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03
WRC:SUBARU WORLD RALLY TEAM Petter Solberg
WGP125 : AJO MOTORSPORTS Tomoyoshi Koyama
WGP250 : TEAM LCR Roberto Locatelli
CONTENTS
Chapter 1
1 4-Stroke Engines 2 Role of the ignition System
P05 P06
4 Types of Ignition System 5 Comprehensive Test
P08 P08
Outline
3 Ignition System Configuration P07
1 Spark and ignition
P09 P13 P15 P25
5 Service Life
P27
Chapter 2
Spark plugs
2 Structure 3 Types 4 Heat Range
6 How to read Sperk Plugs P29 7 Troubleshooting 8 Comprehensive Test
P31 P34
Chapter 3
1 High Voltage Generation 2 High Voltage Control 3 Ignition Timing
P35 P38 P39
4 Ignition Order 5 Comprehensive Test
P39 P40
Basics of Ignition
The PLUGS CONFIGURATIONS P41

Q1. What type of spark plug is the
Q&A
? so good? welded to the electrode? and ? ? electrodes? made of pure iridium? . . is used? is used? is used? 0.6mm iridium plugs, P79 ? ? P80 P81 ? P66 P67 P69 P70 P70 P71 P72 P72 P73 P74 P75 P76 P77 P78 influence combustion? P68 Q2. What makes the ignitability of Q3. How does the superior ignitability of Q4. How is the iridium tip of the Q5. What is the difference between Q6. What patented technologies are used with Q7. What type of material is used to produce the electrode employed for Q8. Why can iridium now be used in Q9. In what other fields is iridium commonly used for? Q10. Is the tip in the Q11. Tell me about the ignitability of the Q12. Tell me about the required voltage in the Q13. What happens at emission when an Q14. What happens to fuel consumption when Q15. Does engine performance improve when Q16. How does the compare to the platinum plugs and normal spark plugs?
Q&A
Q1. What type of spark plug is the Q2. Why was the center electrode of the Q3. How is the iridium tip of the Q4. What advantages does the U-groove in the Q5. What advantages does the tapered cut in the Q6. What are the differences between offered as genuine parts by car manufacturers? Q8. Why can iridium now be used in Q9. In what other fields is iridium commonly used for? Q10. Is the tip in the made of pure iridium? . . is used? is used? is used? ? ? ? Q11. Tell me about the firing performance of the Q12. Tell me about the required voltage in the Q13. What happens at idling when an Q14. What happens to fuel consumption when Q15. Does engine performance improve when Q16. Can spark plugs of other brand-names be substituted with Q17. What type of cars can current be fitted with Q18. Does the engine need to be specially set when fitting Q19. How do I select the correct heat-range when fitting ? welded to the electrode? P43 reduced to only 0.4 mm? P44 P45 ground electrode have? P46 ground electrode have? P47 and iridium spark plugs P48 ? P49 P50 P50 P51 P52 P53 P54 P55 P56 P57 P58 P58 to my vehicle? P59 P59 P60 P60 electrodes?
Q7. What type of material is used to produce the electrode employed for
Q17. Can spark plugs of other brand-names be substituted with Q18. Does the engine need to be specially set when fitting Q19. How do I select the correct heat-range when fitting Q20. How does the Q21. Can
to my vehicle? P81 P83 P84 P85 P86

compare to iridium plugs from other makers? P82 be used to replace plugs with 2, 3 or 4 ground electrodes? ? ?
Q20. How would compare against high-performance spark plugs offered by other spark plug manufacturers? Q21. Is there anything I need to be aware of when fitting Q22. Can the gap be adjusted? Can I use any spark plug cleaners with the ? ?
Q22. Is there anything I need to be aware of when fitting Q23. Can the gap be adjusted? Can I use any spark plug cleaners with the Q24. What plugs are in the lineup?
LINEUP
P61
SPECIFICATIONS
P87 P88
SPECIFICATIONS P63

DENSO Spark Plugs Package Lineup P65
P89 P91 SPECIFICATIONS CROSS REFERENCE P92

IGNITION TECH Q&A P93 FAKE PLUG P97

04
Spark Plugs
Chapter 1
Outline
Study Tips Let us study about the role of the ignition system, its components parts, and its different types.
1 4-Stroke Engines
Chapter 1 Outline
Operation of 4-stroke engines

The 4-stroke engine was first invented by N. Otto in 1876. So it is also known as the Otto Cycle. The spark plugs ignite and the gasoline burns driving the piston downwards, creating power.
Intake
Compression
Combustion
Exhaust
These four strokes rotate the crankshaft twice and complete one cycle.
Intake
1
Compression
2
Combustion
3
Exhaust
4
Intake stroke
Takes the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder.
Compression stroke
Compresses the air-fuel mixture to high temperature and high pressure.
Combustion stroke
Ignites and combusts the gas mixture and uses the resulting high pressure to rotate the crankshaft.
Exhaust stroke
Exhausts the exhaust gas.
REFERENCE
2-stroke engines
These two strokes complete one cycle during one motion of the piston (one crankshaft rotation).
Intake and compression

1
Combustion and exhaust

2
Intake and compression stroke

When the piston rises and the cylinder side compresses, the crank case side is a vacuum and takes in the air-fuel mixture.
Combustion and exhaust stroke

When the piston is pushed down by the combustion, the air-fuel mixture on the crank case side is sent to the cylinder side where it pushes out the exhaust gas.
2-stroke engines do not require moving valves and have a simpler structure, but the compression ratio is low and they are only appropriate for small displacements.
05
Spark Plugs
2 Role of the Ignition System

The ignition system applies several thousand volts across the gap between the electrodes of the spark plug to generate spark to discharge and ignites and combusts the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder with this spark energy. Igniting at the optimum time for the varying engine speed, load, etc. is also an important condition.
Chapter 1 Outline
Three conditions for attaining the performance of gasoline engines

REFERENCE
Diesel engine ignition system
Diesel engines directly inject fuel into high-temperature, high-pressure air and have the fuel ignite on its own, so they do not require ignition system.
Good Air-Fuel Mixture

Good Air-Fuel mixture means
REFERENCE
The mixture that makes the gasoline combust most readily 1 Gasified and well mixed with air 2 Always the correct air-fuel ratio (mixture proportions)
Air-Fuel ratio (A/F)

The proportion by weight of gasoline and air in the air-fuel mixture; these proportions must be varied with the engine state. Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (about 15:1) Stoichiometric value for complete combustion Output air-fuel ratio (about 12:1) The mixture ratio that provides the maximum torque Economy air-fuel ratio (about 16:1) The mixture ratio that provides the best fuel economy In lean burn engines, this can be as high as about 23:1.
Good Compression
Compression ratio
Compression ratio Intake air volume Compressed air volume
Generally, raising the compression ratio provides larger combustion pressure, but if the pressure is too high, knocking occurs. General engines are designed for compression ratios of 9-10.
REFERENCE
By compressing the air-fuel mixture, it is possible to obtain large power when the mixture is combusted. The degree of compression of the air-fuel mixture is expressed by the following compression ratio.
Good Spark
"Good spark" is the field for which the ignition system is responsible. Correct ignition timing
The ignition timing is adjusted to match the running state of the engine (speed and load) and obtain efficient combustion power.
REFERENCE
Strong spark
High voltage of several thousands of volts are applied between the electrodes of the spark plug for the spark to discharge to ignite and combust the gas mixture.
06
Spark Plugs
Chapter 1
Outline
Study Tips Let us study about the role of the ignition system, its components parts, and its different types.
3 Ignition System Configuration

Chapter 1 Outline
Ignition System Configuration

The ignition system comprises the following parts.
2 3
Battery
Supplies current to the primary coil
Ignition coil
The high voltage required for ignition is generated in the secondary coil through coil self-inductance and mutual inductance. The high voltage is generated when the primary current is cut off.
Igniter
In order to generate the high voltage required for ignition in the ignition coil, the current flowing through the primary coil is cut off.
Distributor
The high voltage generated by the ignition coil is distributed in the correct order to the spark plug for each cylinder.
Computer
Determines the ignition timing or the like
Spark plug
High voltage is applied to the gap between the electrodes to generate the spark and ignite the air-fuel mixture.
07
Spark Plugs
4 Types of Ignition System

Structurally, ignition system can be classified into the following three types.
Contact Ignition Type
(Ordinary Ignition Type)
In this system, the current (primary current) flowing to the ignition coil from the battery is cut off at the mechanical contacts (breaker points) in the distributer to generate high voltage.
Demerit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Battery Ignition switch Ignition coil Breaker point Distributor Rotor Spark plug Battery Ignition switch Coil with an igniter Signal generator Distributor Rotor Spark plug
Since these are mechanical contacts, sparks can fly between the contacts or the voltage drops at low speed. Also, sometimes current does not flow adequately due to soiling of the contact surface.
Transistor Ignition Type

This system generates high voltage by cutting off the current with transistors in the igniter. This system can provide stable high voltage.
Demerit
The ignition timing is controlled by the signal generator in the distributor, so there are limits to fine control.
Electronic Spark Advance (ESA, DLI)

Electronic ignition type
(ESA:Electronic Spark Advance, DLI:Distributorless Ignition)
Distributor
Engine speed .NE
Crankshaft position detection .G
ECU
IGt
Ignition timing control
Igniter
Constant-current control Ignition signal Dwell angle reduction
Ignition
The ignition timing and dwell angle are controlled by microcomputer, which sends the ignition signals to the igniter, where the transistors inside the igniter cut off the current and generate high voltage. This makes more precise control possible and is the current mainstream ignition system.
Sensors
Air flow sensor Water temperature sensor Air conditioner signal etc Dwell angle control
IGf
Ignition monitor signal
5 Comprehensive Test
From the following statements about ignition system, select the incorrect one.
1 Both gasoline engines and diesel engines require spark plugs to ignite the air-fuel mixture. 2 The ignition timing is adjusted according to changes in the engine speed and load. 3 The air-fuel mixture for gasoline engines is the proportion of air and gasoline by weight and about 15:1 is called the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. 4 The spark voltage for spark plugs is generated when the primary current through the igniter is cut off. 5 4-cycle engines ignite and combust each cylinder one time for two rotations for the engine crankshaft.
Answer on next page
08
Chapter 1 Outline
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
Study Tips The spark plugs are critical parts that dominate the engine combustion and bear a major responsibility for higher engine performance.
1 Spark and Ignition

Spark
When the high voltage produced by the ignition system is applied between the center electrode and ground electrode of the spark plug, the insulation between the electrodes breaks down, current flows in the discharge phenomenon, and an electrical spark is generated. This spark energy trigger ignition and combustion in the compressed air-fuel mixture. This discharge is of extremely brief duration (about 1/1000 of a second) and is extraordinarily complex. The role of the spark plug is to reliably generate a strong spark between the electrodes accurately at the specified time to create the trigger for combustion of the gas mixture.
Sparking wear
Chapter 2 Spark Plugs
10,000 deg.C
High melting point
Ignition
Ignition by electrical spark occurs because the fuel particles between the electrodes are activated by the spark to discharge, a chemical reaction (oxidation) is triggered, the heat of reaction is generated, and the flame core is formed. This heat activates the surrounding air-fuel mixture, eventually a flame core is formed that spreads the combustion to the surroundings itself. However, if the quenching effect between the electrodes (the work of the electrodes absorbing the heat and extinguishing the flame) is greater than the flame core heat generation action, the flame core is extingushed and the combustion stops. If the plug gap is wide, the flame core is larger and the quenching effect is smaller, so reliable ignition can be expected, but if the gap is too wide, a large discharge voltage becomes necessary, the limits of the coil performance are exceeded, and discharge becomes impossible.
5 4
Formation of the flame core

1 Center electrode 2 Ground electrode 3 Flame core
Quenching effect
4 Heat absorption 5 Flame propagation
09
Answer: 1
Spark Plugs
Change in the required voltage

The ignition system normally generates 10-30 kV secondary voltage.
1
4 3
1
10kV30kV V
3
d c
300V
e
T
2
b
5 2
3 Capacitance spark 4 Inductance spark
1 Voltage rise 2 Spark generation 5 About 1 millisecond V: Voltage T: Time
1 When the primary

.
2 At the 'b' point,

.
3 Between 'b' and 'c' is 4 Between 'c' and 'd' is

. .
current is cut off at the 'a' point, the secondary voltage rises.
partway through the rise in voltage, the spark plug reaches the required voltage and a spark is generated between the electrodes.
called the capacitance spark. At the start of the discharge, the spark is generated by the electrical energy stored in the secondary circuit. The current is large but the duration is short.
called the inductance spark. The spark is generated by the electromagnetic energy of the coil. The current is small but the duration is long. From the 'c' point, the discharge is continued for about 1 millisecond and at the 'd' point, the discharge ends.
10
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
The required voltage changes drastically with various conditions.

The three factors with particularly large impact are the spark plug gap, the compression pressure, and the air-fuel mixture temperature.
Conditions that affect the required voltage 1 Spark Plug Gap

The required voltage rises in proportion to the spark plug gap. The spark plug gap widens bit by bit as the electrode wears, so high required voltage becomes necessary and misfire occurs more easily.
G: Spark plug gap V: Required voltage
Electrode shape
Compression pressure
Air-Fuel mixture temperature
Even for the same spark plug gap, if there are edges on the electrode, discharge occurs more easily. Older spark plugs have electrodes that have rounded, so discharge becomes more difficult and misfire more likely.
The required voltage rises in proportion to the compression pressure. The compression pressure is higher for low speed and high load. Sudden acceleration for starting out fits these conditions, so higher voltage is required then and misfire occurs more easily.
The required voltage drops as the airfuel mixture temperature rises. The lower the engine temperature, the higher the required voltage, so misfire occurs more easily at low temperature.
1 Easy discharge
2 Difficult spark
3 Electrode shape
P: Compression pressure T: Air-Fuel mixture temperature V: Required voltage
P: Compression pressure T: Air-Fuel mixture temperature V: Required voltage
Electrode temperature
Air-Fuel ratio
Humidity
The required voltage drops as the electrode temperature rises. The electrode temperature rises in proportion to the engine speed, so misfire occurs more easily at low speed.
There is a tendency for the required voltage to be higher the leaner the airfuel mixture (the larger the air-fuel ratio). If the air-fuel mixture becomes leaner due to fuel system trouble misfire occurs more easily.
As the humidity rises, the electrode temperature decreases, so the required voltage becomes slightly higher.
T: Electrode temperature V: Required voltage
A/F: Air-fuel ratio V: Required voltage
H: Relative humidity V: Required voltage
11
Spark Plugs
The effect on the spark plugs of ignition and combustion of the running engine is severe and various aspects of performance for withstanding this are required.
Performance required of spark plugs 1
Can withstand sudden heat and sudden cold Can withstand severe pressure changes.
The temperature received by the inside surface of the spark plug reaches as high as 3000 during combustion of the air-fuel C mixture and during the intake stroke, the spark plug is subject to sudden cooling by low-temperature gas. In 4-cycle engines, this sudden heating and sudden cooling is repeated every other rotation as long as the engine is running. As the same time that it must provide such capacity to withstand heat, the spark plug must also give off enough heat to avoid becoming a starting point for pre ignition.
Has insulation at high voltage
Maintains an airtight seal in a harsh environment
In an environment in which the temperature and pressure are constantly changing drastically, spark plugs must have adequate insulation to withstand high voltages that reach about 10-30 kV.
Spark plugs must maintain an airtight seal between the housing and the insulator under conditions of drastic temperature and pressure change and high voltage. DENSO's heat staking process provides stable air tightness.
1 2 5
Minimizes electrode wear
Minimizes fouling from combustion
Spark plugs must have the wear-proof resistance to minimize electrode wear in a severe usage environment. DENSO's patented iridium alloy is effective against wear.
It is required that under severe usage conditions, spark plugs minimize fouling of electrodes by the combustion of the airfuel mixture and have self-cleaning that burns away carbon deposits with heat. Therefore, it is desirable that the spark plug temperature rise quickly even when the vehicle is moving at low speed and that the insulator section reach the selfcleaning temperature (about 500 ). C
12
In the intake stroke, the pressure is less than 1atm, but in the combustion stroke it reaches 50 atm or higher. The mechanical strength to withstand this severe pressure change is required.
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
2 Structure
A spark plug consists of three main parts, the housing, the insulator, and the electrodes.
Let us take a look at the figure, which shows an and look at the features of each part. spark plug as an example,
10 11 12
1 Insulator
3 4 5 6 7
2 Terminal 3 Ring 4 Center shaft (stem) 5 Housing 6 Glass seal 7 Gasket 8 Electrode with copper 9 Packing washer
10 0.4-mm iridium center electrode
11 U-groove ground electrode 12 Taper cut ground electrode
Insulator
Terminal
3 9
Ring, Packing washer
Insulates the terminal, center shaft and center electrode from the housing, preventing escape of high voltage from the electrodes. Since the bottom of the insulator projects into the combustion chamber, high purity alumina with superior heat-proof characteristic, mechanical strength, excellent insulation and thermal conductivity at high temperature, etc. is used.
The terminal is connected to a high-tension cord through which high-voltage current from the ignition system flows. A terminal nut is installed so this type can support almost any high-tension cord in the world. For vehicles not requiring a terminal nut, the terminal can be removed.
Makes the insulator and the housing fit tightly to each other and maintains the airtightness.
13
Spark Plugs
Center shaft (stem)
Housing
Glass seal
Center shaft connecting the terminal and the center electrode. This shaft is made of steel and has the role of allowing high-voltage current to flow from the terminal to the center electrode without loss.
The housing forms an outer shell that surrounds the insulator, supports the insulator, and installs the spark plug in the engine. At the bottom the ground electrode is located, so current can flow through the engine itself to the center electrode over the gap.
Gasket
Standard tightening torque Thread diameter (mm) 8 10 12 14 18 Tightening torque (Nm) 8 10 1015 1520 2030 3040
Electrode with copper
Makes the housing and the engine fit tightly to each other and maintains the airtightness of the combustion chamber. There is a procedure for tightening and the appropriate tightening margin must be secured.
Special nickel alloy is used for the center electrode to reduce electrode wear. Copper is sealed into the center section to improve thermal conductivity.
10
0.4-mm iridium center electrode
11
U-groove ground electrode
12
Taper cut ground electrode
A new iridium alloy tip with a diameter of 0.4 mm is laser welded to the tip of the center electrode to make the center electrode ultra-fine. This lowers the required voltage, secure reliable spark, reduces the quenching effect, and improves ignition performance. Iridium, like platinum, is a precious metal and has extraordinarily superior properties for a spark plug electrode, for example hightemperature withstand, high strength, and low resistance. In order to further improve oxidation resistance at high temperatures, DENSO developed a unique new iridium alloy containing Rhodium.
Nickel chrome material is used for the ground electrode and various measures are taken with the shape to improve ignition performance. One of these measures is the U- groove. 1 The surface contacted by the air-fuel mixture is large, 2 There is much edge section, and sparks occur easily. 3 The flame core (flame size) widens easily. There are many other feaures as well and large ignition energy can be obtained. DENSO obtained patents for spark plug Ugrooves from 1975 to 1992.
The ground electrode has a shape in which the electrode tip is cut to a finely tapered shape. This reduces the quenching effect, so it improves ignition performance.
14
Mounted between the center shaft and insulator to maintain the airtightness. DENSO uses the glass seal method. A special mixture of glass powder and copper powder is charged in the installation section for the insulator and center shaft and center electrode and melted at high temperature. This bonds the center shaft and the center electrode and fuses the insulator and the metal. The sealing for both is good and the thermal ratio of expansion is appropriate, so even under harsh conditions gaps do not occur and good airtightness can be secured.
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
3 Types
Main types of spark plugs
Needle to needle Iridium Plug
P.16
P.17
P.18
P.18
Genuine iridium
Resistor
U-groove
Platinum ZU
P.19
P.19
P.20
P.20 Semi-surface discharge
Platinum
10
For rotary use
11 Extended
12
P.21
P.21
P.22
P.22
13
3 electrodes
14
Compact type
15
Taper seat
16
For motorcycle
P.23
P.23
P.23
P.24
15
Spark Plugs
(1)
Uses the world's first and the world's smallest ultra-fine 0.4-mm diameter iridium tip for the center electrode. This lowers the required voltage and greatly improves ignitability. The inside of the ground electrode has a U-shaped groove to secure the large space required for flame core formation. This provides superior ignition performance with low spark voltage without enlarging the plug gap.
(1)
2 3 4 5 6 8 9
The ground electrode tip is cut to a shape with a tapered tip. This reduces the quenching effect and greatly improves ignitability.
1 Taper cut ground electrode 2 U-groove ground electrode 3 Ultra-fine 0.4-mm diameter iridium
alloy center electrode
4 Increased center electrode projection 7 Terminal Nut
5 Insulator projection
6 All-round laser welding 9 Plated with highly corrosion resistant nickel
8 Built-in high-reliability resistor
(2)
(2)
The finer the electrodes, the more the potential concent-rates at the electrode tip and the stronger the electrical field, so the lower the required voltage. Therefore, reliable combusion is obtained over a wide range and engine starting and acceleration are improved.
1
1 Normal spark plugs 2 3 Weak 4 Electrical field strength 5 Strong
2 4 5
Electrical field strength shown using FEM analysis

16
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
1

(3)
The electrodes have been taken to the limit of fineness, so the contact area with the flame core is small, the quenching effect is reduced, and the ignition performance is improved. can replace almost all normal spark plugs in Japan and overseas. When replacing normal spark plugs with check in the application table.
For normal engines, replace with the same heat range as the spark plugs being replaced; for a tuned engine, select spark plugs that match the tuning level.
1
(3)
1 1 Sparks Sparks discharge on the part of the electrode where they can spark most easily.
2 2 Formation of the flame core The spark energy activates part of the air-fuel mixture and a small flame is produced.
3 3 Growth of the flame core The flame grows even though energy is absorbed in the center and ground electrodes.
4 4 Ignition Growth of the live coal accelerates and finally, the flame spreads as explosive combustion.
2
The center electrode uses the world's first ultra-fine 0.4-mm diameter iridium alloy for high performance and a platinum tip is used for the ground electrode to secure service life equal to platinum spark plugs.
2
1 2 3
1 Ground electrode with platinum tip 2 Ultra-fine 0.4-mm diameter iridium

3 All-round laser welding 4 Housing plated with highly

corrosion-resistant, lustrous nickel
17
Spark Plugs
3
Combining the ultra-fine 0.4-mm diameter iridium alloy center electrode with the 0.8-mm square all-platinum ground electrode, spark cleaning pocket, housing end chamfer, silicon oil application, racing insulator, etc. greatly improves ignition performance and extends durability.
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 8
1 0.8 mm square all-platinum ground

electrode
2 Ultra-fine 0.4-mm diameter iridium

3 Racing insulator 4 Spark cleaning pocket 5 Silicon oil application 6 Housing end chamfer 7 All-round laser welding 8 Terminal 9 Built-in high-reliability resistor 10 Plated with highly corrosion resistant
nickel
7 9 10
4 Needle to needle
Iridium Plug
4
2 1
The ground electrode of this revolutionary iridium plug features DENSO's very own technology and is needle-shaped, resulting in an unparalleled reduction in quenching action.
1 0.55mm diameter. Iridium 2 0.7mm diameter. Platinum
FXE20HE11
18
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
5 Vehicle
manufacturer's genuine iridium spark plugs
to
5
SK16R-P11, SK20R11 SK20BR11
Compared
, , and , which emphasize performance, this type emphasizes maintenance (service life). The replacement interval is 100,000 km. The center electrode is 0.7-mm iridium alloy and a platinum tip is used for the ground electrode.
- Iridium plug Example : SK16R-P11 SK20R11

Denso developed the world's first ultra-fine 0.7-mm diameter iridium alloy spark plugs to greatly improve ignition performance and service life. The SK16R-P11 is used as the genuine spark plugs for the Toyota Century.
1 2
3 1 2
SK20R11
- New 3-electrode iridium spark plugs Example: SK20BR11

The design of these spark plugs is optimized for direct injection burning off
carbon. The spark is at the main electrode normally and at the side electrode when the main electrode is sooty. Used as the genuine spark plugs for the Toyota Crown 3-liter direct injection engine.
1 Iridium0.7 tip 2 Platinum tip 3 Side electrode
6 Resistor plug
In order to prevent the generation of electromagnetic noise, the spark plug has resistor (5 kilo-ohms) built into the glass seal section. This resistance suppresses the capacitance dischage power during discharge and can greatly reduce the electromagnetic noise. Recently, with the increased use of electronic products in vehicles, the majority of spark plugs installed in new vehicles have resistors.
1 Resistor
K16R-U11
19
Spark Plugs
7 U-groove
Making a U-shaped groove on the inside of the ground electrode secures the large volume required for flame core formation and growth and makes it possible to obtain large ignition energy. Since it is possible to reduce the spark voltage without enlarging the spark plug gap, superior ignition performance is attained.
K16R-U11
8 Platinum ZU
This spark plug uses 0.7-mm diameter ultra-fine special platinum alloy for the center electrode to improve sparking and uses a U-groove and taper cut for the ground electrode to improve ignition.
1 Platinum
1
W31ES-ZU
20
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
9 Platinum spark plugs
Example : PK20R11
These spark plugs have platinum tips welded to the center electrode and ground electrode. The tips of the center electrodes are finer than those of ordinary spark plugs. They greatly improve fuel consumption, driveability, and durability and support maintenance-free operation.
9
PK20R11 PK20R-P11 PKJ20CR-L11
~ For DLI (+ - discharge) Platinum spark plugs Example : PK20R-P11

In
order to prevent wear from + discharge, the volume of platinum for the ground electrodes has been increased.
PK20TR11
Q20PR-P11, K16PR-TP11
- Extended platinum spark plugs Example : PKJ20CR-L11

Extended the spark position into the combustion chamber improves the combustion efficiency, fuel consumption, and driveability.
PK20TR11
- 2-electrode platinum spark plugs Example: PK20TR11

Platinum tips are bonded to the center electrode facing to the ground electrode section. The 2-electrode structure reduces the voltage required for + discharge.
1 Platinum tip
- Single platinum spark plugs Example : Q20PR-P11 K16PR-TP11
These spark plugs use platinum only for the tip of the center electrode to improve fuel consumption, driveability, and durability by making the electrodes finer. The K16PR-TP11 has a tapered cut ground electrode to further improve ignition performance.
10 For rotary engines only

These special spark plugs for rotary engines were designed taking into account the characteristics rotary engines give spark plugs. With rotary engines, heat remains in the ground electrodes and they melt, so to match the higher engine temperature, improvements have been made EA EDR semi-surface discharge surface discharge.
10
1
W25EA
S29A
1 EA spark plug (initial rotary engine spark plug)

This spark has two short facing ground electrodes.
W27EDR14
2 EDR spark plug (transitional period)

This spark plug has four ground electrodes. It has a built-in resistor to prevent the generation of electromagnetic interference.
3 Surface-discharge spark plugs

The surface-discharge action improves ignition, fouling-proof, and durability.
21
Spark Plugs
11 Extended
This type of spark plug projects the center electrode and ground electrode far beyond the bottom section. Bringing the spark position closer to the center of the combustion chamber improves the combustion efficiency. Extended spark plugs can only be installed in the specified engines. If you use Extended spark plugs in place of ordinary spark plugs, there is a danger of interference with the valves or other parts.
11
J16AR-U11
KJ20CR11
7mm 5mm
KJ20CR-L11
J16AY
The U-groove ground electrode obtains large ignition energy making it easy to ignite even lean air-fuel mixtures. Projecting the spark position into the combustion chamber improves the combustion efficiency, fuel consumption, and driveability.
5mm
7mm
Example : KJ20CR-11 KJ20CR-U11

For
Example: KJ20CR-L11
Mazda and Mitsubishi. The KJ20CR11 has no U-groove. The KJ20CR-U11 has a U-groove.
A taper cut is adopted for the ground electrode and a thin center electrode is adopted to improve ignitability.
Example : J16AY
This
spark plug is only for Daihatsu. It has two ground electrodes and provides durability.
12 Semi-surface discharge
Semi-surface discharge spark plugs have surface discharge from the entire circumference of the ground electrode and normal discharge from the hook. Giving the semi-surface discharge structure to the ground electrode improves the ignition, foulingproofing, and durability.
12
W20EKR-S11
W20ETR-S11
- Semi-surface discharge spark plugs Example : W20EKR-S11 W20EPR-S11

The use of semi-surface discharge improves ignition and fouling-proofing. The W20EKR-S11 is used in Honda and the W20EPR-S11 is used in Mitsubishi.
K20DTR-S11
- semi-surface discharge 2-electrode spark plug Example: W20ETR-S11

2 ground electrodes are adopted with the gap set to 1 mm.
Superior durability is secured by using two short facing ground electrodes. The ignition is improved with full projection. The new auxiliary cap improves fouling-proofing. Used for Toyota and Daihatsu.
- 2-electrode half-surface discharge spark plug with shroud Example : K20DTR-S11 W20DTR-S11
In addition to the half-surface discharge structure, the thread tip is extended into the combustion chamber and a shroud formed to improve the fouling-proofing. Used for Daihatsu and Subaru.
22
Example : J16AR-U11
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
13 3 electrodes
There are three ground electrodes for increased durability. For Audi, VW, Citroen, Fiat, Mercedes-Benz, and Renault.
13
K22PB, W20EPB
14 Compact type
Compact and light weight (contributes to improved fuel consumption).
- Compact spark plugs Example : Q16R-U11 Q16PR-U11
14
Q16R-U11
K16R-U11
By reducing the hexagonal width across flats (to 16 mm), lighter spark plugs were attained.
53mm
50.5mm
- ISO compact spark plugs Example : K16R-U11 K16PR-U11

Spark
plugs that meet ISO standards. * Be careful when installing these spark plugs. The height (H) is 2.5 mm shorter than for the Q type.
- Compact spark plugs for mini-sized cars Example : XU22EPR-U
XU22EPR-U
QL20PR-U/QL20TR-S
By reducing the hexagonal width across flats (to 16 mm), these spark were made usable in mini-sized cars. The thread diameter is 12 mm.
- Compact, long-torso spark plugs Example : QL20PR-U QL20TR-S

housing torso section is lengthened to secure the installation dimensions. Only for Daihatsu. The QL20TR-S has two ground electrodes and a semi-surface discharge, so it has improved foulingproofing.
The
15
T16EPR-U
15 Taper seat
A special type of spark plug for foreign vehicles only; this type has no gasket.
23
Spark Plugs
16 For motorcycle
There are various types for different manufacturers and models. Because spark plugs must be used in specific engines, it is difficult to make a general (common) spark plug.
16
X24GPR-U X24EPR-U9
19mm
Example : X24GPR-U
There is a 3 mm shroud at the thread tip and the thread length is 22 mm, so this spark plug can only be used in the specified vehicles. Only for Honda.
3mm
Example : X24EPR-U9
12
mm L 19 mm
W27EMR-C
U27FER9
Example : W27EMR-C
Spark Only
plug with compact insulator head section. for Suzuki and Honda.
Example : U27FER9
mm L 19 mm half threads. Ignition is improved by widening the gap from 0.6-0.7 mm for previous models to 0.9 mm. Only for Honda.
10
6.3mm 12.7mm
Example : U31ETR
The heat-proofing is improved by having two ground electrodes. For Kawasaki and Suzuki.
U31ETR
U27ESR-N
Example : U27ESR-N
10
mm L 19 mm all threads. The fouling-proofing is improved with the 0.5-mm projection. For Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha.
Example : U20FSR-U
10
mm L 12.7 mm
Example : Y27FER
Ultra-compact spark plugs 8 mm x L 19 mm half threads. Can only be installed in the specified vehicles. Only for Honda.
U20FSR-U
Y27FER
6.3mm 12.7mm
24
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
4 Heat Range
Spark plug heat dispersion
The heat that the electrode section of the spark plug receives due to combustion is dispersed through the path in the figure. The degree to which a spark plug disperses the heat it receives is called its "heat range". Spark plugs with a high degree of heat dispersion are called high heat range (cold type) and those with a low degree of heat dispersion are called low heat range (hot type). This is largely determined by the temperature of the gas inside the combustion chamber and the spark plug design.
10
10 80
1
20
38
1 Water 2 Cooled by intake air-fuel mixture
20
100
Low heat range and high heat range

Low heat range plugs have long insulator leg sections and the surface area affected by the flame and the gas pocket capacity are large. Also, since the heat release path from the insulator nose to the housing is long, heat dispersion is low and the temperature of the center electrode rises easily. On the other hand, high heat range plugs have short insulator nose and the surface area affected by the flame and the gas pocket capacity are small. Also since the heat release path from the insulator nose to the housing is short, heat dispersal is high and the temperature of the center electrode does not rise easily.
3 1
1 Low heat range (hot type) spark plugs 2 High heat range (cold type) spark plugs
2
3 Gas pocket
25
Spark Plugs
1000
2 4 5
800 T 600
400 S
1 Self-cleaning temperature 4 Standard spark plugs 2 Pre-ignition temperature 3 Low heat range (hot type) spark plugs
S: Vehicle speed T: Spark plug temperature ( ) C
5 High heat range (cold type) spark plugs
Spark plug temperature and vehicle speed (1)

The relationship between the spark plug temperature and vehicle speed and heat range is expressed with a graph like that in the figure. There are restrictions on the temperatures at which spark plugs can be used: the lower limit is the self-cleaning temperature and the upper limit is the pre-ignition temperature.A spark plug only functions completely when its center electrode temperature is between these temperatures of about 500 C and 950 C.

- self-cleaning temperature
When the center electrode temperature is 500 or lower, C free carbon generated when the fuel does not combust completely is deposited on the surface of the insulator. Therefore, the insulation between the insulator and the housing falls, electricity leaks occurs, the spark across the gap is incomplete, causes ignition failures. This temperature of 500 is C called the self-cleaning temperature because above this temperature the carbon is naturally burnt away completely by combustion.

- pre-ignition temperature
When the center electrode reaches 950 or higher, preC ignition (early ignition) occurs, meaning that the electrode serves as a heat source and ignition occurs without a spark. Therefore, output falls and this can reach the level of electrode wear and insulator damage.

Low heat range spark plugs have center electrode
tem-peratures that rise easily and even at low-speed, they easily reach the self-cleaning temperature, so carbon is not deposited easily on the insulator section. On the other hand, high heat range spark plugs have center electrode temperatures that do not rise easily, so they are unlikely to reach the preignition temperature even at high speed. Therefore, this type of spark plug is generally used for high speed, high output engines. That is why it is necessary to select spark plugs with the appropriate heat range for the engine characteristics, run-ning conditions, etc.
26
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
5 Service Life
Electrode wear
The electrode wears from the locations that discharge easily with spark discharge. In particular, since the center electrode reaches high temperatures, it oxidizes and wears. The amount of electrode wear varies with the electrode material melting point, strength, hardness, etc. In order to reduce the amount of this wear, nickel alloys, platinum, iridium, and other such materials are used for the electrodes and service lives are also extended with fine electrodes. Also, the wear varies with the engine type and usage conditions, but for normal nickel alloy plugs, it is approximately in the range of 0.10-0.15 mm for each 10,000 km driven.
Electrode wear
Rise in required voltage

The required voltage rises in proportion to the distance driven. This rise in the required voltage is large until the sharp section at the end of the center electrode is worn round to some degree (about 4,000 km). After that, the main factor is the enlargement of the gap due to electrode wear and the rise in the required voltage is smaller.
1 Shape change
D: Mileage driven (km)
2 Gap wear
V: Required voltage (kV)
Misfiring and its cause
Air-Fuel mixture does not burn.
Failure due to sparks not dischanging between the electrodes of the spark plug This occurs when the voltage generated by the ignition coil is lower than the voltage required by the spark plug.
Sparks dischange between the electrodes of the spark plug but the air-fuel mixture does not ignite and burn.
27
Spark Plugs
Economic service life

The physical service life for a spark plug can be thought of as the number of kilometers driven until the spark plug begins to misfire. Misfiring causes not only wastage of fuel, but also irregular engine vibration and output drop. In particular, for vehicles with emissions controls, misfiring can damage the catalytic converter, so using a spark plug all the way to the end of its physical service life is inexpedient economically. Therefore, as the economical replacement interval, replacement after the number of kilometers in the figure above is recommended. (However, 100,000 km for platinum & iridium spark plugs.)
Recommended Torque and Tightening Angle for DENSO plugs.

1) Use the correct wrench for the hex on the plug, and be careful not to damage the insulator. 2) When changing, make sure that the oil, etc. on the outside of the plug does not enter the engine interior. 3) When putting the plugs in, clean the engine side of the flange, and put in the plugs after making sure the gasket is in the flange. 4) Make sure the plugs are vertical, and tighten them by hand until they cannot be tightened any further. 5) Then, use a plug wrench to tighten them accurately to the torque or rotation angle showed in the chart below.
If a thread lubricant such as grease is coated on the thread, tightening to the recommended torque is tightening too much; this has been linked to seal leakage. Do not use a thread lubricant. Tightening more than the tightening angles and torques shown on the right could result in damage to the engine and furthermore could result in the plug coming off at the thread.
Thread Size
Applicable Models
Recommended Recommended Tightening Angle Torque New Plug Previously Used
M8 M10 M10 M10 M12 M14 M14 M18
All Types Types other than the ones shown below UFE, IUH, VUH, VNH Types Stainless Gasket Type 1 All Types Types other than the ones shown below Stainless Gasket Type 2 All Types
8-10Nm 10-15Nm 10-15Nm 10-15Nm 15-20Nm 20-30Nm 20-30Nm 30-40Nm 20-30Nm
About 1 turn About 1/3 turn About 2/3 turn About 3/4 turn About 1/3 turn About 1/2 turn About 2/3 turn About 1/4 turn About 1/16 turn
About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/16 turn
M14 Taper seat All Types

1 IUH27ES, U24FER9S
2 PK22PR-L11S, SK22PR-M11S, IK16G, IK20G, IK22G, VK16G, VK20G, VK22G, K20PR-U9S, SK20PR-L9S SKJ20DR-M11S, KJ20DR-M11S, K20PR-L11S
28
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
6 How to read Spark Plugs

How to read types
DENSO spark plug type names are combinations of letters and numbers. The model names tell you the installation thread diameter, heat range, reach, and shape. Car manufacturers select appropriate spark plugs for the engine and vehicle type, so use the specified spark plugs. I : High-performance spark plugs W : Thread Diameter and Hex Size 16 : Heat range E : Reach X : Shape (type, ) R : Internal Construction U : Shape (type) 11 : Gap
High Performance Plug Thread Diameter and Hex Size Heat Range Reach High Performance Plug Shape (Type) Shape ( Thread Diameter and Hex Size Internal Construction Heat Range Shape (Type) Reach Gap Shape (Type) Shape ( Internal Construction Shape (Type) Gap High Performance Plug Thread Diameter and Hex Size Heat Range Reach Shape (Type)
29
Shape (
Internal Construction
Spark Plugs
High Performance Plug Thread Diameter and Hex Size Heat Range Reach Shape (Type) Shape ( ) High Performance Plug Thread Diameter and Hex Size Heat Range Reach Shape (Type) Shape ( ) ) Shape (Type) Shape ( Internal Construction
Internal Construction Plug High Performance Plug High Performance Shape Diameter and Hex and (Type) ThreadThread DiameterSize Hex Size Gap Heat Heat Range Range Reach Reach Shape Shape (Type) (Type) Shape ( Shape Shape (Type) (Type) Gap Gap High Performance Plug Thread Diameter and Hex Size Heat Range Reach Shape (Type) Shape (Type) Gap Shape ( ) Internal Construction Internal Construction Internal Construction
Gap High Performance Plug Heat Range Reach Shape (Type) Shape (Type) Gap Shape ( Internal Construction
Thread Diameter and H
30
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
7 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Diagnosing the state of the spark plugs is an effective method for elucidating the cause of engine troubles.
Normal

The insulator leg section has light gray or tan deposits and slight electrode erosion.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Carbon fouling
[Appearance] The insulator foot section and electrode section are covered with dried, soft black carbon. [Results] Poor starting, misfiring, acceleration defect. [Cause] Repeated short-distance driving (driving with the engine cool), incorrect choking (overly rich air-fuel mixture), injection timing delay, plug heat range too high.
31
Spark Plugs
Oil fouling
Extreme electrode wear
Insulator breakage
[Results] Poor starting and misfiring. [Cause] Oil leaking due to piston ring, cylinder, or valve guide wear (occurs easily to new engines and engines that have just been overhauled), high oil content in air-fuel mixture (2-stroke engines).
[Result] Poor starting and acceleration. [Cause] Inadequate maintenance (spark plug has exceeded its service life).
[Result] Shorts due to insulation defect, causes poor idling and misfiring during acceleration. [Cause] Spark plug removed/installed incorrectly (spark plug turned too far with spark plug wrench, excess tightening torque, or other inappropriate work).
Fuel fouling
Spark plug gap too large
[Appearance] The spark plug is wet with gasoline immediately after it is removed, but it soon dries off. [Results] Poor starting and misfiring. [Cause] The air-fuel ratio is too rich and is not igniting. (Among the ways this can happen is if the driver presses the accelerator over and over while starting the vehicle.) [Handling] Remove all the spark plugs, crank the starter motor to bring fresh air into the cylinder and make the air-fuel ratio leaner.
[Appearance] The gap is wider than appropriate. [Result] Poor starting and acceleration. [Cause] The gap is inappropriate; the wrong spark plug was selected.
Lead fouling
[Appearance] The insulator leg section has yellow or yellowish-brown burnt on deposits or is covered with a glossy surface. [Result] Misfiring during rapid acceleration or under high load, but no problem in normal running. [Cause] Use of gasoline with much lead.
32
[Appearance] The insulator section and electrode section is black and lustrous with wet oily deposits.
[Appearance] The center and ground. electrodes are rounded and the gap has become too wide.
[Appearance] Insulator cracked.
Spark Plugs
Chapter 2
Spark Plugs
4 1 2 3 4 5 6 5
Housing installation screw section melting
[Appearance] Thread screw section melting. [Result] Power loss due to engine damage. [Cause] Incorrect spark plug tightening.
Overheating
Pre-ignition
Physical damage to ignition tip section
[Appearance] The insulator nose section is scorched extremely white with small black deposits. Rapid electrode wear. [Result] Loss of power when running at high speed or under high load. [Cause] Spark plug incorrectly tightened, engine cooling problem, ignition timing too early, spark plug heat range too low, severely abnormal combustion.
[Appearance] The center electrode or ground electrode is melted or scorched. There are spots on the insulator nose section and deposits of aluminum or other metal powder. [Result] Power loss due to engine damage. [Cause] Often this is due to overheating; preignition is a phenomenon in which combustion occurs before ignition. The plug heat range is too low, the injection timing is too advanced, etc.
[Appearance] The electrode is bent and the insulator nose section is broken. Indentations are sometimes seen on the electrode. [Results] Misfiring [Cause] The spark plug thread reach is too long for the engine head or there is some kind of foreign matter (a small bolt, nut, or the like) in the combustion chamber.
Insulator breakage
Ground electrode breakage
[Cause] Overheating of the ground electrode and severe engine vibration.
[Appearance] The insulator nose section is cracked or broken. [Results] Misfiring [Cause] Severely abnormal combustion, lack of attention to gap adjustment.
33
Spark Plugs
Corona stain
[Result] No impact on the spark plug performance. [Cause] This occurs due to electrical stress in the air near the insulator. (This is not a spark plug gas leak, for which it is sometimes mistaken.)
8 Comprehensive test
From the following statements about select the incorrect one.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
They greatly reduce the required voltage and raise the ignition performance. Thanks to DENSO's unique U-groove ground electrodes, they secure a large volume for flame core formation. The new iridium alloy for the center electrodie improves the oxidation resistance at high temperature. They have longer service life than vehicle manufacturer's genuine iridium spark plugs. When using Select an spark plugs in vehicles which have used normal spark plugs, check in the application table. spark plug with the same heat range as the normal spark plug.
spark plugs,
These are high-performance spark plugs that use the world's first ultra-fine 0.4-mm diameter center electrodes.
Since the required voltage is 3-5 kV, lower than it of normal spark plugs, use with a wider gap. When installing new spark plugs on the engine, the same as for normal spark plugs, turn them in as far as they will go by hand, then tighten 1/4-1/2 rotation with a spark plug wrench.
Answer on next page
34
[Appearance] Brown deposites on the insulator directly above the housing.
Spark Plugs
Chapter 3
Basics of Ignition
Study Tips How is the high voltage produced? When does the spark discharge occur?
1 High Voltage Generation

Let us try. (1)
If you line up the two coils and pass current through one coil (the primary coil), magnetic flux is generated. When a constant current is flowing in the primary coil, the magnetic flux does not change, so electromotive force is not generated in the secondary coil. With the coils in this state, let us try cutting off the current in the primary coil with the switch.
Switched on
5 4
6 2 3
Let us try. (2)

When the switch is switched On Off to cut off the primary current, the magnetic flux generated up until now by the primary current disappears suddenly. This change in the magnetic flux generates hundreds of volts of counter-electromotive force in the primary coil (self-induction action) and furthermore generates electromotive force in the secondary coil that is amplified by the winding ratio. (Mutual induction action) This is how the high voltage required for the ignition spark is generated.
The number of windings in the secondary coil. Secondary voltage The number of windings in the primary coil.
Chapter 3 Basics of Ignition
1 Battery 4 Secondary coil
2 Switch 5 Voltmeter
3 Primary coil 6 Magnetic flux
Switched off
5 4
(Counterelectromotive force in the primary coil)
6 2 3
Let us try. (3)

Also when the switch is switched Off On, the magnetic flux changes due to the change in the primary coil and the self-induction action of the coil generates counter-electromotive force, but this does not rise higher than the battery voltage. Therefore, the change in the magnetic flux is softened and the voltage generated in the secondary coil is so low that it does not reach the discharge voltage.
2 Switch 5 Voltmeter
3 Primary coil 6 Magnetic flux
35
Answer: 5,8
Spark Plugs
Reference
Self-induction action
When you change the current flowing through one coil, its magnetic flux also changes and induced electromotive power is generated in the coil. This phenomenon is called self-induction action. The induced electromotive power works to obstruct the change in the current. Therefore, when current is passed through a coil, the self-induction action works to obstruct that current, so it takes time for the current to flow into the coil. This phenomenon is called the primary current rise time.
Switched off
Switched on
1 Current
2 Counter-electromotive force due to self-induction
36
Spark Plugs
Chapter 3
Basics of Ignition
Ignition coil
This generation of high voltage through such coil self-induction action and mutual induction action takes place within the ignition coil. The ignition coil has two coils, the primary coil and the secondary coil, and their winding ratio is about 1:100. The actual connecting and cutting off of the primary current is handled by transistors in the igniter or by mechanical contacts in the distributor.
2 4
5 8
1 6 7
Ignition coil circuit
2 Ignition switch 6 Signal
3 Ignition coil 7 Transistor
4 Primary coil 8 Spark plug
Primary current and high voltage

The magnitude of the secondary voltage generated in the ignition coil is proportional to the magnitude of the primary current. However, generally as the figure shows, the higher the engine speed, the lower the voltage generated. This is because the higher the engine speed, the less time there is for the primary current to build up and the value of this current decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to control the primary current to be constant from low speed to high speed. One method for this control is dwell angle control.
A B
Secondary voltage generation Ne: Engine speed V: Secondary voltage
A Coil A
B Coil B
37
Spark Plugs
2 High Voltage Control

Dwell angle control (1)
The dwell angle expresses the primary coil energized duration proportion (magnitude) with the distributor rotation angle. When the speed is constant,
Distributor Rotation angle ON Dwell angle Energized duration
Large dwell angle = Long energized duration

is the relationship.
ON
Small
Short
Dwell angle control is to control the primary coil energized duration (dwell angle) according to the speed of the engine.
Large
Long
For example, if the coil resistance is 1 ohm, the primary current is 12 A (for 12 V). However, until the primary current reaches 12A, it is obstructed by the self-induction action, so some time (t) is required.
12A
t T
Primary current rise characteristic T: Time I: Primary current

When the dwell angle is constant, as the engine speed reaches high speed, the energized duration becomes shorter, so the primary current decreases and the secondary voltage decreases too. Therefore, when the engine is rotating at high speed, if the start of the energized duration is made earlier to lengthen the energized duration, the decrease in the coil primary current can be prevented. In this manner, the energized duration proportion, in other words the dwell angle, is controlled to be the optimum value for the engine speed.
I1 I2 I L H
ON
OFF
OFF
T
T: Time I: Primary current Primary current and engine speed H: For high speed L: For low speed
38
Spark Plugs
Chapter 3
Basics of Ignition
3 Ignition Timing
Ignition timing and combustion pressure
Until the air-fuel mixture ignites and the combustion reaches the maximum pressure requires a certain time. (Ignition lag, flame propagation) Generally, the engine releases the maximum pressure when the maximum pressure due to combustion comes at the position where the crankshaft position is about 10 degrees after top dead center (ATDC10 CA), so the ignition timing is set ahead of that time by the duration of the flame propagation and the ignition lag.
Furthermore, since the combustion speed until the maximum pressure is reached depends on the engine speed, the engine load, etc., it is necessary to control the ignition timing according to those factors.
A: Ignition
B: Ignition lag
C: Flame propagation
D: Crankshaft angle P: Pressure
E: Maximum combustion pressure
F: Combustion completion
4 Ignition Order
In multi-cylinder engines, in order to make the engine run smoothly, the cylinders are combusted in a specific order. Example of the ignition order for a 4-cycle multi-cylinder engine
4 cylinders 6 cylinders 8 cylinders
3 2 1
39
Spark Plugs
Example of 4-cylinder engine ignition order

a) 1-3-4-2 b) 1-2-4-3
4 cylinders
1 2 3 4
Crankshaft position

a) 1-5-3-6-2-4 b) 1-4-2-6-3-5
6 cylinders
1 2 3 4
Crankshaft position

a) 1-8-6-2-7-3-4-5 b) 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2
8 cylinders
6 5
8 7 4 3 2 1
Crankshaft position
5 Comprehensive Test
From the following statements about ignition, select the incorrect one.
1 2 3 4 5 6
The winding ratio between the comparatively thick primary coil and the comparatively thin secondary coil is about 1:100. The primary coil energized duration expressed as the distributor rotation angle is called the dwell angle. When the primary coil current is switched Off, mutual electromotive induction power is generated in the secondary coil. As the engine speed increases, the secondary voltage falls. As the engine speed increases, the primary current falls. 4-cylinder engines ignite the cylinders in order from No. 1 to No. 4.
Answer on next page
40
IDENTIFYING DENSOI PLUGS I O N S T h e P L U G S C O N F G U R AT

Needle to needle Iridium Plug
Example Example FK20HR11
Iridium Plug
Example ZXE20HR13
FXE20HE11
0.55mm Dia. Iridium
0.55mm Dia. Iridium 0.7mm Dia.Platinum
Iridium Power is...

With an Ultra-fine Iridium Alloy Center Electrode Employing a high melting point iridium alloy tip for the center electrode tip, a fine dia. of 0.4mm has been realized. This fine electrode has led to a lower spark voltage and a large increase in ignitability, which draws out even more output and accelerator response from the engine. Melting Point: Iridium ; 2454C,Platinum ; 1769 C
0.7mm Dia.Platinum
Used as a genuine Nissan TIIDA and NOTE part. FXE20HE11 is a 12mm Diameter x 26.5mm Length, and 14mm Hex new type
The ground electrode of this revolutionary iridium plug features DENSO's very own technology and is needle-shaped, resulting in an unparalleled reduction in quenching action. Used in the Toyota Sienta and the Toyota Crown since 2003.
By using the 0.55mm diameter fine iridium center electrode and the platinum tipped ground electrode, lifetime has been improved. 12mm Diameter x 26.5mm Length, and 14mm Hex new type Used as a genuine Nissan LAFESTA part.
Iridium Plug
Example SK16R-P11SK20R11
New Triple Electrode Iridium Plug

Example SK20BR11
U-Groove Plug
Example W16EX-U
Platinum ZU Plug
Example W31ES-ZU
Platinum Plug
Example PK20R11
0.7mm Dia. Iridium Tip Platinum Tip
0.7mm Dia. Iridium Tip Platinum Tip
Side Electrodes
Platinum
Platinum Tip
We developed the 0.7mm diameter ultra-fine iridium alloy electrode, the first the world. Ignitability and lifetime have been improved dramatically. SK16R-P11 comes standard with the Toyota Century.
During regular operation, it sparks with the main electrode, but when it becomes fouled, it sparks with the side electrodes to burn off the carbon - this plug is the optimum design for direct injection engines. It comes standard with the Toyota Crown's 3R direct injection engine (D-4).
With a U-Groove ground electrode, large ignition energy can be obtained, easily igniting even lean mixtures. Because it is fully projected (2.5mm insulator projection), carbon fouling is reduced, and smooth starting and acceleration performance are realized.
With a taper-cut ground electrode, quenching action is dramatically reduced, increasing ignitability. With a special platinum alloy in the center electrode (0.7mm dia.). The attached part is spot welded in three locations for a high degree of reliability.
Platinum is used in both the center electrode and the ground electrode. By making the center electrode fine and by using a platinum tip, fuel consumption, drivability, and durability have been increased.
Platinum Plug for DLI (+ -Discharge)

Example PK20R-P11
Extended Platinum Plug

Example PKJ20CR-L11
Dual Electrode Platinum Plug

Example PK20TR11
Single-Side Platinum Plug

Example Q20PR-P11K16PR-TP11
Semi-Surface Gap Plug for Rotary Engines

Example S29A
To prevent wear during plus (+) discharge, the size of the platinum has been increased.
By extending the spark position into the combustion chamber, the combustion efficiency is increased and fuel consumption and drivability are improved.
The parts of the center electrode facing the ground electrodes have been platinum tipped. The dual electrode construction results in a lower required voltage during the plus (+) discharge.
Only the center electrode is platinum tipped, allowing the electrode to be made fine which increases fuel consumption, drivability, and durability. K16PR-TP11 has had the ground electrode taper cut, further increasing ignitability.
Employing a semi-surface gap discharge, ignitability, fouling resistance, and durability have been increased. Reduced voltage loss using a 7 rib design.
Extended Plugs
Example J16AR-U11 Example KJ20CR11KJ20CR-U11 Example KJ20CR-L11 Example J16AY
Semi-Surface Gap Plug

Example W20EKR-S11W20EPR-S11
7mm 5mm 5mm 7mm
Using a U-grooved ground electrode, a large ignition performance is obtained, allowing even lean mixtures to be ignited easily. The spark position is extended into the ignition chamber, improving combustion efficiency, fuel consumption, and drivability.
For Mazda and Mitsubishi Vehicles. KJ20CR11 has no U-groove. KJ20CR-U11 has a U-groove.
The ground electrode is taper cut and the center electrode is made finer, improving ignitability.
Specifically for Daihatsu, there are two ground electrodes, ensuring durability.
Using a semi-surface discharge, ignitability and fouling resistance are increased. W20EKR-S11 are for Honda vehicles, while W20EPR-S11are for Mitsubishi vehicles.
Because these are specialty plugs, installation on any other than the specified vehicles is not possible
41
Answer: 6
T h e P L U G S C O N F I G U R AT I O N S
Semi-Surface Double Electrode Plug
Example W20ETR-S11
Shrouded Semi-Surface Gap Double Electrode Plug

Example K20DTR-S11W20DTR-S11
Triple Electrode Plug

Example K22PBW20EPB
Small Hex Plug

Example Q16R-U11Q16PR-U11
ISO Compatible Small Hex Plug

Example K16R-U11K16PR-U11
ISO
Type
53mm 50.5mm
A double ground electrode with a 1mm gap is used. Using a short opposed-type dual ground electrode, excellent durability is obtained. Improved ignitability because it is fully projected. With the new addition of a supplementary gap, fouling resistance is improved. Used for Toyota and Daihatsu.
In addition to a semi-surface gap construction, the end of the threaded portion has been extended into the combustion chamber, and a shroud has been attached to improve fouling resistance. Used for Daihatsu and Subaru.
Durability is increased with triple ground electrodes. For Audi, VW, Citroen, Fiat, Mercedes-Benz, Renault.
By reducing the hex size (16mm), the plug has been made smaller.
This product is compatible with ISO standards. *Because the installed height (H) is 2.5mm shorter than with the Q type, be careful during installation.
Small Plug for Small Cars

Example XU22EPR-U
Long Housing Plugs

Example QL20PR-U QL20TR-S
TaperSeat Plug
Example T16EPR-U
Motorcycle Plugs
Example X24GPR-U Example X24EPR-U9
19mm
3mm
By reducing the hex size (16mm), the plug has been made compatible with small cars. Thread size is 12mm.
By making the middle cylinder longer, installation dimensions have been secured. Exclusively for Daihatsu. QL20TR-S has double ground electrodes and a semisurface gap resulting in improved anti-fouling properties.
Solely for non-Japanese vehicles that do not have a gasket.
Because the thread end has a 3mm shroud, and the reach is 22mm, it can be used only for the specified vehicles. For Honda
12mm Diameter X 19mm Length
Motorcycle Plugs
Example W27EMR-C Example U27FER9 Example U31ETR Example U27ESR-N Example U20FSR-U
6.3mm 12.7mm
Plug with a compact insulator head. For Suzuki and Honda.
A 10mm Diameter X 19mm Length, half-threaded. With a wider gap of 0.9mm compared to conventional plugs (0.6 to 0.7mm), this plug has improved ignitability. For Honda
With double ground electrodes, heat resistance is improved. For Kawasaki and Suzuki.
10mm Diameter X 19mm Length, fully threaded. By making the projection 0.5mm greater, fouling resistance has been improved. For Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha.
10mm Diameter X 12.7mm Length
Motorcycle Plugs
Example Y27FER
Resistor Plug
Reduces the amount of radio noise generated during ignition.
Reduced Radio Noise
Resistor
Very Miniature Plug (8mm Diameter X 19mm Length, half-threaded). Cannot be used on any other than the specified vehicles. For Honda .
By adding a 5k resistor between the center electrode and the center electrode core, we have created a plug that has less radio noise during ignition. With the increasing number of electronic devices on vehicles, most new cars today come standard with resistor plugs.
42
Q1
What type of spark plug is the ?
This is a new generation of high-performance spark plug that uses the worlds smallest (*1) iridium center electrode that is a mere 0.4 mm in diameter.
Tapered Cut
The tip of the ground electrode has been cut to form a taper. This greatly improves firing performance by reducing quenching.
U-Groove
A U-groove has been cut inside the ground electrode to maintain the large volume of space required to form the nucleus of a flame. While still keeping the required voltage low, this technology enables excellent firing performance without increasing the spark gap.
Ultra-fine 0.4 mm diameter iridium
electrode
Use of a new iridium alloy that has a high melting point has enabled miniaturization of the center electrode. Required voltage has been lowered and firing performance improved.
(All types): Japan (2877035, 2921524, 3000955), U.K. (2302367), U.S.A. (5977695, 6078129, 6093071, 6094000, 6262522), People's Republic of China (961022841), Republic of Korea (0292083)
Highly corrosion-resistant
(*2)
bright nickel plating

Bright nickel plating, as used in racing car spark plugs, is used in the housing to give the plug high resistance against corrosion.
*1: As of Nov. 1999, this excludes flush type electrodes that do not protrude from the insulator. *2: Excluding some types
43
Why was the center electrode of the Q2 reduced to only 0.4 mm?
To lower the required voltage and improve firing performance. The most advanced technology in the world has been employed to enable use of the worlds smallest(*) electrode, at 0.4 mm in diameter, in the .
The smaller the electrode the more concentrated the electric potential at the tip of the electrode and the stronger the electric field that affects required voltage and the lower the required voltage. As a result, combustion is good for all types of driving, the engine starts easily, and acceleration improves.
Electric field strength shown using FEM(*1) analysis
Normal spark plug(*2)

Weak Strength of electric field Strong
The above shows the strength of electrical field in case certain voltage changes on normal spark plug and . The more electrical field strength is getting high, the more it becomes easy to fire with low voltage. *1 FEM (Finite Element Method analysis): General method to measure electrical field strength. *2 Normal spark plug mentioned in this brochure is resistor plug.
The electrode also has a quenching (cooling) effect (effect where the electrode takes away the heat of the spark as soon as firing occurs). Therefore, in a thick electrode the cooling effect is great and sometimes firing does not occur as shown in Figure 4 . The characteristics of this firing is called firing performance. To improve firing performance, the contact area between the electrode and the flame nucleus needs to be made reduced in size. Accordingly, the electrode was made as fine as possible in the I to improve firing performance.
Pattern from sparking to firing

1 Sparking 2 Generation of flame nucleus 3 Growth of flame nucleus 4 Firing
Sparks discharge on the part of the electrode where they can discharge most easily.
Electric discharge energy activates part of mixed air and a small flame is produced.
The flame grows even though energy is being absorbed in the ground electrode.
Growth of the live coal accelerates and finally, the flame spreads as explosive combustion.
*: As of Nov. 1999, this excludes flush type electrodes that do not protrude from the insulator.
44
How is the iridium tip of the Q3 welded to the electrode?
We use all-round laser welding to ensure a highly reliable joining.
The 0.4 mm iridium tip that generates the high performance of the is an alloy with a very high melting point. Therefore, ordinary resistance welding cannot be used because the iridium does not melt enough and an adequate weld strength cannot be guaranteed. All-round laser welding, which employs a high-energy laser, is used in the to melt and weld all around welding points. Because all area to be welded is completely melted, the welding point is extremely reliable, thus ensuring stable and quality response without changes in the electrode, even under heavy driving conditions.
All-round laser welding
45
What advantages does the U-groove in the Q4 ground electrode have?
Ignitability can be improved without increasing the required voltage. (The U-groove is original DENSO
technology and a patent for it was acquired in 1975.)
To improve ignitability, it is important to allow the good growth of the flame nucleus (live coal) created in discharge. The usual way of ensuring this is increasing the spark gap, but this also increases the required voltage and thus places a great load on the ignition coil and plug cords.
Flame nucleus Spark gap (small)
Bad
Normal electrode
Spark gap (large)
The ground electrode, with its U-groove, maintains a large volume of space without altering the spark gap. Therefore, excellent firing ignitability is enabled even though the sparking required is kept low.
Spark gap (small)
Good
Ground electrode with U-groove
Spark gap (small)
46
What advantages does the tapered cut in the 5 ground electrode have?
Ignitability is improved. Also, the heat and vibrations experienced by the electrodes at combustion are decreased, enabling an increase in driving performance.
As explained in the answer to Q2 , to improve ignitability, an important characteristic of spark plugs, it is important to minimize the portion of the electrode that comes in contact with the flame nucleus. Because the area of the ground electrode with tapered cut that comes into contact with the flame nucleus is small, the heat lost to the electrode is lessened and firing performance improves dramatically. Also, the surface area and weight of the ground electrode tip is reduced and so the load in terms of heat and vibrations is lessened. This means that the spark plug can cope with heavier driving conditions.
Tapered cut
47
What are the differences between and iridium spark plugs Q6 offered as genuine parts by car manufacturers?
They use iridium of the same quality in the tip but the purposes and specifications of the spark plugs differ.
The is a high performance spark plug. The iridium spark plugs offered as genuine parts by car manufacturers are long-life spark plugs. The center electrode in both is made from the new iridium alloy but the purpose of both are different. Therefore, the electrode diameter and ground electrode specifications also differ.
Iridium spark plugs provided as genuine parts Type High performance type Long life type
Appearance
Tapered cut
U-groove 0.4 mm iridium tip
Platinum tip 0.7 mm iridium tip
Electrode
Longevity Type
15,000 to 20,000 km IK20
100,000 km SK20R11
DENSO precious metal spark plugs are classified into the four types shown in the following table according to the center electrode material and type.
Type Electrode material
High performance type ( 0.4) ZU plug ( 0.7)
Long life type Iridium plug ( 0.7) Platinum plug ( 1.1)
Iridium alloy Platinum alloy
The figures in parentheses represent the diameter of the center electrode.
48
Q7
What type of material is used to produce the electrode employed for
Iridium is the same type of precious metal as platinum. It is characterized by its extremely high melting point and great strength.
Iridium
(Ir)
Platinum
(Pt)
Nickel
(Ni)
Gold
(Au)
Silver
(Ag)
Melting point
C
2454 112 5.3 240
1769 14 10.6 40
1453 68 6.8 160
1063 13 2.3 25
960 13 1.6 26
Strength
kgf/mm2
Electrical resistance
cm
Hardness
HV,20 C
Melting point The melting point of iridium is approximately 680 higher than C
that of platinum and is difficult to melt even in the high temperatures produced by electrical discharges and combustion.
Strength
Iridium has high material strength compared to other materials and provides stable performance under heavier driving conditions.
Electrical resistance Because the electrical resistance is lower than

platinum and the base material of electrodes, nickel, iridium is suitable for use in spark plug electrodes.
Hardness Iridium is harder than other materials and has great

material strength.
49
Why can iridium now be used in Q8 electrodes?
DENSO is now able to use iridium because of our technology in the field of precious metals, for which we are a world-leader and also because of our advanced laser welding technology.
As explained in the answer to Q7 , iridium is an extremely hard material. In the past, sintering material was generally cut and this meant high costs and restrictions on processing form and dimensions. Therefore, it could not be used as a material in spark plugs. However, our new precious metals technology has meant that we can now process iridium by drawing it in its melted form. This enables iridium to be processed in all dimensions and forms. Therefore, DENSO has moved quickly to use it as a material for use in spark plug electrodes.
Q9
In what other fields is iridium commonly used for?
Because of its high melting point and superb corrosion resistance, iridium is used widely in fields employing state-of-the-art technology such as the aerospace, medical, and motor vehicle industries.
Components in aerospace industry Electrodes for equipment used in clinical medicine such as pacemakers and catheters Metal pots for growing crystals for electronic industries Automobile catalyzers Jewelry
50
Q10
Is the tip in the made of pure iridium?

We use a new iridium alloy developed at DENSO.
Iridium is characterized by a higher melting point than either nickel or platinum. Therefore, it wears very well when subject to electrical discharge. However, at high temperatures it oxidizes a little too much and so we are unable to use pure iridium for spark plug electrodes.
Melting point( C) 3410 2610 2454 1769 1453 1063 960
Element Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Iridium (Ir) Platinum (Pt) Nickel (Nl) Gold (Au) Silver (Ag)
Oxidation resistance Bad Bad Good Better Good Better Better

(The above is analyzed in DENSO.)
DENSO studied many additives with a view to improving the corrosion resistance of iridium and has now developed a new iridium alloy (the alloy of iridium and rhodium) highly suitable for use in spark plug electrodes. This new product is covered by the following DENSO patents; JP2877035, GB2302367; and other patents pending in USA, Germany, Canada, Italy and South Korea. The following photographs compare the durability of the new iridium alloy and pure iridium when used in an engine under the same conditions.
New DENSO iridium alloy Pure iridium
Test engine: 90 cc 4-cycle 1-cylinder
Test conditions:Full X 9000rpm X 30h
Part of the pure iridium material was shed and corroded. The new DENSO iridium alloy showed no corrosion on the electrode and mainfained good condition.
51
Q11 Tell me about the firing performance of the . A

Use of a ultra-fine 0.4 mm diameter iridium center electrode and a tapered cut and a U-groove in the ground electrode has enabled us to achieve previously unparalleled firing performance in the .
Ordinarily, the leaner the air mix the more difficult the firing. The greater the ignitability limits, that is the leaner the air mix in which a plug can spark, the better firing performance a plug is said to have. The following graph shows some examples of ignitability limits (*) for various spark plugs.
*: Ignitability limits (Air/Fuel); 1)Lean limits to be able to fire 2)As this figure is getting higher, it will become easier to fire. Test engine: 1600 cc, 4-valve, 4-cylinder
Good
18
0.4 Platinum plug 1.1 Normal plug 2.5
(Lean)
17
16
Air/Fuel
Ignitability Limits
(Rich)
0.6 0.8 1.0 1. 2 1.4 1.6
15
14
13
12
11
10
spark plug gap (mm)

Compared to normal spark plugs, with a spark gap of 0.8mm, the Ignitability limits is better by 2.5.
52
Tell me about the required voltage in the Q12 .
The required voltage is reduced by the use of the ultra-fine 0.4 mm diameter center electrode.
Recently, there has been a trend to increase the compression ratio to increase output in engines. This means that the required voltage of spark plugs tends to increase and high compression is required in highly tuned engines. When this occurs, the required voltage increases and, in the worst case, sparking ceases while the engine is running. Minimization of the electrode diameter is an effective way of avoiding this. (Refer to the answer for Q2 .) In the , the center electrode has a diameter of 0.4 mm. Because required voltage is kept low, this enables the to be used in high performance engines and for high response driving. The following graph gives examples of required voltage measurements for and normal spark plugs.
Test engine: 660 cc, Carburetor, 3-cylinders
25
Normal spark plug
Required voltage
Good
(kV)
20 15 10
The required voltage in the than in normal plugs.
When started
Idling
Fast acceleration
is between 3 and 5 kv less
Full load driving
53
Q13
What happens at idling when an is used?
Owing to stable combustion, less variation in the idling revolutions is produced, hence there is less need for 'engine-breathing' during idling.
When an engine is idling, firing can become particularly bad. Because the has a low required voltage and high ignitability, sparking continues to work properly during idling. This stabilizes the idling revolution count and quietens the engine. The following graph gives some examples of idling revolution counts.
Engine: 1600cc 4-valve, 4-cylinder
Engine revolution count (rpm)
700
Variations (small)
650
Normal plug
Variations (large)
600 0 10 20 30 40
Time passed (seconds)
Whereas normal plugs have highly variable revolution counts, the maintains very smooth idling. Also, because combustion is good, the explosive energy raises the revolution count.
54
What happens to fuel consumption when Q14 is used?
In many cases, fuel consumption is improved.
When spark plugs are used, accidental fire and misfiring rarely occur under various driving conditions. Therefore, combustion is extremely good. In turn, a healthy engine can be maintained and fuel consumption is improved. In the idling examples given in the answer to Q13 , combustion improved and therefore the revolution count increased. However, if the engines idling revolution control is operated, control that returns an increased revolution count will be operated and the throttle constricted, thus improving fuel consumption during idling. The following graph is the comparison of fuel consumption during idling.
Test engine: 1600 cc 4-valve 4-cylinder
Spark plug
Center electrode Good (mm) 0.53 0.4
Fuel consumption /h
0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57
Normal plugs
2.5
In many cases, fuel consumption will also improve for the same reason during actual running. The following graph is an example that shows an improved fuel consumption when a car is being driven at 60 km/h on flat ground.
Test engine: 1600 cc 4-valve 4-cylinder
Spark plug
Center electrode Good (mm) 2.23 0.4
Fuel consumption /h
2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27
Normal plugs
2.5
55
Does engine performance improve when Q15 is used?
spark plugs enhances the performance of an engine. Acceleration is improved when compared against normal spark plugs.
The 0.4 mm iridium center electrode and the specially shaped ground electrode in an enable a superior ignitability and a lower required voltage than any seen in the past. Accordingly, there is less misfire in areas where required voltage is high, and less misfiring in areas where firing is difficult. No matter how heavy the conditions, high response driving is enabled. As a result, acceleration is better than when normal spark plugs are used. The following graph is an example of an acceleration test.
Vehicle: 250 cc (2-cycle, water-cooled, V2 cylinders) Conditions: Fixed in sixth gear Flat out acceleration from 50 km/h using an automatic driving device
150
Normal spark plug
Speed (km/h)
Difference of 0.7 seconds

100
50
Time
Vehicle: 250 cc (2-cycle, water-cooled, V2 cylinders) Conditions: Fixed in sixth gear Flat out acceleration from 50 km/h using an automatic driving device Running distance difference at 150km/h between ordinaly spark plug and .
Spark plug
Center electrode diameter (mm) 0.4 2.5
Distance run (m)

790 800
Good
810
Normal spark plug
Difference of 6m
There was a difference of 0.7 seconds between and normal spark plugs in the time taken to reach 150 km/h. There was also a difference of 6 m in the distance covered to reach that speed.
56
Can spark plugs of other brand-names be Q16 substituted with ?
Our spark plugs are compatible with almost all spark plugs manufactured by other companies.
spark plugs can replace almost all spark plugs fitted as standard in Japanese and foreign cars. Check for the spark plug you are using in the following table and select the spark plug that corresponds to it. plugs are also compatible not only with standard spark plugs but also with high performance and racing spark plugs and can also be used in engines where the required heat range is high, such as in highly tuned engines. If the spark plug you are using is not in this table, select an from the following table which lists spark plugs by vehicle type.
Comparative Spark Plug Table
DENSO BKR5, ZFR5F, J PFR5 (except A.K) PZFR5 BKR6, ZFR6F, J PFR6 (except A.K) PZFR6 IRIWAY7, BKR7E PFR7 (except A.K),PZFR7 R6326-7, R6255-7 07 ISO R6427-7 RACING TRUST BLITZ
to suit your car
IK16
K16PR-, K16R-U, KJ16C K16TR PK16, PKJ16 K20PR-, K20R-U, KJ20C K20TR PK20, PKJ20 K22
IK20
IK22 IK24 IK27 IQ16 IQ20 IQ22 IQ24 IQ27 IW16 IW20 IW22 IXU22 IXU24
K24 K27 Q16PR-, Q16R-U PQ16 Q20PR-, Q20R-U, QJ20C PQ20 Q22 Q24 Q27 W16E P16 W20E P20 W22E P22 XU22 XU24
IRIWAY8 ,PFR8B IRIWAY9 BCPR5 PFR5A,K BCPR6 PFR6A,K IRITOP7 ,BCPR7E , PFR7A IRITOP8, BCPR8E IRITOP9 BPR5E PGR5 BPR6E PGR6 BPR7E PGR7 DCPR7E IRIMAC8, DCPR8E
R6326-8, R6255-8 R6326-9, R6255-9
08 ISO 09 ISO
R6427-8 R6427-9
R6337-7, R5400-7 R6337-8, R5400-8 R6337-9, R5400-9
07 08 09
R6105-7 R6105-8 R6105-9
For normal engines, select a spark plug with the same heat range as a standard spark plug. For highly tuned engines, select one with the heat range that suits the tuning level.
57
What type of cars can current be fitted Q17 with ?
At present, spark plugs can be fitted into almost all Japanese and foreign cars.
There are 85 types of spark plugs (as of Aug. 2005).At least one of these 85 types will be able to be fitted into almost any car.
Does the engine need to be specially Q18 set when fitting ?
No. The plugs can just replace the ones you take out.
The spark plug itself has a low required voltage and high ignitability and is able to draw out the power of an engine. The superb performance of spark plugs is obtained merely by installing them in your vehicle. And, of course, there is no need for special tuning.
58
Q19
How do I select the correct heat-range when fitting to my vehicle?
In ordinary cars, use a spark plug with the same heat range as a normal spark plug. In highly tuned vehicles, select a heat range to suit the tuning level of the engine.
(Ordinarily, the heat range of a highly tuned engine tends to be colder.)
Refer to the following table to compare the heat range of the spark plugs.
and other
DENSO NGK BOSCH
16 5 8
20 6 10,9 7, 6
22 7 8,7 5
24 8 63,61 4
27 9 59 3
29 9.5 57
31 10 55 2
34 11
CHAMPION 12,11
* The above heat range is extracted from other companies' brochure.
How would compare Q20 against high-performance spark plugs offered by other spark plug manufacturers?
A
DENSO
The following table gives examples of high performance plugs marketed by other companies.
Manufacturer
Spark plug
Center electrode diameter Center electrode material (mm)
Tapered cut
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
0.4
ZU spark plug
*1
Iridium alloy Platinum alloy Iridium alloy Platinum alloy Gold-palladium alloy Platinum
0.7 0.6 0.8 2.0 0.9

*2: From the NGK catalog *4: From the BOSCH catalog
NGK
*2 *3
Iriseries spark plug VX spark plug Project Gold Blue Platinum
CHAMPION BOSCH
*4
*1: From NGK Iriseries Plug catalog *3: From the CHAMPION Project Gold catalog
The use of an iridium alloy for the ultra-fine 0.4 mm diameter center electrode, a tapered cut, synonymous with high performance spark plugs, in the ground electrode, and DENSOs original U-groove, make spark plugs high performance spark plugs.
59
Is there anything I need to be aware of Q 21 when fitting ?
As with normal spark plugs, install spark plugs using the correct procedure and appropriate torque.
Spark Plugs
Notes for Installing and Removing
1 Use a spark plug wrench to suit the hexagonal part of the spark plug to ensure that no burring occurs. 2 When removing the spark plug, ensure that no fouling, such as oil on the outside of the plug, enters inside the engine. 3 When installing 4 Place the plugs in vertically and spark plugs, clean the seat for the spark plug in the 5 Then, using a spark plug wrench, rotate for
engine, check the gasket,and then mount the plugs on their seats.
screw in by hand until tight.
between 1/4 and 1/2 of a turn (or between 1/5 and 1/4 of a turn when they are to be re-used).
6 Do not over-tighten spark plugs as this may damage the engine (in particular, aluminum engines) and cause fracturing of the thread.
Can the gap be Q22 adjusted? Can I use any spark plug cleaners ? with the
Do not adjust the spark plug gap. Use of a spark plug cleaner for short periods is acceptable if low pressure is used.
spark plugs use a ultra-fine 0.4 mm iridium center electrode and the spark gap is already set at the optimum distance. If the electrode is damaged by gap adjustment or cleaning, the spark plugs will not perform to their best.
60
LINEUP
On Sale Spring 2005
IKH series
IKH16. IKH20. IKH22 IKH24. IKH27
14mm dia. X 26.5mm length long reach type For Subaru 3 Liter, Nissan, Peugeot, Citroen, and Yamaha Marine. Iridium Tough VKH16, VKH20, and VKH22 are also on sale at the same time.
IK16G IK16. IK20. IK22. IK16L. IK20L. IK20G IK16G. IK20G. IK22G. IK24. IK27. IK31. IK34
IK series
IK16L IK20L On Sale
Summer 2005
IQ series
IQ16. IQ20. IQ22. IQ24. IQ27. IQ31. IQ34
Mainly used for cars. 14mm dia. X 19mm length type. IQ22 and above are for tuned engines, with a spark gap of 0.8mm.
IW series
IW16. IW20. IW22. IW24. IW27. IW29. IW31. IW34
14mm dia. X 19mm length fully threaded type. IW16 to 22 are focused on ignitability with a 1.5mm projection, whereas IW24 to 34 are focused on heat resistance with a projection of -1.5mm. The spark position of IW24 to 34 is projected 0.5mm compared to normal (1.0 1.5mm).
Mainly used for cars. ISO type. 14mm dia. X 19mm length type. IK22 and above are for tuned engines, with a spark gap of 0.8mm. IKL is extended type (spark position 5mm) IK G equips a sus (stainless steel) Gasket
19 mm 19 mm
50.5 mm
53 mm
26.5 mm
19 mm
IWM series
IWM24. IWM27. IWM31
This type has a gasket face height shortened by approximately 10mm from the IW Type. The Iridium Power version of the IWM01- Iridium Racing plugs. Sold as street-use plugs for 2-cycle 250cc sports bikes. For Honda NSR250, Yamaha TZ250R, Suzuki RGV250 (Gamma), Aprilia RS250, KTM260, 300, and 380 ('99 and later). Can also be used for water cooled kart engines.
IWF20 IWF16. IWF20. IWF22. IWF24. IWF27

14mm dia. X 12.7mm length short reach type. IWF27 utilizes the heat resistance of the iridium electrode to extend the spark position 0.5mm (1.0 1.5mm) Harnessing the low required voltage of the 0.4mm dia. iridium, the gap is wider than in standard types (0.7 0.8mm). ignitability is increased even further.
On Sale IWF series Summer 2004 ITV series

IWF16
On Sale ITL series Summer 2004
ITV16. ITV20. ITV22. ITV24. ITV27

14mm dia.. X 25.0mm length tapered seat, long reach type. For the Ford Focus, Mondeo, Escape; Chevrolet Blazer and Mazda Tribute.
ITL16. ITL20
ITL16 ITL20
14mm diameter X 25.0mm length tapered seat, long reach type. Designed so that the head of the plug is 6mm higher than in the ITV For the Chrysler PT Cruiser and Voyager
50 mm
56 mm
19 mm
12.7 mm
25 mm
25 mm
IT series
IT16. IT20. IT22. IT24. IT27
14mm dia. X 17.5mm length tapered seat type. For use with GM, Ford, Citroen, Jaguar, Peugeot, Volvo, MercedesBenz, Lancia, Renault, Audi, and Mazda.
ITF series
ITF16. ITF20. ITF22. ITF24. ITF27
14mm dia. X 11.2mm length tapered seat type. For use with GM and Ford.
IXU series
IXU22. IXU24. IXU27
12mm dia. X 19mm length fully threaded type. The insulator is fully projected (1.5mm), creating a wide heat range and greater ignitability. 16mm Hex For use with small cars and imported motorcycles such as Ducati.
IX series
IX22. IX24. IX27
12mm dia. X 19mm length fully threaded type. Using the high heat resistance of the iridium electrode, the spark position is projected 0.4mm more than in standard types. (1.6 2.0mm) Harnessing the low required voltage of the 0.4mm dia. iridium the gap is wider than in the standard types (0.7 0.8mm). A further increase in ignitability. 18mm Hex
17.5 mm
11.2 mm
19 mm
19 mm
16mm
18mm
61
IX-B series
IX22B. IX24B. IX27B
12mm dia. X 19mm length fully threaded type. Compared to the IX type, the insulator projection is extended 0.9mm (0.6 1.5mm), resulting in a wider heat range. The spark position is projected 0.8mm more than the IX type. (2.0 2.8mm) 18mm Hex
19 mm
IXG series
IXG24. IXG27
The Iridium Power versions of the 2mm shroud type plugs (X24/27GPU) used by Honda. Applicable to CB400SS. An expansion of applications is planned. Applicable to Honda CB400SS, XR400RR, CL400/RS, XLR250R, CBX250S, FTR250, CBX400F, XR250R.
IU series
IU20. IU22. IU24. IU27. IU31
On Sale Summer 2004

IU20
IU-A series
IU24A. IU27A. IU31A
10mm dia. X 19mm length fully threaded slant ground electrode type. Harnessing the low required voltage of the 0.4mm dia. iridium, the gap is wider than in normal type (0.7 0.9mm). ignitability is greatly increased. By making this a single electrode, the spark location is stabilized compared to in normal types (double ground electrode), securing an ideal combustion condition.
Slant Electrode
10mm dia. X 19mm length fully threaded type. Harnessing the low required voltage of the 0.4mm iridium center electrode, the spark gap is wider than in normal type. A further increase in ignitability. For motorcycles such as Yamaha and Kawasaki, also for Ferarri, Maserati, and Alfa Romeo.
22 mm
19 mm
19 mm
IUH series
IUH24. IUH27
10mm dia. X 19mm length half-threaded type. Using the high heat resistance of the iridium electrode, the spark position is extended 0.4mm compared to standard types (1.6 2.0mm) For Honda
IUF series
IUF22. IUF24. IUF14-UB
10mm dia. X 12.7mm length short reach type. Using the high heat resistance of the iridium, the spark position is extended 0.4mm compared to standard types (1.6 2.0mm) Harnessing the low required voltage of the 0.4mm dia. iridium, the spark gap is wider than in normal types (0.7 0.8mm).
IUF-A series
IUF27A. IUF31A
10mm dia. X 12.7mm length short type. Ideal for Gorilla/ Monkey Racing The ground electrode has a slant shape, reducing the thermal stress on it.
IY series
IY24. IY27. IY31
8mm diameter X 19mm length tapered seat, half thread type. The world's first 8mm thread diameter iridium plug Can be used with Honda Smart Dio ('04-), VFR400, RVF400, Kitaco Monkey Head, and NR750.
6.3 mm 19 mm 12.7 mm
12.7 mm
12.7 mm
19 mm
Slant Electrode
8mm
62
S P E C I F I C AT I O N S
DIA. REACH HEX GAP PROJECTION
Terminal shape Ground electrode height Spark position
RESISTOR
No.
ONE PC BOX
BARCODE DENSO P/N
067700-8700 067700-8710 067700-8480 067700-8490 067700-8500 067700-9230 067700-9600 067700-8680 067700-8690 067700-8430 067700-8460 067700-8470 067700-9220 067700-9590 267700-5610 267700-5620 267700-5660 267700-5120 267700-5130 267700-3660 267700-3670 267700-2650 267700-4280 267700 4290 067700-8650 067700-8660 067700-8670 067700-8890 067700-8900 067700-8910 067700-8920 067700-8930 267700-2890 267700-2900 267700-2910 267700-5000 267700-5010 067700-9410 067700-9420 067700-9430 267700-3700 267700-3710 267700-2500 267700-2510 267700-2520 267700-4980 267700-4990 267700-0610 267700-0620 267700-0630 267700-0640 267700-0650 267700-0660 267700-0670 267700-0680 267700-0690 267700-0700 067700-8721 067700-8731 067700-8601 067700-9350 067700-9360 067700-9370 0 42511 02325 3 0 42511 02326 0 0 42511 02327 7 0 42511 02328 4 0 42511 02329 1 0 42511 02330 7 0 42511 02331 4 0 42511 02332 1 0 42511 02333 8 0 42511 02334 5 0 42511 02308 6 0 42511 02309 3 0 42511 02337 6 0 42511 02343 7 0 42511 02344 4 0 42511 02345 1 0 42511 02346 8 0 42511 02347 5 0 42511 02305 5 0 42511 02306 2 0 42511 02307 9 0 42511 02348 2
2pcs BLISTER PACK

BARCODE
0 42511 02301 7 0 42511 02302 4 0 42511 02313 0 0 42511 02314 7 0 42511 02315 4 0 42511 02323 9 0 42511 02324 6 0 42511 02303 1 0 42511 02304 8 0 42511 02310 9 0 42511 02311 6 0 42511 02312 3 0 42511 02321 5 0 42511 02322 2
TYPE IQ16 IQ20 IQ22 IQ24 IQ27 IQ31 IQ34 IK16 IK20 IK22 IK24 IK27 IK31 IK34 IK16G IK20G IK22G IK16L IK20L IKH16 IKH20 IKH22 IKH24 IKH27 IW16 IW20 IW22 IW24 IW27 IW29 IW31 IW34 IWM24 IWM27 IWM31 IWF16 IWF20 IWF22 IWF24 IWF27 ITV16 ITV20 ITV22 ITV24 ITV27 ITL16 ITL20 IT16 IT20 IT22 IT24 IT27 ITF16 ITF20 ITF22 ITF24 ITF27 IXU22 IXU24 IXU27 IX22 IX24 IX27
SPEC
DENSO P/N
100676-3380 100676-3390 100676-3480 100676-3490 100676-3500 100676-3520 100676-3830 100676-3360 100676-3370 100676-3450 100676-3460 100676-3470 100676-3510 100676-3600
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(k)
JIS JIS JIS JIS JIS JIS JIS ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO,SUS GASKET ISO,SUS GASKET ISO,SUS GASKET ISO,EXTENDED ISO,EXTENDED Long Reach26.5mm Long Reach26.5mm Long Reach26.5mm Long Reach26.5mm Long Reach26.5mm
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.2 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.2 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.2 S S S
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
I01 I02 I13 I14 I15 I23 I24 I03 I04 I10 I11 I12 I21 I22 I51 I52 I48 I57 I58 I43 I44 I45 I46 I47 I05 I06 I07 I16 I17 I18 I19 I20 I91 I92 I93 I59 I78 I79 I80 I81 I38 I39 I40 I41 I42 I49 I50 I25 I26 I27 I28 I29 I30 I31 I32 I33 I34 I08 I09 I37 I71 I72 I73
0 42511 05301 4 0 42511 05302 1 0 42511 05313 7 0 42511 05314 4 0 42511 05315 1 0 42511 05323 6 0 42511 05324 3 0 42511 05303 8 0 42511 05304 5 0 42511 05310 6 0 42511 05311 3 0 42511 05312 0 0 42511 05321 2 0 42511 05322 9 0 42511 05351 9 0 42511 05352 6 0 42511 05348 9 0 42511 05357 1 0 42511 05358 8 0 42511 05343 4 0 42511 05344 1 0 42511 05345 8 0 42511 05346 5 0 42511 05347 2 0 42511 05305 2 0 42511 05306 9 0 42511 05307 6 0 42511 05316 8 0 42511 05317 5 0 42511 05318 2 0 42511 05319 9 0 42511 05320 5 0 42511 05391 5 0 42511 05392 2 0 42511 05393 9 0 42511 05359 5 0 42511 05378 6 0 42511 05379 3 0 42511 05380 9 0 42511 05381 6 0 42511 05338 0 0 42511 05339 7 0 42511 05340 3 0 42511 05341 0 0 42511 05342 7 0 42511 05349 6 0 42511 05350 2 0 42511 05325 0 0 42511 05326 7 0 42511 05327 4 0 42511 05328 1 0 42511 05329 8 0 42511 05330 4 0 42511 05331 1 0 42511 05332 8 0 42511 05333 5 0 42511 05334 2 0 42511 05308 3 0 42511 05309 0 0 42511 05337 3 0 42511 05371 7 0 42511 05372 4 0 42511 05373 1
New New New New
100676-5350
16 1.1 2.5 5.0 7.8 RC 16 1.1 2.5 5.0 7.8 RC
14 26.5 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 26.5 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 26.5 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 26.5 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 26.5 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 19 20.6 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 19 20.6 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 19 20.6 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.2 RC 19 20.6 0.7 -0.5 1.5 3.6 RC 19 20.6 0.7 -0.5 1.5 3.6 RC 19 20.6 0.7 -0.5 1.5 3.6 RC 19 20.6 0.7 -0.5 1.5 3.6 RC 19 20.6 0.7 -0.5 1.5 3.6 RC 19 20.6 0.8 -1.5 0.5 2.7 19 20.6 0.8 -1.5 0.5 2.7 19 20.6 0.8 -1.5 0.5 2.7 S S S R R R R R
100676-5160 100676-5140 100676-5170 100676-5180 100676-5190 100676-3400 100676-3410 100676-3420
INSULATOR COMPACT INSULATOR COMPACT INSULATOR COMPACT
14 14 14
New New
14 12.7 20.6 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.2 14 12.7 20.6 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.2 14 12.7 20.6 0.8 -0.5 1.5 3.7 14 12.7 20.6 0.8 -0.5 1.5 3.7 14 12.7 20.6 0.8 -0.5 1.5 3.7 Long Reach(Taper Seat) Long Reach(Taper Seat) Long Reach(Taper Seat) Long Reach(Taper Seat) Long Reach(Taper Seat) Longer Insulator Long Reach(Taper Seat) Longer Insulator Long Reach(Taper Seat) TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT TAPER SEAT 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.2 RC 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC
New New
14 17.5 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 17.5 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 17.5 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.2 RC 14 17.5 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 14 17.5 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 14 11.2 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 11.2 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 11.2 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.2 RC 14 11.2 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 14 11.2 16 0.8 -0.5 1.0 3.2 RC 12 12 12 12 12 12 19 19 19 19 19 19 16 0.9 1.3 2.8 5.0 RC 16 0.9 1.3 2.8 5.0 RC 16 0.9 1.3 2.8 5.0 RC 18 0.8 0.6 2.0 4.1 18 0.8 0.6 2.0 4.1 18 0.8 0.6 2.0 4.1 R R R
100676-3610 100676-3620 100676-3630 100676-3640 100676-3650 100676-3660 100676-3670 100676-3680 100676-3690 100676-3700 100676-3430 100676-3440 100676-3820
63
DIA.
REACH
HEX
GAP
PROJECTION
RESISTOR
No.
ONE PC BOX
BARCODE DENSO P/N
067700-9380 067700-9390 067700-9400 267700-2920 267700-2930 267700-5020 067700-9260 067700-9270 067700-9280 067700-9290 067700-9300 067700-9310 067700-9320 067700-9330 067700-9340 067700-9480 067700-9490 067700-9700 067700-9710 267700-4490 267700-4500 267700-4510
2pcs BLISTER PACK

BARCODE DENSO P/N
TYPE IX22B IX24B IX27B IXG24 IXG27 New IU20 IU22 IU24 IU27 IU31 IU24A IU27A IU31A IUH24 IUH27 IUF22 IUF24 IUF27A IUF31A IY24 IY27 IY31
SPEC
(k)
12 12 12 SHROUD SHROUD 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 HALF THREAD HALF THREAD 10 10
19 19 19 22 22 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
18 0.9 1.5 2.8 5.0 18 0.9 1.5 2.8 5.0 18 0.9 1.5 2.8 5.0 18 0.7 0.7 2.0 4.1 18 0.7 0.7 2.0 4.1 16 0.9 -0.5 0.7 2.6 16 0.9 -0.5 0.7 2.6 16 0.9 -0.5 0.7 2.6 16 0.9 -0.5 0.7 2.6 16 0.9 -0.5 0.7 2.6 16 0.9 -0.5 1.0 2.9 16 0.9 -0.5 1.0 2.9 16 0.9 -0.5 1.0 2.9 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 3.9 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 3.9
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
I75 I76 I77 I94 I95 I60 I61 I62 I63 I64 I65 I66 I67 I68 I69 I83 I84 I85 I86
0 42511 05375 5 0 42511 05376 2 0 42511 05377 9 0 42511 05394 6 0 42511 05395 3 0 42511 05360 1 0 42511 05361 8 0 42511 05362 5 0 42511 05363 2 0 42511 05364 9 0 42511 05365 6 0 42511 05366 3 0 42511 05367 0 0 42511 05368 7 0 42511 05369 4 0 42511 05383 0 0 42511 05384 7 0 42511 05385 4 0 42511 05386 1 0 42511 05400 4 0 42511 05401 1 0 42511 05402 8
10 12.7 16 0.8 0.6 2.0 3.8 10 12.7 16 0.8 0.6 2.0 3.8 10 12.7 16 0.9 -0.5 1.0 2.9 10 12.7 16 0.9 -0.5 1.0 2.9 HALF THREAD HALF THREAD HALF THREAD 8 8 8 19 19 19 13 0.7 0.6 1.4 2.9 13 0.7 0.6 1.4 2.9 13 0.7 -0.5 0.5 2.0
5 I100 5 I101 5 I102
0.4mm IRIDIUM PLUG(OEM TYPE)

RESISTOR
No.
IRIDIUM ONE PC BOX

BARCODE DENSO P/N
067700-9550 067700-9520 267700-1840 267700-1850 267700-1860 267700-1870 267700-2050 267700-1970 067700-9740 067700-8620 267700-1640 067700-9830 067700-9720 267700-5170 267700-0850 067700-9560 067700-9570 267700-2010 267700-1931 267700-4770 267700-2060 267700-2070 267700-0540
IRIDIUM 2pcs BLISTER PACK

BARCODE DENSO P/N
TYPE
SPEC
(k)
IK24C11 ISO IK27C11 ISO VK16PR-Z11 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VK20PR-Z11 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VK22PR-Z11 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VK24PR-Z11 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VK27PR-Z11 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VKJ20RZ-M11 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT SVK20RZ8 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT SVK20RZ11 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VW16R-A13 Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VX20BC Ground Elec. Pt. VX22BC Ground Elec. Pt. IXU22C No U-Groove IU27D IUH24D HALF THREAD IUH27D HALF THREAD VUH24D HALF THREAD,Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VUH27D HALF THREAD,Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT New VUH27ES HALF THREAD,Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT,SUS GASKET VNH24Z HALF THREAD,Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT VNH27Z HALF THREAD,Ground Elec. Pt.&TAPERCUT IUF14-UB
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 16 1.1 0.5 2.0 4.7 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 16 1.1 0.5 2.0 4.7 16 1.1 3.0 5.0 7.7 16 0.8 1.5 3.5 5.7 16 1.1 1.5 3.5 6.0
S S S S S S S S S S S T T S T R R T T T S S S
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
I35 I36 V28 V15 V29 V16 V30 V33
0 42511 05335 9 0 42511 05336 6 0 42511 05628 2 0 42511 05615 2 0 42511 05629 9 0 42511 05616 9 0 42511 05630 5 0 42511 05633 6 -
19 20.6 1.3 2.5 4.0 6.9 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 18 0.9 1.5 2.8 5.0 18 0.9 1.5 2.8 5.0 16 0.8 1.3 2.8 4.9 16 0.9 0.5 1.8 3.8 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 4.0 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 4.0 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 4.0 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 4.0 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 4.0 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 4.0 16 0.9 0.6 2.0 4.0
V34 V14
0 42511 05634 3 0 42511 05614 5 -
I90 I87 I88 V26 V27
0 42511 05390 8 0 42511 05387 8 0 42511 05388 5 0 42511 05626 8 0 42511 05627 5 -
V32 V31 I89
0 42511 05632 9 0 42511 05631 2 0 42511 05389 2
10 12.7 16 0.7 0.6 1.6 3.3
New Anything shown with this is a product that is On Sale in 20042005 Spark gap For example, for a 1.1mm gap, it is set at the range between 1.0 and 1.1mm. Insulator projection This is the distance from the end of the housing to the end of the insulator. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Spark position This is the distance from the end of the housing to the tip of the center electrode. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Ground electrode height This is the distance from the end of the housing to the tip of the ground electrode. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Terminal shape S Solid R Removable RC Crimped T Threaded
64
DENSO Spark Plugs Package Lineup

MARKET TYPE
Japan
Asia/Europe
USA
PLATINUM
IRIDIUM
General
65
What type of spark plug is the ?
This new plug from DENSO uses the worlds smallest center electrode*1, a ultra-fine 0.4mm dia. iridium alloy electrode that provides high performance. In addition, the plug has a platinum on the ground electrode, ensuring the long life of a platinum plug.
Platinum ground electrode
Platinum taken from proven platinum plug technology has been added to the ground electrode. The long life of a platinum plug is assured by greatly reducing electrode wear.
Ultra-fine 0.4mm dia. iridium electrode

Use of a iridium alloy that has a high melting point has enabled miniaturization of the center electrode. Required voltage has been lowered and ignitability improved.
Highly corrosion-resistant bright nickel plating

Bright nickel plating, as used in racing car spark plugs, is used in the housing to give the plug high resistance against corrosion.
360 laser welding

The union of the iridium is made highly reliable by 360 laser welding, preventing failure in even the severe conditions.
Built-in high reliability resistor

The resistor specification is similar to all types. However, a high reliability monolithic resistor is built in. This shuts out noise to all other electrical equipment.
*1: As of Aug. 2005, this excludes flush type electrodes that do not protrude from the insulator.
66
What makes the ignitability of so good?
The quenching effect of the plug is reduced by using the ultra-fine 0.4mm dia. center electrode.
The electrode also has a quenching (cooling) effect (effect where the electrode takes away the heat of the spark as soon as firing occurs). Therefore, in a thick electrode the cooling effect is large and sometimes firing does not occur as shown in Figure 4. The characteristics of this firing is called ignitability. To improve ignitability, the contact area between the electrode and the flame kernel needs to be made reduced in size. Accordingly, the electrode was made as fine as possible in the to improve ignitability.
Pattern from sparking to firing

1 Sparking 2 Generation of flame kernel 3 Growth of flame kernel 4 Firing
Sparks discharge on the part of the electrode where they can discharge most easily.
Electric discharge energy activates part of mixed air and a small flame is produced.
The flame grows even though energy is being absorbed in the ground electrode.
Growth of the flame accelerates and finally, the flame spreads as explosive combustion.
Effect of ultra-fine iridium electrode
Rapid growth of flame kernel

More cooling Flame kernel Flame kernel Less cooling
Cylinder compression ratio

0.4MPa/DIV Average waveform for 256 cycle 0.4
1600cc 4cyl 1200rpm-60KPa
Normal spark plug TDC Normal spark plug 2.5
67
How does the superior ignitability of influence combustion?
The flame is rapidly spread for quick combustion in comparison to a normal spark plug.
By decreasing the cooling effect of the center electrode has on the growth of the flame kernel, forms a stronger flame kernel for ensuring ignition. The result is faster spread of combustion, more stability and improved engine performance in comparison to normal spark plugs. A combustion chamber observation device has been used to show in the photographs below the spread of combustion for and a normal spark plug.
0 Time (mS) 1 2 3 4
Normal spark plug Normal spark plug Normal spark plug
200 Flame area (mm2) 150
Normal spark plug
Little variance Much variance
100 50
2 Time (mS)
4
mS = 1000 sec
1
Clearly the result is a much faster spread of combustion with . With , combustion has spread throughout nearly the entire combustion chamber within 4/1000 seconds of discharge. The normal spark plug has only spread half as much in that time. The regular plug also fails to spread the flame in some occurrences. The same combustion results occur in an actual engine, becoming a good reason to choose the high performance of 0.4mm iridium center electrode plugs.
68
How is the iridium tip of the welded to the electrode?
We use 360 laser welding to ensure a highly reliable joining.

The 0.4mm iridium tip that generates the high performance of the is an alloy with a very high melting point. Therefore, ordinary resistance welding cannot be used because the iridium does not melt enough and an adequate weld strength cannot be guaranteed. 360laser welding, which employs a high-energy laser, is used in the to melt and weld all around welding points. Because all area to be welded is completely melted, the welding point is extremely reliable, thus ensuring stable and quality response without changes in the electrode, even under heavy driving conditions.
360 laser welding
69
What is the difference between and
The , with its 0.4mm iridium center electrode and U-groove + tapered cut ground electrode, is a high performance plug providing ultimate running results. The , with its 0.4mm iridium center electrode and platinum ground electrode, is a high performance plug with an emphasis on longer life.
The ground electrode of the has a tapered cut and a U-shaped groove on its underside, reducing the quenching effect during flame formation and providing exceptional ignitability. The ground electrode of the has a platinum at the discharge point, suppressing electrode wear at discharge and providing the working life of a platinum plug.
U-groove Tapered cut
Platinum
0.4mm iridium
0.4mm iridium
What patented technologies are used with ?

The 0.4mm ultra-fine iridium center electrode used in is original technology from DENSO covered by the following patents.
Material composition of iridium
By adding a small amount of rhodium to the primary iridium material, resistance to oxidation is increased and corrosion in the high temperature combustion environment is suppressed. Japan Patent 2877035, UK Patent 2302367, US Patents 6094000, 6262522, Peoples Republic of China Patent 961022841, Republic of Korea Patent 0292083.
Welding of iridium
360laser welding melts the entire circumference of the part with a high energy laser to maintain a fit state even under harsh running conditions. Japan Patent 2921524, US Patent 6078129.
360 laser welding
Manufacture of iridium
Rather than using the usual sintering method, a melting method enables manufacture in any shape and dimension. Japan Patent 3000955, US Patent 5977695.
70
What type of material is used to produce the electrode employed for ?
A precious metal similar to platinum, iridium, a member of the platinum group with the atomic number 77, is extremely strong and has an unusually high melting point.
Iridium
(Ir)
Platinum
(Pt)
Nickel
(Ni)
Gold
(Au)
Silver
(Ag)
Melting point
()
2454 112 5.3 240
1769 14 10.6 40
1453 68 6.8 160
1063 13 2.3 25
960 13 1.6 26
Strength
(kgf/mm2)
Electrical resistance
( cm)
Hardness
(HV, 20)
Melting The melting point of iridium is approximately 680 higher than point that of platinum and is difficult to melt even in the high temperatures produced by electrical discharges and combustion.
Melting points of various metals

Melting point ()
Element
2500
Strength Iridium has high material strength compared to other materials and provides stable performance under heavier driving conditions.
Iridium
2000
Platinum
Electrical Because the electrical resistance is lower than resistance platinum and the base material of electrodes, nickel, iridium is suitable for use in spark plug electrodes.
1500
Nickel
1000
Hardness Iridium is harder than other materials and has great material strength.
Gold Silver
500
71
Why can iridium now be used in electrodes?
DENSO is now able to use iridium because of our technology in the field of precious metals, for which we are a world-leader and also because of our advanced laser welding technology.
As explained in the answer to , iridium is an extremely hard material. In the past, sintering material was generally cut and this meant high costs and restrictions on processing form and dimensions. Therefore, it could not be used as a material in spark plugs. However, our new precious metals technology has meant that we can now process iridium by drawing it in its melted form. This enables iridium to be processed in all dimensions and forms. Therefore, DENSO has moved quickly to use it as a material for use in spark plug electrodes.
In what other fields is iridium commonly used for?
Because of its high melting point and superb corrosion resistance, iridium is used widely in fields employing state-of-the-art technology such as the aerospace, medical, and motor vehicle industries.
Components in aerospace industry Electrodes for equipment used in clinical medicine such as pacemakers and catheters Metal pots for growing crystals for electronic industries Automobile catalyzers Jewelry
72
Is the tip in the made of pure iridium?
We use a new iridium alloy developed at DENSO.

Iridium is characterized by a higher melting point than either nickel or platinum. Therefore, it wears very well when subject to electrical discharge. However, at high temperatures it oxidizes a little too much and so we are unable to use pure iridium for spark plug electrodes.
Melting point() 3410 2610 2454 1769 1453 1063 960
Element Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Iridium (Ir) Platinum (Pt) Nickel (Nl) Gold (Au) Silver (Ag)
Oxidation resistance Bad Bad Good Better Good Better Better
DENSO studied many additives with a view to improving the corrosion resistance of iridium and has now developed a new iridium alloy (the alloy of iridium and rhodium) highly suitable for use in spark plug electrodes. Patents for this iridium alloy have been secured in Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Peoples Republic of China and Republic of Korea. (Japan Patents 2877035, 3000955, 2921524. UK Patent 2302367. US Patents 6094000, 6262522, 5977695, 6078129. Peoples Republic of China Patent 961022841. Republic of Korea Patent 0292083.) The following photographs compare the durability of the new iridium alloy and pure iridium when used in an engine under the same conditions.
New DENSO iridium alloy Pure iridium
Test engine: 90 cc 4-cycle 1-cylinder
Test conditions: Full X 9000rpm X 30h
Part of the pure iridium material was shed and corroded. The new DENSO iridium alloy showed no corrosion on the electrode and mainfained good condition.
73
Tell me about the ignitability of the .
Use of a ultra-fine 0.4mm dia. iridium center electrode has enabled us to achieve previously unparalleled ignitability in the .
Ordinarily, the leaner the air mix the more difficult the ignition. The greater the ignitability limits, that is the leaner the air mix in which a plug can spark, the better ignitability a plug is said to have.
The following graph shows some examples of ignitability limits for various spark plugs.
Test engine: 1600 cc, 4-valve, 4-cylinder

17
Platinum plug ( 1.1) Normal spark plug ( 2.5)
Good
(Lean)
16 15
Ignitability Limits (Air/Fuel)
14 13 12 11 10 9 0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
Spark plug gap (mm)
With spark gap set to 0.8mm, the air-fuel mixture ignitability limit for is 2.0 points higher than a normal spark plug. This high ignitability improves idling stability and acceleration performance through correct firing even under running conditions that easily cause poor igniting performance at idling or acceleration.
74
Tell me about the required voltage in the .
The ultra-fine 0.4mm center electrode lowers the required voltage by several kV.
Recently, there has been a trend to increase the compression ratio to increase output in engines. This means that the required voltage of spark plugs tends to increase and high compression is required in highly tuned engines. When this occurs, the required voltage increases and, in the worst case, sparking ceases while the engine is running. Minimization of the electrode diameter is an effective way of avoiding this. In the , the center electrode has a diameter of 0.4mm. Because required voltage is kept low, this enables the to be used in high performance engines and for high response driving. The following graph gives examples of required voltage measurements for and normal spark plugs.
25
Normal spark plug ( 2.5)
Required voltage (kV)
20
15
10
Good
When started Idling Fast acceleration Full load driving
for
The required voltage is reduced by 3~5kV as compared to normal spark plugs.
75
What happens at emission when an is used?
Emissions become cleaner because the combustion conditions are made stable.
Installing plugs eliminates misfires and misspark in all running conditions, resulting in greatly improved combustion. This in turn makes emissions much cleaner.
Vehicle: 2000cc 4cyl 4-cycle Operating condition: 11 modes

5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0
Emissions (g/km)
CO
0.40
5.17
11% improvement
5.80
0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50
Emissions (g/km)
HC
0.20 0.22
0.422
13% improvement
0.486
0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30
Emissions (g/km)
NOx
0.221
18% improvement
0.270
76
What happens to fuel consumption when is used?
In many cases, fuel consumption is improved.
When plugs are installed, combustion dramatically improves because misfires and misspark are eliminated for all running conditions. This improves fuel consumption since favorable engine performance is maintained even when minimum required fuel is being used. The following plug performance is an example of improved fuel consumption at fixed 60km/h running.
Vehicle: 2000cc 4cyl 4-cycle
Fuel Consumption (km/l)

15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 16.0
15.760
3.5% improvement over normal spark plugs
Platinum plug ( 1.1)
15.646
15.231
77
Does engine performance improve when is used?
enhances the performance of an engine. Acceleration is improved when compared against normal spark plugs.
The 0.4mm iridium center electrode and the specially shaped ground electrode in an enable a superior ignitability and a lower required voltage than any seen in the past. Accordingly, there is less misfire in areas where required voltage is high, and less misfiring in areas where firing is difficult. No matter how heavy the conditions, high response driving is enabled. As a result, acceleration is better than when normal spark plugs are used. The following graph is an example of an acceleration test.
Vehicle: 2000cc 4cyl 4-cycle Operating condition: Creep (2nd) - Full Open (100km/h) >
0 to 100
12.58 12.66 9.28 9.30 6.32 6.34
Vehicle speed (km/h)
0 to 80
0 to 60
0 to 40
3.32 3.34
0 to 20
1.02 1.06
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time passed (seconds)
There was a difference of 0.08 seconds between and normal spark plugs in the time taken to reach 100km/h.
78
How does the compare to the 0.6mm iridium plugs, platinum plugs and normal spark plugs?
The than
provides better performance 0.6mm iridium plugs, platinum plugs and normal spark plugs.
combines an excellent balance of output, stain resistance, work life, starting power and acceleration.
Output
10 8 6 4
( 0.4) Platinum plug ( 1.1) Normal spark plug ( 2.5)
Acceleration
2
Anti-fouling characteristics
Startability
Life time
DENSO Data Comparison with value of 10.
Performance of other plugs as measured against
79
Can spark plugs of other brand-names be substituted with ?
Our spark plugs are compatible with almost all spark plugs manufactured by other companies.
can replace almost all spark plugs fitted as standard in Japanese and foreign cars. Check for the spark plug you are using in the following table and select the that corresponds to it. are also compatible not only with standard spark plugs but also with high performance and racing spark plugs and can also be used in engines where the required heat range is high, such as in highly tuned engines. If the spark plug you are using is not in this table, select an suit your car from the following table which lists spark plugs by vehicle type.
Comparative spark plug table
DENSO NGK BKR, ZFR, PFR, IRIWAY, PZFR, IFR, IZFR BCPR, ZFRA, IRITOP BPRE, IGR, GR DCPRE, DCPE, IRIMAC, KRAI/BI, PKR/IKRA
to
VK
IK
KPR, KR-U, KJC, KTR, PK, PKJ, SK, SKJ
VQ VW VXU
IQ IW IXU
QPR, QR-U, PQ, QJ WE, P, S XUEP-U, XUEPR-U
VK20Y VKG IKG
K20PR-U, PK20PR-P8 SK22PR-M11S, PK22PR-L11S, SK20PR-L9S, K20PR-U9S
BKR6E, PFR6B IFR7G11KS, PFR7G11S
VKA
SKBGR, PKGR
BKREKUC/D, ZFRD/E/G, BKREP8
VKB VKH VT IKH IT
SKBR KHPR-U, KHR-U, SKHR TEP-U, TEPR-U, PTEPR
IZFRB/C, PZFRB/C ILZFR, ILFR, PLFR, LFR BPREFS, ITR, PTR, TR
For normal engines, select a spark plug with the same heat range as a standard spark plug. For highly tuned engines, select one with the heat range that suits the tuning level.
80
Does the engine need to be specially set when fitting ?
No. The plugs can just replace the ones you take out.
The itself has a low required voltage and high ignitability and is able to draw out the power of an engine. The superb performance of is obtained merely by installing them in your vehicle. And, of course, there is no need for special tuning.
How do I select the correct heat-range when fitting to my vehicle?
In ordinary cars, use a spark plug with the same heat range as a normal spark plug. In highly tuned vehicles, select a heat range to suit the tuning level of the engine.
(Ordinarily, the heat range of a highly tuned engine tends to be colder.)
Refer to the following table to compare the heat range of the and other spark plugs.
DENSO NGK
16 5
20 6
22 7
24 8
27 9
29 9.5 57
31 10 55 2
32 10.5 53
34 11
35 11.5
CHAMPION 12, 11 10, 9 8, 7 BOSCH 8 7, 6 5
6, 4, 59 63, 61 4 3
81
How does the compare to iridium plugs from other makers?
With its 0.4mm dia. iridium center electrode, the worlds smallest, offers better acceleration and starting than any plugs. The addition of the platinum on the ground electrode results in high performance and long life not seen in the product lines.
Manufacturer
Center electrode Spark plug diameter (mm)

High performance + Long life
Center electrode material

Iridium alloy (Rhodium added)
Ground electrode specifications

Platinum attached No tapered cut Tapered cut U-groove
0.4
DENSO
(00.6
~)
Ultra-high performance
0.4
(98.5
Iridium alloy (Rhodium added) Iridium sintering material (Yttria added) Iridium sintering material (Yttria added)
~)
High performance
Iriseries
(97.4
0.6
~)
Tapered cut
High performance
NGK
Iridium IX
(00.4
0.6
~)
Tapered cut
Iridium MAX
0.6
Iridium sintering Platinum material attached (Yttria added) No tapered cut

DENSO research July 2003
82
Can be used to replace plugs with 2, 3 or 4 ground electrodes?
of
Yes. The reason is that the 0.4mm center electrode lowers the required voltage compared to 2, 3 and 4 electrode plugs and provides superior ignitability.
<Required voltage>
Required voltage decreases as the electrode gets thinner because the electric field strength affecting required voltage becomes stronger. As shown in the following diagram modeling each electrode shape, requires less voltage than the 2 electrode plug.
2 electrode plug Normal spark plug
Plug
Ground electrode Center electrode
Electrode model Required voltage
Plate and Needle
Needle and Arc
Plate and Plate
Lower
Higher
< Ignitability>
Cooling effect from the electrode decreases and ignitability increases to the extent that the contact area between the flame kernel and electrodes is smaller. Due to its 0.4mm center electrode, has less contact area between the flame kernel and electrodes and better ignitability than 2 electrode plugs.
2 electrode plug
More cooling Less cooling
83
Is there anything I need to be aware of when fitting ?
As with normal spark plugs, install using the correct procedure and appropriate torque.
Recommended Torque and Tightening Angle for DENSO plugs.
1 Use the correct wrench for the hex on the plug, and be careful not to damage the insulator. 2 When changing, make sure that the oil, etc. on the outside of the plug does not enter the engine interior. 3 When putting the plugs in, clean the engine side of the flange, and put in the plugs after making sure the gasket is in the flange. 4 Make sure the plugs are vertical, 5 Then, use a plug wrench to tighten them accurately to the and tighten them by hand until torque or rotation angle showed in the chart below. they cannot be tightened any further.
If a thread lubricant such as grease is coated on the thread, tightening to the recommended torque is tightening too much; this has been linked to seal leakage. Do not use a thread lubricant. Tightening more than the tightening angles and torques shown on the right could result in damage to the engine and furthermore could result in the plug coming off at the thread.
1 IUH27ES, U24FER9S
Thread Size
Applicable Models
Recommended Torque
Recommended Tightening Angle New Plug Previously Used
M8 M10 M10 M10 M12 M14 M14 M18
All Types
8-10Nm 10-15Nm 10-15Nm 10-15Nm 15-20Nm 20-30Nm 20-30Nm 30-40Nm 20-30Nm
About 1 turn About 1/3 turn About 2/3 turn About 3/4 turn About 1/3 turn About 1/2 turn About 2/3 turn About 1/4 turn About 1/16 turn
About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/12 turn About 1/16 turn
Types other than the ones shown below

UFE, IUH, VUH, VNH Types Stainless Gasket Type 1 All Types Types other than the ones shown below Stainless Gasket Type 2 All Types
M14 Taper seat All Types

SKJ20DR-M11S, KJ20DR-M11S, K20PR-L11S
2 PK22PR-L11S, SK22PR-M11S, IK16G, IK20G, IK22G, VK16G, VK20G, VK22G, K20PR-U9S, SK20PR-L9S
84
Can the
gap be adjusted? Can I use any spark plug cleaners with the ?
Do not adjust the spark plug gap. Use of a spark plug cleaner for short periods is acceptable if low pressure is used.
use a ultra-fine 0.4mm iridium center electrode and the spark gap is already set at the optimum distance. If the electrode is damaged by gap adjustment or cleaning, the spark plugs will not perform to their best.
85
What plugs are in the lineup?
VQ series
VQ16 VQ20 VQ22
VK series
VK16 VK20 VK22 VK16G VK20G VK22G VK20Y
Used primarily for cars JIS type small plug Installation screw 14 X L19 0.8mm gap VQ22 can be used for tune-ups
Used primarily for cars ISO type small plug Installation screw 14 X L19 Stainless gasket (VK16GVK22G)
VKA series
VKA16 VKA20
VKB series
VKB16 VKB20
Compatible with SK16/20BGR11/PK20GR8 Shroud type 22mm thread length For Toyota D4 For Mitsubishi GDI
Compatible with SK16/20BR11 19mm thread length For Toyota D4 For Mitsubishi GDI
VKH series
VKH16 VKH20 VKH22 VKH20Y
VW series
VW16 VW20 VW22
Subaru, Peugeot, Citron, Nissan, Renault, Mitsubishi, Mercedes Benz,

Toyota, Isuzu, etc.
Thread length is 26.5mm.
Used primarily for cars Installation screw 14 X L19 Mark II, Sunny, Familia, BMW, Audi, etc.
VT series
VT16 VT20
VXU series
VXU22 VXU24
Mercedes Benz, Mazda, Ford, etc.
Used for small cars Installation screw 12 X L19 full projection (1.5mm) Insulator wider heat value range and provides
improves ignitability
Wagon R, Mira, Preo, Minica, Laputa, etc.
86
S P E C I F I C AT I O N S
RESISTOR
No.
ONE PC BOX
BARCODE DENSO P/N
267700-0740 267700-0750 267700-0760 267700-0710 267700-0720 267700-0730 267700-5610 267700-5620 267700-5670 267700-3720 267700-5030 267700-5040 267700-5050 267700-5060 267700-3680 267700-3690 267700-2680 267700-4540 267700-0770 267700-0780 267700-0790 267700-2810 267700-4480 267700-0800 267700-0810 0 42511 02636 0 0 42511 02620 9 0 42511 02622 3 0 42511 02623 0 0 42511 02624 7 0 42511 02625 4 0 42511 02617 9 0 42511 02618 6 0 42511 02619 3 0 42511 02639 1 0 42511 02605 6 0 42511 02606 3 0 42511 02607 0 0 42511 02621 6 0 42511 02638 4 0 42511 02608 7 0 42511 02609 4
2pcs BLISTER PACK

BARCODE
0 42511 02601 8 0 42511 02602 5 0 42511 02613 1 0 42511 02603 2 0 42511 02604 9 0 42511 02610 0
TYPE VQ16 VQ20 VQ22 VK16 VK20 VK22 new VK16G new VK20G new VK22G VK20Y VKA16 VKA20 VKB16 VKB20 VKH16 VKH20 VKH22 VKH20Y VW16 VW20 VW22 VT16 VT20 VXU22 VXU24
SPEC
DENSO P/N
100676-3740 100676-3750 100676-3760 100676-3710 100676-3720 100676-3730
(k)
JIS JIS JIS ISO ISO ISO ISO,SUS GASKET ISO,SUS GASKET ISO,SUS GASKET ISO NEW 3 ELECTRODE SHROUD NEW 3 ELECTRODE SHROUD NEW 3 ELECTRODE NEW 3 ELECTRODE Long Reach Long Reach Long Reach Long Reach
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 22 22 19 19
16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.4 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 RC 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.4 RC 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.4 S S S
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
V01 V02 V13 V03 V04 V10 V40 V41 V36 V20 V22 V23 V24 V25 V17 V18 V19 V39 V05 V06 V07 V21 V38 V08 V09
0 42511 05601 5 0 42511 05602 2 0 42511 05613 8 0 42511 05603 9 0 42511 05604 6 0 42511 05610 7 0 42511 05640 4 0 42511 05641 1 0 42511 05636 7 0 42511 05620 6 0 42511 05622 0 0 42511 05623 7 0 42511 05624 4 0 42511 05625 1 0 42511 05617 6 0 42511 05618 3 0 42511 05619 0 0 42511 05639 8 0 42511 05605 3 0 42511 05606 0 0 42511 05607 7 0 42511 05621 3 0 42511 05638 1 0 42511 05608 4 0 42511 05609 1
100676-5340 100676-3950 100676-5360 100676-5370 100676-5380 100676-5390 100676-5250 100676-5150 100676-5270 100676-5260 100676-3770 100676-3780 100676-3790 100676-5280 100676-5290 100676-3800 100676-3810
16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.4 RC 16 1.1 2.5 4.0 6.5 RC 16 1.1 2.5 4.0 6.5 RC 16 1.1 2.5 4.0 6.5 RC 16 1.1 2.5 4.0 6.5 RC
14 26.5 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 RC 14 26.5 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.7 RC 14 26.5 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.4 RC 14 26.5 16 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.4 RC 14 14 14 19 20.6 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 19 20.6 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 19 20.6 0.8 1.5 3.0 5.2 RC
14 17.5 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 14 17.5 16 1.1 1.5 3.0 5.5 RC 12 12 19 19 16 0.9 1.3 2.8 5.0 RC 16 0.9 1.3 2.8 5.0 RC
New
Anything shown with this is a product that is On Sale in 20042005 Spark gap For example, for a 1.1mm gap, it is set at the range between 1.0 and 1.1mm. Insulator projection This is the distance from the end of the housing to the end of the insulator. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Spark position This is the distance from the end of the housing to the tip of the center electrode. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Ground electrode height This is the distance from the end of the housing to the tip of the ground electrode. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Terminal shape S Solid R Removable RC Crimped T Threaded
Realizing High Performance and Superior Durability with the 25 Top Types *1!!
Type Size Screw Diameter Thread Reach Hex Size GAP mm Heat Range 16 20 22 24 Applicable Vehicles (*2)
VQ VK (ISO) VK-G (ISO) VK-Y (ISO) VKA VKB VKH VKH-Y VW VT VXU VK20T VW20T
87
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 12 14 14
19 19 19 19 22 19 26.5 26.5 19 17.5 (taper seat) 19 19 19
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 20.6 16 16 16 20.6
0.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8
Cedric, Bluebird, Saab, Mercedes Benz, and others Camry, Vitz, Wingroad, Inspire, Capella, and others Honda Subaru Turbo, and others Toyota D4 Engine, Mitsubishi GDI, and others Subaru, Peugeot, Citroen, Nissan, Renault, Mitsubishi, Mercedes Benz, Toyota, and Isuzu Subaru Turbo, and others Mark II, Sunny, Familia,BMW Audi, and others Mercedes Benz, Mazda, Ford
Wagon R, Mira, Pleo, Minica, and Laputa For Taxi (Iridium Plus)
*1 25 types of Iridium Tough and 2 types of Iridium Plus
*2 Always confirm your selection using the Model Quick Chart
Next Generation High Performance Plugs for Taxi

Improved Mileage
Less fuel consumption with a 0.4mm diameter center electrode.
Even during idling, when it is easy for ignition to degrade, Iridium Plus reduces mis-sparking and stabilizes idling speed. This results in a quieter engine and improved fuel consumption.
Fuel Consumption Comparison
.
Platinum Plug
(1.1mm Diameter)
. .
*Vehicle: 2000cc, 6 cyl., 4-cycle Driving conditions: 60km/h on flat ground
Normal Plug
(2.5mm Diameter)
Econo mical
015.215.415.615.8 Mileage(km/L)
*The data shown is from internal studies. Also, the "Regular Plug" referred to here is a DENSO product.
Improved Acceleration
Through steady ignitability, acceleration performance is greatly improved.
Iridium Plus, through its 0.4mm diameter iridium center electrode, has realized high ignition performance and low spark voltage at levels heretofore unseen. Because of this, there is less non-firing under high spark voltage conditions and fewer misfires under conditions where ignition is difficult, permitting operation with a high level of response under a variety of conditions. As a result, acceleration has been improved.
Acceleration comparison
150 Speed (km/h) Recommended time before replacement (X10,000km)
100 0.23 sec. difference 50 0.70 sec. difference Platinum Plug Regular Plug T ime
*Vehicle: 250cc (2 cycle water cooled, V2 cylinders) Conditions: Locked in 6th gear, starting at 50km/h on an automatic test device and accelerating at full throttle. *The data shown is from internal studies. Also, the "Regular Plug" and "Platinum Plug" referred to here are DENSO products.
Excellent Durability
Realizing astounding life and durability with platinum ground electrodes.
By welding a platinum tip to the ground electrode, wear has been controlled to a significant extent in the Iridium Plus. In addition to acceleration performance, the life and durability of this plug has been increased to that of a platinum plug.
Durability Comparison
10
*From taxi monitoring test results. Exhaust volume was for the most part 2000cc. *Durability will differ depending on the driving conditions. *The service lifetime of Iridium Plus will depend on operating conditions and the vehicle it is installed on. (Service lifetime may become shorter depending on the vehicles ignition system.) *Recommended time before replacement is not something that must be followed to guarantee quality.
10
10
World's Smallest Diameter
This product, the first in the world, uses an ultra-thin 0.4mm iridium alloy center electrode.
A larger center electrode means a greater cooling effect and poorer ignitability. On the other hand, the 0.4mm diameter iridium center electrodes have an extremely small cooling effect, reducing non-firing and realizing assured ignitability, the basic function of a spark plug.
2
0 Platinum Plug Regular Plug
Platinum Tipped Ground Electrode 0.4mm Diameter Ultra-Fine Iridium Alloy Center Electrode
0.4mm IRIDIUM
*The data shown is from internal studies. Also, the "Regular Plug" and "Platinum Plug" referred to here are DENSO products.
Designated part numbers and the associated vehicle models

Make Vehicle CC Engine From Till OEM Plug Genuine Part No.
90919-01180 90919-01147 90919-01180 90919-01147
2.5mm Diameter Center Electrode
QTY
Toyota Crown/ Majesta Toyota Crown/ Majesta Toyota Crown Comfort
2000 1G-GP LPG 2000 3Y-PE LPG
91.10 01.2 89.8
VK20T VW20T VK20T VW20T VW20T VW20T VK20T VW20T VW20T VK20T VW20T VW20T VW20T VW20T VK20T VW20T
6 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 4 8 4 4 4 6
2000 1G-GPE LPG 95.12 2000 3Y-PE LPG 1800 2Y-PU LPG 2000 3Y-PE LPG 95.12
Iridium Plus (Model: VK20T)
Normal Plug (Model: K16R-U11)
Toyota Crown Comfort Toyota Corona Toyota Comfort Toyota Probox Mark II; Chaser; Toyota Cresta Nissan Crew Nissan Cedric; Gloria Nissan Cedric; Gloria Nissan Bluebird Mazda Custom Cab Mazda Luce; Cosmo Galant Sigma; Mitsubishi Eterna Sigma Mitsubishi Debonair
Also, because taxis use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel, a large electrode increases the required voltage, and because this places a larger load on high tension cords and coils, it affects the life of the vehicle. With its ultra-thin 0.4mm center electrode that keeps the required voltage low, it can be said that the Iridium Plus, is a car-friendly spark plug.
82.10 01.11 90919-01143 95.12 90919-01147 90919-01190 95.12 90919-01143 01.8 96.1 96.1 FE82 18 110 FE82 18 110 MS851738 MS851473
1500 1NZ-FNE CNG 03.4 2000 3Y-P/-PU LPG 86.8 2000 NA20P LPG 2000 RB20P LPG 2000 NA20P LPG 1800 Z18P LPG 2000 FE LPG 2000 FE LPG 1800 4G93 LPG 3000 6G72 LPG 93.7 89.6 91.6 79.2 89.6 86.9 96.1 92.10
Platinum Tip
Using a platinum-tipped ground electrode to realize high-performance operation and long life.
A platinum tip was used, which has a long history of use in platinum plugs. By significantly controlling electrode wear, we've achieved a level of durability equal to that of platinum plugs.
High Strength Insulator
Using a high-strength insulator specially designed for taxis.
By using a high-strength ceramic insulator for LPG engines, a 20% increase in strength was achieved over conventional insulators.
The above are excerpted from the catalog. Please refer to Master Catalog for details.
88
Unbeatable spark technology fine-tuned for racing
ircuit is On the ct makes where i erence the diff
World's smallest 0.4mm-diameter center electrode

As of May 2004
The power of the 0.4mm-diameter center electrode harnessed for racing
Yoichi Ui
Denso Sard Supra GT
Reliability and Durability Borne Out by Race Results and Trusted by Riders like Azuma, Ui, and Matsudo
It's the age of iridium electrodes. Discover more acceleration with 0.4mm DENSO Racing Plugs. DENSO would like you to try the 0.4mm experience a ride like never before. advantage. Use and
55 Types in All Some Plugs

in Stores 2004
Improved Acceleration
Unbeatable acceleration performance on the circuit.
Improved Output
More power with an ideal combustion cycle.
With an ultra-fine, 0.4mm diameter center electrode, Iridium Racing plugs are the realization of superb ignition performance and spark voltage at unparalleled levels. Misfires have been controlled and will allow you to have steadily high levels of response and increased acceleration.
150
Through superb ignition performance and spark voltage, non-firing and misfires under a variety of conditions has been greatly reduced. As a result, combustion conditions have improved dramatically, increasing engine output.
35 Horsepower (PS)
Time to reach 100km/h s Plug

13.9 14.0
[at Outputps 120km/h]
30 25 20 15 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Speed (km/h) Regular Racing Plug (0.8mm electrode)
Plug
33
34
1.3% More!
Vehicle: 250cc (2-cycle water cooled, 2 cylinder)Conditions: R/L 50km/h, then accelerating for 27 seconds at full throttle (locked in 6th gear)
Speed (km/h)
100 Regular Racing Plug (0.8mm electrode)

Regular race plug (0.8mm electrode)
13.950 13.985
33.92
Regular Racing Plug (0.8mm electrode)
50
33.49
05 1015 20 25 30 *The data shown is from internal studies. Also, the "Regular Racing Plug" referred to here is a DENSO product. Time (s)
*The data shown is from internal studies. Also, the "Regular Racing Plug" referred to here is a DENSO product.
Vehicle: 250cc (2 cycle water cooled, 2 cylinder)Conditions: WOT 60 to 120km/h (locked in 4th gear)
89
0.4mm Dia. Iridium, only at DENSO!

Specification Includes Terminal
Included with the plug comes with a terminal nut compatible to the Nology HotWire and most plug cords around the world. Please remove for vehicle types that do not require terminals. (There are also types with fixed terminals. Refer to the Cross Reference Chart on P22. ) (IRE01/ IW01 specify crimping, while IWM01/ IK01/ IK02/ IQ01/ IQ02/ IA01/ IAE01 are solid terminals.)
0.8mm All-Platinum Ground Electrode

Compared to the nickel alloy used in conventional spark plugs, the high melting point of platinum will reduce such problems as ground electrode melting and wear. Also, the 0.8mm platinum alloy is welded on and gapped without any bending, reducing residual stress and increasing durability. <IAE01 has a 1.0mm square tip>
Spark Cleaning Pocket

Between the center electrode and the insulator, a small pocket has been opened around the tip clearance. When there is carbon fouling or deposition, this part will discharge and burn off the carbon, restoring electrical resistance. This technology is patented by DENSO (Japan Patent No. 2727558)
Housing End Face Chamfer

To improve the tolerance to abnormal combustion conditions, the housing end face chamfer has been enlarged. Be covered for slight inaccuracies in tuning. Also, because the exhaust of residual gas and the flow of new gas have been facilitated, its self-cleaning performance has been improved, making this a carbon fouling resistant design.
Contains a Highly Reliable Resister

5k
All plugs specify a resistor, and contain a highly reliable monolithic-type resistor that blocks noise that may affect electronic devices. (IW06 has no resistor.)
Silicone Oil Coating

During the start of the race, non-starting from carbon fouling and carbon deposits can be fatal. To stop this, the insulator has been coated with a silicone coating. Using the water repellency of silicone, the insulator surface is isolated from moisture and carbon, preventing a decrease in resistance.
Bright Nickel
Highly Corrosion Resistant, Bright Nickel Plating

Using a bright nickel plating on the housing, a high level of corrosion resistance has been realized. Also, because the amount on the threads is low, the damage to the female thread in the cylinder is reduced.
Insulators for Racing

Using a new, stronger insulator developed repeating numerous race trials, strength has been increased by about 20%.
0.4mm Dia. Ultra-Fine Iridium Center Electrode

0.4mm IRIDIUM
The center electrode tip is able to be made fine using a new iridium alloy with a high melting point. The required voltage is reduced, and ignitability is improved greatly. This new iridium alloy's material composition, manufacturing method *1, and welding method *2 have been patented.
*1 The addition of rhodium to improve high temperature oxidation resistance: Japan Patent 2877035, UK Patent 2302367, People's Republic of China Patent 961022841, Republic of Korea Patent 0292083, U.S.A. Patent 6094000/6262522 *2 Using a melting method instead of the conventional sintering method. Japan Patent 3000955, U.S.A. Patent 5977695
360 Laser Welding

The process used to join the iridium tip is a highly reliable "360 Laser Welding *1" process that is able to withstand various kinds of driving conditions. *1 This "360 Laser Welding" method has been patented in the U.S.A. and Japan (Japan Patent No.: 2921524, U.S.A. Patent No.: 6078129)
360 Laser Welding
How To Choose a Racing Plug

Warning: On choosing the right racing plug
Overall Shape
1 2
Generally, electrodes that project into the combustion chamber have better ignitability and have better performance. However, because of more exposure to high temperature combustion gases and because ground electrode becomes longer, heat resistance and durability decrease. The higher the level of tuning, the greater the need is to use a less projecting type. As the level of tuning is increased, so does the need for a higher heat range.
8
27.6 mm
9
27.6 mm
10
11
12
50 mm
51 mm
66 mm
56 mm
47.3 mm
50.5 mm
53 mm 22 mm 19 mm
50.5 mm
62 mm
62 mm
For Detonation Counters
26.5 mm
ale On S mer Sum04 20
ale On S mer Sum04 20
Electrode Shape A
TYPE
(HEAT RANGE)
TYPE
U-E U-E(SURFACE) XU-E ROTARY ENGINE W-E W-E(NON=RESISTOR) W-EM ISO(SLANT ELECT.) ISO(STRAIGHT ELECT.) SLANT ELECT. STRAIGHT ELECT.
FOR DETONATION COUNTER
FIGURE CROSS REFERENCE ELECTRODE

1 A 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 6 B 7 A 7 B 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 A R0373A, R0379A, R016 R0045J, R0045Q R216, R2525 R6725 R6385P, R7376, R6918B B-EGP, R4630A R5184, R6179AP R7116, R7117 R7279, R7118, R7119 R7236, R7237 R7238, R7239 R7282A, R6120A R7282, R6120 R7438 R7440A-L
Identifying
(Stamped into the Center of the Housing)
Variety
I Iridium
R Surface Gap
Thread Intermediate Number Size (Overall Size) 10mm U 12mm XU 14mm RE 14mm RL 14mm RT 14mm W 14mm WM 14mm K 14mm Q 14mm A 14mm AE 14mm KH
Intermediate Number
(Electrode Shape)
Heat Range
24 27 29 31 32 34 35
1 Oblique ground
electrode or surface gap plug
2 ground electrode Flat 3 Oblique ground

electrode and resistor-less plug
(Exception) IRE01 has a flat ground electrode.
R7440B-T RU01- are surface gap plugs, not ones with iridium center electrode and all-platinum ground electrodes.
IU01- RU01- IXU01- IRE01- IW01- IW06- IWM01- IK01- IK02- IQ01- IQ02- IA01- IAE01- IKH01- IRL01- IRT01-
FOR W/OUT DETONATION COUNTER K-LONG REACH ROTARY ENGINE RX8 ROTARY ENGINE RX8
Iridium Racing is ideal for racing and tuned-up engines; please choose one based on the heat range of the standard plug or Iridium Power plugs used currently that is suited to your level of tuning.
90
DIA.
REACH
HEX
GAP
PROJECTION
Spark position
Ground electrode height
Terminal shape
RESISTOR
No.
ONE PC BOX
BARCODE DENSO P/N
267700-1310 267700-1320 267700-1330 267700-1340 267700-1360 267700-1370 267700-1380 267700-4450 267700-4460 267700-4470 267700-1410 267700-1420 267700-1430 267700-1440 267700-1460 267700-1470 267700-1480 267700-1110 267700-1120 267700-1130 267700-1140 267700-1150 267700-1160 067600-1810 067600-1820 067600-1830 267700-1520 267700-1530 267700-1540 267700-1550 267700-1560 267700-4820 267700-4830 267700-4840 267700-4850 267700-1260 267700-1270 267700-1280 267700-2940 267700-2950 267700-1210 267700-1220 267700-1230 267700-1240 267700-1060 267700-1070 267700-1080 267700-1090 267700-1010 267700-1020 267700-1030 267700-1040 267700-1570 267700-1580 267700-1590
TYPE
SPEC
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(k)
IK01-24 ISO(SLANT ELEC.) 14 19 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IK01-27 ISO(SLANT ELEC.) 14 19 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IK01-31 ISO(SLANT ELEC.) 14 19 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IK01-34 ISO(SLANT ELEC.) 14 19 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IK02-24 ISO(STRAIGHT ELEC.) 14 19 16 0.7 -2.3 -0.8 0.7 IK02-27 ISO(STRAIGHT ELEC.) 14 19 16 0.7 -2.3 -0.8 0.7 IK02-31 ISO(STRAIGHT ELEC.) 14 19 16 0.7 -2.3 -0.8 0.7 IKH01-24 LONG REACH 14 26.5 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IKH01-27 LONG REACH 14 26.5 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IKH01-31 LONG REACH 14 26.5 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IQ01-24 SLANT ELEC. 14 19 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IQ01-27 SLANT ELEC. 14 19 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IQ01-31 SLANT ELEC. 14 19 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IQ01-34 SLANT ELEC. 14 19 16 0.7 -1.0 0.5 2.0 IQ02-24 STRAIGHT ELEC. 14 19 16 0.7 -2.3 -0.8 0.7 IQ02-27 STRAIGHT ELEC. 14 19 16 0.7 -2.3 -0.8 0.7 IQ02-31 STRAIGHT ELEC. 14 19 16 0.7 -2.3 -0.8 0.7 IW01-24 W-E 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IW01-27 W-E 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IW01-29 W-E 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IW01-31 W-E 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IW01-32 W-E 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IW01-34 W-E 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IW06-27 W-E NON RESISTOR 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IW06-31 W-E NON RESISTOR 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IW06-34 W-E NON RESISTOR 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IRE01-27 ROTARY ENGINE 14 21.5 20.6 0.7 -2.2 -0.7 0.8 IRE01-31 ROTARY ENGINE 14 21.5 20.6 0.7 -2.2 -0.7 0.8 IRE01-32 ROTARY ENGINE 14 21.5 20.6 0.7 -2.2 -0.7 0.8 IRE01-34 ROTARY ENGINE 14 21.5 20.6 0.7 -2.2 -0.7 0.8 IRE01-35 ROTARY ENGINE 14 21.5 20.6 0.7 -2.2 -0.7 0.8 New IRL01-27 ROTARY RX8(LEADING) 14 21 20.6 1.1 -2.5 -0.5 1.6 New IRL01-31 ROTARY RX8(LEADING) 14 21 20.6 1.1 -2.5 -0.5 1.6 New IRT01-31 ROTARY RX8(TRAILING) 14 19 20.6 1.1 -2.5 -0.5 1.6 New IRT01-34 ROTARY RX8(TRAILING) 14 19 20.6 1.1 -2.5 -0.5 1.6 IA01-31 WITH DETONATION COUNTER 14 22 16 0.6 -1.0 0.5 1.9 IA01-32 WITH DETONATION COUNTER 14 22 16 0.6 -1.0 0.5 1.9 IA01-34 WITH DETONATION COUNTER 14 22 16 0.6 -1.0 0.5 1.9 IAE01-32 W/OUT DETONATION COUNTER 14 19 16 0.6 -1.3 0.5 2.1 IAE01-34 W/OUT DETONATION COUNTER 14 19 16 0.6 -1.3 0.5 2.1 IWM01-29 W-EM 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IWM01-31 W-EM 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IWM01-32 W-EM 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IWM01-34 W-EM 14 19 20.6 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.6 IXU01-24 XU-E 12 19 16 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.4 IXU01-27 XU-E 12 19 16 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.4 IXU01-31 XU-E 12 19 16 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.4 IXU01-34 XU-E 12 19 16 0.6 -1.5 0.0 1.4 IU01-24 U-E 10 19 16 0.6 -1.8 -0.3 1.2 IU01-27 U-E 10 19 16 0.6 -1.8 -0.3 1.2 IU01-31 U-E 10 19 16 0.6 -1.8 -0.3 1.2 IU01-34 U-E 10 19 16 0.6 -1.8 -0.3 1.2 *RU01-27 U-E(SURFACE) 10 19 16 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 *RU01-31 U-E(SURFACE) 10 19 16 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 *RU01-34 U-E(SURFACE) 10 19 16 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 New Anything shown with this is a product that is On Sale in 20042005
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S RC RC RC RC RC RC S S S RC RC RC RC RC S S S S S S S S S S S S S R R R R R R R R R R R
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
R01 R02 R03 R42 R04 R05 R06 R49 R50 R51 R07 R08 R09 R43 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R44 R45 R46 R19 R20 R21 R22 R41 R54 R55 R52 R53 R23 R24 R25 R47 R48 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40
0 42511 05701 2 0 42511 05702 9 0 42511 05703 6 0 42511 05742 5 0 42511 05704 3 0 42511 05705 0 0 42511 05706 7 0 42511 05749 4 0 42511 05750 0 0 42511 05751 7 0 42511 05707 4 0 42511 05708 1 0 42511 05709 8 0 42511 05743 2 0 42511 05710 4 0 42511 05711 1 0 42511 05712 8 0 42511 05713 5 0 42511 05714 2 0 42511 05715 9 0 42511 05716 6 0 42511 05717 3 0 42511 05718 0 0 42511 05744 9 0 42511 05745 6 0 42511 05746 3 0 42511 05719 7 0 42511 05720 3 0 42511 05721 0 0 42511 05722 7 0 42511 05741 8 0 42511 05754 8 0 42511 05755 5 0 42511 05752 4 0 42511 05753 1 0 42511 05723 4 0 42511 05724 1 0 42511 05725 8 0 42511 05747 0 0 42511 05748 7 0 42511 05726 5 0 42511 05727 2 0 42511 05728 9 0 42511 05729 6 0 42511 05730 2 0 42511 05731 9 0 42511 05732 6 0 42511 05733 3 0 42511 05734 0 0 42511 05735 7 0 42511 05736 4 0 42511 05737 1 0 42511 05738 8 0 42511 05739 5 0 42511 05740 1
*These plugs do not have iridium electrodes. Spark gap For example, for a 1.1mm gap, it is set at the range between 1.0 and 1.1mm. Insulator projection This is the distance from the end of the housing to the end of the insulator. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Spark position This is the distance from the end of the housing to the tip of the center electrode. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Ground electrode height This is the distance from the end of the housing to the tip of the ground electrode. The + direction is the direction of the piston. Terminal shape S Solid R Removable RC Crimped T Threaded
91
NGK
DIA. REACH HEX
(mm) (mm) (mm)
RESISTOR
FIGURE
TYPE
FIGURE
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 22 22 22 22 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 26.5 26.5 12.7 12.7 21.5 21.5 21.5 21 19 19 19 21 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 12.7 19
20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 18 18 18 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 12.7
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R
R R
R R R
BP-E B-E B-E B-E B-E B-E B-E B-E B-E B-E B-E B-E SEMISURFACE B-E SEMISURFACE B-E COMPACT B-E COMPACT B-E COMPACT B-E COMPACT B-E COMPACT B-E COMPACT B-E BC-E COMPACT BC-E COMPACT BC-E COMPACT BC-E COMPACT BC-E COMPACT BC-E COMPACT BC-E COMPACT BC-E COMPACT BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E ISO BK-E SEMISURFACE BK-E SEMISURFACE BCP-E BCP-E BCP-E BC-E BC-E BC-E BC-E BC-E BC-E BC-E BC-E SEMISURFACE BC-E SEMISURFACE LFR LFR B-H B-H ROTARY ROTARY ROTARY,SURFACE ROTARY RX-8(L) ROTARY RX-8(T) D-E D-E D-Z DC-E SEMISURFACE DC-E DC-E SEMISURFACE C-E C-E C-E C-E SEMISURFACE C-E SEMISURFACE C-E SEMISURFACE C-EH HALF THREAD C-H E-EH SEMISURFACE
R4304A- BEGP BEGV R4118S- R4630A- R6252K- R6918B- R6918C- R6021E- R6385-P R7376(Ir) R5649- R6712- R5184- R5300A- R5300N- R5540F- R6179A-P R6179C-PA R7376B(Ir) R6120A- R7282A- Ir) R6120- R6120C- R6120M- R7282-(Ir) R7282C-(Ir) R7282M-(Ir) R6888A- R7112- R7113- R7433-(ir) R7114- R7115- R7116- R7117- R7118- R7119- R7434-(Ir) R7279-(Ir) R6601- R6711- R7435-(Ir) R7232- R7233- R7234- R7235- R7236- R7237- R7238- R7239- R7436-(Ir) R5883- R6690- R7437-(Ir) R7438-(Ir) R5525- R5530- R6725- R7420-(Ir) T813J-N13 R7440A-L(Ir) R7440B-T(Ir) R216- R217- R2188- R2349- R2525- R2430- R016- R017- R0373A-(Ir) R0045G- R0045J- R0045Q- R0379A-10(Ir) R0161- R847-
IW IW01/IW06- Note1 IW IW IW01/IW06- Note1 IW01/IW06- Note1 IW01/IW06- Note1 IW01/IW06- Note1 IW IW01/IW06- Note1 IW01/IW06- Note1
4 D 4 A 4 D 4 D 4 A 4 A 4 A 4 A 4 D 4 A 4 A
50 mm
51 mm
66 mm
IWM01-
5 A
4
IWM01- 5 A
IA01- IA01- IAE01- IAE01- Note2 IAE01- Note2 IAE01- IAE01- Note2 IAE01- Note2 IK IK IK IK IK IK IK01- IK01- IK02- IK02- IK01- IK02-
8 A 8 A 9 A 9 A 9 A 9 A 9 A 9 A 6 D 6 D 6 D 6 D 6 D 6 D 6 A 6 A 6 B 6 B 6 A 6 B
56 mm
47.3 mm
50.5 mm
8
27.6 mm 53 mm 22 mm
9
27.6 mm
19 mm
For Detonation Counters
IQ IQ IQ IQ IQ IQ01- IQ01- IQ02- IQ02- IQ01-
7 D 7 D 7 D 7 D 7 D 7 A 7 A 7 B 7 B 7 A
10
11
12
50.5 mm
62 mm
62 mm
IKH IKH01- IWF IRE01- IRE01- IRL01- IRT01- IXU01- Note3 IXU01- Note3
10 D 10 A D 3 B 3 B 11 A 12 A 2 A 2 D 2 A ,
26.5 mm 21 mm
19 mm
IX Note3
A
IXU01- Note3 IU01- IUA IU01- RU01- RU01- IU01- IUF(A) IY 2 A 1 A 1 E 1 A 1 C 1 C 1 A D E , D
(Note 1) IW06 is a non resistor type (Note 2) Remove the gasket with nippers before use (Note 3) IXB and IX is different from IXU01- only in the hex size (18mm or 16mm), and are otherwise interchangeable in terms of installation. show the heat range.
92
Will output and torque increase if I use Iridium Power plugs?

These are chassis dynamo test results comparing a Vitz 1300 using Iridium Power plugs and another which uses regular plugs are shown below. With the normal plugs, the output is 98.2PS, while torque is 14.8 kgf; when this was changed to the Iridium Power plugs, the output was 99.3PS, while torque was 15.2 kgf. (This is approximately a 1.5% improvement in output.)
Internal data
COg/km 2
69.5 70 70.5 71 71.5 72
Internal Data
72.5
72
Test 1 Test 2 Fuel Consumption (km/L)

18.9 19 19.1
70.9184 72.1660 70.9778
72.7682
Internal Data
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5 19.4606
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Horsepower (Ir) Power (Regular) Horsepower (Ir) Power (Regular)
30 25 20 18 10 5
Test 1
(kgm)
19.0967
45
90
135
0 180 km/h
I have a 4AG engine NA tuned, with a Solex 44 dia. carburetor installed, giving a 200PS output. Which plug is good for a car such as this?
DENSO has Iridium Power and Iridium Racing to meet the
Will my exhaust emissions be cleaner if I put on Iridium Power plugs?
needs of tuned and racing engines. For the engine described in the question, the right plug should be around Iridium Power IK (IQ) 22, 24, or 27. Here is an introduction to using the different types of the Iridium Series on racing engines. Iridium Power:NA Tuned (Short distance racing), Turbo tuned where a regular turbine has been tuned to increase the boost. Iridium Racing (01 Type):The 01 Type is usually called the slant ground electrode type. If your car is turbo tuned where the turbine has been replaced and the boost pressure is above 1.2 to 1.3kg/cm2, an Iridium Racing 01 type is needed. Also, if a NA tuned engine with comparatively high vibration (4 cylinders) is to be raced over long distances, switching to this type can increase the reliability of the ground electrodes. Iridium Racing (02 Type):The 02 type (flat ground type) is appropriate for higher output engines than the 01 type, but because the spark position is withdrawn compared to the 01 type, only consider this plug for racing applications.
Test 2
19.1110 19.4241
Improved combustion efficiency will clean your exhaust emission! Fuel consumption will improve too!
With the superior ignitability of ultra-thin electrodes (0.4mm), combustion efficiency will be improved. Cleaner Exhaust Emissions CO and CO2 levels will decrease in the "EURO III" emissions test to be implemented in the future. Improved Mileage A great bonus for long-distance drivers.
Even for those who are concerned about the environment, we recommend Iridium Power.
Iridium Plug Motorcycle Emissions Comparison Test Test Vehicle CBR250 Test Conditions EURO Test Equipment MEXA-7400, CVS 7100 Tested Plugs U24FER9 (Ni Plug) Gap: 0.85 IUH24 (Ir Plug) Gap: 0.85
EURO III Test Pattern
140 120 100 80 Speed (km/h) 60 40 20 0 Time
Internal Data
Is there a standard for differentiating the uses of Iridium Power and Iridium Racing?
Iridium Racing uses a platinum tip for the ground electrode and a high strength fine insulator for racing. Also, there is a silicone coating on the insulator giving it an increased resistance to carbon fouling. However, because of the withdrawn spark position, the Iridium Power has the high ignitability of the two. Instead, because of the "extension" in engine revolution felt by many at high revolutions, it is popular with customers who race. Choose "Iridium Power" for response and "Iridium Racing" for high revolutions. Iridium Racing is particularly popular on the circuit scene. (In the '03 Motegi 7 Hour Open, it was found that 45% of the vehicles used Iridium Racing) DENSO findings
Regular Plug U24FER9 CO g/km

24.5 24.6 24.7 24.8 24.9 25
Iridium Power IUH24

Internal Data
25.1 25.0523
25.2
Test 1 Test 2
24.7491
24.7826
25.1569
93
I drive a GT-R tuned to 850HP. Would it be okay to install 0.4mm dia. Iridium Power series plugs?
The DENSO Iridium Series have the world's thinnest 0.4mm iridium center electrodes, but because the durability of the iridium alloy developed by DENSO is higher that even platinum, which has in the past been said to be the most durable, it can be said that it's the best plug for tuned engines. Specifically, it has the following advantages: [1] Iridium alloy has a melting point and hardness above that of platinum, even turbo, with its high combustion temperature, can be used with confidence. Also, even when used with powerful ignition systems such as MSD and MDI, these plugs are even more reliable than platinum racing plugs. [2] The issue for high boost engines is that misfiring that occurs at high revolutions. The fine electrodes of the Iridium series require a lower voltage, allowing the energy generated by the coil to be sparked without losses. It can be said the 0.4mm dia. DENSO Iridium Power series are a strong ally of tuned high-boost turbo systems.
Can I replace my double, triple, or quadruple electrode plugs to Iridium Power or Iridium Tough?
This is possible. The reason: because of the 0.4mm center electrode in Iridium Power and Iridium Tough plugs, they have a lower spark voltage compared to double, triple, and quadruple electrode plugs. Please refer to the Standard Resistor Model Quick Chart. Spark Voltage The thinner the electrode is, the stronger the electrical field is. Because the electrical field affects spark voltage, a thinner electrode lowers spark voltage. If each type of electrode shape is modeled as shown below, Iridium Tough has a lower voltage than double electrode plugs.
Double electrode plug Regular Plug
Plug
Electrode model
Ground
Center
Plate and needle Needle and sphere
Plate and plate
What is the optimum heat range for a tuned up Golf4 GTI 1.8L Turbo?
(Tuning: Turbine Changed, High Volume Injector Installed, and ROM Adjusted to give an output of 200PS from 150PS.) It's difficult to give a heat range based on going from 150PS to 200PS alone, and it's best if you judge the condition of your current plugs and judge for yourself, but as a general rule, for boost pressures between 1.0 and 1.2kg/cm2, an IK24 should be sufficient. During the winter, #22 should improve starting and low speed feel. The heat range is different depending on how the engine has been tuned and how it's used; using an increase in heat range of 1 or 2 as a starting point, decide on a heat range, always looking at the condition of your current plugs.
Spark voltage Low
High
Ignitability The more the contact area between the flame kernel and the electrode is minimized, the smaller the cooling action from the electrodes and the better ignitability is. Because of the 0.4mm center electrode, the contact area between the flame kernel and the electrode is small, resulting in excellent ignitability.
Double electrode plug
Large cooling effect Small cooling effect
I have Rover Mini AT ('90). Since changing to Iridium Power, the idling rotation in neutral went up 400rpm from the previous plugs (1000rpm before the change, 1400rpm since). Before the change, going from neutral to drive was 550rpm, but now it goes below 550rpm and stalls. The revolutions increase smoothly and acceleration is good during driving. Why is this?
Frequently for older vehicles, the ignition system has degraded, and it is sometimes not possible to see the full effect of Iridium Power. In this case, the spark gap should be adjusted from 1.1mm to 0.8mm. Also, in the VK series, there is the VK20Y plug where the gap has been preset to 0.8mm.
Can an Iridium Power be installed on an RX-7(SA22C Turbo Model)?

In the rotary engines in some old Mazda's on the T (Trailing) side there is a plug, the terminal nut for which must be removed. In others, the removal of the T side plug terminal nut is necessary as in the Cosmo (HB22S). DENSO has Iridium Racing plugs for rotary engines, with a variety of heat ranges from #27 to #35. Iridium Racing Plugs for Rotary Engines come standard with terminal nuts.
How is the compatibility with trial vehicles.

The "IW series" is well suited for most trial vehicles. Though these vehicles frequently use a low heat range, the heat ranges available for Iridium Power starts with IW16, so choose one that matches the type of driving you do. Better accelerator response and torque can be expected with Iridium Power, which has excellent ignitability. Recently, the space to install plugs in trial vehicles has shrunk, and there is a demand for miniature plugs. In these cases try the IK types. However, the space between the plug cord and the insulator will require waterproofing.
94
How does the engine respond to changed settings?

We sometimes hear that "Iridium Power is too sensitive to setting changes." However, the flip side to sensitivity is that "the response to setting chages is fast and easier," and during races, we hear that it makes setting changes easier. If Iridium Power is used, it should become possible to draw out more performance from your vehicle.
I installed Iridium Power plugs on to my 2-wheel vehicle. Sometimes when I start it, there is a loud, explosive "pop." With regular plugs this did not happen. Why is the reason for this?
A loud explosive "pop" pop sound can have the following two causes: (1) An afterfiring muffler (2) Backfiring due to blowback from the carburetor If it is the same vehicle and these symptoms were not there before changing to the new plugs, the reason for this is (1) afterfiring. The causes of afterfiring are:
What is the difference in the life of an iridium plug used under 2-cycle conditions and one used under 4-cycle conditions?
In 4-cycle engines, a spark is produced for every 2 revolutions of the crankshaft, resulting in explosion and combustion in the engine. In 2-cycle engines, a spark is produced for each revolution of the crankshaft, resulting in explosion and engine combustion in the engine. This simple comparison may lead you to conclude that 2-cycle engines simply have twice the wear; however wear is made up of not only wear from sparking, but also wear from high temperatures (oxidation). Thus, the amount of wear depends on the driving conditions of the vehicle, how the rotations of the engine are applied (that is, how the shift is used), and whether the resulting combustion temperature is high or low. 2-cycle engines have a higher level of electrode wear. This electrode wear is estimated at approximately 1.5 to 2 times that of 4-cycle engines, and plug life is also shorter with 2-cycle engines. Iridium has a high melting point; however, it will undergo wear from sparking and wear from high temperatures (oxidation). To our knowledge, 2-cycle engines are only found in 2-wheel vehicles, our recommended value in this catalog for lifetime is 3000 to 5000km. (This value is based on a variety of conditions, and, racing use may require even more frequent replacement.) From the above, it is recommended that plugs for 2-cycle engines be replaced about every 3000km. However, the condition of wear depends on operating conditions and the typical engine rpms, so it is also possible to take out the plugs occasionally to confirm the amount of electrode wear and judge when the best time is to replace the plug.
(1) An abnormally elevated intake pressure, the combustion becomes unsteady (during engine brake) (2) A problem with an ignition device (improper ignition timing, misfiring) (3) The fuel-air mixture is too rich (problem with the carburetor, too much choke) (4) The valve timing is off If the problem is during starting, (2), (3), or (4) are thought to be the reason. A specific example for (2) is "ignition timing that is off" and specific examples for (3) include "a dirty air cleaner" and "pulling the choke too much." We often hear that Iridium plugs improve ignitability so much that people "don't have to pull the choke to start the engine." If you are pulling the choke to full, try pulling it to the "halfway point and see if this solves the problem.
What kind of vehicles are surface gap plugs used for?

These are plugs developed for racing, and there are many people who use these plugs in the All-Japan Road Race Championship JSB1000 class and in drag racing. Because the ground electrode is gone, there are the following advantages and disadvantages. Advantages [1] When the engine is tuned so that the compression ratio is increased, these can avoid interference with the piston. [2] Because there are no excess projections into the combustion chamber, the combustion efficiency at high revolutions is improved. [3] Difficulties due to the ground electrode can be prevented. Disadvantages [1] The ignitability becomes worse, and thus feeling and response at low and mid-revolutions deteriorates. (2) The engine characteristics become peaky; because of this, in the popular ST600 class, where conditions are severe, there are many people who use plugs with ground electrodes.
I ride a BMW R100RS ('92) motorcycle. I bought Iridium plugs (IW20, as specified in the charts) and installed them, but whenever I stop at the stop light, my engine stalls. Is this a defect with the plug? Or does this mean that my motorcycle is unsuited to Iridium Power? How can I get them to work?
Because Iridium Power plugs have an ultra-thin center electrode, they will spark even at low voltages (i.e. they have low voltage requirements), and we are proud to say they have excellent compatibility with older cars with weaker electrical systems. However, in general, some older vehicles (not only the BMW motorcycle in this question) appear to have a degraded ignition systems from age, resulting in sufficient voltage not being available from the coil. For improved ignitability, the low heat range Iridium Power plugs have a spark gap of 1.1mm, and in vehicles with a significantly weakened electrical system, this may result in symptoms such as "rough idling" and "lack of power." Adjusting the spark to between 0.8 and 1.0mm should solve this problem. However, because the center electrode is extremely thin, please have this adjustment done by a professional mechanic.
Is it true that installation on Ducati watercooled 4-valve engines is not possible?

Since the 996R, the interior of the Testastretta (narrow head) engine's plug holes have been very narrowly machined, and with regular plug wrenches, the socket OD hits the wall and thus the plugs cannot be fully tightened. (Not possible with a 21.5mm OD) In this case, a thin-wall plug wrench is required. [We recommend the "NB3-16SP (nepros)" or the "B3A-16SP" by KTC.]
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The plugs of racing karts are susceptible to carbon fouling, but how does Iridium Power do in this case?
We frequently hear that Iridium Power is resistant to carbon fouling compared to plugs from other companies. However, there is no way that they are a 100% solution, and it's good to know these techniques to prevent carbon fouling. [1] When rolling in the race, close the carburetor's low needle or pinch the fuel pipe with your hand to prevent excess fuel from entering the engine. [2] By pumping the accelerator during rolling, a rich fuel air mixture goes into the engine, making it easier for carbon fouling to occur. Operate the accelerator gently. [3] If carbon fouling happens while running with the throttle fully open, this could mean that the heat range is too low or that the fuel mix is to rich. Consult with a kart shop to find the optimum setting.
Are plugs such as VUH27D and VK24PRZ11 for Honda vehicles available as Iridium Tough plugs? Will they last 100,000km? Also, can Iridium Power be substituted here?
Plugs for 2-wheel vehicles with a "V" in the part number have a platinum tip welded to the ground electrode, the same as in 4-wheel vehicles. They have more durability than Iridium Power, but do last 100,000km. Thus we do not offer them as Iridium Tough products. You can choose the Iridium Power plug for those vehicle types with a compatible Iridium Power plug shown in the Model Chart; however, please understand that it will be not as durable.
I'm using Iridium Power. If there is carbon fouling, can I use a brass brush to clean the plugs?
Because Iridium Power's center electrode has a fine 0.4mm diameter, there is a chance that this electrode could be bent by a brass brush. If
How is the compatibility with plug cords such as Nology?

There are no particular issues with compatibility. In fact, there are some cord manufactures who sell products "especially for iridium plugs."
you having the plug cleaned, a sandblaster-type plug cleaner found in maintenance shops is preferable. If this is the case, keep the air pressure low and clean the plug for as short a time period as possible. Also, one trick would be to dissolve the carbon with an engine conditioner or a similar chemical agent. (Parts cleaners will not dissolve carbon). After applying it, take a nylon brush (don't use a
When changing plugs, is there any need to change the settings?

For normal vehicles, there is no need to change the settings. It is advisable to reset vehicles with modified exhaust systems, though in most cases adjusting the air screw is sufficient. (Except for racing carburetors such as FCRs)
wire brush) and scrub it off, wash it well, and dry it off. Repeat this procedure three or four times to remove any carbon. DENSO has confirmed that this does not return the performance of the plugs to 100%, so please use this as a stopgap measure.
The vehicle seems to be running worse now that I've installed them?
In most cases there is a problem with the vehicle. Scooters are
Is there a way to tell them apart when replacing them?

This can be done by confirming the level of wear (the gap width) on the ground electrode. DENSO's Iridium electrodes are different from conventional products in that their center electrodes hardly wear, and because of this it is better to check for wear on the ground electrode .
often run for long periods of time without maintenance, and it is common to see them with richer fuel-air mixtures from dirty air cleaners. Our investigations have found that these vehicles tend to be susceptible to carbon fouling, and when replacing plugs also remember to inspect and clean the air cleaner. The effectiveness of the change should become even more apparent. Also for rough idling and problems starting, sometimes reducing
The terminal on the end of the plug is frequently unnecessary on motorcycle, so why is this included with all types?
Iridium Power comes standard with a plug terminal (not including combined types). This is because some of the other companies' plug cords require a terminal, and at DENSO we decide our product specifications keeping in mind every customer.
the plug gap by 0.1 to 0.2mm will solve the problem.
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DENSO PLUGS site English version opened

Introduction of the IRIDIUM POWER series PR space
This site mainly provides product and race support information.
Updated information
Basic plug information and Q&A Appropriate information retrieval Movie
Master brochure data download
A lot of plug information is contained
Basic plug information and Q&A are provided.
http://www.globaldenso.com/PLUG/
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3 Ignition System Configuration P07

1 Spark and ignition

P09 P13 P15 P25

2 Structure 3 Types 4 Heat Range

6 How to read Sperk Plugs P29 7 Troubleshooting 8 Comprehensive Test

1 High Voltage Generation 2 High Voltage Control 3 Ignition Timing

P35 P38 P39

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to my vehicle? P81 P83 P84 P85 P86

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Operation of 4-stroke engines

Intake and compression

Combustion and exhaust

Intake and compression stroke

Combustion and exhaust stroke

2 Role of the Ignition System

Three conditions for attaining the performance of gasoline engines

Diesel engine ignition system

Good Air-Fuel Mixture

Air-Fuel ratio (A/F)

3 Ignition System Configuration

Ignition System Configuration

4 Types of Ignition System

Transistor Ignition Type