Grounding Products and Systems - Elec.ru

Grounding Productsand SystemsFacility Electrical Protection

Founded in 1903 as the Electric Railway Improvement Company, ERICO developed theCADWELD ® exothermic welding process in 1938. CADWELD connections have foundindustry-wide acceptance as the ultimate electrical connection. During the 1970s, ERICO pioneeredthe development and standardization of the copperbonded steel groundingelectrode. Since that time, ERICO’s dominance as the world’s leading supplier of grounding productshas seen its expansion into many related industries.Facility Electrical ProtectionDivisionLightning protection, grounding, equipotential bonding andsurge protection are all interdependent disciplines, and the focusof our Facility Electrical Protection division. Reliable protection ofstructures, industrial and commercial operations and personnel,demands a systematic and comprehensive approach tominimizing threats caused by transients.For instance, no air terminal can safely capture and arrest thelightning energy without adependable route to ground.Equally, even the most expensiveSurge Protection Device (SPD) willnot provide optimum protection ifa low impedance electricalconnection to the ground is notprovided. The solution does notstop here - a low impedanceground system may create hazardsto equipment and personnel alike ifequipotential bonding practices arenot followed. Theseinterdependent disciplines are bestapplied when looking at a totalfacility rather than an individualpiece of equipment or portion ofthe facility. Our team of qualifiedapplications engineers is here tohelp you with such challenges.Noting that there is no singletechnology that can eliminate theharmful effects of lightning or induced surge transients, ERICOInc. has developed the Six Point Protection Plan. The conceptbehind this plan is to prompt the user to consider a holistic andcoordinated approach to lightning protection, one embracing allaspects of potential damage. This ranges from the more obviousdirect strike to the more subtle mechanisms of differential earthpotential rises and voltage induction at service entry points. Thesix interdependent disciplines that form the protection plan are:1. Capture the lightning strike to a known and preferredattachment point2. Safely convey this energy to the ground3. Dissipate energy into the grounding system4. Bond all ground points together5. Protect incoming AC power feeders6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunications circuitsAt ERICO, we offer more than just the best range ofgrounding and bonding products available. We offer engineeringexperience and technical supportthat is second to none in theindustry.With this experience, ERICOis a world leading authority inthe design and construction ofpermanent, low impedance,grounding systems.ERICO’s quality assuranceprogram, ensures that detailedprocedures required for every stepof operation, including design,materials procurement,manufacturing, installation andtesting, produce the best possiblesystem for our clients.Our research and developmentcapabilities provide continuousdesign improvement with newand improved products that preemptthe challengingrequirements of ever evolving industry applications. Engineeringexpertise is shared among the other ERICO operations worldwide,to provide the most comprehensive knowledge pool in the field.Our commitment to providing cost-effective, permanentsolutions for our customers is enhanced by on-site services, suchas providing advice in choosing the right product for the job andcomprehensive site surveys.

Table of ContentsGrounding Principles....................................................................................................................2Introduction..............................................................................................................................3Grounding Principles..........................................................................................................4 - 7Ground System ComponentsGround Conductors....................................................................................................................8Grounding Clamps and Connectors.....................................................................................9 – 11Ground Electrodes............................................................................................................ 12 – 17Ground Electrodes and Accessories...................................................................................18 – 30Equipotential BondingIntroduction..............................................................................................................................31Equipment Ground Bars................................................................................................... 32 – 37Perimeter Bus System................................................................................................................38Equipment Ground Plates................................................................................................. 39 – 40Aircraft Receptacles.................................................................................................................. 41Transient Earth Clamp/Joint Protector....................................................................................... 42Signal Reference Grid (SRG)..............................................................................................43 – 46Signal Reference Grids & Grounding.........................................................................................47Equipotential Mesh / Mats................................................................................................48 – 52Temporary Protective Grounding Jumpers................................................................................. 53Bonding Devices............................................................................................................... 54 – 55Temporary Protective Grounding Jumpers................................................................................. 56Fence Post & Gate Grounding.......................................................................................... 57 – 59Static Grounding and BondingStatic Grounding & Bonding Components................................................................................ 60Static Grounding Conductors....................................................................................................61Static Grounding Conductors & Clamps....................................................................................62Static Grounding Clamps..................................................................................................63 – 64Static Grounding Components..........................................................................................65 – 66Ground TestingGround Test Equipment.................................................................................................... 67 – 68Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical Section.............................................................................................................. 69 – 80Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com1

Grounding PrinciplesIntroductionGrounding and bonding are an integral part of any modernelectrical protection system design.An effective, low-impedance ground system is a keyelement of this system. It is crucial in ensuring personnelsafety, as well as providing reliable protection for vitalequipment and to minimize interruptions of service andcostly downtime.With almost a century of experience in the design andmanufacture of bonding and grounding products, ERICO ® ,a single source provider, offers what we believe is the bestrange of long lasting and cost-effective grounding productsavailable.The following pages of this catalog detail these productsand their respective applications.DefinitionsGround: A conducting connection, whetherintentional or accidental, between an electrical circuit orequipment and the earth, or to some conducting bodythat serves in place of the earth.The need to ground!There are important reasons why a grounding system should be installed.1 The most important reason is to protect people!2 Protection of structures and equipment from unintentional contact with liveconductors.3 Ensure maximum safety from electrical system faults and lightning.Figure 1.Earth: The conductive mass of the earth, whoseelectric potential at any point is conventionally taken asequal to zero. (In some countries the term "ground" isused instead of "earth.")Figure 2.Bonding: The permanent joining of metallic parts toform an electrically conductive path that will ensureelectrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safelyany current likely to be imposed.It is a fundamental fact that electricity ALWAYS flows to the point of lowest potential.The task is to ensure that electricity, including faults, lightning and electronic noise,flows to this point with maximum safety to people, while maintaining the reliabilityof equipment. Therefore we must ensure the safe, controlled flow of electricity withminimum voltage drop to earth in all cases.Grounding Codes and StandardsGrounding needs vary according to function. The grounding requirements of a powersystem will vary from those of electrical equipment, lightning protection or for theproper function of electronic equipment.Proper installation of appropriate grounding systems requires knowledge of the needsand layout of the facility. Soil characteristics, grounding conductor materials groundingconnections and terminations, are significant factors determining the design of agrounding system. Applicable standards and codes must be applied.While many codes and standards contain minimum grounding and bondingrequirements, the design and installation of electrical grounding systems is one ofthe most important aspects of any electrical distribution system. However, codes andstandards are often misunderstood and grounding systems subsequently installedimproperly.Figure 3.2 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

IntroductionThe facility electrical ground system must:• Efficiently dissipate lightning surge energy that may arrive via downconductorsof the lightning protection system;• Efficiently dissipate electrical surges and faults to minimize the chancesof injury from either “step potentials” or “touch potentials”;• Provide a stable reference for electrical and RF circuits at the facility tominimize noise during normal operation;• Be properly bonded to provide an equipotential plane under faultconditions;• Be electrically and mechanically robust to assure performance over the“life” of the facility (nominally 40 years from construction date).Applicable Codes and StandardsEuropean American AustralianIEC 10234-1 IEEE Std 80 AS3000--AS2307IEC 61364-5 NFPA 70 (NEC) AS 1768-ENV 61024-1UL 96ABS 1400CSA C22.1-94BS 7430 NFPA 780BS6651 IEEE 837IEEE 1100IEEE 142IEEE 81The primary functions of grounding can be defined as follows:1. Personnel Safety2. Equipment and Building Protection 3. Electrical Noise ReductionAvoid hazardous Step andTouch Potentials (shock) or evendeath by low impedance grounding andbonding between metallic equipment,chassis, piping, and other conductiveobjects so that currents, due to faults orlightning, do not result in hazardousvoltage rise.A direct, low impedancepath to ground and bondingbetween electrical services, protectivedevices, equipment and other conductiveobjects so that faults or lightning currents arequickly dissipated and do not result inhazardous voltages within the building.Proper grounding also facilitates theoperation of over-currentprotective devices.Propergrounding aids in electricalnoise reduction and ensures:1. Minimal impedance between the signalground points throughout the building.2. Minimal voltage potential betweeninterconnected equipment.3. Minimal effect of electrical andmagnetic field coupling.STEP POTENTIALStep Potential is the voltage difference between aperson’s feet caused by the dissipation gradient of afault entering the earth.STEP POTENTIALTOUCH POTENTIALTOUCH POTENTIALTouch Potential is similar to "Step Potential" exceptthat the fault current passes through the person’s armand torso on the way to the ground.Another function of the grounding system is to providea reference for circuit conductors to stabilize theirvoltage to ground during normal operation. The earthitself is not essential to provide a reference function;another suitable inductive body may be used instead.The function of a grounding electrode system and aground terminal is to provide a system of conductors,which ensures electrical contact with the earth.Figure 4. Typically, one meter from a fault entry point, voltage will bereduced by 50%. (e.g. A 1,000 Amp fault in a 5 Ohm grounding systemwill enter the earth at 5,000 volts. At a distance of less than one meteraway, a fatal potential of 2,500 volts will exist).Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com3

Grounding PrinciplesGround ResistanceWhen current flows from a ground electrode intothe surrounding soil, it is often described asflowing through a series of concentric shells ofincreasing diameter.Each successive shell has a greater area forcurrent flow and consequently, lower resistance.At some point distant from the earth conductorthe current dissipation becomes so large andcurrent density so small, that the resistance isnegligible.In theory, the ground resistance may be derivedfrom the general formula:R = P L Resistance = Resistivity x LengthAAreaThis formula illustrates why the shells ofconcentric earth decrease in resistance the fartherthey are from the ground rod:R = Resistivity of Soil xThickness of ShellAreaIn the case of ground resistance, uniform earth(or soil) resistivity throughout the volume isassumed, although this is seldom the case innature. The equations for systems of electrodesare very complex and often expressed only asFigure 5. Sphere of Influence - electrical current flows from the ground rod into surrounding soil and progressively dissipates inwaves of increasing diameter.approximations. The most commonly usedformula for single ground electrode systems,developed by Professor H. R. Dwight of theMassachusetts Institute of Technology, is thefollowing:R = __ ρ {(ln 4L) - 1}2πL rR = resistance in ohms of the ground rodto the earth (or soil)L = grounding electrode lengthr = grounding electrode radiusρ = average resistivity in ohms-cm.Conditions Influencing Soil ResistivityThe resistance of the earth itself (soil resistivity)can significantly impact the overall impedanceof the grounding system. Several factors, suchas soil composition, moisture content, mineralcontent, contaminants, etc., determine theoverall resistivity of the earth (refer Table 1).SOIL TYPEResistivity ohm-cmAverage Min. Max.Fills – ashes, cinders, brine wastes 2,370 590 7,000Clay, shale, gumbo, loam 4,060 340 16,300Clay, shale, gumbo, loam with varyingproportions of sand and gravel15,800 1,020 135,000Gravel, sand, stones, with little clay or loam 94,000 59,000 458,000Soil CompositionSoil types vary in content and consistency. Blackdirt or soils with high organic content, areusually good conductors because they retainhigher moisture levels and have a higherelectrolyte level. Sandy soils, which drain faster,have a much lower moisture content andelectrolyte level. Therefore they have higherimpedance. Solid rock and volcanic ash containvirtually no moisture or electrolytes and hencehigh levels of resistivity.Soils have generally been deposited in layers orstrata. These strata can have different values ofsoil resistivity. By measuring the resistivity of thesoil at varying depths, it is possible to develop aprofile, which can be used to identify the mostappropriate ground electrode design.U.S. Bureau of Standards Technical Report 108Moisture ContentMoisture content has the largest influenceon soil resistivity because it helps chemicalsin the soil that surround ground conductorscarry the electric current. In general, thehigher the moisture content the lower thesoil’s resistivity.Moisture retention can be influenced bylocal climate conditions and electrolyticmechanisms such as mineral content, soilionization, consistent grain size, evendistribution and packing density.Systems designed for areas which typicallyhave very dry soil and arid climates mayneed to use enhancement materials orother means to achieve lower soil resistivity.TemperatureTable 1. Soil Resistivity.High temperatures and drought, ortemperatures below freezing and deepfrosts, can cause high resistivity in soils thathave much lower values in the precedingmonths. When moisture turns to ice,resistivity increases sharply. Areas withregular rainfall and no ground frost aremore likely to have low soil resistivity, incomparison to those regions that are aridor have permafrost.In areas subject to freezing winters drivingthe ground rod below the frost line isnecessary to maintain a low resistivity.4 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Grounding PrinciplesSoil Resistivity TestingTo properly design a grounding system, it is essential to testsoil resistivity. Several methods can he used to measure earthresistivity: the four-point method, the variation in-depthmethod (three-point method) and the two-point method.The most accurate method and the one that ERICO ®recommends is the four-point method.The Four-Point Method1. Four test stakes are positioned in a straight line an equaldistance apart and are hammered into the ground to besurveyed to a depth of not more than 1/20 the distancebetween the adjacent stakes.2. An earth resistance tester is connected to these fourstakes as shown in Figure 6.A Line Traverse Soil Resistivity SurveySoil resistivity levels can vary significantly both with depth, andfrom one point to another on a site, and as such, a single soilresistivity measurement is usually not sufficient. To obtain abetter picture of soil resistivity variations, it is advisable toconduct a detailed survey.The Line Traverse technique is a commonly used method forperforming soil resistivity surveys. In this method imaginaryparallel lines are drawn across the area to be surveyed. Takinga number of measurements along each ‘line’ using differentstake separations provide an indication of how the soilresistivity varies with depth, while measurements taken alongdifferent lines provide an indication of how the resistivitychanges across the site.3. The DC test option on the tester is then selected andperformed, and the resistance figure "R" recorded.4. The soil resistivity level "r" (in ohms/cm) is then calculatedusing the formula: r=2paR where:R = the resistance figure, in ohmsa = the separation of the test stakes, in meters.p =4πAR1 + 2A - 2A√ (A 2 + 4B 2 ) √ (A 2 + 4B 2 )Where:A = distance between the electrodes in centimetersB = electrode depth in centimetersIf A > 20 B, the formula becomes:p = 2π AR (with A in cm)p = 191.5 AR (with A in feet)p = Soil resistivity (ohm-cm)This value is average resistivity of the ground at a depthequivalent to the distance “A” between two electrodes.Figure 7. Performing a Line Traverse survey. A commonly used method for soil resistivitysurvey work.≤Figure 6.Measuring Soil Resistivity using the “Four-Point” Method.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com5

Grounding PrinciplesTypes of Grounding SystemsThe basic philosophy of any ground electrode installation should be anattempt to maximize the surface area contact with the surroundingsoil. Not only does this help to lower the resistance of the groundingsystem, but it also greatly improves the surge impedance of thegrounding system due to the large capacitive coupling which isachieved.The actual layout of the grounding system, and the number, lengthand depth of ground rods will vary with the usages, type of soil andspace availability. Some common designs include:Single Ground RodOne single ground electrode may be sufficient for anelectrical installation in a built up area where the localsupply authority utilizes a multiple or common multipleearth neutral (MEN or CMEN) system. However, it maynot provide an adequately low impedance for lightningcurrent injection.Single Strip End ConnectedThis is a common option for installations where, becauseof rock, driving an electrode is impractical. It is notrecommended for lightning protection systems as thereis only one path. Very high ground voltages will beexperienced at the injection point.Single Strip Center ConnectedSince the connection to the strip is at the center, anyfault/injection current travels in two directions. This layouthas lower impedance, but it is generally not adequate forlightning protection systems.Radial Grounding, Single RadialsA design that is well suited to lightning protection inareas of medium resistivity. The radials can run to 100feet in length.Radial Grounding, Multiple RadialsCrows foot design. Well suited to lightning as it allowsenergy to diverge as each conductor takes a share of thecurrent, offering a lower impedance. Voltage gradientsleading away from the injection point will be lower, reducingdanger from step potentials.Equipotential Mesh ElectrodesMinimize the risk of step and touch potential hazard bypositioning a mat and bonding it to the structure oroperating handle at locations where personnel may berequired to operate switchgear or stand in the course oftheir duties. Low ground impedance.Grid ElectrodesGrounding for installations where there is concentrationof electrical equipment, such as electrical substations,are often designed to meet a specific value of resistance(typically 1 ohm). Under fault conditions, a grid candissipate currents over a large area.Grid with Ground RodsIt may be advantageous to add ground rods to the grid.In doing so, it may be possible to access a low resistivitysoil layer. Care must be taken to ensure each ground rodis spaced at least twice the installation depth.Ring ElectrodeInstallations, including communications huts, pad mounttransformers and fences surrounding high voltageinstallations, are generally surrounded by a ground ring.This practice also reduces the hazard of step and touchpotential.Figure 8.6 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Grounding PrinciplesGround / Earthing System DesignGrounding systems are important. It is not expensive to build anappropriate ground system during initial construction of a facility, butit can be very expensive to add to it, enhance it, or replace it after thefacility is complete. Care should be taken to design a system that isappropriate both for clearing ground faults and dissipating lightningenergy. The system must have a long performance life, meet applicablecodes / standards for safety, and have sufficient bonding points tomake it easy to add new equipment / facility grounding to it easily.Design considerations include:• Purpose of facility• Design life of facility• Soil resistivity at 3 depths• Corrosive nature of soil• Shape and available area of facility site• Existing structures and their grounding systems• Seasonal variations in moisture and temperature for facility site• Public access & personnel use• Adjacent facilities and electrical systems• Future uses, additions, equipment for facilityFor proper operation of overcurrent devices, it is important to have alow DC ohmic resistance to remote earth. In many instances, this isbest achieved by installing a deep ground electrode on site. It shouldbe driven deep enough to reach the permanent water table.For dissipation of direct or indirect lightning currents, it is better tohave many horizontal ground conductors in the soil, preferably in aradial array. This provides a low impedance path of dissipation to thehigh frequency component of the lightning energy.For safety of personnel, particularly where people congregate orwhere equipment operators will be located, it is important to have agrid system or other equipotential plane to reduce "step potential"and have equipment and metal structures bonded to the groundsystem to reduce "touch potential".A proper facility grounding system incorporates these necessities inthe most cost-effective manner that will last for the design life of thefacility.ERICO ® is a manufacturer and marketer of grounding, bonding,lightning protection and surge protection products and systems.ERICO has many knowledgeable and experienced engineers on staffwith the training and the tools (including some of the latest designsoftware) to design appropriate grounding systems. These engineerscan assist facility owners, engineers and contractors in designing themost appropriate system for the facility in question.Grounding Chain• Grounding Electrode Conductor• Grounding Connections• Grounding Electrode• Electrode to Soil Resistance• SoilThe Grounding ChainThe performance of the grounding system is determined by the qualityof the following five components all of which are of equal importance.1. The Grounding Electrode Conductor. Typically made from copperor copper-clad steel, the grounding electrode conductor must belarge enough to withstand the maximum available fault currentover the maximum clearing time.2. The Grounding Connections. Often overlooked, the groundingconnections are used to tie the elements of the electrode systemtogether. Exothermically welded connections provide a molecularbond that will never loosen or corrode. Mechanical connectors,such as crimp, bolted, and wedge type, rely on physical point-topointsurface contact to maintain the integrity of the electricalconnection. IEEE Standard 837 provides detailed information onthe application and testing of permanent grounding connections.ERICO can provide an independent, third-party test reportevaluating the performance of these connectors in accordancewith the testing procedures set forth in IEEE 837 Standard forQualifying Permanent Substation Grounding Connections.3. The Grounding Electrode. The grounding electrode provides thephysical connection to the earth and is the instrument used todissipate current into it. There are two main types of electrodes."Natural" electrodes are intrinsic to the facility and include metalunderground water pipe, the metal frame of the building (ifeffectively grounded), and reinforcing bar in concrete foundations."Made" electrodes are installed specifically to improve theperformance of the ground system and include wire meshes,metallic plates, buried copper conductor and rods or pipes driveninto the ground. The ground rod is the most widely usedelectrode.4. Electrode to Soil Resistance. Amount of rod surface and rodreplacement are the controlling factors. Doubling diameter reducesresistance by only 10% and is not cost effective. Doubling rodlength, however, theoretically reduces resistance by 40%. Themost common solution is proper placement of multiple rods thatare driven to the required depths.5. The Soil. The soil resistivity, measured in ohm-centimeters or ohmmeters,plays a significant role in determining the overallperformance of the grounding system and must be known beforea proper grounding system can be engineered. Measuring soilresistivity allows the design engineer to locate an area with themost conductive soil and to determine the depth of theconductive soil so that electrodes can be placed accordingly.The grounding system will carry little or no current for long periods oftime until a fault occurs or a lightning strike or other transient requiresdissipation. At that point, the grounding system components will beexpected to perform like new while conducting large amounts ofcurrent. Most of the grounding system is concealed below grade,making inspection of the grounding components difficult orimpossible. The underground environment is a harsh one. The initialselection of the components used in the grounding system is of criticalimportance to its long-term effectiveness.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com7

Ground System ComponentsGround ConductorsConductorsThere are two basic criteria for groundingconductor selection:1. The physical characteristics of the conductormust be of a robust nature, sufficient forthe environment.2. The cross sectional area of the conductormust be of sufficient size, so that it shallsuccessfully conduct the maximum fault(surge) current for a period, which allowsthe operation of protection equipment (orthe dissipation of this energy).Physical CharacteristicsThe most common ground conductor is a soft drawn, stranded copper conductor.Flat copper strip / tape is also popular because it offers a large surface area. When siteconditions are corrosive towards copper (eg. sulphurous soil), a tinned copper conductoris often the first choice.In some circumstances, the maximum fault current for the installation is small. While aconductor of correspondingly small size could be used, a minimum cross section, oftenset by the governing authority or applicable Standards body (to minimize potentialdamage likely to occur from any future excavation on the site), is applied.Maximum Fault CurrentWhere higher fault conditions exist, the conductor size is determined by considering thecircumstances required to avoid fusing (melting) the conductor. The accepted industryStandard is IEEE 80, Guide for Safety in Substation Grounding.ERITECH ® Flat Strip Ground Conductor• Pure electrolytic copper• Low impedance• Lower impedance than equivalent sized round conductorPart Description DimensionsNo. H (in.) W (in.) L (ft.)A811A26F20 Copper Strip, roll .0159 2 20A811A26F50 Copper Strip, roll .0159 2 50A811A26F500 Copper Strip, roll .0159 2 500A811C20F100 Copper Strip, roll .032 3 100A811K26F100 Copper Strip, roll .0159 6 100A811K20F100 Copper Strip, roll .032 6 100Also available tin platedERITECH Ground Conductor• Pure electrolytic copperPart No. Part Number Wire Size Type Description(100 Ft. Reel) (250 Ft. Reel)A809A07F100 A809A07F250 #2 Solid BareA809A06F100 A809A06F250 #4 Solid BareA809A04F100 A809A04F250 #6 Solid BareA809A07TF100 A809A07TF250 #2 Solid Bare TinnedA809A02F100 A809A02F250 #2 7 Strand BareA809A01F100 A809A01F250 #4 7 Strand BareA809A024F100 A809A024F250 #6 7 Strand BareA819A02F100 A819A02F250 #2 7 Strand THW insulationA819A03F100 A819A03F250 #4 7 Strand THW insulationA819A04F100 A819A04F250 #6 7 Strand THW insulation8 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGrounding Clamps and ConnectorsERITECH ® Ground Clamps• For use with copperbonded ground rods.• Suitable for direct burial.Bronze Standard DutyPart Conductor RodNo. Range SizeERITECH Split Bolts - Silicon BronzePart No.Wire RangeCP38 10 Sol.- 4 Str. 3/8CP12 8 Sol.- 2 Str. 1/2CP58 8 Sol.- 2 Str. 5/8CP34 8 Sol.- 2 Str. 3/4Bronze Heavy DutyPart Conductor RodNo. Range SizeESB8ESB6ESB4ESB3ESB2ESB1/0ESB2/0ESB4/0ESB250ESB350ESB50010 sol - 8 str.8 sol - 6 sol.8 sol - 4 sol.6 sol - 3 str.6 sol - 2 str.4 sol - 1/0 str.2 sol - 2/0 str.2 sol - 4/0 str.#1 str - 250 KCM250 KCM - 350 KCM400 KCM - 500 KCMHDC12* 10 Sol.- 2 Str. 1/2HDC58R* 8 Sol.- 1/0 Str. 5/8HDC58* 8 Sol.- 1/0 Str. 5/8HDC34* 8 Sol.- 1/0 Str. 3/4HDC34SP 8 Sol.- 3/0 Str. 3/4HDC1 1 Sol.- 4/0 Str. 1*UL ListedERITECH Split Bolts -Tin Plated Silicon BronzePart No.Wire RangeGalvanized Steel ClampsPartRodNo.SizeS58 1/2” rod #8 - 3/0 wire5/8” rod #14 -1/0 wireS68 5/8” rod #14 -16 wire3/4” rod - 4/0 wireESBP8ESBP6ESBP4ESBP2ESBP1/0ESBP2/0ESBP4/0ESBP350ESBP50012 sol - 8 str.10 sol - 6 sol.10 sol - 4 sol.6 sol - 1 sol.2 sol - 1/0 str.2 sol - 2/0 str.2 sol - 4/0 str.250 KCM - 350 KCM400 KCM - 500 KCMPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com9

Ground System ComponentsGrounding Clamps and ConnectorsERITECH ® Bronze Water Pipe Clamps• High-strength silicone bronze clamps can be utilized for connectingcopper conductors to metallic water pipe or ground rods.PartNo.WaterPipe SizeConductor RangeMin. Max.CWP1J** 1/2-1 10 Sol. 2 Str.CWP1JJ 1/2-1 10 Sol. 4 Str.CWP2J** 1-1/4-2 10 Sol. 2 Str.CWP4J** 2-1/2-4 10 Sol. 4 Str.CWP6J 4-1/4-6 10 Sol. 4 Str.CWP1JU* 1/2-1 10 Sol. 2 Str.CWP2JU* 1-1/4-2 10 Sol. 2 Str.*With copper screw for use in direct burial applications.**UL ListedERITECH Bronze Water Pipe Clamps• For use in grounding rigid conduit systems to metallic water pipe.PartNo.WaterPipe SizeConduitSizeConductor RangeMin. Max.CWP1JH12 1/2 - 1 1/2 10 Sol. 6 Sol.CWP2JH12 1-1/4 - 2 1/2 10 Sol. 6 Sol.CWP4JH12 2-1/2 - 4 1/2 10 Sol. 6 Sol.CWP1JH34 1/2-1 3/4 10 Sol. 2/0 Str.CWP2JH34 1-1/4 - 2 3/4 10 Sol. 2/0 Str.CWP4JH34 2-1/2 - 4 3/4 10 Sol. 2/0 Str.CWP1JH44 1/2 - 1 1 10 Sol. 3/0 Str.CWP2JH44 1-1/4 - 2 1 10 Sol. 3/0 Str.CWP4JH44 2-1/2 - 4 1 10 Sol. 3/0 Str.ERITECH Bronze Water Pipe Clamps• For use in grounding armored cable to metallic pipePart Water Conductor RangeNo. Pipe Size Min. Max.CWP1JA 1/2-1 10 Sol 6 Sol.CWP2JA 1-1/4 - 2 10 Sol 6 Sol.CWP4JA 2-1/2 - 4 10 Sol 6 Sol.ERITECH Bronze Water Pipe ClampsWith Copper Strap - Heavy-Duty HubPartNo.WaterPipe SizeConduitSizeConductor RangeMin. Max.ERITECH Zinc Water Pipe ClampPart Water Conductor RangeNo. Pipe Size Min. Max.ZWP1J 1/2-1 10 Sol 6 Sol.CWP12SH 1/2 - 1 1/2 10 Sol. 6 Sol.CWP34SH 1/2 - 1 3/4 10 Sol. 2/0 Str.CWP44SH 1/2 - 1 1 10 Sol. 3/0 Str.With Copper Strap - Standard-Duty HubPartNo.WaterPipe SizeConduitSizeConductor RangeMin. Max.ERITECH Dual Rated AluminumWater Pipe Clamps• For use with copper or aluminum conductors.CWP12SH-E 1/2 - 1 1/2 10 Sol. 6 Sol.CWP34SH-E 1/2 - 1 3/4 10 Sol. 2/0 Str.CWP44SH-E 1/2 - 1 1 10 Sol. 3/0 Str.PartNo.Conductor RangeMin. Max.PipeRangeEGC1 14 Sol 10 Sol. 1/2 - 110 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsERITECH ® Pipe Clamp• 2” wide tinned copper strap draws tightly around pipe(all hardware is included)• Conductor stub is easily spliced to ground conductor• Adjusts to fit pipes from 3” NPS to 12” NPS• CADWELD ® connection of conductor to strap eliminatesa mechanical interfaceOrdering Information:Part No. B852A12C_ _ _ConductorCodeExample: 4/0 Bare, 12 Inches Long;Part No. B852A12C2Q12Grounding Clamps and ConnectorsConductor Length,inches “L”Conductor3” to 12”PipeAllHardwareIncluded“L”CADWELD ®ConnectionFigure 9. ERITECH Pipe clamp fitted to metalpipe with conductor stub CADWELDexothermically welded to copper conductor.CONDUCTOR CONDUCTORSIZECODE1/0 2C2/0 2G4/0 2Q250 2V500 3Q750 4LERITECH Transformer Tank Ground Connectors• Cast of high conductivity bronze and 1/2”-13 stud. Fits all standard EEI-NEMA distribution transformers.• Eyebolt rotates to accommodate cable in either vertical or horizontal direction and no special tools are required - use regular lineman’s wrench.• RUS Listed.ERITECH AluminumMechanical ConnectorsPart No.4AT2AT10AT320AT300AT350AT10AT3220AT2300AT2350AT2Wire Range14 sol - 4 str.14 sol - 2 str.14 sol - 1/0 sol.14 sol - 2/0 str.6 sol - 300 KCM6 sol - 350 KCM14 sol - 1/0 str.14 sol - 2/0 str.6 sol - 300 KCM6 sol - 350 KCMERITECH Copper Mechanical ConnectorsPart No.ECM25ECM35ECM70ECM125ECM175PartNo.Wire Range14 str - 10 str.14 str - 6 str.8 str - 2 str.8 str - 1/0 str.4 str - 3/0 str.Conductor RangeMax. Min.StudThread SizeTGC2/0 2/0 Str. 8 Sol. 1/2” - 13Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com11

Ground System ComponentsGround ElectrodesGround ElectrodesThe ground electrode is a critical component of the grounding system.Many different types of electrodes are available, some "natural" andsome "made". The natural types include metal underground water pipe,the metal frame of a building (if effectively grounded), a copper wire orreinforcing bar in a concrete foundation or underground structures orsystems. Consideration should be given to bonding of natural earths toensure electrical continuity with a facilities’ other "earths"."Made" electrodes are specifically installed to improve the systemgrounding or earthing. These earth electrodes must ideally penetrate intothe moisture level below the ground level to reduce resistance. Theymust also consist of metal conductors (or a combination of metalconductor types), which do not corrode excessively for the period of timethey are expected to serve. Made electrodes include rods or pipes driveninto the earth, metallic plates buried in the earth or a copper wire ringencircling the structure. Underground gas piping or aluminium electrodesare NOT permitted for use as ground electrodes.Ground RodsWhich ground rod should be used?Ground rods are often selected on the basis of their resistance to corrosion. Theother major factor is cost. All too often, the cost of a product is seen as theinitial, up front price, but the real cost is determined by the serviceable life of theground rod.Galvanized steel rods are one of the cheapest electrodes available. However,they are not the most cost effective since they have a relatively short service life.Solid copper and stainless steel rods have a long service life. However, they areconsiderably more expensive than galvanized steel rods. In addition to this, solidcopper rods are not suited to deep driving or even driving shortlengths into hard ground, without bending.As a compromise, steel cored ground rods, swaged in acopper or stainless steel sheath were developed. Theseground rods are much less expensive than their solidcounterparts. They are capable of being deep driven.However, the sheath of this rod type has been knownto slip or tear, particularly the copper version. Once thissheath has been damaged, the integrity of the entireelectrode is at risk.Ask for the ERICO ® White Paper on Ground Rods –Copperbonded vs. Galvanized.Figure 10.Copperbonded ground rodversus Galvanized ground rod.COPPERBONDEDGROUND RODGALVANIZEDGROUND ROD12 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGround ElectrodesThe copperbonded ground rod has anelectrolytic coating of copper depositedover a layer of nickel. This processensures a long lasting, molecular bondbetween the copper layer and the steelcore. ERICO ® recommendscopperbonded ground rods becausethe copper coating will not slip or tearwhen driven nor will it crack if the rodis bent . The tough, carbon steel corehas good characteristics for deepdriving. Copperbonded ground rodshave a high resistance to corrosion andprovide a low resistance path toground.The Stainless Steel OptionIt is important to note that certain soils and land fillareas may not be compatible with copper. In thesesituations, stainless steel is a better proposition.Stainless steel may also be an alternative, wherestructures or components, such as steel towers,poles or lead sheathed cables are in close proximityto an array of ground electrodes. In thesecircumstances, consideration must be given to theconsequence of galvanic corrosion. The high costof stainless steel rods prohibits their widespreaduse.Figure 11.Photo shows two ground rods subjected to the same pressureload test. The ERITECH ® copperbonded ground rod, shown onthe left, will bend without tears, cracks or folds, to the outersheath. The inferior copperclad rod shown on right, hasdeveloped cracks and creases to the outer sheath, which willsignificantly reduce its servicable life and put the integrity of theentire electrode at risk.GROUND ROD LIFE EXPECTANCYGROUND ROD ANNUAL COSTFigure 12. Figure 13.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com13

Ground System ComponentsGround ElectrodesGround Rod Accessoriesand ApplicationERICO ® is the world’s largest manufacturer of ULlisted ground rods and accessories and offers acomplete range of rods, driving heads, rod couplingmethods and connections for reliable grounding innearly any application.Driving SleevesThe driving head fits over the ground rod to protectthe rod end from "mushrooming" as the groundrod is driven into earth.CouplingCouplings enable ground rods to be driven deepquickly and easily without the risk of rod separation.They are generally tapered so when the rod is driveninto the coupling, the two parts compress to form aconductive connection.Ground RodGround Rod Diameter & LengthGround rod diameter must also be considered.Although larger diameter rods are more rigid andless prone to whip or bending, they may have agreater drag than smaller diameter rods when beingdriven. It must also be noted that increasing theground rod diameter has little impact on groundingsystem resistance. Standards nominate a minimumdiameter or periphery and thickness if not cylindrical.In general, lightning protection standardsrecommend copper bonded electrodes of specifieddiameter. Standard UL 467 requires a minimum rodlength of 8’ with a minimum diameter of 0.50” and10 mils of copper.Other Standards may nominate a specific resistancefor the installation. If space is limited, the contractormay be required to install electrodes to a depth thatachieves the required value.14 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGround Rod InstallationGround ElectrodesThere are two main methods of installing ground rods.• It is common for the ground rod to be driven into the earth using ahand held ground rod driver or mechanically operated driver.• Where driving the rod is not possible due to ground conditions,a hole may be drilled to take the ground rod.ERITECH ® Ground Rod DriverThe ERITECH Ground Rod Driver from ERICO ® is a safe, simple andeffective way to install longer ground rods. This one tool enables drivingof rods to ground level, without heavy sledge-hammers or ladders. Thissaves time and money and dramatically reduces risk of employee injury.Figure 14. The ERITECH Ground Rod Driver from ERICO,provides a safe, simpleand affordable way to install ground rods.Features• Suitable for use on all types of cylindrical ground rods: copperbonded,galvanized, stainless steel.• 5/8" and 3/4"inserts are interchangeable with standard driver bodyto enable easy driving of standard rods.• Integral insert prevents driver from slipping off the rod nearground level.• The driver will not deform the end of the rod – making theconnection of the ground conductor quick and easy.• Convenient retaining collar holds the insert in tool when not in use.• Self-contained and easy to store.• Heavy-duty steel construction provides robustness and excellentdriving force.• Soft rubber ergonomic grip provides user comfort.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com15

Ground System ComponentsInstallation of Ground RodsUsing the ERITECH ® Ground Rod DriverGround ElectrodesStep OneRemove the insert and slide driver bodyover ground rod.Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17.Step TwoPosition rod in vertical position and driverod by sliding driver body in an up-anddownmotion over the ground rod.Step ThreeWhen the end of the rod reaches approximately900mm (30") above ground, slidethe body off the rod and place insert onground rod. Slide the driver body over theinsert and drive rod to installed depth.ERITECH Ground Rod Drivers• Heavy-duty steel construction provides maximum driving forces,while the soft rubber ergonomic grip provides user comfort.• 5/8” and 3/4” inserts are interchangeable with standard driverbody.• Use on all types of ground rods without deforming ends.• No heavy tools or ladders required.Part No.DescriptionEGRD58 5’ Driver body with insert for up to 5/8” ground rodsEGRD58I* Replacement insert for 5/8” ground rodsEGRD34 5’ Driver body with insert for up to 3/4” ground rodsEGRD34I* Replacement insert for 3/4” ground rods* Both 5/8” and 3/4” inserts fit standard body of EGRD58 or EGRD34.The Mechanical HammerFor adverse soil conditions where it is not suitable to hand driverods or where a greater depth must be achieved, it may benecessary to use power operated aids. For normal applications werecommend the use of medium tools in the 15 to 25 lb. range,with a stroke of approximately 2" to 4" delivering 2200 blows perminute.Drilling OptionsWhere driving is difficult or progress is inhibited, it is necessary touse purpose-designed drilling equipment, such as electric,pneumatic and petrol driven machinery capable of penetratingrock. Once the hole is drilled, you can use one of two methods toinstall the ground rod:■ Backfill the hole with Ground Enhancement Material, andadd water to the hole as rod is driven to the required depth.■ Insert the rod into the drilled hole, then add GroundEnhancement Material which has been mixed with water toform a slurry. For more details, see page 30 (GEM installation).16 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGround ElectrodesERITECH ® Copperbonded Pointed Ground Rods• Copper is molecularly bonded to nickel-sealed high-strength steel cores.• ERITECH ground rods provide the company name, length, diameter,part number, roll-stamped within 12” of chamfered end and theUL logo and control number where applicable on each rod for easyinspection after installation.• See specifications on page 69.Part Plating Dia. LgthNo. Thickness (in.) (ft.)(ml.)613852 5 3/8 5613862 5 3/8 6613880 10 3/8 8611255 5 Nom. 1/2 5611265 5 Nom. 1/2 6611285 5 Nom. 1/2 8611380* 10 1/2 8611205 5 Nom. 1/2 10611300* 10 1/2 10615850 10 5/8 5615860 10 5/8 6615880* 10 5/8 8615883* 13 - RUS 5/8 8615800* 10 5/8 10615803* 13 - RUS 5/8 10615812* 10 5/8 12615815* 10 5/8 15613460 10 3/4 6613480* 10 3/4 8613483* 13 - RUS 3/4 8613400* 10 3/4 10613412* 10 3/4 12613415* 10 3/4 15614400* 10 1 10*UL Listed rodsPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com17

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesERITECH ® Threadless Couplings forCopperbonded Pointed Rods• Made of high-strength silicon bronze.• Tapered so when the rod is driven into the coupling,the two parts compress to form a conductive connection.PartNo.NominalDiameterCC12 1/2” NominalCC12F 1/2” FullCC58 5/8”CC34 3/4”A Compression Coupling – Full ViewB Compression Coupling – Cut AwayABERITECH Ground Rod Driving Sleeves*• Slides on top of ground rod to prevent mushrooming while drivinginto ground.Part No.Ground Rod SizeB137-14 1/2” Copperbonded or Steel RodB137-16 5/8” Copperbonded (.563” dia.)B137-31 5/8” Steel (.625” dia.)B137-18 3/4” Copperbonded (.682” dia.)B137-33 3/4” Steel (.750” dia.)B137-22 1” Copperbonded (.914” dia.)B137-37 1” Steel (1.00” dia.)* For plain (unthreaded) ground rods only.• Sleeves for use in power assisted ground rod drivers.Part No.Ground Rod Size (Unthreaded)4.00"7.00"DH58DH345/8” Copperbonded (.563” dia.)3/4” Copperbonded (.682” dia.).850"18 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesERITECH ® Copperbonded Sectional GroundRods, Couplings and Driving Studs• The cold-rolled threads with their continuous unbroken grain flowsare stronger than cut-threads.• High-strength couplings are threaded bronze and chamfered at bothends for easy driving.• High strength, corrosion-resistant couplings ensure permanent,low resistance copper-to-copper connections.Drive StudCouplingPart Plating Dia. LengthNo. Thickness (in.) (ft.)(ml)631380* 10 1/2 8631300* 10 1/2 10635830 10 5/8 3635840 10 5/8 4635850 10 5/8 5635860 10 5/8 6635880* 10 5/8 8635883* 13 - RUS 5/8 8635800* 10 5/8 10633480* 10 3/4 8633400* 10 3/4 10634400* 10 1 10*UL Listed rodsGround RodGround RodERITECH Couplings for Sectional RodsPartNo.CR-12CR-12SCR-58CR-34CR-100RodSize1/2” Nominal1/2” Full Size5/8” Nominal3/4” Nominal1” NominalCouplingERITECH Driving Studs for Sectional RodsPartNo.DS12FDS12DS58DS34DS1RodSize1/2” Nominal1/2” Full Size5/8” Nominal3/4” Nominal1” NominalGround RodPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com19

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesERITECH ® Copperbonded Pigtail Ground Rods• Pigtails are either Copperweld ® or copper wire securely mig-welded to rod.• Contact ERICO for specific requirement.Part Nominal Dia Cu WireNo. X Length Thickness (Mil.)6138529 3/8” x 5’ 5 Mil #10CW x 18” Lg6138629 3/8” x 6’ 5 Mil #10CW x 18” Lg615889 5/8” x 8’ 10 Mil #6 AWG Cu x 48” Lg615809 5/8” x 10’ 10 Mil #6 AWG Cu x 48” Lg6158839 5/8” x 8’ 13 Mil #6 AWG Cu x 48” Lg6158039 5/8” x 10’ 13 Mil #6 AWG Cu x 48” Lg® Copperweld is a registered trademark of The LTV Corporation.20 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesERITECH ® Solid Stainless Steel Ground Rods• Sectional rods utilize a cut thread for highly corrosive soil.• Contact ERICO ® for other available sizes.Part Description Dia. LengthNo. (in.) (ft.)681300 304 Pointed FS 1/2 10683400 304 Pointed 3/4 10683400S 304 Sectional 3/4 10685880 304 Pointed 5/8 8685800 304 Pointed 5/8 10685880S 304 Sectional 5/8 8681300S 304 Sectional 1/2 10ERITECH Threaded Stainless Steel CouplingPartNo.DescriptionCR13SS 1/2” Full SizeCR58SS 5/8”CR34SS 3/4”ERITECH Galvanized Pointed Ground Rods• Meets NEMA, GR1 and is RUS Approved.• Zinc-coated exteriors are hot-dip galvanized for solid protection againstcorrosion in accordance with ASTM specification A153-78.• Surfaces are rigidly inspected to eliminate seams, slivers and other defects.PartRodNo.Size811250 1/2” x 5’811260 1/2” x 6’811280 1/2” x 8’815860 5/8” x 6’815880* 5/8” x 8’815800 5/8” x 10’813480* 3/4” x 8’813400 3/4” x 10’814400 1” x 10’*RUS ApprovedERITECH Galvanized Steel CouplingPart Rod RodNo. Type SizeGCC58 Threadless 5/8”Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com21

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesERITECH ® Copper Ground Plate Electrode withTerminated 2 Foot Welded Pigtail ConnectionPart No.GPECEAH24 "xx" 24GPECEAJ18 "xx" 24GPECEAJ24 "xx" 24GPECEAJ36 "xx" 24GPECEAK24 "xx" 24GPECEAM36 "xx" 24GPECEBH12 "xx" 24GPECEBH24 "xx" 24Dimensions12"x24"x20 Ga Cu18"x18"x20 Ga Cu18"x24"x20 Ga Cu18"x36"x20 Ga Cu24"x24"x20 Ga Cu36"x36"x20 Ga Cu12"x12"x1/16" Cu12"x24"x1/16" CuERITECH Copper Ground Plate Electrode with2 Foot Welded Through Pigtail ConnectionPart No.DimensionsGPECCAH24 "xx" 2412"x24"x20 Ga CuGPECCAJ18 "xx" 2418"x18"x20 Ga CuGPECCAJ24 "xx" 2418"x24"x20 Ga CuGPECCAJ36 "xx" 2418"x36"x20 Ga CuGPECCAK24 "xx" 2424"x24"x20 Ga CuGPECCAM36 "xx" 2436"x36"x20 Ga CuGPECCBH12 "xx" 2412"x12"x1/16" CuGPECCBH24 "xx" 2412"x24"x1/16" Cu"xx" - Cable code for required conductor type and sizeERITECH Copper Ground Plates• Made from 20 gauge thick, high conductivity copper sheet.• Two cable attachments LPC535L securely fastened to plate.Part No.LPC750LPC751LPC752Dimensions12” wide by 24” long18” wide by 18” long36” wide by 36” long• Cable attachments LPC532L securely fastened to plate.Part No.LPC753LPC754LPC755Description12” wide by 24” long18” wide by 18” long36” wide by 36” long22 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesERITECH ® Copper Utility Pole Butt PlatePart Conductor PlateNo. Range DiameterEGP100 #14-#4 AWG 7.5”ERITECH Copper Utility Pole Ground PlatePart No. Description DimensionsGPECEHX1 Copper w/#6 solid ground wire 10' 1/16"x17"x17"long exothermically welded to plateERITECH Steel Ground Plate ElectrodePart No. Description DimensionsEGGP* Galvanized steel grounding plate 1/4”x10”x16” w/o connectorEGGPC* Galvanized steel grounding plate 1/4”x10”x16” w/HDC58 connectorEBGP Bare steel grounding plate 1/4”x10”x16” w/o connectorEBGPC Bare steel grounding plate 1/4”x10”x16” w/HDC58 connector*CSA ListedPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com23

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesChemical Ground RodERITECH ® chemical ground electrodes provide a low impedance ground in locations of high soil resistivity.Used in conjunction with a bentonite backfill and ERICO’s unique GEM material, the ERITECH chemicalground electrode system, provides a method to improve soil resistivity directly surrounding the electrode.It maintains a low ground resistance, maintenance-free installation that dissipates lightning energy andother dangerous electrical fault currents, even in sandy or rocky soil conditions. The Chemical GroundElectrode is useful for providing an effective earth in poor soil conditions wherespacing for electrodes is limited.Benefits and FeaturesUL and CSA Listed• Contains natural electrolytic salts, which permeate into thesurrounding soil to condition the soil and increase its conductivity.• Low impedance to effectively dissipate lightning and electrical fault currents.• Over 70 configurations available, other assemblies made to order.• Easy connection to ground electrode conductor using the factory provided pigtail(up or down orientation)• Provides decades of reliable services due to rugged construction, and high qualitymetals with a 30 year minimum service life• 2-1/8" OD Type K copper pipe, 0.083" wall contains natural electrolytic salts thatpermeate into the surrounding soil, improving electrode to soil connection.• Available up to 20 feet in length. Longer rods can be field assembled using10 foot sections.• Optional factory attached radial stripsare available to reduce impedance tohigh-frequency lightning energy and tocontrol the direction of the dissipation• L-shaped rods are available for horizontal installation applications where it is impracticalto auger deep vertical holes.See specification on page 70.The Chemical Ground Electrode issuitable for high soil resistivity, dry soilconditions, as it can replace multipleconventional ground rods, making thesystem ideal where space limitationsapply. Where seasonal variations causefluctuations in soil resistivity ,theChemical Ground Electrode ensures aconstant and reliable low impedanceground.Market Applications• Telecommunications• Power Generation & Distribution• Commercial & Industrial• Manufacturing• Transport – Rail, Aviation• Lightning Protection• Recreational Facilities• Defense24 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesChemical Ground RodChemical Ground Electrode SystemERICO ® Chemical Ground Electrodes are most effectivewhen installed as part of a total system that includeshigh conductivity backfill materials, access/inspectionwells, and permanent, reliable CADWELD ®connections. They may be installed either vertically orhorizontally, as shown below in figure 18. ERICOrecommends installing the complete system.LightningDownconductor -Conducts the lightningenergy safely to ground.ERICO Inspection Well -Protects Chemical Electrodewhile allowing necessary airand moisture to enter.Provides access formaintenance.VERTICALINSTALLATIONHORIZONTALINSTALLATIONCADWELDConnections -Permanently bonds allelements of thegrounding system.Pigtails -Factory attached conductorconnection. Upward ordownward orientationavailable.Chemical GroundElectrode -Provides continualconditioning of highresistivity soils.Figure 18. Chemical Ground Electrode can be installed either verticallyor horizontally. Chemical electrodes are available in a range of standardand custom configurations and are available individually or as part of acomplete kit.How to OrderGround Enhancementmaterial GEM - Lowresistance, non corrosivematerial, fills void betweenelectrode and earth.Figure 19. Typical vertical installation showing major components required to form an effective ground electrode.Chemical ground rods can be ordered as individualcomponents or as a complete kit. Kits include the chemicalelectrode (pre-filled with electrolytic salts), bentonite, GEMbackfill and an access well. To order the chemical electrodeonly, add "B" to the end of the part number.COPPER CONDUCTOR CODES - Pigtail ConductorConductor Size Conductor SizeCode Description Code Description1T #2 Solid Tinned 2Q 4/0 Conc.2C 1/0 Conc. 2V 250 Kcmil Conc.2G 2/0 Conc. 3Q 500 Kcmil Conc.INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTSPart No.DescriptionERICO GroundElectrode System(V) Vertical Style(H) Horizontal Style(E) Extended verticalElectrode Length (Ft)Pigtail Cable CodeAdd (B) for(Rod Assy. only)Pigtail Orientation(D) Down or(U) UpPigtail Length (Ft)(see above)GEM25ABENTFILL(see catalog #A1A)T416BHT416DChemical ground rod electrode only25 lg. (11.4 kg) bag of GEM Ground Enhancement Material50 lb. (22.7 kg) bag of bentoniteCADWELD ® material for cable-to-cable connectionsHigh-density polyethylene access pit for no traffic areas (type supplied with kits)Concrete access well for traffic areasPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com25

Ground System ComponentsGround Enhancement Material(Part# GEM25A)Only rarely do grounding systemdesigners and contractors get to work ona site with good grounding conditions.Even under ideal circumstances, soilstructure can vary and make it difficult toachieve uniform, low levels of resistivityacross a wide area. Under almost all soilconditions, the use of a groundenhancement material will improvegrounding effectiveness. Some arepermanent and require no maintenance.When selecting a ground enhancementmaterial be sure it is compatible with theground rod, conductor and connectionmaterial.To improve the conductivity of agrounding system, ERICO ®recommends using GroundEnhancement Material (GEM).Ground Electrodes and AccessoriesResistivity ComparisonFigure 20. As the graph clearly shows, GEM has a resistivityfactor more than 20 times lower than bentonite clay.GEM is a low-resistance, non-corrosive, carbon dust based material that improves grounding effectiveness,especially in areas of poor conductivity. GEM contains cement, which hardens when set to providea permanent, maintenance-free, low-resistant grounding system that never leaches or washes away.Benefits and FeaturesNo other material matches GEM for reducingearthing resistance and maintaining lowresistance permanently. No other materialequals GEM in providing conductivity for thelife of the grounding system.GEM is effective• GEM can dramatically lower earthresistance and impedance measures• GEM maintains constant resistances forthe life of the system once in set form• GEM performs in soil conditions evenduring dry spells• Because it is chemically stable and verylow in sulfate and chloride, it protectsground conductors from corrosion insteadof attacking them like salts do.GEM is Permanent• Does not dissolve, decompose nor leach out with time• Does not require periodic charging treatments nor replacement• Does not require maintenance• Does not require continuous presence of water to maintain effectiveness• Freezing will increase resistivity by only 10-15 percentGEM is Environmentally Friendly• Does not adversely affect the soil• Does not leach ions or contaminate ground water• Meets (USA) Environmental Protection Authority requirements for landfillApplicationGEM improves grounding effectiveness regardless of soil conditions and providesexcellent permanent conductivity:• For areas with high resistance, such as rocky ground, mountain tops, and sandy soil• As a backfill when you have to drill because the ground is too hard to drive, orwhere ground rods cannot be driven, or• Where limited space makes adequate grounding difficult by conventional methods26 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesGEM INSTALLATIONGEM is supplied in easy-to-handle 25 lb.bags for one-man installation. GEM can beinstalled dry or wet (recommended). GEMquickly absorbs moisture from the soilwhen used dry, to reach its maximumconductivity in days. To accelerate curingtime, water can be added after GEM isinstalled, or it can be pre-mixed withwater.Ask ERICO fora complimentarySix Point Plan CD that includes theGEM calculator to determine theamount of GEM required for yourgrounding application.1. Dig a trench at least 4 incheswide x 30 inches deep orbelow the frost line,whichever is deeper. Spreadout enough GEM to uniformlycover bottom of trench-about1 inch deep.2. Place conductor on top ofGEM.3. Spread more GEM on top ofconductor to completelycover conductor about 1 inchdeep.4. Carefully cover the GEMwith soil to a depth of about4 inches, making sure not toexpose the conductor. Tampdown the soil, then fill in thetrench. For various trenchwidths and GEM thicknesses,see the table on page 28.TRENCH INSTALLATIONGROUND ROD BACKFILL INSTALLATION1. Auger a 3 inch or larger diameterhole to a depth of 6 inches lessthan the length of the ground rod.2. Place ground rod into augered holeand drive one foot (if possible) intobottom of the hole. The top of theground rod will be approximately6 inches below grade. At this time,make any connections to groundrod using CADWELD connections.3. Pour the appropriate amount ofGEM around the ground rod. Toensure the GEM material completelyfills the hole, tamp around theground rod with a pole.4. Fill remainder of augered hole withsoil removed during augering. Forvarious augered-hole diameters anddepths, see the table on page 28.Figure 21.Note: If premixing GEM into a slurry form,use a standard cement mixer or hard-mix ina mixing box, wheelbarrow, etc. Use 1-1/2 to Note: ExcessFigure 22.2 gallons of clean water per bag of GEM. standing watermust be removed from thehole.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com27

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesTrench WidthTRENCH INSTALLATIONEstimated linear feet of ground conductorcovering with each bag of GEMTotal Thickness of GEM1" 2" 3" 4"(2.5cm) (5.1cm) (7.6cm) (10.2cm)4" (10.2cm) 14.0 (4.3m) 7.0 (2.1m) 4.7 (1.4m) 3.5 (1.1m)6" (15.2cm) 9.3 (2.8m) 4.7 (1.4m) 3.1 (0.9m) 2.3 (0.7m)8" (20.3cm) 7.0 (2.1m) 3.5 (1.1m) 2.3 (0.7m) 1.8 (0.5m)10" (25.4cm) 5.6 (1.7m) 2.8 (0.9m) 1.9 (0.6m) 1.4 (0.4m)12" (30.5cm) 4.7 (1.4m) 2.3 (0.7m) 1.6 (0.5m) 1.2 (0.4m)A 25-pound bag of GEM will cover 7 linear feet (2.1m) of conductor length for a4-inch-wide (10.2cm), 2-inch-thick (5.1cm) covering [1 inch (2.5cm) belowand 1 inch (2.1cm) above conductor], based on 63.5 Ib/cu ft (1017 kg /m 3 ).GROUND ROD BACKFILL INSTALLATIONEstimated bags of GEM for backfilling around groundrods to a density of 90 lb/cu ft (1442kg/m3)Dia. of holeDepth of hole (feet)*6' 7' 8' 9' 17' 19' 20'(1.8m) (2.1m) (2.4m) (2.7m) (5.2m) (5.8m) (6.1m)3" (7.6cm) 2 2 2 2 4 4 44" (10.2cm) 2 3 3 3 6 7 75" (12.7cm) 3 4 4 5 9 10 106" (15.2cm) 5 5 6 7 13 14 157" (17.8cm) 6 7 8 9 17 19 208" (20.3cm) 8 9 11 12 22 25 269" (22.9cm) 10 12 13 15 28 31 3210" (25.4cm) 12 14 16 18 34 38 40*8-foot (2.44m) minimum rod length required to be in contact with the soil (or GEM). Per NEC 250-52.How to Specify GEM• Ground enhancement material must be permanent andmaintenance-free (no recharging with salts or chemicals whichmay be corrosive) and maintain its earth resistance with time.• It must set up firmly and not dissolve or decompose orotherwise pollute the soil or the local water table.• The ground enhancement material shall be suitable forinstallation in dry form, or in slurry form.• The ground enhancement material shall not depend on thecontinuous presence of water to maintain its conductivity.• Ground enhancement material in its set form shall have aresistivity of not more than 20 ohm-cm.Figure 23. GEM permanent ground enhancement material, isideal in areas of poor conductivity and is suitable for bothbackfilling around ground rods and trench installations.28 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

23-1/4"Ground System ComponentsGround Inspection WellsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesFor periodically measuring the electrical resistance of a buried groundsystem, inspection wells are used as a means of access to the groundconductor. To make electrical resistance measurements, remove thecover and attach a lead from a resistance measuring instrument to theground conductor.Inspection wells are available in various sizes and materials. Light-dutyunits are generally used. For areas of high vehicular traffic, you shoulduse heavy-duty inspection wells.Figure 24.Conducting ResistanceTesting®Figure 25. Resistance testing using a ground resistance meter, with access to the groundconductor provided by the ground inspection well.ERITECH ® Polymer Concrete WellsPart Material Color Dimensions Cover Box Base with FeaturesNo. Weight Inserts WeightT416A Polymer Concrete* Concrete Gray 14" x 23" x 18" deep 25 lbs. 50 lbs. Bolt down cover; skid resistant surfaceT416D Polymer Concrete* Concrete Gray 13" x 13" x 12" deep 25 lbs. 50 lbs. Bolt down cover; skid resistant surfaceT416E Polymer Concrete* Concrete Gray 13" x 13" x 18" deep 25 lbs. 50 lbs. Bolt down cover; skid resistant surfaceT416F Polymer Concrete* Concrete Gray 13" x 13" x 26" deep 25 lbs. 50 lbs. Bolt down cover; skid resistant surface*Polymer Concrete reinforced with heavy weave fiberglass resulting in high strength and minimal weight.Enclosures and covers rated for 10,000 lbs. maximum load.13-3/4"12-7/8"12-7/8"12-7/8"12-7/8"12-7/8"12-7/8"18"12"18"26"T416APh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.comT416D T416E T416F29

Ground System ComponentsGround Electrodes and AccessoriesERITECH ® High Density Polyethylene WellsPart Material Color Dimensions Cover Box Base with FeaturesNo. Weight Inserts WeightT416B High Density Green 10" round x 10" deep 1-1/2 lbs. 3 lbs. Stainless steel lock bolt (3/8”-16 x 1-3/4");Polyethylenevery resistant to acids and chemicals;boxes and covers nest in 3-1/4" increments;2 knockouts per box (3-1/2" x 1-1/2")T416C High Density Black 14" round x 18" deep 4-1/4 lbs. 13.4 lbs. Resistant to acids and chemicals;Polyethylenepipe slot (2 places)ERICOGROUND14-1/2" Dia.10" Dia.18"10-1/4"13" O.D.24-1/2" O.D.T416BT416C30 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingEquipotential BondingIntroductionAlthough closely related to grounding, bonding is a distinctdiscipline that is essential to the overall facility electricalprotection scheme. Grounding provides the actual physicalconnection to earth used for establishing and maintaining itspotential, theoretically 0 volts. Bonding is the practice ofestablishing an equipotential plane by permanently joiningtogether metal parts of the wiring system as well as tyingtogether all of the electrical service grounds. Proper bondingestablishes a low impedance fault return path that allows for theproper operation of over-current devices. Additionally, bondingof all ground electrode systems (main power, telecommunications,and lightning protection) eliminates dangerous potential differencesthat can arise during fault and transient voltage conditionsjeopardizing people and equipment. Bonding of separate groundelectrode systems is required by the NFPA (The NEC ® ) as well asother international electric codes.The Importance of a Correctly Bonded Ground SystemFigure 26. Figure 27.Figure 26 shows an example of a well-designed grounding systemwith a "single point" connection of equipment power, lightningprotection, and communication ground wires to the ground-ring.If lightning hits the air terminal on the facility, the lightning protectionearth would rise equipotentially with all other ground points as theyare closely bonded together. Bonding provides little opportunity forpotential differences between ground points creating ground loops orcausing sparking or sideflashing.A non-ideal system can include multiple connection points to theground-ring and / or poor bonding connections. Figure 27 shows acase where an incoming power feed was effected by lightning.Adequate protection equipment on both power and communicationsinterface was provided, however the separate electrical andcommunications earths are located some distance apart.Figure 27. A non-ideal grounding system uses multiple connectionpoints.Regardless of how good each individual ground is, for a very shortperiod of time the potential of the electrical ground will be higherthan the communications ground. As a result the excess energy hastwo paths to follow to reach the lower potential communicationsground, thus creating a dangerous ground loop that will damage thesensitive electronic equipment in the equipment room. ERICO ®provides a number of technologies to assist in the construction ofeffective "best practice" equipotential grounding systems includingthe Transient Earth Clamp and the Insulated Joint Protector.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com31

Equipotential BondingEquipment Ground BarsProper bonding is essential to create an equipotential plane between servicegrounds and equipment during fault and transient conditions. Thisequipotential plane provides a near zero voltage differential and serves toprotect people and equipment during these events. The most popularbonding product in use today is the ground bar or bonding bar. Ground barsprovide a convenient, single-point grounding and bonding location.Conductors are welded to the bar using the CADWELD ® process or aremechanically fastened by using lugs.ERICO ® can design and manufacture custom bars. In addition, the breadth ofthe product offering includes TMGB bars, which meet the requirements ofTIA/EIA 607 and conform to BICSI recommendations. Our perimeter bussystem allows for fast and easy field installation of halo and other perimetergrounding schemes.ERITECH ® EGB SeriesMaterialsBusbars– 1/4” thick copper– ASTM B187-C11000– Electro-tin plated (if required)Insulators:– Material: flame resistant fiberglass reinforcedthermoset polyester– Color: red– Indoor rating: 600 volts– 1-1/2” heightBrackets:– Type 304 stainless steel– 1/8” thickFasteners:– 3/8” Type 304 stainless steel fasteners andstainless steel bracketsFigure 28.ERITECH TGB & TMGBMaterialsBusbars:– 1/4” thick copper– ASTM B187-C11000– Electro-tin platedInsulators:– Manufactured of rugged polyamide, anenvironmentally friendly, halogen-free nylonmaterial which is reinforced with glass fiber– 2” standoff height– Meets the requirements of UL94 VO for selfextinguishingmaterialsBrackets:– Type 304 stainless steel– 1/8” thickFasteners:– Type 304 stainless steelFigure 29.32 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingEquipment Ground BarsERITECH ® EGB SeriesPART NUMBERING SYSTEME G BERITECHGROUND BARDESIGNATIONCONFIGURATIONA = INSUL & BRKTB = BRKT ONLYC = NONE (BAR ONLY)D = INSUL ONLYTHICKNESS18 = 1/8"14 = 1/4"38 = 3/8"12 = 1/2"58 = 5/8"34 = 3/4"WIDTH1 = 1"2 = 2"3 = 3"4 = 4"5 = 5"6 = 6"7 = 7"8 = 8"9 = 9"LENGTH(ROUNDED TO THE NEARESTINCH, UP TO 96 INCH MAX.)TIN PLATING(EMPTY IF NONE)T = TINNEDHOLE PATTERNPIG TAIL LENGTH FT. (EMPTY IF NONE)A = 1 E = 5 J = 9 N = 16 S = 24 W = 32B = 2 F = 6 K = 10 P = 18 T = 26 X = 34C = 3 G = 7 L = 12 Q = 20 U = 28 Y = 36D = 4 H = 8 M = 14 R = 22 V = 30 Z = 38ERICO ® CABLE CODE(EMPTY IF NONE)1K = #4 SOL TIN 2Q = 4/01T = #2 SOL TIN 2V = 250 KCM2C = 1/03D = 350 KCM2G = 2/03Q = 500 KCM2L = 3/04L = 750 KCMPATTERN: "AA" PATTERN: "BB" PATTERN: "CC" PATTERN: "DD"PATTERN: "EE" PATTERN: "FF" PATTERN: "GG" PATTERN: "HH"PATTERN: "JJ" PATTERN: "LL" PATTERN: "MM" PATTERN: "NN"Figure 30.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com33

Equipotential BondingERITECH ® EGB SeriesEquipment Ground Bars5/16"7/16"1"3/4"7/16" 2"7/16" 1"EGBA14212TES (1/4 x 2 x 12)EGBA14212EE (1/4 x 2 x 12)EGBA14212HH (1/4 x 2 x 12)7/16" 2"7/16"1"3/4"5/16"7/16"1"3/4"EGBA14112EE (1/4 x 1 x 12)EGBA14215JJ (1/4 x 2 x 15)EGBA14215TES (1/4 x 2 x 15)7/16"2" 7/16"3/4"2"3/4"7/16"2"3/4"1"1"1"EGBA14412CC (1/4 x 4 x 12)EGBA14412CCT (1/4 x 4 x 12 tinned)EGBA1442OCC (1/4 x 4 x 12)EGBA14412OCCT (1/4 x 4 x 12 tinned)EGBA14424CC (1/4 x 4 x 12)EGBA144124CCT (1/4 x 4 x 12 tinned)7/16"2"3/4"7/16"2"3/4"1"1"EGBA14428CC (1/4 x 4 x 28)EGBA144128CCT (1/4 x 4 x 28 tinned)EGBA14436CC (1/4 x 4 x 36)EGBA144136CCT (1/4 x 4 x 36 tinned)7/16"2"7/16"2"7/16"2"2"2"1"EGBA14412AAEGBA14412BB (1/4 x 4 x 12)EGBA14412AA1TT (1/4 x 4 x 12 tinned)(#2 tinned sol pigtail 25ft lg)1/8"Typ.9/32"5/32"3/4"7/16" 5/16" 1"5/16"7/16"2"3/4"1"1"1"2"1"EGBA14410FF (1/4 x 4 x 10)EGBA14412MM (1/4 x 4 x 12)EGBA144120CCSKY (1/4 x 4 x 20)Figure 31.34 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingEquipment Ground BarsERITECH ® EGB Series (cont.)EGBA1442OHIG (1/4 x 4 x 20)EGBA1442OHIGT (1/4 x 4 x 20 tinned)EGBA14424CIGBE (1/4 x 4 x 24)EGBA14424CIGBET (1/4 x 4 x 24 tinned)EGBA14424MM (1/4 x 4 x 24)EGBA14412NN (1/4 x 4 x 12) EGBA14420NN (1/4 x 4 x 20)Figure 32.ERITECH B540 SeriesB544A028 (1/4 x 4 x 16”)B544A028 (1/4 x 4 x 16”)B543A010 (1/4 x 3 x 20”)B543A010 (1/4 x 3 x 20”)B542A004 (1/4 x 2 x 18”)Figure 33.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com35

Equipotential BondingERITECH ® TGB & TMGB SeriesEquipment Ground BarsPART NUMBERING SYSTEMT G BERICO ®TELECOMMUNICATIONGROUND BARDESIGNATIONT M G BLPPIG TAIL LENGTH FT. (BLANK IF NONE)ERICOTELECOMMUNICATIONMAIN GROUND BARDESIGNATIONA = 1 E = 5 J = 9 N = 16 S = 24 W = 32B = 2 F = 6 K = 10 P = 18 T = 26 X = 34C = 3 G = 7 L = 12 Q = 20 U = 28 Y = 36D = 4 H = 8 M = 14 R = 22 V = 30 Z = 38SPECIFICATIONSCONFIGURATIONA = INSULATOR & BRACKETC = NONE (BAR ONLY)LENGTH(ROUND UP TONEAREST INCH)NUMBEROF PAIRS OF5/16" HOLEST = TINNED(BLANK IF NONE)ERICO CABLE CODE (BLANK IF NONE)1K = #4 SOL2Q = 4/0 CONC1T = #2 SOL TIN 2V = 250 KCM CONC2C = 1/0 CONC 3D = 350 KCM CONC2G = 2/0 CONC 3Q = 500 KCM CONC2L = 3/0 CONC4L = 750 KCM CONCTGB-A29L18PTTMGB-A29L41PTTGB-A25L14PTTMGB-A25L33PTTGB-A20L12PTTMGB-A20L27PTTGB-A18L10PTTMGB-A18L23PTTGB-A16L08PTTMGB-A16L19PTTGB-A14L06PTTMGB-A14L15PTFigure 34.36 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingERITECH ® Splice KitsEquipment Ground BarsPartNo.TGB - SPLICEKITTMGB - SPLICEKITDescriptionIncludes plates and fasteners for splicing two TGB busbarsIncludes plates and fasteners for splicing two TMGB busbarsEXISTING TGBGROUND BAR1/4”3”EXISTING TGBGROUND BARERITECH Mounting Kits1/4” STAINLESSSTEEL HARDWARETWO TINNED COPPERSPLICE PLATESPartNo.DescriptionB548A41B548A42ERITECH InsulatorsPartNo.Mounting Kit for 1” & 2” Wide Bars,Stainless Steel Hdwr & 3/8” Fasteners, Insulator and BracketMounting Kit for 3” & 4” Wide Bars,Stainless Steel Hdwr & 3/8” Fasteners, Insulator and BracketDescriptionEXISTING TMGBGROUND BAR1/4”3-1/2”EXISTING TMGBGROUND BAR1/4” STAINLESSSTEEL HARDWARETWO TINNED COPPERSPLICE PLATESB546A07 Insulator, 1” Lg x 1.125” Dia, 1/4-20 x 5/16”Deep Insert, Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoset PolyesterB546A09 Insulator, 1.25” Lg x 1.125” Dia, 1/4-20 x 5/16”Deep Insert, Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoset PolyesterB546A06 Insulator, 1.375” Lg x 1.75” Dia, 1/4-20 x 5/16”Deep Insert, Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoset PolyesterB546A02 Insulator, 2.25” Lg x 2” Dia, 1/4-20 x 5/16”Deep Insert, Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoset PolyesterB546A01 Insulator, 2.25” Lg x 2” Dia, 1/4-20 x 5/16”Deep Insert, Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoset PolyesterB546A10 Insulator, 2.125” Lg x 2.5” Dia, 1/4-20 x 5/16”Deep Insert, Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoset PolyesterERITECH FAA Ground BarPart Size DescriptionNo.B540A130 1/4 x 4 x 12 Electronic Main Ground BarB540A131 1/4 x 4 x 8 Electronic Multi Point Ground BarB540A132 1/4 x 4 x 6 Electronic Single Point Ground BarERITECH Plexiglass Protective CoversPart SizeNo.B540C130C 1/4 x 6 x 14B540C131C 1/4 x 6 x 10B540C132C 1/4 x 6 x 10Contact ERICO for specific requirementsPlexiglasscoverNylon bolts orinsulatorsCopper barInsulatorSteel mountingplateCUSTOM GROUND BAR (FAA STYLE)Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com37

®Equipotential BondingPerimeter Bus SystemERITECH ® Perimeter Bus SystemFigure 35.Perimeter BusPart T W L DescriptionNo. (in) (in) (in)Straight BusEPGC181120 1/8 1 120 Perimeter Ground Bus, with 7/16” Holes on 30” CentersEPGC182120 1/8 2 120 Perimeter Ground Bus, with 7/16” Holes on 30” CentersEPGC184120 1/8 4 120 Perimeter Ground Bus, with 7/16” Holes on 30” CentersEPGC141120 1/4 1 120 Perimeter Ground Bus, with 7/16” Holes on 30” CentersEPGC142120 1/4 2 120 Perimeter Ground Bus, with 7/16” Holes on 30” CentersEPGC144120 1/4 4 120 Perimeter Ground Bus, with 7/16” Holes on 30” Centers90 degree Angle for WallsEPGC1816X6 1/8 1 6X6 90 degree angle for around wallsEPGC1826X6 1/8 2 6X6 90 degree angle for around wallsEPGC1846X6 1/8 4 6X6 90 degree angle for around wallsEPGC1416X6 1/4 1 6X6 90 degree angle for around wallsEPGC1426X6 1/4 2 6X6 90 degree angle for around wallsEPGC1446X6 1/4 4 6X6 90 degree angle for around wallsFlat 90 degree Angle for DoorsEPGC1818X8FL 1/8 1 8X8 Flat 90 degree angle for around doorwaysEPGC1828X8FL 1/8 2 8X8 Flat 90 degree angle for around doorwaysEPGC1848X8FL 1/8 4 8X8 Flat 90 degree angle for around doorwaysEPGC1418X8FL 1/4 1 8X8 Flat 90 degree angle for around doorwaysEPGC1428X8FL 1/4 2 8X8 Flat 90 degree angle for around doorwaysEPGC1448X8FL 1/4 4 8X8 Flat 90 degree angle for around doorways38 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingEquipment Ground PlatesERITECH ® Cast Ground Plates• Convenient ground system connection points in concrete structures• Used for equipment, machinery and structure grounding• Made from a copper alloy• Result in current carrying capacity equal to that of the conductor orstud• Will not loosen or corrodeB161-2Q With 4/0 StudB161-3Q With 500 kcmil Stud2-1/2"1-1/4"3"B162-2Q With 4/0 Stud1-5/8"1"2-1/4"1-3/4" 3-1/4"3/8"-16, 1/2" DEEP - 4 HOLESB164-2Q With 4/0 StudB164-3Q With 500 kcmil Stud3"3-1/4"1/2"-13, 1/2" DEEP - 2 HOLES1-3/4"3"CAUTION:Use only ERITECH cast ground plates. Other similar platesmay be available which do not meet the strength requirementsnecessary. They may crack or break during installation.1-3/4" 3-1/4"Use a CADWELD ® Type TA or Type SS mold when connecting theERITECH cast ground plate to the ground conductor. The cast groundplate stud size noted above fits the mold opening for a cable of thesame size. Reference CADWELD catalog A1A for more information.1/2"-13, 1/2" DEEP - 4 HOLESExample:Tee connection of 250 cable to B164-2Q (4/0 stud size),use mold TAC-2V2Q.Splice connection of 250 cable to B164-2Q, use moldSSC-2Q2V.ERITECH Clamp Style Ground Plate• Cast bronze grounding plate• Dimensions similar to B164 Series• Cable connection under bolt tensionLP-C682Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com39

Equipotential BondingEquipment Ground PlatesERITECH ® Ground Plate AssembliesPart Style Style Style StyleNo. RA RB SS TAB1612Q B530A"XL" B531A"XL" B532A"XL" B533A"XL"B1613Q B530B"XL" B531B"XL" B532B"XL" B533B"XL"B1622Q B530C"XL" B531C"XL" B532C"XL" B533C"XL"B1642Q B530D"XL" B531D"XL" B532D"XL" B533D"XL"B1643Q B530E"XL" B531E"XL" B532E"XL" B533E"XL"NOTE: X (CONDUCTOR CODE)* EXAMPLE:Add appropriate suffix: #4 = 1L 4/0 = 2Q B164-2Q Ground PlateFor "XL": #2 = 1V 250 = 2V 4/0 Pigtail 4 feet longX = Conductor Code 1/0 = 2C 350 = 3D RA Style B530D2Q48L = Length in inches 2/0 = 2G 500 = 3Q*Conductor codes are for concentric strand copper cable.RA1/2” pipe can be usedto support and positioncast ground plateRBSSTA40 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingAircraft ReceptaclesERITECH ® Aircraft Grounding Receptacles forCADWELD ® Process• Copper alloy castings for use in static grounding systems of aircraftrefueling areas• Easily connected to grounding system conductor and/or ground rods• Designed for simple installation with flush paved surfaces• 3/4” cast ball, 3/4” removable ball, 3/4” cast bar or 1-1/2” barattachment points availableCBALL, 3/4" DIA. (B165R)BALL, 5/8" DIA. (B165)AB165 Depth A, from grade to level of support 4-1/2”Diameter C at grade level 2-3/4”Attachment PointCast 3/4” ball1/2" PIPE FORTYPE RA & RBCONNECTIONSB165R Depth A, from grade to level of support 4-1/2”Diameter C at grade level 2-3/4”Attachment PointRemovable 3/4” ballCATTACHMENTBARB166 Depth A, from grade to level of support 6-1/4”Diameter B, maximum ring size 4-3/4”Diameter C at grade level 3-7/8”Attachment Bar3/4” diameterB167 Depth A, from grade to level of support 7-1/4”Diameter B, maximum ring size 6-1/2”Diameter C at grade level 4-3/4”Attachment Bar1-1/2” diameterNotes:1. Aircraft static grounding clamp B2617A can be used to connect to theB165, B165R and B166.2. See Catalog A1A for CADWELD connections to aircraft groundingreceptacles.B1/2" PIPE FORTYPE RA & RBCONNECTIONSAERITECH Aircraft Grounding Receptacles forSectional Ground RodsLPC680• Cast bronze aircraft receptacle• Standard pin connection• Chain retained cover plate• Couple directly to 3/4” sectional rod or 3/4” extension rod• Install flush with finish floor surfaceLPC681• Cast bronze aircraft receptacle• Standard pin connection• Chain retained cover plate• Spring clip to secure cover plate• Couple directly to 3/4” sectional rod or 3/4” extension rod• Install flush with finish floor surfaceLPC680LPC681Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com41

Equipotential BondingTransient Earth Clamp/Joint ProtectorTransient Earth ClampThe Transient Earth Clamp (TEC) acts to bond theseparate ground points into an equipotentialsystem, should the differential voltage betweenthese two points exceed the TEC firing voltage.Part# TEC100C• Automatic reset after operation• Robust housing for extended outdooruse• 100kA 8/20μs surge rating• Simple to install• 350V "breakdown" voltageFigure 36. CRITEC ® Transient Earth Clamp.Insulated Joint ProtectorERICO’s Insulated Joint Protector (IJP) is designedto protect insulated joints in oil/gas pipelines byproviding open circuit under "normal operations"but equipotential bonding under transientconditions with an automatic "re-set".Part# IJP230 (230V)IJP350 (330V)• Automatic reset after operation• Robust housing for extended outdooruse• 100kA 8/20μs surge rating• Simple to install• 350V or 230V "breakdown" voltageFigure 37. CRITEC Insulated Joint ProtectorFigure 38Figure 38. Diagram shows separate building ground systemsbonded together with Transient Earth Clamps. This providesprotection in the event of a lightning induced surge.42 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingSignal Reference Grid (SRG)The Signal Reference Grid (SRG) is a pre-fabricated low impedancenetwork of conductors established to create an equipotential plane forhigh frequency, low voltage digital signals in such applications as intensivecomputer, telemetry and telecommunications installations.Digital signal line voltages are typically low. Their sensitivity to transientnoise is very high (typically 1 volt for some digital systems). The SRGcomplies with IEEE Standard 1100-1992 for grounding practices insensitive electronic environments.Proper grounding and bonding of sensitive electronic systems, includingcomputer installations, requires careful consideration of all frequenciesfrom DC to over 100 megahertz. The local requirements for electrical faultcurrent and lightning protection must also be met.Signal Reference Grid (SRG)The safety grounding system required by Code does not address thespecial requirements of noise immunity. An additional "grounding" systemcalled the Signal Reference Grid (SRG) is needed to assure trouble-freeequipment performance.(See Technical Section on page 73)The importance of SRGs for Computer ApplicationsIn order to minimize the effects of noise, many computer manufacturers,users and government agencies have detailed specifications regardingcomputer grounding. Computer installations are particularly sensitive to:• Coupling between adjacent power, data circuits and ground,where noise can be introduced into cables – even nearby lightningstrikes can be a real threat•Noise levels from nearby transmitters may be a serious problem andrequire shieldingFigure 40. Pre-fabricated Signal reference Grid installed under computer room floor.Components of the SRGAn effective SRG:• Uses a multitude of conductors to create a very lowimpedance to noise at any frequency• Typically uses two foot spacing between conductors• Uses terminations that provide a constant impedanceover the life of the facility• Uses multiple paths within the SRG to allow the noisecurrents to divide at each crossover, which furtherreduces voltage drop• Uses a mesh made of flat copper strips to provide themost functional low impedance and cost effectivecomputer grounding system available.• Uses welded connections to assure a noise-free bondWelded Connections®Welded connections are often specified because they are the onlyconnections proven to assure a "noise-free" bond. Normal shockand vibration jar mechanical connections, creating electronic noise.This causes relatively high Ldi/dt voltages due to a sudden changein connection impedance. This sudden change can result in pulseswhich can be coupled onto the signal circuits. These unwantedsignals can create false data or even cause permanent circuitdamage. Corrosion, dirt and cleaning fluids cannot interfere withthe molecular bond of a welded joint.Figure 39. Signal Reference Grid with bonded connections to main building ground.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com43

Equipotential BondingSignal Reference GridInstallationSignal Reference Grid (SRG)®Figure 41. Signal Reference Grid (SRG) andbonded ground connections to buildingstructure.Figure 42. Low Impedance Riser (LIR), is welded to theSRG using the Type TW mold, For details, see page 49.InstallationImportant points to consider when installing an SRG:• Local codes must be followed.• All equipment shall be bonded to the ERICO SRG using low impedance risers. Never connectto strip closest to outside wall.• All raised floors within the computer room should be bolted stringer type.• Every 6th raised floor pedestal in each direction shall be connected to the SRG using a #6AWG concentric copper conductor. The connection to both the pedestal and the SRG shallbe CADWELD.• All columns, conduits, water pipes, ducts, etc. entering the computer room shall be bondedto the SRG (at each end of the room if these are horizontal).• Power distribution panels and power distribution center should be mounted directly to thebuilding steel or bonded to it by a short length of grounding conductor equal to the "greenwire ground" but at least #4 AWG copper. The grounding wire inside any panel or enclosuresupplying AC power to the computer must be bonded to its enclosure.44 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingSignal Reference Grid (SRG)How to SpecifyThe Signal Reference Grid shall be manufactured from 2 inchwide by 26 gauge (0.0159 inch thick) copper strips on 2 foot,600mm or 1200mm centers. All crossovers shall be joined bywelding. The SRG shall be furnished 4 to 16 feet wide. Thesections shall be rolled on tubes with the outside of the rollprotected for shipment. These sections shall be bonded toeach other in the field with CADWELD ® connections.Note:1. Other strip sizes are available2. Other spacing is available3. Roll weight usually limited to about 200 pounds grossweight for convenience (1200 sq. ft.)Figure 43. The pre-fabricated Signal Reference Grid sections are constructed with factory-madeconnections and then each section is connected on site with type TW field made connections.▼Signal Reference Grid RollsPart No. Width (ft) Length (ft) GridSpacingSRGBC120 8 120 2’ x 2’SRGBD100 10 100 2’ x 2’SRGBE100 12 100 2’ x 2’SRGBF100 14 100 2’ x 2’SRGBG100 16 100 2’ x 2’CADWELD Type TW connectionsMold Style Mold Weld HandlePart No. Metal ClampEXOLON XLTWR107A3 XL32 XLL160STANDARD TWR107A3 32 L160How to OrderSignal Reference Grids arecustom-made to suit your needs.Each Grid is comprised onCADWELD Type TW connections,Pedestal connections and SRGsupport clip.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com45

Equipotential BondingSignal Reference Grid (SRG)CADWELD ® Standard Connections to Steel PedestalConductorSizePedestalTypeCADWELDMold Part No.WeldMetalHandleFrame#6 AWG-7 strand 1” round VTP1H005M #15 B399CS#6 AWG-7 strand 7/8” square VGT1H004M #15 B399AS#4 AWG-7 strand 1” round VTP1L003M #15 B399CS#4 AWG-7 strand 7/8” square VGT1L010M #15 B399AS#2 AWG-7 strand 1” round VTP1V004M #15 B399CS#2 AWG-7 strand 7/8” square VGT1V004M #15 B399AS1” RoundCADWELD ® EXOLONLow Emission Welding Process Connections 1ConductorSizePedestalTypeCADWELDMold Part No.WeldMetalHandleFrame#6 AWG-7 strand 1”round XLVTP1H005M XL15XL B399CS#6 AWG-7 strand 7/8” square XLVGP1H004M XL15 XLB399BS#4 AWG-7 strand 1” round XLVTP1L003M XL15 XLB399CS#4 AWG-7 strand 7/8” square XLVGP1L010M XL15 XLB399BS#2 AWG-7 strand 1” round XLVTP1V004M XL15 XLB399CS#2 AWG-7 strand 7/8” square XLVGP1V004M XL15 XLB399BS1See EXOLON Note below7/8” SquareSRG Support ClipWhen retrofitting an existing computer room, the SRG can besupported above the power and data cables with the ERICO ®SRG Support Clip.Part No. B818A01 to fit both 1" round and 7/8" square raisedfloor pedestal.ERITECH ® Low Impedance Riser (LIR)• 26 gauge x 2” x 72” copper strip with 5/16” hole in oneend for connecting to equipment (same material as used inthe SRG)• The LIR is welded to the SRG using the Type TW mold listedin chart above• 40, 481 circular mils• 23 ohms impedance for 12” length at 20 MHz• Part No. B802D01A72CADWELD EXOLON NOTE:CADWELD EXOLON is a lowemission welding process.Required to start the CADWELDEXOLON reaction is the battery packXLB971A1.Welding Tray XLB974B2 can beused under the mold to protectcables and equipment from hotmaterials.It is very useful on retrofit jobs.46 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingSignal Reference Grids & GroundingOther CADWELD ® Connections for Computer Room GroundingBonding Conductor to 26 Gauge X 2” SRGConductor Mold Mold Weld HandleSize Style Part No. Metal Clamp#6-7 Strand CADWELD ® EXOLON 1 XLHAC1H013 XL25 XLL160STANDARD HAC1H013 25 L160#4-7 Strand CADWELD EXOLON 1 XLHAC1L020 XL32 XLL160STANDARD HAC1L020 32 L160#2-7 Strand CADWELD EXOLON 1 XLHAC1V012 XL32 XLL160STANDARD HAC1V012 32 L1601See CADWELD EXOLON Note, Page 46SRGCADWELD Type LA LugConductor Lug Mold Mold WeldSize Part No. 1 Style Part No. 2 Metal#6-7 Strand B101AA CADWELD EXOLON 4 XLLAP1HAA 3 XL25STANDARD LAT1HAA 3 25#4-7 Strand B101AA CADWELD EXOLON 4 XLLAP1LAA XL25STANDARD LAT1LAA 25#2-7 Strand B101AA CADWELD EXOLON 4 XLLAP1VAA XL32STANDARD LAT1VAA 3211/16 x 1/8 Copper lug with one hole for 1/4” screw 3Requires Sleeve B1122Includes Handle Clamp 4See CADWELD EXOLON Note, Page 46CADWELD Type VS to Steel StructureConductor Mold Mold Weld HandleSize Style Part No. Metal Clamp#6-7 Strand CADWELD EXOLON 2 XLVSP1H 1 XL25 IncludedSTANDARD VST1H 1 25 Included#4-7 Strand CADWELD EXOLON 2 XLVSC1L XL45 XLL160STANDARD VSC1L 45 L160#2-7 Strand CADWELD EXOLON 2 XLVSC1V XL45 XLL160STANDARD VSC1V 45 L1601Requires Sleeve B1122See CADWELD EXOLON Note, Page 46Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com47

Equipotential BondingPrefabricated Wire MeshERICO ® prefabricated wire mesh is a convenient, efficient andeconomical means of improving grounding systems at facilitieswith high-voltage installations and wherever large area groundsare required. Equipotential mesh reduces step potentials at powerplants and substations and effectively minimizes ground planefluctuations at communications antenna sites. Wire mesh is also anexcellent ground screen, reflector and electronic shield for largefacilities.ERITECH ® personnel safety mats, made of prefabricated wire mesh,are ideal for systems designed to protect operators against “touchpotentials” at manually operated disconnect switches.Equipotential Mesh / MatsEQUIPOTENTIAL MESH FEATURES• Silver brazed joints provide strength to resist separation duringinstallation and bear the traffic of heavy vehicles• Furnished in rolls up to 20 feet wide• 500 pound maximum weight• Conductor spacing in many rectangular configurations up to24” X 48” in 2” increments• Normally supplied in sections with standard overhang forinterconnecting (1/2 conductor spacing + 2 inches)It can also be supplied with no overhang or other overhangconfigurations.• See figures 46, 47 and 48 where M = conductor spacing, L=total length, W = total widthFigure 44. Prefabricated wire mesh.Figure 45.Wire Choices (Solid Wire)Pure copper (100% conductivity)Copper-clad steel (40% conductivity)Copper-clad steel (30% conductivity)Available in Wire Sizes#6 AWG, #8 AWG, #10 AWG and #12 AWGFigure 46. Standard overhang for interconnectingsections of mesh.Figure 47. No overhang.Figure 48. Half-spacing overhang.48 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingInstallationEquipotential Mesh / MatsFigure 49.1. UNROLL MESH. No digging,trenching or special equipment required- the mesh is simply unrolled over theground.2. INTERCONNECT. Sections of mesh areinterconnected using CADWELD ® TypePG connections.3. FINISHED JOB. Wire mesh cut andspliced to avoid contact with guy anchor.Wire mesh ready to be covered.EASY TO INSTALL• No digging or trenching required• Unroll over the ground• Interconnect by welding to adjacent sections of mesh using theCADWELD process• Weld to the main ground grid in substations or welded to groundrods• May be covered with a layer of earth or crushed stone depending onthe applicationINTERCONNECTING• The CADWELD process provides a rapid and economical method ofinterconnecting mesh in the field• Resulting weld is permanent and corrosion resistant• Current carrying capacity equal to that of the conductorNET WEIGHT (LBS) PER 1000 SQUARE FEETTNOTES: CS = Copper-clad Wire CU = Solid Copper WireAdd 75 pounds per roll for approximate shipping weight.SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONSPrefabricated Wire Mesh shall be manufactured using(a)* AWG bare, solid (b)* wire on a (c)* inch x (c)* inch conductorspacing with all cross connections silver brazed using a 35% silveralloy brazing material and a non-corrosive flux. It shall be (d)* feet,(d)* inches wide by (e)* feet, (e)* inches long with (f)* inchesoverhang on both sides and both ends, and shall be wound on afiber tube with the outside of the roll protected by wood stripsinterconnected with steel wire.* (a) Wire size, #6, #8, #10, or #12 AWG.(b) 30% or 40% conductivity copper-clad or pure copper.(c) 2 inches x 2 inches minimum to 48 inches x 24 inchesmaximum (in 2 inch increments).(d) 20 feet, 4 inches maximum.(e) Maximum length determined by weight, with a 500pound maximum net weight.(f) No overhang, an overhang equal to one-half conductorspacing or an overhang equal to one-half conductorspacing plus 2 inches (for interconnecting).See Figures 46, 47 and 48 on page 48.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com49

Equipotential BondingEquipotential Mesh / MatsFigure 50. Standard safety mat.Figure 51. Safety mat with center wire.Figure 52. Safety mat with overhanging center wire.MAT SIZES4’ X 4’ 4’ X 6’ 4’ X 6’Contact ERICO ® for other sizesCONDUCTOR SPACING2” X 2” to 12” X 12”(in 2 inch increments)CENTER WIRE OPTION5/16 (approx. 1/0)5/16 (approx. 1/0)with or without 6” overhangNET WEIGHT (LBS) EACH STANDARD MATTNOTES: Weights are for copper-clad wire. Add 10% forapproximate weight of solid copper wire. Safetymats are palletized for shipment. Add 50 poundsper pallet for gross weight. Maximum of 100 matsper pallet.SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONSStandard Personnel Safety Mats:Prefabricated personnel safety mats shall be manufactured using (a)*AWG bare, solid (b)* wire on (c)* inches x (c)* inches conductorspacing. All cross connections shall be silver brazed using a 35% silverbrazing alloy and a non-corrosive flux. Overall mat size shall be (d)*feet x (d)* feet.Mats With Center Wire:Prefabricated personnel safety mats shall be manufactured using (a)*AWG bare, solid (b)* wire on (c)* inches x (c)* inches conductorspacing with (e)* diameter solid copper center wire through the (f)*length overhanging each end (g)* inches. All cross connections shallbe silver brazed using a 35% silver brazing alloy and a non-corrosiveflux. Overall mat size shall be (d)* feet x (d)* feet.* (a) #4, #6 or #8 AWG.(b)30% or 40% conductivity copper-clad or purecopper (#4 available only in pure copper).(c) Minimum of 2 inches, maximum of 12 inches in 2inch increments.(d)(e)(f)Standard sizes are 4 feet x 4 feet and 4 feet x 6 feetwith maximum 6 feet x 8 feet.5/16 inch (1/0 solid) or 3/8 inch (2/0 solid).Stranded cable is also available.Longest or shortest.(g) Center wire is either flush (0 inch overhang) or 6inches overhang (see Figures 51 and 52).Other overhangs are also available.50 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingEquipotential Mesh / MatsPrefabricated Wire Mesh Signal Reference Grid ApplicationForapplicationsof mesh used assignal referencegrid (SRG) embeddedin the concrete floor,a CADWELD ® CastGround Plate is mountedflush with the finishedfloor and connected tothe mesh. Futureequipment is thenconnected to thegroundplate.CADWELDCast Ground PlateSee catalog A1ACADWELDLugsSee catalog A1A1/2" PipeCADWELDSee catalog A1ATo EquipmentGroundCADWELDSee catalog A1AERITECHMeshERITECHGround BarSee page 32Figure 53.ERITECH ® Wire Mesh and Personnel Safety Mat ConnectionsType PG - Joining Adjacent Sections of Wire MeshSolid Wire Sizes Welder 1 Weld(AWG#)Metal6 Copper PGT-06CU #256 Copper-clad PGT-06CS 158 Copper PGT-08CU 158 Copper-clad PGT-08CS 1510 Copper PGT-10CU 1510 Copper-clad PGT-10CS 151Includes mold handles.Type PT - Cable to Wire Mesh or Safety MatMat Cable Mold 2 WeldWireMetal#6 1/0 PTC-1G2C #65Solid 2/0 PTC-1G2G 654/0 PTC-1G2Q 90#8 1/0 PTC-1D2C 65Solid 2/0 PTC-1D2G 654/0 PTC-1D2Q 90#10 1/0 PTC-1A2C 65Solid 2/0 PTC-1A2G 654/0 PTC-1A2Q 902Molds require L-160 handle clamps - order separatelyPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com51

Equipotential BondingPrefabricated Wire MeshEquipotential Mesh / MatsType SS and PT - Safety Mat Center-Wire ConnectionsMat Pigtail Cable Size Type SS Type PTSolid Stranded Mold No. 1 Weld Metal Mold No. Weld Metal1/0 1/0 SSC-2C2B #65 PTC-2B2C #1151/0 2/0 SSC-2G2B 65 PTC-2B2G 1151/0 3/0 SSC-2L2B 90 PTC-2B2L 1501/0 4/0 SSC-2Q2B 90 PTC-2B2Q 1501Molds require L-160 handle clamps - order separately52 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingTemporary Protective Grounding JumpersERITECH ® Cable Connections to ClampsProper cable end preparation is of vital importance. The applied endsare called ferrules. There are two common preparation methods –both methods have limitations.The soldered ferrules rely on a filler (solder) which melts at a lowtemperature. This, along with the forces associated with faults, couldcause failure before the fault clears.The crimp or compression ferrules, while somewhat better, rely onsurface contacts. These are subject to damage from over-compression,loosening from under-compression, and corrosion, causing an increasein resistance.CADWELD ® offers a better alternative.1. Some clamps require a plain solid stud. For these, a casting ofCADWELD metal of the correct diameter is made directly to theflexible conductor end. The cable insulation is securely clamped formechanical support (Figure 54).2. Some clamps require a threaded stud. For this style, a threadedsilicon bronze stud is welded to the conductor end with aCADWELD connection (Figure 55). These clamps do not providea means of cable support. A heat shrink is therefore applied tothe conductor over the insulation and CADWELD connection.Plain Stud StyleCable Mold Sleeve Weld StudSize Part No. Part No. Metal Dia.#2 PNC1W001 S429F1W12 #65 7/16”1/0 PNC2E001 S429F2E 90 5/8”2/0 PNC2J001 S429F2J 115 5/8”4/0 PNC2S001 S429F2S 200 3/4”Fixture B523 is recommended for all sizes listed. Clamp holds cable in position.Plate supports mold. Bolts to edge of bench.Heat shrink available in both A130C1 (black) and A130A3 (clear)Threaded Stud StyleCable Stud Stud Kit Mold Sleeve WeldSize Size Part No. Part No. Part No. Metal#2 1/2”-13 K-163* SSC1W001 S429F1W12 #455/8”-11 K-164* SSC1W004 S429F1W12 651/0 1/2”-13 K-163* SSC2E004 S429F2E16 655/8”-11 K-164* SSC2E007 S429F2E16 652/0 1/2”-13 K-163* SSC2J004 S429F2J16 655/8”-11 K-164* SSC2J007 S429F2J16 654/0 1/2”-13 K-163* SSC2S004 S429F2S16 905/8”-11 K-164* SSC2S005 S429F2S16 90*Kit includes threaded silicon bronze stud, split lock washer and nut, plus black heat shrink tube.For kit with clear heat shrink, add suffix “C” to part number.Figure 54Figure 55Ordering information:MoldSleeveWeld MetalHeat ShrinkL160 Handle Clamp(average life of 50 connections)(1 required per connection)(1 required per connection)(1 required per connection)(includes flint ignitor)Figure 56Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com53

Equipotential BondingBonding DevicesERITECH ® Prefabricated Lug bondsPrefabricated lug bonds are custom made to specifications. Common usageincludes cable tray bonding and grounding, structure bonds, surge arresterleads and power jumpers.• Made with bare annealed copper cable• Tinned copper lugs welded to the cable with CADWELD ® connectionsCABLE Lug LUG BOND PART NO.*Size Str. Size (in.) One Hole Two Hole One Hole 45° Two Hole 45°4 7 1/8 x 1 B-212-1L-A B-213-1L-A B-214-1L-A B-215-1L-A2 7 1/8 x 1 B-212-1V-A B-213-1V-A B-214-1V-A B-215-1V-A1 7 1/8 x 1 B-212-1Y-A B-213-1Y-A B-214-1Y-A B-215-1Y-A1/0 7 1/8 x 1 B-212-2C-A B-213-2C-A B-214-2C-A B-215-2C-A2/0 7 1/8 x 1 B-212-2G-A B-213-2G-A B-214-2G-A B-215-2G-A4/0 7 3/16 x 1 B-212-2Q-A B-213-2Q-A B-214-2Q-A B-215-2Q-A250 19 3/16 x 1 B-212-2V-A B-213-2V-A B-214-2V-A B-215-2V-ACABLE Lug LUG BOND PART NO.*Size Str. Size (in.) One Hole Two Hole One Hole 45° Two Hole 45°4 7 1/8 x 1 B-216-1L-A B-217-1L-A B-218-1L-A B-219-1L-A2 7 1/8 x 1 B-216-1V-A B-217-1V-A B-218-1V-A B-219-1V-A1 7 1/8 x 1 B-216-1Y-A B-217-1Y-A B-218-1Y-A B-219-1Y-A1/0 7 1/8 x 1 B-216-2C-A B-217-2C-A B-218-2C-A B-219-2C-A2/0 7 1/8 x 1 B-216-2G-A B-217-2G-A B-218-2G-A B-219-2G-A4/0 7 3/16 x 1 B-216-2Q-A B-217-2Q-A B-218-2Q-A B-219-2Q-A250 19 3/16 x 1 B-216-2V-A B-217-2V-A B-218-2V-A B-219-2V-A* “A” indicates bond length in inches54 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingERITECH ® Bond AssembliesBonding DevicesPrefabricated cable to reinforcing bar bonding assemblies. Catalog numberedassembly includes 18” of #4 reinforcing bar with an exothermic weld to 5 ft. ofcopper cable. Wire tie or weld bar to construction steel before pouring concreteand route cable tail to down lead or ground lead location.Part No.LP-P691LP-P692LP-P693DescriptionBar with LP-C122 Copper Cable (For Class I Systems)Bar with LP-C126 Copper Cable (For Class II Systems)Bar with LP-C137 Copper Cable (4/0 conc)ERITECH Arc Weldable BondsFlash welded (19 strand) concentric cable to steel rod for bonding connection tostructural steel and to rebar. Arc weldable bonds are an economical alternative toexothermic welding when only a few connections need to be made and an arcwelder is available on site. The rod is sized to match the ampacity of the cable forfault currents. Complete instructions are provided.Part Cable RodNo.EWB2G9164 2/0 x 4’ long .562” dia x 8” longEWB2L584 3/0 x 4’ long .625” dia x 8” longEWB2Q344 4/0 x 4’ long .750” dia x 8” longAll cable is 19 strand concentricWelding To RebarWelding To Building SteelFigure 57. Figure 58.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com55

Equipotential BondingTemporary Protective Grounding JumpersERITECH ® CopperBonding StrapsFlexible Copper Bonding Straps with one lughole at each end. Copper is tinned forbimetallic use. Extra flexible construction foruse on hinged or sliding door bond and onvibrating machinery bond. Lug holes for 1/4”diameter bolt.Description Part Number Ampacity A Length Hole Width PalmInches Size Inches LengthMBJ 25-100-10 556670 150 4 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 25-150-10 556680 150 6 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 25-200-6 563340 150 8 1/4 1 1 1/4MBJ 25-200-10 556690 150 8 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 25-200-12 563430 150 8 1/2 1 1 1/4MBJ 25-250-10 556700 150 10 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 25-300-10 556710 150 12 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 25-500-10 556950 150 20 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 30-100-10 556720 180 4 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 30-150-10 556730 180 6 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 30-200-10 556740 180 8 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 30-250-10 556750 180 10 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 30-300-10 556760 180 12 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 30-500-10 556960 180 20 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 35-100-10 556770 197 4 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 35-150-10 556780 197 6 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 35-200-10 556790 197 8 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 35-250-10 556800 197 10 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 35-250-25 565000 197 10 1 1 1/2 2MBJ 35-300-10 556810 197 12 3/8 1 1 1/4MBJ 35-500-10 556970 197 20 3/8 1 1 1/4Flexible Jumpers are available in 2/0 and 4/0 AWG sizes.Fence Post & Gate GroundingERITECH Flexible Jumpers - Factory MadeMade from welding cable, both conductor flexibility and strand protection are provided. ERITECHFlexible Jumpers are used to bond gates, switch operating handles and any other item wheremovement or vibration requires a flexible grounding jumper.The connections are made with CADWELD ® exothermic connections using thesame mold used for all your other fence post connections.Conductor Pedestal Use MoldSizeType2/0 AWG FJ2Gxx for 2/0 Concentric4/0 AWG FJ2Qxx for 4/0 Concentricxx is length in inches. 24” carried in stock.Jumper or Pipe CADWELD Weld MetalConductor Size Size Mold Part No Size2/0 * VBC-2G-008-V* #901-1/4 to 3 1/2 VBC-2G-009 904/0 * VBC-2Q-006-V* 1151-1/4 to 3 1/2 VBC-2Q-003 115*Made to exact pipe size. Add nominal pipe size mold to part number.Type VBType VBType VBType TAType VBType VB56 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingFence Post & Gate GroundingERITECH ® Flexible Jumpers - Field MadeUse your own inexpensive welding cable for grounding substation and other critical metal fencegates. The CADWELD ® connection, giving you a permanent molecular bond, saves approximately80% of the cost of braided cable and clamps. CADWELD connections can not loosen, are not subjectto galvanic corrosion, and provide higher ampacity than the cable itself. Heat shrink tubing may beapplied over the exposed ends.Type VBHow to order1. Select welding cable size.2. To base mold number, add appropriate data for round or square posts or frames.3. Two corresponding sleeves are required for each welding cable jumper.4. Two corresponding units of weld metal are required for each welding cable jumper.Tooling1. B-160-V combination E-Z Change Handle and Pipe Clamp fits pipe to 4 inches (ID).2. B-158 extra chain is available in 20-inch lengths with one splice link.Gate Frame to Gate Post BondsWelding Mold Number Sleeve WeldCable Base Number Metal(AWG#) Number Size4 VSC-1N* S429F-1N12 452 VSC-1W* S429F-1W12 451 VSC-2A* S429F-2A12 651/0 VSC-2E* S429F-2E16 902/0 VSC-2J* S429F-2J16 903/0 VSC-2N* S429F-2N16 1154/0 VSC-2S* S429F-2S16 115* For round posts, add V followed by IPS size. Example: VSC-2E-V2.50.For square posts, add VPS15 for 1.5”, VPS20 for 2.0”, VPS25 for 2.5”,VPS30 for 3.0”**. Example: VSC-2E-VPS25.**For “D” and “F” price key molds only.Weld MetalMoldChainPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com57

Equipotential BondingERITECH ® ClampsFence Post & Gate GroundingWhen CADWELD ® connections cannot be made to aluminum pipe or thin-wall steel tube, theCADWELD ground clamp solves your grounding problem.• Made of tinned electrolytic copper• Stainless-steel hardware• Available for 1- to 4-inch nominal pipe sizes (Larger sizes on special order)• Available for field welding or with factory-fabricated cable and/or flex leadsFactory-Fabricated Assemblies Clamps Only -for Field-Welded ConnectionsNominal Single Lead Double LeadPipe Size Assembly 1 Assembly 1Fig. 60 Fig. 61*1” A235A- “XL” A237A- “XL”1-1/4” A235B- “XL” A237B- “XL”1-1/2” A235C- “XL” A237C- “XL”2” A235D- “XL” A237D- “XL”2-1/2” A235E- “XL” A237E- “XL”3” A235F- “XL” A237F- “XL”3-1/2” A235G- “XL” A237G- “XL”4” A235H- “XL” A237H- “XL”1Add “RH” or “LH” suffix to part number to indicate Right Hand or Left Hand*“XL” is code for cable size and lengthNominal Clamp Part No.Pipe Size Fig. 591” B522A1-1/4” B522B1-1/2” B522C2” B522D2-1/2” B522E3” B522F3-1/2” B522G4” B522H5” B522J6” B522KFigure 59.Field-made ConnectionsFigure 60.With a Ground Lead(Left Hand Shown)Factory-Fabricated AssembliesCable Mold W/M1/0 LAC2C002 #652/0 LAC2G002 #654/0 LAC2Q002 #90Figure 61.With Two Ground LeadsGate Post Frame Gate AssemblySize Size Part No. 1 Part No. 1Nominal Nominal Fig. 62 Fig. 63*2-1/2” 1-1/4” A238EB2S- “Y” A239EB2S- “Y”-“XL”1-1/2” A238EC2S- “Y” A239EC2S- “Y”-“XL”3” 1-1/4” A238FB2S- “Y” A239FB2S- “Y”-“XL”1-1/2” A238FC2S- “Y” A239FC2S- “Y”-“XL”3-1/2” 1-1/4” A238GB2S- “Y” A239GB2S- “Y”-“XL”1-1/2” A238GC2S- “Y” A239GC2S- “Y”-“XL”4” 1-1/4” A238HB2S- “Y” A239HB2S- “Y”-“XL”1-1/2” A238HC2S- “Y” A239HC2S- “Y”-“XL”1Add “RH” or “LH” suffix to part number to indicate Right Hand or Left Hand* “Y” is the length of the flexible cable jumper in inches.All flexible cable sizes in the above listed part numbers are 4/0.“XL” is the ground lead conductor size and length“X” is the conductor size code as shown in the table.“L” is the length in feet.EXAMPLE: Figure 63. Assembly with a 4/0 24-inch flex and a 4/0 ground lead 4 feet longto a 3-1/2 inch gate post clamp, and a 1-1/2 inch gate frame clamp A239GC2S242Q4“X”Conductor CodingSize Code1/0 2C2/0 2G4/0 2Q7/#7 9C7/#5 9E19/#9 9FFigure 62.Figure 63.58 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Equipotential BondingReference DataSteel Pipe SizesStandard Weight (Schedule 40)Nominal O.D. O.D.*1” 1.315 1-5/16”1-1/4” 1.660 1-5/8”1-1/2” 1.900 1-7/8”2” 2.375 2-3/8”2-1/2” 2.875 2-7/8”3” 3.500 3-1/2”3-1/2” 4.000 4”4” 4.500 4-1/2”* To nearest fraction.Fence Post & Gate GroundingOther Standard Sections Used for Fence PostsSection CADWELD ®Mold Code1-1/2” Square PS152” Square PS202-1/2” Square PS253” Square PS30*1.875 x 1.625 x 0.133 “H” PH12.25 x 1.95 x 0.143 “H” PH2* For D or F Mold Price only.Examples for CADWELD Molds:1. A 4-inch outside-diameter pipe is a 3-1/2 inch nominalpipe size. The mold number for a 4/0 concentricconductor to this pipe would be:VSC-2Q-V 3.503-1/2 inch nominal pipe sizeFor vertical pipeBase number (for flat surface)2. A nominal 2 x 2-1/4 inch H section uses mold code PH2.A 4/0 Type VB weld to this post would be VBC-2Q-PH2.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com59

Static Grounding and BondingStatic Grounding & Bonding ComponentsConductorsConductor TerminationsCOILSGROUNDING CLAMPS“C” CLAMPSABA822SB111C-20REELSA822SA111C-XB2610AB2615BB2614AB2618AB2618BB2615CCABLESB2617AA805A01F-XA806A3F-XA822SAS-XB2611AB2615AOther DevicesDOOR & FRAME PIPE CLAMPS GROUND BARSB750AB570AB2616ASeriesCWPIJEGB SeriesGROUND PLATES & TABS AIRCRAFT GROUNDING CONNECTORS & TOOLSB1622QB166LugT031DJB2621A166 SeriesB165SpliceESBP4Specifications For Static GroundingAll materials such as conductors, clamps and connectors shall be sized properly and installed correctly to conduct and dissipate static charges in aharmless way. Non-inductive resistance may be added in some applications. Manufacturer’s recommendations regarding component selection andinstallation shall be followed except where superseded by engineer’s specifications.60 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Static Grounding and BondingStatic Grounding ConductorsERITECH ® CablesA805A01F SeriesBare Bronze Cable, Extra Flexible, 3/16” DiameterPart No.A805A01F-5A805A01F-10A805A01F-20Length5’ Cable10’ Cable20’ CableA806A3F SeriesOrange Insulated Bronze Cable, Extra Flexible, 3/16” DiameterPart No.A806A03F-5A806403F-10A806A03F-20Length5’ Cable10’ Cable20’ CableA822SAS SeriesBare Stainless Steel Cable, 1/8” DiameterPart No.A822SAS-5A822SAS-10A822SAS-20Length5’ Cable10’ Cable20’ CableERITECH Cable Reels and CoilsA822SA111C SeriesGalvanized steel, 1/8” Orange Insulated Coiled CablePart No.A822SA111C-5A822SA111C-10A822SA111C-20Length5’ Cable10’ Cable20’ CablePh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com61

Static Grounding and BondingStatic Grounding Conductors & ClampsERITECH ® Cable Reels and CoilsA822SB11CGalvanized steel, 3/16” Orange Insulated Coiled CablePart No.A822SB111C20Length20’ Cable20’ Cable Reel B2618ACable Length: 20’, Cable Size: 3/32” Dia. Bare Stainless Steel,Bare Bronze Cable, Extra FlexibleFeaturesTwo 1/4” bolt holes to affixUses only one cable terminator.Other end of cable is grounded through metal reel case.Plated bolting surfaces and base.1/4” Bolt Holes50’ Cable Reel B2618BCable Length: 50’, Cable Size: 3/32” Dia. Bare Stainless SteelFeaturesTwo 1/2” bolt holes to affixUses only one cable terminator.Other end of cable is grounded through metal reel case.Plated bolting surfaces and base.1/2” Bolt HolesERITECH Static Grounding ClampsB2610A Spring Clamp (Fig. 64)Bare Bronze Cable, Extra Flexible• Die Cast Aluminum• Max Jaw Opening: 1”• Throat Depth: 1”• Max Cable Size: 1/8”• Contact Points: 2 ea., Stainless Steel• Release Harness: Not AvailableFigure 64.62 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Static Grounding and BondingERITECH ® Static Grounding ClampsB2611A Spring Clamp (Fig. 65)• Die Cast Aluminum• Max Jaw Opening: 1-1/2”• Throat Depth: 2”• Max Cable Size: 3/16”• Contact Points: 3 ea., Stainless Steel• Release Harness: IncludedStatic Grounding ClampsFigure 65.B2614A Spring Clamp (Fig. 66)• Bronze• Max Jaw Opening: 1”• Throat Depth: 2-1/2”• Max Cable Size: 3/16”• Length: 9-1/2”• Contact Points: 3 ea., Stainless Steel• Release Harness: IncludedFigure 66.B2617A Aircraft Grounding Clamp (Fig. 67)• Die Cast Aluminum• Max Jaw Opening: 3/4”• Throat Depth: 5/32”• Max Cable Size: 4-1/2”• Contact Points: Plated Steel• Release Harness: Not Available• Fits rods up to 3/4” and CADWELD ® Aircraft Grounding• Receptacles B165 and B166Figure 67.ERITECH “C” Clamps“C” Clamp B2615B (Fig. 68)• Bronze• Max Jaw Opening: 1-1/4”• Throat Depth: 1-1/2”• Max Cable Size: 3/16”• Length: 2-1/2”• Contact Point: Bronze, Includes Crimp LugFigure 68.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com63

Static Grounding and BondingERITECH ® “C” ClampsHeavy Duty “C” Clamps (Fig. 69)• Painted Steel• Max Jaw Opening: 3/8”• Throat Depth: 1/2”• Max Cable Size: 3/16”• Length: 3”• Contact Points: Hardened Steel• Includes 5’ of 3/16” orange insulated bronze cablewelded to the clamp with heat shrink over weld areaStatic Grounding ClampsFigure 69.“C” Clamp B2615A (Fig. 70)• Bronze• Max Jaw Opening: 2”• Throat Depth: 2”• Max Cable Size: 3/16”• Length: 6”• Contact Points: Carboloy• Includes Cable ClampFigure 70.ERITECH Pipe ClampsB2616A Series Pipe Clamps• Bronze• Pipe Clamps: Individual Clamps to fit pipes from 1/2” to 6”.• Max Cable Size: 3/16”• Use lug to connect to clamp.Part No. Pipe Size FigureCWP1J 1/2”-1” 71B2616A-20 1-1/4” 72B2616A-24 1-1/2” 72B2616A-32 2” 72B2616A-40 2-1/2” 72B2616A-48 3” 72B2616A-64 4” 72B2616/A-96 6” 72Figure 71.Figure 72.64 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Static Grounding and BondingStatic Grounding ComponentsERITECH ® Copperbonded Aircraft Tie Down RodsSpecifications663400 Nominal 3/4” diameter x 10’ length1-1/2”5”ERITECH Depression Mold DM58341”10’Plastic for making 3” x 6”x 2.5” deep depression inconcrete pour aroundloop in aircraft tie-down.ERITECH Aircraft Grounding receptaclesfor CADWELD ® Process• Copper alloy castings for use in static grounding systems ofaircraft refueling areas• Easily connected to grounding system conductor and/or ground rods• Designed for simple installation with flush paved surfaces• 3/4” cast ball, 3/4” removable ball, 3/4” cast bar or 1-1/2” barattachment points availableCBALL, 3/4" DIA. (B165R)BALL, 5/8" DIA. (B165)AB165 Depth A, from grade to level of support 4-1/2”Diameter C at grade level 2-3/4”Attachment PointCast 3/4” ball1/2" PIPE FORTYPE RA & RBCONNECTIONSB165R Depth A, from grade to level of support 4-1/2”Diameter C at grade level 2-3/4”Attachment PointRemovable 3/4” ballATTACHMENTBARB166 Depth A, from grade to level of support 6-1/4”Diameter B, maximum ring size 4-3/4”Diameter C at grade level 3-7/8”Attachment Point3/4” diameterB167 Depth A, from grade to level of support 7-1/4”Diameter B, maximum ring size 6-1/2”Diameter C at grade level 4-3/4”Attachment Point1-1/2” diameterBCANotes:1. Aircraft static grounding clamp B2617A can be used to connect to the B165, B165Rand B166.2. See Catalog A1A for CADWELD connections to aircraft grounding receptacles.1/2" PIPE FORTYPE RA & RBCONNECTIONSPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com65

Static Grounding and BondingLPC680• Cast bronze aircraft receptacle• Standard pin connection• Chain retained cover plate• Couple directly to 3/4” sectional rod or 3/4” extension rod• Install flush with finish floor surfaceStatic Grounding ComponentsERITECH ® Aircraft Grounding Receptaclesfor Sectional Ground RodsLPC681• Cast bronze aircraft receptacle• Standard pin connection• Chain retained cover plate• Spring clip to secure cover plate• Couple directly to 3/4” sectional rod or 3/4” extension rod• Install flush with finish floor surfaceLPC680LPC681ERITECH B750A Static Grab Bar• Stainless Steel• Length: 18”• Furnished with 6’ of 1/0 AWG copper conductor with a tinned copper lug• CADWELD ® lug attached for connecting to the ground system.Application - Touch before entry into static controlled assembly area.ERITECH B750A Metal Door Bond• Bond Part Number B570A12 (12”)• CADWELD Mold with Frame and Flint Ignitor: VET012• CADWELD Weld Metal: #25Application - Industrial metal doors can be bonded to metal door frames withERICO 3/16” bronze flexible cable. The connections are made to the door and doorframe using the CADWELD process.66 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Ground TestingGround Test EquipmentApplicationsERICO ® Inc. offers a complete range of Ground/Earth ResistanceTesters. The units are lightweight and portable for ease of use in thefield. Their robust design and splash-proof construction help themwithstand extreme conditions. The units’ large LCD display showsrequired test connections and features a complete automatic testsequence for selected operations.Three units are offered in the range. The Handy Earth Tester EST101is a small handheld unit that can complete the 2-pole resistancemeasurement and the 3-pole earthing resistance measurement, aswell as a ground to neutral impedance test.The Earth System Tester EST201 is a slightly larger yet still portableunit and adds the capability to perform 4-pole resistancemeasurements for the determination of soil resistivity.The Universal Earth System Tester EST301 provides the samemeasurement capabilities as the EST201 in addition to clamp-onselective and stakeless measurement capabilities. Clamp-onselective provides the ability to measure the resistance ofinterlinked ground/earth systems without the influence fromparallel ground paths. This capability is ideal for systems which arepermanently bonded using CADWELD ® exothermically weldedconnections.The ESTREELKIT500 is a set of two 500’ long test leads on heavydutyreels, ideal for three point fall-of-potential measurements atlarge sites.No matter what the application, there is sure to be a Ground Testersuited to fit your many diverse ground/earth measuring needs.EST101 – Handy Ground Tester• 2 pole resistance and 3 pole ground/earth resistance measurements@128Hz• GTN adapter cable provides Ground to Neutral impedance tests on livecircuits per IEEE Std. 1100-1992• Provided as a complete kit which includes required cables, leads, groundstakes, carrying case and carry belt• Large high contrast liquid crystal display with easy to understandgraphics and symbols• Microprocessor controlled to automate the measuring process• Lightweight and portable for ease of use in the field• Automatic recognition of connection of measuring leads and itsconnections to earthEST201 – Ground System Tester• 2 pole resistance and 3 pole ground/earth resistance measurements@94/105/111/128Hz• 4 pole resistance measurement for determining soil resistivity• Provided as a complete kit which includes required cables, leads, groundstakes, carrying case and Grounding Tutorial book• Large high contrast liquid crystal display with easy to understandgraphics and symbols• Microprocessor controlled to automate the measuring process• Lightweight and portable for ease of use in the field• Automatic recognition of connection of measuring leads and itsconnections to earthPh: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com67

Ground TestingGround Test EquipmentEST301 – Universal Ground System Tester• 2 pole resistance and 3 pole ground/earth resistance measurements@94/105/111/128Hz• 4 pole resistance measurement for determining soil resistivity• Clamp-on selective and stakeless measurement capabilities with clamp• Large high contrast liquid crystal display with easy to understandgraphics and symbols• Microprocessor controlled to automate the measuring process• Lightweight and portable for ease of use in the field• Automatic recognition of connection of measuring leads and itsconnections to earthESTREELKIT500 - Cable Reels• 2 Heavy Duty insulated thermoplastic 11" diameter reels with integralcarrying handle, rugged base, and cranks for fast test lead retrieval• Test Leads are marked every 25 feet for easy auxiliary ground test stakepositioning• 500 feet of #18 Silicone Rubber Insulated Wire on each reel, twodifferent colors for easy stake identification• The far end of test lead remains attached to reel base, which eliminatestangling and speeds up the process of test stake deployment. A jackbuilt into the reel base connects the test lead to the test stake with anincluded jumper68 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical SectionERITECH ® Copper Bonded and Hot Dipped Galvanized Ground Rods1.0 Copper Clad Ground RodsERITECH copper clad steel ground rods are manufactured indiameters of 1/2", 5/8", 3/4" and 1”. They are available in pointed orsectional (threaded) finishes as well as different thickness of plating.1.1 Steel1035 Steel – cold drawn to ASTM A1080 and AISI C1017standards, except for 3/4”, which uses 1018 steel. Tensilestrengths are as follows:Rod Diameter Average Range3/8” 86,500 psi 75-95,000 psi1/2” 86,500 psi 75-95,000 psi5/8” MIN. 90,000 psi 90,000 +3/4” MIN. 90,000 psi 90,000 +1” MIN. 90,000 psi 90,000 +1.2 Copper PlatingThe copper is applied electrolytically, forming a metallurgicalbond between the steel core and the copper. The copper istype DHP alloy #122CDA and is rated at 99.95% copper. Theend result is a high quality bond between copper, nickel andsteel. ERITECH plates to thickness of 0.005", 0.010", and0.013". For rods plated over 0.010" there is a tolerance of+.002" and -.00".1.3 Finishing1.3.1 Diameter: measurements based on finished platedproduct.Rod SizeAverage Diameter1/2” .500”5/8” .561”3/4” .677”1” .910”1.3.2 Plating Thickness: the copper plating can becontrolled to the following thickness levels and iscontinuous over the rod with the exception of thepointed and chamfered ends.Mil ThicknessAverage Diameter5 mil .0050”10 mil .010”13 mil .013”1.3.3 Machining:1.4 Marking of RodsStandard pointed rods are conical pointed to 60degrees on one end and are cut square andchamfered at the other end. Sectional threaded rodsare roll-threaded to provide American Standardcourse thread requirements with a class 2 fit. Oneend of a sectional rod is threaded with a “flat” pointand the other end is a threaded chamfered end.Standard lengths are 6, 8, and 10 feet with atolerance of +5/8" and –0".Each rod is imprinted within 12" of the top of the rod with:part number indicating rod diameter and length, manufacturerlogo and UL mark (when listed).1.5 PackagingGround rods shall be packaged in bundles with reinforcedtape or metal banding and then bound securely in steelstrapped master bundle.Rod Size Bundle Quantity Master Bundle Quantity1/2” 10 1005/8” 10 1003/4” 5 501” 1 251.6 ReferencesUnderwriters Laboratories UL 467National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA 8CC-5/GR-1American National Standards Institute ANSI C33-8ASTM A1080; AISI C1017 for steelNaval Facility Engineering Command NAVFACENGCOM12.1Military Handbook MILHANDBOOK419RUS – 13 mil. Thick coating only2.0 Hot Dipped Galvanized Ferrous Ground RodsERITECH hot dipped galvanized ground rods aremanufactured in diameters of 1/2", 5/8", 3/4" and 1" andare only available with a pointed finish.2.1 SteelHot rolled carbon 1018/1035 steel core shall be in accordancewith ASTM A-36. Steel shall have a tensile range of 58,000 –80,000 PSI.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com69

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical Section2.2 PlatingThe zinc coating will be hot dipped galvanized inaccordance with ASTM A153-78.2.3 Finishing – ground rods shall be free of seams, slivers andother injurious defects.2.3.1 Diameter and Permissible Variations:Rod Size InchDiameter Tolerance (Inch)1/2” +.010-.0205/8” +.010-.0303/4” +.010-.0301” +.010-.0302.3.2 Length and Permissible Variations:Rod Size Inch Length (feet) Length Tolerance (Inches)1/2” 5, 6 +/- 15/8” 6, 8 +/- 33/4” 6, 8, 10 +/- 31” 8, 10 +/- 32.3.3 Machining:Standard rods are conical pointed to 60 degrees onone end and are cut square and chamfered at theother end.ERITECH ® Chemical Ground RodsHow to Specify a Chemical Ground RodThe chemical ground rod shall be UL Listed to UL 467. It shalloperate by hygroscopic extraction of moisture from the air toactivate the electrolytic process to improve performance. Theground rod can be 100% self activated or initiated with theaddition of water at time of installation. No additional water shallbe required thereafter for the life of the system.The ground electrode shall come in a kit, complete with all thecomponents required to complete the installation. The electrodeshall be constructed of copper tube with an internal diameternot less than 50.8 mm (2") and a wall thickness not less than2.0 mm (0.08").The tube shall be permanently capped on the bottom and have aremovable cap on the top. The UL nameplate shall appear on thetop cap. Air breather holes shall be provided in the top cap anddrainage holes shall be provided along the length of the tube fordrainage of electrolyte solution into the surrounding soil.The ground electrode shall be a minimum of 10’ long for verticalinstallations or for a horizontal (L shaped) installation be of no lessthan 10’ on the horizontal with an access segment of 32" vertical2.4 Marking of RodsEach rod is imprinted within 12" of the top of the rod with:manufacturer logo, and part number indicating rod diameterand length.2.5 PackagingGround rods shall be packaged in bundles with reinforcedtape or metal banding and then bound securely in steelstrapped master bundles.Rod Size Bundle Quantity Master Bundle Quantity1/2” 10 1005/8” 10 1003/4” 5 501” 1 253.0 ReferencesNational Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA 8CC-5/GR-1ASTM A-36 for steelASTM A153-78 for platingANSI C135.30 – 1979RUSlength. Where the requirement is for a length greater than 20’,the sections shall be in segments of 10’.There shall be a copper pigtail wire of not less than 4‘ in lengthpermanently attached to the side of the tube via CADWELD ® . Thetube shall be pre-charged with salts of Calcium and Sodium inequal proportions. Bentonite clay shall be included in sufficientquantity to be placed around the bottom of vertically installedrods and around the horizontal section of L-shaped rods.A permanent, stable, high conductivity, back-fill material that ishygroscopic in nature and will not shrink, contract or separatefrom the electrode due to loss of ambient soil moisture shall beprovided in sufficient volume to fill the rest of the hole for thevertical installation and around the horizontal and vertical sectionsof the L-shaped rod. This material shall be a highly conductivecompound composed of chemically stable materials includinghydraulic cement, high quality calcined carbon and rheologicaladditives.An inspection well shall protect the chemical rod, while allowingnecessary air and moisture to enter. It shall open easily forinspection and future recharging if required.70 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical SectionERITECH ® Fence Post and Gate Grounding SpecificationsThe IEEE Std 80-2000 discusses fence grounding in paragraph 17.3.Fence bonding and grounding are of major importance in substationgrounding because:1. Dangerous “touch” potentials are involved.2. The outside of the fence is usually accessible to the public.3. The fence is often at the edge of the ground grid, where thesurface potentials are highest.There are two methods used in designing the fence groundingsystem:1. Tie the fence grounding system into the sub-station groundgrid (Figure 73). This method must be used if the fence iswithin the ground grid area.2. Use a separate fence ground if the fence is outside the groundgrid area (Figure 74).If the fence ground is tied to the grid, the grid size is increased, whichreduces both the grid resistance and the ground grid voltage rise.However, the internal and perimeter gradients must be kept withinsafe limits because the fence is also at the full potential rise. This canbe accomplished by burying a perimeter conductor 3 to 4 feet outsidethe fence and bonding the fence and the conductor together at closeintervals (Figure 75). The conductor could be buried under the fenceline if one is unable to place it outside, but the touch potential for aperson standing one meter outside the fence could exceed tolerablelevels and be unsafe to touch. (1)With the perimeter conductor one meter outside the fence, a workerstanding inside the fence will have an increase in touch potential, butonly about 10%.If the fence is not connected to the main grid (Figure 74), one mustconsider:1. Could an energized line fall on the fence?2. Could other hazardous potentials exist during other types offaults?3. Can the fence really be completely isolated from the main gridall the time, including future expansions?(1)Based on IEEE Std. 80-2000 (17.3 case 2). Refer to paragraphs 17.3 and 17.4 tosee effects of various grounding practices on fence touch potential.Fence GroundFenceFenceGridGridFigure 73. Figure 74.FenceFenceGridGroundOverheadLineGridFigure 75. Figure 76.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com71

Grounding Products and SystemsThe National Electrical Safety Code ® (NESC) and IEEE/ANSI C2-1997contain several changes to the grounding requirements of fences fromthe previous editions. This edition requires per Rule 92E:Technical SectionERITECH ® Fence Post and Gate Grounding SpecificationsFences that are required to be grounded by other parts of thiscode shall be designed to limit touch, step and transferredvoltages in accordance with industry practices.NOTE: IEEE Std 80-2000 is one source that may be utilized toprovide guidance in meeting these requirements.The grounding connections shall be made either to the groundingsystem of the enclosed equipment or to a separate ground. (SeeFigures 73, 74 & 75.)Jumper1. Fences shall be grounded at each side of the gate or otheropening. (See Figure 77.)2. Gates shall be bonded to the grounding conductor, jumper offence. (See Figure 77.)3. A buried bonding jumper shall be used to bond across the gateor other opening in the fence, unless a nonconducting fencesection is used. (See Figure 77.)4. If barbed wire strands are used above the fence fabric, thebarbed wire strands shall be bonded to the groundingconductor, jumper or fence. (See Figure 78.)Buried Fence GroundFigure 77.5. When fence posts are of conducting material, the groundingconductor shall be connected to the fence post or posts asrequired with suitable connecting means.6. When fence posts are nonconducting material, a suitablebonding connection shall be made to the fence mesh strandsand the barbed wire strands at each grounding conductorpoint. (See Figure 79.)Tinned Split BoltConnectorFigure 78.A second conductor, although not required by NESC, offers personnelprotection if installed under the gate swing area as shown in Figure77. It is also common practice to connect the ground to all fencecorner posts and to the line posts every 50 feet.® National Electronic Safety Code is a registered trademark of the NationalFire Protection Association.Figure 79.72 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical SectionERITECH ® Signal Reference Grids (SRG) and Grounding for Computer RoomGroundingIntroductionProper grounding and bonding of sensitive electronic systems,including computer installations, requires careful considerationof all frequencies from DC to over 100 megahertz. The NationalElectrical Code (NEC) requirements for fault current and NFPAlightning protection must also be met.The safety grounding system (“green wire”) required by Codedoes not address the special requirements of noise immunity.An additional “grounding” system called the Signal ReferenceGrid (SRG) is needed to assure trouble-free equipmentperformance. There is no conflict between NEC safetyrequirements and the need for an SRG to protect computerdata.The ERITECH Signal Reference Grid (SRG) is a low impedancenetwork of conductors, which establish an equipotential planefor high frequency, low voltage digital signals. Since signalvoltages are low, their sensitivity to transient noise is very high -typically 1 volt for digital systems. In order to minimize theeffects of noise, many computer manufacturers, users andgovernment agencies have detailed specifications regardingcomputer grounding. Welded connections are often specifiedbecause they are the only connections proven to ensure a“noise-free” bond. Normal shock and vibrations can jarmechanical connections, creating electronic noise. This causesrelatively high L di/dt voltages due to a sudden change inconnection impedance. This sudden change can result in pulsesthat can be coupled into the signal circuits. These unwantedsignals can create false data or even cause permanent circuitdamage. Corrosion, dirt and cleaning fluids cannot interferewith the molecular bond of a welded joint.Recommendations on ERITECH Signal Reference Grids are in fullagreement with IEEE Std 1100-1999, IEEE RecommendedPractice for Powering and Grounding Sensitive ElectronicEquipment.SRGs are required because computers are sensitive to noisevoltages that have a broad frequency band. At thesefrequencies:1. Distributed capacitance and mutual inductance cannot beignored. Coupling between adjacent power and data circuitsand ground may introduce noise into data cables. Even nearbylightning strikes can be a real threat to proper operation.2. Radiated fields are usually not a threat with the exception ofnearby transmitters, which may be a serious problem andrequire shielding.3. An effective SRG has a multitude of conductors creating avery low impedance to noise at any frequency.4. Termination must be a constant low impedance over the lifeof the facililty. Welded connections are therefore needed so theground path never changes.5. The multiple paths within the SRG allow noise currents todivide at each crossover, which further reduces voltage drop.Other means of creating a Signal Reference Grid exist. Forexample, brazed copper mesh made of round copper or copperclad wire has been used successfully. Mesh is commonly buriedin the structural floor but it often costs more than flat stripSRGs. Raised floor stringers have been used but they have atendency towards loose connections and low capacitance tocomputer cables. The result is higher impedance and lesspredictable performance.The flat strip SRG is the most functional low-impedance andcost-effective computer grounding system available. Comparedto the cost of equipment or the cost of corrupted information,an ERITECH SRG is the best data insurance you can buy.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com73

Grounding Products and SystemsERITECH SRGAPPLICATIONTechnical SectionERITECH ® Signal Reference Grids (SRG) and Computer Room Grounding®Figure 64.NOTES:1. NEC and local codes must be followed.2. All equipment shall be bonded to the ERITECH SRG using lowimpedance risers. Never connect to strip closest to outside wall.3. All raised floors within the computer room should be boltedstringer type.4. Every 6th raised floor pedestal in each direction shall be connectedto the SRG using a #6 AWG concentric copper conductor. Theconnection to both the pedestal and the SRG shall be CADWELD.5. All columns, conduits, water pipes, ducts, etc. entering thecomputer room shall be bonded to the SRG (at each end of theroom if these are horizontal).6. Power distribution panels and power distribution center should bemounted directly to the building steel or bonded to it by a shortlength of grounding conductor equal to the “green wire ground”but at least a #4 AWG copper. The grounding wire inside anypanel or enclosure supplying AC power to the computer must bebonded to its enclosure.74 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical SectionERITECH ® Signal Reference Grids (SRG) and Computer Room GroundingImpedanceThe following chart lists calculated impedances for various conductors at 20 MHz.Note that 26 gauge x 2” strip has a lower impedance than a 4/0 conductor, eventhough it is only 1/5 the cross sectional area.Conductor Conductor IMPEDANCE IN OHMSSize Type 12” Length 24” Length 36” Length#6 AWG 7 STRAND 35 OHMS 81 OHMS 130 OHMS#4 AWG 7 STRAND 33 77 1251/0 AWG 7 STRAND 30 70 1144/0 AWG 7 STRAND 27 64 10616GA x 1.5” STRIP 25 61 10016GA x 2” STRIP 23 56 9426GA x 2” STRIP 23 57 94NOTE: Only 26 gauge is available prefabricated. All other thicknesses must be field fabricated.REFERENCESIEEE Std 1100-1999, “IEEE recommended Practicefor Powering and Grounding Sensitive ElectronicEquipment”Grounding, Bonding and Shielding for ElectronicEquipment and Facilities.MIL-HDBK-419-A, Department of Defense,Washington, DC 20301. 29 December 1987.Grounding, Bonding and Shielding for LongHaul/Tactical Communications Systems IncludingGround Based Communications - ElectronicsFacilities and Equipment. MIL-STD-188-124A,Department of Defense, Washington, DC 20301.02 February 1984.ANSI/NFPA 70-1999, “National Electrical Code”(NEC), National Fire Protection Association, Boston,MA 02201.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com75

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical SectionGrounding System - Conductors and ConnectorsThe grounding conductor size is based on the maximum magnitudeand duration of available fault current and on the type of connectionsbeing used in the grounding system. IEEE Std. 80-2000, Guide forSafety in Substation Grounding, the accepted industry standard, usesa fusing formula as the basis for selecting minimum conductor size toavoid fusing (melting) under fault conditions.This formula can be simplified to the following:√Where: A = Conductor size incircular milsK = Constant from thefollowing tableA = K • I S I = RMS fault current inamperesS = Fault time in secondsBased on the standard ambienttemperature of 40°C.CONSTANT K FOR ABOVE FORMULAMAX COPPER COPPERWELD DSA COPPERWELD DSATEMP S.D. 40% 30%1083 C 7.01 10.46 12.04450 C 9.18 13.74 15.87350 C 10.10 15.13 17.46250 C 11.65 17.47 20.17The temperatures listed above for each material are specified in IEEEStd. 80-1986 to be used for different types of connecting means:Pressure type connectors250° to 350°C*Brazed connections 450°CExothermic welded connections 1083°C*except those which have been tested to and passed the requirements of IEEEStd. 837-1989.+31% +41% +66%CableOnlyCADWELD ®ConnectionsBrazedConnectionsPressure TypeConnections350°Pressure TypeConnections250°EXAMPLE – 25,000 Ampere, 2 second fault:CONNECTION TYPECONDUCTOR SIZECADWELD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246 kcmil – use 250 kcmilBrazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322 kcmil – use 350 kcmilPressure Type (at 350°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357 kcmil – use 350 kcmilPressure Type (at 250°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408 kcmil – use 400 kcmil76 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical SectionBare Class A, B, and C Concentric Stranded Conductor(Based on A.S.T.M. Standard Specifications)*Class AASize in Size Conductor NUMBER OF WIRES CADWELD ®Circular mils A.W.G. Dia. In. 7 19 37 61 91 Cable code1,000,000 1.152 .1644* .1280 .1048 4Y800,000 1.031 .1470* .1145 .0938 4Q750,000 .998 .1424* .1109 .0908 4L700,000 .964 .1375* .1071 .0877 4G600,000 .893 .1273 .0992 .0812 3X500,000 .813 .1622* .1162 .0905 3Q400,000 .728 .1451 .1040 .0810 3H350,000 .681 .1357 .0973 .0757 3D300,000 .630 .1257 .0900 .0701 3A250,000 .575 .1147 .0822 .0640 2V211,600 4/0 .528 .1739 .1055 .0756 2Q167,800 3/0 .470 .1548 .0940 .0673 2L133,100 2/0 .419 .1379 .0837 .0600 2G105,500 1/0 .373 .1228 .0745 .0534 2C83,690 1 .332 .1093 .0664 .0476 1Y66,370 2 .292 .0974 .0591 1V52,630 3 .260 .0867 .0526 1Q41,740 4 .232 .0772 .0469 1L26,240 6 .184 .0612 .0372 1H16,510 8 .146 .0486 .0295 1E10,380 10 .116 .0385 .0234 1B6,530 12 .0915 .0305 .01854,110 14 .0726 .0242 .0147Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com77

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical SectionBare Solid Copper Wire(Based on A.S.T.M. Standard Specifications)DSA Copperweld ConductorCross SectionalSize Area Wire CADWELD ®AWG Circular Mils Dia. In. Cable code4/0 211,600 .4600 2P3/0 167,800 .4096 2K2/0 133,100 .3648 2F1/0 105,500 .3249 2B1 83,690 .2893 1X2 66,370 .2576 1T3 52,630 .2294 1P4 41,740 .2043 1K6 26,250 .1620 1G8 16,510 .1285 1D10 10,380 .1019 1A12 6,530 .080814 4,110 .0064Cable Nominal Equivalent CADWELDStranding Diameter kcmil Copper Size* Cable code7/#10 .306 72.7 3AWG 9A7/#8 .385 115.6 1 9B7/#7 .433 145.7 1/0 9C7/#6 .486 183.8 2/0 9D7/#5 .546 231.7 3/0 9E19/#9 .572 248.8 3/0 9F7/#4 .613 292.2 4/0 9L19/#8 .642 313.7 4/0 9G19/#7 .721 395.5 250 Kcmil 9H37/#9 .801 484.4 300 7W19/#6 .810 498.8 350 9J37/#8 .899 610.9 400 7V19/#5 .910 628.9 450 9K37/#7 1.010 770.3 500 9M*Approximate based on Fusing Current calculations and tests by Copperweld Co.Bare Copperweld ConductorCADWELDNominal Material Type Thread Body Ground RodSize Size Dia. CodeCopperclad Sectional 9/16" .505 141/2" Steel* Plain .500 14Copperclad Plain .475 15Copperclad Sectional 1/2" .447 13Copperclad Sectional 5/8" .563 165/8" Steel* Plain .625 31Copperclad Plain .563 16Copperclad Sectional 3/4" .682 183/4" Steel* Plain .750 33Copperclad Plain .682 18Copperclad Sectional 1" .914 221" Steel* Plain 1.000 37Copperclad Plain .914 22* Plain steel, stainless steel, stainless clad rods or galvanized steel.78 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

Grounding Products and SystemsRectangular Copper BusbarTechnical SectionThickness Width Circular Weight CADWELD ®Inches Inches Mil Size Lbs. per Foot Busbar Code1 159,200 .484 CE1/8 1-1/2 238,700 .726 CG2 318,300 .969 CH3/16 1 238,700 .727 DE2 477,500 1.45 DH1 318,300 .969 EE1-1/2 477,500 1.45 EG1/4 2 636,600 1.94 EH3 954,900 2.91 EK4 1,273,000 3.88 EM1 477,500 1.45 GE1-1/2 716,200 2.18 GG3/8 2 954,900 2.91 GH3 1,432,000 4.36 GK4 1,910,000 5.81 GM2 1,273,000 3.88 JH1/2 3 1,910,000 5.81 JK4 2,546,000 7.75 JMReinforcing BarsNOMINAL DIMENSIONS EquivalentRebar Dia. Cross-Sectional Copper CADWELDSizes Inches Area - Sq. Inches Sizes* Rebar Code3 .375 .11 9AWG 514 .500 .20 7 525 .625 .31 5 536 .750 .44 3 547 .875 .60 2 558 1.000 .79 1 569 1.128 1.00 1/0 5710 1.270 1.27 2/0 5811 1.410 1.56 3/0 5914 1.693 2.25 250 kcmil 6018 2.257 4.00 450 61USEFUL CONVERSIONSAreaSquare Inches x 1273 = kcmilSquare Millimeters x 1.974 = kcmilkcmil x 0.5067 = Square MillimetersDensityCopper: 0.323 lb/in 3Steel: 0.283 lb/in 3* Based on 8% IACS, rounded to the next higher commercial copper size.Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com79

Grounding Products and SystemsTechnical SectionStandard Steel Wire Gauge(WASHBURN MOEN GAUGE) SOLIDGage Dia. Gage Dia.No. Inches No. Inches7/0 .490 6 .19206/0 .4615 7 .17705/0 .4305 8 .16204/0 .3938 9 .14833/0 .3625 10 .13502/0 .3310 11 .12051/0 .3065 12 .10551 .2830 13 .09152 .2625 14 .08003 .2437 15 .07204 .2253 16 .06255 .2070 17 .0540Steel Pipe SizesSTANDARD WEIGHT(SCHEDULE 40)ASTM A53-90-BANSI/ASME B36.10M-1985Cast Iron Pipe -Class A Thru DAWWA Specification 1908,ASA A21.2 Class 100-250.Nominal Size(Inches)Actual O.D.(Inches)4 4.80 to 5.006 6.90 to 7.108 9.05 to 9.3010 11.10 to 11.4012 13.20 to 13.5014 15.30 to 15.7016 17.40 to 17.8018 19.50 to 19.9020 21.60 to 22.1024 25.80 to 26.3030 31.70 to 32.7036 38.00 to 39.2042 44.20 to 45.6048 50.50 to 52.0054 56.70 to 58.4060 62.80 to 64.8072 75.30 to 76.9084 87.50 to 88.50NominalWallSize O.D. Thickness CADWELD ®In Inches Inches Mold Code1 1.315 .133 11-1/4 1.660 .140 1.251-1/2 1.900 .145 1.502 2.375 .154 22-1/2 2.875 .203 2.503 3.500 .216 33-1/2 4.000 .226 3.504 4.500 .237 45 5.563 .258 56 6.625 .280 68 8.625 .322 810 10.750 .365 10Other Standard Sectionsused for Fence PostsSectionCADWELDMold Code1-1/2" square PS152" square PS202-1/2" square PS253" square PS30*1.875 x 1.625 x .133 “H” PH12.25 x 1.95 x .143 “H” PH2* For D or F mold price only80 Ph: 1-800-677-9089www.erico.com

ERICO ® Facility Electrical Protection LiteratureERITECH ® Lightning Protection CatalogFeatures ERICO’s System 2000 conventional lightning protection system as well as theSystem 3000 active lightning protection system. Air terminals, down conductors, fixingand fastening hardware and design consulting are covered.ERITECH ® Grounding Products CatalogDetails ERICO’s extensive offering of ground rods and accessories, ground mesh andmats, signal reference grids, ground bars, ground receptacles, transient earth clamps,ground enhancement materials, and other grounding materials.CADWELD ® Welded Electrical Connections CatalogCovers the range of hardware required to make a CADWELD connection as well as acomprehensive technical reference section on grounding principles. Detailed orderinginformation for molds, weld materials, fence and gate jumpers and the smokelessEXOLON process are detailed.CRITEC ® Surge Protection CatalogDetails the extensive range of CRITEC Surge Protection Devices for industries such ascommercial & industrial, process control & automation and telecommunications. It alsoincludes a comprehensive technical reference section on general aspects of surgeprotection as well as a guide on making the most appropriate product selection.

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