in Philadelphia and Alton. The feeling became, intense in Sandusky,<br />

and as a result a large majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> "<strong>the</strong> little<br />

church" seceded and organized a IICAV Methodist society, and during<br />

<strong>the</strong> next tAvo years completed <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> a very fine stone church<br />

building just west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courthouse. It AVIIS for many years knoAvn<br />

and called <strong>the</strong> Beatty Church for <strong>the</strong> reason that he Avas more prominent<br />

than th(! o<strong>the</strong>r seceders and also aih'auced a large portion <strong>of</strong> money<br />

that, AVIIS expended upon it. The building Avas later OAvned by <strong>the</strong> German<br />

Lu<strong>the</strong>ran society. At about <strong>the</strong> same time Grace Episcopal Church,<br />

in <strong>the</strong> East Square, and still standing, and <strong>the</strong> Congregational Church in<br />

<strong>the</strong> West Square, aftenvard taken (IOAVII, Avere erected in <strong>the</strong> years<br />

1836 and 1837 and occupied, in <strong>the</strong> basement. The result <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong>se<br />

influences most seriously affected <strong>the</strong> First Methodist Church society, so<br />

(hat it ceased to be self-supporting, ft remained in this condition for<br />

several years and made but little gain in membership; from 1836 to<br />

1840 <strong>the</strong> circuit Avas included in <strong>the</strong> Michigan Conference, and since<br />

.<strong>the</strong> latter year it Avas joined to and included in <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio<br />

Conference, Avhich in 1845 again became self-sustaining and a larger<br />

church was soon required for„<strong>the</strong>ir accommodation. In 1846 one Avas<br />

commenced in <strong>the</strong> East Square, facing north on Columbus Avenue, just<br />

Avest <strong>of</strong> Avhere <strong>the</strong> high school building noAV stands; but just as it was<br />

completed it was destroyed by fire in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1848. After <strong>the</strong><br />

decease <strong>of</strong> Mr. Beatty, Avho had intended to give his interest in <strong>the</strong><br />

stone, church to <strong>the</strong> Methodist society, but failed to nmke <strong>the</strong> requisite<br />

provision, and after considerable litigation <strong>the</strong> church AVIIS sold to<br />

Mr. Hector Jennings, for <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society, but it was too poor<br />

to raise <strong>the</strong> money to secure it, lint continued to occupy <strong>the</strong> basement<br />

until in <strong>the</strong> cholera season <strong>of</strong> 1849, <strong>the</strong> buufthig AA'as seized by <strong>the</strong> city<br />

and Used as <strong>the</strong> cholera hospital during that eventful period. With an<br />

earnestness <strong>of</strong> purpose and zeal Avorthy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir vvork, and with that<br />

energy and indomitable spirit peculiar to Methodists^ not dismayed by<br />

internal dissensions or <strong>the</strong> ravages <strong>of</strong> fire <strong>the</strong> First Methodist Church<br />

organization again Avent to Avork to build ano<strong>the</strong>r church edifice, and it<br />

Avas a very beautiful stone building 75 feet in lenglb and 55 feet in<br />

width: , It AVIIS erected just- Avest aud partly in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courthouse,<br />

facing north. It was commenced in 1S49 and. Avas completed and dedicated<br />

late in 1853. ,<br />

The beautiful new church which had just been dedicated AVIIS hardly<br />

occupied before ano<strong>the</strong>r quite serious secession took place, caused by a<br />

disagreement on tile question <strong>of</strong>-choral singing. The society had by<br />

a decisive vote expressed <strong>the</strong> preference for choir singing: a few <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> members, hoAvever, Ave re strongly against it aiuvl insisted upon <strong>the</strong><br />

old AAiiy <strong>of</strong> congregational singing and Avere not willing to yield to <strong>the</strong>

256 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

larger majority against <strong>the</strong>m. Mr. M. C. Clarkson, Avho considered<br />

himself as gifted in this line in which <strong>the</strong> great majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society<br />

did not agree, and Mr. P. N Gregg, who felt that his voice and position<br />

should control, with a goodly number <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs Avithdrew from <strong>the</strong><br />

society, and on September 11, 1853, organized <strong>the</strong> Second Methodist<br />

Church <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. Rev. S. M. Beatty was <strong>the</strong> first pastor; in 1854<br />

it had eighty members. The trustees AA'ere P. Gregg, E. Warren, I. Ward,<br />

"M. C. Clarkson, T. II. Norman, D. C. Morehouse and I. Weston.<br />

Rev. Samuel A. Lee and Rev. J. T. Caples Avere also pastors <strong>of</strong> this<br />

church from 1855 to 1857 inclusive. They built a neAV frame church<br />

on <strong>the</strong> Avest side <strong>of</strong> Decatur Street, betAveen Washington and Adams<br />

streets, but after a feAV years this organization disbanded and <strong>the</strong> meiribers<br />

mostly returned to Trinity Methodist Church and <strong>the</strong> building<br />

AVIIS sold to and is now occupied by <strong>the</strong> (colored) Zion Baptist Church.<br />

The .Methodist society Avas reorganized July 23, 1853, into <strong>the</strong> Wesleyan<br />

Methodist Church and occupied <strong>the</strong> Be<strong>the</strong>l Church on Water<br />

Street until 1856, when it moved into a small stone chapel, which <strong>the</strong><br />

society erected just south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> so-called Beatty Church, and which<br />

<strong>the</strong>y had erected with <strong>the</strong> share <strong>of</strong> its members from <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Beatty Church. The society only maintained its organization a feAV<br />

years Avhen its members mostly returned to <strong>the</strong>ir first love; o<strong>the</strong>rs united<br />

with <strong>the</strong> Congregational Church society. From 1854 <strong>the</strong> First Methodist<br />

Episcopal Church society Avas not in a prosperous condition; portentous<br />

clouds covered its spiritual and financial horizon, but after <strong>the</strong><br />

disruption <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wesleyan society and <strong>the</strong> Second Methodist Church,<br />

toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> faithful labors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Revs, Dr. T. F. Ilildreth, W. D.<br />

Godman, A. J. Lyon, L. B. Gurley and George Collier, better knoAvn<br />

as "Chaplain Collier," and o<strong>the</strong>rs, <strong>the</strong> clouds lifted and <strong>the</strong> society Avas<br />

about to complete <strong>the</strong> upper story <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church in <strong>the</strong> West Square,<br />

Avhen negotiations w.ere opened and arrangements made by Avhich <strong>the</strong><br />

church building in <strong>the</strong> West Square Avas to be taken down, as <strong>the</strong> space<br />

it occupied Avas demanded for our neAV courthouse. Then Avas commenced<br />

<strong>the</strong> present structure and so well knoAvn as Trinity Methodist<br />

Episcopal Church, a beautiful edifice built <strong>of</strong> brick, on <strong>the</strong> south'side <strong>of</strong><br />

Washington Street, and AVIIS dedicated in 1882; <strong>the</strong> fourth church erected<br />

by this society in Sandusky.<br />

The society and church is IIOAV in a more prosperous condition than<br />

it has been since <strong>the</strong> Beatty secessions in 1835.<br />

As part <strong>of</strong> tin* story <strong>of</strong> Methodism in Sandusky reference must<br />

be made to <strong>the</strong> Africahi Methodist Episcopal Church, Avhich AVIIS organizen<br />

in 1879. A franu* church building Avas erected on <strong>the</strong> south side.<br />

<strong>of</strong> Neil Street. The society has had to struggle for its existence, and<br />

up to. 1889 Avhenever <strong>the</strong> society Avas Avithout a pastor, Bro<strong>the</strong>r Thomas<br />

Boston Avould <strong>of</strong>ficiate. He AVIIS, although somcAvhat illiterate, a most<br />

godly man and zealous in good Avorks. Bro<strong>the</strong>r Boston, ajs he Avas called,<br />

came to Sandusky" in 1841, and supported himself by AvhiteAvashing.<br />

He died in 1890.<br />

The Be<strong>the</strong>l Church at one time Avas a prominent church <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 257<br />

It was built <strong>of</strong> limestone and stood about where <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

factory <strong>of</strong> The Hinde & Dauch Company, on Water Street, now stands.<br />

It was built under <strong>the</strong> chaplaincy <strong>of</strong> Rev. E. R. Jewett and lost its hold<br />

when <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city carried <strong>the</strong> drift <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population away<br />

from <strong>the</strong> bay. t<br />

In 1843 <strong>the</strong>re was a Wesleyan Methodist Churchy which stood south<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> northwest corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Square facing on Jackson Street<br />

on <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original little "brown church," which was <strong>the</strong> original<br />

Methodist Church. The Wesleyan society Avas originally formed<br />

out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> secession from <strong>the</strong> Methodist Church in 1836. Reverends<br />

Jones, McEldowny, Huniiston, Smith, and Royce were its pastors, but<br />

it ceased to hold services about 1858.<br />

THE GERMAN METHODISTS<br />

The Sandusky City Mission Avas authorized by Ohio Conference, held<br />

at Chillico<strong>the</strong>, Ohio, on September 25, 1850. The first missionary was<br />

Rev. E. Riemenschneider, who Avas sent out in 1841 to North Ohio<br />

Mission, which covered <strong>the</strong> ground from Marietta to Lake Erie.<br />

The first chureh was built in 1852; services were held previous to<br />

that in <strong>the</strong> "German Settlement" in <strong>the</strong> house <strong>of</strong> J. Fisher. The mission<br />

extended from Thomson, Seneca County, to Ahiherst, Lorain<br />

County, and Lacarne, Ottawa County.<br />

The first minister stationed in Sandusky was Rev. G. A. Reuter,<br />

1850-51. When <strong>the</strong> mission Avas organized <strong>the</strong>re were twenty-one families.<br />

In 1852 <strong>the</strong>y bought "<strong>the</strong> little brown church" on <strong>the</strong> West<br />

<strong>Public</strong> Square. This Avas occupied by <strong>the</strong>ir society until in 1880 <strong>the</strong><br />

old "little broAvn church" AA'as removed to <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Jefferson<br />

Street, nearly opposite <strong>the</strong> neAV Congregational Church. Some years<br />

since 1896 <strong>the</strong> society sold <strong>the</strong>ir church lot and building to <strong>the</strong> Zion<br />

German Lu<strong>the</strong>ran Church and built a neAV church building and later a<br />

parsonage on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Shelby and Tyler streets.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1913 <strong>the</strong> church and parsonage were sold and <strong>the</strong>-congregation<br />

disbanded, most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m joining Trinity Methodist Episcopal<br />

Church.<br />

THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH<br />

The folloAving is taken from <strong>the</strong> church manual in 1871 in regard<br />

to <strong>the</strong> early period: .<br />

"In 1828 several members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church having returned to <strong>the</strong><br />

place and <strong>the</strong>re being o<strong>the</strong>rs, not members, AVIIO favored <strong>the</strong> Congregational<br />

order, <strong>the</strong> Rev. Wm. M. Adams was employed to preach for<br />

several months. During his labors, Mrs. Lovina Maria Jennings, <strong>the</strong>n<br />

<strong>the</strong> wife <strong>of</strong> R. J. Jennings, Avas received into <strong>the</strong> church by letter.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> next year (1829) <strong>the</strong> Rev. John IT. Ruse ministered in <strong>the</strong><br />

church, and in August <strong>the</strong>re Avere added to <strong>the</strong> church by letter, Mrs.<br />

Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Darling, wife <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> late Joseph Darling, Isaac Booram and<br />

V<strong>of</strong>. I.—17

258 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Mrs. Nancy Car<strong>the</strong>r, and by pr<strong>of</strong>ession Moors Farwell and Mrs. Elizabeth<br />

Bristol.<br />

"From this date <strong>the</strong> ministration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Word was enjoyed mostly<br />

from Sabbath to Sabbath, and Aveekly meetings for prayer and conference<br />

were generally sustained. During a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time for <strong>the</strong> next<br />

three years <strong>the</strong>re was preaching for only part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time. From 1830<br />

to 1835 <strong>the</strong> following, ministers <strong>of</strong>ficiated, viz.: Rev. Henry CoAvles,<br />

S. J. Bradstreet, Lorin Bobbins and Bennet Roberts.<br />

"The first settled pastor, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church AVIIS Rev. Alvin Nash, who<br />

commenced his labors in 1835 and was installed in 1836. He was dismissed<br />

at his own instance in 1838. O<strong>the</strong>r ministers who have <strong>of</strong>ficiated<br />

are as MIOAVS : Rev. I. A. Hart, from 1838 to 1845. He Avas dismissed<br />

at his own request. Rev. Leverett Hull, from 1845 to 1847; Rev. N. W.<br />

Fisher, from 1847 to 1849, when he died <strong>of</strong> cholera; Rev. R. 13. Beuient,<br />

from 1849 to 1850; Rev. C. J. Pit, from 1850 to 1852; Rev. S. J.<br />

EdAvards, from 1853 to 1854; Rev. Alexander Duncansoii, from 1854<br />

to February, 1857; Rev. J. B. Walker, from 1857 to 1863; Rev. E. P.<br />

Ingersoll, from 1863 to 1868; Rev. IT. N. Burton, from 1868 to 1876;<br />

Rev. Josiah Strong, from 1876 to 1881; Rev. E. 0. Bernard, from 1881<br />

to 1883; Rev. Geo. II. Peeke, from 1883 to August 1, 1890; Rev. R. R.<br />

Davies, from January 15, 1891, to July 1, 1893; Rev. C. A. Vincent,<br />

from December 24, 1893. E. A. Sleiner, E. A. King and Ron W.<br />

Sanderson."<br />

For about sixteen years <strong>the</strong> church had no regular place <strong>of</strong> worship.<br />

Meetings Avere held in <strong>the</strong> schoolhouse, in private residences, and even<br />

in a Avorkshop, till 1835, when <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old courthouse Avas<br />

fitted up for its use and for a young ladies' academy. The same year<br />

Nsteps were taken to build a church. In this matter <strong>the</strong> whole town took<br />

an interest, its population <strong>the</strong>n being probably not over 700. In a<br />

list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subscribers are <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> Episcopalians and Methodists.<br />

The building was 40 by 60, fronting north. It cost about $6,000 and<br />

<strong>the</strong> whole toAvn Avas proud <strong>of</strong> it. There Avas a basement under <strong>the</strong> entire<br />

building and. it must have been a credit to <strong>the</strong> people. The tower stood<br />

in <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north end, and entrance Avas gained to <strong>the</strong> main<br />

floor-by double outside stone steps.<br />

An old settler thus describes its interior: "The large double doors<br />

at <strong>the</strong> landing are SAViing open as are also <strong>the</strong> tAvo doors leading from<br />

<strong>the</strong> hall into <strong>the</strong> auditorium, <strong>the</strong>re stands <strong>the</strong> high pulpit Avith a large<br />

Bible on it: <strong>the</strong> gallery supported by tAvo large posts running from floor<br />

to ceiling, <strong>the</strong> faded little green curtains for screening <strong>the</strong> choir are still<br />

<strong>the</strong>re, <strong>the</strong>re too are <strong>the</strong> hard .high peAvs with <strong>the</strong>ir little paneled doors<br />

and <strong>the</strong> little" brass buttons for fasteners, <strong>the</strong> large high old fashioned<br />

AvindoAV casings, all <strong>the</strong> Avood Avork painted Avhite and gold, relieved<br />

only by <strong>the</strong> plain black Avalnut rail around <strong>the</strong> tops and sitting in <strong>the</strong>se<br />

pews are <strong>the</strong> old Congregationalists and Presbyterians, a united body.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong>m are Deacon James Davidson. Samuel Walker, Isaac Darling,<br />

Moors Fanvcll and Samuel E. Hitchcock."<br />

This AA'as'<strong>the</strong> only place for public ga<strong>the</strong>rings in Sandusky for many

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 259<br />

years and here missionary meetings, temperance meetings and antislavery<br />

meetings were held without let or hindrance, when too many<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church doors in older portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country were tightly closed<br />

to such unpopular ga<strong>the</strong>rings. There Avas one man by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong><br />

Clark AVIIO ahvays remembered <strong>the</strong> slaves in his public prayers and it<br />

is said that one good bro<strong>the</strong>r got so tired <strong>of</strong> it that he said he wished<br />

<strong>the</strong>re Avas a church Avhere he would not have to hear <strong>the</strong> slave prayed<br />

for. One'<strong>of</strong> our citizens has told me (this is a man not at all connected<br />

Avith us) that this "church has ahvays, right along through thick and<br />

thin, been <strong>the</strong> radical, earnest defender <strong>of</strong> free speech. It has been for<br />

all classes."<br />

In 1843 <strong>the</strong>re AVIIS a great revival in <strong>the</strong> community under <strong>the</strong><br />

preaching <strong>of</strong>*a Reverend Mr. Avery, an evangelist. He Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

old hard hitters some <strong>of</strong> us have seen, and all have heard about. He did<br />

not believe in being tender with a sinner: he thought <strong>the</strong>re was great virtue<br />

in hard Avords, and perhaps <strong>the</strong>y Avere <strong>the</strong>n necessary. For instance,<br />

he told one unrepentant sinner that he Avas "Eating from <strong>the</strong> hand <strong>of</strong><br />

God, and <strong>the</strong>n biting <strong>the</strong> hand." Says he, "You board at <strong>the</strong> table <strong>of</strong><br />

God, and <strong>the</strong>n serve <strong>the</strong> devil." He said he wanted to get converted<br />

under Bro<strong>the</strong>r Avery's thunderings, but he couldn't feel <strong>the</strong> Avay <strong>the</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs said <strong>the</strong>y did, and so he gave it up. Well, <strong>the</strong>re were about 300<br />

converted and Sandusky had a terrible shaking up. The revivalist<br />

started in by preaching to <strong>the</strong> church members, saying that he feared<br />

many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m had not been living as <strong>the</strong>y should. The audience was<br />

very much Avrought up, and one man who had been an <strong>of</strong>ficer in a certain<br />

church for years Avas especially excited. The next morning <strong>the</strong>re Avas<br />

a meeting in <strong>the</strong> basement for prayer and confession, and this man,<br />

no doubt with entire- sincerity Avas impelled to confess his sins. He<br />

said he had been a great sinner for many years, although a member <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> church; that he had been Avorse than any one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recent converts<br />

and said: "Yes, Bro<strong>the</strong>r X.; I have even stolen salt <strong>of</strong>f from your salt<br />

pile!" "Oh, yes," says Bro<strong>the</strong>r X., "we kneAV it, bro<strong>the</strong>r, Ave kmnv<br />

you took it and we took an equal number <strong>of</strong> bushels from your pile." So<br />

honors seemed to be even betAveen <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

A young man came here from <strong>the</strong> East to teach music, and he wished<br />

to introduce <strong>the</strong> present system <strong>of</strong> do, re, mi, etc. A meeting Avas held<br />

in <strong>the</strong> basement to organize a class, and <strong>the</strong> minister, Mr. Hart, gave<br />

him a very kindly introduction. The young man Avas bashful, and<br />

totally unaccustomed to speaking in public. Accordingly Avhen he got<br />

up to explain his system, he could nqt for a time utter a Avord that anyone<br />

could understand. He would start in, but before he could finish<br />

a sentence or convey an intelligent idea he Avould choke up. Then he<br />

Avould start in again with a like result. Meantime he Avas backing away<br />

from his audience, probably in <strong>the</strong> hope that it Avould not seem so<br />

formidable at a greater distance. At last he reached <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> his<br />

retreat, <strong>the</strong> Avail <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> room, and here he felt he must say something, if he<br />

died for it, and this is Avhat he produced, with much perspiration:<br />

"When you come into <strong>the</strong> church <strong>the</strong> minister gives out <strong>the</strong> hymn, <strong>the</strong>n

260 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

you pick up a hymn book and find <strong>the</strong> hymn, <strong>the</strong>n find <strong>the</strong> tune, <strong>the</strong>n<br />

<strong>the</strong> pitch is given, and you sound <strong>the</strong> do full and long, and I will risk<br />

it anyhoAV."<br />

Aftenvard ano<strong>the</strong>r musical genius came here to teach music, whose<br />

name Avas Hazelton. There Avas <strong>the</strong>n considerable strife over <strong>the</strong> respective<br />

merits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> music <strong>of</strong> Thomas Hastings, <strong>of</strong> New York, and LoAvell<br />

Mason, <strong>of</strong> Boston. This man claimed to be a pupil <strong>of</strong> Mason and condemned<br />

<strong>the</strong> music <strong>of</strong> Hastings. Over that matter he and W. T. locked<br />

horns, and <strong>the</strong> upshot was that Mr. West resigned his position as leader<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> choir, leaving Hazelton in possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> field. Hazelton had<br />

a peculiar scheme <strong>of</strong> pronunciation. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> an<strong>the</strong>ms <strong>the</strong>y Avere<br />

accustomed to sing included <strong>the</strong>se words: "He likes <strong>the</strong> tents <strong>of</strong> Jacob<br />

well, but still in Zion loves to dwell." After Mr. Hazelton had applied<br />

his science to <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong>y came out as follows: "He likes <strong>the</strong> tents <strong>of</strong><br />

Jacob weel, but steel in Zion loves to dweel." Mr. Hart asked him Avhy<br />

he pronounced <strong>the</strong> words in that fashion and Hazelton retorted:<br />

"Mr Hart, I am from Boston, Avhere music is made, and I won't give up<br />

my opinion for anyone."<br />

March 6, 1845, a meeting was held at <strong>the</strong> courthouse, <strong>the</strong> object <strong>of</strong><br />

which was "To correct an erroneous impression that <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky are so generally abolitionists that <strong>the</strong>y <strong>of</strong>fered every facility<br />

to <strong>the</strong> fugitive to make good his escape." This meeting Avas held by<br />

men <strong>the</strong>n and since honored in this community. The fact is, that <strong>the</strong><br />

sentiment on <strong>the</strong> Firelands Avas at that late day generally unfavorable to<br />

<strong>the</strong> slaves. At <strong>the</strong> October election in 1844 <strong>the</strong>re Avere only sixty-eight<br />

abolitionist votes cast in <strong>the</strong> whole County <strong>of</strong> Erie.<br />

Yet this church was sound on <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> slavery, for on <strong>the</strong><br />

16th day <strong>of</strong> August, 1847, at a called meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church resolutions<br />

d«nouncing slavery were introduced by Moors Fanvell and passed<br />

unanimously. FolloAving are one or tAvo <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> resolutions.<br />

"Resolved, That Ave view <strong>the</strong> system <strong>of</strong> slavery as it exists in <strong>the</strong><br />

United States as at Avar with every principle <strong>of</strong> right, especially that<br />

plain fundamental law <strong>of</strong> love, 'As ye Avould that o<strong>the</strong>rs should do to<br />

you, do ye even so unto <strong>the</strong>m,' and that Ave utterly disapprove <strong>of</strong> and<br />

abhor it.<br />

"Nor can Ave countenance <strong>the</strong> doctrine recently put forth from high<br />

places, that its being an organic sin tends to lessen its enormity or take<br />

from individual responsibility, but in our vieAv this fact only SIIOAVS that<br />

<strong>the</strong> evil is Avidespread and <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>of</strong> fearful import.<br />

"Against it, <strong>the</strong>refore, as a mass <strong>of</strong> complicated and flagrant Avrong,<br />

we record and proclaim our solemn protest especially against those perversions<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sacred oracles by which it is attempted to make <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

Divine Author <strong>the</strong> patron and protector <strong>of</strong> a system so entirely repugnant<br />

to <strong>the</strong>ir principles and spirit."<br />

The folloAving resolution received only tAvo votes at <strong>the</strong> same meeting:<br />

"Entertaining <strong>the</strong>se vieAvs <strong>of</strong> slavery, and believing that any violation<br />

<strong>of</strong> right is a sin against God, we as a church <strong>of</strong> Christ cannot invite<br />

to our pulpit or communion those who participate in this iniquitous sys-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 261<br />

tern." It would seem that this was not satisfactory to <strong>the</strong> ultra abolitionists,<br />

for just one month and one day later nineteen members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

church asked for letters to "Any evangelical church Avith which <strong>the</strong>y<br />

might choose to unite <strong>the</strong>mselves." Judging from <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> those<br />

present and voting for <strong>the</strong> resolutions, and <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> those who<br />

asked for letters, it seems that <strong>the</strong> resolutions were passed to content, if<br />

possible, those who felt most deeply on <strong>the</strong> subject. If that was <strong>the</strong><br />

purpose, it failed; for something over tAA'enty withdmv and finally<br />

organized what <strong>the</strong>y called <strong>the</strong> Free Congregational Churchy They<br />

erected <strong>the</strong> frame building later occupied by <strong>the</strong> Baptists. This church<br />

seems to have prospered in spite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> defection. It called Rev. N. W.<br />

Fisher, October 25, 1847, to be its pastor, and during <strong>the</strong> year ending<br />

September 1, 1848, <strong>the</strong>re AA'ere receh'ed by letter fifty-five members and<br />

seven on pr<strong>of</strong>ession. The salary <strong>the</strong>n paid by <strong>the</strong> church was $800<br />

and its membership 191, benevolences, $707.<br />

' September 1, 1849, <strong>the</strong> membership <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church Avas <strong>20</strong>8. This<br />

Avas <strong>the</strong> great year <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera. The pastor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church, Rev. N. W.<br />

Fisher, "Avas so faithful to his duty," to use <strong>the</strong> language <strong>of</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r,<br />

"that Avhen death stalked abroad in {foe city, and fifty uncovered c<strong>of</strong>fins<br />

lay in <strong>the</strong> streets, he staid right at his post and died." It seems almost<br />

pa<strong>the</strong>tic that <strong>the</strong> only notice <strong>of</strong> his death to be found in our church<br />

records is contained in an almost illegible line, Avritten in "pencil, near<br />

<strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> page, in such small characters as to almost escape<br />

attention, in <strong>the</strong> folloAving words: "Rev. N. W. Fisher died July 31."<br />

The next page contains a notice to <strong>the</strong> effect that <strong>the</strong> "church from July<br />

to September lost eleven members by cholera, giving <strong>the</strong>ir names.<br />

The church has had a number <strong>of</strong> able men as pastors, men <strong>of</strong> even<br />

national reputation, but it never had a better or more able man than<br />

Rev. J. B. Walker. The minister <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church had resigned at <strong>the</strong><br />

prayer meeting, and everybody AA'as broken up. The next morning<br />

Deacons Parish and Hitchcock, AVIIO lived side by side, AA'ere out at <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

back doors talking to each o<strong>the</strong>r over <strong>the</strong> back fence, and <strong>the</strong>y did not<br />

knoAv what to do. Parish said he had a mind to go doAvn to Mansfield<br />

and see Bro<strong>the</strong>r Walker. Finally he said to Hitchcock, "Bring your<br />

Avife over to tea this evening and Ave will talk it over." Some time during<br />

<strong>the</strong> clay Mr. Walker presented himself at Deacon Parish's door.<br />

"Surely," says Deacon Parish, "<strong>the</strong> Lord has sent you. Our minister<br />

has resigned and Ave Avere talking about going down to Mansfield<br />

to consult Avith you. Can't you recommend some one to us?" "Well,"<br />

ansAvered <strong>the</strong> minister, "I guess I haVe done all <strong>the</strong> good at Mansfield<br />

that I can; I will come myself." He did come. The church had just<br />

enlarged its house <strong>of</strong> Avorship; <strong>the</strong> hard times had come on, and <strong>the</strong>y<br />

Avere $10,000 in debt. Mr. Walker AA'as just <strong>the</strong> man tounite a distracted<br />

church, and he AA'as an excellent financier. He demanded no guaranty<br />

for his salary, but said he Avanted only enpugh to live on without<br />

trouble. Under bis pastorate <strong>the</strong> society mostly paid <strong>of</strong>f its indebtedness,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> church greatly increased in numbers. He Avas <strong>the</strong> author<br />

<strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> Avorks, chief among <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> "Philosophy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Plan

262 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>of</strong> Salvation," which AVIIS adopted as a text book in many seminaries,<br />

and Avas translated into a number <strong>of</strong> foreign languages. You will find<br />

his name in <strong>the</strong> encyclopedias.<br />

To go back a little: March 1, 1851, Samuel Moss Avas "appointed a<br />

committee to co-operate with a committee from <strong>the</strong> Be<strong>the</strong>l and Methodist<br />

churches in an attempt to raise funds to pay for moving <strong>the</strong> bodies<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> late ministers <strong>of</strong> said churches, Thomas Cooper, H. P. Ward and<br />

N. W. Fisher, Avho died in <strong>the</strong> year 1849 <strong>of</strong> cholera, from <strong>the</strong> old to <strong>the</strong><br />

IICAV cemetery, and for erecting a monument for <strong>the</strong> same." This Avas<br />

accomplished, and <strong>the</strong>,monument may be seen in Oakland Cemetery, in<br />

<strong>the</strong> eastern part.<br />

November 18, 1852, letters <strong>of</strong> dismissal were granted to twenty-six<br />

persons, at <strong>the</strong>ir request, AVIIO wished to form a Presbyterian Church in<br />

Sandusky.<br />

Twenty-five persons, mostly from <strong>the</strong> Second Congregational Church,<br />

AA'ere received and soon <strong>the</strong>y were all in one fold. The Wesleyan Methodist<br />

also came into <strong>the</strong> church.<br />

In 1856 a building AVIIS erected at a cost <strong>of</strong> about $<strong>20</strong>,000 on <strong>the</strong> site<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> former building facing tOAvards Columbus Avenue and utilizing<br />

<strong>the</strong> material <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> former building. This building Avas 90 by 64 feet and<br />

was considered a fine building at that period. At this time <strong>the</strong> church<br />

numbered 152 members and had an organ and bell. In 1895 <strong>the</strong> city<br />

bought <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church and <strong>the</strong> present building AVIIS erected<br />

on <strong>the</strong> site IIOAV occupied at <strong>the</strong> north Avest corner <strong>of</strong> Jefferson Street<br />

and Columbus Avenue.<br />

EVANGELICAL I.AIMANIELS CHURCH<br />

The first. German church in Sandusky, <strong>the</strong> old Emanuel Church. AA'as<br />

founded in 1844 and had <strong>the</strong>ir first meeting house where <strong>the</strong> high school<br />

IIOAV stands. Nearly every German family in Sandusky contributed<br />

ei<strong>the</strong>r money or labor to help build it. The total amount at <strong>the</strong> disposal<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building coniinitlee AVIIS $342.28. The largest contributor AVIIS<br />

Jacob Schuck, who gave $50. On <strong>the</strong> 7th <strong>of</strong> July, 1844, Jacob Hertel,<br />

<strong>the</strong> founder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Demokrat, called a meeting at <strong>the</strong> old<br />

courthouse to organize a German church. AA'hich tAventy-tAvo attended.<br />

At a second meeting, on July 14, Peter Gilcher, Johanna Ilornung, Fred<br />

Reinheimer, Jacob Kncrr and Johan Clausius Avere appointed a committee<br />

<strong>of</strong> five Avhich reported on July 21 that it Avas uinvise to build at that<br />

time, but <strong>the</strong>y passed a resolution to pay a traveling preacher $4 for a<br />

Sunday sermon, Avith his board and lodging, and perhaps his breakfast<br />

on Monday morning was included. The constitution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church Avas<br />

adopted at a meeting held at <strong>the</strong> old courthouse February 14, 1846. On<br />

January 18. 1857, <strong>the</strong> first permanent preacher, John Mosebaeh, AVIIS<br />

elected by a vote <strong>of</strong> thirteen members in his favor and seventeen members<br />

against him. notAvithstanding Avhich he AVIIS declared elected. He Avas<br />

succeeded by Dr. T. A. Fischer, AVIIO Avas pastor up to 1870. receiving a<br />

salary <strong>of</strong> $300 a year. Reverend Mr. Seipel succeeded Doctor Fischer and

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 263<br />

was in turn succeeded by Dr. E. Schulenberg, and <strong>the</strong> present church,<br />

at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Adams Street and Columbus Avenue, was erected.<br />

If .-<strong>the</strong> plans mentioned in <strong>the</strong> minutes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meeting <strong>of</strong> January 23,<br />

1845, Avere carried out, <strong>the</strong>n a stone building Avas erected on <strong>the</strong> site<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present high school building, 40 feet long, 36 feet wide and 15<br />

feet high. It is certain that <strong>the</strong> building was erected in 1845 and<br />

finished so far that services could be conducted <strong>the</strong>rein.<br />

Just Avhere <strong>the</strong> Evangelical Protestant congregation received <strong>the</strong> name<br />

"Iniinanuels" cannot be ascertained from <strong>the</strong> minutes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church<br />

record. For a long time it was called <strong>the</strong> Gilcher Church. From 1854<br />

on, and in a neAV constitution that was adopted, it bears <strong>the</strong> name<br />

"Immanuels" Church. Yet it is pretty definitely stated that <strong>the</strong> church<br />

received this name on <strong>the</strong> day <strong>of</strong> dedication.<br />

Up to <strong>the</strong> time when <strong>the</strong> church was completed so services could be<br />

conducted <strong>the</strong>rein, and again in 1850 and 1852, <strong>the</strong> Evangelical people<br />

united with <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>rans in <strong>the</strong>ir religious worship. In 1852 <strong>the</strong><br />

Lu<strong>the</strong>rans withdreAV from <strong>the</strong> Evangelical congregation and continued<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir services in <strong>the</strong> old courthouse, until <strong>the</strong>y purchased <strong>the</strong> small Baptist<br />

Church on Wayne Street, back <strong>of</strong> Grace Church.<br />

In 1872 <strong>the</strong> congregation united with <strong>the</strong> Evangelical Synod <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

West. For over thirty years Rev. J. G. Ensslin Avas pastor <strong>of</strong> Immanuels<br />

congregation, having entered upon his pastorate May 1, 1876. Much<br />

has been accomplished that AVIIS deemed impossible at'<strong>the</strong> beginning,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> cliureh is in a flourishing condition. Rev. Theodore Eisen is <strong>the</strong><br />

present pastor.<br />

ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH<br />

The actual beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>ran Church dates back to 1847, at<br />

Avhich time a Reverend Mr. Richter ga<strong>the</strong>red a small band <strong>of</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>rans<br />

toge<strong>the</strong>r and encouraged building a church, AA'hich Avas built by a Mr.<br />

Knoepfle at his OAVH expense in <strong>the</strong> hope that <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>rans would take<br />

it <strong>of</strong>f his hands. Tt AVIIS used for church purposes a short time and sold<br />

to <strong>the</strong> city for a school building. It stood on <strong>the</strong> Courthouse Square<br />

facing Jackson Street. Prior to this time <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>rans Avorshipped in<br />

a dwelling house in <strong>the</strong> Avest end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, and after <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

cliinjcji building <strong>the</strong>y Avorshipped in <strong>the</strong> courthouse until <strong>the</strong>y purchased<br />

tlieliltle frame church built by <strong>the</strong> Free Congregationalists and later<br />

knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Baptist Church which stood at <strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> Grace Episcopal<br />

Church. The church AVIIS first organized June 14, 1852. In 1862 it<br />

exchanged <strong>the</strong> little frame church for <strong>the</strong> old Beatty Methodist Church,<br />

<strong>the</strong>n standing on <strong>the</strong> nortliAvest corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Courthouse Square. They<br />

occupied this building until <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir new church at <strong>the</strong><br />

corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and Jefferson Street. Its pastors have been<br />

Reverend Schladermundt. Rev. 13. Klein, Reverend Seidel, Rev. G. Lehrer,<br />

Rev. J. Dornbier, Rev. A. II. Dornbier and Rev. Theodore Stellhorn,<br />

<strong>the</strong> present pastor. The church has more than 1.000 members. Avith a<br />

Sunday school & more than 500 scholars, and while its expenses are<br />

several thousand qqftirs a year it is out <strong>of</strong> debt.

264 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

On Sunday, August 21,1898, <strong>the</strong> cornerstone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present Lu<strong>the</strong>ran<br />

Church Avas laid. Iflside <strong>the</strong> cornerstone Avas placed a Bible, catechism<br />

and hymn book, copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> constitution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church and aid society,<br />

list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> voting members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church, <strong>the</strong> present vestry pastors and<br />

teachers, church papers and local papers, business card <strong>of</strong> George Feick,<br />

<strong>the</strong> builder, city report and list <strong>of</strong> county <strong>of</strong>ficials, book entitled "Sandusky,<br />

Now and Then," and gold, silver and copper coins.<br />

On November 19,1899, <strong>the</strong> NeAv Zion Lu<strong>the</strong>ran Church Avas dedicated.<br />

The German Reform Church was organized August 12, 1853, and<br />

Rev. Peter Brucker was <strong>the</strong>ir first pastor. Its house <strong>of</strong> Avorship and<br />

parsonage still stands at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Hancock and Jefferson streets.<br />

Its present pastor is Rev. Walter Rickard.<br />

The German Evangelical Kirchen Gemeinschaft, known as <strong>the</strong> Albrecht<br />

or Zollinger Church, stood for many years east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Immanuel<br />

Church on Adams Street, where it Avas erected in 1854. The rights <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> church Avert* bought by <strong>the</strong> city in 191—, and <strong>the</strong> congregation erected<br />

a modern church at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Wayne and Division streets, its<br />

present pastor being Rev. Samuel Goetz.<br />

ST. STEPHEN'S GERMAN EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH<br />

This church is located at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Jefferson and LiiAvrence streets.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1881 Doctor Von Schulenberg organized this church, and<br />

with a feAV families from <strong>the</strong> Ijfcianuel Church, and several o<strong>the</strong>rs, took<br />

steps tOAvard a permanent organization. The necessity for a building<br />

forced <strong>the</strong>in at once to make arrangements for its beginning, and Doctor<br />

Von Schulenberg succeeded in seeing one erected at a cost <strong>of</strong> $3,500,<br />

Avhich Avas dedicated in May,»1882.<br />

In addition to <strong>the</strong> Avork <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parish, and <strong>the</strong> service <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church,<br />

Doctor Von Schulenberg accomplished a large amount <strong>of</strong> literary Avork.<br />

The present pastor is Rev. John II. Holdgraf.<br />

The Salem Church Evangelical Association stood for many years on<br />

<strong>the</strong> north side~ <strong>of</strong> Adams Street, east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Blue Grammar School, and<br />

had for its first pastor Rev. Conrad Trainer. The society Avas organized<br />

in 1840 by John Hull and Stroh. The church Avas <strong>of</strong>ten called <strong>the</strong><br />

Zollinger Church and its house <strong>of</strong> Avorship AAJIS built in 1854 and stood<br />

until 1914, when <strong>the</strong> society erected a HCAV modern building on South<br />

Wayne Street, its present location.<br />

The German Reformed Church Avas formed by seceders from <strong>the</strong><br />

German Evangelical Protestant Emanuel Church and AVIIS organized<br />

August 12, 1852, by Rev. Peter Bricker. Its building is situated at <strong>the</strong><br />

corner <strong>of</strong> Hancock and Jefferson streets.<br />

THE FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH, SANDUSKY<br />

There was a called meeting <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Christian Church<br />

residing in <strong>the</strong> city and vicinity at <strong>the</strong> home <strong>of</strong> C. G. Cayhoe in April,<br />

1910. The folloAving Avert* present at that meeting: Joseph Cordner,

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 265<br />

John Ellis, Lewis Foster, Fanny Foster, C. G. Cayhoe, Eliza Cayhoe,<br />

Lewis Hall, Eliza Hall, George Horner and Susie Horner. After a<br />

season <strong>of</strong> devotional services an organization wis effected knoAvn as <strong>the</strong><br />

Bro<strong>the</strong>rhood League. The object <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> organization Avas to plant <strong>the</strong><br />

church in Sandusky. The folloAving Avere elected <strong>of</strong>ficers: Joseph Cordner,<br />

president; Susie Horner, secretary and treasurer; and <strong>the</strong> following<br />

resolutions Avere passed: "Resolved, that Ave meet every Lord's Day<br />

for <strong>the</strong> breaking <strong>of</strong> bread and prayer, and that Ave hold a mid-week<br />

prayer meeting." The above-resolutions Avere adhered to, meeting from<br />

house to house, until March 26, 1911, when <strong>the</strong> building at 905 Columbus<br />

Avenue AVIIS rented, and a Bible school with tAventy-six charter members<br />

was organized. The folloAving <strong>of</strong>ficers and teachers Avere chosen: LeAvis<br />

EPISCOPAL CHURCH (STORM SCENE)<br />

Cole, superintendent; LeAvis Hall, assistant superintendent; Belle Cayhoe,<br />

organist; Fanny Foster, secretary and treasurer; Eliza Cayhoe, C. G.<br />

Cayhoe and E. L. Wicker, teachers.<br />

The school moved from Columbus Avenue to <strong>the</strong> Eqst Adams Street<br />

Chapel, August 1. 1912. The Bible •school continued to groAV sloAvly, and<br />

Ave hail occasional preaching by T. J. White, North Baltimore, Ohio.<br />

Traveree Harrison, Bellefontaine, Ohio, held a tAvo Aveeks' meeting<br />

in March, 1914, and <strong>the</strong> church AVIIS organized with a membership <strong>of</strong><br />

forty-three. C. G. Cayhoe and Rudolph Ross Avere chosen elders, and<br />

Henry J. Hall, C. W. Sanders. Wesle^ElJjsafllFiTSlen ROAVC. deacons.<br />

R. C. Lemon, Lexington. Kentucky, Avas called to <strong>the</strong> ministry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

church August 1, .1914, and duringviis ministry, including <strong>the</strong> revival<br />

meeting that Avas held in April, VJ\o, by C. A. MacDonald, state evan-

266 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

gelist, Bellefontaine, Ohio, and Clifford P. Wilson, Akron, Ohio, <strong>the</strong>re<br />

have been forty-eight accessions to <strong>the</strong> church.<br />

GRACE EPISCOPAL CHURCH<br />

On <strong>the</strong> fiftieth anniversary <strong>of</strong> Grace Church, May 30, 1885, <strong>the</strong><br />

Register contained a very full historical article by William P. Chapman<br />

and Rice Harper, from Avhich <strong>the</strong> following article is taken:<br />

"The first move to organize Grace Church was in <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong><br />

1834-35 at <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Josiah W. Hollister when <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong><br />

building a church Avas introduced by Mrs. John G. Camp and a proposition<br />

to circulate subscription papers for a building was made. In March,<br />

1835, a parish Avas organized at <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Oran Follett. Shortly<br />

after this a contract Avas made by <strong>the</strong> vestry Avith Ogden Mallory to<br />

build a church <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> 45 ft. by 90 ft. on <strong>the</strong> ground which is still<br />

a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present building, for <strong>the</strong> contract price <strong>of</strong> $6,758.11, and a<br />

contract Avas also made with Bedortha & Mary to do a certain amount <strong>of</strong><br />

carpenter Avork and furnish materials for <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> $2,100.00, all <strong>of</strong><br />

which became a debt against <strong>the</strong> Parish, Avhich toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> debt<br />

OAving to <strong>the</strong> Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky made a large indebtedness which remained<br />

for some years and until <strong>the</strong> charter was amended, giving poAver to<br />

mortgage <strong>the</strong> church property so that <strong>the</strong> building could be finished and<br />

<strong>the</strong> pews sold. The cornerstone was laid July 28, 1835. In December,<br />

1843, <strong>the</strong> pews AAXTC sold at auction, from AA'hich sale a sufficient sum Avas<br />

realized to reimburse Messrs. Hubbard, Hollister and Durbin for finish-ing<br />

<strong>the</strong> church, $1,745.72, and to pay <strong>the</strong> Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky $400.00 and<br />

John G. Camp $<strong>20</strong>7.50 and o<strong>the</strong>r claims to <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> $287.00, so<br />

that <strong>the</strong> church was free from debt except a small balance on <strong>the</strong> bell<br />

and organ, which AVIIS soon cancelled.<br />

"From <strong>the</strong> time that Rev. Launsbury came, in December, 1843, <strong>the</strong><br />

Parish has always had a rector. The first vestry Avas composed <strong>of</strong> Abner<br />

Rott, Senior Warden; Zenas M. Barker, Junior Warden; John G. Camp,<br />

John M. Sloane, Ogden Mallory, Eleuthros Cooke, T. Neill, John Kinney,<br />

James Hollister and W. M. Chapman."<br />

The building AVIIS enlarged in 1852 by <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> a transept at a<br />

cost equal to <strong>the</strong> original expenditure, $8,000. In 1857 tAvo towers Avere<br />

added and <strong>the</strong> front o<strong>the</strong>nvise improved at an additional expense <strong>of</strong><br />

$8,000.<br />

Under <strong>the</strong> pastorate <strong>of</strong> Dr. S. A. Bronson and Rev. W. Farr <strong>the</strong><br />

church enjoyed great prosperity for a quarter <strong>of</strong> a century. During this<br />

time St. .Mary's Chapel in <strong>the</strong> Western Liberties, and St. Ann's in Camp'<br />

Town, and later St. John's in <strong>the</strong> Liberties and Calvary Church in Camp<br />

Town, which took <strong>the</strong> place oE St. Ann's, Avere erected, and in 1875 <strong>the</strong><br />

Good Samaritan Hospital Avasty'gun. During <strong>the</strong> pastorate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rev.<br />

L. S. Osborne <strong>the</strong> present chapj'l <strong>of</strong> St. Lukes AVIIS built in 1878. The<br />

present rector <strong>of</strong> Grace Chureli! is Edmund G. Mapes.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 267<br />

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH<br />

The First Presbyterian Church Avas organized in 1852. During <strong>the</strong><br />

first year services Avere held in Campbell's Hall, on Water Street, about<br />

Avhere <strong>the</strong> Western Union telegraph <strong>of</strong>fice noAV stands. Its first minister<br />

was W. S. Kennedy. The present church building AA'as begun in 1853<br />

and <strong>the</strong> lecture room finished and occupied in 1854, and <strong>the</strong> Avhole building<br />

finished and dedicated in 1855 at a cost <strong>of</strong> $33,000, including <strong>the</strong><br />

organ and bell. In 1858 <strong>the</strong> church had about 100 members. Its present<br />

pastor is Rev. C. Argyle Kellar.<br />

BAPTIST CHURCH<br />

The First Baptist Church <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Avas organized September 22,<br />

1854, in Campbell's Hall (noAV <strong>the</strong> Register Building), where services<br />

Avert* held for one year. The church began with nineteen members.<br />

Converts were <strong>the</strong>n immersed in Sandusky Bay at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Perry or<br />

Hancock Street or at <strong>the</strong> old shipyard. On at least one occasion <strong>the</strong> ice<br />

was cut through for this purpose. After one year in Campbell's Hall<br />

<strong>the</strong>y bought <strong>the</strong> old stone church erected by <strong>the</strong> Wesleyan Methodists and<br />

called <strong>the</strong> Beatty Church on <strong>the</strong> nortliAvest corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Courthouse<br />

Square. The upper story was not <strong>the</strong>n finished. There were steps on<br />

<strong>the</strong> outside leading up to <strong>the</strong> second story. The building was used as a<br />

hospital in <strong>the</strong> cholera years <strong>of</strong> 1849 and 1852. They paid $2,500 for<br />

<strong>the</strong> property. The completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second story during <strong>the</strong> pastorate<br />

<strong>of</strong> Rev. Justin D. Fulton placed <strong>the</strong> church in debt, and compelled an<br />

exchange Avith Lu<strong>the</strong>ran Church by AA'hich <strong>the</strong> Baptist body received <strong>the</strong><br />

frame building on Hit* East Square erected by <strong>the</strong> Free Congregationiilists<br />

about 1839 and occupied by <strong>the</strong> Baptist Church until <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

building to <strong>the</strong> city. The Free Congregationiilists sold to <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>rans<br />

August 10, 1858, and <strong>the</strong>y sold to <strong>the</strong> Baptists in 1862. The church<br />

declined until <strong>the</strong>re Avas little or nothing done from 1868 to 1872. The<br />

Unitarians rented <strong>the</strong> building for a while about this time. In 1879 <strong>the</strong><br />

battle Avith <strong>the</strong> city over <strong>the</strong> right to build began which ultimately settled<br />

<strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> all churches on <strong>the</strong> squares and AA'as won by <strong>the</strong> Baptists.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir imilding <strong>the</strong> Baptist Church held services in<br />

Temple Hall in <strong>the</strong> Mahala Block (since destroyed) until <strong>the</strong> completion<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir present building at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Wayne and Monroe streets.<br />

From its organization this church had taken a A'ery positive position<br />

on <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> slavery and intemperance, and this at a time Avhen it<br />

meant more than it IIOAV does. In its church covenant is included a total<br />

abstinence pledge, and it holds its position firmly on this basis today.<br />

The church is IIOAV healthy and vigorous and hopeful <strong>of</strong> a successful and<br />

bright future.<br />

ZION BAPTIST CHURCH (COLORED)<br />

The Zion Baptist Church is located' on <strong>the</strong> AA*est side <strong>of</strong> Decatur<br />

Street betAveen Washington and Adams streets. In <strong>the</strong> year 1856 Elder<br />

Norman Canipbell organized this church Avith only seven members.

268 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Elder Campbell took charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church and* remained its pastor for<br />

three years.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1857 a building Avas purchased and partially paid<br />

for through <strong>the</strong> agency <strong>of</strong> Elder Campbell, AVIIO was appointed to collect<br />

funds for that purpose. In <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1859 he left and Avas succeeded<br />

by Elder IT. II; Hamilton, who became pastor and labored here during<br />

1859. In that year <strong>the</strong> society was incorporated, and <strong>the</strong> folloAving<br />

persons chosen trustees: Nathaniel Jones, Laurence Johnson and E. P<br />

Reynolds.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> year 1860 <strong>the</strong> members made a great effort to pay <strong>of</strong>f<br />

<strong>the</strong> debt still remaining on <strong>the</strong> lot, but notAvithstanding all <strong>the</strong>ir exertions<br />

<strong>the</strong>y did not succeed, and Nathaniel Jones met <strong>the</strong> difficulty by mortgaging<br />

his OAVII house and lot for riieans to pay <strong>the</strong> debt. About this time<br />

William Hamilton, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> principal deacons, died, praying that <strong>the</strong><br />

debt might he removed. There AVIIS no regular pastor at that time, but<br />

in <strong>the</strong> autumn <strong>of</strong> 1861 Elder Dardes took charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church as pastor<br />

but failed to add to <strong>the</strong> church financial or spiritual poAver.<br />

The church has not ahvays had a regular pastor but has been supplied<br />

al different times with ministers and missionaries.<br />

THE SALVATION ARMY<br />

The Salvation Army first struck Sandusky in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1886. The<br />

Register states that at its first meeting in Center's Hall, at <strong>the</strong> nortliAvest<br />

corner <strong>of</strong> Madison Street and Columbus Avenue, it had about <strong>20</strong>0 present,<br />

and in its second Sunday meeting it had at least 1,000 in its audience.<br />

Since that time <strong>the</strong> army has had its nps and doAA'ns and has several<br />

times abandoned <strong>the</strong> city to its fate. But it spite <strong>of</strong> several ifnfaithful<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers and its injurious system <strong>of</strong> short itinerant residence for its <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />

it has commanded <strong>the</strong> respect <strong>of</strong> a large portion <strong>of</strong> our community.<br />

There are three Spiritualist organizations in <strong>the</strong> city: The First<br />

Spiritual Reform Church meets at Fuchs Hall. Its pastor is E. W. Hook,<br />

who is also president <strong>of</strong> its <strong>of</strong>ficial board. The First Spiritual Science<br />

Church meets at G. A. R. Hall at 7 o'clock Sunday evenings. Its president<br />

is Trving Jackson. The Progressive Church <strong>of</strong> Spiritualism meets<br />

Thursday afternoon and evening and Sunday evening at Maecabee Hall.<br />

Tts president is Mrs. A. C. Schieber.<br />

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE<br />

The first knoAvn <strong>of</strong> Christian Science in Salidusky Avas in 1885 or<br />

1.886, Avhen Miss Rose Gifford came from Ashtabula and lectured in<br />

private ponies on <strong>the</strong> subject. tAvo <strong>of</strong> Hie first to become interested being<br />

Mrs. John M. Boalt and niece. Miss Clara Boalt, <strong>the</strong>n living on Wayne<br />

Street Avhere Dr. Charles Grael'e IIOAV lives. The only one interested at<br />

that time still living being Miss Clara Boalt, IIOAV <strong>of</strong> California.<br />

On November 3. 1900. a charter was granted and <strong>the</strong> meetings Avere<br />

held at <strong>the</strong> Odd FCIIOAVS Temple. The only charter members still in

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY , 269<br />

Sandusky being Miss Hannah Matthias and Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Walker.<br />

O<strong>the</strong>r members having left <strong>the</strong> city being Mr. and Mrs. Howard C.<br />

Frederick, Mrs. Henry S. Moore and Mrs. Oliver W. Marble. Miss Lottie<br />

Loomis, Mrs. Kate Inman and Olivet W. Marble have since passed*<br />

over.<br />

On November 28, 1902, <strong>the</strong>y moved to <strong>the</strong> Masonic Temple, and in<br />

December, 1908, moved to <strong>the</strong> Carnegie <strong>Library</strong> Building, Avhere services<br />

are held tAvice each Aveck. They have a membership <strong>of</strong> eighty-five, with<br />

an average attendance <strong>of</strong> 125. A free reading room is kept up in connec-<br />

• tion Avith <strong>the</strong> church in <strong>the</strong> Stone Block. The society is <strong>the</strong> OAvner <strong>of</strong> a<br />

lot at <strong>the</strong> nortlnvest corner <strong>of</strong> Monroe, Lawrence and Central Avenue,<br />

where, in due time, a suitable edifice will be erected.<br />

THE CATHOLIC CHURCHES OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

About 1830 <strong>the</strong> first Catholic immigrants arrived at Sandusky. These<br />

Catholic pioneers Avere first visited in 1834 by Rev. F. X. Tschenhens,<br />

C. S. R., AVIIO came from Peru, Huron County. Redemptorist Fa<strong>the</strong>rs,<br />

Avho established <strong>the</strong>mselves at Peru from 1829 to 1839, came at irregular<br />

intervals to Sandusky, attended to <strong>the</strong> spiritual needs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> few Catholics<br />

and said Mass in private houses. From 1839 Sandusky Avas attended by<br />

priests coming from Tiffin riding on horseback, a distance <strong>of</strong> thirty<br />

miles. Among <strong>the</strong>se was Rev. P. J. Machebeuf (<strong>the</strong> late bishop <strong>of</strong><br />

Denver), Avho became resident pastor in December, 1840. A room in <strong>the</strong><br />

old Customs House, rented for <strong>the</strong> purpose, AA'as <strong>the</strong> place where religious<br />

services were held.<br />

HOLY ANGELS' CHURCH<br />

The cornerstone <strong>of</strong> Holy Angels' Church Avas laid October 13, 1841.<br />

The building <strong>of</strong> this church is thus described by Fa<strong>the</strong>r Machebeuf, AVIIO<br />

afterwards became bishop <strong>of</strong> Denver, Colorado. In a letter to his fa<strong>the</strong>r<br />

dated February 28,1842, he says: '' You will remember when I told you<br />

<strong>of</strong> my appointment as pastor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky City and LoAA'er Sandusky,<br />

T said that I had no church in ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se places. The first step,<br />

<strong>the</strong>n, in organizing my congregations Avas to get subscriptions for Sandusky<br />

City, Avhere I fixed my residence. For that it was necessary to,<br />

scour <strong>the</strong> forests and cross <strong>the</strong> Lake to <strong>the</strong> Peninsula and little islands<br />

near by to find <strong>the</strong> Catholics. Then I had to look out f6r a location for<br />

<strong>the</strong> church. TAVO rich property OAvners <strong>of</strong> Sandusky City, nei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />

whom is Catholic, Avere anxious to donate ground for that purpose. Mr.<br />

toilette <strong>of</strong>fered us a magnificent Jot in <strong>the</strong>, eastern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town, and<br />

Mr. Mills Avould give us three lots in <strong>the</strong> Avestern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>-tOAvn and<br />

$100 in cash. I Avaited for Bishop Purcell to come before deciding <strong>the</strong> ><br />

question, and Mr. Mills greAv so apprehensive that Ave Avould accept <strong>the</strong><br />

proposition <strong>of</strong> Mr. Follette, that he <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>the</strong> Bishop five lots, Avith $530<br />

and all <strong>the</strong> stone and timber necessary for <strong>the</strong> building. You may<br />

imagine that Bishop Purcell did not hesitate long in his choice.<br />

"Immediately after <strong>the</strong> Bishop's departure our people began to AA'ork.<br />

Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m set to hauling stone, o<strong>the</strong>rs to cutting and preparing <strong>the</strong>

270 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

timber, and during that time I Avent aAvay for <strong>the</strong> retreat. I Avas absent<br />

five or six weeks, and upon my returji I invited an IrMh priest, Avho<br />

is my neighbor and lives also on <strong>the</strong> shore <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lake, to come and preach<br />

for <strong>the</strong> laying <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corner-stone. A feAV days later about fifteen or<br />

tAventy. Catholics, <strong>the</strong> pastor among <strong>the</strong> number, set to <strong>the</strong> real Avork,<br />

ami from <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>of</strong> October until <strong>the</strong> winter came on every minute that<br />

was not consecrated'to <strong>the</strong> ministry was given to <strong>the</strong> Avorkmen. I have<br />

been at times architect, superintendent, mason, and even less than that,<br />

as <strong>the</strong> need may have been.<br />

"The day <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> blessing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corner-stone I made use <strong>of</strong> a veryefficacious<br />

means to make my people work. The teamsters had unloaded<br />

an enormous pile <strong>of</strong> stone inside <strong>the</strong> plan <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foundations. It Avas<br />

right in our way. So Avithout saying a Avord, I took <strong>of</strong>f my coat and<br />

hat and began carrying <strong>the</strong> stone outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foundations. The spectators<br />

all took <strong>the</strong> hint immediately and it AA'as not long before all <strong>the</strong><br />

stone AVIIS removed. In doing this I Avas only imitating our Bishop, AVIIO<br />

at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> his seminarians, used <strong>the</strong> shovel for half a day digging<br />

for <strong>the</strong> foundations <strong>of</strong> his ca<strong>the</strong>dral, while Fa<strong>the</strong>rs Gacon, Cheymol and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs filled <strong>the</strong> AvheelbarroAvs. You see that AAX* are obliged to turn ourselves<br />

to everything."<br />

The church Avas built entirely <strong>of</strong> stone, with AvindoAvs, front and corners<br />

trimmed with cut stone and dedicated in 1845. It is 40 by 70, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

pure Gothic style. The first story <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> belfry is 40 feet high, and <strong>the</strong><br />

steeple rises 30 feet higher Avith a gilded cross.<br />

In June, 1846, Bishop Purcell visited Sandusky and blessed Fa<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Machebeuf's churches, <strong>of</strong> Avhich <strong>the</strong>re Avere now three, and gave confirmation<br />

to 137 persons in <strong>the</strong> mission. The bishop Avas pleased with<br />

Avhat he saAv, and admired particularly <strong>the</strong> fine .stone church at Sandusky,<br />

40 by 70 in dimensions, in Gothic style, with its spire 117 feet high, surmounted<br />

by a cross, as Fa<strong>the</strong>r Machebeuf says, "made by an English<br />

Anabaptist, gilded by an American infidel and placed upon a Catholic<br />

Church to be seen shining by mariners far out upon <strong>the</strong> lake."<br />

This church had also <strong>the</strong> luxury <strong>of</strong> a bell, and in connection with this<br />

Fa<strong>the</strong>r Machebeuf used to relate <strong>the</strong> folloAving incident: "When I AVIIS<br />

telling <strong>the</strong>m a feiv Aveeks before Christmas that I expected to find a man<br />

<strong>of</strong> good will AVIIO Avould volunteer, to go to Toledo for <strong>the</strong> bell before<br />

Christinas, 1845, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m in an excess <strong>of</strong> good will, forgot that he<br />

AA'as in church and cried out immediately, 'Say priest, I'll go tomorroAv.'<br />

and he kept his Avord." John McGoldrick AVIIS <strong>the</strong> man AVIIO "kept his<br />

-word."<br />

The Catholic Church <strong>of</strong> St. Peter and St. Paul is a monument to <strong>the</strong><br />

Rev. R. A. Sidley.<br />

Reverend Fa<strong>the</strong>r Sidley came here April 28, 1863. He AA'as <strong>the</strong>n<br />

ra<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> prime <strong>of</strong> life, and naturally a priest desired to carry on<br />

<strong>the</strong> AA'ork so nobly begun at Holy Angels.<br />

In taking charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Holy Angels he found matters in a very good<br />

condition, considering <strong>the</strong> difficulties <strong>the</strong> congregation had to pass<br />

through. Fa<strong>the</strong>r Sidley, folloAving in <strong>the</strong> footsteps <strong>of</strong> his old pr<strong>of</strong>essor,

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 271<br />

Reverend Fa<strong>the</strong>r Caron, saAV, too, <strong>the</strong> great mistake made at <strong>the</strong> beginning<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Avay <strong>the</strong> church property was obtained, and felt <strong>the</strong> burden.<br />

It Avas clear that <strong>the</strong> growing Avants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> congregation needed something.<br />

Holy Angels' Church Avas too small to accommodate all <strong>the</strong><br />

people; it was too far removed from <strong>the</strong> greatest majority <strong>of</strong> those that<br />

had to attend <strong>the</strong>re.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1865, a meeting wi b held to consider Avhat Avas to<br />

be done, Avhe<strong>the</strong>r it Avould be better to enlarge Holy Angels' Church or<br />

build a neAV church on <strong>the</strong> grounds already purchased, that is, on <strong>the</strong><br />

corner <strong>of</strong> Jackson and Jefferson streets. The meeting resolved <strong>the</strong>re AVIIS<br />

no use <strong>of</strong> going to <strong>the</strong> expense <strong>of</strong> adding to Holy Angels' Church and<br />

even if it could be done decently <strong>the</strong> people Avould -be too far distant<br />

from <strong>the</strong> church—it not being centrally located. It AA'as <strong>the</strong>refore<br />

unanimously agreed to build a church at <strong>the</strong> place first appointed,<br />

corner <strong>of</strong> Jackson and Jefferson streets. On looking over <strong>the</strong> grounds it<br />

AA'as found a church <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> size required could not be built <strong>the</strong>re. Then a<br />

lot was purchased on <strong>the</strong> opposite side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> street. This also proved<br />

to be a little too confined; finally, with a great deal <strong>of</strong> difficulty <strong>the</strong> tAvo<br />

lots on Avhich SS. Peter and Paul's Church now stands Avere purchased<br />

at a cost <strong>of</strong> $2,400. This also Avas*done with <strong>the</strong> advice and consent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Ordinary.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1866 <strong>the</strong> foundation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new church Avas begun,<br />

and on <strong>the</strong> 22d day <strong>of</strong> July <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year <strong>the</strong> corner' stone Avas laid<br />

by Right Reverend Bishop Rosecrans. The building was very rapidly<br />

pushed to completion, and <strong>the</strong> congregation was able to take possession<br />

<strong>of</strong> it on Easter Sunday <strong>the</strong> 9th day <strong>of</strong> April, 1871.<br />

It is a very handsome and substantial edifice, 145 feet in length and<br />

71 feet in Avidth; <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tower is 135 feet. The church cost<br />

$75,000 and has a seating capacity <strong>of</strong> 1,<strong>20</strong>0. The elegant pastoral residence,<br />

built <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same material as <strong>the</strong> church, at a cost <strong>of</strong> $5,000 Avas<br />

erected in 1871.<br />

For about five years <strong>the</strong> Avhole congregation remained at SS. Peter<br />

and Paul's till a division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parish Avas made. Hence in consequence<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> kind <strong>of</strong> title to <strong>the</strong> grounds on which Holy Angels' Church stands<br />

<strong>the</strong> pastor and people, not willing to lose <strong>the</strong> property, determined to<br />

care for it and keep it in a fair Avay for future use as a church. It Avas<br />

<strong>the</strong>n thought that in <strong>the</strong> near future a neAV congregation could be <strong>the</strong>re<br />

formed which Avould be productive <strong>of</strong> good and which practically happened<br />

in <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> 1875, Avhen a neAV congregation <strong>of</strong> Holy<br />

Angels' Church AVIIS formed.<br />

This noble structure <strong>of</strong> SS. Peter and Paul's, which has been raised<br />

to <strong>the</strong> glory <strong>of</strong> God, though not so costly as a'foAV o<strong>the</strong>rs in <strong>the</strong> diocese,<br />

ranks Avith <strong>the</strong> best <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m in taste, finish, convenience, and general<br />

appearance, and will be for future ages a monument to <strong>the</strong> memory <strong>of</strong><br />

Rev. Fa<strong>the</strong>r R. A. Sidley.<br />

The German Catholics realized <strong>the</strong> need <strong>of</strong> having a separate church<br />

and accordingly, in January, 1853, a petition was sent to Bishop-Rappe<br />

for permission to organize a separate congregation and to have separate

272 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

services in Holy Angels' Church, until able to build for <strong>the</strong>mselves. The<br />

permission AVIIS granted and Rev. J. N. Conlan said Mass for <strong>the</strong>m. The<br />

Rev. F. M. B<strong>of</strong>f, <strong>the</strong>n a deacon, and AVIIO had been stationed at Sandusky<br />

since September, 1852, as quasi assistant to Fa<strong>the</strong>r Conlan, preached <strong>the</strong><br />

German sermons for fiA'e months. Meaiu\'hile <strong>the</strong> preparatory Avork <strong>of</strong><br />

organizing <strong>the</strong> HCAV parish, procuring suitable lots and building <strong>the</strong> IICAV<br />

church was vigorously continued.<br />

The first pastor appointed for <strong>the</strong> Germans Avas Rev* J. T. Dohveck..<br />

He arrived December, 1853, and remained in charge till April, 1855.<br />

During this finie special services were held at Holy Angels' Church for<br />

<strong>the</strong> Germans. In June he AA'as succeeded by Rev. J. Hammene, AVIIO<br />

secured three lots on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Jefferson and Decatur streets, at a<br />

cost <strong>of</strong> $1,900. As <strong>the</strong> parish Avas poor and Avithout credit <strong>the</strong> deed for<br />

<strong>the</strong> lots Avas not given until paid for. about 1864,<br />

The Avork <strong>of</strong> building <strong>the</strong> much desired church Avas commenced at<br />

once; a stone structure <strong>of</strong> moderate size AVIIS erected in 1855 and dedicated<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Blessed Virgin Mary under <strong>the</strong> title <strong>of</strong> Our Lady <strong>of</strong> Sorrows.<br />

In 1856 Fa<strong>the</strong>r Hamene built a pastoral residence <strong>of</strong> stone and in<br />

<strong>the</strong> following year a frame school. Rev. J. Ilackspiel Avas <strong>the</strong> next pastor<br />

in charge <strong>of</strong> St. Mary's, from July, 1861, to September, 1862.<br />

Parochial schools Avere Avanted Avhere <strong>the</strong> children might be educated<br />

not only in secular, but also in religious knoAvledge. To satisfy <strong>the</strong>se<br />

groAving needs Fa<strong>the</strong>r Ilackspiel directed his attention to <strong>the</strong> building <strong>of</strong><br />

a neAV school. A two-story stone building Avas commenced, but it Avas<br />

left to his successor, Rev. N. Moes, who Avas pastor <strong>of</strong> St. Mary's from<br />

September, 1862, until November, 1863, to finish this AA'ork at a cost<br />

<strong>of</strong> $5,000. '<br />

The Rev. A. Herbstritt, formerly a Sanguinist, Avas appointed pastor<br />

to St. Mary's, September, 1865, and remained in charge till July, 1868.<br />

In February, 1866, he bought <strong>the</strong> present St. Mary's Cemetery on Mills<br />

Street, Avhich covered an area <strong>of</strong> nearly fiA'e acres. Recognizing <strong>the</strong> fact<br />

that St. Mary's Avas bound to groAv in <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> th**** and that <strong>the</strong><br />

property on Jefferson and Decatur streets Avould become too small, Fa<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Herbstritt purchased <strong>the</strong> present splendid church property (six lots)<br />

between Central Avenue, Jefferson and Fulton streets. These lots cost<br />

$6,665. The object he had in view when buying <strong>the</strong>m AA'as to procure an<br />

eligible site for a larger and better church, in keeping with <strong>the</strong> size and<br />

needs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rapidly increasing parish. This important and responsible<br />

task fell to <strong>the</strong> lot <strong>of</strong> Rev. N. Moes, Avho for <strong>the</strong> second time Avas appointed<br />

pastor <strong>of</strong> St. Mary's, January, 1873.<br />

The foundation AVIIS finished in <strong>the</strong> early fall <strong>of</strong> 1873, and Bishop<br />

Gilmour laid <strong>the</strong> cornerstone in October <strong>of</strong> that year. But <strong>the</strong> hopes and<br />

expectations <strong>of</strong> pastor and people for an early completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church<br />

Avert* dispelled by <strong>the</strong> financial panic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Black Friday" <strong>of</strong> 1873.<br />

But with <strong>the</strong> first signs <strong>of</strong> better times Fa<strong>the</strong>r Moes. assisted by his generous<br />

people, resumed <strong>the</strong> Avork in full earnest. Gradually, and from<br />

1879 rapidly, <strong>the</strong> massive and stately pile took shape. Finally on Sunday,<br />

November 28, 1880, <strong>the</strong> splendid stone structure was dedicated 'to

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 273<br />

<strong>the</strong> service <strong>of</strong> God and <strong>the</strong> patronage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Blessed Virgin, as Our Lady<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sorrows. Bishop Gilmour, assisted by many priests, performed <strong>the</strong><br />

dedicatory ceremonies. This was a day <strong>of</strong> supreme joy for <strong>the</strong> zealous<br />

pastor and his generous parishioners.<br />

St. Mary's Church takes undisputed rank among <strong>the</strong> stately churches<br />

in <strong>the</strong> diocese. Its dimensions are; length, 184 feet; width, 75 feet;<br />

height <strong>of</strong> spire,' <strong>20</strong>0 feet. The architecture is pure Gothic, <strong>the</strong> material<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foundation is Marblehead limestone, <strong>the</strong> superstructure Sandusky<br />

blue, limestone, with Berea sandstone trimmings, and <strong>the</strong> groined ceiling<br />

is supported by ten solid stone columns, ornamented with beautifully<br />

carved capitals. The church has a chime <strong>of</strong> three fine bells, tAvo <strong>of</strong> which<br />

were donated—<strong>the</strong> largest by Mr. C. Zipfel, <strong>the</strong> next in size by Mr.<br />

J. Obbergefel; <strong>the</strong> third is <strong>the</strong> same that was used in <strong>the</strong> old church.<br />

The interior <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church is fully in keeping Avith <strong>the</strong> imposing exterior.<br />

The stucco work and stained glass windows show excellent taste.<br />

The handsome pulpit was put in place shortly before <strong>the</strong> church Avas<br />

dedicated. The first altars were for temporary use; <strong>the</strong>y Avere replaced<br />

by <strong>the</strong> present artistic ones in 1887. The confessionals and <strong>the</strong> stations<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross (all oil paintings) which grace <strong>the</strong> church were bought<br />

in 1890, and cost $1,500. The best evidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> generosity <strong>of</strong> St.<br />

Mary's parish, and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prudent management <strong>of</strong> Fa<strong>the</strong>r Moes and his<br />

building committee, is <strong>the</strong> fact that, although <strong>the</strong> church cost almost<br />

$80,000, at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> its dedication <strong>the</strong> debt was less than $10,000.<br />

After completing <strong>the</strong> church, Fa<strong>the</strong>r Moes directed his attention to<br />

<strong>the</strong> betterment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> school, Avhich had become inadequate to <strong>the</strong> needs<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> large enrollment <strong>of</strong> children. Therefore, in 1887, at a cost <strong>of</strong><br />

about $5,000, he erected ano<strong>the</strong>r building <strong>of</strong> stone, fronting on Decatur<br />

Street, in <strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old church, and had it fitted up Avith <strong>the</strong> latest<br />

school appliances. The old church AVIIS put in good repair and used for<br />

Aveekly services until 1893.<br />

Failing health forced Fa<strong>the</strong>r Moes to resign in October, 1888. His<br />

grand work AVIIS done, and he felt in need <strong>of</strong> rest. He returned to his<br />

native Luxemburg, in November, 1888, Avhere he died full <strong>of</strong> years and<br />

merit November 26, 1900. He Avas succeeded by <strong>the</strong> Rev. J. Heidegger,<br />

AVIIO made a number <strong>of</strong> improvements, including a boiler house <strong>of</strong> stone,<br />

for <strong>the</strong> heating plant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church. It cost $4,000. The present pastoral<br />

residence, a beautiful stone structure, fronting on Central Avenue,<br />

commenced in 1891, AVIIS almost completed at <strong>the</strong> time he left St. Mary's<br />

in March, 1893. The Rev. S. Rebholz Avas appointed his successor in <strong>the</strong><br />

folloAving month. He finished <strong>the</strong> interior <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> residence at once. Exclusive<br />

<strong>of</strong> its furnishings, it cost about $12,000 and is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best<br />

appointed parish houses in <strong>the</strong> diocese; it is <strong>the</strong> fitting annex <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

adjacent church. During <strong>the</strong> same year tAVo additional altars AA'ere<br />

placed in <strong>the</strong> sanctuary, making a total <strong>of</strong> five, all <strong>of</strong> Avhich were united<br />

by ornamental fretAvork, leading to a Gothic superstructure on <strong>the</strong> main<br />

altar. This Avas surmounted by an artistic crucifixion group, all combined<br />

giving <strong>the</strong> sanctuary a harmonious effect.<br />

It is due to Fa<strong>the</strong>r Widmann, who became pastor in April, 1901, to<br />

Vol. 1-18

274 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

say that his energetic efforts have completed <strong>the</strong> last great undertaking<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parish in <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> large school building <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong><br />

cornerstone AVIIS laid April 25, 190!), and <strong>the</strong> building dedicated in 1910<br />

at a cost <strong>of</strong> $1<strong>20</strong>,000. It is a handsome stone structure 92 feet Avide by<br />

132 feet long Avith three stories and a basement. It has fifteen class<br />

rooms, an auditorium seating nearly a thousand, and a basement meeting<br />

room for social purposes. It will remain for generations as a monument<br />

to <strong>the</strong> pastorate <strong>of</strong> Fa<strong>the</strong>r Widinann.<br />

ST. MARY'S CHURCH OK VERMILLION<br />

Vermillion is a pretty village, with a fairly good harbor, on Lake<br />

Erie, about tAventy-five miles from Sandusky. Catholics began to settle<br />

<strong>the</strong>re about 1856. They were visited by <strong>the</strong> pastors <strong>of</strong> Elyria, from 1857<br />

to 1871, <strong>the</strong> Rev. M. Healy being <strong>the</strong> first priest to minister to <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

spiritual Avants. Mass was said on Aveck days, in private houses, until<br />

<strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present frame church (28 by 50 feet), in 1802 by<br />

<strong>the</strong> Rev. R. A. Sidley, who had bought tAvo lots on Exchange Street, for<br />

a church site, in 1861. Enclosed, <strong>the</strong> church cost about $600, but for<br />

lack <strong>of</strong> meajis its interior could not <strong>the</strong>n he finished, and it AVIIS used in<br />

that condition—with a dry goods box for an altar, and rough benches<br />

for peAvs. In 1865, <strong>the</strong> Rev. L. Molon raised a subscription and with <strong>the</strong><br />

proceeds paid for'S<strong>the</strong> plastering and furnishing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church. lie also<br />

bought and paid for a lot next to <strong>the</strong> church property, to serve as a site<br />

for <strong>the</strong> future parish house. In March, 1871, <strong>the</strong> Rev. J. Rouchy AVIIS<br />

appointed <strong>the</strong> first resident priest, and shortly after built <strong>the</strong> present<br />

pastoral residence, also a frame structure. In August, 1875, Vermillion<br />

was made a mission <strong>of</strong> North Amherst, and <strong>the</strong>nce attended monthly<br />

until May, 1878, Avhen <strong>the</strong> Rev. F. X. Xunan was appointed resident<br />

pastor. His stay ended in .March, 1879: Since <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> following<br />

priests succeeded him: The Revs. J. Cullen, from April, 1879, to July,<br />

1882; M. S. Smith to October, 1889; J. C. Kennedy to December, 1889;<br />

I. J. Wonderly to January, 1893; J. J. PoAvers to November, 1893, <strong>the</strong>n<br />

came <strong>the</strong> Rev. X. W. Ilorst.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> pastorate <strong>of</strong> Fa<strong>the</strong>r Wonderly <strong>the</strong> church AVIIS entirely<br />

renovated, and supplied with some beautiful statuary—all donated.<br />

Fa<strong>the</strong>r Ilorst had <strong>the</strong> church re-ro<strong>of</strong>ed and painted, <strong>the</strong> pastoral residence<br />

repaired, and <strong>the</strong> church lots inclosed Avith an iron fence.<br />

Capt. C. Young deserves recognition as a special benefactor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

church, having at all times contributed most generously tOAvards its support.<br />

ST. ANTHONY'S CHURCH OF MILAN<br />

The Catholics at Milan Avere identified with St. Peter's parish. Xorwalk,<br />

five miles distant, until 1862. The Rev. F. X. Oberinuller. pastor<br />

<strong>of</strong> that parish, <strong>the</strong>n visited <strong>the</strong>m at regular intervals, until October, 1865,<br />

and for a short time said mass in houses. He bought a lot on Avhich

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 275<br />

stood an old frame house; this he changed into a temporary place <strong>of</strong> worship.<br />

The present church, a frame structure, 40 by 70 feet, was built in<br />

1866. Bishop Rappe dedicated it to St. Anthony <strong>of</strong> Padua, on November<br />

16, 1866. The church fronts on. Main Street and cost about $6,000. In<br />

<strong>the</strong> same, year ano<strong>the</strong>r lot, with a frame house on it, which fronted on<br />

Center Street, AVIIS bought for $800. This served as <strong>the</strong> pastoral residence<br />

.until <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present handsome frame building, in<br />

1875, by <strong>the</strong> Rev. J. P Putz; it cost nearly $2,<strong>20</strong>0. The present school,<br />

also a frame structure, was built in 1872, at a cost <strong>of</strong> $1,<strong>20</strong>0. It has<br />

ahvays been in charge <strong>of</strong> lay teachers.<br />

On NCAV Year's Day, 1891, shortly after high mass, fire broke out in<br />

<strong>the</strong> church, and destroyed its interior; <strong>the</strong> damage, amounting to about<br />

$1,500, Avas nearly all covered by <strong>the</strong> insurance. The fire was caused<br />

by a defective flue. While <strong>the</strong> chinch was being repaired services Avere<br />

held in <strong>the</strong> schoolhouse. A pipe organ, costing $735, was placed in <strong>the</strong><br />

church in 1891; a beautiful set <strong>of</strong> stations and a complete set <strong>of</strong> vestments<br />

Avere bought at that time. Since <strong>the</strong>n many additional improvements<br />

and repairs have been made in <strong>the</strong> church, school, pastoral residence<br />

and cemetery. The parish is without debt and spiritually as well<br />

as financially, is in excellent condition.<br />

ST. PETER'S MISSION CHURCH OF HURON<br />

About 1836 Catholics began to settle at Huron, which was <strong>the</strong>n, as it<br />

is IIOAV, a port on Lake Erie. The Rev. Pt J. Machebeuf, pastor <strong>of</strong> Holy<br />

Angels Church, Sandusky, was <strong>the</strong> first priest to look after <strong>the</strong>ir spiritual<br />

Avants. Huron was attended from Sandusky as a station until 1875, when<br />

it was attached to and attended from Milan for three years, with <strong>the</strong><br />

Rev. J. P Putz in charge; he did much to revive <strong>the</strong> faith in that place.<br />

In May, 1878, it Avas assigned to Vermillion, whence it has been attended<br />

ever since. During all this long period mass was said in private houses,<br />

and for many years in <strong>the</strong> house <strong>of</strong> Daniel Duffy.<br />

It AVIIS not until <strong>the</strong> year 1889, during <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong> Rev. M. S. Smith<br />

had charge, that <strong>the</strong> long cherished hope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Catholics <strong>of</strong> Huron, to<br />

erect a church <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir own, Avas about to be realized. It AA'as <strong>the</strong>n that<br />

Fa<strong>the</strong>r Smith began to collect funds for that purpose. All <strong>the</strong> Catholics<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn and <strong>the</strong> non-Catholics, too, with feAV exceptions, contributed<br />

very generously. Thus encouraged,' Fa<strong>the</strong>r Smith had plans draAvn for<br />

a neat frame church, 40 by 70 feet, to be built on a lot fronting on Rensselaer<br />

Street, purchased in December, 1887, for $300. The building AA'as<br />

commenced early in October, 1889. but shortly after Fa<strong>the</strong>r Smith AVIIS<br />

transferred from Vermillion and Huron. From October to <strong>the</strong> folloAving<br />

January both places Ave re without, a priest. In January, 1890, <strong>the</strong> Rev.<br />

Ignatius J. Wonderly Avas appointed pastor <strong>of</strong> Vermillion, with charge<br />

<strong>of</strong> Huron also. He pushed <strong>the</strong> church to rapid completion, so that <strong>the</strong><br />

holy sacrifice AVIIS <strong>of</strong>fered in it for <strong>the</strong> first time on Pentecost Sunday,<br />

May 25, 1890. Its dedication took place a.feAv weeks later—on Sunday,

276<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

June 15, Bishop Gilmour performing <strong>the</strong> ceremony. The church cost<br />

about $3,000, exclusive <strong>of</strong> altars, pews; etc., and was fully paid for within<br />

one year after its dedication. The two bells now in use Avere bought<br />

in 1892 and blessed by Monsignor B<strong>of</strong>f, V. G., on August 8 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same<br />

year.

CHAPTER XX<br />

THE BANKS AND BANKERS OF SANDUSKY<br />

Tradition—AA'e have no record—says that <strong>the</strong> first attempt at <strong>the</strong><br />

founding <strong>of</strong> a banking house in Sandusky Avas made by some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

prominent business men and capitalists <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn in <strong>the</strong> year 1834;<br />

and <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> that effort AVIIS <strong>the</strong> establishment, under <strong>the</strong> laAVS <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

state <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. As Avas provided by hnv, <strong>the</strong> subscription<br />

books were diily opened by <strong>the</strong> commissioners, and <strong>the</strong> day fixed<br />

upon Avhich <strong>the</strong> books Avould be closed. At <strong>the</strong> time designated it was<br />

found that less than one-third <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stock had been subscribed, and it<br />

became absolutely necessary that "something be done," and that at<br />

once. In this extremity, Oran Follett, Avho was already a subscriber<br />

for a considerable amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stock, came to <strong>the</strong> rescue and agreed<br />

to take <strong>the</strong> balance at par value, amounting to something over $70,000.<br />

He kneAV, or felt satisfied at least, that <strong>the</strong> stock could be easily disposed<br />

<strong>of</strong> to NCAV York capitalists, and did make a sale <strong>of</strong> such part <strong>of</strong> it as he<br />

could not conveniently carry. This timely act on his part made possible<br />

<strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bank. A board <strong>of</strong> directors Avas chosen and a<br />

full complement <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers, William ToAvnsend, <strong>the</strong>n a leading merchant<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> toAvn, being chosen president. The banking house Avas located on<br />

Water Street, on <strong>the</strong> ground IIOAV covered by <strong>the</strong> West House.<br />

Mr. ToAvnsend remained president for tAvo years, when he Avas succeeded<br />

by Mr. Follett, under Avhose management <strong>the</strong> institution prospered<br />

for several years, and until Congress passed <strong>the</strong> "Specie Act," by<br />

Avhich a radical change in <strong>the</strong> management AA'as necessitated. About this<br />

time, too, <strong>the</strong> eastern stockholders desired to sell <strong>the</strong>ir interests, and for<br />

<strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> purchasing, Mr. Follett made a journey to NCAV York<br />

State, only to find that Burr Iliggins had preceded him and bought <strong>the</strong><br />

stock. After this <strong>the</strong> bank Avas short-lived, and, putting it modestly,<br />

soon went into liquidation.<br />

Immediately following <strong>the</strong> dissolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, in<br />

January, 1846, ano<strong>the</strong>r Avas started, and knoAvn as Sandusky City Bank.<br />

In this a number <strong>of</strong> persons Avere interested Avho had held stock in <strong>the</strong><br />

old bank, but that institution lived'but little longer than its predecessor,<br />

although its ending Avas quite different. Its affairs AA'ere Avound up<br />

about 1854 or 1855.<br />

About <strong>the</strong> year 1850 <strong>the</strong> Union Bank opened for business, but shortly<br />

aftenvard passed into <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> Freeland T. Barney, Lester S. Hubbard<br />

and William D. Durbin, under <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Barney, Hubbard &<br />

Durbin. This firm managed <strong>the</strong> affairs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> institution with a good<br />

277

278 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

measure <strong>of</strong> success until <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> Mr. Durbin, in 1863, after Avhich<br />

<strong>the</strong> firm changed to Hubbard & Co., Lester S., Rollin B., Watson and<br />

Langdon Hubbard becoming proprietors and OAvners. This firm did<br />

a banking business for only a few months, Avhen, in January, 1864,<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir business AVIIS merged in <strong>the</strong> Second National Bank, a fur<strong>the</strong>r mention<br />

<strong>of</strong> which will hereafter be made.<br />

The Moss National Baiik was <strong>the</strong> junior, save one, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> banking<br />

houses <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, but it Avas <strong>the</strong> direct outgrowth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first national<br />

bank established in <strong>the</strong> city, and among <strong>the</strong> first <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States.<br />

Augustus II. Moss came from Oneida County, NeAV York, to Sandusky<br />

in <strong>the</strong> yewr 1837, and established a mercantile business on Water<br />

Street. He AVIIS thus engaged until <strong>the</strong> 8th day <strong>of</strong> June, 1850, Avhen he<br />

opened a banking business in <strong>the</strong> city, conducting it alone for three years.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 10th <strong>of</strong> June, 1853, Augustus II. Truman and Horace 0. Moss,<br />

under <strong>the</strong> firm name <strong>of</strong> Moss Bro<strong>the</strong>rs, succeeded to <strong>the</strong> business. They<br />

moved into <strong>the</strong> Moss Bank Building January 12, 1854. Under <strong>the</strong> careful<br />

and successful management <strong>of</strong> this firm <strong>the</strong> bank AVIIS conducted for<br />

a period <strong>of</strong> ten years, or until <strong>the</strong> passage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> National Banking Act<br />

<strong>of</strong> Congress.<br />

The firm had carefully noted <strong>the</strong> progress made by <strong>the</strong> advocates<br />

<strong>of</strong> this act; <strong>the</strong>y SIIAV <strong>the</strong> advantages <strong>of</strong> such a system, and being actuated<br />

by motives <strong>of</strong> patriotism, and a desire to support <strong>the</strong> general- Government<br />

in its endeavors to establish a uniform and safe banking, throughout<br />

<strong>the</strong> country, <strong>the</strong>refore immediately upon Hie final passage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hnv<br />

an application for a bank charter AVIIS filed with <strong>the</strong> proper <strong>of</strong>ficers at<br />

Washington; but, oAving to some defect in <strong>the</strong> certificate <strong>of</strong> authority,<br />

or charter granted by <strong>the</strong> department, a delay AVIIS experienced in <strong>the</strong><br />

premises, so that Avhen <strong>the</strong> charter AVIIS granted it AVIIS numbered sixteen,<br />

Avhereas, had <strong>the</strong> proceedings on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Government been in<br />

due and correct form <strong>the</strong> charter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First National Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky<br />

would haA'e been numbered "tAvo" in <strong>the</strong> stead <strong>of</strong> that it in fact<br />

received, and Avould have been preceded in organization only by <strong>the</strong><br />

First National Bank <strong>of</strong> Washington.<br />

The articles <strong>of</strong> association provided for <strong>the</strong> first board <strong>of</strong> directors<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First National Bank as MIOAVS: Augustus II. Moss, William<br />

S. Pierson, Homer GoodAvin, Wildman Mills, and Jay (Jsborn Moss.<br />

The capital stock <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bank was $100,000, divided' hito 1,000 shares.<br />

The first <strong>of</strong>ficers Avere as folloAvs: President, August II. Moss; vice<br />

president, William S. Pierson; cashier, Horace O. Moss; assistant<br />

cashier, Jay Osborn Moss. The bank AVIIS opened for <strong>the</strong> transaction<br />

<strong>of</strong> business on <strong>the</strong> 1st day <strong>of</strong> July, 1863. Under <strong>the</strong> efficient management<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se men <strong>the</strong> affairs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bank Avere conducted and continued in<br />

successful operation for <strong>the</strong> term <strong>of</strong> tAventy years; and that period <strong>of</strong><br />

its existence Avas perhaps remarkable for <strong>the</strong> fcAvness <strong>of</strong> radical changes,<br />

both in its directorate and immediate <strong>of</strong>ficers. Augustus II. Moss<br />

remained president and Horace O. Moss cashier throughout <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> charter. William S. Pierson continued vice president until <strong>the</strong><br />

time <strong>of</strong> his death, Avhen Jay O. Moss succeeded to <strong>the</strong> position.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 279<br />

Having lived to <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> its charter it became desirable to in a<br />

measure effect a reorganization for a fur<strong>the</strong>r continuance <strong>of</strong> business,<br />

but that <strong>the</strong> full honor and credit <strong>of</strong> its most excellent standing might<br />

be invardcd to those to Avhom it Avas due, a change in <strong>the</strong> corporate name<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> institution became necessary. To accomplish <strong>the</strong> end <strong>the</strong> First<br />

National Bank, as a body corporate, liquidated its business and passed<br />

out <strong>of</strong> existence, and on <strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>th day <strong>of</strong> October, 1883, <strong>the</strong> Moss National<br />

Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, with a capital stock <strong>of</strong> $150,000, took its place. The<br />

directors Avere Homer GoodAvin, James Woohvorth, John T. Johnson,<br />

Augustus II. Moss and Jay O. Moss. Augustus II. Moss Avas elected<br />

president and Jay 0. Moss vice president. Charles IT. Moss Avas appointed<br />

cashier and Augustus C. Moss actuary.<br />

The Second National Bankuvas incorporated November 1 24, 1863,<br />

with an authorized capital stock <strong>of</strong> $100,000, in shares <strong>of</strong> $100 each.<br />

This institution had its origin in <strong>the</strong> banking house <strong>of</strong> Barney, Hubbard<br />

& Durbin, Avhich Avas iii turn succeeded by <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Hubbard & Company,<br />

also private bankers, to Avhose business reference has been made.<br />

The latter firm AVIIS in business from May, 1863, until January, 1864,<br />

when <strong>the</strong> Second National Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky opened its doors for business.<br />

The first board <strong>of</strong> directors Avas composed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> folloAving persons:<br />

Rollin If JHubbard, Lester S. Hubbard, Watson Hubbard, William<br />

T. West, Ilalsey C. Post, Lester II. Latham, James II. Stead, Chris.<br />

C. Keech and William A. Simpson. The first <strong>of</strong>ficers were Lester S.<br />

Hubbard, president, and Andrew W. Prout, cashier.<br />

Lester S. Hubbard continued as president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bank until <strong>the</strong> time<br />

<strong>of</strong> his death, July 12, 1875, Avhen he Avas succeeded by Rollin B. Hubbard.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> term <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bank's charter had expired it AA'as reneAved and<br />

business continued' Avithout interruption and with little or no material<br />

change in management.<br />

The Third National Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Avas an institution founded<br />

and opened for <strong>the</strong> transaction <strong>of</strong> a general banking business on <strong>the</strong><br />

10th <strong>of</strong> October, 1872. It cannot be said to haA'e been <strong>the</strong> outgroAvth <strong>of</strong><br />

any former similar business, but ra<strong>the</strong>r an original enterprise, necessitated<br />

by <strong>the</strong> growing manufacturing and mercantile business <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city<br />

and vicinity.<br />

The first board <strong>of</strong> directors comprised <strong>the</strong> following persons: Peter<br />

Gilcher, Jacob Engles, Henry J. Donahoe, Philip Graefe, Christian F.<br />

Sehoepfle, George J. Anderson and LaAvrence Cable. The last named,<br />

Mr. Cable, 'Avas elected- president; Jacob Engles, vice president, and<br />

George J: Anderson, cashier. The capital stock <strong>of</strong> t§fe bank Avas $100,000.<br />

Upon one occasion during <strong>the</strong> pashiership <strong>of</strong> George J. Anderson this<br />

bank AVIIS <strong>the</strong> victim <strong>of</strong> a forged draft to <strong>the</strong> extent <strong>of</strong> $2,500, but through<br />

<strong>the</strong> prompt action <strong>of</strong> Mr. Cable, <strong>the</strong> president, <strong>the</strong> forger Avas overtaken<br />

just as he Avas about to leave <strong>the</strong> city and compelled to deliver up his<br />

ill-gotten gains. His story AVIIS so exceedingly plausible, and his protestations<br />

<strong>of</strong> innocence so well feigned that <strong>the</strong> president did not seek to<br />

arrest and detain him, but ra<strong>the</strong>r to recover <strong>the</strong> cash. Subsequent events,

280 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

however, clearly proved that <strong>the</strong> person was an expert criminal, and not a<br />

'' minister <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gospel," as he had proclaimed himself.<br />

The Citizens National Bank was incorporated on <strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>th <strong>of</strong> February,<br />

1884. The first board <strong>of</strong> directors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Citizens Bank comprised George<br />

A. Marsh, Homer Goodwin, Truman B. Taylor, Albert E. MerriH, William<br />

Schade, Philip Graefe, George Feick, Gustavus Graham and Joseph Kronthal.<br />

The <strong>of</strong>ficers were: President, A. E. Merrill; vice president, Gustavus<br />

Graham; cashier, Henry Graefe. The original capital stock <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

concern was authorized at $300,000. Within <strong>the</strong> last few years it has<br />

remodeled and beautified its building and IIOAV has one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />

modern buildings in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio. It is now an Ohio corporation, as<br />

The Citizens Banking Company, Avith Henry Graefe, president; William<br />

Graefe, vice president; Charles II. Zimmerman, cashier; C. J. Strobel,<br />

assistant cashier, and William Schoenamann, second assistant cashier.<br />

The Sandusky Savings Bank Company began business in <strong>the</strong> year 1888<br />

Avith a capital stock <strong>of</strong> $50,000. Its place <strong>of</strong> business AA'as in <strong>the</strong> room on<br />

Washington Square noAV occupied by <strong>the</strong> Savings & Loan Company. Its<br />

president Avas George Barney; vice president, AndreAv Zerbe; F. L. Felch,<br />

cashier, and George Barney, AndreAv Zerbe, I. T. Davis, D. L. C. Ransom,<br />

C. H. RockAvell, Fred Ohlemacher, John Mackey and F. L. Felch, directors.<br />

The bank went down in <strong>the</strong> panic <strong>of</strong> 1893, paying its depositors,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> loss falling on <strong>the</strong> stockholders.<br />

The American Banking & Trust Company began business in 1900 in<br />

<strong>the</strong> room in <strong>the</strong> Kingsbury Block noAV occupied by Montgomery's jeAvelry<br />

store. It now occupies <strong>the</strong> building at <strong>the</strong> northwest corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus<br />

Avenue and Market Street recently vacated by The Third National Exchange<br />

Bank. Its president is John Giedeman; vice presidents, Jacob A.<br />

Biehl and F. F. Lehman; cashier, IT. W. Parsons, and assistant cashier,<br />

A. H. Biehl. It has done a thriving business since its organization.<br />

The Commercial National Bank opened its doors on <strong>the</strong> nortlnvest<br />

corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and Market Street on August 3, 1903. It<br />

is <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> .combination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Moss National Bank and Second<br />

National Bank. Its president is Mozart Gallup; vice president, Gustavus<br />

Graham; cashier, William L. Allendorf; assistant cashier, Paul II. SproAv.<br />

It has a capital stock <strong>of</strong> $150,000,and a surplus <strong>of</strong> $100,000.<br />

On May 1, 1913, <strong>the</strong> Third National Exchange Bank <strong>of</strong> Sandusky,<br />

Ohio, removed from its home at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and<br />

Market Street, Avhich it had occupied during its entire history, to its<br />

ne\v building on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Market Street, Avhere it is at present.<br />

The bank has ahvays commanded <strong>the</strong> confidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> business community<br />

and in its new home has increased its business and taken a<br />

stronger hold. Its president is F. P. Zollinger; vice president, C. F.<br />

Schoepfle; cashier, John Quinn; assistant cashiers, William F. Zimmerman<br />

and E. B. Gangware.

GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL<br />

By Miss Mary Melville<br />

CHAPTER XXI<br />

HOSPITALS<br />

Thirty-nine years ago, on <strong>the</strong> 26th <strong>of</strong> June, at half past (i in <strong>the</strong><br />

evening, <strong>the</strong> cornerstone <strong>of</strong> Good Samaritan Hospital AVIIS laid. The idea<br />

<strong>of</strong> founding a hospital in Sandusky originated in <strong>the</strong> mind <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rev.<br />

William Wilberforce Fair, at that time rector <strong>of</strong> Grace Church. His<br />

vestry warmly supported <strong>the</strong> idea, and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, Mr. C. C. Keech,<br />

gave about an acre <strong>of</strong> ground on <strong>the</strong> south end <strong>of</strong> Fulton Street, on<br />

Lewis Street, for <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building.<br />

From <strong>the</strong> outset <strong>the</strong> hospital was to be truly catholic—universal—<br />

in its activities and benefactions. No particular religious body or civic<br />

organization Avas to control it, but everyone was appealed to, to aid this<br />

noble work <strong>of</strong> charity, Avhich was <strong>the</strong>n though not so well understood as<br />

it is now, an ever increasing necessity in our community. The title <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> land given Avas held in trust by Peter Gilcher and J. 0. Moss. The<br />

personnel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first board <strong>of</strong> managers was James Woolworth and Peter<br />

Gilcher for three years; C. C. Keech and George J. Anderson for tAvo<br />

years, and J. 0. Moss and Charles II. Moss for one year, Avith <strong>the</strong> rector,<br />

W. W. Farr, chairman. This board determined upon a plan for <strong>the</strong><br />

hospital Avhich embraced a central building 36 by 38 feet, two stories high,<br />

over a basement and connected Avith <strong>the</strong> two Avards on ei<strong>the</strong>r side by a<br />

small building <strong>20</strong> by 24 feet, one story in height over a basement. This<br />

building was to contain a heating room in <strong>the</strong> basement and bath rooms<br />

on <strong>the</strong> main floor. The Avards Avere to be in a building 32 by 100 feet Avide<br />

Avith a commodious sitting-room 16 to 30 feet at <strong>the</strong> south end and over a<br />

laundry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same size in <strong>the</strong> basement. The Avards proper Avere to<br />

be 30 by 50 feet and designed for <strong>the</strong> accommodation <strong>of</strong> sixteen patients<br />

each. There Avas also to be tAvo rooms 14 by 16 feet for pay patients<br />

attached to each ward, besides <strong>the</strong> rooms for <strong>the</strong> nurses. The basement<br />

under <strong>the</strong> north end <strong>of</strong> each Avard building Avas to contain <strong>the</strong> kitchen,<br />

store-room and cellar for <strong>the</strong> ward above. The design contemplated<br />

separating male and female patients, having a ward for each sex. The<br />

foundation was laid, at first, for <strong>the</strong> eastern ward.<br />

On this evening in June nearly forty years ago, <strong>the</strong> papers <strong>of</strong> that<br />

date tell us, <strong>the</strong> laying <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cornerstone <strong>of</strong> this hospital attracted a<br />

large concourse <strong>of</strong> people, many from <strong>the</strong> laboring classes particularly,<br />

281

282 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

and great interest AA'as shown. Reverend Mr. Farr, Reverend Mr. Lehrer,<br />

Reverend Mr. Coleman, Reverend Mr. Sturgiss, Reverend Fa<strong>the</strong>r Marks<br />

<strong>of</strong> Huron, Mr. U. T. Curran and Doctor Massey took part in <strong>the</strong> exercises,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> Great Western Band, even as Ackley's band does IIOAV, gaA'c <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

services gratuitously, furnishing excellent and appropriate music. The<br />

clergy, 1o a man, urged <strong>the</strong> need <strong>of</strong> a hospital in Sandusky and enumerated<br />

<strong>the</strong> benefits which would accrue from establishing such an institution,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Reverend Mr. Lehrer's address being in German. Mr. Curran<br />

spoke <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> invakened interest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people in <strong>the</strong> project and AA'as loud<br />

in his praise <strong>of</strong> those fa<strong>the</strong>ring <strong>the</strong> enterprise. Doctor Massey gave an<br />

interesting account <strong>of</strong> hospitals in large cities and <strong>the</strong>ir conduct, even<br />

tracing <strong>the</strong> Avork <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European houses <strong>of</strong> healing from <strong>the</strong>ir founding<br />

in <strong>the</strong> sixth century. In America <strong>the</strong> first hospital came into being fifty<br />

years ago. The placing in <strong>the</strong> cornerstone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tin box by Mr. Farr,<br />

with its list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national, state and municipal <strong>of</strong>fice-holders, <strong>the</strong> copies<br />

GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL, SANDUSKY<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daily papers, and hospital documents, AVIIS folloAved by prayer and<br />

<strong>the</strong> benediction, Avhich closed <strong>the</strong> services. In response to a call <strong>of</strong> all<br />

those interested in <strong>the</strong> new hospital, forty ladies assembled, some fourteen<br />

months after <strong>the</strong> laying <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cornerstone, and named an executive<br />

committee, to devise ways and means to establish a free pharmacy at <strong>the</strong><br />

hospital, and also to aid in completing <strong>the</strong> building. This committee<br />

included Mrs. John R. Miner. Mrs. John Zollinger, Mrs. W. A. Simpson,<br />

Mrs. R. M. Wilcox, Mrs. J. Krontlial, Mrs. Sophia Xorris, Mrs. John L.<br />

Moore and Mrs. Cornelia ('lemons. TAVO physicians <strong>of</strong> each school had<br />

signified <strong>the</strong>ir Avillingness to attend, free <strong>of</strong> charge, to <strong>the</strong> compounding<br />

<strong>of</strong> medicines and prescriptions in <strong>the</strong> proposed free pharmacy, tAvo<br />

evenings <strong>of</strong> each week. Later, one person, presumably Mr. Keech. gave<br />

<strong>the</strong> whole amount, $150, to establish <strong>the</strong> dispensary. The ladies comprising<br />

<strong>the</strong> Hospital Aid Society immediately determined upon raising<br />

$1,000 by forming a Century Club, each member <strong>of</strong> which was to<br />

give $10, and <strong>the</strong> club to number 100 members. As soon as that Avas<br />

accomplished, <strong>the</strong>y planned a house-to-house canvass <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, to accept

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 283<br />

amounts from 5 cents to $50 to be used by <strong>the</strong> building committee.<br />

People Avere- invited to come and examine <strong>the</strong> progress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hospital<br />

building, being assured that Mr. Levi Till, AVIIO Avas in charge, would<br />

welcome all comers, show <strong>the</strong>m about, and exhibit <strong>the</strong> plans. To add<br />

to <strong>the</strong> sums already available, <strong>the</strong>re AA'ere given innumerable entertainments,<br />

balls, concerts, bazaars, etc., all done in <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> sweet charity.<br />

Ten years after <strong>the</strong> laying <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cornerstone, <strong>the</strong> hospital Avas formally<br />

opened for patients. Ten years <strong>of</strong> storm and stress, <strong>of</strong> labor and selfsacrifice,<br />

for at that time <strong>the</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong> such an institution was a<br />

/stupendous problem. Many an appeal AA'as sent out to <strong>the</strong> people, and<br />

many a response came back to those in charge. Mr. Keech tells <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

cheer aroused by certain gifts <strong>of</strong> money, mentioning <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> $26.67<br />

sent by a German society, Mr. Henry Rudolph, chairman, and $87.79<br />

from <strong>the</strong> centennial committee, July 4, 1876, not so much in <strong>the</strong> amounts<br />

<strong>the</strong>mselves as in <strong>the</strong> spirit manifested. He said, "It-shows that Ave have<br />

a charity in our city that all classes and all denominations should aid.<br />

The idea that Grace Church Avants all <strong>the</strong> glory iii building Good<br />

Samaritan Hospital should be done iiAvay Avith at once and forever. The<br />

very best, and most self-sacrificing AA'ork that has been done for <strong>the</strong><br />

hospital, has been done by some German ladies AVIIO never go near Grace<br />

Church. The hospital when done Avill be open to <strong>the</strong> sick <strong>of</strong> all nationalities,<br />

creeds and color, <strong>the</strong> only condition being, is he or she sick and<br />

without a comfortable home and <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> good care?" He<br />

fur<strong>the</strong>r urged that one Sunday eA'ery year be set aside to be knoAvn as<br />

"Hospital Sunday." On that day a special collection be taken up in<br />

eA'ery church in toAvn for <strong>the</strong> hospital, and should <strong>the</strong>re be more than<br />

one, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> total amount be equally divided between <strong>the</strong>m. There is<br />

still an opportunity for <strong>the</strong> establishment in Sandusky <strong>of</strong> "Hospital<br />

Sunday." After <strong>the</strong> hospital Avas opened, <strong>the</strong> Hospital Guild, <strong>the</strong> successor<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Hospital Aid Society took an active part in <strong>the</strong> daily management<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hospital in conjunction Avith <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> managers. But<br />

forty years ago <strong>the</strong>re AA'ere tAvo reasons Avhy a hospital Avas but a partial<br />

success. One, that going <strong>the</strong>re was closely akin to becoming an inmate<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> infirmary, and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, that hospitals were intended wholely<br />

and solely to ease <strong>the</strong> last hours <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dying, and that being taken <strong>the</strong>re<br />

AVIIS but <strong>the</strong> prelude to a Avell-conducted funeral, if by chance <strong>the</strong> Avceping<br />

relatives received <strong>the</strong> body. For, origin unknoAvn, a ghastly tradition<br />

gained credence in some minds, that <strong>the</strong> bodies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead Avere<br />

transmuted into medicine after <strong>the</strong> manner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hapless canine into<br />

sausage. Hospitals <strong>of</strong> that day Avere limited in scope, besides having<br />

many popular prejudices to combat, so it was not surprising that in spite<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heroic efforts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> founders and supporters <strong>of</strong> Good Samaritan<br />

Hospital and though fairly Avell-conducted by an efficient matron, it Avas<br />

deemed advisable, after a short term <strong>of</strong> United States goA'ernmental<br />

control for marine patients, to close <strong>the</strong> institution after having been in<br />

active operation seventeen years. Seventeen years later through <strong>the</strong><br />

efforts <strong>of</strong> an intrepid leader, Dr. Carrie Chase Davis, backed by an<br />

equally intrepid aggregation <strong>of</strong> Avomen, Good Samaritan Hospital again

284 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

came into its own, and <strong>the</strong> hope and desire <strong>of</strong> every public-spirited,<br />

zealous worker on its board <strong>of</strong> managers is, that not only in seventeen but<br />

in seventy times seventeen years it may still be actively lending itself<br />

to <strong>the</strong> curing <strong>of</strong> bodily ills. While years ago people had almost to be<br />

bribed to go to one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se houses <strong>of</strong> healing, today <strong>the</strong> facilities and<br />

accommodations are woefully inadequate to take care <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ever increasing<br />

throng clamoring for admission, and at Good Samaritan Hospital<br />

<strong>the</strong> daily, hourly cry is "room—more room!" Sanduskians have come<br />

to believe that it is <strong>the</strong> best and only place Avhere certain bone-fractures,<br />

fevers, and diseases <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r kinds can be efficiently cared for. The<br />

operating-room Avith enameled Avails, perfect heating and lighting equipment,<br />

tiled floor, weights, pulleys, fracture beds, X-ray machines, equipment<br />

for sterilization <strong>of</strong> surgical instruments and dressings, etc., has<br />

every accessory at hand to fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> skill <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> physician, seconded by<br />

<strong>the</strong> competent care and assistance <strong>of</strong> his corps <strong>of</strong> trained nurses. This<br />

is especially true <strong>of</strong> Good Samaritan Hospital, Avhich graduates its class<br />

each year from its school for <strong>the</strong> training <strong>of</strong> nurses, <strong>the</strong> system taught<br />

being that used in <strong>the</strong> hospitals <strong>of</strong> NCAV York, Chicago, and Cleveland.<br />

Forty years ago a system <strong>of</strong> contribution AVIIS decided upon by Avhich<br />

clubs, individuals or forces <strong>of</strong> employes in shops, manufactories, or<br />

railroads, could control beds by paying a small sum each Avcek, pelcapita,<br />

entitling <strong>the</strong> victim <strong>of</strong> an accident or serious illness, <strong>the</strong> verybest<br />

medical care and attention Avithout charge except that stipulated.<br />

This need <strong>of</strong> a steady income is IIOAV even more pressing, and <strong>the</strong> same<br />

system <strong>of</strong> giving is extant. Any corporate body may control a bed under<br />

like conditions. While <strong>the</strong> regular income <strong>of</strong> Good Samaritan Hospital<br />

is derived from appropriations from <strong>the</strong> city, from pay and part-pay<br />

patients, donations and bequests arc gratefully received, carefully<br />

expended and scrupulously accounted for. Every possible purchase <strong>of</strong><br />

materials, in every department, is made in Sandusky, and Sandusky<br />

help is ahvays secured when needed. People <strong>of</strong> Sandusky have been<br />

more than generous in supporting <strong>the</strong> efforts <strong>of</strong> those in charge to make<br />

<strong>the</strong> hospital successful. More than one has been ready with <strong>the</strong> parabolic<br />

"oil, wine and two pence," but <strong>the</strong> need is a steadily groAving one, and<br />

<strong>the</strong>re is still room and to spare for those who so desire, "to go and do<br />

likewise.''<br />

' The present board*<strong>of</strong> managers is: Rev. Edmund G. Mapes. president<br />

ex <strong>of</strong>ficio; Rev. Tbeo. J. C. Stcllhorn, Mr. Mozart Gallup, Mr.<br />

Willard A. Bishop, Mr. Chas. R. Melville, Mr. EdAvard Lea Marsh, Maj.<br />

Geo. P. Barker.<br />

The advisory board <strong>of</strong> women is: Mrs. Martin Klenk, president;<br />

Mrs. James Sawyer, Mrs. E. Lea Marsh, Mrs. Merrit S. Wilcox, Mrs.<br />

Chas. Graefe, Mrs. Roy Williams, Mrs. A. Bear, Mrs. Carl E. Engels,<br />

Miss Elizabeth Graefe, Miss Claire Graefe, Mrs. George Feick, Mrs. F.<br />

W. Ohlemacher, Mrs. Carrie J. Wagner, Mrs. G. T. Lehrer, Dr. Emily<br />

Blakeslee.<br />

Honorary members—Dr. Carrie Chase Davis, Miss Minnie Emrich.

hj<br />

a o

286 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL<br />

As Providence Hospital has ahvays been in charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sisters <strong>of</strong><br />

Charity <strong>of</strong> St. Augustine, it seems proper to say a feAV words concerning<br />

that order. /<br />

The Order <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity <strong>of</strong> St. Augustine is one <strong>of</strong> Un-<br />

American Sisterhoods <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Catholic Church. The total enrollment <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>se sisterhoods SIIOAVS that from 50,000 to 60,000 Catholic Avomen devote<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir lives to religious Avork. These sisterhoods conduct about 700<br />

charities, 600 colleges and academies, about 3,000 schools, besides <strong>the</strong><br />

time devoted by <strong>the</strong> contemplative orders to purely deA'otional matters.<br />

There are several orders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity, <strong>the</strong> best knoAvn being<br />

<strong>the</strong> Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity <strong>of</strong> St. Vincent de Paul, Avhose members are<br />

distinguished by a peculiar Avhite head dress called <strong>the</strong> cornette, Avhich<br />

has been immortalized by <strong>the</strong> artist Seyoiore Thompson in his celebrated<br />

painting "An Innocent Victim," representing a sister <strong>of</strong> that order<br />

mortally wounded in caring for <strong>the</strong> wounded during a battle.<br />

The Order <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity <strong>of</strong> St. Augustine AA'as established<br />

by Bishop Rappe, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cleveland diocese, in 1851. The first superioress<br />

Avas Sister Ursula, knoAvn in <strong>the</strong> world as Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Bisenette, AVIIO had<br />

charge from 1851 to September, 1863. Before engaging in this work she<br />

lived in Sandusky, Ohio. There during <strong>the</strong> cholera, 1849-50, she collected<br />

a number <strong>of</strong> children, orphaned by that dread plague, and took care <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>m in a house at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Tiffin Avenue and Jefferson Street and<br />

which is now owned by Arthur Gallagher. This was <strong>the</strong> beginning in<br />

<strong>the</strong> diocese <strong>of</strong> Cleveland, <strong>of</strong> caring for orphans and <strong>the</strong> sick, it has also<br />

been <strong>the</strong> chosen work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> order. The original home <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sisters Avas<br />

knoAvn as St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, on Monroe Avenue, Cleveland,<br />

Ohio. In 1885, ten acres <strong>of</strong> land were purchased in Lakewood, Ohio, on<br />

which Bishop Gilmour authorized <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> a convent, in September,<br />

1890. It was completed in 1891, and toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> chapel Avas<br />

dedicated August 28, 1892.<br />

The term <strong>of</strong> probation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> order is five years, and at its completion<br />

<strong>the</strong> VOAVS <strong>of</strong> poverty, chastity and obedience are taken. During <strong>the</strong><br />

novitiate Hi:: novices are trained in nursing <strong>the</strong> sick, in <strong>the</strong> care <strong>of</strong><br />

children and houseAvork.<br />

The order has charge <strong>of</strong> three hospitals and three orphan asylums,<br />

and has about 135 members. About thirty sisters conduct St. Vincent's<br />

Charity Hospital, at Cleveland, Ohio, seven sisters are engaged at Mercy<br />

Hospital, Canton, Ohio, and ten sisters at Providence Hospital, Sandusky,<br />

Ohio.<br />

Thirty sisters have charge <strong>of</strong> St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, at Cleveland,<br />

Ohio, sixteen <strong>of</strong> St. Ann s Infant Asylum, in <strong>the</strong> same city, and<br />

fifteen <strong>of</strong> St. Louis' Orphan Asylum, at Louisville, Ohio.<br />

The history <strong>of</strong> Providence Hospital begins Avith a small hospital conducted<br />

until 1902. by <strong>the</strong> Visiting Nurses' Association, in a little brick<br />

house known as <strong>the</strong> Bhuner house on Columbus AA'enue, Sandusky, Ohio.<br />

Tn <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> that year <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> $400 Avas realized for this hospital,

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 287<br />

through a lecture given by Rev. Fa<strong>the</strong>r Woesman. When it was finally<br />

resolved to turn <strong>the</strong> hospital (Emergency Hospital as it AVIIS named)<br />

over to <strong>the</strong> Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity <strong>of</strong> St. Augustine, it was also voted to<br />

transfer to <strong>the</strong>m this $400, but this action was afterwards changed and<br />

<strong>the</strong> hospital never received <strong>the</strong> money. About this time Mr. LaAvrence<br />

Cable one <strong>of</strong> Sandusky's pioneer and most highly respected citizens,<br />

purchased <strong>the</strong> Keech Homestead and deeded it to <strong>the</strong> Rt. Rev. Bishop<br />

Ilorstmann, <strong>the</strong> deed reciting that <strong>the</strong> property Avas given for hospital<br />

purposes. Through <strong>the</strong> efforts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local clergy <strong>the</strong> Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity<br />

<strong>of</strong> St. Augustine were secured to take charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proposed hospital.<br />

On September 8, 1902, two sisters <strong>of</strong> this order (Sister M. George and<br />

Sister M. Adelaide) were sent to Sandusky to look after <strong>the</strong> repairing<br />

and remodeling <strong>of</strong> Providence Hospital, <strong>the</strong> name given to <strong>the</strong> neAV<br />

hospital. In October, 1902, Sister M. George was placed in charge <strong>of</strong><br />

Emergency Hospital, and remained <strong>the</strong>re until <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> Providence<br />

Hospital on April 5, 1904, which Avas under her charge as Sister Superior<br />

until January 1, 1911, when she was succeeded by Sister Eugene, who has<br />

been an able successor. »<br />

During <strong>the</strong> year 1909, an addition was built to <strong>the</strong> hospital, at an<br />

expense <strong>of</strong> $16,000, to provide accommodations for <strong>the</strong> nurses>^In 1910<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r addition was constructed at a cost <strong>of</strong> $3,000, to provide room<br />

for an elevator. Providence is now an up-to-date hospital, <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong><br />

citizens <strong>of</strong> Sandusky are justly proud.

By J. T. Haynes<br />

CHAPTER XXII<br />

THE OHIO SOLDIERS AND SAILORS HOME<br />

It AA-as in <strong>the</strong> year 1885 that Gen. R. B. Brown, <strong>of</strong> Zanesville, Avhile<br />

commander <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Ohio, Grand Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Republic,<br />

learned through his trips over <strong>the</strong> state that <strong>the</strong> county infirmaries Avere<br />

housing a large number <strong>of</strong> veterans <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Civil Avar. A complete investigation<br />

revealed <strong>the</strong> fact that at that time <strong>the</strong>re Avere close to 400 in<br />

<strong>the</strong>se county houses. This state <strong>of</strong> affairs Avas most distressing to General<br />

Brown, and he at once sought aid <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> governor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, Hon.<br />

Joseph B. Foraker, AVIIO, in 1886, soon after his inauguration into <strong>of</strong>fice,<br />

assured General BroAvn that he would do everything in his poAver to<br />

relieve this condition. Among <strong>the</strong> leaders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> G. A. R., a movement<br />

AVIIS at once started for <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> a State Soldiers Home. At<br />

this time <strong>the</strong>re Avere in <strong>the</strong> State Legislature tAvo ex-Civil Avar soldiers,<br />

Hon. J. J. Sullivan, <strong>of</strong> Holmes County, IIOAV <strong>of</strong> Cuyahoga, in <strong>the</strong> Senate;<br />

and Hon. .1. L. Cameron, <strong>of</strong> Union County, in <strong>the</strong> House. A bill to<br />

establish this home Avas entrusted to <strong>the</strong>se tAvo members <strong>of</strong> this Legislature,<br />

and by <strong>the</strong>m AVIIS introduced. The presentation <strong>of</strong> this bill met<br />

with such universal approval that on <strong>the</strong> 30th <strong>of</strong> January an act AVIIS<br />

passed to establish "The Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Home" for all<br />

honorably discharged soldiers and sailors AVIIO had served <strong>the</strong> United<br />

States Government in any <strong>of</strong> its Avars, and AVIIO are citizens <strong>of</strong> Ohio at <strong>the</strong><br />

time <strong>of</strong> making application for admission.<br />

GoA'crnor Foraker at once appointed a board <strong>of</strong> trustees <strong>of</strong> five members—T.<br />

F. Mack, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky: R. B. BroAvn, <strong>of</strong> Zanesville; Durbin<br />

Ward, <strong>of</strong> Lebanon: W. P Orr, <strong>of</strong> Piqua, and Thomas T. Dill, <strong>of</strong> Mansfield,<br />

receiving this honor. Before this board could meet for organization,<br />

Durbin Ward died, and Thomas B. Paxton, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, Avas<br />

appointed to till this vacancy. This beard organized as folloAvs: I. F.<br />

Mack, president, and R. B. BI-OAVII. .secretary. The first task for <strong>the</strong>se<br />

men AVIIS to determine where this institution should be located, and after<br />

touring <strong>the</strong> state in a private car <strong>of</strong> Jay 0. Moss, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, Erie<br />

County AVIIS selected as <strong>the</strong> most suitable place for <strong>the</strong> home. Tt Avas at a<br />

meeting <strong>of</strong> this board in July. 1886, that <strong>the</strong> selection <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Avas<br />

made, and in August <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year a tract <strong>of</strong> ninety acres, one mile<br />

south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corporate limits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, was selected as <strong>the</strong> site for <strong>the</strong><br />

institution. This land Avas given to <strong>the</strong> state by <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Sandusky,<br />

and in addition to this <strong>the</strong> city promised to construct a large stone seAver<br />

288-

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1

290 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

extending from <strong>the</strong> home grounds to <strong>the</strong> proper place at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

bay, to bring to <strong>the</strong> institution mains for Avater, gas and electricity, a<br />

switch from <strong>the</strong> Baltimore & Ohio Raihvay to <strong>the</strong> home grounds, and to<br />

construct tAvo avenues from <strong>the</strong> city to <strong>the</strong> home, each 100 feet wide. It<br />

should be stated here that <strong>the</strong> obligations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county<br />

and city have all been carried out to <strong>the</strong> smallest item.<br />

It was <strong>the</strong>n necessary that an architect and a landscape gardener<br />

be selected, and for <strong>the</strong>se positions Henry C. Lindsay, <strong>of</strong> Zanesville,<br />

and Herman Haerline, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, received <strong>the</strong> appointments. The<br />

original plans called for buildings sufficient to accommodate at least<br />

1,000 members, and all this required not only sufficient quarters for <strong>the</strong><br />

housing <strong>of</strong> this number, but in addition <strong>the</strong>re was a dining room and<br />

kitchen building, poAver house, laundry, bath house, hospital, chapel and<br />

administration building. All <strong>the</strong>se buildings are <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best Ohio limestone<br />

and sandstone, and from an architectural point <strong>of</strong> vieAV present a<br />

handsome appearance. These buildings are admirably designed, and<br />

are thoroughly built. The ground on which <strong>the</strong>se buildings stand lies<br />

betAveen fifty and fifty-five feet above <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake, and is <strong>the</strong><br />

highest point <strong>of</strong> land for miles around. The work on <strong>the</strong> buildings was<br />

begun in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1886. The dormitories for <strong>the</strong> members are designated<br />

by letter, <strong>the</strong> last one in <strong>the</strong> alphabetical line being Cottage "O."<br />

In addition to <strong>the</strong>se, several dormitories bear <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> a member <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> trustees, <strong>the</strong>se being Cottages Mack, Dill, Cameron and<br />

Cline. The stone hospital Avas early seen to be too small, and a large<br />

frame hospital <strong>of</strong> eight buildings, all connected by corridor, AVIIS built<br />

directly in front and attached to <strong>the</strong> old hospital building and annex,<br />

thus making it all one large plant with a capacity <strong>of</strong> more than 300 beds.<br />

In connection Avith this building is <strong>the</strong> nurses' home, a house Avith<br />

modern accommodations for thirty Avomen nurses. This building, too,<br />

is hitched onto <strong>the</strong> hospital plant, and is a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scheme.<br />

The home has a beautiful broAvn stone library building, which contains<br />

on its first floor a large collection <strong>of</strong> Avell selected books and magazines,<br />

while in <strong>the</strong> library room are files <strong>of</strong> ncAvspapcrs from every<br />

county in <strong>the</strong> state. These papers are sent gratis to <strong>the</strong> home, and come<br />

every AA'eek, thus keeping each member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> institution in touch Avith<br />

just what is going on in his OAVII home county. On <strong>the</strong> second floor <strong>of</strong><br />

this building is <strong>the</strong> Grand Army Hall, Avhere all <strong>the</strong> military societies <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> home assemble.<br />

This home also has ano<strong>the</strong>r imposing limestone building, known as<br />

<strong>the</strong> Assembly Hall. It contains a tastefully furnished auditorium seating<br />

betAveen 600 and 700; is an imposing house with a red tile ro<strong>of</strong>, and is<br />

mainly devoted to <strong>the</strong> holding <strong>of</strong> religious services, campfires and <strong>the</strong><br />

presentation <strong>of</strong> plays and o<strong>the</strong>r entertainments for <strong>the</strong> amusement <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> members.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grounds is a rbAV <strong>of</strong> residences, knoAvn<br />

as Officers' ROAV, and here reside <strong>the</strong> adjutant, <strong>the</strong> chief clerk, <strong>the</strong><br />

chaplain, <strong>the</strong> engineer, <strong>the</strong> inspector and <strong>the</strong> chef. The commandant,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> matron, his wife, reside in <strong>the</strong> administration building, <strong>the</strong> sur-

\ \g<br />

SOLDIERS MONUMENT

292 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

geon and his staff residing in quarters in <strong>the</strong> hospital building. In addition<br />

to <strong>the</strong> eighteen buildings for dormitories, <strong>the</strong>re are <strong>the</strong> library,<br />

power house, bath house, laundry, post<strong>of</strong>fice, store house, guard house,<br />

conservatory, nurses' home, hospital (ten buildings), assembly hall,<br />

morgue, interurban station and barn, making in all forty-one buildings<br />

now on <strong>the</strong> grounds.<br />

The present <strong>of</strong>ficials are Gen. W. R. Burnett, commandant, and his<br />

wife, Mary Burnett, matron; Capt. B. F. Atkinson, adjutant; Capt.<br />

Charles Lawrence, chief clerk; Capt. F. G. Mitchell, chaplain; Maj. C. A.<br />

Reeser, inspector; Maj. J. T. Haynes, surgeon; Capt. C. W. Metz, first<br />

assistant surgeon; Capt. G. F. Thompson, second assistant surgeon;<br />

Anna Archer, superintendent <strong>of</strong> nurses; Col. A. A. Pomeroy, hospital<br />

treasurer; John G. Horning, engineer.<br />

The home was opened on <strong>the</strong> 19th <strong>of</strong> November, 1888, and from that<br />

time up to <strong>the</strong> present many changes have taken place. Gen. R. B.<br />

Brown, <strong>of</strong> Zanesville, is <strong>the</strong> only surviving member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original board<br />

<strong>of</strong> trustees. Gen. Manning F. Force, <strong>the</strong> first commandant, died in 1889,<br />

and was buried in Spring Grove Cemetery, <strong>Cincinnati</strong>. Geii. A. M.<br />

Anderson, <strong>the</strong> second commandant, died in 1901, his body resting in <strong>the</strong><br />

cemetery at Delaware. Gen. Thomas McAnderson, <strong>the</strong> third commandant,<br />

resigned in 1904 and moved to Seattle, Washington, Avhere he<br />

still lives. Gen. J. W. R. Cline, <strong>the</strong> fourth commandant, resigned in<br />

1909 and warfFBack to his native city, Springfield. Gen. W. R. Burnett,<br />

<strong>the</strong> presenxcommandant, has been in command since 1909. Prior to his<br />

appointment to his present position, <strong>the</strong> general Avas for many years<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foremost public men in his own city, and spent his entire lifetime<br />

in Springfield; was ahvays conspicuous in <strong>the</strong> politics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city.<br />

He is a Jacksonian democrat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old type. He Avas elected mayor <strong>of</strong><br />

Springfield three times, and served for years on <strong>the</strong> important public<br />

boards <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town.<br />

This home has cared for an army <strong>of</strong> ex-soldiers since its opening,<br />

which now has covered a space <strong>of</strong> more than tAventy-six years. Soldiers<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian wars, <strong>the</strong> Mexican war, <strong>the</strong> Civil Avar and <strong>the</strong> Spanish-<br />

American war here mingle toge<strong>the</strong>r and enjoy <strong>the</strong> blessings and comforts<br />

that this good state and nation provide for all <strong>the</strong>se Avorthy men.<br />

Nine thousand veterans, young and old, have been admitted to <strong>the</strong> open<br />

doors <strong>of</strong> this good home. Of this large number, 2,900 have gone to <strong>the</strong><br />

eternal camping ground. At least one-half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead are shipped aAvay<br />

to <strong>the</strong>ir old family burying ground. The cemetery here at <strong>the</strong> home<br />

shows that 1,365 Civil war soldiers, 47 Spanish-American soldiers, 8<br />

Mexican war soldiers and 1 Indian Avar soldier have been buried on <strong>the</strong>se<br />

grounds.<br />

The hospital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> home is <strong>the</strong> busy place <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> institution, and<br />

as <strong>the</strong> members grow older and more feeble this Avork will be correspondingly<br />

increased. Everything that can be done for <strong>the</strong> sick and<br />

afflicted <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> home is given <strong>the</strong>m at this hospital. All <strong>the</strong> eye, ear, nose<br />

and throat work, <strong>the</strong> surgical work and <strong>the</strong> medical attention is here eonducted.<br />

Of late years <strong>the</strong>re has been an arrangement with <strong>the</strong> manage-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 293<br />

ment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national homes whereby <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> this home suffering<br />

from any serious eye trouble, such as cataract, etc., can be admitted to<br />

<strong>the</strong> hospital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dayton home for operation and treatment, as this<br />

home employs an experienced oculist to take care <strong>of</strong> this work.<br />

It might be interesting to know that <strong>the</strong> daily routine in <strong>the</strong> hospital<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Home embodies regular visits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

surgeons at least once each day, and that <strong>the</strong>re were in <strong>the</strong> hospital <strong>the</strong><br />

past winter 300 bed patients at one time. The records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hospital<br />

fur<strong>the</strong>r show that since <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> this home more than 7,000 members<br />

have been cared for in this building.<br />

A great many have wondered Avhat <strong>the</strong>se buildings Avill be used for<br />

after <strong>the</strong> soldiers are gone. That cannot be answered, for <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

institution as a soldiers home will not be in evidence for some years<br />

to come. The ages among <strong>the</strong> Civil war veterans at <strong>the</strong> present time<br />

range from sixty-five to ninety-five. These grizzled old heroes are just<br />

a remnant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most loyal army <strong>of</strong> soldiers that ever struggled for <strong>the</strong><br />

possession <strong>of</strong> a great and vital principle, and with this army <strong>of</strong> General<br />

Grant, <strong>the</strong> struggle finally resolved itself, through mortal combat, into<br />

one titanic effort for freedom. The nation and state have not forgotten<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir soldiers, as is evidenced in <strong>the</strong> many splendid institutions erected<br />

and'maintained solely for <strong>the</strong>ir comfort in afflicted and declining days.<br />

Millions <strong>of</strong> dollars have been given to <strong>the</strong> veterans <strong>of</strong> war in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong><br />

pensions, but this amount, large as it may seem to some, is lost to sight<br />

when <strong>the</strong> thousands <strong>of</strong> young lives, snuffed out on <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> battle or<br />

sapped in <strong>the</strong> prison pens are brought to view. Thousands <strong>of</strong> wives were<br />

thus robbed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir husbands, countless numbers <strong>of</strong> children were left<br />

destitute, and sorrow and mourning was no stranger to any home. All<br />

praise to <strong>the</strong> loyal people <strong>of</strong> fair Columbia for <strong>the</strong> manner in Avhich <strong>the</strong><br />

ante bellum pledges have been redeemed and indelibly stamped upon<br />

<strong>the</strong> pages <strong>of</strong> her history. She will always have <strong>the</strong> respect <strong>of</strong> her children,<br />

and in <strong>the</strong> moment <strong>of</strong> her trials, <strong>the</strong>ir strong arms and hearts will<br />

be ever ready to support and defend. To <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> this land let <strong>the</strong><br />

motto ever be, "For what he was and all he dared, remember him today."

CHAPTER XXIII<br />

WOMAN'S WORK THROUGH ORGANIZATIONS<br />

All religious, social, beneficial and public work can be most successfully<br />

carried on, and <strong>the</strong> greatest efficiency accomplished by organization.<br />

The meeting <strong>of</strong> minds, <strong>the</strong> free expression <strong>of</strong> opinion and sentiment,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> diffusion <strong>of</strong> knoAvledge individually acquired is an educational<br />

advantage Avhich <strong>the</strong> busy Avoman can obtain in no o<strong>the</strong>r way.<br />

Few have <strong>the</strong> time to undertake <strong>the</strong> laborious task <strong>of</strong> delving into all<br />

<strong>the</strong> subjects Avhich should be understood, and Avith Avhich we should be<br />

familiar in order to get <strong>the</strong> best <strong>the</strong>re is in life. The primary object<br />

<strong>of</strong> all women's organizations, except those <strong>of</strong> purely beneficial character,<br />

is <strong>the</strong> intellectual development <strong>of</strong> its members, and <strong>the</strong> organizations<br />

that aim at <strong>the</strong> highest ideals and Avork unceasingly for <strong>the</strong>ir accomplishment<br />

Avill not only stimulate its members to a greater growth intellectually,<br />

but its influence for good will be felt throughout <strong>the</strong> community.<br />

Refinement, culture, a clearer insight and a closer touch with<br />

<strong>the</strong> great minds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> past and present, love <strong>of</strong> art and a better appreciation<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beautiful, are <strong>the</strong> inevitable consequences <strong>of</strong> such organizations.<br />

The life, character, thoughts and aims <strong>of</strong> each individual member<br />

in all such organizations are broadened.<br />

Women have not confined <strong>the</strong>ir organized Avork to <strong>the</strong>se purposes<br />

alone. Realizing <strong>the</strong> necessity for organized effort on behalf <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> poor<br />

and unfortunate, and appreciating <strong>the</strong> strength <strong>of</strong> organization, especially<br />

in work <strong>of</strong> a beneficial nature, many societies and clubs have been<br />

formed for this purpose.<br />

The Avomen <strong>of</strong> Sandusky AA'ere among <strong>the</strong> very first to fully appreciate<br />

<strong>the</strong> advantages <strong>of</strong> organization. They have been leaders in this<br />

movement.<br />

In 1876 some ladies <strong>of</strong> our city organized a reading circle Avhich Avas<br />

in existence many years and Avas <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong> great pleasure and pr<strong>of</strong>it<br />

to its members.<br />

In 1881 <strong>the</strong> Congregational Reading Circle Avas organized, having for<br />

its object <strong>the</strong> intellectual and social culture <strong>of</strong> its members. This is<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oldest literary clubs in Ohio. Through all <strong>the</strong> intervening<br />

years it has kept up active Avork and is still one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most influential<br />

clubs in this city.<br />

In February, 1899, a meeting Avas called in <strong>the</strong> assembly room <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> courthouse to take steps toAvard forming <strong>the</strong> Avomen's organizations<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city into a federation. The presidents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various clubs Avere<br />

appointed to draw up a constitution for such an organization. Later in<br />

294

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 295<br />

<strong>the</strong> same month a constitution wifls adopted. The object <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> federation<br />

is to bring into communication <strong>the</strong> various organizations <strong>of</strong> women for<br />

united effort along lines <strong>of</strong> general interest and improvement, and for<br />

<strong>the</strong> betterment <strong>of</strong> existing conditions <strong>of</strong> our city. In fur<strong>the</strong>rance <strong>of</strong> its<br />

object and purposes it has given its support to many measures, both <strong>of</strong><br />

state and local importance.<br />

Fallowing is a list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> federated clubs, all doing a splendid work<br />

along <strong>the</strong>ir respective lines: The Monday Literary Club, <strong>the</strong> Study<br />

Club <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian Church, <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Fortnightly Club, <strong>the</strong><br />

Catholic Woman's Study Club, <strong>the</strong> Nineteenth Century Club, <strong>the</strong> Coterie,<br />

<strong>the</strong> TAventieth Century Club, Woman's Christian Temperance Union,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Art Study Club, Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution, Santa<br />

Clara Auxiliary No. 9, United Spanish War Veterans, Department <strong>of</strong><br />

Ohio, <strong>the</strong> Civic Club, Woman's Relief Corps, St. Anthony's Aid Society,<br />

Modern Priscilla Club, <strong>the</strong> German Ladies' SeAving Society, Circle <strong>of</strong><br />

'Mercy, <strong>the</strong> Grange.<br />

THE WOMEN'S BUILDING AND REST ROOM ASSOCIATION<br />

By Mrs. Alic& K. Hertlein<br />

The most interesting and successful Avork done by an organization <strong>of</strong><br />

AA'omen in Sandusky has been <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> a.rest room. For<br />

some time <strong>the</strong> need had been felt <strong>of</strong> a place downtOAvn where women,<br />

especially shoppers from out. <strong>of</strong> tOAvn and Avomen in business through<br />

<strong>the</strong> day, might have a clean, comfortable and quiet place to rest, to meet<br />

appointincnts and to secure a Avholesome lunch. An attractive location<br />

where a sitting roonv, lunch room and toilet room might be established<br />

Avas <strong>the</strong> first problem to claim attention.<br />

The plan to equip such a place originated in <strong>the</strong> Civic Clubf The<br />

first thing to be considered Avas <strong>the</strong> securing <strong>of</strong> desirable quarters. A<br />

committee for this purpose Avas appointed. Their appeals to <strong>the</strong> county<br />

commissioners and to <strong>the</strong> city council for a room in <strong>the</strong> courthouse or<br />

city hall Avere not favorably received. At length, hoAvever, a Avoman<br />

Avhose interest had been aroused by <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>the</strong> second and<br />

third floors <strong>of</strong> her building in <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city for <strong>the</strong> nominal<br />

rental <strong>of</strong> $10 per month.<br />

The rooms required complete overhauling before <strong>the</strong>y could be made<br />

available. The problem <strong>of</strong> raising money to equip <strong>the</strong> quarters and to<br />

defray running expenses AVIIS next to be met. Various plans AA'ere discussed.<br />

Finally <strong>the</strong> president proposed that a Avoman's edition <strong>of</strong> a<br />

daily paper be issued. The proposition was approved by <strong>the</strong> club. The<br />

president and a committee from <strong>the</strong> Civic Club noAV set forth to enlist<br />

<strong>the</strong> help <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avomen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city and county generally in getting out<br />

<strong>the</strong> edition. Response to this appeal AA'as hearty from every' quarter.<br />

The copy for a 24-page paper Avas furnished entirely by <strong>the</strong> Avomen and<br />

coA'crcd a Avide range <strong>of</strong> AA'omen's interests. Within four AA'eeks one edition<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Women's Endeavor Avas published and $1,059 AA'as realized<br />

from <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> copies and <strong>the</strong> adA'ertising at 10 cents a copy.

296 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The thirty women on <strong>the</strong> editorial staff were divided into three committees,<br />

viz.:' The business committee," who negotiated with <strong>the</strong> newspapers<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city for terms, entered into contract with <strong>the</strong> lowest bidder,<br />

edited <strong>the</strong> paper and transacted ah business connected with <strong>the</strong> printing;<br />

<strong>the</strong> advertising committee, who solicited advertisements; <strong>the</strong> circulating<br />

committee, who received subscriptions and sold <strong>the</strong> issue.<br />

The president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Civic Club now appointed seven women to work<br />

with her as a board <strong>of</strong> managers. After <strong>the</strong> expenses <strong>of</strong> printing <strong>the</strong><br />

paper were paid, <strong>the</strong> funds proA'ed sufficient, with <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> a<br />

lew voluntary contributions, to repair and furnish a comfortable rest<br />

room, to install a sanitary toilet and to equip simply a lunch room<br />

and a small kitchen.<br />

The board <strong>the</strong>n engaged a matron. At first tea, c<strong>of</strong>fee, milk and<br />

sandwiches were daintily served for a small charge. Demands Avere<br />

soon made for a greater variety <strong>of</strong> menu, so that in three months <strong>the</strong><br />

matron and her assistants served soup, meat, vegetables, salads and<br />

desserts. These home-prepared meals became so popular that it Avas<br />

<strong>of</strong>ten necessary to turn people aAvay.<br />

A room on <strong>the</strong> third floor AA'as <strong>the</strong>n remodeled and equipped for<br />

classes in dressmaking, millinery, cookery, arts and crafts, embroidery,<br />

crocheting, etc. In <strong>the</strong>se classes work AVIIS planned and finished under<br />

trained supervision. A small tuition helped defray expenses, so that<br />

instruction in various branches Avas available in day or evening classes<br />

by any Avoman or girl at a nominal cost.<br />

The work progressed steadily for about four years. Meanwhile <strong>the</strong><br />

title <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> property changed, and could not be re-leased, so that it became<br />

necessary to seek new quarters. A desire to own a building with<br />

dining room space on <strong>the</strong> first floor had long been in <strong>the</strong> minds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest room board and o<strong>the</strong>rs interested in <strong>the</strong> cause. In<br />

order to bring this about a larger and permanent organization was<br />

required.<br />

A note was sent to <strong>the</strong> Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution, inviting<br />

<strong>the</strong>m to co-operate with <strong>the</strong> Rest Room Board in <strong>the</strong> industrial department.<br />

The request was met with a hearty response. A committee was<br />

sent to assist in <strong>the</strong> work. To help financially, a colonial ball was given<br />

on <strong>the</strong> night <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wedding anniversary <strong>of</strong> George and Martha Washington.<br />

Later <strong>the</strong> City Federation <strong>of</strong> Women's Clubs assisted by donating<br />

a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir funds, giving a picture show and appointing a committee<br />

to help in <strong>the</strong> work.<br />

On January 22, 1912, a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various committees was called<br />

to consider ways and means for an association. A permanent home for<br />

<strong>the</strong> work Avas discussed, resulting in appointing a committee on association<br />

and one to investigate prices and a suitable location for an available<br />

site.<br />

An association- not for pr<strong>of</strong>it, whose object shall be <strong>the</strong> social, educational<br />

and general welfare <strong>of</strong> women, was incorporated under <strong>the</strong> laws<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state. Seventeen regulations govern <strong>the</strong> corporation. A board <strong>of</strong><br />

fifteen women are elected as trustees annually by <strong>the</strong> active members <strong>of</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 297<br />

<strong>the</strong> association. Any woman over eighteen years <strong>of</strong> age may become<br />

an active member by paying an annual fee <strong>of</strong> 50 cents. Any person may<br />

become an associate member by paying $1 annually.<br />

At a public meeting held in March <strong>the</strong> building committee reported<br />

that <strong>the</strong> Mackey property, on Columbus Avenue, could be bought for<br />

$9,950. The building was inspected and found, if remodeled, to be well<br />

adapted for <strong>the</strong> purpose for which it was to be utilized.<br />

The first election <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers was held in August. The ways and means<br />

committee reported that it had raised enough money from contributions,<br />

to Avhich <strong>the</strong> public in general responded generously, picture shows, lawn<br />

fetes, and <strong>the</strong> help <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rest Room Board, to encourage <strong>the</strong> purchase <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> property. On August 30th <strong>the</strong> Mackey building was bought and<br />

$5,000 was paid on <strong>the</strong> purchase price. The board <strong>of</strong> trustees <strong>the</strong>n borroAved<br />

$6,500 to cover <strong>the</strong> remaining cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building and <strong>the</strong> necessary<br />

improvements.<br />

By receipts from a bazaar, a dance, an illustrated lecture on Mexico,<br />

entertainment by jubilee singers and donations coming in, <strong>the</strong> association<br />

AA'as helped much in its early history. There is an old adage which<br />

runs, "Those Avho help quickly help doubly." The adage proved true in<br />

this case. Two merchants' label contests Avere entered and a piano and<br />

a sectional bookcase containing three sets <strong>of</strong> books by good authors<br />

were won.<br />

The association established a memorial gift roll in which gifts in<br />

loving memory <strong>of</strong> persons AATIO have passed away may be properly entered.<br />

TAVO names have been placed upon this roll: Mrs. George B.<br />

Perkins' gift in memory <strong>of</strong> her grandmo<strong>the</strong>r, Mrs. Oran Follett, and<br />

Mr. Charles B. LockAvood's gift in memory <strong>of</strong> his wife, Marion Pierce<br />

Lockwood.<br />

From <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>the</strong> Rest Room Board <strong>of</strong> Managers and Trustees<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Women's Building and Rest Room Association have given <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

services free. The establishment has ahvays been self-supporting. The<br />

first annual report, dated May 16, 1908, showed a cash balance <strong>of</strong> $468.<br />

Besides paying $525 on <strong>the</strong> debt, <strong>the</strong> last annual report, dated January<br />

12,1915, showed a cash balance <strong>of</strong> $257.66. The first year nearly 17,000<br />

lunches were served, last year nearly 74,000. The first year nearly 2,000<br />

persons visited <strong>the</strong> rest room. Last year <strong>the</strong> number was too great to<br />

count.<br />

Revenues for expenses and paying <strong>the</strong> debt are obtained from <strong>the</strong><br />

receipts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dining room, renting <strong>the</strong> rest room and third floor for<br />

meetings <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r organizations,.tuition and membership fees, checking<br />

parcels, sale <strong>of</strong> articles in rest room and donations from those who contributed<br />

and are desirous <strong>of</strong> making payments covering a period <strong>of</strong> years.<br />

May 16,1908, <strong>the</strong> rest room was formally opened to <strong>the</strong> public. Five<br />

years one month and one day later <strong>the</strong> Women's Building and Rest Room<br />

Association had a similar opening. Both <strong>the</strong>se affairs were attended by<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> public-spirited citizens.<br />

Previous to June 17, 1913, <strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> women's<br />

building, <strong>the</strong> Rest Room Board <strong>of</strong> Managers turned over all its money

298 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

and equipment to <strong>the</strong> Women's Building and Rest Room Association.<br />

Thus an enterprise started without means has, through <strong>the</strong> efforts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Civic Club and <strong>the</strong> response <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> women <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town, developed into a<br />

self-supporting institution <strong>of</strong> permanent and far-reaching good to <strong>the</strong><br />

community.<br />

NATIONAL SOCIETY DAUGHTERS OP.THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION<br />

By Mrs. John T. Mack<br />

Martha Pitkin Chapter, Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution, Avas<br />

organized in Sandusky, Ohio, April 29, 1897, by Mrs. Jay Osborne Moss,<br />

with fourteen charter members. It was chartered in <strong>the</strong> national society<br />

June 15, 1897, <strong>the</strong> chapter number being 338.<br />

The objects <strong>of</strong> this society, as stated in its constitution, are to perpetuate<br />

<strong>the</strong> memory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spirit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men and Avomen who achieved<br />

American independence by <strong>the</strong> acquisition and protection <strong>of</strong> historic<br />

spots and <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> monuments; by <strong>the</strong> encouragement <strong>of</strong> historical<br />

research in relation to <strong>the</strong> Revolution and <strong>the</strong> publication <strong>of</strong>^its results;<br />

by <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> documents and relics and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

individual services <strong>of</strong> Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by <strong>the</strong><br />

promotion <strong>of</strong> celebrations <strong>of</strong> all patriotic anniversaries.<br />

To carry out <strong>the</strong> injunction <strong>of</strong> Washington in his fareAA'ell address<br />

to <strong>the</strong> American people, "to promote as an object <strong>of</strong> primary importance<br />

institutions for <strong>the</strong> general diffusion <strong>of</strong> knoAvledge," thus developing<br />

an enlightened public opinion, and affording to young and old such advantages<br />

as shall develop in <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> largest capacity for performing<br />

<strong>the</strong> duties <strong>of</strong> American citizens.<br />

To cherish, maintain and extend <strong>the</strong> institutions <strong>of</strong> American freedom,<br />

to foster true patriotism and love <strong>of</strong> country, and to aid in securing<br />

for mankind all <strong>the</strong> blessings <strong>of</strong> liberty.<br />

The charter members Avere Mrs. Fannie Griswold Boalt Moss, Mrs.<br />

Fannie E. GrisAVold Boalt, Mrs. Annette Fitch Brewer, Miss Mary Elizabeth<br />

Cooke, Mrs. Helen Hall Sloane, Mrs. Sarah Maria Carswell Cooke<br />

Sloane, Mrs. Spencer NeAvberry, Mrs. Sakie Emeline Prout Merz, Mrs.<br />

Alice R. McKelvey Melville-Milne, Mrs. Caroline Curtis Moss, Mrs.<br />

Mary Foote Mack, Mrs. Cora Mack Robinson, Mrs. Alice Davenport<br />

Mack, and Miss Frances Whittlesey CogSAvell.<br />

Mrs. Elroy M. Avery, <strong>of</strong> Cleveland, Avas <strong>the</strong> second state regent <strong>of</strong><br />

Ohio, and it was through her interest and under her instruction that <strong>the</strong><br />

Martha Pitkin Chapter Avas organized. Mrs. Jay Osborne Moss having<br />

been appointed organizing regent by <strong>the</strong> national board, a meeting was<br />

called at her home on Wayne Street and <strong>the</strong> folloAving <strong>of</strong>ficers Avere<br />

elected: Regent, Mrs. Jay Osborne Moss; vice regent, Mrs. Rush R.<br />

Sloane; historian, Mrs. Isaac F. Mack; registrar, Mrs. Curtis BreAA'er;<br />

secretary, Mrs. James E. Melville-Milne; treasurer, Miss Mary E. Cooke.<br />

The Avork <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chapter has been varied and one little realizes IIOAV<br />

much has been accomplished until <strong>the</strong>y search <strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> past<br />

eighteen years.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 299<br />

The committee on locating <strong>the</strong> graves <strong>of</strong> Revolutionary soldiers buried<br />

in Huron and Erie counties and also in verifying <strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se*<br />

soldiers has had a long and arduous task, but it has been one <strong>of</strong> pleasure<br />

and varied interest. Under Miss Harriet West's regency <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chapter<br />

seven <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se Revolutionary soldiers' graves were marked Avith bronze<br />

markers.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> patriotic education we have given largely to <strong>the</strong> school<br />

<strong>of</strong> emigrants, also to <strong>the</strong> mountain schools <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> South where many <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> children are descendants <strong>of</strong> Revolutionary soldiers. Martha Pitkin<br />

Chapter is now supporting a scholarship in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se schools. We<br />

have given largely and generously to <strong>the</strong> public library <strong>of</strong> this city for<br />

books on genealogy, and to <strong>the</strong> Ohio Alcove in <strong>the</strong> library in Manila for<br />

books for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States soldiers.<br />

Work along <strong>the</strong> lines <strong>of</strong> conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> home and welfare <strong>of</strong><br />

Avomen and children has been well maintained by this chapter.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> our patriotic Avorks is to prevent <strong>the</strong> desecration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American<br />

flag and to teach that proper respect be paid to it and to bring out<br />

<strong>the</strong> real meaning <strong>of</strong> citizenship and its responsibility.<br />

A series <strong>of</strong> papers have been Avritten by members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chapter<br />

during <strong>the</strong> past year on reminiscences, traditions and local history both<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city and county. These papers have been typeAvritten and are<br />

being compiled by <strong>the</strong> historian, Mrs. Roy H. Williams, and Avill be kept<br />

in book form.<br />

Ohio Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution have contributed<br />

$1.0,965.89 to <strong>the</strong> building <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beautiful Memorial Continental Hall in<br />

Washington and to <strong>the</strong> furnishing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio room in this hall. Martha<br />

Pitkin Chapter has contributed its full share. This organization for<br />

years supported a splendid chapter <strong>of</strong> Children <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Republic under<br />

<strong>the</strong> able direction <strong>of</strong> Mrs. T. M. Sloane.<br />

The thirteenth annual state conference Avas held in Sandusky, October<br />

25 and 26, 1911, by invitation <strong>of</strong> Martha Pitkin Chapter. Mrs. Frederick<br />

P. Zollinger, <strong>the</strong> regent, gave <strong>the</strong> address <strong>of</strong> Avelcome. Mrs. Thomas<br />

Kite, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, state vice regent, responded. A splendid program<br />

folloAved, giving a fine account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avork <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

American Revolution <strong>of</strong> this state. The chapter tendered a luncheon to<br />

all visiting Daughters, also a beautiful reception Avas given at <strong>the</strong> home<br />

<strong>of</strong> Mrs. Rush R. Sloane. A tea Avas ano<strong>the</strong>r feature tendered <strong>the</strong><br />

Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution by <strong>the</strong> Daughters <strong>of</strong> 1812 at <strong>the</strong><br />

home <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state president, Mrs. John T. Mack.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> Perry Centennial celebration <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chapter<br />

boarded <strong>the</strong> steamer Alcott, Avith o<strong>the</strong>r patriotic organizations, and with<br />

martial music and banners flying, sailed to <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay to escort<br />

<strong>the</strong> good ship Niagara, Avhich after a lapse <strong>of</strong> 100 years entered ourbay<br />

for <strong>the</strong> second time. Later in <strong>the</strong> day a beautiful loving cup AA'as presented<br />

<strong>the</strong> Niagara from <strong>the</strong> chapter by <strong>the</strong> regent, Mrs. John T. Mack.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> evening eleven automobiles trimmed in <strong>the</strong> national colors, filled<br />

with <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chapter, took part in <strong>the</strong> procession.<br />

A splendid loan exhibit Avas held during <strong>the</strong> Aveek <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Perry Cen-

300 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

tennial by <strong>the</strong> chapter, bringing toge<strong>the</strong>r relics not only <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong><br />

1812 but <strong>of</strong> earlier times.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> evening <strong>of</strong> February 14, 1915, <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chapter<br />

took part in a peace centennial service in Grace Episcopal Church, <strong>the</strong><br />

chapter flag being carried in <strong>the</strong> procession. President Pierce, <strong>of</strong> Kenyon<br />

College, gave a fine address on <strong>the</strong> 100 years <strong>of</strong> peace between Englishspeaking<br />

nations.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> one hundredth anniversary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ratification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> treaty <strong>of</strong><br />

Ghent betAveen Great Britain and <strong>the</strong> United States, twenty members<br />

<strong>of</strong> this chapter addressed <strong>the</strong> various Avard schools on this subject.<br />

Martha Pitkin Chapter will soon erect in <strong>the</strong> vestibule <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public<br />

library <strong>of</strong> this city a bronze tablet with <strong>the</strong> names <strong>the</strong>reon <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Revolutionary<br />

soldiers buried in Erie Countv.

SCIENCE LODGE No. 50, F. & A. M.<br />

CHAPTER XXIV<br />

SANDUSKY FRATERNALISM<br />

In June, 1818, when Sandusky was but a small village containing<br />

but a feAV hundred inhabitants, and <strong>the</strong> Indians in this part <strong>of</strong> Ohio<br />

outnumbered <strong>the</strong> whites, <strong>the</strong>re were among <strong>the</strong>se early settlers quite a<br />

number that were Masons. Among and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m were Hector Kilbourn,<br />

a surveyor, Dr. George Anderson, Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, Moors Farwell, John<br />

D. Wheeler, Ebenezer Ransom and o<strong>the</strong>rs having been made Masons<br />

before <strong>the</strong>y came to Sandusky, and being more or less imbued with a<br />

love and reverence for <strong>the</strong> order, and feeling that <strong>the</strong>y wanted a Masonic<br />

home wherein to ga<strong>the</strong>r in fraternal union, caused an application to be<br />

prepared and signed by <strong>the</strong> requisite number <strong>of</strong> Master Masons, and<br />

forwarded it to <strong>the</strong> G. M. <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Grand Lodge <strong>of</strong> Ohio, asking <strong>of</strong> him<br />

<strong>the</strong> authority to organize a subordinate lodge in Sandusky, and in<br />

July, 1818, Chester Griswold, <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>n M. W. grand master, granted<br />

<strong>the</strong> dispensation prayed for, and appointed Hector Kilbourn W. M.,<br />

and by order <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grand lodge held at Columbus, December, 1818,<br />

Science Lodge Avith o<strong>the</strong>rs was authorized to continue its labors under<br />

<strong>the</strong> dispensation until <strong>the</strong> next communication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grand lodge.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> session <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grand lodge held in Columbus December, 1819,<br />

Hector Kilbourn Avas its representative, and recorded as <strong>the</strong> master <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> lodge in <strong>the</strong> published proceedings <strong>of</strong> that year, which also show<br />

that <strong>the</strong> returns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lodge were not received in time to be acted upon<br />

before adjournment, Avhereby <strong>the</strong> lodge continued to work under <strong>the</strong> dispensation<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r year.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> session <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grand lodge held at Columbus, commencing<br />

December 11, 18<strong>20</strong>, <strong>the</strong> committees on charters and dispensations reported<br />

in favor <strong>of</strong> granting a charter, which report was accepted and<br />

charter granted, and was duly signed by John Snow, M. W. grand<br />

master, and Benjamin Gardner, gjand secretary. Bro<strong>the</strong>r Lyman Far-<br />

Avell Avas its representative to <strong>the</strong> grand lodge at <strong>the</strong> session <strong>of</strong> 18<strong>20</strong>.<br />

In December, 18<strong>20</strong>, <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> Science Lodge No. 50, F. &<br />

A. M., was perfected under its charter and entered upon its course as<br />

a full fledged lodge, and <strong>the</strong> following is a list <strong>of</strong> its first <strong>of</strong>ficers: W. M.,<br />

Hector Kilbourn; S. W., Samuel B. Carpenter; J. W., Henry Tuller;<br />

treasurer, Ebenezer Ransom; secretary, Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke; S. D., Ab.<br />

Toutelett; J. D., John D. Wheeler; tyler, Ely Thompson.<br />

301

302 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

PERSEVERANCE LODGE NO. 329, F. & A. M.<br />

Early in <strong>the</strong> year A. D. 1860 application Avas made to <strong>the</strong> grand"<br />

master <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Grand Lodge <strong>of</strong> Ohio by George S. Patterson, Andrew C.<br />

Fry, Alexander II. Black and o<strong>the</strong>rs for authority to organize ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />

subordinate lodge in Sandusky, and <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>n grand master, Horace B.<br />

Stoker, issued to <strong>the</strong>m a dispensation dated March 2, 1860, and he appointed<br />

as W. M., George S. Patterson; S. W., AndreAv C. Fry; J. W.,<br />

Alexander II. Black; and on <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>of</strong> March, 1860, under and by<br />

virtue <strong>of</strong> said dispensation <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> Perseverance Lodge No.<br />

329, F. & A. M., AVIIS perfected by selecting <strong>the</strong> folloAving named bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

to fill <strong>the</strong> folloAving <strong>of</strong>fices under <strong>the</strong> dispensation, viz.: Treasurer,<br />

Joseph LansdoAvn; secretary, W, G. Melville Milne; S. D., Neil IT.<br />

Moore; J. D., J. McComb; tyler, F. Charlleau, and adopting a code <strong>of</strong><br />

by-liiAvs, and said lodge continued to Avork under said dispensation until<br />

October 30, 1860, Avhen it Avas duly constituted, and <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers continued<br />

to December 25, 1860. When <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers for <strong>the</strong> year 1861 Avere<br />

duly installed at <strong>the</strong> regular annual session <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grand lodge held at<br />

Columbus in October, 1860, <strong>the</strong> granting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dispensation was approved<br />

and a charter was granted, and <strong>the</strong> by-laAvs previously prepared<br />

were presented and approved Avith <strong>the</strong> recommendation <strong>of</strong> a very few<br />

changes Avhich Avere accepted as amended, and <strong>the</strong> charter Avas duly<br />

issued <strong>of</strong> date <strong>of</strong> October 18, 1860, Avith <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> George S. Patterson,<br />

AndreAv D. Fry, A. IT. Black, George A. Gaylord, Joseph LansdoAvn,<br />

B. J. McComb, Horace Brooks, Niel II. Moore, and Hiram A. Arnold,<br />

appearing <strong>the</strong>rein as charter members, signed by Horace S. Stokes, M.<br />

W. G. M., and John D. Cahhvell, R. W. G., secretary, Avith <strong>the</strong> seal <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> grand lodge attached, and at <strong>the</strong> stated communication <strong>of</strong> said lodge<br />

held on <strong>the</strong> second Tuesday <strong>of</strong> December, 1860, a full set <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />

Avere elected for <strong>the</strong> year 1861.<br />

On June 24, 1889, <strong>the</strong> cornerstone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Masonic Temple Avas laid<br />

and Grand Secretary E. M. Colver read <strong>the</strong> folloAving list <strong>of</strong> articles<br />

placed in <strong>the</strong> casket and deposited in <strong>the</strong> cornerstone:<br />

Holy Bible, square, compasses and lambskin, proceedings <strong>of</strong> Grand<br />

Coinmandery K. T., proceedings <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r Masonic bodies Avith <strong>the</strong>ir constitutions<br />

and by-laAvs, names <strong>of</strong> board <strong>of</strong> directors <strong>of</strong> Temple Association,<br />

photograph <strong>of</strong> M. W. grand master, name <strong>of</strong> architect, name <strong>of</strong><br />

builders <strong>of</strong> temple, photograph <strong>of</strong> president <strong>of</strong> Temple Association, memorial<br />

and funeral services <strong>of</strong> Masonic lodges, calendars <strong>of</strong> Masonic<br />

bodies, address <strong>of</strong> Barton Smith, R. W., grand orator; pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> coins<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1889 from 1 cent to $1 inclusive, annual reports <strong>of</strong> city and schools,<br />

copies <strong>of</strong> Sandusky papers, copy <strong>of</strong> ancient manuscripts, English and<br />

German coins, Masonic record <strong>of</strong> grand master.<br />

KNIGHTS TEMPLAR<br />

The order <strong>of</strong> Knights Templar was reorganized in Europe in <strong>the</strong><br />

latter part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eleventh century, and was very popular among <strong>the</strong><br />

royalty, kings, princes and nobles—<strong>the</strong> rich and titled especially taking

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 303<br />

much <strong>of</strong> its symbolism from archaeology and claimed allegiance to <strong>the</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>r previously organized Masonic bodies or organizations.<br />

Its membership Avas composed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ruling classes, those high in<br />

authority, both spiritual and temporal. And for a time it seemed to be<br />

under <strong>the</strong> control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bishops and prelates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Church <strong>of</strong> Rome,<br />

yet its <strong>of</strong>fice Avas ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> a Avarlike nature than o<strong>the</strong>rwise, and <strong>the</strong><br />

Pope Avas one <strong>of</strong> its greatest patrons, and he used all his poAver to make<br />

<strong>the</strong> order subservient to his wishes, an instrument to streng<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong><br />

poAver <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church, and early in <strong>the</strong> tAvelfth century, at his dictation<br />

and under his supervision, a code <strong>of</strong> rules and regulations to govern <strong>the</strong><br />

order Avas duly promulgated.<br />

Though <strong>the</strong> Knights Templar flourished for a time and thousands <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> youth <strong>of</strong> Europe joined <strong>the</strong> order and marched victoriously to <strong>the</strong><br />

City <strong>of</strong> David, and those Avho survived returned with great pomp, yet<br />

Avhen <strong>the</strong> excitement Avas passed and <strong>the</strong> sound reasoning <strong>of</strong> men began<br />

to control <strong>the</strong>ir actions, and a careful research <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

order AVIIS made it Avas found that its rubrics wei-c too broad and expansive,<br />

too catholic in <strong>the</strong>ir nature to permit <strong>the</strong> rules and regulations<br />

formulated by <strong>the</strong> hierarchy to be accepted for <strong>the</strong> government or <strong>the</strong><br />

order. When this became knoAvn an effort Avas made to produce a compromise,<br />

but all propositions coming from that source Avere <strong>of</strong> such a<br />

nature that <strong>the</strong>y could not be accepted, and proved futile, and oppression<br />

produced a breach that has never healed, a chasm that never closed,<br />

a river that Avas never bridged over. f<br />

AVhen <strong>the</strong> heads <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> churches found that suasion and ordinary<br />

pressure Avould not bring <strong>the</strong> order under abject surveillance and meek<br />

obedience, a determination to rule or ruin Avas made manifest, <strong>the</strong> machinery<br />

AA'as put in operation for its destruction, <strong>the</strong> bulls <strong>of</strong> expulsion<br />

and excommunication AA'ere promulgated and SOAVII broadcast through<br />

<strong>the</strong> land, and so far as <strong>the</strong> Roman or Greek churches kneAv, it was<br />

crushed out through <strong>the</strong> ana<strong>the</strong>mas issued by <strong>the</strong> ruling spirits and<br />

poAver brought to bear upon <strong>the</strong> civil authorities. Yet it lived throughout<br />

<strong>the</strong> continent and Great Britain; it survived persecution through <strong>the</strong><br />

bigotry, ignorance, superstition and ostracism <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dark ages; like its<br />

confreres, it kept up <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> succession, and its good Avorks and moral<br />

teachings and precepts Avere perpetuated and brought doAvn through <strong>the</strong><br />

ages <strong>of</strong> men, a cherished heirloom to <strong>the</strong> present generation, and its<br />

history is <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brighest recorded upon <strong>the</strong> pages, to Avhich its folloAvers<br />

and patrons point Avith pride and veneration.<br />

Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early settlers <strong>of</strong>t Ohio Avere Knights Templar Masons<br />

Avhen <strong>the</strong>y came here, and early in <strong>the</strong> century subordinate commandcries<br />

Avere instituted, receiving authority as did <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r branches <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> order from <strong>the</strong> older states, and as <strong>the</strong>y increased in numbers <strong>the</strong>y<br />

began to think that it Avould be well to have a grand commandery in<br />

Ohio. Thereupon <strong>the</strong> proper application Avas filed Avith <strong>the</strong> proper<br />

authorities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Grand Commandery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States for authority<br />

to organize a grand commandery, and October 24, 1843, <strong>the</strong> Grand<br />

Commandery <strong>of</strong> Knights Templar <strong>of</strong> Ohio Avas duly organized at Lan-

304 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

caster, and Michael Z. Kreider, an eminent physician residing in Lancaster,<br />

was elected <strong>the</strong> first grand commander.<br />

ERIE COMMANDERY No. 23, KNIGHTS TEMPLAR<br />

In September, 1869, N. H. Moore, J. D. Lea, C. J. Parsons and o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

applied for and received a dispensation to organize a subordinate commandery<br />

<strong>of</strong> Knights Templar in this city, which Avas issued <strong>of</strong> date <strong>of</strong><br />

November 6, A. D. 1869, and N. II. Moore Avas elected <strong>the</strong> first commander<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie Commandery No. 23, Knights Templar, at Sandusky.<br />

That by authority from <strong>the</strong> grand commandery a charter was issued <strong>of</strong><br />

date <strong>of</strong> September 15, 1870, and <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> Neil H. Moore, James<br />

D. Lea, C. J. Parsons, E. S. Chester, J. D. Buck, C. H. Giddings, Isaac<br />

B. Massey, William Swanson, IT. E. O'Hagan, J. A. Hubingerm, F. W.<br />

Alvord, L. M. Lea, E. Hadley, IT. H. Eldis, A. J. Lyon, S. Marks, V.<br />

Scott, A. C. ToAvnsend and John R. Minor appear <strong>the</strong>rein as charter<br />

members, and it Avas signed by Herman Ely, R. E., grand commander,<br />

and John D. Cakhvell, grand recorder. The regular stated meetings <strong>of</strong><br />

Erie Commandery are held on <strong>the</strong> first and third Thursdays <strong>of</strong> each<br />

month.<br />

CAPITULAR MASONRY<br />

Sandusky City Chapter No. 72, Royal Arch Masons.—In <strong>the</strong> year<br />

1752, according to Companion Albert G. Mackey, <strong>the</strong> first grand lodge<br />

or chapter <strong>of</strong> Royal Arch Masons was organized in England. And<br />

from authority granted by it subordinate chapters Avere soon <strong>the</strong>reafter<br />

organized in <strong>the</strong> colonies. And <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first grand chapter<br />

in this country Avas perfected late in <strong>the</strong> seventeenth century.<br />

A grand chapter <strong>of</strong> Royal Arch Masons was organized in this state<br />

October, 1816, and Samuel Hoyt Avas chosen as <strong>the</strong> first grand high<br />

priest. In March, 1856, Foster M. Follett, AndreAv Lytle, 0. J. True<br />

and o<strong>the</strong>rs, Royal Arch Masons in this city, applied to <strong>the</strong> M. E. G. II. P.,<br />

Horace M. Stokes, for a dispensation to organize a chapter in this city.<br />

And a dispensation Avas granted <strong>of</strong> date <strong>of</strong> March 27, 1856, and he appointed<br />

Companions F. M. Follett, high priest; Andrew Lytle, king,<br />

and 0. J. True, secretary, under <strong>the</strong> dispensation. And very soon<br />

<strong>the</strong>reafter <strong>the</strong> organization Avas completed and continued under <strong>the</strong> dispensation<br />

until a charter Avas issued by order <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grand chapter held<br />

at. Zanesville in October, 1856, and it AVIIS issued <strong>of</strong> date <strong>of</strong> October 30,<br />

1856, and <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> Foster M. Follett, AndreAv Lytle, Orrin J. True,<br />

R. R. McMeens, A. Pcarsall, N. L. BroAvn, Casper J. Parsons, John<br />

McKinster, George Morton and F. Sharlleau appear <strong>the</strong>rein as charter<br />

members, and it was signed by Horace M. Stokes, G. II. P., and John<br />

D. CaldAvell, grand secretary, and <strong>the</strong>reupon <strong>the</strong> Sandusky City Chapter<br />

No. 72, Royal Arch Masons <strong>of</strong> this city, was fully organized and fully<br />

established under its charter. Its regular or stated meetings are held<br />

on <strong>the</strong> second and fourth Wednesdays in each month.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 305<br />

THE GRAND ARMY OP THE REPUBLIC<br />

This is a military order, numbering in its state membership over<br />

40,000 persons. The order has for its foundation stone <strong>the</strong> great principles<br />

<strong>of</strong> fraternity and charity. It is not, in <strong>the</strong> most strict sense <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> word, a secret organization, yet it has its unwritten work and rituals.<br />

McMeens Post was organized on <strong>the</strong> 18th <strong>of</strong> March, 1880, with <strong>the</strong><br />

following charter members: Elisha M. Colver, William A. Till, W. J.<br />

Affleck, Christian Henry, J. R. Booth, S. D. Cutliff, B. F. Church, John<br />

Heeter, Charles Groesch, Robert Kimball, George A. Free, William<br />

Nash, Henry Landan, Martin C. Cross, John S. Murthy, Henry Bernard,<br />

John Geiser, Joster F. Neill, T. M. Cook, James Duffy, Philip Cann<br />

and George R. Marvin.<br />

The McMeens Post takes its name from Dr. Robert R. McMeens,<br />

formerly surgeon <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, who died suddenly<br />

at Perrysville, Kentucky, while in <strong>the</strong> faithful discharge <strong>of</strong> his<br />

duties as medical director. On first entering <strong>the</strong> service he was made<br />

regimental surgeon, and by his gentlemanly deportment and undoubted<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>essional skill, AA'on for him <strong>the</strong> confidence and esteem <strong>of</strong> his bro<strong>the</strong>r<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers; and at <strong>the</strong>ir request he Avas appointed medical director. Up to<br />

<strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> his death, October 30, 1862, he continued in active service,<br />

filling many important positions in <strong>the</strong> medical department <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> army.<br />

In his death <strong>the</strong> army lost a kindhearted, faithful and efficient <strong>of</strong>ficer,<br />

<strong>the</strong> county a true patriot, and <strong>the</strong> medical pr<strong>of</strong>ession one <strong>of</strong> its brightest<br />

ornaments.<br />

KNIGHTS OP PYTHIAS<br />

This order is as strong, proportionately, as any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r similar<br />

organizations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, and its object is just as worthy and commendable.<br />

Friendship, charity and benevolence are <strong>the</strong> fundamental principles<br />

<strong>of</strong> Odd FelloAvship. The order is founded upon naught but <strong>the</strong><br />

purest and sincerest motives. Its aim is to alleviate <strong>the</strong> suffering <strong>of</strong> a<br />

bro<strong>the</strong>r, succor <strong>the</strong> unfortunate, zealously Avatch at <strong>the</strong> bedside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

sick, soo<strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong> pilloAV <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dying, perform <strong>the</strong> last sad rites at <strong>the</strong><br />

grave <strong>of</strong> a bro<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>of</strong>fering consolation to <strong>the</strong> afflicted, and caring, with<br />

a bro<strong>the</strong>r's love, for <strong>the</strong> widow and orphan.<br />

Bro<strong>the</strong>rly love and charity are <strong>the</strong> pillars on which it rests. Friendship<br />

and truth <strong>the</strong> bond and surety <strong>of</strong> its preservation.<br />

Western Reserve Lodge No. 128, K. <strong>of</strong> P., Avas instituted July 7,<br />

1881, <strong>the</strong> charter members being William Alstaetter, Charles Baetz, John<br />

F. Bredbeck, Henry Dehnel, Louis Duennisch, C. J. Gibaut, Henry<br />

Graefe, J. Greenfelder, Jr., T. J. Holzaepfel, J. M. Holzaepfel, Joseph<br />

Hower, Frank Kerber, Gust. Kirner, Fred Kranz, R. P. Krudwig, Charles<br />

Kubach, F. R. Lange, Charles Miller, Jr., H. Neumeyer, George Peters,<br />

W. E. Sloane, William C. Smith, E. L. Steuk, R. S. Tebbutt, I. J. P.<br />

Tessier, Charles L. Wagner, G. Zimmerman.<br />

Courtesy Lodge No. 252, K. <strong>of</strong> P., Avas instituted September 6, 1887,<br />

with fifty-nine charter members.<br />

Vol. 1—<strong>20</strong>

306 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Garfield Division No. 13, K. <strong>of</strong> P., was instituted March 30, 1882,<br />

with forty charter members.<br />

Endowment Rank Section No. 528, K. <strong>of</strong> P., Avas instituted November,<br />

1882, with fourteen charter members.<br />

OGONTZ LODGE No. 66, I. 0. 0. F.<br />

This lodge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> I. 0. 0. F. is <strong>the</strong> oldest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> order in Sandusky.<br />

It was instituted on <strong>the</strong> 24th <strong>of</strong> July, 1846, with <strong>the</strong> following charter<br />

members: John G. Camp, Jr., John W. Wi<strong>the</strong>rell, Theodore Hosmer,<br />

William V. Moss, Bryan Hawley, Lester S. Hubbard, Jacob A. Barker<br />

and C. J. Chadwick.<br />

From this number <strong>the</strong> charter <strong>of</strong>ficers were elected as follows: Noble<br />

grand, Bryan Hawley; vice grand, Lester S. Hubbard; secretary, John<br />

G. Camp, Jr.; treasurer, Theodore Hosmer; R. H. S., Charles Chadwick;<br />

L. II. S., Eli M. Narnum. Among <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> this lodge are<br />

found some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most substantial elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city's German population.<br />

They have a beautiful building on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Washington<br />

Row and Jackson in which <strong>the</strong>ir meetings are held.<br />

Sandusky Bay Lodge No. 179, Daughters <strong>of</strong> Rebekah, I. 0. 0. F.,<br />

was chartered May 21, 1886, with forty-eight members.<br />

Erie Encampment No. 27, I. O. O. F., was instituted on March 3,<br />

1848, with Bryan Hawley, Hiram K. Steele, John Tift, Abijah Ives,<br />

John W. Buckman, Thomas Johnson and Sumner P. Webber as its charter<br />

members. When first organized, and for some years subsequent to<br />

that time, Erie Encampment worked in German, but afterward a change<br />

was made, since which <strong>the</strong> Avork <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> order has been conducted in<br />

English.<br />

ORGANIZATIONS<br />

Business Girls Christian Association, Bessie Taylor, president; Ka<strong>the</strong>rine<br />

Wirth, vice president; Anna Nier, secretary; Minnie Barnett, treasurer.<br />

Catholic Order <strong>of</strong> Foresters. St. George's Court No. 238.<br />

St. Mary's Court. Jos. Buehrle, C. R.; Albert Etowski, R. S.; John<br />

Polta, F. S.; C. A. Mahon, treasurer.<br />

St. Thomas' Court No. 143. John Bing, C. R.; Edward Erney, R.<br />

S.; Aloysius Weber, F. S.; A. Royer, treasurer.<br />

Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution, Martha Pitkin Chapter.<br />

Mrs. John T. Mack, regent; Mrs. G. F. Anderson, vice regent; Mrs. E.<br />

Alstaetter, secretary; Miss Abbie Woohvorth, treasurer.<br />

Eagles, Sandusky Aerie No. 444, F. 0. E. Henry Hart, W. P.;<br />

Jacob Dietz, secretary; Jacob Leser, treasurer.<br />

Elks, Sandusky Lodge No. 285, B. P. 0. E. John A. Himmclein,<br />

E. R.; Geo. J. Foerzbach, secretary; John D. Mack, treasurer.<br />

The Erie County Agricultural Society. W. P. Scheid, president;<br />

F. IT. Zerbe, secretary; John Quinn, treasurer.<br />

Erie County Medical Association. Dr. Wm. Storey, Castalia, president<br />

; Dr. Henry Graefe, secretary-treasurer.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 307<br />

Foresters Court, Sandusky, No. 739, I. 0. F.<br />

Grand Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Republic, McMeens Post No. 19. E. D. Hawley,<br />

commander; Geo. W. Bender, quartermaster; Josh. E. Davis, chaplain.<br />

Knights <strong>of</strong> Columbus, Sandusky Council No. 546. Fred C. Printy,<br />

G. K.; B. T. Gagen, R. S.; Geo. F. Leingang, F. S.; 0. E. Kauffmann,<br />

treasurer.<br />

Knights and Ladies <strong>of</strong> Honor, Progress Lodge No. 1488. Carl Kautz,<br />

Prot.; Mrs. Theresa Barz, F. S.; John H. Gerold, treasurer.<br />

Knights <strong>of</strong> Pythias, Sandusky Lodge No. 128. Hayes M. Adams,<br />

C. C.; John Gerold, M. <strong>of</strong> E.; A. C. Close, K. <strong>of</strong> R. & S.; Henry Reutter,<br />

M. <strong>of</strong> F.<br />

Uniform Rank, Garfield Company No. 13. H. J. Close, captain;<br />

Robert Lang, recorder; Chas C. Fuchs, treasurer.<br />

Pythian Sisters, Zone Temple No. 86. Mrs. Louis Pitzer, M. E. C;<br />

Mrs. Wm. Wagner, M. <strong>of</strong> R.; Mrs. Bert Ward, F. K.<br />

Maccabees, Bay VieAv Tent No. 664. Mrs. Agnes Payne, commander;<br />

Mrs. Gertrude Bruno, R. K.; Mrs. Minnie Curtis, F. K.<br />

F. W. Stephens Tent No. 1293. Hayes Adams, commander; Chas.<br />

Linkenbaeh, F. K.<br />

Protection Tent No. 7. Jos. Andres, commander; Geo. C. Zimmerman,<br />

R. K.<br />

Reeves Hive No. 9, L. 0. T. M. Margaret Pfefferkorn, commander;<br />

Mrs. Margaret Coe, R. K.; Louisa Leecher, F. A.<br />

Sandusky City Hive No. 101, L. O. T. M. Mary Ohlemacher, L. C.;<br />

Anna Milne, R. K.; Bessie Wheeler, F. A.<br />

Moose, Sandusky Herd No. 471, L. 0. 0. M. Wm. E. Albers, dictator;<br />

R. S. Walsh, secretary; Chas. Rimelspacher, treasurer.<br />

Sandusky Chapter No. 17, Jr. O. O. M. Karl Kurtz, governor.<br />

Women's Circle No. 6. Mrs. Emma Van Hausen, W. M.; Mrs. Anna<br />

Gerlaeh, secretary; Mrs. Lillian Kline, treasurer.<br />

The Sandusky Ad Club. Frank Sehnaitter, president; Wm. H. Dilgart,<br />

vice president; C. G. Abbey, secretary-treasurer.<br />

The Federated Commercial Club.<br />

Sandusky BeneA'olent Association. F. H. Zerbe, president; John<br />

Beverick, secretary; John A. Giedeman, treasurer.<br />

Sandusky Federation <strong>of</strong> Women's Clubs. Mrs. A. J. Scheuer, president;<br />

Mrs. E. A. Boyer, secretary; Mrs. J. W. Harris, treasurer.<br />

Sandusky Retail Grocers and Butchers Association. Frank Wetzler,<br />

president: Frank Windisch, secretary; August Thiem, treasurer.<br />

Sandusky Trades and Labor Assembly. Jay C. Mason, president;<br />

Fred L. Butts, R. S.; John Mischler, F. S.; Chas. Thorn, treasurer.<br />

Spanish-American War Veterans, Santa Clara Camp, E. S. W. V.<br />

Chas. E. Stroud, commander; J. D. Lea, adjutant.<br />

Erambert Case Camp No. 77, U. S. W. V. Oliver V. Cook, commander;<br />

Oscar Oley, S. V.; Adam Horn, Jr., V.<br />

Santa Clara Auxiliary. Mrs. Sarah Doerzbach, president; Mrs. C.<br />

Klemm, secretary.

308<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

United Commercial Travelers, Sandusky Council No. 278. A. F.<br />

Biemiller.<br />

Women's Christian Temperance Union, Ensign Union. Mrs. Chas.<br />

Rockwell, president; Mrs. John Zook, secretary; Mrs. Chas. A. Resser,<br />

treasurer.<br />

Post Union. Mrs. A. F. Miller, president; Mrs. Es<strong>the</strong>r Deboe, secretary<br />

; Mrs. Wm. Meyers, treasurer.<br />

Women's Relief Corps, McMeens Corps. Mrs. Jennie Townsend,<br />

president; Mrs. F. H. Montgomery, secretary; Mrs. Henrietta Weis,<br />

treasurer. ,<br />

Woodmen, Hobson Camp No. 5649, M. W. <strong>of</strong> A.<br />

Golden Rod Camp No. 1282, R. N. <strong>of</strong> A. Mrs. Emma Grob, oracle;<br />

Mrs. Anna Abele, recorder; Mrs. Elizabeth Steffen, receiver.<br />

Lake Erie Camp No. 6313, R. N. <strong>of</strong> A. Mrs. Emma J. Lehr, oracle;<br />

Mrs. Matilda Vogel, recorder; Mrs. Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Spray, receiver.<br />

Sandusky Camp No. 54, W. 0. W. John Healy, C. C.; John Bechtel,<br />

clerk; W. J. Dingle, banker.<br />

Uniform Rank No. 34, W. 0. W.

CHAPTER XXV<br />

DOCTORS AND DENTISTS<br />

Dr. George Anderson Avas educated at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania<br />

under <strong>the</strong> instructions <strong>of</strong> Dr. Rush and came to Venice in 1817,<br />

before Sandusky was settled. In 1818 he came to this town which <strong>the</strong>n<br />

had only a half dozen families and boarded in <strong>the</strong> first frame house that<br />

AA'as built by W. B. Smith. His practice covered a large part <strong>of</strong> Erie<br />

and Ottawa counties. He was also a very active politician, and was one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first directors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River Railroad, and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seven<br />

voters Avho voted for Jackson when he Avas first elected. He was also a<br />

great friend <strong>of</strong> General Cass., Dr. Anderson died during <strong>the</strong> first cholera<br />

epidemic.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> May 7, 1825, contains an advertisement by Dr. A. H.<br />

Brown, who had his <strong>of</strong>fice at A. Root's Tavern, which was afterwards<br />

<strong>the</strong> Portland House.<br />

Dr. John W. Russell came to <strong>the</strong> town in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1828, and left<br />

in <strong>the</strong> fall following.<br />

Dr. T. Davis advertises in <strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong> August 29, 1829, that his<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice is opposite Victor's Tavern. This was where <strong>the</strong> Townsend House<br />

stood later. In 1831 he was joined in partnership by his bro<strong>the</strong>r J.<br />

Davis, AVIIO advertised himself as a dentist.<br />

Ano<strong>the</strong>r pioneer in <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>ession was Dr. Jeremiah S. Cochran, who<br />

came to Sandusky in 1832, just at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first cholera outbreak,<br />

and rendered efficient service during its continuance. He had his <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

Avith F. D. Parish, who was <strong>the</strong> second lawyer in Sandusky. Dr. Cochran<br />

died in July, 1845.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> January 6, 1844, contains" an advertisement <strong>of</strong> Dr. I.<br />

P. Randall with his <strong>of</strong>fice in <strong>the</strong> old Portland House.<br />

January 6, 1844, <strong>the</strong> Clarion published a notice that Drs. Aaron<br />

Austin, E. S. Lane and I. P. Randall had formed a partnership for <strong>the</strong><br />

practice <strong>of</strong> medicine.<br />

On August 29, 1845, Charles Cochran, son <strong>of</strong> Dr. J. S. Cochran,<br />

advertises that he will practice medicine with his <strong>of</strong>fice on <strong>the</strong> square<br />

in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congregational Church.<br />

On September 26, 1845, <strong>the</strong> Clarion contains an advertisement <strong>of</strong> a<br />

house to rent occupied by Dr. N. B. Welper.<br />

Dr. J. N. Winslow advertises in <strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong> October 3, 1845, that<br />

his <strong>of</strong>fice is on Water Street opposite <strong>the</strong> post<strong>of</strong>fice.<br />

On April 17,1846, Dr. J. J. Grassman advertises that he has removed<br />

his <strong>of</strong>fice to his house on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Decatur and Adam streets.<br />

309

310 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

On January 1, 1849, Dr. A. Brainard advertises in <strong>the</strong> Clarion that<br />

his <strong>of</strong>fice is at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Fulton and Washington streets.<br />

Dr. Elwood Stanley came here during <strong>the</strong> cholera epidemic <strong>of</strong> 1849<br />

and rendered efficient service during that and <strong>the</strong> subsequent cholera<br />

periods.<br />

Dr. George Hastings applied <strong>the</strong> healing art to <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Groton<br />

Township as early as 1810. He died in 1864. In Perkins Dr. Richard<br />

P. Christopher performed a like service commencing in 1815, and in<br />

Milan Avere Doctors GoodAvin and Guthrie.<br />

Waitsell Hastings commenced <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> medicine in Oxford<br />

Township as early as 1811, but he afterAvards moved to Parkertown, a<br />

hamlet <strong>of</strong> Groton Township, where he died. Doctor Strong succeeded<br />

Doctor Hastings in Oxford, and Avas in. turn himself succeeded by Doctor<br />

Carpenter, The latter subsequently moved West, and Dr. George<br />

Carpenter took his place. Dr. Isaac Rogers, a botanical physician, also<br />

practiced in Oxford. At Huron Dr. Anslem Guthrie located in 1813,<br />

but after four years removed to Canada. Doctor McCrea, a former<br />

resident <strong>of</strong> NeAV Jersey, practiced in Huron, ToAvnship at a very early<br />

day. Dr. Charles H. Leggett came here in 1830 and practiced in <strong>the</strong><br />

village about two years. He Avas drowned in <strong>the</strong> Huron River in 1833.<br />

Dr. George S. Haskins settled at Huron in 1832, and Dr. Joseph Caldwell<br />

in 1833.<br />

The first physician <strong>of</strong> Berlin Township was Dr. George S. Baker, who<br />

located here in 1822. Dr. Xenophon Phillips, Doctor Guthrie, Doctor<br />

Harkness, Doctor Fay, Dr. Daniel Butler, also David Butler—<strong>the</strong> latter 1<br />

a "root and herb" physician—practiced here, but all were not resident<br />

practitioners. Among o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> later years were Pr<strong>of</strong>.-L. B. Hill and<br />

Dr. George S. Hill. In Margaretta Doctor Hartshorne established at<br />

Venice as early as 1817; Dr. Samuel Carpenter at Castalia in 1824, and<br />

at <strong>the</strong> same place Dr. M. J. Morseman came in 1836. Drs. James F.<br />

Wilson, R. C. Luce and J. D. McKim Avere also quite early physicians<br />

<strong>of</strong> Margaretta. Doctor Strong seems to have been <strong>the</strong> pioneer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

pr<strong>of</strong>ession in Vermillion. Dr. A. E. Merrill, formerly probate judge <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> county, and F. C. McConnelly were settlers <strong>of</strong> a later day.<br />

MEDICAL SOCIETIES<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 10th <strong>of</strong> April, 1824, an order was promulgated by <strong>the</strong> press<br />

(<strong>the</strong> old Clarion) for <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> a medical society. This was at<br />

a time when Erie County was included within <strong>the</strong> territorial limits <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron, and at a time Avhen <strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong> establishing such a county as<br />

Erie was unconceived. The order read as follows:<br />

"Medical Notice.—Pursuant to an act to incorporate medical societies<br />

for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> regulating <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> physic and surgery in<br />

this State, I hereby notify <strong>the</strong> medical gentlemen, resident in <strong>the</strong> counties<br />

<strong>of</strong> Richland, Huron, Lorain, Sandusky and Seneca, that a meeting<br />

will be holden at Norwalk, <strong>the</strong> last Tuesday <strong>of</strong> May next, at 10 o'clock<br />

A. M., for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> organizing a medical society agreeable to said

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 311<br />

act. It is expected that <strong>the</strong>re will be a general attendance <strong>of</strong> physicians<br />

<strong>of</strong> this district, as <strong>the</strong> eleventh section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> act provides that no person,<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r than members <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> medical societies in this State,<br />

shall be permitted to practice physic or surgery after <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> July<br />

next.<br />

"NorAvalk, April 10, 1824. DANIEL TILDEN."<br />

At a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society held in 1830, a resolution was adopted<br />

approving <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> efforts <strong>the</strong>n being made for <strong>the</strong> suppression <strong>of</strong> intemperance.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> year Dr. George Anderson was <strong>the</strong> president, but<br />

no fur<strong>the</strong>r mention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proceedings <strong>of</strong> this society are found, and it<br />

is probable that <strong>the</strong> organization was not maintained much later than<br />

<strong>the</strong> year 1830.<br />

ERIE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY<br />

The Erie County Medical Society Avas <strong>the</strong> outgroAvth <strong>of</strong> a meeting<br />

<strong>of</strong> physicians held in Sandusky on <strong>the</strong> 6th <strong>of</strong> April, 1850, at <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

<strong>of</strong> Dr. E. S. Lane. Of this meeting Dr. Daniel Tilden was chosen chairman<br />

and Dr. E. Lauderdale secretary. This ga<strong>the</strong>ring was wholly informal<br />

and <strong>the</strong> main business transacted was <strong>the</strong> declaration <strong>of</strong> intention<br />

to organize <strong>the</strong> society, and <strong>the</strong> appointment <strong>of</strong> a committee on constitution<br />

and by-laAvs, as follows: Dr. E. S. Lane, Robert R. McMeens,<br />

C. Cochran and E. Lauderdale <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, Doctor Galpin <strong>of</strong> Milan,<br />

Doctor Caldwell <strong>of</strong> Huron and Doctor Wilson <strong>of</strong> Castalia.<br />

The constitution and by-laws were adopted and <strong>the</strong> society organized<br />

on <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>of</strong> April, 1850. The first <strong>of</strong>ficers were Dr. Daniel Tilden,<br />

president; Dr. E. S. Lane, secretary. The original members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

society were Drs. Daniel Tilden, Sr., Aaron Austin, E. S. Lane, Robert<br />

R. McMeens, E. Lauderdale and Charles Cochran.<br />

From that time <strong>the</strong> society received acquisitions in membership and<br />

was productive <strong>of</strong> much good, both to <strong>the</strong> members and <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> county.<br />

The society continued in a prosperous condition for something over<br />

ten years, until <strong>the</strong> breaking out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> war, and <strong>the</strong>nceforth it seems to<br />

have suffered Avith <strong>the</strong> general disintegration, not only <strong>of</strong> societies, but<br />

<strong>of</strong> parties and all manner <strong>of</strong> civil associations. From 1861 to 1870 but<br />

feAV meetings Avere held and no proceedings were entered on <strong>the</strong> records<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society. - In 1870 <strong>the</strong> society Avas again brought toge<strong>the</strong>r, mainly<br />

to take some action upon <strong>the</strong> occasion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> Doctor Tilden,<br />

which occurred during that year, hut since 1861 <strong>the</strong> society has never<br />

been as strong as at and prior to that time.<br />

Physicians and surgeons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present time: Henry B. Beatty,<br />

Emily Blakeslee, Chester B. Bliss, G. H. Boehmer, William A. Crecelius,<br />

Harry B. Frederick, Edwin Gillard, Charles Graefe, Henry Graefe, Jr.,<br />

William Graefe, James S. Hanson, William D. Hower, R. B. Hubbard,<br />

C. R. Knoble, Ferdinand Leblicq, John S. McClelland, George P. Max-<br />

Avell, Charles H. Merz, James D. Parker, Hiram D. Peterson, Clarence<br />

Schimansky, Fred Schoepfle, Henry C. Schoepfle, Parker F. SoutliAvick,<br />

William S. Walker.

312 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

DENTISTRY<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> June 15, 1890, quotes an old resident as saying: "I<br />

can well remember <strong>the</strong> time when <strong>the</strong>re were no dentist in Sandusky.<br />

The barbers in those times did all <strong>the</strong> dental work. They pulled <strong>the</strong> teeth<br />

with <strong>the</strong> old-fashioned screws and clamps, and <strong>the</strong> person who was so unfortunate<br />

as to be obliged to avail himself <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> services <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hardhearted<br />

tooth jerkers suffered more agony during <strong>the</strong> operation than he<br />

would todayhaving his leg taken <strong>of</strong>f without an anes<strong>the</strong>tic. I remember<br />

when a man came into a barber's shop to have an enormous fang jerked<br />

out. His face was swollen frightfully frpm toothache and his eyes were<br />

bloodshot from loss <strong>of</strong> sleep. He was in great agony and wanted his tooth<br />

pulled instantly, regairdless <strong>of</strong> consequence. The barber pried <strong>the</strong> man's<br />

mouth open to <strong>the</strong> fullest extent, looked at <strong>the</strong> tooth and remarked it<br />

would be a tough job. The owner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> thumping, jumping fang insisted<br />

it must come out, so <strong>the</strong> barber prepared for <strong>the</strong> struggle. I am<br />

not exaggerating when I say <strong>the</strong> first tool he produced looked like a pair<br />

<strong>of</strong> modern ice tongs. He placed <strong>the</strong> victim in a barber's chair, inserted<br />

<strong>the</strong> tongs in his mouth, adjusted <strong>the</strong> clamps to <strong>the</strong> tooth, told his assistant<br />

to hold his head down firmly, braced his feet against <strong>the</strong> chair, and pulled<br />

with all his strength. The tooth broke <strong>of</strong>f, releasing <strong>the</strong> clamps, <strong>the</strong> barber<br />

fell backwards on <strong>the</strong> floor, while his victim emitted <strong>the</strong> most unearthly<br />

howls ever heard from a human being. He sprang from his chair and,<br />

just as <strong>the</strong> barber got to his feet, attacked him. Bystanders interfered<br />

and prevented a fight. The victim finally cooled down, and a few minutes<br />

later an instrument with a screw in one end and flanked by clamps was<br />

twisted into <strong>the</strong> tooth, and by <strong>the</strong> combined efforts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> barber and an<br />

assistant <strong>the</strong> refractory tooth was finally lifted out amid <strong>the</strong> howls and<br />

groans <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> victim, whose gums and mouth were badly lacerated.''<br />

Unless <strong>the</strong> narrator referred to some temporary want <strong>of</strong> dentists he<br />

had a good memory, for <strong>the</strong> first dentist came to Sandusky in <strong>the</strong> early<br />

'30s. The Clarion <strong>of</strong> January 1, 1831, contains <strong>the</strong> advertisement <strong>of</strong><br />

two doctors, J. and T. Davis, one <strong>of</strong> whom advertises he will act as dentist<br />

and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r says he will engage in <strong>the</strong> general practice. The<br />

Clarion <strong>of</strong> July 30, 1843, contains <strong>the</strong> advertisement <strong>of</strong> Dr. William P.<br />

Thompson, a dentist. He is closely followed by Dr. R. L. Mills, March<br />

1,1845, with <strong>of</strong>fice at <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel. Dr. M. F. Delano has an ad.<br />

in <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> October 5, 1844, with <strong>of</strong>fice in <strong>the</strong> old post<strong>of</strong>fice. He was<br />

here as late as 1855 and later had an <strong>of</strong>fice in his residence on Market<br />

Street near <strong>the</strong> Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. In 1849 he spent <strong>the</strong> summer<br />

on <strong>the</strong> farm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Mrs. Samuel Irvine in Margaretta Township.<br />

J. W. Aiken came next, with an <strong>of</strong>fice over S. W. Butler's store. He<br />

owned <strong>the</strong> house now occupied by Arthur Gallagher, in <strong>the</strong> West End,<br />

which was used as <strong>the</strong> Children's Home in <strong>the</strong> cholera time <strong>of</strong> 1849. On<br />

September 11,1849, L. T. Dryer advertises his <strong>of</strong>fice opposite <strong>the</strong> Veranda<br />

Hotel. In 1866 <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Tate & Stroud were Sandusky dentists. In<br />

1867 <strong>the</strong> dentists were C. T. & C. E. Stroud, E. J. Waye and D. F.<br />

Wemple. In 1873 S. G. Ashcr<strong>of</strong>t, C. T. Stroud, Waye & Reid and D. F.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 313<br />

Wemple were <strong>the</strong> dentists, and in 1874 Stroud & Wilson, Wemple & Sage<br />

and E. J. Waye were <strong>the</strong> fraternity. Reid was <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> author<br />

<strong>of</strong> "Human Hearts." Later J. S. Chandler was for many years a Sandusky<br />

dentist.<br />

Dentists <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present time: J. K. Douglas, A. W. Miller, H. F.<br />

Chandler, Charles E. Stroud, D. F. Meyer, H. S. Rogers, W. F. Palmer,<br />

T. J. Maher, J. F. Schellert, R. A. Weckesser, Clarence D. Peck, John<br />

T. Nicholson, J. E. Herman, A. W. Nicholson, D. D. Smith, F. R. Ross,<br />

W. B. Daly.

CHAPTER XXVI<br />

TEMPERANCE ACTIVITIES IN ERIE COUNTY<br />

The charter <strong>of</strong> Sandusky provided, in section 2, act <strong>of</strong> February 22,<br />

1830, '' That <strong>the</strong> Mayor and Common Council <strong>of</strong> said toAvn be, and <strong>the</strong>y<br />

are hereby authorized, and shall have exclusive authority, Avhenever <strong>the</strong>y<br />

deem it expedient, to grant licenses for any time not exceeding one year,<br />

to grocers or retailers <strong>of</strong> spirituous liquors, porter, beer, cider or ale, in<br />

less quantities than one quart; and to license and regulate all houses <strong>of</strong><br />

entertainment, o<strong>the</strong>r than taverns, within <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> said town; and<br />

<strong>the</strong>y are hereby authorized to make such ordinances, and pass such bylaAvs<br />

consistent with <strong>the</strong> constitution and laws <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States, and<br />

<strong>of</strong> this state, as <strong>the</strong>y shall deem proper for <strong>the</strong> regulation and control <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> same, and to impose any fine not exceeding fifty dollars nor less than<br />

ten dollars, on any person who shall retail spirituous liquors, or keep any<br />

such house within said corporation, without license, and to appropriate<br />

<strong>the</strong> proceeds <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong> as <strong>the</strong>y may deem proper; Provided, that <strong>the</strong> tax<br />

for such license shall in no case be less than ten dollars, nor more than<br />

fifty dollars; Provided, also, That license shall be granted to none but<br />

persons <strong>of</strong> good moral character."<br />

On January 28, 1823, John N. Sloan advertises in <strong>the</strong> Clarion as a<br />

watchmaker and silversmith that he will receive Avhiskey, flour, butter<br />

and cheese in exchange for jewelry Avork.<br />

The Sons <strong>of</strong> Temperance at one time had a strong organization in<br />

Sandusky. The Sandusky Clarion notices its meetings as early as 1849.<br />

and quotes Mrs. Partington" as saying:<br />

"Fifty-two Sons <strong>of</strong> Temperance, and twenty-five daughters, too!<br />

Why, bless me, hoAV many children has Aunt Tempy got? And I hear<br />

<strong>the</strong>m talk <strong>of</strong> Cadets <strong>of</strong> Temperance. What sort <strong>of</strong> debts are <strong>the</strong>m ? But<br />

no Avonder she OAves debts AA'hen she has so many children to maintain.<br />

How I pity <strong>the</strong> old critter."<br />

The Sons <strong>of</strong> Temperance met in Horeb Hall, AA'hich Avas in <strong>the</strong><br />

Hubbard Block at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue, Avhere <strong>the</strong> Good Templar<br />

Lodge also held its meetings at that time.<br />

In 1844 St. Patrick's Day Avas celebrated by a joint parade <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Sons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Emerald Isle and <strong>the</strong> Washingtonian Total Abstinence Society,<br />

after AA'hich <strong>the</strong>re Avas a dinner at <strong>the</strong> Mansion House. The <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Washingtonian Total Abstinence Society were: Stephen Kneen,<br />

president; James B. Griffith and William Marshall, vice presidents;<br />

Henry D. Ward, secretary; and Daniel Dibble, treasurer.<br />

314

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 315<br />

The committee Of <strong>the</strong> Sons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Emerald Isle were: Barney Farrell,<br />

Daniel Larkins, James Cullenan, Francis Mullen, William Dart, Michael<br />

Malaney, James Haggony, Thomas Harnetty, Charles Cross.<br />

At a meeting <strong>of</strong> which John McCafferty Avas chairman and Jeremiah<br />

CroAvley Avas secretary <strong>the</strong> above committee Avas appointed and a written<br />

resolution passed to join with <strong>the</strong> Washingtonian Total Abstinence<br />

Society in celebrating St. Patrick's Day on temperance principles.<br />

The Masonic Lodge <strong>the</strong>n met in Townsend Block, <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong><br />

Water Street betAveen Wayne and Columbus Avenue. The Odd Fellows<br />

met in <strong>the</strong> fourth story <strong>of</strong> West's Block, corner <strong>of</strong> Water and Columbus<br />

Avenue. The Sons <strong>of</strong> Temperance and <strong>the</strong> Good Templars met in Hubbard's<br />

Block at <strong>the</strong> nortlnvest corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and Water<br />

Street. These were all <strong>the</strong> secret societies.<br />

There Avere four military companies, and for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> caring<br />

for <strong>the</strong> wounded, <strong>the</strong> Erie County Medical Society organized in 1850,<br />

and met, <strong>the</strong> second Wednesday in each month.<br />

The first temperance meeting in Sandusky Avas advertised in <strong>the</strong><br />

Clarion to take place at <strong>the</strong> Portland House on <strong>the</strong> 15th day <strong>of</strong> August,<br />

1825, but no program is given, nor is <strong>the</strong>re any fur<strong>the</strong>r record <strong>of</strong> what<br />

Avas done. The first temperance society wds organized by F. D. Parish<br />

in 1831.<br />

The Huron County Temperance Society is advertised to meet at<br />

NorAvalk, September 17, 1832.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> January <strong>20</strong>, 1844, describes a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky<br />

Washingtonian Society at <strong>the</strong> courthouse. It is signed by S<br />

Kneen, secretary, AVIIO Avas a fashionable tailor here at an early day.<br />

On August 24, 1844, a temperance drama was given by <strong>the</strong> Washingtonian<br />

Society at <strong>the</strong> courthouse, entitled "The Drunkard's Return,"<br />

Avhich AA-as Avritten. by Mr. Merritt. ("><br />

On November 9, 1844, a meeting to consider prohibiting <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong><br />

liquor Avas advertised to be held at <strong>the</strong> courthouse on November 15th.<br />

The call is signed by H. Kneen, president, and H. D. Ward, secretary.<br />

On August 22, 1845, a temperance meeting was advertised for August<br />

25, to be addressed by Dr. Clark Jewett, F. N. Kellogg and Dr. James<br />

Warren.<br />

On October 6, 1846, <strong>the</strong>re was a temperance meeting at <strong>the</strong> courthouse<br />

addressed by H. Hamilton, <strong>of</strong> Milan.<br />

On January 15, 1847, <strong>the</strong> Sons <strong>of</strong> Temperance <strong>of</strong> Sandusky celebrated<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir first anniversary.<br />

On April 13, 1847, <strong>the</strong>re were toAvnship local option elections, in<br />

which Portland voted no license by a majority <strong>of</strong> 162; Milan Township<br />

by a majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>20</strong>, and Vermillion by a majority <strong>of</strong> 3, and <strong>the</strong> remaining<br />

toAvnships <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county Avent Avet.<br />

On August 19, 1850, Mrs. M. M. BroAvn addressed <strong>the</strong> Daughters<br />

<strong>of</strong> Temperance in Sandusky. Beginning <strong>the</strong>n, she Avas for many years<br />

very prominent in <strong>the</strong> Daughters <strong>of</strong> Temperance, <strong>the</strong> Good Templars,<br />

and later was <strong>the</strong> real inventor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> idea at <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Woman's<br />

Christian Temperance Union.

316 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

On June 2d, 3d and 4th, in 1851, John B. Gough lectured in Sandusky<br />

for three nights. He was probably <strong>the</strong> greatest temperance orator<br />

for <strong>the</strong> next forty years after that.<br />

On August 16, 1853, <strong>the</strong>re was a meeting in favor <strong>of</strong> a prohibitory<br />

law, addressed by Joseph Root, F. D. Parish and Homer Goodwin.<br />

The Sandusky directory <strong>of</strong> 1855 shows for Horeb division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Sons <strong>of</strong> Temperance: A. W. Hendry, W. P.; Philander Gregg, W. A.;<br />

W. K. Marshall, R. S.; J. Wintersteen, A. R. S.; and <strong>the</strong> lodge met at<br />

No. 22 Jackson Street.<br />

On August 18, 1851, Fa<strong>the</strong>r Ma<strong>the</strong>w made an address at <strong>the</strong> Catholic<br />

Church.<br />

On January 29, 1863, John B. Gough is advertised in <strong>the</strong> Register<br />

to speak at Union Hall on <strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>of</strong> February.<br />

On February 6, 1866, Judge Sebastian F. Taylor charged <strong>the</strong> grand<br />

jury in Sandusky and made <strong>the</strong> statement that nine-tenths <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crime<br />

that came before him was due to <strong>the</strong> liquor business.<br />

On April 21, 1866, L. and T. Thompson organized <strong>the</strong> first Good<br />

Templar lodge in Sandusky.<br />

On August 24, 1866, <strong>the</strong>re Avas a temperance convention at Milan,<br />

with Good Templar lodges present from Milan, Norwalk, Huron and<br />

Sandusky.<br />

On April 4, 1867, at <strong>the</strong> Methodist Church, <strong>the</strong>re was a temperance<br />

meeting addressed by Judge Taylor, Reverend Mr. Farrar and Judge<br />

Hendry.<br />

January 2, 1872, a Good Templar lodge was organized at Castalia,<br />

and shortly followed by lodges at Bloomingville and Huron.<br />

In 1872 <strong>the</strong> Good Templar lodge met in Hubbard's Block.<br />

On June 9, 1883, J. B. Finch spoke at <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian Church.<br />

In August, 1893, L. Beauchamp lectured for a we,ek at <strong>the</strong> Presbyterian<br />

Church. At that time a Good Templar lodge had been formed<br />

in Sandusky in 1892, which had existed for more than tAventy years and<br />

had more than 500 names on its roll. It first met in <strong>the</strong> Odd Fellows'<br />

Temple, later in <strong>the</strong> hall noAV used by Wilcox as a carpet store, later in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Maccabee Temple, and finally in <strong>the</strong> G. A. R. Hall.

THE FIRST CHILDREN'S HOME<br />

By Mrs. Mary E. Buyer<br />

CHAPTER XXVII<br />

NOTABLE ORGANIZATIONS<br />

To <strong>the</strong> residents <strong>of</strong> our beautiful city <strong>the</strong> memories <strong>of</strong> 1849 have ever<br />

been those <strong>of</strong> a time <strong>of</strong> terrible sorrow, desolation and death, when<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> our citizens Avere swept from <strong>the</strong> earth almost without Avarning<br />

by that dread disease cholera, Avhen many fled to save <strong>the</strong>mselves,<br />

almost without a thought <strong>of</strong> those left behind, when ties <strong>of</strong> blood and<br />

friendship Avere broken in <strong>the</strong> mad race for life, and many who thought<br />

<strong>the</strong>mselves a necessity to <strong>the</strong> happiness <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs realized <strong>the</strong>ir mistake<br />

when stranger hands, guided by charitable hearts, cared for <strong>the</strong>ir stricken<br />

bodies, Avrapped <strong>the</strong>ir dead in Avinding sheets and gave <strong>the</strong>m Christian<br />

burial.<br />

Noble Sandusky men and Avomen <strong>of</strong> 1849, one-half <strong>of</strong> whose charity<br />

has never been told and which God alone can ever repay.<br />

The one great charity <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> Avriter <strong>of</strong> this sketch has never<br />

heard mention in later years, and in which all ought to feel an interest,<br />

was <strong>the</strong> home provided for hundreds <strong>of</strong> children bereft <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir natural<br />

protectors, Avithout <strong>the</strong> necessaries <strong>of</strong> life or means to prepare <strong>the</strong>m;<br />

families <strong>of</strong> little ones Avaiting in vain for mo<strong>the</strong>rs to attend to <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

daily Avants, Avatching for fa<strong>the</strong>rs who returned no more.<br />

Their cry for help pierced <strong>the</strong> hearts and rousedfrom <strong>the</strong>ir apathy<br />

our stricken people, and noble men and women responded with hearts<br />

filled with love and sympathy for God's little ones. Fa<strong>the</strong>r Machebeuf,<br />

first pastor <strong>of</strong> Holy Angels' Church, afterwards bishop <strong>of</strong> Denver, Colorado,<br />

lost no time Avaiting for someone else to move in <strong>the</strong> matter, asked<br />

for and secured <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a large, roomy, old homestead, still in a state<br />

<strong>of</strong> good preservation, lying southwest <strong>of</strong> Holy Angels' Church, <strong>the</strong>n occupied<br />

by Doctor Akin, who opened wide its doors, reserving <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong><br />

only one room in Avhich to store his books and personal effects. Soon<br />

beds and bedding, children's clotiiing <strong>of</strong> every kind and size were provided,<br />

food sent from our neighboring cities, Cleveland, Buffalo, and<br />

through <strong>the</strong> agency <strong>of</strong> Fa<strong>the</strong>r Machebeuf a mo<strong>the</strong>rly French lady named<br />

Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Bissonette, from La Prairie, Sandusky County, gladly answered<br />

<strong>the</strong> summons to become matron <strong>of</strong> our first children's home, a home<br />

indeed for <strong>the</strong> little ones sadly in need <strong>of</strong> a mo<strong>the</strong>r's care.<br />

It is needless to say <strong>the</strong>re was no distinction <strong>of</strong> creed or color, and<br />

well did this noble matron, assisted by many generous-hearted Sandusky<br />

317

318 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

women, who gave <strong>the</strong>ir services night and day to help along this work<br />

<strong>of</strong> love and mercy, hushing to rest <strong>the</strong> wailing infant or soothing to quiet<br />

<strong>the</strong> hysterical weeping <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> older ones who were beginning to understand<br />

<strong>the</strong> great loss <strong>the</strong>y had sustained, doing everything prompted by<br />

mo<strong>the</strong>rly hearts until, after many weeks, when all danger was past, relatives<br />

or friends came to claim <strong>the</strong>ir own. Orphan asylums in o<strong>the</strong>r cities<br />

opened <strong>the</strong>ir sheltering arms to receive <strong>the</strong> "unidentified," or everybody's<br />

children, and <strong>the</strong> doors <strong>of</strong> Sandusky's first children's home were<br />

closed; its work was done.<br />

This sketch would be incomplete without mentioning a strange dispensation.<br />

Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Bissonette, or "Miss Ca<strong>the</strong>rine," <strong>the</strong> orphans'<br />

mo<strong>the</strong>r in 1849, afterwards became Sister Ursula, <strong>the</strong> first mo<strong>the</strong>r superior<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity <strong>of</strong> St. Augustine, whose daughters in<br />

religion, Sister George and her zealous co-laborers, as tenderly nursed<br />

back to life and health or helped our friends peacefully, hopefully meet<br />

<strong>the</strong> angel <strong>of</strong> death within <strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> our beautiful Providence Hospital,<br />

an institution <strong>of</strong> Avhich we are all justly proud.<br />

Sandusky has ever had lovely, charitable women, ever ready to<br />

respond to <strong>the</strong> call for help for poor suffering humanity. Women who<br />

put aside all thought <strong>of</strong> self when charity demanded <strong>the</strong>ir attention, but<br />

particular mention ought to be made <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ladies in <strong>the</strong> family <strong>of</strong> Foster<br />

M. Follett, himself a leader in <strong>the</strong> charity work in that dread year, his<br />

gentle Quaker wife and lovely daughters, Helen and Sarah, Avere untiring<br />

co-Avorkers with him in deeds <strong>of</strong> charity.<br />

THE SECOND CHILDREN 'S HOME<br />

By Fred H. Zerbe<br />

On October 5, 1898, a petition was submitted to <strong>the</strong> commissioners<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie County to have <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> building a Children's Home submitted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> voters for decision. A petition Avas granted, and on November<br />

13, 1898, <strong>the</strong> question Avas voted on, with a total <strong>of</strong> 7,684 votes<br />

being cast, <strong>of</strong> Avhich 5,033 voted for <strong>the</strong> home and 1,270 against it, and<br />

1,381 voters expressed no opinion. In accordance Avith <strong>the</strong> decision <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> voters five acres <strong>of</strong> land Avere purchased in <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city<br />

on September 23, 1899, and <strong>the</strong> present Children's Home AVIIS erected<br />

<strong>the</strong>reon.<br />

The first board <strong>of</strong> trustees organized April 22, 1901, by electing<br />

Sidney Kilbourne, president, and Fred H. Zerbe, secretary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board<br />

<strong>of</strong> trustees. The remaining members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board Avere L. S. Van Scoten,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Berlin Heights, and I. W. HooA'er, <strong>of</strong> Milan. The trustees chose<br />

Eugene Peake as superintendent, and Mrs. Eugene Peake as matron, and<br />

Dr. F. W. Morley as <strong>the</strong> first physician. Mr. and Mrs. Peake continued<br />

to serve until October 1, 1910, AA-hen Mr. and Mrs. II. 0. Halm Avere appointed<br />

to succeed <strong>the</strong>m, and are still serving.<br />

In 1902 a hospital and boiler room AA'ere added to <strong>the</strong> Children's<br />

Home at a cost <strong>of</strong> $6,787. Drs. R. H. Hubbard, G. II. Boehmer and Fred<br />

Schoepfle have since acted as physicians. The average annual number

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 319<br />

<strong>of</strong> boy inmates has been eighteen, and <strong>of</strong> girls, seventeen. There are at<br />

present forty-three children in <strong>the</strong> home. One hundred and sixty boys<br />

and 159 girls have been admitted to <strong>the</strong> home. Two boys have died and<br />

five girls. One hundred and thirty-three boys and 143 girls have been<br />

indentured.<br />

On April 1, 1915, <strong>the</strong> trustees added a child's welfare agency for <strong>the</strong><br />

following purposes: 1. To find dependent and neglected children.<br />

2. To help unfortunate parents to keep <strong>the</strong>ir children. 3. To find foster<br />

homes for <strong>the</strong> children <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> home. 4. To visit <strong>the</strong> foster homes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

children three times a year. This department has been a decided success.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year 1914 <strong>the</strong> Children's Home was examined by<br />

Carl M. Browman, state examiner, who checked all <strong>the</strong> bills <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> home<br />

and found its affairs efficiently and economically managed and commended<br />

<strong>the</strong> appointment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visiting agents.<br />

CEMETERIES<br />

The first cemetery was located in <strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Star Theater on<br />

Columbus Avenue, but was not used after 1810. A small lot is said to<br />

have been used near <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Shelby Street as early as 1817, and<br />

closed about <strong>the</strong> year 18<strong>20</strong>.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> July 15, 1873, contains a letter from F. D. Parish,<br />

correcting several errors in <strong>the</strong> 1873 directory published by <strong>the</strong> Register.<br />

As to <strong>the</strong> Sandusky cemeteries, he says:<br />

"I settled here in May, 1822, and burials were made in <strong>the</strong> battery<br />

for several years after my advent. As late as Nov., 1829, my first Avife<br />

died and ra<strong>the</strong>r than bury her remains in <strong>the</strong> Battery I interred <strong>the</strong>m<br />

in my OAvn lot, No. 4 Washington ROAV. When <strong>the</strong> second burial ground<br />

was established <strong>the</strong> remains were removed to that cemetery, and Avhen<br />

<strong>the</strong> present one Avas opened <strong>the</strong>y were again removed to <strong>the</strong>ir present<br />

resting place. The date <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deed from D. H. Tuttle to <strong>the</strong> corporation<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second cemetery fixes <strong>the</strong> date. . . As late as May, 1822,<br />

when I appeared in Sandusky <strong>the</strong>re were <strong>the</strong>n 23 erections, no more no<br />

less. My memory enables me at this day to point out <strong>the</strong> precise locality<br />

<strong>of</strong> each building." I<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1849 a committee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> council consisting <strong>of</strong> F. T. Barney,<br />

John M. BroAvn and Foster M. Follett Avas appointed to select a location<br />

for a larger and appropriate cemetery tract. In 1850 ano<strong>the</strong>r committee<br />

was appointed for <strong>the</strong> selection and purchase <strong>of</strong> a tract <strong>of</strong> land for <strong>the</strong><br />

purpose <strong>of</strong> a cemetery and city poor farm, The negotiations resulted in<br />

contracting for a tract in Perkins ToAA'nship and 136 acres in extent, with<br />

Jane S. Williams, at <strong>the</strong> price <strong>of</strong>* $4,701.90, and on this tract beautiful<br />

Oakland Cemetery Avas laid out. The first sale <strong>of</strong> lots Avas April 29, 1850.<br />

THE COUNTY INFIRMARY<br />

In <strong>the</strong> Township <strong>of</strong> Perkins, a.short distance from <strong>the</strong> south boundary<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky City, is located a farm <strong>of</strong> goodly proportions and in a<br />

finely improved condition, and upon Avhich is built a large stone structure.

3<strong>20</strong> HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

This is <strong>the</strong> home for aged, indigent persons <strong>of</strong> Erie County, and is known<br />

as <strong>the</strong> County Infirmary. This building was erected in <strong>the</strong> year 1886,<br />

by George Phillip Feick, under a contract made with <strong>the</strong> commissioners<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county. Mr. Feick was <strong>the</strong> lowest bidder for this work, his proposal<br />

being $24,168. An engine house and smokestack were subsequently<br />

erected by John IT. Smith, at an expense <strong>of</strong> $1,537.50.<br />

The building that previously occupied this site was burned during<br />

<strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> November, 1885, and with its destruction five inmates<br />

Avere burned to death.<br />

The early proceedings for <strong>the</strong> establishing <strong>of</strong> a county infirmary<br />

were had in <strong>the</strong> year 1855, and on <strong>the</strong> 29th <strong>of</strong> June <strong>of</strong> that year Walter<br />

D. Beall, John W. Sprague and John G. Pool were appointed a board<br />

<strong>of</strong> infirmary directors, who, with <strong>the</strong>ir successors in <strong>of</strong>fice, have ever since<br />

had control <strong>of</strong> that arm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cottnty government.<br />

THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT<br />

By W. H. Watts<br />

Socialism in Erie County dates from <strong>the</strong> early '70s, when Philip<br />

Burkle, now <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Burkle & Lehrman, but <strong>the</strong>n AA'orking at <strong>the</strong><br />

printer's trade, induced some <strong>of</strong> his German neighbors to subscribe for<br />

<strong>the</strong> NeAV York Volkzeitung. As <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir reading, Philip Burkle<br />

and his fa<strong>the</strong>r, August Burkle (noAV deceased), Jacob Schmidt, George<br />

Schmidt (deceased), Nicholas Niessen, Adolph Figlestahler, August<br />

Kuhmann (deceased), Joseph Loth (deceased), Barney Seitz (deceased),<br />

Anton Holtzmiller, Christian Beigmann and D. M. Brodersen organized<br />

a German section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> socialist labor party, Avhich flourished for several<br />

years during <strong>the</strong> early '80s. These men are worthy <strong>of</strong> honorable mention<br />

as having stood for a principle at a time when to be known as a<br />

socialist Avas to be looked upon almost as a criminal or a lunatic. They<br />

Avere soon joined by Charles Buddenhagen, Avho is still a staunch and<br />

active supporter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> socialist organization.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> early '80s <strong>the</strong>re Avas also organized in Sandusky a Germanspeaking<br />

and an English-speaking section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Knights <strong>of</strong> Labor, which<br />

was a socialistic organization, Avith socialists among its active members.<br />

During a. strike <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coal miners in <strong>the</strong> Hocking Valley <strong>the</strong> German<br />

section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> socialist labor party in Sandusky called a meeting at which<br />

a dance was arranged to raise money for <strong>the</strong> strikers. The various labor<br />

unions were invited to send delegates to this meeting, Avhich <strong>the</strong>y did,<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Knights <strong>of</strong> Labor, vvhose constitution forbade<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir co-operating with o<strong>the</strong>r labor organizations. As a result <strong>of</strong> this<br />

meeting <strong>the</strong> present Trades and Labor Assembly <strong>of</strong> Sandusky was<br />

organized.<br />

Both <strong>the</strong> Knights <strong>of</strong> Labor and <strong>the</strong> socialist labor party organizations<br />

aftervA'ards lapsed, but when "Golden Rule" Jones, <strong>of</strong> Toledo,<br />

was candidate for governor <strong>of</strong> Ohio in 1899, a number <strong>of</strong> socialists organized<br />

<strong>the</strong> Golden Rule Club and supported Jones. The present socialist<br />

party held its first national convention at Indianapolis in 1900, and it

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 321<br />

was not long before a local was organized in Sandusky, and in <strong>the</strong> election<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1904 Erie County socialists had a ticket in <strong>the</strong> field. Local Sandusky<br />

is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strong locals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> socialist party, and in one municipal<br />

election polled about 900 votes for Theodore Miller, its candidate<br />

for mayor.<br />

By means <strong>of</strong> lectures, street speakers, books contributed to <strong>the</strong> Sandusky<br />

<strong>Library</strong>, incessant canvassing for subscriptions to socialist papers<br />

and article in <strong>the</strong> daily press, Sandusky socialists have influenced <strong>the</strong><br />

intellectual life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire county far beyond <strong>the</strong> reach <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir political<br />

activities. During <strong>the</strong> opening years <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> twentieth century Thomas<br />

Cowan, later <strong>of</strong> California; Isaac Poling, who afterward moved to Columbus;<br />

William H. Watts, for some time a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> staff <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Christian Socialist, <strong>of</strong> Chicago; George E. Gensirt, and Charles Litz<br />

wrote occasional articles for <strong>the</strong> Sandusky newspapers, thus bringing<br />

socialism to <strong>the</strong> attention <strong>of</strong> people in remote places in <strong>the</strong> county who<br />

would never o<strong>the</strong>rwise get any understanding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject.<br />

Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ablest and foremost exponents <strong>of</strong> socialism have spoken<br />

in Sandusky. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earliest speakers invited here were Dr. Karl<br />

Leibknecht, <strong>of</strong> Germany, fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present representative in <strong>the</strong><br />

Reischstag by that"name; Dr. Aveling, <strong>of</strong> England; and Eleanor Marx<br />

Aveling, daughter <strong>of</strong> Karl Marx, <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> scientific socialism, Avho<br />

were introduced at <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Theater <strong>the</strong> night <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> election <strong>of</strong><br />

1886, when Henry George Avas candidate for mayor <strong>of</strong> New York, Philip<br />

Burkle acting as chairman.<br />

Among o<strong>the</strong>rs Avho are or have been active in <strong>the</strong> socialist party in<br />

Erie County may be mentioned Fred S, Hannen, a teacher in <strong>the</strong> Sandusky<br />

Business College and now a practicing physician in <strong>the</strong> West;<br />

Edward Weis, now <strong>of</strong> Cleveland; Charles Schaub; Morris Nobil, Sandusky's<br />

well-known shoe dealer; Ciro Ricelli; William S. Collins, and<br />

Dr. G. P. Maxwell. A few socialists are to be found in nearly every community<br />

in <strong>the</strong> county, and Martin Darrow, caretaker <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cemetery at<br />

Milan, and George Shadduck, banker <strong>of</strong> Vermillion, have stood almost<br />

alone for socialism in <strong>the</strong>ir respective communities.<br />

Local Sandusky, socialist party, maintains its own headquarters and<br />

has a circulating library for <strong>the</strong> perusal <strong>of</strong> all who wish to make use <strong>of</strong> it.<br />

THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY<br />

In an address given by Mrs. Fannie Boalt Moss before <strong>the</strong> Firelands<br />

Historical Society in 1900 she make,s <strong>the</strong> following statements:<br />

Mr. Parish, in one paragraph <strong>of</strong> early happenings in this city, says<br />

Sandusky had a library association founded in 1826 called Portland<br />

<strong>Library</strong> Association, possessing a small number <strong>of</strong> volumes. I have<br />

never seen a book belonging to this early library. In 1840 <strong>the</strong> books<br />

were transferred to <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Lyceum, or Sandusky Literary Society.<br />

About 1852 a public meeting was held in <strong>the</strong> Euterpean Block for <strong>the</strong><br />

purpose <strong>of</strong> securing a course <strong>of</strong> lectures. These societies gradually<br />

evolved into <strong>the</strong> Young Men's Christian Association, which established<br />

roi. i—a i

322 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

a circulating library in 1867. W. V. Latham was first president, James<br />

Woohvorth, vice president, and George J. Anderson, secretary and treasurer.<br />

This library had a room over <strong>the</strong> Moss National Bank (now <strong>the</strong><br />

Donahue hardware store) until 1870, when <strong>the</strong> gentlemen suggested <strong>the</strong><br />

organizing <strong>of</strong> a library. TAvelve women were given <strong>the</strong> authority and<br />

received from <strong>the</strong> Young Men's Christian Association <strong>the</strong> books turned<br />

over to <strong>the</strong> library association. The board <strong>of</strong> managers first met at <strong>the</strong><br />

residence <strong>of</strong> Mrs. Lester Hubbard, March 3, 1870. A second time at <strong>the</strong><br />

residence <strong>of</strong> Mrs. A. H. Moss, on March 17, and a third time a week later<br />

at <strong>the</strong> high school, when <strong>the</strong> organization was completed.<br />

The board <strong>of</strong> education set aside a room in <strong>the</strong> High School Building<br />

for <strong>the</strong> 400 books <strong>the</strong>n on hand free <strong>of</strong> charge. In 1870 Sandusky had<br />

13,000 population, but only 114 subscribers to <strong>the</strong> library. In 1882 <strong>the</strong><br />

association had 3,170 volumes on its shelves. In that year <strong>the</strong> council<br />

voted an allowance for <strong>the</strong> library association, and <strong>the</strong> Sandusky <strong>Library</strong><br />

Association Avas incorporated and became a free library, and for a long<br />

time maintained its rooms in <strong>the</strong> Masonic Temple, and later in <strong>the</strong> residence<br />

<strong>of</strong> Oran Follett on Wayne Street.<br />

About 1886 a building fund association Avas begun to procure funds<br />

for a building, and in 1897 <strong>the</strong> association had in its control $7,500, <strong>of</strong><br />

which $2,500 had been bequea<strong>the</strong>d by Mrs. George Thornton, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong>,<br />

an old Sandusky resident. With this money <strong>the</strong> association purchased<br />

from James Woohvorth and transferred to <strong>the</strong> library association<br />

<strong>the</strong> lot Avhere <strong>the</strong> Carnegie <strong>Library</strong> noAV stands, Avhich has been in operation<br />

for several years.<br />

The Carnegie <strong>Library</strong> Avas opened to <strong>the</strong> public July 2, 1901, and<br />

dedicated July 3, 1901, in <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> a large audience, including<br />

Governor Nash, Hon. E. O. Randall, Dr. W. O. Thompson, and o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />

ART IN SANDUSKY<br />

Many artists <strong>of</strong> high rank Avere born, or at some time Avere connected<br />

Avith Sandusky. Among those are <strong>the</strong> following: John Jay Barber,<br />

born in Sandusky. From a child Mr. Barber showed remarkable talent<br />

for draAving. Being fond <strong>of</strong> animals, he went to <strong>the</strong> fields and woods<br />

and studied cattle, making portraits <strong>of</strong> cows which looked out from his<br />

pictures Avith such lifelike earnestness that his friends persuaded him<br />

to send some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m to exhibitions in <strong>the</strong> East. Mr. Barber's cattle<br />

pieces are in nearly all <strong>the</strong> best collections in <strong>the</strong> United States, and one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m Avas awarded a diploma at <strong>the</strong> World's Fair in New Orleans.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> his most interesting pictures is owned by <strong>the</strong> Sunyendeand Club<br />

<strong>of</strong> this city. )<br />

Charles C. Curran, <strong>the</strong> noted artist, came to Sandusky with his<br />

parents in 1872, and received much <strong>of</strong> his early education here. He is<br />

a figure painter, but also paints landscapes as a setting for his pictures.<br />

He is a good draughtsman and seems to be equally expert in painting<br />

animals and <strong>the</strong> human figure. He was elected as a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

National Academy <strong>of</strong> Art and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Society <strong>of</strong> American Artists in NeAV

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 323<br />

York City. He has received many prizes for his work, including <strong>the</strong><br />

Clark prize and many medals, both silver and bronze. His pictures have<br />

sold readily and are owned by many private citizens and picture galleries.<br />

George Starr Elwell developed a decided artistic bent in childhood,<br />

which his parents encouraged by placing him under <strong>the</strong> tutelage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

well-knoAvn artist, Henry Mosler, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, later <strong>of</strong> Paris. Mr.<br />

Ehvell paints in both Avater-colors and oils, but his decided preference<br />

is for <strong>the</strong> latter, in which he finds his best expression <strong>of</strong> pastoral scenes.<br />

Several <strong>of</strong> his pictures adorn some <strong>of</strong> Sandusky's best homes and one<br />

hangs in <strong>the</strong> Carnegie <strong>Library</strong>.<br />

Elizabeth Nourse, Avhen but a young girl, Avent to Paris and entered<br />

<strong>the</strong> Julian School. Her strong, vigorous dravA'ing astonished <strong>the</strong> artists<br />

AVIIO criticised <strong>the</strong> student's Avork. "Since your drawing is so good,<br />

Mademoiselle," said BoAA'langer, "it is better for you to rent a studio<br />

and work alone; you will <strong>the</strong>n develop your own style, uninfluenced by<br />

academic training." Following his advice, she remained but three<br />

months in <strong>the</strong> atelier <strong>of</strong> Julian. The royal academies <strong>of</strong> London, Berlin<br />

and Copenhagen have exhibited her Avork, Avhich has been reproduced<br />

in <strong>the</strong> leading art journals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Old World as well as in our own.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> Sandusky's women who ranks high in art is Mrs. Emma<br />

Matern Weaver. At an early age she manifested a great talent for painting,<br />

which had undoubtedly been inherited from her parents. Miss<br />

Matern's first earnest work began at <strong>the</strong> Adelphi Academy <strong>of</strong> Brooklyn,<br />

New York, where for <strong>the</strong> first year she ranked among <strong>the</strong> prize winners,<br />

although <strong>the</strong>re Avere many more advanced students in her class. Since<br />

her marriage in 1897 she has been very active in her art work, producing<br />

some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most successful pictures during <strong>the</strong>se years.<br />

Wilder M. Darling, son <strong>of</strong> Joseph B. and Wealthy Darling, lived his<br />

early life in Sandusky. When fourteen years <strong>of</strong> age he Avent to <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong><br />

Art School and <strong>the</strong>re Avas noticed especially by <strong>the</strong> AvorldrenoAvned<br />

artist, Henry Mosler, Avho took Mr. Darling to Munich Avith<br />

him and gave <strong>the</strong> lad a fa<strong>the</strong>r's care and attention. The last ten years'<br />

work shows his interest and sympathy in Dutch conditions and studies<br />

<strong>of</strong> life in Brittany. To <strong>the</strong> delight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American colony, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eleven<br />

pictures Avhich he recently sent to <strong>the</strong> salon, all were accepted and<br />

seven "hung on <strong>the</strong> line." Ka<strong>the</strong>rine W. Darling, a sister <strong>of</strong> Wilder M.,<br />

Avas born and reared in Sandusky, graduating from <strong>the</strong> high school in<br />

<strong>the</strong> class <strong>of</strong> 1881. She attended Oberlin College for several years, and<br />

Avhile <strong>the</strong>re made a specialty <strong>of</strong> art. She Avent to NeAV York, Avhere she<br />

took <strong>the</strong> complete course in art at Cooper's Institute. Then she entered<br />

<strong>the</strong> Art League <strong>of</strong> NCAV York City and Avas a pupil under William Chase,<br />

and studied nature with Mrs. Frank Scott, <strong>the</strong> noted floAver painter. She<br />

became intensely interested in mission Avork and it"was Avhile teaching<br />

a Sunday school in <strong>the</strong> slums <strong>of</strong> NeAV York that she became infected<br />

with scarlet fever, and in tAvo AA'eeks Avas brought to her home for burial.<br />

Her strong life Avas cut <strong>of</strong>f just at <strong>the</strong> time when she had finished her<br />

work in this country and Avas about to join her bro<strong>the</strong>r in Paris, where

324 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>the</strong>y hoped to lead an ideal life, both devoted to <strong>the</strong> love and study <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> highest ideal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir beloved art.<br />

A very bright future in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> art is before Miss Ruth Deike,<br />

daughter <strong>of</strong> Mr. and Mrs. John R. Deike, <strong>of</strong> this city. Miss Deike is a<br />

student at <strong>the</strong> Cleveland School <strong>of</strong> Art, and though she will not complete<br />

her course <strong>of</strong> study until <strong>the</strong> coming year, her diligent Avorking and hard<br />

study have not been unrewarded, for four <strong>of</strong> her paintings were recently<br />

chosen by Mr. Keller, <strong>of</strong> this school, for exhibition at <strong>the</strong> Panama Exposition.<br />

This is indeed a beautiful compliment to Miss Deike, and <strong>the</strong>re is<br />

no doubt but that <strong>the</strong> future holds many bright things in store for her.<br />

AMUSEMENTS<br />

On June 7, 1845, June & Turner advertised <strong>the</strong>ir circus to exhibit<br />

June. 18th in Sandusky with an admission fee <strong>of</strong> 30 cents. This Avas fhe<br />

first circus to exhibit at Sandusky, and <strong>the</strong> show probably looked like<br />

thirty cents.<br />

March 10,1846, <strong>the</strong>re was a concert given by <strong>the</strong> choirs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congregational<br />

and Episcopal churches, with an admission fee <strong>of</strong> 25 cents.<br />

On July 14, 1846, Raymond & Warring's circus Avas advertised to<br />

exhibit in Sandusky on <strong>the</strong> 28th day <strong>of</strong> July. It had a band wagon<br />

drawn by four elephants.<br />

The first amusement hall <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>re is any record in Sandusky<br />

was Philoma<strong>the</strong>an Hall, where <strong>the</strong> Clarion advertises a vocal concert by<br />

Mr. Covert on September 1, 1846.<br />

In 1847 <strong>the</strong>re was a concert by <strong>the</strong> Ogontz Band at <strong>the</strong> courthouse<br />

H. D. Ward, Ed Stapleton and E. Bell were <strong>the</strong> committee. Mr. Lewis<br />

AA'as <strong>the</strong> teacher, and Mr. Laurence was <strong>the</strong> pianist.<br />

On May 16, 1848, Welch, Delavan & Nathan's circus exhibited at<br />

Sandusky, with an admission fee <strong>of</strong> 25 cents.<br />

On June 28, 1848, Alexander, <strong>the</strong> magician, exhibited in Doll's Hall<br />

on Water Street.<br />

On July 9, 1848, a concert is advertised by Anna Bishop at Doll's<br />

Hall.<br />

The location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Philoma<strong>the</strong>an Hall and Doll's Hall cannot now<br />

be ascertained. The Euterpean Hall is <strong>the</strong> first hall <strong>of</strong> which old residents<br />

at present have any knowledge. Later <strong>the</strong> Norman Hall which<br />

occupied part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hinde & Dauch factory was built<br />

and about 1868 Fischer's Hall was finished over <strong>the</strong> room now occupied<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Wells Fargo Express Company. The Euterpean Hall was on<br />

<strong>the</strong> third floor over <strong>the</strong> American Express Company; later William T.<br />

West used as a <strong>the</strong>ater and amusement hall <strong>the</strong> room HOAV occupied by<br />

<strong>the</strong> R. M. & C. B. Wilcox Company as a carpet room; and <strong>the</strong> Cooke<br />

Bro<strong>the</strong>rs had a hall which is now <strong>the</strong> room occupied by <strong>the</strong> Knights <strong>of</strong><br />

Pythias and was called Union Hall. There jAvas also in <strong>the</strong> '50s and<br />

early '60s two or three small German <strong>the</strong>aters on Wate r and Market<br />

streets.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 325<br />

On November 21, 1848, <strong>the</strong> Hutehinsons sang at <strong>the</strong> Congregational<br />

Church.<br />

On January 1, 1849, <strong>the</strong> Empire Minstrels, <strong>the</strong> first minstrel show<br />

in Sandusky, performed at <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Theater, as West's Concert<br />

Hall was called at that time.<br />

A vaudeville performance by J. H. Hall was advertised at West's<br />

Hall on <strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>of</strong> July, 1850, which shows that vaudeville is not as<br />

modern an institution as some might think.<br />

On October 14, 1850, at Enterprise Hall <strong>the</strong> Ravels performed in<br />

pantomime and Avere followed by <strong>the</strong> great Hutehinsons who traveled<br />

over <strong>the</strong> United States as singers in <strong>the</strong> '50s.<br />

On May 14, 1851, Raymond & Company and Vanamburg Company<br />

circuses exhibited at Sandusky.<br />

On February 1, 1851, <strong>the</strong> Buckeye and Ogontz fire companies had a<br />

festival in Euterpean Hall.<br />

On May 27, 1853, Mr. Dempster, a ballad singer, sang at Euterpean<br />

Hall.<br />

On June 28, 1853, Adelina Patti sang at Euterpean Hall.<br />

On March 22, 1854, Bayard Taylor lectured on Japan in Euterpean<br />

Hall, and Avas folloAved on March 30th by Mrs. Annabel Bloomer who<br />

lectured on woman's rights and wrongs. Mrs. Bloomer was <strong>the</strong> originator<br />

and inventor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cdstume known as "bloomers."<br />

On October 9 and 10,1854, Uncle Tom's Cabin exhibited for <strong>the</strong> first<br />

time in- Sandusky.<br />

On November 2, 1854, Ole Bull and Adelina Patti gave a concert in<br />

Euterpean Hall. This Avas <strong>the</strong> second appearance <strong>of</strong> Adelina Patti in<br />

this city.<br />

On December 16, 1854, Horace Greeley lectured on Henry Clay in<br />

Euterpean Hall.<br />

On January 17, 1855, P. T. Barnum lectured in Sandusky.<br />

On November 21, 1861, <strong>the</strong>re Avas a concert at Norman Hall to aid<br />

<strong>the</strong> soldiers. L. H. Latham was <strong>the</strong> director; Sallie Reber and Miss<br />

We<strong>the</strong>rell, Miss Banks,' Mrs. S. Minor, Miss Follett and Mr. Weston all<br />

sang.<br />

On December 1, 1862, Gottschalk, <strong>the</strong> pianist, gave a concert at Norman<br />

Hall toge<strong>the</strong>r with Madam Patti.<br />

On March 13, 1863, Murdock Read appeared, and on April 11, 1863,<br />

Artemus Ward again lectured at Norman Hall.<br />

On February 10, 1863, <strong>the</strong> Peake family <strong>of</strong> bell ringers appeared at<br />

Norman Hall. .<br />

On April 21,1865, Camille Urso sang at Normal Hall, and on May 4,<br />

Artemus Ward lectured at <strong>the</strong> same place. On August 4, Grau's Italian<br />

troupe performed at Norman Hall.<br />

On October 3, 1866, Ben Butler spoke at AA'hat Avas <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> old B'.<br />

& 0. depot on Market Street.<br />

On November 16, 1866, <strong>the</strong> Siamese tAvins exhibited at Norman Hall,<br />

and on April 27, 1869, Tom Thumb exhibited at <strong>the</strong> same place.<br />

On January 29,1869, Anna Dickinson lectured at Norman Hall. She

326 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prominent woman's rights advocates <strong>of</strong> that period and<br />

perpetrated <strong>the</strong> only real bright piece <strong>of</strong> repartee that to <strong>the</strong> author's<br />

knowledge has been perpetrated up to this time. When Horace Greeley<br />

asked her if women voted what she Avould do if war should be declared,<br />

she ansAvered in a sweet feminine way, she would do just as Mr. Greeley<br />

had done and send a substitute.<br />

On March 5, 1869, Camille Urso, <strong>the</strong> great violinist, gave her second<br />

concert at Norman Hall.<br />

On November 13, 1869, Blind Tom gave a concert at Fischer's Hall.<br />

On February 26,1872, <strong>the</strong> Black Crook performed at Fischer's Hall.<br />

The Black Crook probably created more sensation than any spectacular<br />

play has since. It was an allegory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strife between good and evil<br />

and it Avas <strong>the</strong> first play in which any number <strong>of</strong> women appeared in<br />

tights, and Avhen Pauline Markum at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> 250 Amazons inarched<br />

down <strong>the</strong> stage every preacher in every little country village sat up and<br />

took notice and some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m went to see <strong>the</strong> play so that <strong>the</strong>y could<br />

learn just how wicked it was.<br />

On October 27, 1877, Emma Abbott played in Sandusky. She was<br />

supposed to be <strong>the</strong> OAvner <strong>of</strong> an excruciating form <strong>of</strong> kiss that would<br />

make everybody in <strong>the</strong> audience sit up and gasp, and when she played<br />

Cleopatra to somebody else's Anthony it aroused considerable neAvspaper<br />

criticism.<br />

On January 11, 1874, Wilkie Collins lectured in <strong>the</strong> opera house<br />

Avhich had just been erected, and on November 19 <strong>of</strong> that year Maggie<br />

Mitchell performed at Fischer's Hall.<br />

On March 29, 1879, Mrs. Siddons, <strong>the</strong> great tragedian, performed at<br />

Fischer's Hall.<br />

On April 17, 1880, Mary Anderson appeared in Sandusky as Par<strong>the</strong>nia.<br />

On January 2, 1882, Anna Dickinson appeared at <strong>the</strong> opera house<br />

as "Hamlet" and Avas folloAved by Janauschek as "Lady Macbeth" on<br />

March 1, 1882. From this time <strong>the</strong> entertainments seem to have been<br />

given in <strong>the</strong> operd house.<br />

In 1883 McCullough played "Virginus."<br />

In 1884 Minnie Hauk, <strong>the</strong> great alto singer, gave a concert; Schuyler<br />

Colfax lectured and Margaret Ma<strong>the</strong>r played "Juliet." Maggie Mitchell,<br />

<strong>the</strong>n sixty years <strong>of</strong> age, played "Little Barefoot" Avith Avonderful skill<br />

and came tripping down <strong>the</strong> stage like a girl <strong>of</strong> sixteen.<br />

Hazel Kirke came to Sandusky; Joe Jefferson played "Rip Van<br />

Winkle;" Kate Claxton played "The TAVO Orphans;" T. W. Keene<br />

appeared as "Richard III." Bob Ingersoll lectured.<br />

Rhea gave "Much Ado About Nothing."<br />

In later years Clara Louis Kellogg sang.<br />

Salvin and Robert DoAvning acted.<br />

In music Sandusky has ahvays had a large amount <strong>of</strong> talent. Among<br />

those names can be mentioned Frank Church, Marion Miller-Beare,<br />

Anna LockAvood, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Bonn and Hald Anderson.

CHAPTER XXVIII<br />

JOHNSON'S ISLAND<br />

Three miles north <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, in her land-locked bay, lies Johnson's<br />

Island. Its area is about 300 acres; nearly a mile long and half that in<br />

breadth, gradually rising in <strong>the</strong> center to a height <strong>of</strong> fifty feet. It was<br />

originally covered with heavy timber, and a favorite resort <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Indians, who came here in <strong>the</strong> fishing season, engaged in festivities, and<br />

brought <strong>the</strong>ir captives for torture.<br />

Its first owner was E. W. Bull, and it was called Bull's Island, until<br />

1852, when it was purchased by L. B. Johnson and its name changed<br />

to Johnson's Island.<br />

In 1811 an effort was made to found a town on <strong>the</strong> island, and steps<br />

taken to lay out village lots; <strong>the</strong> custom house <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> port was located<br />

here, but <strong>the</strong> attempt was unsuccessful and abandoned.<br />

The first historical mention <strong>of</strong> Johnson's Island is by Joshua R. Giddings,<br />

AVIIO enlisted in <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812 AA'hen only sixteen years old and<br />

on October 1, 1812, Avrote his parents a letter describing <strong>the</strong> landing on<br />

Johnson's Island (<strong>the</strong>n called Bull's Island) from which <strong>the</strong> following<br />

quotation is taken:<br />

"October 1,1812.<br />

"Honored parents,<br />

"Having got a little refreshed I take my pen in hand to inform you<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last battle that has taken place in our troops in which some <strong>of</strong><br />

our countrymen have lost <strong>the</strong>ir lives to maintain <strong>the</strong> freedom <strong>of</strong> our<br />

country. One Aveek ago 150 <strong>of</strong> our men volunteered to go to Sandusky<br />

to fetch some property aAvay from <strong>the</strong>re. They accordingly arrived <strong>the</strong>re<br />

on Friday. On Saturday four boats set sail from <strong>the</strong>re loaded with<br />

salt fish and apples. On Sunday night <strong>the</strong>y landed on Bull's Island near<br />

<strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Bay &."<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> August 8, 1884, described a visit <strong>of</strong> Joshua R. Giddings<br />

to Sandusky in 1853. He was nearly seven feet high, and in order<br />

to honor him Captain Orr's Island, Queen Avas chartered, and Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros<br />

Cooke, Henry D. Cooke, Earl Bill and Toby Green and o<strong>the</strong>r prominent<br />

citizens formed a party and Mr. Giddings pointed out to <strong>the</strong>m on Johnson's<br />

Island <strong>the</strong> spot Avhere General Harrison's army party encamped.<br />

In 1861 <strong>the</strong> property Avas leased by <strong>the</strong> Government as a depot for<br />

rebel prisoners. The necessary buildings having been erected, <strong>the</strong> first<br />

prisoners were installed in <strong>the</strong>ir quarters in April, 1862, under <strong>the</strong> charge<br />

<strong>of</strong> Company A, H<strong>of</strong>fman Battalion, which was subsequently increased<br />

to a full regiment, <strong>the</strong> 128th 0. V. I.<br />

327

328 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The number <strong>of</strong> prisoners were constantly varying, <strong>the</strong> largest number<br />

at any one time being over 3,000; but, from <strong>the</strong> period <strong>of</strong> its establishment<br />

until <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avar, over 15,000 rebels were confined here,<br />

and owing to its supposed security, <strong>the</strong> prisoners were largely composed<br />

<strong>of</strong> rebel <strong>of</strong>ficers.<br />

In a letter published in <strong>the</strong> Register, August <strong>20</strong>, 1891, Wm. T. West<br />

says that he bought <strong>the</strong> lumber for Johnson's Island Prison from R. B.<br />

Hubbard at $8.00 a thousand, and used 1,500,000 feet <strong>of</strong> lumber. He<br />

states that he took <strong>the</strong> contract November 12, 1861, and gave bond in<br />

$40,000 to have <strong>the</strong> buildings ready for occupancy January 31, 1862, and<br />

that he Avas favored by <strong>the</strong> Avea<strong>the</strong>r and completed <strong>the</strong> buildings on time.<br />

The buildings Avere frame buildings nei<strong>the</strong>r ceiled nor plastered, 100<br />

feet long and tAvo stories h,'"*** each story divided into IAVO rooms, box<br />

style and built <strong>of</strong> drop lumber full <strong>of</strong> knot holes. The Avinters <strong>of</strong> 1862,<br />

OFFICERS' QUARTERS ON JOHNSON'S ISLAND<br />

1863 and 1864 Avere all severe, and many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prisoners had never seen<br />

snow or ice, and Avhen <strong>the</strong>y Avere conducted to Johnson's Island on <strong>the</strong><br />

ice and came to a smooth place <strong>the</strong>y would fall down on <strong>the</strong>ir hands and<br />

knees Avhich Avas very amusing to <strong>the</strong> guards.<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> prisoners on Johnson's Island was IT. IT. Lurton, who<br />

was aftenvard judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court <strong>of</strong> Tennessee, and later justice<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> conclusion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avar on April 12, 1866, <strong>the</strong> buildings on<br />

Johnson's Island Avere sold by <strong>the</strong> Government and most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m bought<br />

in by L. B. Johnson. Nothing noAV remains <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m except one or tAvo<br />

guard posts used as a pig sty.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> June 11,1862, quotes a letter from a rebel prisoner on<br />

Johnson's Island, published in <strong>the</strong> Memphis Appeal:<br />

"After a week at Camp Chase I AA'as sent to Johnson's Island in Sandusky<br />

Bay. This is purely a military prison. It is designed for com-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 329<br />

pany <strong>of</strong>ficers; <strong>the</strong> buildings are large, new and commodious, and <strong>the</strong><br />

grounds extensive . . . The prison covers about fifteen acres <strong>of</strong><br />

ground enclosed by a fence similar to that at Camp Chase. The grounds<br />

slope to <strong>the</strong> east where <strong>the</strong>y border upon <strong>the</strong> lake. Upon <strong>the</strong> west <strong>the</strong><br />

trees <strong>of</strong> a dense forest reach to and within <strong>the</strong> enclosure, and furnish<br />

abundant shade, while a carpet <strong>of</strong> fine grass covers <strong>the</strong> ground everywhere.<br />

Altoge<strong>the</strong>r Sandusky is <strong>the</strong> least disagreeable prison I ever saAV<br />

or heard <strong>of</strong>. The <strong>of</strong>ficers in command are civil and courteous—<strong>the</strong> lake<br />

breeze robs <strong>the</strong> summer sun <strong>of</strong> his heat, <strong>the</strong> view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, lake and<br />

neighboring islands is fine, <strong>the</strong> restrictions upon <strong>the</strong> prisoners are few,<br />

and altoge<strong>the</strong>r it is a salubrious, pleasant place."<br />

The folloAving shows <strong>the</strong> vieAvpoint <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soldiers guarding <strong>the</strong> rebel<br />

prisoners on Johnson's Island and is quoted in <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> January<br />

19, 1863, from <strong>the</strong> CleA'eland Plain Dealer <strong>of</strong> January 14th :<br />

"Visit our barracks and take a look at things as <strong>the</strong>y really are.<br />

Opening <strong>the</strong> door you see before you a vast army <strong>of</strong> bunks in three tiers,<br />

one above <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, each bunk supposed to contain tAvo men. Immediately<br />

after breakfast you will find all bunks made up, floor SAvept,<br />

benches and tables piled up, arms and accoutrements in <strong>the</strong>ir respective<br />

places, and everything in good order. One table being left in <strong>the</strong> center<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> room is occupied <strong>the</strong> principle part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dgy by groups at <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

honest little games <strong>of</strong> seven up and poker—merely to pass <strong>the</strong> time—as<br />

<strong>the</strong> paymaster has not yet been seen. In ano<strong>the</strong>r corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> room is<br />

a musical soiree composed <strong>of</strong> two one-horse fiddles, trying to squeeze<br />

out 'The Girl I left Behind Me' in a manner to set a fellow's teeth on<br />

edge and to cause <strong>the</strong> blood to run cold. Ano<strong>the</strong>r group seated around<br />

<strong>the</strong> stove are conversing on politics. At ano<strong>the</strong>r end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> i^om a corporal<br />

is drilling IICAV recruits, called <strong>the</strong> 'Awkward Squad,' in <strong>the</strong> manual<br />

<strong>of</strong> arms in which <strong>the</strong>y take every position but <strong>the</strong> right one.<br />

"We have between 300 and 400 rebellious individuals in our pen.<br />

The principal part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m were captured in Kentucky. They are mostly<br />

bush-Avhackers, and not a very intelligent looking set, I assure you. They<br />

somewhat resemble <strong>the</strong> last rose <strong>of</strong> summer run over by a small wagon.<br />

We have 46 men detailed for guard every day, so we make out to keep<br />

things straight in <strong>the</strong> prison yard. Everything is satisfactory to <strong>the</strong> rebs<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cold wea<strong>the</strong>r Avhich keeps <strong>the</strong>m in <strong>the</strong> buildings<br />

most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time. "We have good living as <strong>the</strong>re is considerable variety<br />

about it. For breakfast fried beef, bread and c<strong>of</strong>fee; dinner, boiled<br />

ditto, potatoes, bread and water; supper, bread, molasses and tea. Sometimes<br />

for a change beef soup or rice,.''<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> May 16, 1863, contains a two column account <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> execution <strong>of</strong> two rebel prisoners, William Corbin and T. P. McGraAV,<br />

convicted <strong>of</strong> recruiting for <strong>the</strong> Confederate Army within <strong>the</strong> lines <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

U. S. forces, and <strong>of</strong> carrying mail and information to <strong>the</strong> rebels.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> January 4, 1866, contains <strong>the</strong> folloAving article:<br />

"When <strong>the</strong> rebel prisoners all <strong>of</strong>ficers and many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m high in<br />

rank AA'ere confined on Johnson's Island opposite this city, <strong>the</strong>y exhibited<br />

a far greater amount <strong>of</strong> ingenuity that <strong>the</strong>y were ever willing to acknoAvl-

330 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

edge previous to <strong>the</strong>ir undertaking <strong>the</strong> task <strong>of</strong> rearing a sou<strong>the</strong>rn confederacy.<br />

Previous to that event <strong>the</strong>y considered it degrading and beneath<br />

<strong>the</strong> dignity <strong>of</strong> a gentleman to perforin manual labor <strong>of</strong> any kind.<br />

Be that as it may, Ave knoAv <strong>the</strong>y manufactured many little articles such<br />

as chairs, tables, bedsteads, etc., with Avhich to render prison life comfortable.<br />

Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> articles were very fair specimens <strong>of</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

furniture and mechanism and not totally devoid <strong>of</strong> rustic beauty. In <strong>the</strong><br />

line <strong>of</strong> chairs <strong>the</strong>y manufactured hundreds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old split bottom<br />

variety, bottomed with <strong>the</strong> lea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> old boots, cut into strings and<br />

neatly interwoven toge<strong>the</strong>r. Owing to a scarcity <strong>of</strong> tools <strong>the</strong> wooden<br />

frames were made with only <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> jacknife and auger, and were<br />

really a very staunch made chair. On <strong>the</strong> release <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prisoners<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se chairs were sold at public auction. . . . Every<br />

chair was marked with <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> owner on <strong>the</strong> top slat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> back,<br />

OLD POAVDER HOUSE ON JOHNSON'S ISLAND<br />

toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> his regiment, and <strong>the</strong> state from Avhich he<br />

came. They were not marked, Ave suppose, because <strong>the</strong>y suspected <strong>the</strong><br />

honesty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir fellow prisoners, but simply that <strong>the</strong>y might be able to<br />

tell <strong>the</strong>ir own and be able to reclaim <strong>the</strong>ir property should it stray from<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir quarters. It is not, an uncommon thing IIOAV to see a chair sitting<br />

around once owned by Col. Sawyer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 14th Mississippi or <strong>of</strong> Brigadier<br />

Generals Johnson, Marmaduke or o<strong>the</strong>r notables <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> once rebel<br />

bull pen. Fifty years hence such articles will be looked upon as greater<br />

curiosities than many that IIOAV frame our public museums and cost<br />

hundreds <strong>of</strong> dollars."<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> October 19, 1876, contains <strong>the</strong> folloAving extract from<br />

<strong>the</strong> report <strong>of</strong> Jake Thompson, <strong>the</strong> Canadian agent <strong>of</strong> Jeff Davis, to <strong>the</strong><br />

Confederate Government <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> conspiracy to release <strong>the</strong> prisoners, which<br />

report AA'as made in 1864 from Toronto:<br />

"It had been previously ascertained that an organization existed

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 331<br />

among <strong>the</strong> prisoners on <strong>the</strong> island for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> surprising <strong>the</strong><br />

guard and capturing <strong>the</strong> island; <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> steamer Michigan<br />

Avhich carried fourteen guns being <strong>the</strong> only obstacle. Secret communications<br />

were had by which <strong>the</strong>y were advised that on <strong>the</strong> night <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 19th<br />

<strong>of</strong> September an attempt to seize <strong>the</strong> steamer would be made. On that<br />

night Captain Cole who had established <strong>the</strong> friendliest relations with<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> steamer was to have a wine drunk with <strong>the</strong>m on board<br />

and at a given hour Acting Master Beall was to appear on <strong>the</strong> boat to<br />

be obtained for that purpose, Avith a sufficient number <strong>of</strong> soldiers to board<br />

and take <strong>the</strong> steamer. Should <strong>the</strong>y capture <strong>the</strong> steamer a cannon shot<br />

was to announce to <strong>the</strong> prisoners that <strong>the</strong> hour for <strong>the</strong>ir release had<br />

come. Should <strong>the</strong>y take <strong>the</strong> island boats were to be improvised and<br />

Sandusky was to be attacked. If taken <strong>the</strong> prisoners were to be mounted<br />

and taken to Cleveland <strong>the</strong> boats cooperating and from Cleveland <strong>the</strong><br />

PRISONERS' QUARTERS ON JOHNSON'S ISLAND<br />

prisoners Avere to make for Wheeling and <strong>the</strong>nce to Virginia. The<br />

key to <strong>the</strong> Avhole movement was <strong>the</strong> capture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Michigan. On <strong>the</strong><br />

evening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> twelfth by some treachery Cole Avas arrested and <strong>the</strong><br />

messenger who Avas to reach Acting Master Beall at Kelley's island did<br />

not reach him. Disappointed but nothing daunted Acting Master Beall<br />

having possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Philo Parsons passenger steamer from Detroit to<br />

Sandusky Avent on his Avay to Johnson's Island. Having landed at<br />

Middle Bass, to procure a supply <strong>of</strong> AA'ood <strong>the</strong> Steamer Island Queen Avith<br />

a large number <strong>of</strong> passengers and thirty soldiers came up alongside and<br />

lashed herself to <strong>the</strong> Parsons. An attack was at once resolved on. The<br />

passengers and soldiers Avere soon made prisoners and <strong>the</strong> boat delivered<br />

up to our men. The soldiers Avere regularly paroled, <strong>the</strong> passengers Avere<br />

left on <strong>the</strong> Island having given <strong>the</strong>ir promise not to attempt to leave for<br />

tAventy-four hours; and <strong>the</strong> boat was taken out into <strong>the</strong> lake and sunk.<br />

The Parsons Avas <strong>the</strong>n steered directly for <strong>the</strong> Bay <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. Here

332 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>the</strong> men for certain reasons not altoge<strong>the</strong>r satisfactory refused to make<br />

an attack on <strong>the</strong> Michigan. Beall returned landed at Sandwich Canada<br />

West and <strong>the</strong> men scattered through <strong>the</strong> country. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m have<br />

returned to <strong>the</strong> Confederate States. But a feAV days since Acting Master<br />

Bennett C. Burley was arrested and his trial is now going on under <strong>the</strong><br />

extradition treaty. If Ave had Cole's, Beall's or his OAVII commission I<br />

should not fear <strong>the</strong> result as it is <strong>the</strong>y will have to prove <strong>the</strong>y acted under<br />

my order, and that will in order probably secure his release but it may<br />

lead to my expulsion from <strong>the</strong> provinces, at least I have it from a reliable<br />

source that this last proposition has been pressed on <strong>the</strong> Canadian<br />

authorities and <strong>the</strong>y have considered it. Should <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> events<br />

take this direction, unadvised by you I shall consider it my duty, to<br />

remain where I am and abide <strong>the</strong> issue. I should prefer if possible to<br />

have your vieAvs on <strong>the</strong> subject. Captain Cole is still a prisoner on<br />

Johnson's Island."<br />

The folloAving is a copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> order releasing <strong>the</strong> four Sandusky<br />

citizens arrested on <strong>the</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> conspiring to release <strong>the</strong> prisoners on<br />

Johnson's Island. The order is IIOAV in <strong>the</strong> possession <strong>of</strong> Fred Frey.<br />

"HEADQUARTERS IT. S. FORCES<br />

"At Johnson's Island and Sandusky<br />

"Johnson's Island, Ohio, Sept. 21st, 1864.<br />

"Special orders<br />

"No. 227<br />

"2. John IT. William, Dr. E. Stanley, John M. Brown, and Abraham<br />

Strain, citizens <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, having been arrested by Capt. J. Steiner,<br />

Pro. Marshal, 9th Dist. <strong>of</strong> Ohio, and aAvaited at this post fur<strong>the</strong>r investigation<br />

upon allegations understood to implicate <strong>the</strong>m with o<strong>the</strong>rs, in<br />

a conspiracy to capture <strong>the</strong> U. S. Steamer Michigan, and rescue <strong>the</strong><br />

rebel prisoners at this port, or to aid and assist <strong>the</strong>m, and <strong>the</strong> facts having<br />

IIOAV been more fully inquired into, and <strong>the</strong>y failing to make a case<br />

against said Williams, Stanley, Brown and Strain, <strong>the</strong>y are <strong>the</strong>refore<br />

relieved from fur<strong>the</strong>r detention.<br />

"By command <strong>of</strong> Col. Chas. W. Hill.<br />

"John M. Brown, Citizen,<br />

"Sandusky, Ohio."<br />

"JOHN LEWIS,<br />

"Capt. & A. A. A. Gen'l.<br />

i'<br />

In <strong>the</strong> report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> treatment <strong>of</strong> prisoners <strong>of</strong> war by <strong>the</strong> rebel authorities,<br />

third session, Fortieth Congress, 1868-1869, page 151, will be found<br />

<strong>the</strong> following statement by a rebel surgeon who was released from<br />

Johnson's Island, which was also printed in <strong>the</strong> Richmond Enquirer:<br />

"The sleeping accommodations are very comfortable consisting <strong>of</strong> a<br />

bunk with straAv bed and if <strong>the</strong> individual has no blanket one is furnished<br />

and he is allowed to buy as many more as he Avants. Every room has a<br />

good stove and is furnished with a sufficiency <strong>of</strong> wood. This <strong>the</strong> prisoners

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 333<br />

have to saw for <strong>the</strong>mselves after it is brought to <strong>the</strong>ir doors—by <strong>the</strong> way<br />

a very good exercise. The prison consists <strong>of</strong> thirteen large wooden buildings.<br />

The space <strong>of</strong> ground sixteen acres <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> prisoners have full<br />

liberty to exercise in, to sing Sou<strong>the</strong>rn national songs, to hurrah for Jeff<br />

Davis to play ball or any o<strong>the</strong>r game <strong>the</strong>y see fit.<br />

'' The rations are exactly <strong>the</strong> same as are issued to <strong>the</strong> garrison, consisting<br />

<strong>of</strong> fresh beef, pork, bakers' bread, sugar, c<strong>of</strong>fee, beans, hominy,<br />

s<strong>of</strong>t soap and candles. Besides <strong>the</strong>se up to <strong>the</strong> time I left <strong>the</strong>re was a<br />

sutler's store inside <strong>the</strong> enclosure at which we could obtain any kind <strong>of</strong><br />

meat or vegetables or knickknacks if we chose. We could purchase anything<br />

we Avanted. Clothing and eatables were allowed to be sent <strong>the</strong><br />

prisoners by <strong>the</strong>ir friends in <strong>the</strong> North in any quantity and money Avithout<br />

stint."<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> June <strong>20</strong>, 1888, says twenty-five cows were kept and<br />

<strong>the</strong> milk sold to <strong>the</strong> prisoners at 6 cents a quart. The number <strong>of</strong> prisoners<br />

was about 15,000, <strong>of</strong> whom <strong>20</strong>6 died over <strong>the</strong>re, most <strong>of</strong> whom were sick<br />

or wounded on <strong>the</strong>ir arrival.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> October 12, 1889, prints <strong>the</strong> full list <strong>of</strong> those buried<br />

on <strong>the</strong> island and states that L. B. Johnson and <strong>the</strong> Register own <strong>the</strong><br />

only tAvo lists in existence. Owing to <strong>the</strong> visit <strong>of</strong> a delegation from<br />

Georgia an effort was started to fix up <strong>the</strong> graves on <strong>the</strong> island which had<br />

hi<strong>the</strong>rto failed because L. B. Johnson would hot sell <strong>the</strong> land where <strong>the</strong><br />

cemetery was located. For many years since <strong>the</strong> graves have been<br />

decorated on Decoration Day, <strong>the</strong> grass moAved and <strong>the</strong> undergrowth kept<br />

trimmed.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> Avar <strong>the</strong> graves <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Confederate prisoners on Johnson's<br />

Island Avere neglected for many years, until finally on March 30, 1890,<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>6 graves were marked with headstones. In 1891 an effort was<br />

made by <strong>the</strong> Fifth Regiment <strong>of</strong> Ohio Infantry to buy a camping ground<br />

oh <strong>the</strong> island but fell through. On January <strong>20</strong>,1898, L. B. Johnson died<br />

at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> 97 and <strong>the</strong> island passed out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Johnson<br />

family.<br />

On November 18, 1904, an option was given <strong>the</strong> Daughters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Confederacy to buy <strong>the</strong> cemetery, and on March 14,1905, <strong>the</strong>y purchased<br />

a strip <strong>of</strong> land 100 feet wide by 485 feet long including <strong>the</strong> cemetery<br />

100 feet wide by <strong>20</strong>9i/2 feet long. On June 8, 1910, <strong>the</strong> beautiful monument<br />

now standing was unveiled, and <strong>the</strong> statue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Confederate<br />

soldier faces <strong>the</strong> east waiting for <strong>the</strong> arising <strong>of</strong> his brethren.

CHAPTER XXIX<br />

KELLEY'S ISLAND<br />

Kelley's Island, originally knoAvn as Cunningham's Island, is situated<br />

a little to <strong>the</strong> Avest <strong>of</strong> north <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, in latitude 41° 35' north, and<br />

longitude 82° 42' west from Greemvich. It AVIIS first thought to belong<br />

to <strong>the</strong> fire lands, which Avere to be bounded on <strong>the</strong> north by <strong>the</strong> territorial<br />

line, Avhich AA'as also <strong>the</strong> boundary betAveen Canada and <strong>the</strong> United<br />

States, and should include all <strong>the</strong> islands <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie lying east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Avest line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western Reserve. After a long and bitter contest <strong>the</strong><br />

matter was compromised in such a Avay that this island remained a part<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reserve, but was not to be considered a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Firelands.<br />

The earliest <strong>of</strong>ficial record <strong>of</strong> Avhat is knoAvn as Kelley's Island Avas Avhen<br />

ToAvnship No. 5 AA'as draAvn, in <strong>the</strong> division among <strong>the</strong>mselves, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Connecticut<br />

Land Company's purchase, AA'hich covered <strong>the</strong> Avhole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reserve,<br />

and was divided by lot among <strong>the</strong>m. When a township <strong>of</strong> lesser<br />

value was drawn something else was thrown in, and thus when Township<br />

No. 5 Avas draAvn Cunningham's Island, thought to be <strong>of</strong> little value,<br />

was added.and divided among <strong>the</strong> thirteen OAvners.<br />

Of <strong>the</strong> history prior to this time <strong>the</strong>re are relics and traces <strong>of</strong> Indian<br />

life that show that different tribes lived here for a time, and Avere <strong>the</strong>n<br />

driven <strong>of</strong>f and banished. Near <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Mr. Addison Kelley were<br />

found arroAv-heads, broken pipes, implements and o<strong>the</strong>r articles <strong>of</strong> rude<br />

Avorkmanship that point to a time Avhen a large village existed on <strong>the</strong><br />

spot. On <strong>the</strong> Huntington farm Avere still to be found remains <strong>of</strong> a circular<br />

earthwork which must have enclosed seven acres <strong>of</strong> land. It Avould<br />

be difficult to find a locality so full <strong>of</strong> prehistoric interest as this <strong>of</strong><br />

Kelleys Island, and <strong>the</strong> inhabitants are cordial in assisting <strong>the</strong> investigator.<br />

Perhaps <strong>the</strong> greatest object <strong>of</strong> interest is "Inscription Rock," on<br />

<strong>the</strong> south shore <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island in Lake Erie, just east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> steamboat<br />

landing, Avhich is thus described by Colonel Eastman, AVIIO copied <strong>the</strong><br />

hieroglyphics for <strong>the</strong> government Avork:<br />

"This rock is 32 ft. by 21 ft. and is part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same stratification as<br />

<strong>the</strong> Island, from which it has been separated by lake action. The top<br />

presents a smooth and polished surface, like all <strong>the</strong> limestone <strong>of</strong> this quarter<br />

when <strong>the</strong> soil is removed, suggesting <strong>the</strong> idea that this polish is due to<br />

glacial attrition. Upon this <strong>the</strong> peculiar inscription is cut. The figures<br />

and devices are deeply cut in <strong>the</strong> rock and yet it presents all its smoothness<br />

<strong>of</strong> surface as if <strong>the</strong>y had been exposed to <strong>the</strong> polishing or wearing<br />

influence <strong>of</strong> water; yet this influence if from water could not have been<br />

rapid as <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water is 11 ft. beloAV <strong>the</strong> rock surface, its base<br />

334

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 33J<br />

having only a few inches <strong>of</strong> water around it. The sculpture is by fai<br />

<strong>the</strong> most expensive, well sculptured and well preserved inscription <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

antiquarian period ever found in America. It is in <strong>the</strong> picturgraphic<br />

character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nation, and its leading symbols are easily interpreted.<br />

The human figures, <strong>the</strong> pipes, <strong>the</strong> smoking groups, <strong>the</strong> presents and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

figures denote tribes, treaties, crimes, turmoils, which tell a story <strong>of</strong><br />

thrilling interest in Avhich <strong>the</strong> Avhite man or European plays a part. The<br />

whole inscription is manifestly one connected with <strong>the</strong> occupation <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> shores <strong>of</strong> this lake by <strong>the</strong> Eries; <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coming <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wyandotts;<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> final triumphs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Iroquois, and <strong>the</strong> flight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people who<br />

gave <strong>the</strong>ir name to <strong>the</strong> lake.''<br />

There are several o<strong>the</strong>r rocks that tell <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rude skill <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

natives; many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m covered with saucer-like depressions, Avorn <strong>the</strong>re<br />

by <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> manufacturing stone hatchets or flesh knives, <strong>of</strong> Avhich<br />

great numbers have been found. In <strong>the</strong> year 1851 draAvings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inscriptions<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> large rock were made by Colonel Eastman, United<br />

States Army, who Avas detailed by <strong>the</strong> government to examine <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

Copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m Avere sent to Shimgcank, a learned Indian, AVIIO was well<br />

versed in pictography, by whom <strong>the</strong>y were deciphered and translated;<br />

but <strong>the</strong> translation is too long for this work.<br />

This interpreter decided that <strong>the</strong>y related to affairs <strong>of</strong> Avhich he<br />

kneAV nothing, but that belong to <strong>the</strong> time after <strong>the</strong> Avhites had become<br />

acquainted with <strong>the</strong> Indians <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strongest pro<strong>of</strong>s<br />

<strong>of</strong> this Avas a symbol <strong>of</strong> a hat which appeared three times; but that <strong>the</strong>y<br />

had not yet seen firearms he thought conclusive from <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>re<br />

Avere no representations <strong>of</strong> any to be seen. When it is remembered that<br />

<strong>the</strong> general opinion is that <strong>the</strong> Iroquois first receiA'ed guns from <strong>the</strong><br />

Dutch at Albany, in 1614, and that <strong>the</strong> Lake Indians did not receive<br />

<strong>the</strong>m from <strong>the</strong> French until some years later, it is easily seen that <strong>the</strong><br />

date <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se inscriptions cannot be earlier than 1625. From that time<br />

until <strong>the</strong> nineteenth century <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island is a blank.<br />

In 1808 a Frenchman by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Cunningham settled upon <strong>the</strong><br />

island, and for a quarter <strong>of</strong> a century after it Avas known by his name.<br />

He traded with <strong>the</strong> Indians, buying from <strong>the</strong>m maple sugar, skins, etc.,<br />

and giving <strong>the</strong>m in exchange blankets, trinkets, and probably whiskey,<br />

Avhich has ahvays been a regular article <strong>of</strong> trade with savages. He<br />

built a rude cabin and lived here until 1812. His fate is uncertain, but<br />

it is generally supposed that he left because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> war,<br />

and AA'as killed in some skirmish Avith Indians and British. During <strong>the</strong><br />

Avar General Harrison kept a guard stationed at <strong>the</strong> west point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

island, for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> Avatching'<strong>the</strong> movements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> enemy on <strong>the</strong><br />

lake. The guards' camp^ occupied a clearing made by a Frenchman,<br />

AATIOSG name was Bebo, in 1810. He had come with a man named Poschile,<br />

and each made a clearing. That <strong>of</strong> Bebo was a little to <strong>the</strong> north<br />

<strong>of</strong> Carpenter's maple grave. Poschile's was near <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> Kelley's<br />

upper wharf.<br />

Commodore Perry prepared for <strong>the</strong> Battle <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie in <strong>the</strong> little<br />

harbor on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island. Here he anchored his fleet, and

336 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

here he received on board thirty-six Ohio, Pennsylvania and Kentucky<br />

volunteers from Harrison's army; and here he AA'as visited by General<br />

Harrison and his aids, Cass and McArthur, to talk over and plan <strong>the</strong><br />

coming battles, which were destined to close <strong>the</strong> Avar.<br />

From 1812 to 1818 it is not known that <strong>the</strong>re were any Avhite settlers<br />

on Kelley's Island. During <strong>the</strong> latter year a man named Killam, with<br />

his family and one or two men, came here and built a cabin.and remained<br />

until 18<strong>20</strong>. It was at this time that <strong>the</strong> first steamboat was<br />

built on <strong>the</strong> lake, and called <strong>the</strong> Walk-on-<strong>the</strong>-Water. A sailboat also<br />

made short trips between Sandusky and <strong>the</strong> island to meet <strong>the</strong> steamboat,<br />

which could not go to Sandusky every trip, and received her passengers<br />

from Venice and Sandusky in this Avay. The Walk-on-<strong>the</strong>-Water<br />

was wrecked October 19, 18<strong>20</strong>. During <strong>the</strong>se tAvo years Killam AVIIS cmployed<br />

to supply <strong>the</strong> fuel for <strong>the</strong> boat, and this had to be cut and boated<br />

GLACIAL GROVES ON KELLEY'S ISLAND<br />

out to <strong>the</strong> steamboat. It was red cedar, which was very abundant in this<br />

locality. After <strong>the</strong> wrecking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Walk-on-<strong>the</strong>-Water, this business<br />

was stopped, and Killam left <strong>the</strong> island in 18<strong>20</strong>. From that time until<br />

1826 <strong>the</strong>re were no permanent residents here. About that time a couple<br />

<strong>of</strong> men employed by Killam to get out wood continued <strong>the</strong>ir work from<br />

time to time, and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m is connected Avith <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island<br />

from <strong>the</strong> Point, which bears his name. Barnum's Point is on <strong>the</strong> east<br />

end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island, and carries with it <strong>the</strong> memory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se times, when<br />

<strong>the</strong>se two men became enemies, and Barnum killed Grunmet, who Avas<br />

preparing to shoot him. It was decided that <strong>the</strong> act Avas done in self-defense,<br />

and Barnum moved aAvay from this section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country.<br />

In 1826 Elisha Ellis and Peter Shook obtained contracts for two<br />

pieces <strong>of</strong> land, and Ellis proceeded to build a house on his into Avhich his<br />

wife and himself moved.<br />

Shook went a\vay and never returned, and in 1828 Henry Ellithorpe

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 337<br />

went <strong>the</strong>re to begin stock raising. During <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1828-9 <strong>the</strong><br />

only inhabitants <strong>of</strong> this township were Mr. and Mrs. Ellis, Mr. Ellithorpe<br />

and Frank Saunders, who worked for Ellis. In December, 1830, Henry<br />

Ellithorpe was married in Sandusky to Elizabeth Neal, and took her home<br />

on <strong>the</strong> ice, taking along six head <strong>of</strong> cattle. He built a house <strong>of</strong> cedar on<br />

<strong>the</strong> bank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake, and here was born October 6, 1832, <strong>the</strong> first white<br />

child, a son, and named George Ellithorpe.<br />

Of <strong>the</strong> 2,888 acres comprising this island, only six acres were cleared<br />

in 1833, when Datus Kelley and his bro<strong>the</strong>r Irad visited it with a view<br />

to purchasing land and going into <strong>the</strong>, cedar business. Before this, however,<br />

Captain Ransom, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, and Burr Higgins had had an interview<br />

with <strong>the</strong> agents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> principal owners, but <strong>the</strong> purchase was not<br />

effected. The first purchase <strong>of</strong> lands was effected on <strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>th day <strong>of</strong><br />

August, 1833, and consisted <strong>of</strong> a contract made by <strong>the</strong> attorney <strong>of</strong> John<br />

A. and Mary Rockwell, and Alfred E. Perkins, for 1,444 92/100 acres,<br />

or almost one-half <strong>the</strong> total area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island. For this <strong>the</strong>y paid<br />

$2,167.35, or $1.50 an acre. O<strong>the</strong>r purchases followed, and in <strong>the</strong><br />

autumn <strong>of</strong> that year a double log house was built for a boarding house.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> folloAving winter <strong>the</strong> wood-dock was commenced, and by <strong>the</strong><br />

next spring was sufficiently near finished to afford a landing to steamboats,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> business <strong>of</strong> wooding AA'as begun.<br />

Up to <strong>the</strong> year 1837 this had been a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Township <strong>of</strong> Danbury,<br />

and AVIIS included in Huron County. That year, however, a change Avas<br />

made, and Erie County vvas created and Kelley's Island Avas set <strong>of</strong>f as<br />

a part <strong>of</strong> it. The Legislature in 1840 enacted a law that "all that tract<br />

knoAvn as Cunningham's Island, situated on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie,<br />

be constituted a toAvnship, to be known as Kelley's Island."<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 6th <strong>of</strong> March, 1840, was passed an act creating <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong><br />

Ottawa, Avhich should include within its boundaries <strong>the</strong> new island<br />

toAvnships <strong>of</strong> Kelley's Island and Van Rensselaer. The first election for<br />

organization as a township Avas in April, 1840. There were fifteen votes<br />

polled, and in May an election was held for county <strong>of</strong>fices.<br />

As <strong>the</strong> population increased and its business Avas entirely with Sandusky,<br />

its connection with Ottawa County became very irksome, and a<br />

determination Avas formed to effect a separation and be reinstated in Erie<br />

County. In February, 1845, <strong>the</strong> Legislature passed a law to that effect,<br />

so that in <strong>the</strong> short space <strong>of</strong> seven years Kelley's Island formed a part<br />

<strong>of</strong> tAvo townships and four counties, and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four children <strong>of</strong> Mr. Addison<br />

Kelley, born in <strong>the</strong> same house, no two were natives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same township<br />

or county.<br />

When Datus and Irad Kelley had purchased <strong>the</strong> island <strong>the</strong>y found<br />

several squatters Avith a little improvement here and <strong>the</strong>re. These <strong>the</strong>y<br />

proceeded to buy <strong>of</strong>f, and generally did so with little or no trouble.<br />

There Avas one man, however, not so readily disposed. He claimed to<br />

have purchased his tract and refused to give it up without being forced to<br />

do so by laAV. The result, though expensive, and costing, it is said, as<br />

much as <strong>the</strong> purchase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island, was beneficial in many ways, for it<br />

proved that <strong>the</strong> Kelley's titles could not be set aside.<br />

Vol.t -•!!

338 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

After Datus Kelley built <strong>the</strong> docks he turned his attention to <strong>the</strong><br />

matter <strong>of</strong> education and built a schoolhouse. This was done entirely at<br />

his own and his bro<strong>the</strong>r's expense. It AA'as <strong>the</strong> first frame building ever<br />

erected on <strong>the</strong> island, and has since been used as a cooper and blacksmith<br />

shop.<br />

Mr. Kelley was a natural reformer. He believed that no place could<br />

groAV, or community prosper, Avithout a basis <strong>of</strong> substantial qualities; and<br />

<strong>the</strong>se were, in his estimation, education, frugality, and temperance. Having<br />

provided a schoolhouse he next proceeded to <strong>of</strong>fer a reward or bonus<br />

to his men, in addition to <strong>the</strong>ir regular pay, for dispensing Avith intoxicants.<br />

Various successful men have dated <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir success<br />

to <strong>the</strong> encouragement afforded <strong>the</strong>m at that time by <strong>the</strong> precepts and<br />

example <strong>of</strong> Mr. Kelley.<br />

At this time Mr. Kelley had not moved 'icre, but spent half <strong>of</strong> every<br />

year on <strong>the</strong> island. In 1836 he resolved to make his permanent residence<br />

on <strong>the</strong> islanih and moved his family into a small log house, which Avas<br />

afterward <strong>the</strong> site <strong>of</strong> George Kelley's house. In 1838 he built a frame<br />

house, where he resided until he built <strong>the</strong> old part <strong>of</strong> what Avas known<br />

as <strong>the</strong> Island House. At this time <strong>the</strong>re Avere tAvelve families on <strong>the</strong><br />

island, Avhich, with <strong>the</strong> men who boarded in <strong>the</strong>m, constituted <strong>the</strong> entire<br />

population <strong>of</strong> Kelley's Island sixty-six years ago.<br />

Quarrying stone, getting out cedar posts, chopping steamboat Avood,<br />

etc., Avas <strong>the</strong> business carried on at that time. All <strong>the</strong> money made heret<strong>of</strong>ore<br />

had been made by stone or cedar, but after 1836 steamboat wood<br />

formed <strong>the</strong> largest item <strong>of</strong> trade. There could be no farming carried on<br />

until <strong>the</strong> land was cleared, hence it became necessary to <strong>of</strong>fer such inducements<br />

that <strong>the</strong> steamboats would stop for wood. This effected two<br />

things—clearing <strong>the</strong> land and opening communication with <strong>the</strong> ports on<br />

<strong>the</strong> lake. Not only Avas Mr. Kelley <strong>the</strong> pioneer <strong>of</strong> education and civilization<br />

on <strong>the</strong> island, hut his son, Addison Kelley, furnished <strong>the</strong> model for<br />

<strong>the</strong> first boat that was built here. It Avas not like o<strong>the</strong>r boats, but was<br />

intended to wea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> storms <strong>of</strong> all seasons. It Avas launched early in<br />

1839 and named Number One. She proved herself Avorthy <strong>of</strong> her title<br />

Avhen she outlived <strong>the</strong> worst gale ever known here, in which <strong>the</strong> schooner<br />

Helen Mar was lost with all on board. This boat was so constructed as<br />

to right herself in all positions. Her keel Avas an oak plank, seventeen<br />

inches in depth and four inches thick, with an iron shoe on <strong>the</strong> bottom<br />

<strong>of</strong> it that weighed nearly a ton.<br />

The groAvth <strong>of</strong> Kelley's Island population has been very rapid. No<br />

sooner had <strong>the</strong> Kelleys become its owners than <strong>the</strong>y commenced a series<br />

<strong>of</strong> improvements, and proceeded to put <strong>the</strong>ir lands in <strong>the</strong> market at fair<br />

prices. The earliest purchasers directly from D. and J. Kelley Avere<br />

Addison Kelley, John Titus, James Hamilton, Julius Kelley, Horace<br />

Kelley, J. E. Woodford, G. C. Huntington. Patrick Martin, Bernard Mc-<br />

Gettigan, S. S. DAVCIIO and James Estes. A stone building with lot<br />

donated and built by Datus and Sarah Kelley is open to public services<br />

<strong>of</strong> all pr<strong>of</strong>itable kinds. .There are four churches, each <strong>of</strong> Avhich supports<br />

its OAvn minister and has regular services. The most prominent build-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 339<br />

ing is <strong>the</strong> Island House, a fine summer hotel built in 1874, and destroyed<br />

by fire in 1877, and subsequently rebuilt. It was originally <strong>the</strong> property<br />

<strong>of</strong> Addison Kelley, who sold it to Colby, Hickox and Matson, <strong>of</strong><br />

Mansfield. It afterwards became <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong> Jacob Rush. It is 224<br />

feet by 40, three stories high, Avith grounds elegantly laid out, and all<br />

<strong>the</strong> accessories <strong>of</strong> a delightful summer resort.<br />

The history <strong>of</strong> Kelley's Island requires a special mention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> different<br />

steamboats that have helped in her march toward civilization.<br />

From 1839 <strong>the</strong> main reliance was Number One., until, after a few years<br />

<strong>of</strong> hard and faithful service it was pronounced unseaworthy, and plans<br />

were formed to build a successor. The possibility <strong>of</strong> using steam was<br />

discussed, but no one thought it could be done* While <strong>the</strong> decision was<br />

not yet made, <strong>the</strong> matter was decided in a most unexpected manner in<br />

1846. In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> thit year Mr. AddisOn Kelley had occasion to<br />

W<br />

tz-.MmM<br />

- ^ ^ C / ' I ''''<br />

- . -V * .<br />

5|<br />

. • •... A<br />

INSCRIPTION ROOK ON KELLEY'S ISLAND<br />

go to Venice on Number One. The vessel was in a poor condition, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> Aveatber stormy. He concluded it Avas not safe to returri until <strong>the</strong><br />

storm abated, and in <strong>the</strong> evening strolled into <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> H. N. Fish, and<br />

Avhile discussing <strong>the</strong> limited means <strong>of</strong> communication betAveen <strong>the</strong> island<br />

and <strong>the</strong> outer Avorld, Mr. Fish suggested that a small steamboat might be<br />

built, by Avhich <strong>the</strong>y could come and go as <strong>the</strong>y chose. Mr. Kelley saw<br />

<strong>the</strong> advantage <strong>of</strong> this, but stated that <strong>the</strong>y Avere not able to do it; whereupon<br />

Mr. Fish promised <strong>the</strong>m a libeVa^'sum as a loan, to be paid for in<br />

transportation, and also promised <strong>the</strong> business <strong>of</strong> carrying <strong>the</strong> wheat<br />

from Fremont, if <strong>the</strong>y would build a boat <strong>of</strong> sufficient capacity. On Mr.<br />

Kelley \s return home lie laid <strong>the</strong> matter before Mr. D. Kelley, Avho AA'Ould<br />

have to be <strong>the</strong> principal stockholder. He took hold <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> matter at<br />

once, and in less than one Ave-k from <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> its first suggestionjhe<br />

steamboat known as <strong>the</strong> Islander Avas under constructkiu^-^Smrwas a<br />

decided success, mid did her work well for yeapfirat Avas at length

340 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

superseded by <strong>the</strong> Island Queen in 1853. She was commanded by Captain<br />

Orr, and sold in 1866. When she was built she was thought to be<br />

too large for <strong>the</strong> service, but eventually proved too small. She was<br />

finally captured by <strong>the</strong> Confederates and sunk in 1864. She was recovered<br />

in a few days, comparatively uninjured, and two years later her<br />

owners and some o<strong>the</strong>rs formed a company and purchased <strong>the</strong> steamer<br />

Evening Star. The Star was a new boat <strong>of</strong> 340 tons, with a, beautiful<br />

model low-pressure beam-engine, and cost $45,000, with an additional<br />

$1,000 for fitting her up. Her speed was fine, and her carrying capacity<br />

unequaled at that time, <strong>of</strong>ten carrying on an excursion 1,<strong>20</strong>0 passengers.<br />

Her captains were successively Captain Magle, Kirby and Brown.<br />

She Avas sold in 1872 with <strong>the</strong> Raindeer, and since that time <strong>the</strong> islanders<br />

have owned no steamboats.<br />

The following table <strong>of</strong> statistics <strong>of</strong> 1863 SIIOAVS <strong>the</strong> still primitive<br />

condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island at that time:<br />

Domestic imports, nothing whatever except building materials and family supplies.<br />

Foreign imports, none.<br />

Exports eoastAvise:<br />

lied cedar, 714 cords $ 4,291<br />

Limestone, 390 cords 780<br />

.Steamboat wood, .'1,248 cords 4,102<br />

Corn, Avhcat and pork 2,000<br />

$11,083<br />

Steamboats and A-csscls:<br />

Ono steamboat, 80 tons $5,000<br />

One sail-boat 150<br />

Number <strong>of</strong> men employed on same 7<br />

Population, 1849, 180.<br />

Population, 186.'!, 600.<br />

Not only did Mr. D. Kelley build <strong>the</strong> first schoolhouse, give <strong>the</strong> first<br />

impetus toward thrift, temperance and success on <strong>the</strong> island, but he<br />

started grape growing, which has since become such an important industry<br />

here and elsewhere. In <strong>the</strong> year 1846 <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> grapes sold by D.<br />

Kelley did not exceed $5. In 1861 <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grape crop Avas<br />

$51,080, from 128 acres. This does not give a fair average per acre, as<br />

many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vines were bearing for <strong>the</strong> first time. The first vine Avas<br />

only set out in 1842 by Mr. Kelley, who had brought cuttings from his<br />

old home in Rockport. In 1844 <strong>the</strong> first CataAvbas Avere planted from<br />

cuttings obtained from Judge Ely, <strong>of</strong> Elyria. Mr. Carpenter bought a<br />

farm on <strong>the</strong> west/end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island, and commenced setting out vines<br />

until in tAvoor three years he had more vines than any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> older<br />

settlers. There was no thought at this time <strong>of</strong> making <strong>the</strong> grapes into<br />

Avine, for <strong>the</strong> thought had been advanced and believed that no wine could<br />

be made from <strong>the</strong>se grapes that would keep. The demand for grapes<br />

steadily increased, and in 1855 it was much easier to sell <strong>the</strong>m at 10<br />

cents a pound than it had been nine years before at five.<br />

As late as 1854 <strong>the</strong>re was comparatively a small amount <strong>of</strong> land put

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 341<br />

into grapes, and this was done by old settlers. The first move in <strong>the</strong><br />

direction <strong>of</strong> increasing <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> producers was made in that year,<br />

when some intelligent Germans who had come from <strong>the</strong> wine districts<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old world found employment on <strong>the</strong> island. They began to see<br />

<strong>the</strong> possibilities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> future, and desired to buy land for grape culture.<br />

Five acres were bought from Mr. Addison Kelley for $50 an acre, and<br />

when he was remonstrated with on <strong>the</strong> exhorbitant price at which he<br />

valued his land he replied that he should sell <strong>the</strong> next higher, and would<br />

only sell five acres to <strong>the</strong> same individual. Within *& few days he sold<br />

five acres for $60 an acre, and from that to $75, $100 and $125 was<br />

quickly reached. The grape fever became more wide-spread, and as yet<br />

<strong>the</strong>re were no checks to <strong>the</strong> progress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> business, for rot, late frosts<br />

and o<strong>the</strong>r evils Avere unknown for eighteen years. In 1862, after a successful<br />

beginning, <strong>the</strong> rot appeared for <strong>the</strong> first time.<br />

THE KELLEY 'S ISLAND AND SANDUSKY CABLE COMPLETED<br />

On <strong>the</strong> afternoon <strong>of</strong> July 8, 1875, <strong>the</strong> main shore land line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Kelley's Island and Sandusky Cable Company was attached to an instrument<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph <strong>of</strong>fice in this city and <strong>the</strong> click<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instrument soon announced $hat <strong>the</strong> cable was' in working order.<br />

Mayor Daniel sent <strong>the</strong> following message to <strong>the</strong> island: .<br />

"Sandusky, July 8, 1875.<br />

"To THE CITIZENS OP KELLEY'S ISLAND:<br />

"AHOAV me to congratulate you upon your enterprise in opening<br />

direct communication betAveen Kelley's Island and Sandusky by successfully<br />

laying a submarine cable in Lake Erie by which we shall be<br />

able to be more closely connected, and as <strong>the</strong> cable reaches from one point<br />

to <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r without a stop, <strong>the</strong>reby binding <strong>the</strong> two toge<strong>the</strong>r, may it<br />

also bring <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Island and Sandusky into closer relations and<br />

make <strong>the</strong>m if possible, still more friendly in <strong>the</strong> future than <strong>the</strong>y have<br />

been in <strong>the</strong> past.<br />

"Yours respectfully,<br />

"GEO. DANIEL, Mayor."<br />

The folloAving reply was <strong>the</strong>n received from Mr. Erastus Huntington<br />

<strong>of</strong> Kelley's Island who is secretary and treasurer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company:<br />

"Kelleys Island, July 8.<br />

"GEO. DANIEL, Mayor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky:<br />

"Your congratulatory dispatch to <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> Kelley's Island is<br />

received. In behalf <strong>of</strong> our citizens allow me to thank you for your kind<br />

wishes, and, as <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Sandusky united with us in buying and<br />

laying our cable, so may we always be united as one in <strong>the</strong> future, and<br />

may our interests be united in a bond <strong>of</strong> union as perfect as our cable.<br />

"ERASTUS HUNTINGTON,<br />

"Sec'y and Treas. K. I. & S. C Co."

342 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Norman Kelley used to say that Kelley's Island was originally inhabited<br />

by rattlesnakes, that <strong>the</strong> hogs came and ate <strong>the</strong> rattlesnakes,<br />

<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> Irish came and ate <strong>the</strong> hogs, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> Germans came and drove<br />

out <strong>the</strong> Irish. It is true that all that is left <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kelleys on <strong>the</strong> island<br />

is <strong>the</strong> name <strong>the</strong>y gave it. In <strong>the</strong> lapse <strong>of</strong> time <strong>the</strong> island has developed<br />

into a summer resort with an increasing patronage and has developed a<br />

limestone business <strong>of</strong> large proportions. Its population has increased<br />

and it is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most beautiful spots in Lake Erie.

CHAPTER XXX<br />

THE MILITARY HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The following is a list <strong>of</strong> Revolutionary soldiers buried in Erie<br />

County:<br />

John McMillen—Died in Huron, Ohio; age, 81 years; a private in <strong>the</strong><br />

New Jersey Continental line; a pensioner; buried in McMillen Cemetery,<br />

Huron; on pension list September 18,1818, under act <strong>of</strong> Congress, March<br />

18, 1818.<br />

Daniel Carpenter—Private Connecticut Continental; on pension list<br />

February 10, 18<strong>20</strong>, under act <strong>of</strong> Congress, March 18, 1818.<br />

Michael Chapman—Private Connecticut Continental; on pension list<br />

July 5,1828, under act <strong>of</strong> Congress, March 18,1818; buried at Huron.<br />

Henry Cherry—Huron; private New Jersey Continental; on pension<br />

list June 7, 1819, under act <strong>of</strong> Congress, March 18, 1818.<br />

John or (Johnathon) Church—Pennsylvania Continental; on pension<br />

list October 18,1819, under act <strong>of</strong> Congress, March 18, 1818.<br />

Isaac Curtis (Custis)—Huron; private New York State troops; on<br />

pension list September 16, 1833, under act <strong>of</strong> Congress, July 7, 1832.<br />

C. Lambert Sheffer—Private NeAV Jersey Continental; buried about<br />

two miles south <strong>of</strong> Birmingham, Ohio, Florence Township, on bank <strong>of</strong><br />

Vermillion River; on pension list May 23, 1833, under act <strong>of</strong> Congress,<br />

July 7, 1832.<br />

David Carswell—Born 1764; died 1844; private in New York Continental<br />

line; buried in Oakland Cemetery, Sandusky, Ohio; a pensioner.<br />

Aaron Van Benschotin—Born 1746; died 1836; private in Captain<br />

Coulter New York Company; at one time hostler for George Washington<br />

; buried in Peaks Burying Ground, near Ceylon, Ohio.<br />

Jabez Parsons—Born 1753; died 1836; sergeant in Wolcott's Regiment,<br />

Connecticut; buried in Huron, Ohio.<br />

Johnathon Hunt—Served in Bradstreet's command; died at Venice,<br />

Ohio, 18<strong>20</strong>!<br />

John Brooks, Sr.—Served as a private during <strong>the</strong> Avhole war; buried<br />

near Spragues Corners, Florence, Ohio.<br />

Frederick Falley—Born 1764 in Westfield, Massachusetts; died July<br />

3, 1828; at eleven years <strong>of</strong> age was'fifer in his fa<strong>the</strong>r's company at <strong>the</strong><br />

battle <strong>of</strong> Bunker Hill; buried at Castalia; Massachusetts records; re-<br />

" ported as having enlisted and served as fifer in Capt. Warham Park's<br />

company, June 10, 1775; Colonel Danielson's regiment <strong>of</strong> eight-months'<br />

men; Avas with <strong>the</strong> army at <strong>the</strong> siege <strong>of</strong> Boston.<br />

Chauncey Cook—Aged eighty years; Oxford ToAvnship, Erie County,<br />

Ohio.<br />

343

344 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Joseph Remington—Groton Township; age, seventy-seven; resided in<br />

Erie County, 1840.<br />

Joseph Ransom—Private Connecticut State troops; placed on pension<br />

list July 24, 1833, under act <strong>of</strong> Congress, June 7, 1832.<br />

VETERANS OP WAR OP 1812<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most prominent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> veterans <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812 was<br />

Col. William McCartney, AVIIO served in <strong>the</strong> Mexican war later. He died<br />

March 9, 1878.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> April 13, 1871, contains a list <strong>of</strong> six veterans <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

War <strong>of</strong> 1812, <strong>the</strong>n living in Erie County, and furnished by S. C. Wheeler:<br />

William Bridgman, aged ninety-fiA'e years, August 5, 1870. He<br />

enlisted May 9, 1812, in Captain Towl's Company, Nineteenth Regiment<br />

United States Infantry, and Avas discharged August 19, 1817. He took<br />

part in <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Sackett 's Harbor, was married to Mary McKinney,<br />

March, 18<strong>20</strong>, at Buffalo, NeAV York, and in 1871 lived in Sandusky.<br />

Elihu Parker, aged seventy-four years, August 12, 1870. He entered<br />

Colonel Codgram 's Regiment,' Ohio Militia, in January, 1813, and served<br />

until <strong>the</strong> following August. He marched through <strong>the</strong> Avilds <strong>of</strong> Ohio and<br />

Michigan to Detroit and to Fort Gratiot, where he worked on <strong>the</strong> fortification.<br />

He fought in <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Mackinaw. In 1871 he lived in Oxford<br />

Township.<br />

David Cronk, aged seventy-seven years, January 26, 1871. He vvas<br />

drafted at Summers, NeAV York, in June, 1813, and entered Colonel<br />

Swartout's Squadron <strong>of</strong> Light Horse. He was quartered three months on<br />

<strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Long Island under <strong>the</strong> command <strong>of</strong> General Courtland.<br />

He was married January 28, 18<strong>20</strong>, at Covert, Seneca County, NeAV York,<br />

to Miss Martha Sneed, and in 1871 lived in Perkins Township.<br />

Henry James, aged seventy-three years, October 10, 1870. Enlisted<br />

in December, 1813, in <strong>the</strong> Thirteenth Regiment, United States Infantry,<br />

under Colonel Sprawl, Avhich was quartered at Green Bush, near Albany,<br />

New York. He was in <strong>the</strong> battles <strong>of</strong> Sackett's Harbor, Plattsburg,<br />

Lundy's Lane, and after <strong>the</strong> Avar served <strong>the</strong> balance <strong>of</strong> five years at Fort<br />

Gratiot, Michigan, in Captain Pellman's Company. He came to Ohio<br />

in 1818 and settled in Margaretta Township, Avhere he still resided in<br />

1871.<br />

Benjamin D. Wheeler AA'as seventy-three years <strong>of</strong> age in 1871, and<br />

<strong>the</strong>n lived in Carroll Township, Missouri, Mandeville County. He entered<br />

Captain Ross' Company in February, 1814, and Avas discharged at<br />

Upper Sandusky in August.<br />

Nathan Ladd, aged seventy-live years, May 26, 1870, was drafted in<br />

September, 1814, from Hampden, Massachusetts, and entered Captain<br />

Day's Company, Colonel Mack's Regiment. On March' 23, 18<strong>20</strong>, he Avas<br />

married to Hannah Webster and in 1871 lived in Milan ToAvnship, Avhere<br />

he had resided with his Avife for forty-five years.<br />

On March 28, 1885, a reunion <strong>of</strong> veterans <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mexican war Avas<br />

held at Sandusky, Ohio, and <strong>the</strong> Register notes as among <strong>the</strong> Erie

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 345<br />

County veterans present, William Wermuth, Joseph Boals, John Mc-<br />

Gookey, Judson A. Rathburn, John Ray and C. Schelb.<br />

CIVIL WAR<br />

As early as <strong>the</strong> year 1832 John N. Sloan, <strong>the</strong>n an enterprising merchant<br />

at Sandusky, was commissioned lieutenant-colonel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First<br />

Light Infantry Battalion, Second Brigade and Third Division. After<br />

this time, and while <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county were engaged in <strong>the</strong> arts<br />

<strong>of</strong> peace, <strong>the</strong>y Avere unconsciously, perhaps, preparing for war. Various<br />

portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county had <strong>the</strong>ir representative companies.<br />

In Sandusky many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> older people will remember <strong>the</strong> days <strong>of</strong><br />

glory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bay City Guards, an organization formed in 1851, and<br />

under <strong>the</strong> command <strong>of</strong> Capt. R. R. McMeans, a physician <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city;<br />

<strong>the</strong> Sandusky Flying Artillery, A. Silva, commandant; <strong>the</strong> Yeager<br />

Rifle Company, L. Traub commanding, and o<strong>the</strong>rs, perhaps, whose greatest<br />

victories were achieved among <strong>the</strong> fair sex.<br />

But <strong>the</strong>re came a time a feAV years later when <strong>the</strong>se had an opportunity<br />

<strong>of</strong> exhibiting <strong>the</strong>ir valor upon <strong>the</strong> bloody fields <strong>of</strong> battle from <strong>the</strong><br />

first Bull Run to <strong>the</strong> Appomattox; from <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />

When on that fateful morning <strong>of</strong> April, 1861, <strong>the</strong>re appeared, in<br />

answer to Moultrie's guns, upon our political horizon <strong>the</strong> words "Civil<br />

War,'' <strong>the</strong> sturdy men <strong>of</strong> Ohio were at once to <strong>the</strong> fore, and from that<br />

day to <strong>the</strong> time that Lee yielded to that old hero, "Unconditional Surrender"<br />

Grant, this state was seldom behind her quota. Let us see what<br />

Ohio did during this four years <strong>of</strong> internecine strife.<br />

Upon <strong>the</strong> authority <strong>of</strong> Mr. Reid it may be stated that under Mr.<br />

Lincoln's call, on April 15, 1861, for 75,000 men, Ohio furnished 12,357;<br />

July 22, 1861, 84,116; July 2, 1862, 58,325; August 4, 1862, (nine<br />

months' men); June 15, 1863, 2,736 (militia); October 17, 1863, 32,837;<br />

March 14, 1863, 29,931; April 22, 1864, 36,254 (one hundred days' service)<br />

; July 18, 1864, 30,823; December 19, 1864, 23,275. In all Ohio<br />

furnished under <strong>the</strong>se several demands for men an aggregate <strong>of</strong> 310,654<br />

men, Avhile her total quota amounted to 306,322 men.<br />

The fact appears that <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong> Erie Avas represented by men<br />

in no less than thirty different regiments, although <strong>the</strong> number in each<br />

averaged considerably less than 100. Among those AA'ere some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

most daring fighters in <strong>the</strong> service.<br />

To <strong>the</strong> military history <strong>of</strong> Erie County <strong>the</strong>re attaches an additional<br />

interest from <strong>the</strong> fact <strong>of</strong> Johnson's* Island having been made a national<br />

depot for <strong>the</strong> detention <strong>of</strong> captured rebel <strong>of</strong>ficers. This island is not<br />

a part <strong>of</strong> Erie County, but Sandusky seems to have been <strong>the</strong> central<br />

and prominent point and <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> all operations on <strong>the</strong> island. From<br />

here all prisoners were placed on boats and conveyed to <strong>the</strong> island, and<br />

fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, all supplies were obtained here. The establishment <strong>of</strong> a<br />

prisoner's depot on Johnson's Island was brought about through <strong>the</strong><br />

energy and exertions <strong>of</strong> a few <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leading business men <strong>of</strong> Sandusky,

346 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

AVIIO at once saAV that such a station would be <strong>of</strong> great value to trade<br />

in <strong>the</strong> city and that <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers' quarters would be in and about <strong>the</strong><br />

toAvn ra<strong>the</strong>r than on <strong>the</strong> island.<br />

The <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avar department to whom was entrusted <strong>the</strong> duty <strong>of</strong><br />

selecting a site for <strong>the</strong> depot was inclined to favor Detroit, and came to<br />

this city mainly in fulfillment <strong>of</strong> a duty and not that he desired to locate<br />

<strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> detention here; but <strong>the</strong> business men accorded him such a<br />

warm reception, and shoAved a willingness to give <strong>the</strong> enterprise such<br />

substantial aid, that <strong>the</strong> agent could not Avell do o<strong>the</strong>rwise than accept<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fers made him.<br />

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT<br />

The guarding force <strong>of</strong> this important point was made up, in <strong>the</strong><br />

main, <strong>of</strong> Ohio troops, prominent among which Avas <strong>the</strong> One Hundred<br />

and Twenty-eighth Regiment; <strong>the</strong>refore, <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> that regiment, a<br />

portion <strong>of</strong> which was from Erie County, is closely associated with <strong>the</strong><br />

events that transpired during <strong>the</strong> occupancy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island for <strong>the</strong> purposes<br />

stated, and will be Avritten in connection <strong>the</strong>rewith. A still greater<br />

interest and importance was given this locality during <strong>the</strong> years <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

war, through <strong>the</strong> exploits <strong>of</strong> John Yates Beall, AVIIO made a fruitless<br />

attempt to rescue <strong>the</strong> prisoners on <strong>the</strong> island, which attempt will be<br />

found detailed in <strong>the</strong>se pages, toge<strong>the</strong>r with an account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> execution<br />

<strong>of</strong> that daring young <strong>of</strong>ficer.<br />

For <strong>the</strong> following account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Johnson's Island<br />

Prisoners' Depot, and <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment,<br />

we are indebted to <strong>the</strong> AA'ork entitled "Ohio in <strong>the</strong> War," edited by Mr.<br />

Whitelaw Reid, later <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> New York Tribune. The narrative Avas<br />

compiled and written so soon after <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> war that it is doubtful<br />

Avhe<strong>the</strong>r any additional facts can be stated, even at this time;<br />

<strong>the</strong>refore, we copy from Mr. Reid, giving him full credit for <strong>the</strong> original<br />

production:<br />

"The One Hundred and TAventy-eighth Ohio, although chiefly occupied<br />

in guard duty within <strong>the</strong> borders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State, Avas an organization<br />

<strong>of</strong> three years' troops, enlisted and mustered into <strong>the</strong> United States<br />

service, <strong>the</strong> same as o<strong>the</strong>r volunteers troops, and Avas liable to service<br />

wherever required. It attained minimum strength on <strong>the</strong> 25th <strong>of</strong><br />

December, 1863, and consisted <strong>of</strong> four companies, before known as <strong>the</strong><br />

'H<strong>of</strong>fman Battalion' raised at different'times in 1862. At and before<br />

<strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> forming <strong>the</strong> regiment <strong>the</strong> H<strong>of</strong>fman Battalion was under <strong>the</strong><br />

command <strong>of</strong> a lieutenant-colonel and major. Six neAV companies Avere<br />

mustered in at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, betAveen <strong>the</strong> 8th and 15th<br />

<strong>of</strong> January, 1864. The four old companies had been on duty at Johnson's<br />

Island nearly all <strong>the</strong> time since <strong>the</strong>ir muster-in, but had frequently<br />

furnished detachments for service elseAvhere, including a short and very<br />

active campaign in pursuit <strong>of</strong> rebel troops in West Virginia in 1862.<br />

"The One Hundred and TAventy-eighth having been chiefly occupied<br />

at <strong>the</strong> frontier posts <strong>of</strong> Johnson's Island and Sandusky, its services

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 347<br />

necessarily involves much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> military history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se posts, and can<br />

better be understood by giving a brief synopsis <strong>of</strong> that history.<br />

"Early in 1862 Johnson's Island became a depot exclusively for rebel<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers AVIIO were held as prisoners <strong>of</strong> war.<br />

"It should be remembered that a cartel for a general exchange <strong>of</strong><br />

prisoners <strong>of</strong> Avar had long been expected, and was finally agreed upon<br />

July 22J 1862. Under that cartel and special arrangement exchanges<br />

went on until July, 1863, and a continuance was expected. This expectation,<br />

with <strong>the</strong> belief <strong>of</strong> general loyalty in <strong>the</strong> north, and <strong>the</strong> want<br />

<strong>of</strong> help in .Canada, had <strong>the</strong>ir legitimate influence on <strong>the</strong> prisoners, and<br />

undoubtedly prevented efforts at outbreak and resistance until late in<br />

<strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1863.<br />

"In <strong>the</strong> spring and summer <strong>of</strong> 1862 <strong>the</strong> garrison on <strong>the</strong> island was<br />

streng<strong>the</strong>ned by one company <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sixty-first Ohio, relieved by one<br />

company <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eighty-eighth. The stoppage <strong>of</strong> exchanges, followed by<br />

<strong>the</strong> assembling <strong>of</strong> considerable forces from <strong>the</strong> rebel army and navy in<br />

Canada, and <strong>the</strong> machinations <strong>of</strong> disloyal organizations in Ohio, Indiana<br />

and elsewhere known to intend to rescue <strong>the</strong>se prisoners with attendant<br />

devastations on <strong>the</strong> lake towns and commerce, showed <strong>the</strong>se posts to be<br />

unsafe Avithout considerable reinforcements. Six companies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

TAvelfth Ohio Cavalry (dismounted), with <strong>the</strong> Twenty-fourth Battery<br />

(six guns), and two detachments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First Ohio Heavy Artillery (with<br />

seven heavy guns) were sent i» <strong>the</strong> island early in November, 1863,<br />

folloAved promptly by <strong>the</strong> Fo/ty-ninth. and Fiftieth Regiments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

National Guard and a Pennsylvania Battery. The Forty-ninth and Fiftieth<br />

remained only eight or ten days, and <strong>the</strong> Pennsylvania Battery<br />

Avas soon relieved. The o<strong>the</strong>r troops remained all winter.<br />

"The First Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Corps, including five<br />

regiments, attended by two brigadier-generals from <strong>the</strong> Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Potomac, reached Sandnsky on <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>of</strong> January, 1864. Four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

regiments, with General Shaler, Avere stationed on <strong>the</strong> island. The o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

regiment, with General H. D. Terry, commanding <strong>the</strong> whole, was at<br />

Sandusky. They all remained until April 14,1864, when three regiments<br />

under General Shaler left to rejoin <strong>the</strong> Sixth Corps. The Twenty-fourth<br />

Battery was stationed in Sandusky, and <strong>the</strong> six cavalry companies left<br />

for Camp Dennison in March. Soon after, <strong>the</strong> six new companies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

TAventy-eighth, pursuant to orders from Washington, were moved to<br />

Sandusky, and on <strong>the</strong> 14th <strong>of</strong> April, 1864, with <strong>the</strong> colonel, were stationed<br />

on <strong>the</strong> island. The whole regiment was thus, for <strong>the</strong> first time,<br />

assembled as one command.<br />

"On <strong>the</strong> 8th <strong>of</strong> May, 1864, Colonel Hill, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and<br />

TAventy-eighth, succeeded General Terry in <strong>the</strong> command, and <strong>the</strong> two<br />

remaining regiments from <strong>the</strong> Sixth Corps moved <strong>of</strong>f to rejoin that<br />

corps. On <strong>the</strong> 12th <strong>of</strong> July, 1864, <strong>the</strong> detachment from <strong>the</strong> First Heavy<br />

Artillery returned to <strong>the</strong>ir regiment, and on <strong>the</strong> 7th <strong>of</strong> August folloAving<br />

<strong>the</strong> TAventy-fourth Battery left for Chicago. O<strong>the</strong>r troops came to <strong>the</strong><br />

island and departed as follo\vs: May 11, <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Seventyfirst<br />

Ohio National Guard; it left June 9th for Cleveland and Kentucky;

348 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

returned June <strong>20</strong>th much reduced, eight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> companies being <strong>the</strong>n<br />

paroled prisoners, not subject to duty; <strong>the</strong>y were mustered- out August<br />

<strong>20</strong>. The One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Ohio National Guard (five hundred<br />

and forty-nine men) reported for duty May 21, and left July 16.<br />

The Eighth Battery Ohio National Guard reported September 22, and<br />

left October 19, and was succeeded by <strong>the</strong> Second Battery Ohio National<br />

Guard, which left November 26. These National Guard troops were<br />

sent to <strong>the</strong> island chiefly as a place <strong>of</strong> rendezvous, equipment and instruction<br />

preparatory to service elseAvhere. On <strong>the</strong> 24th <strong>of</strong> September <strong>the</strong><br />

Sixth Veteran Reserve Corps (five hundred and sixty-three men) from<br />

Washington, reported for duty.<br />

"The One Hundred and TAventy-eighth from <strong>the</strong> time its being first<br />

assembled on <strong>the</strong> island was kept under strict drill and discipline.<br />

"The condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island, and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> docks, roads and barracks<br />

upon it required heavy details <strong>of</strong> Avorking parties to open ways <strong>of</strong> communication<br />

for defense, complete and improve <strong>the</strong> quarters, enlarge <strong>the</strong><br />

prison grounds and accommodations, and improve <strong>the</strong> sanitary condition<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island, Avhich had been much neglected for many months.<br />

"The strength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Twenty-eighth, present for<br />

duty from early in May until late in <strong>the</strong> fall, Avas much reduced by<br />

detachments and heavy details for special duty and necessary Avorking<br />

parties, <strong>the</strong> guard-duty became very severe; <strong>of</strong>ten, and for considerable<br />

periods, requiring <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men remaining for that service<br />

to go on guard duty every o<strong>the</strong>r day.<br />

'' The number <strong>of</strong> prisoners <strong>of</strong> Avar confined on <strong>the</strong> island during <strong>the</strong><br />

year 1864 ranged as follows, varied chiefly by new acquisitions and special<br />

exchanges: January 31, 2,603; February 29, 2,<strong>20</strong>6; March 31, 2,192;<br />

April 30, 2,088; May 31, 2,134; June 30, 2,309; July 31, 2,441; August<br />

31, 2,556; September 30, 2,663; October 31, 2,621; November 30, 2,747;<br />

December 31, 3,<strong>20</strong>9.<br />

"From <strong>the</strong> foregoing table it appears that, <strong>the</strong> average strength <strong>of</strong><br />

prisoners for <strong>the</strong> different years was as follows: Average for 1862, 788;<br />

1863, 1,<strong>20</strong>5; 1864, 2,480.<br />

"In 1865, until discharges on oath <strong>of</strong> allegiance or parole became<br />

more numerous, folloAving <strong>the</strong> surrender <strong>of</strong> Lee's army, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong><br />

prisoners ranged considerably higher, and excepting about one hundred,<br />

<strong>the</strong>y were all <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rebel army and navy, <strong>of</strong> all grades, from<br />

second lieutenant to major-general.<br />

"Here were <strong>of</strong>ficers enough for an army and navy <strong>of</strong> eighty thousand<br />

men. They Avere Avithin a short distance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Canada main, and still<br />

nearer to a Canada island. The prevailing sympathy in Canada was<br />

largely in favor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rebels; and <strong>the</strong>ir every facility and encouragement,<br />

short <strong>of</strong> direct participation in our Avar, was extended to <strong>the</strong> large<br />

rebel force from <strong>the</strong> rebel army and navy maintained in Canada to effect<br />

a rescue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se rebel <strong>of</strong>ficers. If by such efforts war should be<br />

brought on between <strong>the</strong> United States and England a great point would<br />

be gained by <strong>the</strong> rebels. No o<strong>the</strong>r depot <strong>of</strong> prisoners <strong>of</strong> war Avas on a<br />

frontier or exposed like this. During <strong>the</strong> season <strong>of</strong> navigation it could

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 349<br />

be reached from Canada in a few hours' night run, and during <strong>the</strong> winter<br />

season men and teams could conveniently cross <strong>the</strong> lake from island<br />

to island, not over five miles <strong>of</strong> ice intervening in any place. During <strong>the</strong><br />

season <strong>of</strong> ice <strong>the</strong> location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> depot <strong>of</strong> prisoners practically ceased to<br />

be an island. The capture <strong>of</strong> that depot or <strong>the</strong> rescue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prisoners<br />

confined <strong>the</strong>re, Avould not only be <strong>of</strong> immense advantage to <strong>the</strong> rebel<br />

cause and give <strong>the</strong>m great eclat, but Avould be a deep humiliation to our<br />

government and people, and Avould almost certainly be attended by<br />

attacks upon our lake commerce and devastation upon our lake towns.<br />

The'rebel <strong>of</strong>ficers confined at <strong>the</strong> island had a large range <strong>of</strong> acquaintances<br />

and friends in <strong>the</strong> loyal States. For <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> rebel emissaries<br />

traveling in those States, and <strong>the</strong> secret orders known as <strong>the</strong> ' Knights <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Golden Circle' and 'Sons <strong>of</strong> Liberty,' had an especial sympathy, and<br />

Avere anxious to aid <strong>the</strong>m by means <strong>of</strong> rescue, or with places <strong>of</strong> refuge<br />

~and concealment. They had <strong>the</strong> means <strong>of</strong> knoAving each o<strong>the</strong>r. These.<br />

facts, Avith <strong>the</strong> difficulty about exchanges, stimulated machinations for<br />

rescue, front and rear, and kept <strong>the</strong> prisoners constantly on <strong>the</strong> qui<br />

vive, ready for any desperate adventure until after <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> Petersburg.<br />

''<br />

It appears that <strong>the</strong>re AVIIS but a single AA'ell organized attempt to<br />

effect a rescue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prisoners on Johnson's Island, and that attempt<br />

AVIIS made in <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> September, 1864, although prior to that it<br />

AA'as Avell knoAvn that <strong>the</strong> Canadian side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake sAvarmed Avith agents<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rebel government and sympathizing residents, subjects <strong>of</strong> England,<br />

AVIIO AA'ere ever willing to lend aid to <strong>the</strong> Confederate cause in an<br />

under-handed manner, but AA'ere not so Avilling to participate in open,<br />

AA'arlike hostilities.<br />

The plan <strong>of</strong> rescue that led to <strong>the</strong> open attempt on <strong>the</strong> 19th <strong>of</strong> September<br />

AA'as conceived by John Yates Beall.' He Avas to. conduct <strong>the</strong> operations<br />

from <strong>the</strong> Canada side Avhile one Cole Avas entrusted Avith <strong>the</strong> work<br />

<strong>of</strong> gaining <strong>the</strong> confidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers at Sandusky, and particularly<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commanding <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gun-boat Michigan, that lay in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avaters <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Bay in <strong>the</strong> immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island.<br />

The Michigan Avas <strong>the</strong> only Government boat <strong>the</strong>n acting in <strong>the</strong><br />

defense <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island, and AA'ith an ample crew <strong>of</strong> marines, and her<br />

eighteen guns she could repel any attack that might be made, especially<br />

when acting in conjunction Avith <strong>the</strong> guard force <strong>of</strong> infantry and artillery<br />

on <strong>the</strong> island and at Sandusky. The first step, <strong>the</strong>refore, in accomplishing<br />

<strong>the</strong> main undertaking Avas to obtain control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat, and<br />

this was <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> program assigned to Cole. He vyas well remembered<br />

by many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> residents <strong>of</strong> Sandusky as an active and energetic<br />

fellow, possessing education beyond <strong>the</strong> average, a fine conversationalist,<br />

and a royal entertainer. He made a prodigal use <strong>of</strong> his money, with<br />

Avhich commodity he appeared to be abundantly supplied. He dined and<br />

wined <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Michigan and sought 9 to ingratiate himself<br />

wholly in <strong>the</strong>ir favor. But in <strong>the</strong> chivalrous acts <strong>of</strong> this daring young<br />

felloAv he ra<strong>the</strong>r overdid <strong>the</strong> matter, and Yankee cunning proved more<br />

than a match for his arts. When he thought he had <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers just

350 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

about Avhere he Avanted <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> picture reversed, and <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers had<br />

Cole just where <strong>the</strong>y Avanted him, and he fell a prisoner into <strong>the</strong>ir hands<br />

and custody.<br />

Cole arranged a Avine party at <strong>the</strong> time that affairs Avere expected<br />

to culminate, and <strong>the</strong> liquor Avas heavily drugged, but <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers neA'er<br />

partook <strong>of</strong> his bounty, and instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir falling victims to his plans<br />

he himself fell into <strong>the</strong>irs.<br />

The plans <strong>of</strong> Beall Avere equally well formed but through <strong>the</strong> failure<br />

<strong>of</strong> Cole's were also futile as carrying out <strong>the</strong> main effort AVIIS concerned.<br />

Beall, with a feAV rough characters, took passage on <strong>the</strong> steamer Philo<br />

Parsons, as that boat Avas making her passage betAveen Detroit, <strong>the</strong> islands<br />

and Sandusky, and at Maiden, in Canada, twenty o<strong>the</strong>r men also came<br />

aboard having as baggage a heavy and well bound box. This Avas not<br />

an unusual circumstance and nothing Avas thought <strong>of</strong> it. After passing<br />

from <strong>the</strong> landing at Kelley's Island <strong>the</strong> men approached <strong>the</strong> clerk <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> boat, Avho in <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> captain seems to have been in command,<br />

and Avith revolvers pointed at him demanded a surrender. The<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs at once opened <strong>the</strong> box and provided <strong>the</strong>mselves with revolvers<br />

and knives sufficient for a small arsenal. Without much resistance <strong>the</strong><br />

steamer passed into charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> piratical creAV <strong>of</strong> boarders and Avas<br />

turned back foAvard Middle Bass Island, AA'here a landing Avas made.<br />

About this time <strong>the</strong> Island Queen reached <strong>the</strong> dock at Middle Bass,<br />

but no sooner had she touched than she Avas boarded and captured not,<br />

hoAvever, Avithout a stout resistance from her commanding <strong>of</strong>ficer and<br />

<strong>the</strong> engineer, but both' Avere overpoAvered, <strong>the</strong> latter being shot in <strong>the</strong><br />

face. On board <strong>the</strong> Island Queen AVIIS a party <strong>of</strong> about a hundred<br />

recently discharged soldiers on <strong>the</strong>ir journey home, hut being Avithout<br />

arms were poAverless in <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> a score or more <strong>of</strong> heavily loaded<br />

revoh'ers in <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> determined, desperate men. The Queen was<br />

scuttled and sent adrift, after which <strong>the</strong> proAv <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Parsons Avas turned<br />

tOAvard Sandusky Bay. After cruising about for a long time, anxiously<br />

Avatehing for <strong>the</strong> proper signal from <strong>the</strong> land party supposed to have<br />

been successfully organized by Cole, Beall Avanted to make <strong>the</strong> attempt<br />

at rescue AA-ithout <strong>the</strong> assistance <strong>of</strong> Cole's co-operating force, but knoAVing<br />

<strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Michigan's guns, and fearful <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> result. Beall's<br />

desperate CIVAV Aveakened and declined to take <strong>the</strong> chances. Disheartened<br />

and discouraged, <strong>the</strong> daring leader reluctantly put about and made<br />

for <strong>the</strong> Canada side, AA'here <strong>the</strong> steamer Avas abandoned and her former<br />

creAV released from <strong>the</strong>ir temporary imprisonment.<br />

This Avas <strong>the</strong> only open attempt made to effect <strong>the</strong> rescue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers confined on Johnson's Island, and it proA'ed a dismal failure.<br />

What <strong>the</strong> result AA-ould have been, had Cole's effort proved successful/<br />

is wholly a matter <strong>of</strong> speculation. Several prominent citizens <strong>of</strong> Sandusky<br />

were soon after arrested and charged Avith complicity in this<br />

attempt. They Avere temporarily confined on Johnson's Island but<br />

afterwards released. Cole Avas also subsequently released. But Beall<br />

seems to have been less fortunate. He Avas captured near Suspension

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 351<br />

Bridge, on <strong>the</strong> NCAV York side, and taken to NeAV York and confined on<br />

Governor's Island.<br />

Beall Avas charged before a military court Avith <strong>the</strong> seizure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

steamer Philo Parsons; Avith <strong>the</strong> seizure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> steamer Island Queen;<br />

with being a spy in <strong>the</strong> employ <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rebel service, and witli an attempt<br />

to Avreck an express train betAveen Buffalo and Dunkirk, in NeAV York<br />

State, for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> robbery. He Avas tried, found guilty, and<br />

sentenced to be hanged. The day fixed for his execution Avas <strong>the</strong> 18th <strong>of</strong><br />

February, 1865, but that <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> condemned man might have<br />

an opportunity <strong>of</strong> seeing her son once more in life, President Lincoln<br />

granted a respite for six clays. Beall paid <strong>the</strong> penalty <strong>of</strong> his crimes on<br />

<strong>the</strong> 24th day <strong>of</strong> February, 1865, on Governor's Island, in NCAV York Bay.<br />

"Soon after <strong>the</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sixth Veteran Reserve Corps considerable<br />

detachments Avere sent from it for provost and o<strong>the</strong>r duties else-<br />

Avhere, for <strong>of</strong> those AVIIO remained, infirm as many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m Avere by<br />

Avounds and disease, <strong>the</strong> climate and exposure proved too severe, so that<br />

all Avho remained for guard duty did not make good <strong>the</strong> absent detachments<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Twenty-eighth. The Sixth Veteran<br />

Reserve Corps left <strong>the</strong> command early in 1865.<br />

"In vieAV <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> contingencies on <strong>the</strong> frontier, and in order to hold<br />

<strong>the</strong>se posts Avith a less force, <strong>the</strong> United States Engineer Corps, under<br />

under <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avar department, began <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong><br />

three forts in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1864; one on Cedar Point, at' <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky Bay opposite <strong>the</strong> island, and tAvo on <strong>the</strong> island. The expectation<br />

Avas to do this Avork Avith hired labor, but laborers Avere so scarce<br />

that men could not be obtained at <strong>the</strong> Avages <strong>of</strong>fered. At this juncture<br />

<strong>the</strong> colonel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and TAventy-eighth detailed parties<br />

from his regiment Avho did at least tAVO-thirds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avhole Avork including<br />

<strong>the</strong> mechanical part, and completed all three <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forts with <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

magazines and mounted <strong>the</strong> guns. This AA'ork Avas done in <strong>the</strong> most<br />

inclement seasons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year, Avithout extra pay, and at a time Avhen <strong>the</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>r details Avere very heavy. But in this instance, as in all o<strong>the</strong>rs,<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers and men applied <strong>the</strong>mselves to <strong>the</strong> duties before <strong>the</strong>m with an<br />

intelligence and zeal Avhich promptly overcame difficulties and attained<br />

<strong>the</strong> desired result in a A'ery creditable manner.<br />

"Although <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Avas <strong>of</strong>ten scattered<br />

by detachments and much burdened Avith fatigue duty, its drill, including<br />

infantry and a considerable range <strong>of</strong> heavy artillery, AA'as accurate<br />

and thorough, and its equipment, discipline, and constant readiness for<br />

emergencies and service Avherever ordered, gave assurance that it Avould<br />

meet <strong>the</strong> just expectations, from Avhich <strong>the</strong>y had been discharged on<br />

account <strong>of</strong> disability by Avounds or sickness.<br />

" In hastening <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> defenses at Sandusky Bay it Avas<br />

anticipated that <strong>the</strong> regiments Avould soon be relieved by troops <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Veteran Reserve Corps, and that <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Twentyeighth<br />

Avould be sent to join some army in <strong>the</strong> field. Measures Avere<br />

taken to have it ready for such an event. Fortune did not give <strong>the</strong>

352 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

regiment <strong>the</strong> opportunity, as a body, to earn laurels in battle, but it<br />

performed its duty always with faithfulness and efficiency.<br />

"Soon after <strong>the</strong> surrender <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rebel armies in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1865,<br />

<strong>the</strong> prisoners on <strong>the</strong> island were reduced by discharges on parole to about<br />

one hundred and fifty. The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth left <strong>the</strong><br />

island on <strong>the</strong> 10th <strong>of</strong> July, 1865, and was mustered out on <strong>the</strong> 17th at<br />

Camp Chase."<br />

THE SEVENTH INFANTRY<br />

The Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry Avas raised within a very few<br />

days after President Lincoln issued his first call for troops for <strong>the</strong> three<br />

months service. It required but a very short time to recruit a regiment<br />

in this section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, and while <strong>the</strong> sturdy young men <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

Ohio were not anxious for Avar, <strong>the</strong>y were, never<strong>the</strong>less, anxious to do<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir duty. The ranks Avere quickly filled Avith men averaging from<br />

tAventy to twenty-five years <strong>of</strong> age, strong, willing, determined and loyal<br />

young men.<br />

To <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> this regiment Erie County contributed one company,<br />

E. Three companies.were raised at Cleveland, and one each at<br />

Oberlin, Warren, Painesville, VoungstoAvn, NorAvalk, Franklin, Avhich<br />

with <strong>the</strong> Erie County company made a full regiment.<br />

As a, three-months regiment <strong>the</strong> Seventh performed no active service'<br />

on <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> battle. They Avere mustered in on <strong>the</strong> 30fb <strong>of</strong> April,<br />

1861. and rendezvoused at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, until early in<br />

May, Avhen <strong>the</strong>y AA'ent by rail to Camp pennison near <strong>Cincinnati</strong>. Upon<br />

<strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Seventh <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers Avere chosen as folloAvs:<br />

Colonel, Erastus B. Tyler, <strong>of</strong> Ravenna; lieutenant-colonel, William R.<br />

Crcighton. <strong>of</strong> Cleveland; major, John S. Casement, <strong>of</strong> Painesville.<br />

The first duty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> command after <strong>the</strong> election <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers AVIIS to<br />

prepare for active field service, and at this time <strong>the</strong> boys kneAV but little<br />

military tactics, drill and discipline, but before <strong>the</strong>y left Camp Dennison<br />

<strong>the</strong>y AA'ere as Avell prepared for <strong>the</strong> field as any regiment <strong>of</strong> infantry at<br />

<strong>the</strong> front.<br />

But <strong>the</strong> Seventh Infantry never faded <strong>the</strong> enemy as a three-months<br />

regiment. When <strong>the</strong>y Avere well versed in drill, <strong>the</strong>ir came Mr. Lincoln's<br />

call for three hundred thousand men for three years, and <strong>the</strong> Seventh<br />

Regiment, almost to a man, enlisted under that call, and were thus transformed<br />

from <strong>the</strong> three-months to <strong>the</strong> three-years service, and as such<br />

first donned <strong>the</strong> blue. They Avere mustered into <strong>the</strong> United States service<br />

on <strong>the</strong> 19th <strong>of</strong> June, 1861, retaining, substantially, <strong>the</strong>ir former commanding<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers.<br />

After a brief leave^<strong>of</strong> absence at <strong>the</strong>ir homes, <strong>the</strong> men reassembled, at<br />

Camp Dennison, and on <strong>the</strong> 26th <strong>of</strong> June, 1861, started for <strong>the</strong> field,<br />

having been assigned to <strong>the</strong> campaign in West Virginia. None <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

command ever forgot <strong>the</strong> march Qf June 29th, and it Avas this event as<br />

much asrany, that gave <strong>the</strong>m an idea <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hardships that were in store<br />

for <strong>the</strong>m. Their destination AA'as Weston, and <strong>the</strong> object <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> march<br />

Avas <strong>the</strong> hope <strong>of</strong> possessing a goodly sum <strong>of</strong> gold on deposit io a bank at

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 353<br />

that place, Avhich Avas designed to be used for <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> an insane<br />

asylum. The boys got it Avithout meeting any armed opposition.<br />

The regiment <strong>the</strong>n proceeded to Glenville to relieve <strong>the</strong> force at that<br />

point. The first serious engagement in which <strong>the</strong> Seventh participated<br />

Avas <strong>the</strong> battle at Cross Lanes, West Virginia, on <strong>the</strong> 26th <strong>of</strong> August,<br />

1861. Here <strong>the</strong> regiment fought independently, each company taking<br />

a position where <strong>the</strong> most effective service could be rendered; but <strong>the</strong>y<br />

were outnumbered by <strong>the</strong> enemy and slowly driven back, leaving many<br />

killed and wounded upon <strong>the</strong> battlefield. The loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Seventh in this<br />

engagement Avas 1<strong>20</strong> killed, Avounded and missing. The command<br />

became divided and scattered, one portion retiring to Gauley, while <strong>the</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs found <strong>the</strong> Union lines at Charleston several miles down <strong>the</strong> Gauley<br />

River. By. reference to <strong>the</strong> roster <strong>of</strong> Company E it will be seen that<br />

more men were lost by death, wounds or capture than in any o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

single engagement in which that company participated.<br />

The regiment was soon ga<strong>the</strong>red again and went into camp at Gauley.<br />

The effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recent engagement told severely on <strong>the</strong> men and many<br />

were discharged during <strong>the</strong> early days <strong>of</strong> October, One pleasing event,<br />

hoAvever, occurred Avhile encamped at this place, and "that was <strong>the</strong> pre-<br />

354 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

burg, Avhich was accomplished in nine days; and thus Shields' force<br />

Avas joined to McDowell's. On <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>of</strong> May 13th, <strong>the</strong> army Avas<br />

reviewed by President Lincoln and o<strong>the</strong>r Government <strong>of</strong>ficials. Especially<br />

did <strong>the</strong> president desire to see <strong>the</strong> division that had put to flight<br />

<strong>the</strong> great Jackson, <strong>the</strong>refore Shields' command, <strong>the</strong> Seventh among <strong>the</strong>m,<br />

Avas ordered out for inspection.<br />

When Shields withdrew with his forces from <strong>the</strong> Shenandoah Valley,<br />

Jackson with a strong command immediately occupied it, and commenced<br />

a rapid, vigorous movement toAvard <strong>the</strong> nation's capital. This movement<br />

COMMODORE OLIVER HAZARD PERRY<br />

necessitated a change <strong>of</strong> plan on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Union forces, and <strong>the</strong><br />

project to attack Richmond AVIIS for <strong>the</strong> time abandoned, and <strong>the</strong> army<br />

concentrated and .vnt, to head <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> notorious rebel leader, Jackson,<br />

becoming aware <strong>of</strong>Vhis, and not easily entrapped, made a retreat up<br />

<strong>the</strong> valley, closely allowed by Fremont's command. The third and<br />

fourth divisions <strong>of</strong> Shields' brigade had. by this time, reached a point<br />

opposite Port Republic. At five o'clock in <strong>the</strong> morning this battle commenced,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Seventh and <strong>the</strong> Fifth Ohio having <strong>the</strong> heaviest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fight.<br />

Says Reid, "These tAvo regiments fought splendidly' and effectively.<br />

General Tyler, seeing <strong>the</strong> terrible odds against him, and <strong>the</strong> extent <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> enemy's lines, determined to handle his inadequate force with extreme

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 355<br />

caution, and met <strong>the</strong> Avily StoneAvall Avith his own favorite tactics <strong>of</strong><br />

strategy and cunning. Taking advantage <strong>of</strong> a wheat field near <strong>the</strong><br />

enemy's center, he extended his lines from hill to river, and doublequicked<br />

<strong>the</strong> Fifth and Seventh from point to point along <strong>the</strong> line, under<br />

cover <strong>of</strong> some standing wheat, halting at intermediate points to deliver a<br />

galling fire. This Avas kept up for five .long hours, and Avith less than<br />

three thousand muskets, <strong>the</strong> National forces repelled Jackson, with fourteen<br />

thousand veteran rebel troops."<br />

In <strong>the</strong> retreat that followed this sharp fight <strong>the</strong> Seventh AA'as directed<br />

to cover <strong>the</strong> rear as guarding force. This <strong>the</strong>y did gallantly, coming <strong>of</strong>f<br />

<strong>the</strong> field in line, loading as <strong>the</strong>y inarched and frequently sending a<br />

telling volley into <strong>the</strong>,ranks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pursuers. /<br />

In May, 1862, Colonel Tyler Avas promoted to <strong>the</strong> rank <strong>of</strong> brigade<br />

commander and has charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brigade to Avhich <strong>the</strong> Seventh Avas<br />

attached. After <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Port Republic and lying at Little Washington,<br />

that <strong>of</strong>ficer AVIIS ordered to Washington, and <strong>the</strong>reafter General<br />

Geary AVIIS ordered to <strong>the</strong> command <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brigade.<br />

After Port Republic came <strong>the</strong> engagement at Cedar Mountain, Virginia,<br />

on August 9, 1862, and <strong>the</strong> Army <strong>of</strong> Virginia, under Pope, had<br />

again to contend with <strong>the</strong> noted Jackson. The fight commenced at about<br />

3 o'clock in <strong>the</strong> afternoon, and <strong>the</strong> Seventh occupied a position at <strong>the</strong><br />

front Avhere <strong>the</strong> battle Avagcd <strong>the</strong> fiercest; in fact, it Avas a hand to hand<br />

contest in which <strong>the</strong>y were engaged, and AA-IIS continued until night-fall,<br />

Avhen <strong>the</strong>y retired and bivouacked almost upon <strong>the</strong> field. Nei<strong>the</strong>r side<br />

could claim any substantial victory. The ranks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Seventh Avere<br />

fearfully decimated, and out <strong>of</strong> 300 <strong>of</strong> that regiment that entered <strong>the</strong><br />

fight scarcely a single hundred escaped injury in some form. The roster<br />

<strong>of</strong> Company E will SIIOAV IIOAV that command fared.<br />

With <strong>the</strong> approach <strong>of</strong> Lee's army <strong>the</strong> Union forces fell back toAvard<br />

Washington, and on <strong>the</strong> 17th <strong>of</strong> September reached Antietam. During<br />

<strong>the</strong> engagement at that place <strong>the</strong> Seventh Avere on <strong>the</strong> field but not<br />

closely engaged, although some slight losses AA'ere suffered. After <strong>the</strong><br />

battle <strong>the</strong> regiment encamped on Bolivar Heights, and here were received<br />

some <strong>20</strong>0 recruits, but comparatively 1'CAV <strong>of</strong> whom were given to Company<br />

E.<br />

Early in December <strong>the</strong> Seventh Avent into Avinter quarters at Dumfries,<br />

but scarcely had <strong>the</strong>y become settled for a season <strong>of</strong> rest and<br />

recuperation than a troop <strong>of</strong> cavalry and a feAV pieces <strong>of</strong> artillery, under<br />

Stuart, made <strong>the</strong>ir appearance. The camping forces Avere soon prepared<br />

to meet <strong>the</strong> attack, and drove <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> rebels with considerable loss, though<br />

suffering little <strong>the</strong>mselves. So ended <strong>the</strong> campaign in Virginia for <strong>the</strong><br />

year 1862. Five battles Avere participated in by <strong>the</strong> Seventh Regiment,<br />

and in each <strong>the</strong>ir gallantry and bravery received <strong>the</strong> plaudits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Avhole Union people.<br />

The campaign <strong>of</strong> 1863 opened Avith <strong>the</strong> engagement at Chancellorsville,<br />

in which <strong>the</strong> Seventh took an active part, and Avhen <strong>the</strong> Union<br />

forces retired <strong>the</strong>ir retreat was covered by <strong>the</strong> regiment assisted by tAvo<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs. "Its conduct," says Reid, "in this hazardous and responsible

356 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

position and its gallant action in <strong>the</strong> battle, reflected <strong>the</strong> highest honor<br />

on not only <strong>the</strong> regiment, but <strong>the</strong> State from whence it came.'' In this<br />

battle <strong>the</strong> Seventh lost eighty-four men in killed and Avounded.<br />

Gettysburg folloAved Chancellorsville, and although not actively<br />

engaged <strong>the</strong> Seventh Avas kept busy moving to such points as required<br />

streng<strong>the</strong>ning; exposed sometimes to a galling fire, but generally protected<br />

by breastworks. Their loss here was but one man killed and seventeen<br />

wounded. Among <strong>the</strong> regiments sent to quell <strong>the</strong> riots in New York,<br />

occasioned by <strong>the</strong> enforcement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> draft, Avas <strong>the</strong> Seventh Ohio. The<br />

regiment reached Governor's Island and went into camp on <strong>the</strong> 26th <strong>of</strong><br />

August, 1863. The draft being over, <strong>the</strong> Seventh returned to its old<br />

camp on <strong>the</strong> Rapidan, Avhere it remained a feAv\weeks, after Avhich <strong>the</strong><br />

TAvelfth Corps, to which it was attached, was ordered into <strong>the</strong> western<br />

country. The TAvelfth and Eleventh were aftenvarcKconsolidated and<br />

became <strong>the</strong> Twentieth, under command <strong>of</strong> "Fighting Joe Hooker."<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 24th <strong>of</strong> November occurred <strong>the</strong> battle at Lookout Mountain,<br />

Tennessee, and close upon that came Mission Ridge, Tennessee, and Ringgold,<br />

Georgia. The Seventh was in each engagement, but lost most<br />

heavily in <strong>the</strong> latter. During <strong>the</strong> assault Creighton said to his men:<br />

"Boys, we are ordered to take that hill; I Avant to.see you walk right up<br />

to it." And walk <strong>the</strong>y did; straight into <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> death. They we're<br />

repulsed with fearful loss, <strong>the</strong>re being but one commissioned <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Avhole regiment uninjured. Nineteen killed and sixty-one Avounded<br />

was <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> that charge. It occurred near Ringgold, on <strong>the</strong> 27th<br />

<strong>of</strong> November, 1863. Colonel Creighton and Major Crane Avere both<br />

killed.<br />

Worn Avith constant battle and ranks fearfully thinned, <strong>the</strong> Seventh<br />

,-jvent into camp, at Bridgeport, Alabama, Avhere Avith a feAV skirmishes<br />

<strong>of</strong> no importance it remained until May, 1864, when again it was called<br />

into active service in <strong>the</strong> campaign <strong>of</strong> that year. Its first engagement<br />

was at Rocky Face Ridge, from May 5th to <strong>the</strong> ,9th and later at Resaca,<br />

Georgia, from May 13th to 16th. After Resaca had been fought and Avon,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Seventh pursued <strong>the</strong> fleeing rebels until near <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> June.<br />

Then <strong>the</strong> term <strong>of</strong> enlistment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Seventh' expired, and <strong>the</strong>y returned<br />

to <strong>Cincinnati</strong>. Here <strong>the</strong> Fifth and Seventh, former constant companions<br />

in successes and reverses, <strong>the</strong> former from <strong>the</strong> south, and <strong>the</strong> latter from<br />

<strong>the</strong> north part <strong>of</strong> Ohio, parted company. The Seventh proceeded to<br />

Cleveland, AA'here it Avas mustered out <strong>of</strong> service, after an experience in<br />

active service <strong>of</strong> a little more than three years. Col. Erastus B. Tyler<br />

Avas promoted to brigadier-general May <strong>20</strong>, 1862; Lieut-Col. William R.<br />

Creighton AA'as promoted to colonel May <strong>20</strong>,1862, and killed at Ringgold,<br />

Georgia, "November 27,1863; Lieut-Col. Joel F. Asper AVIIS promoted from<br />

captain, Company II, May <strong>20</strong>, 1862, and resigned March 2, 1863; Lieut-<br />

Col. Orris J. Crane Avas promoted to major from captain, Company A,<br />

May 25, 1862, to lieutenant-colonel March 2, 1863, killed at Ringgold,<br />

Georgia, November 27, 1863; Lieut-Col. Samuel MeClellan was promoted<br />

from captain, Company II, December 1, 1863, mustered out with regi-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 357<br />

ment July 8, 1864; Maj. John S. Casement resigned May 23, 1863;<br />

Maj. Frederick A. Seymour resigned March 29, 1864.<br />

THE EIGHTH INFANTRY<br />

"The Eighth Regiment <strong>of</strong> Ohio Volunteer Infantry, like its immediate<br />

predecessor, <strong>the</strong> Seventh, Avas first recruited under <strong>the</strong> President's call<br />

for 75.000 troops "to put doAvn <strong>the</strong> rebellion." But <strong>the</strong> field life and<br />

vicissitudes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eighth AA'ere experienced in a generally different<br />

quarter from those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Seventh, as AA'e find <strong>the</strong>m only engaged in <strong>the</strong><br />

same battles at Winchester, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg.<br />

For, <strong>the</strong> Eighth Infantry <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong> Erie contributed <strong>the</strong> greater<br />

portion <strong>of</strong> Company E. The Avhole regiment Avas recruited between <strong>the</strong><br />

16th and 22d <strong>of</strong> April, 1861, and <strong>the</strong> 29th <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same month found<br />

<strong>the</strong> men at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, aAA'aiting orders to proceed to<br />

<strong>the</strong> front, but this movement Avas not made until July 9, folloAving.<br />

They did, hoAvever, proceed to Camp Dennison on <strong>the</strong> 3d <strong>of</strong> May. The<br />

regimenlal organization Avas completed at Camps Taylor and Dennison,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> boys Avere at once put through "a course <strong>of</strong> sprouts," in order<br />

to make <strong>the</strong>m as Avell informed on drill and military tactics as Avas<br />

needed in field service. While in camp on <strong>the</strong> 22d <strong>of</strong> July, 1861, came<br />

<strong>the</strong> President's call for 5,000 volunteers for three years'service, and in<br />

ansAver to this call <strong>the</strong> Avhole body <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eighth, save only Company I,<br />

enlisted for three years and AA'as mustered into service on <strong>the</strong> 22d, 25th<br />

and 26th <strong>of</strong> June, 1861. On <strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>of</strong> July <strong>the</strong> Eighth left for Grafton,<br />

Virginia, in Avhich region were extensive operations between McClellan<br />

and <strong>the</strong> rebel army under Garnett, <strong>the</strong> former <strong>the</strong>n having much <strong>the</strong><br />

best <strong>of</strong> it.<br />

The first, feAV Aveeks <strong>of</strong> regular army life for <strong>the</strong> Eighth were occupied<br />

in guard and station duty at various points in <strong>the</strong> Allegheny Mountains<br />

and along <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and here <strong>the</strong>y<br />

suffered severely from fever, over 300 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment being at one time<br />

in <strong>the</strong> hospital and unfit for duty.<br />

The Eighth AA'as first engaged at Romney, Virginia, on <strong>the</strong> 23d and<br />

24th <strong>of</strong> September, and aftenvard on <strong>the</strong> 26th <strong>of</strong> October, in Avhich<br />

engagements scA'eral men Avere killed and Avounded, but <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

proved that <strong>the</strong>y had fighting qualities. These brushes ended <strong>the</strong> Avork<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eighth for <strong>the</strong> year 1861, but <strong>the</strong> next year, from January to<br />

December, Avas almost a succession <strong>of</strong> skirmishes, attacks and battles,<br />

<strong>the</strong> most important <strong>of</strong> Avhich were Winchester, Front Royal, Antietam<br />

and Fredericksburg.<br />

Early in January <strong>the</strong> regiment took part in <strong>the</strong> assault on Blue's<br />

Gap. On February 14 <strong>the</strong>y had a sharp but brief fight in Bloomey Gap,<br />

and early in March moA-ed to <strong>the</strong> Shenandoah against <strong>the</strong> rebel army<br />

under StoneAvall Jackson; but preceding that fight <strong>the</strong> Eighth made a<br />

good record in skirmishing at Cedar Creek and Strasburg. This qualification<br />

led <strong>the</strong>? regiment to be deployed as skirmishers on <strong>the</strong> evening<br />

before, and <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>of</strong>, <strong>the</strong> battle at Winchester, but tOAvard evening

358 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>the</strong>y Avere drawn into <strong>the</strong> general engagement<br />

and participated in <strong>the</strong> charge on <strong>the</strong> rebel's right flank, and by AA'hich<br />

<strong>the</strong>y Avere throAvn into confusion and utterly routed. Of <strong>the</strong> Eighth,<br />

companies C, E, D and II Avere engaged in this fight, and about onefourth<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se Avere killed or wounded.<br />

After Winchester Avas fought and Avon our skirmishing regiment,<br />

with <strong>the</strong> army, folloAved up <strong>the</strong> Valley <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Shenandoah, giving fight<br />

to <strong>the</strong> enemy at Woodstock, Mount Jackson, Edinburgh and New Market,<br />

as only an active skirmishing command can do. This was continued<br />

during March and April and a part <strong>of</strong> May, but on <strong>the</strong> 30th <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter<br />

named month, under General Kimball, <strong>the</strong>y participated at Front Royal,<br />

and skirmished a distance <strong>of</strong> eighteen miles. Here was captured <strong>the</strong><br />

notorious female spy, Belle Boyd.<br />

From Front Royal <strong>the</strong> brigade to which <strong>the</strong> Eighth Avas attached<br />

moved to Harrison's Landing, having daily skirmishes in <strong>the</strong> march.<br />

Arrived at this place <strong>the</strong> regiment Avas placed in <strong>the</strong> second corps, in<br />

Kimball's brigade and French's division. This corps acted as rear guard<br />

to <strong>the</strong> army during <strong>the</strong> retreat across <strong>the</strong> Chickahominy, <strong>the</strong>nce <strong>the</strong>y proceeded<br />

to Alexandria. The Eighth acted Avith <strong>the</strong> supporting line at<br />

South Mountain, but not actively, but crossed <strong>the</strong> mountain and skirmished<br />

with <strong>the</strong> enemy at Boonsboro and Reedyville.<br />

Antietam Avas fought on September 17, 1862. "In <strong>the</strong> advance,"<br />

says Reid, "Kimball's Brigade formed <strong>the</strong> third time, Morris and Max<br />

Weber's preceding. They struck <strong>the</strong> rebel line and were driven back,<br />

Avhen Kimball advanced at a double-quick, carrying <strong>the</strong> line handsomely.<br />

aiuhholding it for four hours, and until firing ceased in front. During<br />

this time SedgAvick Avas driven back on <strong>the</strong> right, which made it necessary<br />

for <strong>the</strong> Fourteenth Indiana and <strong>the</strong> Eighth Ohio to change front, which<br />

**Avas done most gallantly, and saved <strong>the</strong> brigade from rout. General<br />

Sumner pronounced Kimball's <strong>the</strong> 'Gibraltar Brigade!' "<br />

After Antietam <strong>the</strong> regiment Avas constantly on skirmish duty at<br />

HulltOAvn, Snicker's Gap, United States Ford, in <strong>the</strong> reconnoissaiiee to<br />

Leesburg and elseAvhere, and <strong>the</strong>n engaged in <strong>the</strong> terrible battle at Fredericksburg,<br />

Virginia* December 13, 1862, Avhere a loss <strong>of</strong> thirty-seven Avas<br />

sustained, after Avhich <strong>the</strong> Eighth remained in camp during <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> winter, but early in May participated in <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Chancellorsvillojf<br />

where it AA'as under constant fire for nearly four days, but lost only<br />

thirteen killed and Avounded.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> Gettysburg campaign <strong>the</strong> regiment AVIIS as actively engaged<br />

as in any <strong>of</strong> its numerous battles. In that engagement, on <strong>the</strong> afternoon<br />

<strong>of</strong> July 2d, it AA'as throAvn forward beyond <strong>the</strong> Eminetsburg Road, to<br />

drive <strong>the</strong> rebel sharpshooters from a knoll, from which <strong>the</strong>y Avere rapidly<br />

picking <strong>of</strong>f men. At double-quick <strong>the</strong> position Avas taken and held during<br />

<strong>the</strong> remainder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fight, notAvithstiinding <strong>the</strong> fact that three separate<br />

assaults AA'ere made against it, once by a force three regiments strong.<br />

Besides this <strong>the</strong> Eighth rendered General Hay's division effective service.<br />

Gettysburg cost <strong>the</strong> Eighth Regiment over 100 men in killed and<br />

Avounded.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 359<br />

In August, after pursuing and skirmishing with Lee's retreating army,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Eighth received much needed rest and quiet in a trip to New York<br />

City to assist in quelling <strong>the</strong> draft riots <strong>the</strong>n raging. *<br />

Returning to <strong>the</strong> field <strong>the</strong> regiment joined <strong>the</strong> army at Culpeper,<br />

and participated in <strong>the</strong> operations and engagements at Auburn and<br />

Bristow Station, both in October, and at Robinson's Cross Roads, Locust<br />

Grove and Nine Run, <strong>the</strong> latter three in November, 1863.<br />

The operations <strong>of</strong> 1864 were no less active with <strong>the</strong> Eighth Ohio.<br />

They opened <strong>the</strong> last six months <strong>of</strong> army service with <strong>the</strong> battle at Morton's<br />

Ford, on February 6th, after which <strong>the</strong>y next participated in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Wilderness fight, occupying a prominent position supporting <strong>the</strong><br />

right. They recaptured a section <strong>of</strong> a battery that <strong>the</strong> Sixth Corps<br />

had lost. On <strong>the</strong> 6th <strong>of</strong> May <strong>the</strong>y Avere engaged during <strong>the</strong> entire day,<br />

while on <strong>the</strong> 7th, 8th and 9th <strong>the</strong>y again showed <strong>the</strong>ir remarkable ability<br />

for successful skirmishing. Again at Po River and Spottsylvania Courthouse<br />

from <strong>the</strong> 10th to <strong>the</strong> 18th <strong>the</strong> regiment was closely engaged, and<br />

lost heavily <strong>of</strong> its few remaining though determined men.<br />

From Spottsylvania Courthouse to Petersburg <strong>the</strong> Eighth was constantly<br />

on <strong>the</strong> move, at NorfR Anna River, Cold Harbor and elsewhere;<br />

noAV at close quarters, again on <strong>the</strong> skirmish line,, wherever <strong>the</strong>y Avere<br />

ordered, <strong>the</strong>y went and did as <strong>the</strong>y were ordered unflinchingly, and<br />

Avithout a murmur <strong>of</strong> discontent.<br />

At Petersburg, from June 15th to <strong>the</strong> 19th, <strong>the</strong>y were on <strong>the</strong> field<br />

or in <strong>the</strong> trenches. In <strong>the</strong> latter place Avere <strong>the</strong>y when <strong>the</strong>ir term <strong>of</strong><br />

enlistment expired, June 25, 1864.<br />

They <strong>the</strong>n returned home, receiving ovations and receptions at several<br />

places along <strong>the</strong> line. The Eighth was mustered out <strong>of</strong> service on <strong>the</strong><br />

13th <strong>of</strong> July, 1864.<br />

Those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment AATIOSC term did not expire in June Avere consolidated<br />

Avith <strong>the</strong> Fourth Regiment <strong>of</strong> Infantry and became <strong>the</strong> "Fourth<br />

Battalion Ohio Infantry," and were mustered out in July, 1865.<br />

THE TAA'ENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY<br />

The TAventy-fourth Regiment <strong>of</strong> Ohio Volunteer Infantry Avas organized<br />

at Camps Chase and Jackson during <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> May and<br />

<strong>the</strong> early part <strong>of</strong> June, 1861. To its formation no less than eleven<br />

counties made a contribution <strong>of</strong> men, young men most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, strong<br />

and active. The Comity <strong>of</strong> Erie sent into this command a large contingent<br />

<strong>of</strong> Company E. The greater portion <strong>of</strong> this company Avas enlisted<br />

in June, 1861, but recruits Avere received during 1863 and 1864.<br />

Although Hie regiment entered <strong>the</strong> service in June, it AA'as not until<br />

about <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> September folloAving that it engaged in its first<br />

battle. During <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> July <strong>the</strong> TAA'enty-fourth left camp<br />

for Cheat Mountain, Virginia, Avbere.<strong>the</strong>y encamped and prepared for<br />

guard duty. The enemy Avere within a short marching distance and picket<br />

firing and skirmishing AA'ere not infrequent.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>of</strong> September 12th <strong>the</strong> regiment Avas surrounded by

360 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>the</strong> rebel forces and barely escaped capture. Lack <strong>of</strong> proper vigilance<br />

was <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong> disaster. But <strong>the</strong> boys soon rallied and formed a line <strong>of</strong><br />

battle and made a stout and successful resistance, but not without some<br />

loss in killed and wounded. The roster will disclose <strong>the</strong> fact that as<br />

many <strong>of</strong> Company C AA'ere killed or Avounded at Cheat Mountain as in<br />

any o<strong>the</strong>r place, excepting possibly Chickamauga, Georgia.<br />

The Twenty-fourth was next engaged at Greenbrier, Virginia, on' <strong>the</strong><br />

3d <strong>of</strong> October, where <strong>the</strong>y were exposed to a heavy fire, but for all <strong>of</strong><br />

that <strong>the</strong>ir loss Avas inconsiderable, two being killed and three Avounded.<br />

This ended <strong>the</strong> fighting for 1861. The regiment proceeded to Louisville,<br />

Kentucky, arriving <strong>the</strong>re on <strong>the</strong> 28th <strong>of</strong> November. While here <strong>the</strong><br />

Twenty-fourth was attached to <strong>the</strong> Fourth Division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tenth Brigade<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio.<br />

Late in February, 1862, <strong>the</strong> command reached Nashville, Tennessee,<br />

Avhere it remained some Aveeks, and <strong>the</strong>n proceeded to Savannah, reaching<br />

that place on April 5th, much Avorn and fatigued by marching over heavy<br />

roads and Avading through streams and marshes.<br />

The regiment next participated in <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Pittsburg Landing,<br />

losing thirty killed and Avounded, and aftenvard skirmished Avith <strong>the</strong><br />

enemy on <strong>the</strong> march tOAvard Corinth, which latter place <strong>the</strong> TAventyfourth<br />

Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first regiments to occupy. In October <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

was assigned to <strong>the</strong> Fourth Division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> TAventy-first Army Corps.<br />

At Perryville,, on <strong>the</strong> 8th, it Avas present on <strong>the</strong> field but not actively<br />

engaged.<br />

In December General Roseerans moved tOAvard Nashville. The<br />

TAA'enty-fourth was in an exceedingly unfortunate condition. Company<br />

A was on detached duty, and <strong>the</strong> balance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> command numbered less<br />

than 350 serviceable men, sickness, discharges for disability, transfers,<br />

losses and desertions having reduced <strong>the</strong> regiment to that number. IIOAVever,<br />

with that strength <strong>the</strong> TAventy-fourth Avent into <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Stone<br />

River, Tennessee, on <strong>the</strong> last day <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year 1862. It was given an<br />

important position in this battle, and held firmly, doing excellent Avork,<br />

but losing heavily, <strong>the</strong>re being nearly ninety lost in killed and Avounded,<br />

or about one-fourth its entire strength. Next came Woodbury, on <strong>the</strong><br />

24th <strong>of</strong> January, Avith but slight loss.<br />

No fur<strong>the</strong>r important battle Avas participated in by <strong>the</strong> regiment,<br />

until <strong>the</strong> Chickamauga engagement, in which it also lost a number <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers and men. After this Avas over Colonel Higgins and Major<br />

McClure Avere "permitted" to resign from service. At Lookout Mountain,<br />

November 24,1863, at Mission Ridge, November 25, and at Taylor's<br />

Ridge, Virginia, NoA'ember 27, <strong>the</strong> regiment Avas engaged in battle, after<br />

Avhich it AVIIS assigned to <strong>the</strong> Second Division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fourth Corps. The<br />

final battle in which it participated Avas at Buzzard Roost, on Rocky Face<br />

Ridge, on February 25-27, 1864. and in April folloAving was sent to<br />

Chattanooga to aAvait orders to muster out. In June it proceeded to<br />

Columbus and AVIIS, excepting Company D, mustered out by companies,<br />

at different dates, from June 17 to 24, by reason <strong>of</strong> expiration <strong>of</strong> term

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 361<br />

<strong>of</strong> service. Company C was mustered out on June 22 by J. M. Eyster,<br />

captain Eighteenth Infantry United States Army.<br />

THE FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY<br />

To <strong>the</strong> numerical strength <strong>of</strong> this regiment Erie County contributed<br />

as largely as to any represented by <strong>the</strong> county in <strong>the</strong> three years service.<br />

Companies A, C, D and I AA'ere recruited in this and Huron counties,<br />

while <strong>the</strong> field and staff <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment AA'ere also in part composed <strong>of</strong><br />

men from <strong>the</strong> sections named.<br />

The regiment Avas raised during <strong>the</strong> months <strong>of</strong> September, October<br />

and November, 1861, and rendezvoused at NorAvalk, <strong>the</strong> county seat <strong>of</strong><br />

Huron County. It Avas not until <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> January, 1862, that<br />

<strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth broke camp at NorAvalk and proceeded to Grafton, West<br />

Virginia, Avhere it remained for a short time, and <strong>the</strong>nce Avent to NCAV<br />

Creek. Here <strong>the</strong> men experienced some severe marching service and<br />

engaged in a brisk skirmish at Moorefield, but in February <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

returned to Grafton.<br />

Like all commands <strong>of</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn troops, unused to <strong>the</strong> cliinate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

South, <strong>the</strong> men <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth suffered severely from contagious and<br />

infectious diseases; many died and o<strong>the</strong>rs AA'ere rendered Avholly unfit<br />

for active service.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> April <strong>the</strong> regiment, except companies D,<br />

E and G, moved with Schenck's Brigade, to which it Avas attached, to<br />

McDoAvell, in <strong>the</strong> battle* at AA'hich place <strong>the</strong>y AA'ere engaged, acting in<br />

support <strong>of</strong> a battery and not under heavy fire. At Cross Keys <strong>the</strong><br />

regiment Avas on <strong>the</strong> field but not engaged. After this <strong>the</strong>y moved to"<br />

MiddletOAvn, near Winchester, Avhere <strong>the</strong> regiment AVIIS brigaded with <strong>the</strong><br />

TAventy-fifth, Seventy-third and Seventy-fifth Ohio regiments and AA'as<br />

attached to General Schenck's Division.<br />

On August 9. 1862, <strong>the</strong> brigade participated in <strong>the</strong> fight at Cedar<br />

Mountain and suffered some loss. Again at <strong>the</strong> Second Bull Run, on <strong>the</strong><br />

30th <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same month, <strong>the</strong>y lay in support <strong>of</strong> a battery when <strong>the</strong><br />

rebels appeared on <strong>the</strong>ir flank, Avith whom <strong>the</strong>y at once engaged and<br />

continued until dark AVhen <strong>the</strong> Avhole line fell back to CentreA'ille. After<br />

this <strong>the</strong> regiment Avent into camp for a feAV days on Munson's Hill, but<br />

on September 22 returned to Centreville. From this point a number <strong>of</strong><br />

reconnoissances Avere made but no general engagement AA'as participated<br />

in until <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Chanccllorsville, May 2, 1863, with <strong>the</strong> Eleventh<br />

Corps, to Avhich it had been assigned. In <strong>the</strong> Chancellorsville fight <strong>the</strong><br />

Fifty-fifth lost 153 men in killed and AA'ounded and missing. The regiment<br />

AVIIS <strong>the</strong>n assigned to <strong>the</strong> Second Brigade <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Second Division<br />

and so remained until <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> its terms <strong>of</strong> service.<br />

From Brook's Station <strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth. Avith its brigade, marched to<br />

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where it again AA'as engaged, first being<br />

posted onVemetery Hill; hut afterAvard moving to <strong>the</strong> left <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Baltimore<br />

Pike?L While not in <strong>the</strong> regular battle line, <strong>the</strong> regiment AA'as<br />

continually exposed to a severe fire and lost fifty men. The regiment

362 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

joined in pursuit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> retreating rebel forces for some days and on<br />

July 25th Avent into camp at Catlett's Station, Avhen it Avas assigned to<br />

picket duty.<br />

In September <strong>the</strong> Eleventh and Twelfth Corps left camp, and by a<br />

series <strong>of</strong> movements by rail and marching, reached <strong>the</strong> battle ground <strong>of</strong><br />

Mission Ridge, vvhere <strong>the</strong>y Avere engaged on November 25, and suffered<br />

a slight loss, <strong>the</strong>ir position being on <strong>the</strong> extreme left. After this <strong>the</strong><br />

Fifty-fifth entered on <strong>the</strong> Knoxville campaign. This Avas made in <strong>the</strong><br />

dead <strong>of</strong> Avinter, without tents or blankets. On <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> January following<br />

<strong>the</strong> Knoxville campaign 319 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth reenlisted,<br />

and thus became veterans. They Avere granted an extended<br />

leave <strong>of</strong> absence, and it Avas not until early in March, 1864, that <strong>the</strong>y<br />

again encamped in <strong>the</strong> Lookout Valley. At about this time <strong>the</strong> Eleventh<br />

and Twelfth Army corps Avere consolidated and denominated <strong>the</strong> Twentieth,<br />

<strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth formed a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Third Brigade <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Third Division.<br />

Then commenced <strong>the</strong> Atlanta campaign, and in it <strong>the</strong> regiment participated.<br />

The month <strong>of</strong> May Avitnessed a succession <strong>of</strong> active operations,<br />

commencing with <strong>the</strong> affair at Buzzard's Roost Gap, Georgia, on <strong>the</strong><br />

5th; again on <strong>the</strong> 15th came <strong>the</strong> engagement at Resaca, Avhere <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

Avas under heavy fire and lost nearly 100 men. From May 19 to<br />

to <strong>the</strong> early part <strong>of</strong> June <strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth Avere in a series <strong>of</strong> maneuvers<br />

about Cassville, Dallas, NCAV Hope Church and Marietta, and <strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>of</strong><br />

June found <strong>the</strong>m engaged in <strong>the</strong> operations at Kenesaw Mountain,<br />

Avhich continued during <strong>the</strong> best part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> month.<br />

The month <strong>of</strong> July found <strong>the</strong> brigade to which <strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth belonged<br />

engaged in <strong>the</strong> movements and battle at Chattalioochie River, on<br />

<strong>the</strong> 12th, and also at Peach Tree Creek on <strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>th. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>the</strong>y<br />

participated in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r operations just prior to and during ttie siege <strong>of</strong><br />

Atlanta. This latter occupied from July 28 to September 2, 1864, and<br />

about this time <strong>the</strong> city was occupied and comfortable quarters found<br />

for <strong>the</strong> men. When <strong>the</strong> regiment left Lookout Valley to enter upon this<br />

campaign it numbered about 400 men fit for service, but in <strong>the</strong> events<br />

that followed up to <strong>the</strong> time that Atlanta was occupied, that number Avas<br />

reduced by about one-half, so that <strong>the</strong> entire available force amounted<br />

to less than <strong>20</strong>0. About <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> November <strong>the</strong> regiment received<br />

drafted men, substitutes, and some recruits, numbering in all some <strong>20</strong>0,<br />

and about this time those AATIO Avere not veterans AA'ere mustered out.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 15th <strong>of</strong> November <strong>the</strong> brigade left Atlanta and took up <strong>the</strong><br />

line <strong>of</strong> march tOAvard <strong>the</strong> sea. On <strong>the</strong> 21st <strong>of</strong> December rTarrived at<br />

Savannah, and Avent into camp on <strong>the</strong> nortliAvest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city. Here it<br />

remained until <strong>the</strong> early part <strong>of</strong> January, 1865, AAiien it nioA'ed to <strong>the</strong><br />

opposite side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river.<br />

In March commenced, <strong>the</strong> campai£n-<strong>of</strong>-~flie Carolinas. and on <strong>the</strong> 16th<br />

and 19th <strong>the</strong> regiment encountered <strong>the</strong> enemy at Smith's farm, and lost, in<br />

<strong>the</strong> tAvo fights, about fifty men. On <strong>the</strong> 24th Goldsboro Avas reached, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> troops passed in review before <strong>the</strong>ir gallant commander, General<br />

Sherman. From Goldsboro <strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth went to Raleigh, and on <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 36J<br />

30th commenced <strong>the</strong> return to Washington. Richmond was reached Maj<br />

11th, and on <strong>the</strong> 18th <strong>the</strong> regiment encamped near Alexandria. On thi<br />

24th it crossed Long Bridge and participated in <strong>the</strong> grand review, aftei<br />

Avhich it Avent into camp near Washington. Upon <strong>the</strong> disbanding <strong>of</strong> thi<br />

TAventieth Corps, <strong>the</strong> Ohio regiments belonging to it were organized inti<br />

a provisional brigade and Avere assigned to <strong>the</strong> Fourteenth Corps. Oi<br />

<strong>the</strong> 10th <strong>of</strong> June <strong>the</strong>y proceeded to Louisville, Kentucky, and here, oi<br />

<strong>the</strong> 11th <strong>of</strong> July, <strong>the</strong> Fifty-fifth AA'as mustered out <strong>of</strong> service.<br />

Three and one-half years <strong>of</strong> army life told seriously against th<<br />

Fifty-fifth. From all sources it received during this time 1,350 men<br />

and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se 750 were ei<strong>the</strong>r killed or wounded. Ten <strong>of</strong>ficers wen<br />

Avounded and eight AA'ere ei<strong>the</strong>r killed or died from wounds. The regi<br />

merit Avas engaged in about thirty battles or skirmishes, <strong>of</strong> greater oi<br />

less severity, <strong>the</strong> more prominent <strong>of</strong> which were McDowell, Virginia<br />

May 8, 1862, and <strong>the</strong>reafter at Cross Keys, Cedar Mountain, <strong>the</strong> Seconc<br />

Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Orchard Knob<br />

Tennessee, Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Roost Gap, siege <strong>of</strong> Atlanta, Tur<br />

ner's Ferry, Savannah, Arnysboro, Resaca, Cassville, Kenesaw Mountain<br />

Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek and Bentonville. This list <strong>of</strong><br />

battles is credited <strong>the</strong> regiment in <strong>the</strong> work entitled "Roster <strong>of</strong> Ohic<br />

Soldiers."<br />

THE SIXTY-FOURTH INFANTRY<br />

This regiment formed a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sherman Brigade. It was<br />

organized and recruited at Mansfield during <strong>the</strong> summer and fall months<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1861. In several companies <strong>of</strong> Hie__cegimcpt Avere men from Eric<br />

County, although no considerabh/portion <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r company Avas from<br />

here.<br />

At. Nashville, Tennessee, <strong>the</strong> Sixty-fourth joined <strong>the</strong> national forces.<br />

Its first lively battle Avas fonght at Pittsburg Landing on <strong>the</strong> 7th <strong>of</strong><br />

April, and even here but a p^irt <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment AVIIS engaged, General<br />

Garfield commanding <strong>the</strong> brigade. It participated in <strong>the</strong> events just<br />

preceding and in <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Corinth, and aftenvard built Fort Harker,<br />

at Stevenson. It joined in pursuit <strong>of</strong> Bragg in August, and Avas <strong>the</strong>n<br />

repulsed in a battle with <strong>the</strong> rebels at Munfordsville*. The next important<br />

battle Avas at Stone River, Avhere <strong>the</strong> regiment AA'as attached to<br />

Crittenden's Corps and Wood's Division. In this fight it AA'as more or<br />

less .closely engaged for three days and lost about seventy-fiA'e men tn<br />

killed and Avounded. For some days preceding Ch^kamauga it Avas skirmishing<br />

frequently^-alid in <strong>the</strong> main battle was closely engaged during<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avhole day on <strong>the</strong> 19th <strong>of</strong> September. It here lost over 100 in killed,<br />

wounded and missing. On November 25th it was engaged- at Missftoi-<br />

Ridge with but slight loss. In January, 1864, about three-fourths <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> regiment A'eteranized, after Avhich <strong>the</strong> men returned home, on a<br />

thirty days' furlough. /~" s "^_/ /<br />

The regiment joined Sherman's army ar»d participated in <strong>the</strong> charge<br />

at Rocky E,ace Ridge. Loss, ty'enty-one killed and sixty-five wounded.<br />

Next came Resaca, on June 14th, and <strong>the</strong>reafter daily.skirmishing until

364 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>th <strong>of</strong> July, at which time it took part in <strong>the</strong> fight at Peach Tree<br />

Creek. Until <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> August <strong>the</strong> regiment was almost daily<br />

under fire. It next engaged at Jonesboro, September 3d, and <strong>the</strong>n at<br />

Lovejoy Station on <strong>the</strong> 6th.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> Atlanta, <strong>the</strong> Sixty-fourth encamped in <strong>the</strong> city, but<br />

tAvo Aveeks later, with <strong>the</strong> Fourth Corps, joined in pursuit <strong>of</strong> Hood's<br />

forces as far as Chattanooga. Here 400 recruits were added to <strong>the</strong><br />

regiment and <strong>the</strong> veterans Avere paid <strong>of</strong>f. After following Hood about<br />

fifty miles south <strong>of</strong> Chattanooga <strong>the</strong> regiment returned to that point,<br />

after which it Avas sent to A<strong>the</strong>ns, Alabama, and <strong>the</strong>nce marched to<br />

Pulaski and Spring Hill, at Avhich latter place it had ano<strong>the</strong>r sharp<br />

tight. From Spring Hill <strong>the</strong> regiment marched to Franklin, Tennessee,<br />

and engaged in <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>the</strong>re with heavy loss. After that it returned<br />

to Nashville and was engaged in sorties and battles before that city.<br />

It <strong>the</strong>n pursued Hood again and finally Avent into camp at Huntsville,<br />

but soon left and moved to Decatur and A<strong>the</strong>ns, remaining about tAvo<br />

months and <strong>the</strong>n returned to Huntsville; <strong>the</strong>nce into East Tennessee and<br />

soon after returned to Nashville. From <strong>the</strong> latter place it AVIIS sent to<br />

NCAV Orleans, AA'here many died from sickness. About <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong><br />

September, 1865, <strong>the</strong> Sixty-fourth Avent to Victoria, Texas, Avhere on <strong>the</strong><br />

3d <strong>of</strong> December following <strong>the</strong> men Avere paid <strong>of</strong>f, discharged and sent<br />

home.<br />

THE SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY<br />

The Sixty-fifth Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiments raised at Mansfield, and<br />

knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> "Sherman brigade," having been recruited mainly through<br />

<strong>the</strong> efforts <strong>of</strong> Hon. John Sherman. It AVIIS organized at Camp Buckingham,<br />

and Avas mustered into service on <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> December, 1861.<br />

Erie County Avas represented in this regiment by about thirty-five<br />

men, nearly all <strong>of</strong> whom Avere members <strong>of</strong> Company G, Avhile a few<br />

and only a feAV, Avere scattered through o<strong>the</strong>r companies.<br />

The army life and experiences <strong>of</strong> this regiment, according to WhitelaAv<br />

Reid, in his "Ohio in <strong>the</strong> War," Avere as follows: "The regiment<br />

left Mansfield for active duty on <strong>the</strong> 18th <strong>of</strong> December, and moved by<br />

way <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, to Louisville, Ky., AA'here it remained for a Aveek. and^<br />

<strong>the</strong>n inarched to Camp Morton, arriving <strong>the</strong>re on <strong>the</strong> 30th. The Sixty^<br />

fifth Avas assigned to a brigade composed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>-S-ixtyJ^urth and Sixtyfifth<br />

Ohio, <strong>the</strong> Fifty-first Indiana and Ninth Kentucky. Colonel Darker,<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sixty-fifth, commanded <strong>the</strong> brigade, and General Wood <strong>the</strong><br />

division." «i<br />

On January 13, 1862, <strong>the</strong> brigade broke camp and proceeded to Hall's<br />

Gap, arriving <strong>the</strong>re on <strong>the</strong> 24th. Avhen it Avas at once placed at Avork to<br />

corduroy <strong>the</strong> roads. O^L account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> SAvampy, miasmatic nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

country many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meta fell sick and died. On February 7 <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

left this place and I larched to Lebanon, Avhere by rail it proceeded<br />

to Green River, and remained in camp at Munfordsville until <strong>the</strong> 23d,<br />

after which it Avent toymishville, arriving <strong>the</strong>re on March 13th, tired and

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 365<br />

worn from having marched over obstructed roads and carrying baggage<br />

over places impassable for <strong>the</strong> loaded wagons.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> March, with General Garfield commanding <strong>the</strong><br />

brigade, <strong>the</strong> regiment again took up <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> march by way <strong>of</strong> Columbia<br />

to Savannah, and <strong>the</strong>nce by steamer to Pittsburg Landing, at which place<br />

a fight Avas in progress, but <strong>the</strong> Sixty-fifth was not engaged though on<br />

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UNION STATE TICKET<br />

-<strong>the</strong> field. FolloAving close upon this event came <strong>the</strong> siege <strong>of</strong> Corinth, in<br />

Avhich <strong>the</strong> regiment participated, being under fire much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time and<br />

meeting Avith some loss. After <strong>the</strong> enemy evacuated <strong>the</strong> place <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

moved to Bridgeport, and Avas assigned to guard duty along <strong>the</strong><br />

Tennessee River, until <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> August, Avhen it joined in<br />

pursuit <strong>of</strong> Bragg's retreating forces, and finally reached Perryville late<br />

in September. A week later it marched to Nashville. At this place

366 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>the</strong> army was reorganized, <strong>the</strong> Sixty-fifth holding its place in <strong>the</strong><br />

brigade, with Colonel Ilarker in command. On December 26th <strong>the</strong> brigade<br />

moved on <strong>the</strong> Nashville Pjke, fighting its Avay into Lavergne, across<br />

Stewart's Creek, and up to Stone River. On'<strong>the</strong> 29th, at night, <strong>the</strong><br />

regiment forded <strong>the</strong> river, armpit deep, in <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> a galling fire,<br />

and gained <strong>the</strong> opposite bank, where <strong>the</strong>y formed and engaged <strong>the</strong><br />

enemy; but supporting troops, failing to arrive, <strong>the</strong>y were forced to<br />

retire, wlik-h was done in good order. The men lay on <strong>the</strong>ir arms all<br />

night, and early <strong>the</strong> next day moved to <strong>the</strong> support <strong>of</strong> McCook's Corps,<br />

which was having much <strong>the</strong> worst <strong>of</strong> it in a fierce battle. For eight<br />

hours <strong>the</strong> regiment was engaged before <strong>the</strong> enemy was finally put to<br />

rout. The loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sixty-fifth in this engagement amounted to nearly<br />

175 killed, wounded and •missing. Forty <strong>of</strong>ficers and men were killed.<br />

Stone Uivcr was <strong>the</strong> most destructive battle in which <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

participated.<br />

At Chickainauga, on September 19th and <strong>20</strong>th, <strong>the</strong> regiment was again<br />

engaged, but on <strong>the</strong> last named day retreated to Mission Ridge, <strong>the</strong>nce<br />

fell back to Chattanooga, at which latter place, on November 2.'!-25, it<br />

was again closely engaged and lost heavily, <strong>the</strong>re being in killed, wounded<br />

and missing no less than 100 men. Added to this was <strong>the</strong> loss in <strong>the</strong><br />

battle at Mission Ridge, on <strong>the</strong> 25th, in which thirteen were killed and<br />

two wounded.<br />

The regiment next participated in <strong>the</strong> Atlanta campaign, and was<br />

engaged at Rocky Face Ridge, May 5-9, 1864; at Adairsville, May 17th,<br />

18th ; at New Hope Church, May 28th; at Kenesaw Mountain, from June<br />

9th to .'H)th, losing ten in killed and wounded ; at Big Shanty, on June 28th;<br />

at Peach Tree Creek, with a loss <strong>of</strong> four killed, one wounded and one missing.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> siege <strong>of</strong> Atlanta <strong>the</strong>. regiment was also engaged. It<br />

participated in <strong>the</strong> flanking movement to Jonesboro, and from <strong>the</strong>re<br />

advanced to Lovejoy. After <strong>the</strong> rebels evacuated Atlanta <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

returned to that place and went into camp. Three weeks later it joined<br />

in pursuit <strong>of</strong> Hood. It marched to Mission Ridge and <strong>the</strong>nce by rail<br />

went to Alpine, Georgia. After four days <strong>of</strong> rest it again moved to<br />

Chattanooga, and did guard duty along a line <strong>of</strong> railroad near <strong>the</strong> Tennessee<br />

River. On November 29th it participated in <strong>the</strong> battle at Springfield,<br />

losing forty-one killed, wounded, captured and missing. Again, on<br />

<strong>the</strong> IJOtb, at Franklin, it was engaged with a loss <strong>of</strong> forty-two men.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> !kl <strong>of</strong> October <strong>the</strong> non-veterans were discharged and sent home.<br />

This left <strong>the</strong> Sixty-fifth with only P50 available men. The last battle<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment was fought at Nashville, Tennessee, on <strong>the</strong> 15th and 16th<br />

<strong>of</strong> December, 1864, and after following <strong>the</strong> defeated rebels for some time<br />

returned to <strong>the</strong> city and went into camp.<br />

In Jiutc, 1865, <strong>the</strong> regiment moved from Nashville to Johnsonville,<br />

Avhen it embarked on transports for New Orleans. It remained here for<br />

several weeks, and was <strong>the</strong>n ordered to Texas, Avhere it performed garrison<br />

duty at San Antonio until December, 1865, when it was ordered to<br />

Camp Chase, Ohio, and was mustered out, paid and discharged, on <strong>the</strong><br />

2d day <strong>of</strong> January, 1866.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 367<br />

THE SEVENTY-SECOND INFANTRY<br />

This regiment in <strong>the</strong> main was recruited in <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong> Sandusky,<br />

Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, H, and I being'raised almost wholly in<br />

that county, while Company G, and a very small contingent <strong>of</strong> Companies<br />

II and A were recruited in Erie County. Company K was principally<br />

from Medina County, and a few men in C and E were from Wood<br />

County.<br />

The regiment, about 950 strong, left Fremont for Camp Chase,'on<br />

<strong>the</strong> 24th <strong>of</strong> January, 1862. In February it was ordered to General<br />

Sherman's army and reported at Paducah, where it was brigaded with<br />

<strong>the</strong> Forty-eighth and Seventieth Ohio regiments, and placed under command<br />

<strong>of</strong> Colonel Buckland.<br />

The first regular engagement in which <strong>the</strong> Seventy-second took part<br />

was at Pittsburg Landing, and it was not until <strong>the</strong> third day's proceedings<br />

at that place that it became fully initiated in army service. On this<br />

day, <strong>the</strong> Cth <strong>of</strong> April, 1862, <strong>the</strong> brigade to which our regiment belonged<br />

withstood three successive attacks from <strong>the</strong> enemy, and firmly held <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

position until General Sherman ordered it to retire. The next day it<br />

was again engaged and took part in <strong>the</strong> charge that routed <strong>the</strong> rebels<br />

and drove <strong>the</strong>m from <strong>the</strong> field. This battle cost <strong>the</strong> regiment 135 men in<br />

killed, wounded and missing.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> service <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment down to and after <strong>the</strong> siege <strong>of</strong><br />

Corinth, <strong>the</strong> ranks were fearfully reduced by disease, and nearly as many<br />

were lost or unfitted for field service from this cause, as by <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong><br />

battle. At Corinth <strong>the</strong> army proceeded to Memphis, <strong>the</strong> Seventy-second<br />

being stationed at Fort Pickering. While here it was brigaded with<br />

<strong>the</strong> Thirty-second Wisconsin, <strong>the</strong> Ninety-third Indiana, Ninety-third<br />

Illinois, and <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Fourteenth Illinois, and designated<br />

as <strong>the</strong> First Brigade <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Third Division, Colonel Buckland again<br />

assuming command <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brigade, and General Layman <strong>the</strong> division.<br />

While holding <strong>the</strong> bridge over Wolf River <strong>the</strong> brigade had a 1 taste <strong>of</strong><br />

guerrilla tactics, but <strong>the</strong>y suffered no loss. It remained in this place some<br />

two weeks and in January, 1863, received orders to proceed to Corinth,<br />

where it arrived after a long and weary march in <strong>the</strong> dead <strong>of</strong> winter.<br />

Here <strong>the</strong> brigade was assigned to <strong>the</strong> Sixteenth Corps, and placed on<br />

picket duty at White's Station, nine miles from <strong>the</strong> city. The strength<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment was increased while at this place by about forty nine<br />

months recruits and o<strong>the</strong>r men formerly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "command who had been<br />

absent and sick.<br />

About <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> March commenced <strong>the</strong> movement southward,<br />

by a series <strong>of</strong> journeys by land and by water until Jackson, Mississippi,<br />

was reached and a battle fought on <strong>the</strong> 14th <strong>of</strong> May, and after that<br />

came <strong>the</strong> labor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> siege <strong>of</strong> Vicksburg. After <strong>the</strong>, surrender <strong>of</strong> that<br />

city <strong>the</strong> regiment participated in <strong>the</strong> movement against General Johnson,<br />

at Jackson, and afterward pursued <strong>the</strong> rebels to Brandon where ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />

engagement took place. In September <strong>the</strong> command joined in <strong>the</strong> four

368 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

days' scout to Mechanicsville, and on <strong>the</strong> 15th <strong>of</strong> October moved on<br />

General MePherson's expedition to Canton, but soon afterward Avent<br />

into camp in rear <strong>of</strong> Vicksburg. From here it Avent to guard duty on<br />

a line or railroad between Memphis and Charleston. This occupied <strong>the</strong><br />

remainder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year. On January 2d, <strong>the</strong> men <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Seventy-second<br />

re^enlisted and moved to Memphis, and after taking part in <strong>the</strong> expedition<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tallahatchie River, returned to Ohio on veteran furlough<br />

on <strong>the</strong> 23d <strong>of</strong> February, 1864.<br />

Early in April, having been streng<strong>the</strong>ned by many recruits, <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

returned again to <strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> operations and made a stand at Paducah<br />

to defend that place, and shortly after moved to Memphis Avhere it<br />

remained till <strong>the</strong> 30th <strong>of</strong> April, and when it again joined an expedition<br />

"against <strong>the</strong> rebel, Forrest, <strong>the</strong>nce to Bolivar, and from <strong>the</strong>re to Ripley,<br />

but soon returned to Memphis. In June following twelve regiments, <strong>of</strong><br />

which <strong>the</strong> Seventy-second was one, again started in pursuit <strong>of</strong> Forrest,<br />

and found him much to <strong>the</strong>ir sorrow at Brice 's Cross Roads, and were<br />

badly defeated and routed, losing a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir wagon-train and destroying<br />

<strong>the</strong> rest. They retreated in disorder and confusion, and escaped<br />

annihilation or capture only by a rapid retreat to Memphis, never<strong>the</strong>less;<br />

many were killed and captured. After this disastrous campaign <strong>the</strong><br />

regiment, or what was left <strong>of</strong> it, Avas attached to <strong>the</strong> First Brigade <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Sixteenth Corps. It next participated in <strong>the</strong> battle at Tupelo in<br />

"which <strong>the</strong> rebels were defeated, as <strong>the</strong>y Avere also at Tishomingo Creek.<br />

In both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se fights <strong>the</strong> brunt <strong>of</strong> battle fell upon <strong>the</strong> brigade <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Seventy-second, and its loss amounted to twenty-five men. The regiment<br />

<strong>the</strong>n joined <strong>the</strong> Atlanta expedition, but Mower having charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

division, Avas ordered to Arkansas to resist Price, but failed to meet him.<br />

It <strong>the</strong>n marched northward continuing eighteen days, and finally reached<br />

<strong>the</strong> Mississippi, where it embarked on transports for St. Louis, <strong>the</strong>nce<br />

moved totJefferson City. It <strong>the</strong>n pursued Price's cavalry as far as<br />

Little Santa Fe, and <strong>the</strong>n turned back to St. Louis, which point was<br />

reached on <strong>the</strong> 16th <strong>of</strong> November.<br />

The Seventy-second next participated in <strong>the</strong> battle at Nashville,<br />

December 7th and 8th, and also at Walnut Hills soon afterward. McMillan's<br />

Brigade iii this battle numbered less than 1,<strong>20</strong>0 effective men, still<br />

<strong>the</strong>y captured 2,000 prisoners and thirteen pieces <strong>of</strong> artillery, but sustained<br />

a loss <strong>of</strong> 160 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir own force. The division <strong>the</strong>n moved to Eastport,<br />

Mississippi, and went into camp. In February, 1865, <strong>the</strong> brigade<br />

moved to New Orleans and camped on <strong>the</strong> old battle-ground. On <strong>the</strong><br />

28th <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same month it went to Dauphin Island; moved to<br />

<strong>the</strong> east side <strong>of</strong> Mobile River on <strong>the</strong> 19th <strong>of</strong> March, and on <strong>the</strong> 27th laid<br />

siege upon Spanish Fort, which was evacuated on <strong>the</strong> 8th <strong>of</strong> April. The<br />

next day it captured Fort Blakeley. It was <strong>the</strong>n ordered to Meriden,<br />

Mississippi, where it was assigned to garrison duty. In September <strong>the</strong><br />

Seventy-second moved to Corinth, and soon afterward to Vicksburg,<br />

where it Avas mustered out September 11, 1865, after which it returned<br />

to Camp Chase and was paid and discharged.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 369<br />

THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST INFANTRY<br />

This regiment was organized during <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1862, and at a<br />

time when almost every engagement resulted disastrously to <strong>the</strong> Union<br />

arms, and at a time, too, when it required something ftQre than enthusiasm<br />

or mere love <strong>of</strong> excitement to become a soldier; it was a stern and<br />

positive duty, and <strong>the</strong> recruits knew full Avell that untold privations and<br />

hardships aAvaited <strong>the</strong>m. The One Hundred and First Avas raised in <strong>the</strong><br />

counties <strong>of</strong> Crawford, Wyandot, Huron, Erie and Seneca; <strong>the</strong> contingent<br />

from Erie County comprising Company B and a large part <strong>of</strong> Company<br />

G.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 4th <strong>of</strong> September, 1862, and before being fully organized for<br />

field duty, <strong>the</strong> command proceeded under orders hurriedly to <strong>Cincinnati</strong><br />

and <strong>the</strong>nce to Covington, Kentucky, to repel <strong>the</strong> threatened invasion <strong>of</strong><br />

Kirby Smith's forces; and on <strong>the</strong> 24th <strong>the</strong> regiment moved to Louisville,<br />

when it was placed in Carlin's Brigade, Mitchell's Division and attached<br />

to <strong>the</strong> army under General Buell.<br />

Soon after <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> October commenced <strong>the</strong> pursuit <strong>of</strong> Bragg's rebel<br />

force, which culminated in <strong>the</strong> battle<strong>of</strong> Perrysville on <strong>the</strong> 8th. Again<br />

<strong>the</strong> retreating rebels were overtaken and <strong>the</strong>ir rear guard attacked at<br />

Lancaster. The regiment <strong>the</strong>n moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where<br />

Gen. Jefferson C. Davis took command <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> division, and on <strong>the</strong><br />

26th <strong>of</strong> November joined <strong>the</strong> Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cumberland, General Rosecrans<br />

being chief in command. At this time was fought a battle near<br />

Nashville, at Knob Gap, where <strong>the</strong> regiment made an excellent record for<br />

coolness and bravery, being, as <strong>the</strong>y Avere much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time, under a<br />

heavy and telling fire from infantry and artillery.<br />

On December 30th commenced <strong>the</strong> battle at Stone River, <strong>the</strong> brigade<br />

to which <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and First belonged having <strong>the</strong> right <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

line and was <strong>the</strong> first on <strong>the</strong> field. On <strong>the</strong> day following <strong>the</strong>y had it<br />

"hot and heavy," no sooner being driven from one position than <strong>the</strong>y.<br />

made a determined stand at ano<strong>the</strong>r, all through <strong>the</strong> day. They held<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir position on <strong>the</strong> right until January 2d, when <strong>the</strong> brigade Avas<br />

ordered to support <strong>the</strong> left. From this time until April <strong>the</strong> regiment<br />

was posted at or near Murfreesboro from which point <strong>the</strong>y were constantly<br />

moving on various wearying expeditions; but from April to<br />

June it rested in camp at Tullahoma.<br />

In June was fought <strong>the</strong> battle at Liberty Gap, after Avhich, in August<br />

<strong>the</strong> brigade crossed <strong>the</strong> mountains into Georgia, but returned shortly<br />

afterward and took part at <strong>the</strong> Chfckamauga battle, August 19th and<br />

<strong>20</strong>th. In this tight <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and First made a fierce charge and<br />

regained a national battery, fighting over <strong>the</strong> guns with clubbed muskets.<br />

After this splendid achievement <strong>the</strong> command retired to Chattanooga,<br />

where <strong>the</strong> regiment was made a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First Brigade, First<br />

Division, Fourth Army Corps. During <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> October <strong>the</strong><br />

brigade moved to Bridgeport, Alabama, where it remained in camp until<br />

January 16, 1864, when it proceeded to Oldtawah, Tennessee.<br />

The regiment participated in <strong>the</strong> Atlanta campaign in 1864, making<br />

Vol. 1—2 4

370 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

its first move in May, and first engaging <strong>the</strong> enemy at Catoosa Springs,<br />

and drove him as far as Tunnel Hill, from which place it Avent to Buzzard<br />

Roost Gap, where misfortune awaited it, as <strong>the</strong> command got much<br />

<strong>the</strong> worst <strong>of</strong> it in a mountain fight, and was compelled to seek refuge<br />

behind rocks and remain concealed until late in <strong>the</strong> evening. It afterward<br />

took part in <strong>the</strong> operations about Atlanta during <strong>the</strong> siege <strong>of</strong> that<br />

city, and fought at that place and at Jonesboro and Love joy. At Franklin<br />

it regained an important position that ano<strong>the</strong>r command had lost.<br />

The regiment Avas afterward engaged at Nashville, and pursued<br />

Hood's retiring force for a time, but soon after went into camp at Huntsville.<br />

At this place, on <strong>the</strong> 12th <strong>of</strong> June, 1865, <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and<br />

First was mustered out <strong>of</strong> service. Soon after it returned to ("itnip<br />

Taylor, where <strong>the</strong> men were paid and discharged.<br />

THE ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH INFANTRY<br />

This was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiments composed <strong>of</strong> steady-going Germans<br />

that joined <strong>the</strong> Union Army. Many <strong>of</strong> those who were in what was<br />

known as <strong>the</strong> German regiments Avere unable to speak English, and some<br />

were taken prisoners by <strong>the</strong> rebels. When <strong>the</strong> "Johnnies" found so<br />

strong a foreign element among <strong>the</strong> Union soldiers, <strong>the</strong>y supposed as a<br />

matter <strong>of</strong> course that <strong>the</strong> North had been receiving aid from Germany,<br />

and were at great loss to thoroughly understand it. This was noticeably<br />

<strong>the</strong> case among <strong>the</strong> Pennsylvania regiments, a large number <strong>of</strong> whom<br />

were what might aptly be termed "solid Dutch."<br />

The German regiments were, as a rule, somewhat slow in <strong>the</strong>ir movements,<br />

but <strong>the</strong>y were, never<strong>the</strong>less generally on hand Avhen Avanted. They<br />

Avere hard, determined fighters, and made excellent soldiers. The One<br />

Hundred and Seventh was a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Second Brigade, First Division,<br />

and Eleventh Army Corps, under command <strong>of</strong> Major-General Sigel,<br />

whose fighting qualities were well known all through <strong>the</strong> army.<br />

One company, F* <strong>of</strong> this regiment, was raised in Erie County and<br />

was called <strong>the</strong> "Sandusky Yaegers." The regiment rendezvoused at<br />

Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, and first took to <strong>the</strong> field in September,<br />

1862, at Covington, Kentucky, where Kirby Smith was threatening an<br />

invasion. After this scare Avas past <strong>the</strong> regiment came to Delaware,<br />

Ohio, but soon left for work and duty on <strong>the</strong> defenses about <strong>the</strong> national<br />

capital. In November it went into Virginia at Stafford Court House,<br />

at which place it was assigned to Sigel's army as already stated. Some<br />

two Aveeks later it participated in <strong>the</strong> movement designed to bring <strong>the</strong><br />

command in rear <strong>of</strong> Fredericksburg, and acting with Burnside's Corps,<br />

make a second attack on <strong>the</strong> city, but <strong>the</strong> exceedingly bad condition <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> roads made <strong>the</strong> plan fail.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> early part <strong>of</strong> May, 1863, <strong>the</strong> regiment participated in <strong>the</strong> battle<br />

<strong>of</strong> Chancellorsville, but Stonewall Jackson proved too much for Howard,<br />

and defeated him with serious loss, <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Seventh alone<br />

losing 229 in killed, wounded and captured. After this <strong>the</strong> regiment lay<br />

in camp at Brook's Station until <strong>the</strong> 12th <strong>of</strong> June, at which time it moved

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 371<br />

northward to engage Avith" <strong>the</strong> forces against General Lee. It took a<br />

prominent part in <strong>the</strong> Gettysburg fight, commencing July 1st, and was<br />

engaged actively for that and <strong>the</strong> next day. The regiment Avent into<br />

<strong>the</strong> battle about 500 strong, and its total loss in killed and Avounded<br />

and missing amounted to nearly four-fifths <strong>of</strong> that number. This Avas<br />

a terrible fight for <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Seventh, and <strong>the</strong>ir loss Avas in<br />

a measure <strong>of</strong>fset by <strong>the</strong>ir capture <strong>of</strong> a stand <strong>of</strong> colors from <strong>the</strong> famous<br />

Louisiana Tigers. Having but a trifle over 100 serviceable men left,<br />

<strong>the</strong> command joined in <strong>the</strong> pursuit <strong>of</strong> Lee's army following it to HagarstOAvn,<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce to Catlett's Station.<br />

The regiment started by boat for Folly Island on <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> August<br />

and remained at that place performing garrison and picket duty until<br />

<strong>the</strong> following February, Avhen an expedition Avas made to Seabrook Island<br />

and Jones Island. After that it Avent to Jacksonville, Florida, Avhere<br />

it remained except for about a month, until December, 1864. Its fighting<br />

days Avere now about over, never<strong>the</strong>less, until <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong><br />

March, 1865, it performed valuable service, and had a short but sharp<br />

brush with <strong>the</strong> rebels at Sumpterville, capturing three pieces <strong>of</strong> artillery<br />

and a number <strong>of</strong> horses and prisoners. Afterward, at Singleton's Plantation,<br />

it captured a railroad train and a large amount <strong>of</strong> stores and<br />

ammunition.<br />

After Lee's surrender <strong>the</strong> regiment went to Charleston, where it<br />

remained on provost duty until July 10, when it was mustered out, sent<br />

home and discharged from <strong>the</strong> service.<br />

THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY<br />

This was among <strong>the</strong> latter regiments raised in Ohio for three years<br />

service. It was mustered into service by companies during <strong>the</strong> months<br />

<strong>of</strong> September and October, 1862. Erie County Avas represented by Company<br />

G and a small portion <strong>of</strong> K, <strong>the</strong> larger part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter being<br />

recruited at Tiffin and vicinity. The regiment rendezvoused and was<br />

organized at Camp Monroeville, in Huron County, and immediately<br />

after <strong>the</strong> muster-in <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last company it was ordered to Zanesville:<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce into Virginia, where its time seems to have been occupied in scouting<br />

and marching from place to place, and eventually brought up at<br />

Webster, not twenty-five miles from its starting place. Soon afterwards<br />

<strong>the</strong> regiment went to New Creek, and remained <strong>the</strong>re in camp until <strong>the</strong><br />

12th <strong>of</strong> December. In January it marched to Morehead to relieve <strong>the</strong><br />

One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio, .and on <strong>the</strong> 10th left that place for<br />

Romney. Here it was employed in scouting duty along <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and while so doing one company <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

One Hundred and Sixteenth and a small detail <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and<br />

Twenty-third were captured by McNeil's Cavalry.<br />

But this loss was comparatively trifling as against that that fell to<br />

<strong>the</strong> regiment at Winchester on <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>of</strong> June and <strong>the</strong> days following,<br />

and although <strong>the</strong> men fought like demons, this regiment making three<br />

desperate charges in attempting to break through <strong>the</strong> rebel lines, it was

372 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>of</strong> no avail; <strong>the</strong>y Avere surrounded, <strong>the</strong>ir retreat cut <strong>of</strong>f, and <strong>the</strong> command,<br />

with hut few exceptions, were captured and taken to Richmond.<br />

The <strong>of</strong>ficers were confined in Libby prison, but a few managed to effect<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir escape. The privates Avere exchanged in <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> a few months<br />

and sent to <strong>the</strong> parole camps at Annapolis, and at Camp Chase, Ohio.<br />

About <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> April, 1864, <strong>the</strong> regiment Avas re-assembled at Martinsburg,<br />

and from <strong>the</strong>nce moved to Winchester, <strong>the</strong> city <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir recent<br />

downfall. From here it moved, under General Sigel, up <strong>the</strong> Shenandoah<br />

and engaged in battle at New Market, on May 15th, but with heavy<br />

loss Avas compelled to retreat to Cedar Creek. Here General Sigel was<br />

succeeded by General Hunter in <strong>the</strong> command <strong>of</strong> this btnnch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

army. On <strong>the</strong> 5th <strong>of</strong> June Port Republic was fought and 2,000 prisoners<br />

taken from <strong>the</strong> Confederacy. After this commenced Hunter's retreating<br />

fight from Lynchburg to Salem, a retreat memorable for its disasters,<br />

and Avhen <strong>the</strong> command arrived at Gauley Bridge it Avas in a most forlorn<br />

and pitiable condition. On <strong>the</strong> 6th <strong>of</strong> July <strong>the</strong> regiment reached<br />

Parkersburg, and <strong>the</strong>nce inarched to Martinsburg, which latter place it<br />

left two and a half months before with 700 men, but on its return could<br />

muster but 250.<br />

With <strong>the</strong> Army <strong>of</strong> West Virginia <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Twenty-third<br />

fought at Snicker's Ferry on July 18th, and afterward joined in <strong>the</strong><br />

pursuit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rebels with alternating success and reverses for some<br />

days. Then <strong>the</strong> regiment joined Hie army under Phil Sheridan. It<br />

participated in <strong>the</strong> battle at Berryville, on September 19th; at Strasburg;<br />

at Cedar Creek, on October 19th, when Sheridan made his famous<br />

ride and turned disaster into victory; at Hatcher's Run, on <strong>the</strong> 2d <strong>of</strong><br />

April <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following year; at High Bridge, Avhere <strong>the</strong> One Hundred<br />

and Twenty-third Avas again captured and taken to Appomaltox Courthouse.<br />

But at this place <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> Lee's army surrendered to General<br />

Grant, and thus <strong>the</strong> prisoners were rescued.<br />

The regiment <strong>the</strong>n returned to Camp Chase, Ohio, where on <strong>the</strong> 12th<br />

<strong>of</strong> June <strong>the</strong> men were mustered out <strong>of</strong> service.<br />

NATIONAL GUARDS—ONE HUNDRED DAYS' SERVICE<br />

The One Hundred and Forty-fifth Infantiy.—This command Avas<br />

called into <strong>the</strong> United States service in <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1864, and Avas <strong>the</strong><br />

first regiment composed in any considerable part <strong>of</strong> Erie County volunteers<br />

that enlisted in <strong>the</strong> one hundred days' service. Parts <strong>of</strong> several<br />

companies were raised in Erie County. The regiment rendezvoused at<br />

Camp Chase, but not long Avas it permitted to remain <strong>the</strong>re, for it Avas at<br />

once ordered to <strong>the</strong> national defenses at Washington. Upon <strong>the</strong> arrival<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment at <strong>the</strong> capital it was assigned to garrison duty at Forts<br />

Whipple, Woodbury, Cass, Tillinghast and Albany, on <strong>the</strong> south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

city, on what is known as Arlington Heights.<br />

The men <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> One Hundred and Forty-fifth, during <strong>the</strong>ir months<br />

<strong>of</strong> service, Avere not once engaged with <strong>the</strong> rebels, but <strong>the</strong>ir duty was<br />

never<strong>the</strong>less laborious and severe. At that period <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avar <strong>the</strong> capital

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 373<br />

was threatened with invasion and <strong>the</strong> defending force was kept constantly<br />

on <strong>the</strong> alert*ready at any minute for an attack should it come.<br />

In July <strong>the</strong> rebel commander, General Early, with his force made a<br />

raid down <strong>the</strong> valley <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Shenandoah River and threatened to lay<br />

siege ;to Washington, and from where <strong>the</strong> regiment lay encamped <strong>the</strong><br />

noise <strong>of</strong> his troops could be heard, but he made no attack.<br />

The One Hundred and Forty-fifth Avas in service from <strong>the</strong> 10th <strong>of</strong><br />

May until <strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>th <strong>of</strong> August, 1864, and after <strong>the</strong> expiration <strong>of</strong> its term<br />

<strong>of</strong> enlistment <strong>the</strong> men returned to Camp Chase, Avhere <strong>the</strong>y Avere mustered<br />

out <strong>of</strong> service.<br />

It is not deemed important for <strong>the</strong> purposes <strong>of</strong> this chapter to furnish<br />

a roster <strong>of</strong> this regiment, or <strong>the</strong> portion <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong> from Erie County,<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r .than to give <strong>the</strong> field and staff and <strong>the</strong> commissioned <strong>of</strong>ficers, Avhich<br />

were as follows :<br />

Colonel, Henry C. Aslnvell; lieutenant-colonel, Lloyd A. Lyman;<br />

major, Henry C. Olds; surgeon, Henry Besse; assistant surgeon, John<br />

D. Janney; adjutant, AVilliam E. Moore; quartermaster, James H. Stead;<br />

chaplain, W. G. Crawford; Richard W. Reynolds, John J. Penfield, David<br />

II. James, Archibald Freswater, William H. Wilson, John Cellar; first<br />

lieutenants, Hugh J. Perry, Frederick W. Cogsville, Cornelius Hull,<br />

David G. Cratty, John A. Cone, William E. Bates, G. W. Fleming, Jackson<br />

S. Post, James W. McGookey; second lieutenants, Joseph S. Hall,<br />

James S. Harmon, Henry M. Bronson, John Neley, John T. Munsell,<br />

John D. Van Deman, E. H. Draper, H. B. Wood, Chris. R. Caulkins,<br />

Samuel M. White, Jr., Aaron M. Decker.<br />

THE THIRD CAVALRY<br />

This regiment Avas recruited largely from <strong>the</strong> counties <strong>of</strong> Erie and<br />

Huron, <strong>the</strong> contingent from Erie being represented in <strong>the</strong> companies B,<br />

E, I and K. It was organized and prepared for service at Camp Monroeville,<br />

in Huron County, from Avhich point it proceeded to Camp Dennison<br />

on <strong>the</strong> 14th <strong>of</strong> January, 1862, but one month later moved to Jeffersonville,<br />

Indiana.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 18th <strong>of</strong> March <strong>the</strong> command arcived at Nashville, and ten days<br />

later left for Pittsburg Landing, Avhere it arrived and went into camp<br />

on April 25. In May <strong>the</strong> first engagement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> battalion Avas had at<br />

Monterey, and <strong>the</strong>re <strong>the</strong> enemy Avere driven back. After this it moved<br />

to a point near Corinth, Avhen it took a position Avithin sight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rebel<br />

lines, but being compelled to fall hack, <strong>the</strong> rebels pursued and a brisk<br />

battle folloAved. Again, on May 27, on <strong>the</strong> railroad west <strong>of</strong> Corinth,<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r battle Avas fought, and <strong>the</strong> enemy beaten.<br />

On July 18th <strong>the</strong> Third reached Winchester, where it camped until<br />

August 14, and <strong>the</strong>n moved to McMinnville. Major Foster took his<br />

battalion to Dunlap, five miles distant, Avhere <strong>the</strong> enemy was again<br />

encountered and <strong>the</strong>ir pickets driven in, after which <strong>the</strong> command<br />

returned to its division. On September 3 Nashville was again reached,<br />

<strong>the</strong>nce Gallatin, and from <strong>the</strong>re to Mumfordsville, arriving at <strong>the</strong> latter

374 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

place on September 21, just in time to meet <strong>the</strong> enemy and drive <strong>the</strong>m<br />

three successive tim«s into <strong>the</strong>ir earthworks, and with a loss to <strong>the</strong>mselves<br />

<strong>of</strong> less than fifteen.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> next day began <strong>the</strong> march to Louisville, arriving October 1,<br />

and from here <strong>the</strong> Third took up <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> following and harassing<br />

Bragg's rebel army, but on <strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>th a detachment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regiment,<br />

some 250 strong, fell into <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> guerrilla, John Morgan. The<br />

prisoners were robbed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir personal effects and paroled and allowed<br />

to return to <strong>the</strong> Union lines, but subsequently sent to Camp Chase. The<br />

remaining force <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Second and Third battalions was <strong>the</strong>n stationed<br />

along <strong>the</strong> railroad between Bowling Green and Gallatin, whei'e a battle<br />

Avas soon brought on against Morgan's force and a large amount <strong>of</strong><br />

supplies taken as well as many prisoners. The regiment <strong>the</strong>n went into<br />

camp at Ilartsville.<br />

From this place <strong>the</strong> detachment under command <strong>of</strong> Capt. Elisha M.<br />

Colver moved up <strong>the</strong> Cumberland River to Carthage to intercept a drove<br />

<strong>of</strong>* mules and rebel stores, which Avere being moved by rebel quartermasters,<br />

and accompanied by an escort <strong>of</strong> Morgan's raiders. After a<br />

chase <strong>of</strong> twenty-six miles, fording <strong>the</strong> river four times, <strong>the</strong> detachment<br />

captured <strong>the</strong> entire train and drove <strong>of</strong>f 146 mules, besides routing <strong>the</strong><br />

escort and taking seventeen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m prisoners.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> greater part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> December <strong>the</strong> Third was<br />

actively engaged in skirmishing and foraging <strong>the</strong> enemy's country. On<br />

<strong>the</strong> 26th it took a position on <strong>the</strong> right <strong>of</strong> Rosecrans' army, near Franklin.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 27th a battle was fought here and <strong>the</strong> rebels routed. The<br />

regiment <strong>the</strong>n moved to Triune, and at night again engaged <strong>the</strong> enemy.<br />

The next few days it saw plenty <strong>of</strong> service. On <strong>the</strong> 29th a reconnaissance<br />

in force was made; on <strong>the</strong> 30th <strong>the</strong> Third was assigned to a<br />

position on <strong>the</strong> extreme right, and at 2 o'clock on <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

31st <strong>the</strong> rebels made an advance, whereupon <strong>the</strong> brigade to which <strong>the</strong><br />

Third belonged Avas advanced as skirmishers; at 4 o'clock <strong>the</strong> line was<br />

driven in by Wheeler's cavalry, and after a sharp battle <strong>of</strong> two hours<br />

Avas driven back from <strong>the</strong> field. The next morning General McCbok's<br />

corps ammunition train was captured, but <strong>the</strong> Second and Third battalions<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Third made a dash and recaptured <strong>the</strong> whole train, as<br />

well as a large number <strong>of</strong> prisoners. In this efficient work <strong>the</strong> Third<br />

sustained thirteen killed and a large number wounded..<br />

The year 1863 witnessed many stirring evenls for <strong>the</strong> regiment. On<br />

<strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>the</strong> Third left <strong>the</strong> field to escort a train <strong>of</strong> 4,000 wagons to<br />

Nashville for supplies. The train was attacked by <strong>the</strong> rebel cavalry<br />

under Stewart and Wheeler, but <strong>the</strong> attack was repulsed by <strong>the</strong> Third,<br />

supported by Hie Tenth Cavalry. During <strong>the</strong> whole journey <strong>the</strong> rebels<br />

hung about and made frequent attacks, but as <strong>of</strong>ten were <strong>the</strong>y defeated<br />

by <strong>the</strong> escorting party. Their duty was at length performed faithfully<br />

and Avell. After this, and after <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> Stone River, <strong>the</strong> Third<br />

Avas sent in pursuit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> enemy, and at Middleton, Tennessee, attacked<br />

<strong>the</strong> rear guard and captured a wagon train. It <strong>the</strong>n went into camp at<br />

Murfreesboro. Here <strong>the</strong> Second Battalion Avas detached and sent to

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 375<br />

Readyville to battle against John Morgan's guerrillas. The Third Battalion,<br />

remaining at Muri'reesboro, Avas surrounded by rebels and a<br />

surrender demanded, but Lieutenant Brenard, in command, could not<br />

see it in that light, and at once ordered a saber charge, cutting his way<br />

out and "taking a number <strong>of</strong> prisoners.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> general advance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> army from Murfreesboro, in July, <strong>the</strong><br />

Third was engaged almost daily. In <strong>the</strong> Sequatchie Valley <strong>the</strong> enemy<br />

was encountered, and a running tight <strong>of</strong> three days' duration ensued.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> battle at Chickaiuauga <strong>the</strong> Third occupied <strong>the</strong> extreme left<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> line, and afterward pursued Wheeler's cavalry through Tennes-<br />

• see, engaging him at McM inn ville and Farmington, and in <strong>the</strong> latter<br />

battle .secured a large number <strong>of</strong> prisoners. In November detachments<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Third scouted through <strong>the</strong> mountains <strong>of</strong> East Tennessee, and thus<br />

ended <strong>the</strong> year's campaign.<br />

While at Pulaski, Tennessee, in January, 1864, <strong>the</strong> regiment veteranized,<br />

but its ranks were fearfully decimated, <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> its many<br />

engagements. It <strong>the</strong>refore became necessary to recruit and add to its<br />

effective strength, <strong>the</strong>re being' <strong>the</strong>n but 400 men fit for duty in <strong>the</strong><br />

whole command. Through <strong>the</strong> efforts <strong>of</strong> Major Skinner and Capt. Elisha<br />

M. (.'lover nearly 1,000 troops were raised in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio, and when<br />

<strong>the</strong> regiment returned to <strong>the</strong> front, at Nashville, it numbered over 1,300<br />

serviceable men. At Nashville <strong>the</strong> regiment was re-equipped, armed and<br />

mounted. Much was expected <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> command, and .it more than<br />

fulfilled that expectation.<br />

We find <strong>the</strong>m first engaged with Rhoddy's command at Courtland,<br />

Alabama, early in May, 1864, at Avhich fight <strong>the</strong> rebel loss amounted to<br />

upwards <strong>of</strong> thirty men in killed and wounded. At Rome <strong>the</strong> Third was<br />

on <strong>the</strong> left <strong>of</strong> Sherman's army, and Avas engaged at Etowah, Kenesaw<br />

Mountain, Noonday Creek, and at <strong>the</strong> crossing <strong>of</strong> i<strong>the</strong> Chattahoochie<br />

River. It was sent to Roswell, Georgia, to destroy <strong>the</strong> rebel stores and<br />

factories at that place. In this affair 400 factory girls were captured<br />

and sent through <strong>the</strong> lines. At McAfee Bridge, on July 9, four companies<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Third, commanded by Captain Colver, became engaged<br />

with a large force <strong>of</strong> rebel Texas cavalrymen, in Avhich battle several<br />

rebels were killed and a large number fell into <strong>the</strong> regiment's hands as<br />

prisoners.<br />

The regiment participated in <strong>the</strong> battle at Peach Tree Creek, in <strong>the</strong><br />

raid upon Covington, Stone Mountain, and in <strong>the</strong> Stonemah raid, in<br />

each <strong>of</strong> which engagements it met with severe losses. After <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong><br />

Atlanta it went in pursuit <strong>of</strong> Hood's rebel force, and Avas engaged at<br />

<strong>the</strong> battles <strong>of</strong> Franklin and Nashville; also in <strong>the</strong> Wilson raid through<br />

Alabama and Georgia. It was at Selina, Montgomery, Macon and Griffin,<br />

and in <strong>the</strong> chase after Jefferson Davis, <strong>the</strong> Confederate president.<br />

Under <strong>the</strong> orders <strong>of</strong> General Thomas, <strong>the</strong> Third Cavalry turned over<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Government its horses and arms, at Macon, after which it proceeded<br />

to Nashville and was mustered out <strong>of</strong> service. It Avas <strong>the</strong>n<br />

returned to Camp Chase, where, on <strong>the</strong> 14th <strong>of</strong> August, 1865, after a<br />

severe service <strong>of</strong> almost four years, it was paid <strong>of</strong>f and discharged.

376 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR<br />

On May 26, 189S, Company B returned from thirteen months' service<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Spanish Avar. They came in about 1.15 o'clock P. M. on <strong>the</strong> Big<br />

Four and Avere welcomed with a parading escort and an enormous crowd<br />

which Avent Avild ?s <strong>the</strong> boys marched down <strong>the</strong> street headed by Capt.<br />

Charles Stroud. They made a creditable record in <strong>the</strong> Avar. The<br />

company left Sandusky on <strong>the</strong> 26t$i <strong>of</strong> April, 1898, and Avent to Toledo<br />

and <strong>the</strong>nce to Columbus, where <strong>the</strong>y Avere mustered into <strong>the</strong> service <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> United States. They endured hardship and disappointment at<br />

Chickainauga, Knoxville and Cienfuegos, Cuba. On <strong>the</strong> 17th <strong>of</strong> January,<br />

1899, <strong>the</strong> regiment was divided, <strong>the</strong> Second Battalion under Maj. George<br />

Barker being sent to Santa Clara Province, where Company B was<br />

stationed. The regiment remained in Cuba four months and was <strong>the</strong>n<br />

ordered to return to be mustered out. On <strong>the</strong> 25th day <strong>of</strong> April, 1899,<br />

<strong>the</strong> regiment sailed on <strong>the</strong> steamer Chester for <strong>the</strong> United States, arriving<br />

at quarantine Charleston Harbor April 29th, where <strong>the</strong>y remained five<br />

days. On May 2nd <strong>the</strong> regiment went into camp at Augusta and was<br />

mustered out May 24, 1899.<br />

Gen. Henry W. Lawton, AVIIO commanded at Santiago, Avas born at<br />

Venice, Ohio, July 19, 1848, and his career as a soldier, which was ended<br />

at <strong>the</strong> battle <strong>of</strong> San Mateo in <strong>the</strong> Philippines\by his death, is part <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> creditable record <strong>of</strong> Erie County soldiers.

CHAPTER XXXI<br />

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD<br />

Sandusky was <strong>the</strong> most important station and terminus <strong>of</strong> one branch<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underground railroad. That thisf city was so regarded by <strong>the</strong><br />

nation at large is shown among o<strong>the</strong>r things by <strong>the</strong> fact that Mrs.<br />

Harriet Beccher Stowe in "Uncle Tom's Cabin" piloted <strong>the</strong> escaping<br />

slaves by <strong>the</strong> underground railway to Sandusky Avhence <strong>the</strong>y<br />

took <strong>the</strong> boat for Canada. In chapter 37, occurs <strong>the</strong> following: As<br />

Tom had informed <strong>the</strong>m that <strong>the</strong>ir party would be looked for in Sandusky,<br />

it was thought prudent to divide <strong>the</strong>m. Jim, with his old mo<strong>the</strong>r,<br />

was forwarded separately; and a night or two after George and Eliza,<br />

with <strong>the</strong>ir child, AA'ere driven privately into Sandusky, and lodged beneath<br />

a hospitable ro<strong>of</strong>, preparatory to taking <strong>the</strong>ir last passage on <strong>the</strong> lake."<br />

# # # # # # # # # # # #<br />

The disguises <strong>the</strong> party had assumed Avere in accordance with <strong>the</strong><br />

hints <strong>of</strong> Tom Loker. Mrs. Smyth, a respectable Avoman. from <strong>the</strong> settlement<br />

in Canada, Avhe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y were fleeing, bei,ng fortunate about<br />

crossing <strong>the</strong> lake to return thi<strong>the</strong>r, had consented to .appear as <strong>the</strong> aunt<br />

<strong>of</strong> little Harry; and, in order to attach him to her, he had been allowed<br />

to remain, <strong>the</strong> two last days, under her sole charge; and an extra amount<br />

<strong>of</strong> petting, joined to an indefinite amount <strong>of</strong> seed-cakes and candy, had<br />

cemented a very close attachment on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> young gentleman.<br />

The hack drove to <strong>the</strong> Avharf. The two young men, as <strong>the</strong>y appeared,<br />

Avalked up <strong>the</strong> plank into <strong>the</strong> boat, Eliza gallantly giving her arm to<br />

Mrs. Smyth, and George attending to <strong>the</strong>ir baggage.<br />

George was standing at <strong>the</strong> captain's <strong>of</strong>fice, settling for his party,<br />

Avhen he overheard two men talking by his side.<br />

"IVe Avatched every one that came on board," said one, "and I knoAv<br />

<strong>the</strong>y 're not on this boat.''<br />

The voice Avas that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> clerk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat. The speaker whom he<br />

addressed Avas our sometime friend, Marks, who, wij^ that valuable<br />

perseverance whieh characterized him, had come on to Sandusky, seeking<br />

AVhom he might devour. *<br />

It Avas a superb day. The blue waves <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie danced, rippling<br />

and sparkling, in <strong>the</strong> sunlight. A fresh breeze blew from <strong>the</strong>, shore, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> lordly boat ploughed her Avay right gallantly onward.<br />

The underground railroad, so called, was <strong>the</strong> outgrowth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> concerted<br />

action <strong>of</strong> people friendly to <strong>the</strong> slaves, and who were willing for<br />

377

378<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

principle's sake to give <strong>the</strong>ir services, time and money to <strong>the</strong>se fugitives,<br />

though at <strong>the</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> prosecution and pecuniary loss. The charter was<br />

<strong>of</strong> divine authority and its command was, "Do unto o<strong>the</strong>rs as ye would<br />

that <strong>the</strong>y should do unto you." Its conductors, agents and managers<br />

believed that <strong>the</strong>y should obey God ra<strong>the</strong>r than man. The.road was<br />

secretly operated. It published no reports, it declared ho earthly<br />

dividends to its stockholders, and to all its passengers it supplied, without<br />

charge, free through tickets to <strong>the</strong> land <strong>of</strong> freedom in Canada, including<br />

lodging and meals. They established across <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Ohio a line <strong>of</strong><br />

stations, from <strong>the</strong> Ohio River oh <strong>the</strong> south, to Lake Erie on <strong>the</strong> north.<br />

These stations were generally at or near farm-houses, and nearly always<br />

<strong>the</strong> homes <strong>of</strong> friendly abolitionists. Here <strong>the</strong> fugitive wasi? concealed<br />

during <strong>the</strong> day, and at night carried in covered conveyance to <strong>the</strong> next<br />

station and <strong>the</strong>re turned over to o<strong>the</strong>r friends AVIIO would care for <strong>the</strong>m,<br />

and in turn give <strong>the</strong>m into <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> some one else for like treatment.<br />

In this Avay <strong>the</strong> tedious journey was made across <strong>the</strong> state, and finally<br />

at Sandusky, passage was procured for Canada—"<strong>the</strong> goal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

„ desire, <strong>the</strong> niecca <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir hope."<br />

It must be remembered that prior to 1850 <strong>the</strong>re Avas no line <strong>of</strong> steam<br />

railroad completed between <strong>the</strong> river and lake, and that a distance <strong>of</strong><br />

250 miles had to be traversed in wagons at night, in <strong>the</strong> midst <strong>of</strong> a<br />

people largely opposed to any interference with slavery, and with<br />

prejudice against fugitives. These facts, toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> laws <strong>the</strong>n in<br />

force, rendered <strong>the</strong> escape <strong>of</strong> a slave a difficult matter, and <strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong><br />

aiding or abetting such an escape dangerous to one's person and property.<br />

The men Avho engaged in <strong>the</strong>se friendly <strong>of</strong>fices said, "duty is ours, consequences<br />

are God's," and <strong>the</strong>y deserve our highest praise for bravery<br />

and devotion to Avhat <strong>the</strong>y considered <strong>the</strong>ir duty, and an impartial<br />

posterity will award <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> credit <strong>the</strong>y so justly merit. It is one thing<br />

to champion a cause Avhen it is in disfavor, quite ano<strong>the</strong>r .when it has<br />

become popular and strong with <strong>the</strong> people. Humane and generous in<br />

its conception, thorough and complete in its simple methods, this institution<br />

accomplished much good and brought everlasting happiness and<br />

joy to .<strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> many a human soul. The first white man upon <strong>the</strong><br />

Firelands <strong>the</strong>n in <strong>the</strong> old County <strong>of</strong> Huron, and residing in Huron Township,<br />

and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first men in <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Ohio to aid fugitive slaves,<br />

was Judge Jabez Wright, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three first associate judges who held<br />

<strong>the</strong> first term <strong>of</strong> court in old Huron County in 1815. He never failed<br />

when opportunity <strong>of</strong>fered to lend a helping hand to <strong>the</strong> fugitives, secreting<br />

<strong>the</strong>m Avhen necessary, feeding <strong>the</strong>m when hungry, clothing and employing<br />

<strong>the</strong>m—a rarely good and excellent man.<br />

The first runaway slave to reach Sandusky Avas in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 18<strong>20</strong>.<br />

lie had come on foot'across <strong>the</strong> state, and on <strong>the</strong> same day that he<br />

arrived, bis master, named Riley, also came on horseback in close pursuit.<br />

The slave bad been secreted by Capt. P Shepbard, aided by "John" <strong>the</strong><br />

black hostler, in <strong>the</strong> barn belonging to <strong>the</strong> tavern, <strong>the</strong>n kept by C. W.<br />

Marsh, on <strong>the</strong> same spot where Scott's hotel stood. For three days <strong>the</strong><br />

master, aided by Captain Shepbard (to whom he had <strong>of</strong>fered $300 in gold

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 379<br />

in case he should find <strong>the</strong> slave for him), waited,,.searched and Avatehed,<br />

for <strong>the</strong> master had tracked <strong>the</strong> slave to Abner Strong's, on Strong's<br />

Ridge, and knew he must be in <strong>the</strong> vicinity, but to no purpose. The<br />

slave could not be found, and on Hie fourth day after <strong>the</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong><br />

Riley, <strong>the</strong> steamboat " Walk-in-<strong>the</strong>-Water" stopped in port, and he took<br />

<strong>the</strong> boat for Detroit. Captain Shepbard <strong>the</strong>n started with his small<br />

sailboat (<strong>the</strong> slave on board) for Maiden, where he Avas landed safely<br />

before <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> next day—<strong>the</strong> first runaway slaVe landed in Canada<br />

<strong>of</strong> whom <strong>the</strong>re is any account. Riley in a few days returned, paid his<br />

bills at Marsh's tavern and departed homeward, but Avithout his slave.<br />

In September, 1830, Josiah Hansen escaped from slavery in Kentucky<br />

with his Avife and four children, and in October arrived at Venice, where<br />

a kind Scotchman, captain <strong>of</strong> a small two-masted vessel, agreed to take<br />

himself and family on board and carry <strong>the</strong>m to Buffalo. Venice at that<br />

time was quite a town, and Sandusky in those days was described in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Cleveland "Herald" as a place (near Venice) where steamboats<br />

sometimes stopped to wood. After loading <strong>the</strong> vessel with corn, <strong>the</strong><br />

captain sailed over to Bull's Island and <strong>the</strong>re came to and at night sent<br />

back <strong>the</strong> small boat for <strong>the</strong> blacks. They were soon on board and after<br />

a two days' passage safely reached Buffalo, and <strong>the</strong> kindhearted Scotch<br />

captain on <strong>the</strong> 28th day <strong>of</strong> October landed <strong>the</strong> escaped slaves in Canada.<br />

In 1831 a fugitive named Tice Davis came over <strong>the</strong> line and lived<br />

just back <strong>of</strong> Sandusky; he had come directly from Ripley, Ohio, where<br />

he crossed <strong>the</strong> Ohio River. He remained some time at Sandusky and <strong>the</strong>n<br />

went to Canada. It was told <strong>of</strong> him that he gave <strong>the</strong> name to <strong>the</strong> underground<br />

road in this way. When he was running away his master, a<br />

Kentuckian, was in close pursuit and pressing him so hard that when <strong>the</strong><br />

Ohio River was reached he had no alternative but to jump in and swim<br />

across. It took his master some time to secure a skiff in which he and,<br />

his aid followed <strong>the</strong> swimming fugitive, keeping him in sight until he<br />

landed. Once on shore, however, he could not find him. No one had<br />

seen him. And after a long and unsuccessful search <strong>the</strong> disappointed<br />

slave-master went into Ripley, and when enquired <strong>of</strong> as to what had<br />

become <strong>of</strong> his slave, said he could not tell; that he had searched all <strong>the</strong><br />

openings, but could not find him; that he Avas close behind him when<br />

<strong>the</strong> boy got on shore, and 1"* thought " '<strong>the</strong> nigger' must have got <strong>of</strong>f on<br />

an underground road." This story was repeated Avith a good .deal <strong>of</strong><br />

amusement, and this incident gave <strong>the</strong> name to <strong>the</strong> line. First, <strong>the</strong> Underground,<br />

afterwards, "Underground Railroad."<br />

The colored man Grant Ritchie opened <strong>the</strong> first barber shop in<br />

Sandusky, and Avas <strong>the</strong> earliest and most active agent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> line,<br />

and always successful in his operations. On one occasion, when<br />

through his interference and efforts several fugitives had escaped<br />

to Canada, and <strong>the</strong>re being no responsible person to sue for <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> lost chattels, <strong>the</strong> slaA'c-owners caused Ritchie to be arrested before a<br />

justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace and prosecuted for an assault upon <strong>the</strong> claimant.<br />

The lawyer for <strong>the</strong> prosecution was F. D. Parish, L. S. Beeeher being<br />

counsel for Ritchie. The justice bound Ritchie over to <strong>the</strong> Common

380 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Pleas Court« <strong>of</strong> Huron County. At <strong>the</strong> next term, when this case was<br />

called at Norwalk, Mr. Beecher appeared as counsel for Ritchie, and<br />

after <strong>the</strong> defendant had pleaded not guilty, Mr. Beecher asked him in a<br />

voice loud enough to be heard over <strong>the</strong> courtroom (<strong>the</strong> court and laAvyeTs<br />

knowing he had a barber shop in Sandusky), "What his business Avas<br />

<strong>the</strong>re; whe<strong>the</strong>r.he had come over to shave <strong>the</strong> eourt?" Ritchie replied<br />

that be did not have bis kit with him, and Mr. Beecher, sotto voce,<br />

<strong>the</strong>n told him, "To go and get it." Soon after, when <strong>the</strong> prosecution<br />

was ready to go with <strong>the</strong> case, Ritchie was not in court and this Avas <strong>the</strong><br />

last <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prosecution. It was not supposed that anyone was anxious<br />

to convict him, now that <strong>the</strong> slave-masters Avere not <strong>the</strong>re. Ritchie<br />

removed to Canada in 1834, and afterwards returned to Sandusky in<br />

1841, visiting Rev. Thomas Boston, to Avhom he expressed his great<br />

surprise at learning that Mr. Parish had become an abolitionist. He<br />

said that when he left Sandusky Mr. Parish Avas as bitter an enemy as<br />

<strong>the</strong> fugitive slaves had. Mr. Boston could hardly believe this, and called<br />

on Mr. Parish to learn <strong>the</strong> facts. Mr. Parish said to him, "Y"es, Avhat<br />

Ritchie says is true. I did prosecute <strong>the</strong>m, but <strong>the</strong> Lord opened my eyes,<br />

and I intend to make tip for those acts." And he did.<br />

Benjamin Johnson came over <strong>the</strong> road about <strong>the</strong> time Ritchie left.<br />

He Avas soon after arrested under <strong>the</strong> claim <strong>of</strong> his owner and brought<br />

before John Wheeler, esq., in Portland Township (Sandusky) F. I).<br />

Parish appearing for <strong>the</strong> claimant, and L. S. Beecher for Johnson. It<br />

Avas claimed by Mr. Parish that Johnson Avas a fugitive slave and owned<br />

by claimant. Mr. Beecher admitted that <strong>the</strong> man Avas a fugitive slave,<br />

but that he Avas not <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong> claimant. Mr. Beecher told his<br />

counsel that he had never seen <strong>the</strong> claimant before. The testimony <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> claimant himself disclosed <strong>the</strong> fact that after Johnson's escape he had<br />

met Johnson's former owner in this state, and that Avhile in Ohio he<br />

purchased <strong>of</strong> him <strong>the</strong> fugitive; that <strong>the</strong> bill <strong>of</strong> sale was drafted, dated<br />

and executed in Ohio. On <strong>the</strong>se facts Mr. Beecher claimed Johnson<br />

could not be held. Ohio Avas a free state, and a transfer and sale <strong>of</strong> slave<br />

property could not be legally made within its domain. 'Squire Wheeler<br />

sustained this position and Johnson Avas discharged. He died several<br />

years afterwards in Sandusky. For years after securing <strong>the</strong> discharge<br />

<strong>of</strong> Johnson, Mr. Beecher Avould speak <strong>of</strong> him as "his nigger," because<br />

he had cleared him in <strong>the</strong> above manner. This was probably <strong>the</strong> only<br />

attempt made to sell a slave in Ohio. Who that has known F. D. Parish<br />

since 1835 could belicA'e that he ever, even pr<strong>of</strong>essionally, was engaged<br />

in <strong>the</strong> attempt to reclaim fugitive slaves, or that he Avas o<strong>the</strong>r than an<br />

abolitionist? Yet such Avas <strong>the</strong> fact, and up to <strong>the</strong> year 1835 Mr. Parish<br />

was not an abolitionist, but a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colonization society. After<br />

this time he became as zealous in <strong>the</strong> cause as William Lloyd Garrison,<br />

and, like Paul after his conversion, "abounded in good Avorks" and was<br />

faithful to <strong>the</strong> end.<br />

In 1838 one Davis came to Sandusky by underground. Afterwards<br />

he removed to Cleveland, where he died, having accumulated quite a<br />

property. Ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early runaways from Kentucky was William

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 381<br />

Hamilton, who came by railroad to Xenia, and <strong>the</strong>nce to Sandusky<br />

traveling only at night. Soon after this came fa<strong>the</strong>r Lason and his wife,<br />

bringing Avith <strong>the</strong>m a little girl. The latter, Mrs. Nancy Boyd, resided in<br />

Sandusky. Also about <strong>the</strong> same time came Daniel Brown and wife. Mr.<br />

Brainard <strong>of</strong> Berlin used to conduct slaves, generally aided with money<br />

and teams by Mr. 0. S. Tillinghast, also <strong>of</strong> Berlin, most reliable and<br />

earnest men. Seth and Elder Ben Parker <strong>of</strong> Peru, Huron County, Ohio,<br />

received, cared for and placed in charge <strong>of</strong> good conductors any slaves<br />

that might be brought to that station. Abner Strong <strong>of</strong> Strong's Ridge<br />

Lyme, Huron County, Ohio, was always ready to receive, care for and<br />

send to Sandusky, in good conveyance, <strong>the</strong> fugitiveSiwho reached that<br />

'' Strong'' and safe station.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> year 1836 <strong>the</strong>re was hardly a time that H. F. Merry <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky had not one or more fugitives in his employ. He was a good<br />

and early friend <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>irs, and always ready to assist <strong>the</strong>m in any way.<br />

S. Bell, a fugitive, lived with Mr. Merry in 1839. In <strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong><br />

1839-40 a party <strong>of</strong> four runaAvays arrived in Sandusky, but Avere so<br />

closely pursued by <strong>the</strong>ir owners that it was thought best <strong>the</strong>y should not<br />

be kept in town, even if secreted, and as <strong>the</strong> ice on <strong>the</strong> lake was not<br />

strong enough to bear a horse and sleigh, <strong>the</strong>y Avere conducted over <strong>the</strong><br />

bay to <strong>the</strong> Peninsula Point, Avhenee next morning on a bright clear day,<br />

<strong>the</strong>y started on <strong>the</strong>ir perilous journey to Canada. They had to proceed<br />

with <strong>the</strong> greatest caution bugging close to <strong>the</strong>.shore <strong>of</strong> Kelly's Island,<br />

and <strong>the</strong>nce on to Point an Peele, where in <strong>the</strong> evening <strong>the</strong>y arrived in<br />

safety. In 1834 a fugitiA'e named Joe Daniel came over <strong>the</strong> line to<br />

Sandusky. Mr. Parish took him to Rev. Thomas Boston, <strong>the</strong>n living in<br />

Perkins Township. He remained some time but fearing he might be<br />

captured Mr. Boston advised him to go to Canada, and he embarked<br />

with <strong>the</strong> intention <strong>of</strong> going <strong>the</strong>re. While in Detroit en route he obtained<br />

a situation on <strong>the</strong> steamboat Sultana, and had made trips on her but<br />

was discovered, while thus employed, by his master, who Avas traveling<br />

on <strong>the</strong> boat and who at once reclaimed him and carried him back to<br />

Virginia. In less than three Aveeks Daniel Avas a passenger OA'er <strong>the</strong> line<br />

a second time. He reached Sandusky in safety, and after a short stop<br />

made his way to Canada. In 1829 a fugitive about twenty-two years <strong>of</strong><br />

age, named Price, arrived in Sandusky over <strong>the</strong> underground road, and<br />

after a time Avent to work in Perkins Township, burning lime for Samuel<br />

Walker. He was a faithful excellent boy, and strbng as a giant. He<br />

had left behind him in Kentucky a swee<strong>the</strong>art for whom he pined, and<br />

to whom he seemed greatly attached 1 . His master learned where he Avas<br />

at work, and arranged Avith a couple <strong>of</strong> men to capture and deliver <strong>the</strong><br />

boy into his hands, which accomplished, he Avould take him before an<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficer and prove his property. Knowing his fondness for this girl, <strong>the</strong><br />

men hired to effect his capture were instructed to tell him that she had<br />

also run away and on a certain night Avould he at <strong>the</strong> Sulphur Springs,<br />

a place in a Avoods just south <strong>of</strong> Oakland Cemetery, near Sandusky.<br />

Late on <strong>the</strong> night agreed <strong>the</strong> fugitive repaired to <strong>the</strong> spring to meet<br />

his swee<strong>the</strong>art, but to his surprise and disappointment did not find her,

382 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

and was leaving <strong>the</strong> place when he was suddenly set upon by <strong>the</strong>se men,<br />

knocked doAvn and bound hand and foot. He soon recovered from <strong>the</strong><br />

effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> blow he had received, and began to cry out and kicked and<br />

struggled so effectually that he freed himself from <strong>the</strong> cords and'made<br />

his escape. Returning to Mr. Walker's house he drew <strong>the</strong> money that<br />

was due him and started at once for.Canada, satisfied with his experience<br />

that night and not being Avilling to again subject himself to <strong>the</strong> risk <strong>of</strong><br />

recapture. Mrs. John Hull <strong>of</strong> Perkins and Mrs. William II. DeWitt <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky both remembered this occurrence perfectly, and it was Avell<br />

known in Sandusky at <strong>the</strong> time. In 1842 a brave Avoman named Armstrong,<br />

with her husband and one child, escaped from a plantation in<br />

Kentucky, some ten miles back from <strong>the</strong> Ohio River. After quite a delay<br />

<strong>the</strong>y reached Sandusky by .<strong>the</strong> underground, and soon were safe in<br />

Canada. Two years later this woman determined to rescue her children,<br />

seA'en <strong>of</strong> which she had left on <strong>the</strong> Kentucky plantation from which she<br />

had escaped. Dressed as a man, she, after some delays, reached her old<br />

plantation and hid at night near to a spring she knew her children visited<br />

early every morning. She was not disappointed, and next morning her<br />

eldest daughter came to <strong>the</strong> spring; she made herself known, and it<br />

was arranged that <strong>the</strong> succeeding night at bed-time <strong>the</strong>y should all meet<br />

at <strong>the</strong> spring and make <strong>the</strong>ir start for freedom. Five <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seven<br />

started with her (<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r two <strong>the</strong> master had so located in or near his<br />

own room for that night that <strong>the</strong>y could not start), but <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r dare<br />

not wait—she had five more <strong>of</strong> her dear ones and <strong>the</strong>y started.<br />

They walked rapidly all night and by early morning light crossed <strong>the</strong><br />

Ohio near Ripley, and going 'from station to station on <strong>the</strong> underground-,<br />

at length reached Sandusky, and after a short delay were safely<br />

forwarded and soon joined <strong>the</strong> husband and fa<strong>the</strong>r and child which first<br />

had been carried <strong>of</strong>f, in Maiden. It has been stated on good authority<br />

that this Mrs. Armstrong made ano<strong>the</strong>r trip and returned in safety,<br />

bringing her o<strong>the</strong>r two children. At all times <strong>the</strong> assistance given <strong>the</strong><br />

fugitives was done secretly, and especially at Sandusky, for knowing this<br />

to be <strong>the</strong> terminus <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> routes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underground road, <strong>the</strong><br />

slave-catchers made frequent visits to <strong>the</strong> place and kept a sharp watch<br />

for runaways. The laws <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country were framed to assist in a recovery<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fugitive by his master, and once discovered, it was an easy<br />

matter for him to legally obtain possession <strong>of</strong> his property. Hence<br />

secrecy Avas indispensable to secure <strong>the</strong> safe passage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fugitive from<br />

bondage into freedom. That slaves were brought through Sandusky<br />

prior to 1837 is certainly true; yet <strong>the</strong> instances were so infrequent a'nd<br />

<strong>the</strong> circumstances so little noticed at <strong>the</strong> time that it is difficult to gain<br />

much information as to <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fugitives and <strong>the</strong> incidents <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> escape.<br />

June 23, 1835, great excitement was created in Sandusky by <strong>the</strong><br />

attempt <strong>of</strong> one S. G. Wilson, a traveling agent for <strong>the</strong> Liberator, published<br />

at Boston and edited by William Lloyd Garrison, to lecture on<br />

slavery at <strong>the</strong> Methodist Church. He had obtained <strong>the</strong> consent <strong>of</strong> John<br />

Beatty, Esq.; a prominent Methodist abolitionist, and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> mayor

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 383<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town, to use <strong>the</strong> church, but on account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hostility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

people, it was not considered safe to allow him its use, and it Avas finally<br />

closed against him. A decidedly heated discussion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> advisability<br />

<strong>of</strong> allowing <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church for such purpose took place at <strong>the</strong><br />

mayor's <strong>of</strong>fice, aiid was participated in by John Beatty on behalf <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> lecturer and in favor <strong>of</strong> allowing him <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church, and by<br />

Col. John N. Sloan in opposition. The sympathy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people was with<br />

<strong>the</strong> latter at that time.<br />

The total black population <strong>of</strong> Sandusky as late as 1841 did not exceed<br />

forty, and <strong>the</strong>re were, prior to that date, not more than seven abolitionists<br />

among <strong>the</strong> white population to whom fugitives could be directed<br />

safely and from whom <strong>the</strong>y could expect aid. The.exciting discussions<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> political campaign <strong>of</strong> 1844 increased <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> abolitionists,<br />

and at <strong>the</strong> October election in that year <strong>the</strong> abolition candidate for governor,<br />

Mr. King, received in Erie County votes as follows: Vermillion 11,<br />

Florence 8, Berlin 15, Huron 1, Oxford 8, Groton 1, Margaretta 5, Perkins<br />

1, Milan 2, Portland and Sandusky City 21. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se two votes<br />

cast in Milan at this election was voted by Mr. George Barney, later residing<br />

in Sandusky, who Avas <strong>the</strong> candidate on that ticket for <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

<strong>of</strong> sheriff, and recei\'ed a total vote in <strong>the</strong> county <strong>of</strong> 66, but was not<br />

elected, Isaac Fowler, a whig, being <strong>the</strong> successful candidate.<br />

A meeting Avas held at <strong>the</strong> courthouse March 6, 1845, at Sandusky,<br />

Ohio, about <strong>the</strong> time two runaAvay slave boys had been captured, which<br />

was largely composed <strong>of</strong> and attended by <strong>the</strong> best citizens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place as<br />

related in <strong>the</strong> columns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> papers <strong>the</strong>n published. Erastus Cooke,<br />

bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Hon. Eleu<strong>the</strong>rous Cooke, Avas chairman, and James D. Lea,<br />

secretary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meeting, and John AVheeler, Charles Rice, John N.<br />

Sloane, William Carkuff and James Wright committee on resolutions,<br />

and William B. Smith on printing <strong>the</strong> proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meeting. It<br />

was stated in <strong>the</strong> printed report that <strong>the</strong> meeting Avas called to correct<br />

an erroneous impression that <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> Sandusky are so generally<br />

abolitionists that <strong>the</strong>y <strong>of</strong>fer every facility to" <strong>the</strong> fugitiA'e to make good<br />

his escape, and this meeting is more particularly called at this time in<br />

consequence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> treatment to Avhich certain citizens <strong>of</strong> Kentucky were<br />

subjected a few days since, AVIIO came here to reclaim <strong>the</strong>ir slaves. The<br />

immediate cause <strong>of</strong> said meeting arose from <strong>the</strong> following transactions:<br />

About noon <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> twenty-eighth day <strong>of</strong> February, 1845, Charles S.<br />

Mitchell, Andrew J. Driskell, Alexander B. Martin and Dennis Luony<br />

seized two black boys as fugitives from labor from <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Kentucky.<br />

One was taken in <strong>the</strong> woodhouse <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gentleman with whom he had<br />

lived, while sawing wood, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> street. The boys Avere carried<br />

to an upper room in <strong>the</strong> "Mansion House" and held under keepers. For<br />

<strong>the</strong>se acts <strong>the</strong> captors were arrested on a writ issued by Z. W. Barker,<br />

Esq., and on an examination before him, assisted by Hon. E. B. Sadler,<br />

<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> mayor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town, were ordered to give bonds in <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong><br />

$100 each for <strong>the</strong>ir appearance at <strong>the</strong> next court <strong>of</strong> common pleas, on<br />

charge <strong>of</strong> riot. Immediately an affidavit was made that <strong>the</strong> boys Dock<br />

and William were unlawfully detained, and writs <strong>of</strong> habeas corpus were

384 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

at once served on those having <strong>the</strong>m in custody. On Saturday night, by<br />

agreement <strong>of</strong> parties, Judge Farwell ordered <strong>the</strong> sheriff to take <strong>the</strong> negro<br />

boys from <strong>the</strong> custody <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir keepers at <strong>the</strong> Mansion House and confine<br />

<strong>the</strong>m in <strong>the</strong> jail until <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proceedings could be known.<br />

On Monday following <strong>the</strong>y were produced before Moors Farwell, an associate<br />

judge <strong>of</strong> Erie County, and return made <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong> capture and<br />

detention. F. D. Parish and L. S. Beecher appeared as counsel for <strong>the</strong><br />

boys, and John Wheeler and John N. Sloane as counsel for claimants.<br />

The examination and argument <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cases closed about noon on Tuesday,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> judge took <strong>the</strong> question under advisement until 9 o 'clock <strong>the</strong><br />

next morning, at Avhich time it was held that <strong>the</strong>y Avere not detained in<br />

a legal manner and <strong>the</strong>y Avere discharged.<br />

As soon as <strong>the</strong> decision was proclaimed, <strong>the</strong> boys Avere released from<br />

confinement, hurried out <strong>of</strong> town and sent to Canada. There is no<br />

doubt in this case, except for Mr. Parish, no proceedings Avould have<br />

been made, and <strong>the</strong> boys would have been returned to slavery. It Avas<br />

not, however, for aiding <strong>the</strong>se boys to escape that Mr. Parish Avas sued,<br />

but for <strong>the</strong> part he took in behalf <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r slaves Avhich <strong>the</strong>se same<br />

Kentuckians sought to reclaim on <strong>the</strong> same day, <strong>of</strong> which latter case<br />

<strong>the</strong> circumstances Avere as follows: There were at this same time two<br />

colored persons. Jane Garrison and her little boy Harrison, stopping at<br />

<strong>the</strong> house <strong>of</strong> Mr. Parish. The son <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> man claiming to own <strong>the</strong>m<br />

called at Mr. Parish's house to see <strong>the</strong>m, and stated to Mr. Parish that<br />

he was <strong>the</strong>re to reclaim <strong>the</strong>m, that <strong>the</strong>y AA'ere <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong> his fa<strong>the</strong>r,<br />

Peter Driskell <strong>of</strong> Kentucky. Mr. Parish asked by what authority.<br />

and <strong>the</strong> reply was by power <strong>of</strong> attorney, <strong>of</strong>fering to produce it. "You<br />

need not show it," said Mr. Parish, "as nothing but judicial authority<br />

Avill do." The slaves went into <strong>the</strong> house and were not seen afterwards.<br />

Suit was brought in <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States<br />

against Mr. Parish for <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> slaves, and a jury found a verdict<br />

against him for hindering and obstructing <strong>the</strong> arrest, and awarded<br />

damages against him in <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> $500, <strong>the</strong> proved A'alue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> slaves<br />

at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir escape. The amount <strong>of</strong> judgment and <strong>the</strong> costs,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> costs and expenses in <strong>the</strong> suit, $1,000 in all, Avas collected by<br />

subscription in sums <strong>of</strong> one dollar each and presented to Mr. Parish.<br />

A full report <strong>of</strong> this case can be found in fifth volume <strong>of</strong> "McLean's<br />

Reports."<br />

The rapacity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> slave power had been constantly increasing. In<br />

1842 <strong>the</strong>y censured Mr. Giddings for <strong>of</strong>fering in Congress a resolution<br />

that slavery did not extend on <strong>the</strong> high seas beyond <strong>the</strong> jurisdiction <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> state. In 1845 <strong>the</strong>y demanded <strong>the</strong> annexation <strong>of</strong> Texas Avith slavery,<br />

by Avhich a territory as large as France Avas added as a slave state to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Union.<br />

Elijah Anderson, a brave and fearless colored man, was <strong>the</strong> general<br />

superintendent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underground system in this section <strong>of</strong> Ohio, and<br />

probably conducted more fugitiA'es than any o<strong>the</strong>r dozen men up to <strong>the</strong><br />

time he was arrested, tried and convicted in Kentucky, and sentenced to<br />

<strong>the</strong> state prison- at Frankfort, where he died in 1857. Anderson said,

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 385<br />

when coming to Sandusky in 1855, that he had conducted in all, over<br />

one thousand fugitives from slavery to freedom, over eight hundred<br />

<strong>of</strong> whom he brought after <strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong> 1850 had passed. All <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

did not come to Sandusky, for after <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cleveland, <strong>Cincinnati</strong><br />

Railroad he took many to Cleveland, but Sandusky was <strong>the</strong><br />

faA'orite and most important station. One general advantage it possessed<br />

was its proximity to Canada and its sheltered position by reason<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> islands <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie, which rendered it possible and safe to make<br />

<strong>the</strong> passage, in an emergency, in a small sail or even an open row-boat,<br />

if that Avas all that could be obtained at <strong>the</strong> moment, both <strong>of</strong> which<br />

means <strong>of</strong> transportation were <strong>of</strong>ten resorted to when it was known that<br />

<strong>the</strong> slave catchers were on <strong>the</strong> ground Avatching for <strong>the</strong>ir prey, as Avas<br />

frequently <strong>the</strong> case, and Avhen an attempt to take passage on any regular<br />

boat would have been hazardous and unsafe. Sometimes <strong>the</strong><br />

fugitives would arrive in Sandusky in Avinter, and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>y would<br />

be taken across in sleighs to Point au Pelee. James Wright, who for<br />

many years kept a livery stable in Sandusky, was always ready to hire<br />

his teams, this affording assistance, though he was not an abolitionist,<br />

as <strong>the</strong>y <strong>the</strong>n called <strong>the</strong>m. He was an <strong>of</strong>ficer at <strong>the</strong> meeting in Sandusky<br />

in 1845 heret<strong>of</strong>ore described. Among <strong>the</strong> early and earnest<br />

friends <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> line were John Beatty, F. D. Parish (and Avhose house<br />

was called <strong>the</strong> "depot"), Samuel Walker, R. J. Jennings, Clifton<br />

Hadley, J. N. Davidson, Isaac Darling. Rev. John Thorpe was an<br />

efficient conductor on <strong>the</strong> underground road and a willing assistant to<br />

all passengers. And since 1848 John Irvine, Thomas Drake, William<br />

II. Clark, Sr. and Jr., L. H. Lewis, Otis L. Peck, John G. Pool, S. E.<br />

Hitchcock, Homer GoodAvin, Thomas C. McGee, George Barney, Herman<br />

Ruess, C. C. Kecch, Samuel Irvine, 0. C. McLouth, J. M. Root and<br />

II. C. Williams; o<strong>the</strong>rs might be included, but <strong>the</strong>se all gave money<br />

and, <strong>the</strong> "Irvines" especially, <strong>the</strong>ir personal aid at all times to .effect<br />

<strong>the</strong> escape <strong>of</strong> a slave. Richard Veecher, while a slave in Kentucky<br />

earned enough money to purchase his wife and children and sent<br />

<strong>the</strong>m to some point in Ohio, where he, having run away shortly after,<br />

joined <strong>the</strong>m and brought <strong>the</strong>m to Sandusky in 1848.<br />

The line <strong>of</strong> road after leaving Sandusky, its great nor<strong>the</strong>rn depot,<br />

and passing south to Huron County, had two distinct lines; one extending<br />

to Gallipolis, opposite <strong>the</strong> Virginia shore, and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r by Avay <strong>of</strong><br />

Xenia to Madison, Indiana, a town on <strong>the</strong> Ohio River opposite Kentucky.<br />

These were <strong>the</strong> principal routes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underground line until after <strong>the</strong><br />

completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Little Miami and Mad River and Lake Erie railroads,<br />

by means <strong>of</strong> which, in <strong>the</strong> year 1850', a direct connection Avas made from<br />

<strong>Cincinnati</strong> to Sandusky.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> autumn <strong>of</strong> 1850 a party <strong>of</strong> three came by <strong>the</strong> underground to<br />

Sandusky, <strong>the</strong> story <strong>of</strong> Avhose escape has brought tears to <strong>the</strong> eyes <strong>of</strong><br />

multitudes not only in this country but in Europe, yes, in every house<br />

Avhere "Uncle Tom's Cabin" has been read and where <strong>the</strong> story <strong>of</strong> Eliza<br />

Harris and her little boy crossing <strong>the</strong> Ohio River on <strong>the</strong> ice is knoAvn.<br />

George Harris, her husband, escaped some time after his wife Eliza had<br />

Vol. I—is

386 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

fled with her little boy, and <strong>the</strong>y all, after several months, safely reached<br />

Sandusky, where for two days <strong>the</strong>y were secreted, Eliza cutting short,<br />

her hair and dressing as a man, her little boy dressed as a girl and<br />

claimed by a kind-hearted woman as her own, for Eliza and her boy were<br />

almost white. This was <strong>the</strong> party that on a beautiful day boarded <strong>the</strong><br />

steamer at Sandusky, at a time when Eliza's master Avas on <strong>the</strong> Avharf,<br />

and after a few hours Avere all safely landed at Maiden, on <strong>the</strong> free soil<br />

<strong>of</strong> Canada.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> afternoon <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>20</strong>th day <strong>of</strong> October, 1852, <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky Avas <strong>the</strong> scene <strong>of</strong> vei'y great excitement, growing out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

arrest <strong>of</strong> two men, two Avomen and three children by some Kentuckians,<br />

aided by 0. Rice, <strong>the</strong>n city marshal. Three <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> slaves were claimed<br />

by one Lewis F. Wehner, and four by Charles M. Gibbons. The slaves<br />

had arrived by <strong>the</strong> afternoon train and were going on board <strong>the</strong> steamer<br />

at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> her departure for Detroit.<br />

The negroes were forcibly dragged ashore and taken to <strong>the</strong> mayor'-s<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice. The citizens were told by <strong>the</strong> marshal, as he flourished his cane,<br />

that it Avas a legal arrest and that <strong>the</strong> fugitives would be discharged<br />

unless <strong>the</strong> mayor should so decide. It was only on this understanding<br />

that he was suffered to take <strong>the</strong> negroes through <strong>the</strong> streets to <strong>the</strong><br />

mayor's <strong>of</strong>fice, a distance <strong>of</strong> over half a mile, without molestation. Mean-<br />

Avhile Mr. F. S. Hitchcock, John Irvine and John B. Lott came into <strong>the</strong><br />

law <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Rush R. Sloane and requested him to appear before <strong>the</strong><br />

mayor and learn if <strong>the</strong> negroes were properly arrested and legally detained.<br />

Upon reaching <strong>the</strong> mayor's <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>the</strong>y found <strong>the</strong> negroes <strong>the</strong>re<br />

and <strong>the</strong> room filled with excited people. Pistols and bowie knives were<br />

in <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> many. After waiting a short time Mr. Sloane asked by<br />

what authority <strong>the</strong>se persons were held. There was no reply. "Are<br />

<strong>the</strong>re any writs or papers to show why <strong>the</strong>y are held 1'' There was no<br />

reply. He <strong>the</strong>n said, speaking particularly to <strong>the</strong> men who sought this<br />

service, "I see no reason for detaining <strong>the</strong>se persons;" and at this,<br />

John B. Lott, a colored man, cried out in an excited voice, "Hustle<br />

<strong>the</strong>m out." Immediately <strong>the</strong> people, carrying <strong>the</strong> negroes along, crowded<br />

out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice, and as <strong>the</strong>y started, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kentuckians, all <strong>of</strong> whom<br />

had been standing near during <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proceedings, turned to<br />

him and said, "Here are <strong>the</strong> papers, I own <strong>the</strong> negroes, I'll hold you<br />

individually responsible for <strong>the</strong>ir escape.'' He gave <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> consoling<br />

reply that he Avas "good for <strong>the</strong>m."<br />

The negroes were that same night placed in a sail-boat in charge <strong>of</strong>.<br />

trusty conductors, and Avere received from <strong>the</strong> small boat <strong>the</strong> next day<br />

by Capt. James Nugent, a noble man, <strong>the</strong>n living at Sandusky, and<br />

secreted on board <strong>the</strong> vessel he commanded, and on <strong>the</strong> second day after<br />

were safely landed in Canada. Soon after, two suits were commenced<br />

against Mr. Sloane in <strong>the</strong> District Court <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States, at which<br />

time <strong>the</strong> whole state constituted <strong>the</strong> district and Columbus <strong>the</strong> place<br />

where <strong>the</strong> courts were held. At <strong>the</strong> October term, 1854, <strong>the</strong>'eases came<br />

on for trial. In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> Charles M. Gibbons against Rush R. Sloane,<br />

who claimed to own four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se slaves, <strong>the</strong> court instructed <strong>the</strong> jury

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 387<br />

that <strong>the</strong> poAver <strong>of</strong> attorney was defective, and to find a verdict in favor <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> defendant. In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> Lewis F. Weimer vs. Sloane, <strong>the</strong> man who<br />

owned three <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> slaves, <strong>the</strong> plaintiff obtained a judgment <strong>of</strong> $3,000<br />

and costs, Avhich, on motion <strong>the</strong> court refused to set aside. Hon. Henry<br />

Stanbury and one C<strong>of</strong>fin were <strong>the</strong> attorneys for plaintiff. Hon. Thomas<br />

Ewing, IT. II. Hunter and S. F. Vinton were attorneys for defendant.<br />

Judge Levitt presided. What <strong>the</strong> slave ordinance, miscalled law, <strong>of</strong> 1850<br />

was and what its demands and penalties were, can be seen in <strong>the</strong> now celebrated<br />

case <strong>of</strong> Weimer vs. Sloane. In this trial occurring at Columbus,<br />

<strong>the</strong> capital <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Ohio, a state which by <strong>the</strong> Ordinance <strong>of</strong> 1787<br />

had been forever dedicated to freedom, and Avith <strong>the</strong> facts in <strong>the</strong> case<br />

clearly proved, <strong>the</strong> United States judge gave <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> case to <strong>the</strong><br />

jury, based on decisions made under <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> 1793, and not under <strong>the</strong><br />

act <strong>of</strong> 1850, to Avhich act no reference Avas made in his charge.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 1853 four fugitives arrived at Sandusky, coming<br />

over <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong> & Sandusky Railroad, and Avho Avere allowed by a„<br />

noble-hearted conductor to leave <strong>the</strong> train just east <strong>of</strong> Mill's Creek, and<br />

before reaching <strong>the</strong> cribbing Avhere <strong>the</strong> road runs a short space in<br />

deep water. Just north <strong>of</strong> where <strong>the</strong> negroes were left, <strong>the</strong>re was on<br />

<strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> railroad a little cluster <strong>of</strong> bushes and trees, and<br />

here, until night, <strong>the</strong> party Avas secreted. Meanwhile Mr. John Irvine,<br />

who is mentioned before, had arranged for a "sharpee," a small sailboat<br />

used by fishermen, with one George Sweigels to sail <strong>the</strong> boat.<br />

to Canada with this party, for which service Captain Sweigels was to and<br />

did receive $35. One man accompanied Captain Sweigels, and at 8<br />

o'clock in <strong>the</strong> evening <strong>the</strong> party in this small boat started to cross Lake<br />

Erie; <strong>the</strong> wind was favorable, and before morning Point au Pelee Island<br />

was reached, and <strong>the</strong> next day <strong>the</strong> four escaped fugitives were in Canada.<br />

Captain Sweigels later resided in Sandusky. In <strong>the</strong> year 1854 a<br />

party <strong>of</strong> seven runaway slaves were put on <strong>the</strong> cars <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky,<br />

Mansfield & Newark Road and safely brought to Sandusky. The earnest<br />

men <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> different stations from time to time received Grape Vine telegraph<br />

dispatches and were always ready to act with promptness in facilitating<br />

<strong>the</strong> onward progress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fugitive. In <strong>the</strong> above instance, when<br />

<strong>the</strong> slaves reached <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bay, a small tAvo-masted sailboat Avas<br />

in waiting, as it had been learned that it Avould not be safe to send<br />

<strong>the</strong> party by <strong>the</strong> Detroit boat, <strong>the</strong> agents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> owners being in town and<br />

watching <strong>the</strong> steamer daily. Captain Sweigels Avas also engaged in this<br />

exploit, and it came near being a disastrous one, for after <strong>the</strong> boat was<br />

in <strong>the</strong> lake <strong>the</strong> wind increased so much that she Avas almost swamped, but<br />

at last Avas run safely into a small creek on <strong>the</strong> shore <strong>of</strong> Canada. The<br />

Messrs. Irvine, II. F. Merry, George Reynolds and a conductor on <strong>the</strong><br />

railroad above named could have given fur<strong>the</strong>r particulars <strong>of</strong> this incident.<br />

The largest number <strong>of</strong> fugitiA'es that Avas ever brought over <strong>the</strong> road<br />

at one time Avas twenty.<br />

One escape that occurred in 1855 is worth notice: a poor slave had<br />

been able by SIOAV stages, now a ride and <strong>the</strong>n a Avalk, to reach Shelby,

388 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

and to which place he had been tracked. The departure <strong>of</strong> each train<br />

was watched, and <strong>the</strong> kind friend (in need) at Avhose house he was<br />

secreted conceived a plan for his escape which he effected, communicating<br />

by Grape Vine telegraph <strong>the</strong> details to Sandusky friends. On a certain<br />

train going north Avas placed in charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> express agent a c<strong>of</strong>fin containing<br />

a poor man, but whose friends wanted his remains carried to Sandusky<br />

for interment. The rough box had knotty holes aud plenty <strong>of</strong><br />

shavings had been put in around <strong>the</strong> "body." The train started, and<br />

in about two hours <strong>the</strong> "remains" were taken in charge by S. R. Irvine<br />

and o<strong>the</strong>rs, taken to a friendly house and <strong>the</strong> "casket" opened. The<br />

eyes were blood-shot, <strong>the</strong> mouth Avas foaming, <strong>the</strong> poor man nearly dead.<br />

A doctor was quickly summoned, and soon <strong>the</strong> "corpse" Avas in a healthy<br />

state. He Avas kept a few days and <strong>the</strong>n in safety sent to Canada. In<br />

<strong>the</strong> winter <strong>of</strong> 1858 a party <strong>of</strong> six Avomen and five men arrived. It was a<br />

cold winter and <strong>the</strong> lake frozen across. This party had come on foot, in<br />

wagons, on railroad, and again on foot, walking into Sandusky at night.<br />

Some had shoes, or what had been, some had stockings, and some had only<br />

old rags tied around <strong>the</strong>ir feet. The party at midnight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second<br />

day after <strong>the</strong>ir arrival was started <strong>of</strong>f in a double sleigh. The moon Avas<br />

full, and everything promised a nice journey and an early arrival in<br />

Canada. All went well until <strong>the</strong>y were nearly across, when a blinding<br />

snow storm came up and <strong>the</strong>y Avandered all night on <strong>the</strong> lake, and when<br />

daylight came <strong>the</strong>y found <strong>the</strong>mselves back near Marblehead Light, almost<br />

where <strong>the</strong>y had started. The driver was determined to return to Sandusky<br />

(he had been engaged to drive <strong>the</strong> negroes to Canada by <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

Sandusky friends), but <strong>the</strong> blacks compelled him to turn around and drive<br />

<strong>the</strong>m to <strong>the</strong> queen's domain, Point an Pelee Island, where <strong>the</strong>y were left<br />

and remained during <strong>the</strong> winter.<br />

Of <strong>the</strong> fugitives who had been brought to Sandusky since 1850 by <strong>the</strong><br />

underground road are <strong>the</strong> following: William Larkins, John Butler,<br />

Simpson Young, Moses Granees, William Resby, R. Dooty, George Bartlett,<br />

S. Bartlett and AVilliam Bartlett, Nancy Young, Martha Young,<br />

Allen Smith, Claracy Gibson, one Gilkner, B. Howard, M. Coleman, B.<br />

McKees, William Roberson, B. Franklin. T. Maddocks, L. Howard, J.<br />

Freeman, H. Moss, R. Anderson, AVilliam Hamilton, I. Gleason, wife and<br />

daughter, I. Moore, Sarah Moore, C. Boyd, R, Green, R. Taylor. D. Bell,<br />

II. Washington, T. Roberson, F. Bush, Avife and son, E. Bell, I. Freemat,<br />

H. Cole, IT. Johnson, J. W. Coleman, Palmer Pruitt, T. Burnett,<br />

wife and three children, S. Falkner, D. Gatewood, I. D. Brant, II. Bartlett,<br />

J. HanshaAV, Avife and two children, II. TIanshaw, P. Scott, I.<br />

Howard, Virginia; G. Brown, Virginia; G. Brown, Kentucky: 1. Marshall,<br />

Avife and four children, a very small portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole number, but<br />

no record Avas kept, <strong>of</strong> course, and in <strong>the</strong> lapse <strong>of</strong> time <strong>the</strong> names have<br />

been forgotten.

CHAPTER XXXII<br />

RAILROADS IN ERIE COUNTY<br />

The report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> Words <strong>of</strong> Ohio, <strong>of</strong> January 16,<br />

1838, shows <strong>the</strong> following named railroad companies <strong>the</strong>n chartered and<br />

receiving subscriptions by <strong>the</strong> state to <strong>the</strong>ir capital stock: The Ohio<br />

Railroad Co., <strong>the</strong> Monroeville & Sandusky City Railroad Co., <strong>the</strong> Painesville<br />

& Fairport Railroad Co.<br />

The board in its report <strong>of</strong> February 9, 1838, slates that <strong>the</strong> estimated<br />

cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Monroeville & Sandusky City Railroad Avas $56,000, <strong>of</strong> which<br />

<strong>the</strong> amount <strong>the</strong> company was entitled to from <strong>the</strong> state if <strong>the</strong> Avork was<br />

completed Avas $18,666, and <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> credit already loaned was<br />

<strong>the</strong>n $14,667.<br />

In addition, <strong>the</strong> report SIIOAVS that applications had been made to<br />

<strong>the</strong> board from <strong>the</strong> following railroad company, <strong>of</strong> Avhich <strong>the</strong> plans<br />

and estimated cost <strong>of</strong> each work had been approved by <strong>the</strong> board as<br />

follows:<br />

The Ohio Railroad, estimated cost $1,975,413<br />

Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad, estimated cost.. 1,<strong>20</strong>0,000<br />

Little Miami, estimated cost 596,060<br />

For <strong>the</strong>se <strong>the</strong> anticipated loan <strong>of</strong> credit if <strong>the</strong>y should be completed<br />

Avere:<br />

Ohio Railroad $658,371<br />

Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad 400,000<br />

Little Miami Railroad 198,686<br />

To <strong>the</strong> Mad River & Lake Erie $100,000 had been paid by special law.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 5th <strong>of</strong> March, 1842, <strong>the</strong> commissioners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> canal fund, in<br />

a special report to <strong>the</strong> Legislature, stated that <strong>the</strong> folloAving amounts<br />

had been advanced by <strong>the</strong> state to railroad companies:<br />

Lake Erie & Mad River , $270,000<br />

Monroeville & Sandusky City 33,333<br />

, «Painesville & Fairport 6,182<br />

Ohio Railroad 249,000<br />

Little Miami 115.000<br />

Vermillion & Ashland 44,000<br />

These six Avere <strong>the</strong> first railway enterprises in Ohio receiving aid<br />

from <strong>the</strong> state, and four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m crossed portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Firelands. The<br />

389

390 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Ohio and <strong>the</strong> Vermillion & Ashland railroads have only left <strong>the</strong>ir scars<br />

behind <strong>the</strong>m, traced in long lines <strong>of</strong> trees felled and spiles driven along<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir abandoned tracks through <strong>the</strong> forests.<br />

Had <strong>the</strong> large; sums received and wasted along <strong>the</strong>ir whole lines been<br />

expended in completing and putting <strong>the</strong> cars in motion over a part <strong>the</strong>y<br />

would have so far resulted in a success. As it was <strong>the</strong>y ended in a total<br />

loss to <strong>the</strong> state and to all involved in <strong>the</strong>ir reckless mismanagement.<br />

The Monroeville & Sandusky City Railroad was wisely and successfully<br />

managed, becoming afterwards <strong>the</strong> Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad,<br />

and now operated under lease by <strong>the</strong> Baltimore & Ohio Company.<br />

Throughout its long history it has been <strong>of</strong> great benefit to <strong>the</strong> state at<br />

large, and especially to this portion <strong>of</strong> it. The Lake Erie & Mad River<br />

Railroad Avas also successfully completed and is now part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> line<br />

extending from Lake Erie to <strong>the</strong> Ohio River.<br />

The most successful and useful <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present railway lines across <strong>the</strong><br />

Firelands are those which have been constructed without any Government<br />

aid.<br />

The following from <strong>the</strong> report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> secretary <strong>of</strong> state <strong>of</strong> Ohio, for<br />

<strong>the</strong> year 1889, shows <strong>the</strong> mileage, including main tracks and sidings, or<br />

railroads <strong>the</strong>n operated within <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> Huron and Erie counties,<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir tax valuation and taxes paid by <strong>the</strong>m.for that year:<br />

ERIE COUNTY<br />

Mileage Valuation Taxes<br />

Baltimore & Ohio, L. E. Div 23.38 $238,044.00 $ 4.734.33<br />

Lake Shore & Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn.. 52.26 851.172.00 15.089.42<br />

Lake Erie & Western 11.28 83.773.00 1.523.87<br />

New York. Chicago & St. Louis.... 29.38 307,411.00 3,804.34<br />

Wheeling & Lake Erie 11.53 80,550.00 1.407.50<br />

<strong>Cincinnati</strong>, Sandusky & Cleveland 17.22 160,100.00 3,723.54<br />

Totals 145.05 $1,721,010.00 $30,283.00<br />

The Monroeville & Sandusky City Railroad Company chartered<br />

March 9, 1835, and <strong>the</strong> Mansfield & New Haven Railroad Company<br />

chartered March 12, 1836. were united as <strong>the</strong> Mansfield & Sandusky<br />

City Railroad Company, which consolidated with <strong>the</strong> Columbus & Lake<br />

Erie Company (chartered March 12. 1845) on <strong>the</strong> 23d day <strong>of</strong> November.<br />

1853. under <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad<br />

Company, which is still <strong>the</strong> legal owner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> right <strong>of</strong> way from Sandusky<br />

to Newark, Ohio. On February 13. 1869. to evade <strong>the</strong> Ohio<br />

statute against foreign railroads leasing Ohio railroads, <strong>the</strong> road was<br />

leased to <strong>the</strong> Central Ohio Railroad Company, <strong>the</strong> rent being guaranteed<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, which is <strong>the</strong> oAvner <strong>of</strong> substantially<br />

all <strong>the</strong> stock <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad<br />

Company. When operated as a horse railroad <strong>the</strong> rails were made <strong>of</strong><br />

hardwood, and <strong>the</strong> road ran through Franklin Street, Avith a depot in

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 391<br />

front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wayne Hotel on Water Street. The depot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Baltimore<br />

& Ohio Road was for many years in a wooden house on <strong>the</strong> south side<br />

<strong>of</strong> Market Street, just west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> track <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Baltimore & Ohio until<br />

about 1910, when <strong>the</strong> present modern depot between Market and Washington<br />

streets was constructed.<br />

The following account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Mansfield & Sandusky Railroad was<br />

originally published in <strong>the</strong> Railroader <strong>of</strong> August 12, 1882, and found<br />

in an old scrap book formerly belonging to Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke and now<br />

in <strong>the</strong> possession <strong>of</strong> Fred Frey:<br />

"Thinking perhaps a few lines in regard to railroading in <strong>the</strong> olden<br />

time may interest your younger readers, I will try and give you a few<br />

items <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first railroad built in Ohio, <strong>the</strong> Mansfield & Sandusky City<br />

(now The Baltimore & Ohio). When this road was projected <strong>the</strong> Avriter<br />

was a small boy living at Shelby, now an important point on <strong>the</strong> road,<br />

and he well remembers <strong>the</strong> first meeting held at <strong>the</strong> old schoolhouse in <strong>the</strong><br />

interest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> enterprise. Among <strong>the</strong> speakers present was a Mr. Purely<br />

<strong>of</strong> Mansfield, who made <strong>the</strong> astounding declaration that if <strong>the</strong> road was<br />

The First Steam Railroad Passenger Train in America.<br />

built <strong>the</strong>y could start a train from Mansfield in <strong>the</strong> morning and run it<br />

through to Sandusky, forty-seven miles in one day, and that <strong>the</strong> locomotive<br />

could haul ten cars, and each car carry one hundred 'and fifty<br />

bushels <strong>of</strong> wheat, making fifteen hundred bushels <strong>of</strong> wheat that could<br />

be hauled in one train <strong>of</strong> cars. Everybody was invited to take stock,<br />

and everybody did take stock and <strong>the</strong> work was begun and pushed forward<br />

wifh commendable zeal. The road was laitl with strap rail in this wise:<br />

First timbers called mudsills, 8 by 12, were imbedded in <strong>the</strong> ground<br />

lengthwise <strong>the</strong> track, <strong>the</strong>n crosstics were laid on <strong>the</strong>se mudsills, <strong>the</strong> ties<br />

were notched over <strong>the</strong> mudsills, and stringers 4 by 6 inches were laid in<br />

<strong>the</strong> notches and wedged fast. Then •ano<strong>the</strong>r strip 2 by 4 inches called<br />

ribbons was spiked to <strong>the</strong> stringers and <strong>the</strong> iron rails (somewhat heavier<br />

than <strong>the</strong> ordinary wagontire) was spiked on to <strong>the</strong> ribbon and <strong>the</strong> road<br />

was completed. Time and space will not permit me to give a full<br />

description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> locomotive and cars used on this road. Suffice it to say<br />

that <strong>the</strong> locomotives were not as large as those now in use on our narrow<br />

gauge roads, while this road was wider by several inches than our standard<br />

gauge. The passenger cars were about one-third <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> our present<br />

ears. A Mr. Jones was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first passenger conductors, and was a

392 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

man <strong>of</strong> great pluck and energy as <strong>the</strong> following will show: One day as<br />

Jones Avas going South near Plymouth his train was ditched. It was a<br />

cold stormy day, very muddy, with nearly a foot <strong>of</strong> snow on top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

mud. They had but lately begun to carry <strong>the</strong> mail. There was no<br />

telegraph and no sleigh nor wagon could get through with <strong>the</strong> mail.<br />

Yet <strong>the</strong> mail must go. Passengers could wait. So Jones hired a pair<br />

<strong>of</strong> horses, hitched <strong>the</strong>m to a handcar (<strong>the</strong>y had no cattle guards nor<br />

bridges in those days), put <strong>the</strong> mail in <strong>the</strong> hand ear and came on to<br />

Shelby. There lm hired a fresh team and came on to Mansfield. At<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r time after he got six miles out <strong>of</strong> Mansfield he remembered he<br />

had forgotten <strong>the</strong> mail. He stopped <strong>the</strong> train, backed to Mansfield, got<br />

<strong>the</strong> mail and Avent on his Avay all right. C. G. Mack, <strong>the</strong>n a mere lad,<br />

carried <strong>the</strong> mail from <strong>the</strong> depot to <strong>the</strong> post <strong>of</strong>fice for which he received<br />

$1.50 a month. Here he received his first lessons in railroading and<br />

afterward rose to <strong>the</strong> position <strong>of</strong> Superintendent <strong>of</strong> an important Indiana<br />

road."<br />

I'pon <strong>the</strong> ground now occupied by <strong>the</strong> Wells Fargo Express Company<br />

in 1840 was David Campbell's bookstore and <strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong>fice. A little<br />

east <strong>of</strong> it was a small railroad turntable, <strong>the</strong> terminus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Sandusky<br />

& Monroeville horse railroad. Old Luke Ballard handled <strong>the</strong><br />

reins. The whistle was a tin horn and <strong>the</strong> last signal <strong>of</strong> departure was<br />

<strong>the</strong> crack <strong>of</strong> Luke's whip. The snakeheads and frowning banks and<br />

deep shadows <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deep cut were terrors to <strong>the</strong> travelers on this great<br />

thoroughfare.<br />

The Sandusky Register <strong>of</strong> October 26, 1890, describes <strong>the</strong> railroad<br />

cars oAvnod and operated by The Sandusky & Monroeville Horse Railroad.<br />

They held thirty passengers, and were drawn by two horses,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> trip took two hours. The freight ears required four hours, and<br />

were square boxes covered with tarpaulin holding 140 bushels.<br />

THE OLD MAD RIVER RAILROAD<br />

The annual report <strong>of</strong> Hon. E. Lane, president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River &<br />

Lake Erie Railroad Co., for <strong>the</strong> year ending June 21, 1853, furnished<br />

a very interesting historical sketch <strong>of</strong> that, <strong>the</strong> second pioneer <strong>of</strong> Ohio<br />

railways in point <strong>of</strong> operation, but first in organization work <strong>of</strong> construction.<br />

The company was chartered in January, 1832, and organized February<br />

22d, following, being <strong>the</strong> only railway corporation <strong>the</strong>n in existence<br />

in Ohio. An experimental line was run and estimates prepared<br />

in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1832 and spring <strong>of</strong> '1833, and <strong>the</strong> first annual meeting<br />

<strong>of</strong> stockholders held January 8, 1834. July 6, 1835, James II. Bell<br />

commenced his labors as civil engineer and on <strong>the</strong> Kith <strong>of</strong> September<br />

reported <strong>the</strong> line between Sandusky and Tiffin located and <strong>the</strong> grading<br />

and bridging under construction.<br />

The ceremony <strong>of</strong> "breaking ground" at <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn commencement<br />

<strong>of</strong> this road took place at Sandusky, September 17, 1835, and was<br />

attended by demonstrations <strong>of</strong> interest unusual in such cases, and quite

HISTORY" OF ERIE COUNTY 393<br />

without precedent in that connection, it being <strong>the</strong> first occasion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

kind in <strong>the</strong> western states. The day was ushered in with a national<br />

salute, at that time consisting <strong>of</strong> twenty-four guns. At 11 o'clock a<br />

procession Avas formed in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Steamboat (since <strong>the</strong> Verandah)<br />

Hotel, with Gen. W. II. Mills as marshal, assisted by Major White and<br />

Captain Kinney. The procession was headed by <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Rifle<br />

Corps and o<strong>the</strong>r military; <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Monroeville & Sandusky<br />

Railroad, president and directors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad Ri\ r er Road, and <strong>the</strong> chiefs<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wyandot Nation from Upper Sandusky.<br />

The point selected for <strong>the</strong> ceremony was on <strong>the</strong> East Battery, at <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>n nor<strong>the</strong>astern boundary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city, a point on a side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same<br />

opposite to what came to be <strong>the</strong> terminus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road. Here <strong>the</strong> exercises<br />

were introduced with prayer by Rev. J. E. Chaplin, <strong>the</strong>n principal<br />

<strong>of</strong> Norwalk Seminary: after which <strong>the</strong> address was delivered by lion.<br />

Hleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke. The most conspicuous personage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> occasion was<br />

(fen. Win. 11. Harrison, to whom and to whose military and civil record,<br />

.Mr. Cooke made prominent reference in his .remarks.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> this address, <strong>the</strong> president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> railroad company<br />

with General Harrison, supported by <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company in <strong>the</strong><br />

presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> assemblage, proceeded to'break ground upon railway<br />

line, which act was followed by twenty-four guns. This being accomplished,<br />

<strong>the</strong>-procession again formed and marched to <strong>the</strong> Mansion House,<br />

where a dinner had been prepared by <strong>the</strong> landlord, Mr. Henry Victor.<br />

lion. Isaac A. Mills, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, acted as president, with Oran Follett<br />

and John Wccden, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, and John Fish, <strong>of</strong> Monroeville, as vice<br />

presidents.<br />

The dinner over, <strong>the</strong> regular toasts were presented, one <strong>of</strong> which ,<br />

was complimentary to General Harrison, who responded in a speec\i<br />

<strong>of</strong> some length, in which besides recognizing <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

improvement <strong>the</strong>n inaugurated, referred to <strong>the</strong> early history <strong>of</strong> Ohio<br />

and <strong>the</strong> West with which he was so prominently identified.<br />

The means <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company <strong>the</strong>n consisted almost wholly <strong>of</strong> subscriptions,<br />

payable in land. At <strong>the</strong> session <strong>of</strong> 1835-36, <strong>the</strong> Legislature passed<br />

what came to he known as <strong>the</strong> "Pluredon Law," in doing which <strong>the</strong><br />

credit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, to <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> $<strong>20</strong>0,000, was loaned to this<br />

company, and under <strong>the</strong> same act county subscriptions were obtained,<br />

with which means <strong>the</strong> work was prosecuted under constant embarrassments<br />

during <strong>the</strong> twenty years following <strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> charter, until<br />

in 1852. <strong>the</strong> line was opened from Sandusky to Dayton, a distance <strong>of</strong> 157<br />

miles. Some idea <strong>of</strong> what this struggle was may be had when it is known,<br />

that it took four years (to 1839) to get <strong>the</strong> road in operation to Bellevue<br />

(fifteen miles), <strong>the</strong> next thirteen years being spent on <strong>the</strong> line<br />

south <strong>of</strong> that point.<br />

In common with all American railways at that date, <strong>the</strong> Mad River<br />

first used <strong>the</strong> flat or strap rail, selecting <strong>the</strong> lightest known pattern, being<br />

two and one-half inches wide, five-eighths thick and weighing twenty-two<br />

pounds to <strong>the</strong> yard, or nineteen tons to <strong>the</strong> mile. This was supported<br />

by continuous wooden sills. Sp light a structure soon gave way, when

394 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

heavier flat rails- were substituted. Ere long this would not permit <strong>the</strong><br />

speed demanded by <strong>the</strong> traveling public to say nothing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> serious<br />

peril to passengers and property, arising from what were known as<br />

"snake-heads," consisting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> loose ends <strong>of</strong> rails, which so <strong>of</strong>ten came<br />

crashing through <strong>the</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cars from <strong>the</strong> track below. To meet<br />

this demand, <strong>the</strong> T rail was supplied, and <strong>the</strong> bed graveled.<br />

Judge Lane's report referred with some detail to <strong>the</strong> matter <strong>of</strong> change<br />

in <strong>the</strong> route <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road between Sandusky and Tiffin, which was changed<br />

from <strong>the</strong> original location via Bellevue, to <strong>the</strong> track <strong>of</strong> what was <strong>the</strong>n<br />

known as <strong>the</strong> Sandusky'& Indiana Road, via Clyde. Such change <strong>of</strong><br />

route was <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> much discussion at <strong>the</strong> time, and <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong><br />

much feeling on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> Bellevue, Republic and o<strong>the</strong>r points on <strong>the</strong><br />

old line. Judge Lane stated that <strong>the</strong> road by Bellevue traversed <strong>the</strong><br />

outer edge <strong>of</strong> a limestone formation, a district abounding in sink-holes<br />

and nearly destitute <strong>of</strong> running water, rendering it impracticable to<br />

obtain <strong>the</strong> requisite supply <strong>of</strong> water. Nor could proper gravel be found<br />

on <strong>the</strong> route. Upon examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se facts, and <strong>the</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r facts<br />

that <strong>the</strong> route was nearly four -miles out <strong>of</strong> a straight line, <strong>the</strong> directors<br />

sought to ascertain by what means such location could have been made.<br />

Engineer Bell's report in 1835 gave his reasons for his preference <strong>of</strong><br />

route: That <strong>the</strong> "deep ravines," "immense embankments" and "high<br />

bridges," <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> straight line would be very expensive, <strong>the</strong> grading alone<br />

costing $<strong>20</strong>0,000, while both grading and bridging on <strong>the</strong> Bellevue route<br />

would be only $71,360, with a maximum grade <strong>of</strong> eighteen feet to <strong>the</strong><br />

mile. Ano<strong>the</strong>r consideration with him consisted in <strong>the</strong> large donations<br />

"<strong>of</strong> lots" made by <strong>the</strong> "enterprising proprietors" <strong>of</strong> Bellevue. To<br />

determine how much <strong>the</strong>re was <strong>of</strong> truth in such comparison <strong>of</strong> routes<br />

by Fngineer Bell, <strong>the</strong> company had a survey made <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> straight line,<br />

when every position relied upon by him was found to be untrue. It was<br />

ascertained that Tiffin was thirty-three miles from Sandusky, and 179<br />

feet above that point; that a road could be constructed between <strong>the</strong>m<br />

scarcely differing from an air line, with a regular grade not exceeding<br />

seven feet to <strong>the</strong> mile, except in crossing <strong>the</strong> Cleveland and Toledo road<br />

at Clyde, where it was fifteen feet for one and one-half miles.. There<br />

were found no streams or ravines or embankments. On <strong>the</strong> old route.<br />

<strong>the</strong> altitude <strong>of</strong> Tiffin was reached within fifteen miles <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, and<br />

that compelled to surmount an additional elevation <strong>of</strong> 132 feet, and<br />

descend <strong>the</strong> same to Tiffin, nearly a total rise <strong>of</strong> 311, and a descent <strong>of</strong><br />

132 feet. According to <strong>the</strong> equation <strong>of</strong> lines fixed by books on engineering,<br />

<strong>the</strong> saving <strong>of</strong> a mile in* distance is equal to <strong>the</strong> saving <strong>of</strong> $50,000<br />

capital, and a rise <strong>of</strong> twenty feet equivalent to a mile <strong>of</strong> level road.<br />

Under <strong>the</strong>se rules, it was ascertained that in this case <strong>the</strong> saving <strong>of</strong> a<br />

straight line over <strong>the</strong> Bellevue route was equivalent to ten miles in<br />

distance, or $500,00(Hn capital. Judge Lane <strong>the</strong>n said: "It is not for<br />

us to conjecture <strong>the</strong> influence under which <strong>the</strong> engineer was led to act.<br />

but <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Bellevue is reported to have been selected in compliment<br />

to him. and now known, that at that time he himself was one <strong>of</strong><br />

those 'enterprising proprietors,' ,vhose spirit IK; commends."

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 395<br />

In order to prevent a change <strong>of</strong> route, citizens <strong>of</strong> Bellevue obtained<br />

an injunction, restraining <strong>the</strong> company from such action. So important,<br />

however, did <strong>the</strong> company regard matters that a new organization—<strong>the</strong><br />

Sandusky & Indiana Railroad Company?—was provided, under which<br />

<strong>the</strong> Clyde line was built, when it was permanently leased to <strong>the</strong> Mad<br />

River Company, and <strong>the</strong> old line subsequently abandoned.<br />

Judge Lane's report felicitates <strong>the</strong> stockholders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road on <strong>the</strong><br />

provision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> steamers Mississippi and St. Lawrence, which had "perfected<br />

<strong>the</strong> connection between New York and <strong>the</strong> Ohio River, and perhaps<br />

between New York and Chicago,"—a felicitation, which,, in common<br />

with o<strong>the</strong>rs based on water competition with <strong>the</strong> rail in passenger<br />

business, was soon doomed to failure. The name <strong>of</strong> this road was subsequently<br />

changed to <strong>Cincinnati</strong>, Sandusky & Cleveland, and later known<br />

Tin: CATHOLIC BIRYING GROUND. SI WAVING PART OF THE OLD MAD RIVER<br />

ROADBED<br />

as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indiana. Burlington & Western Railway, and now part<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Big Four System.<br />

The suit <strong>of</strong> Chapman & Harkness vs. The Mad River Railroad Company,<br />

for injunction restraining <strong>the</strong> latter from building or using <strong>the</strong><br />

new track between Sandusky and Tiffin via Clyde, was decided January<br />

22. 1857. The Supreme Court refused such relief and provided for compensation<br />

to plaintiffs for stock subscribed, property depreciated in<br />

value, right <strong>of</strong> way, etc.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> October 21. 1889, prints a part <strong>of</strong> a pamphlet printed<br />

in 1833 entitled "Considerations on <strong>the</strong> future prospects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad<br />

River & Lake Erie railroad." It states:<br />

"By an <strong>of</strong>ficial report printed in <strong>the</strong> year 1832 it appears that <strong>the</strong>re<br />

were transported on <strong>the</strong> Miami canal down to <strong>Cincinnati</strong> 97,978 barrels<br />

<strong>of</strong> flour. 19.750 barrels <strong>of</strong> pork, and 40,425 barrels <strong>of</strong> whisky. That<br />

canal is only sixty-five miles long. Should <strong>the</strong> whole country between

396 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>Cincinnati</strong> and Sandusky become thickly settled and highly populated<br />

and should <strong>the</strong> whole surplus produce <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> immediate country and a<br />

share <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Miami canal transportation all be brought into this railroad<br />

what must be <strong>the</strong> quantity and what <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> this produce? What<br />

<strong>the</strong> quantity and what <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> goods on return? And what<br />

must, be <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> passengers on this railroad .'<br />

"At this time <strong>the</strong> old Mad river road ran into Sandusky on Pearl<br />

Street (<strong>the</strong>n called Railroad Street). The engine bad no cab and when<br />

it rained <strong>the</strong> engineer stopped <strong>the</strong> train and went into a N convcnient<br />

farmhouse till <strong>the</strong> rain was over. The passenger cars had seats along<br />

<strong>the</strong> sides like horse cars and were about <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> a stage coach containing<br />

about sixteen passengers. The freight cars were about <strong>the</strong> size<br />

<strong>of</strong> cars now used in digging coal or cement."<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> November <strong>20</strong>, 1883, contains <strong>the</strong> following statement :<br />

"The New York Times <strong>of</strong> November 6th contains itfc announcement<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> William Swinburne, <strong>the</strong> builder <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>^irst railroad locomotive<br />

ever turned out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> famous Paterson, New Jersey, shops. This<br />

locomotive was <strong>the</strong> 'Sandusky' and was built to run on what was <strong>the</strong>n<br />

known as <strong>the</strong> Mad River road (now part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 'Big Four') which was<br />

<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> only railroad west <strong>of</strong> Utica, New York, and was a strap railroad<br />

running from Sandusky via Bellevue to Tiffin. The locomotive was<br />

placed on <strong>the</strong> old Jersey railroad on October (itb, 1837, for a trial trip<br />

and as it was found to work satisfactorily it was a few days later shipped<br />

from Paterson on a scow'to New York Bay and from <strong>the</strong>re via <strong>the</strong> Hudson<br />

and canal to Buffalo at which place it was placed aboard <strong>the</strong>. schooner<br />

Sandusky commanded by Captain McGee and brought here.<br />

"Captain McGee says <strong>the</strong> new locomotive had been <strong>the</strong> talk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

country hereabouts for weeks and every one was curious to see it. When<br />

<strong>the</strong> schooner landed with it here on December 2d. 1837, McGee found<br />

a great crowd <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people in town <strong>the</strong>y having flocked into <strong>the</strong> city<br />

from all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county to get a look at <strong>the</strong> pioneer locomotive.<br />

The late Thomas Hogg for many years a resident <strong>of</strong> Ottawa County,<br />

Ohio, and who had helped build <strong>the</strong> engine, came up from Buffalo on<br />

<strong>the</strong> schooner and assisted in unloading <strong>the</strong> locomotive at what is now<br />

known as Marsh's dock at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Wayne Street. The Mad River<br />

railroad ran along Wayne street at that time and <strong>the</strong> locomotive after a<br />

good deal <strong>of</strong> hard work was gotten on <strong>the</strong> track at a point near when?<br />

<strong>the</strong> United States Express Company now stands. Tt was a great day for<br />

Sandusky when that engine arrived. Captain McGee tells us that with<br />

few exceptions every man in town celebrated <strong>the</strong> eA'ent. Those who did<br />

not celebrate were ei<strong>the</strong>r sick abed or were temperance men and would<br />

not."<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> November 16. 1887. describes <strong>the</strong> unloading <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

engine, Sandusky, December 2, 1837. and says it was drawn by an ox<br />

team on a sled to Knight's blacksmith shop on Columbus Avenue, near<br />

where <strong>the</strong> American Bank now stands, where <strong>the</strong> blacksmith work was<br />

completed, and <strong>the</strong> engine set up. It was a little larger than <strong>the</strong> engines<br />

now used to haul and operate threshing machines.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 397<br />

On November 19, 1906, Isaac Coles died. He came to Sandusky in .<br />

1848. His first job was to saw six cords <strong>of</strong> wood for 50 cents for <strong>the</strong><br />

Townsend House. He later owned a team, and used to tell <strong>of</strong> hauling<br />

cars on <strong>the</strong> old Mad River road on Water Street that had four wheels<br />

and were eight feet long, and would contain twenty-five barrels <strong>of</strong> flour.<br />

The boxcars were Utile larger than a wagon box; <strong>the</strong>re were ten <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m<br />

to a. train, which made eight or ten miles ail hour.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> December 10, 1864, described <strong>the</strong> luxurious wood<br />

train <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River Railroad. This was a train operated to cut<br />

down and ga<strong>the</strong>r wood to be burned by <strong>the</strong> old wood-burning locomotives.<br />

The train seems to have been about half as luxurious as <strong>the</strong> ordinary<br />

work train <strong>of</strong> a modern road.<br />

The Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong> June 8, 1849, contains <strong>the</strong> timetable <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Mad River Road announcing <strong>the</strong> rates <strong>of</strong> fare to various points.<br />

It is somewhat interesting to observe that at this time butter was<br />

worth 10 cents a pound and eggs 6Vi cents a dozen, and that <strong>the</strong> present<br />

fare to Tiffin is 56 cents and Avas <strong>the</strong>n $1.50.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> May 27, 1848, advertises that it. will make <strong>the</strong> trip<br />

from Sandusky to <strong>Cincinnati</strong> via <strong>the</strong> Little Miami Railroad in nineteen<br />

hours.<br />

On May <strong>20</strong>. 1911, Samuel J. Ca<strong>the</strong>rman died at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> ninety-<br />

Ihree. He designed <strong>the</strong> reversible seats for passenger cars and invented<br />

<strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> end doors for passenger coaches instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> side doors<br />

used up to that time.<br />

The .Junction Railroad was originally organized to connect <strong>the</strong> railroad<br />

between Cleveland and Toledo through Sandusky. Its charter is<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Carnegie <strong>Library</strong>. On June 28, 1850, a meeting was held to help<br />

<strong>the</strong> road at Euterpean Hall. On November 17, 1850, <strong>the</strong> contract to<br />

build <strong>the</strong> road was let, and <strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong> July 8, 1853, describes <strong>the</strong><br />

laying <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rails on Railroad Street. On July 23, 1853, <strong>the</strong> first train<br />

passed over <strong>the</strong> rails. On August 4, 1853, <strong>the</strong> drawbridge on East Washington<br />

Street was finished. On September 13, 1853, <strong>the</strong> first passenger<br />

train came through from Cleveland. On August 30, 1853, <strong>the</strong> first passenger<br />

train from Sandusky to Chicago passed through <strong>the</strong> city. Old<br />

residents describe long freight trains passing through <strong>the</strong> city over Railroad<br />

Street at that time.<br />

The Junction Railroad is now part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore System.<br />

The following account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Bivision <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Lake Shore Railroad is taken from <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> March 13, 1872:<br />

"One morning in December, 1858, Conductor O. J. True called 'all<br />

aboard for Sandusky' at <strong>the</strong> station at Port Clinton and gave notice that<br />

his train Avould not return by that route, and those who expected'to<br />

return that night had better stay home. It was Avith a feeling <strong>of</strong> bitterness<br />

that <strong>the</strong> Port Clintonites saw <strong>the</strong> train depart realizing as <strong>the</strong>y did<br />

that <strong>the</strong>y had lost <strong>the</strong> last chance <strong>of</strong> making <strong>the</strong>ir pleasant little village<br />

a metropolis. Not only was Port Clinton sorry, but every station on <strong>the</strong><br />

route was vexed that <strong>the</strong> line had been abandoned. Years passed and<br />

<strong>the</strong> line came under <strong>the</strong> control <strong>of</strong> live Avide aAvake railroad men Avho

398 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

saw <strong>the</strong> great advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> abandoned route over <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r one to<br />

which favor had been shown. At last it was decided by <strong>the</strong> great powers<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lake Store & Michigan Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Railway that <strong>the</strong> old nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

division route to Toledo should be rebuilt. Every step <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work has<br />

been anxiously watched ami when it was announced that <strong>the</strong> track had<br />

been laid over Pipe Creek, and had reached <strong>the</strong> Bay Bridge, every one<br />

seemed 1o think that <strong>the</strong> bay city would awaken from <strong>the</strong> lethargy into<br />

which she had plunged 14 years ago and would now take her rightful<br />

place among <strong>the</strong> great cities on <strong>the</strong> great chain <strong>of</strong> lakes. By <strong>the</strong> completion<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn division Sandusky railroad facilities are verymuch<br />

increased, and when <strong>the</strong> much talked <strong>of</strong> Wheeling & Lake Erie<br />

Road is built nothing ought to prevent us becoming a leading port <strong>of</strong><br />

export and entry on Lake Eric. .<<br />

"As before stated <strong>the</strong> last train over <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn division left Port<br />

Clinton 14 years ago. The 12th <strong>of</strong> March, 1872, will be remembered a<br />

long time to <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> Port Clinton and Sandusky as opening a<br />

new historical era. At 2 o'clock in <strong>the</strong> afternoon a train consisting <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> locomotive Vermillion, and a passenger coach left Port Clinton for<br />

Sandusky. They came through with only a delay <strong>of</strong> about twenty minutes<br />

at <strong>the</strong> draw bridge and arrived here shortly after four o'clock.<br />

Mr. A. W. Otis, engineer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vermillion informed <strong>the</strong> reporier that<br />

<strong>the</strong> track was in splendid condition all <strong>the</strong> way, and that <strong>the</strong> new Bay<br />

Bridge is as firm as if it had been built for years. Mr. Otis was <strong>the</strong><br />

first engineer to drive a locomotive over <strong>the</strong> re-constructed bridge and<br />

feels very much elated over <strong>the</strong> fact. Quite a number caine over from<br />

Port Clinton on <strong>the</strong> train, among whom we noticed Mr. O. J. True, who<br />

has superintended <strong>the</strong> rebuilding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bay Bridge. The train left<br />

again for Port Clinton about half past five with banners flying."<br />

On November 12, 1891, <strong>the</strong> first train over <strong>the</strong> Columbus Short Line<br />

left Sandusky, carrying about 400 Sanduskians in eight passenger coaches<br />

to Bellevue. Among <strong>the</strong>m was W. T. West, who asserted that he was<br />

<strong>the</strong> only man in <strong>the</strong> crowd who went to Bellevue on <strong>the</strong> old Mad River<br />

Road on <strong>the</strong> first train in 1838. The Mad River Road from Sandusky<br />

to Tiffin through Bellevue was abandoned in 1853. It was again put in<br />

use by <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Columbus Short Line, and was as solid and<br />

firm as when first constructed. The road was absorbed by <strong>the</strong> Pennsylvania<br />

System October 24, 1902.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> January 11, 1899, notes <strong>the</strong> destruction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old<br />

Mad River freight bouse which had stood on <strong>the</strong> dock at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong><br />

Lawrence Street for nearly fifty years. Tt was also used by <strong>the</strong> Lake<br />

Shore Railroad when it ran trains along Water Street. Here was where<br />

George W. Paine began his railroad career as well as many o<strong>the</strong>r men<br />

since prominent in <strong>the</strong> railroad world. The second floor was used for<br />

general <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River Road and when <strong>the</strong> 0. S. & C. succeeded<br />

<strong>the</strong> .Mad River and <strong>the</strong> I. B. & W. followed it was still <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice build*<br />

ing. It had been abandoned but a few years before its destruction.<br />

In December, 1892, <strong>the</strong> new Lake Store depot, was finished.<br />

The Lake Erie & Western Railway Company is now a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

New York Central Railroad System.

CHAPTER XXXIII<br />

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES<br />

Closely identified wit h <strong>the</strong> agricultural prosperity and groAvth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

county, are <strong>the</strong> different farmers' societies that have had -a wonderful<br />

influence in uplifting and elevating <strong>the</strong> masses by bringing people <strong>of</strong> all<br />

classes toge<strong>the</strong>r and infusing a spirit <strong>of</strong> mutual dependence and interest<br />

in each o<strong>the</strong>r. Prominent among <strong>the</strong>se is <strong>the</strong> Erie County Agricultural<br />

Society.<br />

Its history properly antedates <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> Erie County it having<br />

been first known as <strong>the</strong> Huron County Agricultural Society, organized<br />

in June, 1833. The records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie County Agricultural Society<br />

from 1833 to 1878 contain many facts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society<br />

and are exceedingly interesting. At <strong>the</strong> time mentioned Huron County<br />

embraced <strong>the</strong> present limits <strong>of</strong> Erie. The following is copied from <strong>the</strong><br />

minutes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first meeting: "In pursuance <strong>of</strong> an act <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Legislature<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Ohio, passed February 25, 1833, to authorize and encourage<br />

<strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> agricultural societies in <strong>the</strong> several counties<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State, public notice is hereby given that a public meeting will be<br />

held at <strong>the</strong> court house in Norwalk on <strong>the</strong> last Friday <strong>of</strong> June, 1833,<br />

for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> organizing an agricultural society to be called <strong>the</strong><br />

Huron County Agricultural Society." Accordingly <strong>the</strong> meeting Avas<br />

held as above and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first, if not <strong>the</strong> first agricultural society in<br />

<strong>the</strong> state Avas organized by <strong>the</strong> election <strong>of</strong>.<strong>the</strong> following <strong>of</strong>ficers: Amos<br />

AVoodward, president; Timothy Baker, vice president; Lemuel Morse,<br />

Levi Barnum, Lester Cone, John Millen, John Fulton, Aaron Corbitt,<br />

Arunah Eaton, Wm. P. Mason, Daniel Beach, and Charles B. Simmons,<br />

directors. Eben Boalt, treasurer; John V. Vredenburg, corresponding<br />

secretary; Joseph M. Root, recording secretary.<br />

The first annual fair was not held until October 18, 1838, at Norwalk.<br />

We append <strong>the</strong> program: '.'The Throne <strong>of</strong> Grace was first addressed by<br />

<strong>the</strong> Rev. Mr. lliggins; Agricultural address, by F. B. Sturgis, Esq.;<br />

awarding premiums." From <strong>the</strong> reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter we cannot refrain<br />

from taking a few items. Best acre <strong>of</strong> corn, George Powers, 63 bushels<br />

shelled. Best one-half acre <strong>of</strong> potatoes, John D. Allen, 100 bushels.<br />

One-half acre beets. J. V. Vredenburg, 125 bushels. Samuel Preston is<br />

reported to have raised from seven square rods <strong>of</strong> ground, at <strong>the</strong> rate<br />

<strong>of</strong> 685 bushels <strong>of</strong> potatoes per acre. We find first premium on "improved<br />

cooking stoA'c'' given to William Gallup, <strong>the</strong> only utensils <strong>of</strong> any<br />

kind on exhibition. The amount in premiums <strong>of</strong>fered at this fair was<br />

$70. At a meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Agricultural Board, December 14, 1838, a<br />

399

400 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

proposition Avas received from Licking County Agricultural Society to<br />

send delegates with <strong>the</strong>m to Columbus for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> organizing a<br />

state agricultural society and O. Jenny and J. V. Vredenburg were sent<br />

as delegates.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> second fair held in Norwalk, October 17, 1839, $118 was<br />

<strong>of</strong>fered as premiums, and at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> Ihc year $67 were in <strong>the</strong><br />

treasury. \n 1840 $129 Avere <strong>of</strong>fered as premiums, but no account <strong>of</strong> a<br />

fair being held is given. The fair for 1841 was held at Norwalk, •November<br />

2. There is no record-<strong>of</strong> any fairs being held in 1842-3-4-5-6 and 7.<br />

HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY<br />

Agreeable to public notice in <strong>the</strong> newspapers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two counties on<br />

<strong>the</strong> 15th <strong>of</strong> March, 1848, <strong>the</strong> above society was organized in <strong>the</strong> sheriff's<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice in <strong>the</strong> courthouse at Norwalk, and a constitution adopted. This<br />

district society embraced <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> Huron and Erie counties. In <strong>the</strong><br />

spring <strong>of</strong> 1838 <strong>the</strong> County <strong>of</strong> Eric had bceeu organized from <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

townships <strong>of</strong> Huron County. The complete formation <strong>of</strong> Erie County as<br />

it now is, was not completed until 1840. Piatt Benedict Avas <strong>the</strong> president<br />

<strong>of</strong> this pew society, Benjamin Benson, secretary, and Luke S. Stow,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> directors. The latter Avas afterwards one <strong>of</strong> its efficient<br />

secretaries. It held its first fair at Norwalk October 12, 1848.<br />

This new district society, organized from <strong>the</strong> two counties, seems to have<br />

been heartily supported from its inception. At <strong>the</strong> annual meeting in<br />

March, 1849, <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> 1848 Avere re-elected and Andrew Ainsley,<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie, added to <strong>the</strong> directors. A premium was <strong>of</strong>fered for <strong>the</strong> best<br />

farm essay to be read at <strong>the</strong> coming fair, an example Avorthy to be commended<br />

to our fair managers HOAV.<br />

This fair <strong>of</strong> 1849 was held at Milan, and <strong>the</strong> Press said: "The display<br />

in all <strong>the</strong> departments far exceeded any previous fair, and Avas attended<br />

by at least three times <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> spectators. It is pleasing<br />

to note <strong>the</strong> growing interest manifested in agricultural and industrial<br />

affairs, and Ave confidently anticipate <strong>the</strong> day when Erie and Huron<br />

counties will rival in <strong>the</strong>ir efforts those <strong>of</strong> any o<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> State.'' In<br />

competition on field crops <strong>the</strong> following yields were reported per acre:<br />

Wheat, 34% bushels; corn, 135 bushels; barley, 5%% bushels; oats, 65%<br />

bushels; potatoes 360 bushels. In 1850 Philo Adams, <strong>of</strong> Erie, Avas president<br />

; E. M. Barnum, secretary, and Isaac T. Reynolds, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> directors<br />

from Erie. The time <strong>of</strong> holding <strong>the</strong> fair, October 10 and 11, at Norwalk.<br />

The number present, 8,000. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best points made by <strong>the</strong> speaker<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> occasion, who gaA'e <strong>the</strong> agricultural address, Avas: "That <strong>the</strong><br />

ulterior object <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se annual ga<strong>the</strong>rings for competition is an iinproA'ement<br />

in <strong>the</strong> breed <strong>of</strong> farmers—<strong>of</strong> men."<br />

In 185-1 Philo Adams Avas president, I. T. Reynolds vice president,<br />

and Luke S. Stow, secretary. The fair Avas held at Milan, October 8 and<br />

9; <strong>the</strong> number estimated to be present, 10,000. The stock was tied to<br />

stakes and trees in different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> town and an admission fee Avas

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 401<br />

charged to <strong>the</strong> Lockwood Temple, where vegetables, grains and domestic<br />

articles were exhibited.<br />

The fifth annual fair was held at Norwalk, in 1852, October 5, 6 and<br />

7. The members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society numbered at this time 800. The amount<br />

received from all sources $2,129.75; amount expended $1,083.53; amount<br />

on hand at end <strong>of</strong> fiscal year $1,046.22, a very good financial showing.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> annual meeting January <strong>20</strong>, 1852, two resolutions were <strong>of</strong>fered<br />

to <strong>the</strong> effect that <strong>the</strong> connection between <strong>the</strong> two counties in this society<br />

be dissolved, and that <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> managers be requested to settle up <strong>the</strong><br />

affairs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society. These resolutions were referred to a committee,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> committee, at a subsequent meeting, reported adversely and <strong>the</strong><br />

resolutions voted down. The fair in 1852 was held October 5, 6, and 7, at<br />

Norwalk, and over $1,000 was <strong>of</strong>fered as premiums on a largely increased<br />

variety <strong>of</strong> articles. The entries numbered 700. The best one acre wheat,<br />

45i/> bushels; one acre corn, 101 bushels shelled; one acre oats, 74 bushels<br />

; o.ic acre potatoes, 382 bushels. No manure was applied to <strong>the</strong> soil<br />

to raise any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se premium crops.<br />

In 1853 I. T. Reynolds was president, L. S. Stow, secretary, and <strong>the</strong><br />

fair was held at Monroeville.<br />

The seventh and last fair <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two counties, jointly, Avas held at<br />

Norwalk, October 1854, and like its predecessors was pr<strong>of</strong>itable and successful.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> annual meeting January 2, 1855, after a spirited debate <strong>the</strong><br />

following resolutions were adopted :<br />

Resolved, That in <strong>the</strong> judgment <strong>of</strong> this meeting <strong>the</strong> general interests<br />

<strong>of</strong> agriculture will be best promoted by <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> separate societies<br />

in each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> counties <strong>of</strong> Huron and Erie.<br />

Resolved, Therefore, that Avith a view <strong>of</strong> separate organizations in<br />

<strong>the</strong>se counties this society be dissolved as soon as <strong>the</strong> financial matters<br />

can be closed up, and that a committee <strong>of</strong> three from each county be now<br />

appointed to adjust <strong>the</strong> funds belonging to <strong>the</strong> society.<br />

A commitlee was appointed and $511.10 was <strong>the</strong> amount found in <strong>the</strong><br />

treasury. This was divided according to <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong> each county,<br />

Huron County receiving $299.06, and Erie County $212.04.<br />

Thus closed <strong>the</strong> pleasant associations, as a society, formed through<br />

seven years <strong>of</strong> intimate labor toge<strong>the</strong>r, years that had seen <strong>the</strong> formation<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society, its unexpected groAvth, and <strong>the</strong> still more surprising advancement<br />

<strong>of</strong> agricultural and mechanical industries. The separation<br />

was not made without pain, for <strong>the</strong> annual reunions at <strong>the</strong> fairs had<br />

been seasons <strong>of</strong> glad fraternal greetings and pleasure. The ties Avere<br />

strong that mutual friendship and labor had Avoven, and united <strong>the</strong><br />

two counties as one family.<br />

By <strong>the</strong> dissolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old society, Erie County was thrown upon<br />

her own resources, Avith only $212.04 in her treasury. It seems hardly<br />

possible that <strong>the</strong> Erie County Agricultural Society could attain to its<br />

present gigantic proportions from so modest a beginning. As early as<br />

February, 1855, immediately following <strong>the</strong> dissolution, Ave find <strong>the</strong> leadvoi.<br />

r —so

402 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

ing spirits <strong>of</strong> agriculture in Little Eric convened at Huron to organize<br />

<strong>the</strong><br />

ERIE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY<br />

A notice had been published in <strong>the</strong> papers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county to that<br />

effect. 1. T. Reynolds was called to <strong>the</strong> chair, and Hon. F. D. Parish<br />

made secretary. It was resolved that it be <strong>the</strong> sense <strong>of</strong> this meeting that<br />

it is expedient that we organize an agricultural society at this time.<br />

Thirty-seven members united with <strong>the</strong> society at this meeting and <strong>the</strong><br />

following <strong>of</strong>ficers elected: 1. T. Reynolds, president; Harvey Chase, vicepresident;<br />

F. D. Parish, secretary; C. N. Ryan, treasurer; B. II. Rogers,<br />

J. W. Thompson, A. W. Prout, Sr., Elijah Bcmiss and Elam Ward,<br />

directors. The following preamble and resolutions will show <strong>the</strong> spirit.<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> meeting at this time. They Avere severally adopted, viz.:<br />

Resolved, That our board <strong>of</strong> directors <strong>of</strong>fer no premium on tobacco<br />

or intoxicating liquors.<br />

Whereas, A AVCII directed and vigorous system <strong>of</strong> agriculture is<br />

among <strong>the</strong> indispensable requisites to individual and national prosperity<br />

and happiness, and a thorough knoAvledge <strong>of</strong> mechanics, arts, manufacturers,<br />

commerce and facilities for transportation is essential to <strong>the</strong> life<br />

and progress <strong>of</strong> such a system, <strong>the</strong>refore be it<br />

Resolved, That whatever measures tend essentially to improve <strong>the</strong><br />

quality or to increase <strong>the</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> agricultural productions, or to <strong>the</strong><br />

improvement <strong>of</strong> stock, to increase <strong>the</strong> diffusion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> mechanics<br />

and commerce should receive <strong>the</strong> constant attention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire<br />

community, and "common interests demand common efforts."<br />

2. That we regard agricultural societies in connection with public<br />

affairs as among <strong>the</strong> most obvious and efficient means to <strong>the</strong> accomplishment<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se ends.<br />

3. We deem it, <strong>the</strong>refore, both <strong>the</strong> interest and duty <strong>of</strong> every member<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community to lend his influence and contribute his show to add<br />

to <strong>the</strong> efficiency and to extend <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> such societies.<br />

4. We commend <strong>the</strong> consideration <strong>of</strong> this subject to our felloAv<br />

citizens <strong>of</strong> Erie County and cordially invite <strong>the</strong>m to become members <strong>of</strong><br />

this society, and invite common effort to secure a cominon good.<br />

A premium list embracing every form <strong>of</strong> industry, was carefully<br />

prepared, aggregating $700 to be aAvarded at <strong>the</strong> first annual fair, Avhich<br />

was held in Sandusky, and was a decided success, on vacant land just<br />

west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Philander Gregg, AVIIO lived on Monroe Street,<br />

betAveen Lawrence and McDonough. The fairs for 1856-7-8-9 and 1860<br />

were held at Huron, she having in 1856 at <strong>the</strong> annual meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

society bid $1,000 and free use <strong>of</strong> grounds for five years against <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong>fer <strong>of</strong> Sandusky <strong>of</strong> $850 and free use <strong>of</strong> grounds. These five years<br />

were socially, financially and agriculturally successful, and <strong>the</strong> good<br />

people <strong>of</strong> Huron did all in <strong>the</strong>ir poAver to make <strong>the</strong>se public ga<strong>the</strong>rings<br />

pleasant and pr<strong>of</strong>itable.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> annual meeting in November, 1860, it A\ T as voted to locate <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 403<br />

fair for five years at Sandusky, and <strong>the</strong> following <strong>of</strong>ficers elected: E.<br />

Bemiss, president; F. D. Parish, vice president; C. C. Keech, treasurer,<br />

and George J. Anderson, secretary; Isaac Fowler, I. T. Reynolds, William<br />

II. Crane, William D. Lindsley, C. B. Choate, directors.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> Avar, from 1861 to 1864, no fairs were held, all <strong>the</strong> energies<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people being given to preserve <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> imperiled nation.<br />

April 5, 1865, a meeting was held at <strong>the</strong> courthouse, Sandusky, for<br />

<strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> reorganizing <strong>the</strong> Erie County Agricultural Society. The<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers elected Avere as follows: Hon. F. D. Parish, president; >W. IT.<br />

Crane, vice president; John McKelvey, secretary; F. W. Cogswell, treas-<br />

Ser, and C. H. Botsford, Luke S. Stow, A. W. Prout, Sr., Samuel Bemis,<br />

aae Fowler, A. Ilollister, D. C. Richmond, Calvin Caswell, Charles Carnter,<br />

managers. v<br />

A meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board was held August 16, 1865, and a committee,<br />

appointed at a preceding meeting to locate and fit <strong>the</strong> grounds for holding<br />

a fair in 1865, reported that <strong>the</strong>y had effected a conditional arrangement<br />

for securing by purchase <strong>the</strong> beautiful groA r e near <strong>the</strong> south part<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city known as <strong>the</strong> Pierson and Ankeytell lots, containing nine acres<br />

<strong>of</strong> land, for <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> $4,800, and for <strong>the</strong> sake <strong>of</strong> completing <strong>the</strong> purchase<br />

<strong>the</strong> committee recommend <strong>the</strong> plan <strong>of</strong> petitioning <strong>the</strong> county commissioners<br />

to assist <strong>the</strong> society by appropriating not exceeding $5,000 for<br />

<strong>the</strong> purchase <strong>of</strong> said lots.<br />

This plan met with <strong>the</strong> unanimous approval <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board, and blank<br />

petitions were sent to all <strong>the</strong> townships for <strong>the</strong> signatures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> principal<br />

taxpayers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county. It was stated that <strong>the</strong> healthy condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

county finances would warrant this appropriation. The petition was<br />

successful and <strong>the</strong> purchase made in 1866, and <strong>the</strong> property deeded—as<br />

all subsequent real estatae <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society was—to <strong>the</strong> county commissioners.<br />

The first fair was held on <strong>the</strong>se grounds October 17, 18 and 19, 1865,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio Grape Growers Association was held on <strong>the</strong>se<br />

grounds at <strong>the</strong> same time. In 1868 ano<strong>the</strong>r small piece <strong>of</strong> ground Avas<br />

bought to enlarge <strong>the</strong> tract <strong>of</strong> Jacob Wintersteen for $300, and in 1874<br />

about eleven acres more Avere purchased by C. C. Keech <strong>of</strong> Jacob Wintersteen<br />

for <strong>the</strong> society for $15,000, which made about twenty acres, at a cost<br />

<strong>of</strong> $<strong>20</strong>,100 as <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society. After <strong>the</strong>se purchases great improvements<br />

were made, substantial buildings erected, a fine tunnel made<br />

under <strong>the</strong> track, grounds thoroughly underdrained, and a roomy amphi<strong>the</strong>atre<br />

built, making <strong>the</strong> grounds second to none in <strong>the</strong> state. Total paid<br />

for land and improA'ements, $39,964. *<br />

These grounds were located on Columbus Avenue and AA'ere exchanged<br />

several years ago for property on Camp Street Avhere <strong>the</strong> fair has since<br />

been held. The old grounds were laid out in building lots and is at<br />

<strong>the</strong> present time almost entirely built up with beautiful modern homes,<br />

and is known as "Cable Park."<br />

W. P. Scheid is <strong>the</strong> present president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie County Agricultural<br />

Society, F. H. Zerbe, secretary, and John Quinn, treasurer.

404 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

HISTORY OP THE ORDER OF PATRONS OP HUSBANDRY IN ERIE COUNTY<br />

By Mrs. Mary D. Anderson<br />

Agriculture in ancient times Avas thought to be <strong>the</strong> most honorable<br />

<strong>of</strong> vocations. Cato, a celebrated Avriter on <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> agriculture, inherited<br />

a farm from his fa<strong>the</strong>r on which he lived for years in <strong>the</strong> pursuit<br />

<strong>of</strong> agriculture, which was a source <strong>of</strong> pleasure to him. He Avas afterward<br />

chosen consul <strong>of</strong> Rome, which is <strong>the</strong> first instance <strong>of</strong> a farmer being<br />

chosen ruler <strong>of</strong> his country. History tells us that he was equal to <strong>the</strong><br />

occasion, and by his strict integrity and nobility <strong>of</strong> character withstood<br />

many evils <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day.<br />

Fairs, agricultural societies and agricultural schools were organized<br />

for <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> farmer, but <strong>the</strong>re was little co-operation and unity<br />

until <strong>the</strong> organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Grange. It is <strong>of</strong> interest to know <strong>the</strong> history<br />

<strong>of</strong> its inception. This was <strong>the</strong> happy thought <strong>of</strong> 0. II. Kelly, who when<br />

clerk in <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture in Washington Avas deputized<br />

in <strong>the</strong> year 1866 by Hon. Isaac Newton, commissioner <strong>of</strong> agriculture, to<br />

visit <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn states to examine <strong>the</strong>ir condition and report to <strong>the</strong><br />

department.<br />

While traveling through <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> North Carolina he became<br />

acquainted with a society <strong>of</strong> Scotch farmers who had banded <strong>the</strong>mselves<br />

toge<strong>the</strong>r for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> stronger social relations and to deal more<br />

directly with <strong>the</strong> manufacturer, thus eliminating <strong>the</strong> middleman. While<br />

visiting this society Mr. Kelly conceived <strong>the</strong> plan <strong>of</strong> organizing a secret<br />

society among <strong>the</strong> farmers for mutual benefit. On his return from <strong>the</strong><br />

South he communicated his plans to six <strong>of</strong> his friends, who were as<br />

enthusiastic as himself, and on December 4, 1867, 0. II. Kelly, William<br />

Saunders Read, Mr. Grosh, both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture;<br />

William M. Ireland, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Post<strong>of</strong>fice Department; Rev. John Trimble<br />

and J. R. Thompson, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Treasury Department, and F. McDowell, a<br />

pomologist from Wayne County, New York, met in a little brown building<br />

embowered in trees on <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Forty-first Street and Missouri<br />

Avenue, and laid <strong>the</strong> foundation for <strong>the</strong> first National Grange, with Mr.<br />

Saunders as master. Mr. Trimble was secretary for many years, and<br />

Avith our own W. W. Miller as assistant for many years. Mr. McDowell<br />

and wife have held <strong>the</strong> treasurer's <strong>of</strong>fice up to <strong>the</strong> present time.<br />

What has <strong>the</strong> Grange done, not only for <strong>the</strong> farmer but for all people?<br />

Quoting from an address made by Hon. John Trimble:<br />

1. The Grange has organized <strong>the</strong> farmers <strong>of</strong> America, who never<br />

• Avere organized.<br />

2. It has broadened <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> usefulness for woman and has prepared<br />

her for her place in <strong>the</strong> true republic, <strong>the</strong> full equal <strong>of</strong> man as a<br />

citizen.<br />

3. It has brought light, recreation and cheer to hundreds <strong>of</strong> thousands<br />

<strong>of</strong> rural homes.<br />

4. It has prevented <strong>the</strong> renewal <strong>of</strong> patents on sewing machines, thus<br />

reducing <strong>the</strong> cost 50 per cent/<br />

5. Had passed and enforced <strong>the</strong> oleomargerine law.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 405<br />

6. Had passed laws somewhat restricting alien landlords and corporations<br />

from getting Government land.<br />

7. Had interstate commerce law passed.<br />

8. Had a cabinet position created for agriculture.<br />

9. Has had agricultural colleges, experiment stations and farms and<br />

farmers' institutes established in many states.<br />

10. Has caused <strong>the</strong> reform ballot law to be passed in many states.<br />

11. Has given rural free delivery to <strong>the</strong> Avhole United States.<br />

12. Has established postal savings banks and parcels post.<br />

We are,.as our "declaration <strong>of</strong> purposes" declares, united by <strong>the</strong><br />

strong tie <strong>of</strong> agriculture. Our motto, "In essentials unity, in non-essentials<br />

liberty, in all things charity."<br />

The first Grange in Ohio Avas organized by 0. II. Kelly in East Cleveland,<br />

March 2, 1870, with sixteen charter members. It was four years<br />

later that <strong>the</strong> Grange came to Erie County. The first organization was<br />

Milan Grange, No. 342, on January 6, 1874; G. B. Jarrad, master; R. N.<br />

Wilcox, secretary; with twenty-five charter members. It Avas organized<br />

by J. Barrack, <strong>of</strong> Seneca County.<br />

The next day, June 7th, J. II. Brigham, <strong>of</strong> Welta County, Avho afterward<br />

was master <strong>of</strong> Maryland Grange and assistant secretary <strong>of</strong> agriculture<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States, organized Berlin Heights Grange, No. 345,<br />

with twenty-four charter members. Henry Hoak, master, and J. P.<br />

Leslie, secretary. Margaretta Grange, No. 488, was organized January<br />

30, 1874, with twenty-seven charter members. W. W. Miller, master,<br />

and Richard Fowler, secretary. Perkins Grange, No. 637, Avas organized<br />

.March 2, 1874, by W. W. Miller, with thirty charter members. W. H.<br />

McFall, master, and T. B. Taylor, secretary. Erie County claims to have<br />

<strong>the</strong> first Grange organized by a woman, viz., Huron Grange, No. 1385,<br />

by Mrs. 0. G. Norton, county deputy and member <strong>of</strong> Perkins Grange,<br />

Avith seventeen charter members, on November 28, 1891. J. S. McDowell,<br />

master, and Mrs T. J. Harris, secretary.<br />

Florence Grange, No. 1844, was organized in February, 1912, by<br />

James Jarrett, with sixty-five charter members. D. J. Stephens, president,<br />

and Mahlon Curtis, secretary.<br />

Eric County Pomona Grange, composed <strong>of</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> six subordinate<br />

granges, Avas organized at Perkins February 6, 1891, with a<br />

membership <strong>of</strong> 103. J. D. Parker, master, and Mrs. James Anderson,<br />

secretary. This Grange meets quarterly to transact business for <strong>the</strong><br />

county. The grangers have made an individual exhibit at <strong>the</strong> fair for<br />

two years, each Grange receiving $<strong>20</strong>, regardless <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> merit. The result<br />

has been that <strong>the</strong> Randall fair, near Cleveland, has <strong>of</strong>fered large premiums<br />

if Erie County Grange Avill make an exhibit at its fair this year.<br />

We have our annual "field days" for <strong>the</strong> county, for social pleasures<br />

and mutual progress. Huron Grange has an orchestra <strong>of</strong> seven members,<br />

each one from <strong>the</strong> farm. They give concerts, stage dramas, and<br />

labor for general progress.<br />

The unity and harmony existing among <strong>the</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> order

406 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

prove conclusively that <strong>the</strong> seven pioneers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Grange builded better<br />

than <strong>the</strong>y knew.<br />

According to <strong>the</strong> census <strong>of</strong> 1910, in that year Erie County raised<br />

337,972 bushels <strong>of</strong> Avheat, 5,895 bushels <strong>of</strong> rye, 6,262 bushels <strong>of</strong> buckwheat,<br />

527,274 bushels <strong>of</strong> oats, 1,049 bushels <strong>of</strong> winter barley and<br />

5,050 bushels <strong>of</strong> spring barley, 556,485 bushels <strong>of</strong> corn, 52,042 tons <strong>of</strong><br />

sugar corn, 8,197 bushels <strong>of</strong> tomatoes, 1,700 bushels <strong>of</strong> peas, 470,810<br />

bushels <strong>of</strong> Irish potatoes, 2,290 bushels <strong>of</strong> onions, 462,628 dozen eggs,<br />

400 pounds maple sugar and 2,400 gallons <strong>of</strong> maple syrup, 2,146,302<br />

pounds <strong>of</strong> grapes, 54,021 bushels <strong>of</strong> apples, 48,835 bushels <strong>of</strong> peaches.<br />

The county consists <strong>of</strong> 114,752 acres <strong>of</strong> land, <strong>of</strong> which 65,571 are<br />

under cultivation, Avith 34,847 acres <strong>of</strong> pasture.<br />

The county has 4,809 horses, 6,765 head <strong>of</strong> cattle, 5,612 hogs:.<br />

GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE MAKING<br />

These interests, when carried to any considerable extent, are necessarily<br />

closely related. Grape raising on a very small scale was begun<br />

on <strong>the</strong> islands in this vicinity some years before grapes were produced<br />

in such quantities that it became necessary to convert <strong>the</strong>m into Avine<br />

for want <strong>of</strong> an accessible and pr<strong>of</strong>itable market.<br />

Mr. Charles Carpenter, <strong>of</strong> Kelleys Island, is credited with being <strong>the</strong><br />

first to foresee <strong>the</strong> great future in store for this uncommonly favored<br />

grape producing section. He came to <strong>the</strong> island in 1842, and noticing<br />

<strong>the</strong> few vines growing in gardens <strong>the</strong>re, he was struck with <strong>the</strong> superiority<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fruit over that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same varieties in <strong>the</strong> East. Mr. D. Kelley<br />

brought cuttings <strong>of</strong> Catawba and Isabella from Elyria in 1843, and, setting<br />

<strong>the</strong>m in his garden, Avas much gratified at <strong>the</strong> result, as <strong>the</strong> Catawba,<br />

which ripens so imperfectly in inland places, matured to perfection here<br />

because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> protection afforded from frost by <strong>the</strong> waters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake.<br />

In 1845 Mr. Carpenter began planting in limited quantities, on account<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scarcity <strong>of</strong> vines, but by 1850 he had increased his vineyard<br />

to an acre. This Avas quite <strong>the</strong> most extensive vineyard to be found in<br />

this vicinity at that time. In <strong>the</strong> latter named year he pressed two small<br />

casks <strong>of</strong> Avine (one each <strong>of</strong> Catawba and Isabella), which \yhen it was a<br />

year old Avas pronounced by <strong>Cincinnati</strong>ans <strong>the</strong> best wine <strong>the</strong>y had ever<br />

tasted.<br />

Planting in a small Avay soon became quite general, and a ready<br />

market Avas found for <strong>the</strong> fruit at from 10 to 15 cents a pound, a price<br />

that Avould make millionaires in a few seasons <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> our present<br />

grape raisers, who are making very comfortable incomes by selling <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

fruit at from 1 to 3 cents. Vineyards increased in size A'ery gradually,<br />

<strong>the</strong>re being considerable skepticism manifested with regard to a market<br />

Avhen all should come into bearing. Mr. Carpenter, Avhen asked if he<br />

thought it safe to plant as much as a quarter <strong>of</strong> an acre, replied that<br />

almost any quantity could be sold as soon as general attention was<br />

attracted by <strong>the</strong> planting <strong>of</strong> large vineyards.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 407<br />

Phylloxera did not trouble <strong>the</strong> earlier grape growers as it does those<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present time; and for some years <strong>the</strong>re appeared to be nothing<br />

in <strong>the</strong> way <strong>of</strong> discouragements. So promising, indeed, was <strong>the</strong> outlook<br />

that land which in 1845 could be purchased for $15 B an acre, was sold<br />

within a l'ew^ears at from $500 to $1,000 an acre, usually paying good<br />

interest on <strong>the</strong> investment.<br />

In 1854 Mr. Carpenter built a wine cellar 30 by 90 feet, but this was<br />

soon outgrown, and in 1859 he commenced one in a seam between lime<br />

rocks in his quarry. He made <strong>the</strong> second cellar 36 by 123 feet, and covered<br />

it with a stone arch 16 feet high. The Kelleys Island Wine Company<br />

was formed in 1866. Renting Mr. Carpenter's cellar for a few<br />

years, <strong>the</strong>y found <strong>the</strong> business so pr<strong>of</strong>itable that <strong>the</strong>y purchased it later<br />

on and created a main building 82 by 128 feet and three stories in height.<br />

The present large cellars are crowded to <strong>the</strong>ir utmost capacity, and sale<br />

for <strong>the</strong> product, is found in all <strong>the</strong> leading cities <strong>of</strong> this country.<br />

The grape interests nearer Sandusky did not begin a general development<br />

until about 1860 or 1861, most dates being approximately fixed<br />

by those AVIIO depend on memory for <strong>the</strong>ir statements at "about <strong>the</strong> commencement<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great Civil war." Grape planting on a large scale<br />

began, we may say, in Erie County at Kelleys Island, and on <strong>the</strong> mainland<br />

east <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, in what is known as <strong>the</strong> '' big field.'' From <strong>the</strong>se points<br />

it spread toward <strong>the</strong> west side <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, and in many o<strong>the</strong>r directions,<br />

but in no case extending back to any great distance from <strong>the</strong> water,<br />

which is <strong>the</strong> great climatic equalizer that makes grape culture a success.<br />

Wines made from <strong>the</strong> grapes upon <strong>the</strong> islands and along <strong>the</strong> south<br />

shore; <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie have a country-wide reputation and are sold everywhere.<br />

The wine industry is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> more important <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city and<br />

its products go to all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country wherever Avines are used.<br />

Fifteen individuals, firms and corporations are engaged in <strong>the</strong> manufacture<br />

<strong>of</strong> this product, and all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m are prosperous. In addition,<br />

two o<strong>the</strong>r concerns are exclusively engaged in <strong>the</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong> unferniented<br />

grape juice, which is rapidly becoming a popular beverage.<br />

Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> extensive manufacture <strong>of</strong> wines in this district was due<br />

to <strong>the</strong> number and excellence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grapes grown, or <strong>the</strong> vineyards are<br />

<strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foundation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original Avineries, is a somewhat<br />

mooted question among old residents. But <strong>the</strong> fact remains that <strong>the</strong><br />

culture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grapes and <strong>the</strong>ir conversion into beverages have united here<br />

to <strong>the</strong> general prosperity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community and its surrounding neighborhood.<br />

It is estimated that about 15,000 tons <strong>of</strong> grapes are annually pressed<br />

into wine and grape juice in Sandusky each year. The grapes are<br />

grown mainly on <strong>the</strong> adjacent islands <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie, and some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>")<br />

wines are made <strong>the</strong>re, but <strong>the</strong> shore vineyards produce an equally fine<br />

quality <strong>of</strong> fruit and <strong>the</strong> acreage is being constantly increased. The varieties<br />

mostly used for Avine making are <strong>the</strong> Catawba and Delaware grapes,<br />

which reach <strong>the</strong>ir highest perfection in this climate.<br />

The city's annual output <strong>of</strong> Avines is about 5,000,000 gallons. This

408 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

includes both still wines and champagnes. The unfermented grape juice<br />

product is estimated at about 100,000 gallons.<br />

While, as stated, Sandusky wines go all over <strong>the</strong> country, <strong>the</strong> chief<br />

market is in <strong>the</strong> Middle West and <strong>the</strong> demand is constantly increasing.<br />

A good share <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> product is shipped to sou<strong>the</strong>rn states, particularly<br />

Louisiana, but owing to <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> prohibition sentiment in <strong>the</strong> South,<br />

shipments in this section have not increased as rapidly <strong>the</strong>re as in o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

sections.<br />

Practically all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avines <strong>of</strong> this section are <strong>of</strong> what is known as<br />

<strong>the</strong> dry variety, due to <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> grapes are higher in acidity than<br />

those <strong>of</strong> California.<br />

It is impossible to give exact figures on <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> capital invested<br />

in this industry in this immediate territory, but <strong>the</strong> amount has<br />

been estimated at fully $2,000,000. The number <strong>of</strong> people employed<br />

varies Avith <strong>the</strong> seasons, but it gives employment to about 2,000 men.<br />

Incidental to <strong>the</strong> wine industry, a considerable quantity <strong>of</strong> brandy,<br />

cordials, soda Avater flavors and crushed fruits and o<strong>the</strong>r products <strong>of</strong><br />

grapes and fruits are turned out each season.

CHAPTER XXXIV<br />

ERIE COUNTY NEWSPAPERS<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 24th day <strong>of</strong> April, 1822, David Campbell issued <strong>the</strong> first<br />

number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Clarion, which afterward became <strong>the</strong> Daily<br />

Sanduskian, and after passing through <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> several owners was<br />

succeeded by <strong>the</strong> Daily Register.<br />

The Toledo Blade <strong>of</strong> May <strong>20</strong>, 1862, says, under <strong>the</strong> head, A TYPICAL<br />

NARRATIVE: "The history <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> job type burned Avith <strong>the</strong><br />

Register <strong>of</strong>fice at Sandusky is <strong>of</strong> sufficient interest, at least, to induce a<br />

short notice. We have no trace <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m back <strong>of</strong> 1819. They Avere <strong>the</strong>n<br />

taken to Courtland Co., N. Y., by <strong>the</strong> late David Campbell, Avhere <strong>the</strong>y<br />

were used until 1822, Avhen he brought <strong>the</strong>m to Sandusky. There <strong>the</strong>y<br />

formed a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion establishment until 1837, at Avhich time<br />

<strong>the</strong>y were purchased by a joint stock company at Lower Sandusky (now<br />

Fremont), AVIIO <strong>the</strong>n started <strong>the</strong> Lower Sandusky Times, with Dr. A. G.<br />

White, later <strong>of</strong> Elmore, OttaAva Co., as publisher. In 1838 <strong>the</strong>y passed<br />

with <strong>the</strong> Times establishment into <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> Peter Yates, and in <strong>the</strong><br />

spring <strong>of</strong> 1839 ano<strong>the</strong>r change brought <strong>the</strong>m into possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> writer<br />

<strong>of</strong> this notice (understood to be Clark Waggoner, Esq.), Avho, with a<br />

variety <strong>of</strong> 'job letter' as not <strong>of</strong>ten falls to <strong>the</strong> lot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> craft, for four<br />

years 'executed jobs with neatness and despatch' in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Sandusky Whig, at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> Avhich time (1843) <strong>the</strong> material Avas removed<br />

to Milan. Here, reinforced by 'large additions,' <strong>the</strong> original<br />

stock continued to do business for eight years and until 1851, Avhen <strong>the</strong>y<br />

returned to Sandusky and remained <strong>the</strong>re <strong>the</strong> eleven years intervening<br />

before <strong>the</strong>y Avere melted, in company Avith a great variety <strong>of</strong> younger<br />

and more modern associates. One 'font' Avas a 'fourteen line' Roman<br />

metal letter, a kind not now much cast, <strong>the</strong> large sizes being made cheaper<br />

<strong>of</strong> Avood.<br />

"It is a curious fact that <strong>the</strong>se type Avere destroyed on <strong>the</strong> very spot<br />

<strong>of</strong> ground from Avhich <strong>the</strong>y Avere taken 25 years before, <strong>the</strong> old Clarion<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice having some ten years since Been supplanted by an elegant substantial<br />

stone block."<br />

The early volumes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Clarion are an interesting study.<br />

There was, <strong>of</strong> course, no telegraph, but <strong>the</strong> remarkable thing in this and<br />

all Erie County papers down to about 1870 is <strong>the</strong> scarcity <strong>of</strong> local news.<br />

The paper Avas made up mostly <strong>of</strong> short stories, political editorials and<br />

advertisements. The lack <strong>of</strong> newspaper enterprise is shown by <strong>the</strong> fact<br />

that <strong>the</strong>re being no file <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Clarion for <strong>the</strong> year 1840 acces-<br />

409

410 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

sible, <strong>the</strong> files for 1840 <strong>of</strong> both Norwalk papers were investigated for an<br />

account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hanging <strong>of</strong> Evans on September 23, 1840, no report <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> matter being found. The Clarion for 1824, for instance, in its issue<br />

<strong>of</strong> May 26th, advertises <strong>the</strong> sale <strong>of</strong> Huron town lots to take place June<br />

15th. In its issue <strong>of</strong> June 9th it advertises <strong>the</strong> Milan dry goods store<br />

<strong>of</strong> R. & G. Lockwood. The issue <strong>of</strong> June 23d contains an advertisement<br />

<strong>of</strong> a runaway slave named James, owned by Williams Adams, <strong>of</strong> Mount<br />

Vernon, Kentucky. The issue <strong>of</strong> July 14th advertises <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong>fice to <strong>the</strong> Old AVhite Store, and <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> September<br />

22d described <strong>the</strong> welcome to Lafayette.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> 1825 in its issue <strong>of</strong> January 22d publishes <strong>the</strong> advertisement<br />

<strong>of</strong> J. N. Sloan as a silversmith, <strong>the</strong> first Sandusky jeweler. The<br />

issue <strong>of</strong> May 7th contains <strong>the</strong> ad. <strong>of</strong> Dr. II. Brown, with his <strong>of</strong>fice at A.<br />

Root's Tavern, and described <strong>the</strong> meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron County Medical<br />

Society, with Doctor Tilden as president. The issue <strong>of</strong> May 28th contains<br />

<strong>the</strong> advertisement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabinet factory <strong>of</strong> Thomas T. White on<br />

Wayne Street, opposite <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel. The issue <strong>of</strong> June 18th<br />

advertises <strong>the</strong> drug store <strong>of</strong> Doctor Anderson, and Seth Hull's tailor shop,<br />

'opposite <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel. The issue <strong>of</strong> July 9th contains <strong>the</strong> advertisement<br />

for <strong>the</strong> first time <strong>of</strong> a stage line twice a week from Columbus<br />

to Sandusky. The issue <strong>of</strong> October 29th contains an advertisement by<br />

Abraham Everett and A. N. Boalse, as blacksmiths, for apprentices, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> first temperance meeting <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>re is any record in Sandusky is<br />

advertised in <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> August 15th.<br />

According to a communication in <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> August 15, 1878,<br />

one column <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Daily Sanduskian, April 24, 1848,<br />

was devoted to an editorial by D. K. Campbell on <strong>the</strong> necessity <strong>of</strong> a daily<br />

paper for Sandusky. He says that twenty-six years ago this date as a<br />

young man and newcomer he printed <strong>the</strong> first number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Weekly<br />

Clarion, and, among a good many discouragements, ahvays got his paper<br />

oiit every week. He states that <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>re were no steamboats on <strong>the</strong><br />

lakes, as <strong>the</strong> one was wrecked that had been built: no Erie Canal, no<br />

railroad, no telegraph. There were about forty schooners on <strong>the</strong> lake<br />

doing <strong>the</strong> lake business. It took more than two weeks to get news from<br />

New York. He <strong>the</strong>n embarked in an experiment, and now, with his tAvo<br />

sons, was about to embark in ano<strong>the</strong>r experiment. The paper cost $5 a<br />

year. There was one column <strong>of</strong> telegraph, <strong>the</strong>n a new thing, and one<br />

column <strong>of</strong> a" bank note list. There AA'ere advertisements by P- Cook & Co.,<br />

W. T. & A. K. West, Taylor & Lee, W. F Converse, J. G. Camp, Beecher<br />

& Leonard, and A. W. Hendry.<br />

D. K. Campbell issued his valedictory editorial May 23. 1851, four<br />

columns long, saying he had sold out to younger men, and this is <strong>the</strong> last<br />

issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>' Clarion, which he had labored over and loved for twentynine<br />

years. He laments <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> his two sons and <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

third, and <strong>the</strong> impossibility <strong>of</strong> continuing publishing <strong>the</strong> paper. The<br />

first issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paper appeared May 27, 1851. which was called <strong>the</strong><br />

Daily Register, with Earl Bill and Clark Waggoner as editors. The<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice Avas <strong>the</strong>n where <strong>the</strong> Commercial Bank is now.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 411<br />

As late as October 30, 1834, Oran Follctt advertised in <strong>the</strong> Clarion<br />

as follows:<br />

"The subscriber wishes to procure for some Eastern friends a pair<br />

<strong>of</strong> live wild turkies, male and female. Also six dead ones that have been<br />

caught in pens and killed without breaking <strong>the</strong> skin below <strong>the</strong><br />

first two or three joints <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neck. A liberal compensation will be paid<br />

for <strong>the</strong> above, if delivered at <strong>the</strong> store <strong>of</strong> M. L. Babcock & Co. in Sandusky<br />

a week or two before <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> navigation in <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> November.<br />

The live ones will be received if delivered immediately, and Avould be preferred<br />

soon, so as to send <strong>the</strong>m down <strong>the</strong> Erie Canal. O. FOLLETT. "<br />

The Clarion had hard sledding. From November 13 to December 18,<br />

1822. it was not published because <strong>the</strong> paper did not come from Buffalo.<br />

in those early times Mr. Campbell printed <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> delinquent subscribers<br />

in black type and made lively remarks about <strong>the</strong> fellow Avho<br />

would not pay for his paper. In one case he hoped he Avould meet with<br />

a better fate than he believed he Avould. He states <strong>the</strong> first number <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Clarion was issued at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue and Water<br />

Street, in a building yet standing (but since destroyed), next door south<br />

<strong>of</strong> A. IT. & W. V. Moss' store, on Wednesday, April 24, 1822.<br />

There were no neAvspapers Avest <strong>of</strong> Buffalo, except one at Erie, two at<br />

Fredonia, one at Cleveland, and one at Detroit. The first number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Clarion Avas 18V-> by 23 inches, printed in small pica, with eight advertisements.<br />

As late as June, 1847, one issue contained no editorial except<br />

a notice that <strong>the</strong> editor had no time to write editorials. In 1878 F. D.<br />

Parish had taken <strong>the</strong> paper and paid for it, including <strong>the</strong> Register, fiftysix<br />

years.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> — day <strong>of</strong> , 1822, <strong>the</strong> Clarion editorially declared<br />

it would accept eight gallons <strong>of</strong> whisky as full pay for a year's subscription.<br />

In 1847 he declares editorially that in <strong>the</strong>se temperance times he<br />

would not venture to make such a proposition.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera <strong>the</strong> Daily Sanduskian, or Clarion,<br />

was somewhat irregular in its publication, frequently missing a day or<br />

more, and on one occasion not being published from July 11, 1849, until<br />

July 23, 1849.<br />

THE SANDUSKY REGISTER<br />

The journal now known as <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Register Avas founded in<br />

<strong>the</strong> year 1822 by David Campbell, a New England printer. An effort<br />

Avas made, hoAA'ever, in <strong>the</strong> year 1821, by this same person, associated<br />

with Adonijah Champlin, to establish a paper in Sandusky, to be known<br />

as <strong>the</strong> Ohio Illuminator, but from lack <strong>of</strong> that substantial support so<br />

essential to <strong>the</strong> successful conduct <strong>of</strong> a neAVspapei% or any o<strong>the</strong>r enterprise,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Illuminator never sent forth its rays <strong>of</strong> light upon <strong>the</strong> people<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county.<br />

The Sandusky Clarion, a Aveekly publication, succeeded <strong>the</strong> Illuminator<br />

project, and made its first appearance on <strong>the</strong> 22d <strong>of</strong> April, 1822,<br />

David Campbell acknoAvledging its paternity and assuming its maintenance.<br />

It Avas a four-page sheet, four columns to <strong>the</strong> page, printed on

412 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

what Avould noAv be called coarse paper, and <strong>the</strong> advertisements and reading<br />

matter appeared in much <strong>the</strong> same size and style <strong>of</strong> type. Under <strong>the</strong><br />

name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>the</strong> paper Avas continued until 1843, Avhen Mr. Campbell<br />

issued a daily edition, which he called <strong>the</strong> Daily Sanduskian.<br />

After continuing for some years longer <strong>the</strong> proprietor sold <strong>the</strong> entire<br />

plant to Earl Bill and Clark Waggoner. The former <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se persons<br />

Avas aftenvard chosen clerk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States District Court for <strong>the</strong><br />

District <strong>of</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio, Avhile <strong>the</strong> latter became editor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Toledo<br />

Blade. Still later he Avas on <strong>the</strong> editorial staff <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Toledo Commercial,<br />

but at a quite recent day embarked in <strong>the</strong> limitless field <strong>of</strong> history.<br />

Messrs. Bill & Waggoner subsequently sold an interest in <strong>the</strong> paper<br />

to Henry D. Cooke, and <strong>the</strong> firm style Avas <strong>the</strong>reupon changed to II. D.<br />

Cooke & Co. "Upon taking formal possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice, this firm<br />

dropped <strong>the</strong> old name and called <strong>the</strong> paper, in all its editions, <strong>the</strong> Commercial<br />

Register, three editions, daily, tri-Aveekly and Aveekly, being<br />

printed. II. D. Cooke & Co. continued <strong>the</strong> Register publications for some<br />

twelve years, Avhen Mr. Cooke.retired to become <strong>the</strong> editor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State<br />

Journal, Mr. Waggoner to accept a position on <strong>the</strong> Toledo Blade, whereupon<br />

<strong>the</strong> paper passed into <strong>the</strong> hands <strong>of</strong> Bill & Johnson.<br />

The Commercial Register changed hands three or four times betAveen<br />

1855 and 1869. In <strong>the</strong> last named year Isaac F. Mack purchased a half<br />

interest, and in 1870 <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r half. He dropped <strong>the</strong> first part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

name, and since that time <strong>the</strong> paper has beeii called <strong>the</strong> Register. In<br />

1874 John T. Mack became a part OAA'ner, and for fourteen years <strong>the</strong> paper<br />

has been published under <strong>the</strong> firm name <strong>of</strong> I. F. Mack & Bro. In 1882 a<br />

Sunday edition Avas started, and since that date has been published every<br />

morning in <strong>the</strong> year. In 1869, when <strong>the</strong> present editor took charge, <strong>the</strong><br />

Register Avas an evening daily, but he changed it to a morning paper in<br />

May, 1869.<br />

The Register, from <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> its establishment to <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> that<br />

party Avas an ardent advocate <strong>of</strong> whig principles. It became republican<br />

in 1856, and has since remained so, being all <strong>the</strong>se years <strong>the</strong> recognized<br />

organ <strong>of</strong> that party in this county.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> I. F. Mack <strong>the</strong> Register has been published by<br />

a corporation <strong>of</strong> Avhich John T. Mack Avas <strong>the</strong> editor and business manager<br />

to his death.<br />

John Talman Mack, born in Rochester, NeAV York, July 26, 1846,<br />

spent his entire business life in connection with <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Register,<br />

part time as business manager, during <strong>the</strong> latter years <strong>of</strong> his life as<br />

editor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paper. He Avas <strong>the</strong> youngest <strong>of</strong> seven sons <strong>of</strong> Isaac Foster<br />

Mack, Sr., <strong>of</strong> Rochester, NCAV York. In 1848 <strong>the</strong> Mack family moved to<br />

Decatur, Green County, Wisconsin, AA'here his boyhood Avas spent in <strong>the</strong><br />

village and on <strong>the</strong> farm, his fa<strong>the</strong>r being an extensive land owner, operating<br />

farms in conection Avith his IHAV practice. A little later <strong>the</strong> family<br />

moved to Brodhead, Wisconsin, Avhere <strong>the</strong> son John attended <strong>the</strong> grammar<br />

and high schools. After graduating from <strong>the</strong> Brodhead schools, Mr.<br />

Mack spent six months in Beloit College, entering that institution in<br />

January, 1864. In <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> that year he entered <strong>the</strong> preparatory

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 413<br />

department <strong>of</strong> Oberlin College, spending six years <strong>the</strong>re in securing a<br />

classical education. He graduated in <strong>the</strong> class <strong>of</strong> 1870 Avith <strong>the</strong> degree<br />

<strong>of</strong> Bachelor <strong>of</strong> Arts, and two years later Master <strong>of</strong> Arts.<br />

Immediately after leaving college he became connected Avith <strong>the</strong><br />

Register <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, <strong>of</strong> Avhich his older bro<strong>the</strong>r, I. F. Mack, Jr., was<br />

editor. The tAvo bro<strong>the</strong>rs published <strong>the</strong> paper until 1909, when I. F.<br />

Mack AvithdreAV from all active connection and retired. From that date<br />

until Mr..John Mack's death, July 8, 1914, he edited and published <strong>the</strong><br />

Register.<br />

Mr. Mack Avas one <strong>of</strong> six publishers <strong>of</strong> Ohio daily neAvspapers Avho<br />

founded <strong>the</strong> Associated Ohio Dailies, November 5, 1885, <strong>the</strong> largest<br />

state daily newspaper organization in <strong>the</strong> country. From 1889 until<br />

his death he was president <strong>of</strong> that organization. In February, 1893, he<br />

succeeded ex-President Hayes as trustee <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio State University,<br />

serving continuously on that board until his death. He was a member<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Revolution and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Masonic lodge.<br />

February 10, 1873, Mr. Mack married his classmate at Oberlin,<br />

Flora Alice Davenport. Five children blessed <strong>the</strong>ir union—John D. and<br />

Egbert II., <strong>of</strong> Sandusky; Mrs. Alice Ritchart Snyder, <strong>of</strong> NorAvalk; Mrs.<br />

E<strong>the</strong>l Beebe Blinn, <strong>of</strong> Evansville, Indiana; and Mrs. Penelope Cornelia<br />

Stark, <strong>of</strong> Westfield, NCAV Jersey.<br />

The editorial Avork <strong>of</strong> Mr. Mack at times Avas equal to that <strong>of</strong> any<br />

metropolitan editor. His personality AA'as a pleasant one, and he left<br />

behind him a record <strong>of</strong> achievement unusual for an editor <strong>of</strong> a paper<br />

published in a small city, and <strong>of</strong> which his children may Avell be proud.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> John T. Mack, his son, Egbert Mack, succeeded him<br />

as editor and business manager, Avith <strong>the</strong> result that <strong>the</strong> Register has<br />

progressed in several lines creditably under his management.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> January 26, 1852, announces <strong>the</strong> destruction by fire<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion <strong>of</strong>fice, by Avhich fire <strong>the</strong> files <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion Avere nearly all<br />

consumed.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1868 <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong>fice Avas again visited by fire, Avhich<br />

destroyed most <strong>of</strong> its files, so that <strong>the</strong> neAA-spaper records <strong>of</strong> Erie County<br />

are much mutilated. For <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> future generations, it may be<br />

stated that <strong>the</strong> Firelands Historical Society, <strong>of</strong> NorAvalk, has complete<br />

files <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion from 1824 to 1831, except 1827, said to be in <strong>the</strong><br />

possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family <strong>of</strong> Clarke Waggoner, <strong>of</strong> Toledo. In <strong>the</strong> Sandusky<br />

<strong>Library</strong> <strong>the</strong>re are several files <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion prior to 1836, but not complete,<br />

and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>re are no knoAvn files <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paper until in <strong>the</strong> '40s,<br />

when Mrs. Kate Thomas has several bound volumes between 1845 and<br />

1852, part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong> Clarion had for its head <strong>the</strong> picture <strong>of</strong> Sandusky<br />

published in HoAve's First History <strong>of</strong> Ohio. There is a volume <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Mirror <strong>of</strong> 1854 in <strong>the</strong> Sandusky <strong>Library</strong>, presented to it by <strong>the</strong><br />

author. There are no knoAvn files extant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Journal, or<br />

<strong>the</strong> Journal and Local. The extant Register files begin on May 27, 1853,<br />

continue to November 1, 1854, skip to 1862, include 1862 and 1863, and,<br />

toge<strong>the</strong>r with those in <strong>the</strong> library, are complete to <strong>the</strong> present time.<br />

The Sandusky Journal Avas established as a daily and Aveekly in 1866

414 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

in an <strong>of</strong>fice located on <strong>the</strong> third floor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cooke Block, over Avhere<br />

Echvard Alstaetter's insurance <strong>of</strong>fice is HOAV located, being edited by<br />

Addison Kinney and Frank B. Colver. A bro<strong>the</strong>r, John C. Kinney, soon<br />

joined <strong>the</strong> firm. At <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> six months Mr. Colver retired, and <strong>the</strong><br />

paper was published by Kinney Bro<strong>the</strong>rs until January, 1868, Avhen M. F.<br />

McKelvey became associated Avith <strong>the</strong> firm, but retired in September <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> same year. The daily Avas suspended but <strong>the</strong> AA'eekly continued until<br />

in 1879. Compelled by failing health to retire, John C. Kinney sold<br />

<strong>the</strong> Journal to Frank and Charles A. Layman, AVIIO, in turn, sold out<br />

<strong>the</strong> establishment on March 1, 1886, to Frank Stible and Felix Breen,<br />

AVIIO published a daily and Avcekly for six Aveeks, at which time Mr. Breen<br />

retired, and <strong>the</strong> publication continued until January, 1887, Avhen A. E.<br />

Merrill and C. C. Bittener became <strong>the</strong> OAvners, and AA'as consolidated with<br />

<strong>the</strong> Sandusky Local, Avhich had been in existence several years as a democratic<br />

opposition publication. Later C. C. Bittener purchased <strong>the</strong> interest<br />

<strong>of</strong> A. E. Merrill and for several years published <strong>the</strong> Journal and<br />

Local as sole OAvner. Ano<strong>the</strong>r democratic paper, <strong>the</strong> Star, was later published,<br />

and after a feAV years was combined with <strong>the</strong> Journal and Local<br />

and published under <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Star-Journal by <strong>the</strong> Alvord Peters<br />

Company, in Avhose hands it is understood to have been a pr<strong>of</strong>itable<br />

enterprise.<br />

THE MILAN ADVERTISER<br />

From <strong>the</strong> statistical information furnished by RaAvell's Directory <strong>of</strong><br />

Ohio neAvspapers, it is learned that <strong>the</strong> Advertiser is a weekly paper,<br />

issued each Saturday, in size 30 by 44, and having a circulation <strong>of</strong> over<br />

500. It appears as a fact, but not upon <strong>the</strong> above quoted authority, that<br />

<strong>the</strong> Milan Advertiser is issued only in this county, <strong>the</strong> type and press-<br />

Avork being performed in Tiffin. W. B. Starbird, noAV an attorney <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky, is <strong>the</strong> resident editor.<br />

A paper <strong>of</strong> this same name Avas founded in <strong>the</strong> year 1869 and. Avas<br />

issued through that part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county as an advertising sheet, and<br />

Avithout expense to its readers. In <strong>the</strong> year following it became a subscription<br />

paper at $1 per annum, but subsequently <strong>the</strong> price Avas raised<br />

to $1.50. Several changes and enlargements AA'eer made in <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> paper to keep step Avith its increasing circulation. Of this paper<br />

<strong>the</strong> present Advertiser is <strong>the</strong> outgroAvth. It is IIOAV succeeded by <strong>the</strong><br />

Milan Ledger AATUCII is successfully conducted by Miss Anna HOAVC.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> June 15, 1915, says: "The Vermillion NeAVS, Thursday,<br />

celebrated its nineteenth birthday.<br />

'' The NeAvs made its bow in June, 1896, Avith Robt. M. Whitmore as<br />

publisher. The equipment Avas moved to Vermillion from Greenspring,<br />

0. The first file to be found at <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice however is <strong>of</strong> June 24, 1897,<br />

and from its columns it is learned that F. E. Engelhry AA'as <strong>the</strong> tOAvn's<br />

Mayor; J. A. Klaar, clerk; I). IT. Stevens, marshall; John Wagner, postmaster.<br />

"Pearl Roscoe is <strong>the</strong> present editor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NeAA'S; Basil N. Henry,<br />

assistant editor, and Miss E<strong>the</strong>l Battomley, compositor."

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 415<br />

The Erie County Reporter, published at Huron, has a large circulation<br />

and is edited by T. M. Clock.<br />

The first number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Advertiser Avas printed at Huron on January<br />

17, 1837, edited by II. C. Grey. It appeared regularly until 1842,<br />

when <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice was moved to Sandusky, <strong>the</strong> "name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paper being<br />

changed to <strong>the</strong> Commercial Advertiser and edited by M. II. Snyder &<br />

Company.<br />

In December, 1842, <strong>the</strong> paper again changed hands, being purchased<br />

by William S. Mills and Sylvester Ross, AVIIO ran it as <strong>the</strong> Democratic<br />

Mirror until 1847, Avhen John Mackey, recently admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar but<br />

not yet practicing, became part OAvner, <strong>the</strong> firm being Mills, Ross &<br />

Mackey. A daily Avas started in connection with <strong>the</strong> Aveekly edition and<br />

was continued for two years under this management until John Mackey<br />

retired to active practice <strong>of</strong> laAV, J. W. Taylor taking his place in <strong>the</strong><br />

firm.<br />

Ross dying in 1849 <strong>of</strong> cholera, <strong>the</strong> publication Avas continued by<br />

Mills and Taylor until 1852 when Taylor retired.<br />

The paper again changed hands in 1853, being sold to Joseph and<br />

Fielding Cable, AVIIO changed <strong>the</strong> name to <strong>the</strong> Bay City Mirror. It<br />

shortly Avas sold to Asa Dimmock and soon after to Ray Haddock; at<br />

this time <strong>the</strong> daily edition Avas discontinued. In May, 1856, it Avas purchased<br />

by Charles Orton and a year later <strong>the</strong> publication Avas suspended.<br />

In April, 1851, August Ruemmele and Herman Ruess began <strong>the</strong> publication<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first German neAvspaper published in <strong>the</strong> county, called<br />

The Intelligente Blatt.. It ceased publication in 1854.<br />

The Bay Stadt Demokrat Avas <strong>the</strong> next German paper and AA'as established<br />

in 1856 by Louis Traub. In 1873 it Avas purchased by William<br />

Senn and appeared under <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> The Sandusky Demokrat by Avhich<br />

name it has ever since been knoAvn. It is HOAV <strong>the</strong> only German paper<br />

in <strong>the</strong> county. It is noAv published by William Ruemmele and has a<br />

strong influence among <strong>the</strong> German element.<br />

In 1853 The Beacon AA-as published at Huron for a short time and<br />

in 1885 The Vindicator Avas published for a very brief period.

THE BENCH AND BAR<br />

THE BAR OP ERIE COUNTY<br />

By E. B. King<br />

CHAPTER XXXV<br />

Erie County, though small in area and formed from Huron County<br />

in 1837, has since that time possessed a number <strong>of</strong> able and notable laAVyers,<br />

among those best knoAvn who were not in active practice in 1875,<br />

when I moved to Sandusky, were John F. Campbell, blind in his later<br />

life and for many years a partner <strong>of</strong> L. S. Beecher, also blind; Ebenezer<br />

AndreAvs and Philip R. Hopkins <strong>of</strong> Milan; William II. Hunter, AVIIO Avas<br />

a member <strong>of</strong> Congress in 1837-39; Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, also in Congress in<br />

; John Wheeler; Cuyler Leonai'd; John W. Sloane; James M. Root,<br />

a member <strong>of</strong> Congress 1846-52; Bernard Miner; Pitt Cooke, son <strong>of</strong><br />

Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, and at one time a partner <strong>of</strong> L. S. Beecher; 0. C.<br />

McLouth; Frank D. Parish; Rush R. Sloane and Waldo F. Converse.<br />

The five last named Avere not in practice, but all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m living here<br />

except Parish, AVIIO <strong>the</strong>n lived in Oberlin. Beside <strong>the</strong> foregoing, Ebenezer<br />

Lane Avas a district judge from 1824 to 1830 and judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Supreme Court <strong>of</strong> Ohio from 1830 to 1845, AVIIO took high rank among<br />

<strong>the</strong> judiciary <strong>of</strong> Ohio; and Walter F. Stone, AVIIO AA-as a Common Pleas<br />

judge from February, 1867 to 1871, and Supreme Court judge from<br />

<strong>the</strong>n till 1874, Avhen a short pei'iod after his resignation he died in December,<br />

1874. Tn his less than three years service in <strong>the</strong> Court <strong>of</strong> Last<br />

Resort he had given promise <strong>of</strong> becoming one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ablest <strong>of</strong> his contemporaries.<br />

As one looks back over only four decades, it is to emphasize Avhat<br />

changes may occur in so brief a space. In October, 1875, I took up my<br />

permanent residence in Sandusky, and found among my felloAv lawyers<br />

<strong>the</strong> folloAving, none <strong>of</strong> whom but C. W. Sadler and C. C. Bitner, long<br />

since retired from practice, and myself are now among <strong>the</strong> living:<br />

Homer GoodAvin and LeAvis II. GoodAvin, as H. & L. GoodAvin; Lucas<br />

S. Beecher and John T. Beecher, as firm <strong>of</strong> L. S. & J. T. Beecher; S. F.<br />

Taylor and Arthur Phinney, as <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Taylor & Phinney; Walter<br />

W. BoAven and Edmund B. King, AATIO <strong>the</strong>n formed <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> BoAA'en<br />

& King; Cooper K. Watson and B. F. Lee, as <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Watson & Lee;<br />

John Mackey; E. B. Sadler and Charles W. Sadler, as <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> E. B.<br />

& C. W. Sadler; A. W. Hendry; Frederick W. Cogswell; Horatio Wildman;<br />

James M. Root; Jabez G. BigeloAV; Samuel C. Wheeler; Charles<br />

L. Hubbard; E. C. Boyd; C. C. Bitner; James Lloyd DeWitt; William<br />

G. Lane, Common Pleas judge; Elisha M. Colver, Probate judge.<br />

416

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 417<br />

William (f. Lane, <strong>the</strong> Common Pleas judge, Avas a son <strong>of</strong> Judge<br />

Ebenezer Lane. On his retirement from <strong>the</strong> bench in 1876 he was folloAved<br />

in immediate succession by Cooper K. Watson, John Mackey and<br />

James L. DeWitt in <strong>the</strong> order named. Of this active list E. B. Sadler<br />

had been a judge under <strong>the</strong> first constitution in 1845 to 1851, and S. F.<br />

Taylor, a Common Pleas judge from 1853 to 1867. Among this list<br />

Homer GoodAvin, Cooper K. Watson, E. B. Sadler, S. F. Taylor and<br />

John Mackey Avere <strong>the</strong> leaders; Lucas S. Beecher had been a shining<br />

light, but in 1875 Avas failing, though he appeared in <strong>the</strong> trial <strong>of</strong> cases<br />

for some time after 1875. Mr. Beecher Avas a commanding figure, a<br />

fluent talker and a A'ersatile reasoner. Of those AVIIO dug among <strong>the</strong><br />

precedents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> past for legal ammunition Homer GoodAA'in Avas far<br />

and away <strong>the</strong> ablest hiAA'yer at this bar and held a leading position from<br />

before 1850 to his death in 1895. He was a graduate <strong>of</strong> Western Reserve<br />

University, <strong>the</strong>n located at Hudson, Ohio. He came here as a teacher<br />

in <strong>the</strong> public schools, read laAV while teaching, and Avas soon admitted<br />

and began practice and devoted himself Avholly to his pr<strong>of</strong>ession to <strong>the</strong><br />

hour <strong>of</strong> his death. His manner in <strong>the</strong> trial <strong>of</strong> cases provoked antagonisms<br />

with opposing counsel and <strong>the</strong> bench, but he Avas able, fearless,<br />

untiring and honorable. Among all <strong>the</strong> laAvyers <strong>of</strong> Ohio Avhom I have<br />

knoAvn in <strong>the</strong> last forty-five years none had a higher standard <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

ethics. The men named above, Judges Sadler, Taylor, Watson<br />

and Mackey, as colleagues or opponents were Avorthy <strong>of</strong> his or any lawyer's<br />

best, efforts; all Avere upstanding men <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> highest character.<br />

The notable difference betAveen <strong>the</strong>m and Homer GoodAvin Avas in his<br />

habit and disposition for Avork.<br />

It is easier to say Avho were <strong>the</strong> lawyers at a fixed date, as in 1875,<br />

than to say Avho have come to our bar in <strong>the</strong> forty years since that time.<br />

Grayson Mills came to <strong>the</strong> bar in 1878, served two terms as prosecuting<br />

attorney, and in 1891 was appointed and served a little more than one<br />

year as Common Pleas judge, in which position he succeeded James<br />

Lloyd DeWitt, accidentally killed. In December, 1892, Malcolm Kelly<br />

<strong>of</strong> Port Clinton succeeded Judge Mills by an election and served until<br />

February, 1897, since Avhich time Judge Kelly has lived in Sandusky, a<br />

respected citizen and able and successful laAvyer.<br />

Lynn W. Hull came to <strong>the</strong> bar about 1883 and immediately succeeded<br />

to a good practice. In 1896 he Avas elected Common Pleas judge and<br />

served from February, 1897, to October, 1899, when he resigned to<br />

accept <strong>the</strong> appointment as judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court, which latter position<br />

he ably filled until his death in November, 1905.<br />

Upon <strong>the</strong> resignation <strong>of</strong> Judge Hull, Hon. Charles S. Reed, who<br />

came to Sandusky from Kansas in 1897, Avas appointed Common Pleas<br />

judge. He served under this appointment and tAVO successive elections<br />

to October, 1911, when he resigned, moved to Cleveland, and is HOAV<br />

successfully engaged in pr<strong>of</strong>essional Avork in that city. Judge Reed Avas<br />

succeeded by Hon. Scott Stahl <strong>of</strong> Port Clinton, AATIO served until February,<br />

1914, Avhen he resigned to enter <strong>the</strong> practice at Port Clinton and<br />

Toledo, and Avas succeeded by John Duff <strong>of</strong> Oak Harbor, and in <strong>the</strong><br />

Vol. I —27

418 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

change <strong>of</strong> districts and by <strong>the</strong> election in 1914 in Erie County, alone,<br />

he was succeeded by Hon. Roy IT. Williams, who began his term <strong>of</strong> six<br />

years on January 1, 1915. Judge Williams was born in Milan, admitted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> bar in , practiced and had his home in Sandusky, Avas prosecuting<br />

attorney tAvo terms, and possesses <strong>the</strong> vigor, character and ability<br />

to qualify him for a successful judicial career. During this period it<br />

should be mentioned that Edmund B. King (<strong>the</strong> writer <strong>of</strong> this sketch)<br />

was in 1894 elected a judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court and served from February<br />

9, 1895, to October 9, 1899, Avhen he resigned to resume pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

practice. He entered <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> King & Guerrin. Mr. W. E.<br />

Guerrin, Jr.,'came to Sandusky in 1894, and on <strong>the</strong> retirement <strong>of</strong> Judge<br />

King from <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> King & Hull, in 1895, Mr. Guerrin came with<br />

Judge Hull; in 1897 he associated himself with Judge Wickhani <strong>of</strong> Norwalk<br />

until Judge King came back to <strong>the</strong> practice. In January, 1913,<br />

Mr. Guerrin moved to Cleveland, where he is now actively engaged in<br />

practice.<br />

Judge Elisha M. Colver was Probate judge in 1875, served in that<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice nine years and was succeeded by Judge Albert E. Merrill, "a<br />

country doctor;" he administered <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice so well that he Avas kept<br />

<strong>the</strong>re four terms, or twelve years, and while in <strong>of</strong>fice was admitted to<br />

<strong>the</strong> bar and began active practice on leaving it. About twelve years ago<br />

he moved to Los Angeles, California, and is noAV successfully engaged<br />

in <strong>the</strong> law.<br />

Judge Merrill was succeeded in <strong>of</strong>fice by George C. Beis, AVIIO had<br />

been two terms city solicitor and who served three years, and is noAV<br />

practicing laAV with success. Judge Beis was succeeded as Probate judge<br />

by Lewis IT. Goodwin in February, 1894. He served until 1900 and<br />

shortly after his retirement from <strong>of</strong>fice died.<br />

Ulysses Curran was <strong>the</strong> superintendent <strong>of</strong> Sandusky schools in 1875<br />

and while teaching was admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar. Leaving <strong>the</strong> teaching pr<strong>of</strong>ession<br />

about 1880 he practiced law in Sandusky until 1900, Avhen he<br />

became probate judge and served' two terms. He died-in February,<br />

1914. He was followed in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Probate judge in 1906 by Judge<br />

Thomas M. Sloane, who is still faithfully filling that important <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />

Beside <strong>the</strong>se who have been honored in judicial positions Hon. Cyrus<br />

B. Winters, now practicing here, was two terms prosecuting attorney<br />

and four terms a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> General Assembly <strong>of</strong> Ohio.<br />

John Ray, Avho began practicing law in Sandusky in 1883, Avas tAvo<br />

terms prosecuting attorney. EdAvard S. Stephens was tAvo terms prosecuting<br />

attorney and Avas succeeded by Henry Hart, and he by James<br />

Flynn, Jr. Of <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present bar John F. McCrystal,<br />

W. L. Fiesinger, George C. Steinemann, Henry Schoepfle have served<br />

<strong>the</strong> city as solicitors and that <strong>of</strong>fice is IIOAV filled by W. B. Starbird.<br />

John F. Hertlein Avas tAvo terms clerk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courts and C. M. Ray,<br />

attorney, residing at Huron, Avas a member from Erie County in <strong>the</strong><br />

Seventy-sixth General Assembly <strong>of</strong> Ohio.<br />

Roscoe B. Fisher, Ed. S. Stephens and Claude B. DeWitt have been

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 419<br />

at different times <strong>the</strong> referee in bankruptcy for Erie and OttaAva counties.<br />

In addition to those above mentioned and still actively carrying on<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir legal work are: Charles IT. Cramer, Hewson L. Peeke, George E.<br />

Reiter, Thomas B. Hoxsey, Russell K. Ramsey, Henry J. Schiller, Edmund<br />

H. Savord, Claude J. Minor, Earl C. Krueger and Joseph G. Pyle,<br />

all <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, and II. R. Williams <strong>of</strong> Vermillion and George F.<br />

Eschenroeder <strong>of</strong> Milan.<br />

There are thirty practicing laAvyers at <strong>the</strong> bar in this county, not<br />

counting <strong>the</strong> resident judges. Philip C. Scherkle came to <strong>the</strong> bar in<br />

1878 and was from 1882 to his death in 1887 associated with E. M.<br />

Colver in <strong>the</strong> practice.<br />

The present roll <strong>of</strong> attorneys <strong>of</strong> Erie County compares favorably in<br />

legal ability Avith <strong>the</strong> honored ones AVIIO have passed from earthly scenes.<br />

Because <strong>the</strong> business organizations have become more complicated and<br />

are conducted by corporations to a far greater extent than by individual<br />

OAAmers, so laAvyers must knoAv more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> methods <strong>of</strong> modern business<br />

and <strong>the</strong>re is less demand for forensic efforts on <strong>the</strong>ir part. The lawyer<br />

in order to be useful in his community must be a practical business man<br />

as well as educated and skilled in pr<strong>of</strong>essional knowledge and legal<br />

acumen.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> year 1883 I (HeAvson L. Peeke) went to <strong>the</strong> territory <strong>of</strong> Dakota,<br />

as it <strong>the</strong>n Avas before <strong>the</strong> state was divided, for my health, being<br />

<strong>the</strong> only man in <strong>the</strong> community who Avas <strong>the</strong>re for his health. The o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

inhabitants unanimously told me that <strong>the</strong>y were not <strong>the</strong>re for <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

health and I believed <strong>the</strong>m at that time and have never had any reason<br />

to doubt <strong>the</strong>ir statement since.<br />

While in Dakota I AAas admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar at Huron on March 16,<br />

1883. The requirements for admission to <strong>the</strong> bar at that time were<br />

extremely liberal, being largely dependent on pull and <strong>the</strong> temper <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

examining committee. A man named Harris and myself constituted <strong>the</strong><br />

entire class admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar at that time. As I read law in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong><br />

A. B. Melville he Avas appointed by <strong>the</strong> judge as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> committee,<br />

Avhile a lawyer named Sturgis Avith whom Harris read Avas appointed<br />

<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> committee.<br />

Harris had <strong>the</strong> foresight to provide a half dozen bottles <strong>of</strong> Avine and<br />

a box <strong>of</strong> cigars Avhich lubricated <strong>the</strong> process considerably. After a feAV<br />

cigars had been smoked and a feAV drinks had been taken by <strong>the</strong> committee<br />

<strong>the</strong> oral examination began in <strong>the</strong> evening. Out <strong>of</strong> forty ques-.<br />

tions Harris ansAvered none except <strong>the</strong> last, Avhen Melville said to him,<br />

'' NOAV Harris Ave will ask you something that you knoAv something about,<br />

'Avhat is rape?' " The next morning after a very uncomfortable half<br />

hour before Judge Edgerton, who Avas <strong>the</strong>n judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> District Court,<br />

Avho asked us how we would sue a promissory note, on Avhich subject Ave<br />

showed abysmal ignorance, Ave Avere admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar. The judge<br />

remarked that Ave Avere no more ignorant than many that he had known.<br />

I arrived in Sandusky December 31, 1883, and because I had not

4<strong>20</strong> HISTORY r OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

practiced tAvo years, Avas required under <strong>the</strong> Ohio statute, to read laAV a<br />

year, which I did in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Homer GoodAvin, AVIIO had Avhat Avas<br />

<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> largest library in Sandusky. I had nei<strong>the</strong>r idea nor instruction<br />

Avliat to read, and for several months at a time Mr. GoodAvin did not even<br />

say "Good morning." I read pretty steadily and Avhen admitted kneAV<br />

more about <strong>the</strong> laAV books than I do noAV.<br />

I Avent to Columbus to be examined in December, 1884, but was not<br />

permitted to enter <strong>the</strong> examination because my Dakota papers did not<br />

shoAv I had read two years. I Avas admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar on <strong>the</strong> 7th <strong>of</strong><br />

January', 1885, and SAVorn in by Chief Justice Johnson. The examination<br />

was a Avritten one occupying tAvo days, conducted in <strong>the</strong> old Supreme<br />

Court room, Avhich is now <strong>the</strong> relic room, and Avas one <strong>of</strong> those held<br />

monthly through <strong>the</strong> court year at that period. There Avere 100 questions,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> last one Avas, '' Suppose a man left his property to found<br />

a hospital for <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> disabled Confederate soldiers, Avould <strong>the</strong><br />

court sustain <strong>the</strong> laAV?" Having in mind <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> court Avas<br />

democratic, as Avell as <strong>the</strong> committee, I Avrote doAA'n as my ansAver, "The<br />

time for waving <strong>the</strong> bloody shirt is past."<br />

I had been informed that <strong>the</strong> oral examination on Blaekstone followed<br />

<strong>the</strong> written examination for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> helping' <strong>the</strong> lame ducks<br />

through, and that any member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> class Avas asked one question and<br />

<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> second time round <strong>the</strong> person AVIIO passed <strong>the</strong> best examination<br />

was dropped, and so on until <strong>the</strong> feAV lame ducks were, tested orally as<br />

to <strong>the</strong>ir knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> laAV. When <strong>the</strong> second round <strong>of</strong> questions<br />

began I was omitted, and old Judge Gilmore, <strong>the</strong> author on <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong><br />

probate practice, who had been a staunch democrat during <strong>the</strong> AA'ar,<br />

stepped up and "congratulated me on <strong>the</strong> able examination I had passed,<br />

and especially on my ansAver to <strong>the</strong> one hundredth question, so I knew<br />

I Avas through. My acquaintance with <strong>the</strong> Ohio bar, <strong>the</strong>refore, dates<br />

from December 31, 1883.<br />

The State <strong>of</strong> Ohio is made up <strong>of</strong> eighty-eight counties, and in <strong>the</strong><br />

more than a century <strong>of</strong> its existence has had seventy-eight judges <strong>of</strong> its<br />

Supreme Court. Erie County is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> smallest and youngest counties<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, but has furnished <strong>the</strong> state's most exalted tribunal tAvo<br />

judges—Ebenezer R. Lane and Walter F. Stone.<br />

The Circuit Court (recently knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Court <strong>of</strong> Appeals) Avas instituted<br />

in 1885, and in <strong>the</strong> Sixth Circuit has had tAA'elve judges, <strong>of</strong> Avhich<br />

Erie County has furnished tAvo—Edmund B. King and Linn W. Hull.<br />

This circuit has nine counties, one <strong>of</strong> Avhich is Lucas County, which furnishes<br />

more than half <strong>the</strong> business <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court. Of <strong>the</strong> nine judges <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Court <strong>of</strong> Appeals since its inception, Erie County has furnished tAvo.<br />

Under <strong>the</strong> old constitution <strong>of</strong> 1801, Judge Ebenezer B. Sadler Avas <strong>the</strong><br />

only president judge in <strong>the</strong> old days Avhen a laAA'yer sat on <strong>the</strong> bench<br />

with tAvo associate judges Avho Avere not laAvyers. After <strong>the</strong> adoption <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> new constitution <strong>the</strong> first Common Pleas judge from Erie County Avas<br />

Judge Sebastian F. Taylor, AVIIO served ten years, and Avas succeeded by<br />

Judge Walter F. Stone, who remained on <strong>the</strong> bench until he Avas advanced<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Supreme Bench. Judge William G. Lane succeeded Judge Stone,

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 421<br />

and Judge Cooper K. Watson followed Judge Lane. Since that time <strong>the</strong><br />

common pleas judgeship has be,en held by <strong>the</strong> following Erie County<br />

lawyers: John Mackey, J. Lloyd DeWitt, Grayson Mills, Malcolm Kelly,<br />

Linn W. Hull, Charles S. Reed, Roy H. Williams.<br />

Judge Walter F. Stone Avas judge in <strong>the</strong> days when <strong>the</strong> court journal.<br />

was read by <strong>the</strong> court every day, and he Avas a great stickler for <strong>the</strong><br />

proposition that <strong>the</strong> journal should be an actual record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exact daily<br />

Avork <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court. On one occasion a perpetual litigant, at <strong>the</strong> conclusion<br />

<strong>of</strong> a ease after an adverse verdict had been rendered against him, smote<br />

<strong>the</strong> table Avith his fist and cried out, "Hell, peel her up by G—!"<br />

A laAA'yer at <strong>the</strong> bar procured one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ordinary printed forms <strong>of</strong> a<br />

journal entry on a verdict and proceeded to fill it in: " This day came<br />

<strong>the</strong> parties, and <strong>the</strong>reupon came <strong>the</strong> folloAving jurors, to-wit (leaving a<br />

blank for <strong>the</strong>ir names) and being duly sAvorn and having heard <strong>the</strong> evidence,<br />

arguments and <strong>the</strong> charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court, retired for deliberation,<br />

and after due deliberation, returned <strong>the</strong> folloAving verdict: 'We, <strong>the</strong> jury<br />

being duly SAvorn, find <strong>the</strong> issues <strong>of</strong> this case in favor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plaintiff,<br />

and assess <strong>the</strong> amount due from <strong>the</strong> defendant to <strong>the</strong> plaintiff at <strong>the</strong><br />

sum <strong>of</strong> $ .' And <strong>the</strong>reupon <strong>the</strong> defendant in open court smote <strong>the</strong><br />

table Avith his fist and cried in a loud voice, "Hell, peel her up, by G—!"<br />

This entry, so prepared, Avas presented to Judge Stone for his approval,<br />

Avhich Avas refused.<br />

Judge Cooper K. Watson was one <strong>of</strong> characters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bench <strong>of</strong>e<br />

Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio in <strong>the</strong> late '70s. He Avas a man <strong>of</strong> considerabfe legal<br />

knoAvledge, but addicted to <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> liquor, and <strong>of</strong> strong prejudices.<br />

lie AA'JIS a terror to criminals, so much so that in <strong>the</strong> last part <strong>of</strong> his service<br />

juries Avould not convict except in a clear case. On one occasion a jury<br />

tried <strong>the</strong> experiment <strong>of</strong> convicting a prisoner and recommending him to<br />

<strong>the</strong> mercy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court. On receiving <strong>the</strong> recommendation, it is said that<br />

Judge Watson fairly glared. In his high, shrill voice he said: "Mercy!<br />

They have brought you to <strong>the</strong> right shop for mercy. Ten years in <strong>the</strong><br />

penitentiary in solitary confinement at hard labor, and I AA'ish to God I<br />

could give you more."<br />

The story is told that he AA ; as once sitting, somevA'hat intoxicated, in<br />

a croAvd Avhich Avas discussing <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> Avater. When Judge Watson<br />

grasped <strong>the</strong> idea, he said: "Water! Who in hell Avants Avater? The voice<br />

<strong>of</strong> history is against it. The A'oice <strong>of</strong> nature is against it. Even <strong>the</strong><br />

Avord <strong>of</strong> God is against it. There is not but one man in all <strong>the</strong> Bible<br />

that Avanted Avater, and he Avas in hell, AA'here he ought to be."<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> November 24, 1874, contains <strong>the</strong> folloAving item:<br />

"The bell <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old court house is to he taken doAvn and placed over<br />

<strong>the</strong> common pleas court room in <strong>the</strong> neAV building. The old bell has<br />

hung in <strong>the</strong> court house for 30 years and has done excellent service. It<br />

has for years been <strong>the</strong> only recognized fire alarm in <strong>the</strong> city and at every<br />

conflagration for <strong>the</strong> past three decades it has rung out Avarning notes."<br />

After <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avater Avorks <strong>the</strong> Avhistle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avater works<br />

became <strong>the</strong> recognized fire alarm, and <strong>the</strong> bell has since passed into<br />

innocuous desuetude.

422 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

THE ONLY MURDERER EVER LEGALLY EXECUTED IN ERIE COUNTY<br />

John Ritter (fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Miss Mina Ritter, for many years stamp clerk<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Sandusky post<strong>of</strong>fice) before 1914 lived in a small house near <strong>the</strong><br />

west end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present West House. Edward Evans Avorked in a tailor<br />

shop next to a grocery and saloon kept by Ritter on an alley running<br />

from West Washington ROAV north to Water Street, Avhich Avas a continuation<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present alley Avest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sloane House.<br />

Evans was a one-legged man and hobbled in May 5, 1840, and demanded<br />

a drink, and on being refused, stabbed Ritter to <strong>the</strong> heart.<br />

Evans Avas tried and executed for <strong>the</strong>- murder September 30, 1840.<br />

His trial took place in <strong>the</strong> old courthouse. Parish & Sadler Avere special<br />

prosecutors, and L. S. Beecher and George Reber defended Evans. He<br />

was hung in an old mile race track that <strong>the</strong>n existed about 15 rods south<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brick house, No. 324, on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> Jefferson Street, <strong>the</strong> third<br />

house east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> Jefferson and Franklin streets and<br />

east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> railroad, according to <strong>the</strong> testimony <strong>of</strong> John Holland, Avho saAV<br />

him hung on <strong>the</strong> galloAvs erected for that purpose.<br />

Evans Avas tried under <strong>the</strong> old practice before three judges—Moors<br />

FarAA'ell, Nathan Strong and Harvey Fowler—and a jury <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> folloAving<br />

men: James Belden, Samuel IT. Smith, Nathaniel Byington, David<br />

Barber, James Cleveland, Joseph Stansbery, Moses I. Morsman, Royal<br />

P. Lock, AndreAV Prout, Harvey Wood, AVilliam D. Lindsley and William<br />

Smith.<br />

There Avas not much delay in <strong>the</strong> laAV in those days. The record begins<br />

on page 474 <strong>of</strong> volume 1 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court record, and <strong>the</strong> Avhole record does'<br />

not cover four pages, including <strong>the</strong> bill <strong>of</strong> exceptions on Avhich error Avas<br />

never prosecuted.<br />

But <strong>the</strong> hanging seems as complete as if it had all <strong>the</strong> modern improvements.<br />

Zalmuna Phillips Avas <strong>the</strong> sheriff Avho hung him, and <strong>the</strong> confession<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> murderer is preserved in <strong>the</strong> Carnegie <strong>Library</strong>.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> December 3, 1885, contains a summary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Evans<br />

ease, and states: "The execution took place south <strong>of</strong> Jefferson street<br />

and east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present B. & 0. track, in <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> a large croAvd.<br />

The murderer's body Avas buried near <strong>the</strong> track, and probably later carried<br />

<strong>of</strong>f by body snatchers. Evans had no relatives or friends in this section.<br />

Then <strong>the</strong> city had tAvo thousand population and <strong>the</strong> county 12,599."<br />

THE LYNCHING OF WILLIAM TAYLOR<br />

A generation has passed since <strong>the</strong> only lynching in <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> Erie<br />

County. On September 4, 1878, William Taylor, a negro, Avas lynched<br />

for <strong>the</strong> murder <strong>of</strong> Alice O'Donnell, AVIIO had mysteriously disappeared<br />

on September 2d. It Avas suspected that Taylor kneAv Avhat had become<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> girl and he was arrested and on September 3d made a partial confession<br />

<strong>of</strong> guilt. He said <strong>the</strong> girl had been killed and her body taken to<br />

McCartney's woods near Venice. Taylor claimed he Avas not her murderer,<br />

but ano<strong>the</strong>r negro had committed <strong>the</strong> crime. He admitted hiding

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 423<br />

<strong>the</strong> body in <strong>the</strong> woods, however. He was taken to <strong>the</strong> spot and <strong>the</strong> remains<br />

were found On <strong>the</strong>.spot he indicated. The body Avas removed to Ruff &<br />

Son's undertaking establishment and Taylor was taken to jail.<br />

The report that Taylor had confessed and that <strong>the</strong> body had been<br />

found spread around <strong>the</strong> toAvn like wildfire, and a mob at once ga<strong>the</strong>red<br />

at <strong>the</strong> jail and demanded <strong>the</strong> prisoner. UnknoAvn to <strong>the</strong> mob he Avas<br />

removed from <strong>the</strong> jail by a back way, but <strong>the</strong> matter was so bungled by<br />

Sheriff Starr that <strong>the</strong> mob learned <strong>of</strong> it and started in pursuit. Starr<br />

stopped Avith Taylor at <strong>the</strong> infirmary and <strong>the</strong> mob caught up and bulldozed<br />

Starr into surrendering Taylor. As soon as <strong>the</strong>y got Taylor <strong>the</strong>y<br />

took him to a pagoda <strong>the</strong>n standing in East Washington Park, where a mob<br />

had ga<strong>the</strong>red, and a rope was procured and placed around Taylor's neck<br />

and he Avas jerked out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pagoda head first and dragged across <strong>the</strong> park<br />

down Columbus Avenue to Market Street, where he was hung to a lamp<br />

post in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building now occupied by <strong>the</strong> American Bank. The<br />

disposal <strong>of</strong> his body is unknown.<br />

The cornerstone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present courthouse was laid August 15, 1873,<br />

and a copper casket was placed <strong>the</strong>rein containing <strong>the</strong> following articles:<br />

Copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> constitutions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States and State <strong>of</strong> Ohio; copy<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specifications <strong>of</strong> labor and material for <strong>the</strong> building; copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

premium list for <strong>the</strong> Eri'e County Agricultural Fair <strong>of</strong> 1872; list <strong>of</strong><br />

county <strong>of</strong>ficers with mayors <strong>of</strong> Vermillion, Huron, Milan and Sandusky;<br />

list <strong>of</strong> city <strong>of</strong>ficers and council <strong>of</strong> Sandusky; list <strong>of</strong> Sandusky customs<br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers and internal revenue <strong>of</strong>ficers; list <strong>of</strong> post<strong>of</strong>fice employees; name<br />

<strong>of</strong> courthouse architect and contractors; first seal used by Erie County<br />

recorder, date 1838; various United States coins; Sandusky Second<br />

National Bank $1 note; copies <strong>of</strong> Daily and Weekly Register; report <strong>of</strong><br />

secretary <strong>of</strong> state; list <strong>of</strong> common pleas judges <strong>of</strong> Fourth Judicial District;<br />

seventeenth report <strong>of</strong> state school commissioner; list <strong>of</strong> Milan<br />

council members, churches and population; Masonic documents.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> December 25, 1874, contains a picture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new<br />

courthouse and a five-column account <strong>of</strong> its completion at a cost <strong>of</strong><br />

$154,222.98. The Common Pleas Court room is described as having in<br />

<strong>the</strong> rear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> judges' seat a fresco <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Goddess <strong>of</strong> Justice, and directly<br />

above it <strong>the</strong> portrait <strong>of</strong> Judge E. Lane, and on <strong>the</strong> right <strong>the</strong> portrait <strong>of</strong><br />

Peter Hitchcock, former supreme judges <strong>of</strong> Ohio. Next are <strong>the</strong> portraits<br />

<strong>of</strong> Jefferson and Jackson, and in <strong>the</strong> south end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> room <strong>the</strong> portrait<br />

<strong>of</strong> George Washington. At <strong>the</strong> present writing all <strong>the</strong>se pictures have<br />

been removed and been replaced by various seals. The first court Avas<br />

held on February 2,1875.<br />

THE CIRCUIT COURT<br />

After <strong>the</strong> constitution <strong>of</strong> 1851 took effect and <strong>the</strong> old Supreme Court<br />

ceased to travel <strong>the</strong> circuit, a neAV intermediate Appellate Court Avas<br />

created, called <strong>the</strong> District Court, Avhich was composed <strong>of</strong> three common<br />

pleas judges, and visited <strong>the</strong> counties as <strong>the</strong> old Supreme Court had done.<br />

The District Court had some peculiar, features <strong>of</strong> its jurisdiction, one

424 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>of</strong> Avhich was a provision that a will contest could be appealed from <strong>the</strong><br />

common pleas to <strong>the</strong> District Court and tried <strong>the</strong>re before <strong>the</strong> three<br />

judges and a jury <strong>of</strong> twelve men. The District Court became unsatisfactory<br />

for several reasons, one <strong>of</strong> which AA'as that it took <strong>the</strong> common<br />

pleas judges away from <strong>the</strong>ir work when <strong>the</strong>y AA'ere needed in <strong>the</strong>ir own<br />

THE BAR OP ERIE COUNTY ABOUT 1875<br />

The judge on <strong>the</strong> bench is William G. Lane. At bis left is <strong>the</strong> clerk,<br />

0. C. McLouth and his deputy, William J. Affleck. In <strong>the</strong> sheriff's box<br />

is D.'S. Worthington. In front <strong>of</strong> him is Merrill Starr, <strong>the</strong> sheriff'. On<br />

<strong>the</strong> left <strong>of</strong> Starr is Waldo Converse. Behind Waldo Converse is B. F.<br />

Lee, and behind Lee, Cooper K. Watson. The man reading a book in<br />

front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> judge's desk is Judge E. B. Sadler. At <strong>the</strong> left <strong>of</strong> Cooper<br />

K. AVatson is Judge S. F. Taylor. At <strong>the</strong> left <strong>of</strong> Judge Taylor is Homer<br />

GoodAvin. At <strong>the</strong> left <strong>of</strong> Homer GoodAvin is J. G. BigcloAV. Directly<br />

behind Bigelow is John T. Beecher. Immediately left <strong>of</strong> BigcloAV is Herman<br />

Ohly, and just in front <strong>of</strong> Ohly. near <strong>the</strong> rail, is L. II. GoodAvin.<br />

Directly behind L. II. Goodwin is Fred. Reinheinier. The o<strong>the</strong>rs are<br />

unidentified.<br />

court, and <strong>the</strong> District Court Avas succeeded in 1885 by <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court,<br />

which Avas provided for by an amendment to <strong>the</strong> constitution and came<br />

into existence on <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> January, 1885. The state Avas divided into<br />

eight circuits finally, and <strong>the</strong> Sixth Circuit, <strong>of</strong> which Erie County forms<br />

a part, at <strong>the</strong> inception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court Avas distinguished for <strong>the</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 425<br />

high class <strong>of</strong> its judges, Charles H. Scribner, <strong>the</strong> author <strong>of</strong> Scribuer on<br />

DoAver; George R. Haynes, and C. S. Bentley. Judge Scribner came to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Circuit Bench as <strong>the</strong> culmination <strong>of</strong> a successful career at <strong>the</strong> bar,<br />

and remained <strong>the</strong>re till his death. He was deeply learned in <strong>the</strong> law<br />

and received <strong>the</strong> compliment <strong>of</strong> being tAvice elected as a democrat in a<br />

heavily republican district. Even Avhen he lost <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> his eyes he<br />

Avould sit on <strong>the</strong> bench and in opinions perhaps too lengthy quote from<br />

memory successive cases in an attempt to satisfy <strong>the</strong> defeated party <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> correctness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> decision he was rendering. He possessed a dry wit.<br />

On one occasion <strong>the</strong> author Avas counsel in a case on an injunction bond,<br />

Avhere one fisherman had attempted to enjoin ano<strong>the</strong>r from fishing in a<br />

part <strong>of</strong> Lake Erie. On <strong>the</strong> trial in <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court <strong>the</strong> plaintiff testified<br />

that immediately after <strong>the</strong> injunction was issued by <strong>the</strong> Probate<br />

Court <strong>the</strong> catch <strong>of</strong> fish fell <strong>of</strong>f one-half. Judge Scribner leaned over<br />

<strong>the</strong> bench and requested <strong>the</strong> author, AVIIO Avas cross-examining <strong>the</strong> plaintiff,<br />

to ask <strong>the</strong> Avitness Avhat in his opinion Avould have been <strong>the</strong> effect<br />

if <strong>the</strong> injunction had originally issued from <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court.<br />

Judge George R. Haynes Avas justly proud <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fact that his career<br />

as a circuit judge began with <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court and continued<br />

nearly a quarter <strong>of</strong> a century till his death Avhile he Avas still on <strong>the</strong><br />

bench. The playful remark <strong>of</strong> Rufus Choate in regard to Chief Justice<br />

Slunv, "That he Avorshipped him for <strong>the</strong> same reason <strong>the</strong> Hindoo Avorshipped<br />

his idol, because Avhile he Avas ugly he Avas venerable," Avas singularly<br />

applicable to Judge Haynes. He Avas not, however, as homely<br />

as <strong>the</strong> painting in <strong>the</strong> Court <strong>of</strong> Appeals room at Toledo would indicate,<br />

Avhich is defective in several particulars, and especially too narroAV betAveen<br />

<strong>the</strong> eyes. He Avas a large man about 6 feet high, Aveighing betAveen<br />

250 and 300 pounds, with a kindly face, <strong>the</strong> honesty <strong>of</strong> Avhich Avas<br />

<strong>the</strong> first impression conveyed to <strong>the</strong> beholder. At <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> eighty-four<br />

he had a better memory than any <strong>of</strong> his younger associates on <strong>the</strong> bench.<br />

He Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> very I'CAV judges before Avhom I have appeared who<br />

never looked over <strong>the</strong> bench to ascertain Avho AA'ere. <strong>the</strong> clients or <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

attorneys. He paid no attention to anything but <strong>the</strong> facts and <strong>the</strong> laAV<br />

as he believed it to be. One case Avas a singular instance <strong>of</strong> this. A<br />

defendant had been fined $100 and costs by <strong>the</strong> Common Pleas Court<br />

for violating an injunction against circulating an obscene and libelous<br />

pamphlet. In <strong>the</strong> author's hearing Judge Haynes, some time before <strong>the</strong><br />

suit began, bad condemned <strong>the</strong> pamphlet in unmeasured terms. The<br />

defendant desired a stay <strong>of</strong> execution, and under <strong>the</strong> statute had <strong>the</strong><br />

right to apply to all three judges or any one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. He chose to apply<br />

to Judge Haynes. On <strong>the</strong> argument, as soon as Judge Haynes learned<br />

that <strong>the</strong> fine included <strong>the</strong> costs he granted <strong>the</strong> stay, and argument Avas <strong>of</strong><br />

no use. He AA'as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> feAV men AVIIO successfully mixed religion and<br />

laAV. He Avas a sincere belicA'er in Christianity and a judge AVIIO delivered<br />

<strong>the</strong> poor Avhen he cried and Hie fa<strong>the</strong>rless Avho had none to help him.<br />

Judge C. S. Bentley is still alive and it is sufficient to say that he<br />

\vas not uiiAVortby to sit in <strong>the</strong> company <strong>of</strong> tAvo <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> greatest judges<br />

before Avhom <strong>the</strong> author has appeared.

426 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

We cannot omit from our consideration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bench <strong>of</strong> Erie County<br />

<strong>the</strong> justices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace that have at various times dignified <strong>the</strong> ermine<br />

and furnished amusement to <strong>the</strong> bar.<br />

Who can forget <strong>the</strong> resplendent proboscis <strong>of</strong> old Jacob Schnell, AVIIO<br />

on one occasion in a democratic convention, Avhile slightly under <strong>the</strong><br />

wea<strong>the</strong>r, moved to make a certain nomination '' umonious;" or <strong>the</strong> once<br />

justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace AVIIO on reading a replevin affidavit to a soiled dove<br />

who Avas trying to replevin her trunk from her landlady, on reading<br />

<strong>the</strong> affidavit and coining to <strong>the</strong> election that <strong>the</strong> property Avas not taken<br />

from her by mesne or final process, read <strong>the</strong> word mesne '' menses.'' Or<br />

old Justice J. B. Keyes, who on one occasion refused to follow <strong>the</strong> unanimous<br />

decision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court on <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ory that <strong>the</strong>y were men<br />

like himself and liable to be mistaken as to <strong>the</strong> law. There was a certainty<br />

to <strong>the</strong> law in those days. There Avere three justices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace<br />

in Sandusky, and if you kneAv <strong>the</strong> justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace before whom <strong>the</strong><br />

case came and <strong>the</strong> lawyers on ei<strong>the</strong>r side, you could predict <strong>the</strong> result<br />

with unerring certainty, Avithout knowing anything <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> facts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

case.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> characters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie County bar in <strong>the</strong> '70s and '80s<br />

Avas Gottleib Strobel, who was at one time justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace and performed<br />

several more or less amusing stunts, perhaps <strong>the</strong> most amusing<br />

one <strong>of</strong> which Avas his granting a divorce Avhen he Avas justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace<br />

for a period <strong>of</strong> three months to a man named William Frederick Scheuttenhelm,<br />

a full account <strong>of</strong> which is set forth in <strong>the</strong> Register for April<br />

24, 1874. On one occasion, after he ceased being justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace,<br />

he defended some petty criminal before Lloyd DeWitt, AVTIO was <strong>the</strong>n<br />

mayor and Avhose <strong>of</strong>fice Avas <strong>the</strong>n on <strong>the</strong> second floor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cooke Block.<br />

Strobel demanded a jury for his client, and for a couple <strong>of</strong> hours<br />

carried laAV books until he had a long table covered with legal literature.<br />

After <strong>the</strong> case Avas called and <strong>the</strong> jury empaneled <strong>the</strong> prisoner arose, and<br />

with tears in his eyes, besought <strong>the</strong> court not to let Strobel try* his case,<br />

as he had employed ano<strong>the</strong>r laAA'yer and believed that if Strobel defended<br />

him he Avould surely be convicted. The o<strong>the</strong>r lawyer forthwith appeared<br />

and proceeded to try <strong>the</strong> case, and Chief Justice Strobel proceeded to<br />

rend <strong>the</strong> air Avith nine-syllable German oaths for a long period <strong>of</strong> time.<br />

Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke Avas <strong>the</strong> first lawyer that ever came to Sandusky,<br />

Avhere he resided from 18<strong>20</strong> to 1864. He did not hold <strong>the</strong> record for<br />

long-distance talking but on one occasion before a justice he talked sixteen<br />

hours. He had considerable reputation for oratory, and some Avit.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> his dealings he once sold a buijding lot deficient in<br />

depth from front to rear. The purchaser complained and demanded a<br />

revocation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bargain. "Not deep enough?" said Cooke. "Why,<br />

my dear sir, you have a clear title from <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earth to <strong>the</strong><br />

highest heaven." He must have had considerable library for that day,<br />

Avhen it is considered that <strong>the</strong>re AA'as only one volume <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio Rcports%<br />

published, for he advertises in an early issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion that people<br />

around toAvn have fifty-three <strong>of</strong> his laAV books, and he Avants <strong>the</strong>m

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 427<br />

returned. The folloAving advertisement from <strong>the</strong> first issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clarion<br />

April 24, 1822, is indicative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> man:<br />

TO THE PUBLIC<br />

"Having observed from <strong>the</strong> random and indefinite applications<br />

that have frequently been made to me for pr<strong>of</strong>essional aid and counsel<br />

that very common and mistaken opinions prevail in regard to<br />

what I deem <strong>the</strong> essential qualities <strong>of</strong> a retainer: and having sometimes<br />

found myself in a disagreeable dilemma arising from <strong>the</strong> misconstruction<br />

among suitors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir commonplace conversations which result from<br />

such uinvarranted applications equivocal in <strong>the</strong>mselves and unseasoned<br />

by <strong>the</strong> virtues <strong>of</strong> a 'quid pro quo' I deem it my duty in order as far as<br />

possible to prevent future misunderstandings in similar cases publicly to<br />

repeat what I have ever uniformly declared in private that I will pay no<br />

attention to <strong>the</strong> body <strong>of</strong> such pretended retainers without <strong>the</strong> soul—to<br />

<strong>the</strong> shadoAv without <strong>the</strong> substance: and that I will never consider myself<br />

bound to render my pr<strong>of</strong>essional services in any case (except when <strong>the</strong>y<br />

may be dictated by charity or friendship) without being first specially<br />

and effectively engaged—specially by a written retainer signed by a client<br />

and effectively by salving that retainer with * * * * * * CASH<br />

or its equivalent.<br />

"ELEUTHEROS COOKE<br />

"Attorney and Counsellor at Law<br />

"and Solicitor in Chancery"<br />

It would not have been a half bad notion if his successors at <strong>the</strong> bar<br />

had adhered to <strong>the</strong> same rule.<br />

The second laAvyer AVIIO came to Sandusky was Frank D. Parish, AVIIO<br />

came to Sandusky in May, 1822, which Avas his place <strong>of</strong> residence for<br />

more than half a century. He died in April, 1886, at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> nearly<br />

ninety years, in Oberlin, Avhere he lived at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> his death. When<br />

he first came to Sandusky his <strong>of</strong>fice was in <strong>the</strong> Portland Hotel for nearly<br />

seven years. He had no library except <strong>the</strong> statutes, and had as competitors<br />

Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke and Ebenezer Lane, later judge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Supreme<br />

Court.<br />

Francis Drake Parish Avas born in Naples, <strong>the</strong>n Middletown, NeAV<br />

York, December <strong>20</strong>, 1796. He Avas <strong>the</strong> second son <strong>of</strong> Elisha and Lois<br />

Wilder Parish. During his early infancy his parents removed to a neAV<br />

farm in <strong>the</strong> central part <strong>of</strong> South Bristol, <strong>the</strong> town next north <strong>of</strong> Naples,<br />

in <strong>the</strong> same county. Upon this farm he greAV to manhood, assisting in<br />

its improvement and cultivation.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 18<strong>20</strong> he emigrated to Columbus, Ohio, and entered<br />

<strong>the</strong> laAV <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> a near relative, in Avhich he read la.AV for two years. In<br />

May, 1822, he Avas admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar, and in <strong>the</strong> same month he settled<br />

and opened a law <strong>of</strong>fice in Sandusky, <strong>the</strong>n in Huron, but noAV in Erie<br />

County. Sandusky was his place <strong>of</strong> residence for more than hal p a century,<br />

during <strong>the</strong> greater portion <strong>of</strong> Avhich time he Avas engaged in <strong>the</strong><br />

practice <strong>of</strong> his pr<strong>of</strong>ession. In 1852 he retired from practice on account

428 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>of</strong> a groAving disease <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> throat, though it did not prove to be as<br />

serious as Avas at first apprehended. After that date he passed most <strong>of</strong><br />

his time upon a farm near <strong>the</strong> city and upon which he resided from<br />

1866 to 1875. In <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> that year, having rented his farm, he removed<br />

to Oberlin, Lorain County, Ohio. Though <strong>the</strong> throat complaint was not<br />

entirely healed, it Avas greatly relieved and benefited by his exercise in <strong>the</strong><br />

open air, and doubtless he prolonged his life for many years by leaving<br />

<strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>ession and by his outdoor exercise.<br />

Mr. Parish Avas <strong>the</strong> leader and pioneer in <strong>the</strong> first temperance movement<br />

in Sandusky, Avhere temperance societies and prohibition laAvs have<br />

never been popular, OAving to <strong>the</strong> fact that a large proportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population<br />

are or have been directly interested in catering to <strong>the</strong> liquor<br />

trade. The first temperance meeting Avas held on <strong>the</strong> evening <strong>of</strong> January<br />

1, 1831. A constitution and pledge <strong>of</strong> abstinence from ardent spirits<br />

AA'ere adopted and signed by Isaac Darling, Rev. William Runnells,<br />

Samuel Pennewell, R. J. Jennings, John Beatty, Isaac Booram, Moors<br />

FarAA'ell, F. D. Parish, John M. Sloane, John Davis and James Forinan.<br />

The <strong>of</strong>ficers elected AA'ere V. D. Parish, president; Fanvell, Sloane and<br />

Darling, vice presidents; Samuel PenneAvell, secretary. O<strong>the</strong>r names<br />

Avere soon added. O<strong>the</strong>r societies Avere aftenvard formed that excluded<br />

all liquors that produce intoxication.<br />

He early became a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> liberty party, Avhich he helped to<br />

organize in Erie County and Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three men Avho voted <strong>the</strong><br />

abolition ticket at an early election. His house Avas a depot for <strong>the</strong><br />

underground railroad Avhere <strong>the</strong> fugitive slave never looked in vain for<br />

aid. After <strong>the</strong> abolition fight AA'as ended he again turned his attention<br />

to <strong>the</strong> liquor question, and Avith <strong>the</strong> logic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> true reformer became a<br />

member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prohibition party. It is giA'en to very 1'CAV men to select<br />

<strong>the</strong> right side on great questions as AVCII as Judge Parish did. He rests<br />

from his labors and his works folloAV him.<br />

The third volume <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western LaAV Journal on page 83 reports<br />

<strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> Cohlan vs. Coblan, a divorce case filed at <strong>the</strong> April term,<br />

1845, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie Common Pleas Court, <strong>the</strong> report being made by Judge<br />

E. B. Sadler:<br />

".Messrs. Editors. I send you a report <strong>of</strong> this case, not because I<br />

suppose it will be very beneficial to <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional generally, but because<br />

I think it may amuse many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> readers <strong>of</strong> your Journal. And<br />

should <strong>the</strong>re be any anxious to make a display <strong>of</strong> rhetorical grandiloquence,<br />

<strong>the</strong> bill in this case will furnish a precedent AA'orthy <strong>of</strong> imitation;<br />

Avhile <strong>the</strong> ansAA'cr will sufficiently ridicule <strong>the</strong> folly <strong>of</strong> sacrificing sense<br />

a'nd substance to <strong>the</strong> vain desire <strong>of</strong> making a display. The parties to<br />

this case Avere among <strong>the</strong> most illiterate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Irish. The bill Avas draAvn<br />

up by a hnvyer in AATIOSC family <strong>the</strong> petitioner had been residing as a<br />

servant, and <strong>the</strong> ansAver by some Avag-incognite."<br />

The petition. "The said Ca<strong>the</strong>rine Cohlan, <strong>of</strong> said Erie County,<br />

represents unto your Honors: that about nine years ago, she Avas married<br />

to <strong>the</strong> said Thomas, in Ireland, that for about tAvo years after her<br />

said marriage, <strong>the</strong> said Thomas well behaved himself toAvard her, and

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 429<br />

in most respects discharged <strong>the</strong> various obligations devolving upon a<br />

husband, with fidelity. During said period, said Thomas conceived <strong>the</strong><br />

project <strong>of</strong> migrating to <strong>the</strong> United States <strong>of</strong> America. And by many<br />

arguments, and highly embellished pictures, draAvn by said Thomas,<br />

protraying <strong>the</strong> rich advantages, <strong>of</strong>fered in <strong>the</strong> United States, to poor<br />

people; your oratress, Avas <strong>the</strong>reby induced to leave her native land,<br />

kindred, friends, acquaintances, and all <strong>the</strong> associations <strong>of</strong> her childhood,<br />

and Avend her Avay with, said Thomas, to a land <strong>of</strong> strangers.<br />

That, soon after our arrival in this paradise <strong>of</strong> lords and ladies, silver<br />

balls and gold spoons, perpetual health and eternal youth said Thomas<br />

began to contract vicious habits; those habits became more and more<br />

permanent, until he became <strong>the</strong> loathing and <strong>of</strong>fensive drunkard. The<br />

first fruits <strong>of</strong> said change, in <strong>the</strong> life and habits <strong>of</strong> said Thomas, reaped<br />

by your oratress, Avas coldness, neglect and abuse, Avhich soon ripened<br />

into personal violence, too revolting to he mentioned. Your oratress<br />

represents that said Thomas has <strong>of</strong>ten beat and pounded her, with different<br />

kinds <strong>of</strong> Aveapons, and his fists, until she considered her life to be<br />

in danger; that said Thomas has frequently turned her out <strong>of</strong> his most<br />

inhospitable doors, and even out <strong>of</strong> her bed, in <strong>the</strong> dead and silent hours<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> night, in <strong>the</strong> cold and inclement season, when all AA'ere Avrapped<br />

in sleep and repose, saA'e <strong>the</strong> Bachanalian and Maniack! Avhen <strong>the</strong> elements<br />

<strong>of</strong> heaven Avere in motion; <strong>the</strong> rain descending in torrents, Avhen<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avinds Avere lashing <strong>the</strong> Avaves against <strong>the</strong> shore, and sending back<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir echoes, resembling <strong>the</strong> sound <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> distant tornado; and compelled<br />

her to seek a shelter, for herself and infant, Avheresoever a shelter<br />

could be found. That said Thomas mal-treatment, personal and violent<br />

abuse, and inhuman conduct tOAvard your oratress, became so frequent,<br />

constant and alarming that she considered her life in danger, and that<br />

it Avould be suicidal in her to live and cohabit any longer with said<br />

Thomas. Your oratress <strong>the</strong>refore charges upon said Thomas habitual<br />

drunkenness, a total neglect <strong>of</strong> all those social and domestic obligations<br />

which devolve upon a husband, and personal abuse to such an extent as<br />

to render both her life and limb in danger and unsafe for her longer to<br />

live bed and board with <strong>the</strong> said Thomas."<br />

Then folloAvs a prayer for divorce.<br />

AnsAver: "May it plase your Honor's Avorship! Its meself, Tommy<br />

Cohlan. (Me name is Thomas, your Honors, but I write it Tommy for<br />

shortness) that will ansAver a long tale that's tould for Katie—that's<br />

me Avife, your Honor.—by LaAvyer Stilts, because to tell <strong>the</strong> rael truth<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>the</strong>r, I have more love for Katy, nor many for <strong>the</strong> laAvyers, <strong>the</strong><br />

spelpecns!<br />

"And IIOAV to tell <strong>the</strong> thruth agin yer Honours, Ave Avas married,<br />

(that's me and Katy) by <strong>the</strong> praste in Ould Ireland, Avhich is joost <strong>the</strong><br />

best counthry in <strong>the</strong> Avorld your Honours, barrin <strong>the</strong> hnvs and <strong>the</strong> rints.<br />

And among us Ave have got three childers, <strong>the</strong> last big enough to eranch<br />

his OAvn praty, if he can get it. I forgot to tell yer Honours, that Ave<br />

coom to this counthry—that's Ameriky—Avhere laAving is as asy as<br />

lying, and <strong>the</strong>y take <strong>the</strong>ir pay in Avomen's Avork. We niver had any

430 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

throoble, at all, at all, to spake <strong>of</strong>, til Katy made a client <strong>of</strong> herself,<br />

Avhich is something I nivcr heard <strong>of</strong> in Ould Ireland;—divil a Avord or<br />

lie in that inny Avay. 0 Katy! Katy! Avasn't yer ma<strong>the</strong>r an honest<br />

Avoman, and didn't Fa<strong>the</strong>r Phalen, that's dead now, (rist his SOAAT) lay<br />

his OAVII blessed hand on yer head when you was a baby ? and HOAV yer a<br />

client, and I live to see it! Its all Lawyer Stilt's doings, yer Honours—<br />

bad luck to him.<br />

"As to <strong>the</strong> mat<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> drink, yer Honours,—I spake it in shame—<br />

may be I have sometimes taken a leetle too much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crathur; but<br />

didn't I confess for it? And didn't Katy too! Sure and Ave did yer<br />

Honours. But its not my ma<strong>the</strong>r's son, will spake even <strong>the</strong> thruth, to<br />

harm a Avoman, and she me Avife too, and childers' ma<strong>the</strong>r. But is it<br />

my fault, yer Honours, that at every strate corner in your leetle toon<br />

here, some lazy loon stands all <strong>the</strong> day long—and night too, as for that<br />

mattlier—Avith Avhisky to sell! and <strong>the</strong> Avay <strong>the</strong>m diyils (I beg yer<br />

Honours pardon for SAvearin—Avhich is a sin) will tempt a poor man<br />

that's tired, to drink, is more than ye knoAv yer Honours, or ye would<br />

make dog's mate <strong>of</strong> ivery mo<strong>the</strong>r's son <strong>of</strong> em. I'm thinking yer Honours<br />

will not be af<strong>the</strong>r knoAving all about <strong>the</strong> leetle troobles betAveen Katy<br />

and me. May be Ave've both done wrong; but is that a rason Avhy yer<br />

Honours should be bo<strong>the</strong>red Avid <strong>the</strong> leetle fault finding <strong>of</strong> tAvo silly<br />

people, done into blarny be Lawyer Stilts?<br />

"Its a cruel thing, yer Honours, whin ye are in a far-<strong>of</strong>f counthry<br />

wid a wife and childer, to have <strong>the</strong> wife enticed away from ye, joost for<br />

nothing at all, at all, and <strong>the</strong> childer left widout a mo<strong>the</strong>r, and yer<br />

hearthstone groAv could, and <strong>the</strong> grass spring up in yer door path—<br />

Why, it makes a woman <strong>of</strong> me to spake <strong>of</strong> it.<br />

"NOAV, yer Honours, plaze do not be too hard on a poor man, who<br />

has seen such troobles as ye knoAv leetle <strong>of</strong>, (and may yer Honours niver<br />

know more). Keep yer eyes on that long-tongued laAvyer, Stilts, who<br />

has had more kind Avords joost back from Katy, nor I have. Tell Katy<br />

to lave <strong>the</strong> laAvyers and come home, and <strong>the</strong> childer will Aveep for joy;<br />

and may be I can stand by and not do that same, but my name is not<br />

Tommy Cohlan if I do: I will forgit and forgive; (Katy knoAvs what I<br />

mane) if she will promise one thing—niver he a client agin. That's all<br />

yer Honours. his<br />

TOMMY X COHLAN."<br />

mark.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> last April term <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court a motion Avas made to strike <strong>the</strong><br />

papers in <strong>the</strong> case from <strong>the</strong> files for scandal and impertinence. The bill<br />

and answer Avere read amidst much merriment. The ansAA'er was stricken<br />

from <strong>the</strong> files, and <strong>the</strong> petitioner's counsel, on motion for that purpose<br />

had leave to amend <strong>the</strong> petition, and <strong>the</strong> cause Avas continued. At <strong>the</strong><br />

June term Katy, under <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> Tommy's passionate appeal, to<br />

"come home and lave <strong>the</strong> laAvyers" and to "niver be a client agin" and<br />

doubting <strong>the</strong> propriety <strong>of</strong> appealing to <strong>the</strong> secular arm or civil tribunal<br />

to dissolve her from her marriage vows, turned preacher and told her<br />

laAvyer, "Whom God hath joined toge<strong>the</strong>r, let no man put asunder."

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 431<br />

'' Ye may dismiss <strong>the</strong> soot soon as yer plaze, for I '11 have nothing to do<br />

with it.'' The petition Avas <strong>of</strong> course dismissed.<br />

Stilts is not <strong>the</strong> real name <strong>of</strong> Katy's lawyer.<br />

The fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Judge Lewis Goodwin and Homer Goodwin Avas Dr.<br />

Erastus Goodwin, whose first wife was Miss Dotia Gilbert, who was <strong>the</strong><br />

first Avoman who ever taught school in Milan ToAvnship and who met<br />

Dr. Goodwin first Avhile he Avas in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> Sandusky as a soldier<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812.<br />

The folloAving picture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last days <strong>of</strong> a prominent laAA'yer is taken<br />

from <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> October 25, 1879:<br />

"The 'Root property,' <strong>the</strong> last remnant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> estate <strong>of</strong> Joseph M.<br />

Root is to be sold at auction November 12th. It is a large three story<br />

building built <strong>of</strong> stone at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Hancock and Adams Street close<br />

by East Washington Park. When built in 1854 it Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> finest<br />

residences in <strong>the</strong> city and is now used in 1915 as a Guild House by <strong>the</strong><br />

Episcopal Church. In 1854 Mr. Root Avas at <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> his political<br />

and pr<strong>of</strong>essional fame. He had been a member <strong>of</strong> Congress and had a<br />

large family <strong>of</strong> daughters and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> notable social events was <strong>the</strong><br />

party Avhen <strong>the</strong> house was opened. For his daughter Millie he had an<br />

idolatrous affection and when she died a few years later her fa<strong>the</strong>r never<br />

rallied from <strong>the</strong> blow. His wife died later and his daughters married<br />

and moved away and <strong>the</strong> closing years <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old man's life Avere spent<br />

alone ei<strong>the</strong>r in his great house or in cheap boarding houses. Many a<br />

time has <strong>the</strong> writer known him after <strong>the</strong> shadows <strong>of</strong> imbecility began<br />

to steal over his brain, to sit for hours in a chair placed on <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

his house, Avarming himself in <strong>the</strong> sunshine and looking vacantly over<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avaters <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Bay. Finally he rented it for a boarding house<br />

and <strong>the</strong> writer met him as he was coming out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gate doAvn town.<br />

Why it was we never knew but Ave were one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> few acquaintances<br />

he never snubbed. This morning he carried a small basket on his arm<br />

and as we approached he mournfully said 'Well I am leaving <strong>the</strong> old<br />

home not to go back any more. I have rented it to Charley Botsford<br />

for a boarding house and he is going to move in today.'<br />

'' ' But surely Mr. Root you have reserved a room for yourself. You<br />

are too old to turn yourself out <strong>of</strong> house and home.' 'No,' he said,<br />

'Charley Avants all <strong>the</strong> room for boarders and I will sleep in my <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

and live on crackers and herring among <strong>the</strong> groceries.' As his imbecility<br />

became Avorse it assumed a form <strong>of</strong> cynicism and obstinacy Avhich<br />

repelled <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>fered care and kindness <strong>of</strong> his relatives and friends.<br />

The last time Ave saAv him Avas perhaps a year before his death, when he<br />

came into <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> a hotel with a small pail <strong>of</strong> Avater from a Avell<br />

that had taken his fancy and asking those present to drink and attest<br />

<strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avater. Later he passed yet more rapidly into <strong>the</strong> later<br />

stages <strong>of</strong> imbecility and second childhood and in <strong>the</strong> spring he died.<br />

He never had a son so that Avith his death <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Joseph Root will<br />

pass from <strong>the</strong> minds <strong>of</strong> men. But in <strong>the</strong> memories <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> older men, in<br />

<strong>the</strong> records <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courts, in <strong>the</strong> early history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> anti-slavery struggle,

432 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

and to some extent in later political history his name will not be forgotten."<br />

In <strong>the</strong> past tAventy years Erie County has had no more conspicuous<br />

figure in democratic politics than George C. Beis. For <strong>the</strong> past seven<br />

years he has been <strong>the</strong> acknoAvledged leader <strong>of</strong> his party in this county<br />

and has been sustained in his position by frequent test votes Avithin <strong>the</strong><br />

party. Both as a laAvyer and as a political leader Judge Beis is recognized<br />

as a hard fighter, but his most virulent opponents have been forced<br />

to admit that he is a fair one. His greatest pride is in his unsAverving<br />

democracy.<br />

Soon after coming to Toledo in 1883, Judge Beis Avas elected city<br />

solicitor tAvo terms and later served one term <strong>of</strong> three years as probate<br />

judge <strong>of</strong> Erie County. With <strong>the</strong>se exceptions he has held no public<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice. He AA'as a candidate for presidential elector in 1888 and in 1910<br />

consented to <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> his name as a candidate for lieutenant governor.<br />

He declined <strong>the</strong> nomination for this <strong>of</strong>fice in 1912 Avhen it AA'as practically<br />

tendered him and he also declined a seat on <strong>the</strong> Common Pleas<br />

bench <strong>of</strong>fered him by Governor Harmon Avhen Judge Charles S. Reed.<br />

resigned, about a year ago. He Avas chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> County Central<br />

Committee in 1888 and was again elected in 1905 and has held his party<br />

position ever since. He has also, during <strong>the</strong> latter period, served as<br />

chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> County Executive Committee.<br />

Judge Beis Avas born at Waterville, Lucas County, September 12,<br />

1861, and received his early education in <strong>the</strong> schools <strong>of</strong> that village,<br />

taking <strong>the</strong> full course. He <strong>the</strong>n read law in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Scribner, Hurd<br />

& Scribner, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> leading firm <strong>of</strong> attorneys in Toledo and finished<br />

his laAV course at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Michigan graduating in 1883. In<br />

July <strong>of</strong> that year he was admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar and came to Sandusky to<br />

practice. Judge Beis married a daughter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> late Andrew Zerbe<br />

and has three children. He has an extensive laAV practice and is admitted<br />

to all state and federal courts.<br />

Judge Beis has always been knoAvn as a good trial laAvyer and is Avell<br />

equipped in his knoAvledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> law. It is a peculiarity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bar <strong>of</strong> <<br />

Erie County that its laAvyers who are oldest in practice are not <strong>the</strong><br />

oldest in point <strong>of</strong> years. Judge Beis at fifty-three years <strong>of</strong> age is <strong>the</strong><br />

third oldest laAvyer in active practice at <strong>the</strong> bar, while still in <strong>the</strong> prime<br />

<strong>of</strong> life looking fonvard to many years <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional usefulness. While<br />

he has been an active politician he has Avon a great deal <strong>of</strong> his pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

reputation on <strong>the</strong> merits, and is entitled to <strong>the</strong> success he has<br />

attained.<br />

Charles II. Cramer is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oldest attorneys <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie County<br />

bar. He AA'as born in Seneca County, Ohio, and obtained his early education<br />

at White Hall in that county. He attended college one year at<br />

Tiffin. He Avas admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar at Mansfield, Ohio, but in 1881 began<br />

<strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> hnv at Sandusky. He has neA'er been a member <strong>of</strong> any<br />

laAV firm and has avoided trial Avork. He is <strong>of</strong> a quiet and studious disposition<br />

and naturally <strong>of</strong> a judicial turn <strong>of</strong> mind. The holding <strong>of</strong> such<br />

an <strong>of</strong>fice as Probate judge Avould give him great enjoyment and be one

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 433<br />

for which he is peculiarly fitted. He is known as a well-read lawyer<br />

and safe adviser.<br />

Claude B. DeWitt is an Erie County product who has passed his life<br />

in this county. He has served several years as referee in bankruptcy<br />

with success and <strong>the</strong> approval <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local bar until <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> this<br />

court's business to <strong>the</strong> referee in charge at Toledo. He has received<br />

credit from <strong>the</strong> attorneys <strong>of</strong> Erie County for his careful decisions and<br />

his creditable record. He is <strong>the</strong> senior member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> DeWitt<br />

& Savord.<br />

George F. Eshenroeder is a native <strong>of</strong> Erie County, having been<br />

born near Kimball, Oxford ToAvnship. He attended <strong>the</strong> township schools<br />

and afterwards took a course at <strong>the</strong> Milan Normal School, in its day one<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best educational institutions in this section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state. He<br />

studied laAV for a time Avith W. W. BoAven at Sandusky and <strong>the</strong>n took<br />

<strong>the</strong> advanced laAV course at Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio University at Ada. He was<br />

admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar in 1893 and established himself in practice at Milan.<br />

He built up an excellent practice and for many years was <strong>the</strong> only<br />

attorney in that historic village. Five years ago Mr. Eshenroeder<br />

opened an <strong>of</strong>fice in Sandusky and recently took up his residence in Sandusky.<br />

In 1912 he was a candidate for election to <strong>the</strong> Probate judgeship,<br />

but Avas defeated. His acquaintance in Milan and its vicinity has<br />

aided him in establishing himself at Sandusky, Avhere he is located on<br />

Market Street.<br />

Probably no man in Sandusky knows as much about <strong>the</strong> financial<br />

standing <strong>of</strong> its citizens as Roscoe B. Fisher—and no man tells as little<br />

<strong>of</strong> Avhat be knoAvs. For many years Mr. Fisher has been <strong>the</strong> representative<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bradstreet Commercial Agency in this territory and his<br />

knoAvlcdge has been acquired in <strong>the</strong> Avay <strong>of</strong> business. Mr. Fisher devotes<br />

his entire time to commercial law and has built up an extensive practice.<br />

He also deals extensively in real estate and OAvns a farm on Avhich<br />

he spends as much time as possible. He was referee in bankruptcy for<br />

tAvo years and for a like period president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Erie County LaAV<br />

<strong>Library</strong> Association. He is attorney for <strong>the</strong> Citizens Bank & Trust<br />

Company and for a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> large industrial corporations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

city.<br />

Mr. Fisher Avas born February 2, 1862, at Oxford, Ohio, and came<br />

to Erie County Avhen a child. He attended <strong>the</strong> North Monroeville<br />

schools and Oberlin College for three years. Then he Avent to Hillsdale,<br />

Michigan, College, Avhere he graduated in 1887. He read law Avith Judge<br />

Wickham <strong>of</strong> NorAvalk and with Phinney & Curran <strong>of</strong> Sandusky and<br />

graduated from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong> LaAV School in 1890. He was admitted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> bar in June <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter year and came to Sandusky to practice.<br />

He at once limited his practice to commercial law and soon AA'as retained<br />

by a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leading mercantile and manufacturing concerns <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> city. He Avas secretary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> White Line Street Raihvay Company<br />

until its lines Avere taken over by <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore Electric Company<br />

Avhich now operates <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

Mr. Fisher is a republican but has not taken an active part in politics<br />

A'ol. I—28

434 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

during <strong>the</strong> past fcnv years. He Avas a candidate for delegate to <strong>the</strong> constitutional<br />

convention and Avas defeated by a very narroAV margin. He<br />

is a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Masonic bodies and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Maccabees.<br />

Mr. Fisher has ahvays been a strong friend and a fairly good enemy<br />

Avithout being malicious. The property he OAVIIS has been accumulated<br />

by his OAVII efforts as <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> his industry, joined to a commercial<br />

instinct probably stronger in his ease than in any o<strong>the</strong>r laAvyer at <strong>the</strong><br />

bar.<br />

Wm. L. Fiesinger came to this county from Huron County about.<br />

ten years ago and has served tAvo terms as city solicitor, and while an<br />

ardent democrat has succeeded in achieving considerable pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

success. He has a pleasant personality and his pr<strong>of</strong>essional standing is<br />

unquestioned among his brethren at <strong>the</strong> bar.<br />

James Flynn, Jr., is an Erie County boy, recently come to <strong>the</strong> bar<br />

and seemingly Avell grounded in <strong>the</strong> principles <strong>of</strong> his pr<strong>of</strong>ession. He<br />

has recently been elected prosecuting attorney, which gives him an opportunity<br />

to SIIOAV his talents which his friends believe he will improve.<br />

Thos. B. Iloxsey Avas originally a resident <strong>of</strong> WilliamstoAvn, Massachusetts,<br />

and partially completed <strong>the</strong> course at Williams College in <strong>the</strong><br />

class <strong>of</strong> 1870, being compelled to leave college on account <strong>of</strong> ill health.<br />

He has been a resident <strong>of</strong> Sandusky for about tAventy years and Avas<br />

connected originally with <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Mackey, Mackey & Iloxsey, <strong>of</strong><br />

Avhich firm he is <strong>the</strong> sole remaining member. Naturally <strong>of</strong> a studious<br />

disposition, he has been averse to <strong>the</strong> active trial Avork <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court room<br />

AA'hich has handicapped him considerably in a city <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> Sandusky.<br />

NotAvithstanding this fact he has maintained a good standing among his<br />

brethren at <strong>the</strong> bar.<br />

Mr. Henry Hart has been engaged in <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> laAV in Sandusky<br />

for <strong>the</strong> past nineteen years and has taken a prominent part in<br />

<strong>the</strong> affairs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city and <strong>of</strong> his political party during all <strong>of</strong> that time.<br />

For six years he served as solicitor for <strong>the</strong> city.<br />

It Avas during Mr. Hart's term <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice that investigations Avere<br />

made Avhich revealed several defalcations on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficials. He<br />

took a leading part in uncovering <strong>the</strong>se irregularities and Avas instrumental<br />

in bringing <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fenders to justice.<br />

Recognizing <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> his services to <strong>the</strong> public, <strong>the</strong> democrats <strong>of</strong><br />

Erie County nominated Mr. Hart for prosecuting attorney in 1900 and<br />

<strong>the</strong> confidence <strong>the</strong> people had in him Avas evidenced by <strong>the</strong> fact that he<br />

Avas defeated by only sixty-nine votes, Avhile <strong>the</strong> republican county ticket,<br />

aside from this <strong>of</strong>fice, Avas elected by majorities running up into <strong>the</strong><br />

hundreds.<br />

On finishing his third term as solicitor, Mr. Hart engaged again in<br />

<strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> huv and later served three terms as prosecuting attorney<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie County. He is noAV engaged in <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> huv in an <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

next to <strong>the</strong> Third National Exchange Bank. He is an instance <strong>of</strong> Avhat<br />

may be accomplished by a country boy developing an ambition for an<br />

education with a determination to carry out that ambition.<br />

Mr. Hart Avas born in Huron ToAvnship, Erie County, December 1,

'&!U.-,:~..-.<br />

,«'».» inn<br />

0»t>

436 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

1868, and received his early education in <strong>the</strong> public schools <strong>of</strong> Milan.<br />

After graduation <strong>the</strong>re he attended Northwestern University at Ada,<br />

Ohio, from 1888 to 1893. He was admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar in 1893 and at<br />

once began <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> his pr<strong>of</strong>ession in Sandusky.<br />

John F. Hertlcin is a representative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> solid German element<br />

<strong>of</strong> Erie County, Avhere he was born. For many years he taught school<br />

and fitted himself for his pr<strong>of</strong>ession in <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> King & Ramsey.<br />

His service as clerk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courts made him more familiar with <strong>the</strong><br />

records than any o<strong>the</strong>r laAvyer at <strong>the</strong> bar, and by his industry and ability<br />

he commands a clientage creditable to any lawyer in a small city.<br />

Malcolm Kelly is <strong>the</strong> oldest lawyer <strong>of</strong> our har in point <strong>of</strong> years. He<br />

practiced at Port Cljnton hefore serving a term as common pleas judge,<br />

after which he removed to Sandusky. There is probably no lawyer in<br />

Sandusky Avho knows more about <strong>the</strong> Ohio Reports than Judge Kelly.<br />

His opinion on technical questions <strong>of</strong> laAV is <strong>the</strong>refore valuable.<br />

Judge Edmund B. King, senior member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> law firm <strong>of</strong> King &<br />

Ramsey, is recognized as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leading attorneys not only <strong>of</strong> Sandusky<br />

but <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Ohio. Judge King has been in active practice<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> laAV in Sandusky since 1875, except for a feAV years Avhen he served<br />

Avith distinction as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three judges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court in this<br />

circuit, and for a very short period when he lived in Portland, Oregon.<br />

During his career he has been a most active worker for <strong>the</strong> success and<br />

Avelfare <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> republican party, and to this day has not sAverved in his<br />

loyalty to that political association. He has for many years been an<br />

intimate friend <strong>of</strong> former Senator Joseph B. Foraker, and was ahvays<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> senator's most trusted advisers when <strong>the</strong> latter was in political<br />

life.<br />

Judge King Avas born at Medina, Ohio, July 4, 1850, and spent most<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first tAventy years <strong>of</strong> his life on a farm, attending school in winter<br />

until he Avas eighteen, and aftenvards for five years teaching in country<br />

schools. He attended Oberlin Academy for about tAvo years and BaldAvin<br />

College for ano<strong>the</strong>r two years. He studied LIAV in an <strong>of</strong>fice and was admitted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> bar in August, 1873. He began practice at once in his<br />

home county and Avas elected prosecuting attorney in 1874, serving tAvo<br />

years. In 1875 he moved to Sandusky and has lived here practically all<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time since.<br />

Judge King AA'as a presidential elector in 1888 and Avas elected to <strong>the</strong><br />

circuit bench in 1894, resigning in 1899 to resume <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> his<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>ession. Tn 1911 he Avas elected a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fourth constitutional<br />

convention, in Avhose deliberations he took a leading part. Judge King<br />

is a member <strong>of</strong> all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Masonic bodies and has been accorded <strong>the</strong> thirtythird<br />

degree. He- has been a leader among Ohio Masons for a great<br />

many years.<br />

Judge King possesses an unerring instinct for <strong>the</strong> salient point <strong>of</strong> a<br />

case, and a poAver <strong>of</strong> clear and concise statement seldom equalled. He<br />

has done considerable reading and spent a great deal <strong>of</strong> his leisure Avith<br />

books. If his lot in life had been cast in a different community he Avould

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 437<br />

very probably have attained much higher political and pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

honors than his career in Erie County has afforded.<br />

Earl C. Krueger is a young lawyer born in Berli% Township, who<br />

has recently entered <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> George C. Steineman. His friends in<br />

<strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county speak Avell <strong>of</strong> him, and he has already Avon his<br />

first common pleas case.<br />

John F. McCrystal Avas born June 22, 1863, at Kelley's Island.<br />

His parents moved to Sandusky in" 1864, and his education Avas received<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Catholic schools <strong>of</strong> Sandusky. He Avas appointed deputy clerk<br />

<strong>of</strong> courts, and while holding that <strong>of</strong>fice began <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> law in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Arthur Phinney, and Avas admitted June 18, 1889. He has not<br />

been an <strong>of</strong>fice holder, except that he served tAvo terms as city solicitor<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky. While an ardent Catholic, he is liberal in his respect for<br />

<strong>the</strong> opinions <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs. He has devoted most <strong>of</strong> his energies to personal<br />

injury suits, in which he has been successful. He has ahvays been a<br />

hard tighter for his clients and has a high standing at <strong>the</strong> bar.<br />

Claude J. Minor is a young laAvyer Avho has recently been admitted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> bar and has already won his first case in <strong>the</strong> common pleas and<br />

court <strong>of</strong> appeals, .for Avhich he deserves considerable credit. He has<br />

not furnished <strong>the</strong> author with any biographical facts, which AA'ill account<br />

for <strong>the</strong> meagerness <strong>of</strong> this sketch.<br />

The following sketch Avas Avritten by Hon. Curtis T. Johnson, <strong>of</strong><br />

Tolei'.o: Mr. HeAvson L. Peeke, <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, presents one <strong>of</strong> Erie<br />

County's most intellectual, rugged and forceful citizens. His fa<strong>the</strong>r<br />

came from Dutch colonial stock in NeAV York State, and his mo<strong>the</strong>r from<br />

Hie A\ ell-known family <strong>of</strong> Benedicts, from Avhich have sprung generations<br />

<strong>of</strong> men eminent in that state. Mr. Peeke has for years been a leader at<br />

<strong>the</strong> bar, noted as Avell for Avide and accomplished scholarship as for<br />

resourcefulness and success in <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> his pr<strong>of</strong>ession, being ever<br />

ready to reinforce and enliven his discussion by quotation and incident,<br />

ahvays at command in inexhaustible variety.<br />

Mr. Peeke Avas born April <strong>20</strong>, 1861, at South Bend, Indiana. He<br />

graduated from a high school in Chicago in 1878, and received his<br />

degree at graduation from Williams College in 1882. Some traditions<br />

which still linger in that institution <strong>of</strong> learning tend to <strong>the</strong> belief that<br />

his career at alma mater AA'as not altoge<strong>the</strong>r devoid <strong>of</strong> lively incidents<br />

not laid doAvn in <strong>the</strong> curriculum. After leaving college he Avas admitted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> bar in South Dakota in 1883, but soon moved to Ohio, Avhere in<br />

1885 he Avas admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar <strong>of</strong> that state. From that time he has<br />

lived in Sandusky and has become a familiar figure in <strong>the</strong> state and<br />

federal courts.<br />

In politics for more than a generation Mr. Peeke has been a prohibitionist.<br />

In 1891 and 1914 he was a candidate for <strong>the</strong> Supreme Bench<br />

<strong>of</strong> Ohio. In 1902 he ran on <strong>the</strong> prohibition ticket for Congress. He is<br />

a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state and national committees <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prohibition party^<br />

being noAV chairman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state executive committee. hi^wrtflTc and<br />

private life for <strong>the</strong> entire time <strong>of</strong> his residence in OJiioJhe^as aggressively<br />

and consistently advocated <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong> prohibition. He took this posi-

438 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

tion Avhen <strong>the</strong> public shoAved far less sympathy with restrictive legislation<br />

than at <strong>the</strong> present time, and his opponents recognize HOAV <strong>the</strong> sincerity<br />

and earnestness <strong>of</strong> his opinions.<br />

Mr. Peeke lives at home, a bachelor, but in <strong>the</strong> midst <strong>of</strong> his books<br />

from his OAVH Avell-stocked library he is ever ready to receive his friends,<br />

and in his spacious house he maintains an atmosphere <strong>of</strong> independent<br />

thought and action, toge<strong>the</strong>r with cordial hospitality, which accords with<br />

<strong>the</strong> fine traditions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American laAvyer.<br />

Joseph Gilpin Pyle, born March 4, 1890, in St. Paul, Minnesota.<br />

Educated, 1901 to 1907, Charlotte Hall Military Academy, St. Mary's<br />

County, Maryland; February, 1908, to June, 1912, Washington and Lee<br />

University, Lexington, Virginia. Graduated: Academic, Avith Bachelor<br />

<strong>of</strong> Arts degree, June, 1910; laAV, with Bachelor <strong>of</strong> LaAvs degree, June,<br />

1912. Admitted to <strong>the</strong> Virginia bar in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1912. Entered <strong>of</strong>fices<br />

<strong>of</strong> King & Ramsey, September, 1913, and admitted to <strong>the</strong> Ohio bar, December,<br />

1914.<br />

Probably no resident <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Village <strong>of</strong> Huron has done more to develop<br />

<strong>the</strong> resources <strong>of</strong> that thriving community than Christian M. Ray. Born<br />

in <strong>the</strong> township in Avhich <strong>the</strong> village is located, Mr. Ray decided early in<br />

life to reject <strong>the</strong> opportunities <strong>of</strong>fered in o<strong>the</strong>r locations and stick to <strong>the</strong><br />

old home. He became a resident <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village as soon as he Avas admitted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> bar, and has for a good many years enjoyed <strong>the</strong> distinction <strong>of</strong> being<br />

<strong>the</strong> only lawyer in <strong>the</strong> village. In addition to taking care <strong>of</strong> his practice<br />

he has Avorked unceasingly for <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fine natural harbor<br />

which <strong>the</strong> Huron River affords and to attract capital to <strong>the</strong> community.<br />

His initial efforts have borne fruit in <strong>the</strong> splendid docks built by <strong>the</strong><br />

Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad some years ago, over which pass tonnages<br />

<strong>of</strong> ore and coal running into <strong>the</strong> millions every year.<br />

Mr. Ray is <strong>the</strong> best type <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> self-made man—that is, he is also well<br />

made. He attended school as a boy and devoted several Avinters to study<br />

at <strong>the</strong> Milan Seminary, <strong>the</strong>n one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best small colleges in <strong>the</strong> state.<br />

This Avas folloAA'ed by a course at Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio College at Ada and admission<br />

to <strong>the</strong> bar. For five years he was tovvnship assessor. Aftenvards<br />

he served several terms as mayor <strong>of</strong> Huron Village. In 1903 he served<br />

as representative <strong>of</strong> Erie County in <strong>the</strong> General Assembly. Since <strong>the</strong>n<br />

Mr. Ray has continued <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> hnv in Huron. He built <strong>the</strong> first<br />

telephone exchange in Huron and is still <strong>the</strong> chief stockholder and<br />

manager.<br />

Mr. Ray Avas married, September 23, 1896, to Miss Lutie J. Squier.<br />

daughter <strong>of</strong> John F. Squier, who at one time Avas a vessel builder <strong>of</strong> note<br />

in <strong>the</strong> lake region and who built <strong>the</strong> first four-masted schooner that ever<br />

plied <strong>the</strong> inland seas. He is a life-long republican and has ahvays been<br />

active in <strong>the</strong> councils <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> party, though he has seldom asked any honors<br />

at its hands.<br />

Mr. Ray. has ahvays OAvned himself and been more independent in<br />

politics than <strong>the</strong> average politician. He has advocated <strong>the</strong> dry side<br />

recently and has made speeches on that side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> question. He has

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 439<br />

been highly esteemed by <strong>the</strong> citizens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village in which he has spent<br />

his life, and deserves credit for <strong>the</strong> record he has made.<br />

John Ray is ano<strong>the</strong>r successful laAvyer who has been produced by<br />

Erie County. He has never held <strong>of</strong>fice except to serve tAA'o terms as<br />

prosecuting attorney, in Avhich he made a more than ordinary good<br />

record. His personal honesty has been unquestioned, as Avell as his zeal<br />

anil pugnacity in behalf <strong>of</strong> his clients.<br />

No young man coming to Sandusky to engage in a business or pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

career has met Avith more pronounced success than Russell K.<br />

Ramsey, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> King & Ramsey. Mr. Ramsey came to Sandusky<br />

in July, 1900, very soon after being admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar, and in a very<br />

short time took a leading place among <strong>the</strong> laAvyers <strong>of</strong> Erie County. The<br />

firm <strong>of</strong> Avhich he is a member has an extensive practice in commercial<br />

and corporation laAV. While never a candidate for <strong>of</strong>fice, Mr. Ramsey<br />

has ahvays la ken an active interest in politics and has been a consistent<br />

republican.<br />

Mr. Ramsey Avas born in Columbus, Ohio, May 27, 1878, and attended<br />

<strong>the</strong> public schools <strong>of</strong> that city. He graduated from Ohio State University<br />

in 1898, and in 1900 from <strong>the</strong> laAV school <strong>of</strong> that institution. He also<br />

studied laAV in <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Arnold & Martin, <strong>of</strong> Columbus. He entered<br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> King & Guerin upon arrival in Sandusky, and a little over a<br />

year later Avas admitted to a partnership in <strong>the</strong> firm. Upon <strong>the</strong> retirement<br />

<strong>of</strong> Mr. Guerin, <strong>the</strong> firm became King & Ramsey. He is a member<br />

<strong>of</strong> all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Masonic bodies, including <strong>the</strong> thirty-second degree, and is<br />

IIOAV junior Avarden <strong>of</strong> Erie Commandery, Knights Templar. He is also<br />

past thrice illustrious master <strong>of</strong> Sandusky Council, No. 26.<br />

When <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Business Men's Association was formed Mr.<br />

Ramsey actively aided Mr. John J. Dauch in <strong>the</strong> Avork <strong>of</strong> organization<br />

and is IIOAV a director <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> organization. He is also president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Sunyendeand Club and a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Commercial Federation.<br />

In 1901 Mr. Ramsey Avas married to Miss Florence Louise Samuel, <strong>of</strong><br />

Columbus, and one son, Russell Archibald Ramsey, has been born to <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

He has recently suffered <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> his Avife, which, toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong><br />

delicate condition <strong>of</strong> his oAvn health, has affected his pr<strong>of</strong>essional usefulness<br />

in <strong>the</strong> recent past. He now seems once more able to resume his pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

industry and to give to his clients <strong>the</strong> same careful attention<br />

that he has ahvays given to <strong>the</strong>ir interests in <strong>the</strong> past. He is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

feAV college graduates at <strong>the</strong> Erie County bar, and <strong>the</strong> culture <strong>of</strong> a college<br />

education has ornamented his pr<strong>of</strong>essional attainment.<br />

George E. Reiter has never tried to hold political <strong>of</strong>fice. For several<br />

years he was handicapped by poor health; in spite <strong>of</strong> this, his strong<br />

religious faith and industry and zeal for his clients have given him pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

success, while making him many enemies. His inability to understand<br />

IIOAV a preacher or church member can be Avilling to loaf on <strong>the</strong> job<br />

has caused him constant trouble. He has been concerned in much important<br />

litigation, representing important interests Avith great success, and

440 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

has tried harder and with better success to keep a clear conscience than<br />

any o<strong>the</strong>r lawyer at <strong>the</strong> bar.<br />

Ed II. Savord, like <strong>the</strong> senior partner <strong>of</strong> his firm, was born and<br />

brought up in Erie County. While he is still a young lavA'yer, he has<br />

thus far preserved <strong>the</strong> high ideals Avith Avhich he began his practice. He<br />

is noAV city solicitor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, Avith bright pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

prospects.<br />

Henry J. Schiller acquired his education as a laAvyer while earning<br />

his living as a street car conductor, and studying nights. Since his admission<br />

to <strong>the</strong> bar be has paid more attention to o<strong>the</strong>r matters than to<br />

his law practice, with <strong>the</strong> result that he has done little trial AA'ork. There<br />

is no reason Avhy, if he devotes his attention to <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> laAV, he<br />

should not make his mark as Avell as any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> younger members <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> bar.<br />

Henry Schoepfle Avas born <strong>of</strong> German parentage February 12, 1867,<br />

at Sandusky, Ohio. After attending <strong>the</strong> city schools one year he removed<br />

AA'ith his parents to a farm, Avhere he Avorked summers and attended<br />

school until 1886, after which time he attended <strong>the</strong> Ohio Normal University<br />

at Ada, Ohio, from 1886 until 1889, and taught school <strong>the</strong> following<br />

tAA'o years. He read lavy, with GoodAvin, Goodn-in & Hull, and<br />

<strong>the</strong>n graduated from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong> LaAV School in May, 1892. He<br />

served one term as city solicitor, and is at present associated with Henry<br />

Hart in <strong>the</strong> practice <strong>of</strong> laAV. He has had <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> a Avide acquaintance<br />

among <strong>the</strong> German element <strong>of</strong> Erie County, and has been successful<br />

in procuring a considerable amount <strong>of</strong> legal business from <strong>the</strong>m, as<br />

Avell as from o<strong>the</strong>r sources.<br />

The people <strong>of</strong> Erie County have thrice shoAvn <strong>the</strong>ir confidence in<br />

Probate Judge Thomas M. Sloane by electing him to <strong>the</strong> important <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

he now holds. For a trifle less than ten years Judge Sloane has administered<br />

his <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />

' Judge Sloane was born in Sandusky July 28, 1854, and received his<br />

earliest education in <strong>the</strong> public schools <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city. He prepared for<br />

college at Exeter Academy and afterAA'ards attended Harvard University,<br />

from which he graduated in 1877 Avith <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> A. B. He graduated<br />

from Ann Arbor LaAV School in 1880 and was admitted to <strong>the</strong><br />

Ohio bar in May <strong>of</strong> that year. lie practiced his pr<strong>of</strong>ession until 1905.<br />

when he Avas elected to <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice he now holds.<br />

During his entire pr<strong>of</strong>essional life in Sandusky, Judge Sloane has<br />

taken an interest in public affairs. He Avas especially active in any<br />

movement which had for its object <strong>the</strong> betterment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> industrial or<br />

commercial interests <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city. He served as a member and president<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city council for tAvo years and was a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> education<br />

for some time prior to his election to <strong>the</strong> bench, resigning after<br />

his election. Judge Sloane has ahA'ays been interested in religious Avork<br />

and is a leading member <strong>of</strong> Grace Episcopal Church. He is also chancellor<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Diocese <strong>of</strong> Ohio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Protestant 'Episcopal Church.<br />

A slight acquaintance with Judge Sloane discloses <strong>the</strong> marks <strong>of</strong><br />

culture due to <strong>the</strong> eastern education. His natural disposition is to care-

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 441<br />

fully investigate <strong>the</strong> questions submitted to him for decision, into which<br />

investigation he probably goes deeper and more thoroughly than is necessary<br />

in most cases. In at least one <strong>of</strong> his decisions, which has been published,<br />

he established a guide for <strong>the</strong> probate judges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state, which<br />

should stand as a monument long after he has ceased to hold <strong>of</strong>fice and<br />

has passed from earth'.<br />

Wendell Burnett Starbird Avas born at Ithaca, NeAV York, June 11,<br />

1857. He came to Ohio in 1862 Avith his parents, who settled on a farm<br />

in Huron County, until 1866 Avhen <strong>the</strong> family removed to Milan Township<br />

and engaged in raising small fruit on a little farm about a mile<br />

east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village. As <strong>the</strong> boy greAV older he Avorked on <strong>the</strong> farm summers<br />

and went to school Avinters, including a few terms at <strong>the</strong> old Milan<br />

Normal School. In <strong>the</strong> Avinter <strong>of</strong> 1877 he began teaching school and<br />

studying huv. He Avas admitted to <strong>the</strong> bar October 2, 1882, and opened<br />

an <strong>of</strong>fice in Milan. In connection with his laAV practice, and beginning<br />

in <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> 1844, he Avas local editor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Milan Advertiser for about<br />

five years. In 1891 he removed to Sandusky and entered into partnership<br />

Avith Judge Grayson Mills, since deceased. After <strong>the</strong> dissolution<br />

<strong>of</strong> this partnership he Avas for a brief time a member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Wickham,<br />

Guerin & Starbird, and Avith that exception has practiced law alone.<br />

Mr. Starbird is a Avell-informed laAvyer and has devoted a large part <strong>of</strong><br />

his time to <strong>the</strong> defense <strong>of</strong> criminal cases.<br />

George C. Steinemann Avas born in Auglaize County, but has been a<br />

resident <strong>of</strong> Erie County for more than ten years. Originally in <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> King & Ramsey, he later formed a partnership with Roy H.<br />

Williams, <strong>the</strong> present Common Pleas judge, and a little later became city<br />

solicitor <strong>of</strong> Sandusky, which <strong>of</strong>fice he held for tAvo years Avith credit to<br />

himself. As successor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firm <strong>of</strong> Williams & Steinemann he has<br />

retained <strong>the</strong> business <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firm.<br />

EdAvard S. Stephens is ano<strong>the</strong>r Erie County boy AVIIO has attained<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>essional success by his OAVH unaided efforts. He is <strong>the</strong> product <strong>of</strong> old<br />

Scotch-Irish stock and has received from it <strong>the</strong> high ideals <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

honesty that have ahvays been credited to that nationality. He made a<br />

creditable record as referee in bankruptcy <strong>of</strong> Erie County preceding<br />

Claude DeWitt; <strong>the</strong>n served tAvo terms as prosecuting attorney also with<br />

credit. He has never allowed his notion <strong>of</strong> duty to be influenced by<br />

t political pull <strong>of</strong> any kind.<br />

H. R. Williams has practiced law in Vermillion for about twenty<br />

years. During that time he has served several terms as mayor <strong>of</strong> that<br />

thriving little village. He has brought up and educated a family on<br />

his pr<strong>of</strong>essional earnings, Avhich is a financial feat hard to perform in<br />

A small tovA-n, and strong pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> confidence that <strong>the</strong> community<br />

has in him.<br />

Roy H. Williams, <strong>the</strong> present Common Pleas judge, is still a young<br />

man AVIIO Avas born at Milan and received a part <strong>of</strong> his education at that<br />

place and later received his legal education at Ann Arbor. While <strong>the</strong><br />

author has no desire to take back one single word <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> position taken<br />

by him in <strong>the</strong> campaign which resulted in Mr. Williams' election, he

442 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

considers it fair to say that <strong>the</strong> popular election <strong>of</strong> judges AA-ould have<br />

more to defend it if <strong>the</strong> judges had done as Avell as Judge Williams has<br />

done since his election to <strong>the</strong> bench. He is possessed <strong>of</strong> a high sense <strong>of</strong><br />

honor and has SIIOAVII a desire to dispose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> business <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court<br />

Avith some degree <strong>of</strong> promptness Avhich is a neAV sensation to <strong>the</strong> laAvyers<br />

<strong>of</strong> this bar. He has SIIOAVII courtesy and consideration to clients and<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir attorneys and <strong>the</strong>re is no reason IIOAV apparent why his career as<br />

judge should not he equally as high as that <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> judges who<br />

haA'e sat on <strong>the</strong> bench during <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> author in Ihis county.<br />

No Sanduskian is more widely knoAyn <strong>the</strong> stale over than lion.<br />

Cyrus B. Winters, since 1906 Erie County's representative in <strong>the</strong> LoAver<br />

House <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> General Assembly <strong>of</strong> Ohio. Judge Winters has been a<br />

member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ohio bar for thirty-three years and has lived and practiced<br />

in Erie County for thirty-one years. He was educated in <strong>the</strong><br />

common schools and at <strong>the</strong> normal school at Milan, where he studied<br />

under Pr<strong>of</strong>. Samuel F. NeAvman.<br />

Representative Winters was first nominated for this <strong>of</strong>fice as a democrat<br />

in 1905. During his second term he Avas <strong>the</strong> democratic floor leader<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> House and distinguished himself by supporting all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> progressive<br />

measures proposed, maiiy <strong>of</strong> Avhich Avere enacted into huvs. For this<br />

attitude on labor measures he received <strong>the</strong> voluntary endorsement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Ohio Federation <strong>of</strong> Labor and <strong>the</strong> Bro<strong>the</strong>rhood <strong>of</strong> Locomotive Engineers.<br />

TAVO years ago Representative Winters Avas again nominated and<br />

elected representative. He became <strong>the</strong> author <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> public utilities bill<br />

Avhich passed. Under this measure all public utilities are regulated and<br />

controlled by a state commission. Representative Winters is <strong>the</strong> author<br />

<strong>of</strong> many o<strong>the</strong>r measures Avhich have since been enacted into laAvs.<br />

On his arrival in Erie County Mr. Winters AA'as almost immediately<br />

elected prosecuting attorney and served tAvo terms. He later served<br />

<strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Sandusky to <strong>the</strong>ir satisfaction as justice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peace. He<br />

has never received <strong>the</strong> popular credit for legal ability to Avhich he isentitled.<br />

In this respect his turning aside from laAV into politics has<br />

undoubtedly injured him. He is still young and if he deA'otes his attention<br />

to his pr<strong>of</strong>ession may repair <strong>the</strong> injuries to liis practice due to his<br />

absence from <strong>the</strong> county while in <strong>the</strong> Legislature for four terms.

GOSSIP<br />

CHAPTER XXXVI<br />

The earliest mention <strong>of</strong> Sandusky is in <strong>the</strong> autobiography <strong>of</strong> Rev.<br />

Jacob Young, an early Methodist preacher, AVIIO tells <strong>of</strong> paying a man<br />

$96 in 18<strong>20</strong> to carry > twenty barrels <strong>of</strong> flour from Zanesville to Sandusky.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> August 21, 1833, advertises <strong>the</strong> Sandusky Jockey<br />

Club races on <strong>the</strong> 25th, 26th, 27th and 28th <strong>of</strong> September on <strong>the</strong> old<br />

rave track Avhich Avas located south <strong>of</strong> Jefferson Street. The next year<br />

<strong>the</strong> races Avere held on October <strong>20</strong>th, 21st and 22d, and <strong>the</strong> committee<br />

advertised that <strong>the</strong> charge for roulette Avheels Avill be $10 and for SAveat<br />

cloths $5, Avhich is some evidence that <strong>the</strong>y began to skin <strong>the</strong> farmer at<br />

an early day.<br />

In 1832 <strong>the</strong> Clarion first mentions <strong>the</strong> cholera scare. On July 4th<br />

<strong>of</strong> that year <strong>the</strong> lot sale in Sandusky took place and was advertised by<br />

Zalinon Wildman; and <strong>the</strong> Clarion also advertised that no boat should<br />

land unless inspected by <strong>the</strong> board <strong>of</strong> health on account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cholera.<br />

The board <strong>of</strong> health consisted <strong>of</strong> F. D. Parish, G. Anderson, D. H.<br />

Tuttle and Moors Fanvell.<br />

The first milliners that came to Sandusky, according to <strong>the</strong> Clarion,<br />

Avere tAvo sisters, Jane Ann and Elizabeth Davis, who advertised <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

goods on June 22, 1831.<br />

In 1833 Barney Farrell had a grocery store on <strong>the</strong> West House<br />

corner.<br />

Lester Hubbard, Rollin Hubbard and E. Hubbard had a store in <strong>the</strong><br />

Hubbard Block, and Dr. Henry Converse had a store on Water Street.<br />

The only tailor shop in toAvn Avas kept by a man named JVVilliam<br />

Smith.<br />

In 1840 General Harrison, <strong>the</strong>n running for president, came to Sandusky<br />

and <strong>the</strong> ladies <strong>of</strong> Sandusky machj for him an elegant banner which<br />

is noAV on exhibition in <strong>the</strong> historical" room in <strong>the</strong> Carnegie <strong>Library</strong>. It<br />

Avas presented to him on <strong>the</strong> front stoop <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> house occupied for many<br />

years by Eugene Stroud, 412 Columbus Avenue, and old Judge E. B.<br />

Sadler made <strong>the</strong> presentation speech.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> February 22, 1845, mentions Wm. T. & A. H. West<br />

as keeping a grocery store on Water Street.<br />

On January 9, 1846, <strong>the</strong>re Avas a county election on <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong><br />

building a poorhouse. Ben Turner, B. Wood and Ezra Sprague were<br />

commissioners.<br />

The first barber shop in <strong>the</strong> city is advertised on March 10, 1846,<br />

by A. & J. AVinfield, opposite Colt's Exchange.<br />

443

444 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The first photographer to come here was on June 1, 1849, when A.<br />

L. Rockwood advertises himself as a& daguerreotyper.<br />

On April 18, 1849, Miss Humphrey advertised her millinery.<br />

On October 26, 1847, D. Campbell & Son advertised for sale black<br />

blotting sand, which Avas <strong>the</strong>n used instead <strong>of</strong> blotting paper..<br />

On January 27, 1848, <strong>the</strong> Clarion published <strong>the</strong> rates <strong>of</strong> postage,<br />

which for a letter was 5 cents for tAvo ounces for 300 miles and 10 cents<br />

for a distance over 300 miles. The post<strong>of</strong>fice Avas <strong>the</strong>n Avhere <strong>the</strong> Commercial<br />

Bank is IIOAV, in a small building, and Perry Walker Avas deputy<br />

postmaster.<br />

The Sandusky Clarion <strong>of</strong> June 6, 1849, announces that <strong>the</strong> play,<br />

"The Lady <strong>of</strong> Lyons," will be presented with Mr. Powell as Claude<br />

Melnotte* and Mrs. Powell as Pauline. In <strong>the</strong>se days <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> high cost<br />

<strong>of</strong> living it is pleasing to observe that <strong>the</strong> tickets Avere 25 cents to all<br />

parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> house.<br />

In 1850 Water Street Avas three or four feet lower than now and<br />

<strong>the</strong> boAvsprits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vessels projected nearly to <strong>the</strong> curb where <strong>the</strong> Wells<br />

F'argo Express Company IIOAV has its place <strong>of</strong> business. The streets<br />

Avere not lighted at night and Avhen anyone Avent out in <strong>the</strong> evening<br />

<strong>the</strong>y carried lanterns.<br />

In 1850 <strong>the</strong> mayor's <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> John BroAvn Avas in a frame shanty<br />

Avhere Ritters cigar store is now situated.<br />

The old square brick house which stood until about 1912 on <strong>the</strong><br />

premises at <strong>the</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> Jackson and Madison Street, where <strong>the</strong> tAvo<br />

houses now owned by W. L. Lewis are situated Avas formerly a depot<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underground railroad, and Avas occupied by a colored man named<br />

McReynolds. There Avas a book ease in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rooms that SAVung<br />

out from <strong>the</strong> Avail uncovering a door to a room Avhere he concealed runaAvay<br />

slaves.<br />

On April 27, 1850, <strong>the</strong> post<strong>of</strong>fice Avas removed to AVest's neAV store<br />

block, <strong>the</strong> south room.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> March 15, 1852, discusses <strong>the</strong> destruction by Geo.<br />

Reber at that time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Old White Store, in order to build <strong>the</strong> Rcber<br />

Block. It states that this Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first stores erected in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />

Ohio <strong>of</strong> any pretensions to respectability <strong>of</strong> size and finish and for<br />

many years it gave character and name to <strong>the</strong> place. In <strong>the</strong> good old<br />

times people spoke <strong>of</strong> going to <strong>the</strong> \vhite Store when about to visit<br />

Sandusky.<br />

The fire <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 18th <strong>of</strong> January destroyed ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ancients.<br />

The block knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Clarion Building <strong>the</strong>n destroyed Avas one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

oldest in <strong>the</strong> city, having been built in 1818, and was for many years<br />

knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Portland House, by which name it Avas kept as a hotel<br />

by Col. C. F. Drake, <strong>the</strong> popular host <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Verandah Hotel.<br />

The collection <strong>of</strong> Fred Frey, Jr., Avhich toge<strong>the</strong>r with that <strong>of</strong> his<br />

fa<strong>the</strong>r is <strong>the</strong> most .complete <strong>of</strong> antiques relating to Sandusky now knoAvn<br />

to <strong>the</strong> writer, contains a copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> annual report made to <strong>the</strong> stockholders<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River Road in October, 1847, from which it appears<br />

that <strong>the</strong> road from Sandusky to Bellefontaine Avas 134 miles long and

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 445<br />

cost $709,263.96 for construction; that <strong>the</strong> road <strong>the</strong>n operated 10 locomotives,<br />

5 passenger cars, 3 baggage cars, 145 freight cars; that it carried<br />

22,036 passengers that year without injuring a passenger, receiving for<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir transportation $338,180.58; that it carried freight amounting to<br />

$79,587.98, with a total income <strong>of</strong> $117,848.61; that part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> freight<br />

was 849,897 bushels <strong>of</strong> wheat.<br />

On November <strong>20</strong>, 1850, <strong>the</strong>re was a ball at <strong>the</strong> Townsend House<br />

attended by eighty couples and <strong>the</strong> tickets were $3.00 apiece.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> early '50s <strong>the</strong> collector <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> port skipped <strong>the</strong> town with <strong>the</strong><br />

Avife <strong>of</strong> his deputy and $30,000 which had been collected on <strong>the</strong> rails<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River Railroad. His bondsmen Avere indemnified before<br />

he skipped and he never Avas caught.<br />

On September 28, 1851, Salmon P. Chase spoke at <strong>the</strong> old courthouse<br />

for <strong>the</strong> free soil party and Avas roundly abused by <strong>the</strong> Register for doing<br />

it. On May 19, 1899, <strong>the</strong> corner stone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Odd Fellows' Temple was<br />

laid and in it Avere placed a ritual, <strong>the</strong> constitution, local papers, list <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong>ficers and members, etc.<br />

Previous to <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West House its present site was<br />

covered by a roAV <strong>of</strong> old frame shanties that were all saloons. It took<br />

fire in <strong>the</strong> cholera year <strong>of</strong> 1852, and <strong>the</strong> fire department stood by and<br />

alloAved <strong>the</strong>m to burn doAvn Avithou/making an effort to extinguish <strong>the</strong><br />

fire with <strong>the</strong> general approval <strong>of</strong> £he community.<br />

On October 18, 1852, Gen. wfnfield Scott, <strong>the</strong>n a candidate for <strong>the</strong><br />

presidency, visited Sandusky and made a speech and was Avelcomed<br />

by a large croAvd with a procession <strong>of</strong> militia, and was honored with a<br />

banquet at <strong>the</strong> Exchange Hotel. The toastmaster was Pitt Cooke, and<br />

<strong>the</strong>re Avas a large triumphal arch at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue.<br />

The Sandusky Gas Light Company Avas organized May 26, 1854.<br />

On July 8th <strong>of</strong> that year <strong>the</strong> Register mentions that <strong>the</strong> Hubbard Block<br />

Avas nearly finished, as well as <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> Gen. W. H. Mills, on<br />

Washington ROAV, which stood about half way through <strong>the</strong> block and<br />

<strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> Avhich Avere utilized in building <strong>the</strong> Mahala Block.<br />

On December 8, 1854, <strong>the</strong> present post<strong>of</strong>fice AA'as finished. It Avas<br />

built on a lot belonging to George Reber, Avho made most <strong>of</strong> his fortune<br />

out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old- suit betAveen Wildman and Mills over <strong>the</strong> town site <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky, and who also Avrote a book <strong>of</strong> an infidel nature entitled<br />

" Therapeutae," Avhich Avas an attempt to prove that St. John was never<br />

in Asia Minor Avhere <strong>the</strong> Book <strong>of</strong> Revelations Avas supposed to be written.<br />

On December 13, 1853, <strong>the</strong> Register records <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> courthouse<br />

bell Avas rung at 6 A. M., at noon, and at 9 P. M., which Avas probably<br />

<strong>the</strong> origin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "curfeAv" ordinance.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> July 25, 1853, shows <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> living Avith granulated<br />

sugar at 9i/> cents a pound and Avhiskey at 19 cents a gallon.<br />

On July 26, 1854, We<strong>the</strong>rell & Co. built four passenger cars for<br />

<strong>the</strong> old Junction road between Cleveland and Sandusky.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> January 12, 1885, contains a description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

State Fair Avhich was held at Sandusky in 1858. It was held on Hancock<br />

Street, this side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong> Conrad Spaith and <strong>the</strong> Schoepfle

446<br />

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

quarries, on <strong>the</strong> farm knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> "May Farm." W. T. West finished<br />

his hotel so as to be ready .to entertain <strong>the</strong> visitors to <strong>the</strong> fair. The<br />

State Fair did not pay.<br />

The Presbyterian Church Avas finished September 25,, 1854.<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> October 21, 1854, advertises for sale <strong>the</strong> pictures-,pf<br />

Sandusky at $6.00, Avhich Avere lithographs colored to SIIOAV <strong>the</strong> actual<br />

color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> buildings.<br />

On April 23, 1863, <strong>the</strong> Moss National Bank Avas organized.<br />

During <strong>the</strong> Avar <strong>the</strong> town clock Avas put in <strong>the</strong> toAver <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congre?<br />

•rational Church, which <strong>the</strong>n stood on <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courthouse<br />

square. It AA'as taken doAvn and removed in <strong>the</strong> '70s at <strong>the</strong> time<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present courthouse, and <strong>the</strong> Register made a great<br />

protest at that time against selling <strong>the</strong> old clock for $75.00. What<br />

AVMS finally done with <strong>the</strong> clock no one seems to knoAv at <strong>the</strong> present<br />

time.<br />

The old toAvn pump used to stand at <strong>the</strong> intersection <strong>of</strong> Market and<br />

Columbus Avenue and Avas not taken down and <strong>the</strong> well filled in until<br />

during <strong>the</strong> war. There Avas also a Avell at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue<br />

which Avas filled up about <strong>the</strong> 13th <strong>of</strong> June, 1863, according to <strong>the</strong><br />

Register.<br />

On March 16, 1864, Fred Douglass lectured at Norman Hall. He<br />

Ava.s one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most remarkable colored men <strong>of</strong> his time.<br />

On September 13, 1864, Gen. Robert Schenck lectured at Norman<br />

Hall.<br />

On October 2, 1864, Governor Brough spoke on <strong>the</strong> public square.<br />

In regard to <strong>the</strong> high cost <strong>of</strong> living <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong> June 2, 1864,<br />

says editorially <strong>the</strong> IIOAV copper cent Avas not much needed since prices<br />

advanced that <strong>the</strong>y cannot IIOAV think <strong>of</strong> anything Avhich costs less than<br />

half a dime.<br />

On,November 27, 1866, <strong>the</strong> corner stone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> high school was laid<br />

and in <strong>the</strong> corner stone Avas placed <strong>the</strong> school laAA's <strong>of</strong> that time, <strong>the</strong><br />

record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> Education, <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> teachers and pupils<br />

and copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local papers.<br />

FOITRTII OF JULY<br />

The Clarion <strong>of</strong> June 26, 1822, contains <strong>the</strong> program <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first<br />

Fourth <strong>of</strong> July celebration in Sandusky. The Declaration <strong>of</strong> Independence<br />

Avas read by Col. S. M. LockAvood and Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke Avas<br />

<strong>the</strong> orator. The committee Avas S. M. LockAvood, C. F. Drake, F. Graham,<br />

W. Anderson, W. Ilartsliorn and A. Root. -The Clarion <strong>of</strong> July,<br />

12. 1828, contains a description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> celebration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fourth <strong>of</strong><br />

July with a public dinner at <strong>the</strong> Steamboat Hotel with toasts responded<br />

to by various citizens and one by A. Root, "The proprietors <strong>of</strong> our<br />

village. May <strong>the</strong> liberal policy <strong>the</strong>y pursue conduce to <strong>the</strong> rapid groAvth<br />

<strong>of</strong> Sandusky." The Sandusky Light Guards drilled.<br />

In 1851, J. W. Taylor Avas <strong>the</strong> orator at <strong>the</strong> Fourth <strong>of</strong> July celebration.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 447<br />

In 1854, <strong>the</strong>re Avas a German celebration with Herman Ruess as <strong>the</strong><br />

orator.<br />

II()AV S.A.NOUSKIANS CELEBRATED THE Foi'KTII OP Jl'LY IN 1876<br />

There; Avas a Centennial celebration on <strong>the</strong> Fourth <strong>of</strong> July, 1876, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> folloAving Avas <strong>the</strong> program <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day:<br />

National salute at sunrise.<br />

The grand procession formed at 10 o'clock, and moved in <strong>the</strong> folloAVing<br />

order: .<br />

Detachment <strong>of</strong> police.<br />

Chief Marshal—J. E. Gregg.<br />

Aids—O. II. Roscnhaum, Charles E. Bouton, R. W. Foster, William<br />

Lisle, W. II. Harris, Mozart Gallup, Jesse; Gregg, Charles Miller, F. W.<br />

Cogswell, S. C. Wheeler, S. C. Ferris, W. II. Brinson, Charles M. Chapman,<br />

John L. Moore, John C. Zollinger, James N. Nugent, William<br />

Berrigan, A. J. Dewald. W. A. Graham, S. M. White, II. W. Converse.<br />

Color, Bearer—Patrick Hinchey.<br />

Erie Commandery Knights Templar—John R. Miner, eminent commander.<br />

President and orator <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day in carriage.<br />

FIRST DIVISION<br />

Marshal—E. M. Colver. ,<br />

Aids—Hiram DeAvey, Wm. C. Zollinger, Wm. Koch, C. P. McEnnelly,<br />

Charles Rockwell, M. W. Howard.<br />

v Sandusky Light Guard Band. '<br />

Sandusky Light Guard, Captain Dehnel.<br />

Centennial Guards, Capt. W. A. Till.<br />

Young American Continentals, Capt. Clark H. Gregg.<br />

Science Lodge, No. 50, F. & A. M.<br />

Ancient Order <strong>of</strong> Hibernians, Pres. Daniel McCarthy.<br />

Young Men's Turn Verein.<br />

Ogontz Lodge, I. 0. O. F., Fred Rentier, N. G.<br />

St. Aloysius Cadet Society.<br />

St. Peter and St. Paul's Total Abstinence Society.<br />

Young Men's Catholic Benevolent and <strong>Library</strong> Society.<br />

Guttenburg Grove Druids, No. 9, V. A. 0. D.<br />

Forward Turners.<br />

Bluccher Lodge. No. 109, D. O. II., Jacob Hoerner, 0. B.<br />

Arbeiter Association. Frank Pietschman, president.<br />

St. Joseph's Benevolent Society, John Benner, president.<br />

Sandusky Light Artillery, Lieutenant Siegling. ,,<br />

SECOND DIVISION<br />

Marshal—James Douglass.<br />

Aids—IT. II. Crane, A. IT. Pearl.<br />

Berlin Marshal Band.

448 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Delegations from Kelley's Island, Margaretta, Oxford, Groton,<br />

Perkins, Huron, Milan, Vermilion, Florence and all points outside <strong>of</strong><br />

Erie County.<br />

THIRD DIVISION<br />

Marshal—I. F. Mack.<br />

Aids—F. W. Alvord, E. W. Fitzhugh, C. M. Keyes, Jacob Rush.<br />

Great Western Band.<br />

Sandusky Fire Department.<br />

Trades and Industries.<br />

The program at <strong>the</strong> fair grounds Avas as follows:<br />

1. Music.<br />

Ye Olden Times. Grand Centennial Fantasia—Great Western<br />

Band.<br />

2. Hail Columbia—Full Chorus.<br />

3. Prayer by Rev. Mr. Stroup, chaplain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day.<br />

4. Star-Spangled Banner—Full Chorus.<br />

5. , Address <strong>of</strong> Welcome by A. II. Moss, Esq., president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day.<br />

6. America—Full Chorus.<br />

7. Reading <strong>of</strong> Declaration <strong>of</strong> Independence by F. W. Alvord, Esq.<br />

8. What Is It ?—Great Western Light Guard Band.<br />

9. Oration by Hon. Samuel F. Hunt, <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong>.<br />

10. Red, White and Blue—Full Chorus.<br />

11. Marseilles Hymn—=Full Chorus.<br />

12. Old Hundred—Full Chorus.<br />

In 1878 suit Avas begun in <strong>the</strong> English courts for Hector Jennings<br />

against <strong>the</strong> estate <strong>of</strong> Lord HoAve for $40,000,000, and <strong>the</strong> old man lived<br />

and died'in <strong>the</strong> belief that he would Avin that case, which he died Avithout<br />

achieving.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> June 23, 1879, contains a statement from F. D.<br />

Parish that Washington Street Avas never intended to ran through<br />

<strong>the</strong> square. He says that Avhen <strong>the</strong> square Avas fenced he and D. K.<br />

Campbell Avere <strong>the</strong> only residents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> square east <strong>of</strong> Columbus Avenue<br />

and he Avas asked to consent to <strong>the</strong> fencing and did not object.<br />

On July 13, 1879, occurred <strong>the</strong> heaviest tornado ever knoAvn here<br />

when <strong>the</strong> Avind reached a velocity <strong>of</strong> seventy-five miles an hour and blew<br />

for five minutes at that rate. It tore aAvay part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tool<br />

Company and 2.30 inches <strong>of</strong> rain fell in half an hour. The storm blew<br />

in <strong>the</strong> AvindoAvs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West House and damaged ceilings and carpets.<br />

It unro<strong>of</strong>ed many buildings, blew doAvn fences and gave <strong>the</strong> vessels on<br />

<strong>the</strong> bay and lake a lively shaking up.<br />

On December 3, 1866, <strong>the</strong> Post LeAvis & Radcliff Block at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong><br />

Columbus Avenue Avas finished.<br />

The first mention <strong>of</strong> baseball is in 1868, AA'hen <strong>the</strong> Bay City team beat<br />

<strong>the</strong> Milan team 39 to 5.<br />

The telephone project is first mentioned on <strong>the</strong> 28th <strong>of</strong> April, 1880,<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Register.<br />

The present jail Avas completed on August 1, 1883.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 449<br />

On December 19, 1889; natural gas was first turned on in <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong><br />

Sandusky.<br />

On December 26, 1887, <strong>the</strong> Circuit Court decided <strong>the</strong> Baptist Church<br />

ease against <strong>the</strong> city, giving <strong>the</strong> church <strong>the</strong> right to build an addition<br />

to this building, which was <strong>the</strong>n located south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Episcopal Church.<br />

On December 1, 1886, <strong>the</strong> Nes Silicon Steel Company Avas sold for<br />

scrap for $11,000. This was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> costly experiments which cost<br />

<strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> Sandusky over $<strong>20</strong>0,000. They quit doing business<br />

November 16.1882.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> May 7, 1888, gives <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> James Hollister at<br />

Buffalo. lie was a commission merchant in Sandusky in 1827 in <strong>the</strong><br />

Marsh Block, where <strong>the</strong> Wells, Fargo & Co. now have <strong>the</strong>ir express<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice.<br />

On February 3 and 4, 1883, occurred <strong>the</strong> most disastrous storm ol<br />

rain and sleet ever known up to that time. On Market Street, west <strong>of</strong><br />

Columbus Avenue, it prostrated all <strong>the</strong> telephone poles for four blocks.<br />

It swept away Abbott's bridge, near Milan, made <strong>the</strong> raihvay bridge<br />

at Huron unsafe, and caused <strong>the</strong> Sandusky River at Fremont to overflow<br />

to at least .two miles in width.<br />

The Cleveland Plain Dealer in 1915 says <strong>of</strong> Dickens* visit: "A local<br />

reader sends us this: 'I have read in "Forster's Life <strong>of</strong> Charles<br />

Dickens" this letter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great novelist: "Tuesday, April 26, 1842:<br />

We lay all Sunday night at a town (and a beautiful town,.too) called<br />

Cleveland, on Lake Erie. The people poured on board in crowds by 6<br />

on Monday morning to see me. and a party <strong>of</strong> gentlemen actually planted<br />

<strong>the</strong>mselves before our*little cabin and stared in at <strong>the</strong> doors and windows<br />

while I was washing and Kate lay in bed. I was so incensed at this<br />

and at a certain newspaper published in that town which I had accidentallv<br />

seen in Sandusky, advocating war with England to <strong>the</strong> death,<br />

saying'that Britain must be whipped again, and promising all true<br />

Americans that within <strong>the</strong> year <strong>the</strong>y should sing 'Yankee Doodle' within<br />

Hydu Park and 'Hail Columbia' in <strong>the</strong> courts <strong>of</strong> Westminster, that<br />

when <strong>the</strong> mayor came on board to present himself to me according to<br />

custom. I refused to see him and bade M. Q. tell him why and wherefore.<br />

His honor took it very coolly, and retired to <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avharf, with a<br />

bi

450 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

entirely misunderstood <strong>the</strong> inayor ! s*well. meant attentions, and Avith his<br />

inborn love <strong>of</strong> caricature exaggerated all <strong>the</strong> details <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> incident. The<br />

attention he received in <strong>the</strong> little city <strong>of</strong> 6.000 souls, a city just emerging<br />

from <strong>the</strong> wilderness, should have gratified <strong>the</strong> young author. The fact<br />

that bis fame as a Avriter—a fame largely based at that time on <strong>the</strong><br />

'PickAvick Papers'—should have penetrated to <strong>the</strong>'remote settlement on<br />

<strong>the</strong> Cuyahoga, might have been expected to gratify him. On <strong>the</strong>'contrary,<br />

he.saAV in <strong>the</strong> attentions given him—aAvkAvard, perhaps-, and yet<br />

flattering—nothing except <strong>the</strong> grotesque side.<br />

"When Dickens came back to Cleveland tAventy-five years later, <strong>the</strong><br />

little group on <strong>the</strong> steamboat dock had groAvn to an audience that overeroAvded<br />

<strong>the</strong> city's largest hall.<br />

"The neAVspapcr referred to by our correspondent Avas <strong>the</strong> Cleveland<br />

Plain Dealer, published by A. N. and J. W. (Jray, <strong>the</strong>n entering on its<br />

second year. It AVIIS a common thing at that time for Democratic editors<br />

to tAvist <strong>the</strong> British lion's tail. The Democrats charged that <strong>the</strong> Whigs<br />

Avere in full sympathy Avith <strong>the</strong> British leaders, and attacks on <strong>the</strong> allies<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Whig Avas a part'<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bitter partisan campaign. Gray excelled<br />

in satire and ana<strong>the</strong>ma and his.favorite editorial pastime AVIIS badgering<br />

<strong>the</strong> Whigs. Xo doubt <strong>the</strong> article that incensed <strong>the</strong> British author Avas<br />

designedly a piece <strong>of</strong> sublimated buncombe.<br />

"Editor Gray began his local story <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> novelist in this<br />

fashion : 'There AVIIS <strong>the</strong> Dickens <strong>of</strong> a time in IOAVII yesterday.' "<br />

On March 22, 18S0, Daniel Putnam died at Nevada. IOAVII. In July.<br />

1811, he helped build <strong>the</strong> first cabin in Sandusky.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> early '80s .lohn McSAveeney, <strong>the</strong>n a leading jury lawyer <strong>of</strong><br />

Ohio, came here 1o try three cases. The first AVIIS <strong>the</strong> malpractice case<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heirs <strong>of</strong> KdAvard Rice against Doctor Donahue for malpractice<br />

Avhich went 1o <strong>the</strong> Supreme Court on a' question <strong>of</strong> practice and AVIIS<br />

<strong>the</strong>n settled. The second AVIIS <strong>the</strong> contest over <strong>the</strong> will <strong>of</strong> Casper Dough.<br />

where J. McSAveeney obtained a verdict sustaining <strong>the</strong> will. The third<br />

case AVIIS <strong>the</strong> case in which Doctor Fan, <strong>the</strong>n living at Kelleys Island.<br />

was indicted lor rape and AVIIS defended by Mr. McSAveeney and acquitted.<br />

The Erie County Humane Society AAIIS organized in 1S82 with George<br />

Marsh as president; I. F Mack. A. K. Merrill. J. (' Mauser and .lohn<br />

C Zollinger as directors.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> presidential campaign <strong>of</strong> 1SS4 James G. Blaine visited Sandusky<br />

imd he and William C Windom both made speeches from Hie<br />

pagoda in <strong>the</strong> cast park on Columbus Avenue.<br />

On May 9, 1890, John M. Doalt died. He was a man <strong>of</strong> sterling<br />

integrity with some prominent faults. lie Avent through bankruptcy in<br />

1873 and paid only a small amount to apply on his debts. He succeeded<br />

commercially and many years aftenvard. Avhen <strong>the</strong> legal liability for any<br />

part <strong>of</strong> his debts had long ceased, he invited his former creditors to<br />

dinner and under <strong>the</strong> plate <strong>of</strong> each AVIIS a check for <strong>the</strong> full amount nf<br />

<strong>the</strong> balance he owed <strong>the</strong>m and interest to that time. ^<br />

The American Crayon Company was incorporated in 1890 Avith $."> -

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 451<br />

000 capital, with L. L. Curtis as vice president and A. M. Spore as<br />

secretary.<br />

The first street paved in Sandusky Avas Market Street, between Jackson<br />

and Wayne, for Avhich <strong>the</strong> ordinance AVIIS passed June 6, 1892, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> property Avas assessed oil December 3, 1894.<br />

On January 27, 1911, J. O. Moss died. He became president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Sandusky, Mansfield & NeAvark Railroad in <strong>the</strong> early '70s, and in his<br />

later years was president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Moss National Bank. He died possessed<br />

<strong>of</strong> a large fortune accumulated by his OAVH sagacity and AVIIS naturally<br />

possessed <strong>of</strong> 1 lit* brightest mind that <strong>the</strong> author ever met during his<br />

residence in Sandusky.<br />

On .May 7. 1887, <strong>the</strong> Market House AVIIS opened on <strong>the</strong> Avest square,<br />

Avhich AA'as lator burned and aftenvard torn (IOAVII.<br />

In 1877 <strong>the</strong> signal service AVIIS established in Sandusky and had its<br />

station on top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West House, but Avas moved to its present location<br />

April 1, 1888.<br />

\ On .July 2. 1875, ground AVIIS broken for <strong>the</strong> present Avatenvorks.<br />

' On September 1, 1875, <strong>the</strong> Whiskey Run seAver AVIIS finished by<br />

Vincent Kerber.<br />

, The Register <strong>of</strong> August 8, 1878, first discusses u plan for a street<br />

railroad to run from <strong>the</strong> Big Four Railroad, past <strong>the</strong> Baltimore & Ohio,<br />

to <strong>the</strong> cemetery.<br />

On October 2d <strong>the</strong> Register mentions that ^2,000 out <strong>of</strong> $10,000 required<br />

had been raised.<br />

On September 21, 1890. a man who AVIIS knoAvn as Spot Barker died<br />

in Sandusky. lie AVIIS a democrat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tierce and unterrifying kind.<br />

When .Lincoln AA'as'elected in I860 he painted his house black and il<br />

remained black for some years after his death because <strong>of</strong> his VOAV that<br />

he Avould not paint it any o<strong>the</strong>r color until a democratic president AVIIS<br />

elected, and he died before that restilt AA'as accomplished.<br />

On May 7, 1885. <strong>the</strong> Sandusky ihiihva.Av'Khicli ran from <strong>the</strong> West<br />

House out to <strong>the</strong> Lake Shore Depot by <strong>the</strong> Avay <strong>of</strong> Hayes Avenue, was<br />

bought by J. (). Moss. Its superintendent AVas L. HL Alcott. who built<br />

it. and this AMIS <strong>the</strong> first street railroad in SandnskyS<br />

On April 29, 1890, a company to run a street railroad to <strong>the</strong> Soldiers*<br />

Home AA'as organized and Avas sold on May 23 to C. E. Cook <strong>of</strong> Chicago.<br />

C W. Font and Christy Bro<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> Cleveland.<br />

On August 8, 1890. <strong>the</strong> Register mentions that <strong>the</strong>re are four street<br />

railroads in Sandusky. On September 7, 1890.-<strong>the</strong> street railway was<br />

bought to make an electric-line. J. O. Moss was its president, C II. Moss<br />

its vice president. Clark Rude its manager, and its directors were J. O.<br />

Moss. A. .1. Stoll, James Fly-fin and George II. DeWitt.<br />

On January 2. 1892. <strong>the</strong> electric line Avas built from <strong>the</strong> Soldiers'<br />

Home to <strong>the</strong> cemetery. On May 24. 1893. <strong>the</strong> first ear rah from Sandusky<br />

to X<strong>of</strong>Avnlk. ""\<br />

On January 23. 1897, Clark Rude AVIIS made recciA'«*r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sandusky<br />

Street,Raihvay Company, which Avas'soln on -July 9. 1898. ton syndicate<br />

managed by Thomas Wood for $60,024.

452 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

On December 28, 1900, <strong>the</strong> Sandusky, Norwalk & Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Raihvay<br />

bought <strong>the</strong> White Line to Norwalk and ,<strong>the</strong> Sandusky, Mansfield &<br />

'NorAvalk Railroad Company, all <strong>of</strong> Avhich Avere later purchased by<br />

Samuel Bullock, Avho later Avent broke.<br />

In 1902 <strong>the</strong> Everett Moore syndicate made.an assignment, Avho had<br />

purchased <strong>the</strong> street raihvays, and later <strong>the</strong>ir rights Avere acquired by <strong>the</strong><br />

Lake Shore Electric, <strong>the</strong> present OAVIICTS.<br />

On September 25, 1890, <strong>the</strong> Big Four bought <strong>the</strong> old Cleveland,<br />

Sandusky & <strong>Cincinnati</strong> Railroad.<br />

On October 10th <strong>the</strong> police and fire station AVIIS finished.<br />

On March 18/1890. <strong>the</strong> Odd- Fellows Temple AVIIS dedicated.<br />

On June 25th <strong>the</strong>* .Masonic Temple Avas dedicated.<br />

On .January 9, 1894. <strong>the</strong> remaining tombstones Avere taken from <strong>the</strong> old<br />

cholera cemetery, much to <strong>the</strong> indignation <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> proceeding AA'as condemned by <strong>the</strong> Register.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 27th day <strong>of</strong> April, 1892, <strong>the</strong> contest over <strong>the</strong> will <strong>of</strong> J. C.<br />

%LockAvood. <strong>of</strong> Milan, AVIIS concluded. The estate involved $1,000,000:<br />

<strong>the</strong> case occiu^ied eight Aveeks and required a special act <strong>of</strong> Hie Legislature<br />

to extend Hie winter term so it could be finished before <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

term. *<br />

On May 3, 1891, <strong>the</strong> dedication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> niouiiiiiei.it to <strong>the</strong> Moore sisters.<br />

representing a large book Avhich IIOAV stands at <strong>the</strong> left, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cntrai/e<br />

<strong>of</strong> Oakland Cemetery, took place. They Avere tAvo sisters who taught ih<br />

<strong>the</strong> old unclassified school that stood on <strong>the</strong>-courthouse square. "<br />

On June 15, 1894, <strong>the</strong> local organization <strong>of</strong> Elks Avas perfected.<br />

On June 13, 1895, <strong>the</strong> Grand Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Republic had its encampment<br />

at Sandusky.<br />

On .July 21 .-1895, <strong>the</strong> cornerstone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>'Congregational Church AVIIS<br />

laid. In it was placed a Bible, a list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>'members, <strong>the</strong> year book <strong>of</strong><br />

1895 and copies <strong>of</strong> local papers.<br />

The Milan bank robbery took place on February 5, 18,95, when <strong>the</strong><br />

robbers secured $<strong>20</strong>,000 by exploding <strong>the</strong> safe.<br />

On July 16. 1894. Johnson's Island AVIIS first opened as a pleasure<br />

resort.<br />

Labor Day AVIIS first celebrated in Sandusky on September 2, 1890.<br />

On May 21, 1897, <strong>the</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congregational Church assembled<br />

here. A.<br />

On June 21,\904, <strong>the</strong> Booth Fish Co. fire took place with a loss <strong>of</strong><br />

$150,000. *<br />

On July 27th <strong>the</strong> Schoepfle & Sloane fire took place with a $<strong>20</strong>,000 loss.<br />

•• , On January 26, 1905, <strong>the</strong> Woolsey Wheel Company burned with a<br />

$110,000 loss, and incidentally threw <strong>20</strong>0 men out <strong>of</strong> Avork.<br />

In March, 1901, <strong>the</strong> historic elm <strong>of</strong> Sandusky AV;& removed. It stood<br />

a couple <strong>of</strong> rods south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>/'oluinbus Avenue entrance to <strong>the</strong> courthouse.<br />

It AVIIS planted by M. F. CoAvdry to commemorate <strong>the</strong> passage <strong>of</strong> a laAV<br />

favoring free .schools some time in <strong>the</strong> early '50s, and shortly after <strong>the</strong><br />

erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old blue stone high school, which stood facing Columbus<br />

Avenue directly across <strong>the</strong> present Avalk* to <strong>the</strong> courthouse. The building

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 453<br />

was tAvo stories high and 60 feet front by 40 deep, and had a school room<br />

on each story. There AVIIS a board sideAvalk from <strong>the</strong> elm to <strong>the</strong> rear<br />

stairAA'ay <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> high school.<br />

Tn <strong>the</strong> Avinter <strong>of</strong> .1909 <strong>the</strong> greenhouses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city on Monroe Street<br />

Avere finished, Avhich Avere begun in September, 1908.<br />

On February 14, 1909, occurred <strong>the</strong> greatest storm in <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> city. It broke (IOAVII trees and telephone poles and telegraph poles<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Aveight <strong>of</strong> ice and put business out <strong>of</strong> commission for a. Aveek and<br />

obstructed streets Avith Avreckage.<br />

On November 18, 1909; <strong>the</strong> Mahala Block Avas. burned.<br />

On September 8, 1913, <strong>the</strong> Perry celebration began, and on September<br />

9, 1913, Admiral Dewey, Ex-President Taft and General Keifer made<br />

speeches at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> Jackson Street.<br />

On September 15, 1912, <strong>the</strong> Oliver revival meetings opened and Avere<br />

preceded on <strong>the</strong> 7th <strong>of</strong> September by <strong>the</strong> first, dry Sunday under <strong>the</strong><br />

license law.<br />

On December 17, 1914, <strong>the</strong> Bender Wooihvard Company had a loss<br />

by fire <strong>of</strong> about $100,000.

CHAPTER XXXVII<br />

ERIE COUNTY CELEBRITIES<br />

Old John Beatty is mentioned as a typical pioneer. He built <strong>the</strong><br />

old Beatty mansion which still stands east <strong>of</strong> Bogarts. He also built a<br />

church known as <strong>the</strong> Beatty Church, Avhich aftenvards became a Lu<strong>the</strong>ran<br />

Church solely because be did not believe that <strong>the</strong> Methodist Church at<br />

that lime had any principles on <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> slavery and he proposed<br />

to have a church that, Avould stand for opposition to <strong>the</strong> evil to Avhich<br />

he AVIIS himself opposed. Like many reformers he did not haA'e much<br />

business ability. He became land poor. He bought a large amount <strong>of</strong><br />

land in Erie County and sold some <strong>of</strong> it for less Ihan he paid. He sold<br />

<strong>the</strong> farm in IJerkins ToAvnship that is knoAvn as Hie Lindsay Farm,<br />

formerly oAvncd by Gen. W. I). Lindsay, for 1,600 bushels <strong>of</strong> potatoes.<br />

and Avhen <strong>the</strong> potatoes Ave re dug and ready for delivery be left <strong>the</strong>m<br />

lay on <strong>the</strong> field to rot.<br />

For twenty years he AVIIS never Avilhout a lawsuit in court and<br />

spent in litigation property 1 licit today Avould undoubtedly be Avorth<br />

several millions <strong>of</strong> dollars. lie had one lawsuit with <strong>the</strong> United States<br />

^-over a cask <strong>of</strong> brandy that got past <strong>the</strong> custom house <strong>of</strong>ficials which cost<br />

him a large amount <strong>of</strong> money.<br />

His anger or sympathy AA'ere easily aroused. On one occasion a<br />

neighbor came to him and told him that a man named Smith AVIIS ill treating<br />

his children, Hint he had a number <strong>of</strong> small children and only fed<br />

<strong>the</strong>m one meal a day, Avhereupon Mr. Beatty in anger Avent over to see<br />

Mr. Smith and Avhen be learned <strong>the</strong> truth, which AVIIS <strong>the</strong> fact that Smith<br />

began to feed his children in <strong>the</strong> morning and fed <strong>the</strong>m all day, he took<br />

<strong>the</strong> joker by <strong>the</strong> neck and kicked him a few times, at which Mr. Smith<br />

laughed, but nei<strong>the</strong>r Mr. Beatty nor <strong>the</strong> joker did.<br />

Gen. John Beatty.—One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most prominent men taking part in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Civil Avar from Erie County AVIIS Gen. Jojin Beatty, who AVIIS born<br />

December 16. 182S, in a log cabin on South Columbus Avenue, being <strong>the</strong><br />

only house betAveeii Sandusky and IIOAV Avhat is called Bogarts. His<br />

grandfa<strong>the</strong>r built <strong>the</strong> first brick house in <strong>the</strong> Firelands near Bogarts and<br />

it is still standing. His early education AVIIS obtained in <strong>the</strong> district<br />

school. The coming and going <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stage coach from Mansfield and<br />

toAvns fur<strong>the</strong>r iuvny carrying travelers for Sandusky, where <strong>the</strong>y took<br />

boots for Buffalo. AVIIS an event in <strong>the</strong> child's life, as AVIIS <strong>the</strong> running<br />

iiAvay to come to Sandusky to Avitness <strong>the</strong> execution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> murderer <strong>of</strong><br />

John ('. Ritter. <strong>the</strong> only person legally executed in Erie County.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> outbreak <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Civil Avar he and his bro<strong>the</strong>r AA'ere in. <strong>the</strong><br />

454

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 455<br />

banking business in Cardington, Ohio. He organized a company <strong>of</strong><br />

volunteers and'enlisted in <strong>the</strong> Union army. He Avas breveted colonel <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry in April, 1861, served three years<br />

and resigned Avith rank <strong>of</strong> brigadier general. In 1860 he was presidential<br />

elector, iind in that capacity voted for Lincoln, serving in Congress from<br />

1868 to 1873 as a representative from Eighth Ohio District. In 1873<br />

General Beatty organized <strong>the</strong> Citizens Bank in Columbus and AVIIS<br />

president l.ntil its consolidation with <strong>the</strong> Citizens Trust and Savings<br />

Bank iir 1903, at which time he retired from active life to devote his<br />

time to writing, among Avhich are noted <strong>the</strong> folloAving: "High or LOAV<br />

Tariff. Which;" "AIISAVCI- to Coins Financial School;" "The Belle o'<br />

Meckel's Lane;" "The Aleolhuans," and "McLean." In 1884 he Avas<br />

presidential elector at large and AVIIS defeated for governor <strong>the</strong> first time<br />

Foraker AVIIS nominated.<br />

In recognition <strong>of</strong> liis»service in <strong>the</strong> Avar he AVIIS appointed president<br />

<strong>of</strong> Ohio. Chickamaugua and Chattanooga Military Park. He died December<br />

21, 1914. and AVIIS buried at Oakland Cemetery.<br />

On February 16, 1905, Jay Cooke died at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> eighty-three.<br />

He AVIIS <strong>the</strong> son <strong>of</strong> Eleu<strong>the</strong>ros Cooke, AVIIO, achieved great fame as a<br />

financier by floating Hie Government bonds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States in <strong>the</strong><br />

War <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rebellion.<br />

Some time in <strong>the</strong> early '90s a man named W. II. Crane came here<br />

with one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> many successful schemes to separate Sandusky people<br />

from <strong>the</strong>ir hard earned coin. This scheme AVIIS knoAvn as <strong>the</strong> Walhonding<br />

Railroad scheme. A promoter AVIIS a. good deal <strong>of</strong> a novelty in those<br />

days. Mr. Crane ACAV very high in those days. His meals Avere served<br />

in his private rooifis, except that he sent his little boy (IOAVII to <strong>the</strong> (lining<br />

room Avhere <strong>the</strong> ordinary guests ate, accompanied by bis French maid.<br />

The doors <strong>of</strong> his suite did„iiot suit him and he had <strong>the</strong>m taken <strong>of</strong>f and<br />

very expensive ones substituted. When <strong>the</strong> end came he oAA'ed <strong>the</strong><br />

landlord a large board bill still unpaid. In <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> his prosperity.<br />

after extracting thousands <strong>of</strong> dollars from Sandusky people, with no<br />

return, he had lent a JCAV neAvspaper reporter $<strong>20</strong> and Avhen he went<br />

(IOAVII ihe toboggan lie would call and dun <strong>the</strong> JCAV every day wilhout<br />

result. It was Avorth <strong>the</strong> price <strong>of</strong> admission to hear him sit in <strong>the</strong> hotel<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice and curse <strong>the</strong> dishonesty <strong>of</strong> that JCAV in beating him out <strong>of</strong> that $<strong>20</strong>.<br />

Sen. Stephen W. Dorsey lived in Sandusky, until about 1869, for<br />

several years. ,<br />

Thomas A. Edison.—Perched on <strong>the</strong> bluffs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Huron River, with<br />

her Avell-kept lawns, stately elms and century-old maples, Milan is a<br />

picturesque spot.<br />

On account <strong>of</strong> his patriotic vicAvs forced to leave Canada, <strong>the</strong>re came<br />

to this <strong>the</strong>n hustling little toAvn in '37 one Samuel Edison, AVIIO later<br />

married a pretty school teacher, Nancy Elliot, a Scotch woman by<br />

parentage. They took up <strong>the</strong>ir residence in <strong>the</strong> red brick house which<br />

stands on <strong>the</strong> highest point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Hog Back."<br />

To this every visitor is invited to pay homage, as every citizen is

456 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

proud <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fact that here, on <strong>the</strong> 11th <strong>of</strong> February, 1847, was born<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avorld's greatest inventor, Thomas A. Edison.<br />

The baby-AI, as he AVIIS called in his boyhood, AVIIS like his mo<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>of</strong><br />

a quiet retiring disposition, and as <strong>the</strong> child grew so did <strong>the</strong> affection<br />

between mo<strong>the</strong>r and son. On one occasion Mr. Edison remarked, "I<br />

did not have my mo<strong>the</strong>r very long bul in that length <strong>of</strong> time she east<br />

over me an influence Avhich has lasted all my life." He says <strong>of</strong> himself,<br />

"I was ahvays a careless hoy but my mo<strong>the</strong>r's sweetness'and goodness<br />

Avere potent powers to keep me in <strong>the</strong> right path." In <strong>the</strong> short<br />

time he attended school he AVIIS nearly ahvays at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> his class.<br />

On one occasion <strong>the</strong> teacher remarked to <strong>the</strong> inspector thai <strong>the</strong> boy was<br />

"addled" and that, <strong>the</strong>re AVIIS no use to keep him in school. The youth<br />

overheard <strong>the</strong> remark, repeated it to his mo<strong>the</strong>r, who promptly took<br />

<strong>the</strong> child back to <strong>the</strong> school and told <strong>the</strong> teacher he didn't knoAv Avhtit<br />

he Avas talking about, that <strong>the</strong> lad had more brains than <strong>the</strong> teacher.<br />

Referring to this critical period <strong>of</strong> his existence, Mr. Edison says.<br />

"Had it not been for.my mo<strong>the</strong>r's appreciation and faith in me, \ should<br />

very likely never have become an inventor. She Avas so true so sure<br />

<strong>of</strong> me, I felt that I had some OIK? to live for, some one I must not. disappoint.<br />

The memory <strong>of</strong> her will ahvays he a blessing to me."<br />

The bro<strong>the</strong>r-in-laAV <strong>of</strong> Thomas Edison tells a story illustrating bis<br />

investigating mind at an early age. lie says that when Tom AVIIS visiting<br />

his sister, Mrs. Homer Page, at her country home he conceived <strong>the</strong><br />

idea he could hatch an egg as well as a goose. So he made a nest, put<br />

some goose eggs in it and began to set. When his sister collared him<br />

he cried and said if a goose could hatch an egg he did not see Avhy he<br />

could not.<br />

Well knoAvn to all are <strong>the</strong> advances Edison has made in science and<br />

^electricity, <strong>the</strong> greatest <strong>of</strong> Avhich arc <strong>the</strong> incandescent lights and lighting<br />

station, <strong>the</strong> improvements in telegraphy and <strong>the</strong> telephone and <strong>the</strong><br />

phonograph.<br />

Milan Avill ahvays be proud <strong>of</strong> Mr, Edison's achievements and remembers<br />

with 1 hanks <strong>the</strong> gift <strong>of</strong> $600 to <strong>the</strong> high school laboratory in 1908.<br />

Old Oran Follett, who died several years ago in Sandusky, Avas for<br />

many years prominent in <strong>the</strong> management <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mad River Railroad.<br />

In Ins later years he devoted a great deal -<strong>of</strong> time to Avriting and publishing<br />

a book to SIIOAV that Shakespeare did not Avrite <strong>the</strong> plays popularly<br />

attributed to him, but Ihat <strong>the</strong>y Avere written by Lord Bacon.<br />

Like all Avriters on that subject he did not need any evidence to prove<br />

that, Lord Bacon Avrote <strong>the</strong>m but let it go with <strong>the</strong> assertion.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> prominence <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> victims, <strong>the</strong>re is a striking similarity<br />

in <strong>the</strong> Titanic and <strong>the</strong> Lusitania disasters. The Titanic carried 1o <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

deaths John Jacob Astor, American millionaire, and Henry B. Harris.<br />

famous <strong>the</strong>atrical man. Victims <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lusitania include Alfred GAvynne<br />

Vanderbilt, multi-millionaire: Charles Frohman, <strong>the</strong> "Little Napoleon"<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stage; Miles Justus Forman, famous author, and Charles Klein.<br />

<strong>the</strong> playAvright.<br />

, A Sandusky neAvspaper told <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recovery <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> body <strong>of</strong> Mr.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 457<br />

Frohman and this again recalled <strong>the</strong> fact that he AVIIS one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />

noted native Sanduskians. Born in <strong>the</strong> house at 507 Lawrence Street,<br />

Avhich is still standing, on June 17, 1860, he Avent to New York with<br />

his parents at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> thirteen, joining his older bro<strong>the</strong>r, Daniel,<br />

Avho was <strong>the</strong>n a reporter on <strong>the</strong> New York Tribune. He attended <strong>the</strong><br />

public school and Avorked evenings in a neAvspaper <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />

At <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> seventeen he organized a minstrel SIIOAV. Later he sold<br />

tickets at Holey's Theater, in Brooklyn. In 1880 he went to Minnesota<br />

to join <strong>the</strong> Chicago Dramatic Company, and shortly aftenvards toured<br />

<strong>the</strong> United States and Europe as treasurer <strong>of</strong> Haverly's Forty Minstrels.<br />

The real beginning <strong>of</strong> his <strong>the</strong>atrical career was when, in 1887, he<br />

obtained control <strong>of</strong> Bronson Howard's play, "Shenandoah." Then,<br />

with his bro<strong>the</strong>r, Daniel Frohman, he began to organize road companies<br />

under a HCAV system. Within a feAV years he organized four minstrel<br />

companies, took <strong>the</strong> Lester Wallaek Company on tour and sent his .Madison<br />

Square Theater plays on <strong>the</strong> road.<br />

He took up "Shenandoah" Avhen no o<strong>the</strong>r manager saAV any possibilities<br />

in it and it ran all Avinter M)i New York and for tAventy-five Avccks<br />

in Chicago, and three or four 1 companies Avere playing it at <strong>the</strong> same<br />

time. His next play, "All <strong>the</strong> Comforts <strong>of</strong> Home," transplanted from<br />

<strong>the</strong> German by Gillette, ran for thirteen Aveeks at <strong>the</strong> Boston Museum<br />

and for a long time in NCAV York. Then he organized a company <strong>of</strong> his<br />

OAvn which was at Proctor's for three years. Aftenvards he organized a<br />

light comedy company and sent it out on <strong>the</strong> road with "Wilkinson's<br />

WidoAvs." When he was ready to open <strong>the</strong> Charles Frohman Theater<br />

at Broiuhvay and Fortieth Street, be gave Sardou $8,000 to Avrite a play.<br />

While in Europe he made contracts for o<strong>the</strong>r pjays, all <strong>of</strong> Avhich Avere<br />

successes.<br />

Frohman's wealth was estimated at from $500,000 to $2,000,000. lie<br />

spent half his time in NCAV York and half in London.<br />

He was proprietor and manager <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Empire, Criterion, Lyceum,<br />

Carrick, Savoy and Knickerbocker <strong>the</strong>aters in NCAV York and <strong>the</strong> Duke<br />

<strong>of</strong> York, Comedy, Globe and Adelphi <strong>the</strong>aters in London.<br />

He Avas interested in nearly 100 <strong>the</strong>aters in <strong>the</strong> United States, with<br />

playhouses featuring his productions in <strong>the</strong> principal cities.<br />

Besides several star actors in England, Mr. Frohman had under his<br />

direction sixteen stars in America. He referred to <strong>the</strong>m ahvays as "iny<br />

people," and kept framed pliotographs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m above his desk. "They<br />

are my people Avho haA'e made me," he Avould tell his friends. The stars,<br />

in turn, invariably referred to Mr. Frohman as "C. F."<br />

These stars included Maude Adams, John DrcAV, E<strong>the</strong>l Barrymore,<br />

Billie Burke, Blanche Bates, William Gillette and'Otis Skinner. His<br />

belief in <strong>the</strong> star system and his loyalty to <strong>the</strong> older school <strong>of</strong> English<br />

dramatics AA'ere his distinguishing traits as a producer.<br />

"Peter Pan" and "Chantecleer," tAvo <strong>of</strong> his most famous productions.<br />

Avere by foreign authors.<br />

Of his personality <strong>the</strong> public kneAV little. His characteristic modesty<br />

was respected by his admirers among his associates and <strong>the</strong> audiences

458 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

that enjoyed his plays. Many actors in his employ for years did not<br />

even knoAv him- by sight. To doormen on Broadway he was knoAvn as<br />

<strong>the</strong> "to-and-fro-nian," from his habit <strong>of</strong> sliding in and out. <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>aters<br />

unobtrusively.<br />

lie AVII.S a man <strong>of</strong> unusually small stature, but a veritable human<br />

dynamo <strong>of</strong> energy. He spent all <strong>of</strong> bis Avaking hours reading and<br />

rehearsing plays or looking after <strong>the</strong> many details <strong>of</strong> producing. .Meals,<br />

sleep and <strong>the</strong> ordinary necessities <strong>of</strong> life he considered as annoying<br />

time-Avasters.<br />

Recreation did not seem to enter into his calculations. Such rest<br />

ns he got came Avhen he AVIIS at his home in White Plains, XOAV York.<br />

His home <strong>the</strong>re is more than 100 years old and lies far <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> beaten<br />

track. The nearest place 1o it is <strong>the</strong> famous training sanitarium known<br />

ns "Muldoon's."<br />

He AVIIS entirely Avithout intimates. He had a positive dislike for<br />

meeting people, aud while* probably <strong>the</strong> most talked <strong>of</strong> man on <strong>the</strong> Rialto,<br />

AA'as <strong>the</strong> least known to its habitues.<br />

"A master producer," said George C. Tyler, noted <strong>the</strong>atrical man<br />

<strong>of</strong> XCAV York, referring to Frohman. "If <strong>the</strong> stage needs anything it<br />

needs men like Charles Frohiiian. lie AVIIS one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> few men in <strong>the</strong><br />

SIIOAV business AVIIO have ideals, and not only ideals but <strong>the</strong> courage to<br />

adhere to <strong>the</strong>m."<br />

On March <strong>20</strong>, 1882. Hie Register announced <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> James P.<br />

(iiiy, AVIIO AA-as <strong>the</strong> first person AVIIO Avorked <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> Sandusky for any<br />

large 'amount <strong>of</strong> money without any real benefit being derived, lie<br />

received from <strong>the</strong> city $15,000 for erecting a shipyard in <strong>the</strong> east end<br />

Avhere <strong>the</strong> Toll Company IIOAV is. The shipyard AVIIS never built.<br />

The fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Judge Lewis Goodwin and Homer Goodwin was Dr.<br />

Krastus GoodAvin. Avhose first Avife AVIIS Miss Dotia Gilbert, who was <strong>the</strong><br />

first Ayoinan who ever taught school in Milan ToAvnship and who met<br />

Doctor GoodAvin first while he Avas in Hie vicinity <strong>of</strong> Sandusky as a<br />

soldier <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> 1812.<br />

LeAvis II. GoodAvin sciwcd two terms as prohalc judge <strong>of</strong> Erie County<br />

and had <strong>the</strong> folloAving creditable record in <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rebellion:<br />

Enlisted as a private. September 1. 1861. in <strong>the</strong> Forty-seventh Indiana<br />

Infantry: elected captain Company 1!. October 1. 1861; served in <strong>the</strong><br />

Army <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cumberland. December, 1861, to February, 1862: in <strong>the</strong><br />

Army <strong>of</strong> Tennessee until April. 1862: sei'A'ed in Missouri and in battles<br />

around XCAV Madrid and Island No. 10 until June, 1862; promoted to<br />

major October 1. 1862; served under Generals Ilalleck and Curtiss at<br />

Memphis and Helena. Arkansas, from June, 1862. until April. 1S63:<br />

served under General Grant in <strong>the</strong> Vicksburg campaign: in command <strong>of</strong><br />

regiment during spring campaign <strong>of</strong> 1863: severely Avonnded at battle<br />

<strong>of</strong> Champion's Hill. May 16, 1863; furloughed on account <strong>of</strong> AVOUIHIS:<br />

rejoined command at NCAV Orleans. September. 1863: served in Red<br />

River campaign under General Banks in fall <strong>of</strong> 1863: commanded regiment<br />

from fall <strong>of</strong> 1863 to February. 1864: remained in <strong>the</strong> Department<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf until close <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avar: mustered oul at Memphis. Tennessee.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 459<br />

January, 1865; tAvice promoted for bravery; served as colonel <strong>of</strong> regiment<br />

over a year.<br />

A brief biographical sketch <strong>of</strong> Gen. Henry LaAvton is given in <strong>the</strong><br />

history <strong>of</strong> Margaretta ToAvnship.<br />

Garry Bard Hyde<br />

Son <strong>of</strong> Daniel Hyde<br />

&<br />

Eunice Bard Hyde<br />

Born in Oxford, Conn., May 1st, 1795.<br />

Married July! 7th, 1831,<br />

To<br />

('aroline Wooster—Daughter<br />

(born in Oxford, Conn.,<br />

September 17th, 1812) <strong>of</strong><br />

Joseph Wooster, Jr.<br />

and<br />

Elizabeth Ann.Hull.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> spring <strong>of</strong> 1833. G. B. Hyde, wife and infant son, Henry<br />

Wooster. left Oxford, Connecticut. Avith Chicago as <strong>the</strong>ir intended destination.'<br />

They journeyed from Buffalo by steamboat to Huron, Ohio.<br />

Avhere <strong>the</strong>y stopped for a feAV days 1 visit at <strong>the</strong> home <strong>of</strong> his bro<strong>the</strong>r,<br />

Merrieft Hyde, who resided at\ Wakeiiiaii, Ohio. They Avent from Huron<br />

by Avagon. They engaged a'driver AVIIO bad a double team. They left<br />

Huron late in <strong>the</strong> afternoon. The trail AVIIS through a thickly Avooded<br />

country, rough and muddy roads. When about an hour's drive from<br />

Huron tA\o men sprang out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bushes and seized <strong>the</strong> horses' bridles.<br />

The driver gave <strong>the</strong> horses smart cuts. and. leaping fonvard, <strong>the</strong>y caused<br />

<strong>the</strong> men to loosen <strong>the</strong>ir hold, when <strong>the</strong> driver lashed <strong>the</strong> horses into a<br />

run. Continuing to run for scA'eral miles, mo<strong>the</strong>r recognized <strong>the</strong> tAvo<br />

men as <strong>the</strong> party she had noticed folloAving <strong>the</strong>m around while <strong>the</strong>y Avere<br />

in Huron. She AVIIS greatly terrified during <strong>the</strong> entire ride as <strong>the</strong>y did<br />

not arrive at Wakeinan until about midnight and <strong>the</strong> woods Avere dark<br />

aTuTdisiiial. and it AVIIS <strong>the</strong> latter part <strong>of</strong> March. They Avere persuaded<br />

to abandon <strong>the</strong>ir journey to Chicago, and he purchased a farm in Vermillion<br />

Township. He cleared <strong>the</strong> farm, selling <strong>the</strong> Avood in Huron<br />

to steamboats. He AA'as <strong>the</strong> pioneer vineyardist in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ohio. He<br />

AVIIS reared in <strong>the</strong> Church <strong>of</strong> England, <strong>the</strong> Episcopal, <strong>of</strong> which church<br />

his ancestors had been members for many generations.<br />

His ancestors settled in Fairfield. Connecticut, about 1669. Humphrey<br />

Hyde coming over at that time. Subsequently, Mr. Hyde removed near<br />

A<strong>the</strong>ns, Alabama, Avhere he passed away August 8, 1879. He sleeps<br />

in <strong>the</strong> XCAV Garden Cemetery. Mrs. Hyde returned from Alabama to<br />

make her home\i Toledo, from 1882 until 1891. She departed this life<br />

August 14. 1902?lt Waco, Texas, where she Avas buried.<br />

' Henry, <strong>the</strong> oldlst son. sleeps in Chester. Florida. Daniel Bard found<br />

rest in a cemetery lhvChicago. The four daughters are yet living. Hen-

460 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

rietta (Mrs. Harding McFall) resides in Cleveland. Lavilla (Mrs. C.<br />

M. Thomas) has a home in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Eunice Bard Hyde<br />

(mo<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Garry Bard Hyde) Avas born in Bristol. Connecticut, January<br />

4, 1765; died at <strong>the</strong> residence <strong>of</strong> her son in Vermillion, February 10,<br />

.1862. She had ten bro<strong>the</strong>rs AVIIO fought in <strong>the</strong> War <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Revolution.<br />

She also had tAvo sisters. She came to Ohio about <strong>the</strong> year 1834. Her<br />

remains Avere interred in <strong>the</strong> Vermillion Cemetery. Beside her sleep<br />

four great-grandchildren: Willie Hyde, son <strong>of</strong> Daniel B. Hyde; Alice,<br />

daughter <strong>of</strong> Henry Hyde; Agnes LaidhiAV, daughter <strong>of</strong> Isabella Hyde<br />

LaidhiAv, and Viola Harding Risden, AVIIO met a tragical death October<br />

19, 1880. Mrs. P. B. Laidlaw, Isabella Hyde, resides in El Paso, Texas.<br />

Imogene Hyde, Mrs. S. St. John, is a resident <strong>of</strong> San Diego, California.<br />

LKTTKK I'KOM MlililtlKTT IIVDK TO G.AUUY B.WII) IIVDI:<br />

"Wiikcman, Ohio.<br />

"To Garry Bard Hyde 'August 28th, 1824.<br />

"Oxford, County <strong>of</strong> NCAV Haven<br />

. "Connecticut.<br />

"Dear Bro<strong>the</strong>r,<br />

"I received your letter May 6th. dated <strong>the</strong> last <strong>of</strong> J any and<br />

received <strong>the</strong> $2.53 cents instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tin pans. T have a 1'CAV tin pans,<br />

but not as many as AVp-Ir-1 r rees bloomed.<br />

" I have moAved 10 acres <strong>of</strong> grass to <strong>the</strong> halves. You may come and<br />

see me if you please, I should be happy to wait on. you and can treat<br />

you to <strong>the</strong> fat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> this land. We AVIIS SO plagued for a Blacksmith,<br />

that I let Isaac Hill have an article <strong>of</strong> my land <strong>of</strong>t' <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avest end <strong>of</strong>

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 461<br />

my land, and took his notes, and went to (raots)'.' (this Avord AVIIS<br />

indistinct) tOAvn 10 miles and moved him out. I<br />

"I have explored this country 10 miles East and 30 South and have<br />

see.n some good country and some poor.<br />

"Everywhere I go I see some one that kneAV me or my Fa<strong>the</strong>r or<br />

Grandfa<strong>the</strong>r or some one that <strong>the</strong>y or I knew, Avhich makes us all cousins.<br />

"1 have beard <strong>of</strong> John Leferbree, and I calculate to make him a<br />

visit, he is 12 miles South and 7 East from me, but <strong>the</strong>re is no direct.<br />

road.<br />

"I Avish you to send me sonic new seed and some <strong>of</strong>. that large kind<br />

<strong>of</strong> 12 roAv corn.<br />

"Eunice AVIIS married to Chancy Thompson a Connecticut Yankee,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Avedding AVIIS at 2 o'clock P M. and held out by about 50 persons<br />

and continued by feasting and sporting until al 11 at eve.<br />

•"By <strong>the</strong> bearer <strong>of</strong> this letter, Johnson Wheeler, Sally sends to Mo<strong>the</strong>r<br />

a little bag <strong>of</strong> useful roots. Maria and .Monroe send <strong>the</strong>ir respects, to<br />

Uncle Garry aud Grandmo<strong>the</strong>r, aud says tell <strong>the</strong>m, that Monroe has<br />

read in a teslaineiit, and Maria has read through <strong>the</strong> testament and to<br />

Hie <strong>20</strong>th chapter <strong>of</strong> John again.<br />

"Crops have come in well this year and times good and lively for<br />

a new country, and most cvt'ry thing will fetch <strong>the</strong> cjish.<br />

"1 pray God to be your Holy keeper.<br />

"MEKIUKTT' HYDE.<br />

"P. S. (tive my regards to all friends and foes.<br />

"This country is very flat, and in Avet seasons very muddy, but<br />

healthy. In a dry season very pleasant?—I+-4s^very sickly Avhen <strong>the</strong><br />

drougli commences <strong>the</strong> standing waU/r stagnates, wTfich causes fevers<br />

<strong>of</strong> several kinds, such as fever an/f ague, interinittant remittant and<br />

typhus. ' /<br />

"Every new inhabitant has tolhave one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se fevers for a seasoning,<br />

but <strong>the</strong>re are but very feAV that die from <strong>the</strong> seasoning although<br />

some fall victims."<br />

XOTK: Merriett Hyde AVIIS born in Oxford, Connecticut, January 2,<br />

1794, and AVIIS married to Sally Boyd. The Eunice spokeji_g.f AVIIS his<br />

sister. Gurry AVIIS his bro<strong>the</strong>r, AVIIO AVIIS also born in Oxford. He came<br />

to Ohio in 1833 and settled in Vermillion. They Avere <strong>the</strong> children <strong>of</strong><br />

Daniel Hyde and Eunice Bard Hyde. Eunice Hyde died at Vermillion<br />

in 1862 aged ninety-seven "years. Their first Hyde- ancestor Avas<br />

Humphrey', who came to tkfs country from Oxfordshire, England, and<br />

settled in Fairfield, Connecticut, 1669.<br />

James D. Lea was a fine specimen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old-fashioned democrat.<br />

He spent his time and money for <strong>the</strong> democratic party Avithout fee or<br />

hope <strong>of</strong> reAvard. The only <strong>of</strong>fice he ever held Avas member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> board<br />

<strong>of</strong> Avaterworks. lie came here aiul/^ty^JnVlcJw^ efforts achieved a<br />

fortune in <strong>the</strong> lumber business and lift'ed to see tm? day Avhen <strong>the</strong> party<br />

for Avhich he hadjtoilcd for thirty years took possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> county,<br />

state and nation. He AA'as a strong friend and a good enemy and Avhat<br />

greater praise can <strong>the</strong>re be.

462 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> February 21, 189!), contained a biographical sketch<br />

<strong>of</strong> Fanny Mills, who for many years made Sandusky famous as <strong>the</strong> "big<br />

footed girl." She AVIIS a Avoman naturally modest and retiring and<br />

disliked <strong>the</strong> notoriety Avhich <strong>the</strong> exhibition <strong>of</strong> her unfortunate condition<br />

caused. By her business ability she accumulated considerable property<br />

and for some years before her death she had retired and lived in comfort<br />

in her home on South Columbus Avenue.<br />

On February 26, 1878, and on several o<strong>the</strong>r occasions <strong>the</strong> Register<br />

handed a lemon to a book called "Palm Branches," written by Miss<br />

S. M. .Mills <strong>of</strong> this city. The book seems to have created as much local<br />

excitement as "Three Weeks" did many years later nationally. It AVIIS<br />

surely a Avann baby. The folloAving extract published in <strong>the</strong> Register <strong>of</strong><br />

April 13, 1878, gives a fair idea <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book. The Register says:<br />

"Palm Branches is a dainty dream <strong>of</strong> romance, modulated to Aeolian<br />

melodies, and illuminated throughout with <strong>the</strong> glowing tints <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

ra'inhoAV. The author Miss Sallie M. Mills has a Lamartine like predilection<br />

for <strong>the</strong> sweets <strong>of</strong> fancy and diction, but her recitative sympathizing<br />

with American skies has a brisker, more practical and less<br />

voluptuous movement than that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great French idylist. A better<br />

indication <strong>of</strong> her Avay <strong>of</strong> looking at life might be bad by placing her<br />

in contrast Avith her sister novelist Rhoda Broughton. <strong>the</strong> one emphasizing<br />

with perverse energy, <strong>the</strong> grit, <strong>the</strong> grime, <strong>the</strong> bald physical nature<br />

<strong>of</strong> things: <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, like <strong>the</strong> fair spirit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dawn, projecting everything<br />

into a state <strong>of</strong> rosy light, in which <strong>the</strong> commonest objects catch<br />

something <strong>of</strong> a delusive idealism. The one belongs to <strong>the</strong> extreme ytfiith<br />

<strong>of</strong> sentiment, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r to its age. We pluck a sample leaf from Unhook<br />

(which by <strong>the</strong> AVII.V is quite prettily brought out and is sold at<br />

Loclnvoods 812 Broadway) Preparations had been made for<br />

"'LII.I.A'S BIRTHDAY PAKTV."<br />

" 'The hoy.r at last arrived when 1 lit* guests began to come. Lilla<br />

stood beside her mo<strong>the</strong>r ready to receive. S<strong>of</strong>t AVIIX lights gloAved from<br />

<strong>the</strong> chandeliers. Delicious music pulsated through ihe rooms. Lovely<br />

ladies floated through <strong>the</strong> mazes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dance, Ii/<strong>the</strong> excitement and<br />

hurry Daisy AVIIS for a moment forgotten. She Ava/sitting alone absorbed<br />

in watching <strong>the</strong> dancers. The house AVIIS SO beautifully decorated and<br />

<strong>the</strong> guests Avere so amiable and graceful. To Daisy <strong>the</strong> scene AVIIS fairy<br />

like.<br />

"'After n time she became conscious <strong>of</strong> some one standing beside<br />

her. and a voice for which she had learned to listi'n was inviting her<br />

to dance. She could hardly believe her senses but <strong>the</strong>re he stood gloAvering<br />

at her with a dark frown. She Avoudcred at herself for not being<br />

frightened. A great calm Veined soothing over her. She looked into<br />

his face while a HCAV brightness seemed Hooding <strong>the</strong> grand draAving rooni.<br />

" "This Avaltz," ' she slid.<br />

'""Yes."'<br />

" And <strong>the</strong>n she fclt/Tiersclf lifted into eternity. She seemed to be

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 463<br />

floating on azure clouds. The orchestra throbbed out its most entrancing<br />

Strauss. Mr. Carrington Avaltzed divinely. Who would have thought<br />

that that silent forbidding looking man could waltz. Daisy AVIIS SO<br />

exquisitely fair, so every Avay beautiful that <strong>the</strong> city stranger ladies<br />

envied her. They looked mockingly sideAvays at her.<br />

" ' "That is <strong>the</strong> little country girl we have heard about," ' <strong>the</strong>y said<br />

to one ano<strong>the</strong>r scornfully. And several youths who had glared savagely<br />

at each o<strong>the</strong>r in a vain jealousy all Winter, began to shake <strong>the</strong>ir head<br />

and to murmur that she AVIIS too pretty to be good. Of all <strong>the</strong>se evil<br />

omens about her Daisy was for <strong>the</strong> moment blissfully unconscious. She<br />

had her Avaltz with Mr. Carrington. After that it seemed right that she<br />

should walk with him into <strong>the</strong> conservatory. They rested for a moment<br />

beneath <strong>the</strong> boughs <strong>of</strong> an enormous tropical tree. They Avere alone.<br />

All Hie rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company Avere dancing or at supper.<br />

" 'A pale Avhite lantern sAvung from a bough over <strong>the</strong>ir heads.<br />

" 'Daisy looked very lovely by <strong>the</strong> light <strong>of</strong> that calm moonlight blaze.<br />

Then Mr. Carrington AVIIS standing so near her. Then; AVIIS a IICAV<br />

strange magnetism to <strong>the</strong> air. It glided hetAveen <strong>the</strong> tAvo Avith an irresistible<br />

attraction. Daisy sAvayed. She AVIIS dizzy. Mr. Carrington s<br />

arm passed around her, and <strong>the</strong>re without one thought <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proprieties<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> occasion <strong>the</strong> IAVO melted into one kiss.'"<br />

August Mueller settled here in 1835. His name Arould long have<br />

faded from memory had not a ra<strong>the</strong>r peculiar incident occurred which<br />

kept it alive. Sandusky fifty years ago afforded an excellent pasture<br />

ground, not only for old Foreman's sheep, but for a number <strong>of</strong> cows.<br />

that in a go-as-you-please Avay, found food and Avater, shelter and shade<br />

among <strong>the</strong> hazel bushes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village. Mueller Avas <strong>the</strong> proud possessor<br />

<strong>of</strong> a COAV, but it AVIIS a great chagrin to him that his COAV returned dry<br />

repeatedly, in <strong>the</strong> evening. A kind-hearted neighbor enlightened him<br />

that in all probability some one procured <strong>the</strong> precious lacteal fluid<br />

Avithout consent. Whe<strong>the</strong>r our friend August in his younger days had<br />

read Cooper's " Lederstriimpf"' and <strong>the</strong> "Last <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mohicans" or not.<br />

Ave leave this an open question. He started on his warpath, <strong>the</strong> scalping<br />

knife in bis pocket, anfl Avended his AVIIV through <strong>the</strong> bushes on<br />

hands and feet, and <strong>the</strong>re sat <strong>the</strong> perpetrator <strong>of</strong> all his misery, leisurely<br />

abstracting <strong>the</strong> precious fluid. One Avanvhoop. one jump and he had him<br />

by <strong>the</strong> car. one cut and he had <strong>the</strong> trophy in his hands. His friends<br />

persuaded him. as he apparently AVIIS not conscious <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> enormity <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> crime, to take.passage on a boat that AVIIS ready to leave for Buffalo<br />

on <strong>the</strong> next morning. Between <strong>the</strong> IAVO ports he Avorked on shipboard<br />

for nearly tAvo years, but never allowed his feet to touch <strong>the</strong> soil <strong>of</strong><br />

this city, except under cover <strong>of</strong> night. He subsequently moved to<br />

St. Louis. His victim. Lemon, minus one ear, died years ago in<br />

Sandusky.<br />

The effect <strong>of</strong> this transaction AVIIS to ear-lt'iiioniitc <strong>the</strong> thief.<br />

On <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> February. 1914, <strong>the</strong> Register contained a biographical<br />

sketch <strong>of</strong> George R. Peck, <strong>the</strong> fourth vice president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pennsylvania<br />

Railroad Compiirry-^who AVIIS born July 10, 1858, at Sandusky.

464 HISTORY-OF ERIE'COUNTY<br />

George II. Peeke was born in Rotterdam, Schenectady County,<br />

-March 18, IH'.V.i, <strong>of</strong> Holland Dutch stock with an ancestry noted for<br />

longevity, having a maternal grandmo<strong>the</strong>r who lived to he nearly a<br />

century. His fa<strong>the</strong>r's name was Christopher H. Peeke.<br />

Early in lite Rev. Mr. Peeke became ambitious for an education<br />

and fitted for college under an old Holland-Dutch preacher named<br />

Jukes, whose frequent quotation was that be had never feared <strong>the</strong>. face<br />

<strong>of</strong> clay.<br />

Mr. Peeke graduated from Rutgers College in 1857 and from <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>ological seminary in I860. His first church was at South Bend,<br />

[ndiaiiM, where Vice President Colfax, <strong>the</strong>n just beginning bis political<br />

career, was one <strong>of</strong> bis deacons, aud <strong>the</strong> first wife <strong>of</strong> .Mr. Colfax was an<br />

intimate friends-<strong>of</strong> -MY. and Mm. Peeke.<br />

On bis mo<strong>the</strong>r's side be was related to <strong>the</strong> Mabics, <strong>of</strong> whom I he<br />

author, Hamilton \V. Mahie, was a member.<br />

The old Maine homestead, built in l(if)7, is still standing near bis<br />

birthplace.<br />

His active ministry covered fifty-five years with prominent churches<br />

in Mrooklyn, New York, .Jersey City, Xew Jersey, Chicago, Illinois,<br />

Davenport, Town,-Cleveland, Ohio, and Sandusky. He bad greal pulpit<br />

ability and more than average success as a pastor with a record covering<br />

n long pastorate, which few ministers have obtained. The book, "Who's<br />

Who" for 1!M5, contains a biographical sketch <strong>of</strong> Mr. Peeke.<br />

He was <strong>the</strong> first clergyman in Sandusky to advocate <strong>the</strong> prohibition<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> liquor Iraf'fic.<br />

Grace A. Peeke, <strong>the</strong> daughter <strong>of</strong> George II. Peeke ami 'largaret B.<br />

Peeke, was undoubtedly possessed <strong>of</strong> life brightest mind <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir six<br />

children. At <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> sixteen for over a year she conducted a column<br />

in-<strong>the</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong> Enquirer in Hie woman's department. She died at<br />

<strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> twenty-two in consequence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mistaken notion that it was<br />

her duty to make <strong>the</strong> world better, and she <strong>the</strong>refore sacrificed her life<br />

;is a trained mrrse in <strong>the</strong> Post Graduate Hospital in New York City,<br />

where she contracted diseases from which she died September 25, 1801.<br />

A poem <strong>of</strong> hers is here copied, which was written at <strong>the</strong> age <strong>of</strong> sixteen :<br />

THE MODKRX GIRL,<br />

By Grace A. Peeke<br />

From her cloudy, fluffy bang,<br />

To her tiny boots thai clang<br />

'Neath <strong>the</strong> stylish skirts, that bang<br />

With a swirl.<br />

She s a creature far too good<br />

For our daily, common food,<br />

The anti<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dude—<br />

The modern girl.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

With her upturned pansy face,<br />

And her scintillating grace,,<br />

And her rosy lips that trace<br />

A pouting curl;<br />

With her figure trim and neat,<br />

And her hands and waist petite,<br />

She's a picture, "Oh, so sweet!"<br />

The modern girl<br />

An aristocratic pug ,<br />

By a silken cord she '11 tug,<br />

And a paint brush at a jug<br />

She can.hurl;<br />

And she can talk a little, slang,<br />

And <strong>the</strong> banjo deftly twang<br />

Till it gives her friends a pang—<br />

The modern girl.<br />

Like an angel she can dance,<br />

And <strong>the</strong> vapid dudes entrance<br />

With her sly, coquettish glance<br />

In <strong>the</strong> whirl;<br />

She can warble like a lark,<br />

And <strong>the</strong> gaping crowds remark,<br />

As she gallops In <strong>the</strong> park—<br />

"The modern girl."<br />

To <strong>the</strong> tony church she goes,<br />

And she bows her dainty nose,<br />

While she ponders o'er <strong>the</strong> woes<br />

Of <strong>the</strong> world;<br />

Then she elevates her chin,<br />

As she takes <strong>the</strong> bonnets in,<br />

Never thinking this a sin—<br />

The modern girl.<br />

On a sullry summer's day<br />

Tn <strong>the</strong> foaming surf she'll play,<br />

And her bathing suit <strong>of</strong> gray<br />

She'll unfurl;<br />

She'll recline upon <strong>the</strong> sand<br />

And her parasol expand,<br />

To display her jeweled hand—<br />

The modern girl.

466 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Then at length <strong>the</strong> season's past,<br />

And she's bagged her game at last,<br />

For <strong>the</strong> parson's chained her fast<br />

To a churl;<br />

He is rich, and all is well,<br />

Has a title, so <strong>the</strong>y tell,<br />

Which he needs to ring Ibis belle—<br />

The modern girl.<br />

This poem was copied by <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cincinnati</strong> Enquirer, <strong>the</strong> New /York<br />

Tribune, <strong>the</strong> Chicago Times and o<strong>the</strong>r papers.<br />

Margaret B. Peeke, <strong>the</strong> wife <strong>of</strong> George II. Peeke, was born at Schuylerville,<br />

April 8, .18138. Her maiden name was Peck and her mo<strong>the</strong>r was<br />

a Benedict, <strong>the</strong> sister <strong>of</strong> Chancellor E. C. Benedict, who wrote <strong>the</strong><br />

standard work on Admiralty Law, which is still authority in <strong>the</strong> United<br />

States.<br />

Mrs. Peeke was <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> six children <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> author <strong>of</strong><br />

this work is <strong>the</strong> only one now surviving. Her fa<strong>the</strong>r's name was Garry<br />

Peck, who died at Stillwater, Pennsylvania, when Mrs. Peeke was about<br />

twelve years old. She had a remarkably bright mind and wonderful<br />

conversational ability. Six; was <strong>the</strong> author <strong>of</strong> two books, "Zenia, <strong>the</strong><br />

Vestal," and "Born <strong>of</strong> Flame," published by <strong>the</strong> Lippincotts, which<br />

ran through four editions and was in its time favorably commented on<br />

by <strong>the</strong> reviewers. She also wrote many newspaper articles, and for<br />

several years was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> editors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chicago Alliance, <strong>the</strong> paper<br />

which Ava.s" edited by Rev. David Swing. She had read widely and<br />

traveled much, visiting Europe several times and also Egypt and <strong>the</strong><br />

Holy Land, and departed after a life full <strong>of</strong> experience which had taught<br />

her wisdom. She died November 2, 1908, and toge<strong>the</strong>r with her daughter<br />

Grace lies buried in Pomona, Tennessee.<br />

RESUKOAM<br />

1 shall rise! Not ages hence.<br />

When earth has passed away<br />

In fervent heat; and, like a scroll.<br />

The clouds <strong>of</strong> heaven toge<strong>the</strong>r roll,<br />

Upon <strong>the</strong> final day!<br />

But from this body born <strong>of</strong> earth.<br />

That binds my spirit down,<br />

I shall go forth like bird set free<br />

To brea<strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong> air <strong>of</strong> liberty<br />

T ne'er before have known;<br />

A life as boundless as <strong>the</strong> skies<br />

In realms whose name is Paradise.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 467<br />

RESUKGES<br />

Thou shalt arise! When death's approach<br />

May cause <strong>the</strong> cheek to pale,<br />

With fancies dread, <strong>of</strong> grave and tomb,<br />

Of earthly mold and cheerless gloom,<br />

That <strong>of</strong>t make brave hearts fail;<br />

Then, in an instant, thou shalt see<br />

Through death's wide open door<br />

A glorious world <strong>of</strong> light and hope,<br />

Where every power has perfect scope,<br />

And joy reigns evermore;<br />

And while thou lookest, thou shalt rise,<br />

To taste <strong>the</strong> joys <strong>of</strong> Paradise.<br />

RESURGENT<br />

They shall rise! The world's great, throng,<br />

Through all time's cycles born.<br />

Not one shall fail <strong>of</strong> Easter Life,<br />

Whoe'er has entered earthly strife,<br />

Or fleshly body worn ;<br />

But some shall shrink in fright away<br />

When called to leave <strong>the</strong> home <strong>of</strong> clay,<br />

And o<strong>the</strong>rs baste to go,<br />

And meet <strong>the</strong> Judge <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong>ir life,<br />

Whose eye bath witnessed every strife<br />

And battle here below.<br />

Tis llms two armies shall arise,<br />

To lose or gain a Paradise.<br />

—Mrs. Mttrrjarrt Blboriyood Pcelic.<br />

Lewis II. C Post was in bis day <strong>the</strong> Ward McAllister <strong>of</strong> Sandusky<br />

society. If someone could write a vaudeville sketch with him<br />

us a basis it would surely command <strong>the</strong> applause <strong>of</strong> old residents.<br />

lie was a short man with bald bead on which he usually won;<br />

a. toupee, sandy whiskers, a high feminine voice, heavy body and<br />

short thin legs. 11 is two great traits were an insatiable love <strong>of</strong> gossip<br />

and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> kindest hearts ever placed in a human body. These two<br />

traits got bini into a great deal <strong>of</strong> trouble. His' Fid us Achates was a<br />

clerk also much given to gossip. On one occasion a young lady sent<br />

for <strong>the</strong> clerk and told him her fa<strong>the</strong>r would call and settle with him /or<br />

<strong>the</strong> slanders be bad circulated about her. The clerk went to <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

<strong>of</strong> Lewis Post and told Louie, as he was generally called, that <strong>the</strong> young<br />

lady s fa<strong>the</strong>r was going 1o call and settle with Louie for slandering his<br />

daughter. While Louie could not remember what be had said he judged

468 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

he probably had said something and his conscience troubled him. Accordingly<br />

Louie and his clerk arranged for a storm signal if <strong>the</strong> irate<br />

fa<strong>the</strong>r hove in sight. A little later this appeared and when <strong>the</strong> irate<br />

fa<strong>the</strong>r appeared Louie and <strong>the</strong> clerk had disappeared and <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r sat<br />

down to wait to execute venegance on <strong>the</strong> clerk and in ignorance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

deception practiced on Louie. To him <strong>the</strong>n and <strong>the</strong>re appeared <strong>the</strong><br />

devil in <strong>the</strong> shape <strong>of</strong> Louie's dearest enemy and social rival who suggested<br />

<strong>the</strong>y could not be far away as <strong>the</strong>ir hals and coats were still hanging<br />

on <strong>the</strong> hook. A pull on a closet door was resisted by about five horsepower,<br />

resulting in Louie, being pulled out into <strong>the</strong> room ejaculating,<br />

"Oh dear Mr. I will never talk about your daugltfer again,"<br />

which he was solemnly warned not to do.<br />

About <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> this occurrence one <strong>of</strong> Louie's friends said to him,<br />

"Now Louie that ought teach you a lesson, this makes three times you<br />

have been thrashed for slandering women." In his high feminine voice<br />

Louie replied, "No it aint, only twice."<br />

He <strong>of</strong>ten promised his friends to remember <strong>the</strong>m in his will and<br />

several times drew Avills doing so, though not <strong>the</strong> last.<br />

He never married, hut left behind him many friends who were sorry<br />

he was gone.<br />

On one occasion when <strong>the</strong> militia was drilling on Washington Square<br />

<strong>the</strong> company had succeeded in getting possession <strong>of</strong> a lot <strong>of</strong> Shakespearian'<br />

costumes belonging to a stranded troupe <strong>of</strong> actors and appeared clad in<br />

<strong>the</strong>se costumes, much to <strong>the</strong> disgust <strong>of</strong> old Capt. Leicester Walker. Joseph<br />

Root, <strong>the</strong>n a young man, had been unable to procure one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se costumes,<br />

but in order to be in line he had sewed a large piece <strong>of</strong> red flannel<br />

on <strong>the</strong> scat <strong>of</strong> his pants. He was <strong>the</strong>n very large and fleshy and <strong>the</strong> flannel<br />

occupied a conspicuous position, as Mr. Root Avore a "roundabout."<br />

Captain Walker drilled his men unmercifully for a while and <strong>the</strong>n<br />

marched <strong>the</strong> company down to a house on Columbus Avenue, where a<br />

young lady at that time resided that Mr. Root Avas very sweet on. She<br />

sat looking out <strong>the</strong> window. The company was hailed so Root was<br />

directly in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avindow. The captain gave <strong>the</strong> order, "Front<br />

face," which brought <strong>the</strong> red patch directly in <strong>the</strong> girl's view. He <strong>the</strong>n<br />

ordered "About face" and kept turning <strong>the</strong> soldier round and round<br />

until <strong>the</strong> girl left <strong>the</strong> window and later Mr. Root.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pleasnntest memories <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> writer is <strong>the</strong> personality <strong>of</strong><br />

old Judge Ebenezer Sadler. For many years bis law <strong>of</strong>fice stood next<br />

north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building now occupied by Miss von Sick as a millinery<br />

shop on Jackson Street, where <strong>the</strong> Ogontz garage stood. The <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

building was removed to <strong>the</strong> lot east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bouse now occupied by<br />

Doctor Blakeslee, where it, is still standing.<br />

Tn thai <strong>of</strong>fice building for a quarter <strong>of</strong> a century <strong>the</strong> old judge lived<br />

and slept and transacted his business, lie lost his wife in <strong>the</strong> early<br />

'50s, and true to her memory, he never cared to remarry. lie was always<br />

fond <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ladies and in <strong>the</strong> season he cultivated a beautiful 'flower<br />

garden, and it was one <strong>of</strong> his greatest pleasures to give <strong>the</strong> flowers he<br />

bad raised to <strong>the</strong> ladies, both young and old. which be knew and admired.

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 469<br />

He Avas deeply grounded in legal principles and his career as a<br />

judge was so creditable that when he left <strong>the</strong> bench <strong>the</strong> bar <strong>of</strong> Toledo,<br />

including at that time Morrison" R. Waite, afterwards chief justice <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Supreme Court <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States, unanimously signed a testimonial<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir appreciation <strong>of</strong> his courtesy and judicial abilities. lie<br />

was singularly kind to young lawyers and at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> his death had<br />

long been an ornament to <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>ession to which he had given his<br />

active life. There has been none at <strong>the</strong> bar more deeply missed or<br />

greatly mourned, than Judge Sadler in <strong>the</strong> last generation.<br />

Rev. Josiah Strong, who wrote <strong>the</strong> book, "Our Country," after he<br />

left Sandusky, frequently made <strong>the</strong> statement that he preached <strong>the</strong><br />

entire book in different lectures to <strong>the</strong> membership <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congregational<br />

Church in Sandusky and <strong>the</strong>y went dead.<br />

William Townsend was <strong>the</strong> first and only merchant AVIIO patronized<br />

<strong>the</strong> "Clarion" by advertising. His store was a small building on<br />

Water Street nearly opposite <strong>the</strong> Colton House and for many years<br />

forming part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Sandusky, Dayton and <strong>Cincinnati</strong> Railroad<br />

depot, until it was torn down in 1865. He built a small clock opposite<br />

his store which is now part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Big Four dock. He lived in a frame<br />

house on Lawrence Street a little south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Colton House. He had<br />

a habit <strong>of</strong> building new houses out <strong>of</strong> several old ones. Some wag discovered<br />

that his house was made up <strong>of</strong> as many separate houses as he<br />

had daughters in his family, and for several years whenever he bought<br />

an old house his neighbors would enquire after <strong>the</strong> health <strong>of</strong> his family.<br />

A brief biographical sketch <strong>of</strong> Hudson Tuttle, <strong>the</strong> prominent writer<br />

on spiritualism, will be found in <strong>the</strong> second volume, and some mention<br />

is also made in <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> Berlin Township.<br />

0. J. Victor, <strong>the</strong> newspaper writer, was connected with <strong>the</strong> Register<br />

from 1851 to 1857. He went to New York where he achie\ r ed a high<br />

'standing. He wrote a life on Lincoln, a book on <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> New York, a<br />

history <strong>of</strong> American conspiracy from which Horace Greeley largely took<br />

bis history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "American Conflict." His sister, Meta Victoria Victor,<br />

wrote many stories for Godey's Magazine, a magazine which was published<br />

up 1o about, 1864 and was a great favorite with our mo<strong>the</strong>rs and<br />

grandmo<strong>the</strong>rs. She wrote; a continued story in Godey's Magazine,<br />

entitled "Miss Sliinmen's Window," <strong>the</strong> heroine <strong>of</strong> which was a milliner<br />

who was supposed to look out from <strong>the</strong> millinery shop Avindow and fish<br />

for men. A Miss Quick, who in those days kept a millinery shop on <strong>the</strong><br />

present site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> post<strong>of</strong>h'ce, conceived <strong>the</strong> idea that, <strong>the</strong> story was<br />

written especially for her benefit.<br />

The Register <strong>of</strong> October 12, 1908, contains a sketch <strong>of</strong> Eugene<br />

Walter, <strong>the</strong> author <strong>of</strong> "The Easiest Way" and several o<strong>the</strong>r plays.<br />

Many Sanduskians will remember him as a little freckle-faced boy, whose<br />

fa<strong>the</strong>r was proprietor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sloane House for several years and who<br />

removed from here to Cleveland.<br />

Just as <strong>the</strong> 14th <strong>of</strong> June, 1899, came 1o an end William T. West.<br />

closed his career. lie was eighty-four years <strong>of</strong> age. He used to boast<br />

that fifty cents covered <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> his education received at <strong>the</strong> old dis-

470 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

Irict school in Massachusetts. He frequently said, "We are all creatures<br />

<strong>of</strong> circumstance," and illustrated it by his own career. He<br />

came to Buffalo to go to <strong>Cincinnati</strong> or Columbus. By mistake his<br />

baggage was put on <strong>the</strong> Sandusky boat. lie discovered <strong>the</strong> error and<br />

jumped <strong>of</strong>t' <strong>the</strong> dock and swam 1o <strong>the</strong> boat and came to Sandusky<br />

because <strong>the</strong> captain would not return and put him and his luggage<br />

ashore. lie was a. cabinet maker and later engaged in business with<br />

great success, lie had some eccentricities, one <strong>of</strong> which was he never<br />

wore an overcoat.<br />

He was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>- few old residents <strong>of</strong> Sandusky who conveyed an<br />

impression <strong>of</strong> strong individuality. He was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>, few progressive<br />

men that Sandusky has had. He had 1 lie contract to furnish <strong>the</strong> timber<br />

for <strong>the</strong> prison on Johnson's Island, lie joined heartily in <strong>the</strong> movement<br />

to locate <strong>the</strong> state penitentiary at Sandusky <strong>of</strong>fering to furnish<br />

building stone at low figures as an inducement, lie built <strong>the</strong> West<br />

Mouse in <strong>the</strong> '50s when he was at least twenty years ahead <strong>of</strong> his time,<br />

and followed it up by building <strong>the</strong> Mahala Block in his old age, which<br />

was later destroyed by fire. He delighted to tell stories <strong>of</strong> early days in<br />

Sandusky. One <strong>of</strong> his pet stories was <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> later families <strong>of</strong><br />

Hebrew origin who became ashamed <strong>of</strong> it and changed <strong>the</strong>ir name to<br />

conceal <strong>the</strong> fact. His story was that <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>n head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family died<br />

shortly after his arrival and <strong>the</strong> first job .Mr. West had after his arrival<br />

in Sandusky was to make a c<strong>of</strong>fin for <strong>the</strong> deceased. Mr. West had been<br />

a carpenter and joiner by trade and readily undertook <strong>the</strong> task. He<br />

made <strong>the</strong> c<strong>of</strong>fin long enough and wide enough but not dee]) enough so<br />

that at <strong>the</strong> conclusion <strong>of</strong> 1 he funeral services where he acted as undertaker<br />

and after <strong>the</strong> relatives had viewed <strong>the</strong> remains when he started<br />

1o put on <strong>the</strong> lid be learned for <strong>the</strong> first time that <strong>the</strong> nose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corpse<br />

protruded above <strong>the</strong> side line. "But" he said, "It was no time to<br />

hesitate. I bore on with my knee and"screwed her down. I could feel<br />

<strong>the</strong> bones <strong>of</strong> his beak crunch, but I screwed her down just <strong>the</strong> same."<br />

He had some amusing stories he used to tell about <strong>the</strong> Sons <strong>of</strong> Malta,<br />

a fake secret society which had a great run through th • United States<br />

and struck Sandusky in <strong>the</strong> early '50s. The society was said to have<br />

been organized by George Prentiss at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> an epidemic <strong>of</strong> yellow<br />

fever in Memphis, Tennessee, for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> distracting <strong>the</strong> oopular<br />

mind from <strong>the</strong>ir peril. The object <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society was represented as<br />

<strong>the</strong> capture <strong>of</strong> Hie Island <strong>of</strong> Cuba, and for that purpose <strong>the</strong> candidate<br />

was examined as to his qualifications as a recruit for such an expedition.<br />

The initiation consisted <strong>of</strong> two parts, <strong>the</strong> first <strong>of</strong> which was<br />

solemn and designed to impress <strong>the</strong> candidate. He was ushered into<br />

a darkened room, lighted only by blue lights with an open c<strong>of</strong>fin<br />

in <strong>the</strong> midst guarded by four ghostly figures in long monkish robes<br />

solemnly waving <strong>the</strong>ir arms above <strong>the</strong> c<strong>of</strong>fin. An organ played solemn<br />

music while a deep bell tolled, while <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> room were crowded<br />

with figures in <strong>the</strong> same ghostly attire. Not a word was spoken, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> candidate was escorted buck to Hie anteroom and blindfolded and<br />

<strong>the</strong>n brought back to t he lodgeroom to be put through a hoaxing degree

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY 471<br />

so complete that none ever detected <strong>the</strong> hoax till <strong>the</strong> blindfold was<br />

removed. In order to drown <strong>the</strong> laughter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> members, chains were<br />

dragged and various sound stifling devices used. The head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lodge<br />

was supposed to lie a man <strong>of</strong> deep and impressive voice'for <strong>the</strong> purpose<br />

oi' <strong>the</strong> ritual. Early in <strong>the</strong> initiation <strong>the</strong> candidate was asked if he could<br />

write his name-in <strong>the</strong> dark and on his doing so he would discover three<br />

or four days later when a bill was presented to him that he had signed<br />

an order for various solid and liquid refreshments.<br />

The routine <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> initiation proceeded as follows, for example,<br />

<strong>the</strong> commander would inquire <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> candidate if he would be willing<br />

in order to procure information from <strong>the</strong> enemy, to lie on his stomach<br />

and steal into his camp by night. The candidate would <strong>of</strong> course answer,<br />

"yes." The lodge would repeat, in unison, "The candidate Avill lie<br />

and steal." The commander in his'ponderous voice would say, "Let<br />

it be recorded that <strong>the</strong> candidate will lie and steal."<br />

At ano<strong>the</strong>r place in <strong>the</strong> initiation a gigantic sponge was provided<br />

and as Hie blindfolded candidate stood before <strong>the</strong> commander and <strong>the</strong><br />

rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lodge, at intervals during <strong>the</strong> ritual, <strong>the</strong> commander would<br />

ask in his majestic way, '"'How many feet <strong>of</strong> water in <strong>the</strong> grand tank,"<br />

<strong>the</strong> member having <strong>the</strong> sponge in charge would lift it from <strong>the</strong> tub<br />

and allow <strong>the</strong> water to run out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sponge and reply, "One foot,"<br />

<strong>the</strong>n "Two feet," and so on until ten feet was announced. Later <strong>the</strong><br />

command would be given, "Let <strong>the</strong> candidate be emersed in <strong>the</strong> grand<br />

tank," and <strong>the</strong> blindfolded candidate would be taken up to <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong><br />

a platform and guided down <strong>the</strong> incline plane until he .landed in a<br />

sitting position on top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sponge, where he would strike out to swim.<br />

much to <strong>the</strong> delight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> assembled members.<br />

At ano<strong>the</strong>r place in <strong>the</strong> ritual-<strong>the</strong> candidate was asked if he had any<br />

precious stones concealed about his person, <strong>the</strong> candidate would answer<br />

"No," <strong>the</strong> lodge would repeat in unison, "The candidate has no stones."<br />

The commander would announce, "Let it be recorded that <strong>the</strong> candidate<br />

has no stones."<br />

A strong endeavor was made to impress on <strong>the</strong> candidate's mind <strong>the</strong><br />

presence <strong>of</strong> one or more clergymen or prominent citizens for whom <strong>the</strong><br />

candidate was supposed to have great respect.<br />

Whenever a man <strong>of</strong> unusual physical strength was initiated a stool<br />

pigeon was initiated at <strong>the</strong> same time. On one such occasion <strong>the</strong> stool<br />

pigeon stood at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> a file <strong>of</strong> candidates next to a man <strong>of</strong> great<br />

reputation for courage. All were blindfolded. After being conducted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> hall <strong>the</strong> candidates were told to count ten. The stool pigeon in<br />

a loud voice called "One," he was gently reprimanded by <strong>the</strong> commander<br />

and again asked to count. Again in" a louder tone he cried"<br />

"One," more severely be was reprimanded again by <strong>the</strong> commander<br />

and again asked to count, and again in a loud voice he cried "One." He<br />

was now solemnly warned that ano<strong>the</strong>r repetition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fense would<br />

cause him to be brought before <strong>the</strong> grand council <strong>of</strong> ten. He again<br />

cried in a loud tone "One," and immediately with great force be was<br />

torn away from <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> courageous candidate crying at <strong>the</strong> top

472 HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY<br />

<strong>of</strong> his voice "Mercy." A clanking <strong>of</strong> chains succeeded and at a little<br />

distance a fainter cry for mercy. A little fur<strong>the</strong>r and <strong>the</strong> cry almost<br />

died away and <strong>the</strong>n ceased after which <strong>the</strong> candidate was hazed to <strong>the</strong><br />

content <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lodge.<br />

With this sketch <strong>of</strong> A man wjio served his generation well according<br />

to his light, let this record end.

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