I. Implementation Strategies for Transit-Oriented Development - GB Arrington -- CNU 17
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I. Implementation Strategies for Transit-Oriented Development - GB Arrington -- CNU 17
- 1. Getting Beyond the TOD Cartoon GB Arrington What You arrington@pbworld.com pb placemaking Know Need to
- 2. • Scale matters • Walking & TOD • Travel & TOD • Implementation focus • Transit for TOD MetroCities TOD Dubai UAE pb placemaking
- 4. Unlocking the key to each stations identity • TOD in Region – Where does the station fit in? • TOD in Corridor – Stations relationship to other stations? • TOD in Community – How will TOD add value? Be a place? pb placemaking
- 5. More than a Parcel, More than a Project • Create a walkable district – Area w/in a 5 minute walk – Approximately 125 acres Santa Ana TOD – Walkable complete community • Most “TODs” don’t meet this standard – Requires broader strategy, cooperation – Understanding the bar needs to be higher Santa Ana Station Development pb placemaking
- 6. Round at Beaverton Central Plaza surrounds station •240 units •125k retail •375k office Urban in the suburbs pb placemaking
- 7. Pearl District Portland Former rail yard & warehouses • Public & private development agreement – Housing – Infrastructure – Parks • Development since 1997 $750m+ • 2700+ units built • 131 units per acre minimum density pb placemaking Before
- 8. Walking density & TOD pb placemaking
- 9. Distance & Mode Share 2005 WMATA Development-Related Ridership Survey Distance from Metrorail Mode Share Auto Mode Share station Office Residential Office Residential At station 35% 54% 48% 29% ¼ mile 23% 43% 66% 41% ½ mile 10% 31% 83% 54% • 35% of office trips right at the station entrance • Office mode share drops about 1% every 100 ft • ½ mile residential share 200% higher than office pb placemaking
- 10. Density, Distance & TOD • Two density dimensions – Horizontal distance from station – Vertical development intensity • Density & use – Concentrate office & Tysons Corner, VA retail near station Residential Gradient Employment Gradient – Increasing % of intensity residential away guide from station pb placemaking Minutes walk from station 2.5 5 7 10
- 11. TOD Travel & Parking pb placemaking
- 12. TODs create less traffic • TOD residents are: – Twice as likely not to own a car as US Households – 5 times more likely to commute by transit than others in region • Self-selection: – Responsible for up to 40% of TOD ridership bonus pb placemaking
- 13. TCRP Report 128 • Detailed look at 17 built TODs • All multi-family residential • Four US Metro areas – Washington, DC – Philadelphia / NJ – San Francisco – Portland • Measured actual performance – Trips compared to ITE http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_128.pdf pb placemaking
- 14. Disconnect with ITE guidance • Suburban bias w/ existing parking standards – Assumes everyone drives – Based on limited observations – from Florida • Overstates TOD trip generation – A result is higher development fees – 24 hr based rates 50% high • Parking likely overstated by same amount pb placemaking
- 15. TOD housing generates 50% less traffic than conventional housing ITE Trip Manual 6.67 trips per unit Detailed counts of 17 residential TODs 3.55 trips per unit pb placemaking
- 16. 10 Trips TODs behave Differently Daily car trips for 50 dwellings 6.67 Trips • SF 500 • MF 333 • TOD MF 177 3.55 Trips Multifamily Multifamily Single TOD Family pb placemaking
- 17. Easy & Legal pb placemaking
- 18. Orenco Station LRT Station • 190-acre TOD • 1,834 units minimum LRT Station • Vertical mixed-use town center • TOD zoning • 1st urban product in Portland’s suburbs • 18.2% mode split pb placemaking
- 19. Focus on implementation pb placemaking
- 20. Transforming Tysons Corner New plan & tools • New land use plan • New standards for streets • New design guidelines • New implementing authority • New financial tools • Demonstration projects pb placemaking
- 21. Portland Metro TOD Program • Public Investments to Help Offset Added Costs of Mixed Use Higher Density Projects – TOD Easements and land write-downs – Funding to offset “cost premiums” – Increased transit use as threshold test pb placemaking
- 22. Stations for Urbanism pb placemaking
- 23. M M M pb placemaking DuPont Circle, Washington, D.C. Branch Ave, suburban Washington
- 24. Development-Oriented Transit pb placemaking Auto-Oriented Transit
- 25. Linking Stations & TOD Three ways to think of a station • Focal point of a place • Incorporated into a place • Secondary to a place London Stations can help define the most important places pb placemaking Portland The Round
- 26. More growth less impact pb placemaking
- 27. Rx to grow & reduce travel • Density increased • Limit & manage parking • Solve for walking • Grid of small streets • Transform transit • Increased residential mix • Office & retail closest to transit • TOD outright permitted use Tysons Corner pb placemaking