Savedrecs

FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Conlon, CM
Serbanescu, F
Marum, L
Healey, J
LaBrecque, J
Hobson, R
Levitt, M
Kekitiinwa, A
Picho, B
Soud, F
Spigel, L
Steffen, M
Velasco, J
Cohen, R
Weiss, W
AF Conlon, Claudia Morrissey
Serbanescu, Florina
Marum, Lawrence
Healey, Jessica
LaBrecque, Jonathan
Hobson, Reeti
Levitt, Marta
Kekitiinwa, Adeodata
Picho, Brenda
Soud, Fatma
Spigel, Lauren
Steffen, Mona
Velasco, Jorge
Cohen, Robert
Weiss, William
CA Saving Mothers Giving Life Working
TI Saving Mothers, Giving Life: It Takes a System to Save a Mother
(Republication)
SO GLOBAL HEALTH-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; NEWBORN BABIES; OBSTETRIC CARE; COMMUNITY; ZAMBIA;
REDUCTION; IMPACTS; UGANDA; DIE
AB Background: Ending preventable maternal and newborn deaths remains a global
health imperative under United Nations Sustainable Development Goal targets 3.1 and
3.2. Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) was designed in 2011 within the Global
Health Initiative as a public-private partnership between the U.S. government,
Merck for Mothers, Every Mother Counts, the American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, the government of Norway, and Project C.U.R.E. SMGL's initial aim
was to dramatically reduce maternal mortality in low-resource, high-burden sub-
Saharan African countries. SMGL used a district health systems strengthening
approach combining both supply-and demand-side interventions to address the 3 key
delays to accessing effective maternity care in a timely manner: delays in seeking,
reaching, and receiving quality obstetric services.
Implementation: The SMGL approach was piloted from June 2012 to December 2013 in
8 rural districts (4 each) in Uganda and Zambia with high levels of maternal
deaths. Over the next 4 years, SMGL expanded to a total of 13 districts in Uganda
and 18 in Zambia. SMGL built on existing host government and private maternal and
child health platforms, and was aligned with and guided by Ugandan and Zambian
maternal and newborn health policies and programs. A 35% reduction in the maternal
mortality ratio (MMR) was achieved in SMGL-designated facilities in both countries
during the first 12 months of implementation.
Results: Maternal health outcomes achieved after 5 years of implementation in
the SMGL-designated pilot districts were substantial: a 44% reduction in both
facility and districtwide MMR in Uganda, and a 38% decrease in facility and a 41%
decline in districtwide MMR in Zambia. Facility deliveries increased by 47% (from
46% to 67%) in Uganda and by 44% (from 62% to 90%) in Zambia. Cesarean delivery
rates also increased: by 71% in Uganda (from 5.3% to 9.0%) and by 79% in Zambia
(from 2.7% to 4.8%). The average annual rate of reduction for maternal deaths in
the SMGL-supported districts exceeded that found countrywide: 11.5% versus 3.5% in
Uganda and 10.5% versus 2.8% in Zambia. The changes in stillbirth rates were
significant (similar to 13% in Uganda and similar to 36% in Zambia) but those for
pre-discharge neonatal mortality rates were not significant in either Uganda or
Zambia.
Conclusion: A district health systems strengthening approach to addressing the 3
delays to accessing timely, appropriate, high-quality care for pregnant women can
save women's lives from preventable causes and reduce stillbirths. The approach
appears not to significantly impact pre-discharge neonatal mortality.
C1 [Conlon, Claudia Morrissey; LaBrecque, Jonathan; Hobson, Reeti; Levitt, Marta;
Steffen, Mona; Cohen, Robert; Weiss, William] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth,
Washington, DC 20523 USA.
[Serbanescu, Florina] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA
USA.
[Marum, Lawrence; Soud, Fatma] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lusaka, Zambia.
[Healey, Jessica] US Agcy Int Dev, Lusaka, Zambia.
[Hobson, Reeti; Steffen, Mona] ICF, Rockville, MD USA.
[Levitt, Marta] RTI, Washington, DC USA.
[Levitt, Marta] Palladium, Abuja, Nigeria.
[Kekitiinwa, Adeodata] Childrens Fdn Uganda, Baylor Coll Med, Kampala, Uganda.
[Picho, Brenda] Makerere Univ, Infect Dis Inst, Coll Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda.
[Spigel, Lauren] ICF, Fairfax, VA USA.
[Spigel, Lauren] Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA USA.
[Velasco, Jorge] US Agcy Int Dev, Papua, Guinea.
C3 United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Centers for
Disease Control & Prevention - USA; United States Agency for
International Development (USAID); Research Triangle Institute; Baylor
College of Medicine; Makerere University; United States Agency for
International Development (USAID)
RP Conlon, CM (corresponding author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington,
DC 20523 USA.
EM Cconlon@usaid.gov
RI Serbanescu, Florina/HGB-8187-2022
OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-3013-8599; Spigel, Lauren/0000-0001-7846-4890
FU Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator; U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID), Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia; Merck for Mothers; Every Mother
Counts
FX Saving Mothers, Giving Life implementation was primarily funded by the
Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, the U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID), Washington, DC, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, Merck for Mothers, and Every Mother
Counts. The funding agencies had no influence or control over the
content of this article.
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U1 1
U2 3
PU US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID
PI BALTIMORE
PA US AGENCY INT DEVELOPMENT-USAID, BALTIMORE, MD 00000 USA
SN 2169-575X
J9 GLOB HEALTH-SCI PRAC
JI Glob. Health
PD MAR 22
PY 2019
VL 7
IS 1
BP 20
EP 40
DI 10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00092
PG 21
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index
(SSCI)
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA HU0WX
UT WOS:000464994000005
PM 30926736
OA Green Published, gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Cao, JJ
Holden, NM
Adamowski, JF
Deo, RC
Xu, XY
Feng, Q
AF Cao, J. J.
Holden, N. M.
Adamowski, J. F.
Deo, R. C.
Xu, X. Y.
Feng, Q.
TI Can individual land ownership reduce grassland degradation and favor
socioeconomic sustainability on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau?
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Grassland contract; Collective action;
Social-ecologic system; Institutional arrangement
ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION; GRAZING INTENSITY;
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; ALPINE GRASSLAND;
CONTRACT POLICY; RESILIENCE; TRAGEDY; COMMONS
AB Land degradation neutrality (LDN) was introduced to provide a policy framework
to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15. Land use policy and management
changes can alter the status of land-based natural capital, and exert an influence
on ecosystem functioning and interactions with a socio-ecological system. Over the
last 30 years, continued efforts to maintain the socioeconomic sustainability of
the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) led to the implementation of a unique ownership
policy of individual households that were contracted to use defined grassland
properties rather than collective nomadic practices. Two distinct types of
privately-owned grassland properties now exist: individual private property (IPP)
and jointly managed private property (JPP).
The influence of IPP (vs. JPP) on grassland degradation has been the subject of
a limited number of studies that are reviewed in this paper to help estimate some
baseline indicator values for LDN on the QTP. Grasslands under IPP were more
degraded according to soil and vegetation measurements, which were indicative of
excessive vegetation removal and trampling due to grazing pressure. This pressure
occurred because livestock mobility was limited by the imposed restrictions of
fencing. A review of the associated socioeconomic status of this practice suggests
that the disruption of social networks by the imposition of property lines between
individual households acted to limit cultural transmission and collective benefits,
such as the sharing of labour, pasture and food. Moreover, IPP seemed to lack the
necessary resilience that is required to support the communities and their
livestock.
Although studies in the QTP are relatively scarce, research suggests that the
notion that grassland contracts would address the region's social, economic and
environmental problems should be revisited because there is a significant
difference in LDN indicator values for IPP and JPP, and evidence of significant
degradation in the decades before the 2015 baseline when the UNCCD adopted LDN and
SDGs. Evidence suggests that JPP is a more resilient system, capturing the
environmental benefits of nomadism and the socioeconomic benefits of land
contracts. Given that some of the grasslands are already contracted to individual
households, creative JPP property arrangements should be respected. A
reconsideration of whether the not-yet-contracted grasslands should be contracted
individually rather than jointly, is required if LDN is to be achieved on the QTP
by 2030. If the current policy is maintained, research evidence suggests that JPP
should be encouraged, and policy makers should seek better ways of ensuring long-
term sustainability and that LDN is achieved to maintain the natural capital and
associated ecosystem services of the QTP.
C1 [Cao, J. J.; Xu, X. Y.] Northwest Normal Univ, Coll Geog & Environm Sci, Lanzhou
730070, Gansu, Peoples R China.
[Holden, N. M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Agr & Food Sci Ctr, UCD Sch Biosyst & Food
Engn, Dublin 4, Ireland.
[Adamowski, J. F.] McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Bioresource Engn,
Quebec City, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
[Deo, R. C.] Univ Southern Queensland, Inst Agr & Environm, Int Ctr Appl Climate
Sci, Sch Agr Computat & Environm Sci, Springfield, Qld 4300, Peoples R China.
[Feng, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm Engn Res Inst, Alashan
Desert Ecohydrol Expt Res Stn, Key Lab Ecohydrol Inland River Basin, Lanzhou 73000,
Gansu, Peoples R China.
C3 Northwest Normal University - China; University College Dublin; McGill
University; University of Southern Queensland; Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Cold & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research
Institute, CAS
RP Feng, Q (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm Engn
Res Inst, Alashan Desert Ecohydrol Expt Res Stn, Key Lab Ecohydrol Inland River
Basin, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
EM qifeng@lzb.ac.cn
RI Deo, Ravinesh/F-6157-2012; 郭, 青霞/GZH-2618-2022
OI Deo, Ravinesh/0000-0002-2290-6749;
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41461109]; Gansu
Provincial Sci & Tech. Department [1506RJZA124]; Key Laboratory of
Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Chinese Academy of Science
[KLEIRB-ZS-16-01]
FX The authors thank to the reviewers and the editor for their comments
that helped to improve this paper. The study was supported by the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41461109), the Gansu
Provincial Sci & Tech. Department (1506RJZA124), and the Key Laboratory
of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin (KLEIRB-ZS-16-01), Chinese Academy
of Science. We confirm that there is no conflict of interest.
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2486.2008.01591.x
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[余露 Yu Lu], 2012, [草业科学, Pratacultural Science], V29, P1920
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NR 91
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 73
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1462-9011
EI 1873-6416
J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY
JI Environ. Sci. Policy
PD NOV
PY 2018
VL 89
BP 192
EP 197
DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2018.08.003
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
(SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA GX2OB
UT WOS:000447557600021
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Horwood, C
Haskins, L
Engebretsen, IM
Phakathi, S
Connolly, C
Coutsoudis, A
Spies, L
AF Horwood, C.
Haskins, L.
Engebretsen, I. M.
Phakathi, S.
Connolly, C.
Coutsoudis, A.
Spies, L.
TI Improved rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 14 weeks of age in KwaZulu
Natal, South Africa: what are the challenges now?
SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Exclusive breastfeeding; Breastfeeding; Risk factors; HIV infection;
South Africa
ID CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED TRIAL; MOTHERS; DURATION; COHORT; INTELLIGENCE;
METAANALYSIS; WORK
AB Background: Increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to 50% in the
first six months of life is one of six major global targets set by the United
Nations Decade of Nutrition, and is essential to achieve the sustainable
development goals to eradicate hunger and end malnutrition by 2030.
Methods: A survey using multistage random sampling design included 99 primary
health care (PHC) clinics in all 11 districts in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). All mothers
and caregivers of infants 14 weeks of age attending the clinics in the study period
were requested to participate in a structured interview to explore feeding
practices since birth. As non-maternal caregivers may not have detailed knowledge
of feeding practices, they provided limited information about current feeding
practices. Respondents who consistently reported giving no other food or fluids
except breastmilk since birth were classified as practising exclusive breastfeeding
(EBF), and those who were currently breastfeeding but had given other food or
fluids since birth were categorised as practising mixed breastfeeding (MBF).
Results: A total of 4172 interviews were conducted with mothers and caregivers
of 14 week old infants. Among mothers 49.8% were EBF, 23.1% were MBF and 27.0% were
not breastfeeding. Among non-maternal caregivers 11.8% reported EBF, 23.4% MBF and
62.3% were not giving breastmilk. Higher education (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8) and
being in the highest socio-economic tertile (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) were risk
factors for not practising EBF, while returning to work (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.3) or
school (OR 0.2 95% CI, 0.1-0.3) was associated with less EBF. HIV-positive mothers
were more likely to have never started breastfeeding (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.7-4.8).
However, they were similar in having stopped breastfeeding by 14 weeks (OR 1.1, 95%
CI 0.9-1.4) compared to HIV-negative mothers, and, they had similar rates of EBF at
14 weeks of age (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9-1.3).
Conclusions: Estimates of breastfeeding practices at 14 weeks in KZN are higher
than previously shown. However, particular challenges that should be addressed if
international targets for EBF are to be achieved include improving breastfeeding
practices of HIV positive mothers and supporting all mothers, particularly working
or schooling mothers to continue giving breastmilk while they are away from their
children.
C1 [Horwood, C.; Haskins, L.; Phakathi, S.; Connolly, C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Ctr
Rural Hlth, Durban, South Africa.
[Engebretsen, I. M.] Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Ctr Int
Hlth, Bergen, Norway.
[Coutsoudis, A.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Clin Med, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med,
Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Durban, South Africa.
[Spies, L.] KwaZulu Natal Dept Hlth, Pietermaritzburg, Kwazulu Natal, South
Africa.
C3 University of Kwazulu Natal; University of Bergen; University of Kwazulu
Natal
RP Horwood, C (corresponding author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Ctr Rural Hlth, Durban,
South Africa.
EM horwoodc@ukzn.ac.za
RI Horwood, Christiane Marianne/GRF-4446-2022; Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie
S/N-5692-2017
OI Horwood, Christiane Marianne/0000-0003-4395-1423; Engebretsen, Ingunn
Marie S/0000-0001-5852-3611
FU ELMA Foundation
FX Funding for the study was provided by ELMA Foundation.
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FEE
NR 47
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2458
J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
JI BMC Public Health
PD JUN 19
PY 2018
VL 18
AR 757
DI 10.1186/s12889-018-5657-5
PG 11
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
GA GK1RF
UT WOS:000435895400001
PM 29914417
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Slogrove, AL
Yotebieng, M
Schomaker, M
Davies, MA
Judd, A
Leroy, V
Williams, P
Balkan, S
Ben-Farhat, J
Calles, N
Chokephaibulkit, K
Duff, C
Eboua, TF
Kekitiinwa, A
Maxwell, N
Pinto, J
Seage, G
Teasdale, C
Wanless, S
Warszawski, J
Wools-Kaloustian, K
AF Slogrove, Amy L.
Yotebieng, Marcel
Schomaker, Michael
Davies, Mary-Ann
Judd, Ali
Leroy, Valeriane
Williams, Paige
Balkan, Suna
Ben-Farhat, Jihane
Calles, Nancy
Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya
Duff, Charlotte
Eboua, Tonah Francois
Kekitiinwa, Adeodata
Maxwell, Nicky
Pinto, Jorge
Seage, George, III
Teasdale, Chloe
Wanless, Sebastian
Warszawski, Josiane
Wools-Kaloustian, Kara
CA Cipher Global Cohort Collaboration
TI Inequality in outcomes for adolescents living with perinatally acquired
HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV
Education and Research (CIPHER) Cohort Collaboration analysis
SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE adolescent; HIV; perinatally acquired; sub-Saharan Africa; Sustainable
Development Goals
ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HEALTH; CARE; CONSEQUENCES; MALNUTRITION;
CHALLENGES; INFECTION; CHILDREN; ADULTS; AGE
AB IntroductionEighty percent of adolescents living with perinatally and
behaviourally acquired HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a continent with
marked economic inequality. As part of our global project describing adolescents
living with perinatally acquired HIV (APH), we aimed to assess whether inequality
in outcomes exists by country income group (CIG) for APH within SSA.
MethodsThrough the CIPHER cohort collaboration, individual retrospective data
from 7 networks and 25 countries in SSA were included. APH were included if they
entered care at age <10years (as a proxy for perinatally acquired HIV) and had
follow-up at age >10years. World Bank CIG classification for median year of first
visit was used. Cumulative incidence of mortality, transfer-out and loss-to-follow-
up was calculated by competing risks analysis. Mortality was compared across CIG by
Cox proportional hazards models.
ResultsA total of 30,296 APH were included; 50.9% were female and 75.7% were
resident in low-income countries (LIC). Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age at
antiretroviral therapy (ART) start was 8.1 [6.3; 9.5], 7.8 [6.2; 9.3] and 7.3 [5.2;
8.9] years in LIC, lower-middle income countries (LMIC) and upper-middle income
countries (UMIC) respectively. Median age at last follow-up was 12.1 [10.9; 13.8]
years, with no difference between CIG. Cumulative incidence (95% CI) for mortality
between age 10 and 15years was lowest in UMIC (1.1% (0.8; 1.4)) compared to LIC
(3.5% (3.1; 3.8)) and LMIC (3.9% (2.7; 5.4)). Loss-to-follow-up was highest in UMIC
(14.0% (12.9; 15.3)) compared to LIC (13.1% (12.4; 13.8)) and LMIC (8.3% (6.3;
10.6)). Adjusted mortality hazard ratios (95% CI) for APH in LIC and LMIC in
reference to UMIC were 2.50 (1.85; 3.37) and 2.96 (1.90; 4.61) respectively, with
little difference when restricted only to APH who ever received ART. In adjusted
analyses mortality was similar for male and female APH.
ConclusionsResults highlight probable inequality in mortality according to CIG
in SSA even when ART was received. These findings highlight that without attention
towards SDG 10 (to reduce inequality within and among countries), progress towards
ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for all at all ages (SDG 3) will be
hampered for APH in LIC and LMIC.
C1 [Slogrove, Amy L.; Schomaker, Michael; Davies, Mary-Ann; Maxwell, Nicky] Univ
Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Yotebieng, Marcel] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Judd, Ali; Duff, Charlotte] UCL, MRC Clin Trials Unit, London, England.
[Leroy, Valeriane] Univ Toulouse 3, Inserm U1027, Toulouse, France.
[Williams, Paige; Seage, George, III] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA
USA.
[Balkan, Suna] Med Sans Frontieres, Med Dept, Paris, France.
[Ben-Farhat, Jihane] Med Sans Frontieres, Epictr, Paris, France.
[Calles, Nancy; Wanless, Sebastian] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Int Pediat AIDS
Initiat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand.
[Eboua, Tonah Francois] CHU Yopougon, Cote Divoire, France.
[Kekitiinwa, Adeodata] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Int Pediat AIDS Initiat,
Uganda, Uganda.
[Pinto, Jorge] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Teasdale, Chloe] Columbia Univ, ICAP, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027
USA.
[Warszawski, Josiane] French Inst Hlth & Med Res, Paris, France.
[Wools-Kaloustian, Kara] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
C3 University of Cape Town; University System of Ohio; Ohio State
University; Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit; University of
London; University College London; Institut National de la Sante et de
la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite de Toulouse; Universite
Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan
School of Public Health; Doctors Without Borders; Doctors Without
Borders; Baylor College of Medicine; Mahidol University; Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais; Columbia University; Institut National de la
Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Indiana University System;
Indiana University Bloomington
RP Slogrove, AL (corresponding author), Univ Cape Town, Ctr Infect Dis Epidemiol &
Res, Fac Hlth Sci, 5th Floor Falmouth Bldg,Anzio Rd, Cape Town, South Africa.
EM slogrove@gmail.com
RI Collins, Intira Jeannie/I-5048-2019; Schomaker, Michael/K-3840-2019;
Leroy, Valeriane/GQB-1102-2022; Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013; Leroy,
Valeriane/AAO-5175-2020
OI Collins, Intira Jeannie/0000-0003-2132-6037; Schomaker,
Michael/0000-0002-8475-0591; Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616;
Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616; Leroy,
Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616; Edmonds, Andrew/0000-0001-6768-0096;
Slogrove, Amy/0000-0002-8046-9268
FU United States (US) National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U01AI096299-07];
US NIH [U01A1069911, U01AI069924, U01AI069919]; President's Emergency
Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention [5U62PS223540, 5U2GPS001537]; Medical Research Council
[MC_UU_12023/17] Funding Source: researchfish; MRC [MC_UU_12023/17]
Funding Source: UKRI
FX Optimal Models-ICAP: The following people and sites contributed to
Optimal Models: Ethiopia -Mohamed Ahmed, Harari Regional Health Bureau;
Zelalem Habtamu, Oromia Regional Health Bureau; Kassahun Hailegiorgis,
Dire Dawa Regional Health Bureau; Zenebe Melaku, ICAP Ethiopia. Abomsa
Hospital, Abosto HC, Adama Hospital, Addis Ketema Health Center, Adola,
Ambo Hospital, Arategna Health Center, Assela Hospital, Bishoftu
Hospital, Bisidimo Hospital, Bulle Hura Hospital, Chiro Hospital, Deder
Hospital, Dire Dawa Health Center, Dodola, Fitche Hospital, Gedo
Hospital, Gelemso Hospital, Gende Gerada Health Center, Gende Kore
Health Center, Gindeberet Hospital, Ginir Hospital, Goro Health Center,
Harar TB Hospital, Hiwot Fana Hospital, Jenila Health Center, Jijiga
Health Center, Jimma Hospital, Karamara Hospital, Kuyu Hospital, Leghare
Health Center, Limmu-Genet Hospital, Mariam Work Hospital, Melka-Jebdu
Health Center, Metehara Hospital, Metu Karl Hospital, Misrak Arbegnoch
Hospital, Negele Hospital, Robe Dida, Sabian Health Center, Shashemene
Hospital, Sher Ethiopia Private Hospital, St. Luke (Wolisso) Hospital,
Tulu Bolo Hospital, Wonji Hospital, Yabelo, Yimaji Private Hospital.
Kenya - Mark Hawken, ICAP Kenya; Maureen Kamene Kimenye, PASCO Central
province; Irene N. Mukui, National AIDS and STIs Control Programme.
Abidha Health Center, Ahero Sub District Hospital, Akala Health Center,
Aluor Mission, Athi River Health Center, Awasi Mission, Bar Agulu
Dispensary, Bar Olengo, Bondo District Hospital, Boro Dispensary, Daniel
Comboni Dispensary-Ndithini, Dienya Health Center, Gobei Dispensary,
Hawinga Dispensary, Kali Dispensary, Kathiani Sub District Hospital,
Kibwezi Health Center, Kikoko Mission Hospital, Kitui District hospital,
Madiant District Hospital, Mahaya Health Center, Malanga Health Center,
Manyuanda Dispensary, Masogo Subdistrict Hospital, Matangwe mission
Hospital, Mtito Andei Health Center, Muhoroni SDH, Mulaha Dispensary,
Naya Dispensary, Ndere Health Center, Ndori Dispensary, Ngiya Mission,
Nyakach AIC Dispensary, Nyangoma Kogelo, Ongielo Health Center, Rangala
Mission, Rera Health Center, Siaya District Hospital, Sigomere Health
Center, Sikalame Health Center, Tawa Health Center, Tingwangi Health
Center, Ukwala Health Center, Usigu Health Center, Uyawi Health Center,
Wagai Dispensary, Yala Sub District Hospital. Mozambique - Josue Lima,
ICAP Mozambique; Antonio Mussa, ICAP Mozambique; Americo Rafi Assan,
Ministry of Health Mozambique. 17 de Setembro Health Center, 25 de
Setembro Health Center -Nampula, Akumi Health Center - Nacala, Anchilo
Health Center, Angoche HR, Coalane Health Center, Gurue Rural Hospital
Ilha de Mocambique, Liupo Health Center, Lumbo Health Center, Malema
Health Center, Marrere General Hospital, Meconta Health Center, Memba
Health Center, Milange Health Center, Military HospitalMaputo, Mocuba
Rural Hospital, Moma Health Center, Monapo HR, Monapo Health Center,
Mossuril HR, Nacala-Porto District Hospital, Nacala-Porto Health Center,
Nacuxa HR, Nametil Health Center, Namialo Health Center, Namitoria
Health Center, Nampula Central Hospital, Namuinho Health Center,
Nicoadala Health Center, Pediatric Central Hospital -Nampula, Ribaue
Rural Hospital; Rwanda - Vincent Mutabazi, Treatment and Research AIDS
Center; Ruben Sahabo, ICAP Rwanda.; Avega Clinic, Bethsaida Health
Center, Bigogwe Health Center, Busasamana Health Center, Butare
Hospital, Carrefour Polyclinic, Central Hospital-Kigali, Congo Nil
Health Center, Gisenyi District Hospital, Gisenyi Prison, Gisovu Health
Center, Kabaya District Hospital, Kabusunzu Health Center, Kayove Health
Center, Kibuye District Hospital, Kicukiro Health Center, Kigali Central
Prison, Kigufi Health Center, Kinunu Health Center, Kirambo Health
Center, Kirinda District Hospital, Kivumu Health Center, Mugonero
District Hospital, Muhima District Hospital, Muhororo District Hospital,
Mukungu Health Center, Munzanga Health Center, Murunda District
Hospital, Mushubati Health Center, Mwendo Health Center, Ndera
Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Nyabirasi Health Center, Nyakiriba Health
Center, Nyange A health Center, Nyange B Health Center, Ramba Health
Center, Rambura Health Center, Rubengera Health Center, Rugarama Health
Center, Rususa health Center, Shyira District Hospital; Tanzania
-Gretchen Antelman, ICAP Tanzania; Redempta Mbatia, ICAP Tanzania;
Geoffrey Somi, National AIDS Control Program. Al-Rahma Hospital,
Bagamoyo District Hospital, Baleni Dispensary, Biharamulo Designated
District Hospital, Bunazi Health Center, Bwanga Health Center, Chake
Chake Hospital, Chalinze Health Center, Chato District Hospital,
ChemChem (Miburani) Dispensary, Heri Mission Hospital, Ikwiriri Health
Center, Isingiro Hospital, Izimbya Hospital, Kabanga Mission Hospital,
Kagera Sugar Hospital, Kagondo Hospital, Kahororo Dispensary, Kaigara
Health Center, Kakonko Health Center, Kanazi Health Centre, Kasulu
District Hospital, Katoro Health Centre, Kayanga Health Centre, Kibiti
Health Center, Kibondo District Hospital, Kigarama Health Centre, Kigoma
Dispensary, Kigoma Regional Hospital, Kilimahewa Mission Dispensary,
Kirongwe Dispensary, Kisarawe District Hospital, Kishanje Health Centre,
Kisiju Health Centre, Kivunge Hospital, Kongowe Dispensary, Lugoba
Health Center, Mabamba Health Center, Mafia District Hospital,
Maneromango Health Center, Masaki Health Centre, Mchukwi Hospital,
Michiweni Hospital, Miono Health Centre, Mkamba Health Centre, Mkoani
Health Centre, Mkomaindo Hospital, Mkuranga District Hospital, Mlandizi
Health Center, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Mugana Designated District
Hospital, Murgwanza Designated District Hospital, Murongo Health Center,
Mwembeladu Maternity Hospital, Mzenga Health Centre, Ndanda Hospital,
Ndolage Hospital, Newala Hospital, Nguruka Health Centre, Nkwenda Health
Center, Nyakahanga Designated District Hospital, Nyamiaga Health Centre,
Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Rubya Designated District Hospital, Rulenge
Hospital, Rwamishenye Health Centre, St. Therese Bukoba Health Center,
Tumbi Regional Hospital, Ujiji Health Center, Utende Dispensary, Utete
District Hospital, Uvinza Dispensary, Wete Hospital, Zam Zam Health
Centre. ICAP Central -Matthew Lamb, Denis Nash, Harriet Nuwagaba-
Biribonwoha, IAS-CIPHER (http:// www. iasociety. org/ CIPHER) is made
possible through funding from CIPHER Founding Sponsor ViiV Healthcare
(https://www.viivhealthcare.com) and Janssen (http://www.janssen.com).
Individual networks contributing to the CIPHER Cohort Collaboration have
received the following financial support: IeDEA Central Africa receives
funding from the United States (US) National Institutes of Health (NIH;
https://www.nih.; gov; U01AI096299-07); IeDEA East Africa receives
funding from the US NIH (U01A1069911); IeDEA Southern Africa receives
funding from the US NIH (U01AI069924); IeDEA West Africa receives
funding from the US NIH (U01AI069919); The Optimal Models project was
supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https:// www.
pepfar. gov) under the terms of Cooperative Agreement Number
5U62PS223540 and 5U2GPS001537. The funders had no role in study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
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NR 37
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
EI 1758-2652
J9 J INT AIDS SOC
JI J. Int. AIDS Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 21
SU 1
SI SI
AR e25044
DI 10.1002/jia2.25044
PG 12
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA FX7KH
UT WOS:000426267600004
PM 29485724
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Zere, E
Kirigia, JM
Duale, S
Akazili, J
AF Zere, Eyob
Kirigia, Joses M.
Duale, Sambe
Akazili, James
TI Inequities in maternal and child health outcomes and interventions in
Ghana
LA English
DT Article
ID SURVIVAL; AFRICA; EQUITY
AB Background: With the date for achieving the targets of the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) approaching fast, there is a heightened concern about
equity, as inequities hamper progress towards the MDGs. Equity-focused approaches
have the potential to accelerate the progress towards achieving the health-related
MDGs faster than the current pace in a more cost-effective and sustainable manner.
Ghana's rate of progress towards MDGs 4 and 5 related to reducing child and
maternal mortality respectively is less than what is required to achieve the
targets. The objective of this paper is to examine the equity dimension of child
and maternal health outcomes and interventions using Ghana as a case study.
Methods: Data from Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008 report is analyzed
for inequities in selected maternal and child health outcomes and interventions
using population-weighted, regression-based measures: slope index of inequality and
relative index of inequality.
Results: No statistically significant inequities are observed in infant and
under-five mortality, perinatal mortality, wasting and acute respiratory infection
in children. However, stunting, underweight in under-five children, anaemia in
children and women, childhood diarrhoea and underweight in women (BMI < 18.5) show
inequities that are to the disadvantage of the poorest. The rates significantly
decrease among the wealthiest quintile as compared to the poorest. In contrast,
overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and obesity (BMI >= 30) among women reveals a different
trend there are inequities in favour of the poorest. In other words, in Ghana
overweight and obesity increase significantly among women in the wealthiest
quintile compared to the poorest. With respect to interventions: treatment of
diarrhoea in children, receiving all basic vaccines among children and sleeping
under ITN (children and pregnant women) have no wealth-related gradient. Skilled
care at birth, deliveries in a health facility (both public and private), caesarean
section, use of modern contraceptives and intermittent preventive treatment for
malaria during pregnancy all indicate gradients that are in favour of the
wealthiest. The poorest use less of these interventions. Not unexpectedly, there is
more use of home delivery among women of the poorest quintile.
Conclusion: Significant Inequities are observed in many of the selected child
and maternal health outcomes and interventions. Failure to address these inequities
vigorously is likely to lead to non-achievement of the MDG targets related to
improving child and maternal health (MDGs 4 and 5). The government should therefore
give due attention to tackling inequities in health outcomes and use of
interventions by implementing equity-enhancing measure both within and outside the
health sector in line with the principles of Primary Health Care and the
recommendations of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health.
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[Duale, Sambe] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
[Akazili, James] Ghana Hlth Serv, Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana.
C3 World Health Organization; Tulane University; Ghana Health Service;
Navrongo Health Research Center
EM zeyob@yahoo.com
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NR 37
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 35
PU BMC
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2458
PD MAR 31
PY 2012
VL 12
AR 252
DI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-252
PG 10
GA 933CQ
UT WOS:000303337300001
PM 22463465
OA gold, Green Published
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Kim, TK
Tirloni, L
Pinto, AFM
Diedrich, JK
Moresco, JJ
Yates, JR
Vaz, ID
Mulenga, A
AF Kim, Tae Kwon
Tirloni, Lucas
Pinto, Antonio F. M.
Diedrich, Jolene K.
Moresco, James J.
Yates, John R., III
da Silva Vaz, Itabajara, Jr.
Mulenga, Albert
TI Time-resolved proteomic profile of Amblyomma americanum tick saliva
during feeding
SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID LONE STAR TICK; HARD-TICK; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; EHRLICHIA-EWINGII;
LYME-DISEASE; CATTLE TICK; RHIPICEPHALUS-APPENDICULATUS; MOLECULAR
CHARACTERIZATION; ASPARTIC PROTEINASE; CYSTEINE PROTEASES
AB Author summary
The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is a medically important species in US
that transmits 5 of the 16 reported tick-borne disease agents. Most recently, bites
of this tick were associated with red meat allergies in humans. Vaccination of
animals against tick feeding has been shown to be a sustainable and an effective
alternative to current acaricide based tick control method which has several
limitations. The pre-requisite to tick vaccine development is to understand the
molecular basis of tick feeding physiology. Toward this goal, this study has
identified proteins that A. americanum ticks inject into the host at different
phases of its feeding cycle. This data set has identified proteins that A.
americanum inject into the host within 24-48 h of feeding before it starts to
transmit pathogens. Of high importance, we identified 284 proteins that are present
in saliva of other tick species, which we suspect regulate important role(s) in
tick feeding success and might represent rich source target antigens for a tick
vaccine. Overall, this study provides a foundation to understand the molecular
mechanisms regulating tick feeding physiology.
Amblyomma americanum ticks transmit more than a third of human tick-borne
disease (TBD) agents in the United States. Tick saliva proteins are critical to
success of ticks as vectors of TBD agents, and thus might serve as targets in tick
antigen-based vaccines to prevent TBD infections. We describe a systems biology
approach to identify, by LC-MS/MS, saliva proteins (tick = 1182, rabbit = 335) that
A. americanum ticks likely inject into the host every 24 h during the first 8 days
of feeding, and towards the end of feeding. Searching against entries in GenBank
grouped tick and rabbit proteins into 27 and 25 functional categories. Aside from
housekeeping-like proteins, majority of tick saliva proteins belong to the tick-
specific (no homology to non-tick organisms: 32%), protease inhibitors (13%),
proteases (8%), glycine-rich proteins (6%) and lipocalins (4%) categories. Global
secretion dynamics analysis suggests that majority (74%) of proteins in this study
are associated with regulating initial tick feeding functions and transmission of
pathogens as they are secreted within 24-48 h of tick attachment. Comparative
analysis of the A. americanum tick saliva proteome to five other tick saliva
proteomes identified 284 conserved tick saliva proteins: we speculate that these
regulate critical tick feeding functions and might serve as tick vaccine antigens.
We discuss our findings in the context of understanding A. americanum tick feeding
physiology as a means through which we can find effective targets for a vaccine
against tick feeding.
C1 [Kim, Tae Kwon; Tirloni, Lucas; Mulenga, Albert] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med,
Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Tirloni, Lucas; da Silva Vaz, Itabajara, Jr.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Ctr
Biotecnol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
[Pinto, Antonio F. M.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Fdn Peptide Biol Lab, 10010 N
Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Pinto, Antonio F. M.; Diedrich, Jolene K.; Moresco, James J.; Yates, John R.,
III] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Diedrich, Jolene K.; Moresco, James J.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Mass
Spectrometry Core, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[da Silva Vaz, Itabajara, Jr.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Vet, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil.
C3 Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station;
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Salk Institute; Scripps
Research Institute; Salk Institute; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul
RP Mulenga, A (corresponding author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet
Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM amulenga@cvm.tamu.edu
RI Tirloni, Lucas/AAH-3104-2019; Tirloni, Lucas/G-9170-2015; da Silva Vaz
Jr, Itabajara/A-5943-2009
OI Tirloni, Lucas/0000-0003-4582-7100; Tirloni, Lucas/0000-0003-4582-7100;
Pinto, Antonio/0000-0002-1573-8011; Diedrich,
Jolene/0000-0001-6489-4558; Moresco, James/0000-0003-1178-1642; da Silva
Vaz Jr, Itabajara/0000-0003-0309-9328; Mulenga,
Albert/0000-0002-5029-1198
FU National Institutes of Health [AI081093, AI093858, AI074789,
AI074789-01A1S1]; National Center for Research Resources [5P41RR011823];
National Institute of General Medical Sciences [8P41GM103533]
FX This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grants
(AI081093, AI093858, AI074789, AI074789-01A1S1) to AM and National
Center for Research Resources (5P41RR011823) and National Institute of
General Medical Sciences (8P41GM103533) to JRY. The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 158
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 10
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1935-2735
J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D
JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis.
PD FEB
PY 2020
VL 14
IS 2
AR e0007758
DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007758
PG 32
WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
GA KT7ZN
UT WOS:000519231700051
PM 32049966
OA Green Submitted, Green Published, gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Krishnan, A
Finkelstein, EA
Kallestrup, P
Karki, A
Olsen, MH
Neupane, D
AF Krishnan, Anirudh
Finkelstein, Eric Andrew
Kallestrup, Per
Karki, Arjun
Olsen, Michael Hecht
Neupane, Dinesh
TI Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the community-based management
of hypertension in Nepal study (COBIN): a retrospective analysis
SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL; DEVELOPING-COUNTRY; DISEASE; PREVALENCE
AB Background The greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease is hypertension,
which can be alleviated via diet, exercise, and adherence to medication. Yet, blood
pressure control in Nepal is inadequate, which is partly hindered by a lack of
evidence-based, low-cost, scalable, and cost-effective cardiovascular disease
prevention programmes. The the community-based management of hypertension in Nepal
(COBIN) study was a 12-month community-based hypertension management programme of
blood pressure monitoring and lifestyle counselling intervention undertaken by
female community health volunteers (FCHVs) in Nepal, against usual care, which
showed success in reducing blood pressure. Here we aimed to retrospectively
quantify the budget impact and cost-effectiveness of the scale-up of the programme.
Methods In this retrospective analysis, we collected participant-level data from
the COBIN study; programme delivery cost data from programme administrators from
the COBIN study group; and popualtion and other data from WHO, the World Bank, and
the Nepalese Government. We estimated costs per participant and total costs of a
national scale-up of the CO BIN programme focusing on two scenarios: scenario A,
delivery of the intervention to only people aged 25-65 years with hypertension; and
scenario B, delivery of the intervention to all adults aged 25-65 years regardless
of hypertension status. Effectiveness was based on in-trial blood pressure
reductions converted to cardiovascular disease disability-adjusted life-years
(DALYs) averted. The primary cost-effectiveness measure was incremental cost per
averted cardiovascular disease DALY (calculated using the incremental cost-
effectiveness ratio [ICER]) from a health system perspective, including programme
delivery and incremental medication costs. We did univariate sensitivity analyses
of scenario B to assess the effect of uncertainty in key parameter values in our
calculations.
Findings From a health system perspective, the first-year budget impact was
US$7.1 million in scenario A and $10.8 million in scenario B. With each subsequent
year, the costs decreased by approximately 50%. In the base-case cost-effectiveness
analysis, from the health system perspective, scenario A resulted in an ICER of
$582 per DALY averted and scenario B resulted in an ICER of $411 per DALY averted.
The ICER was most sensitive to uncertainty in the number of total avertable
cardiovascular disease DALYs in the eligible population.
Interpretation The programme is projected to be highly cost-effective in both
scenarios compared with the WHO thresholds for cost-effectiveness for Nepal. For
policy makers intending to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goal of reducing
premature mortality from non-communicible diseases, this intervention should be
considered. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Krishnan, Anirudh; Finkelstein, Eric Andrew] Duke NUS Med Sch, Program Hlth
Serv & Syst Res, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
[Kallestrup, Per] Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark.
[Karki, Arjun] Patan Acad Hlth Sci, Lagankhel, Lalitpur, Nepal.
[Olsen, Michael Hecht] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Internal Med, Odense,
Denmark.
[Neupane, Dinesh] Nepal Dev Soc, Bharatpur 10, Chitwan, Nepal.
[Neupane, Dinesh] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Welch Ctr Prevent
Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD USA.
C3 National University of Singapore; Aarhus University; University of
Southern Denmark; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health
RP Finkelstein, EA (corresponding author), Duke NUS Med Sch, Program Hlth Serv &
Syst Res, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
EM eric.finkelstein@duke-nus.edu.sg
RI Olsen, Michael H/H-8176-2014; Kallestrup, Per/AAA-8313-2022
OI Kallestrup, Per/0000-0001-6041-4510; Olsen, Michael
Hecht/0000-0003-2230-5780; Krishnan, Anirudh/0000-0002-1958-0047
FU Aarhus University Scholarship; Nepal Development Society - Duke-NUS
Medical School; Resolve to Save Lives - Bloomberg Philanthropies; Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation; Gates Philanthropy Partners; Chan Zuckerberg
Initiative
FX The original community-based management of hypertension in Nepal (COBIN)
study was funded by Aarhus University Scholarship, Jayanti Memorial
Trust, and Nepal Development Society. The present study was funded by an
internal grant from Duke-NUS Medical School. We thank the female
community health volunteers, staff, and individuals who participated in
the study. We thank Hari Pokharel, Pabitra Babu Soti, and Sharmila
Parajuli for keeping all financial records related to COBIN study
expenses; and Bryan Patenaude for valuable comments that helped refine
the methods and discussion. DN receives support from Resolve to Save
Lives, an initiative of Vital Strategies, which is funded by Bloomberg
Philanthropies, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Gates
Philanthropy Partners, which is funded with support from the Chan
Zuckerberg Initiative.
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NR 28
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2214-109X
J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH
JI Lancet Glob. Health
PD OCT
PY 2019
VL 7
IS 10
BP E1367
EP E1374
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30338-9
PG 8
(SSCI)
GA IX7NN
UT WOS:000485871100032
PM 31537367
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Rivera-Romero, O
Olmo, A
Munoz, R
Stiefel, P
Miranda, ML
Beltran, LM
AF Rivera-Romero, Octavio
Olmo, Alberto
Munoz, Rocio
Stiefel, Pablo
Luisa Miranda, Maria
Beltran, Luis M.
TI Mobile Health Solutions for Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: Scoping
Literature Review
SO JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH
LA English
DT Review
DE pregnancy; hypertension; pre-eclampsia; blood pressure; telemedicine
ID GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE;
NEONATAL OUTCOMES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT-GAIN; LATER
LIFE; PREECLAMPSIA; WOMEN
AB Background: Hypertensive disorders are the most common complications during
pregnancy, occurring in 5% to 11% of pregnancies; gestational hypertension and
preeclampsia are the leading causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity and
mortality, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) where maternal and
perinatal mortality ratios are still high. Pregnant women with hypertensive
disorders could greatly benefit from mobile health (mHealth) solutions as a novel
way to identify and control early symptoms, as shown in an increasing number of
publications in the field. Such digital health solutions may overcome access
limiting factors and the lack of skilled medical professionals and finances
commonly presented in resource-poor environments.
Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of mHealth
solutions used as support in hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, with the
objective to identify the most relevant protocols and prototypes that could
influence and improve current clinical practice.
Methods: A methodological review following a scoping methodology was conducted.
Manuscripts published in research journals reporting technical information of
mHealth solutions for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were included,
categorizing articles in different groups: Diagnosis and Monitoring, mHealth
Decision Support System, Education, and Health Promotion, and seven research
questions were posed to study the manuscripts.
Results: The search in electronic research databases yielded 327 articles. After
removing duplicates, 230 articles were selected for screening. Finally, 11 articles
met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted from them. Very positive
results in the improvement of maternal health and acceptability of solutions were
found, although most of the studies involved a small number of participants, and
none were complete clinical studies. Accordingly, none of the reported prototypes
were integrated in the different health care systems. Only 4 studies used sensors
for physiological measurements, and only 2 used blood pressure sensors despite the
importance of this physiological parameter in the control of hypertension. The
reported mHealth solutions have great potential to improve clinical practice in
areas lacking skilled medical professionals or with a low health care budget, of
special relevance in LMIC, although again, no extensive clinical validation has
been carried out in these environments.
Conclusions: mHealth solutions hold enormous potential to support hypertensive
disorders during pregnancy and improve current clinical practice. Although very
positive results have been reported in terms of usability and the improvement of
maternal health, rigorous complete clinical trials are still necessary to support
integration in health care systems. There is a clear need for simple mHealth
solutions specifically developed for resource-poor environments that meet the
United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG); of enormous interest in LMIC.
C1 [Rivera-Romero, Octavio; Olmo, Alberto] Univ Seville, Dept Elect Technol,
Seville, Spain.
[Munoz, Rocio; Stiefel, Pablo; Luisa Miranda, Maria; Beltran, Luis M.] Univ
Seville, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Lab Hipertens Arterial & Hipercolesterolemia,
Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS,Serv Andaluz Salud, Seville, Spain.
[Stiefel, Pablo; Luisa Miranda, Maria; Beltran, Luis M.] Hosp Univ Virgen del
Rocio, Seville, Spain.
C3 University of Sevilla; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas
(CSIC); University of Sevilla; CSIC-JA-USE - Instituto de Biomedicina de
Sevilla (IBIS); Virgen del Rocio University Hospital
RP Rivera-Romero, O (corresponding author), Univ Seville, Dept Elect Technol, ETSI
Informat, Avda Reina Mercedes S-N, E-41012 Seville, Spain.
EM orivera@us.es
RI Rivera, Octavio/I-5281-2017; Stiefel García-Junco, Pablo/GSI-6577-2022;
Beltrán-Romero, Luis M./H-5479-2017
OI Beltrán-Romero, Luis M./0000-0001-8048-9106; Stiefel Garcia-Junco, Pablo
Enrique/0000-0002-6668-5466; Olmo, Alberto/0000-0001-6388-4462
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NR 93
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 29
PU JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
PI TORONTO
PA 59 WINNERS CIRCLE, TORONTO, ON M4L 3Y7, CANADA
SN 2291-5222
J9 JMIR MHEALTH UHEALTH
JI JMIR mHealth uHealth
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 6
IS 5
AR e130
DI 10.2196/mhealth.9671
PG 15
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics
GA GH6WS
UT WOS:000433585400002
PM 29848473
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Mnyani, CN
Buchmann, EJ
Chersich, MF
Frank, KA
McIntyre, JA
AF Mnyani, Coceka N.
Buchmann, Eckhart J.
Chersich, Matthew F.
Frank, Karlyn A.
McIntyre, James A.
TI Trends in maternal deaths in HIV-infected women, on a background of
changing HIV management guidelines in South Africa: 1997 to 2015
SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE maternal mortality; HIV-infected pregnant women; antiretroviral therapy;
HIV treatment guidelines; South Africa; high HIV prevalence
ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; OPTION B PLUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SYSTEMATIC
ANALYSIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; MORTALITY; TUBERCULOSIS; METAANALYSIS;
INTEGRATION; RETENTION
AB Introduction: As work begins towards the Sustainable Development Goal target of
reducing the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 70 deaths per
100,000 live births by 2030, much needs to be done in ending preventable maternal
deaths. After 1990, South Africa experienced a reversal of gains in decreasing
maternal mortality, with an increase in HIV-related maternal deaths. In this study,
we assessed trends in maternal mortality in HIV-infected women, on a background of
an evolving HIV care programme.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective record review of maternal
deaths in the obstetrics unit at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, in
Johannesburg, South Africa, a referral hospital in a high HIV prevalence setting
where the prevalence among pregnant women has plateaued around 29.0% for the past
decade. Trends in HIV diagnosis and management in pregnancy, and causes of maternal
deaths in HIV-infected women were analysed over different time periods (1997 to
2003, 2004 to 2009, 2010 to 2012, and 2013 to 2015) reflecting major guideline
changes.
Results: From January 1997 to December 2015, there were 692 maternal deaths in
the obstetrics unit. Of the 490 (70.8%) maternal deaths with a documented HIV
status, 335 (68.4%) were HIV-infected. A Chi-squared test for trends showed that
the institutional MMR (iMMR) in women known to be HIV-infected peaked in the period
2004 to 2009 at 380 (95% CI 319 to 446) per 100,000 live births, with a decline to
267 (95% CI 198 to 353) in 2013 to 2015, p = 0.049. This decrease coincided with
changes in the South African HIV management guidelines, mainly increased
availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Non-pregnancy related infections were
the leading cause of death throughout the review period, accounting for 61.5%
(206/335) of deaths. Only 23.3% (78/335) of the women who died were on ART at the
time of death, this in the context of advanced immune suppression and an overall
median CD4 count of 136 cells/mu l (interquartile ranges (IQR) 45 to 301).
Conclusion: In this 19-year review of maternal deaths in Johannesburg, South
Africa, there was evidence of a decrease in the iMMR among HIV-infected women, but
it remains unacceptably high. Efforts to address drivers of mortality and barriers
to accessing ART need to be accelerated if we are to see substantial decreases in
maternal mortality.
C1 [Mnyani, Coceka N.; Buchmann, Eckhart J.; Frank, Karlyn A.] Univ Witwatersrand,
Sch Clin Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Mnyani, Coceka N.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South
Africa.
[Mnyani, Coceka N.] Stellenbosch Univ, SACEMA DST NRF Ctr Excellence Epidemiol
Modelling, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
[Chersich, Matthew F.] Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Reprod Hlth & HIV Inst, Fac Hlth
Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Chersich, Matthew F.] Univ Ghent, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Int Ctr Reprod Hlth,
Ghent, Belgium.
[McIntyre, James A.] Anova Hlth Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[McIntyre, James A.] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Cape Town,
South Africa.
C3 University of Witwatersrand; University of Witwatersrand; Stellenbosch
University; University of Witwatersrand; Ghent University; University of
Cape Town
RP Mnyani, CN (corresponding author), Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, 7 York Rd,
ZA-2193 Johannesburg, South Africa.
EM coceka.mnyani@wits.ac.za
RI McIntyre, James/V-7115-2019
OI chersich, matthew/0000-0002-4320-9168
FU Carnegie Corporation of New York PhD Fellowship [B 8749.RO1]; SACEMA
(DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and
Analysis); Stellenbosch University; Anova Health Institute through the
US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) via the US Agency
for International Development [674-A-00-08-00,009-00]
FX The study was funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York PhD
Fellowship (grant number: B 8749.RO1), SACEMA (DST/NRF Centre of
Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis), Stellenbosch
University, and Anova Health Institute through the US President's
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) via the US Agency for
International Development, under Cooperative Agreement No.
674-A-00-08-00,009-00. The funders had no role in interpretation of
data, or writing of the manuscript, and the views expressed in the
manuscript are those of the authors.
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NR 37
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 4
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
EI 1758-2652
J9 J INT AIDS SOC
JI J. Int. AIDS Soc.
PD NOV 27
PY 2017
VL 20
AR e25022
DI 10.1002/jia2.25022
PG 11
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA FR2CG
UT WOS:000418874000001
PM 29178578
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Cao, YB
Wang, BT
Guo, HY
Xiao, HJ
Wei, TT
AF Cao, Yuanbo
Wang, Baitian
Guo, Hongyan
Xiao, Huijie
Wei, Tingting
TI The effect of super absorbent polymers on soil and water conservation on
the terraces of the loess plateau
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE SAPs; Artificial rainfall; Soil and water conservation; Soil physical
and chemical properties; Loess plateau
ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER; EROSION; CHINA;
AGRICULTURE; RETENTION; LANDSCAPE; NITROGEN; STORAGE; IMPACT
AB The loess plateau of northern China has always been severely affected by drought
and rainfall, impacting ecological integrity and sustainable development in
particular. Super-absorbent polymers (SAPS) can relieve the pressure of water
shortages and change the process of rainfall-runoff. In this study, SAPs were mixed
with soil in percentages(weight ratio) of 0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% and 2%; then,
these mixtures were applied in 5 cm depth layers in runoff plots of 5 m x 4 m for
every treatment (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). Artificial rainfall intensity was controlled
at 40 mm/h, and the rainfall duration was 0.5 h when the soil physical and chemical
properties were surveyed. With SAPs, the initial runoff time of different
treatments increased by 21.5-102.7%; the amount of surface runoff decreased
remarkably; the SAPs could reduce the loss of soil and water: the runoff reduction
effect was 24.6% (T1), 41.5% (T2), 46.5% (T3), 50.7% (T4), and 60.6%(T5); the
sediment reduction effect was very significant at 58.8% (T1), 74.1% (T2), 85.6%
(T3), 80.9% (T4), and 75% (T5); and the lowest losses of total nitrogen (TN 0.09
kg), total phosphorus (TP 5.02 g) and total potassium (TK 0.08 kg) were measured in
T3,with 14.9%, 14.2% and 13.1% that of the control (CK), respectively. The soil
moisture content increased by 19.2%, 32.5%, 33.5% and 31.3% compared to CK in the
different soil layers; SAPs could raise the soil temperature by 0.72 degrees C (T5)
and lower the soil temperature by 0.53 degrees C (T5) in September and July,
respectively. The aboveground biomass and underground biomass of the treatments
increased by a maximum value of 84.4% in T3, which was 38% greater than CK, and the
vegetation in T3 (44 kinds) was the most abundant and it was 69.2% more than CK (26
kinds). The effect was not always positively correlated with the percentage of
SAPs. The application of SAPs in this study showed a comprehensive utility (soil
erosion prevention, redistribution of soil water and temperature, maintenance of
fertility and the synergy between SAPs and plants), which suggest that the most
basic goal, to ensure socio-economic and ecological sustainability in dryland
systems, is obtained. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cao, Yuanbo; Wang, Baitian; Guo, Hongyan; Xiao, Huijie] Beijing Forestry Univ,
Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Wei, Tingting] China Natl Gold Grp Corp, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University
RP Wang, BT (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water
Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM wbaitian@bjfu.edu.cn
FU Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
[XDAO5050203-04-01]
FX We would like to thank Dr. Ruijun Wang and Dening Li for their help
during field sampling and Prof. Zhi Li for her language instruction
during thesis writing. This research was supported by the Strategic
Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
(XDAO5050203-04-01).
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NR 53
TC 32
Z9 47
U1 5
U2 82
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
EI 1872-6992
J9 ECOL ENG
JI Ecol. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2017
VL 102
BP 270
EP 279
DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.043
PG 10
WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
GA ES5YX
UT WOS:000399623700029
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Zaheer, MU
Burdett, C
Steneroden, K
Case, S
Weber, S
Salman, M
Rao, S
Magzamen, S
AF Zaheer, Muhammad Usman
Burdett, Christopher
Steneroden, Katie
Case, Shaun
Weber, Steve
Salman, Mo
Rao, Sangeeta
Magzamen, Sheryl
TI Estimating the location of individual livestock holdings and their
populations in two developing countries for use in spatial disease
spread models
SO NJAS-WAGENINGEN JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Spatially-explicit models; Foot-and-Mouth disease; Developing countries;
Preparedness planning; FMD-endemic countries; Animal disease modeling
ID ALTERNATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES; MOUTH-DISEASE; SIMULATION-MODEL; FOOT;
EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; ISLAMABAD; IMPACT; VACCINATION; PREVALENCE
AB Infectious diseases of food animals, such as Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), pose
severe impacts on animal trade, animal products and subsequently endanger global
food security. FMD is endemic in many parts of the world and is associated with
substantial economic losses, which require risk assessments, preparedness planning,
and evaluation of the effectiveness of mitigation strategies that fit within a
country's sociopolitical and socioeconomic constraints. Spatially-explicit
stochastic simulation models (SESS) have become a common tool for estimating the
spread and impact of FMD. SESS models incorporate uncertainty in the input and
output parameters, heterogeneity in disease processes, and integrate geographic
locations and spatial proximity of holdings that affect their relative exposure and
transmission risk. An essential input to these models is locational data for
holdings of animals and associated animal populations in each holding.
Several efforts have been made to predict the location and population of
livestock holdings or population density at different spatial resolutions. These
methods or data cannot be used in developing countries because either the data is
too coarse, or the inputs required for the methods are not available in resource-
limited countries. As such, there is a need to adapt the practical and reliable
existing methods to generate simulated datasets depicting the location and
population of individual livestock holdings in developing countries for use in SESS
models.
We generated spatially-resolved simulated datasets for the location and
population density of individual livestock holdings in Pakistan and Thailand.
Firstly, we microsimulated and downscaled the census data to individual holdings
based on statistical distributions. Second, geospatial probability surfaces were
created based on a survey of expert veterinarians and empirical holding locations.
Third, holdings were randomly placed on the probability surface based on a set of
rules. These holdings were assigned population of livestock by joining downscaled
data and random holdings. The combined dataset on the location and population of
individual livestock holdings was, finally, used to generate the density of
holdings.
To our knowledge, this was the first attempt to estimate the locations and
populations of individual livestock holdings in developing countries. These data
pave the way for the application of SESS models in developing countries to
understand the spread of FMD and evaluate mitigation strategies. The control of
such an important animal disease would improve livestock health, improve economic
gains for producers, and help alleviate poverty and hunger, which will complement
efforts to attain the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
C1 [Zaheer, Muhammad Usman; Steneroden, Katie; Weber, Steve; Salman, Mo; Rao,
Sangeeta] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst,
Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Burdett, Christopher] Colorado State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Biol, Ft Collins,
CO 80523 USA.
[Case, Shaun] Colorado State Univ, Walter Scott Jr Coll Engn, Dept Civil &
Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Magzamen, Sheryl] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm
& Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
C3 Colorado State University; Colorado State University; Colorado State
University; Colorado State University
RP Magzamen, S (corresponding author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed
Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM Sheryl.Magzamen@ColoState.EDU
OI Case, Shaun/0000-0002-1206-8980
FU US Department of State through the Pakistan Fulbright Scholarship
Program
FX No specific funding was received for this project. The doctoral program
of the primary author was, however, funded by the US Department of State
through the Pakistan Fulbright Scholarship Program.
CR [Anonymous], 2018, LIVESTOCK CENSUS PUN
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NR 69
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU ROYAL NETHERLANDS SOC AGR SCI
PI WAGENINGEN
PA POSTBOX 79, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SN 1573-5214
EI 2212-1307
J9 NJAS-WAGEN J LIFE SC
JI NJAS-Wagen. J. Life Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2020
VL 92
AR 100334
DI 10.1016/j.njas.2020.100334
PG 18
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA OS3KY
UT WOS:000590065400023
OA hybrid
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Altare, C
Malembaka, EB
Tosha, M
Hook, C
Ba, H
Bikoro, SM
Scognamiglio, T
Tappis, H
Pfaffmann, J
Balaluka, GB
Boerma, T
Spiegel, P
AF Altare, Chiara
Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge
Tosha, Maphie
Hook, Christopher
Ba, Hamady
Bikoro, Stephane Muzindusi
Scognamiglio, Thea
Tappis, Hannah
Pfaffmann, Jerome
Balaluka, Ghislain Bisimwa
Boerma, Ties
Spiegel, Paul
TI Health services for women, children and adolescents in conflict affected
settings: experience from North and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of
Congo
SO CONFLICT AND HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Health services; health system; Conflict; Population displacement; North
Kivu; South Kivu; Democratic Republic of Congo; Maternal; Newborn;
Child; Reproductive health
ID WORKERS
AB BackgroundInsecurity has characterized the Eastern regions of the Democratic
Republic of Congo for decades. Providing health services to sustain women's and
children's health during protracted conflict is challenging. This mixed-methods
case study aimed to describe how reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, adolescent
health and nutrition (RMNCAH+N) services have been offered in North and South Kivu
since 2000 and how successful they were.MethodsWe conducted a case study using a
desk review of publicly available literature, secondary analysis of survey and
health information system data, and primary qualitative interviews. The qualitative
component provides insights on factors shaping RMNCAH+N design and implementation.
We conducted 49 interviews with government officials, humanitarian agency staff and
facility-based healthcare providers, and focus group discussions with community
health workers in four health zones (Minova, Walungu, Ruanguba, Mweso). We applied
framework analysis to investigate key themes across informants.The quantitative
component used secondary data from nationwide surveys and the national health
facility information system to estimate coverage of RMNCAH+N interventions at
provincial and sub-provincial level. The association between insecurity on service
provision was examined with random effects generalized least square models using
health facility data from South Kivu.ResultsCoverage of selected preventive
RMNCAH+N interventions seems high in North and South Kivu, often higher than the
national level. Health facility data show a small negative association of
insecurity and preventive service coverage within provinces. However, health
outcomes are poorer in conflict-affected territories than in stable ones. The main
challenges to service provisions identified by study respondents are the
availability and retention of skilled personnel, the lack of basic materials and
equipment as well as the insufficient financial resources to ensure health workers'
regular payment, medicaments' availability and facilities' running costs.
Insecurity exacerbates pre-existing challenges, but do not seem to represent the
main barrier to service provision in North and South Kivu.ConclusionsProvision of
preventive schedulable RMNCAH+N services has continued during intermittent conflict
in North and South Kivu. The prolonged effort by non-governmental organizations and
UN agencies to respond to humanitarian needs was likely key in maintaining
intervention coverage despite conflict. Health actors and communities appear to
have adapted to changing levels and nature of insecurity and developed strategies
to ensure preventive services are provided and accessed. However, emergency non-
schedulable RMNCAH+N interventions do not appear to be readily accessible.
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals will require increased access to life-
saving interventions, especially for newborn and pregnant women.
C1 [Altare, Chiara; Hook, Christopher; Scognamiglio, Thea; Tappis, Hannah; Spiegel,
Paul] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Humanitarian Hlth, Dept Int Hlth,
Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
[Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge; Balaluka, Ghislain Bisimwa] Univ Catholique Bukavu,
Ecole Reg Sante Publ, ERSP, Fac Med, Bukavu, DEM REP CONGO.
[Tosha, Maphie] Fdn RamaLevina, Bukavu, DEM REP CONGO.
[Ba, Hamady; Bikoro, Stephane Muzindusi] United Nations Childrens Fund, Bukavu,
DEM REP CONGO.
[Pfaffmann, Jerome] United Nations Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA.
[Boerma, Ties] Univ Manitoba, Rady Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Community Hlth Sci,
Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
C3 Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health; UNICEF; University of Manitoba
RP Altare, C (corresponding author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr
Humanitarian Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM chiara.altare@jhu.edu
RI Spiegel, Paul/AAL-3238-2021; Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge/AAX-3532-2020;
Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge/AAU-6736-2020; Tappis, Hannah/F-5005-2011
OI Spiegel, Paul/0000-0002-6158-6661; Malembaka, Espoir
Bwenge/0000-0001-9306-0253; BISIMWA BALALUKA,
Ghislain/0000-0003-4799-1115; Tappis, Hannah/0000-0002-4289-5418;
Altare, Chiara/0000-0002-3410-0427
FU Centre for Global Child Health at the Hospital for Sick Children
(SickKids) [129570]; International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
[108416-002, 108640-001]; Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
(Norad) [QZA-16/0395]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1171560];
UNICEF [PCA 20181204]; Family Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation
FX Funding for this study was provided through a subgrant from the Centre
for Global Child Health at the Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)
(129570), with travel and meeting costs supported directly by Aga Khan
University and the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
(PMNCH). As coordinator of the BRANCH Consortium (Bridging Research &
Action in Conflict Settings for the Health of Women & Children), the
SickKids Centre for Global Child Health has received funding for BRANCH
research activities from the International Development Research Centre
(IDRC) (108416-002 & 108640-001), the Norwegian Agency for Development
Cooperation (Norad) (QZA-16/0395), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
(OPP1171560), and UNICEF (PCA 20181204). Aga Khan University has
received funding for BRANCH activities from the Family
Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation.
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NR 52
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU BMC
PI LONDON
SN 1752-1505
J9 CONFL HEALTH
JI Confl. Health
PD MAY 27
PY 2020
VL 14
IS 1
DI 10.1186/s13031-020-00265-1
PG 19
(SSCI)
GA LU8TF
UT WOS:000538020600003
PM 32514296
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Hughes, K
Bellis, MA
Hardcastle, KA
Sethi, D
Butchart, A
Mikton, C
Jones, L
Dunne, MP
AF Hughes, Karen
Bellis, Mark A.
Hardcastle, Katherine A.
Sethi, Dinesh
Butchart, Alexander
Mikton, Christopher
Jones, Lisa
Dunne, Michael P.
TI The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a
systematic review and meta-analysis
SO LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Review
ID RISK BEHAVIORS; VIOLENCE PREVENTION; SUBSTANCE USE; ADULTS; ABUSE;
ASSOCIATIONS; MALTREATMENT; HOUSEHOLD; STRESS; IMPACT
AB Background A growing body of research identifies the harmful effects that
adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; occurring during childhood or adolescence; eg,
child maltreatment or exposure to domestic violence) have on health throughout
life. Studies have quantified such effects for individual ACEs. However, ACEs
frequently co-occur and no synthesis of findings from studies measuring the effect
of multiple ACE types has been done.
Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched five electronic
databases for cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies published up to May
6, 2016, reporting risks of health outcomes, consisting of substance use, sexual
health, mental health, weight and physical exercise, violence, and physical health
status and conditions, associated with multiple ACEs. We selected articles that
presented risk estimates for individuals with at least four ACEs compared with
those with none for outcomes with sufficient data for meta-analysis (at least four
populations). Included studies also focused on adults aged at least 18 years with a
sample size of at least 100. We excluded studies based on high-risk or clinical
populations. We extracted data from published reports. We calculated pooled odds
ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model.
Findings Of 11 621 references identified by the search, 37 included studies
provided risk estimates for 23 outcomes, with a total of 253 719 participants.
Individuals with at least four ACEs were at increased risk of all health outcomes
compared with individuals with no ACEs. Associations were weak or modest for
physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, and diabetes (ORs of less than two);
moderate for smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor self-rated health, cancer, heart
disease, and respiratory disease (ORs of two to three), strong for sexual risk
taking, mental ill health, and problematic alcohol use (ORs of more than three to
six), and strongest for problematic drug use and interpersonal and self-directed
violence (ORs of more than seven). We identified considerable heterogeneity (I-2 of
>75%) between estimates for almost half of the outcomes.
Interpretation To have multiple ACEs is a major risk factor for many health
conditions. The outcomes most strongly associated with multiple ACEs represent ACE
risks for the next generation (eg, violence, mental illness, and substance use). To
sustain improvements in public health requires a shift in focus to include
prevention of ACEs, resilience building, and ACE-informed service provision. The
Sustainable Development Goals provide a global platform to reduce ACEs and their
life-course effect on health. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier
Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
C1 [Hughes, Karen; Bellis, Mark A.] Bangor Univ, Coll Hlth & Behav Sci, Bangor,
Gwynedd, Wales.
[Hughes, Karen; Bellis, Mark A.; Hardcastle, Katherine A.] Publ Hlth Wales,
Directorate Policy Res & Int Dev, Clwydian House, Wrexham LL13 7YP, Wales.
[Sethi, Dinesh] WHO, Div NonCommunicable Dis & Promoting Hlth Life Cou, Reg Off
Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Butchart, Alexander] WHO, Dept Management Noncommunicable Dis Disabil Viole,
Geneva, Switzerland.
[Mikton, Christopher] Univ West England, Fac Hlth & Appl Sci, Bristol, Avon,
England.
[Jones, Lisa] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside,
England.
[Dunne, Michael P.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Work,
Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
C3 Bangor University; World Health Organization; World Health Organization;
University of West England; Liverpool John Moores University; Queensland
University of Technology (QUT)
RP Bellis, MA (corresponding author), Publ Hlth Wales, Directorate Policy Res & Int
Dev, Clwydian House, Wrexham LL13 7YP, Wales.
EM m.a.bellis@bangor.ac.uk
RI Bellis, Mark A./HGA-2019-2022
OI Jones, Lisa/0000-0001-5136-5614; Hughes, Karen/0000-0001-8097-3395;
Bellis, Mark/0000-0001-6980-1963
FU Public Health Wales
FX Public Health Wales.
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NR 66
TC 1771
Z9 1786
U1 86
U2 404
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2468-2667
J9 LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Lancet Public Health
PD AUG
PY 2017
VL 2
IS 8
BP E356
EP E366
PG 11
(SSCI)
GA FW8MG
UT WOS:000425587900011
PM 29253477
OA Green Published, Green Accepted, gold
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Hay, L
Duffy, A
Whitfield, RI
AF Hay, Laura
Duffy, Alex
Whitfield, R. I.
TI The Sustainability Cycle and Loop: Models for a more unified
understanding of sustainability
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Review
DE Sustainability; Sustainability goals; Sustainability indicators;
Sustainability model; Activity sustainability
ID AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY; ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT; ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY; INDICATOR DEVELOPMENT; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES;
NATURAL-RESOURCES; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; SCIENCE; FRAMEWORK
AB In spite of the considerable research on sustainability, reports suggest that we
are barely any closer to a more sustainable society. As such, there is an urgent
need to improve the effectiveness of human efforts towards sustainability. A
clearer and more unified understanding of sustainability among different people and
sectors could help to facilitate this. This paper presents the results of an
inductive literature investigation, aiming to develop models to explain the nature
of sustainability in the Earth system, and how humans can effectively strive for
it. The major contributions are two general and complementary models, that may be
applied in any context to provide a common basis for understanding sustainability:
the Sustainability Cycle (S-Cycle), and the Sustainability Loop (S-Loop).
Literature spanning multiple sectors is examined from the perspective of three
concepts, emerging as significant in relation to our aim. Systems are shown to
provide the context for human action towards sustainability, and the nature of the
Earth system and its sub-systems is explored. Activities are outlined as a
fundamental target that humans need to sustain, since they produce the entities
both needed and desired by society. The basic behaviour of activities operating in
the Earth system is outlined. Finally, knowledge is positioned as the driver of
human action towards sustainability, and the key components of knowledge involved
are examined. The S-Cycle and S-Loop models are developed via a process of
induction from the reviewed literature. The S-Cycle describes the operation of
activities in a system from the perspective of sustainability. The sustainability
of activities in a system depends upon the availability of resources, and the
availability of resources depends upon the rate that activities consume and produce
them. Humans may intervene in these dynamics via an iterative process of
interpretation and action, described in the S-Loop model. The models are briefly
applied to a system described in the literature. It is shown that the S-Loop may be
used to guide efforts towards sustainability in a particular system of interest, by
prescribing the basic activities involved. The S-Cycle may be applied complementary
to the S-Loop, to support the interpretation of activity behaviour described in the
latter. Given their general nature, the models provide the basis for a more unified
understanding of sustainability. It is hoped that their use may go some way towards
improving the effectiveness of human action towards sustainability. (C) 2013
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hay, Laura; Duffy, Alex; Whitfield, R. I.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Design
Manufacture & Engn Management, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland.
C3 University of Strathclyde
RP Hay, L (corresponding author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Design Manufacture & Engn
Management, 131 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland.
EM laura.hay@strath.ac.uk; alex.duffy@strath.ac.uk;
ian.whitfield@strath.ac.uk
RI Duffy, Alex/A-4040-2010
OI Duffy, Alex/0000-0002-5661-4314; Whitfield, Robert/0000-0002-1065-0395
FU University of Strathclyde; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
Council [1250059] Funding Source: researchfish
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Strathclyde for
funding the research documented in this paper through the award of a
University of Strathclyde Research Studentship. Thanks also to reviewer
#2, whose insights and suggestions were invaluable during the review
process.
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NR 148
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 9
U2 134
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD JAN 15
PY 2014
VL 133
BP 232
EP 257
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.048
PG 26
GA AA8JH
UT WOS:000331341300026
PM 24388926
OA Green Accepted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Nannoni, E
Aarnink, AJA
Vermeer, HM
Reimert, I
Fels, M
Bracke, MBM
AF Nannoni, Eleonora
Aarnink, Andre J. A.
Vermeer, Herman M.
Reimert, Inonge
Fels, Michaela
Bracke, Marc B. M.
TI Soiling of Pig Pens: A Review of Eliminative Behaviour
SO ANIMALS
LA English
DT Review
DE animal welfare; pigs; eliminative behaviour; defecation; pen soiling;
hygiene
ID GROWING PIGS; FINISHING PIGS; HOUSING SYSTEMS; LYING BEHAVIOR; EXCRETORY
BEHAVIOR; AMMONIA EMISSION; SLATTED FLOOR; TEMPERATURE; WELFARE; STRAW
AB Simple Summary
The soiling of pig pens has important negative consequences in terms of animal
welfare, health, workload, and environmental emissions of pig farming. The aim of
this review is to present the state-of-the-art regarding pigs' normal eliminatory
behaviour (i.e., defaecation and urination) and pen soiling, aimed here at solving
pen-soiling problems in existing systems, and in a following publication aimed at
the design of a more sustainable pig-farming system. To this end, we summarize a
large body of literature on pen soiling and pigs' eliminative behaviour in
different farming systems. We propose a "disease framework" interpretation of pen
soiling, to help identify its causes, underlying mechanisms, and solutions.
This is a comprehensive review on the pigs' normal eliminatory behaviour (i.e.,
defaecation and urination) and pen soiling. This review is aimed primarily at
solving issues with pen soiling in current systems, and ultimately at the future
design of a well-functioning pig toilet, which we intend to elaborate on in a
subsequent publication. In this paper, first, normal elimination is described in
relation to what is known about its phylogeny, ontogeny, causation, and function,
i.e., according to Tinbergen's four why questions concerning animal behaviour.
Then, pen soiling is described as if it were a medical disorder, highlighting its
importance, aetiology, symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and
prevention. Due to its negative consequences in terms of animal welfare, health,
workload, and environmental emissions, possible methods to address pen soiling in
current systems are described. Probably, pigs do not choose a specific place to
eliminate but rather choose the most comfortable place for resting, and avoid
eliminating there. We identified four main strategies to reduce pen soiling: (1)
reducing the suitability of the designated elimination area to be used for other
functions, especially resting or thermoregulation; (2) improving the suitability of
other functional areas in the pen to be used for their specific function, such as
resting and activity; (3) reducing the suitability of other functional areas to be
used for elimination; and (4) improving the suitability of the elimination area for
elimination. These prevention strategies and the encompassing disease framework
provide a structured approach to deal with pen soiling in existing systems and to
support the future design, development, and implementation of a well-functioning
pig toilet that can help to achieve some of the main goals of modern pig
production, namely reducing environmental emissions as well as substantially
improving pig welfare.
C1 [Nannoni, Eleonora] Univ Bologna, Dept Vet Med Sci, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia,
Italy.
[Aarnink, Andre J. A.; Vermeer, Herman M.; Bracke, Marc B. M.] Wageningen Univ &
Res, Wageningen Livestock Res, NL-6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Reimert, Inonge] Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Anim Sci, Adaptat Physiol Grp, NL-
6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Fels, Michaela] Univ Vet Med, Inst Anim Hyg Anim Welf & Farm Anim Behav, D-
30173 Hannover, Germany.
C3 University of Bologna; Wageningen University & Research; Wageningen
University & Research; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
RP Bracke, MBM (corresponding author), Wageningen Univ & Res, Wageningen Livestock
Res, NL-6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands.
EM eleonora.nannoni2@unibo.it; andre.aarnink@wur.nl; herman.vermeer@wur.nl;
inonge.reimert@wur.nl; michaela.fels@tiho-hannover.de;
marc.bracke@wur.nl
RI Nannoni, Eleonora/R-8693-2017
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Herman/0000-0002-4095-9510; Fels, Michaela/0000-0001-9497-5121
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NR 87
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 5
U2 25
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2076-2615
J9 ANIMALS-BASEL
JI Animals
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 10
IS 11
AR 2025
DI 10.3390/ani10112025
PG 21
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
GA OX5UM
UT WOS:000593629400001
PM 33153115
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Aguilera, X
Delgado, I
Icaza, G
Apablaza, M
Villanueva, L
Castillo-Laborde, C
AF Aguilera, Ximena
Delgado, Iris
Icaza, Gloria
Apablaza, Mauricio
Villanueva, Loreto
Castillo-Laborde, Carla
TI Under five and infant mortality in Chile (1990-2016): Trends,
disparities, and causes of death
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNDER-5 MORTALITY
AB Background Child health has been a health policy priority for more than a
century in Chile. Since 2000, new health and intersectoral interventions have been
implemented. However, no recent analyses have explored child mortality and equity
in Chile, an indispensable input to guide policies towards the achievement of the
Sustainable Development Goals, specially, in the context of a deeply unequal
country such as many other Latin American countries. Thus, the objectives of this
study are to analyze the variations in the risk and the causes of death among
Chilean children aged <5 years, to identify the determinants, and to measure
inequality of infant mortality from 1990 to 2016. Materials and methods An
observational study was conducted to analyze the Chilean children's mortality from
1990 to 2016 using under five deaths and live births data from the Vital Statistics
System. To describe the variation in the risk of death, a time series analysis was
performed for each of the under five mortality rate components. A comparative cause
of death analysis was developed for Neonatal and 1-59 months' age groups. The
determinants of infant mortality were studied with a descriptive analysis of yearly
rates according to mother's and child factors and bivariate logistic regression
models at the individual level. Finally, simple and complex measures of inequality
at individual level were estimated considering three-year periods. Results
Regarding under 5 mortality: (i) Child survival has improved substantially in the
last three decades, with a rapid decline in under five mortality rate between 1990
and 2001, followed by a slower reduction; (ii) early neonatal mortality has become
the main component of the under five mortality rate (50.6%); (iii) congenital
abnormalities have positioned as the leading cause of death; (iv) an important
increase in live births below 1,000 grs. Regarding infant mortality: (i) birth
weight and gestational age are the two most relevant risk factors in the neonatal
period, while social variables are more significant for post-neonatal mortality
and, (ii) the inequality according to mother's education has shown a steady
decline, with persistent inequalities in post-neonatal period. Conclusions The
Chilean experience illustrates child health achievements and challenges in a
country that transitioned from middle-to high-income in recent decades. Although
inequity is one of the main challenges for the country, the health sector by
granting universal access was able to reduce disparities. However, closing the gap
in post-neonatal mortality is still challenging. To overcome stagnation in neonatal
mortality, new and specific strategies must address current priorities, emphasizing
the access of vulnerable groups.
C1 [Aguilera, Ximena; Delgado, Iris; Castillo-Laborde, Carla] Univ Desarrollo, Fac
Med, Ctr Epidemiol & Polit Salud CEPS, Santiago, Chile.
[Icaza, Gloria] Univ Talca, Inst Matemat & Fis, Programa Invest Asociat Canc
Gastr, Talca, Chile.
[Apablaza, Mauricio] Univ Desarrollo, Fac Gobierno, Santiago, Chile.
[Apablaza, Mauricio] Univ Oxford, Oxford Poverty & Human Dev Innitiat OPHI,
Oxford, England.
[Villanueva, Loreto] Univ Chile, Dept Promoc Salud Mujer & Recien Nacido,
Santiago, Chile.
C3 Universidad del Desarrollo; Universidad de Talca; Universidad del
Desarrollo; University of Oxford; Universidad de Chile
RP Aguilera, X (corresponding author), Univ Desarrollo, Fac Med, Ctr Epidemiol &
Polit Salud CEPS, Santiago, Chile.
EM xaguilera@udd.cl
RI aguilera, ximena/P-7682-2019; Aguilera, Ximena Paz/D-9861-2014;
Apablaza, Mauricio/G-7589-2016
OI aguilera, ximena/0000-0002-8153-6733; Aguilera, Ximena
Paz/0000-0002-8153-6733; Castillo-Laborde, Carla/0000-0001-6004-5882;
Apablaza, Mauricio/0000-0003-1306-3791; Villanueva Pabon, Loreto
Paola/0000-0001-8212-1487; Delgado, Iris/0000-0002-7021-3357
CR Abstracts from The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 2015, BREASTFEED MED, V10,
pS1
Aguilera X, 2014, PLOS MED, V11, DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001676
[Anonymous], 2017, J PEDIAT REHAB MED, V10, ps1
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NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD SEP 30
PY 2020
VL 15
IS 9
AR e0239974
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0239974
PG 17
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA NZ4YT
UT WOS:000577103100029
PM 32997709
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Barrenho, E
Miraldo, M
Shaikh, M
Atun, R
AF Barrenho, Eliana
Miraldo, Marisa
Shaikh, Mujaheed
Atun, Rifat
TI Vertical and horizontal equity of funding for malaria control: a global
multisource funding analysis for 2006-2010
SO BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HEALTH
AB Background International and domestic funding for malaria is critically
important to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Its equitable distribution
is key in ensuring that the available, scarce, resources are deployed efficiently
for improved progress and a sustained response that enables eradication.
Methods We used concentration curves and concentration indices to assess
inequalities in malaria funding by different donors across countries, measuring
both horizontal and vertical equity. Horizontal equity assesses whether funding is
distributed in proportion to health needs, whereas vertical equity examines whether
unequal economic needs are addressed by appropriately unequal funding. We computed
the Health Inequity Index and the Kakwani Index to assess the former and the
latter, respectively. We used data from the World Bank, Global Fund, Unicef,
President's Malaria Initiative and the Malaria Atlas Project to assess the
distribution of funding against need for 94 countries. National gross domestic
product per capita was used as a proxy for economic need and 'population-at-risk'
for health need.
Findings The level and direction of inequity varies across funding sources.
Unicef and the President's Malaria Initiative were the most horizontally
inequitable (pro-poor). Inequity as shown by the Health Inequity Index for Unicef
decreased from -0.40 (P<0.05) in 2006 to -0.25 (P<0.10) in 2008, and increased
again to -0.58 (P<0.01) in 2009. For President's Malaria Initiative, it increased
from -0.19 (P>0.10) in 2006 to -0.38 (P<0.05) in 2008, and decreased to -0.36
(P<0.10) in 2010. Domestic funding was inequitable (pro-rich) with inequity
increasing from 0.28 (P<0.01) in 2006 to 0.39 (P<0.01) in 2009, and then decreasing
to 0.22 (P<0.10) in 2010. Funding from the World Bank and the Global Fund was
distributed proportionally according to need. In terms of vertical inequity, all
sources were progressive: Unicef and the President's Malaria Initiative were the
most progressive with the Kakwani Indices ranging from -0.97 (P<0.01) to -1.29
(P<0.01), and -0.90 (P<0.01) to -1.10 (P<0.01), respectively.
Conclusion Our results suggest that external funding of malaria treatment tends
to be allocated to countries with higher health and economic need but not in
proportion to their relative health need and income when compared to other
countries. While malaria eradication might require funders to disproportionally
allocate funding that goes beyond (financial and health) need, our analysis
highlights that funders might potentially be targeting in excess certain countries.
Regular assessments of need and greater coordination among donors are necessary for
equitable resource allocation, to improve and sustain progress with malaria control
and elimination.
C1 [Barrenho, Eliana; Miraldo, Marisa] Imperial Coll London, Imperial Coll Business
Sch, Dept Management, London, England.
[Barrenho, Eliana; Miraldo, Marisa] Imperial Coll London, Imperial Coll Business
Sch, Ctr Hlth Econ & Policy Innovat, London, England.
[Shaikh, Mujaheed] Vienna Univ Econ & Business, Hlth Econ & Policy Div, Vienna,
Austria.
[Atun, Rifat] Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
C3 Imperial College London; Imperial College London; Vienna University of
Economics & Business; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health
RP Miraldo, M (corresponding author), Imperial Coll London, Imperial Coll Business
Sch, Dept Management, London, England.; Miraldo, M (corresponding author), Imperial
Coll London, Imperial Coll Business Sch, Ctr Hlth Econ & Policy Innovat, London,
England.
EM m.miraldo@imperial.ac.uk
RI Miraldo, Marisa/ABF-2584-2020; Atun, Rifat/AAH-5537-2021
OI Miraldo, Marisa/0000-0002-5772-7740; Atun, Rifat/0000-0002-1531-5983;
Shaikh, Mujaheed/0000-0002-4231-6631
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[Anonymous], 2011, WORLD MAL REP 2011
Canning D., 2015, AFRICAS DEMOGRAPHIC
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7
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World Bank, WORLD DEV IND
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 2059-7908
J9 BMJ GLOB HEALTH
JI BMJ Glob. Health
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 2
IS 4
AR e000496
DI 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000496
PG 7
(SSCI)
GA GC4QJ
UT WOS:000429769600033
PM 29333287
OA Green Published, gold, Green Accepted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Steliarova-Foucher, E
Colombet, M
Ries, LAG
Moreno, F
Dolya, A
Bray, F
Hesseling, P
Shin, HY
Stiller, CA
AF Steliarova-Foucher, Eva
Colombet, Murielle
Ries, Lynn A. G.
Moreno, Florencia
Dolya, Anastasia
Bray, Freddie
Hesseling, Peter
Shin, Hee Young
Stiller, Charles A.
CA IICC 3 Contributors
TI International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10: a population-based
registry study
SO LANCET ONCOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATIONS; UGANDA
AB Background Cancer is a major cause of death in children worldwide, and the
recorded incidence tends to increase with time. Internationally comparable data on
childhood cancer incidence in the past two decades are scarce. This study aimed to
provide internationally comparable local data on the incidence of childhood cancer
to promote research of causes and implementation of childhood cancer control.
Methods This population-based registry study, devised by the International
Agency for Research on Cancer in collaboration with the International Association
of Cancer Registries, collected data on all malignancies and nonmalignant neoplasms
of the CNS diagnosed before age 20 years in populations covered by high-quality
cancer registries with complete data for 2001-10. Incidence rates per million
person-years for the 0-14 years and 0-19 years age groups were age-adjusted using
the world standard population to provide age-standardised incidence rates (WSRs),
using the age-specific incidence rates (ASR) for individual age groups (0-4 years,
5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years). All rates were reported for 19
geographical areas or ethnicities by sex, age group, and cancer type. The regional
WSRs for children aged 0-14 years were compared with comparable data obtained in
the 1980s.
Findings Of 532 invited cancer registries, 153 registries from 62 countries,
departments, and territories met quality standards, and contributed data for the
entire decade of 2001-10. 385 509 incident cases in children aged 0-19 years
occurring in 2.64 billion person-years were included. The overall WSR was 140.6 per
million person-years in children aged 0-14 years (based on 284 649 cases), and the
most common cancers were leukaemia (WSR 46.4), followed by CNS tumours (WSR 28.2),
and lymphomas (WSR 15.2). In children aged 15-19 years (based on 100 860 cases),
the ASR was 185.3 per million person-years, the most common being lymphomas (ASR
41.8) and the group of epithelial tumours and melanoma (ASR 39.5). Incidence varied
considerably between and within the described regions, and by cancer type, sex,
age, and racial and ethnic group. Since the 1980s, the global WSR of registered
cancers in children aged 0-14 years has increased from 124.0 (95% CI 123.3-124.7)
to 140.6 (140.1-141.1) per million person-years.
Interpretation This unique global source of childhood cancer incidence will be
used for aetiological research and to inform public health policy, potentially
contributing towards attaining several targets of the Sustainable Development
Goals. The observed geographical, racial and ethnic, age, sex, and temporal
variations require constant monitoring and research. Copyright (C) 2017 World
Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.
C1 [Steliarova-Foucher, Eva] Int Agcy Res Canc, Sect Canc Surveillance, Lyon,
France.
[Steliarova-Foucher, Eva; Colombet, Murielle; Dolya, Anastasia; Bray, Freddie]
NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Moreno, Florencia] NCI, Paediat Canc Registry, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Hesseling, Peter] Univ Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat &
Child Hlth, Tygerberg, South Africa.
[Shin, Hee Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Childrens Hosp, Inst Canc Res, Seoul, South
Korea.
[Stiller, Charles A.] Natl Canc Registrat & Anal Serv, Publ Hlth England,
Oxford, England.
C3 World Health Organization; International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer
Institute (NCI); Stellenbosch University; Seoul National University
(SNU); Seoul National University Hospital; Public Health England
RP Steliarova-Foucher, E (corresponding author), Int Agcy Res Canc, Sect Canc
Surveillance, Lyon, France.; Steliarova-Foucher, E (corresponding author), NCI, Div
Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.; Steliarova-Foucher, E
(corresponding author), World Hlth Org, Int Agcy Res Canc, Sect Canc Surveillance,
F-69372 Lyon 08, France.
EM steliarova@iarc.fr
RI Serraino, Diego/J-3915-2018; BOUVIER, Véronique/L-7799-2015; Dolya,
Anastasia/AAH-1520-2021; Mangone, Lucia/J-4701-2016; Ursin,
Giske/U-6637-2017; Sekerija, Mario/W-8550-2019; Lima, Carlos
A/A-4225-2013; Steliarova-Foucher, Eva/L-6508-2019; Clavel,
Jacqueline/Q-2750-2016; Tagliabue, Giovanna/D-4194-2017; Didkowska,
Joanna Aleksandra/ABG-8672-2020; Yépez, Maria Clara/N-7710-2017;
Katalinic, Alexander/D-2512-2010; falcini, fabio/W-4345-2018; Smailyte,
Giedre/D-7316-2019; SANCHEZ-PEREZ, MARIA JOSE/D-1087-2011;
Marcos-Gragera, Rafael/A-1437-2017; Bravo, Luis Eduardo/K-9882-2014;
Ferretti, Stefano/K-8636-2015
OI Serraino, Diego/0000-0003-0565-8920; BOUVIER,
Véronique/0000-0002-2016-0779; Mangone, Lucia/0000-0002-5089-5178;
Ursin, Giske/0000-0002-0835-9507; Sekerija, Mario/0000-0001-7508-1501;
Lima, Carlos A/0000-0003-4269-7320; Steliarova-Foucher,
Eva/0000-0001-5777-9199; Clavel, Jacqueline/0000-0002-3616-7676;
Tagliabue, Giovanna/0000-0001-8165-5524; Didkowska, Joanna
Aleksandra/0000-0001-9160-9118; Yépez, Maria Clara/0000-0002-3482-5786;
Katalinic, Alexander/0000-0003-0490-1554; falcini,
fabio/0000-0002-0864-6266; Smailyte, Giedre/0000-0001-8365-543X; Bray,
Freddie/0000-0002-3248-7787; Zborovskaya, Anna/0000-0001-5684-9634;
SANCHEZ-PEREZ, MARIA JOSE/0000-0003-4817-0757; Aitken, Joanne
Frances/0000-0001-6859-2186; Guthridge, Steven/0000-0003-1495-764X;
Trojanowski, Maciej/0000-0002-9124-1509; tumino,
rosario/0000-0003-2666-414X; Dimitrova, Nadya/0000-0002-5958-6320;
Marcos-Gragera, Rafael/0000-0001-9824-3657; Nam,
Hae-Sung/0000-0003-0911-4576; Wojciechowska,
Urszula/0000-0002-4767-1384; Woods, Ryan/0000-0002-9520-2128; Ardanaz,
Eva/0000-0001-8434-2013; Bravo, Luis Eduardo/0000-0002-9708-0312; FUSCO,
MARIO/0000-0002-0311-3882; Sweeney, Carol/0000-0003-1113-7160; dirican,
oya/0000-0002-8123-3126; molinie, florence/0000-0002-0645-4017;
Brewster, David/0000-0002-5346-5608; D'Onise,
Katina/0000-0003-3292-4227; grosclaude, pascale/0000-0002-6755-5970;
Ferretti, Stefano/0000-0001-5241-2101
FU International Agency for Research on Cancer; Union for International
Cancer Control
FX International Agency for Research on Cancer and the Union for
International Cancer Control.
CR Abhik Gupta, 2012, American Journal of Environmental Sciences, V8, P152
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NR 35
TC 690
Z9 740
U1 2
U2 44
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 1470-2045
EI 1474-5488
J9 LANCET ONCOL
JI Lancet Oncol.
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 18
IS 6
BP 719
EP 731
DI 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9
PG 13
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA EW8ZD
UT WOS:000402805700047
PM 28410997
OA Green Published, Green Accepted, Green Submitted, hybrid
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Dias, E
Ebdon, J
Taylor, H
AF Dias, Edgard
Ebdon, James
Taylor, Huw
TI Estimating the concentration of viral pathogens and indicator organisms
in the final effluent of wastewater treatment processes using stochastic
modelling
SO MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE QMRA; Human adenovirus; Phages; Faecal indicator bacteria; Wastewater
reuse; Sanitation safety planning
ID SCALE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; HUMAN
ADENOVIRUS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE; BACTEROIDES
GB-124; REMOVAL; SEWAGE; SLUDGE
AB The presence of waterborne microbial (including viral) pathogens, in wastewater
poses a potential risk to human health when wastewaters are reused either directly
or indirectly. Therefore, reuse activities need to be regulated in such a way as to
protect human health and to this end, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)
has been successfully used to formulate evidence-based reuse regulations. The QMRA
approach depends, however, on reliable information about the various elements of
the system, including the wastewater treatment component. One point of major
concern is the determination of pathogen concentrations, especially viral
pathogens, in treated wastewater, as a consequence of their low levels and problems
associated with the detection limit of enumeration methods. Therefore, the research
described here aimed to develop stochastic simulations from empirical data to
estimate likely concentrations of specified enteric microorganisms in final
effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants based on either activated sludge
(AS) or trickling filter (TF) as the secondary biological treatment stage and
thereby support the construction of functional QMRA models. Wastewater samples were
collected every fortnight, during a twelve-month period, at each stage of four
full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in southern England (two AS and two
TF plants) (n = 360 samples) in order to build a robust dataset. Probability
density functions (PDF) were then fitted to empirical data and used as input
variables in the proposed model, which considered the concentration of the assessed
micro-organisms in the raw wastewater and the removal rates in primary, secondary
and tertiary treatment stages. Final concentrations of pathogenic and indicator
organisms were then estimated using stochastic simulations. The proposed stochastic
model was able to predict both accurately and reliably the likely concentration of
microorganisms in the final effluent of both systems. Moreover, sensitivity
analysis revealed that the concentrations of the microorganisms in raw wastewater
and their removal rates in the secondary treatment stages had the greatest
influence on the predictive output. It was therefore concluded that, provided due
attention is paid to the quality of the specific input variables of the model,
stochastic modelling may represent a valuable tool to support integrated water and
sanitation safety planning approaches to human health risk management of wastewater
reuse systems, based on the use of QMRA models. The approach may also support
better design and operation of wastewater treatment processes so as to maximise
pathogen removal in support of Sustainable Development Goal 6 Target 3 of the
United Nations.
C1 [Dias, Edgard] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Fac Engn, Dept Sanit & Environm Engn, BR-
36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil.
[Dias, Edgard; Ebdon, James; Taylor, Huw] Univ Brighton, Sch Environm & Technol,
Environm & Publ Hlth Res Grp EPHReG, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England.
C3 Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; University of Brighton
RP Dias, E (corresponding author), Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Fac Engn, Dept Sanit &
Environm Engn, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil.; Dias, E (corresponding
author), Univ Brighton, Sch Environm & Technol, Environm & Publ Hlth Res Grp
EPHReG, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England.
EM edgard.dias@ufjf.edu.br; je3@brighton.ac.uk; h.d.taylor@brighton.ac.uk
RI Dias, Edgard/GRX-4775-2022
OI Dias, Edgard/0000-0002-7085-6977; Ebdon, James/0000-0003-0649-8076
FU Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
(CNPq) [201942/2012-7]
FX The authors would like to thank the Brazilian National Council for
Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (201942/2012-7) for
funding the PhD studies of Edgard Dias, and Southern Water Services Ltd
for its cooperation and support in ensuring access to the municipal
WWTP.
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1605(00)00275-0
NR 60
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 2352-3522
EI 2352-3530
J9 MICROB RISK ANAL
JI Microb. Risk Anal.
PD APR
PY 2019
VL 11
BP 47
EP 56
DI 10.1016/j.mran.2018.08.003
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology;
Microbiology
GA JW9MQ
UT WOS:000503369800005
OA Green Submitted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Melaku, YA
Wassie, MM
Gill, TK
Zhou, SJ
Tessema, GA
Amare, AT
Lakew, Y
Hiruye, A
Bekele, TH
Worku, A
Seid, O
Endris, K
Lemma, F
Tesfay, FH
Yirsaw, BD
Deribe, K
Adams, R
Shi, Z
Misganaw, A
Deribew, A
AF Melaku, Yohannes Adama
Wassie, Molla Mesele
Gill, Tiffany K.
Zhou, Shao Jia
Tessema, Gizachew Assefa
Amare, Azmeraw T.
Lakew, Yihunie
Hiruye, Abiy
Bekele, Tesfaye Hailu
Worku, Amare
Seid, Oumer
Endris, Kedir
Lemma, Ferew
Tesfay, Fisaha Haile
Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn
Deribe, Kebede
Adams, Robert
Shi, Zumin
Misganaw, Awoke
Deribew, Amare
TI Burden of disease attributable to suboptimal diet, metabolic risks and
low physical activity in Ethiopia and comparison with Eastern
sub-Saharan African countries, 1990-2015: findings from the Global
Burden of Disease Study 2015
LA English
DT Article
DE Child and maternal undernutrition; Dietary risks; Metabolic risks;
Physical activity; Global Burden of Disease; Ethiopia
ID GREAT CHINESE FAMINE; EARLY-LIFE; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; PRENATAL
EXPOSURE; ADULT HEALTH; POPULATION; NUTRITION; MORTALITY; MALNUTRITION;
OVERWEIGHT
AB Background: Twelve of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are related to
malnutrition (both under-and overnutrition), other behavioral, and metabolic risk
factors. However, comparative evidence on the impact of behavioral and metabolic
risk factors on disease burden is limited in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including
Ethiopia. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, we assessed
mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to child and
maternal undernutrition (CMU), dietary risks, metabolic risks and low physical
activity for Ethiopia. The results were compared with 14 other Eastern SSA
countries.
Methods: Databases from GBD 2015, that consist of data from 1990 to 2015, were
used. A comparative risk assessment approach was utilized to estimate the burden of
disease attributable to CMU, dietary risks, metabolic risks and low physical
activity. Exposure levels of the risk factors were estimated using spatiotemporal
Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) and Bayesian meta-regression models.
Results: In 2015, there were 58,783 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 43,653-
76,020] or 8.9% [95% UI: 6.1-12.5] estimated allcause deaths attributable to CMU,
66,269 [95% UI: 39,367-106,512] or 9.7% [95% UI: 7.4-12.3] to dietary risks,
105,057 [95% UI: 66,167-157,071] or 15.4% [95% UI: 12.8-17.6] to metabolic risks
and 5808 [95% UI: 3449-9359] or 0.9% [95% UI: 0.6-1.1] to low physical activity in
Ethiopia. While the age-adjusted proportion of all-cause mortality attributable to
CMU decreased significantly between 1990 and 2015, it increased from 10.8% [95% UI:
8.8-13.3] to 14.5% [95% UI: 11.7-18.0] for dietary risks and from 17.0% [95% UI:
15.4-18.7] to 24.2% [95% UI: 22.2-26.1] for metabolic risks. In 2015, Ethiopia
ranked among the top four countries (of 15 Eastern SSA countries) in terms of
mortality and DALYs based on the age-standardized proportion of disease
attributable to dietary and metabolic risks.
Conclusions: In Ethiopia, while there was a decline in mortality and DALYs
attributable to CMU over the last two and half decades, the burden attributable to
dietary and metabolic risks have increased during the same period. Lifestyle and
metabolic risks of NCDs require more attention by the primary health care system of
the country.
C1 [Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Wassie, Molla Mesele] Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept
Human Nutr, Gondar, Ethiopia.
[Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Gill, Tiffany K.; Shi, Zumin] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide
Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Wassie, Molla Mesele; Zhou, Shao Jia] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Fac
Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Tessema, Gizachew Assefa] Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Reprod Hlth,
Gondar, Ethiopia.
[Tessema, Gizachew Assefa] Univ Adelaide, Sch Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA,
Australia.
[Amare, Azmeraw T.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Discipline Psychiat, Adelaide, SA,
Australia.
[Amare, Azmeraw T.] Bahir Dar Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
[Amare, Azmeraw T.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Epidemiol,
Groningen, Netherlands.
[Lakew, Yihunie] Ethiopian Publ Hlth Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Hiruye, Abiy] Fed Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Bekele, Tesfaye Hailu] Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Food Sci & Nutr Res
Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Worku, Amare] Addis Continental Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Seid, Oumer; Endris, Kedir] Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr & Dietet,
Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Tesfay, Fisaha Haile] Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat,
Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Tesfay, Fisaha Haile] Flinders Univ S Australia, Southgate Inst Hlth Soc & Equ,
Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn] Univ South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Deribe, Kebede] Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Wellcome Trust Brighton & Sussex Ctr
Global Hlth, Brighton BN1 9PX, E Sussex, England.
[Deribe, Kebede] Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Adams, Robert] Univ Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Hlth Observ, Discipline
Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Shi, Zumin] Qatar Univ, Human Nutr Dept, Coll Hlth Sci, Doha, Qatar.
[Misganaw, Awoke] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195
USA.
[Deribew, Amare] Nutr Int, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Deribew, Amare] St Paul Millennium Med Coll, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
C3 University of Gondar; University of Adelaide; University of Adelaide;
University of Gondar; University of Adelaide; University of Adelaide;
Bahir Dar University; University of Groningen; Federal Ministry of
Health - Ethiopia (FMOH); Addis Continental Institute of Public Health;
Mekelle University; Mekelle University; Flinders University South
Australia; University of South Australia; University of Brighton;
University of Sussex; Addis Ababa University; University of Adelaide;
Qatar University; Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation; University
of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
RP Melaku, YA (corresponding author), Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Human Nutr,
Gondar, Ethiopia.; Melaku, YA (corresponding author), Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med
Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
EM adamayohannes@gmail.com
RI Gill, Tiffany/F-9042-2010; Deribe, Kebede/I-5422-2019; Shi,
Zumin/A-1093-2009; Melaku, Yohannes Adama/S-2451-2019; Deribe,
Kebede/K-7055-2019; Wassie, Molla/S-1946-2019; Adams,
Robert/Z-3197-2019; Yirsaw, Biruck D/E-1705-2012; Yirsaw, Biruck
Desalegn/D-8828-2013; Tessema, Gizachew A/J-9235-2018; Amare, Azmeraw
T./B-9487-2018
OI Gill, Tiffany/0000-0002-2822-2436; Deribe, Kebede/0000-0002-8526-6996;
Shi, Zumin/0000-0002-3099-3299; Melaku, Yohannes
Adama/0000-0002-3051-7313; Wassie, Molla/0000-0002-3565-2397; Tessema,
Gizachew A/0000-0002-4784-8151; Tesfay (PhD), Fisaha
Haile/0000-0003-0399-1711; Deribew, Amare/0000-0003-2031-6080; Amare,
Azmeraw T./0000-0002-7940-0335
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship
in Public Health and Tropical Medicine [201900]
FX This particular study was not funded. GBD 2015 is funded by Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation. Kebede Deribe is funded by a Wellcome Trust
Intermediate Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (Grant
Number 201900).
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NR 59
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU BMC
PI LONDON
EI 1471-2458
PD APR 25
PY 2018
VL 18
AR 552
DI 10.1186/s12889-018-5438-1
PG 20
GA GE5QL
UT WOS:000431277100002
PM 29699588
OA Green Accepted, Green Published, gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Abebe, WB
Tilahun, SA
Moges, MM
Wondie, A
Derseh, MG
Nigatu, TA
Mhiret, DA
Steenhuis, TS
Van Camp, M
Walraevens, K
McClain, ME
AF Abebe, Wubneh B.
Tilahun, Seifu A.
Moges, Michael M.
Wondie, Ayalew
Derseh, Minychl G.
Nigatu, Teshager A.
Mhiret, Demesew A.
Steenhuis, Tammo S.
Van Camp, Marc
Walraevens, Kristine
McClain, Michael E.
TI Hydrological Foundation as a Basis for a Holistic Environmental Flow
Assessment of Tropical Highland Rivers in Ethiopia
SO WATER
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental flow component; Ethiopia; holistic environmental flow
assessment; hydrological foundation; indicators of hydrologic alteration
software; Lake Tana
ID LAKE TANA ETHIOPIA; WATER-RESOURCES; CYPRINIDAE; REQUIREMENTS;
TELEOSTEI; FRAMEWORK; DISCHARGE; SERVICES; CLIMATE; ELOHA
AB The sustainable development of water resources includes retaining some amount of
the natural flow regime in water bodies to protect and maintain aquatic ecosystem
health and the human livelihoods and wellbeing dependent upon them. Although
assessment of environmental flows is now occurring globally, limited studies have
been carried out in the Ethiopian highlands, especially studies to understand flow-
ecological response relationships. This paper establishes a hydrological foundation
of Gumara River from an ecological perspective. The data analysis followed three
steps: first, determination of the current flow regime flow indices and
ecologically relevant flow regime; second, naturalization of the current flow
regime looking at how flow regime is changing; and, finally, an initial exploration
of flow linkages with ecological processes. Flow data of Gumara River from 1973 to
2018 are used for the analysis. Monthly low flow occurred from December to June;
the lowest being in March, with a median flow of 4.0 m(3) s(-1). Monthly high flow
occurred from July to November; the highest being in August, with a median flow of
236 m(3) s(-1). 1-Day low flows decreased from 1.55 m(3) s(-1) in 1973 to 0.16 m(3)
s(-1) in 2018, and 90-Day (seasonal) low flow decreased from 4.9 m(3) s(-1) in 1973
to 2.04 m(3) s(-1) in 2018. The Mann-Kendall trend test indicated that the decrease
in low flow was significant for both durations at alpha = 0.05. A similar trend is
indicated for both durations of high flow. The decrease in both low flows and high
flows is attributed to the expansion of pump irrigation by 29 km(2) and expansion
of plantations, which resulted in an increase of NDVI from 0.25 in 2000 to 0.29 in
2019. In addition, an analysis of environmental flow components revealed that only
four "large floods" appeared in the last 46 years; no "large flood" occurred after
1988. Lacking "large floods" which inundate floodplain wetlands has resulted in
early disconnection of floodplain wetlands from the river and the lake; which has
impacts on breeding and nursery habitat shrinkage for migratory fish species in
Lake Tana. On the other hand, the extreme decrease in "low flow" components has
impacts on pin smaller pools. These results serve as the hydrological foundation
for continued studies in the Gumara catchment, with the eventual goal of
quantifying environmental flow requirements.redators, reducing their mobility and
ability to access prey concentrated
C1 [Abebe, Wubneh B.] Amhara Design & Supervis Works Enterprise, POB 1921, Bahir
Dar, Ethiopia.
[Abebe, Wubneh B.; Tilahun, Seifu A.; Moges, Michael M.; Derseh, Minychl G.;
Mhiret, Demesew A.; Steenhuis, Tammo S.] Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir Dar Inst Technol,
Fac Civil & Water Resources Engn, POB 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
[Wondie, Ayalew] Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Aquat & Wetland Management, Sch Fisheries
& Wildlife, POB 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
[Nigatu, Teshager A.] Abbay River Basin Author, Basin Informat Syst Directorate,
POB 1376, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
[Steenhuis, Tammo S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850
USA.
[Van Camp, Marc; Walraevens, Kristine] Univ Ghent, Lab Appl Geol & Hydrogeol,
Pietersnieuwstr 33, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
[McClain, Michael E.] IHE Delft Inst Water Educ, Dept Water Resources & Ecosyst,
Westvest 7, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands.
[McClain, Michael E.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Mekelweg 5,
NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands.
C3 Bahir Dar University; Bahir Dar University; Cornell University; Ghent
University; IHE Delft Institute for Water Education; Delft University of
Technology
RP Abebe, WB (corresponding author), Amhara Design & Supervis Works Enterprise, POB
1921, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; Abebe, WB (corresponding author), Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir
Dar Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Water Resources Engn, POB 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
EM wubnehb@yahoo.com; satadm86@gmail.com; micky_mehari@yahoo.com;
ayaleww2001@yahoo.com; minych12009@gmail.com; omegadad40@gmail.com;
demisalmaw@gmail.com; tammo@cornell.edu; marc.vancamp@ugent.be;
kristine.walraevens@ugent.be; m.mcclain@un-ihe.org
RI Abebe, wubneh belete a/E-7774-2019; Abebe, Wubneh/GXG-2437-2022; Moges,
Michael/HGC-1516-2022; Tilahun, Seifu/ABE-2501-2020
OI Abebe, wubneh belete a/0000-0003-2072-7146; Abebe,
Wubneh/0000-0003-2072-7146; steenhuis, tammo/0000-0003-0508-9350; Moges,
Michael Mehari/0000-0003-1920-6757; Van Camp, Marc/0000-0002-8417-2373;
Walraevens, Kristine/0000-0002-8116-7376
FU Amhara Design and Supervision Works Enterprise, Global Minds Fund of
Laboratory of Applied Geology and Hydrogeology in Ghent University; PIRE
project: "Taming Water in Ethiopia; National Science Foundation (NSF)
[154587.4]
FX This research was funded by Amhara Design and Supervision Works
Enterprise, Global Minds Fund of Laboratory of Applied Geology and
Hydrogeology in Ghent University and the PIRE project: "Taming Water in
Ethiopia An Interdisciplinary Approach to Improve Human Security in a
Water-Dependent Emerging Region" supported by the National Science
Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 154587.4.
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NR 59
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2073-4441
J9 WATER-SUI
JI Water
PD FEB
PY 2020
VL 12
IS 2
AR 547
DI 10.3390/w12020547
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA KU6TF
UT WOS:000519846500238
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Moses, MW
Pedroza, P
Baral, R
Bloom, S
Brown, J
Chapin, A
Compton, K
Eldrenkamp, E
Fullman, N
Mumford, JE
Nandakumar, V
Rosettie, K
Sadat, N
Shonka, T
Flaxman, A
Vos, T
Murray, CJL
Weaver, MR
AF Moses, Mark W.
Pedroza, Paola
Baral, Ranju
Bloom, Sabina
Brown, Jonathan
Chapin, Abby
Compton, Kelly
Eldrenkamp, Erika
Fullman, Nancy
Mumford, John Everett
Nandakumar, Vishnu
Rosettie, Katherine
Sadat, Nafis
Shonka, Tom
Flaxman, Abraham
Vos, Theo
Murray, Chris J. L.
Weaver, Marcia R.
TI Funding and services needed to achieve universal health coverage:
applications of global, regional, and national estimates of utilisation
of outpatient visits and inpatient admissions from 1990 to 2016, and
unit costs from 1995 to 2016
LA English
DT Article
ID SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; LOW-INCOME; CARE; LESSONS;
SYSTEMS
AB Background To inform plans to achieve universal health coverage (UHC), we
estimated utilisation and unit cost of outpatient visits and inpatient admissions,
did a decomposition analysis of utilisation, and estimated additional services and
funds needed to meet a UHC standard for utilisation.
Methods We collated 1175 country-years of outpatient data on utilisation from
130 countries and 2068 country-years of inpatient data from 128 countries. We did
meta-regression analyses of annual visits and admissions per capita by sex, age,
location, and year with DisMod-MR, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We decomposed
changes in total number of services from 1990 to 2016. We used data from 795
National Health Accounts to estimate shares of outpatient and inpatient services in
total health expenditure by location and year and estimated unit costs as
expenditure divided by utilisation. We identified standards of utilisation per
disability-adjusted life-year and estimated additional services and funds needed.
Findings In 2016, the global age-standardised outpatient utilisation rate was
5.42 visits (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 4.88-5.99) per capita and the inpatient
utilisation rate was 0.10 admissions (0.09-0.11) per capita. Globally, 39.35
billion (95% UI 35.38-43.58) visits and 0.71 billion (0.65-0.77) admissions were
provided in 2016. Of the 58.65% increase in visits since 1990, population growth
accounted for 42.95%, population ageing for 8.09%, and higher utilisation rates for
7.63%; results for the 67.96% increase in admissions were 44.33% from population
growth, 9.99% from population ageing, and 13.55% from increases in utilisation
rates. 2016 unit cost estimates (in 2017 international dollars [I$]) ranged from
I$2 to I$478 for visits and from I$87 to 1$22543 for admissions. The annual cost of
8.20 billion (6.24-9.95) additional visits and 0.28 billion (0.25-0.30) admissions
in low-income and lower-middle income countries in 2016 was I$503.12 billion
(404.35-605.98) or US$158.10 billion (126.58-189.67).
Interpretation UHC plans can be based on utilisation and unit costs of current
health systems and guided by standards ofutilisation of outpatient visits and
inpatient admissions that achieve the highest coverage of personal health services
at the lowest cost. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Moses, Mark W.; Pedroza, Paola; Bloom, Sabina; Brown, Jonathan; Chapin, Abby;
Compton, Kelly; Eldrenkamp, Erika; Fullman, Nancy; Mumford, John Everett;
Nandakumar, Vishnu; Rosettie, Katherine; Sadat, Nafis; Shonka, Tom; Flaxman,
Abraham; Vos, Theo; Murray, Chris J. L.; Weaver, Marcia R.] Univ Washington, Inst
Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.
[Baral, Ranju] PATH, Seattle, WA USA.
C3 Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation; University of Washington;
University of Washington Seattle
RP Weaver, MR (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat,
Seattle, WA 98121 USA.
EM mweaver@uw.edu
RI Vos, Theo/HLH-2955-2023
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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NR 32
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U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2468-2667
PD JAN
PY 2019
VL 4
IS 1
BP E49
EP E73
DI 10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30213-5
PG 25
(SSCI)
GA HG6UY
UT WOS:000455122800016
PM 30551974
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Di Fonzo, A
Russo, C
AF Di Fonzo, Antonella
Russo, Carlo
TI Designing geographical indication institutions when stakeholders'
incentives are not perfectly aligned
SO BRITISH FOOD JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Rural development; Design; Endogenous quality; Frauds; Geographical
indication
ID QUALITY CERTIFICATION
AB Purpose - Geographical Indications (GI) are complex and multi-purpose
institutions. Their objectives include encouraging diversification of agricultural
production, improving farmers' income, countering depopulation of rural areas,
satisfying consumer demand for high-quality good, and protecting consumers from
food fraud. The authors argue that such objectives are not necessarily aligned as
divergence may arise among stakeholders (such as farmers, consumers or rural
communities) about the optimal design of the GI. The paper aims to discuss these
issues.
Design/methodology/approach - The authors developed a simple, static game-theory
model describing the basic choices that a planner faces in designing a GI.
Findings - The authors conclude that the optimal organization requires finding
trade-offs among conflicting but equally desirable objectives. Perfect monitoring
is not a sufficient condition to resolve such conflicts. Sub-consortia and flexible
production agreements may increase the efficiency of a GI.
Research limitations/implications - The authors described basic trade-offs in GI
design using the simplest possible model. To this purpose the authors introduced
limiting assumptions that may be relaxed in future research. The representation of
the GI agreement focussed on the quality level only, abstracting from all other
consideration. Using a static model prevented us from explicit modeling of (loss
of) reputation effects. The simplifying assumptions about consumer behavior and
cost functions have reduced the generality of the results. Extensions of the model
may consider introducing additional elements in the GI agreement such as production
areas or governance models, dynamic games and general functional forms.
Practical implications - The authors found that in designing a GI: first,
promotion approaches revolving around small groups of local leaders (i.e.
efficient, high-quality producers) might overshoot quality, resulting in
unsustainable production agreements; second, introducing degrees of flexibility in
the production agreement may help achieving a sustainable GI; and finally, sub-
consortia/optional labels may help dealing with producers' heterogeneity.
Social implications - The authors found that setting a high standard in the
production agreement is not sufficient condition for delivering quality food to
consumers, as producers might have incentive to commit frauds. A simple command and
control approach to quality in GI's is not always the most efficient strategy,
because it may reduce participation. In designing the GI, the goals of identity
preservation and food quality must be balanced with consideration of producers'
incentives. The involvement of producers in the design of the GI is a critical
success driver. Yet, this practice can be problematic because of producers'
heterogeneity.
Originality/value - The paper provides theoretical foundation for best practices
in forming a GI, including: multi-stakeholder involvement, management of farmer
heterogeneity and monitoring.
C1 [Di Fonzo, Antonella; Russo, Carlo] Univ Cassino & Lazio Meridionale, Econ &
Giurisprudenza, Cassino, Italy.
C3 University of Cassino
RP Russo, C (corresponding author), Univ Cassino & Lazio Meridionale, Econ &
Giurisprudenza, Cassino, Italy.
EM russocar@unicas.it
OI Di Fonzo, Antonella/0000-0002-5258-4699; Di Fonzo,
Alessio/0000-0001-6478-026X
CR AKERLOF GA, 1970, Q J ECON, V84, P488, DOI 10.2307/1879431
Belletti G., 2007, Quality management in food chains, P107
Blakeney M, 2014, WIPO J, V6, P50
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Bowen S, 2010, RURAL SOCIOL, V75, P209, DOI 10.1111/j.1549-0831.2009.00007.x
Bramley C., 2009, WIPO PUBLICATION E, V1012, P119
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Echols Marsha A., 2008, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICAT
Galli F., 2011, International Journal on Food System Dynamics, V2, P219
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Lence SH, 2007, AM J AGR ECON, V89, P947, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01036.x
Manrov V., 2014, EU LAW INDICATIONS G
Marette S, 2003, REV IND ORGAN, V23, P43, DOI 10.1023/B:REIO.0000005595.35570.1a
Marette S, 2008, AGRIBUSINESS, V24, P453, DOI 10.1002/agr.20173
Menapace L, 2012, EUR REV AGRIC ECON, V39, P539, DOI 10.1093/erae/jbr053
Merel P, 2012, EUR REV AGRIC ECON, V39, P567, DOI 10.1093/erae/jbr056
Moschini G, 2008, AM J AGR ECON, V90, P794, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01142.x
OConnor Bernard, 2004, LAW GEOGRAPHICAL IND
Rangnekar D., 2004, 8 UNCTADICTSD PROJ I
Reviron S, 2011, LABELS OF ORIGIN FOR FOOD: LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, GLOBAL
RECOGNITION, P45, DOI 10.1079/9781845933524.0045
Sidali K.L., 2014, EAAE 2014 C AGR RUR
Tregear A, 2007, J RURAL STUD, V23, P12, DOI 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2006.09.010
Van de Kop P., 2006, B DEV POLICY PRACTIC, V372
Zago AM, 2004, J AGR RESOUR ECON, V29, P150
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 21
PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BINGLEY
PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0007-070X
EI 1758-4108
J9 BRIT FOOD J
JI Br. Food J.
PY 2015
VL 117
IS 10
SI SI
BP 2484
EP 2500
DI 10.1108/BFJ-12-2014-0392
PG 17
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology
(SSCI)
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA CY5UE
UT WOS:000366472200004
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Learmount, J
Glover, MJ
Taylor, MA
AF Learmount, Jane
Glover, Mike J.
Taylor, Mike A.
TI Resistance delaying strategies on UK sheep farms: A cost benefit
analysis
SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cost benefit analysis; Anthelmintic use; Faecal egg count; SCOPS; Lamb
productivity; Parasite infection level; Sheep
ID MANAGING ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS RESISTANCE;
TARGETED SELECTIVE TREATMENT; NEMATODE CONTROL; DERQUANTEL-ABAMECTIN;
LAMBS; GUIDELINES; MONEPANTEL; COMBINATION; IVERMECTIN
AB UK guidelines for the sustainable control of parasites in sheep (SCOPS) were
formulated with the primary aim of delaying development of anthelmintic resistance
(AR) on UK sheep farms. Promoting their use requires the engagement and commitment
of stakeholders. An important driver for behavioural change in sheep farmers is
evidence of economic benefits. A recent evaluation of SCOPS guidance in practice
demonstrated a significant reduction in anthelmintic use, suggesting economic
benefits through a direct reduction in product and labour costs. However, in order
to maintain production, a range of alternative control strategies are advised,
resulting in additional costs to farmers and so a full cost benefit analysis of
best practice management was undertaken. We allocated financial values to the
management recommendations described in the SCOPS technical manual. Benefits were
calculated using data for production variables and anthelmintic use measured during
studies to evaluate the effect of SCOPS recommendations on 16 UK sheep farms and
from other published work. As SCOPS control is not prescriptive and a range of
different diagnostics are available, best and worst case scenarios were presented,
comparing the cheapest methods (e.g. egg counts without larval culture) and
management situations (e.g closed flocks not requiring quarantine treatments) with
the most laborious and expensive. Simulations were run for farms with a small,
medium or large flock (300; 1000; 1900 ewes) as well as comparing scenarios with
and without potential production benefits from using effective wormers. Analysis
demonstrated a moderate cost for all farms under both scenarios when production
benefits were not included. A cost benefit was demonstrated for medium and large
farms when production benefits were included and the benefit could be perceived as
significant in the case of the large farms for the best case scenario (> (sic)5000
per annum). Despite a significant potential reduction in anthelmintic use by
farmers employing SCOPS guidance, the very low price of the older anthelmintic
classes meant that the benefit did not always outweigh the additional
management/diagnostic costs unless an increase in production was also achieved.
This is an important finding. Focussing research on key innovations that will
improve the cost effectiveness of diagnostic assays in a diagnostic driven control
strategy, as well as designing treatment options that can improve production
outcomes, and presenting them in a clear and transparent way, must be high priority
goals. Coupling targeted research with improvements in the delivery of messages to
the end user is important in the light of increasing global concerns over drug
resistance.
C1 [Learmount, Jane] Anim & Plant Hlth Agcy, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England.
[Glover, Mike J.] Torch Farm & Equine Ltd, South Molton EX36 4EJ, Devon,
England.
[Taylor, Mike A.] VParst Ltd, Wintringham YO17 8HX, N Yorkshire, England.
C3 Animal & Plant Health Agency UK
RP Learmount, J (corresponding author), Anim & Plant Hlth Agcy, York YO41 1LZ, N
Yorkshire, England.
EM jane.learmount@apha.gsi.gov.uk
OI Glover, Michael/0000-0002-3454-0676
FU UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate
FX We are grateful to the UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate for funding
this work. Thanks are also due to Lesley Stubbings for critical review
of the early manuscript.
CR Abbott K. A., 2013, SUSTAINABLE WORM CON
Bartley DJ, 2006, VET PARASITOL, V137, P112, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.12.014
Burgess CGS, 2012, VET PARASITOL, V189, P299, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.009
Charlier J, 2018, TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS, V65, P217, DOI 10.1111/tbed.12707
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MAFF, 1986, MIN AGR FISH FOOD MA
McBean D, 2016, VET PARASITOL, V218, P22, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.01.008
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Mederos AE, 2014, PARASITE VECTOR, V7, DOI 10.1186/s13071-014-0598-z
Miller CM, 2012, VET PARASITOL, V186, P376, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.063
Miller RS, 2013, PREV VET MED, V110, P119, DOI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.021
Morgan ER, 2010, VET REC, V166, P301, DOI 10.1136/vr.b4772
Pereira JFS, 2016, VET PARASITOL, V218, P102, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.01.011
Povey G., 2016, FEEDING EWE LIT REV
ROGERS EM, 1995, JOINT COMM J QUAL IM, V21, P324, DOI 10.1016/S1070-
3241(16)30155-9
Rose H, 2015, VET REC, V176, DOI 10.1136/vr.102982
Sargison ND, 2007, VET PARASITOL, V145, P65, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.024
Scott I, 2013, VET PARASITOL, V198, P166, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.037
Stubbings L., 2016, BRP MANUAL 8 BETTER
Stubbings L, 2012, VET REC, V170, DOI 10.1136/vr.e4289
Sutherland IA, 2010, VET PARASITOL, V171, P300, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.03.035
Thomas E., 2015, WALES ANTHELMINTIC R
Van den Brom R, 2015, VET PARASITOL, V209, P278, DOI
10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.026
Woodgate RG, 2012, VET PARASITOL, V186, P51, DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.045
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-4017
EI 1873-2550
J9 VET PARASITOL
JI Vet. Parasitol.
PD APR 30
PY 2018
VL 254
BP 64
EP 71
DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.033
PG 8
WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences
GA GE4CC
UT WOS:000431160900012
PM 29657014
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Tordrup, D
Hutin, Y
Stenberg, K
Lauer, JA
Hutton, DW
Toy, M
Scott, N
Bulterys, M
Bail, A
Hirnschall, G
AF Tordrup, David
Hutin, Yvan
Stenberg, Karin
Lauer, Jeremy A.
Hutton, David W.
Toy, Mehlika
Scott, Nick
Bulterys, Marc
Bail, Andrew
Hirnschall, Gottfried
TI Additional resource needs for viral hepatitis elimination through
universal health coverage: projections in 67 low-income and
middle-income countries, 2016-30
LA English
DT Article
ID B-VIRUS INFECTION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PROGRAM; GAMBIA; IMPACT; MODEL
AB Background The World Health Assembly calls for elimination of viral hepatitis as
a public health threat by 2030 (ie, -90% incidence and -65% mortality). However,
WHO's 2017 cost projections to achieve health-related Sustainable Development Goals
did not include the resources needed for hepatitis testing and treatment. We aimed
to estimate the incremental commodity cost of adding scaled up interventions for
testing and treatment of hepatitis to WHO's investment scenarios.
Methods We added modelled costs for implementing WHO recommended hepatitis
testing and treatment to the 2017 WHO cost projections. We quantified additional
requirements for diagnostic tests, medicines, health workers' time, and programme
support across 67 low-income and middle-income countries, from 2016-30. A progress
scenario scaled up interventions and a more ambitious scenario was modelled to
reach elimination by 2030. We used 2018 best available prices of diagnostics and
generic medicines. We estimated total costs and the additional investment needed
over the projection of the 2016 baseline cost.
Findings The 67 countries considered included 230 million people living with
hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 52 million people living with hepatitis C virus (HCV;
90% and 73% of the world's total, respectively). Under the progress scenario, 3250
million people (2400 million for HBV and 850 million for HCV) would be tested and
58.2 million people (24.1 million for HBV and 34.1 million for HCV) would be
treated (total additional cost US$ 27.1 billion). Under the ambitious scenario, 11
631 million people (5502 million for HBV and 6129 million for HCV) would be tested
and 93.8 million people (32.2 million for HBV and 61.6 million for HCV) would be
treated (total additional cost $58.7 billion), averting 4.5 million premature
deaths and leading to a gain of 51.5 million healthy life-years by 2030. However,
if affordable HCV medicines remained inaccessible in 13 countries where medicine
patents are protected, the additional cost of the ambitious scenario would increase
to $118 billion. Hepatitis elimination would account for a 1.5% increase to the WHO
ambitious health-care strengthening scenario costs, avert an additional 4.6%
premature deaths, and add an additional 9.6% healthy life-years from 2016-30.
Interpretation Access to affordable medicines in all countries will be key to
reach hepatitis elimination. This study suggests that elimination is feasible in
the context of universal health coverage. It points to commodities as key
determinants for the overall price tag and to options for cost reduction
strategies. Copyright (C) 2019 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.
C1 [Tordrup, David] Univ Utrecht, Who Collaborating Ctr Pharmaceut Policy &
Regulat, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Tordrup, David; Hutin, Yvan; Stenberg, Karin; Lauer, Jeremy A.; Bulterys, Marc;
Bail, Andrew; Hirnschall, Gottfried] WHO, Dept HIV, Geneva, Switzerland.
Bail, Andrew; Hirnschall, Gottfried] WHO, Global Hepatitis Programme, CH-1211
Bail, Andrew; Hirnschall, Gottfried] WHO, Dept Hlth Syst Governance & Financing,
[Hutton, David W.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Toy, Mehlika] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Scott, Nick] Burnet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
C3 Utrecht University; World Health Organization; World Health
Organization; World Health Organization; University of Michigan System;
University of Michigan; Stanford University; Burnet Institute
RP Hutin, Y (corresponding author), WHO, Global Hepatitis Programme, CH-1211
EM hutiny@who.int
OI Toy, Mehlika/0000-0001-7848-4816; Lauer, Jeremy A/0000-0003-0652-0691;
Tordrup, David/0000-0002-7779-9303
FU WHO; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Unitaid
FX WHO, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Unitaid.
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WHO/International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, 2017,
TRACK UN HLTH COV 20
World Health Organization, 2018, GUID CAR TREATM PERS
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World Health Organization, 2016, CONSOLIDATED GUIDELI
World Health Organization, 2018, PROGR REP ACC HEP C
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World Health Organization, 2017, WORLD MALARIA REPORT
World Health Organization, 2015, GUIDELINES PREVENTIO
NR 46
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2214-109X
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 7
IS 9
BP E1180
EP E1188
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30272-4
PG 9
(SSCI)
GA IP8JB
UT WOS:000480291600023
PM 31353061
OA Green Accepted, gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Parihar, CM
Parihar, MD
Sapkota, TB
Nanwal, RK
Singh, AK
Jat, SL
Nayak, HS
Mahala, DM
Singh, LK
Kakraliya, SK
Stirling, CM
Jat, ML
AF Parihar, C. M.
Parihar, M. D.
Sapkota, Tek B.
Nanwal, R. K.
Singh, A. K.
Jat, S. L.
Nayak, H. S.
Mahala, D. M.
Singh, L. K.
Kakraliya, S. K.
Stirling, Clare M.
Jat, M. L.
TI Long-term impact of conservation agriculture and diversified maize
rotations on carbon pools and stocks, mineral nitrogen fractions and
nitrous oxide fluxes in inceptisol of India
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Global warming potential; Soil carbon dynamics; Tillage; Soil health
ID RICE-WHEAT ROTATION; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL CARBON; CROPPING SYSTEMS;
MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GANGETIC PLAINS; N2O EMISSIONS; COVER CROPS;
SOUTH-ASIA; NO-TILL
AB Given the increasing scarcity of production resources such as water, energy and
labour coupled with growing climatic risks, maize-based production systems could be
potential alternatives to intensive rice-wheat (RW) rotation in western Indo-
Gangetic Plains (IGP). Conservation agriculture (CA) in maize systems has been
widely promoted for minimizing soil degradation and ensuring sustainability under
emerging climate change scenario. Such practices are also believed to provide
mitigation co-benefits through reduced GHG emission and increased soil carbon
sequestration. However, the combined effects of diversified crop rotations and CA-
based management on GHG mitigation potential and other co-benefits are generally
over looked and hence warrant greater attention. A field trial was conducted for 5-
years to assess the changes in soil organic carbon fractions, mineral-N, N2O
emission and global warming potential (GWP) of maize-based production systems under
different tillage & crop establishment methods. Four diversified cropping systems
i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean (MWMb), maize-chickpea-Sesbania (MCS), maize-mustard-
mungbean (MMuMb) and maize-maize-Sesbania (MMS) were factorially combined with
three tillage & crop establishment methods i.e. zero tilled permanent beds (PB),
zero-tillage flat (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) in a split-plot design. After
5-years of continued experimentation, we recorded that across the soil depths, SOC
content, its pools and mineral-N fractions were greatly affected by tillage & crop
establishment methods and cropping systems. ZT and PB increased SOC stock (0-30 cm
depth) by 7.22-7.23 Mg C ha(-1) whereas CT system increased it only by 0.88 Mg C
ha(-1) as compared to initial value. Several researchers reported that SOC &
mineral-N fraction contents in the top 30 cm soil depth are correlated with N2O-N
emission. In our study, global warming potential (GWP) under CT system was higher
by 18.1 and 17.4%, compared to CA-based ZT and PB, respectively. Among various
maize systems, GWP of MMS were higher by 11.2, 6.7 and 6.6%, compared that of MWMb
(1212 kg CO2-eq. ha(-1)), MCS (1274 kg CO2-eq. ha(-1)) and MMuMb (1275 kg CO2-eq.
ha(-1)), respectively. The results of our study suggest that CA and diversified
crop rotations should be promoted in north-western IGP and other similar
agroecologies across the globe for ensuring food security, restoration of soil
health and climate change mitigation, the key sustainable development goals (SDGs).
(c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Parihar, C. M.; Singh, A. K.; Jat, S. L.; Mahala, D. M.] ICAR Indian Inst Maize
Res IIMR, New Delhi 110012, India.
[Parihar, C. M.; Nayak, H. S.] ICAR Indian Agr Res Inst IARI, New Delhi 110012,
India.
[Parihar, M. D.; Nanwal, R. K.; Kakraliya, S. K.] Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana
Agr Univ, Hisar 125006, Haryana, India.
[Sapkota, Tek B.; Singh, L. K.; Kakraliya, S. K.; Jat, M. L.] Int Maize & Wheat
Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, NASC Complex, New Delhi 110012, India.
[Stirling, Clare M.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Texcoco, Mexico.
C3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR); ICAR - Indian Institute
of Maize Research; Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR); ICAR
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute; CCS Haryana Agricultural
University; CGIAR; International Maize & Wheat Improvement Center
(CIMMYT); CGIAR; International Maize & Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
RP Jat, ML (corresponding author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, NASC
Complex, New Delhi 110012, India.
EM m.jat@cgiar.org
RI Research, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize/ABC-7039-2020; Jat,
ML/O-2824-2019; PARIHAR, C.M./O-3624-2019; Jat, S L/AAR-8428-2020;
Sapkota, Tek Bahadur/AAC-3155-2020
OI Jat, ML/0000-0003-0582-1126; Jat, S L/0000-0002-3816-2318; Sapkota, Tek
Bahadur/0000-0001-5311-0586
FU Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) [IXX02272]; ICAR-Indian
Institute of Maize Research (IIMR) [AR:DMR:7:13]; International Maize
and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT, CCAFS P25-CIMMYT)-CGIAR research
program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); CCS
Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar; Division of Agricultural Physics
of ICAR-IARI, New Delhi; Division of SS&AC of ICAR-IARI, New Delhi
FX The authors acknowledge to Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR, IXX02272), ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR,
AR:DMR:7:13) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
(CIMMYT, CCAFS P25-CIMMYT)-CGIAR research program on Climate Change,
Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) for financial support. We
sincerely acknowledge the support provided by the CCS Haryana
Agricultural University, Hisar and Divisions of Agricultural Physics and
SS&AC of ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. The views expressed in this document
cannot be taken to reflect the official opinions of these organizations.
Special thanks to Dr. Munmun Rai, CIMMYT-India for assistance in gas
sampling and analysis and Mr. Sanjeev Kumar for assistance in data
management and analysis.
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NR 95
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 5
U2 150
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD NOV 1
PY 2018
VL 640
BP 1382
EP 1392
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.405
PG 11
GA GM7WU
UT WOS:000438408800137
PM 30021305
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Karppinen, P
Oinas-Kukkonen, H
Alahaivala, T
Jokelainen, T
Teeriniemi, AM
Salonurmi, T
Savolainen, MJ
AF Karppinen, Pasi
Oinas-Kukkonen, Harri
Alahaivala, Tuomas
Jokelainen, Terhi
Teeriniemi, Anna-Maria
Salonurmi, Tuire
Savolainen, Markku J.
TI Opportunities and challenges of behavior change support systems for
enhancing habit formation: A qualitative study
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Behavior change support systems; e-Health; Persuasive systems design;
Habit formation; IT habit; Interpretive research
ID WEIGHT-LOSS MAINTENANCE; INFORMATION; PERSPECTIVE; EXPERIENCES;
MANAGEMENT; OBESITY
AB The formation of healthy habits is considered to play a fundamental role in
health behavior change. A variety of studies on Health Behavior Change Support
Systems (HBCSS) have been conducted recently, in which individuals use such systems
to influence their own attitudes or behaviors to achieve their personal goals.
However, comparatively much less research has been devoted to studying how the
users of these systems form habits with the help of HBCSS, or to understanding how
to design these systems to support habit formation.
Objective: The objective of this article is to study HBCSS user experiences
regarding habit formation through an intervention study targeted at establishing a
healthier lifestyle. This study also aims to map habit formation stages, as
suggested by Lally and Gardner, with the Persuasive System Design (PSD) model. The
application domain is the prevention of metabolic syndrome, in which 5% weight loss
can significantly reduce the prevalence of the syndrome.
Methods: This study employs a web-based HBCSS named Onnikka, a lifestyle
intervention designed for the prevention of metabolic syndrome for participants who
are at risk of developing a metabolic syndrome or are already suffering from it.
The system under investigation was designed according to the principles of the PSD
model and Behavior Change Support System framework. Lally and Gardner's research on
the stages of habit formation were used to study the extent to which the Onnikka
system was able to enhance the development of new habits. A total of 43 Onnikka
users were interviewed for this study during and after a 52-week intervention
period. The research approach employed here was hermeneutics, which leans
ontologically toward the social construction of reality, gained through language,
consciousness, and shared meaning. In addition, the system's login data and
participants' weight measurements were utilized to build an interpretation of the
results.
Results: The findings of this study suggest that IT habits appear to have a
strong linkage with use adherence, whereas lifestyle habits did not seem to be
directly related to the 5% weight loss among study participants. Moreover, habit
formation stages provide a possible explanation for why self-monitoring, reminders,
and tunneling were perceived as especially valuable features in this study.
Conclusions: For sustainable weight management, holistic e-health interventions
are required, and the PSD model offers a practical approach for designing and
developing them. Recognizing the stages of habit formation provides additional
valuable guidance for designing systems that help shape an individual's habits.
C1 [Karppinen, Pasi; Oinas-Kukkonen, Harri; Alahaivala, Tuomas] Univ Oulu, Oulu Adv
Res Serv & Informat Syst, Fac Informat Technol & Elect Engn, POB 4500, Oulu 90014,
Finland.
[Jokelainen, Terhi; Teeriniemi, Anna-Maria; Salonurmi, Tuire; Savolainen, Markku
J.] Univ Oulu, Res Ctr Internal Med, Oulu, Finland.
J.] Oulu Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Oulu, Finland.
J.] Oulu Univ Hosp, Med Res Ctr Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
J.] Univ Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
C3 University of Oulu; University of Oulu; University of Oulu; University
of Oulu; University of Oulu
RP Karppinen, P (corresponding author), Univ Oulu, Oulu Adv Res Serv & Informat
Syst, Fac Informat Technol & Elect Engn, POB 4500, Oulu 90014, Finland.
EM pasi.karppinen@oulu.fi
RI Salonurmi, Tuire/L-3637-2018; Teeriniemi, Anna-Maria/P-3844-2017
OI Salonurmi, Tuire/0000-0001-5104-5792; Teeriniemi,
Anna-Maria/0000-0002-7026-9537; Karppinen, Pasi/0000-0002-7800-8243
FU Finnish Cultural Foundation
FX We wish to thank the anonymous reviewers of this article for their
insightful comments. We would like to express our gratitude to the
PrevMetSyn research consortium, including professor Maija-Leena Huotari,
PhD Heidi Enwald, and Kreetta Askola. We also thank PhD Hannu
Vahanikkila for his help to improve the manuscript. HOK wishes to thank
the Finnish Cultural Foundation for supporting this research.
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J9 J BIOMED INFORM
JI J. Biomed. Inform.
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 84
BP 82
EP 92
DI 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.06.012
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics
(SSCI)
SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics
GA GU1VH
UT WOS:000445054800008
PM 29936091
OA Green Accepted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Jiguet, F
Devictor, V
Julliard, R
Couvet, D
AF Jiguet, Frederic
Devictor, Vincent
Julliard, Romain
Couvet, Denis
TI French citizens monitoring ordinary birds provide tools for conservation
and ecological sciences
SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Agriculture; Breeding bird survey; Climate change; Diversity pattern;
Global change; Monitoring
ID POPULATION TRENDS; FARMLAND BIRDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
HABITAT; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; BIODIVERSITY; HOMOGENIZATION; COMMUNITIES
AB Volunteer-based standardized monitoring of birds has been widely implemented in
Europe and North America. In France, a breeding bird survey is running since 1989
and offers keen birdwatchers to count spring birds annually during 5 min exactly on
10 fix points within a randomly selected square. The first goal of such breeding
bird surveys is to measure temporal trends in order to detect possible species
declines. Combining annual indices of species sharing ecological affinities or a
protected/red list status further provides biodiversity indicators for policy
makers. Because the sampling effort is similar among sites, and because the initial
selection of monitored sites is random, the temporal trends can be considered
representative of national trends, and spatial comparisons of the obtained metrics
are possible. Species abundance, community richness but also community
specialization and average trophic level can be estimated for each site and each
year and further related to the wide range of habitat and landscape characteristics
and to agricultural or forestry practices. The large number of sites allows
overcoming the opposition between adaptive and passive monitoring, making such
schemes fitted to adaptive monitoring. This provides opportunities to determine
which type of management or practices favour biodiversity. The comparison of
population fate or community dynamics across a wide range of climates and
temperatures, e.g. from southern to northern Europe, revealed how European birds
are already affected by climate change. Bird communities are shifting northwards,
but at a slower rate than temperatures, while bird populations have larger growth
rates away from their hot thermal limit. Finally, such large-scale long-term
monitoring data on a complete taxonomic group (Ayes) is original and offers the
opportunity to compare different measures of biological diversity, such as
taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Such a citizen science scheme is
an efficient scientific tool (numerous papers published in international peer-
reviewed journals) which is furthermore highly cost-effective, with a reduced
permanent staff in a state insitution coordonating the network and analysing the
data, while a similar survey conducted by state staff only would cost more than one
million euros annually. The future development of bio-economic dynamic models for
providing scenarios of sustainable farming and logging to maintain biodiversity
will further highlight the necessity of such volunteer monitoring for policy makers
and decision planning. Scientific and logistic partnerships could be proposed to
help developing such a monitoring scheme in China. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.
All rights reserved.
C1 [Jiguet, Frederic; Julliard, Romain; Couvet, Denis] Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR
MNHN CNRS UPMC 7204, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Devictor, Vincent] Inst Sci Evolut Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France.
C3 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); UDICE-French Research
Universities; Sorbonne Universite
RP Jiguet, F (corresponding author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR MNHN CNRS UPMC 7204,
CP 51,55 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France.
EM fjiguet@mnhn.fr
OI couvet, denis/0000-0001-8692-9694
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NR 71
TC 102
Z9 105
U1 4
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 1146-609X
EI 1873-6238
J9 ACTA OECOL
JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol.
PD OCT
PY 2012
VL 44
SI SI
BP 58
EP 66
DI 10.1016/j.actao.2011.05.003
PG 9
WC Ecology
GA 025KO
UT WOS:000310188000009
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Wu, R
Xie, ZH
AF Wu, Rong
Xie, Zihan
TI Identifying the impacts of income inequality on CO2 emissions: Empirical
evidences from OECD countries and non-OECD countries
SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
LA English
DT Article
DE CO2 emissions; Income inequality; OECD countries; Non-OECD countries;
Regional difference; ARDL regression
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE; PEARL RIVER
DELTA; RENEWABLE ENERGY; TIME-SERIES; PANEL-DATA; ECONOMIC-INEQUALITY;
QUALITY EVIDENCE; UNIT-ROOT; CHINA
AB The emergence of environmental quality challenges is rooted in social problems,
which mainly come from income inequality and power gap. Income inequality and
climate change have been highlighted as hindering the achievement of sustainable
development and environmental protection globally. Though existing literature has
estimated the influences of income inequality on CO2 emissions, relatively little
is known about the long-run and short-run effects from a cross-national
perspective. Therefore, the aim of this study is to shed light on the long-run and
short-run relationships between income inequality and per capita CO2 emissions
based on balanced country-level panel dataset for 78 countries from 1990 to 2017.
In order to understand how a country's economic level affects the link between
inequality and CO2 emissions, this study classified the sample countries into three
groups: OECD countries, low-income nonOECD countries, and high-income non-OECD
countries. The FMOLS and DOLS model is applied to examine the relationship between
the income inequality and per capita CO2 emission, meanwhile the estimates of an
ARDL model revealed the long-run and short-run effects. Our empirical results
indicate that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between income
inequality and per capita CO2 emissions. Higher income inequality promotes emission
reductions in OECD countries and high-income non-OECD countries, while the
influences are insignificant in low-income non-OECD countries in the long run. Per
capita income, carbon intensity, population size and urbanization were also
considered in this study. The estimates of an ARDL model indicate that whilst
income inequality does not have a significant impact on CO2 emissions in the short
run, per capita national income positively affects CO2 emissions, meaning that
income growth will accelerate emissions. Carbon intensity positively affects CO2
emissions in the long term, indicating that increased income facilitates increased
energy use and emissions, but that progress in CO2 recycling technology may
ultimately reduce emissions. Neither population size nor urbanization rate exerted
any obvious effects on per capita CO2 emissions. From a policy perspective,
governments have an onerous task ahead of them in balancing economic efficiency and
distributary justice. Lastly, we provide insights for policy makers that in order
to realize the goal of emission reductions in the long run, it may be best to
proceed by making reasonable national income redistribution policies and by
adjusting the welfare system. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wu, Rong] Guangdong Univ Technol, Sch Architecture & Urban Planning, 729 East
Dongfeng Rd, Guangzhou 510090, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Xie, Zihan] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangdong Prov Key Lab
Urbanizat & Geosimulat, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.
C3 Guangdong University of Technology; Sun Yat Sen University
RP Xie, ZH (corresponding author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangdong
Prov Key Lab Urbanizat & Geosimulat, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.
EM xiezh35@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
RI Xie, Zihan/AAA-6934-2021
FU Beijing Key Laboratory of Megaregions Sustainable Development Modelling,
Capital University of Economics and Business [MCR2019QN06]; Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities [19lgzd09]; Guangdong
Special Support Program; Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou
[201806010187]
FX This work was supported by the Beijing Key Laboratory of Megaregions
Sustainable Development Modelling, Capital University of Economics and
Business (MCR2019QN06), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities (19lgzd09), Guangdong Special Support Program and Pearl
River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou (201806010187).
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NR 83
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 12
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
J9 J CLEAN PROD
JI J. Clean Prod.
PD DEC 20
PY 2020
VL 277
AR 123858
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123858
PG 16
WC Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Engineering, Environmental;
Environmental Sciences
(SSCI)
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences
& Ecology
GA ON8AX
UT WOS:000586917600138
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Shibre, G
Zegeye, B
Idriss-Wheeler, D
Yaya, S
AF Shibre, Gebretsadik
Zegeye, Betregiorgis
Idriss-Wheeler, Dina
Yaya, Sanni
TI Inequalities in measles immunization coverage in Ethiopia: a
cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health surveys 2000-2016
SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Measles immunization; Health disparities; Child health; Global health;
Demographic and health surveys; Ethiopia
ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; PROGRESS
AB Background Ethiopia has low measles immunization coverage and little is known
about the disparities surrounding what coverage is provided. This study assessed
disparities in measles immunization and its change over time using the four
Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2016. Methods
This is a cross-sectional analysis of data using Ethiopia Demographic and Health
Surveys (EDHS) conducted between 2000 and 2016. We used the World Health
Organization's (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to present the
inequalities. Four measures of inequality were calculated: Difference (D), Ratio
(R), Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Population Attributable Risk (PAR).
The results were disaggregated by wealth, education, residence, sex and sub-
national regions and 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs) were computed for each point
estimate to boost confidence of the findings. Results Measles immunization coverage
was higher among the richest and secondary and above schools' subgroup by nearly 30
to 31 percentage points based on point estimates (D = 31%; 95% CI; 19.48, 42.66)
and 29.8 percentage points (D = 29.8%; 95% CI; 16.57, 43.06) as compared to the
poorest and no education subgroup respectively in the 2016 survey. Still, in the
2016 survey, substantial economic status (PAF = 36.73; 95%CI: 29.78, 43.68), (R =
1.71; 95%CI: 1.35, 2.08), education status (PAF = 45.07; 95% CI: 41.95, 48.18), (R
= 1.60; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.90), place of residence (PAF = 39.84, 95% CI: 38.40,
41.27), (R = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.20, 1. 74) and regional (PAF = 71.35, 95% CI: 31.76,
110.95), (R = 3.09, 95%CI: 2.01, 4.17) inequality were observed with both simple
and complex measures. There was no statistically significant difference in the
prevalence of measles immunization between male and female children in all the
studied years, as indicated, for instance, by measures of PAF in 2000 (PAF = 0;
95%CI: - 6.79, 6.79), 2005 (PAF = 0; 95%CI: - 6.04, 6.04), 2011(PAF = 0; 95%CI: -
3.79, 3.79) and 2016 (PAF = 2.66; - 1.67; 6.99). Overall, the inequality of measles
immunization narrowed significantly by at least some of the measures between the
first and the last survey periods across all the studied subgroups. Conclusions
National, regional and district levels of government should make a pledge to reduce
inequalities in coverage of measles immunization. Equity-sensitive strategies,
sufficient human and financial resources as well as continued research and
monitoring of immunization coverage inequalities are necessary to achieve related
sustainable development goals.
C1 [Shibre, Gebretsadik] Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Reprod Family &
Populat Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Zegeye, Betregiorgis] Shewarobit Field Off, HaSET Maternal & Child Hlth Res
Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Idriss-Wheeler, Dina] Univ Ottawa, Interdisciplinary Sch Hlth Sci, Ottawa, ON,
Canada.
[Yaya, Sanni] Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Yaya, Sanni] Univ Oxford, George Inst Global Hlth, Oxford, England.
C3 Addis Ababa University; University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa;
University of Oxford
RP Yaya, S (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies,
Ottawa, ON, Canada.; Yaya, S (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, George Inst
Global Hlth, Oxford, England.
EM sanni.yaya@uottawa.ca
RI Yaya, Sanni/C-1079-2019; Zegeye, Betregiorgis/AAA-8599-2021
OI Yaya, Sanni/0000-0002-4876-6043; Zegeye,
Betregiorgis/0000-0003-4550-3261
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NR 50
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 7
PU BMC
PI LONDON
EI 1471-2334
J9 BMC INFECT DIS
JI BMC Infect. Dis.
PD JUL 7
PY 2020
VL 20
IS 1
AR 481
DI 10.1186/s12879-020-05201-5
PG 12
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA ML0GY
UT WOS:000549156800001
PM 32635891
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Grazhdani, D
AF Grazhdani, Dorina
TI Assessing the variables affecting on the rate of solid waste generation
and recycling: An empirical analysis in Prespa Park
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Review
DE Prespa Park; Drop-off recycling facilities; Housing structure; Solid
waste; Pay-as-you-throw; Recycling rate; Recycling education expenditure
ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; HOUSEHOLD WASTE; SYSTEM DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT;
PREDICTION; CITY; IMPACT; COLLECTION; COUNTRIES; RESPONSES
AB Economic development, urbanization, and improved living standards increase the
quantity and complexity of generated solid waste. Comprehensive study of the
variables influencing household solid waste production and recycling rate is
crucial and fundamental for exploring the generation mechanism and forecasting
future dynamics of household solid waste. The present study is employed in the case
study of Prespa Park. A model, based on the interrelationships of economic,
demographic, housing structure and waste management policy variables influencing
the rate of solid waste generation and recycling is developed and employed. The
empirical analysis is based on the information derived from a field questionnaire
survey conducted in Prespa Park villages for the year 2014. Another feature of this
study is to test whether a household's waste generation can be decoupled from its
population growth. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation analysis and F-
tests are used to know the relationship between variables. One-way and two-way
fixed effects models data analysis techniques are used to identify variables that
determine the effectiveness of waste generation and recycling at household level in
the study area. The results reveal that households with heterogeneous
characteristics, such as education level, mean building age and income, present
different challenges of waste reduction goals. Numerically, an increase of 1% in
education level of population corresponds to a waste reduction of 3 kg on the
annual per capita basis. A village with older buildings, in the case of one year
older of the median building age, corresponds to a waste generation increase of 12
kg. Other economic and policy incentives such as the mean household income, pay-as-
you-throw, percentage of population with access to curbside recycling, the number
of drop-off recycling facilities available per 1000 persons and cumulative
expenditures on recycling education per capita are also found to be effective
measures in waste reduction. The mean expenditure for recycling education spent on
a person for years 2010 and 2014 is 12 and 14 cents, respectively and it vary from
0 to (sic)1. For years 2010 and 2014, the mean percentage of population with access
to curbside recycling services is 38.6% and 40.3%, and the mean number of drop-off
recycling centers per 1000 persons in the population is 0.29 and 0.32,
respectively. Empirical evidence suggests that population growth did not
necessarily result in increases in waste generation. The results provided are
useful when planning, changing or implementing sustainable municipal solid waste
management. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Grazhdani, Dorina] Agr Univ Tirana, Fac Econ & Agribusiness, Dept Agribusiness,
Kamez, Tirana, Albania.
RP Grazhdani, D (corresponding author), Agr Univ Tirana, Fac Econ & Agribusiness,
Dept Agribusiness, Kamez, Tirana, Albania.
EM d.grazhdani@yahoo.com
FU Albanian Ministry of Education and Research [2012/09/113]
FX This research was supported by the Albanian Ministry of Education and
Research in the framework of the Program "Research for Development"
(Grant 2012/09/113).
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NR 96
TC 94
Z9 103
U1 5
U2 112
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0956-053X
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2016
VL 48
BP 3
EP 13
DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.028
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DB5OM
UT WOS:000368563500002
PM 26482808
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Saha, SK
Schrag, SJ
El Arifeen, S
Mullany, LC
Islam, MS
Shang, N
Qazi, SA
Zaidi, AKM
Bhutta, ZA
Bose, A
Panigrahi, P
Soofi, SB
Connor, NE
Mitra, DK
Isaac, R
Winchell, JM
Arvay, ML
Islam, M
Shafiq, Y
Nisar, I
Baloch, B
Kabir, F
Ali, M
Diaz, MH
Satpathy, R
Nanda, P
Padhi, BK
Parida, S
Hotwani, A
Hasanuzzaman, M
Ahmed, S
Hossain, MB
Ariff, S
Ahmed, I
Moin, SMI
Mahmud, A
Waller, JL
Rafiqullah, I
Quaiyum, MA
Begum, N
Balaji, V
Halen, J
Ahmed, ASMNU
Davidson, MWW
Hamer, H
Hibberd, PL
Rahman, QSU
Mogan, VR
Hossain, T
Mcgee, L
Anandan, S
Liu, AR
Panigrahi, K
Abraham, AM
Baqui, AH
AF Saha, Samir K.
Schrag, Stephanie J.
El Arifeen, Shams
Mullany, Luke C.
Islam, Mohammad Shahidul
Shang, Nong
Qazi, Shamim A.
Zaidi, Anita K. M.
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Bose, Anuradha
Panigrahi, Pinaki
Soofi, Sajid B.
Connor, Nicholas E.
Mitra, Dipak K.
Isaac, Rita
Winchell, Jonas M.
Arvay, Melissa L.
Islam, Maksuda
Shafiq, Yasir
Nisar, Imran
Baloch, Benazir
Kabir, Furqan
Ali, Murtaza
Diaz, Maureen H.
Satpathy, Radhanath
Nanda, Pritish
Padhi, Bijaya K.
Parida, Sailajanandan
Hotwani, Aneeta
Hasanuzzaman, M.
Ahmed, Sheraz
Hossain, Mohammad Belal
Ariff, Shabina
Ahmed, Imran
Moin, Syed Mamun Ibne
Mahmud, Arif
Waller, Jessica L.
Rafiqullah, Iftekhar
Quaiyum, Mohammad A.
Begum, Nazma
Balaji, Veeraraghavan
Halen, Jasmin
Ahmed, A. S. M. Nawshad Uddin
Davidson, Martin W. Weber
Hamer, H.
Hibberd, Patricia L.
Rahman, Qazi Sadeq-ur
Mogan, Venkat Raghava
Hossain, Tanvir
Mcgee, Lesley
Anandan, Shalini
Liu, Anran
Panigrahi, Kalpana
Abraham, Asha Mary
Baqui, Abdullah H.
TI Causes and incidence of community-acquired serious infections among
young children in south Asia (ANISA): an observational cohort study
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INJECTABLE PROCAINE
BENZYLPENICILLIN; SIMPLIFIED ANTIBIOTIC REGIMENS; SEVERE
BACTERIAL-INFECTION; POPULATION-BASED INCIDENCE; OPEN-LABEL; NEONATAL
SEPSIS; CLINICAL SIGNS; LATIN-AMERICA
AB Background More than 500 000 neonatal deaths per year result from possible
serious bacterial infections (pSBIs), but the causes are largely unknown. We
investigated the incidence of community-acquired infections caused by specific
organisms among neonates in south Asia.
Methods From 2011 to 2014, we identified babies through population-based
pregnancy surveillance at five sites in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Babies
were visited at home by community health workers up to ten times from age 0 to 59
days. Illness meeting the WHO definition of pSBI and randomly selected healthy
babies were referred to study physicians. The primary objective was to estimate
proportions of specific infectious causes by blood culture and Custom TaqMan Array
Cards molecular assay (Thermo Fisher, Bartlesville, OK, USA) of blood and
respiratory samples.
Findings 6022 pSBI episodes were identified among 63114 babies (95.4 per 1000
livebirths). Causes were attributed in 28% of episodes (16% bacterial and 12%
viral). Mean incidence of bacterial infections was 13.2 (95% credible interval
[CrI] 11.2-15.6) per 1000 livebirths and of viral infections was 10.1 (9.4-11.6)
per 1000 livebirths. The leading pathogen was respiratory syncytial virus (5.4, 95%
CrI 4.8-6.3 episodes per 1000 livebirths), followed by Ureaplasma spp (2.4, 1.6-3.2
episodes per 1000 livebirths). Among babies who died, causes were attributed to 46%
of pSBI episodes, among which 92% were bacterial. 85 (83%) of 102 blood culture
isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, or a combination
of these drugs.
Interpretation Non-attribution of a cause in a high proportion of patients
suggests that a substantial proportion of pSBI episodes might not have been due to
infection. The predominance of bacterial causes among babies who died, however,
indicates that appropriate prevention measures and management could substantially
affect neonatal mortality. Susceptibility of bacterial isolates to first-line
antibiotics emphasises the need for prudent and limited use of newer-generation
antibiotics. Furthermore, the predominance of atypical bacteria we found and high
incidence of respiratory syncytial virus indicated that changes in management
strategies for treatment and prevention are needed. Given the burden of disease,
prevention of respiratory syncytial virus would have a notable effect on the
overall health system and achievement of Sustainable Development Goal. Copyright
(c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article
under the CC BY 4.0 license.
C1 [Saha, Samir K.; Islam, Mohammad Shahidul; Connor, Nicholas E.; Islam, Maksuda;
Hasanuzzaman, M.; Hossain, Mohammad Belal; Rafiqullah, Iftekhar; Ahmed, A. S. M.
Nawshad Uddin] Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Child Hlth Res Fdn, Dept Microbiol, Dhaka 1207,
Bangladesh.
[Schrag, Stephanie J.; Shang, Nong; Winchell, Jonas M.; Arvay, Melissa L.; Diaz,
Maureen H.; Waller, Jessica L.; Mcgee, Lesley; Liu, Anran] Ctr Dis Control &
Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
[El Arifeen, Shams; Mitra, Dipak K.; Quaiyum, Mohammad A.; Rahman, Qazi Sadeq-
ur; Hossain, Tanvir] Icddr b, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[Mullany, Luke C.; Moin, Syed Mamun Ibne; Mahmud, Arif; Begum, Nazma; Baqui,
Abdullah H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, Baltimore,
MD USA.
[Qazi, Shamim A.] WHO, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth & Dev, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Zaidi, Anita K. M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Soofi, Sajid B.; Shafiq, Yasir; Nisar,
Imran; Baloch, Benazir; Kabir, Furqan; Ali, Murtaza; Hotwani, Aneeta; Ahmed,
Sheraz; Ariff, Shabina; Ahmed, Imran] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth,
Karachi, Pakistan.
[Bose, Anuradha; Isaac, Rita; Balaji, Veeraraghavan; Halen, Jasmin; Mogan,
Venkat Raghava; Anandan, Shalini; Abraham, Asha Mary] Christian Med Coll & Hosp,
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Panigrahi, Pinaki; Panigrahi, Kalpana] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth,
Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Omaha, NE USA.
[Satpathy, Radhanath; Nanda, Pritish; Padhi, Bijaya K.] Asian Inst Publ Hlth,
Bhubaneswar, India.
[Parida, Sailajanandan] Ramachandra Bhanj Med Coll, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
[Davidson, Martin W. Weber] WHO, Reg Off Europe, Child & Adolescent Hlth & Dev
Div, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Hamer, H.; Hibberd, Patricia L.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth,
Boston, MA USA.
[Hamer, H.; Hibberd, Patricia L.] Boston Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA
02215 USA.
C3 Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA; International Centre for
Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR); Johns Hopkins University; Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; University of Geneva; World
Health Organization; Aga Khan University; Christian Medical College &
Hospital (CMCH) Vellore; University of Nebraska System; University of
Nebraska Medical Center; Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College &
Hospital; World Health Organization; Boston University; Boston
University
RP Saha, SK (corresponding author), Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Child Hlth Res Fdn, Dept
Microbiol, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
EM samirk.sks@gmail.com
RI ahmed, sheraz/AAA-1100-2021; SOUNDRARAJAN, JOYSON/I-1779-2019; Padhi,
Bijaya K/E-7102-2010; Diaz, Maureen/AAM-4587-2020; Padhi, Bijaya
Kumar/AAW-2384-2021; Rafiqullah, Iftekhar/P-2723-2016; Furqan
Kabir/AAY-7400-2020; Shafiq, Yasir/HKE-1536-2023; Hossain, M.
Belal/AAU-7266-2020; Bhutta, Zulfiqar/L-7822-2015; Mitra,
Dipak/W-9569-2018
OI ahmed, sheraz/0000-0003-2336-3165; Padhi, Bijaya K/0000-0002-2828-2375;
Padhi, Bijaya Kumar/0000-0002-2828-2375; Rafiqullah,
Iftekhar/0000-0002-6974-525X; Shafiq, Yasir/0000-0003-1576-724X;
Hossain, M. Belal/0000-0003-4733-0018; Arifeen,
Shams/0000-0002-5372-5932; Connor, Nicholas/0000-0002-5013-407X;
Hibberd, Patricia/0000-0002-7455-8117; Hasanuzzaman,
Md/0000-0002-6632-4521; Hamer, Davidson/0000-0002-4700-1495; Bhutta,
Zulfiqar/0000-0003-0637-599X; Abraham, Asha/0000-0002-0736-1445; Isaac,
Rita/0000-0003-3213-1219; Mitra, Dipak/0000-0001-8680-4146
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPPGH5307]
FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; This work was supported by a grant
(OPPGH5307) from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the Child Health
Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh. We thank the technical advisory
group members of the ANISA project, the site principal investigators,
the blood culture review committee members, and the independent experts,
Daniel E Roth, Sickkids Hospital and Steve Oberste, Ann Whitney, and
Sanjyot Shinde, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were
independent experts, who played active roles in the study design and
implementation process and data analysis. We are indebted to the study
participants and their caregivers, and the study team members for their
contributions. We also thank Senjuti Saha for editing the manuscript,
Mahmudur Rahman for helping with data management, Mahfuza Marzan for
helping with project coordination, and Saiful Islam for helping to
prepare the graphs. The findings and conclusions in this report are
those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official
position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or WHO.
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NR 40
TC 94
Z9 94
U1 0
U2 3
PI NEW YORK
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD JUL 14
PY 2018
VL 392
IS 10142
BP 145
EP 159
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31127-9
PG 15
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA GM8RQ
UT WOS:000438501300029
PM 30025808
OA Green Published, hybrid
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Traverso, M
Asdrubali, F
Francia, A
Finkbeiner, M
AF Traverso, Marzia
Asdrubali, Francesco
Francia, Annalisa
Finkbeiner, Matthias
TI Towards life cycle sustainability assessment: an implementation to
photovoltaic modules
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment; LCA; LCC; S-LCA; Photovoltaic
modules; Social indicators
ID SYSTEMS; LCA
AB The main goal of the paper is to carry out the first implementation of
sustainability assessment of the assembly step of photovoltaic (PV) modules
production by Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) and the development of
the Life Cycle Sustainability Dashboard (LCSD), in order to compare LCSA results of
different PV modules. The applicability and practicability of the LCSD is reported
thanks to a case study. The results show that LCSA can be considered a valuable
tool to support decision-making processes that involve different stakeholders with
different knowledge and background.
The sustainability performance of the production step of Italian and German
polycrystalline silicon modules is assessed using the LCSD. The LCSD is an
application oriented to the presentation of an LCSA study. LCSA comprises life
cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing and social LCA (S-LCA). The primary data
collected for the German module are related to two different years, and this led to
the evaluation of three different scenarios: a German 2008 module, a German 2009
module, and an Italian 2008 module.
According to the LCA results based on Ecoindicator 99, the German module for
example has lower values of land use [1.77 potential disappeared fractions (PDF)
m(2)/year] and acidification (3.61 PDF m(2)/year) than the Italian one (land use
1.99 PDF m(2)/year, acidification 3.83 PDF m(2)/year). However, the German module
has higher global warming potential [4.5E-05 disability-adjusted life years (DALY)]
than the Italian one [3.00E-05 DALY]. The economic costs of the German module are
lower than the Italian one, e.g. the cost of electricity per FU for the German
module is 0.12 a,not sign/m(2) compared to the Italian 0.85 a,not sign/m(2). The S-
LCA results show significant differences between German module 2008 and 2009 that
represent respectively the best and the worst overall social performances of the
three considered scenarios compared by LCSD. The aggregate LCSD results show that
the German module 2008 has the best overall sustainability performance and a score
of 665 points out of 1,000 (and a colour scale of light green). The Italian module
2008 has the worst overall sustainability performance with a score of 404 points,
while the German module 2009 is in the middle with 524 points.
The LCSA and LCSD methodologies represent an applicable framework as a tool for
supporting decision-making processes which consider sustainable production and
consumption. However, there are still challenges for a meaningful application,
particularly the questions of the selection of social LCA indicators and how to
weigh sets for the LCSD.
C1 [Traverso, Marzia; Finkbeiner, Matthias] Tech Univ Berlin, Off Z1, D-10623
Berlin, Germany.
[Asdrubali, Francesco] Univ Perugia, CIRIAF, Fac Ingn, I-06125 Perugia, Italy.
[Francia, Annalisa] Solsonica Spa, I-02015 Cittaducale, Rieti, Italy.
C3 Technical University of Berlin; University of Perugia
RP Traverso, M (corresponding author), Tech Univ Berlin, Off Z1, Str 17 Juni 135,
D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
EM marziatraverso@gmail.com
RI Asdrubali, Francesco/N-4690-2015; Traverso, Marzia/AAT-9006-2020
OI Asdrubali, Francesco/0000-0003-1943-7547; Traverso,
Marzia/0000-0001-8848-6292; Finkbeiner, Matthias/0000-0003-3790-5922
CR Alsema EA, 2000, PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS, V8, P17, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-
159X(200001/02)8:1<17::AID-PIP295>3.0.CO;2-C
Alsema EA, 2006, 13 CIRP INT C LIF CY
[Anonymous], 2011, REN 2011 GLOB STAT R
Asdrubali F, 2009, EUR ED SCOTL 26 28 O
Dreyer LC, 2006, INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS, V11, P88, DOI 10.1065/lca2005.08.223
EPIA, 2010, GLOB MARK OUTL PHOT
Finkbeiner Matthias, 2010, Sustainability, V2, P3309, DOI 10.3390/su2103309
Finkbeiner M, 2008, SETAC EUR 18 ANN M 2
Fthenakis VM, 2011, SOL ENERGY, V85, P1609, DOI 10.1016/j.solener.2009.10.002
Hardi P., 2000, 5 INT C SOC SCI METH
Hunkeler D., 2008, ENV LIFE CYCLE COSTI, DOI DOI 10.1201/9781420054736
ISO, 2006, ENV MAN LIF CYCL ASS
ISO, 2006, 14044 ISO
Jesinghaus J, 2000, ART AGGREGATING APPL
Jorgensen A, 2008, INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS, V13, P96, DOI 10.1065/lca2007.11.367
Kloepffer W, 2008, INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS, V13, P89, DOI 10.1065/lca2008.02.376
Klopffer W, 2003, INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS, V8, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF02978462
Koroneos C, 2006, INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS, V11, P183, DOI 10.1065/lca2004.12.192.2
Koroneos C, 2006, INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS, V11, P129, DOI 10.1065/lca2004.12.192.1
Laleman R, 2011, RENEW SUST ENERG REV, V15, P267, DOI 10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.025
PE International, 2009, GABI 4 SOFTW SYST DA
PRe Consultants, 2010, SIMAPRO 7
PRe Consultants BV, 2008, EC 99 PRINC
Swarr T.E., 2011, ENV LIFE CYCLE COSTI
Traverso M., 2009, P 4 INT C LCM2009 6
UNEP/SETAC, 2012, LIF CYCL SUST ASS
United Nations Environment Programme, 2009, GUID SOC LIF CYCL AS
NR 27
TC 115
Z9 116
U1 4
U2 72
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0948-3349
EI 1614-7502
J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS
JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess.
PD SEP
PY 2012
VL 17
IS 8
BP 1068
EP 1079
DI 10.1007/s11367-012-0433-8
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 986IP
UT WOS:000307335600013
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Bhatnagar, V
Deffrennes, M
Hugon, M
Manolatos, P
Ptackova, K
Van Goethem, G
Webster, S
AF Bhatnagar, V.
Deffrennes, M.
Hugon, M.
Manolatos, P.
Ptackova, K.
Van Goethem, G.
Webster, S.
TI FISA-2009 Conference on Euratom Research and Training Activities:
Nuclear Fission - Past, Present and Future (Generation-II, -III and -IV
plus Partitioning and Transmutation)
SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th European Commission Conference on Euratom Research and Training in
Reactor Systems (FISA) on Nuclear Engineering and Design
CY JUN 22-24, 2009
CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Czech Presidency European Union
AB This paper is an introduction to the research and training activities carried
out under the Euratom 7th Framework Programme (FP7, 2007-2011) in the field of
nuclear fission science and technology, covering in particular nuclear systems and
safety, and including innovative reactor systems and partitioning and
transmutation. It is based on the more than 40 invited lectures that were delivered
by Euratom project coordinators and keynote speakers at the FISA-2009 Conference
(FISA, 2009), organised by the European Commission DG Research, 22-24 June 2009,
Prague, Czech Republic.
The Euratom programme must be considered in the context of current and future
nuclear technology and the respective research effort:
Generation-II (i.e. yesterday, NPP construction 1970-2000): safety and
reliability of nuclear facilities and energy independence in order to ensure
security of supply worldwide;
Generation-III (i.e. today, construction 2000-2040+): continuous improvement of
safety and reliability, and increased industrial competitiveness in a growing
energy market;
Generation-IV (i.e. tomorrow, construction from 2040) for increased
sustainability though optimal utilisation of natural resources and waste
minimisation, and increased proliferation resistance.
Consequently, the focus of the lectures devoted to Generation-II and -III is on
the major scientific challenges and technological developments needed to guarantee
safety and reliability, in particular issues associated with plant lifetime
extension and operation.
The focus of the lectures devoted to Generation-IV is on the design objectives
and associated research issues that have been agreed upon internationally, in
particular the ambitious criteria and technology goals established at the
international level by the Generation-IV International Forum (GIF). In the future,
electricity must continue to be produced competitively, and in addition high
temperature process heat may also be required, while exploiting a maximum of
fissile and fertile material and recycling all actinides, both safely and reliably.
Scientific viability studies and technological performance tests for each
Generation-IV system are now being carried out in many European Union (EU) Member
States, in collaboration with other laboratories worldwide as part of the inter-
governmental GIF agreement. The ultimate phase of commercial deployment will be
from 2040, but no one can predict accurately when industry and investors will make
firm, often difficult decisions regarding the construction of these very innovative
Generation-IV systems. However, to be deployed commercially, it must first be
demonstrated that Generation-IV technology can be a beneficial, responsible and
sustainable response to the long-term challenges faced by society to establish a
low-carbon economy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bhatnagar, V.; Deffrennes, M.; Hugon, M.; Manolatos, P.; Ptackova, K.; Van
Goethem, G.; Webster, S.] Commiss European Communities, Res Directorate Gen, B-1049
Brussels, Belgium.
RP Hugon, M (corresponding author), Commiss European Communities, Res Directorate
Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium.
EM Michel.Hugon@ec.europa.eu
CR *EC, EC CLIM EN PACK CLIM
EISENHOWER AP, 1953, COMMUNICATION 1208
*EUR UT REQ, EUR UT REQ EUR ASS C
*GIF, 2009 GIF HAD 10 ACT
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2008, IAEA NUCL EN SER
Strategic Energy Technology Plan, 2007, EUROPEAN STRATEGIC E
*WANO, 1989, WORLD ASS NUCL OP WA
*WASH, 1974, WASH1400
2008, NEA OUTLOOK 1016
1957, EURATOM TREATY EURLE
2009, FISA 2009 7 EC C EUR
NR 11
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0029-5493
J9 NUCL ENG DES
JI Nucl. Eng. Des.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 241
IS 9
BP 3376
EP 3388
DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.04.018
PG 13
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Conference Proceedings Citation
Index - Science (CPCI-S)
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 827OR
UT WOS:000295438300002
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Lozano, R
Fullman, N
Abate, D
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Abyu, GY
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Acharya, D
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Adamu, AA
Adebayo, OM
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Adekanmbi, V
Adetokunboh, O
Adhena, BM
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Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.
Awasthi, Ashish
Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
Ayele, Henok Tadesse
Ayele, Yohanes
Ayer, Rakesh
Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza
Azzopardi, Peter S.
Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha
Babalola, Tesleem Kayode
Babazadeh, Arefeh
Badali, Hamid
Badawi, Alaa
Balakrishnan, Kalpana
Bali, Ayele Geleto
Banach, Maciej
Banerjee, Amitava
Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar
Banstola, Amrit
Barac, Aleksandra
Barboza, Miguel A.
Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
Barnighausen, Till Winfried
Barrero, Lope H.
Barthelemy, Celine M.
Bassat, Quique
Basu, Arindam
Basu, Sanjay
Battista, Robert J.
Baune, Bernhard T.
Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw
Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
Bedi, Neeraj
Beghi, Ettore
Behzadifar, Masoud
Behzadifar, Meysam
Bejot, Yannick
Bekele, Bayu Begashaw
Belachew, Abate Bekele
Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus
Belay, Saba Abraham
Belay, Yihalem Abebe
Bell, Michelle L.
Bello, Aminu K.
Bennett, Derrick A.
Bensenor, Isabela M.
Benzian, Habib
Berhane, Adugnaw
Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam
Berman, Adam E.
Bernabe, Eduardo
Bernstein, Robert S.
Bertolacci, Gregory J.
Beuran, Mircea
Beyranvand, Tina
Bhala, Neeraj
Bhalla, Ashish
Bhansali, Anil
Bhattarai, Suraj
Bhaumik, Somnyadeep
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Biadgo, Belete
Biehl, Molly H.
Bijani, Ali
Rikbov, Boris
Bililign, Nigus
Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shandaat
Birlik, Sait Mentes
Birungi, Charles
Bisanzio, Donal
Biswas, Tuhin
Bitew, Helen
Bizuneh, Hailemichael
Bjertness, Espen
Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa
Boufous, Soufiane
Bourne, Rupert
Bozorgmehr, Kayvan
Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
Brainin, Michael
Brant, Luisa C.
Brauer, Michael
Brazinova, Alexandra
Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.
Briant, Paul Svitil
Britton, Gabrielle
Brugha, Traolach
Bukhman, Gene
Busse, Reinhard
Butt, Zahid A.
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
Callender, Charlton S. K. H.
Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.
Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano
Cano, Jorge
Car, Josip
Car, Mate
Cardenas, Rosario
Carrero, Juan J.
Carter, Austin
Carvalho, Felix
Castaneda-Oduela, Carlos A.
Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo
Castro, Franz
Causey, Kate
Cavlin, Alanur
Cercy, Kelly M.
Cerin, Ester
Chaiah, Yazan
Chalek, Julian
Chang, Hsing-Yi
Chang, Jung-Chen
Chattopadhyay, Aparajita
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
Chaturvedi, Pankaj
Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia
Chin, Ken Lee
Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe
Chitheer, Abdulaal
Choi, Jee-Young J.
Chowdhury, Rajiv
Christensen, Hanne
Christopher, Devasahayam J.
Chung, Sheng-Chia
Cicuttini, Flavia M.
Ciobanu, Liliana G.
CiriIlo, Massimo
Claro, Rafael M.
Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne
Cohen, Aaron J.
Collado-Mateo, Daniel
Cooper, Cyrus
Cooper, Leslie Trumbull
Cornaby, Leslie
Cortinovis, Monica
Costa, Megan
Cousin, Ewerton
Cromwell, Elizabeth A.
Crowe, Christopher Stephen
Cunningham, Matthew
Daba, Alemneh Kabeta
Dadi, Abel Fekadu
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Hang, Anh Kim
Dargan, Paul I.
Daryani, Ahmad
Das, Siddharth K.
Das Gupta, Rajat
das Neves, Jose
Dasa, Tamira Tesfaye
Dash, Aditya Prasad
Davis, Adrian C.
Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil
Davletov, Kairat
Dayama, Arland
de Courten, Barbora
De Leo, Diego
De Neve, Jan-Walter
De Steur, Hans
Degefa, Meaza Girma
Degenhardt, Louisa
Degfie, Tizta Tilahun
Deiparine, Selina
Dellavalle, Robert P.
Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam
Demtsu, Balem
Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar
Deribe, Kebede
Dervenis, Nikolaos
Dessie, Getenet Ayalew
Dey, Subhojit
Dharmaratne, Samath D.
Dhimal, Meghnath
Dicker, Daniel
Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese
Ding, Eric I.
Djalalinia, Shirin
Huyen Phuc Do
Dokova, Klara
Doku, David Teye
Douwes-Schultz, Dirk
Driscoll, Tim Robert
Duan, Leilei
Dubey, Manisha
Dubljanin, Eleonora
Duken, Eyasu Ejeta
Duncan, Bruce B.
Duraes, Andre R.
Ebrahimpour, Soheil
Edvardsson, David
El Bcheraoui, Charbel
Eldrenkamp, Erika
El-Khatib, Ziad
Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.
Enayati, Ahmadali
Endries, Aman Yesuf
Eshrati, Babak
Eskandanieh, Sharareh
Esteghamati, Alireza
Esteghamati, Sadaf
Estep, Kara
Fakhar, Mahadi
Fakhim, Hamed
Fanzo, Jessica
Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
Fareed, Mohammad
Farhadi, Farzaneh
Farid, Talha A.
Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa
Tarioli, Andrea
Faro, Andre
Farvid, Maryam S.
Farzadfar, Farshad
Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein
Tarzam, Hossein
Fazaeli, Ali Akbar
Fazeli, Mir Sohail
Feigin, Valery L.
Feigl, Andrea B.
Fekadu, Wubalem
Feldman, Rachel
Fentahun, Netsanet
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
Fernandes, Eduarda
Fernandes, Joao C.
Feyissa, Garumma Tolu
Fijabi, Daniel Obadare
Filip, Irina
Finegold, Samuel
Finger, Jonas David
Tischer, Florian
Fitzmaurice, Christina
Flor, Luisa Sorio
Foigt, Nataliya A.
Foreman, Kyle J.
Frank, Tahvi D.
Franklin, Richard Charles
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Fukutaki, Kai
Fuller, John E.
Furst, Thomas
Furtado, Joao M.
Gakidou, Ernmanuela
Gallus, Silvan
Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho
Gansevoort, Ron T.
Garcia, Ana Cristina
Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A.
Gardner, William M.
Gebre, Abadi Kahsu
Gebre, Teshome
Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe
Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay
Gebremichael, Bereket
Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo
Gelano, Tilayie Feto
Geleijnse, Johanna M.
Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea
Getachew, Sefonias
Gething, Peter W.
Gezae, Kebede Embaye
Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul
Ghadimi, Reza
Ghadiri, Keyghobad
Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryarn
Ghiasvand, Hesam
Ghimire, Mamata
Choshal, Aloke Gopal
Giampaoli, Simona
Gill, Parannjit Singh
Gill, Tiffany K.
Giussani, Giorgia
Gnedovskaya, Elena V.
Goldberg, Ellen M.
Goli, Srinivas
Gona, Philimon N.
Goodridge, Amador
Gopalani, Sameer Vali
Gorman, Taren M.
Goto, Atsushi
Coulart, Alessandra C.
Coulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia
Grada, Ayman
Griswold, Max G.
Grosso, Giuseppe
Gugnani, Harish Chander C.
Guillemin, Francis
Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena
Guo, Yuming
Gupta, Prakash C.
Gupta, Rahul
Gupta, Rajeev
Gupta, Tanush
Ha, Giang Hai
Haagsma, Juanita A.
Hachinski, Vladimir
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast
Hagos, Tekleberhan B.
Haile, Michael Tamene
Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa
Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
Haj-Mirzaian, Arya
Hamadeh, Randah R.
Hamidi, Samer
Hankey, Graerne J.
Harb, Hilda L.
Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
Haririan, Hamidreza
Haro, Josep Maria
Hasan, Mehedi
Hassankhani, Hadi
Hassell, Hamid Yimam
Havmoeller, Rasmus
Hawley, Caitlin N.
Hay, Simon I.
He, Yihua
Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar
Hegazy, Mohamed I.
Heibati, Behzad
Heidari, Behnam
Heidari, Mohsen
Hendrie, Delia
Henok, Andualem
Heredia-Pi, Ileana
Herteliu, Claudiu
Heydarpour, Behzad
Heydarpour, Fatemeh
Heydarpour, Sousan
Hibstu, Desalegn T.
Hijar, Martha
Hoek, Hans W.
Hoffman, Daniel J.
Hole, Michael K.
Rad, Enayatollah Homaie
Hoogar, Praveen
Horita, Nobuyuki
Hosgood, H. Dean
Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa
Hosseinzadeff, Mehdi
Hostiuc, Alihaela
Hostiuc, Sorin
Hotez, Peter J.
Hoy, Damian G.
Hsairi, Mohamed
Hsiao, Thomas
Hu, Guoqing
Huang, John J.
Hughes, Caitlyn
Huynh, Chantal K.
Igumbor, Ehimario U.
Ikeda, Chad Thomas
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Iqbal, Usman
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Islami, Farhad
Ivers, Rebecca Q.
Izadi, Neda
Jacobsen, Kathryn H.
Jahangiry, Leila
Jahanmehr, Nader
Jain, Sudhir Kumar
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
Jalu, Moti Tolera
Jamal, Amr A.
James, Spencer I.
Jassal, Simerjot K.
Javanbakht, Mehdi
Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
Jeemon, Panniyammakal
Jha, Ravi Prakash
Jha, Vivekanand
Ji, John S.
Johnson, Catherine O.
Johnson, Sarah C.
Jonas, Just B.
Jonnagaddala, Jitendra
Shushtari, Zahra Jodoran
Joshi, Ankur
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
Jungari, Suresh Banayya
Jurisson, Mikk
Madhanraj, K.
Kabir, Zubair
Kadel, Rajendra
Kahsay, Amaha
Kahssay, Molla
Kalani, Rizwan
Kapil, Umesh
Karami, Manoochehr
Marin, Behzad Karami
Karanikolos, Marina
Karimi, Narges
Karimi, Seyed M.
Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza
Kasaeian, Amir
Kassa, Dessalegn H.
Kassa, Getachew Mullu
Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale
Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes
Kassebaum, Nicholas J.
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
Kaul, Anil
Kawakami, Norito
Kazemi, Zhila
Karyani, Ali Kazemi
Kazi, Dhruv Satish
Prakash, K. C.
Kebede, Seifu
Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
Kemmer, Laura
Kemp, Grant Rodgers
Kengne, Andre Pascal
Keren, Andre
Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khafaei, Behzad
Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
Khajavi, Alireza
Khalid, Nauman
Khalil, Ibrahim A.
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb
Khan, Muhammad Ali
Khang, Young-Ho
Khanna, Tripti
Khater, Mona M.
Khatony, Alireza
Khazaeipour, Zahra
Khazaie, Habibolah
Khoja, Abdullah T.
Khosravi, Ardeshir
Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein
Khubchandani, Jagdish
Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.
Kiarie, Helen W.
Kibret, Getiye D.
Kiirithio, Daniel N.
Kim, Daniel
Kim, Jun Y.
Kim, Young-Eun
Kim, Yun Jin
Kimokoti, Ruth W.
Kinfu, Yohannes
Kinra, Sanjay
Kisa, Adrian
Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna
Kissoon, Niranjan
Kivimaki, Mika
Kocamik, Jonathan M.
Kochhar, Sonali
Kokubo, Yoshihiro
Kolola, Tufa
Kopec, Jacek A.
Kosek, Margaret N.
Kosen, Soewarta
Koul, Parvaiz A.
Koyanagi, Ai
Kravchenko, Michael A.
Krishan, Kewal
Krohn, Kristopher J.
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
Kudom, Andreas A.
Kulikoff, Xie Rachel
Kumar, G. Anil
Kumar, Manasi
Kumar, Pushpendra
Kutz, Michael J.
Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
Lachat, Carl
Lad, Deepesh P.
Lad, Sheetal D.
Lafranconi, Alessandra
Lagat, Abraham K.
Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
Lalloo, Ratilal
Lam, Hilton
Lami, Faris Hasan
Lamichhane, Prabhat
Lan, Qing
Lang, Justin J.
Lansingh, Van C.
Lansky, Sonia
Larson, Heidi J.
Larsson, Anders
Laryea, Dennis Odai
Lassi, Zohra S.
Latifi, Arman
Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming
Laxmaiah, Avula
Lazarus, Jeffrey V.
Leasher, Janet L.
Lebedev, Georgy
Ledesma, Jorge R.
Lee, James B.
Lee, Paul H.
Leever, Andrew T.
Leigh, James
Leinsalu, Mall
Leshargie, Chem Tesema
Leung, Janni
Lewycka, Sonia
Li, Shanshan
Li, Xiaohong
Li, Yichong
Liang, Juan
Hang, Xiaofeng
Liben, Misgan Legesse
Lim, Lee-Ling
Limenih, Miteku Andualem
Linn, Shai
Liu, Shiwei
Liu, Yang
Lodha, Rakesh
Logroscino, Giancarlo
Lopez, Alan D.
Lorkowski, Stefan
Lotufo, Paulo A.
Lucchesi, Lydia R.
Lyons, Ronan A.
Macarayan, Ellyn Rachelle King
Mackay, Mark T.
Maddison, Emilie R.
Madotto, Fabiana
Maghavani, Dhaval P.
Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos
Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur
Majdan, Marek
Majdzadeh, Reza
Majeed, Azeern
Malekzadeh, Reza
Malta, Deborah Carvallo
Mamun, Abdullah A.
Manda, Ana-Laura
Rano-Filho, Luiz Garcia Manda
Mangalam, Srikanth
Manguerra, Helena
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Mapoma, Chabila Christopher
Maravilla, Joemer C.
Marcenes, Wagner
Marks, Ashley
Martin, Randall V.
Martins, Sheila C. O.
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio
Madopullo, Ira
Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa
Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard
Mathin, Mann Raj
Maulik, Pallab K.
Mazidi, Mohsen
McAlinden, Colm
McGrath, John J.
McKee, Martin
McMahon, Brian J.
Mehata, Suresh
Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
Mehrotra, Ravi
Mehta, Kala M.
Mehta, Varshil
Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola
Mekonen, Tesfa
Mekonnen, Tefera C. Chaise
Meles, Hagazi Gebre
Melese, Addisu
Melku, Mulugeta
Memiah, Peter T. N.
Memish, Ziad A.
Mendoza, Walter
Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese
Mengistu, Getnet
Mensah, George A.
Mensink, Gert B. M.
Mereta, Seid Tiku
Meretoja, Atte
Meretoja, Tuomo J.
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
Miazgowski, Bartosz
Miazgowski, Tomasz
Millear, Anoushka I.
Miller, Ted R.
Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine
Milne, George J.
Mini, G. K.
Minnig, Shawn P.
Mirabi, Parvaneh
Mirarefin, Mojde
Mintakhimoty, Erkin M.
Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen
Mitchell, Philip B.
Moazen, Babak
Moghadamnia, Ali Akbar
Mohajer, Bahram
Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
Mohammadi, Moslem
Mohammadifard, Noushin
Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa
Mohammed, Mohammed A.
Mohammed, Shafm
Mohan, Murali B. V.
Mohan, Viswanathan
Mohebi, Farnam
Moltra, Modhurima
Mokdad, Ali H.
Molokhia, Mariam
Monasta, Lorenzo
Montanez, Julio Cesar
Moosazadeh, Mahmood
Moradi, Ghobad
Moradi, Mahmoudreza
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Moradinazar, Mehdi
Moraga, Paula
Morawska, Lidia
Morgado-da-Costa, Joana
Morisaki, Naho
Morrison, Shane Douglas
Mosapour, Abbas
Moschos, Marilita M.
Mountjoy-Venning, W. Cliff
Mouodi, Simin
Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
Muche, Achenef Asmamaw
Muchie, Kindle Fentahun
Mueller, Ulrich Otto
Muhammed, Ottmer Sada S.
Mukhopadhyay, Satnada
Mullany, Erin C.
Muller, Kate
Mumford, John Everett
Murhekar, Manoj
Murthy, G. V. S.
Murthy, Srinivas
Musa, Jonah
Musa, Kamarul Imran
Mustafa, Ghulam
Muthupandian, Saravanan
Nabhan, Ashraf F.
Nachega, Jean B.
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
Nagel, Gabriele
Naghavi, Mohsen
Naheed, Aliya
Nahvijou, Azin
Naidoo, Kovin
Naik, Gurudatta
Naik, Nitish
Najafi, Farid
Naldi, Luigi
Nam, Hae Sung
Nangia, Vinay
Nansseu, Jobert Richie
Nascimento, Bruno Ramos
Nawaz, Haseeb
Neamati, Nahid
Negoi, Ionut
Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
Neupane, Subas
Newton, Charles Richard James
Ngalesoni, Frida N.
Ngunjiri, Josephine W.
Anh Nguyen
Nguyen, Grant
Ha Nguyen
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen
Huong Thanh Nguyen
Minh Nguyen
Nichols, Emma
Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
Nirayo, Yirga Legesse
Nisar, Muhammad Imran
Nixon, Molly R.
Nolutshungu, Nomonde
Nomura, Marika
Norheim, Ole F.
Noroozi, Mehdi
Norrving, Bo
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Nouri, Hamid Reza
Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour
Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza
Nyasulu, Peter S.
Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf
Ofori-Asenso, Richard
Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
Oh, In-Hwan
Okoro, Anselm
Oladimeji, Kelechi E.
Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
Olagunju, Andrew T.
Olagunju, Tinuke
Olivares, Pedro R.
Olsen, Helen Elizabeth
Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
Ong, Kanyin L.
Ong, Sok King
Oommen, Ann Mary
Opio, John Nelson
Oren, Eyal
Oros, Andrei
Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D. V.
Ortiz, Alberto
Ortiz, Justin R.
Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo
Ota, Erika
Otstavnov, Stanislav S.
Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo
Mahesh, P. A.
Pakhale, Smita
Pakhare, Abhijit P.
Pan, Wen-Hain
Pana, Adrian
Panda, Basant Kumar
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pandian, Jeyaraj Dural
Papantoniou, Nikolaos
Park, Eun-Kee
Parry, Charles D. H.
Parsian, Hadi
Patel, Shanti
Pati, Sanghamitra
Patle, Ajay
Patton, George C.
Paturi, Vishnupriya Rio
Paudel, Deepak
Paulson, Katherine R.
Pearce, Neil
Peprah, Emmanuel K.
Pereira, David M.
Perico, Norberto
Pervaiz, Aslam
Pesudovs, Konrad
Petri, William A.
Petzold, Max
Phillips, Michael R.
Pigott, David M.
Pillay, Julian David
Pirsaheb, Meghdad
Pletcher, Martin
Pond, Constance Dimity
Postma, Maarten J.
Pourshams, Akram
Poustchi, Hossein
Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
Prakash, Swayam
Prasad, Narayan
Purcell, Caroline A.
Pyakurel, Manisa
Qorbani, Mostafa
Quansah, Reginald
Radfar, Amir
Rafay, Anwar
Rafiei, Alireza
Rahim, Fakher
Rahimi, Kazem
Rahimi-Movaghar, Marin
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
Rahman, Mahfuzar
Rahman, Kid Shafiur
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
Rahman, Sajjad Ur
Rai, Rajesh Kumar
Rajati, Fatemeh
Rajsic, Sasa
Ram, Usha
Rana, Salcern M.
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Ranjan, Prabhat
Rasella, Davide
Rawaf, David Laith
Rawaf, Salman
Razo-Garcia, Christian
Reddy, K. Srinath
Reiner, Robert C.
Reis, Cesar
Reitsma, Marissa B.
Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Renzaho, Andre M. N.
Resnikoff, Serge
Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam
Rezaei, Satar
Rezaeian, Shahab
Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.
Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus
Roba, Ked Teji
Roberts, Nicholas L. S.
Roever, Leonardo
Ronfani, Luca
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Rostami, Ali
Roth, Gregory A.
Roy, Ambuj
Rubagotti, Enrico
Ruhago, George Mugambage
Sabde, Yogesh Damodar
Sachdev, Perminder S.
Saddik, Basema
Sadeghi, Ehsan
Safari, Hosein
Safari, Yahya
Safari-Faramani, Roya
Safdarian, Mandi
Safi, Sane
Safiri, Saeid
Sagar, Rajesh
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
Sajadi, Haniye Sadat
Salam, Nasir
Salama, Joseph S.
Salamati, Payman
Saldanha, Raphael De Freitas
Saleem, Zikria
Salimi, Yahya
Salimzadeh, Hamideh
Salomon, Joshua A.
Salvi, Sundeep Santosh
Satz, Inbal
Sambala, Evanson Zondani
Samy, Abdallah M.
Sanabria, Juan
Nino, Maria Dolores Sanchez
Santos, Itamar S.
Milicevic, Milena M. Santric
Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao
Sardana, Mayank
Sarker, Abdur Razzaque
Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
Sartorius, Benn
Sarvi, Shahabeddin
Sathian, Brijesh
Satpathy, Maheswar
Savic, Miloje
Sawant, Arundhati R.
Sawhney, Monika
Saxena, Sonia
Saylan, Mete
Sayyah, Mehdi
Schaeffner, Elke
Schmidt, Maria Ines
Schneider, Ione J. C.
Schotffer, Ben
Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth
Schwebel, David C.
Schwendicke, Falk
Seedat, Soraya
Sekerija, Mario
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Servan-Mori, Edson
Seyedmousavi, Seyedrnojtaba
Shabaninejad, Hosein
Shackelford, Katya Anne
Shafieesabet, Azadeh
Shaheen, Amira A.
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran
Shamsi, Mohammad Bagher
Shamsizadeff, Morteza
Sharafi, Heidar
Sharafi, Kiomars
Sharif, Mehdi
Sharif-Alhoseini, Mandi
Sharma, Jayendra
Sharma, Rajesh
Sharma, Sharad Kumar
She, Jun
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CA GBD 2017 SDG Collaborators
TI Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030
of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries
and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease
Study 2017
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SMOKING PREVALENCE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES;
ALCOHOL-USE; SUICIDE; CONSUMPTION; TRANSITION; CESSATION; MORTALITY;
NATIONS
AB Background Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early
implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great
potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG
aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-
related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of
Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on
41 of 52 health -related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index
for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to
2030, and analysed global attainment.
Methods We measured progress on 41 health-related S DG indicators from 1990 to
2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health
worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status,
and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also
improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed
national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined
indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We
also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To
construct the health related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator
on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2.5th percentile and 100 as the 97.5th
percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean
of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a
forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used
weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of
change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of
indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for
2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000
draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG
targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with
defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required
from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles
the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-
level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global
percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this
mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target
definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage
change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator.
Findings The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59.4 (IQR 35.4-
67.3), ranging from a low of 11.6 (95% uncertainty interval 9.6-14.0) to a high of
84.9 (83.1-86.7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level
varied substantially particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and
the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with
males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD)
mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to
have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level
probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality,
neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most
countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators,
including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet
corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed
some probability of attaimnent by 2030. For some indicators, including child
malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the
annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of
progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the
mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would
equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption,
respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase
in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030.
Interpretation The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the
health -related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings
underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated
data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could
accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many
health -related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence -related
indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past
gains curative interventions in the case of NCDs towards multisectoral, prevention
-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several
targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country
has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no
model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the
S DGs. What is clear is that our actions or inaction today will ultimately dictate
how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open
Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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[Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa] Mekelle Univ, Biomed Sci Div, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Lagat, Abraham K.; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Weldegwergs,
Kidu Gidey] Mekelle Univ, Clin Pharm Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Gezae, Kebede Embaye] Mekelle Univ, Dept Diostat, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Mekelle Univ, Dept Environmental Hlth Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus] Mekelle Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Muthupandian, Saravanan] Mekelle Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Mekelle,
Ethiopia.
[Degefa, Meaza Girma; Kahsay, Amaha] Mekelle Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle,
Ethiopia.
[Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay] Mekelle Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Mengistu, Getnet] Mekelle Univ, Sch Med, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Abyu, Gebre Y.] Mekelle Univ, Sch Nursing, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal; Bitew, Helen; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Gebremichael,
Teklu Gebrehiwo; Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel; Yimer, Ebrahirn M.] Mekelle Univ,
Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Abera, Semaw P.; Adhena, Beyene Meressa; Belachew, Abate Bekele; Gebregergs,
Gebremedhin Berhe] Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Demtsu, Balem; Meles, Hagazi Gebre; Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel] Mekelle Univ,
Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Abera, Semaw P.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, Stuttgart, Germany.
[Duken, Eyasu Ejeta] Wollega Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Nekentie, Ethiopia.
[Abil, Olifan Zewdie] Wollega Univ, Dept Med, Lab Sci, Nekentie, Ethiopia.
[Abil, Olifan Zewdie] Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Ondo, Nigeria.
[Aboyans, Victor] Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, France.
[Aboyans, Victor] Univ Limoges, Inst Epidemiol, Limoges, France.
[Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal] Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Dept Healthcare Policy &
Res, Doha, Qatar.
[Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal] Birzeit Univ, Inst Community & Publ Hlth, Birzeit,
Palestine.
[Abyu, Gebre Y.] Baltir Dar Univ, Dept Nursing, Baltir Dar, Ethiopia.
[Fekadu, Wubalem; Mekonnen, Tefera C. Chaise] Baltir Dar Univ, Dept Psychiat,
Baltir Dar, Ethiopia.
[Fentahun, Netsanet] Baltir Dar Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Nutr, Baltir Dar, Ethiopia.
[Amare, Azmeraw T.] Baltir Dar Univ, Baltir Dar, Ethiopia.
[Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.] Benin Clin Res
Inst, Cotonou, Benin.
[Acharya, Dilaram] Dongguk Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Gyeongju, South Korea.
[Acharya, Dilaram] Kathmandu Univ, Dept Community Med, Devdaha, Nepal.
[Pyakurel, Manisa] Kathmandu Univ, Nepalgunj Med Coll, Devdaha, Nepal.
[Acharya, Pawan] Nepal Dev Soc, Pokhara, Nepal.
[Adamu, Abdu A.; Adetokunboh, Olatunji; Wiysonge, Charles Shey] Stellenbosch
Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Parry, Charles D. H.; Seedat, Soraya] Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Psychiat, Cape
Town, South Africa.
[Nyasulu, Peter S.] Stellenbosch Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Cape Town, South
Africa.
[Adamu, Abdu A.; Adetokunboh, Olatunji] South African Med Res Council, Cochrane
South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth] South African Med Res Council, Unit Hypertens &
Cardiovasc Dis, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel] Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[Adebayo, Oladinieji M.] Univ Coll Hosp, Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[Adedeji, Isaac Akinkumui] Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Dept Sociol, Ago Lwoye,
Nigeria.
[Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji] Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Med Rehabilitadoil, Ife,
Nigeria.
[Adekanmbi, Victor] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, Wales.
[Adhikari, Tara Rattan] Ctr Social Sci & Publ Hlth Res Nepal, Nepal Hlth Res
Environm, Lalitpur, Nepal.
[Adhikari, Tara Rattan] Univ Southern Denmark, Unit Hlth Promot Res, Esbjerg,
Denmark.
[Adou, Arsene Kouablan] Lvorian Assoc Family Welf, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.
[Adsuar, Jose C.; Villafaina, Santos] Univ Extremadura, Sport Sci Dept, Badajoz,
Spain.
[Afshari, Mandi] Zabol Univ Med Sci, Zabol, Iran.
[Agarwal, Gina] McMaster Univ, Dept Family Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
[Olagunju, Tinuke] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
[Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi] Yerevan State Univ, Dept Zool, Yerevan, Armenia.
[Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi] Sci Ctr Zool & Hydroecol, Res Grp Mol Parasitol,
Yerevan, Armenia.
[Agius, Dominic] Directorate Hlth informat & Res, Dept Hlth, Pieta, Malta.
[Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha] Directorate Hlth informat & Res, Directorate Policy,
Pieta, Malta.
[Agrawal, Anurag] CSIR, Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Res Area Informat & Rig
Data, Delhi, India.
[Agrawal, Anurag] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Hotez, Peter J.] Baylor Coll Med, Natl Sch Trop Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Arora, Monika] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Hlth Promot Div, Curugram, India.
[Murthy, G. V. S.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Curugram, India.
[Zodpey, Sanjay] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Curugram, India.
[Agrawal, Sutapa] Vital Strategies, Gurugrain, India.
[Safari, Hosein] Alwaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurosurg, Nhvaz, Iran.
[Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif] Alwaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth,
Nhvaz, Iran.
[Sayyah, Mehdi] Alwaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Educ Dev Ctr, Nhvaz, Iran.
[Ahmadi, Meltdi] Alwaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Environm Technol Res Ctr,
Nhvaz, Iran.
[Yadollahpour, Ali] Alwaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Med Phys Dept, Nhvaz, Iran.
[Rahim, Fakher] Alwaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy
Res Ctr, Nhvaz, Iran.
[Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Canc Res Ctr, Tehran,
Iran.
[Khajavi, Alireza] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat, Tehran, Iran.
[Izadi, Neda; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept
Epidemiol, Tehran, Iran.
[Ahmadieh, Flamid] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Tehran, Iran.
[Safi, Sane] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Epidemiol Res Ctr, Tehran,
Iran.
[Ahmadieh, Flamid; Safi, Sane; Yaseri, Mehdi] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci,
Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
[Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci,
Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran.
[Jahanmehr, Nader] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Safety Promot & Injury Prevent
Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
[Jahanmehr, Nader] Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran.
[Mereta, Seid Tiku] Jimma Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci & Technol, Jimma,
Ethiopia.
[Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde] Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol,
Jimma, Ethiopia.
[Feyissa, Garumma Tolu] Jimma Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia.
[Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay] Jimma Univ, Dept Populat & Family Hlth, Jimma,
Ethiopia.
[Duken, Eyasu Ejeta] Jimma Univ, Mycobacteriol Res Ctr, Jimma, Ethiopia.
[Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa] Jimma Univ, Sch Pharm, Jimma, Ethiopia.
[Sarker, Abdur Razzaque] Int Ctr Diarrltoeal Dis Res, Hlth Econ & Financing Res
Grp, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[Ahmed, Sayem] Int Ctr Diarrltoeal Dis Res, Hlth Syst & Populat Studies Div,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[Naheed, Aliya] Int Ctr Diarrltoeal Dis Res, Initiat Non Communicable Dis,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[Ahmed, Sayem] Karolinska Inst, Dept Learning Informat Management & Eth,
Stockholm, Sweden.
[Carrero, Juan J.; Weiderpass, Elisabete] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol &
Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Moghadamnia, Ali Akbar] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Arnlov, Johan] Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad] Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc,
Stockholm, Sweden.
[Allebeck, Peter; El-Khatib, Ziad] Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci,
Stockholm, Sweden.
[Akanda, Ali S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kingston, RI 02881
USA.
[Akibu, Mohammed; Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese] Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Midwifery,
Debre Berman, Ethiopia.
[Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Kolola, Tufa] Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre
Berman, Ethiopia.
[Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo] Univ Ibadan, Inst Adv Med Res &
Training, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[Akinyemiju, Tomi] Univ Kentucky, Dept Epidemiol, Lexington, KY USA.
[Badawi, Alaa] Univ Toronto, Dept Nutrit Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Hosp Sick Children,
Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Akseer, Nadia] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mayo Clin, Fdn Med Educ & Res, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Rochester, MN USA.
Syrian Amer Med Soc, Res Comm, Washington, DC USA.
[Al-Aly, Ziyad] Washington Univ, Internal Med Dept, St Louis, MO USA.
[Al-Aly, Ziyad] VA St Louis Hlth Care Syst, Clin Epidemiol Ctr, St Louis, MO
USA.
[Jassal, Simerjot K.] Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO USA.
[Milne, George J.] Univ Western Australia, Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn, Perth,
WA, Australia.
[Hankey, Graerne J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Med, Perth, WA, Australia.
[Alam, Khurshid] Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Perth, WA,
Australia.
Naba Al Hayat Fdn Med Sci & Hlth Care, Najaf, Iraq.
[Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shandaat] Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol &
Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Alene, Kefyalew Addis] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra,
ACT, Australia.
[Jamal, Amr A.] King Saud Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia.
[Sobaih, Badr Hasan; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani] King Saud Univ, Dept Pediat, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia.
[Al-Eyadhy, Ayman] King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia.
[Altirkawi, Khalid] King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Univ Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
[Ali, Raghib] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Abut Dhabi, U Arab
Emirates.
[Gething, Peter W.; Lewycka, Sonia] Univ Oxford, Ctr lot Trop Med & Global Hlth,
Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England.
[Newton, Charles Richard James] Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Oxford, England.
[Ali, Raghib; Bennett, Derrick A.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth,
Oxford, England.
[Rahimi, Kazem] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Womens & Reprod Hlth, Oxford,
England.
[Alijanzadeh, Mehran] Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Qazvin, Iran.
[Rafiei, Alireza] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Sari, Iran.
[Badali, Hamid] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol, Sari, Iran.
Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol & Parasitol, Sari, Iran.
[Karimi, Narges] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurol, Sari, Iran.
[Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Sari, Iran.
[Mohammadi, Moslem] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Sari,
Iran.
[Alizadeh-Nayaei, Reza] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal Canc Res Ctr,
Sari, Iran.
[Moosazadeh, Mahmood] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Sari, Iran.
[Karimi, Narges] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Immunogenet Res Ctr, Sari, Iran.
[Rafiei, Alireza] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Mol & Cell Biol Res Ctr, Sari, Iran.
[Enayati, Ahmadali] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Sari, Iran.
[Daryani, Ahmad; Sarvi, Shahabeddin] Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res
Ctr, Sari, Iran.
[Fakhar, Mahadi; Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar; Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour]
Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sari, Iran.
[Aljunid, Syed Mohamed] Kuwait Univ Safat, Dept Hlth Policy & Management,
Kuwait, Kuwait.
[Aljunid, Syed Mohamed] Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding,
Bandar Tun Rezak, Malaysia.
[Alkerwi, Ala'a] Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg.
[Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alla, Francois] Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix &
Clin Coding, Bandar Tun Rezak, Malaysia.
[Allebeck, Peter] Swedish Res Council Hlth Working Life & Welf, Stockholm,
Sweden.
[Al-Maskari, Fatma] United Arab Emirates Univ, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.
[Al-Maskari, Fatma] Psychiat Hosp Ain Abessa Setif, Ain Abessa, Algeria.
[Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.] Jazan Univ, Mes Res Ctr, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
[Bedi, Neeraj] Jazan Univ, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
[Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.] Sanaa Univ, Dept Med Parasitol, Sanaa, Yemen.
[Alonso, Jordi] Hosp del Mar, Med Res Inst, Res Program Epidemiol & Publ Hlth,
Barcelona, Spain.
[Alonso, Jordi] Pompeu Fabra Univ, Dept Experimental & Hlth Sci, Barcelona,
Spain.
[Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia.
[Schwendicke, Falk] Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Dept Operat & Prevent Dent,
Berlin, Germany.
[Busse, Reinhard; Schaeffner, Elke] Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Inst Publ Hlth,
Berlin, Germany.
[Alsharif, Ubai] Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
[Alvis-Guzman, Nelson] Univ Cartagena, Res Grp Hlth Econ, Cartagena, Colombia.
[Alvis-Guzman, Nelson] Univ Coast, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies,
Barranquilla, Colombia.
[Amare, Azmeraw T.] South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Sansom Inst, Adelaide,
SA, Australia.
[Azzopardi, Peter S.] South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Wardliparingga
Aboriginal Researclt Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Soares Filho, Adauto Martins] Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Dis & Noncommunicable Dis &
Hlth Promot, Beirut, Lebanon.
[Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves] Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Hlth Ind Complex &
Innovat Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon.
[Zegeye, Desalegn Tegabu] Fed Minist Hlth, Policy & Planning Directorate,
Beirut, Lebanon.
[Ammar, Walid] Fed Minist Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon.
[Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf] Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Beirut,
Lebanon.
[Sibai, Abla Mehio] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Beirut,
Lebanon.
[Ammar, Walid] Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
[Anber, Nahla Hamed] Mansoura Univ, Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt.
[Negoi, Ruxandra Irina] Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Anat & Embryol Dept,
Bucharest, Romania.
[Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Hostiuc, Alihaela] Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept
Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania.
[Hostiuc, Sorin] Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Legal Med & Bioeth,
Bucharest, Romania.
[Beuran, Mircea; Negoi, Ionut] Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Emergency Hosp
Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
[Androudi, Sofia] Univ Thessaly, Dept Med, Volos, Greece.
[Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea; Shifa, Ghana Temm; Teshale, Manaye Yihune] Arba Minch
Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
[Ansari, Hossein] Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Zahedan, Iran.
[Ansariadi, Ansariadi] Hasanuddin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Makassar, Indonesia.
[Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.] Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm,
Manila, Philippines.
[Macarayan, Ellyn Rachelle King] Univ Philippines Manila, Dev & Commun Studies,
Manila, Philippines.
[Appiah, Lambert Tetteh] Koinfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Admit,
Ghana.
[Appiah, Lambert Tetteh] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Med Sci, Kumasi,
Ghana.
[Aremu, Olatunde] Birmingham City Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands,
England.
[Arnlov, Johan] Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden.
[Arora, Monika] Hlth Related Informat Disseminat Youth, Res, New Delhi, India.
[Aryal, Krishna K.] Abt Associates Nepal, Monitoring Evaluat & Operat Res
Project, Lalitpur, Nepal.
[Asghar, Rana Jawad] South Asian Publ Hlth Forum, Lahore, Pakistan.
[Sahebkar, Amirhossein] Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Biotechnol, Mashhad,
Iran.
[Assadi, Reza] Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Educ Dev Ctr, Mashhad, Iran.
[Atique, Suleman] Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan.
[Atique, Suleman] Univ Hail, Publ Hlth Dept, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
[Fanzo, Jessica] Johns Hopkins Univ, Herman Inst Bioeth, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Atre, Sachin R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Clin Global Hlth Educ, Baltimore, MD
USA.
[Nachega, Jean B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Vosoughi, Kia] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Gastrointestinal & Hepatol, Baltimore,
MD USA.
[Khoja, Abdullah T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management,
Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Kosek, Margaret N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol,
Baltimore, MD USA.
[Atre, Sachin R.] DY Patil Vidyapeeth, DY Patil Med Coll, Pune, Maharashtra,
India.
[Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan] Keirnyung Univ, Dept Social Welf, Daegu, South Korea.
[Brugha, Traolach] Univ Leicester, Dept Hlth Sci, Leicester, Leics, England.
[Ausloos, Marcel] Univ Leicester, Sch Business, Leicester, Leics, England.
[Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.] Lab Studies & Res Act Hlth, Controle Malad Infect,
Porto Novo, Benin.
[Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho] Lab Studies & Res Act Hlth, Noncommunicable Dis Dept,
Porto Novo, Benin.
[Awasthi, Ashish] Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gandhinagar, India.
[Rahman, Mahfuzar] La Trobe Univ, Austin Clint Sch Nursing, Melbourne, Vic,
Australia.
[Wijeratne, Tissa] La Trobe Univ, Dept Psychol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Edvardsson, David] La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic,
Australia.
[Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala] La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr,
Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala] Peruvian Natl Inst Hlth, Gen Off Res &
Technol Transfer, Lima, Peru.
[Ayele, Henok Tadesse; Zerfit, Taddese Alemu] Dilla Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Dilla,
Ethiopia.
[Ayer, Rakesh] Univ Tokyo, Dept Community & Global Hlth, Tokyo, Japan.
[Yamada, Tomohide] Univ Tokyo, Dept Diabet & Metab Dis, Tokyo, Japan.
[Rahman, Mahfuzar] Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan.
[Kawakami, Norito] Univ Tokyo, Dept Mental Hlth, Tokyo, Japan.
[Sposato, Luciano A.] Univ Western Ontario, Clin Neurol Sci, London, England.
[Hachinski, Vladimir] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London,
England.
[Azzopardi, Peter S.] Burnet Inst, Global Adolescent Hlth Grp, Melbourne, Vic,
Australia.
[Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha] Univ Malta, Dept Hlth Serv, Msida, Malta.
[Babalola, Tesleem Kayode; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa; Naidoo, Kovin;
Oladimeji, Kelechi E.; Sartorius, Benn] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Publ Hlth Med,
Durban, South Africa.
[Tanser, Frank C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
[Babalola, Tesleem Kayode] Univ Lagos, Dept Community Hlth & Primary Care,
Lagos, Nigeria.
[Olagunju, Andrew T.] Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria.
[Babazadeh, Arefeh; Ebrahimpour, Soheil] Ctr Infect Dis Res, Babol Sar, Iran.
[Lang, Justin J.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent Branch,
[Badawi, Alaa] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div, Toronto, ON,
Canada.
[Balakrishnan, Kalpana] Sri Ramachandra Med Coll & Res Inst, Dept Environm Hlth
Engn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Banach, Maciej] Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, Poland.
[Banach, Maciej] Polish Mothers Mem Hosp, Res Inst, Lode, Poland.
[Kivimaki, Mika; Mathin, Mann Raj] UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London,
England.
[Chung, Sheng-Chia] UCL, Dept Hlth Informat, London, England.
[Kumar, Manasi] UCL, Dept Psychol, London, England.
[Davis, Adrian C.] UCL, Ear Inst, London, England.
[Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast] UCL, Inst Global Hlth, London, England.
[Banerjee, Amitava] UCL, Inst Hlth Informat, London, England.
[Birungi, Charles] UCL, UCL Ctr Global Hlth Econ, London, England.
[Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar] Alexandria Univ, Fac Med, Alexandria, Egypt.
[Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar] Univ Hosp Fdn Santa Fe Bogota, Dept Transplant
Serv, Bogota, Colombia.
[Banstola, Amrit] Publ Hlth Perspect Nepal, Dept Res, Pokhara Lekhnath, Nepal.
[Barac, Aleksandra] Clin Ctr Serbia, Clin Infect & Trop Dis, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Milicevic, Milena M. Santric] Univ Belgrade, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth
Management, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Barac, Aleksandra; Dubljanin, Eleonora] Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade,
Serbia.
[Vujcic, Isidora S.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Med Inst Epidemiol, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo] Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, Area Estadist,
Direcc Actuarial, San Jose, Costa Rica.
[Barboza, Miguel A.] Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, Dept Neurosci, San Jose,
Costa Rica.
[Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo] Univ Costa Rica, Sch Dent, San Pedro, Costa Rica.
[Barboza, Miguel A.] Univ Costa Rica, Sch Med, San Pedro, Costa Rica.
[Khanh Bao Tran] Univ Auckland, Mol Med & Pathol, Auckland, New Zealand.
[Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn] Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand.
[Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra] Heidelberg Univ, Augenpraxis Jonas, Heidelberg,
Germany.
[Jonas, Just B.] Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Barnighausen, Till Winfried; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Moazen, Babak; Mohammed,
Shafm] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Macarayan, Ellyn Rachelle King] Harvard Univ, Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA 02115
USA.
[Wagner, Gregory R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Feigl, Andrea B.; Norheim, Ole F.; Vollmer,
Sebastian] Harvard Univ, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Bukhman, Gene] Harvard Univ, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Boston, MA 02115
USA.
[Ding, Eric I.] Harvard Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Sheikh, Aziz] Harvard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med & Primary, Boston, MA 02115
USA.
[Vaduganathan, Muthiah] Harvard Univ, Heart & Vasc Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Gupta, Prakash C.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Shrime, Mark G.; Yakob, Bereket] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Barrero, Lope H.] Pontifica Javeriana Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia.
[Bassat, Quique; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.] Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona,
Spain.
[Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.] Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, TB Dept, Barcelona,
Spain.
[Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.] Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, TB, Manhica, Mozambique.
[Basu, Arindam] Univ Canterbury, Sch Hlth Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand.
[Salomon, Joshua A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy & Ctr Primary Care &
Outcomes Res, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Basu, Sanjay] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Palo Alto, CA USA.
[Battista, Robert J.; Fazeli, Mir Sohail] Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, CA USA.
[Baune, Bernhard T.] Melbourne Med Sch, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad] Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Dept Psychiat, 1621 E
120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA.
[Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav
Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Bedi, Neeraj] Gandhi Med Coll Bhopal, Dept Community Med, Bhopal, India.
[Gallus, Silvan] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Tehran, Iran.
[Beghi, Ettore; Giussani, Giorgia] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurosci, Tehran,
Iran.
[Cortinovis, Monica] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Oncol, Tehran, Iran.
[Perico, Norberto] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Renal Med, Tehran, Iran.
[Remuzzi, Giuseppe] Iran Univ Med Sci, Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Tehran,
Iran.
[Heibati, Behzad] Iran Univ Med Sci, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
[Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Tehran,
Iran.
[Shabaninejad, Hosein] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy, Tehran, Iran.
[Safdarian, Mandi; Shabaninejad, Hosein] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy,
Tehran, Iran.
[Behzadifar, Meysam] Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran,
Iran.
[Yousefifard, Mahmoud] Iran Univ Med Sci, Physiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
[Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Vosoughi, Kia] Iran Univ Med
Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
[Behzadifar, Masoud] Lorestart Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr,
Kborramabad, Iran.
[Bejot, Yannick] Univ Hosp Dijon, Dept Neurol, Dijon, France.
[Bejot, Yannick] Univ Burgundy, Dijon Stroke Registry, UFR Sci Sante, Dijon,
France.
[Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Hassell, Hamid Yimam] Mizan Tepi Univ, Publ Hlth Dept,
Terri, Ethiopia.
[Belay, Saba Abraham] Tewelde Legesse Hlth Sci Coll, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Huang, John J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, New Haven, CT USA.
[Bell, Michelle L.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT
06511 USA.
[Bello, Aminu K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Coulart, Alessandra C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo,
Brazil.
[Rano-Filho, Luiz Garcia Manda] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biomech, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Bensenor, Isabela M.; Santos, Itamar S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao
Paulo, Brazil.
[Lotufo, Paulo A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Sao
Paulo, Brazil.
[Wang, Yanping] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Furtado, Joao M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Div Ophthalmol, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Coulart, Alessandra C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, Internal Med Dept, Sao
Paulo, Brazil.
[Shafieesabet, Azadeh] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Benzian, Habib] NYU, WHO Collaborating Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam; Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe] Wolaita Sodo Univ,
Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Berman, Adam E.] Augusta Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Div Cardiol, Augusta, GA USA.
[Berman, Adam E.] London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Hlth Policy, London,
England.
[Kadel, Rajendra] London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Personal Social Serv Res Unit,
London, England.
[Bernabe, Eduardo] Kings Coll London, Dent Inst, London, England.
[Marcenes, Wagner] Kings Coll London, Div Patient & Populat, London, England.
[Dargan, Paul I.; Molokhia, Mariam] Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med,
London, England.
[Wolfe, Charles D. A.] Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci,
London, England.
[Bernstein, Robert S.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322
USA.
[Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
[Bernstein, Robert S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Tampa, FL USA.
[Bhala, Neeraj] Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Inst Appl Hlth Res & Translat
Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
[Bhala, Neeraj] Univ Birmingham, IAHR, ITM, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
[Bhalla, Ashish; Lad, Deepesh P.] Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Internal
Med, Chandigarh, India.
[Lad, Sheetal D.] Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat, Chandigarh, India.
[Thakur, Jamail Singh] Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh,
India.
[Karanikolos, Marina] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Global Chron Condit,
London, England.
[Cano, Jorge] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England.
[McKee, Martin] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London,
England.
[Larson, Heidi J.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London,
England.
[Pearce, Neil] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Med Stat, London, England.
[Kinra, Sanjay; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept
Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, London, England.
[Bhattarai, Suraj] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
[Bhattarai, Suraj] Nepal Acad Sci &Technol, Patan, Nepal.
[Ivers, Rebecca Q.] George Inst Global Hlth, Injury Div, New Delhi, India.
[Bhaumik, Somnyadeep; Jha, Vivekanand; Maulik, Pallab K.] George Inst Global
Hlth, New Delhi, India.
[Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi,
Pakistan.
[Nisar, Muhammad Imran] Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Karachi,
Pakistan.
[Nouri, Hamid Reza] Babol Univ Med Sci, Cellular & Mol Biol Res Ctr, Babol Sar,
Iran.
[Mosapour, Abbas; Neamati, Nahid; Parsian, Hadi] Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin
Biochem, Babol Sar, Iran.
[Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa] Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Babol Sar, Iran.
[Mirabi, Parvaneh] Babol Univ Med Sci, Fatemelt Zaltra Iufertil & Reprod Hlth
Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran.
[Ghadimi, Reza; Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryarn] Babol Univ Med Sci, Hlth Res Inst,
Babol Sar, Iran.
[Seyedmousavi, Seyedrnojtaba] Babol Univ Med Sci, Immunoregulat Res Ctr, Babol
Sar, Iran.
[Rostami, Ali] Babol Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis & Trop Med Res Ctr, Babol Sar,
Iran.
[Bijani, Ali] Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinant Hlth Res Ctr, Babol Sar,
Iran.
[Zamani, Mohammad] Babol Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Babol Sar, Iran.
[Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Moghadamnia, Ali Akbar; Mouodi, Simin] Babol Univ Med Sci,
Babol Sar, Iran.
[Bililign, Nigus] Woldia Univ, Woldia, Ethiopia.
[Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shandaat] Univ Dhaka, Dept Clin Pharm & Pharmacol, Ramna,
Bangladesh.
[Tarioli, Andrea; Violante, Francesco S.] Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci,
Bologna, Italy.
[Birlik, Sait Mentes] Polyneuropathy Fdn Int, Guillain Barre Syndrome, Chron
Inflammatory Demyelinating, Conshohocken, PA USA.
[Adebayo, Oladinieji M.] United Nations Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, Ctr AID
Program Res South Africa CAPRISA TB, Gaborone, Botswana.
[Adebayo, Oladinieji M.] United Nations Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, HIV
Pathogenesis Unit, Gaborone, Botswana.
[Birungi, Charles] United Nations Programme HIV AIDS UNAIDS, Fast Track
Implementat Dept, Gaborone, Botswana.
[Bisanzio, Donal] Res Triangle Inst Int, Global Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC
USA.
[Bisanzio, Donal; Shokraneh, Farhad] Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Nottingham,
England.
[Filip, Irina] AT Still Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Haile, Michael Tamene] St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Dept Nursing, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Bizuneh, Hailemichael] St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
[Kisa, Adrian] Univ Oslo, Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ, Oslo, Norway.
[Winkler, Andrea Sylvia] Univ Oslo, Inst Hlth & Soc, Oslo, Norway.
[Bjertness, Espen] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
[Mamun, Abdullah A.; Maravilla, Joemer C.] Univ Queensland, Inst Social Sci Res,
[Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat,
[McGrath, John J.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld,
Australia.
[Lalloo, Ratilal] Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Leung, Janni; Whiteford, Harvey A.] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Degenhardt, Louisa] Univ New South Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney,
NSW, Australia.
[Maulik, Pallab K.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Mitchell, Philip B.; Sachdev, Perminder S.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat,
Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Jonnagaddala, Jitendra] Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med,
[Boufous, Soufiane] Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety Res, Sydney,
NSW, Australia.
[Bourne, Rupert] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, England.
[Bozorgmehr, Kayvan] Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Dept General Practice & Hlth Serv
Res, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi] Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
[Brainin, Michael] Danube Univ Krems, Dept Clin Neurosci & Prevent Med, Krems,
Austria.
[Malta, Deborah Carvallo] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing &
Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp
Fed Univ Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Claro, Rafael M.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Nutr Dept, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Postgrad Program Infect Dis &
Trop Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Brant, Luisa C.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Med & Clin Hosp, Belo Horizonte,
MG, Brazil.
[Kissoon, Niranjan; Murthy, Srinivas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat,
Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Brauer, Michael; Butt, Zahid A.; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal] Univ British Columbia,
Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Kopec, Jacek A.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Brazinova, Alexandra] Comenius Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Bratislava, Slovakia.
[Yotebieng, Marcel] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH USA.
[Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.] Ohio State Univ, Psychiat & Behav Hlth Dept,
Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Britton, Gabrielle] Litstttiite Sci Res & High Technol Serv, Neurosci, City Of
Knowledge, Panama.
[Goodridge, Amador] Litstttiite Sci Res & High Technol Serv, TB Biontarker Res
Unit, City Of Knowledge, Panama.
[Castro, Franz] Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Dept Res & Hlth Technol
Assessment, Panama City, Panama.
[Britton, Gabrielle] Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama.
[Bukhman, Gene] Partners Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
[Butt, Zahid A.] Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Al Shifa Sch Publ Hlth, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan.
[Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano] Univ Valley Cuernavaca, Sch Med, Cuernavaca,
Morelos, Mexico.
[Car, Josip] Nanyang Technol Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Singapore, Singapore.
[Soljak, Michael] Nanyang Technol Univ, LKCMed, Singapore, Singapore.
[Car, Lorainne Tudor] Nanyang Technol Univ, Lee Kong Chian Sch Med, Singapore,
Singapore.
[Thintnavukkarasu, Sathish] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, Singapore.
[Car, Mate; Majeed, Azeern; Rawaf, Salman; Soljak, Michael] Imperial Coll
London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.
[Davis, Adrian C.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Surg & Canc, London, England.
[Car, Josip] Imperial Coll London, Global eHlth Unit, London, England.
[Saxena, Sonia] Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England.
[Rawaf, David Laith; Shoman, Haitham] Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating
Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England.
[Car, Mate] Minist Hlth, Zagreb, Croatia.
[Cardenas, Rosario] Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Populat & Hlth, Mexico
City, DF, Mexico.
[Carvalho, Felix] Univ Porto, Appl Mol Biosci Unit, Porto, Portugal.
[das Neves, Jose] Univ Porto, Inst Res & Innovat Hlth i3S, Porto, Portugal.
[das Neves, Jose] Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Engn INEB, Porto, Portugal.
[Carvalho, Felix] Univ Porto, Inst Publ Hlth, Porto, Portugal.
[Fernandes, Eduarda; Pereira, David M.] Univ Porto, REQUIMTE, LAQV, Porto,
Portugal.
[Silva, Joao Pedro] Univ Porto, UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal.
[Castaneda-Oduela, Carlos A.] Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ,
Bogota, Colombia.
[Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Ctr Prevent & Control HIV,
Bogota, Colombia.
[Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos] Natl Inst Hlth, AIDS, Bogota, Colombia.
[Spinelli, Angela] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Bogota,
Colombia.
[Castaneda-Oduela, Carlos A.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat
Grp, Bogota, Colombia.
[Bicer, Burcu Kucuk] Hacettepe Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ankara, Turkey.
[Cavlin, Alanur] Hacettepe Univ, Inst Populat Studies, Ankara, Turkey.
[Cerin, Ester] Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res,
[Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.] Australian Catholic Univ, Brain Inst, Melbourne, Vic,
Australia.
[Yip, Paul] Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
Peoples R China.
[Cerin, Ester] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R
China.
[Yip, Paul] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Chaiah, Yazan; Memish, Ziad A.; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Temsah, Omar] Alfaisal
Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
[Montanez, Julio Cesar] Natl Hlth Res Inst, Hlth Syst Res Ctr, Zhunan Township,
Taiwan.
[Chang, Hsing-Yi] Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Populat Hlth Sci, Zhunan Township,
Taiwan.
[Chang, Jung-Chen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Chattopadhyay, Aparajita] Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Bombay,
Maharashtra, India.
[Panda, Basant Kumar] Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Fertil Studies, Bombay,
Maharashtra, India.
[Patle, Ajay] Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Populat Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra,
India.
[Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Ram, Usha] Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth &
Mortal Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
[Kumar, Pushpendra] Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
[Chattu, Vijay Kumar] Univ West Indies, Fac Med Sci, St Augustine, Trinidad
Tobago.
[Chaturvedi, Pankaj] Tata Mem Hosp, Surg Oncol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
[Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia] Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance, Cold Coast, Qld,
Australia.
[Ofori-Asenso, Richard] Monash Univ, Ctr Cardiovasc Res & Educ Therapeut,
[Chin, Ken Lee] Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic,
Australia.
[de Courten, Barbora] Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Hlth Res & Implementat, Melbourne,
Vic, Australia.
[Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Guo, Yuming; Li, Shanshan] Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth &
Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe] Univ Zambia, Dept Populat Studies, Lusaka,
Zambia.
[Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe] Univ Witwatersrand, Demog & Populat Studies,
Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Chitheer, Abdulaal] Minist Hlth, Baghdad, Iraq.
[Choi, Jee-Young J.] Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Biochem, Biomed Sci, Seoul, South
Korea.
[Chowdhury, Rajiv] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge,
England.
[Truelsen, Thomas Clement] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Neurol, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Christensen, Hanne] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Clin Med, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Christensen, Hanne] Univ Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Oommen, Ann Mary] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Hlth, Vellore,
Tamil Nadu, India.
[Thomas, Nihal] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu,
India.
[Pandian, Jeyaraj Dural] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Neurol, Vellore, Tamil
Nadu, India.
[Murray, Christopher J. L.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Vellore,
Tamil Nadu, India.
[Chung, Sheng-Chia] Hlth Data Res UK, London, England.
[Gill, Tiffany K.; Giussani, Giorgia] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide,
SA, Australia.
[Opio, John Nelson] Univ Adelaide, Joanna Briggs Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Lassi, Zohra S.] Univ Adelaide, Robinson Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[CiriIlo, Massimo] Univ Salerno, Scuola Med Salernitana, Baronissi, Italy.
[Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne] North RhineWestphatia Ctr Hlth, Dept Hlth
Assessments & Forecasting, Bochum, Germany.
[Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne] Bielefeld Univ, Bielefeld Sch Publ Hlth,
Bielefeld, Germany.
[Tischer, Florian] Bielefeld Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Bielefeld, Germany.
[Cohen, Aaron J.] Hlth Effechs Inst, Boston, MA USA.
[Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A.] Autonomous Univ Chile, Fac Business & Management,
Talca, Chile.
[Collado-Mateo, Daniel] Autonomous Univ Chile, Fac Educ, Talca, Chile.
[Olivares, Pedro R.] Autonomous Univ Chile, Inst Phys Act & Hlth, Talca, Chile.
[Cooper, Cyrus] Univ Southampton, NIHR Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Southampton,
Hants, England.
[Cooper, Leslie Trumbull] Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Jacksonville, FL 32224
USA.
[Costa, Megan] Arizona State Univ, T Denny Sanford Sch Social & Family Dynam,
Tempe, AZ USA.
[Costa, Megan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
[Martins, Sheila C. O.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Internal Med Neurol,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
[Cousin, Ewerton; Duncan, Bruce B.; Coulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia; Schmidt,
Maria Ines] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre,
RS, Brazil.
[Daba, Alemneh Kabeta] Hawassa Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
[Hibstu, Desalegn T.] Hawassa Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
[Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes] Hawassa Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Hawassa,
Ethiopia.
[Dadi, Abel Fekadu] Flinders Univ S Australia, Discipline Publ Hlth, Adelaide,
SA, Australia.
[Huyen Phuc Do; Ha, Giang Hai; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Tung Thanh Tran] Duy Tan
Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, Vietnam.
[Wolfe, Charles D. A.] Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Biomed Res Council,
London, England.
[Dargan, Paul I.] Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Clin Toxicol Serv, London,
England.
[Das, Siddharth K.] KG Med Univ, Dept Rheumatol, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
[Das Gupta, Rajat; Hasan, Mehedi; Sutradhar, Ipsita] BRAC Univ, James P Grant
Sch Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[Rahman, Mahfuzar] BRAC Univ, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[Dash, Aditya Prasad] Cent Univ Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India.
[Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil] Clin Emergency Hosp Sf Pantelimon, Dept Surg,
Bucharest, Romania.
[Davletov, Kairat] Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan.
[Dayama, Arland] San Joaquin Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, French Camp, CA USA.
[de Courten, Barbora] Monash Hlth, Dept Diabet & Vasc Med, Melbourne, Vic,
Australia.
[De Leo, Diego] Griffith Univ, Australian Inst Suicide Res & Prevent, Mt
Gravatt, Qld, Australia.
[Tadakamatha, Santosh Kumar] Griffith Univ, Menzies Hlth Inst Queensland, Mt
Gravatt, Qld, Australia.
[De Steur, Hans] Univ Ghent, Dept Agr Econ, Ghent, Belgium.
[Lachat, Carl] Univ Ghent, Dept Food Technol Safety & Hlth, Ghent, Belgium.
[Zerfit, Taddese Alemu] African Populat Hlth Res Ctr, Maternal & Child Wellbeing
Unit, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Degfie, Tizta Tilahun] African Populat Hlth Res Ctr, Populat Dynam & Reprod
Hlth Unit, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Dellavalle, Robert P.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA.
[Dellavalle, Robert P.] US Dept Vet Affairs, Dermatol Serv, Denver, CO USA.
[Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam] Aksum Univ, Dept Clinical Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia.
[Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu] Aksum Univ, Dept Med, Lab Sci, Aksum, Ethiopia.
[Deribe, Kebede] Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Infect, Brighton,
E Sussex, England.
[Dervenis, Nikolaos] Natl Hlth Serv Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Dervenis, Nikolaos] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
[Dey, Subhojit] Disha Fdn, Gurgaon, India.
[Dharmaratne, Samath D.] Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri
Lanka.
[Dhimal, Meghnath] Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[Eshrati, Babak] Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Ctr Communicable Dis Control, Tehran,
Iran.
[Djalalinia, Shirin] Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Deputy Res & Technol, Tehran, Iran.
[Kazemi, Zhila; Khosravi, Ardeshir] Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran.
[Dokova, Klara] Med Univ Varna, Dept Social Med & Hlth Care Org, Varna,
Bulgaria.
[Kudom, Andreas A.] Univ Cape Coast, Conservat Biol & Entomol, Cape Coast,
Ghana.
[Doku, David Teye] Univ Cape Coast, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, Ghana.
[Neupane, Subas] Univ Tampere, Fac Social Sci, Tampere, Finland.
[Doku, David Teye] Univ Tampere, Fac Social Sci, Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland.
[Leigh, James] Univ Sydney, Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW,
Australia.
[Driscoll, Tim Robert] Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW,
Australia.
[Ye, Pengpeng] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Prevent & Mental
Hlth Improvement, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Duan, Leilei; Zhou, Maigeng] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron
& Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Dubey, Manisha] United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India.
[Rasella, Davide] Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Publ Hlth, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
[Duraes, Andre R.] Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
[Duraes, Andre R.] Roberto Santos Gen Hosp, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
[Edvardsson, David] Umea Univ, Dept Nursing, Umea, Sweden.
[Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.] Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit,
Jakarta, Indonesia.
[Endries, Aman Yesuf] St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Publ Hlth Dept, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Fakhim, Hamed] Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Parasitol & Mycol, Orumiyeh, Iran.
[Fanzo, Jessica] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Nutr & Food Syst Div, Rome,
Italy.
[Fareed, Mohammad] Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia.
[Khoja, Abdullah T.] Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Publ Hlth,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
[Farid, Talha A.; Vaidya, Gaurang] Univ Louisville, Div Cardiovasc Med,
Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
[Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa] Natl Stat Off, Lisbon, Portugal.
[Faro, Andre] Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, Brazil.
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Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
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Karnataka, India.
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Cent South Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
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[Mehndiratta, Man Mohan] Janakpuri Super Specialty Hosp Soc, Neurol Dept, New
Delhi, India.
[Mehrotra, Ravi] Natl Inst Canc Prevent & Res, Prevent Oncol, Noida, India.
[Mehta, Varshil] SevenHills Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
[Memish, Ziad A.] Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hosp, Res Dept, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia.
[Tawye, Nega Timer] Wollo Univ, Dept Adult Hlth Nursing, Dessie, Ethiopia.
[Mengistu, Getnet] Wollo Univ, Dept Pharm, Dessie, Ethiopia.
[Mekonnen, Tefera C. Chaise] Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dessie, Ethiopia.
[Melese, Addisu] Debre Tabor Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
[Memiah, Peter T. N.] Univ West Florida, Dept Publ Hlth, Pensacola, FL 32514
USA.
[Mendoza, Walter] United Nations Populat Fund UNITA, Peru Country Off, Lima,
Peru.
[Meretoja, Tuomo J.] Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
[Meretoja, Atte] Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neuroctr, Helsinki, Finland.
[Mestrovic, Tomislav] Dr Zora Profoz Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit,
Zagreb, Croatia.
[Mestrovic, Tomislav] Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia.
[Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane] Ethiopian Acad Med Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Miazgowski, Tomasz] Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Hypertens, Szczecin, Poland.
[Miazgowski, Bartosz] Pomeranian Med Univ, Emergency Dept, Szczecin, Poland.
[Widecka, Justyna] Pomeranian Med Univ, Zddroje Hosp, Szczecin, Poland.
[Miller, Ted R.] Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA.
[Minnig, Shawn P.] Bellingham Tech Coll, Inst Res, Bellingham, WA USA.
[Minnig, Shawn P.] Whatcom Community Coll, Inst Res, Bellingham, WA USA.
[Mirarefin, Mojde] Nevada Div Publ & Behav Hlth, Carson City, NV USA.
[Mintakhimoty, Erkin M.] Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Fac Gen Med, Bishkek,
Kyrgyzstan.
[Mintakhimoty, Erkin M.] Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis &
Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
[Moazen, Babak] Frankfurt Univ Appl Sci, Inst Addict Res ISFT, Frankfurt,
Germany.
[Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin] Salaltaddin Univ, Dept Biol, Erbil, Iraq.
[Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin] ISHIK Univ, Erbil, Iraq.
[Mohammadifard, Noushin] Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan,
Iran.
[Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin] Igjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
[Tassew, Aberash Abay] Allinadu Bello Univ, Dept Community Med, Zaria, Nigeria.
[Shamsi, Mohammad Bagher] Allinadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit,
Zaria, Nigeria.
[Mohan, Murali B. V.] Narayana Hlth, Pulnionol & Internal Med, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India.
[Mohan, Viswanathan] Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Dept Diabetol, Madras, Tamil Nadu,
India.
[Monasta, Lorenzo; Ronfani, Luca] Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Clin Epidemiol & Publ
Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy.
Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste,
Italy.
[Moradi, Ghobad] Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sanandaj,
Iran.
[Moradi, Ghobad] Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr,
Sanandaj, Iran.
[Moraga, Paula] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England.
[Morawska, Lidia] Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane,
Qld, Australia.
[To, Quyen G.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Brisbane, Qld,
Australia.
[Morgado-da-Costa, Joana] Hosp Ctr Porto, Hosp Sto Antonio, Porto, Portugal.
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[Mosapour, Abbas] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Tehran, Iran.
[Moschos, Marilita M.] Univ Athens, Dept Ophthalmol, Athens, Greece.
[Moschos, Marilita M.] Acad Athens, Biomed Res Fdn, Athens, Greece.
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Wiesbaden, Germany.
[Werdecker, Andrea] Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Ageing Res Area,
Wiesbaden, Germany.
[Mueller, Ulrich Otto] Ctr Populat & Hlth, Wiesbaden, Germany.
[Mukhopadhyay, Satnada] Inst Post Grad Med Educ & Res, Dept Endocrinol & Metab,
Kolkata, India.
[Murhekar, Manoj] Natl Inst Epidemiol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Musa, Jonah] Univ Jos, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jos, Nigeria.
[Musa, Jonah] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Global Hlth, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
[Yano, Yuichiro] Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
[Musa, Kamarul Imran] Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
[Mustafa, Ghulam] Nislitar Med Univ, Pediat Dept, Multan, Pakistan.
[Mustafa, Ghulam] Inst Mother & Child Care, Pediat & Pediat Pulnionol, Multi,
Pakistan.
[Nachega, Jean B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
[Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman] Initiat Financing & Human Dev, Dept Res &
Analyt, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Nagel, Gabriele] Univ Ulm, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany.
[Naidoo, Kovin] Salus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA.
[Naldi, Luigi] San Bortolo Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Vicenza, Italy.
[Naldi, Luigi] GISED Study Ctr, Bergamo, Italy.
[Nam, Hae Sung] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Prevent Med & Publ l lealth, Sch Med,
Daejeon, South Korea.
[Nam, Hae Sung] Chungnani Natl Univ Hosp, Daejeon Reg Canc Ctr, Daejeon, South
Korea.
[Nangia, Vinay] Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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[Ngalesoni, Frida N.] Minist Hlth Community Dev Gender Elderly & Childr, Dar Es
Salaam, Tanzania.
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Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Semarang, Indonesia.
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Africa.
[Norheim, Ole F.] Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen,
Norway.
[Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf] Aix Marseille Univ, Inst Adv Res, Marseille, France.
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[Renzaho, Andre M. N.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith,
NSW, Australia.
[Oh, In-Hwan] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea.
[Okoro, Anselm] Soc Family Hlth, Res Measurement & Results, Fct, Nigeria.
[Oladimeji, Olanrewaju] Human Sci Res Council, Dept Hiv AIDS & TB, Durban, South
Africa.
[Oladimeji, Olanrewaju] Univ Namibia, Sch Publ Hlth, Oshakati Campus, Windhoek,
Namibia.
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Initiat, Ikoyi, Nigeria.
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Brunei.
[Ong, Sok King] Univ Brunei Darussalam, Inst Hlth Sci, Gadong, Brunei.
[Opio, John Nelson] Lira Dist Local Govt, Dept Hlth, Lira, Uganda.
[Oren, Eyal] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Soriano, Joan B.] Autonomous Univ Madrid, Pneumol Serv, Madrid, Spain.
[Ortiz, Alberto] Autonomous Univ Madrid, Sch Med, Madrid, Spain.
[Ortiz, Alberto] Jinienez Diaz Univ Hosp, Inst Hlth Res Fdn, Nephrol &
Hypertens, Madrid, Spain.
Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo] Jonkoping Univ, Sch Hlth & Welf, Jonkoping, Sweden.
[Ota, Erika] St Lukes Int Univ, Dept Global Hlth Nursing, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
[Otstavnov, Stanislav S.] Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Ctr Healthcare Qual
Assessment & Control, Moscow, Russia.
[Otstavnov, Stanislav S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow Inst Phys &
Technol, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.
Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Univ, Dept TB & Resp Med, Mysore, Karnataka,
India.
[Pakhale, Smita] Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Pan, Wen-Hain] Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Pana, Adrian] Ctr Hlth Outcomes Kee Evaluat, Lealth Outcomes, Bucharest,
Romania.
[Papantoniou, Nikolaos] Attikon Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chaidrai,
Greece.
[Park, Eun-Kee] Kosin Univ, Dept Med Human & Social Med, Busan, South Korea.
[Patel, Shanti] Maimonides Hosp, Dept Med, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA.
[Patle, Ajay] Int Inst Hlth Management Res, New Delhi, India.
[Patton, George C.] Murdoch Childress Res Inst, Populat Hlth Grp, Melbourne,
Vic, Australia.
[Weintraub, Robert G.] Murdoch Childress Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Paturi, Vishnupriya Rio] Diabet Res Soc, Clin Res Dept, Hyderabad, India.
[Paturi, Vishnupriya Rio] DiabetOnuics, Dept Clin Res, Portland, OR USA.
[Paudel, Deepak] Save Children, Hlth Nutr & HIV AIDS Program, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[Paudel, Deepak] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany.
[Pereira, David M.] Cartagena Univ, Cartagena, Colombia.
[Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman] Univ Virginia, Anesthesiol Dept, Charlottesville,
VA USA.
[Petri, William A.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
[Petzold, Max; Stockfelt, Leo] Univ Gothenburg, Inst Med, Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Petzold, Max] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Phillips, Michael R.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai,
Peoples R China.
[Pillay, Julian David] Durban Univ Technol, Basic Med Sci Dept, Durban, South
Africa.
[Pond, Constance Dimity] Univ Newcastle, Discipline Gen Practice, Callaghan,
NSW, Australia.
[Postma, Maarten J.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen,
Netherlands.
[Prakash, Swayam] Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Inst Med Sci, Dept Nephrol,
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
[Qorbani, Mostafa] Alborg Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj,
Iran.
[Quansah, Reginald] Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Accra, Ghana.
[Radfar, Amir] Medichem, Barcelona, Spain.
[Rafay, Anwar] Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Lahore,
Pakistan.
[Rana, Salcern M.] Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan.
[Rahman, Mahfuzar] Global Publ Hlth Res Fdn, Div Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[Rahman, Sajjad Ur] Sweidi Hosp, Dept Clin Pediat, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
[Rahman, Sajjad Ur] North West Univ, Dept Pediat, Peshawar, Pakistan.
[Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth] North West Univ, Hypertens Africa Res Team,
Peshawar, Pakistan.
[Rai, Rajesh Kumar] Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Sufi, India.
[Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Vollmer, Sebastian] Univ Gottingen, Dept Econ, Gottingen,
Germany.
[Rajsic, Sasa] Med Univ Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
[Rana, Salcern M.] Univ Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Dept, Lahore, Pakistan.
[Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal] Yonsei Univ, Inst Poverty Alleviat & Int Dev, Wonju,
South Korea.
[Rasella, Davide] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Goncalo Moniz Inst, Salvador, BA,
Brazil.
[Saldanha, Raphael De Freitas] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Sci & Technol Commun
& Informat Hlth, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
[Rawaf, David Laith] Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England.
[Rawaf, Salman] Publ Hlth England, London, England.
[Reis, Cesar] Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Occupat Med, Loma
Linda, CA USA.
[Resnikoff, Serge] Brien Holden Vision Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Resnikoff, Serge] Org Prevent Blindness, Paris, France.
[Riahi, Seyed Mohammad] Birjand Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Birjand, Iran.
[Roever, Leonardo] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Dept Clin Res, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
[Roshandel, Gholamreza] Golestan Univ Med Sci, Gorestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol &
Hepatol, Gorgan, Iran.
[Rubagotti, Enrico] IKIAM Amazon Reg Univ, Biotechnol, Ciudad De Tena, Ecuador.
[Rubagotti, Enrico] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci & Engn,
Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
[Sunguya, Bruno F.] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Community Hlth, Dar
Es Salaam, Tanzania.
[Ruhago, George Mugambage] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dar
Es Salaam, Tanzania.
[Sachdev, Perminder S.] Prince Wales Hosp, Neuropsychiat Inst, Randwick, NSW,
Australia.
[Saddik, Basema] Univ Sharjah, Med Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates.
[Salam, Nasir] Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud IslamIc Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia.
[Salamati, Payman] York Univ, Sch Hlth & Policy Management, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Saleem, Zikria] Punjab Univ Coll Pharm, Anarkali, Pakistan.
[Salvi, Sundeep Santosh] Chest Res Fdn, Clin Res Div, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Minist Hlth, Hlth & Disabil Intelligence Grp, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Sanabria, Juan] Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USA.
[Sanabria, Juan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland,
OH 44106 USA.
[Nino, Maria Dolores Sanchez] Jimenez Diaz Fdn Univ, Hosp Inst Hlth Res, Jimenez
Diaz Fdn Univ, Nephrol Grp, Madrid, Spain.
[Sardana, Mayank] Univ Massachusetts, Med Sch, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605
USA.
[Sathian, Brijesh] Hamad Med Corp, Surg Dept, Doha, Qatar.
[Sathian, Brijesh] Bournemouth Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Sci, Bournemouth, Dorset,
England.
[Satpathy, Maheswar] Utkal Univ, UGC Ctr Adv Study Psychol, Bhubaneswar, India.
[Satpathy, Maheswar] UdyamGlobal Assoc Sustainable Dev, Bhubaneswar, India.
[Savic, Miloje] GSK Biol, Wayne, NJ USA.
[Sawhney, Monika] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA.
[Sawhney, Monika; Saylan, Mete] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte,
NC USA.
[Schneider, Ione J. C.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Sch Hlth Sci, Ararangua,
Brazil.
[Schotffer, Ben] German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res,
Heidelberg, Germany.
[Sekerija, Mario] Univ Zagreb, Dept Med Stat Epidemiol arid Med Informat,
Zagreb, Croatia.
[Sekerija, Mario] Croatian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Chron
Noncommunicable Dis, Zagreb, Croatia.
[Shaheen, Amira A.] An Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, Palestine.
[Sharif, Mehdi] Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Sari, Iran.
Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Lab Sci, Sari, Iran.
[Sharma, Jayendra] Minist Hlth, Policy & Planning Div, Thimphi, Bhutan.
[Sharma, Rajesh] Delhi Technol Univ, Univ Sch Management arid Entrepreneurship,
New Delhi, India.
[Sharma, Sharad Kumar] Dept Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[She, Jun] Fudan Univ, Dept Pulm Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[Sheikh, Aziz; Soyiri, Ireneous N.] Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci
& Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Shi, Peilin] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA USA.
[Shigematsu, Mika] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan.
[Djalalinia, Shirin] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland.
[Shishani, Kawkab] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
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Maharashtra, India.
[Siabani, Soraya] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Sigfusdottir, Toga Dora] Reykjavik Univ, Dept Psychol, Reykjavik, Iceland.
[da Silva, Natacha Torres] Portuguese Inst Sport & Youth, Lisbon, Portugal.
[da Silva, Natacha Torres] Brasilia Univ, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
[Singh, Narinder Pal] Max Hosp, Ghaziabad, India.
[Singh, Prashant Kumar] Energy & Resources Inst Sch Adv Studies, Dept Policy
Studies, New Delhi, India.
[Singh, Virendra] Asthma Bhawan, Dept Pulm Med, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
[Sinha, Dhirendra Narain] Sch Prevent Oncol, Dept Epidemiol, Patna, Bihar,
India.
[Sobaih, Badr Hasan] King Khalid Univ Hosp, Pediat Dept, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
[Soriano, Joan B.] Hlth Res Inst Univ Hosp de la Princesa, Serv Pulmonol,
Madrid, Spain.
[Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.] Int Med Univ, Div Community Med, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia.
[Srinivasan, Raghavendra Guru] Inst Chartered Accountants India, Madras, Tamil
Nadu, India.
[Stathopoulou, Vasiliki] Athens Univ Appl Sci, Dept Occupat Therapy, Athens,
Greece.
[Steckling, Nadine] Univ Hosp Munich, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat, Social &
Environm Med, Munich, Germany.
[Steckling, Nadine] Med Informat & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Hlth Serv Res &
Hlth, Technol Assessment, Hall In Tirol, Austria.
[Straif, Kurt] Int Agcy Res Canc, Sect Evidence Synth & Classificat, Lyon,
France.
[Sudaryanto, Agus] Muhammadiyah Univ Surakarta, Dept Nursing, Kartasura,
Indonesia.
[Sur, Patrick John] Univ Calif Riverside, Sch Med, Riverside, CA USA.
[Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael] Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain.
[Tortajada-Girbes, Miguel] Univ Valencia, Dept Pediat Obstet & Gynecol,
Valencia, Spain.
[Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael] Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib,
Carlos III Hlth Inst, Madrid, Spain.
[Tabuchi, Takahiro] Osaka Int Canc Inst, Canc Control Ctr, Osaka, Japan.
[Tanser, Frank C.] Africa Hlth Res Inst, Berea, South Africa.
[Tavakkoli, Mohammad] New York Med Coll, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Valhalla, NY
10595 USA.
[Taveira, Nuno] Univ Inst Egas Moniz, Monte De Caparica, Portugal.
[Taveira, Nuno] Univ Lisbon, Res Inst Med, Fac Pharm Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Nursing, Dessie, Ethiopia.
[Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman] Syrian Expatriate Med Assoc, Charlottesville, VA
USA.
[Thomas, Laura Anne] Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, WHO Collaborating Ctr
Viral Hepatitis, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
Adapt Knowledge Management, Dept Global Hlth Res, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Topor-Madry, Roman] Agcy Hlth Technol Assessment & Tariff Syst, Warsaw, Poland.
[Topor-Madry, Roman] Univ Hosp Doctor Peset, Pediat Dept, Valencia, Spain.
[Bach Xuan Tran] Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam.
[Khanh Bao Tran] Mil Med Univ, Clin Hematol & Toxicol, Hanoi, Vietnam.
[Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad] Natl Inst Res TB, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Tuzcu, E. Murat] Cleveland Clin, CV Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Tuzcu, E. Murat] Cleveland Clin Abu Dhabi, CV Med, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
[Ukwaja, Kingsley N.] Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
[Ullah, Irfan] Gomal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan,
Pakistan.
[Ullah, Irfan] Mufti Mehmood Mem Teaching Hosp, TB Culture Lab, Dera Ismail
Khan, Pakistan.
[Valdez, Pascual R.] Argentine Soc Med, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
[Valdez, Pascual R.] Velez Sarsfield Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Vasankari, Tommi Juhani] UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland.
[Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy] Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr,
Singapore, Singapore.
[Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo fin Sch Med,
Singapore, Singapore.
[Vidavalur, Ramesh] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Dept Pediat, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Violante, Francesco S.] St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Occupat Hlth Unit, Bologna,
Italy.
[Vlassov, Vasily] Natl Res Univ, Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ,
Moscow, Russia.
[Waheed, Yasir] Fdn Univ, Coll Med, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
[Weiderpass, Elisabete] Canc Registry Norway, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway.
[Weiss, Jordan] Univ Penn, Ctr Populat Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Winkler, Andrea Sylvia] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Neurol, Munich, Germany.
[Wu, Shouling] Kailuan Gen Hosp, Kailuan Gen Hosp, Tangshan, Peoples R China.
[Xavier, Denis] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India.
[Xu, Gelin] Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh] Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran,
Iran.
Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA.
[Yasin, Yasin Jemal] King Fand Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Earth Sci, Dhahran,
Saudi Arabia.
[Yeshaneh, Alex] Wolkite Univ, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
[Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn] Univ South Australia, Adelaide, NSW, Australia.
[Yotebieng, Marcel] Kyoto Univ, Dept Biostat, Kyoto, Japan.
[Yotebieng, Marcel] Univ Kinshasa, Sch Publ Hlth, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO.
[Younis, Mustafa Z.] Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson,
MS USA.
[Younis, Mustafa Z.] Tsinghtta Univ, Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Yu, Chuanhua] Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R
China.
[Yu, Chuanhua] Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
[Zegeye, Elias Asfaw] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Hlth Care Financing Program,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Zhang, Anthony Lin] RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth & Biomed Sci, Melbourne, Vic,
Australia.
[Zhang, Xiteying] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA.
[Zucker, Inbar] Minist Hlth, Israeli Ctr Dis Control, Ramat Gan, Israel.
[Zucker, Inbar] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Tel Aviv, Israel.
University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University
of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of
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of Washington Seattle; Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; Instituto
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University; Addis Ababa University; Sapienza University Rome; Tehran
University of Medical Sciences; Tehran University of Medical Sciences;
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Sciences; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran University of
Medical Sciences; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran
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University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Ain Shams University;
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University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah University of Medical
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Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch
University; South African Medical Research Council; South African
Medical Research Council; University of Ibadan; University College
Hospital, Ibadan; University of Ibadan; University College Hospital,
Ibadan; Obafemi Awolowo University; Cardiff University; University of
Southern Denmark; Universidad de Extremadura; McMaster University;
McMaster University; Yerevan State University; National Academy of
Sciences of Armenia; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- India; CSIR - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB);
Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Public Health
Foundation of India; Public Health Foundation of India; Public Health
Foundation of India; Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences; Shahid
Beheshti University Medical Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University Medical
Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences; Shahid Beheshti
University Medical Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University Medical
Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences; Shahid Beheshti
University Medical Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University Medical
Sciences; Jimma University; Jimma University; Jimma University; Jimma
University; Jimma University; Jimma University; International Centre for
Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR); International Centre for Diarrhoeal
Disease Research (ICDDR); International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease
Research (ICDDR); Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet;
Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet;
Karolinska Institutet; University of Rhode Island; University of Ibadan;
University of Kentucky; University of Toronto; University of Toronto;
Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; Hospital
for Sick Children (SickKids); Mayo Clinic; Washington University
(WUSTL); University of Western Australia; University of Western
Australia; University of Western Australia; Australian National
University; Australian National University; King Saud University; King
Saud University; King Saud University; University of Oxford; University
of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Qazvin University
of Medical Sciences (QUMS); Mazandaran University Medical Sciences;
Mazandaran University Medical Sciences; Mazandaran University Medical
Sciences; Mazandaran University Medical Sciences; Mazandaran University
Medical Sciences; Mazandaran University Medical Sciences; Mazandaran
University Medical Sciences; Mazandaran University Medical Sciences;
Sciences; Mazandaran University Medical Sciences; Mazandaran University
Medical Sciences; Mazandaran University Medical Sciences; Kuwait
University; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Swedish Research Council;
United Arab Emirates University; Jazan University; Jazan University;
Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM); Hospital del
Mar; Pompeu Fabra University; King Abdulaziz University; Free University
of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin
Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin;
Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt
University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Universidad de
Cartagena; Universidad de la Costa; South Australian Health & Medical
Research Institute (SAHMRI); University of South Australia; South
Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI); American
University of Beirut; American University of Beirut; American University
of Beirut; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Mansoura University; Carol
Davila University of Medicine & Pharmacy; Carol Davila University of
Medicine & Pharmacy; Carol Davila University of Medicine & Pharmacy;
Carol Davila University of Medicine & Pharmacy; University of Thessaly;
Arba Minch University; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences;
Universitas Hasanuddin; University of the Philippines System; University
of the Philippines Manila; University of the Philippines System;
University of the Philippines Manila; Kwame Nkrumah University Science &
Technology; Birmingham City University; Dalarna University; Mashhad
University Medical Science; Mashhad University Medical Science;
University of Lahore; University Ha'il; Johns Hopkins University; Johns
Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University;
Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins
University; Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth Pune; Dr D Y Patil Medical College,
Hospital & Research Centre; University of Leicester; University of
Leicester; La Trobe University; La Trobe University; La Trobe
University; La Trobe University; Instituto Nacional de Salud - Peru;
Dilla University; University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; University
of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; Western University (University of Western
Ontario); Western University (University of Western Ontario); Burnet
Institute; University of Malta; University of Kwazulu Natal; University
of Kwazulu Natal; University of Lagos; University of Lagos; Public
Health Agency of Canada; Public Health Agency of Canada; Sri Ramachandra
Institute of Higher Education & Research; Medical University Lodz;
University of London; University College London; University of London;
University College London; University of London; University College
London; University of London; University College London; University of
London; University College London; University of London; University
College London; University of London; University College London;
Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Alexandria University; Clinical Centre of
Serbia; University of Belgrade; University of Belgrade; University of
Belgrade; Universidad Costa Rica; Universidad Costa Rica; University of
Auckland; University of Auckland; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg;
Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Ruprecht Karls University
Heidelberg; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University;
Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard
University; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health; Harvard University; ISGlobal; ISGlobal; Centro de Investigacao
em Saude de Manhica; University of Canterbury; Stanford University;
Stanford University; Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science;
University of California System; University of California Los Angeles;
Iran University of Medical Sciences; Iran University of Medical
Sciences; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Iran University of
Medical Sciences; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Iran University
of Medical Sciences; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Iran
University of Medical Sciences; Iran University of Medical Sciences;
Iran University of Medical Sciences; Iran University of Medical
Sciences; Iran University of Medical Sciences; CHU Dijon Bourgogne;
Universite de Bourgogne; Yale University; Yale University; University of
Alberta; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade de Sao Paulo;
Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade de
Sao Paulo; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade de Sao Paulo;
Universidade de Sao Paulo; New York University; NYU Langone Medical
Center; New York University; World Health Organization; University
System of Georgia; Augusta University; University of London; London
School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London
School Economics & Political Science; University of London; King's
College London; University of London; King's College London; University
of London; King's College London; University of London; King's College
London; Emory University; Emory University; Rollins School Public
Health; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida;
University of Birmingham; University of Birmingham; Post Graduate
Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh; Post
Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh;
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER),
Chandigarh; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical
Medicine; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical
Medicine; Nepal Academy of Science & Technology (NAST); Aga Khan
University; Aga Khan University; Babol University of Medical Sciences;
Babol University of Medical Sciences; Babol University of Medical
Sciences; Babol University of Medical Sciences; Babol University of
Medical Sciences; Babol University of Medical Sciences; Babol University
of Medical Sciences; Babol University of Medical Sciences; Babol
University of Medical Sciences; Babol University of Medical Sciences;
University of Dhaka; University of Bologna; Research Triangle Institute;
University of Nottingham; University of Oslo; University of Oslo;
University of Oslo; University of Queensland; University of Queensland;
University of Queensland; University of Queensland; University of
Queensland; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New
South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of
New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; Anglia
Ruskin University; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; University of
Genoa; Danube University Krems; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais;
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais; University of British Columbia; University of British
Columbia; University of British Columbia; Comenius University
Bratislava; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University
System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio
State University; Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la
Salud; Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud; Partners
Healthcare System; Nanyang Technological University & National Institute
of Education (NIE) Singapore; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang
Technological University & National Institute of Education (NIE)
Singapore; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Technological
University & National Institute of Education (NIE) Singapore; Nanyang
Technological University; Nanyang Technological University & National
Institute of Education (NIE) Singapore; Nanyang Technological
University; Imperial College London; Imperial College London; Imperial
College London; Imperial College London; Imperial College London;
Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Mexico; Universidade do Porto;
Universidade do Porto; i3S - Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em
Saude, Universidade do Porto; Universidade do Porto; Universidade do
Porto; Universidade do Porto; Universidade do Porto; Universidad
Nacional de Colombia; Hacettepe University; Hacettepe University;
Australian Catholic University; Australian Catholic University;
University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong
Kong; Alfaisal University; National Health Research Institutes - Taiwan;
National Health Research Institutes - Taiwan; National Taiwan
University; International Institute for Population Sciences;
International Institute for Population Sciences; International Institute
for Population Sciences; International Institute for Population
Sciences; International Institute for Population Sciences; University
West Indies Mona Jamaica; University West Indies Saint Augustine; Tata
Memorial Centre (TMC); Tata Memorial Hospital; Monash University; Monash
University; Monash University; Monash University; University of Zambia;
University of Witwatersrand; Ministry of Health Iraq; Seoul National
University (SNU); Seoul National University Hospital; University of
Cambridge; University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen;
University of Copenhagen; Bispebjerg Hospital; Christian Medical College
& Hospital (CMCH) Vellore; Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH)
Vellore; Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH) Vellore; Christian
Medical College & Hospital (CMCH) Vellore; University of Adelaide;
University of Adelaide; Robinson Research Institute; University of
Adelaide; University of Salerno; University of Bielefeld; University of
Bielefeld; Universidad Autonoma de Chile; Universidad Autonoma de Chile;
Universidad Autonoma de Chile; University of Southampton; Mayo Clinic;
Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Centers for
Disease Control & Prevention - USA; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Hawassa University;
Hawassa University; Hawassa University; Flinders University South
Australia; Duy Tan University; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust;
Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; King George's Medical
University; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC
University; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC
University; Central University of Tamil Nadu; Asfendiyarov Kazakh
National Medical University; Griffith University; Griffith University;
Ghent University; Ghent University; African Population & Health Research
Centre; African Population & Health Research Centre; University of
Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; US
Department of Veterans Affairs; University of Brighton; University of
Sussex; NHS National Services Scotland; Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki; University of Peradeniya; Ministry of Health & Medical
Education (MOHME); Ministry of Health & Medical Education (MOHME);
Ministry of Health & Medical Education (MOHME); Medical University
Varna; University of Cape Coast; University of Cape Coast; Tampere
University; Tampere University; University of Sydney; University of
Sydney; University of Sydney; Chinese Center for Disease Control &
Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention; National
Center for Chronic & Noncommunicable Disease Control & Prevention,
Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention; Chinese Center for
Disease Control & Prevention; Universidade Federal da Bahia;
Universidade Federal da Bahia; Umea University; Eijkman Institute; Urmia
University of Medical Sciences; Food & Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO); Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU);
Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU); University of
Louisville; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; Auckland University of
Technology; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD);
Universidade Catolica Portuguesa; Brandeis University; University of
Memphis; University of Memphis; Robert Koch Institute; Universidade
Federal do Espirito Santo; National Academy of Medical Sciences of
Ukraine; D. F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology of the National
Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine; James Cook University; Kobe
University; University of Basel; Swiss Tropical & Public Health
Institute; University of Basel; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of
Fez; University of Groningen; University of Groningen; Universidade Nova
de Lisboa; Institute of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine - UNL; Instituto
Nacional de Saude Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Curtin University; Wageningen
University & Research; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg; Martin
Luther University Halle Wittenberg; University of Tsukuba; Texas Tech
University System; Texas Tech University; University of Warwick;
University of Warwick; Research Center of Neurology; Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi;
University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Boston;
University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences
Center; National Cancer Center - Japan; Boston University; Azienda
Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele Presidio
Ferraotto; Universite de Lorraine; Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research
Institute; Montefiore Medical Center; Yeshiva University; Albert
Einstein College of Medicine; Yeshiva University; Albert Einstein
College of Medicine; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus MC; Western
University (University of Western Ontario); Arabian Gulf University;
Department of Science & Technology (India); Sree Chitra Tirunal
Institute for Medical Sciences Technology (SCTIMST); Department of
Science & Technology (India); Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical
Sciences Technology (SCTIMST); Department of Science & Technology
(India); Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences Technology
(SCTIMST); Department of Science & Technology (India); Sree Chitra
Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences Technology (SCTIMST); Tabriz
University of Medical Science; Tabriz University of Medical Science;
University of Barcelona; University of Antwerp; Karolinska Institutet;
Karolinska University Hospital; Bucharest University of Economic
Studies; Columbia University; Columbia University; Rutgers State
University New Brunswick; University of Texas System; University of
Texas Austin; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE); Yokohama City
University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; National
Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; National Institutes of Health (NIH) -
USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); National
Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; Universite de Tunis-El-Manar; Faculte
de Medecine de Tunis (FMT); Central South University; University of the
Western Cape; Walter Sisulu University; Taipei Medical University;
Taipei Medical University; Deakin University; Deakin University; Deakin
University; American Cancer Society; George Mason University; University
of Kragujevac; University of California System; University of California
San Diego; Newcastle University - UK; University of Colombo; University
of Colombo; Banaras Hindu University (BHU); Banaras Hindu University
(BHU); Capital Medical University; All India Institute of Medical
Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi; All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS) New Delhi; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New
Delhi; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi; All
India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi; Technical
University Czestochowa; University of Opole; Savitribai Phule Pune
University; University of Tartu; University College Cork; Samara
University; European Observatory on Health Systems & Policies; European
Observatory on Health Systems & Policies; University of Washington;
University of Washington Tacoma; Seattle Children's Hospital; MRC/CSO
SOCIAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES UNIT; University of Tulsa; University
of California System; University of California San Francisco; University
of California System; University of California San Francisco; University
of Nairobi; University of Nairobi; Michigan State University; University
of Cape Town; University of Cape Town; University of Cape Town;
University of Cape Town; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hadassah
University Medical Center; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
(CSIR) - India; CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR);
Jordan University of Science & Technology; Islamic Azad University;
University of Management & Technology (UMT); Health Services Academy;
Dow University of Health Sciences; University of Alabama System;
University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Alabama System;
University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Alabama System;
University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Tennessee System;
University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Seoul National University
(SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Indian Council of Medical
Research (ICMR); Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); ICMR -
National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH); Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR); ICMR - National Institute of
Nutrition (NIN); Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); Ball State
University; Lund University; Lund University; Northeastern University;
Korea University; Xiamen University Malaysia Campus; Simmons University;
University of Canberra; Tulane University; Jagiellonian University;
Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University; Jagiellonian University;
Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University; University of Helsinki; Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Center; National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center -
Japan; Arthritis Research Canada; Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical
Sciences; Panjab University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de
Montreal; Yuksek Ihtisas University; University of Milano-Bicocca; Kenya
Medical Research Institute; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA;
NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); Uppsala University; Uppsala
University; Uppsala University Hospital; Ghana Health Service; Nova
Southeastern University; Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Hong Kong Polytechnic
University; Sodertorn University; National Institute for Health
Development - Estonia; Sichuan University; Universiti Malaya; Chinese
University of Hong Kong; Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of
Haifa; Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; University of
Melbourne; University of Melbourne; University of Melbourne; Friedrich
Schiller University of Jena; Swansea University; Royal Children's
Hospital Melbourne; Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne; Tribhuvan
University; Institute of Medicine (IoM) - Nepal; University of Trnava;
Shiraz University of Medical Science; The World Bank; Dalhousie
University; Instituto Federal do Ceara (IFCE); Chalmers University of
Technology; Aarhus University; Alaska Native Medical Center; Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR); ICMR - National Institute of Cancer
Prevention & Research (NICPR); King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for
Health Sciences; Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital - Al Madinah;
State University System of Florida; University of West Florida;
University of Helsinki; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University
of Helsinki; Helsinki University Central Hospital; University North -
Croatia; Pomeranian Medical University; Pomeranian Medical University;
Pomeranian Medical University; Pacific Institute for Research &
Evaluation (PIRE); Kyrgyz State Medical Academy; Ministry of Health -
Kyrgyzstan; Isfahan University Medical Science; Madras Diabetes Research
Foundation; IRCCS Burlo Garofolo; Kurdistan University of Medical
Sciences; Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences; Lancaster
University; Queensland University of Technology (QUT); Queensland
University of Technology (QUT); National Center for Child Health &
Development - Japan; National Center for Child Health & Development -
Japan; Tarbiat Modares University; National & Kapodistrian University of
Athens; Academy of Athens; Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education
& Research (IPGMER), Kolkata; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR);
ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE); University of Jos;
Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Universiti Sains
Malaysia; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE);
University of Pittsburgh; Ulm University; ULSS 8 Berica; Ospedale San
Bortolo di Vicenza; Chungnam National University; Suraj Eye Institute;
University of Yaounde I; Hanoi University of Public Health; Universitas
Negeri Semarang; University of Bergen; UDICE-French Research
Universities; Aix-Marseille Universite; Western Sydney University; Kyung
Hee University; Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa; University
of Namibia; University Brunei Darussalam; California State University
System; San Diego State University; Autonomous University of Madrid;
Autonomous University of Madrid; University System of Maryland;
University of Maryland Baltimore; Jonkoping University; St. Luke's
International Hospital; Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Institute of Physics &
Technology; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research; University of
Ottawa; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; University Hospital Attikon;
Maimonides Medical Center; Save the Children; University of Munich;
Universidad de Cartagena; University of Virginia; University of
Virginia; University of Gothenburg; University of Witwatersrand;
Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Durban University of Technology;
University of Newcastle; University of Groningen; Sanjay Gandhi
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences; University of Ghana;
University of Gottingen; Medical University of Innsbruck; University of
Health Science - Pakistan; Yonsei University; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz;
Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz; University College London Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust; University of London; University College London;
Public Health England; Loma Linda University; Brien Holden Vision
Institute; Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; Golestan University of
Medical Sciences; Southern University of Science & Technology; Muhimbili
University of Health & Allied Sciences; Muhimbili University of Health &
Allied Sciences; University of Sharjah; Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic
University (IMSIU); York University - Canada; Marshall University; Case
Western Reserve University; University of Massachusetts System;
University of Massachusetts Worcester; Hamad Medical Corporation;
Bournemouth University; Utkal University; GlaxoSmithKline; University of
North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; University of
North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; Universidade
Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Helmholtz Association; German Cancer
Research Center (DKFZ); University of Zagreb; An Najah National
University; Islamic Azad University; Islamic Azad University; Delhi
Technological University; Fudan University; University of Edinburgh;
Tufts University; National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID);
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Washington State University;
Symbiosis International University; Symbiosis Institute of Health
Sciences (SIHS); University of Technology Sydney; Reykjavik University;
Universidade de Brasilia; TERI University; King Saud University; King
Khalid University Hospital; International Medical University Malaysia;
University of West Attica; University of Munich; World Health
Organization; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC);
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; University of California System;
University of California Riverside; University of Valencia; University
of Valencia; Africa Health Research Institute; New York Medical College;
Universidade de Lisboa; Hanoi Medical University; Indian Council of
Medical Research (ICMR); ICMR - National Institute for Research in
Tuberculosis (NIRT); Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland Clinic
Foundation; Gomal University; UKK Institute; Raffles Hospital; National
University of Singapore; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine;
IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna; HSE University
(National Research University Higher School of Economics); University of
Oslo; University of Pennsylvania; Technical University of Munich; St.
John's National Academy of Health Sciences; Nanjing University; Duke
University; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; University of
South Australia; Kyoto University; Universite de Kinshasa; Jackson State
University; Tsinghua University; Wuhan University; Wuhan University;
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT); University of Houston
System; University of Houston; Tel Aviv University
RP Lozano, R (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat,
EM rlozano@uw.edu
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rahim, fakher/0000-0002-2857-4562; Shey, Muki/0000-0002-8776-4737;
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Hosein/0000-0001-9512-1398; Pandian, Jeyaraj/0000-0003-0028-1968; Abay,
Solomon Mequanente/0000-0002-7844-3771; Chitheer,
Abdulaal/0000-0003-4899-6196; Prakash, Swayam/0000-0003-3986-890X;
Deiparine, Selina/0000-0003-1589-6551; Tabares-Seisdedos,
Rafael/0000-0002-1089-2204; Davletov, Kairat/0000-0001-8534-1899;
Legesse Liben, Misgan/0000-0001-7716-6787; Ansariadi,
Ansariadi/0000-0002-9692-6136; Li, Xiaohong/0000-0003-0336-7302; Chung,
Sheng-Chia/0000-0001-6025-9207; Yimer, Nigus
Bililign/0000-0001-5610-8369; Accrombessi, Manfred/0000-0001-9550-9413;
Noubiap, Jean Jacques/0000-0002-7722-9757; Seedat,
Soraya/0000-0002-5118-786X; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani/0000-0002-4389-9322;
Jeemon, Panniyammakal/0000-0003-4172-4307; , Mohammed A
Mohammed/0000-0001-8106-5233; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep/0000-0001-9579-4453;
Campos, Ismael/0000-0001-5939-3396; Feigin, Valery
L./0000-0002-6372-1740; Chowdhury, Rajiv/0000-0003-4881-5690; Rawaf,
Salman/0000-0001-7191-2355; Barac, Aleksandra/0000-0002-0132-2277; Jha,
Vivekanand/0000-0002-8015-9470; Singh, Prashant
Kumar/0000-0003-1742-5534; Gezae, Kebede Embaye/0000-0002-5874-3304;
Tadese Mengistu, Desalegn/0000-0002-7353-4017; Moazen,
Babak/0000-0002-2552-0438; Berman, Adam/0000-0002-9023-1130; Faramarzi,
Mahbobeh/0000-0002-3568-7039; El-Khatib, Ziad/0000-0003-0756-7280; De
Neve, Jan-Walter/0000-0003-0090-8249; Oommen, Anu
Mary/0000-0003-2932-7827; Bozorgmehr, Kayvan/0000-0002-1411-1209;
Ukwaja, Kingsley N./0000-0002-1974-8735; Yasin, Yasin
J./0000-0002-2819-0235; Douwes-Schultz, Dirk/0000-0002-6186-2275;
Al-Maskari, Fatma/0000-0001-6598-4942; Rezaeian,
Shahab/0000-0002-5094-5315; Zaman, Sojib Bin/0000-0002-3043-7954;
Hendrie, Delia/0000-0001-5022-5281; Kissoon,
Niranjan/0000-0001-8847-9973; Rahimi, Kazem/0000-0002-4807-4610;
Enayati, Ahmad Ali/0000-0001-6861-0719; Kengne, Andre
Pascal/0000-0002-5183-131X; Bhattarai, Suraj/0000-0001-6843-6677; Rai,
Rajesh Kumar/0000-0002-5249-9937; Appiah, Lambert
Tetteh/0000-0002-8895-2000; Mohajer, Bahram/0000-0001-6398-8448;
Karanikolos, Marina/0000-0002-3824-8226; Cahuana-Hurtado,
Lucero/0000-0002-9438-1443; Dokova, Klara/0000-0002-0164-4903; Oren,
Eyal/0000-0001-7817-3516; Zimsen, Stephanie Robin
Marie/0000-0001-7660-4642; Zegeye, Desalegn Tegabu/0000-0002-5231-9967;
Majeed, Azeem/0000-0002-2357-9858; Mohebi, Farnam/0000-0002-6181-2008;
Morawska, Lidia/0000-0002-0594-9683; Babalola,
Tesleem/0000-0003-1568-3134; Shamsizadeh, Morteza/0000-0002-8153-5482;
Kim, Young-Eun/0000-0003-0694-6844; Fernandes,
Eduarda/0000-0001-6424-0976; RIOS BLANCAS, MARIA
JESUS/0000-0001-7100-9262; moosazadeh, mahmood/0000-0002-5452-514X;
Lagat, Abraham/0000-0003-0419-7499; Ye, Pengpeng/0000-0002-2924-1436;
Saddik, Basema/0000-0002-4682-5927; Agrawal, Anurag/0000-0002-0340-5252;
Sibai, Abla/0000-0002-1851-5606; , bennsartorius/0000-0001-6761-2325;
Shiue, Ivy/0000-0003-1788-3009; Carter, Austin/0000-0002-3588-6142;
Mukhopadhyay, Satinath/0000-0001-8033-5748; /0000-0001-5266-0201;
Akinyemi, Rufus/0000-0001-5286-428X; Degefa, Meaza/0000-0003-0175-6937;
Murthy, Srinivas/0000-0002-9476-839X; Castaneda-Orjuela,
Carlos/0000-0002-8735-6223; Hasan, M. Tasdik/0000-0002-3256-093X;
Cooper, Leslie/0000-0003-1002-3313; Atre, Sachin/0000-0003-2148-465X;
Maulik, Pallab Kumar/0000-0001-6835-6175; Sheikh,
Aziz/0000-0001-7022-3056; Zendehdel, Kazem/0000-0002-0269-4945; Okoro,
Anselm/0000-0003-3952-1172; Babazadeh, Arefeh/0000-0002-1362-7203;
Ivers, Rebecca/0000-0003-3448-662X; Kemp, Grant/0000-0002-8614-0498;
Wiyeh, Alison Beriliy/0000-0003-0417-3948; Thrift,
Amanda/0000-0001-8533-4170; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi/0000-0001-7213-2107
FU Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; MRC [G0400491, MC_UP_A620_1015,
MR/L003120/1, MC_UU_12011/2, MC_U147585827, MR/M015084/1, MC_U147585819]
Funding Source: UKRI; Cancer Foundation Finland sr [180129, 160100]
Funding Source: researchfish
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NR 84
TC 225
Z9 228
U1 52
U2 404
PI NEW YORK
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD NOV 10
PY 2018
VL 392
IS 10159
BP 2091
EP 2138
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32281-5
PG 48
GA GZ8BI
UT WOS:000449710900010
PM 30496107
OA Green Published, Green Accepted, Green Submitted, hybrid
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Curchod, L
Oltramare, C
Junghans, M
Stamm, C
Dalvie, MA
Roosli, M
Fuhrimann, S
AF Curchod, Lou
Oltramare, Christelle
Junghans, Marion
Stamm, Christian
Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel
Roeoesli, Martin
Fuhrimann, Samuel
TI Temporal variation of pesticide mixtures in rivers of three agricultural
watersheds during a major drought in the Western Cape, South Africa
SO WATER RESEARCH X
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Drought; Passive water sampling; Pesticide; Surface
water; Sustainable development goal 6
ID SURFACE WATERS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HERBICIDE LOSSES; HARTBEESPOORT DAM;
DRINKING-WATER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESIDUES; CATCHMENT; CHROMATOGRAPHY;
CONTAMINATION
AB South Africa is the leading pesticide user in Sub-Saharan Africa. However,
little is known about the occurrence of pesticide mixtures in surface water and
potential environmental risks in Africa.
This study investigated the occurrence of pesticides mixtures in three
watersheds during a drought year in South Africa. The study was conducted in the
Krom River, Berg River and Hex River watersheds within larger agriculture systems
in the Western Cape. Pesticide spray records were collected from 38 farms. A total
of 21 passive water samplers (styrenedivinylbenzene disks (SDB)) were deployed,
each for two weeks per month, over seven sampling rounds during the main pesticide
application period between July 2017 and January 2018. Samples were analyzed for
248 pesticide compounds using LC-HRMS/MS. Pesticide occurrence was analyzed for
temporal agreement with pesticide spraying events (Cohen's kappa) and correlation
with rainfall patterns and river discharge (Pearson correlation (r(p))). Pesticide
time-weighted average concentrations were estimated and compared to environmental
quality standards (EQS). According to the farm spray records, 96 different
pesticides were sprayed during the sampling period and differed considerably
between the three study areas, seasons and crops grown. In total, 53 compounds were
detected in river water. We detected 39% of compounds from the spraying records and
demonstrated close temporal correlations of seasonal patterns for 11 pesticide
compounds between reported on spraying records and observations in the streams
(kappa = 0.90). However, 23 detected pesticides were not found on spray records,
many of them being herbicides. Most of the estimated two-week average pesticide
concentrations were below 40 ng/L. The insecticides imidacloprid, thiacloprid,
chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid and the herbicide terbuthylazine exceeded at least
once their EQS 58-fold (EQS 13 ng/L), 12-fold (EQS 10 ng/L), 9-fold (EQS 0.46
ng/L), 5-fold (EQS 24 ng/L) and 3-fold (EQS 220 ng/L), respectively. Our study
substantially widens the view on pesticide pollution in surface water compared to
previous studies in Sub-Saharan Africa by targeting more than 200 pesticides using
passive sampling systems. This broad assessment revealed the presence of 53
compounds, some of them in high concentrations, indicating possible adverse effects
on biota and the quality of the ecosystem. Whether the observed concentration
levels in the year 2017 were exceptional due to the lowest ever recorded rainfall
and river discharge needs to be tested with additional data to better understand
how pesticide pollution levels manifest under average rainfall and river discharge
conditions. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Curchod, Lou; Roeoesli, Martin] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst Swiss TPH, CH-4002
Basel, Switzerland.
[Curchod, Lou; Roeoesli, Martin] Univ Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
[Curchod, Lou; Oltramare, Christelle; Stamm, Christian] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci
& Technol Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
[Curchod, Lou; Junghans, Marion] Swiss Ctr Appl Ecotoxicol, CH-8600 Dubendorf,
Switzerland.
[Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel; Fuhrimann, Samuel] Univ Cape Town, Ctr Environm &
Occupat Hlth Res, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
[Fuhrimann, Samuel] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, NL-3584 Utrecht,
Netherlands.
C3 University of Basel; Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute;
University of Basel; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain;
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG);
University of Cape Town; Utrecht University
RP Fuhrimann, S (corresponding author), Yalelaan 2, NL-3584 CM Utrecht,
Netherlands.
EM s.fuhrimann@uu.nl
RI Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel/AEA-6443-2022; Röösli, Martin/A-2658-2008; Stamm,
Christian/ABF-9581-2021
OI Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel/0000-0002-2192-0901; Röösli,
Martin/0000-0002-7475-1531; Stamm, Christian/0000-0001-5888-6535;
Fuhrimann, Samuel/0000-0002-1861-1737; Junghans,
Marion/0000-0002-8118-9145; Oltramare, Christelle/0000-0002-5761-6557
FU Swiss - African Research Cooperation (SARECO); South Africa National
Research Foundation (NRF); SARChi Chair Programme; Swiss State
Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation; University of Basel;
Swiss TPH; Swiss National Foundation (SNSF)
FX This work was made possible with funding sources from the Swiss -
African Research Cooperation (SARECO), South Africa National Research
Foundation (NRF), SARChi Chair Programme, Swiss State Secretariat for
Education, Research and Innovation, University of Basel and the Swiss
TPH. SF's effort was also supported by a fellowship of the Swiss
National Foundation (SNSF).
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TC 36
Z9 36
U1 3
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
EI 2589-9147
J9 WATER RES X
JI Water Res. X
PD JAN 1
PY 2020
VL 6
AR 100039
DI 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100039
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA KG1XP
UT WOS:000509735200001
PM 31891151
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Prakash, R
Beattie, TS
Javalkar, P
Bhattacharjee, P
Ramanaik, S
Thalinja, R
Murthy, S
Davey, C
Gatos, M
Blanchard, J
Watts, C
Collumbien, M
Moses, S
Heise, L
Isac, S
AF Prakash, Ravi
Beattie, Tara S.
Javalkar, Prakash
Bhattacharjee, Parinita
Ramanaik, Satyanarayana
Thalinja, Raghavendra
Murthy, Srikanta
Davey, Calum
Gatos, Mitzy
Blanchard, James
Watts, Charlotte
Collumbien, Martine
Moses, Stephen
Heise, Lori
Isac, Shajy
TI The Samata intervention to increase secondary school completion and
reduce child marriage among adolescent girls: results from a
cluster-randomised control trial in India
SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HIV RISK PREVENTION; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; CASH
TRANSFER; HEALTH; KARNATAKA; PREVALENCE; EDUCATION; WOMENS; IMPACT
AB Background Secondary education and delayed marriage provide long-term socio-
economic and health benefits to adolescent girls. We tested whether a structural
and norms-based intervention, which worked with adolescent girls, their families,
communities, and secondary schools to address poverty, schooling quality and gender
norms, could reduce secondary school drop-out and child marriage among scheduled-
caste/scheduled-tribe (SC/ST) adolescent girls in rural settings of southern India.
Methods 80 of 121 villages in Vijayapura and Bagalkote districts, Karnataka
State, were randomly selected (control= 40; intervention-40). All 12-13 year-old
SC/ST girls in final year of primary school (standard 7th) were enrolled and
followed for 3 years (2014-2017) until the end of secondary school (standard 10th).
Primary trial outcomes were proportion of girls who completed secondary school and
were married, by trial end-line (15-16 years). Analyses were intention-to-treat and
used individual-level girl data.
Results 92.6% (2275/2457) girls at baseline and 72.8% (1788/2457) at end-line
were interviewed. At end-line, one-fourth had not completed secondary school
(control. =24.9%; intervention =25.4%), and one in ten reported being married
(control= 9.6%; intervention =10.1%). These were lower than expected based on
district-level data available before the trial, with no difference between these,
or other schooling or sexual and reproductive outcomes, by trial arm. There was a
small but significant increase in secondary school entry (adjusted odds ratio AOR
=3.58, 95% confidence interval CI =1.36-9.44) and completion (AOR-1.54, 95%CI
=1.02-2.34) in Vijayapura district. The sensitivity and attrition analyses did not
impact the overall result indicating that attrition of girls at end-line was random
without much bearing on overall result.
Conclusions Samata intervention had no overall impact, however, it added value
in one of the two implementation districts- increasing secondary school entry and
completion. Lower than expected school drop-out and child marriage rates at end-
line reflect strong secular changes, likely due to large-scale government
initiatives to keep girls in school and delay marriage. Although, government
programmes may be sufficient to reach most. girls in these settings, a substantial
proportion of SC/ST girls remain at-risk of early marriage and school drop-out, and
require targeted programming. Addressing multiple forms of clustered disadvantage
among hardest to reach will be key to ensuring India "leaves no-one behind" and
achieves its gender, health and education Sustainable Development Goal aspirations.
C1 [Prakash, Ravi; Beattie, Tara S.; Javalkar, Prakash; Ramanaik, Satyanarayana;
Thalinja, Raghavendra; Murthy, Srikanta; Isac, Shajy] KHPT, Bangalore, Karnataka,
India.
[Davey, Calum; Gatos, Mitzy; Watts, Charlotte; Collumbien, Martine; Heise, Lori]
LSHTM, Dept Global Hlth, London, England.
LSHTM, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England.
LSHTM, Dept Publ Hlth Environm & Soc, London, England.
[Bhattacharjee, Parinita; Blanchard, James; Moses, Stephen; Isac, Shajy] Univ
Manitoba, Dept Community Med, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
[Bhattacharjee, Parinita; Blanchard, James; Moses, Stephen; Isac, Shajy] Univ
Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
[Heise, Lori] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Heise, Lori] JHU Sch Nursing, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, Baltimore, MD
USA.
C3 University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine;
University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine;
University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine;
University of Manitoba; University of Manitoba; Johns Hopkins
University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns
Hopkins University
RP Prakash, R (corresponding author), KHPT, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
EM ravi.prakash@khpt.org
RI Prakash, Ravi/ABB-8711-2020; Heise, LORI/AAI-6251-2020
OI Blanchard, James/0000-0002-4701-590X; Gafos, Mitzy/0000-0002-7894-1498;
Prakash, Ravi/0000-0003-3715-5789
FU UK Department for International Development (UKAid), STRIVE; ViiV
Healthcare
FX Project Samata was funded by the UK Department for International
Development (UKAid) as part of STRIVE, a 6-year programme of research
and action devoted to tackling the structural drivers of HIV
(http://STRIVE.lshtm.ac.uk/) and ViiV Healthcare. The views expressed
herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
official policy or position of the UK government or ViiV Healthcare.
None of the funding sources played a role in the design of the study,
data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the results.
The corresponding authors had full access to all the data in the study
and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
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[Anonymous], 2009, MENSTRUATION ED NEPA
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NR 39
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 6
PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC
PI EDINBURGH
PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, OLD MEDICAL SCH, TEVIOT PL,
EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, SCOTLAND
SN 2047-2978
EI 2047-2986
J9 J GLOB HEALTH
JI J. Glob. Health
PD JUN
PY 2019
VL 9
IS 1
AR 010430
DI 10.7189/jogh.09.010430
PG 13
(SSCI)
GA IK5QU
UT WOS:000476640500055
PM 31448111
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Chetty, T
Yapa, HMN
Herbst, C
Geldsetzer, P
Naidu, KK
De Neve, JW
Herbst, K
Matthews, P
Pillay, D
Wyke, S
Barnighausen, T
AF Chetty, Terusha
Yapa, H. Manisha N.
Herbst, Carina
Geldsetzer, Pascal
Naidu, Kevindra K.
De Neve, Jan-Walter
Herbst, Kobus
Matthews, Philippa
Pillay, Deenan
Wyke, Sally
Baernighausen, Till
CA MONARCH Study Team
TI The MONARCH intervention to enhance the quality of antenatal and
postnatal primary health services in rural South Africa: protocol for a
stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial
SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Health systems; Continuous quality improvement; Maternal; HIV; Stepped
wedge; Randomised trial
ID CHILD HIV TRANSMISSION; BYPASS GRAFT-SURGERY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY;
VIRAL SUPPRESSION; IMPROVEMENT; CARE; MOTHER; PREGNANCY; DELIVERY;
PREVENTION
AB Background: Gaps in maternal and child health services can slow progress towards
achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The Management and Optimization of
Nutrition, Antenatal, Reproductive, Child Health & HIV Care (MONARCH) study will
evaluate a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) intervention targeted at improving
antenatal and postnatal health service outcomes in rural South Africa where HIV
prevalence among pregnant women is extremely high. Specifically, it will establish
the effectiveness of CQI on viral load (VL) testing in pregnant women who are HIV-
positive and repeat HIV testing in pregnant women who are HIV-negative.
Methods: This is a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 7
nurse-led primary healthcare clinics to establish the effect of CQI on selected
routine antenatal and postnatal services. Each clinic was a cluster, with the
exception of the two smallest clinics, which jointly formed one cluster. The
intervention was applied at the cluster level, where staff received training on CQI
methodology and additional mentoring as required. In the control exposure state,
the clusters received the South African Department of Health standard of care.
After a baseline data collection period of 2 months, the first cluster crossed over
from control to intervention exposure state; subsequently, one additional cluster
crossed over every 2 months. The six clusters were divided into 3 groups by patient
volume (low, medium and high). We randomised the six clusters to the sequences of
crossing over, such that both the first three and the last three sequences included
one cluster with low, one with medium, and one with high patient volume. The
primary outcome measures were (i) viral load testing among pregnant women who were
HIV-positive, and (ii) repeat HIV testing among pregnant women who were HIV-
negative. Consenting women >= 18 years attending antenatal and postnatal care
during the data collection period completed outcome measures at delivery, and
postpartum at three to 6 days, and 6 weeks. Data collection started on 15 July
2015. The total study duration, including pre-and post-exposure phases, was 19
months. Data will be analyzed by intention-to-treat based on first booked clinic of
study participants.
Discussion: The results of the MONARCH trial will establish the effectiveness of
CQI in improving antenatal and postnatal clinic processes in primary care in sub-
Saharan Africa. More generally, the results will contribute to our knowledge on
quality improvement interventions in resource-poor settings.
C1 [Chetty, Terusha; Yapa, H. Manisha N.; Herbst, Carina; Naidu, Kevindra K.;
Herbst, Kobus; Matthews, Philippa; Pillay, Deenan; Wyke, Sally; Baernighausen,
Till] Afr Hlth Res Inst, POB 198, ZA-3935 Mtubatuba, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa.
[Geldsetzer, Pascal; Baernighausen, Till] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept
Global Hlth & Populat, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Naidu, Kevindra K.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Maternal Adolescent &
Child Hlth Syst MatCH, Braamfontein, South Africa.
[De Neve, Jan-Walter; Baernighausen, Till] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth,
Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Pillay, Deenan] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
[Wyke, Sally] Univ Glasgow, Inst Hlth & Wellbeing, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow
G12 8RZ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Baernighausen, Till] UCL, Dept Global Hlth, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
C3 Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health;
University of Witwatersrand; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg;
University of London; University College London; University of Glasgow;
University of London; University College London
RP Yapa, HMN (corresponding author), Afr Hlth Res Inst, POB 198, ZA-3935 Mtubatuba,
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa.
EM myapa@ahri.org
RI Bärnighausen, Till/Y-2388-2019; Herbst, Abraham J/E-4848-2010; De Neve,
Jan-Walter/D-7547-2017
OI Herbst, Abraham J/0000-0002-5436-9386; De Neve,
Jan-Walter/0000-0003-0090-8249; Yapa, H. Manisha/0000-0002-0100-4754;
Geldsetzer, Pascal/0000-0002-8878-5505
FU European Union [EuropeAid/134286/L/ACT/ZA-6]; Alexander von Humboldt
Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award - Federal
Ministry of Education and Research; Wellcome Trust; NICHD of NIH
[R01-HD084233]; NIA of NIH [P01-AG041710]; NIAID of NIH [R01-AI124389,
R01-AI112339]; FIC of NIH [D43-TW009775]
FX The study protocol reported in this paper has been evaluated through an
open competitive peer-review process, as part of the Delegation of the
European Union on behalf of the Republic of South Africa call for
proposal on Access and Quality of Primary Health Care (grant reference:
EuropeAid/134286/L/ACT/ZA-6). The funders have no role in the study
design, data collection, management, manuscript writing or decision to
submit the report for publication. Till Barnighausen was supported by
the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt
Professor award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and
Research; the Wellcome Trust; and from NICHD of NIH (R01-HD084233), NIA
of NIH (P01-AG041710), NIAID of NIH (R01-AI124389 and R01-AI112339) as
well as FIC of NIH (D43-TW009775).
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NR 45
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU BMC
PI LONDON
SN 1472-6963
J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES
JI BMC Health Serv. Res.
PD AUG 8
PY 2018
VL 18
AR 625
DI 10.1186/s12913-018-3404-3
PG 10
WC Health Care Sciences & Services
(SSCI)
SC Health Care Sciences & Services
GA GQ1BJ
UT WOS:000441357800008
PM 30089485
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Kissling, WD
Ahumada, JA
Bowser, A
Fernandez, M
Fernandez, N
Garcia, EA
Guralnick, RP
Isaac, NJB
Kelling, S
Los, W
McRae, L
Mihoub, JB
Obst, M
Santamaria, M
Skidmore, AK
Williams, KJ
Agosti, D
Amariles, D
Arvanitidis, C
Bastin, L
De Leo, F
Egloff, W
Elith, J
Hobern, D
Martin, D
Pereira, HM
Pesole, G
Peterseil, J
Saarenmaa, H
Schigel, D
Schmeller, DS
Segata, N
Turak, E
Uhlir, PF
Wee, B
Hardisty, AR
AF Kissling, W. Daniel
Ahumada, Jorge A.
Bowser, Anne
Fernandez, Miguel
Fernandez, Nestor
Alonso Garcia, Enrique
Guralnick, Robert P.
Isaac, Nick J. B.
Kelling, Steve
Los, Wouter
McRae, Louise
Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste
Obst, Matthias
Santamaria, Monica
Skidmore, Andrew K.
Williams, Kristen J.
Agosti, Donat
Amariles, Daniel
Arvanitidis, Christos
Bastin, Lucy
De Leo, Francesca
Egloff, Willi
Elith, Jane
Hobern, Donald
Martin, David
Pereira, Henrique M.
Pesole, Graziano
Peterseil, Johannes
Saarenmaa, Hannu
Schigel, Dmitry
Schmeller, Dirk S.
Segata, Nicola
Turak, Eren
Uhlir, Paul F.
Wee, Brian
Hardisty, Alex R.
TI Building essential biodiversity variables (EBVs) of species distribution
and abundance at a global scale
SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE big data; biodiversity monitoring; data interoperability; ecological
sustainability; environmental policy; global change research;
indicators; informatics; metadata; research infrastructures
ID CHALLENGES; OPPORTUNITIES; INFORMATION; SCIENCE; MODELS; UNCERTAINTY;
INDICATORS; PRIORITIES; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY
AB Much biodiversity data is collected worldwide, but it remains challenging to
assemble the scattered knowledge for assessing biodiversity status and trends. The
concept of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) was introduced to structure
biodiversity monitoring globally, and to harmonize and standardize biodiversity
data from disparate sources to capture a minimum set of critical variables required
to study, report and manage biodiversity change. Here, we assess the challenges of
a Big Data' approach to building global EBV data products across taxa and
spatiotemporal scales, focusing on species distribution and abundance. The majority
of currently available data on species distributions derives from incidentally
reported observations or from surveys where presence-only or presence-absence data
are sampled repeatedly with standardized protocols. Most abundance data come from
opportunistic population counts or from population time series using standardized
protocols (e.g. repeated surveys of the same population from single or multiple
sites). Enormous complexity exists in integrating these heterogeneous, multi-source
data sets across space, time, taxa and different sampling methods. Integration of
such data into global EBV data products requires correcting biases introduced by
imperfect detection and varying sampling effort, dealing with different spatial
resolution and extents, harmonizing measurement units from different data sources
or sampling methods, applying statistical tools and models for spatial inter- or
extrapolation, and quantifying sources of uncertainty and errors in data and
models. To support the development of EBVs by the Group on Earth Observations
Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), we identify 11 key workflow steps that
will operationalize the process of building EBV data products within and across
research infrastructures worldwide. These workflow steps take multiple sequential
activities into account, including identification and aggregation of various raw
data sources, data quality control, taxonomic name matching and statistical
modelling of integrated data. We illustrate these steps with concrete examples from
existing citizen science and professional monitoring projects, including eBird, the
Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring network, the Living Planet Index and the
Baltic Sea zooplankton monitoring. The identified workflow steps are applicable to
both terrestrial and aquatic systems and a broad range of spatial, temporal and
taxonomic scales. They depend on clear, findable and accessible metadata, and we
provide an overview of current data and metadata standards. Several challenges
remain to be solved for building global EBV data products: (i) developing tools and
models for combining heterogeneous, multi-source data sets and filling data gaps in
geographic, temporal and taxonomic coverage, (ii) integrating emerging methods and
technologies for data collection such as citizen science, sensor networks, DNA-
based techniques and satellite remote sensing, (iii) solving major technical issues
related to data product structure, data storage, execution of workflows and the
production process/cycle as well as approaching technical interoperability among
research infrastructures, (iv) allowing semantic interoperability by developing and
adopting standards and tools for capturing consistent data and metadata, and (v)
ensuring legal interoperability by endorsing open data or data that are free from
restrictions on use, modification and sharing.
Addressing these challenges is critical for biodiversity research and for
assessing progress towards conservation policy targets and sustainable development
goals.
C1 [Kissling, W. Daniel; Los, Wouter] Univ Amsterdam, IBED, Dept Theoret & Computat
Ecol, POB 94248, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Ahumada, Jorge A.] Conservat Int, Moore Ctr Sci, TEAM Network, 2011 Crystal Dr
Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
[Bowser, Anne] Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, 1300 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC
20004 USA.
[Fernandez, Miguel; Fernandez, Nestor; Pereira, Henrique M.] German Ctr Integrat
Biodivers Res iDiv, Biodivers Conservat Grp, Deutsch Pl 5e, D-04103 Leipzig,
Germany.
[Fernandez, Miguel; Pereira, Henrique M.] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg,
Inst Biol, Halle, Germany.
[Fernandez, Miguel] UMSA, Inst Ecol, Campus Univ, La Paz, Bolivia.
[Fernandez, Nestor] CSIC, EBD, Americo Vespucio Sn, Seville 41092, Spain.
[Alonso Garcia, Enrique] State Kingdom Spain, Madrid, Spain.
[Alonso Garcia, Enrique] Univ Alcala, Franklin Inst, Madrid, Spain.
[Guralnick, Robert P.] Univ Florida, Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Isaac, Nick J. B.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Biol Records Ctr, Maclean Bldg,Benson
Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England.
[Kelling, Steve] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, 158 Sapsucker Woods Rd,
Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[McRae, Louise] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England.
[Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste; Schmeller, Dirk S.] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,
CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat,CESCO,UMR 7204, 61 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Conservat Biol,
Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
[Obst, Matthias] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Box 463, SE-40530 Gothenburg,
Sweden.
[Obst, Matthias] Gothenburg Global Biodivers Ctr, Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg,
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[Santamaria, Monica; De Leo, Francesca; Pesole, Graziano] CNR, Inst Biomembranes
& Bioenerget, Amendola 165-A St, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
[Skidmore, Andrew K.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC,
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[Williams, Kristen J.; Martin, David] CSIRO, Land & Water, POB 1600, Canberra,
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[Amariles, Daniel] Inst Alexander von Humboldt, CALLE 28A 15-09, Bogota,
Colombia.
[Arvanitidis, Christos] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Biotechnol &
Aquaculture, Thalassokosmos, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece.
[Bastin, Lucy] Aston Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands,
England.
[Bastin, Lucy] European Commiss, Knowledge Management Unit, Joint Res Ctr, Via
Enrico Fermi, I-21027 Varese, Italy.
[Elith, Jane] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Bldg 143, Melbourne, Vic 3010,
Australia.
[Hobern, Donald; Schigel, Dmitry] Global Biodivers Informat Facil Secretariat,
Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
[Pesole, Graziano] Univ Bari A Moro, Dept Biosci Biotechnol & Biopharmaceut, Via
Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
[Peterseil, Johannes] Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Dept Ecosyst Res & Environm Informat
Management, Spittelauer Lande 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Saarenmaa, Hannu] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Forest Sci, Joensuu Sci
Pk,Lansikatu 15, FI-80110 Joensuu, Finland.
[Schmeller, Dirk S.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, ECOLAB, INPT,UPS, Toulouse, France.
[Segata, Nicola] Univ Trento, Ctr Integrat Biol, Via Sommar 9, I-38123 Trento,
Italy.
[Turak, Eren] NSW Off Environm & Heritage, POB A290, Sydney South, NSW 1232,
Australia.
[Turak, Eren] Australian Museum, 6 Coll St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
[Uhlir, Paul F.] Data Policy & Management, POB 305, Callicoon, NY 12723 USA.
[Wee, Brian] Mass Connect, 2410 17th St NW,Apt 306, Washington, DC 20009 USA.
[Hardisty, Alex R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Informat, Queens Bldg,5 Parade,
Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
C3 University of Amsterdam; Conservation International; Martin Luther
University Halle Wittenberg; Universidad Mayor de San Andres; Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Estacion
Biologica de Donana (EBD); Universidad de Alcala; State University
System of Florida; University of Florida; UK Centre for Ecology &
Hydrology (UKCEH); Cornell University; Zoological Society of London;
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of
Ecology & Environment (INEE); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
(MNHN); UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite;
Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research
(UFZ); University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg; Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); University of Twente; Commonwealth
Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Alliance;
International Center for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT; Hellenic Centre
for Marine Research; Aston University; European Commission Joint
Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; University of Melbourne; Universita
degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; University of Eastern Finland; Universite
de Toulouse; Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE);
Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Institut National Polytechnique
de Toulouse; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS);
University of Trento; Office of Environment & Heritage - New South
Wales; Australian Museum; Cardiff University
RP Kissling, WD (corresponding author), Univ Amsterdam, IBED, Dept Theoret &
Computat Ecol, POB 94248, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands.
EM wdkissling@gmail.com
RI Isaac, Nick/C-2716-2011; Skidmore, Andrew K/C-7441-2011; Bastin,
Lucy/ABD-2663-2021; Peterseil, Johannes/ABB-7099-2020; Fernández,
Néstor/AAA-3523-2020; Schmeller, Dirk S/F-4324-2010; Williams, Kristen
Jennifer/B-9941-2008; Pereira, Henrique/B-3975-2009; Bastin,
Lucy/ABE-1099-2021; Uhlir, Paul F/G-6246-2017; Pesole,
Graziano/K-5283-2019; Santamaria, Monica/AAQ-3050-2020; Mihoub,
Jb/B-7708-2015; Segata, Nicola/AAB-2980-2019; Wee, Brian
Peck-Sheng/P-3240-2019; DELEO, FRANCESCA/O-3680-2019; Schmeller, Dirk
S./S-6431-2019; Hobern, Donald/N-1760-2019; Fernandez,
Nestor/N-5802-2014; Segata, Nicola/K-7240-2016; Hardisty,
Alex/C-3155-2009; Agosti, Donat/M-3468-2018
OI Isaac, Nick/0000-0002-4869-8052; Skidmore, Andrew K/0000-0002-7446-8429;
Bastin, Lucy/0000-0003-1321-0800; Peterseil,
Johannes/0000-0003-0631-8231; Schmeller, Dirk S/0000-0002-3860-9933;
Williams, Kristen Jennifer/0000-0002-7324-5880; Pereira,
Henrique/0000-0003-1043-1675; Bastin, Lucy/0000-0003-1321-0800; Uhlir,
Paul F/0000-0002-5686-9763; Santamaria, Monica/0000-0003-1488-6052;
Mihoub, Jb/0000-0002-5354-850X; Wee, Brian
Peck-Sheng/0000-0002-0038-9381; DELEO, FRANCESCA/0000-0003-0421-7699;
Schmeller, Dirk S./0000-0002-3860-9933; Hobern,
Donald/0000-0001-6492-4016; Schigel, Dmitry/0000-0002-2919-1168;
Fernandez, Nestor/0000-0002-9645-8571; Turak, Eren/0000-0001-7383-9112;
Los, Wouter/0000-0001-7433-4431; Segata, Nicola/0000-0002-1583-5794;
Hardisty, Alex/0000-0002-0767-4310; Agosti, Donat/0000-0001-9286-1200
FU European Commission [654003]; LifeWatchGreece infrastructure [MIS
384676]; Greek Government under the General Secretariat of Research and
Technology (GSRT); ESFRI Projects; National Strategic Reference
Framework (NSRF); Swedish LifeWatch project - Swedish Research Council
[829-2009-6278]; Australian Research Council [FT0991640]; Australian
Research Council [FT0991640] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
FX This paper emerged from the first two workshops of the Horizon 2020
project GLOBIS-B (GLOBal Infrastructures for Supporting Biodiversity
research; http://www.globisb.eu/). We thank Carsten Meyer and one
anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on a previous version,
Jacco Konijn for administrative support, Jan van Arkel for graphical
support, and Jorg Freyhof, Renato De Giovanni, Liqiang Ji, Francisco
Hernandez, Dimitris Koureas, Jesus Marco de Lucas, David Manset, Jeffrey
Manuel, Eise van Maanen and John W. Watkins for discussions during the
workshops. We are grateful to Jorg Freyhof, Helen Matthey, the Group on
Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) and the
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) for hosting
our first workshop in Leipzig, Germany, from 29 February to 2 March
2016. We further thank Antonio Torralba Silgado, Juan Miguel Gonzalez
Aranda, Jesus Miguel Santamaria, Clara Lujan, Alfonso Herrera, the
University of Seville, and the Joint Research Unit LifeWatch Spain-JRU
LW.ES for supporting our second workshop in Sevilla, Spain, from 13 15
June 2016. Financial support came from the European Commission (grant
654003). C. A. additionally received funding from the LifeWatchGreece
infrastructure (MIS 384676), funded by the Greek Government under the
General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), ESFRI Projects
and National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF). M.O. was supported by
the Swedish LifeWatch project funded by the Swedish Research Council
(Grant no. 829-2009-6278), and J.E. by the Australian Research Council
(grant FT0991640).
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NR 133
TC 148
Z9 151
U1 20
U2 254
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1464-7931
EI 1469-185X
J9 BIOL REV
JI Biol. Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 93
IS 1
BP 600
EP 625
DI 10.1111/brv.12359
PG 26
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA FS7GK
UT WOS:000419965700030
PM 28766908
OA Green Accepted, Green Published, hybrid, Green Submitted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Berendes, D
Kirby, A
Brown, J
Wester, AL
AF Berendes, David
Kirby, Amy
Brown, Joe
Wester, Astrid L.
TI Human faeces-associated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli discharge into sanitation systems in 2015 and 2030: a
global and regional analysis
SO LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; FECAL CARRIAGE;
HUMAN HEALTH; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PREVALENCE; COLONIZATION;
ENVIRONMENT; CHILDREN; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
AB Background Improving management of and treatment within sanitation waste streams
could slow the development and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant organisms,
but the magnitude of impact has not been quantified. Extended-spectrum beta-
lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are a major cause of antimicrobial-
resistant infections and are frequently detected in faecal waste streams, making
them model indicators of the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant organisms that
are transmitted through the faecal-oral route. We aimed to estimate the mass of
faeces containing ESBL-producing E coli entering different levels of the sanitation
ladder globally and by WHO region to determine the global scale at which sanitation
infrastructure serves as a vehicle for dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant
organisms.
Methods In this global and regional analysis, we used publicly available
sanitation coverage data from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme and most
recent available scientific literature on human faecal production (2018) and
carriage of ESBL-producing E coli by healthy individuals (2016) to estimate the
quantity of faeces that has been discharged that contains ESBL-producing E coli for
2015 and projected for 2030. We estimated the mass of faeces containing ESBL-
producing E coli by WHO region and at different levels of the Sustainable
Development Goal sanitation ladder-ie, into at-least basic (ie, safely managed or
basic) systems, limited systems, and unimproved systems, and via open defecation.
We modelled three scenarios in which the proportion of ESBL-producing E coli among
all E coli that was excreted by carriers varied on the basis of the scientific
literature: 100% (scenario A), 10% (scenario B), or 1% (scenario C).
Findings Under scenario B, we estimated that approximately 19 billion kg of
faeces carrying ESBL-producing E coli was excreted in 2015 globally. Approximately
65 center dot 8% (1 center dot 2-120 billion kg depending on modelled scenario) of
this faecal biomass was managed in at-least basic sanitation systems, 8 center dot
4% (160 million-16 billion kg) in limited sanitation systems, 14 center dot 4% (270
million-27 billion kg) in unimproved sanitation systems, and 11 center dot 4% (220
million-22 billion kg) was openly defecated. The regions with the highest
proportion of openly defecated faeces containing ESBL-producing E coli were the
South-East Asia (29 center dot 4%) and African (21 center dot 8%) regions. The
South-East Asia, Western Pacific, and African regions produced 524 billion kg (63%)
of the total global human faecal biomass, but 16 center dot 9 billion kg (90%) of
faeces containing ESBL-producing E coli under scenario B. By 2030, estimates under
scenario B will have approximately doubled to 37 center dot 6 billion kg of faeces
carrying ESBL-producing E coli under the most conservative projections.
Interpretation At-least basic sanitation does not guarantee effective removal or
inactivation of antimicrobial-resistant organisms from faecal biomass. However, our
findings indicate the need for mitigating transport of antimicrobial-resistant
organisms via sanitation systems that are not safely managed, including open
defecation, which might result in direct environmental discharge and subsequent
risk of transmission back to humans. Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by
Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
C1 [Berendes, David; Kirby, Amy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne
Waterborne & Environm Dis, Waterborne Dis Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
[Brown, Joe] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332
USA.
[Wester, Astrid L.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway.
C3 Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA; University System of
Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Norwegian Institute of Public
Health (NIPH)
RP Berendes, D (corresponding author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne
Waterborne & Environm Dis, Waterborne Dis Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
EM dberendes@cdc.gov
RI Brown, Joe/ABF-8201-2020
OI Brown, Joe/0000-0002-5200-4148
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NR 57
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
EI 2542-5196
J9 LANCET PLANET HEALTH
JI Lancet Planet. Health
PD JUN
PY 2020
VL 4
IS 6
BP E246
EP E255
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
(SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA LY2ZW
UT WOS:000540397000011
PM 32559441
OA gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Allen, L
Williams, J
Townsend, N
Mikkelsen, B
Roberts, N
Foster, C
Wickramasinghe, K
AF Allen, Luke
Williams, Julianne
Townsend, Nick
Mikkelsen, Bente
Roberts, Nia
Foster, Charlie
Wickramasinghe, Kremlin
TI Socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk
factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic
review
LA English
DT Review
ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SOCIAL-CLASS; TOBACCO USE; LIFE-STYLE; NUTRITION
TRANSITION; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; URBAN-POPULATION;
NORTH-INDIA; PREVALENCE
AB Background Non-communicable diseases are the leading global cause of death and
disproportionately afflict those living in low-income and lower-middle-income
countries (LLMICs). The association between socioeconomic status and non-
communicable disease behavioural risk factors is well established in high-income
countries, but it is not clear how behavioural risk factors are distributed within
LLMICs. We aimed to systematically review evidence on the association between
socioeconomic status and harmful use of alcohol, tobacco use, unhealthy diets, and
physical inactivity within LLMICs.
Methods We searched 13 electronic databases, including Embase and MEDLINE, grey
literature, and reference lists for primary research published between Jan 1, 1990,
and June 30, 2015. We included studies from LLMICs presenting data on multiple
measures of socioeconomic status and tobacco use, alcohol use, diet, and physical
activity. No age or language restrictions were applied. We excluded studies that
did not allow comparison between more or less advantaged groups. We used a piloted
version of the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group data
collection checklist to extract relevant data at the household and individual level
from the included full text studies including study type, methods, outcomes, and
results. Due to high heterogeneity, we used a narrative approach for data
synthesis. We used descriptive statistics to assess whether the prevalence of each
risk factor varied significantly between members of different socioeconomic groups.
The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42015026604.
Findings After reviewing 4242 records, 75 studies met our inclusion criteria,
representing 2 135 314 individuals older than 10 years from 39 LLMICs. Low
socioeconomic groups were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of
tobacco and alcohol use than did high socioeconomic groups. These groups also
consumed less fruit, vegetables, fish, and fibre than those of high socioeconomic
status. High socioeconomic groups were found to be less physically active and
consume more fats, salt, and processed food than individuals of low socioeconomic
status. While the included studies presented clear patterns for tobacco use and
physical activity, heterogeneity between dietary outcome measures and a paucity of
evidence around harmful alcohol use limit the certainty of these findings.
Interpretation Despite significant heterogeneity in exposure and outcome
measures, clear evidence shows that the burden of behavioural risk factors is
affected by socioeconomic position within LLMICs. Governments seeking to meet
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.4-reducing premature non-communicable disease
mortality by a third by 2030-should leverage their development budgets to address
the poverty-health nexus in these settings. Our findings also have significance for
health workers serving these populations and policy makers tasked with preventing
and controlling the rise of non-communicable diseases. Copyright (C) 2017 World
Health Organization; licensee Elsevier. This is an Open Access article published
under the CC BY 3.0 IGO license which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In any
use of this article, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific
organisation, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. This
notice should be preserved along with the article's original URL.
C1 [Allen, Luke; Williams, Julianne; Townsend, Nick; Foster, Charlie;
Wickramasinghe, Kremlin] Univ Oxford, British Heart Fdn, Ctr Populat Approaches
Noncommunicable Dis Preven, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford OX3 7LF, England.
[Roberts, Nia] Univ Oxford, Hlth Care Lib, Bodleian Lib, Oxford, England.
[Mikkelsen, Bente] WHO, WHO Global Coordinat Mech Prevent & Control Nonco,
C3 University of Oxford; University of Oxford; World Health Organization
RP Townsend, N (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, British Heart Fdn, Ctr Populat
Approaches Noncommunicable Dis Preven, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford OX3 7LF,
England.
EM nicholas.townsend@dph.ox.ac.uk
RI Roberts, Nia W/F-9842-2010
OI Roberts, Nia W/0000-0002-1142-6440; Wickramasinghe,
Kremlin/0000-0001-9497-7901; Foster, Charlie/0000-0002-5041-0601; Allen,
Luke/0000-0003-2750-3575; Townsend, Nick/0000-0001-9890-0901
FU WHO; National Institute for Health Research [ACF-2016-13-004] Funding
Source: researchfish
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NR 126
TC 276
Z9 280
U1 6
U2 78
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2214-109X
PD MAR
PY 2017
VL 5
IS 3
BP E277
EP E289
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30058-X
PG 13
(SSCI)
GA EN9TE
UT WOS:000396341700032
PM 28193397
OA Green Published, Green Accepted, gold
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Cunha, NS
Magalhaes, MR
AF Cunha, N. S.
Magalhaes, M. R.
TI Methodology for mapping the national ecological network to mainland
Portugal: A planning tool towards a green infrastructure
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecological network (EN); Green infrastructure; EN mapping method;
Ecological components; GIS mapping; National scale
ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; LANDSCAPE; SENSITIVITY; FRAMEWORK; EUROPE; AREAS
AB The concept and establishment of Ecological Networks (EN) have been seen as a
solution towards nature conservation strategies targeting biodiversity and
ecological connectivity. Within this, the EN assumed a holistic view of land-use
planning and biodiversity conservation as the core of the wider Green
Infrastructure (GI) framework. The EN is considered a spatial concept recognized as
a system of landscape structures or ecosystems, and a strategically connected
fundamental infrastructure of abiotic and biotic systems, underlying the provision
of multiple functions valuable to society. This concept moves beyond traditional
approaches of "nature protection and preservation", (re)focusing on the ecosystemic
approach and the "continuum naturale", emphasising the quality or potentiality of
physical components, allowing the articulation with the nature conservation and at-
risk areas.
Portugal has long had legislation in place meant to protect the natural
resources. Although the environmental policies are sectoral and unarticulated, and
the environmental data is dispersed and absent. In addition, this study shows that
the existing protected areas in Portugal, namely Natura 2000 and classified
protected areas, are insufficient to ensure landscape ecological balance and avoid
fragmentation. The main goal is to develop a methodology to map a National
Ecological Network (NEN) for mainland Portugal, establish the theoretical framework
of the EN/GI, by identifying and mapping the most valuable and sensitive areas that
guarantee the ecosystem functioning through a multi-level ecological evaluation
criteria that integrate the physical and biological systems. The Portuguese NEN
map, with a 25m spatial resolution, integrates in a single tool the Portuguese
environmental policies more effectively, in order to facilitate its understanding
and application into planning.
Regarding the EN mapping method, it was used a GIS-based model made up of a
sequence of analyses and evaluations that are driven by a GIS supported assessment
of several indices/models used for each EN component. These NEN components were
studied individually and collectively and the results, hierarchized in two levels,
show that most of the ecological components do not overlap. The NEN1 has high
biodiversity and ecological value, which means they are more vulnerable to
anthropogenic activity. NEN1 covers a total of 67 % of the mainland, yet as of
2018, only 25 % is protected in nature conservation areas. Priority of action must
be given to NEN1 in order to avoid/decrease landscape fragmentation, environmental
risks, and natural disaster prevention.
This paper contributes to the understanding of the NEN importance as an
ecologically based tool towards a more sustainable landscape planning, and the
basis of the development plans at national, regional and local levels in an
integrated manner, instead of a compilation of disassociated often-contradictory
planning tools. The benefits of a Portuguese NEN into a GI development and part of
a (broader) nature base solutions by increasing the ecosystems quality and become
less dependent on economic and social activities, helping in the restoration of
degraded ecosystems and environmental risk prevention. Moreover, it represents the
first attempt to map Portuguese EN, and addresses the lack of mapping and the
inconsistent EN criteria. It is available online at http://epic-webgis-
portugal.isa.ulisboa.pt.
C1 [Cunha, N. S.; Magalhaes, M. R.] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Agron, LEAF, Linking
Landscape Environm Agr & Food Res Ctr, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal.
C3 Universidade de Lisboa
RP Cunha, NS (corresponding author), Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Agron, LEAF, Linking
Landscape Environm Agr & Food Res Ctr, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal.
EM natcunha@isa.ulisboa.pt; mmrm@tecnico.ulisboa.pt
RI BITOUN, RACHEL Elisabeth/AAC-9538-2021
OI BITOUN, RACHEL Elisabeth/0000-0002-3614-9910; Raposo Magalhaes,
Manuela/0000-0003-4842-7604; Cunha, Natalia/0000-0002-7541-2232
FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) from the Ministerio da
Educacao; European Union [FCT/DFRH - SFRH/BD/62064/2009,
PTDC/AUR-URB/102578/2008]; LEAF -Linking Landscape, Environment,
Agriculture and Food Research Centre [FCT-UID/AGR/04129/2013]; FCT/MEC -
FEDER; FEDER within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement; Fundação para a
Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/AUR-URB/102578/2008] Funding Source: FCT
FX This work was supported by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
(FCT) from the Ministerio da Educacao and the European Union, through
the Doctoral Grant no FCT/DFRH - SFRH/BD/62064/2009 and Research Project
no PTDC/AUR-URB/102578/2008 "National Ecological Network a proposal of
mapping and policies". This work was also developed in Instituto
Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, in the scope of the
projects from LEAF -Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food
Research Centre (FCT-UID/AGR/04129/2013), financed by the FCT/MEC
through national funds and co-financed by the FEDER within the PT2020
Partnership Agreement.
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NR 76
TC 33
Z9 43
U1 8
U2 126
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
J9 ECOL INDIC
JI Ecol. Indic.
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 104
BP 802
EP 818
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.050
PG 17
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
(SSCI)
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA IC4VU
UT WOS:000470966000079
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Farinosi, F
Giupponi, C
Reynaud, A
Ceccherini, G
Carmona-Moreno, C
De Roo, A
Gonzalez-Sanchez, D
Bidoglio, G
AF Farinosi, F.
Giupponi, C.
Reynaud, A.
Ceccherini, G.
Carmona-Moreno, C.
De Roo, A.
Gonzalez-Sanchez, D.
Bidoglio, G.
TI An innovative approach to the assessment of hydro-political risk: A
spatially explicit, data driven indicator of hydro-political issues
SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydro-political risk; Water cross-border issues; Transboundary water
interactions; Random Forest regression
ID WATER CONFLICT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RANDOM FORESTS; SHARED RIVERS;
COOPERATION; MODEL; BASINS; PRECIPITATION; RESILIENCE; SIMULATION
AB Competition over limited water resources is one of the main concerns for the
coming decades. Although water issues alone have not been the sole trigger for
warfare in the past, tensions over freshwater management and use represent one of
the main concerns in political relations between riparian states and may exacerbate
existing tensions, increase regional instability and social unrest. Previous
studies made great efforts to understand how international water management
problems were addressed by actors in a more cooperative or confrontational way. In
this study, we analyze what are the pre-conditions favoring the insurgence of water
management issues in shared water bodies, rather than focusing on the way water
issues are then managed among actors. We do so by proposing an innovative analysis
of past episodes of conflict and cooperation over transboundary water resources
(jointly defined as "hydro-political interactions"). On the one hand, we aim at
highlighting the factors that are more relevant in determining water interactions
across political boundaries. On the other hand, our objective is to map and monitor
the evolution of the likelihood of experiencing hydro-political interactions over
space and time, under changing socioeconomic and biophysical scenarios, through a
spatially explicit data driven index. Historical cross-border water interactions
were used as indicators of the magnitude of corresponding water joint-management
issues. These were correlated with information about river basin freshwater
availability, climate stress, human pressure on water resources, socioeconomic
conditions (including institutional development and power imbalances), and
topographic characteristics. This analysis allows for identification of the main
factors that determine water interactions, such as water availability, population
density, power imbalances, and climatic stressors. The proposed model was used to
map at high spatial resolution the probability of experiencing hydro-political
interactions worldwide. This baseline outline is then compared to four distinct
climate and population density projections aimed to estimate trends for hydro-
political interactions under future conditions (2050 and 2100), while considering
two greenhouse gases emission scenarios (moderate and extreme climate change). The
combination of climate and population growth dynamics is expected to impact
negatively on the overall hydro-political risk by increasing the likelihood of
water interactions in the trans boundary river basins, with an average increase
ranging between 74.9% (2050 population and moderate climate change) to 95% (2100 -
population and extreme climate change). Future demographic and climatic conditions
are expected to exert particular pressure on already water stressed basins such as
the Nile, the Ganges/Brahmaputra, the Indus, the Tigris/Euphrates, and the
Colorado. The results of this work allow us to identify current and future areas
where water issues are more likely to arise, and where cooperation over water
should be actively pursued to avoid possible tensions especially under changing
environmental conditions. From a policy perspective, the index presented in this
study can be used to provide a sound quantitative basis to the assessment of the
Sustainable Development Goal 6, Target 6.5 "Water resources management", and in
particular to indicator 6.5.2 "Transboundary cooperation".
C1 [Farinosi, F.; Ceccherini, G.; Carmona-Moreno, C.; De Roo, A.; Gonzalez-Sanchez,
D.; Bidoglio, G.] European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
[Reynaud, A.] Univ Toulouse Capitole, INRA, Toulouse Sch Econ, Toulouse, France.
[Giupponi, C.] Ca Foscari Univ Venice, Venice Ctr Climate Studies VICCS, Dept
Econ, Venice, Italy.
C3 European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; INRAE;
Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School
of Economics; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia
RP Farinosi, F (corresponding author), European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr,
Directorate Sustainable Resources D, Unit Water & Marine Resources D02, Via E Fermi
2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
EM fabio.farinosi@gmail.com
RI Farinosi, Fabio/R-6554-2018; ceccherini, guido/G-9406-2018
OI Farinosi, Fabio/0000-0002-4774-4854; ceccherini,
guido/0000-0003-1772-9554
FU Research Chair "Finance Durable et Investissement Responsable"; Amundi
FX Arnaud Reynaud gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the
Research Chair "Finance Durable et Investissement Responsable" and the
Research Chair Amundi.
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[No title captured]
NR 99
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 5
U2 38
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0959-3780
EI 1872-9495
J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG
JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens.
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 52
BP 286
EP 313
DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.001
PG 28
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography
(SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography
GA GZ5FP
UT WOS:000449444900026
PM 30679888
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Marchant, R
Richer, S
Boles, O
Capitani, C
Courtney-Mustaphi, CJ
Lane, P
Prendergast, ME
Stump, D
De Cort, G
Kaplan, JO
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Wynne-Jones, S
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Muthoni, R
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Ndiema, E
Nzabandora, CK
Onjala, I
Schrijver, AP
Rucina, S
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Thornton-Barnett, S
van der Plas, G
Watson, EE
Williamson, D
Wright, D
AF Marchant, Rob
Richer, Suzi
Boles, Oliver
Capitani, Claudia
Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J.
Lane, Paul
Prendergast, Mary E.
Stump, Daryl.
De Cort, Gijs
Kaplan, Jed O.
Phelps, Leanne
Kay, Andrea
Olago, Dan
Petek, Nik
Platts, Philip J.
Punwong, Paramita
Widgren, Mats
Wynne-Jones, Stephanie
Ferro-Vazquez, Cruz
Benard, Jacquiline
Boivin, Nicole
Crowther, Alison
Cuni-Sanchez, Aida
Deere, Nicolas J.
Ekblom, Anneli
Farmer, Jennifer
Finch, Jemma
Fuller, Dorian
Gaillard-Lemdahl, Marie-Jose
Gillson, Lindsey
Githumbi, Esther
Kabora, Tabitha
Kariuki, Rebecca
Kinyanjui, Rahab
Kyazike, Elizabeth
Lang, Carol
Lejju, Julius
Morrison, Kathleen D.
Muiruri, Veronica
Mumbi, Cassian
Muthoni, Rebecca
Muzuka, Alfred
Ndiema, Emmanuel
Nzabandora, Chantal Kabonyi
Onjala, Isaya
Schrijver, Annemiek Pas
Rucina, Stephen
Shoemaker, Anna
Thornton-Barnett, Senna
van der Plas, Geert
Watson, Elizabeth E.
Williamson, David
Wright, David
TI Drivers and trajectories of land cover change in East Africa: Human and
environmental interactions from 6000 years ago to present
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Archaeology; Iron technology; Pottery; Pastoralism; Agriculture;
Livelihoods; Palaeoenvironments; Savannah; LandCover6k; Sustainable
Development Goals; Land use
ID LAKE VICTORIA BASIN; RECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH; HOLOCENE MANGROVE
DYNAMICS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; LATE QUATERNARY;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; INDIAN-OCEAN; NORTHERN TANZANIA
AB East African landscapes today are the result of the cumulative effects of
climate and land-use change over millennial timescales. In this review, we compile
archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data from East Africa to document land-cover
change, and environmental, subsistence and land-use transitions, over the past 6000
years. Throughout East Africa there have been a series of relatively rapid and
high-magnitude environmental shifts characterised by changing hydrological budgets
during the mid- to late Holocene. For example, pronounced environmental shifts that
manifested as a marked change in the rainfall amount or seasonality and subsequent
hydrological budget throughout East Africa occurred around 4000, 800 and 300
radiocarbon years before present (yr BP). The past 6000 years have also seen
numerous shifts in human interactions with East African ecologies. From the mid-
Holocene, land use has both diversified and increased exponentially, this has been
associated with the arrival of new subsistence systems, crops, migrants and
technologies, all giving rise to a sequence of significant phases of land-cover
change. The first large-scale human influences began to occur around 4000 yr BP,
associated with the introduction of domesticated livestock and the expansion of
pastoral communities. The first widespread and intensive forest clearances were
associated with the arrival of iron-using early farming communities around 2500 yr
BP, particularly in productive and easily-cleared mid-altitudinal areas. Extensive
and pervasive land-cover change has been associated with population growth,
immigration and movement of people. The expansion of trading routes between the
interior and the coast, starting around 1300 years ago and intensifying in the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries CE, was one such process. These caravan routes
possibly acted as conduits for spreading New World crops such as maize (Zea mays),
tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), although the
processes and timings of their introductions remains poorly documented. The
introduction of southeast Asian domesticates, especially banana (Musa spp.), rice
(Oryza spp.), taro (Colocasia esculenta), and chicken (Gallus gallus), via
transoceanic biological transfers around and across the Indian Ocean, from at least
around 1300 yr BP, and potentially significantly earlier, also had profound social
and ecological consequences across parts of the region.
Through an interdisciplinary synthesis of information and metadatasets, we
explore the different drivers and directions of changes in land-cover, and the
associated environmental histories and interactions with various cultures,
technologies, and subsistence strategies through time and across space in East
Africa. This review suggests topics for targeted future research that focus on
areas and/or time periods where our understanding of the interactions between
people, the environment and land-cover change are most contentious and/or poorly
resolved. The review also offers a perspective on how knowledge of regional land-
use change can be used to inform and provide perspectives on contemporary issues
such as climate and ecosystem change models, conservation strategies, and the
achievement of nature-based solutions for development purposes.
C1 [Marchant, Rob; Richer, Suzi; Boles, Oliver; Capitani, Claudia; Courtney-
Mustaphi, Colin J.; Platts, Philip J.; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida; Githumbi, Esther;
Kariuki, Rebecca] Univ York, Environm Dept, York Inst Trop Ecosyst, York YO10 5NG,
N Yorkshire, England.
[Richer, Suzi; Stump, Daryl.; Ferro-Vazquez, Cruz; Kabora, Tabitha; Lang, Carol;
Rucina, Stephen; Thornton-Barnett, Senna] Univ York, Dept Archaeol, Kings Manor,
York YO1 7EP, N Yorkshire, England.
[Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J.; Lane, Paul; Petek, Nik; Ekblom, Anneli; Shoemaker,
Anna] Uppsala Univ, Inst Arkeol & Ant Hist, POB 256, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Lane, Paul] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies,
[Prendergast, Mary E.] St Louis Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ave Valle 34, Madrid
28003, Spain.
[De Cort, Gijs] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept Earth Sci, Leuvensesteenweg 13,
B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
[Kaplan, Jed O.] ARVE Res SARL, Pully, Switzerland.
[Phelps, Leanne; Kay, Andrea] Univ Lausanne, Inst Earth Surface Dynam, CH-1015
Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Olago, Dan] Univ Nairobi, Inst Climate Change & Adaptat, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Platts, Philip J.] Univ York, Dept Biol, York Y010 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Punwong, Paramita] Mahidol Univ, Fac Environm & Resource Studies, Salaya 73170,
Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
[Widgren, Mats; Schrijver, Annemiek Pas] Stockholm Univ, Dept Human Geog, SE-
10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Benard, Jacquiline] Kenya Wildlife Serv, Shimba Hills, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Kaplan, Jed O.; Boivin, Nicole; Crowther, Alison] Max Planck Inst Sci Human
Hist, Dept Archaeol, Kahlaische Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Crowther, Alison] Univ Queensland, Sch Social Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072,
Australia.
[Deere, Nicolas J.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, DICE, Marlowe Bldg,
Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England.
[Farmer, Jennifer] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, Scotland.
[Farmer, Jennifer] Carbon Fdn East Africa, POB 70480 Lubowa Estate, Kampala,
Uganda.
[Finch, Jemma] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Agr Earth & Environm Sci, Discipline
Geog, Private Bag X01, ZA-3201 Scottsville, South Africa.
[Fuller, Dorian] UCL, Inst Archaeol, 31-34 Gordon Sq, London WC1H OPY, England.
[Gaillard-Lemdahl, Marie-Jose] Linnaeus Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-35195
Vaxjo, Sweden.
[Gillson, Lindsey] Univ Cape Town, Plant Conservat Unit, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701
Cape Town, South Africa.
[Gillson, Lindsey] Univ Cape Town, Bot Dept, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Cape Town,
South Africa.
[Kinyanjui, Rahab; Muiruri, Veronica; Muthoni, Rebecca; Rucina, Stephen] Natl
Museums Kenya, Palynol & Palaeobot Sect, Dept Earth Sci, POB 40658, Nairobi 00100,
Kenya.
[Onjala, Isaya; Watson, Elizabeth E.] Kyambogo Univ, Dept Hist & Archaeol,
Kampala, Uganda.
[Lejju, Julius] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, POB 1410, Mbarara,
Uganda.
[Morrison, Kathleen D.] Univ Penn, Dept Anthropol, 3260 South St, Philadelphia,
PA 19104 USA.
[Mumbi, Cassian] Tanzania Wildlife Res Inst TAWIRI, Arusha, Tanzania.
[Muzuka, Alfred] Nelson Mandela African Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Water Resources
& Environm Sci & Engn, Arusha, Tanzania.
[Ndiema, Emmanuel] Natl Museums Kenya, Archaeol Sect, POB 40658, Nairobi 00100,
Kenya.
[Nzabandora, Chantal Kabonyi] Univ Officielle Bukavu, Bukavu, DEM REP CONGO.
[De Cort, Gijs; van der Plas, Geert] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Limnol Unit, KL
Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
[Watson, Elizabeth E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Downing Pl, Cambridge CB2 3EN,
England.
[Williamson, David] IRD, United Nations Ave,POB 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
[Wright, David] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Archaeol & Art Hist, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul
08826, South Korea.
[Wynne-Jones, Stephanie] Univ South Africa, Dept Anthropol & Archaeol, UNISA,
POB 392, Pretoria, South Africa.
C3 University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Uppsala University;
University of Witwatersrand; Royal Museum for Central Africa; University
of Lausanne; University of Nairobi; University of York - UK; Mahidol
University; Stockholm University; University of Queensland; University
of Kent; University of Aberdeen; University of Kwazulu Natal; University
of London; University College London; Linnaeus University; University of
Cape Town; University of Cape Town; Mbarara University of Science &
Technology; University of Pennsylvania; Nelson Mandela African
Institution of Science & Technology; Ghent University; University of
Cambridge; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Seoul
National University (SNU); University of South Africa
RP Marchant, R (corresponding author), Univ York, Environm Dept, York Inst Trop
Ecosyst, York YO10 5NG, N Yorkshire, England.
EM robert.marchant@york.ac.uk
RI Kyazike, Elizabeth/AAE-4266-2020; Widgren, Mats/C-2829-2008;
Ferro-Vázquez, Cruz/Z-4987-2019; Fuller, Dorian Q/C-1908-2008; Wright,
David K./H-3311-2019; van der Plas, Geert/AAG-6108-2020; Platts, Philip
J./C-2002-2009; Fuller, Dorian/AAF-7400-2019; Crowther,
Alison/AAR-9872-2021; Gillson, Lindsey/AAR-6531-2020; Punwong,
Paramita/HPD-2050-2023; Kay, Andrea/X-4373-2019; De Cort,
Gijs/J-9565-2019; Kaplan, Jed O./P-1796-2015; Ekblom,
Anneli/Q-7941-2019; Lane, Paul/AAK-1995-2020; Githumbi,
Esther/ABH-8329-2020; Finch, Jemma M./F-3739-2010; Crowther,
Alison/B-7854-2016
OI Kyazike, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1503-7220; Fuller, Dorian
Q/0000-0002-4859-080X; Wright, David K./0000-0003-1704-0423; van der
Plas, Geert/0000-0002-6367-8535; Platts, Philip J./0000-0002-0153-0121;
Fuller, Dorian/0000-0002-4859-080X; Gillson,
Lindsey/0000-0001-9607-6760; Kay, Andrea/0000-0001-8285-1893; De Cort,
Gijs/0000-0001-7437-4943; Kaplan, Jed O./0000-0001-9919-7613; Lane,
Paul/0000-0002-9936-1310; Githumbi, Esther/0000-0002-6470-8986; Finch,
Jemma M./0000-0002-6678-6910; BOIVIN, NICOLE/0000-0002-7783-4199;
Courtney Mustaphi, Colin/0000-0002-4439-2590; Petek-Sargeant,
Nik/0000-0003-4552-0125; Capitani, Claudia/0000-0002-1899-8679; Ekblom,
Anneli/0000-0001-9248-5516; Crowther, Alison/0000-0002-2394-1917;
Kariuki, Rebecca/0000-0001-7888-7594; Wynne-Jones,
Stephanie/0000-0002-3005-8647
FU European Commission Marie Sklodowska-Curie Initial Training Network
grant (FP7-PEOPLE-ITN project) [606879-REAL]; Adaptation and Resilience
to Climate Change (ARCC) - Vetenskapsradet; Formas; Sida under the
Sustainability and resilience - tackling climate and environmental
changes [2016-06355]; Wenner-Gren Hunt Fellowship [9133]; Radcliffe
Institute for Advanced Study; European Research Council
[ERC-2013-StG-337128-AAREA]; Swiss National Science Foundation grant
(ACACIA) [CR10I2_146314]; European Research Council (COEVOLVE) [313797];
Belgian Science Policy (Belspo) [BR/121/A2/PAMEXEA]; AHRC [AH/R005443/1]
Funding Source: UKRI; Arts and Humanities Research Council
[AH/R005443/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Directorate For
Geosciences; Division Of Earth Sciences [1440015] Funding Source:
National Science Foundation
FX Numerous people have offered support and comment on the research at
various stages of its development; without these contributions, this
work would not have been possible. Thanks must go to the people who have
made their data available for this review, within the African Pollen
Database and NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Past
Global Changes (PAGES) supported a workshop at the British Institute in
Eastern Africa (Nairobi, Kenya) in November 2015 where some of these
ideas started to be developed. This review is a contribution to PAGES
LandCover6k (www.pastglobalchanges.org/ini/wg/landcover6k/intro). We
thank Quinn Asena for helping to organise parts of the metadatasets,
Colin Beale for MODIS-based fire frequency estimates, and Kristen
Krumhardt for extracting KK10 reconstruction products for eastern
Africa. We thank Johnny Panga Brushworth for insightful discussion on
human-environment interactions in eastern Africa and thank the editor,
Ian Candy, and reviewer, Henry Hoogiemstra, for their critical peer
review that improved the manuscript. CJCM, EG, RK, AS, APS, NP, and GvdP
were supported by a European Commission Marie Sklodowska-Curie Initial
Training Network grant to PL, RM and MW (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN project
number 606879-REAL). CJCM was also supported by the Adaptation and
Resilience to Climate Change (ARCC) project funded by Vetenskapsradet,
Formas, and Sida under the Sustainability and resilience - tackling
climate and environmental changes 2016-06355, awarded to PL and RM. MEP
was supported by a Wenner-Gren Hunt Fellowship (Grant #9133) and the
Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. DS, CFV, CL, TK, SR and ST-B
were supported by a European Research Council grant awarded to DS
(ERC-2013-StG-337128-AAREA), and CFV formerly by a Marie
Sklodowska-Curie International Fellowship grant
(65735-tRRACES-H2020-MSCA-IF-2014). AK and LP were supported by a Swiss
National Science Foundation grant (ACACIA, CR10I2_146314) and JK was
supported by the European Research Council (COEVOLVE, 313797). We thank
editors, Tim Horscroft and Ian Candy, for an invitation to submit our
manuscript to ESR. GDC was supported by Belgian Science Policy (Belspo)
project BR/121/A2/PAMEXEA.
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NR 785
TC 80
Z9 80
U1 9
U2 64
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0012-8252
EI 1872-6828
J9 EARTH-SCI REV
JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2018
VL 178
BP 322
EP 378
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.010
PG 57
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
(SSCI)
SC Geology
GA GD8PG
UT WOS:000430774000014
OA Green Submitted, Green Accepted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Zaied, AJ
Geli, HME
Sawalhah, MN
Holechek, JL
Cibils, AF
Gard, CC
AF Zaied, Ashraf J.
Geli, Hatim M. E.
Sawalhah, Mohammed N.
Holechek, Jerry L.
Cibils, Andres F.
Gard, Charlotte C.
TI Historical Trends in New Mexico Forage Crop Production in Relation to
Climate, Energy, and Rangelands
SO SUSTAINABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE hay; corn; and grain sorghum; crude oil production and prices;
precipitation and temperature; beef cattle production and prices; New
Mexico
ID SORGHUM SORGHUM-BICOLOR; DROUGHT STRESS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; MANAGEMENT;
HEAT; CORN; OIL
AB This study was conducted within the context of providing an improved
understanding of New Mexico's food, energy, water systems (FEWS) and their behavior
under variable climate and socioeconomic conditions. The goal of this paper was to
characterize the relationships between production and prices of some forage crops
(hay, grain sorghum, and corn) that can be used as feed supplements for beef cattle
production and the potential impacts from a changing climate (precipitation,
temperature) and energy inputs (crude oil production and prices). The analysis was
based on 60 years of data (1958-2017) using generalized autoregressive conditional
heteroscedasticity models. Hay production showed a declining trend since 2000 and
in 2017, it dropped by similar to 33% compared to that of 2000. Crude oil
production (R-2 = 0.83) and beef cattle population (R-2 = 0.85) were negatively
correlated with hay production. A moderate declining trend in mean annual hay
prices was also observed. Mean annual range conditions (R-2 = 0.60) was negatively
correlated with mean annual hay prices, whereas mean annual crude oil prices (R-2 =
0.48) showed a positive relationship. Grain sorghum production showed a consistent
declining trend since 1971 and in 2017, it dropped by similar to 91% compared to
that of 1971. Mean annual temperature (R-2 = 0.58) was negatively correlated with
grain sorghum production, while beef cattle population (R-2 = 0.61) and range
conditions (R-2 = 0.51) showed positive linear relationships. Mean annual grain
sorghum prices decreased since the peak of 1974 and in 2017, they dropped by
similar to 77% compared to those of 1974. Crude oil prices (R-2 = 0.72) and beef
cattle population (R-2 = 0.73) were positively correlated with mean annual grain
sorghum prices. Corn production in 2017 dropped by similar to 61% compared to the
peak that occurred in 1999. Crude oil production (R-2 = 0.85) and beef cattle
population (R-2 = 0.86) were negatively correlated with corn production. Mean
annual corn prices showed a declining trend since 1974 and in 2017, they dropped by
similar to 75% compared to those of 1974. Mean annual corn prices were positively
correlated with mean annual precipitation (R-2 = 0.83) and negatively correlated
with crude oil production (R-2 = 0.84). These finding can particularly help in
developing a more holistic model that integrates FEWS components to explain their
response to internal (i.e., management practices) and external (i.e.,
environmental) stressors. Such holistic modeling can further inform the development
and adoption of more sustainable production and resource use practices.
C1 [Zaied, Ashraf J.; Holechek, Jerry L.; Cibils, Andres F.] New Mexico State Univ,
Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Geli, Hatim M. E.] New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Water Resources Res Inst,
Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Geli, Hatim M. E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM
88003 USA.
[Sawalhah, Mohammed N.] Hashemite Univ, Prince El Hassan Bin Talal Fac Arid
Lands, Dept Nat Resources Arid Lands, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
[Gard, Charlotte C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Econ Appl Stat & Int Business,
Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
C3 New Mexico State University; New Mexico State University; New Mexico
State University; Hashemite University; New Mexico State University
RP Geli, HME (corresponding author), New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Water
Resources Res Inst, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.; Geli, HME (corresponding author),
New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM ashrzaie@nmsu.edu; hgeli@nmsu.edu; sawalhah@hu.edu.jo;
holechek@nmsu.edu; acibils@nmsu.edu; cgard@nmsu.edu
RI Sawalhah, Mohammed N./AAW-8477-2021
OI Sawalhah, Mohammed N./0000-0003-1128-7847; Geli, Hatim M.
E./0000-0002-2079-4579
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1739835, IIA-1301346]; New Mexico
State University; Canadian Bureau of International Education (CBIE)
-Libyan-North American Scholarship Program (LNASP)
FX This research was partially funded by the National Science Foundation
(NSF), awards #1739835 and #IIA-1301346", New Mexico State University,
and Canadian Bureau of International Education (CBIE) -Libyan-North
American Scholarship Program (LNASP).
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NR 68
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PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2071-1050
J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL
JI Sustainability
PD MAR 1
PY 2020
VL 12
IS 5
AR 2051
DI 10.3390/su12052051
PG 22
WC Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental Sciences;
Environmental Studies
(SSCI)
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA KY3KU
UT WOS:000522470900352
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Berdzuli, N
Lomia, N
Staff, AC
Kereselidze, M
Lazdane, G
Jacobsen, AF
AF Berdzuli, Nino
Lomia, Nino
Staff, Anne Cathrine
Kereselidze, Maia
Lazdane, Gunta
Jacobsen, Anne Flem
TI Maternal Mortality in Georgia: Incidence, Causes and Level of
Underreporting: A National Reproductive Age Mortality Study 2014
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE maternal mortality; maternal death; incidence; causes; underreporting of
maternal deaths; verbal autopsy; reproductive age mortality study
ID HEALTH; DISPARITIES; DELIVERY; DEATHS
AB Introduction: Accurate data on maternal mortality are essential for assessing
progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The aim of the study was to
determine the incidence and causes of maternal deaths in Georgia, then explore the
potential for improvement of quality of maternal health care. The study's secondary
aims were to identify the level of underreporting of maternal deaths in Georgian
vital statistics over 1 year (2012) and to compare these results with previous data
from 2006. The study findings allow to support the country in developing evidence-
based policies and tracking progress towards meeting SDG targets.
Methods: A national Reproductive Age Mortality Survey (RAMOS) was conducted in
Georgia in 2014-15. Multiple data sources were used to identify deaths of women
aged 15-49 years between January and December 2012. All deaths in women of
reproductive age were investigated through verbal autopsy (VA) diagnoses. Deaths in
women during pregnancy or one-year postpartum were further investigated by
conducting interviews and medical record reviews at the last medical facility which
provided health care for the woman during her fatal condition. A specialist panel
reviewed these cases and assigned underlining causes of deaths.
Results: We found that 98% of deaths among women of reproductive age were
registered by Georgia's civil registration and vital statistics system (CRVS). A
total of 918 deaths met the study inclusion criteria. Thirty-six (4.1%) women died
during pregnancy or within one-year postpartum. Among these 36 deaths, 23 (63.8%)
were maternal deaths, 15 early (either during pregnancy or 42 days postpartum) and
eight late (43-365 days postpartum) deaths (65.2% vs 34.8%). The remaining 13 of 36
deaths were coincidental deaths. Fourteen maternal deaths were reported by official
statistics and nine deaths were not included in these statistics. Thus, the
underreporting rate was 39%. Direct obstetric causes accounted for 73.9% (n=17) of
maternal deaths, whereas 26.1% (n=6) were indirect. The leading causes of direct
maternal deaths were infection (21.7%), hemorrhage (17.4%), pulmonary embolism
(13.0%), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (8.7%). The RAMOS study calculated a
maternal mortality ratio (early maternal deaths) of 26.3 per 100,000 live births
compared with the official figure of 22.8 per 100,000 live births.
Discussions: Registration of early maternal deaths significantly improved since
last survey in 2008, while indirect and late maternal deaths continue to be
unrecognized, as reflected in official Georgian statistics. The difference between
RAMOS study findings and officially reported maternal mortality rates is minimal,
showing improvements in detection of maternal deaths by the national maternal
mortality surveillance system. The greatest number of direct obstetric deaths occur
in the first week postpartum, which likely reflects deficiencies in quality of
care.
C1 [Berdzuli, Nino; Lomia, Nino; Staff, Anne Cathrine; Jacobsen, Anne Flem] Univ
Oslo, Fac Med, Inst Clin Med, Oslo, Norway.
[Staff, Anne Cathrine; Jacobsen, Anne Flem] Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Obstet &
Gynaecol, Oslo, Norway.
[Kereselidze, Maia] Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Dept Med Stat, Tbilisi,
Georgia.
[Lazdane, Gunta] Riga Stradins Univ, Riga, Latvia.
C3 University of Oslo; University of Oslo; National Center for Disease
Control & Public Health - Georgia; Riga Stradins University
RP Berdzuli, N; Jacobsen, AF (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Fac Med, Inst Clin
Med, Oslo, Norway.; Jacobsen, AF (corresponding author), Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Obstet
& Gynaecol, Oslo, Norway.
EM nbniaber@gmail.com; UXAFJA@ous-hf.no
RI Lazdane, Gunta/AAL-3524-2021
OI Lomia, Nino/0000-0003-3865-2584
FU US International Development Agency; Letten Foundation
FX The authors thank the US International Development Agency for funding
this study and Letten Foundation for providing financial support for
this work. The authors are also grateful to the staff of NCDC&PH and all
other contributors to this study. Our gratitude to Nancy Pendarvis
Harris for editorial support as well. The funding agency had no role in
the study design and data collection, data analysis, or preparation of
this manuscript.
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NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
PI ALBANY
PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1179-1411
J9 INT J WOMENS HEALTH
JI Int. J. Womens Health
PY 2020
VL 12
BP 277
EP 286
DI 10.2147/IJWH.S227349
PG 10
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA LB3XF
UT WOS:000524569600001
PM 32308502
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Simon, P
Gogotsi, Y
AF Simon, P.
Gogotsi, Y.
TI Capacitive Energy Storage in Nanostructured Carbon-Electrolyte Systems
SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
ID IONIC-LIQUID; ACTIVATED CARBONS; PERFORMANCE; CARBONIZATION; CHALLENGES;
NANOTUBES
AB Securing our energy future is the most important problem that humanity faces in
this century. Burning fossil fuels is not sustainable, and wide use of renewable
energy sources will require a drastically increased ability to store electrical
energy. In the move toward an electrical economy, chemical (batteries) and
capacitive energy storage (electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors) devices
are expected to play an important role. This Account summarizes research in the
field of electrochemical capacitors conducted over the past decade.
Overall, the combination of the right electrode materials with a proper
electrolyte can successfully Increase both the energy stored by the device and its
power, but no perfect active material exists and no electrolyte suits every
material and every performance goal. However, today, many materials are available,
including porous activated, carbide-derived, and templated carbons with high
surface areas and porosities that range from subnanometer to just a few nanometers.
If the pore size is matched with the electrolyte ion size, those materials can
provide high energy density. Exohedral nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes and
onion-like carbon, can provide high power due to fast ion sorption/desorption on
their outer surfaces. Because of its higher charge discharge rates compared with
activated carbons, graphene has attracted increasing attention, but graphene had
not yet shown a higher volumetric capacitance than porous carbons.
Although aqueous electrolytes, such as sodium sulfate, are the safest and least
expensive, they have a limited voltage window. Organic electrolytes, such as
solutions of [N(C2H5)(4)]BF4 in acetonitrile or propylene carbonate, are the most
common in commercial devices. Researchers are increasingly interested in
nonflammable ionic liquids. These liquids have low vapor pressures, which allow
them to be used safely over a temperature range from -50 degrees C to at least 100
degrees C and over a larger voltage window, which results in a higher energy
density than other electrolytes.
In situ characterization techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),
small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and
electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) have improved our understanding
of the electrical double layer in confinement and desolvation of ions in narrow
pores. Atomisitic and continuum modeling have verified and guided these
experimental studies. The further development of materials and better understanding
of charged solid-electrolyte interfaces should lead to wider use of capacitive
energy storage at scales ranging from microelectronics to transportation and the
electrical grid. Even with the many exciting results obtained using newer
materials, such as graphene and nanotubes, the promising properties reported for
new electrode materials do not directly extrapolate to improved device performance.
Although thin films of nanoparticles may show a very high gravimetric power density
and discharge rate, those characteristics will not scale up linearly with the
thickness of the electrode.
C1 [Simon, P.] Univ Toulouse 3, CIRIMAT, UMR 5085, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
[Gogotsi, Y.] CNRS, FR 3459, Reseau Stockage Eletrochim Energie RS2E, F-75700
Paris, France.
[Simon, P.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 18974 USA.
[Simon, P.] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 18974 USA.
C3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of
Chemistry (INC); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Federale Toulouse
Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Institut
National Polytechnique de Toulouse; Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); Drexel
University; Drexel University
RP Simon, P (corresponding author), Univ Toulouse 3, CIRIMAT, UMR 5085, CNRS, 118
Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
EM simon@chimie.ups-tlse.fr; gogotsi@drexel.edu
RI SIMON, Patrice/N-6777-2016; Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008
OI SIMON, Patrice/0000-0002-0461-8268; Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032
FU Partner University Fund (PUF)
FX The authors thank Maria Lukatskaya for assisting with illustrations for
the article and F. Beguin, E. Raymundo-Pinero, and J. Huang for
providing data for Figure 1. We thank the Partner University Fund (PUF)
for funding our collaborative efforts.
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NR 55
TC 1129
Z9 1170
U1 54
U2 2511
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0001-4842
EI 1520-4898
J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES
JI Accounts Chem. Res.
PD MAY 21
PY 2013
VL 46
IS 5
BP 1094
EP 1103
DI 10.1021/ar200306b
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 154XA
UT WOS:000319708800006
PM 22670843
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Senanayake, SD
Rodriguez, JA
Weaver, JF
AF Senanayake, Sanjaya D.
Rodriguez, Jose A.
Weaver, Jason F.
TI Low Temperature Activation of Methane on Metal-Oxides and Complex
Interfaces: Insights from Surface Science
SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
ID H BOND ACTIVATION; IN-SITU; DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION; SUPPORT
INTERACTIONS; ADSORPTION; CATALYSTS; DECOMPOSITION; CONVERSION;
OXIDATION; WATER
AB The abundance of cheap, natural gas has transformed the energy landscape,
whereby revealing new possibilities for sustainable chemical technologies or
impacting those that have relied on traditional fossil fuels. The primary
component, methane, is underutilized and wastefully exhausted, leading to
anthropogenic global warming. Historically, the manipulation of methane remained
"davis aurea," an insurmount able yet rewarding challenge and thus the focus of
intense research. This is primarily due to an inability to dissociate C-H bonds in
methane selectively, which requires a high energy penalty and is an essential
prerequisite for the direct conversion of methane into a large set of value-added
products. The discovery of such processes would promise an energy gainful use of
natural gas benefiting several essential chemical processes associated with C1
chemistry. This first C-H bond dissociation step of the methane molecule appears in
numerous catalytic mechanisms as the rate-determining step or most essential
barrier sequence for all subsequent steps that follow in the production of C-C, C-
O, or C-x-H-y-O-z bonds found in value added products. A main goal is to
catalytically reduce the energy barrier for the first C-H bond dissociation to be
able to achieve the activation of methane at low or moderate temperatures. As such
there is great value in understanding the fundamental nature of the active sites
responsible for bond breaking or formation and thus be able to facilitate better
control of this chemistry, leading to the development of new technologies for fuel
production and chemical conversion. Surface science studies offer enhanced
perspectives for a careful manipulation of bonds over the last layer atoms of
catalyst surfaces, an essential factor for the design of atomically precise
catalysts and unravelling of the reaction mechanism. With the advent of new surface
imaging, spectroscopy, and in situ tools, it has been possible to decipher the
surface chemistry of complex materials systems and further our understanding of
atomic active sites on the surfaces of metals, oxides, and carbides or metal-oxide
and metal-carbide interfaces. The once considered near impossible step of C-H bond
activation is now observed at low temperatures with high propensity over a
collection of oxide, metal-oxide, and metal-carbide systems in a conventional or
inverse configuration (oxide or carbide on metal). The enabling of C-H activation
at low temperature has opened interesting possibilities for the specific production
of chemicals such as methanol directly from methane, a step toward facile synthesis
of liquid fuels. We highlight the most recent of these results and present the key
aspects of active site configurations engineered from surface science studies which
enable such a simple reactive event through careful manipulation of the last
surface layer of atoms found in the catalyst structure. New concepts which help in
the activation and conversion of methane are discussed.
C1 [Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Rodriguez, Jose A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Div,
Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Weaver, Jason F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
C3 United States Department of Energy (DOE); Brookhaven National
Laboratory; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
RP Rodriguez, JA (corresponding author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Div, Upton, NY
11973 USA.; Weaver, JF (corresponding author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn,
Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM rodrigez@bnl.gov; jweaver@che.ufl.edu
RI Senanayake, Sanjaya D/D-4769-2009
OI Senanayake, Sanjaya D/0000-0003-3991-4232; Rodriguez,
Jose/0000-0002-5680-4214; Weaver, Jason/0000-0002-6777-4727
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-SC0012704]; U.S. DOE
Early Career Award; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Catalysis Science Division [DE-FG02-03ER15478]; U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704]
FX The research carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported
by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Office of Basic
Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. S.D.S. is supported by
a U.S. DOE Early Career Award. J.F.W. gratefully acknowledges financial
support provided by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Catalysis Science Division through Grant DE-FG02-03ER15478.
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NR 38
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 10
U2 124
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0001-4842
EI 1520-4898
J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES
JI Accounts Chem. Res.
PD AUG 18
PY 2020
VL 53
IS 8
BP 1488
EP 1497
DI 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00194
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA NF0TX
UT WOS:000563017200008
PM 32659076
OA Green Submitted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Cho, CH
Kim, A
Rodrigue, M
Schneider, T
AF Cho, Charles H.
Kim, Anna
Rodrigue, Michelle
Schneider, Thomas
TI Towards a better understanding of sustainability accounting and
management research and teaching in North America: a look at the
community
SO SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT AND POLICY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Academic life; North America; Education; Research; Sustainability
accounting; Sustainability management
ID ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE; SOCIAL-RESPONSIBILITY; CORPORATE; REFLECTIONS;
EXPLORATION; CSR
AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is two-fold. The first is to provide insight
into the academic life, teaching and research activities of active participants in
the sustainability accounting and management academic community in North America.
The second is to provide readers with an overview of the papers in this special
issue. Design/methodology/approach To meet the first objective, we specifically
sought out those who self-identify as sustainability accounting and management
academics, based in North American universities and who actively engage in the
sustainability academic community in North America. Using an anonymous online
survey, this group was asked to respond to various questions about their academic
life, research and teaching activities. Findings Survey respondents report that
they choose to focus on sustainability accounting and management because they want
to make a difference (change the world). To that end, the respondents identify
carbon emissions and climate change, social issues such as inequalities, as well as
grand challenges and sustainable development goals, as important research topics to
pursue in the future. While passionate about their research topics, respondents
generally note that research outlets that will serve to significantly move their
careers forward are difficult to find. A relatively small number of respondents
teach sustainability accounting or management, however, most courses taught are
dedicated to the topic and teaching sustainability was identified as amongst the
most enjoyable aspects of their academic lives. Practical implications With study
respondents feeling closed out of a number of mainstream journals, career paths at
North American institutions could appear somewhat limited for those choosing
sustainability accounting and management research as a focus, interest and even
passion. This is perhaps even more profound on the teaching side where from a
practical perspective, we need to be teaching accountants and managers the
significance of sustainability in and for the profession, yes - but even more so
for society broadly. Social implications As we move into the digital age, it is
important that professionals bend their minds to sustainability as much as they do
to keep up with the "pace of change" on other fronts. A potential risk is that
"high-tech" subsumes equally important social aspects that need to be embedded in
the process of generating accounting and management professionals.
Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a survey on
the work experiences of a sample of scholars teaching and doing research in the
area of sustainability accounting and management has been presented for
publication. It is meant to provide some descriptive insights into what drives some
active participants in this group of academics and reflect on where the future
might lead as sustainability becomes an urgent necessity rather than a choice.
These descriptive insights and reflections provide a starting point for future
inquiries.
C1 [Cho, Charles H.] York Univ, Schulich Sch Business, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Kim, Anna] McGill Univ, Desautels Fac Management, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Rodrigue, Michelle] Univ Laval, Sch Accounting, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Schneider, Thomas] Ryerson Univ, Sch Accounting & Finance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
C3 York University - Canada; McGill University; Laval University; Toronto
Metropolitan University
RP Cho, CH (corresponding author), York Univ, Schulich Sch Business, Toronto, ON,
Canada.
EM ccho@schulich.yorku.ca
RI Kim, Anna/AAF-7421-2020; Rodrigue, Michelle/E-5238-2016
OI Rodrigue, Michelle/0000-0003-4083-8505
FU Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business & Sustainability at the Schulich School
of Business
FX We would like to thank Editor Carol Adams who gave us the opportunity to
put together this Special Issue. We are also grateful to all the great
reviewers who took time out of their busy schedules to provide
constructive feedback to all the papers submitted to the Special Issue.
We would also like to thank the Associate Editor and two anonymous
reviewers who provided valuable guidance for the development of this
paper through the revision process. Last but not least, we wish to thank
Oumayma Ouzane, Patrick Vipond and Emily Nield for their outstanding
research assistance. Charles Cho acknowledges the financial support
provided by the Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business & Sustainability at the
Schulich School of Business. We would also like to pay a tribute to the
memory of Professor Rob Gray who recently, and very sadly, passed away.
Rob is the pioneer of the Sustainability Accounting field, and the
founder of the Centre for Social and Environmental Accounting Research
(CSEAR). As a brilliant and groundbreaking scholar, dear friend,
colleague and mentor, Rob has always been incredibly supportive of the
development of sustainability accounting research and the CSEAR
community in North America, and was the inaugural plenary speaker of the
first-ever CSEAR North America Conference in 2008 (organized by two of
the four authors of this paper). He paved the way for so many scholars
and is part of the reasons why the four of us ended up working together
on this Special Issue that we wish to dedicate to him. Thank you Rob for
your support, inspiration and passion.
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NR 49
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 36
PI BINGLEY
SN 2040-8021
EI 2040-803X
J9 SUSTAIN ACCOUNT MANA
JI Sustain. Account. Manag. Policy J.
PD OCT 21
PY 2020
VL 11
IS 6
SI SI
BP 985
EP 1007
DI 10.1108/SAMPJ-08-2019-0311
EA JUL 2020
PG 23
WC Business, Finance; Green & Sustainable Science & Technology;
Environmental Studies; Management
WE Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
SC Business & Economics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental
Sciences & Ecology
GA PB2LN
UT WOS:000557587300001
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Akinyemiju, T
Abera, S
Ahmed, M
Alam, N
Alemayohu, MA
Allen, C
Al-Raddadi, R
Alvis-Guzman, N
Amoako, Y
Artaman, A
Ayele, TA
Barac, A
Bensenor, I
Berhane, A
Bhutta, Z
Castillo-Rivas, J
Chitheer, A
Choi, JY
Cowie, B
Dandona, L
Dandona, R
Dey, S
Dicker, D
Phuc, H
Ekwueme, DU
Zaki, ME
Fischer, F
Furst, T
Hancock, J
Hay, SI
Hotez, P
Jee, SH
Kasaeian, A
Khader, Y
Khang, YH
Kumar, GA
Kutz, M
Larson, H
Lopez, A
Lunevicius, R
Malekzadeh, R
McAlinden, C
Meier, T
Mendoza, W
Mokdad, A
Moradi-Lakeh, M
Nagel, G
Nguyen, Q
Nguyen, G
Ogbo, F
Patton, G
Pereira, DM
Pourmalek, F
Qorbani, M
Radfar, A
Roshandel, G
Salomon, JA
Sanabria, J
Sartorius, B
Satpathy, M
Sawhney, M
Sepanlou, S
Shackelford, K
Shore, H
Sun, JD
Mengistu, DT
Topor-Madry, R
Tran, B
Ukwaja, KN
Vlassov, V
Vollset, SE
Vos, T
Wakayo, T
Weiderpass, E
Werdecker, A
Yonemoto, N
Younis, M
Yu, CH
Zaidi, Z
Zhu, LG
Murray, CJL
Naghavi, M
Fitzmaurice, C
AF Akinyemiju, Tomi
Abera, Semaw
Ahmed, Muktar
Alam, Noore
Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa
Allen, Christine
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Amoako, Yaw
Artaman, Al
Ayele, Tadesse Awoke
Barac, Aleksandra
Bensenor, Isabela
Berhane, Adugnaw
Bhutta, Zulfiqar
Castillo-Rivas, Jacqueline
Chitheer, Abdulaal
Choi, Jee-Young
Cowie, Benjamin
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Dey, Subhojit
Dicker, Daniel
Phuc, Huyen
Ekwueme, Donatus U.
Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
Fischer, Florian
Furst, Thomas
Hancock, Jamie
Hay, Simon I.
Hotez, Peter
Jee, Sun Ha
Kasaeian, Amir
Khader, Yousef
Khang, Young-Ho
Kumar, G. Anil
Kutz, Michael
Larson, Heidi
Lopez, Alan
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Malekzadeh, Reza
McAlinden, Colm
Meier, Toni
Mendoza, Walter
Mokdad, Ali
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Nagel, Gabriele
Nguyen, Quyen
Nguyen, Grant
Ogbo, Felix
Patton, George
Pereira, David M.
Pourmalek, Farshad
Qorbani, Mostafa
Radfar, Amir
Roshandel, Gholamreza
Salomon, Joshua A.
Sanabria, Juan
Sartorius, Benn
Satpathy, Maheswar
Sawhney, Monika
Sepanlou, Sadaf
Shackelford, Katya
Shore, Hirbo
Sun, Jiandong
Topor-Madry, Roman
Tran, Bach
Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
Vlassov, Vasiliy
Vollset, Stein Emil
Vos, Theo
Wakayo, Tolassa
Weiderpass, Elisabete
Werdecker, Andrea
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa
Yu, Chuanhua
Zaidi, Zoubida
Zhu, Liguo
Naghavi, Mohsen
Fitzmaurice, Christina
CA Global Burden Dis Liver Canc Colla
TI The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990
to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level Results From the
Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
SO JAMA ONCOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; HEPATITIS-B; INTERNATIONAL TRENDS;
RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB IMPORTANCE Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths globally.
The most common causes for liver cancer include hepatitis B virus (HBV) and
hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol use.
OBJECTIVE To report results of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study on
primary liver cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years
(DALYs) for 195 countries or territories from 1990 to 2015, and present global,
regional, and national estimates on the burden of liver cancer attributable to HBV,
HCV, alcohol, and an " other" group that encompasses residual causes.
DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS Mortalitywas estimated using vital
registration and cancer registry data in an ensemble modeling approach. Single-
cause mortality estimates were adjusted for all-cause mortality. Incidence was
derived from mortality estimates and the mortality-to-incidence ratio. Through a
systematic literature review, data on the proportions of liver cancer due to HBV,
HCV, alcohol, and other causes were identified. Years of life lost were calculated
by multiplying each death by a standard life expectancy. Prevalence was estimated
using mortality-to-incidence ratio as surrogate for survival. Total prevalence was
divided into 4 sequelae that were multiplied by disability weights to derive years
lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were the sum of years of life lost and YLDs.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Liver cancer mortality, incidence, YLDs, years of
life lost, DALYs by etiology, age, sex, country, and year.
RESULTS There were 854 000 incident cases of liver cancer and 810 000 deaths
globally in 2015, contributing to 20 578 000 DALYs. Cases of incident liver cancer
increased by 75% between 1990 and 2015, of which 47% can be explained by changing
population age structures, 35% by population growth, and -8% to changing age-
specific incidence rates. The male-to-female ratio for age-standardized liver
cancer mortality was 2.8. Globally, HBV accounted for 265 000 liver cancer deaths
(33%), alcohol for 245 000 (30%), HCV for 167 000 (21%), and other causes for 133
000 (16%) deaths, with substantial variation between countries in the underlying
etiologies.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer
deaths in many countries. Causes of liver cancer differ widely among populations.
Our results show that most cases of liver cancer can be prevented through
vaccination, antiviral treatment, safe blood transfusion and injection practices,
as well as interventions to reduce excessive alcohol use. In line with the
Sustainable Development Goals, the identification and elimination of risk factors
for liver cancer will be required to achieve a sustained reduction in liver cancer
burden. The GBD study can be used to guide these prevention efforts.
C1 [Akinyemiju, Tomi] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294
USA.
[Abera, Semaw] Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth Sci, Mekelle, Tigray,
Ethiopia.
[Abera, Semaw] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, Stuttgart, Germany.
[Ahmed, Muktar] Jimma Univ, Inst Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Oromiya, Ethiopia.
[Alam, Noore] Queensland Govt, Dept Hlth, Herston, Qld, Australia.
[Alam, Noore] Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Herston, Qld, Australia.
[Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa] Mekelle Univ Epidemiol, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
[Allen, Christine; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dicker, Daniel; Hancock,
Jamie; Hay, Simon I.; Kutz, Michael; Lopez, Alan; Mokdad, Ali; Nagel, Gabriele;
Shackelford, Katya; Vos, Theo; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Naghavi, Mohsen;
Fitzmaurice, Christina] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA
98195 USA.
[Al-Raddadi, Rajaa] Minist Hlth, Res Dept, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
[Alvis-Guzman, Nelson] Univ Cartagena, Grp Invest Econ Salud, Cartagena,
Bolivar, Colombia.
[Amoako, Yaw] Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Med, Bantama, Ghana.
[Artaman, Al] Univ Manitoba, Community Hlth Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
[Ayele, Tadesse Awoke] Univ Gondar, Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia.
[Bensenor, Isabela] Univ Sao Paulo, Hosp Univ, Div Internal Med, Sao Paulo,
Brazil.
[Berhane, Adugnaw] Debre Berhan Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Berhan, Amhara,
Ethiopia.
[Bhutta, Zulfiqar] Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child, Karachi,
Pakistan.
[Bhutta, Zulfiqar] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON,
Canada.
[Castillo-Rivas, Jacqueline] Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, Direcc Actuarial
Econom, San Jose, Costa Rica.
[Chitheer, Abdulaal] Iraq MOH FETP, MOH, Baghdad, Iraq.
[Choi, Jee-Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med Med Lib, Seoul, South Korea.
[Cowie, Benjamin] WHO Collaborating Ctr Viral Hepatitis, Doherty Inst,
[Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi] Publ Hlth Fdn India Res, Gurgaon, India.
[Dey, Subhojit] Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Environm & Occupat Hlth, Gurgaon,
Haryana, India.
[Phuc, Huyen] Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam.
[Ekwueme, Donatus U.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control,
Atlanta, GA USA.
[Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed] Mansoura Fac Med, Clin Pathol Dept, Mansoura, Egypt.
[Fischer, Florian] Bielefeld Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Bielefeld, Germany.
[Furst, Thomas] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel,
Switzerland.
[Furst, Thomas] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
[Furst, Thomas] Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England.
[Hotez, Peter] Baylor Coll Med, Natl Sch Trop Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Hotez, Peter] Ctr Vaccine Dev, Sabin Vaccine Inst, Houston, TX USA.
[Hotez, Peter] Ctr Vaccine Dev, Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX USA.
[Jee, Sun Ha] Yonsei Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Seoul,
South Korea.
[Kasaeian, Amir] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematoloncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res
Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
[Khader, Yousef] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan.
[Khang, Young-Ho] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Inst Hlth Policy & Management,
Seoul, South Korea.
[Kumar, G. Anil] Publ Hlth Fdn India Res, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
[Larson, Heidi] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London,
England.
[Lopez, Alan] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne,
Vic, Australia.
[Lunevicius, Raimundas] Aintree Univ, Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Gen Surg Dept,
Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
[Malekzadeh, Reza] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.
[McAlinden, Colm] Univ Hosp Bristol, Dept Med, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Meier, Toni] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Nutrit Sci, Halle,
Germany.
[Mendoza, Walter] UNFPA Peru Country Off, Lima, Peru.
[Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar] Iran Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr,
Tehran, Iran.
[Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar] Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr,
Tehran, Iran.
[Nagel, Gabriele] Univ Ulm, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany.
[Nguyen, Quyen] Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam.
[Ogbo, Felix] Western Sydney Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Sch Med, Penrith, NSW,
Australia.
[Ogbo, Felix] Ingham Inst Appl Med Res, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
[Patton, George] Univ Melbourne, Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Pereira, David M.] Univ Porto, Fac Farm, Dept Quim, Lab Farmacognosia,REQUIMTE
LAQV, Oporto, Portugal.
[Pourmalek, Farshad] Univ British Columbia, Dept Urol, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Qorbani, Mostafa] Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj,
Alborz, Iran.
[Radfar, Amir] AT Still Univ, Coll Grad Hlth Studies, Mesa, AZ USA.
[Roshandel, Gholamreza] Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol &
Hepatol, Gorgan, Iran.
[Salomon, Joshua A.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat,
Boston, MA USA.
[Sanabria, Juan] Marshall Univ, Sch Med, Surg, Huntington, WV USA.
[Sanabria, Juan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland, OH
USA.
[Sartorius, Benn] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa.
[Satpathy, Maheswar] Utica Univ, Ctr Adv Study Psychol, Bhubaneswar, Orissa,
India.
[Satpathy, Maheswar] JPN Apex Trauma Ctr, AIIMS New Delhi, New Delhi, India.
[Sawhney, Monika] Marshall Univ Publ Hlth, Huntington, WV USA.
[Sepanlou, Sadaf] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.
[Shore, Hirbo] Haramaya Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harari, Ethiopia.
[Sun, Jiandong] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Work, Brisbane,
Qld, Australia.
[Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese] Mekelle Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Mekelle, Tigrai,
Ethiopia.
[Topor-Madry, Roman] Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Med Coll, Inst Publ Hlth,
Krakow, Poland.
[Topor-Madry, Roman] Wroclaw Med Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Wroclaw, Poland.
[Tran, Bach] Hanoi Med Univ, Inst Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam.
[Tran, Bach] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna] Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Med, Abakaliki, Ebonyi,
Nigeria.
[Vlassov, Vasiliy] Natl Res Univ, Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ,
Moscow, Russia.
[Vollset, Stein Emil] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Bergen, Norway.
[Vollset, Stein Emil] Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen,
Norway.
[Wakayo, Tolassa] Jimma Univ Populat & Family Hlth, Oromia, Ethiopia.
[Weiderpass, Elisabete] Canc Registry Norway, Inst Populat Based Canc Res, Oslo,
Norway.
[Weiderpass, Elisabete] Univ Tromso, Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Community Med, Fac
Hlth Sci, Tromso, Norway.
[Weiderpass, Elisabete] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat,
Stockholm, Sweden.
[Werdecker, Andrea] Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up Natl
Cohort, Wiesbaden, Germany.
[Yonemoto, Naohiro] Kyoto Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Biostat, Kyoto, Japan.
[Younis, Mustafa] Jackson State Univ, Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson, MS USA.
[Younis, Mustafa] Harvard Asia Aging Ctr, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA.
[Yu, Chuanhua] Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R
China.
[Zaidi, Zoubida] Univ Hosp Setif, Dept Epidemiol, Setif, Algeria.
[Zaidi, Zoubida] Univ Ferhat Abbas, Fac Med, Setif, Algeria.
[Zhu, Liguo] Jiangsu Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Major Project Execut Off,
Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Fitzmaurice, Christina] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Hematol, Seattle, WA
98195 USA.
C3 University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; Mekelle
University; University Hohenheim; Jimma University; Queensland Health;
University of Queensland; Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation;
University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Ministry of
Health - Saudi Arabia; Universidad de Cartagena; Kwame Nkrumah
University Science & Technology; University of Manitoba; University of
Gondar; Clinical Centre of Serbia; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Aga Khan
University; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children
(SickKids); Seoul National University (SNU); Duy Tan University; Centers
for Disease Control & Prevention - USA; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB);
Mansoura University; University of Bielefeld; University of Basel; Swiss
Tropical & Public Health Institute; University of Basel; Imperial
College London; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine;
Yonsei University; Yonsei University Health System; Tehran University of
Medical Sciences; Jordan University of Science & Technology; Seoul
National University (SNU); University of London; London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Melbourne; Tehran University
of Medical Sciences; University of Bristol; Martin Luther University
Halle Wittenberg; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Iran University
of Medical Sciences; Ulm University; Duy Tan University; Western Sydney
University; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research; University of
Melbourne; Universidade do Porto; University of British Columbia; A.T.
Still University of Health Sciences; Golestan University of Medical
Sciences; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health;
Marshall University; Case Western Reserve University; University of
Kwazulu Natal; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New
Delhi; Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center; Tehran University of
Medical Sciences; Haramaya University; Queensland University of
Technology (QUT); Mekelle University; Jagiellonian University; Collegium
Medicum Jagiellonian University; Wroclaw Medical University; Hanoi
Medical University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health; HSE University (National Research University
Higher School of Economics); Norwegian Institute of Public Health
(NIPH); University of Bergen; University of Oslo; UiT The Arctic
University of Tromso; Karolinska Institutet; Kyoto University; Jackson
State University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Wuhan
University; Universite Ferhat Abbas Setif; Jiangsu Provincial Center for
Disease Control & Prevention; University of Washington; University of
Washington Seattle
RP Fitzmaurice, C (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr &
Evaluat, Dept Med, Div Hematol, 2301 Fifth Ave,Ste 600, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.
EM cf11@uw.edu
RI Lopez, Alan/AAA-2734-2022; Topor-Madry, Roman/ABF-5449-2020; Lopez, Alan
D/F-1487-2010; Mokdad, Ali H./AAD-1232-2022; Bensenor, Isabela Judith
Martins/L-3306-2017; Salomon, Joshua/S-1929-2019; Weiderpass,
Elisabete/M-4029-2016; Nagel, Gabriele/C-3635-2012; Sepanlou, Sadaf
G/H-9343-2016; Rubino, Salvatore/AAC-5848-2022; Al-Raddadi,
Rajaa/F-8337-2010; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar/ABC-9793-2021; Naohiro,
Yonemoto/Y-3761-2019; Ahmed, Muktar/AAY-6783-2020; Meier,
Toni/AAB-1704-2021; Alam, Noore/AAU-9616-2020; Salomon, Joshua
A/D-3898-2009; Patton, George C/B-5246-2013; Ahmed, Muktar
B/G-6184-2019; Phuc, Huyen/I-5061-2019; Zaki, Maysaa El
Sayed/C-1522-2013; Pourmalek, Farshad/A-8188-2010; Qorbani,
Mostafa/M-8171-2017; Hay, Simon Iain/F-8967-2015; Roshandel,
Gholamreza/AAJ-9562-2021; Khader, Yousef Saleh/AAE-9620-2019; Zaki,
Maysaa El Sayed/H-3049-2019; Weiderpass, Elisabete/AAP-2747-2021;
Ukwaja, Kingsley N./A-7794-2013; Cowie, Benjamin/HFZ-9941-2022;
Kasaeian, Amir/C-8290-2017; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson/D-4913-2013; Pereira,
David/M-9286-2013; Satpathy, Maheswar/J-3135-2017; Radfar,
Amir/I-8057-2019; Lunevicius, Raimundas/B-2528-2018; Barac,
Aleksandra/W-9785-2019; Assefa, Mulubirhan/ABB-1567-2020; Ribeiro, Ana
Cristina/HHN-7466-2022; Vos, Theo/HLH-2955-2023; Bhutta,
Zulfiqar/L-7822-2015; Larson, Heidi J./N-1018-2017
OI Lopez, Alan D/0000-0001-5818-6512; Mokdad, Ali H./0000-0002-4994-3339;
Salomon, Joshua/0000-0003-3929-5515; Weiderpass,
Elisabete/0000-0003-2237-0128; Nagel, Gabriele/0000-0001-6185-8535;
Sepanlou, Sadaf G/0000-0002-3669-5129; Al-Raddadi,
Rajaa/0000-0002-8921-9628; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar/0000-0001-7381-5305;
Ahmed, Muktar/0000-0002-9524-7027; Meier, Toni/0000-0001-6056-0665;
Alam, Noore/0000-0002-1150-7582; Salomon, Joshua A/0000-0003-3929-5515;
Patton, George C/0000-0001-5039-8326; Ahmed, Muktar
B/0000-0002-9524-7027; Phuc, Huyen/0000-0003-0461-7529; Zaki, Maysaa El
Sayed/0000-0001-5431-0248; Pourmalek, Farshad/0000-0002-2134-0771; Hay,
Simon Iain/0000-0002-0611-7272; Roshandel,
Gholamreza/0000-0002-5494-0722; Khader, Yousef
Saleh/0000-0002-7830-6857; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed/0000-0001-5431-0248;
Weiderpass, Elisabete/0000-0003-2237-0128; Ukwaja, Kingsley
N./0000-0002-1974-8735; Cowie, Benjamin/0000-0002-7087-5895; Kasaeian,
Amir/0000-0003-2018-9368; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson/0000-0001-9458-864X;
Pereira, David/0000-0003-0384-7592; Satpathy,
Maheswar/0000-0003-3521-4781; Radfar, Amir/0000-0001-6177-3048;
Lunevicius, Raimundas/0000-0003-3295-0142; Assefa,
Mulubirhan/0000-0001-8370-019X; Ribeiro, Ana
Cristina/0000-0002-0493-8376; Dandona, Rakhi/0000-0003-0926-788X; ,
bennsartorius/0000-0001-6761-2325; Bhutta, Zulfiqar/0000-0003-0637-599X;
Barac, Aleksandra/0000-0002-0132-2277; Tran, Bach/0000-0002-2191-3947;
ZAIDI, ZOUBIDA/0000-0003-3378-4799; Larson, Heidi
J./0000-0002-8477-7583; Amoako, Yaw A/0000-0002-4642-789X; Berhane,
Adugnaw/0000-0003-2160-958X; Roba, Hirbo Shore/0000-0003-2454-5200;
Chitheer, Abdulaal/0000-0003-4899-6196
FU GlaxoSmithKline (GSK); Merck; GSK
FX Prof Larson reports that her research group has received funding from
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Merck to convene research symposia, as well as
funding from GSK for advising on vaccine hesitancy issues. Prof Larson
also reports that she has served on the Merck Vaccines Strategic
Advisory Board. Dr Mendoza reports that he is currently the Program
Analyst at the United Nations Population Fund Country Office in Peru, an
institution that does not necessarily endorse this study. No other
disclosures are reported.
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NR 45
TC 1081
Z9 1113
U1 18
U2 182
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA
SN 2374-2437
EI 2374-2445
J9 JAMA ONCOL
JI JAMA Oncol.
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 3
IS 12
BP 1683
EP 1691
DI 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.3055
PG 9
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA FQ0FI
UT WOS:000418029200017
PM 28983565
OA Green Published, Green Accepted
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Shiels, MS
Chernyavskiy, P
Anderson, WF
Best, AF
Haozous, EA
Hartge, P
Rosenberg, PS
Thomas, D
Freedman, ND
de Gonzalez, AB
AF Shiels, Meredith S.
Chernyavskiy, Pavel
Anderson, William F.
Best, Ana F.
Haozous, Emily A.
Hartge, Patricia
Rosenberg, Philip S.
Thomas, David
Freedman, Neal D.
de Gonzalez, Amy Berrington
TI Trends in premature mortality in the USA by sex, race, and ethnicity
from 1999 to 2014: an analysis of death certificate data
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN-INDIANS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ALASKA NATIVES;
RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; RATES; INDIVIDUALS; PATTERNS; SERVICES
AB Background Reduction of premature mortality is a UN Sustainable Development
Goal. Unlike other high-income countries, age-adjusted mortality in the USA
plateaued in 2010 and increased slightly in 2015, possibly because of rising
premature mortality. We aimed to analyse trends in mortality in the USA between
1999 and 2014 in people aged 25-64 years by age group, sex, and race and ethnicity,
and to identify specific causes of death underlying the temporal trends.
Methods For this analysis, we used cause-of-death and demographic data from
death certificates from the US National Center for Health Statistics, and
population estimates from the US Census Bureau. We estimated annual percentage
changes in mortality using age-period-cohort models. Age-standardised excess deaths
were estimated for 2000 to 2014 as observed deaths minus expected deaths (estimated
from 1999 mortality rates).
Findings Between 1999 and 2014, premature mortality increased in white
individuals and in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Increases were highest in
women and those aged 25-30 years. Among 30-year-olds, annual mortality increases
were 2.3% (95% CI 2.1-2.4) for white women, 0.6% (0.5-0.7) for white men, and 4.3%
(3.5-5.0) and 1.9% (1.3-2.5), respectively, for American Indian and Alaska Native
women and men. These increases were mainly attributable to accidental deaths
(primarily drug poisonings), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and suicide.
Among individuals aged 25-49 years, an estimated 111 000 excess premature deaths
occurred in white individuals and 6600 in American Indians and Alaska Natives
during 2000-14. By contrast, premature mortality decreased substantially across all
age groups in Hispanic individuals (up to 3.2% per year), black individuals (up to
3.9% per year), and Asians and Pacific Islanders (up to 2.6% per year), mainly
because of declines in HIV, cancer, and heart disease deaths, resulting in an
estimated 112 000 fewer deaths in Hispanic individuals, 311 000 fewer deaths in
black individuals, and 34 000 fewer deaths in Asians and Pacific Islanders aged 25-
64 years. During 2011-14, American Indians and Alaska Natives had the highest
premature mortality, followed by black individuals.
Interpretation Important public health successes, including HIV treatment and
smoking cessation, have contributed to declining premature mortality in Hispanic
individuals, black individuals, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. However, this
progress has largely been negated in young and middle-aged (25-49 years) white
individuals, and American Indians and Alaska Natives, primarily because of
potentially avoidable causes such as drug poisonings, suicide, and chronic liver
disease and cirrhosis. The magnitude of annual mortality increases in the USA is
extremely unusual in high-income countries, and a rapid public health response is
needed to avert further premature deaths.
C1 [Shiels, Meredith S.; Chernyavskiy, Pavel; Anderson, William F.; Best, Ana F.;
Hartge, Patricia; Rosenberg, Philip S.; Freedman, Neal D.; de Gonzalez, Amy
Berrington] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA.
[Haozous, Emily A.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Nursing, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Thomas, David] NIDA, Div Epidemiol Serv & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
C3 National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute
(NCI); University of New Mexico; National Institutes of Health (NIH) -
USA; NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
RP Shiels, MS (corresponding author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 9609 Med Ctr
Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM shielsms@mail.nih.gov
RI Freedman, Neal David/B-9741-2015; de gonzalez, amy
berrington/L-7017-2017; Haozous, Emily/AAX-1119-2021
OI Freedman, Neal David/0000-0003-0074-1098; de gonzalez, amy
berrington/0000-0002-7332-8387; Haozous, Emily/0000-0003-1363-1453;
Rosenberg, Philip/0000-0001-6349-9126; Best, Ana/0000-0002-4467-1725
FU US National Cancer Institute
FX US National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program.
CR Ahmad FB, 2014, Q PROVISIONAL ESTIMA
[Anonymous], 2015, DEATHS MORT RAT SEL
[Anonymous], 2015, ASS SECR PLANN EV IS
[Anonymous], 2014, OP PAINK PRESCR
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Urban Indian Health Institute, 2012, ADDR DEPR AM IND AL
NR 46
TC 156
Z9 160
U1 0
U2 72
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAR 11
PY 2017
VL 389
IS 10073
BP 1043
EP 1054
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30187-3
PG 12
(SSCI)
GA EN9UN
UT WOS:000396345200026
PM 28131493
OA Green Accepted
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Gravely, S
Giovino, GA
Craig, L
Commar, A
D'Espaignet, ET
Schotte, K
Fong, GT
AF Gravely, Shannon
Giovino, Gary A.
Craig, Lorraine
Commar, Alison
D'Espaignet, Edouard Tursan
Schotte, Kerstin
Fong, Geoffrey T.
TI Implementation of key demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control and change in smoking prevalence in 126
countries: an association study
LA English
DT Article
ID INCOME
AB Background The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) has
mobilised efforts among 180 parties to combat the global tobacco epidemic. This
study examined the association between highest-level implementation of key tobacco
control demand-reduction measures of the WHO FCTC and smoking prevalence over the
treaty's first decade.
Methods We used WHO data from 126 countries to examine the association between
the number of highest-level implementations of key demand-reduction measures (WHO
FCTC articles 6,8,11,13, and 14) between 2007 and 2014 and smoking prevalence
estimates between 2005 and 2015. McNemar tests were done to test differences in the
proportion of countries that had implemented each of the measures at the highest
level between 2007 and 2014. Four linear regression models were computed to examine
the association between the predictor variable (the change between 2007 and 2014 in
the number of key measures implemented at the highest level), and the outcome
variable (the percentage point change in tobacco smoking prevalence between 2005
and 2015).
Findings Between 2007 and 2014, there was a significant global increase in
highest-level implementation of all key demand-reduction measures. The mean smoking
prevalence for all 126 countries was 24.73% (SD 10.32) in 2005 and 22.18% (SD 8.87)
in 2015, an average decrease in prevalence of 2.55 percentage points (SD 5.08;
relative reduction 10.31%). Unadjusted linear regression showed that increases in
highest-level implementations of key measures between 2007 and 2014 were
significantly associated with a decrease in smoking prevalence between 2005 and
2015). Each additional measure implemented at the highest level was associated with
an average decrease in smoking prevalence of 1.57 percentage points (95% CI 2.51 to
0.63, p=0.001) and an average relative decrease of 7.09% (-12.55 to 1.63, p=0.011).
Controlling for geographical subregion, income level, and WHO FCTC party status,
the per-measure decrease in prevalence was 0.94 percentage points (-1.76 to 0.13,
p=0.023) and an average relative decrease of 3.18% (-6.75 to 0.38, p=0.079). This
association was consistent across all three control variables.
Interpretation Implementation of key WHO FCTC demand-reduction measures is
significantly associated with lower smoking prevalence, with anticipated future
reductions in tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. These findings validate the
call for strong implementation of the WHO FCTC in the WHO's Global Action Plan for
the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases 2013-2020, and in advancing
the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 3, setting a global target of reducing
tobacco use and premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by a third by
2030.
C1 [Gravely, Shannon; Craig, Lorraine; Fong, Geoffrey T.] Univ Waterloo, Dept
Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Fong, Geoffrey T.] Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Syst, Waterloo, ON,
Canada.
[Giovino, Gary A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Community Hlth & Hlth Behav, Buffalo, NY
USA.
[Commar, Alison; D'Espaignet, Edouard Tursan; Schotte, Kerstin] WHO, Geneva,
Switzerland.
[Fong, Geoffrey T.] Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON, Canada.
C3 University of Waterloo; University of Waterloo; State University of New
York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo; World
Health Organization; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; University
of Toronto
RP Fong, GT (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L
3G1, Canada.
EM gfong@uwaterloo.ca
RI d'Espaignet, Edouard Tursan/V-3857-2019; Gravely, Shannon/AAX-3499-2020;
Fong, Geoffrey T/H-2810-2014
OI Fong, Geoffrey T/0000-0001-9098-6472
FU Health Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Ontario Institute
for Cancer Research; Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute
FX Health Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ontario Institute
for Cancer Research and Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HLTH CONSMOK 50 YE
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World Health Organization, GUID IMPL ART 8 WHO
NR 32
TC 133
Z9 136
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2468-2667
PD APR
PY 2017
VL 2
IS 4
BP E166
EP E174
DI 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30045-2
PG 9
(SSCI)
GA FW8LS
UT WOS:000425585800008
PM 29253448
OA gold
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Manyeh, AK
Ibisomi, L
Ramaswamy, R
Baiden, F
Chirwa, T
AF Manyeh, Alfred Kwesi
Ibisomi, Latifat
Ramaswamy, Rohit
Baiden, Frank
Chirwa, Tobias
TI Exploring factors affecting quality implementation of lymphatic
filariasis mass drug administration in Bole and Central Gonja Districts
in Northern Ghana
LA English
DT Article
ID PROGRAM; ELIMINATION; INDIA; COVERAGE; ORISSA; ONCHOCERCIASIS;
PREDICTORS; KNOWLEDGE; AWARENESS; KARNATAKA
AB Ghana has been implementing Mass Drug Administration (MDA) since the year 2001,
and Lymphatic Filariasis transmission has been interrupted in 76 out of the 98
targeted districts. The remaining districts have a microfilaria prevalence above
the 1% threshold needed for the interruption of transmission. This study assesses
the level of lymphatic filariasis MDA coverage and explored factors affecting the
quality of implementation of the MDA in the Bole and Central Gonja Districts of
Northern Ghana. A concurrent mixed methods study design approach was used to
provide both a quantitative and qualitative insight. A descriptive analysis was
carried out, and the results are presented in tables and charts. The transcripts of
the qualitative interviews were imported into Nvivo and framework methods of
analysis were used. The results were summarized based on the themes and buttressed
with narratives with key quotes presented within the texts. The overall MDA
coverage in Central Gonja is 89.3% while that of Bole district is 82.9%. Refusal to
ingest the drug and adverse drug reactions were higher in Bole district than the
Central Gonja District. The persistent transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Bole
District was characterized by poor community mobilization and sensitization,
nonadherence to the directly observed treatment strategy, refusal to ingest the
drug due to the fear of adverse drug reactions, inadequate knowledge and
misconceptions about the disease. Reported mass drug administration coverage will
not necessarily result into interruption of transmission of the disease without
strict compliance to the directly observed treatment strategy, strong stakeholder
engagement coupled with evidence-based context-specific multi-channel community
education strategies with key educational messages on the cause of the disease and
adverse drug reactions. While the clock for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis
by the year 2020 and meeting of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 target 3.3 by
2030 is ticking, there is an urgent need for a concerted effort to improve the
fidelity of the ongoing lymphatic filariasis MDA campaigns in the Bole District of
Northern Ghana.
Author summary After 18 years of implementing the global strategy to eliminate
lymphatic filariasis in Ghana, the prevalence of the transmission of the disease is
still above the threshold needed to interrupt transmission of the disease as a
public health problem in some districts. This study showed that, the persistent
transmission of the lymphatic filariasis in the Bole District is characterized with
a refusal to ingest the drug; reported adverse drug reactions; poor knowledge and
misconceptions of the disease, and poor adherence to the mass drug administration
protocol. High reported mass drug administration coverage will not lead to
interruption of transmission of lymphatic filariasis without strict adherence to
the direct observe treatment strategy, strong stakeholder engagement coupled with
evidence-based context-specific multi-channel community education strategies with
key educational messages on adverse drug reactions and the cause of the disease.
C1 [Manyeh, Alfred Kwesi; Ibisomi, Latifat; Chirwa, Tobias] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch
Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Manyeh, Alfred Kwesi] Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Volta Region,
Ghana.
[Ibisomi, Latifat] Nigerian Inst Med Res, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
[Ramaswamy, Rohit] Univ N Carolina, Publ Hlth Leadership Program, Gillings Sch
Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
[Baiden, Frank] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London,
England.
C3 University of Witwatersrand; University of North Carolina; University of
North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of London; London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
RP Manyeh, AK (corresponding author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Div
Epidemiol & Biostat, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Manyeh, AK (corresponding
author), Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
EM alfredmanyeh4u@gmail.com
RI Ibisomi, Latifat/HPG-8847-2023; Chirwa, Tobias/AAI-9087-2021; Manyeh,
Alfred Kwesi/GRX-9185-2022; Manyeh, Alfred Kwesi/AAW-6001-2020
OI Manyeh, Alfred Kwesi/0000-0002-7005-5707; Ibisomi,
Latifat/0000-0002-1607-1685; Chirwa, Tobias/0000-0003-4344-0842
FU TDR, the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases;
UNICEF; UNDP; WHO; World Bank; TDR [B40299]
FX This work has been funded by TDR, the Special Program for Research and
Training in Tropical Diseases, which is hosted at the World Health
Organization and co-sponsored by UNICEF, UNDP, the World Bank and WHO.
TDR grant number: B40299. First author ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7005-5707.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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[No title captured]
[No title captured]
NR 63
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1935-2735
PD AUG
PY 2020
VL 14
IS 8
AR e0007009
PG 23
GA NF8BE
UT WOS:000563517300006
PM 32804967
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Hanigan, MD
White, RR
Apelo, SIA
Aguilar, M
Estes, KA
Myers, A
AF Hanigan, Mark D.
White, Robin R.
Apelo, Sebastian I. Arriola
Aguilar, Michelle
Estes, Kari A.
Myers, Adelyn
TI Predicting post-absorptive protein and amino acid metabolism
SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE amino acids; lactation; metabolizable protein; milk urea nitrogen;
nutrient requirements
ID MODELING MAMMARY METABOLISM; RUMEN-UNDEGRADABLE PROTEIN; MICROBIAL
NITROGEN FLOWS; MILK CONSTITUENT YIELD; 2001 DAIRY MODEL; MAC-T CELLS;
DUODENAL NITROGEN; LACTATING COWS; METAANALYSIS; ENERGY
AB Sustainable production of adequate quantities of food to support a growing human
population is a worldwide goal. Under current feeding conditions in the United
States, dairy cattle convert dietary nitrogen to milk nitrogen with 25% efficiency.
The remaining 75% is excreted, which contributes to air and water quality problems
and reduces economic performance of the industry. Efficiency could be improved to
29% if protein was given to just meet current NRC requirements. Additional
improvements may be achievable, but only with improved knowledge of amino acid (AA)
requirements. The current metabolizable protein requirement model overestimates
true requirements due to lack of knowledge of AA supply and requirements and to
intrinsic limitations in system data and assumptions. Existing protein supply
models based on passage and degradation rates are biased, which undermines
predictions of AA supply. The use of an equation driven solely by protein
solubility of each ingredient in the diet with no consideration of the effects of
passage rate yielded unbiased predictions with significant improvements in
precision. However, this still leaves a problem in predicting the AA composition of
the ruminally undegraded protein (RUP). Current models generally assume that RUP AA
composition equals the parent ingredient composition, but assessments of RUP AA
composition indicate that this is false. Thus, bias is being introduced into
predictions of the absorbed AA supply, which hampers derivation of estimates of AA
digestion and absorption from the small intestine. Emerging isotope-based methods
hold promise in allowing assessment of AA availability from individual ingredients
in vivo, which will allow construction of a database of true ingredient AA
bioavailabilities. These efforts will eventually allow development of more robust
predictions of AA supply. On the AA requirement side, numerous data indicate that
the efficiency of metabolizable protein use for lactation is variable and maximally
45%, whereas most models assume an efficiency of 65% or greater. The efficiencies
of individual AA are centered on the protein efficiency value with those lower in
efficiency, likely being provided in large excess. A better representation of the
use efficiency of individual AA would allow improvements in overall animal N
efficiency. Variable efficiency is driven by regulatory mechanisms that control
protein synthesis in response to the supply of energy and individual AA and
circulating concentrations of hormones and these drivers act independently and
additively. Under this theory, protein synthesis can respond to nutrients other
than the one identified as most limiting. Reflecting this regulation in our
requirement models will allow better prediction of AA efficiency and enable
construction of diets that minimize excess of individual AA by optimizing the
energy and hormonal signals to improve N efficiency. Models of such an interacting
system have been developed and shown to be superior in performance to models based
on current paradigms.
C1 [Hanigan, Mark D.; White, Robin R.; Apelo, Sebastian I. Arriola; Aguilar,
Michelle; Estes, Kari A.; Myers, Adelyn] Virginia Tech, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg,
VA 24061 USA.
C3 Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
RP Hanigan, MD (corresponding author), Virginia Tech, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg,
VA 24061 USA.
EM mhanigan@vt.edu
RI Hanigan, Mark/M-4315-2014
OI Hanigan, Mark/0000-0002-5639-9677; White, Robin/0000-0001-5713-012X
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NR 57
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU REVISTA BRASILEIRA ZOOTECNIA BRAZILIAN JOURNAL ANIMAL SCI
PI VICOSA-MG
PA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL VICOSA,, 36571-000 VICOSA-MG, BRAZIL
SN 1806-9290
J9 REV BRAS ZOOTECN
JI Rev. Bras. Zootecn.
PY 2018
VL 47
AR e20160417
DI 10.1590/rbz4720160417
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences
SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences
GA HD0NW
UT WOS:000452205400001
OA Green Published, Green Submitted, gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Meier, MS
Stoessel, F
Jungbluth, N
Juraske, R
Schader, C
Stolze, M
AF Meier, Matthias S.
Stoessel, Franziska
Jungbluth, Niels
Juraske, Ronnie
Schader, Christian
Stolze, Matthias
TI Environmental impacts of organic and conventional agricultural products
- Are the differences captured by life cycle assessment?
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Review
DE Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA); Organic; Conventional;
Agriculture; Attributional; Consequential; N-surplus
ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; FARMING SYSTEMS; MILK-PRODUCTION; ENERGY USE;
CHICKEN SYSTEMS; UNITED-KINGDOM; ASSESSMENT LCA; LAND-USE; NITROGEN;
PESTICIDES
AB Comprehensive assessment tools are needed that reliably describe environmental
impacts of different agricultural systems in order to develop sustainable high
yielding agricultural production systems with minimal impacts on the environment.
Today, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is increasingly used to assess and compare the
environmental sustainability of agricultural products from conventional and organic
agriculture. However, LCA studies comparing agricultural products from conventional
and organic farming systems report a wide variation in the resource efficiency of
products from these systems. The studies show that impacts per area farmed land are
usually less in organic systems, but related to the quantity produced impacts are
often higher. We reviewed 34 comparative LCA studies of organic and conventional
agricultural products to analyze whether this result is solely due to the usually
lower yields in organic systems or also due to inaccurate modeling within LCA.
Comparative LCAs on agricultural products from organic and conventional farming
systems often do not adequately differentiate the specific characteristics of the
respective farming system in the goal and scope definition and in the inventory
analysis. Further, often only a limited number of impact categories are assessed
within the impact assessment not allowing for a comprehensive environmental
assessment. The most critical points we identified relate to the nitrogen (N)
fluxes influencing acidification, eutrophication, and global warming potential, and
biodiversity. Usually, N-emissions in LCA inventories of agricultural products are
based on model calculations. Modeled N-emissions often do not correspond with the
actual amount of N left in the system that may result in potential emissions.
Reasons for this may be that N-models are not well adapted to the mode of action of
organic fertilizers and that N-emission models often are built on assumptions from
conventional agriculture leading to even greater deviances for organic systems
between the amount of N calculated by emission models and the actual amount of N
available for emissions. Improvements are needed regarding a more precise
differentiation between farming systems and regarding the development of N emission
models that better represent actual N-fluxes within different systems. We recommend
adjusting N- and C-emissions during farmyard manure management and farmyard manure
fertilization in plant production to the feed ration provided in the animal
production of the respective farming system leading to different N- and C-
compositions within the excrement. In the future, more representative background
data on organic farming systems (e.g. N content of farmyard manure) should be
generated and compiled so as to be available for use within LCA inventories.
Finally, we recommend conducting consequential LCA if possible when using LCA for
policy-making or strategic environmental planning to account for different
functions of the analyzed farming systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.
C1 [Meier, Matthias S.; Schader, Christian; Stolze, Matthias] FiBL Res Inst Organ
Agr, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland.
[Stoessel, Franziska; Juraske, Ronnie] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich,
Switzerland.
[Jungbluth, Niels] ESU Serv Ltd, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
C3 Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
RP Meier, MS (corresponding author), FiBL Res Inst Organ Agr, Ackerstr 113,POB 219,
CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland.
EM matthias.meier@fibl.org; franziska.stoessel@ifu.baug.ethz.ch;
jungbluth@esu-services.ch; juraske@ifu.baug.ethz.ch;
christian.schader@fibl.org; matthias.stolze@fibl.org
RI Schader, Christian/F-3501-2015; Jungbluth, Niels/X-4740-2019; Jungbluth,
Niels/U-7162-2019
OI Schader, Christian/0000-0002-4910-4375; Jungbluth,
Niels/0000-0003-1798-9479; Jungbluth, Niels/0000-0003-1798-9479; Stolze,
Matthias/0000-0001-8367-098X
FU Coop Sustainability Fund, Basel, Switzerland
FX We thank the Coop Sustainability Fund, Basel, Switzerland for funding
this study. Further, we are indebted to Florian Leiber (Research
Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland) for his assistance
on animal nutrition, to Frank Hayer (Federal Office for the Environment,
Bern, Switzerland), and Vanessa Geier (Research Institute of Organic
Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland) for their critical comments on the
manuscript and to Thomas Nemecek and Martina Alig (Agroscope, Zurich,
Switzerland) for critically commenting those parts of the manuscript
referring to their work. Finally, we would also like to thank two
independent reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions on
the manuscript.
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NR 88
TC 225
Z9 232
U1 16
U2 457
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD FEB 1
PY 2015
VL 149
BP 193
EP 208
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.006
PG 16
GA AZ2TA
UT WOS:000348084000019
PM 25463583
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Cha, S
Elhag, MS
Lee, YH
Cho, DS
Ismail, HAHA
Hong, ST
AF Cha, Seungman
Elhag, Mousab Siddig
Lee, Young-Ha
Cho, Dae-Seong
Ismail, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed
Hong, Sung-Tae
TI Epidemiological findings and policy implications from the nationwide
schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthiasis survey in Sudan
SO PARASITES & VECTORS
LA English
DT Article
DE Schistosomiasis; Helminthiasis; Mass drug administration; Ecological
zone; Sudan; WASH; Cost-effectiveness
ID NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES; SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS; COST;
PROGRESS
AB Background The World Health Assembly endorsed the WHO Neglected Tropical Disease
(NTD) Roadmap in 2013, in which NTDs were suggested as tracers of equity in the
assessment of progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Nationwide
surveys were undertaken in all 18 states of Sudan to identify the geographical
distribution and to estimate the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis and
other intestinal helminthiases from December 2016 to March 2017. Methods We used
two-stage random sampling. Each district was subdivided into one to three different
ecological zones (EZs) based on proximity to water bodies. Probability-
proportional-to-size sampling was used to select schools from each EZ. We estimated
schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthiasis prevalence by the centrifugation
method and Kato-Katz smears. Multi-level mixed-effect models were used to
investigate the relationship between the prevalence of infections and risk factors,
including improved water or latrine status at the household or school level. We
estimated the cost-effectiveness of a one-time mass drug administration (MDA)
intervention with 75% coverage at the district and EZ levels. Results A total of
105,167 students from 1772 schools were surveyed. The overall egg-positive rates
were: Schistosoma haematobium, 5.2%; S. mansoni, 0.06%; and intestinal helminths,
5.47%. Severe endemic areas were concentrated in East and South Darfur States.
Children living in a house or attending schools with an improved latrine were less
likely to be infected with schistosomiasis than those without a latrine (adjusted
odds ratio, aOR: 0.45, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.41-0.51 and aOR: 0.75, 95%
CI: 0.70-0.81 at the household or the school levels, respectively). Open defecation
was strongly associated with schistosomiasis (aOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35-1.66). In
community-wide mass treatment at the district level with an 8% threshold for
schistosomiasis, 2.2 million people would not benefit from MDA interventions with
75% coverage despite high endemicity, whilst 1.7 million people would receive the
MDA intervention unnecessarily. EZ-level MDA was estimated to be more cost-
effective than district-level administration under all circumstances. Conclusions
Our findings provide updated prevalence figures to guide preventive chemotherapy
programmes for schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthiasis in Sudan.
Schistosomiasis was found to be common among the inhabitants of fragile and
conflict-affected areas. In addition, we found that MDA interventions would be more
cost-effective at the sub-district level than at the district level, and there was
a strong association between schistosomiasis prevalence and latrine status, at both
the household and school levels. This study will help the Sudanese government and
its neighbouring countries develop adequate control and elimination strategies.
C1 [Cha, Seungman] Handong Global Univ, Grad Sch Global Dev & Entrepreneurship,
Dept Global Dev & Entrepreneurship, Pohang 37554, South Korea.
[Cha, Seungman; Cho, Dae-Seong] Korea Assoc Hlth Promot, Seoul 07653, South
Korea.
[Cha, Seungman] London Sch Hyg Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, Keppel St, London
WC1E 7HT, England.
[Elhag, Mousab Siddig; Ismail, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed] Fed Minist Hlth,
Communicable & Noncommunicable Dis Control Direct, Khartoum, Sudan.
[Lee, Young-Ha] Chungnam Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Biol, Daejeon 35015,
South Korea.
[Lee, Young-Ha] Chungnam Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Sci, Daejeon 35015, South
Korea.
[Hong, Sung-Tae] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Trop Med & Parasitol, Coll Med, Seoul
03080, South Korea.
C3 Handong Global University; University of London; London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; Chungnam National University; Chungnam
National University; Seoul National University (SNU)
RP Hong, ST (corresponding author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Trop Med & Parasitol,
Coll Med, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
EM hst@snu.ac.kr
OI Ismail, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed/0000-0001-6554-9596
FU Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)
FX This study was funded by the Korea International Cooperation Agency
(KOICA). The views, opinions, assumptions, or any other information set
out in this article should not be attributed to KOICA or any person
connected with them.
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NR 32
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 12
PU BMC
PI LONDON
SN 1756-3305
J9 PARASITE VECTOR
JI Parasites Vectors
PD SEP 5
PY 2019
VL 12
IS 1
AR 429
DI 10.1186/s13071-019-3689-z
PG 14
WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
GA IW5YQ
UT WOS:000485054400002
PM 31488219
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Ansu-Mensah, M
Danquah, FI
Bawontuo, V
Ansu-Mensah, P
Kuupiel, D
AF Ansu-Mensah, Monica
Danquah, Frederick I.
Bawontuo, Vitalis
Ansu-Mensah, Peter
Kuupiel, Desmond
TI Maternal perceptions of the quality of Care in the Free Maternal Care
Policy in sub-Sahara Africa: a systematic scoping review
SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE Free maternal healthcare; Maternal health; Pregnant women; Post-natal
mother; Healthcare financing; Free healthcare policy; Perceptions;
Quality of care; Sub-Sahara Africa
ID HEALTH-CARE; USER FEES; FREE DELIVERY; COUNTRIES; SERVICES; REMOVAL;
GHANA
AB Background The world aims to achieve universal health coverage by removing all
forms of financial barriers to improve access to healthcare as well as reduce
maternal and child deaths by 2030. Although free maternal healthcare has been
embraced as a major intervention towards this course in some countries in sub-
Saharan Africa (SSA), the perception of the quality of healthcare may influence
utilization and maternal health outcomes. We systematically mapped literature and
described the evidence on maternal perceptions of the quality of care under the
free care financing policies in SSA. Methods We employed the Arskey and O'Malley's
framework to guide this scoping review. We searched without date limitations to
19th May 2019 for relevant published articles in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of
Science, Science Direct, and CINAHL using a combination of keywords, Boolean terms,
and medical subject headings. We included primary studies that involved
pregnant/post-natal mothers, free maternal care policy, quality of care, and was
conduct in an SSA country. Two reviewers independently screened the articles at the
abstract and full-text screening guided by inclusion and exclusion criteria. All
relevant data were extracted and organized into themes and a summary of the results
reported narratively. The recent version of the mixed methods appraisal tool was
used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results Out of
390 studies, 13 were identified to have evidence of free maternal healthcare and
client perceived quality of care. All the 13 studies were conducted in 7 different
countries. We found three studies each from Ghana and Kenya, two each in Burkina
Faso and Nigeria, and a study each from Niger, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania. Of the
13 included studies, eight reported that pregnant women perceived the quality of
care under the free maternal healthcare policy to be poor. The following reasons
accounted for the poor perception of service quality: long waiting time, ill-
attitudes of providers, inadequate supply of essential drugs and lack of potable
water, unequal distribution of skilled birth attendants, out-of-pocket payment and
weak patient complaint system. Conclusion This study suggests few papers exist that
looked at maternal perceptions of the quality of care in the free care policy in
SSA. Considering the influence mothers perceptions of the quality of care can have
on future health service utilisation, further studies at the household, community,
and health facility levels are needed to help unearth and address all hidden
quality of care challenges and improve maternal health services towards attaining
the sustainable development goals on maternal and child health.
C1 [Ansu-Mensah, Monica; Danquah, Frederick I.; Bawontuo, Vitalis] Catholic Univ
Coll Ghana, Fac Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Fiapre, Sunyani, Ghana.
[Ansu-Mensah, Monica] Sunyani Tech Univ, Univ Clin, Sunyani, Ghana.
[Danquah, Frederick I.] St John God Coll Hlth, Duayaw Nkwanta, Ghana.
[Bawontuo, Vitalis; Kuupiel, Desmond] Res Sustainable Dev Consult, Sunyani,
Ghana.
[Ansu-Mensah, Peter] Sunyani Tech Univ, Fac Business & Management Studies, Dept
Secretaryship & Management Studies, Sunyani, Ghana.
[Kuupiel, Desmond] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth
Med, 2nd Floor George Campbell Bldg, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa.
C3 University of Kwazulu Natal
RP Kuupiel, D (corresponding author), Res Sustainable Dev Consult, Sunyani, Ghana.;
Kuupiel, D (corresponding author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth,
Dept Publ Hlth Med, 2nd Floor George Campbell Bldg, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa.
EM desmondkuupiel98@hotmail.com
RI DANQUAH, FREDERICK INKUM/ACR-0355-2022
OI ANSU-MENSAH, Monica/0000-0003-4665-095X; DANQUAH, Frederick
Inkum/0000-0001-6278-7679; Kuupiel, Desmond/0000-0001-7780-1955;
Bawontuo, Vitalis/0000-0001-8440-0172
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NR 65
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 10
PU BMC
PI LONDON
EI 1472-6963
J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES
JI BMC Health Serv. Res.
PD OCT 1
PY 2020
VL 20
IS 1
AR 911
DI 10.1186/s12913-020-05755-9
PG 11
WC Health Care Sciences & Services
(SSCI)
GA NZ2FZ
UT WOS:000576912400001
PM 33004029
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Bellemo, V
Lim, ZW
Lim, G
Nguyen, QD
Xie, YC
Yip, MYT
Hamzah, H
Ho, JY
Lee, XQ
Hsu, WN
Lee, ML
Musonda, L
Chandran, M
Chipalo-Mutati, G
Muma, M
Tan, GSW
Sivaprasad, S
Menon, G
Wong, TY
Ting, DSW
AF Bellemo, Valentina
Lim, Zhan W.
Lim, Gilbert
Nguyen, Quang D.
Xie, Yuchen
Yip, Michelle Y. T.
Hamzah, Haslina
Ho, Jinyi
Lee, Xin Q.
Hsu, Wynne
Lee, Mong L.
Musonda, Lillian
Chandran, Manju
Chipalo-Mutati, Grace
Muma, Mulenga
Tan, Gavin S. W.
Sivaprasad, Sobha
Menon, Geeta
Wong, Tien Y.
Ting, Daniel S. W.
TI Artificial intelligence using deep learning to screen for referable and
vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in Africa: a clinical validation
study
SO LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID MAJOR RISK-FACTORS; GLOBAL PREVALENCE; WORLDWIDE; MELLITUS; PEOPLE;
IMAGES; COHORT; SYSTEM; NAKURU
AB Background Radical measures are required to identify and reduce blindness due to
diabetes to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Therefore, we
evaluated the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) model using deep learning
in a population-based diabetic retinopathy screening programme in Zambia, a lower-
middle-income country.
Methods We adopted an ensemble AI model consisting of a combination of two
convolutional neural networks (an adapted VGGNet architecture and a residual neural
network architecture) for classifying retinal colour fundus images. We trained our
model on 76 370 retinal fundus images from 13 099 patients with diabetes who had
participated in the Singapore Integrated Diabetic Retinopathy Program, between 2010
and 2013, which has been published previously. In this clinical validation study,
we included all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes that attended a mobile
screening unit in five urban centres in the Copperbelt province of Zambia from Feb
1 to June 31, 2012. In our model, referable diabetic retinopathy was defined as
moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse, diabetic macular oedema,
and ungradable images. Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy comprised severe
non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We calculated the area
under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for referable diabetic
retinopathy, and sensitivities of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy and
diabetic macular oedema compared with the grading by retinal specialists. We did a
multivariate analysis for systemic risk factors and referable diabetic retinopathy
between AI and human graders.
Findings A total of 4504 retinal fundus images from 3093 eyes of 1574 Zambians
with diabetes were prospectively recruited. Referable diabetic retinopathy was
found in 697 (22.5%) eyes, vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in 171 (5.5%)
eyes, and diabetic macular oedema in 249 (8.1%) eyes. The AUC of the AI system for
referable diabetic retinopathy was 0.973 (95% CI 0.969-0.978), with corresponding
sensitivity of 92.25% (90.10-94.12) and specificity of 89.04% (87.85-90.28).
Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy sensitivity was 99.42% (99.15-99.68) and
diabetic macular oedema sensitivity was 97.19% (96.61-97.77). The AI model and
human graders showed similar outcomes in referable diabetic retinopathy prevalence
detection and systemic risk factors associations. Both the AI model and human
graders identified longer duration of diabetes, higher level of glycated
haemoglobin, and increased systolic blood pressure as risk factors associated with
referable diabetic retinopathy.
Interpretation An AI system shows clinically acceptable performance in detecting
referable diabetic retinopathy, vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, and
diabetic macular oedema in population-based diabetic retinopathy screening. This
shows the potential application and adoption of such AI technology in an under-
resourced African population to reduce the incidence of preventable blindness, even
when the model is trained in a different population. Copyright (C) 2019 The
Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Bellemo, Valentina; Nguyen, Quang D.; Xie, Yuchen; Hamzah, Haslina; Ho, Jinyi;
Lee, Xin Q.; Tan, Gavin S. W.; Wong, Tien Y.; Ting, Daniel S. W.] Singapore Natl
Eye Ctr, Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore 168751, Singapore.
[Lim, Zhan W.; Lim, Gilbert; Hsu, Wynne; Lee, Mong L.] Natl Univ Singapore, Sch
Comp, Singapore, Singapore.
[Yip, Michelle Y. T.; Tan, Gavin S. W.; Wong, Tien Y.; Ting, Daniel S. W.] Duke
NUS Med Sch, Ophthalmol & Visual Sci Acad Clin Program, Singapore, Singapore.
[Musonda, Lillian] Kitwe Cent Eye Hosp, Eye Dept, Kitwe, Zambia.
[Chandran, Manju; Menon, Geeta] Frimley Pk Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Ophthalmol,
Camberley, England.
[Chipalo-Mutati, Grace] Lusaka Univ Teaching Hosp, Ophthalmol Dept, Lusaka,
Zambia.
[Muma, Mulenga] Minist Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia.
[Sivaprasad, Sobha] NIHR Moorfields Biomed Res Ctr, London, England.
C3 National University of Singapore; Singapore National Eye Center;
National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore
RP Ting, DSW (corresponding author), Singapore Natl Eye Ctr, Singapore Eye Res
Inst, Singapore 168751, Singapore.
EM daniel.ting.s.w@singhealth.com.sg
RI Nguyen, Duc Quang/AHC-6430-2022; Sivaprasad, S./D-6876-2015; Wong, Tien
Yin/AAC-9724-2020; Tan, Gavin/HNS-5461-2023
OI Nguyen, Duc Quang/0000-0001-6919-5211; Sivaprasad,
S./0000-0001-8952-0659; Wong, Tien Yin/0000-0002-8448-1264; Bidwai,
Pooja Vishal/0000-0002-3077-4395
FU National Medical Research Council Health Service Research Grant, Large
Collaborative Grant, Ministry of Health, Singapore; SingHealth
Foundation; Tanoto Foundation
FX National Medical Research Council Health Service Research Grant, Large
Collaborative Grant, Ministry of Health, Singapore; the SingHealth
Foundation; and the Tanoto Foundation.
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NR 32
TC 105
Z9 108
U1 0
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
EI 2589-7500
J9 LANCET DIGIT HEALTH
JI Lancet Digit. Health
PD MAY
PY 2019
VL 1
IS 1
BP E35
EP E44
DI 10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30004-4
PG 10
WC Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal
SC Medical Informatics; General & Internal Medicine
GA LD2MN
UT WOS:000525867400011
PM 33323239
OA gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Seidu, AA
Amu, H
Dadzie, LK
Amoah, A
Ahinkorah, BO
Ameyaw, EK
Acheampong, HY
Kissah-Korsah, K
AF Seidu, Abdul-Aziz
Amu, Hubert
Dadzie, Louis Kobina
Amoah, Abigail
Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Acheampong, Henry Yaw
Kissah-Korsah, Kwaku
TI Suicidal behaviours among in-school adolescents in Mozambique:
Cross-sectional evidence of the prevalence and predictors using the
Global School-Based Health Survey data
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; PEER VICTIMIZATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT;
MENTAL-HEALTH; CHILDREN; FRIENDS; INCOME; ASSOCIATION; IDEATION; POVERTY
AB Introduction
Despite interventions by low and middle-income countries toward the achievement
of the global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on promoting mental health and
well-being of their populace by the year 2030, suicidal behaviours continue to be
major causes of premature mortality, especially among young people. This study
examined the prevalence and predictors of suicidal behaviours among in-school
adolescents in Mozambique.
Materials and methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 1918 in-school adolescents using data from
the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) of Mozambique. The outcome
variables (suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt) were measured
with single items in the survey. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were
performed using chi-square test of independence and binary logistic regression
respectively. Results are presented as Adjusted Odds Ratios for the binary logistic
regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results
The prevalence of suicidal behaviours 12 months prior to the survey were 17.7%,
19.6% and 18.5% for suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt
respectively. Adolescents who experienced anxiety had higher odds of suicidal
ideation [AOR = 1.616, 95%CI = 1.148-2.275], suicidal plan [AOR = 1.507, 95%CI =
1.077-2.108], and suicidal attempt [AOR = 1.740, 95%CI = 1.228-2.467]. Adolescents
who were physically attacked in school were also more likely to ideate [AOR =
1.463, 95%CI = 1.115-1.921], plan [AOR = 1.328, 95%CI = 1.020-1.728], and attempt
[AOR = 1.701, 95%CI = 1.306-2.215] suicide. Having close friends was, however, an
important protective factor against suicidal ideation [AOR = 0.694, 95%CI = 0.496-
0.971], plan [AOR = 0.625, 95%CI = 0.455-0.860], and attempt [AOR = 0.529, 95%CI =
0.384-0.729]. Peer support also reduced the risk of suicidal ideation [AOR = 0.704,
95%CI = 0.538,0.920] and plan [AOR = 0.743, 95%CI = 0.572,0.966] among the in-
school adolescents.
Conclusion
Suicidal behaviours constitute major public health challenges among in-school
adolescents in Mozambique. The behaviours are predominant among adolescents who are
physically attacked and those who experience anxiety. Conversely, having close
friends serves as a protective factor against suicidal behaviours. To ensure that
Mozambique meets the SDG target of promoting the mental health of all by the year
2030, the Government of Mozambique and educational authorities should urgently
design and implement innovative interventions and strengthen existing ones that
seek to address physical attacks and anxiety among in-school adolescents. School
administrations should also incorporate programmes that seek to congregate students
and offer platforms for social interaction and cohesion.
C1 [Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Dadzie, Louis Kobina; Amoah, Abigail; Kissah-Korsah, Kwaku]
Univ Cape Coast, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, Ghana.
[Seidu, Abdul-Aziz] James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Townsville,
Qld, Australia.
[Amu, Hubert] Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Behav Sci,
Hohoe, Ghana.
[Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena] Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Hlth,
Australian Ctr Publ & Populat Hlth Res ACPPHR, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Acheampong, Henry Yaw] Univ Cape Coast, Fac Educ Fdn, Coll Educ Studies, Dept
Educ & Psychol, Cape Coast, Ghana.
C3 University of Cape Coast; James Cook University; University of
Technology Sydney; University of Cape Coast
RP Amu, H (corresponding author), Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept
Populat & Behav Sci, Hohoe, Ghana.
EM hamu@uhas.edu.gh
RI Amu, Hubert/H-9446-2019; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena/AFL-1447-2022
OI Amu, Hubert/0000-0003-0218-3843; Ameyaw, Edward
Kwabena/0000-0002-6617-237X; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz/0000-0001-9734-9054
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NR 56
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUL 24
PY 2020
VL 15
IS 7
AR e0236448
PG 13
(SSCI)
GA OD5ZL
UT WOS:000579931700044
PM 32706805
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Cameron, L
Suarez, DC
Cornwell, K
AF Cameron, Lisa
Suarez, Diana Contreras
Cornwell, Katy
TI Understanding the determinants of maternal mortality: An observational
study using the Indonesian Population Census
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID SAFE MOTHERHOOD; OBSTETRIC CARE; HEALTH-CARE; BIRTH; BANGLADESH;
DISTANCE; SERVICES; MATLAB; POOR; TOO
AB Background
For countries to contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 of reducing the
global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by
2030, identifying the drivers of maternal mortality is critically important. The
ability of countries to identify the key drivers is however hampered by the lack of
data sources with sufficient observations of maternal death to allow a rigorous
analysis of its determinants. This paper overcomes this problem by utilising census
data. In the context of Indonesia, we merge individual-level data on pregnancy-
related deaths and households' socio-economic status from the 2010 Indonesian
population census with detailed data on the availability and quality of local
health services from the Village Census. We use these data to test the hypothesis
that health service access and quality are important determinants of maternal death
and explain the differences between high maternal mortality and low maternal
mortality provinces.
Methods
The 2010 Indonesian Population Census identifies 8075 pregnancy-related deaths
and 5,866,791 live births. Multilevel logistic regression is used to analyse the
impacts of demographic characteristics and the existence of, distance to and
quality of health services on the likelihood of maternal death. Decomposition
analysis quantifies the extent to which the difference in maternal mortality ratios
between high and low performing provinces can be explained by demographic and
health service characteristics.
Findings
Health service access and characteristics account for 23% (CI: 17.2% to 28.5%)
of the difference in maternal mortality ratios between high and low-performing
provinces. The most important contributors are the number of doctors working at the
community health centre (8.6%), the number of doctors in the village (6.9%) and
distance to the nearest hospital (5.9%). Distance to health clinics and the number
of midwives at community health centres and village health posts are not
significant contributors, nor is socio-economic status. If the same level of access
to doctors and hospitals in lower maternal mortality Java-Bali was provided to the
higher maternal mortality Outer Islands of Indonesia, our model predicts 44 deaths
would be averted per 100,000 pregnancies.
Conclusion
Indonesia has employed a strategy over the past several decades of increasing
the supply of midwives as a way of decreasing maternal mortality. While there is
evidence of reductions in maternal mortality continuing to accrue from the
provision of midwife services at village health posts, our findings suggest that
further reductions in maternal mortality in Indonesia may require a change of focus
to increasing the supply of doctors and access to hospitals. If data on maternal
death is collected in a subsequent census, future research using two waves of
census data would prove a useful validation of the results found here. Similar
research using census data from other countries is also likely to be fruitful.
C1 [Cameron, Lisa; Suarez, Diana Contreras] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Inst Appl
Econ & Social Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Cornwell, Katy] Monash Univ, Ctr Dev Econ & Sustainabil, Clayton, Vic,
Australia.
[Cornwell, Katy] World Vis Australia, Burwood East, Vic, Australia.
C3 University of Melbourne; Monash University
RP Cameron, L (corresponding author), Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Inst Appl Econ &
Social Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
EM lisa.cameron@unimelb.edu.au
RI Cameron, Lisa/HNI-6455-2023
OI Cameron, Lisa/0000-0002-7539-2198; Contreras Suarez,
Diana/0000-0003-0991-7029
FU Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade through the
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Gender Equality and Women's
Empowerment (MAMPU) program [MAMPU-MONASH-2014-1]
FX An initial version of the paper was supported by funding from the
Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade through the
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Gender Equality and Women's
Empowerment (MAMPU) program (MAMPU-MONASH-2014-1 to LC). The funder had
no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed in this
paper are the authors' alone and are not necessarily the views of the
Australian Government, MAMPU or other partner organisations.
CR Achadi EL, 2014, 91325 WORLD BANK HLT
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WHO UNICEF UNFPA, 2014, TRENDS MAT MORT 1990
NR 58
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 3
PY 2019
VL 14
IS 6
AR e0217386
PG 18
(SSCI)
GA IA9ZE
UT WOS:000469915700014
PM 31158243
OA Green Published, Green Submitted, gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Hors-Fraile, S
Rivera-Romero, O
Schneider, F
Fernandez-Luque, L
Luna-Perejon, F
Civit-Balcells, A
de Vries, H
AF Hors-Fraile, Santiago
Rivera-Romero, Octavio
Schneider, Francine
Fernandez-Luque, Luis
Luna-Perejon, Francisco
Civit-Balcells, Anton
de Vries, Hein
TI Analyzing recommender systems for health promotion using a
multidisciplinary taxonomy: A scoping review
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Recommender system; Tailoring; Health intervention; Behavior change;
Patient; Recommendation; Taxonomy; Health promotion
ID MESSAGES; INTERNET; TRIAL; WEB
AB Background: Recommender systems are information retrieval systems that provide
users with relevant items (e.g., through messages). Despite their extensive use in
the e-commerce and leisure domains, their application in healthcare is still in its
infancy. These systems may be used to create tailored health interventions, thus
reducing the cost of healthcare and fostering a healthier lifestyle in the
population.
Objective: This paper identifies, categorizes, and analyzes the existing
knowledge in terms of the literature published over the past 10 years on the use of
health recommender systems for patient interventions. The aim of this study is to
understand the scientific evidence generated about health recommender systems, to
identify any gaps in this field to achieve the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goal 3 (SDG3) (namely, "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for
all at all ages"), and to suggest possible reasons for these gaps as well as to
propose some solutions.
Methods: We conducted a scoping review, which consisted of a keyword search of
the literature related to health recommender systems for patients in the following
databases: ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, Association for Computing Machinery,
IEEExplore, and Pubmed. Further, we limited our search to consider only English-
language journal articles published in the last 10 years. The reviewing process
comprised three researchers who filtered the results simultaneously. The
quantitative synthesis was conducted in parallel by two researchers, who classified
each paper in terms of four aspects-the domain, the methodological and procedural
aspects, the health promotion theoretical factors and behavior change theories, and
the technical aspects-using a new multidisciplinary taxonomy.
Results: Nineteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the
data analysis, for which thirty-three features were assessed. The nine features
associated with the health promotion theoretical factors and behavior change
theories were not observed in any of the selected studies, did not use principles
of tailoring, and did not assess (cost)-effectiveness.
Discussion: Health recommender systems may be further improved by using relevant
behavior change strategies and by implementing essential characteristics of
tailored interventions. In addition, many of the features required to assess each
of the domain aspects, the methodological and procedural aspects, and technical
aspects were not reported in the studies.
Conclusions: The studies analyzed presented few evidence in support of the
positive effects of using health recommender systems in terms of cost-effectiveness
and patient health outcomes. This is why future studies should ensure that all the
proposed features are covered in our multidisciplinary taxonomy, including
integration with electronic health records and the incorporation of health
promotion theoretical factors and behavior change theories. This will render those
studies more useful for policymakers since they will cover all aspects needed to
determine their impact toward meeting SDG3.
C1 [Hors-Fraile, Santiago; Rivera-Romero, Octavio; Luna-Perejon, Francisco; Civit-
Balcells, Anton] Univ Seville, ETSII, Avda Reina Mercedes S-N, E-41012 Seville,
Spain.
[Hors-Fraile, Santiago; Schneider, Francine; de Vries, Hein] Maastricht Univ,
CAPHRI Care & Publ Hlth Res Inst,Hlth Promot, CAPHRI,Dept Hlth Promot, Fac Hlth Med
& Life Sci, Peter Debyepl 1,POB 616 6200, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
[Fernandez-Luque, Luis] Hamad Bin Khalifa Univ, Qatar Fdn, Qatar Comp Res Inst,
Doha, Qatar.
C3 University of Sevilla; Maastricht University; Maastricht University
Medical Centre (MUMC); Qatar Foundation (QF); Hamad Bin Khalifa
University-Qatar; Qatar Computing Research Institute
RP Hors-Fraile, S (corresponding author), ETSII, Dept ATC, Avda Reina Mercedes S-N,
Seville 41012, Spain.
EM santiago@atc.us.es; octavio@dte.us.es;
francine.schneider@maastrichtuniversity.nl; lluque@hbku.edu.qa;
fralunper@atc.us.es; civit@atc.us.es;
hein.devries@maastrichtuniversity.nl
RI Rivera, Octavio/I-5281-2017; Luna-Perejón, Francisco/AAH-1704-2019;
Civit, Anton/L-4784-2014
OI Luna-Perejón, Francisco/0000-0002-4352-8759; Civit,
Anton/0000-0001-8733-1811; Rivera Romero, Octavio/0000-0001-7212-9805
FU European Union [681120]
FX All authors acknowledge the valuable feedback sent by the two editors of
this especial issue. The present study was co-funded by the Project
SmokeFreeBrain "Multidisciplinary tools for improving the efficacy of
public prevention measures against smoking" of the European Union's
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement
No 681120.
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Weitzel JA, 2007, J STUD ALCOHOL DRUGS, V68, P534, DOI 10.15288/jsad.2007.68.534
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NR 52
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 4
U2 56
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 1386-5056
EI 1872-8243
J9 INT J MED INFORM
JI Int. J. Med. Inform.
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 114
BP 143
EP 155
DI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.12.018
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services;
Medical Informatics
(SSCI)
SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics
GA GD0EM
UT WOS:000430172700020
PM 29331276
OA Green Submitted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Geere, JA
Bartram, J
Bates, L
Danquah, L
Evans, B
Fisher, MB
Groce, N
Majuru, B
Mokoena, MM
Mukhola, MS
Nguyen-Viet, H
Duc, PP
Williams, AR
Schmidt, WP
Hunter, PR
AF Geere, Jo-Anne
Bartram, Jamie
Bates, Laura
Danquah, Leslie
Evans, Barbara
Fisher, Michael B.
Groce, Nora
Majuru, Batsirai
Mokoena, Michael M.
Mukhola, Murembiwa S.
Hung Nguyen-Viet
Phuc Pham Duc
Williams, Ashley Rhoderick
Schmidt, Wolf-Peter
Hunter, Paul R.
TI Carrying water may be a major contributor to disability from
musculoskeletal disorders in low income countries: a cross-sectional
survey in South Africa, Ghana and Vietnam
SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; CERVICAL-SPINE; HEALTH; LOAD; PAIN; SPONDYLOSIS;
CHILDREN; MYELOPATHY; DISTANCE; DISEASE
AB Background The Sustainable Development Goals include commitments to end poverty,
and promote education for all, gender equality, the availability of water and
decent work for all. An important constraint is the fact that each day, many
millions of women and children, and much less frequently men, carry their
household's water home from off-plot sources. The burden of fetching water
exacerbates gender inequality by keeping women out of education and paid
employment. Despite speculation about the potential health impacts of fetching
water, there is very little empirical evidence. We report the first large study of
the health impacts of carrying water on women and children.
Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in South Africa, Ghana and
Vietnam during 2012. It investigated water carrying methods and health status.
Because areas of self-reported pain were correlated we undertook factor analysis of
sites of reported pain, to interpret patterns of pain reporting. Regression
analysis using Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) investigated water carrying
as a risk factor for general health and self-reported pain.
Results People who previously carried water had increased relative risk of
reporting pain in the hands (risk ratio RR 3.62, 95% confidence interval CI 1.34 to
9.75) and upper back (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 4.40), as did people who currently
carry water (RR hand pain 3.11, 95% CI 1.34 to 7.23; RR upper back pain 2.16, 95%
CI 1.25 to 3.73). The factor analysis results indicate that factor 1, 'axial
compression', which is correlated with pain in the head and upper back, chest/ribs,
hands, feet and abdomen/stomach, is associated with currently (0.30, 95% CI 0.17 to
0.43) or previously (0.21, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.42) carrying water. Factor 2, 'soft
tissue strain', which is correlated with pain in the neck, shoulders/arms, lower
back and hips/pelvis or legs, is marginally negatively associated with currently (-
0.18, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.04) carrying water. The factor 'axial compression' was
more strongly associated with carrying water containers on the head.
Conclusions Participants who reported a history of current or past water
carrying more frequently reported pain in locations most likely to be associated
with sustained spinal axial compression in the cervical region. Given the fact that
cervical spinal conditions are globally one of the more common causes of
disability, our findings suggest that water carrying, especially by head loading is
a major contributing factor in musculoskeletal disease burden in low income
countries. Our findings support the proposed indicator for monitoring SDG6.1:
"Percentage of population using safely managed drinking water services at home."
C1 [Geere, Jo-Anne] Univ East Anglia, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Norwich, Norfolk,
England.
[Bartram, Jamie; Fisher, Michael B.; Majuru, Batsirai; Hunter, Paul R.] Univ N
Carolina, Water Inst, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
[Bates, Laura; Evans, Barbara; Williams, Ashley Rhoderick] Univ Leeds, Fac Publ
Hlth Engn, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Danquah, Leslie] Univ Energy & Nat Resources, Sch Geosci, Sunyani, Ghana.
[Groce, Nora] UCL, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Leonard Cheshire Disabil & Inclus
Dev Ctr, London, England.
[Mokoena, Michael M.; Mukhola, Murembiwa S.; Hunter, Paul R.] Tshwane Univ
Technol, Dept Environm Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa.
[Hung Nguyen-Viet; Phuc Pham Duc] Hanoi Univ Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth &
Ecosystem Res CENPHER, Hanoi, Vietnam.
[Hung Nguyen-Viet] Int Livestock Res Inst, Hanoi, Vietnam.
[Schmidt, Wolf-Peter] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, Dept Dis
Control, Environm Hlth Grp, London, England.
C3 University of East Anglia; University of North Carolina; University of
North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Leeds; University of London;
University College London; Tshwane University of Technology; Hanoi
University of Public Health; University of London; London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
RP Hunter, PR (corresponding author), Univ East Anglia, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Norwich
Med Sch, Room 2-13,Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
EM Paul.Hunter@uea.ac.uk
RI Nguyen-Viet, Hung/AHH-2981-2022; Hunter, Paul/A-7172-2008; Hunter,
Paul/N-9021-2019; Nguyen-Viet, Hung/F-6498-2012; Mokoena, Matodzi
Michael/AGH-3808-2022
OI Nguyen-Viet, Hung/0000-0003-1549-2733; Hunter, Paul/0000-0002-5608-6144;
Hunter, Paul/0000-0002-5608-6144; Nguyen-Viet, Hung/0000-0001-9877-0596;
Bartram, Jamie/0000-0002-6542-6315; Schmidt,
Wolf-Peter/0000-0001-7449-4152; Evans, Barbara/0000-0001-9815-3141;
Geere, Jo-Anne/0000-0002-9071-2778
FU UK Department for International Development; US National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences [T32ES007018]
FX This study was funded by the UK Department for International Development
(http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/pdf/outputs/water/61005-DFID_HH_water_supplies_f
inal_report.pdf). The funder had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript. The funder did comment on the initial draft of the contract
report (see above link). This work was also supported in part by a grant
from the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
(T32ES007018).
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NR 61
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 22
PU UNIV EDINBURGH, GLOBAL HEALTH SOC
PI EDINBURGH
PA CENTRE POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCES, OLD MEDICAL SCH, TEVIOT PL,
EDINBURGH, EH8 9AG, SCOTLAND
SN 2047-2978
EI 2047-2986
J9 J GLOB HEALTH
JI J. Glob. Health
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 8
IS 1
AR 010406
DI 10.7189/jogh.08.010406
PG 14
(SSCI)
GA GL9SP
UT WOS:000437678100014
PM 29497503
OA Green Accepted, Green Published, Green Submitted, gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Al-Hemoud, A
Gasana, J
Al-Dabbous, AN
Al-Shatti, A
Al-Khayat, A
AF Al-Hemoud, Ali
Gasana, Janvier
Al-Dabbous, Abdullah N.
Al-Shatti, Ahmad
Al-Khayat, Ahmad
TI Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Terms of Years of Life Lost
(YLL) Due to Premature Adult Mortalities and Postneonatal Infant
Mortalities Attributed to PM2.5 and PM10 Exposures in Kuwait
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE AirQ; burden of disease (BOD); DALYs; PM2.5; postneonatal mortality;
YLD; YLL
ID HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; GLOBAL
BURDEN; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DUST STORMS; TIME-SERIES; FOLLOW-UP; DISEASE;
QUALITY
AB Ambient air pollution in terms of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5 and
PM10) has been shown to increase adult and infant mortalities. Most studies have
estimated the risk of mortalities through attributable proportions and number of
excess cases with no reference to the time lost due to premature mortalities.
Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) are necessary to measure the health impact
of Ambient particulate matter (PM) over time. In this study, we used life-tables
for three years (2014-2016) to estimate the years of life lost (YLL), a main
component of DALYs, for adult mortalities (age 30+ years) and postneonatal infant
mortalities (age 28+ days-1 year) associated with PM2.5 exposure and PM10 exposure,
respectively. The annual average of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were recorded as
87.9 mu g/m(3) and 167.5 mu g/m(3), which are 8 times greater than the World Health
Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines of 10 mu g/m(3) and 20 mu g/m(3),
respectively. Results indicated a total of 252.18 (95% CI: 170.69-322.92) YLL for
all ages with an increase of 27,474.61 (95% CI: 18,483.02-35,370.58) YLL over 10
years. The expected life remaining (ELR) calculations showed that 30- and 65-year-
old persons would gain 2.34 years and 1.93 years, respectively if the current PM2.5
exposure levels were reduced to the WHO interim targets (IT-1 = 35 mu g/m(3)).
Newborns and 1-year old children may live 79.81 and 78.94 years, respectively with
an increase in average life expectancy of 2.65 years if the WHO PM10 interim
targets were met (IT-1 = 70 mu g/m(3)). Sensitivity analyses for YLL were carried
out for the years 2015, 2025, and 2045 and showed that the years of life would
increase significantly for age groups between 30 and 85. Life expectancy,
especially for the elderly (>= 60 years), would increase at higher rates if PM2.5
levels were reduced further. This study can be helpful for the assessment of poor
air quality represented by PM2.5 and PM10 exposures in causing premature adult
mortalities and postneonatal infant mortalities in developing countries with high
ambient air pollution. Information in this article adds insights to the sustainable
development goals (SDG 3.9.1 and 11.6.2) related to the reduction of mortality
rates attributed to ambient air levels of coarse and fine particulate matter.
C1 [Al-Hemoud, Ali; Al-Dabbous, Abdullah N.] Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Environm & Life
Sci Res Ctr, Crisis Decis Support Program, POB 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
[Gasana, Janvier] Kuwait Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, POB 24923, Hawalli
13110, Kuwait.
[Al-Shatti, Ahmad] Kuwait Minist Hlth, Occupat Hlth Dept, POB 51360, Riqqa
53454, Kuwait.
[Al-Khayat, Ahmad] Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Technoecon Div, POB 24885, Safat 13109,
Kuwait.
C3 Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research; Kuwait University; Kuwait
Institute for Scientific Research
RP Al-Hemoud, A (corresponding author), Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Environm & Life Sci
Res Ctr, Crisis Decis Support Program, POB 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
EM ahomood@kisr.edu.kw; janvier.gasana@HSC.EDU.KW; adabbous@kisr.edu.kw;
ahmad.alshatti2011@yahoo.com; akhayat@kisr.edu.kw
RI Gasana, Janvier/K-8904-2015
OI Gasana, Janvier/0000-0003-3345-2065; aldabbous,
abdullah/0000-0002-2408-8209; Al-Hemoud, Ali/0000-0002-4936-0176
FU Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) [PR17-12SL-05,
EC101C]
FX This research was funded by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of
Sciences (KFAS), grant number [PR17-12SL-05], project number [EC101C].
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NR 82
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 12
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 1660-4601
J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE
JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
PD NOV
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 11
AR 2609
DI 10.3390/ijerph15112609
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
(SSCI)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA HC2OB
UT WOS:000451640500283
PM 30469450
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Ameyaw, EK
Yaya, S
Seidu, AA
Ahinkorah, BO
Baatiema, L
Njue, C
AF Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Yaya, Sanni
Seidu, Abdul-Aziz
Baatiema, Linus
Njue, Carolyne
TI Do educated women in Sierra Leone support discontinuation of female
genital mutilation/cutting? Evidence from the 2013 Demographic and
Health Survey
SO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Discontinue; Female genital mutilation; cutting; Reproductive health;
Sierra Leone; Women
ID CONTINUATION; INFECTIONS; FGM/C; AGE
AB Introduction Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) comprises all procedures
that involve the total or partial elimination of the external genitalia or any
injury to the female genital organ for non-medical purposes. More than 200 million
females have undergone the procedure globally, with a prevalence of 89.6% in Sierra
Leone. Education is acknowledged as a fundamental strategy to end FGM/C. This study
aims to assess women's educational attainment and how this impacts their views on
whether FGM/C should be discontinued in Sierra Leone. Methods We used data from the
2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 15,228 women were
included in the study. We carried out a descriptive analysis, followed by Binary
Logistic Regression analyses. We presented the results of the Binary Logistic
Regression as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95%
confidence intervals (CIs). Results Most of the women with formal education (65.5%)
and 15.6% of those without formal education indicated that FGM/C should be
discontinued. Similarly, 35% of those aged 15-19 indicated that FGM/C should be
discontinued. Women with a higher education level had a higher likelihood of
reporting that FGM/C should be discontinued [AOR 4.02; CI 3.00-5.41]. Christian
women [AOR 1.72; CI 1.44-2.04], those who reported that FGM/C is not required by
religion [AOR 8.68; CI 7.29-10.34], wealthier women [AOR 1.37; CI 1.03-1.83] and
those residing in the western part of Sierra Leone [AOR 1.61; CI 1.16-2.23] were
more likely to state that FGM/C should be discontinued. In contrast, women in union
[AOR 0.75; CI 0.62-0.91], circumcised women [AOR 0.41; CI 0.33-0.52], residents of
the northern region [AOR 0.63; CI 0.46-0.85] and women aged 45-49 [AOR 0.66; CI
0.48-0.89] were less likely to report that FGM/C should be discontinued in Sierra
Leone. Conclusion This study supports the argument that education is crucial to end
FGM/C. Age, religion and religious support for FGM/C, marital status, wealth
status, region, place of residence, mothers' experience of FGM/C and having a
daughter at home are key influences on the discontinuation of FGM/C in Sierra
Leone. The study demonstrates the need to pay critical attention to uneducated
women, older women and women who have been circumcised to help Sierra Leone end
FGM/C and increase its prospects of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
three and five.
C1 [Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Njue, Carolyne] Univ Technol
Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Yaya, Sanni] Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Yaya, Sanni] Univ Oxford, George Inst Global Hlth, Oxford, England.
[Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Baatiema, Linus] Univ Cape Coast, Coll Humanities & Legal
Studies, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Qld, Australia.
C3 University of Technology Sydney; University of Ottawa; University of
Oxford; University of Cape Coast; James Cook University
RP Ameyaw, EK (corresponding author), Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth,
EM edmeyaw19@gmail.com
RI Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena/AFL-1447-2022; Yaya, Sanni/C-1079-2019
OI Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena/0000-0002-6617-237X; Yaya,
Sanni/0000-0002-4876-6043; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz/0000-0001-9734-9054; Njue,
Carolyne/0000-0001-9325-3565
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MUTIL
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Yoder PS, 2013, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V44, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1728-
4465.2013.00352.x
NR 67
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 14
PU BMC
PI LONDON
EI 1742-4755
J9 REPROD HEALTH
JI Reprod. Health
PD NOV 7
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 1
AR 174
DI 10.1186/s12978-020-01027-1
PG 10
(SSCI)
GA OT2RG
UT WOS:000590698400001
PM 33160372
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Desmond, C
Watt, K
Saha, A
Huang, JL
Lu, CL
AF Desmond, Chris
Watt, Kathryn
Saha, Anamika
Huang, Jialin
Lu, Chunling
TI Prevalence and number of children living in institutional care: global,
regional, and country estimates
SO LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB Background Children living in institutionalised settings are at risk of negative
health and developmental outcomes, as well as physical and emotional abuse, yet
information on their numbers is scarce. Therefore, the aim of our study was to
estimate global-level, regional-level, and country-level numbers and percentages of
children living in institutional care.
Methods In this estimation study, we did a systematic review of peer-reviewed
publications and a comprehensive review of surveys and unpublished literature to
construct a dataset on children living in institutional care from 136 countries
between 2001 and 2018. We applied a wide range of methods to estimate the number
and percentages of children living in institutional care in 191 countries in 2015,
the year the Sustainable Development Goals were adopted. We generated 98 sets of
estimates for each dataset, with possible combinations of imputation methods for
countries with different available data points. Of these 98 sets, we report here
five types of global-level estimates: estimates with the highest values, those with
the lowest values, those with median values, those with uncertainty levels, and
those derived from methods with the smallest root-mean-square errors (RMSE).
Findings Global estimates of children living in institutions in 2015 was highly
sensitive to the methods and data used, ranging from 3.18 million to 9.42 million
children, with a median estimate of 5.37 million. When selecting the method with
the lowest RMSE, the global estimate was 4.21 million, whereas with negative
binomial regression with bootstrapping, the global estimate was 7.52 (95% CI 7.48-
7.56) million. We also observed large variations in country-level estimates.
Compared with other regions, estimates in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin
America had larger variations in values when switching between estimation methods.
High-income countries had the highest average prevalence of institutionalisation,
whereas low-income countries had the lowest average prevalence. Estimates from the
full data with the smallest RMSE method showed that south Asia had the largest
estimated number of children living in institutions (1.13 million), followed by
Europe and central Asia (1.01 million), east Asia and Pacific (0.78 million), sub-
Saharan Africa (0.65 million), Middle East and North Africa (0.30 million), Latin
America and the Caribbean (0.23 million), and North America (0.09 million). North
America consistently had the lowest estimates among all regions.
Interpretation Worldwide, institutional care places millions of children at
elevated risk of negative health and developmental outcomes, highlighting the need
for deinstitutionalisation. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding
the number of children living in institutions. To improve estimates of the size of
this population, we need to standardise the definition of institutional care and
improve data collection, particularly in countries with large child populations.
Copyright (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Desmond, Chris; Watt, Kathryn] Ctr Liberat Studies, Durban, South Africa.
[Desmond, Chris] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Ctr Rural Hlth, Durban, South Africa.
[Saha, Anamika] Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
[Huang, Jialin] Peking Univ, Natl Sch Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Lu, Chunling] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Global Hlth Equ,
Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Lu, Chunling] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Boston, MA 02115
USA.
C3 University of Kwazulu Natal; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan
School of Public Health; Peking University; Harvard University; Brigham
& Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard
Medical School
RP Lu, CL (corresponding author), Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div
Global Hlth Equ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Lu, CL (corresponding author), Harvard Med
Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM chunling_lu@hms.harvard.edu
FU Lumos Foundation
FX Lumos Foundation.
CR [Anonymous], DE I TRANSFORMING CH
[Anonymous], ID BAS CHAR FORM ALT
[Anonymous], MAPP RES HOM CHILDR
[Anonymous], ECONOMETRIC ANAL
[Anonymous], REGR MOD COUNT DAT
[Anonymous], 2017, K4D HELPDESK REPORT
[Anonymous], CENTR SURV CAT
Baum CF, 2008, STATA J, V8, P299, DOI 10.1177/1536867X0800800212
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Csaky C., 2009, KEEPING CHILDREN OUT
Dozier M, 2012, SOC ISS POLICY REV, V6, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1751-2409.2011.01033.x
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Hyndman RJ, 2006, INT J FORECASTING, V22, P679, DOI
10.1016/j.ijforecast.2006.03.001
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5834.2011.00629.x
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10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.026
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10.1073/pnas.1200041109
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UNICEF, 2008, PROGR CHILDR REP CAR
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Williamson John, 2010, FAMILIES NOT ORPHANA
NR 27
TC 49
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2352-4642
J9 LANCET CHILD ADOLESC
JI Lancet Child. Adolesc. Health
PD MAY
PY 2020
VL 4
IS 5
BP 370
EP 377
DI 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30022-5
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
(SSCI)
SC Pediatrics
GA LS9XC
UT WOS:000536730700015
PM 32151317
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Bakhtiari, A
Takian, A
Majdzadeh, R
Haghdoost, AA
AF Bakhtiari, Ahad
Takian, Amirhossein
Majdzadeh, Reza
Haghdoost, Ali Akbar
TI Assessment and prioritization of the WHO "best buys" and other
recommended interventions for the prevention and control of
non-communicable diseases in Iran
LA English
DT Article
DE Non-communicable diseases (NCDs); Preventive interventions;
Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA); National action plan;
Prioritization; Iran
ID CRITERIA DECISION-ANALYSIS; ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS; COUNTRIES; FRAMEWORK; OPTIONS; POLICY
AB BackgroundThe WHO's "best buys" and other recommended interventions are a menu
of policy options and cost-effective interventions for the prevention and control
of major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The menu has six objectives, implementing
which by member states is expected to promote the achievement of the nine NCD
targets by 2025. In line with their context, countries can select from the menu of
best buys and other recommended interventions. Iran adopted its national action
plan on NCDs, 2015, including global as well as some specific goals and targets.
This study had two objectives: analyzing the gaps to reach the national targets on
NCDs; and prioritizing the best buys and other recommended interventions based on
multi-criteria decision-making (MCDA) method for the context of Iran.MethodsThis is
a mixed-methods study. We used qualitative textual evidence (documentary content
analysis) and MCDA for prioritization of interventions based on five criteria,
including a number of people to be potentially affected by the intervention, cost-
effectiveness of the intervention, attributable burden (DALY per 100,000),
hospitalization and variations among income levels. Data related to five criteria
for each intervention were extracted from national studies and relevant
international organizations. The weight of each criterion determines based on the
opinions of national experts.ResultsOut of 105 actions and interventions
recommended by WHO, only 12 of them were not on the national agenda in Iran, while
the six missed interventions were related to objective number 4. Only one of the
best buys Group's interventions was not targeted (vaccination against human
papillomavirus, two doses of 9-13-year-old girls), for which arrangements are being
made for the implementation. Encouraging and educating healthy dietary habits and
increasing public awareness about the side effects of smoking and exposure to
second-hand smoke, e.g., through mass media campaigns, are among the interventions
in need of serious prioritization. The priority of interventions was independently
calculated in the area of risk factors and clinical preventive
interventions.ConclusionDue to limited resources, low and middle-income countries
(LMICs) need to identify and prioritize more cost-effective and more equitable
interventions to combat the NCD epidemic. Based on our findings, we advocate more
investment in the mass and social media campaigns to promote a healthy diet, avoid
tobacco use, as well as the inclusion of some effective clinical preventive
interventions into the national action plan, along the long pathway to tackle NCDs
and ultimately reach sustainable health development in Iran. The use of the MCDA
approach assisted us in formulating a simultaneous use of efficiency and equity,
and other indices for prioritizing the interventions.
C1 [Bakhtiari, Ahad; Takian, Amirhossein] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management
& Econ, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran.
[Takian, Amirhossein] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth &
Publ Policy, Tehran, Iran.
[Takian, Amirhossein] Univ Tehran Med Sci, HERC, Tehran, Iran.
[Majdzadeh, Reza] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat,
Tehran, Iran.
[Haghdoost, Ali Akbar] Kerman Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr,
Inst Futures Studies Hlth, Kerman, Iran.
C3 Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran University of Medical
Medical Sciences; Kerman University of Medical Sciences
RP Takian, A (corresponding author), Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management &
Econ, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran.; Takian, A (corresponding author), Univ Tehran
Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Publ Policy, Tehran, Iran.; Takian, A
(corresponding author), Univ Tehran Med Sci, HERC, Tehran, Iran.
EM takian@tums.ac.ir
RI Haghdoost, Ali Akbar/C-2823-2009
OI Haghdoost, Ali Akbar/0000-0003-4628-4849; Bakhtiari,
Ahad/0000-0003-3580-9259
FU TUMS, Iran
FX This research is a part of a Ph.D. thesis in health policy at Tehran
University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), which benefited from the support
of the TUMS, Iran. Registration code: 9321460002. Student: Ahad
Bakhtiari.
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NR 71
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 4
PU BMC
PI LONDON
EI 1471-2458
PD MAR 14
PY 2020
VL 20
IS 1
AR 333
DI 10.1186/s12889-020-8446-x
PG 16
(SSCI)
GA KW1ZZ
UT WOS:000520970800002
PM 32171267
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Staniskis, JK
Katiliute, E
AF Staniskis, Jurgis Kazimieras
Katiliute, Egle
TI Unsustainability reduction in enterprises by incremental innovations
implementation and management
LA English
DT Article
DE Industrial enterprise; Resource efficient and cleaner production;
Cascade system; Sustainability management; Prevention; Incremental
innovations
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION; CORPORATE;
PERFORMANCE; INDICATORS; COMPANIES; PROPOSAL; SYSTEMS
AB The concept and the word "sustainability" in relation to industrial processes
and products have been so heavily overused, with too many different meanings
applied to it (Aras and Crowther, 2009). Sustainability takes much more than simple
problem-solving or some improvements in the existing consumption and production
system. It needs a discontinuous leap from the existing level of actions leading to
transformations where the reality changes its form.
Even though reducing unsustainability is not the same as creating
sustainability, it still makes great sense to prevent and remove the causes and
sources of unsustainability; however, at the same time it should be recognised that
this is just attacking the symptoms. In this context, reduction of unsustainability
of industrial development may be considered as a process of continuous improvement
of environmental, economic and social performance in industry. Such approach allows
the specialists to identify particular process performance parameters that could be
controlled and managed. Integration of sustainability management into the overall
business planning is a very important aspect to be tackled because the efficiency
of management systems largely depends on connections between the management systems
and strategic/financial decision-making. Enterprises often lack explicit
information about their activities, particularly reliable quantitative information
on technological processes and various sustainability aspects. Moreover, the
existing information is seldom systemised in a form suitable for effective
decision-making.
The main research goal was the evaluation and analysis of the performance of
incremental innovations and their introduction in two types of management system
(single-loop and cascade), providing continuous reduction of industrial enterprise
unsustainability. The innovations developed and implemented by authors together
with financing facility and companies' experts by using modified resource efficient
and cleaner production (RECP) approach. The research method based on the
performance analysis of 177 resource efficient and cleaner production incremental
innovations implemented by the authors' team in industrial companies in the period
1995-2015.
To ensure effective decision-making aimed at reduction of performance
unsustainability, a cascade management system based on three hierarchical levels
(process, activity and strategic decision-making) recommended for use in the
enterprises because it introduces the social component of sustainability, ensures
involvement of decision-makers at all management levels and enables effective
decision-making at different managerial and operational levels.
The procedure for unsustainability management involves the compliance of
enterprise's processes, activities, and strategic decision-making with legal and
other requirements (life quality, etc.), new scientific knowledge, and stakeholder
expectations, which all together constitute the system's input information.
Decision-makers at different management levels were provided with feedback
information based on the indicators of enterprise's sustainability performance. The
material presented in this paper based on the authors' theoretical and practical
research conducted in the course of different national and international projects.
(C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Staniskis, Jurgis Kazimieras] Kaunas Univ Technol, Inst Environm Engn, Kaunas,
Lithuania.
[Katiliute, Egle] Kaunas Univ Technol, Sch Business & Econ, Kaunas, Lithuania.
C3 Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas University of Technology
RP Staniskis, JK (corresponding author), Kaunas Univ Technol, Inst Environm Engn,
Kaunas, Lithuania.
EM jurgis.staniskis@ktu.lt; egle.staniskiene@ktu.lt
FU Research Council of Lithuania [S-MIP-17-122]
FX This research was co-funded by a grant (No. S-MIP-17-122) from the
Research Council of Lithuania
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NR 50
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
J9 J CLEAN PROD
JI J. Clean Prod.
PD NOV 1
PY 2019
VL 236
AR 117542
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.017
PG 11
& Ecology
GA IU2MH
UT WOS:000483414000096
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Nannan, NN
Groenewald, P
Pillay-van Wyk, V
Nicol, E
Msemburi, W
Dorrington, RE
Bradshaw, D
AF Nannan, N. N.
Groenewald, P.
Pillay-van Wyk, V.
Nicol, E.
Msemburi, W.
Dorrington, R. E.
Bradshaw, D.
TI Child mortality trends and causes of death in South Africa, 1997-2012,
and the importance of a national burden of disease study
SO SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIALS
AB Background. The Rapid Mortality Surveillance System has reported reductions in
child mortality rates in recent years in South Africa (SA). In this article, we
present information about levels of mortality and causes of death from the second
SA National Burden of Disease Study (SA NBD) to inform the response required to
reduce child mortality further. Objectives. To estimate trends in and causes of
childhood mortality at national and provincial levels for the period 1997 - 2012,
to highlight the importance of the SA NBD.
Methods. Numbers of registered child deaths were adjusted for under-reporting.
Adjustments were made for the misclassification of AIDS deaths and the proportion
of ill-defined natural causes. Non-natural causes were estimated using results from
the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System for 2000 and the National Injury
Mortality Survey for 2009. Six neonatal conditions and 11 other causes were
consolidated from the SA NBD and the Child Health Epidemiological Reference Group
lists of causes of death for the analysis. The NBD cause-fractions were compared
with those from Statistics South Africa, the United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF) and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).
Results. Under-5 mortality per 1 000 live births increased from 65 in 1997 to 79
in 2004 as a result of HIV/AIDS, before dropping to 40 by 2012. The neonatal
mortality rate declined from 1997 to 2001, followed by small variations. The death
rate from diarrhoeal diseases began to decrease in 2008 and the death rate from
pneumonia from 2010. By 2012, neonatal deaths accounted for 27% of child deaths,
with conditions associated with prematurity, birth asphyxia and severe infections
being the main contributors. In 1997, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Mpumalanga and
Eastern Cape provinces had the highest under-5 mortality, close to 80 per 1 000
live births. Mortality rates in North West were in the mid-range and then
increased, placing this province in the highest group in the later years. The
Western Cape had the lowest mortality rate, declining throughout the period apart
from a slight increase in the early 2000s.
Conclusions. The SA NBD identified the causes driving the trends, making it
clear that prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the Expanded
Programme on Immunisation and programmes aimed at preventing neonatal deaths need
to be equitably implemented throughout the country to address persistent provincial
inequalities in child deaths. The rapid reduction of childhood mortality since 2005
suggests that the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal target of 25 per 1 000 for
under-5 mortality is achievable for SA. Comparison with alternative estimates
highlights the need for cause-of-death data from civil registration to be adjusted
using a burden-of-disease approach.
C1 [Nannan, N. N.; Groenewald, P.; Pillay-van Wyk, V.; Nicol, E.; Bradshaw, D.]
South African Med Res Council, Burden Dis Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Msemburi, W.] Univ Cape Town, Fac Sci, Dept Stat, Rondebosch, South Africa.
[Dorrington, R. E.] Univ Cape Town, Fac Commerce, Ctr Actuarial Res, Rondebosch,
South Africa.
C3 South African Medical Research Council; University of Cape Town;
University of Cape Town
RP Bradshaw, D (corresponding author), South African Med Res Council, Burden Dis
Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.
EM debbie.bradshaw@mrc.ac.za
RI Nicol, Edward/H-9383-2016
OI Nicol, Edward/0000-0001-6019-9259
FU South African Medical Research Council's Flagships Awards Project
[SAMRC-RFA-IFSP-01-2013/SA CRA 2]
FX This research and the publication thereof were partly funded by the
South African Medical Research Council's Flagships Awards Project
(SAMRC-RFA-IFSP-01-2013/SA CRA 2).
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NR 33
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC
PI PRETORIA
PA BLOCK F CASTLE WALK CORPORATE PARK, NOSSOB STREET, ERASMUSKLOOF EXT3,
PRETORIA, 0002, SOUTH AFRICA
SN 0256-9574
EI 2078-5135
J9 SAMJ S AFR MED J
JI SAMJ S. Afr. Med. J.
PD JUL
PY 2019
VL 109
IS 7
BP 480
EP 485
DI 10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i7.13717
PG 6
GA IF7LY
UT WOS:000473266800012
PM 31266573
OA Green Submitted, gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Lee, K
Park, C
AF Lee, Kyungsun
Park, Catherine
TI THE SUSTAINABLE MICRO-SCALE MOVEMENT OF COMMUNITIES: CASE STUDIES OF
SUBDIVIDED DEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTIVE REUSE OF SHARED SPACE IN NEW YORK
CITY
SO JOURNAL OF GREEN BUILDING
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive reuse; New York City; mixed-use; non-governmental advocacy
groups; mega-city; micro-scale; subdivided development; infrastructure
development
AB In New York City a decline in manufacturing has propelled social and economic
changes that have transformed certain districts [1,2]. Unused building stock there
has been the basis for adaptive reuse yielding new housing for families of varying
compositions. The constant pressure of the need for affordable housing has resulted
in the conversion of existing abandoned industrial structures, providing a green,
environmentally friendly alternative to new construction [3,4,5]. Adaptive reuse
provides an opportunity to bring a building up to current codes, to make the layout
and building systems more appropriate and efficient, and to help revitalize
neighborhoods.
The nineteenth through the middle of the twentieth centuries were characterized
by urban environments which provided manufacturing jobs and the municipal services
and education that supported them [6]. American cities such as Detroit, Cleveland,
and Pittsburgh became boom-towns as people followed employment opportunities and
moved to these locations throughout this period [7,8,9]. In the decades after World
War II, the creation of highways and freeways-including the interstate highway
system that stretched east to west and north to south-led to suburbanization,
exemplified by Long Island's mushrooming Levit-town and many more like it [5,10].
These were the Baby Boom years. The suburban sprawl ultimately resulted in the
creation of mega cities like New York City. Families typically consisted of a
father, mother, and at least two children [16]. This trend was supported by strong
manufacturing industries and plentiful space that allowed much of the population to
fulfill the American dream of home ownership [2,11].
As labor cost increased due to stricter labor laws, unions, increasing land
cost, and higher taxes, many manufacturers began a search for less costly
environments, moving first to locations in the less expensive suburbs and then to
the South [4,8]. Eventually, American factories moved overseas to places such as
China, other Asian countries, and South America. This became known as out sourcing
manufacturing [6,7,12]. With the subsequent boom town collapse that began in the
1980s and continued through the new millennium, old U. S. industrial cities faced
declining populations, and Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and their like were soon
deserted by those who could no longer find employment there [14,40]. City
populations decreased by as much as 50% and in some places even more steeply [13].
According to the U. S. Census ( figure 1) [13,14], among American cities only New
York City's and Los Angeles's populations have grown since the 1980s. Migration for
employment opportunities became common and members per household, and households of
one or two became not uncommon [15,16]. Typical housing no longer required a big
space for shelter and a lawn or garden, and many people looked for smaller units
[11,16]. Smaller working spaces made micro-scale businesses possible. New York City
is an example of this change. Left with abandoned super block manufacturing
buildings such as the Brooklyn Navy Yard and Brooklyn Army Terminal and retired
infrastructure, New York City has looked for ways to repurpose these structures
[10,17]. Super block, old manufacturing buildings and factories still stand, but in
New York and elsewhere some have become mixed-use spaces.
The goal of this paper is to examine how New York City served the public by
providing working and living space through the conversion of existing super block
buildings and creating new public spaces out of under-used or abandoned
infrastructure. Comparative case studies are conducted focusing on the microscale
movement and renewed use of old infrastructure. It considers a future model for
sub-divided building spaces and repurposed structures providing shared, public
venues as it analyzes this movement structurally and the changes it has wrought on
local communities.
C1 [Lee, Kyungsun] Hongik Univ, Sch Architecture, Seoul 121791, South Korea.
[Park, Catherine] SoHa Atelier, 27-28 Thomson Ave,Suite 235, Long Isl City, NY
11101 USA.
C3 Hongik University
RP Lee, K (corresponding author), Hongik Univ, Sch Architecture, Seoul 121791,
South Korea.; Park, C (corresponding author), SoHa Atelier, 27-28 Thomson Ave,Suite
235, Long Isl City, NY 11101 USA.
EM ksunlee01@gmail.com; gheegu@gmail.com
RI Karasev, Roman/AAC-7241-2020
CR Abandoned NYC, BROOKL ARM TERM
[Anonymous], 2013, NYCEDS EC RES AN REP
Atkinson RD., 2002, WORSE GREAT DEPRESSI
Atkinson Robert, 2012, WORSE GREAT DEPRESSI
Bergdoll Barry, 2012, FORECLOSED REHOUSING
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Glaeser E., 2011, TRIUMPH CITY, P41
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Pierce J., 2012, SURPRISINGLY SWIFT D
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United Nations; Department of Economic and Social Affairs, WORLD URB PROSP HIGH
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 99
PU COLLEGE PUBLISHING
PI GLEN ALLEN
PA 12309 LYNWOOD DR, GLEN ALLEN, VA 23059 USA
SN 1552-6100
EI 1943-4618
J9 J GREEN BUILD
JI J. Green Build.
PD WIN
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 1
BP 23
EP 37
DI 10.3992/jgb.11.1.23.1
PG 15
WC Architecture
WE Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI)
SC Architecture
GA DY1YI
UT WOS:000384889900002
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Parry, M
Bjornnes, AK
Toupin-April, K
Najam, A
Wells, D
Sivakumar, A
Richards, DP
Ceroni, T
Park, M
Ellis, AK
Gilron, I
Marlin, S
AF Parry, Monica
Bjornnes, Ann Kristin
Toupin-April, Karine
Najam, Adhiyat
Wells, David
Sivakumar, Aditi
Richards, Dawn P.
Ceroni, Tina
Park, Marianne
Ellis, Anne K.
Gilron, Ian
Marlin, Susan
TI Patient Engagement Partnerships in Clinical Trials: Development of
Patient Partner and Investigator Decision Aids
SO PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT;
OUTCOME MEASURES; OLDER-PEOPLE; CANCER; DESIGN; GENDER; DELPHI; WOMEN
AB Background A 2017 systematic review suggested patient engagement in clinical
trials has been limited, with little active engagement in trial design or data
analysis, interpretation or dissemination. Additionally, there remains limited
sex/gender reporting in clinical trial research. Objectives The overall goal of
this project was to disseminate sex/gender knowledge and build capacity for patient
engagement in clinical trials. Specific objectives were to (1) create capacity and
identify opportunities for patient engagement in clinical trials and sponsor- or
investigator-led activities (e.g. clinical trial design and conduct); and (2)
enhance new/early investigator sex/gender knowledge and skills related to patient-
oriented research (POR). Methods We used the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Capacity Development Framework and
the SPOR Patient Engagement Framework to guide three phases of this project: (1)
conduct a scoping review using methods described by the Evidence for Policy and
Practice Information (EPPI) and the Coordinating Centre at the Institute of
Education (Phase 1); (2) host a 1-day POR consultation workshop (Phase 2); and (3)
deliver a new/early investigator POR training day (Phase 3). Six electronic
databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, the Cochrane Library, and AMED) were
searched from 1996 using keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms in
accordance with the International Association for Public Participation (IAP2) and
the search criteria in the bibliographic databases. Standard approaches were used
to search the grey literature. Results A total of 79 studies and over 150 websites
were subject to data abstraction by team members, capturing information on
sex/gender and SPOR's patient engagement guiding principles of inclusiveness,
support, mutual respect, and co-building. Results were presented to 32 key
stakeholders at the consultation workshop and input was sought on next steps using
nominal group techniques. Based on the plethora of existing POR resources, relevant
POR information from the scoping review was collated into two decision aids
(patient and investigator) to determine readiness to engage with/as a patient
partner in a clinical trial. The decision aids were presented at a POR training day
with 88 new/early investigators, clinicians, patient partners and decision makers.
The decision aids showed 'good' usability, assessed using the System Usability
Scale (SUS). Attendees thought the decision aids were engaging, they increased
their understanding of sex/gender, patient engagement and POR, and they would
recommend them to others. POR principles and practices were integrated across all
phases of the project. Patient partners (1) identified research priorities/search
terms; (2) collected/analyzed data; (3) designed the patient partner decision aid;
and (4) disseminated the results through presentation. Conclusion Our digital
patient partner and investigator decision aids are the first to provide information
technology to deliver sex/gender, POR knowledge, and decision support beyond the
traditional decision aids used for health screening and/or treatment decisions. The
decision aids have the potential to make a significant contribution to Canada's
Strategy for POR and support the collaborative efforts of patients and
investigators to build a sustainable, accessible and equitable health care system.
Plain Language Summary The goal of this project was to improve sex/gender
knowledge and help patients and investigators work together as partners in clinical
trials. There were three phases to this project: Phase 1, search the literature to
see what others had done; Phase 2, share the results of Phase 1 with key
stakeholders to determine gaps, and develop tools to fill the gaps; and Phase 3,
share the tools developed in Phase 2 with others to get feedback. We worked with
Clinical Trials Ontario and other key stakeholders to make two decision aids-one
for patients and one for investigators. The decision aids share sex/gender
knowledge and information about patient-oriented research. Each decision aid has
five parts: (1)Introduction(get the facts); (2)My Priorities(patient partner and
investigator priorities); (3)Learn More(information on sex/gender and other
resources to help patients and investigators work together); (4)My
Readiness(comparing priorities with benefits and risks); and (5)My
Decision(decision and next steps). Patients, investigators, and other key
stakeholders really liked the decision aids and found them easy to move through,
they had useful information, and they looked good. Comments included "I enjoyed
that the decision aids were separated for patients and investigators"; "I liked it,
it was user-friendly and easy to navigate"; and "there could be more interaction
and aimed more for mobile devices". These decision aids are the first to provide
knowledge and support beyond the standard decision aids used for health decisions.
Next steps include getting more feedback and using the decision aids in a
laboratory and then in a real-life setting and see if people still like them.
C1 [Parry, Monica] Univ Toronto, Lawrence S Bloomberg Fac Nursing, 155 Coll
St,Suite 130, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada.
[Bjornnes, Ann Kristin] Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot,
Oslo, Norway.
[Toupin-April, Karine] Univ Ottawa, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Rehabil Sci, Ottawa, ON,
Canada.
[Toupin-April, Karine; Sivakumar, Aditi] Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Ottawa, ON,
Canada.
[Najam, Adhiyat; Wells, David; Marlin, Susan] Diabet Act Canada, Patient
Partner, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Richards, Dawn P.] Clin Trials Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Ceroni, Tina] Clin Trials Ontario, Patient Partner, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Park, Marianne] Network Women Disabil, Patient Partner, Woodstock, ON, Canada.
[Ellis, Anne K.] Queens Univ, Dept Med, Kingston, ON, Canada.
[Gilron, Ian] Queens Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Perioperat Med, Kingston, ON,
Canada.
[Gilron, Ian] Queens Univ, Dept Biomed & Mol Sci, Kingston, ON, Canada.
[Gilron, Ian] Queens Univ, Sch Policy Studies, Kingston, ON, Canada.
C3 University of Toronto; Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet);
University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa; Queens University - Canada;
Queens University - Canada; Queens University - Canada; Queens
University - Canada
RP Parry, M (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Lawrence S Bloomberg Fac Nursing,
155 Coll St,Suite 130, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada.
EM monica.parry@utoronto.ca
RI Parry, Monica/L-3691-2017
OI Parry, Monica/0000-0002-6941-1380
FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) POR Collaboration Grant
Fall 2017 competition, Ottawa, ON, Canada [397455]
FX This work was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research
(CIHR) POR Collaboration Grant Fall 2017 competition (397455), Ottawa,
ON, Canada.
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NR 85
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 10
PU ADIS INT LTD
PI NORTHCOTE
PA 5 THE WAREHOUSE WAY, NORTHCOTE 0627, AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1178-1653
EI 1178-1661
J9 PATIENT
JI Patient
PD DEC
PY 2020
VL 13
IS 6
SI SI
BP 745
EP 756
DI 10.1007/s40271-020-00460-5
EA OCT 2020
PG 12
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services
(SSCI)
GA OP9UP
UT WOS:000577368400001
PM 33026639
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Senadheera, DKL
Wahala, WMPSB
Weragoda, S
AF Senadheera, D. K. Lakmini
Wahala, W. M. P. S. B.
Weragoda, Shermila
TI Livelihood and ecosystem benefits of carbon credits through rainforests:
A case study of Hiniduma Bio-link, Sri Lanka
SO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Reforestation; Payments for ecosystem services; Carbon credits; Carbon
market and community forests; Sustainable Development Goals
ID HEIGHT-DIAMETER MODELS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SERVICES; MANAGEMENT;
PAYMENTS
AB There is growing acceptance that the environmental and livelihood-improvement
benefits of forests extend beyond the mitigation of climate change. Forest
reforestation programmes that are typically motivated only by carbon benefits also
have the potential to improve livelihoods, reduce gender disparities, and provide
noncarbon ecosystem benefits with appropriate targeting of land selection and
involvement of local communities in governance. The Hiniduma Bio-link Project is
owned and maintained by Conservation Carbon Company in Sri Lanka. Apart from the
direct benefit of forest protection on decreasing carbon emissions and increasing
carbon sequestration, forest projects yield indirect benefits called co-benefits
that can be linked to the national agenda of the SDGs and beyond-carbon impacts of
forest carbon projects that are often of equal or greater importance to buyers of
emissions reductions.
Our project, the Hiniduma Bio-link, offers value-added carbon credits for
socially and environmentally conscious organisations and individuals. It is a
reforestation project to establish a biodiversity corridor between two large
protected remnant Sri Lankan rainforest patches - Singharaja and Kanneliya. In
addition to mitigating the broader issue of climate change, the project helps to
(I) conserve limited rainforest groves by providing buffers and a safe corridor
between the two protected forest patches to help reduce threats to local
biodiversity and wildlife from adjacent human communities, and (2) improve
livelihoods of local farmers and landholders by providing training and income
generating opportunities.
The Bio-link Project accomplishes this through the reforestation of traditional
farmers' home-gardens in the lowland wet zone region through analog forestry
concept. Along with the baseline biomass estimation of the selected pilot phase
project, the carbon savings from the newly planted trees were calculated and
registered for carbon credits. The expected sequestration potential per hectare is
152.14 t CO2/ha after a 20% deduction for unexpected losses. The ecosystem services
provided by the project are sold as Plan Vivo Certificates, which represent long-
term carbon sequestration. Crediting period of the project is 15 years. A baseline
survey was conducted in each land and the base-load was calculated to be 299.47
tCO(2)/ha. The certificates registered under the Plan Vivo registry for CO2
sequestrated from the newly planted trees are eligible to be sold as Voluntary
Carbon Credits in the international market.
The Hiniduma Bio-link Project is also the first project in Asia to complete a
Plan Vivo. Plan Vivo is a standard for designing and certifying community based
payments for ecosystem services (PES) programmes. One of the noteworthy successes
of the project has been the sale of carbon credits from the Hiniduma Bio-link
Project to Marks & Spencer, UK.
Beyond-carbon impacts of creating just employment or saving habitat for an
endangered species are actually the main motivators of the project, and the
verified emissions reductions that result are themselves a "co"-benefit - and a
means of leveraging carbon finance to implement project activities.
C1 [Senadheera, D. K. Lakmini] Conservat Carbon Co, Colombo 05, Sri Lanka.
[Wahala, W. M. P. S. B.] Sabaragamuwa Univ Sri Lanka, Dept Tourism Management,
Belihuloya, Sri Lanka.
[Weragoda, Shermila] Carbon Consulting Co, Colombo 05, Sri Lanka.
C3 Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka
RP Senadheera, DKL (corresponding author), Conservat Carbon Co, Colombo 05, Sri
Lanka.
EM lakminisenadheera@gmail.com; sampathwahala@yahoo.co.uk;
shermila@carbonconsultco.com
RI Wahala, Sampath/AAM-7657-2020; Mokhtara, Charafeddine/ACV-5174-2022
OI Wahala, Sampath/0000-0003-1230-9745;
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NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 6
U2 52
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2212-0416
J9 ECOSYST SERV
JI Ecosyst. Serv.
PD JUN
PY 2019
VL 37
AR 100933
DI 10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100933
PG 8
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
(SSCI)
GA HZ7EJ
UT WOS:000469015100017
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Reitzle, L
Hansen, S
Paprott, R
Achtermann, W
Baumert, J
Bogaert, P
Curt, L
Diem, P
Du, Y
Eiser, S
Fitzpatrick, J
Heidemann, C
Jousilahti, P
Kulzer, B
Lindstrom, J
Neuhauser, H
van Oyen, H
Pelletier, L
Schmidt, C
Valabhji, J
Weitgasser, R
Ziese, T
Zahn, D
Scheidt-Nave, C
AF Reitzle, Lukas
Hansen, Sylvia
Paprott, Rebecca
Achtermann, Wally
Baumert, Jens
Bogaert, Petronille
Curt, Laure
Diem, Peter
Du, Yong
Eiser, Stefanie
Fitzpatrick, Justine
Heidemann, Christin
Jousilahti, Pekka
Kulzer, Bernhard
Lindstrom, Jaana
Neuhauser, Hannelore
van Oyen, Herman
Pelletier, Louise
Schmidt, Christian
Valabhji, Jonathan
Weitgasser, Raimund
Ziese, Thomas
Zahn, Daniela
Scheidt-Nave, Christa
TI National public health system responses to diabetes and other important
noncommunicable diseases: Background, goals, and results of an
international workshop at the Robert Koch Institute
SO BUNDESGESUNDHEITSBLATT-GESUNDHEITSFORSCHUNG-GESUNDHEITSSCHUTZ
LA English
DT Article
DE Diabetes mellitus; Noncommunicable diseases; Public Health;
Surveillance; Prevention
AB Diabetes mellitus and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent an
emerging global public health challenge. In Germany, about 6.7million adults are
affected by diabetes according to national health surveys, including 1.3million
with undiagnosed diabetes. Complications of diabetes result in an increasing burden
for individuals and society as well as enormous costs for the health care system.
In response, the Federal Ministry of Health commissioned the Robert Koch Institute
(RKI) to implement adiabetes surveillance system and the Federal Center for Health
Education (BZgA) to develop adiabetes prevention strategy. In atwo-day workshop
jointly organized by the RKI and the BZgA, representatives from public health
institutes in seven countries shared their expertise and knowledge on diabetes
prevention and surveillance. Day one focused on NCD surveillance systems and
emphasized both the strengthening of sustainable data sources and the timely and
targeted dissemination of results using innovative formats. The second day focused
on diabetes prevention strategies and highlighted the importance of involving all
relevant stakeholders in the development process to facilitate its acceptance and
implementation. Furthermore, the effective translation of prevention measures into
real-world settings requires data from surveillance systems to identify high-risk
groups and evaluate the effect of measures at the population level based on
analyses of time trends in risk factors and disease outcomes. Overall, the workshop
highlighted the close link between diabetes prevention strategies and surveillance
systems. It was generally stated that only robust data enables effective prevention
measures to encounter the increasing burden from diabetes and other NCDs.
ZusammenfassungDiabetes mellitus und andere nichtubertragbare Krankheiten
(noncommunicable diseases, NCD) stellen global eine wachsende Herausforderung dar.
Gema ss nationalem Gesundheitssurvey sind in Deutschland 6,7Mio. Erwachsene an
Diabetes erkrankt, davon sind 1,3Mio. Falle nicht diagnostiziert.
Diabeteskomplikationen fuhren zu einer hohen Krankheitslast fur Betroffene und
Gesellschaft sowie zu enormen Kosten fur das Gesundheitssystem. Als Reaktion
beauftragte das Bundesministerium fur Gesundheit das Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) mit
der Entwicklung einer Diabetes-Surveillance und die Bundeszentrale fur
gesundheitliche Aufklarung (BZgA) mit der Erarbeitung einer Aufklarungs- und
Kommunikationsstrategie zu Diabetes. Zum Erfahrungsaustausch bezuglich dieser
beiden Themen organisierten RKI und BZgA gemeinsam einen 2-tagigen Workshop mit
Fachkundigen aus dem Public-Health-Bereich aus 7Landern. Der erste Tag behandelte
NCD-Surveillance-Systeme und betonte die Starkung von Datenquellen sowie die
zeitnahe und zielgerichtete Veroffentlichung der Ergebnisse mittels innovativer
Formate. Am zweiten Tag wurden Praventionsstrategien diskutiert und die Einbindung
aller relevanten Stakeholder in deren Entwicklung unterstrichen, da dies die
Akzeptanz und Implementierung vereinfacht. Weiterhin werden zur effektiven
Umsetzung von Praventionsma ss nahmen Surveillance-Daten benotigt, um
Hochrisikogruppen zu identifizieren und den Effekt der Ma ss nahmen auf
Bevolkerungsebene anhand zeitlicher Trends von Risikofaktoren und
Krankheitsindikatoren zu evaluieren. Zusammengefasst zeigt der Workshop die starke
Verbindung zwischen Praventionsstrategien und Surveillance.
Es wurde betont, dass erst solide Daten effektive Praventionsma ss nahmen
ermoglichen, um der wachsenden Krankheitslast von Diabetes und anderen NCD
entgegenzuwirken.
C1 [Reitzle, Lukas; Paprott, Rebecca; Baumert, Jens; Du, Yong; Heidemann, Christin;
Neuhauser, Hannelore; Schmidt, Christian; Ziese, Thomas; Scheidt-Nave, Christa]
RKI, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Monitoring, Gen Pape Str, D-12101 Berlin, Germany.
[Hansen, Sylvia; Eiser, Stefanie; Zahn, Daniela] Fed Ctr Hlth Educ BZgA,
Cologne, Germany.
[Achtermann, Wally; Curt, Laure] Fed Off Publ Hlth, Bern, Switzerland.
[Bogaert, Petronille; van Oyen, Herman] Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
[Diem, Peter] Swiss Diabet Fdn, Baden, Switzerland.
[Fitzpatrick, Justine] Publ Hlth England, London, England.
[Jousilahti, Pekka; Lindstrom, Jaana] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Helsinki, Finland.
[Kulzer, Bernhard] Diabet Zentrum Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
[Pelletier, Louise] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Valabhji, Jonathan] Natl Hlth Serv England, London, England.
[Weitgasser, Raimund] Austrian Diabet Assoc, Vienna, Austria.
C3 Robert Koch Institute; Sciensano; Public Health England; Finland
National Institute for Health & Welfare; Public Health Agency of Canada
RP Scheidt-Nave, C (corresponding author), RKI, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Monitoring,
Gen Pape Str, D-12101 Berlin, Germany.
EM Scheidt-NaveC@rki.de
RI Schmidt, Christian/AAP-9964-2020; Diem, Peter/A-7650-2008
OI Diem, Peter/0000-0002-1190-9880; Bogaert,
Petronille/0000-0002-6983-9571; Zahn, Daniela/0000-0002-0477-1369;
Lindstrom, Jaana/0000-0001-9255-020X; Neuhauser, Hannelore
K./0000-0002-6605-6221; Valabhji, Jonathan/0000-0001-9756-4061
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5
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NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1436-9990
EI 1437-1588
J9 BUNDESGESUNDHEITSBLA
JI Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesund.
PD OCT
PY 2018
VL 61
IS 10
BP 1300
EP 1306
DI 10.1007/s00103-018-2806-z
PG 7
GA GU0NF
UT WOS:000444946700012
PM 30191268
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Thom, D
Seidl, R
AF Thom, Dominik
Seidl, Rupert
TI Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in
temperate and boreal forests
SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE fire; wind; bark beetles; disturbance effect; biodiversity; ecosystem
services; forest management; salvage logging; prescribed burning;
disturbance paradox
ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA;
COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO-UROGALLUS; KARRI
EUCALYPTUS-DIVERSICOLOR; OCCIDENTALIS CAURINA HABITAT; ABOVEGROUND
CARBON STOCKS; SMALL-MAMMAL COMMUNITIES; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION
AB In many parts of the world forest disturbance regimes have intensified recently,
and future climatic changes are expected to amplify this development further in the
coming decades. These changes are increasingly challenging the main objectives of
forest ecosystem management, which are to provide ecosystem services sustainably to
society and maintain the biological diversity of forests. Yet a comprehensive
understanding of how disturbances affect these primary goals of ecosystem
management is still lacking. We conducted a global literature review on the impact
of three of the most important disturbance agents (fire, wind, and bark beetles) on
13 different ecosystem services and three indicators of biodiversity in forests of
the boreal, cool- and warm-temperate biomes. Our objectives were to (i) synthesize
the effect of natural disturbances on a wide range of possible objectives of forest
management, and (ii) investigate standardized effect sizes of disturbance for
selected indicators via a quantitative meta-analysis. We screened a total of 1958
disturbance studies published between 1981 and 2013, and reviewed 478 in detail. We
first investigated the overall effect of disturbances on individual ecosystem
services and indicators of biodiversity by means of independence tests, and
subsequently examined the effect size of disturbances on indicators of carbon
storage and biodiversity by means of regression analysis. Additionally, we
investigated the effect of commonly used approaches of disturbance management, i.e.
salvage logging and prescribed burning. We found that disturbance impacts on
ecosystem services are generally negative, an effect that was supported for all
categories of ecosystem services, i.e. supporting, provisioning, regulating, and
cultural services (P < 0.001). Indicators of biodiversity, i.e. species richness,
habitat quality and diversity indices, on the other hand were found to be
influenced positively by disturbance (P < 0.001). Our analyses thus reveal a
disturbance paradox', documenting that disturbances can put ecosystem services at
risk while simultaneously facilitating biodiversity. A detailed investigation of
disturbance effect sizes on carbon storage and biodiversity further underlined
these divergent effects of disturbance. While a disturbance event on average causes
a decrease in total ecosystem carbon by 38.5% (standardized coefficient for stand-
replacing disturbance), it on average increases overall species richness by 35.6%.
Disturbance-management approaches such as salvage logging and prescribed burning
were neither found significantly to mitigate negative effects on ecosystem services
nor to enhance positive effects on biodiversity, and thus were not found to
alleviate the disturbance paradox. Considering that climate change is expected to
intensify natural disturbance regimes, our results indicate that biodiversity will
generally benefit from such changes while a sustainable provisioning of ecosystem
services might come increasingly under pressure. This underlines that disturbance
risk and resilience require increased attention in ecosystem management in the
future, and that new approaches to addressing the disturbance paradox in management
are needed.
C1 [Thom, Dominik; Seidl, Rupert] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci BOKU Vienna, Dept
Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Silviculture, Peter Jordan Str 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
C3 University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna
RP Thom, D (corresponding author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci BOKU Vienna, Dept
Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Silviculture, Peter Jordan Str 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
EM dominik.thom@boku.ac.at
RI Seidl, Rupert/ABE-6078-2020; Thom, Dominik/AAE-5649-2020
OI Seidl, Rupert/0000-0002-3338-3402; Thom, Dominik/0000-0001-8091-6075
FU project 'Climate sensitivity of disturbance regimes and implications for
forest ecosystem management' (DICE) - Austrian Science Fund FWF [P
25503-B16]; European Commission [PCIG12-GA-2012-334104]; Austrian
Science Fund (FWF) [P 25503] Funding Source: researchfish
FX This study was supported by the project 'Climate sensitivity of
disturbance regimes and implications for forest ecosystem management'
(DICE), funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (grant P 25503-B16). R.
Seidl acknowledges further support by a European Commission's Marie
Curie Career Integration Grant (PCIG12-GA-2012-334104). We thank M.
Pedro and F. Pasztor as well as two anonymous reviewers for helpful
comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
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NR 541
TC 356
Z9 365
U1 70
U2 789
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
SN 1464-7931
EI 1469-185X
J9 BIOL REV
JI Biol. Rev.
PD AUG
PY 2016
VL 91
IS 3
BP 760
EP 781
DI 10.1111/brv.12193
PG 22
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA DR5ER
UT WOS:000379926500009
PM 26010526
OA Green Accepted, Green Published, hybrid
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Cros, M
Cavagnero, E
Alfred, JP
Sjoblom, M
Collin, N
Mathurin, T
AF Cros, Marion
Cavagnero, Eleonora
Alfred, Jean Patrick
Sjoblom, Mirja
Collin, Nicolas
Mathurin, Tania
TI Equitable realization of the right to health in Haiti: how household
data inform health seeking behavior and financial risk protection
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Health seeking behavior; Catastrophic health expenditures (CHE);
Inequalities; Disaster relief
ID SEEMINGLY UNRELATED REGRESSIONS; CARE; DETERMINANTS; INSURANCE; RECALL
AB BackgroundThough the right to health is included in Haiti's constitution, little
progress has been made to expand universal health coverage nationwide, a strategy
to ensure access to health services for all, while preventing financial hardship
among the poor. Realizing universal health coverage will require a better
understanding of inequities in health care utilization and out-of-pocket payments
for health. This study measures inequality in health services utilization and the
determinants of health seeking behavior in Haiti. It also examines the determinants
of catastrophic health expenditures, defined by the Sustainable Development Goal
Framework (Indicator 3.8.2) as expenditures that exceed 10% of overall household
expenditures.MethodologyThree types of analysis were conducted using the 2012 and
2013 Household Surveys (Enquete sur les Conditions de Vie des Menages Apres Seisme
(ECVMAS I (2012) and ECVMAS II (2013)) to measure: 1) outpatient services as a
measure of inequalities using the 2013 Concentration Index; 2) drivers of health
seeking behavior using a logistic regression model for 2013; and 3) determinants of
catastrophic health expenditures using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions for both
2012 and 2013.ResultsThe rate of catastrophic health expenditures increased
nationwide from 9.43% in 2012 to 11.54% in 2013. This increase was most notable
among the poorest wealth quintile (from 11.62% in 2012 to 18.20% in 2013), yet
declined among the richest wealth quintile (from 9.49% to 4.46% during the same
period). The increase in the rate of catastrophic health expenditures among the
poorest coincides with a sharp decrease in external donor funding for the health
sector. Regression analysis indicated that the rich wealth quintiles were less
likely than poor wealth quintiles to incur catastrophic health expenditures.
Interestingly, households were less likely to incur catastrophic health
expenditures when they accessed care from Community Health Workers than when they
received care from other types of providers, including public and private health
care facilities. This study also shows that Community Health Worker-provided
services have a negative concentration index (-0.22) and are therefore most
utilized by poor quintiles. In contrast, both public and private outpatient
services had positive concentration indexes (0.05 and 0.12 respectively) and are
most utilized by the rich wealth quintiles. Seeking care from traditional healers
was found to be pro-poor in Haiti (concentration index of -0.18) yet was also
associated with higher catastrophic health expenditures albeit the coefficient was
not significant.ConclusionThe expansion of universal health coverage in Haiti is
evolving in a pro-rich' manner. Realizing Haiti's right to health will require a
course-correction supported by national policies that protect the poor wealth
quintiles from catastrophic health expenditures. Such policies may include
Community Health Worker service delivery expansion in underserved areas. Evidence-
based interventions may also be required to lower outpatient user fees, subsidize
drug costs and promote efficiencies in pro-poor disaster relief programming.
C1 [Cros, Marion; Cavagnero, Eleonora; Sjoblom, Mirja; Collin, Nicolas; Mathurin,
Tania] World Bank, HNP, 1850 I St NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA.
[Alfred, Jean Patrick] Minist Publ Hlth & Populat Haiti, Res & Planning Unit,
Port Au Prince, Haiti.
C3 The World Bank
RP Cros, M (corresponding author), World Bank, HNP, 1850 I St NW, Washington, DC
20006 USA.
EM mcros@worldbank.org
CR Adisa O, 2015, INT J EQUITY HEALTH, V14, DOI 10.1186/s12939-015-0188-5
[Anonymous], 2014, HAIT EV PREST SERV S
[Anonymous], 2017, HUMAN RIGHTS HLTH
[Anonymous], 2012, PEARSON SERIES EC
[Anonymous], WHAT IS SEEM UNR REG
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NR 41
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU BMC
PI LONDON
EI 1475-9276
J9 INT J EQUITY HEALTH
JI Int. J. Equity Health
PD MAY 27
PY 2019
VL 18
AR 77
DI 10.1186/s12939-019-0973-7
PG 16
GA IA2IK
UT WOS:000469384600001
PM 31133035
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU McNaughton, AL
Lourenco, J
Bester, PA
Mokaya, J
Lumley, SF
Obolski, U
Forde, D
Maponga, TG
Katumba, KR
Goedhals, D
Gupta, S
Seeley, J
Newton, R
Ocama, P
Matthews, PC
AF McNaughton, Anna L.
Lourenco, Jose
Bester, Phillip Armand
Mokaya, Jolynne
Lumley, Sheila F.
Obolski, Uri
Forde, Donall
Maponga, Tongai G.
Katumba, Kenneth R.
Goedhals, Dominique
Gupta, Sunetra
Seeley, Janet
Newton, Robert
Ocama, Ponsiano
Matthews, Philippa C.
TI Hepatitis B virus seroepidemiology data for Africa: Modelling
intervention strategies based on a systematic review and meta-analysis
SO PLOS MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; BLOOD-DONORS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; VACCINATION;
SEROPREVALENCE; ELIMINATION; PREVENTION; CLEARANCE; PROGRAM
AB Background
International Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for elimination of hepatitis
B virus (HBV) infection set ambitious targets for 2030. In African populations,
infant immunisation has been fundamental to reducing incident infections in
children, but overall population prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection
remains high. In high-prevalence populations, adult catch-up vaccination has
sometimes been deployed, but an alternative Test and Treat (T&T) approach could be
used as an intervention to interrupt transmission. Universal T&T has not been
previously evaluated as a population intervention for HBV infection, despite high-
profile data supporting its success with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Methods and findings
We set out to investigate the relationship between prevalence of HBV infection
and exposure in Africa, undertaking a systematic literature review in November
2019. We identified published seroepidemiology data representing the period 1995-
2019 from PubMed and Web of Science, including studies of adults that reported
prevalence of both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg; prevalence of HBV infection)
and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc; prevalence of HBV exposure). We
identified 96 studies representing 39 African countries, with a median cohort size
of 370 participants and a median participant age of 34 years. Using weighted linear
regression analysis, we found a strong relationship between the prevalence of
infection (HBsAg) and exposure (anti-HBc) (R-2 = 0.45, p < 0.001). Region-specific
differences were present, with estimated CHB prevalence in Northern Africa
typically 30% to 40% lower (p = 0.007) than in Southern Africa for statistically
similar exposure rates, demonstrating the need for intervention strategies to be
tailored to individual settings. We applied a previously published mathematical
model to investigate the effect of interventions in a high-prevalence setting. The
most marked and sustained impact was projected with a T&T strategy, with a
predicted reduction of 33% prevalence by 20 years (95% CI 30%-37%) and 62% at 50
years (95% CI 57%-68%), followed by routine neonatal vaccination and prevention of
mother to child transmission (PMTCT; at 100% coverage). In contrast, the impact of
catch-up vaccination in adults had a negligible and transient effect on population
prevalence. The study is constrained by gaps in the published data, such that we
could not model the impact of antiviral therapy based on stratification by specific
clinical criteria and our model framework does not include explicit age-specific or
risk-group assumptions regarding force of transmission.
Conclusions
The unique data set collected in this study highlights how regional epidemiology
data for HBV can provide insights into patterns of transmission, and it provides an
evidence base for future quantitative research into the most effective local
interventions. In combination with robust neonatal immunisation programmes, ongoing
PMTCT efforts, and the vaccination of high-risk groups, diagnosing and treating HBV
infection is likely to be of most impact in driving advances towards elimination
targets at a population level.
C1 [McNaughton, Anna L.; Mokaya, Jolynne; Lumley, Sheila F.; Matthews, Philippa C.]
Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Medawar Bldg Pathogen Res, Oxford, England.
[Lourenco, Jose; Gupta, Sunetra] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Medawar Bldg Pathogen
Res, Oxford, England.
[Bester, Phillip Armand; Goedhals, Dominique] Univ Free State, Div Virol,
Bloemfontein, South Africa.
[Bester, Phillip Armand; Goedhals, Dominique] Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Bloemfontein,
South Africa.
[Lumley, Sheila F.; Matthews, Philippa C.] Oxford Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, John
Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Oxford, England.
[Obolski, Uri] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Forde, Donall] Tel Aviv Univ, Porter Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Tel Aviv,
Israel.
[Forde, Donall] Nuffield Dept Med, Nuffield Dept Med Res Bldg, Oxford, England.
[Maponga, Tongai G.] Univ Stellenbosch, Div Med Virol, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Cape
Town, South Africa.
[Katumba, Kenneth R.; Seeley, Janet; Newton, Robert] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Med
Res Council, Entebbe, Uganda.
[Katumba, Kenneth R.; Seeley, Janet; Newton, Robert] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med,
Uganda Res Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.
[Seeley, Janet] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Global Hlth & Dev, London,
England.
[Newton, Robert] Univ York, Dept Hlth Sci, York, N Yorkshire, England.
[Ocama, Ponsiano] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda.
C3 University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of the Free
State; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; University of
Oxford; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; University of Oxford;
Stellenbosch University; Uganda Virus Research Institute; University of
London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of York
- UK; Makerere University
RP Matthews, PC (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Medawar
Bldg Pathogen Res, Oxford, England.; Matthews, PC (corresponding author), Oxford
Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Oxford,
England.
EM philippa.matthews@ndm.ox.ac.uk
RI Maponga, Tongai/AAL-4487-2021
OI Mokaya, Jolynne/0000-0001-8398-0689; Lourenco, Jose/0000-0002-9318-2581;
Matthews, Philippa/0000-0002-4036-4269; McNaughton,
Anna/0000-0002-7436-8727; Seeley, Janet/0000-0002-0583-5272; Lumley,
Sheila/0000-0001-6825-9324; Obolski, Uri/0000-0001-7594-9745
FU Wellcome Trust [110110]; MRC [MC_UU_00027/2] Funding Source: UKRI
FX PCM is funded by an intermediate fellowship from the Wellcome Trust,
which supported this work (grant reference number 110110). The funders
had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 61
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 3
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1549-1277
EI 1549-1676
J9 PLOS MED
JI PLos Med.
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 4
AR e1003068
DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003068
PG 22
GA MY0YF
UT WOS:000558143800003
PM 32315297
OA Green Published, gold, Green Submitted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Banda, TD
Kumarasamy, M
AF Banda, Talent Diotrefe
Kumarasamy, Muthukrishnavellaisamy
TI Development of a Universal Water Quality Index (UWQI) for South African
River Catchments
SO WATER
LA English
DT Article
DE universal water quality index (UWQI); water quality index (WQI); water
quality indices (WQIs); weight coefficients; sub-index rating curves;
sub-index functions; Delphi method
ID DRINKING-WATER; LAND-USE; UMNGENI RIVER; NITRATE; UMGENI;
ELECTROCOAGULATION; CHLOROPHYLL; TURBIDITY; RESERVOIR; REMOVAL
AB The assessment of water quality has turned to be an ultimate goal for most water
resource and environmental stakeholders, with ever-increasing global consideration.
Against this backdrop, various tools and water quality guidelines have been adopted
worldwide to govern water quality deterioration and institute the sustainable use
of water resources. Water quality impairment is mainly associated with a sudden
increase in population and related proceedings, which include urbanization,
industrialization and agricultural production, among others. Such socio-economic
activities accelerate water contamination and cause pollution stress to the aquatic
environment. Scientifically based water quality index (WQI) models are then
essentially important to measure the degree of contamination and advise whether
specific water resources require restoration and to what extent. Such comprehensive
evaluations reflect the integrated impact of adverse parameter concentrations and
assist in the prioritization of remedial actions. WQI is a simple, yet intelligible
and systematically structured, indexing scale beneficial for communicating water
quality data to non-technical individuals, policymakers and, more importantly,
water scientists. The index number is normally presented as a relative scale
ranging from zero (worst quality) to one hundred (best quality). WQIs simplify and
streamline what would otherwise be impractical assignments, thus justifying the
efforts of developing water quality indices (WQIs). Generally, WQIs are not
designed for broad applications; they are customarily developed for specific
watersheds and/or regions, unless different basins share similar attributes and
test a comparable range of water quality parameters. Their design and formation are
governed by their intended use together with the degree of accuracy required, and
such technicalities ultimately define the application boundaries of WQIs. This is
perhaps the most demanding scientific need-that is, to establish a universal water
quality index (UWQI) that can function in most, if not all, the catchments in South
Africa. In cognizance of such a need, this study attempts to provide an index that
is not limited to certain application boundaries, with a contribution that is
significant not only to the authors, but also to the nation at large. The proposed
WQI is based on the weighted arithmetic sum method, with parameters, weight
coefficients and sub-index rating curves established through expert opinion in the
form of the participation-based Rand Corporation's Delphi Technique and extracts
from the literature. UWQI functions with thirteen explanatory variables, which are
NH3, Ca, Cl, Chl-a, EC, F, CaCO3, Mg, Mn, NO3, pH, SO(4)and turbidity (NTU). Based
on the model validation analysis, UWQI is considered robust and technically stable,
with negligible variation from the ideal values. Moreover, the prediction pattern
corresponds to the ideal graph with comparable index scores and identical
classification grades, which signifies the readiness of the model to appraise water
quality status across South African watersheds. The research article intends to
substantiate the methods used and document the results achieved.
C1 [Banda, Talent Diotrefe; Kumarasamy, Muthukrishnavellaisamy] Univ KwaZulu Natal,
Howard Coll, Coll Agr Engn & Sci, Dept Civil Engn,Sch Engn, ZA-4041 Durban, South
Africa.
C3 University of Kwazulu Natal
RP Banda, TD (corresponding author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Howard Coll, Coll Agr Engn
& Sci, Dept Civil Engn,Sch Engn, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa.
EM diotrefetb@yahoo.co.uk; kumarasamy@ukzn.ac.za
RI Kumarasamy, Muthukrishnavellaisamy/N-6009-2013
OI Kumarasamy, Muthukrishnavellaisamy/0000-0003-1612-190X; Banda, Talent
Diotrefe/0000-0002-0037-6441
FU ZAKUMI Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd. [ST2017/BANDA/PhD-Eng/UKZN];
University of KwaZulu-Natal
FX This research was funded by ZAKUMI Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd.,
grant number ST2017/BANDA/PhD-Eng/UKZN and the research was supported by
the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
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NR 71
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 8
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2073-4441
J9 WATER-SUI
JI Water
PD JUN
PY 2020
VL 12
IS 6
AR 1534
DI 10.3390/w12061534
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA MR5BT
UT WOS:000553603600001
OA gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Stenberg, K
Hanssen, O
Bertram, M
Brindley, C
Meshreky, A
Barkley, S
Edejer, TTT
AF Stenberg, Karin
Hanssen, Odd
Bertram, Melanie
Brindley, Callum
Meshreky, Andreia
Barkley, Shannon
Edejer, Tessa Tan-Torres
TI Guide posts for investment in primary health care and projected resource
needs in 67 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL BURDEN; DISEASE
AB Background Primary health care (PHC) is a driving force for advancing towards
universal health coverage (UHC). PHC-oriented health systems bring enormous
benefits but require substantial financial investments. Here, we aim to present
measures for PHC investments and project the associated resource needs.
Methods This modelling study analysed data from 67 low-income and middle-income
countries (LMICs). Recognising the variation in PHC services among countries, we
propose three measures for PHC, with different scope for included interventions and
system strengthening. Measure 1 is centred on public health interventions and
outpatient care; measure 2 adds general inpatient care; and measure 3 further adds
cross-sectoral activities. Cost components included in each measure were based on
the Declaration of Astana, informed by work delineating PHC within health accounts,
and finalised through an expert and country validation meeting. We extracted the
subset of PHC costs for each measure from WHO's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
price tag for the 67 LMICs, and projected the associated health impact. Estimates
of financial resource need, health workforce, and outpatient visits are presented
as PHC investment guide posts for LMICs.
Findings An estimated additional US$200-328 billion per year is required for the
various measures of PHC from 2020 to 2030. For measure 1, an additional $32 is
needed per capita across the countries. Needs are greatest in low-income countries
where PHC spending per capita needs to increase from $25 to $65. Overall health
workforces would need to increase from 5.6 workers per 1000 population to 6.7 per
1000 population, delivering an average of 5.9 outpatient visits per capita per
year. Increasing coverage of PHC interventions would avert an estimated 60.1
million deaths and increase average life expectancy by 3.7 years. By 2030, these
incremental PHC costs would be about 3.3% of projected gross domestic product (GDP;
median 1.7%, range 0.1-20.2). In a business-as-usual financing scenario, 25 of 67
countries will have funding gaps in 2030. If funding for PHC was increased by 1-2%
of GDP across all countries, as few as 16 countries would see a funding gap by
2030.
Interpretation The resources required to strengthen PHC vary across countries,
depending on demographic trends, disease burden, and health system capacity. The
proposed PHC investment guide posts advance discussions around the budgetary
implications of strengthening PHC, including relevant system investment needs and
achievable health outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that low-income and lower-
middle-income countries would need to at least double current spending on PHC to
strengthen their systems and universally provide essential PHC services. Investing
in PHC will bring substantial health benefits and build human capital. At country
level, PHC interventions need to be explicitly identified, and plans should be made
for how to most appropriately reorient the health system towards PHC as a key lever
towards achieving UHC and the health-related SDGs. Copyright (C) 2019 World Health
Organization; licensee Elsevier.
C1 [Stenberg, Karin; Hanssen, Odd; Bertram, Melanie; Brindley, Callum; Edejer,
Tessa Tan-Torres] WHO, Dept Hlth Syst Governance & Financing, CH-1211 Geneva 27,
Switzerland.
[Stenberg, Karin; Edejer, Tessa Tan-Torres] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel,
Switzerland.
[Stenberg, Karin; Edejer, Tessa Tan-Torres] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
[Barkley, Shannon] WHO, Dept Integrated Hlth Serv, Geneva, Switzerland.
C3 World Health Organization; University of Basel; Swiss Tropical & Public
Health Institute; University of Basel; World Health Organization
RP Stenberg, K (corresponding author), WHO, Dept Hlth Syst Governance & Financing,
CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
EM stenbergk@who.int
OI Edejer, Tessa/0000-0003-1068-332X; Brindley, Callum/0000-0002-5478-3974
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
FX The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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109X(19)30272-4
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NR 27
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2214-109X
PD NOV
PY 2019
VL 7
IS 11
BP E1500
EP E1510
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30416-4
PG 11
(SSCI)
GA JC9RZ
UT WOS:000489615400022
PM 31564629
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Chaiyadet, S
Sotillo, J
Krueajampa, W
Thongsen, S
Brindley, PJ
Sripa, B
Loukas, A
Laha, T
AF Chaiyadet, Sujittra
Sotillo, Javier
Krueajampa, Watchara
Thongsen, Sophita
Brindley, Paul J.
Sripa, Banchob
Loukas, Alex
Laha, Thewarach
TI Vaccination of hamsters with Opisthorchis viverrini extracellular
vesicles and vesicle-derived recombinant tetraspanins induces antibodies
that block vesicle uptake by cholangiocytes and reduce parasite burden
after challenge infection
LA English
DT Article
ID CARCINOGENIC LIVER FLUKE; EXCRETORY/SECRETORY PRODUCTS;
SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; EXOSOMES; HELMINTHS; PATHWAYS; SURFACE
AB Background The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini infects several million people
in Southeast Asia. Adult flukes live in the bile ducts of humans, where they cause
hepatobiliary pathology, including cholangiocarcinoma. Here, we investigated the
potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the fluke and defined
recombinant proteins derived from EVs to generate protective immunity in a hamster
vaccination-challenge model.
Methodology/Principal findings EVs isolated from the excretory-secretory
products of O. viverrini and two recombinant EV surface proteins encoding the large
extracellular loops (LEL) of Ov-TSP-2 (rOv-TSP-2) and Ov-TSP-3 (rOv-TSP-3) were
adjuvanted and used to vaccinate hamsters intraperitoneally followed by challenge
infection with O. viverrini metacercariae. The number of adult flukes recovered
from hamsters immunized with EVs, rOv-TSP-2, rOv-TSP-3 and rOv-TSP-2+rOv-TSP-3 were
significantly reduced compared to control animals vaccinated with adjuvant alone.
The number of eggs per gram feces was also significantly reduced in hamsters
vaccinated with rOv-TSP-2 compared to controls, but no significant differences were
found in the other groups. The average length of worms recovered from hamsters
vaccinated with EVs, rOv-TSP-2 and rOv-TSP-3 was significantly shorter than that of
worms recovered from the control group. Anti-EV IgG levels in serum and bile were
significantly higher in hamsters vaccinated with EVs compared to control hamsters
both pre- and post-challenge. In addition, levels of anti-rOv-TSP antibodies in the
serum and bile were significantly higher than control hamsters both pre- and post-
challenge. Finally, antibodies against rOv-TSP-2 and rOv-TSP-3 blocked uptake of
EVs by human primary cholangiocyte in vitro, providing a plausible mechanism by
which these vaccines exert partial efficacy and reduce the intensity of O.
viverrini infection.
Conclusion/Significance Liver fluke EVs and recombinant tetraspanins derived
from the EV surface when administered to hamsters induce antibody responses that
block EV uptake by target bile duct cells and exert partial efficacy and against O.
viverrini challenge.
Author summary Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a significant public health problem
in countries throughout Southeast Asia. In these areas CCA has a strong association
with chronic infection with the food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini.
Current control of the infection relies on chemotherapy and health education,
however these approaches are not sustainable in isolation. Hence, there is an
urgent need for a vaccine against this neglected tropical disease. A vaccine
against O. viverrini would confer anti-cancer protection in similar fashion to the
acclaimed vaccine for human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Toward this goal,
secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) of O. viverrini and recombinant proteins from
the surface of EVs were generated and tested as vaccines in a hamster challenge
model. Vaccination of hamsters with EVs and recombinant proteins induced production
of antibodies in serum and bile, and those antibodies blocked uptake of EVs by
primary bile duct cells in vitro. Challenge of vaccinated hamsters with infective
stage flukes markedly reduced adult fluke recovery compared to the adjuvant control
group. This is the first report of successful vaccination of hamsters with O.
viverrini EVs and recombinant vesicle surface proteins, and provides proof-of-
concept for development of subunit vaccines for this carcinogenic infection.
C1 [Chaiyadet, Sujittra; Krueajampa, Watchara; Thongsen, Sophita; Laha, Thewarach]
Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
[Sotillo, Javier; Loukas, Alex] James Cook Univ, Australian Inst Trop Hlth &
Med, Ctr Mol Therapeut, Cairns, Australia.
[Brindley, Paul J.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol
Immunol & Trop Med, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Brindley, Paul J.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Res Ctr
Neglected Dis Poverty, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Sripa, Banchob] Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Pathol, Fac Med, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
C3 Khon Kaen University; James Cook University; George Washington
University; George Washington University; Khon Kaen University
RP Laha, T (corresponding author), Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, Khon
Kaen, Thailand.; Loukas, A (corresponding author), James Cook Univ, Australian Inst
Trop Hlth & Med, Ctr Mol Therapeut, Cairns, Australia.
EM alex.loukas@jcu.edu.au; thewa_la@kku.ac.th
RI Sotillo, Javier/B-7354-2014; Loukas, Alex/B-7355-2014
OI Sotillo, Javier/0000-0002-1443-7233; Loukas, Alex/0000-0002-0896-8441;
Brindley, Paul J./0000-0003-1765-0002; Sripa,
Banchob/0000-0001-8899-5919
FU National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC)
[APP1085309]; National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health
[5R01CA164719-03, 2R01CA164719-06A1]; NHMRC [1117504]; National Health
and Medical Research Council of Australia [1117504] Funding Source:
NHMRC
FX This research was financially supported by a project grant from the
National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), grant
identification number APP1085309, and the National Cancer Institute,
National Institute of Health, grant number 5R01CA164719-03 and
2R01CA164719-06A1. AL acknowledges support from a NHMRC senior principal
research fellowship (1117504). The funders had no role in study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
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NR 39
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 6
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1935-2735
PD MAY
PY 2019
VL 13
IS 5
AR e0007450
PG 15
GA IB3ST
UT WOS:000470188100070
PM 31136572
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Abegaz, A
Tamene, L
Abera, W
Yaekob, T
Hailu, H
Nyawira, SS
Da Silva, M
Sommer, R
AF Abegaz, Assefa
Tamene, Lulseged
Abera, Wuletawu
Yaekob, Tesfaye
Hailu, Habtamu
Nyawira, Sylvia S.
Da Silva, Mayesse
Sommer, Rolf
TI Soil organic carbon dynamics along chrono-sequence land-use systems in
the highlands of Ethiopia
SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock losses; SOC stock gains; Drivers for
effective reforestation; SOC stock partial balance; Curve of SOC change;
Forest transition theory
ID FOR-GREEN PROGRAM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; GRAZING INTENSITY; TOTAL
NITROGEN; STORAGE; STEPPE; SEQUESTRATION; TRANSITION; INDICATORS; STOCKS
AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics along land-use changes influences the
terrestrial and global carbon cycle, the climate, soil fertility, agricultural
productivity, and food security. Taking soils under native forests as an
appropriate ecological reference, we studied changes in soil organic carbon stock
along eight land-use types in the highlands of Ethiopia. The general objective of
the study was to investigate the dynamics of SOC stock following chrono-sequence
land-use/cover systems in the highlands of Ethiopia. The specific objectives were
to: (1) analyze loss due to land degradation; (2) analyze gain due to land
restoration; and (3) estimate partial balance of SOC stock for the highlands of
Ethiopia. The study followed the principle of the Forest Transition Theory (FTT).
Eleven sub-areas were considered from the highlands of Ethiopia. A total of 241
auger composite samples from the topsoil (0 - 20 cm depth) were collected during
December 2017 to June 2018, and analyzed at CropNut soil lab in Nairobi. The study
results revealed that there were statistically significant variations (P < 0.05)
across the land-use types with the mean stocks ranging from 31.4 Mg SOC ha(-1) in
soils of intensively grazed lands to 145.0 Mg SOC ha(-1) in soils of guasa
grasslands. Soils of natural/pristine vegetation and protected guasa grasslands
contain the highest amount of SOC stock. Therefore, there should be more aggressive
efforts towards an effective protection of these ecosystems. Soils under
intensively used croplands and intensively grazed lands lost, respectively, 64.95%
and 78.16%, SOC stocks originally accumulated in the top surface layers of the
pristine forests. This points for the need to adopt locally feasible land
management practices that lead to increased SOC stock and simultaneously reduced
CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions from croplands and intensively grazed lands of the
highlands of Ethiopia. Compared to stocks of SOC of intensively grazed lands (31.44
Mg SOC ha(-1)), the annual stock gains in soils of controlled grazing lands (4.60
Mg ha(-1)) were > gains in soils of enclosures (3.17 Mg ha(-1)) > gains in soils of
afforestation (2.35 Mg SOC ha(-1)), which signifies that converting degraded lands
to either controlled grazing lands, enclosures, or afforestation would be a
promising practice for an enhanced carbon sequestration across the highlands of
Ethiopia. This practice is in line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development
Goals. The estimated regional partial stock balance revealed that the loss and gain
ratio was 35.1 in 1991, and it declined to 15.4 in 2001, 2.2 in 2011 and 1.8 in
2015. These decreasing ratios indicate the possibility of closing the gap between
the losses and the gains in the near future, and eventually shifting to higher
rates of gains than losses. It is also important to note that determined efforts
towards the effective protection of natural forests and the creation of enclosures
and reforestation areas by local communities for enhanced carbon sequestration will
benefit them from payments of carbon emission reduction (CER) credits.
C1 [Abegaz, Assefa] Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
[Tamene, Lulseged; Abera, Wuletawu] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
[Yaekob, Tesfaye] Wolkite Agr Res Ctr, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
[Hailu, Habtamu] Minist Agr, Sustainable Land Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Nyawira, Sylvia S.] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Da Silva, Mayesse] Int Ctr Trop Agr CIAT, Cali, Colombia.
[Sommer, Rolf] World Wide Fund Nat WWF, Berlin, Germany.
C3 Addis Ababa University; Alliance; International Center for Tropical
Agriculture - CIAT; Alliance; International Center for Tropical
Agriculture - CIAT; Alliance; International Center for Tropical
Agriculture - CIAT
RP Abegaz, A (corresponding author), Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Geog & Environm
Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
EM assefa.abegaz@aau.edu.et
RI Tamene, Lulseged/GPC-7434-2022
OI Tamene, Lulseged/0000-0002-4846-2330; Abera,
Wuletawu/0000-0002-3657-5223; DA SILVA, MAYESSE/0000-0002-3734-9586
FU Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development
(Bundesministerium fur wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung,
BMZ); German Society for International Cooperation (Deutsche
Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit, GIZ); CGIAR research
program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE); United States Agency for
International Development (USAID) Feed the Future Initiative of the
Africa RISING program
FX This research was undertaken with financial support from the Federal
Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium fur
wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ) and the German
Society for International Cooperation (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur
Internationale Zusammenarbeit, GIZ). We also acknowledge support from
the CGIAR research program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) and the
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Feed the
Future Initiative of the Africa RISING program. We gratefully
acknowledge supports from reginal, zonal, district and `Kebele'
authorities. We are also grateful to local farmers, extension workers
and development agents who participated in the group discussions and
field sampling and data collection.
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NR 104
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 4
U2 95
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29a, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8809
EI 1873-2305
J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON
JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
PD SEP 15
PY 2020
VL 300
AR 106997
DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106997
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA LX9UB
UT WOS:000540169600015
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Seidu, AA
Ahinkorah, BO
Ameyaw, EK
Hubert, A
Agbemavi, W
Armah-Ansah, EK
Budu, E
Sambah, F
Tackie, V
AF Seidu, Abdul-Aziz
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Hubert, Amu
Agbemavi, Wonder
Armah-Ansah, Ebenezer Kwesi
Budu, Eugene
Sambah, Francis
Tackie, Vivian
TI What has women's reproductive health decision-making capacity and other
factors got to do with pregnancy termination in sub-Saharan Africa?
evidence from 27 cross-sectional surveys
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED-ABORTION; ASSOCIATION; SAFER; GHANA; RISK; CARE
AB Introduction
Pregnancy termination is one of the key issues that require urgent attention in
achieving the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of ensuring healthy lives
and promoting wellbeing for all at all ages. The reproductive health decision-
making (RHDM) capacity of women plays a key role in their reproductive health
outcomes, including pregnancy termination. Based on this premise, we examined RHDM
capacity and pregnancy termination among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan
Africa (SSA).
Materials and methods
We pooled data from the women's files of the most recent Demographic and Health
Surveys (DHS) of 27 countries in SSA, which are part of the DHS programme. The
total sample was 240,489 women aged 15 to 49. We calculated the overall prevalence
of pregnancy termination in the 27 countries as well as the prevalence in each
individual country. We also examined the association between RHDM capacity, socio-
demographic characteristics and pregnancy termination. RHDM was generated from two
variables: decision-making on sexual intercourse and decision-making on condom use.
Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted and presented as Crude Odds
Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence
intervals (CI). Statistical significance was declared p<0.05.
Results
The prevalence of pregnancy termination ranged from 7.5% in Benin to 39.5% in
Gabon with an average of 16.5%. Women who were capable of taking reproductive
health decisions had higher odds of terminating a pregnancy than those who were
incapable (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.17-1.24). We also found that women aged 45-49
(AOR = 5.54, 95% CI = 5.11-6.01), women with primary level of education (AOR =
1.14, 95% CI = 1.20-1.17), those cohabiting (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.11), those
in the richest wealth quintile (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.11) and women employed
in the services sector (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.27-1.44) were more likely to
terminate pregnancies. Relatedly, women who did not intend to use contraceptive
(AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.39-1.56), those who knew only folkloric contraceptive
method (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.18-1.32), women who watched television almost every
day (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.20-1.24) and those who listened to radio almost every
day (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.18) had higher odds of terminating a pregnancy.
However, women with four or more children had the lowest odds (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI =
0.54-0.60) of terminating a pregnancy.
Conclusion
We found that women who are capable of taking reproductive health decisions are
more likely to terminate pregnancies. Our findings also suggest that age, level of
education, contraceptive use and intention, place of residence, and parity are
associated with pregnancy termination. Our findings call for the implementation of
policies or the strengthening of existing ones to empower women about RHDM
capacity. Such empowerment could have a positive impact on their uptake of safe
abortions. Achieving this will not only accelerate progress towards the achievement
of maternal health-related SDGs but would also immensely reduce the number of women
who die as a result of pregnancy termination in SSA.
C1 [Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Hubert, Amu; Agbemavi, Wonder; Armah-Ansah, Ebenezer Kwesi;
Budu, Eugene] Univ Cape Coast, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Qld, Australia.
[Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena] Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Hlth,
Australian Ctr Publ & Populat Hlth Res ACPPHR, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Hubert, Amu] Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Behav Sci,
Hohoe, Ghana.
[Sambah, Francis; Tackie, Vivian] Univ Cape Coast, Dept Hlth Phys Educ &
Recreat, Cape Coast, Ghana.
[Tackie, Vivian] Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Dept Publ
Hlth, Ho, Ghana.
C3 University of Cape Coast; James Cook University; University of
Technology Sydney; University of Cape Coast
RP Sambah, F (corresponding author), Univ Cape Coast, Dept Hlth Phys Educ &
Recreat, Cape Coast, Ghana.
EM sambahfrancis80@gmail.com
RI Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena/AFL-1447-2022; Amu, Hubert/H-9446-2019; Sambah,
Francis/AFD-4475-2022; Agbemavi, Wonder/AAO-3396-2021; Armah-Ansah,
Ebenezer Kwesi/AAI-1876-2021
OI Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena/0000-0002-6617-237X; Amu,
Hubert/0000-0003-0218-3843; Sambah, Francis/0000-0003-4245-7028;
Agbemavi, Wonder/0000-0001-5626-6543; Armah-Ansah, Ebenezer
Kwesi/0000-0002-8694-6125; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz/0000-0001-9734-9054
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NR 56
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUL 23
PY 2020
VL 15
IS 7
AR e0235329
PG 17
GA NX7VK
UT WOS:000575913700015
PM 32702035
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Alberti, J
Roca, M
Brodhag, C
Fullana-i-Palmer, P
AF Alberti, Jaume
Roca, Merce
Brodhag, Christian
Fullana-i-Palmer, Pere
TI Allocation and system boundary in life cycle assessments of cities
SO HABITAT INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Sustainability assessment; Systemic approach; City-level; Environmental
impacts; Urban regions; Method; Sustainable development; Holistic
approach; City definition
ID IMPACTS; EMISSIONS; TOOL
AB This article is a step forward in the definition of the goal and scope of city
Life Cycle Assessments (LCA). We contribute to city LCA by proposing procedures (i)
to set city boundaries and (ii) for allocating burdens among cities.
The study has been based on a systematic literature review of existing
guidelines and standards as well as academic work linked to system boundary
definition and to allocation procedures setting. Internationally accepted
guidelines provide a basis on how current city assessments should be performed.
LCA-based and LCA ISO 14040 compliant case studies of other types of systems
provide background knowledge to analyse the applicability of existing methods to
define the system boundaries and to apply allocation procedures to the case of a
city LCA. The analysis and proposal of procedures is complemented with a survey
sent to environmental and urban management researchers and specialists.
Geographical boundaries and functional boundaries compose the city LCA
boundaries. Three methods for setting the boundaries for a city LCA are proposed:
(i) administrative-based boundaries, defined by the area delineated for the purpose
of local administration; (ii) density-based boundaries, defined by the continuity
of the population density of an urban area; and (iii) service-based boundaries,
defined by the density-based boundaries plus those services induced by the city.
Four allocation methods are proposed: (i) monetary-based allocation, which uses
the added value generated at each stage in the life cycle to distribute the burden;
(ii) producer-based allocation, which assigns impacts to the city that holds the
production of the good; (iii) consumer-based allocation, which assigns impacts to
the city that hosts the final user/consumer of the good; and (iv) category-based
allocation, proposed by the authors, according to which, global impacts are
assigned to the city where consumption takes place, while local impacts are
allocated to the city where the impacts occur.
Density- and service-based boundaries are the most parsimonious as we see it is
the simplest way to simulate the complexity and interdependency of cities.
Geographical boundaries of a city LCA should be defined through the density-based
procedure, which should include cities, towns and suburbs connected with a
continuous density of population. However, the functional boundaries of the city
LCA should be defined through service-based procedure, which would help to include,
in the city system, those induced activities that happen out of the geographical
boundaries of the city.
The chosen allocation procedure should follow the causality principle between
the impact and the activity performed. The proposed method for allocating impacts
to the producer or the consumer, depending on whether the impact category under
consideration is local or global, has been found through a survey to be the most
preferred way to share responsibilities along the supply chain. Thus, the category-
based allocation procedure is the suggested one.
The survey results show how density- and service-based boundaries are the
preferred by the panel of experts, by giving best marks in lifelikeness and
accuracy. They also prefer the category-based allocation procedure, by giving best
marks in informativeness, lifelikeness, and accuracy, and second in influence.
C1 [Alberti, Jaume; Roca, Merce; Fullana-i-Palmer, Pere] Univ Pompeu Fabra, UNESCO
Chair Life Cycle & Climate Change ESCI UPF, Passeig Pujades 1, Barcelona 08003,
Spain.
[Roca, Merce] Univ Pompeu Fabra, ESCI UPF Res Int Studies & Econ RISE, Passeig
Pujades 1, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
[Brodhag, Christian] EMSE, 158 Cours Fauriel,CS 62362, F-42023 St Etienne 2,
France.
C3 Pompeu Fabra University; Pompeu Fabra University
RP Alberti, J (corresponding author), Univ Pompeu Fabra, UNESCO Chair Life Cycle &
Climate Change ESCI UPF, Passeig Pujades 1, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
EM jaume.alberti@esci.upf.edu
RI Roca, Mercè/AAA-8984-2022; Fullana-i-Palmer, Pere/J-6174-2013
OI Roca, Mercè/0000-0001-5975-0883; Fullana-i-Palmer,
Pere/0000-0003-0013-5098; Alberti, Jaume/0000-0002-8026-0835
FU UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change at ESCI-UPF
FX One of the authors (Alberti) wants to thank the UNESCO Chair in Life
Cycle and Climate Change at ESCI-UPF for funding his PhD thesis, being
this paper part of it. The Authors would like to thank the participation
of the international expert group in the survey part of this article.
The authors are responsible for the choice and presentation of the
information contained in this paper as well as for the opinions
expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not
commit this Organization.
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NR 64
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0197-3975
EI 1873-5428
J9 HABITAT INT
JI Habitat Int.
PD JAN
PY 2019
VL 83
BP 41
EP 54
DI 10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.11.003
PG 14
WC Development Studies; Environmental Studies; Regional & Urban Planning;
Urban Studies
SC Development Studies; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public
Administration; Urban Studies
GA HK3MN
UT WOS:000457820700005
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Kleczka, B
Musiega, A
Rabut, G
Wekesa, P
Mwaniki, P
Marx, M
Kumar, P
AF Kleczka, Bernadette
Musiega, Anita
Rabut, Grace
Wekesa, Phoebe
Mwaniki, Paul
Marx, Michael
Kumar, Pratap
TI Rubber stamp templates for improving clinical documentation: A
paper-based, m-Health approach for quality improvement in low-resource
settings
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE m-Health; Rubber stamp template; Frugal innovation; Clinical practice
guideline; Non-physician clinician
ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; OPTICAL MARK RECOGNITION; MOBILE-HEALTH;
PRIMARY-CARE; GUIDELINES; IMPLEMENTATION; PATIENT; RECORD; INFORMATION;
PERFORMANCE
AB Background: The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal #3.8 targets
'access to quality essential healthcare services'. Clinical practice guidelines are
an important tool for ensuring quality of clinical care, but many challenges
prevent their use in low-resource settings. Monitoring the use of guidelines relies
on cumbersome clinical audits of paper records, and electronic systems face
financial and other limitations. Here we describe a unique approach to generating
digital data from paper using guideline-based templates, rubber stamps and mobile
phones.
Intervention: The Guidelines Adherence in Slums Project targeted ten private
sector primary healthcare clinics serving informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.
Each clinic was provided with rubber stamp templates to support documentation and
management of commonly encountered outpatient conditions. Participatory design
methods were used to customize templates to the workflows and infrastructure of
each clinic. Rubber stamps were used to print templates into paper charts,
providing clinicians with checklists for use during consultations. Templates used
bubble format data entry, which could be digitized from images taken on mobile
phones. Besides rubber stamp templates, the intervention included booklets of
guideline compilations, one Android phone for digitizing images of templates, and
one data feedback/continuing medical education session per clinic each month. In
this paper we focus on the effect of the intervention on documentation of three
non-communicable diseases in one clinic.
Methods: Seventy charts of patients enrolled in the chronic disease program
(hypertension/diabetes, n = 867; chronic respiratory diseases, n = 223) at one of
the ten intervention clinics were sampled. Documentation of each individual patient
encounter in the pre-intervention (January-March 2016) and post-intervention period
(May-July) was scored for information in four dimensions - general data, patient
assessment, testing, and management. Control criteria included information with no
counterparts in templates (e.g. notes on presenting complaints, vital signs).
Documentation scores for each patient were compared between both pre- and
postintervention periods and between encounters documented with and without
templates (post-intervention only).
Results: The total number of patient encounters in the pre- intervention (282)
and post-intervention periods (264) did not differ. Mean documentation scores
increased significantly in the post-intervention period on average by 21%, 24% and
17% for hypertension, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, respectively.
Differences were greater (47%, 43% and 27%, respectively) when documentation with
and without templates was compared. Changes between pre- vs. post-intervention, and
with vs. without template, varied between individual dimensions of documentation.
Overall, documentation improved more for general data and patient assessment than
in testing or management.
Conclusion: The use of templates improves paper-based documentation of patient
care, a first step towards improving the quality of care. Rubber stamps provide a
simple and low-cost method to print templates on demand. In combination with
ubiquitously available mobile phones, information entered on paper can be easily
and rapidly digitized. This 'frugal innovation' in m-Health can empower small,
private sector facilities, where large numbers of urban patients seek healthcare,
to generate digital data on routine outpatient care. These data can form the basis
for evidence-based quality improvement efforts at large scale, and help deliver on
the SDG promise of quality essential healthcare services for all.
C1 [Kleczka, Bernadette; Rabut, Grace; Kumar, Pratap] Hlth E Net Ltd, Nairobi,
Kenya.
[Kleczka, Bernadette; Marx, Michael] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth,
Heidelberg, Germany.
[Musiega, Anita; Wekesa, Phoebe; Kumar, Pratap] Strathmore Business Sch, Inst
Healthcare Management, POB 59857-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Mwaniki, Paul] KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
C3 Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
RP Kumar, P (corresponding author), Strathmore Business Sch, Inst Healthcare
Management, POB 59857-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
EM pkumar@strathmore.edu
OI Mwaniki, Paul/0000-0003-0359-8426; Kumar, Pratap/0000-0002-9807-3579;
Kleczka, Bernadette/0000-0001-7238-0311; Musiega,
Anita/0000-0001-6765-295X
FU Health Systems Research Initiative - Department for International
Development (DFID) [MR/N005015/1]; Economic and Social Research Council
(ESRC); Medical Research Council (MRC); Wellcome Trust (WT); CEI
(Italian Episcopal Conference) [731/2014]; Tuscany Region;
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust; MRC [MR/N005015/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Medical
Research Council [MR/N005015/1] Funding Source: researchfish
FX PK, AM, MN and PW are funded by Health Systems Research Initiative
grants (MR/N005015/1) jointly supported by the Department for
International Development (DFID), the Economic and Social Research
Council (ESRC), the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Wellcome
Trust (WT). BK and GR were funded by the following grants to the World
Friends Onlus: The 'In Buone Mani' (In good hands) project (731/2014)
funded by the CEI (Italian Episcopal Conference); The F.A.R.E.
(Facilities, Advancement and Referral Enhancement) project funded by the
Tuscany Region. PM is funded by the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust. We acknowledge
guidance from Philip Ayieko on data analysis strategies and Meghan
Kumar's comments on the final manuscript. We thank Amici del Mondo World
Friends Onlus for their support in testing of early-stage concepts. We
thank the staff and management of GASP intervention clinics, and Baraka
Health Centre specifically, for their participation in the study.
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Wildeman MA, 2011, TRIALS, V12, DOI 10.1186/1745-6215-12-190
NR 42
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 46
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 1386-5056
EI 1872-8243
J9 INT J MED INFORM
JI Int. J. Med. Inform.
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 114
BP 121
EP 129
DI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.10.014
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services;
Medical Informatics
(SSCI)
SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics
GA GD0EM
UT WOS:000430172700017
PM 29107565
OA Green Accepted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Macpherson, L
Collins, M
AF Macpherson, Laura
Collins, Maggie
TI Training responsibly to improve global surgical and anaesthesia capacity
through institutional health partnerships: a case study
SO TROPICAL DOCTOR
LA English
DT Review
DE Human resources for health; health training institutions; surgery and
anaesthesia care
AB Background Urgent investment in human resources for surgical and anaesthesia
care is needed globally. Responsible training and education is required to ensure
healthcare providers are confident and skilled in the delivery of this care in both
the rural and the urban setting. The Tropical Health and Education Trust (THET), a
UK-based specialist global health organisation, is working with health training
institutions, health professionals, Ministries of Health and Health Partnerships or
links' between healthcare institutions in the UK and low- or middle-income country
(LMIC) counterparts. These institutions may be hospitals, professional associations
or universities whose primary focus is delivery of health services or the training
and education of health workers. Since 2011, THET has been delivering the Health
Partnership Scheme (HPS), a UK government-funded programme that provides grants and
guidance to health partnerships and promotes the voluntary engagement of UK health
professionals overseas. To date, the 30 million Scheme has supported peer-to-peer
collaborations involving more than 200 UK and overseas hospitals, universities and
professional associations across 25 countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
Case description In this paper, we focus on four partnerships that are
undertaking training initiatives focused on building capacity for surgery and
anaesthesia. In order to do so, we discuss their role as a responsible and
effective approach to harnessing the expertise available in the UK in order to
increase surgical and anaesthesia capacity in LMICs. Specifically, how well they:
(1) respond to locally identified needs; (2) are appropriate to the local context
and are of high quality; and (3) have an overarching goal of making a sustainable
contribution to the development of the health workforce through education and
training.
Discussion The HPS has now supported 24 training initiatives focused on building
capacity for surgery and anaesthesia in 16 countries across sub-Saharan Africa,
Asia and the Middle East. THET argues that these initiatives are both responsible
and effective. The four partnerships featured in this paper have demonstrated not
only their effectiveness in increasing health worker skills and knowledge, but have
done so across a variety of surgical and anaesthesia disciplines and within
different contexts. This wide reach and applicability of partnership initiatives
adds even greater value to their use as responsible training interventions. One
challenge that has faced these partnerships has been the capture of improvements to
patient outcomes as a result of improved practice. To counteract the problems of
data collection, partnerships are collecting anecdotal evidence of improvements at
the patient outcome level.
Conclusion The interventions supported by THET have been able to demonstrate
success in improving health worker skills and knowledge, and albeit to a lesser
extent, in improving patient outcomes. The implementing partners are achieving
these successes by training responsibly: responding to locally identified need,
implementing projects that are appropriate to the local context and are of high
quality, and establishing mechanisms that ensure self-sufficiency of the health
worker training and education that is delivered. Greater investment in responsible
training initiatives such as these are required to address the significant lack of
access to appropriate and safe surgical and anaesthesia interventions when needed
and the growing burden of disease.
C1 [Macpherson, Laura; Collins, Maggie] Trop Hlth & Educ Trust, 1 Wimpole St,
London W1G 0AE, England.
RP Macpherson, L (corresponding author), Trop Hlth & Educ Trust, 1 Wimpole St,
London W1G 0AE, England.
EM laura.macpherson@thet.org
CR Jones FAE, 2013, GLOBALIZATION HEALTH, V9, DOI 10.1186/1744-8603-9-38
Kolstad JR, 2011, HEALTH ECON, V20, P196, DOI 10.1002/hec.1581
Meara JG, 2015, LANCET, V386, P569, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60160-X
Mwanika A, 2011, BMC INT HEALTH HUM R, V11, DOI 10.1186/1472-698X-11-S1-S5
NR 4
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 9
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0049-4755
EI 1758-1133
J9 TROP DOCT
JI Trop. Dr.
PD JAN
PY 2017
VL 47
IS 1
BP 73
EP 77
DI 10.1177/0049475516665999
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA EF8DC
UT WOS:000390557700024
PM 27578856
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Ishikawa, Y
Murata, M
Kawaguchi, T
AF Ishikawa, Yuriko
Murata, Michihiro
Kawaguchi, Tomoya
TI Globally applicable water quality simulation model for river basin
chemical risk assessment
LA English
DT Article
DE River water and sediment concentration; Chemical substances; Spatial and
temporal estimation; Unsteady analysis model; Water risk assessment;
Carbon disclosure project (CDP) water program
ID THE-DRAIN CHEMICALS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; FATE; LAS
AB Many companies around the world need to assess water environmental risks in
accordance with sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations,
environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment, the Carbon Disclosure
Project (CDP) water program, and also their corporate social responsibility (CSR)
activities. Although companies have been requested to voluntarily evaluate their
water risks and provide information thereon, the water quality risk in river basins
is difficult to assess owing to insufficient monitoring information. This paper
proposes the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology -
Standardized Hydrology-based AssessmeNt tool for chemical Exposure Load (AIST-
SHANEL) model as a river water quality simulation model that can be employed for
chemical risk assessment and evaluation of the effects of use of a company's
consumer products on river basins. AIST-SHANEL is the only unsteady analysis model
that estimates spatial and temporal chemical concentrations and assesses water
quality within river basins by point/non-point emission of chemical substances. To
evaluate the efficacy of AIST-SHANEL, a case study focused on the surfactant linear
alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), found in the detergents of widely used health care
products, was conducted. The water risk assessment was performed in three Japanese
river basins with different watershed characteristics: Tama River in urban Tokyo
with high sewerage penetration rate, Nikko River in urban Nagoya with a low
sewerage penetration rate, and the nonurban None River with no sewerage. In Tama
River, the LAS river water concentrations were found to be strongly influenced by
seasonal variations as well as the flow rate associated with dilution and
temperature-induced biodegradation. Their concentrations in Nikko River were
strongly affected by flooding, indicating that the influence on their transport
through the drainage channel was due more to low sewage levels than temperature-
induced biodegradation. In None River, the LAS river water concentrations were only
slightly affected by dilution. The river sediment concentrations of LAS in the
three river basins showed mild seasonal variations. The 95th percentile of river
water concentrations, predicted environmental concentration (PEC), at the most
downstream and maximum concentration grids in the three river basins were 4.5 and
51.2 mg/m(3) for Tama River, 30 and 58.6 mg/m(3) for Nikko River, and 0.15 mg/m(3)
for None River. Neither of the PECs nor maximum values at these grids exceeded the
predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of LAS (270 mg/m(3)), suggesting minimal
ecological risk in these river basins over the year for all target river basins due
to LAS. Furthermore, we analyzed a scenario in which LAS was substituted with the
highly biodegradable alcohol ethoxylates (AE) for corporate self-management
measures in Nikko River with only a few sewers, and therefore only a low risk. The
AIST-SHANEL model has useful and widespread application with no need for monitoring
by companies; as long as the relevant watershed characteristics can be obtained,
water risk assessments of chemical substances can be performed for any river basin
in the world. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ishikawa, Yuriko] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 3058569, Japan.
[Murata, Michihiro; Kawaguchi, Tomoya] Nihon Suido Consultants Co Ltd NSC,
Shinjuku Ku, 22-1 Nishi Shinjuku 6 Chome, Tokyo 1631122, Japan.
C3 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST)
RP Ishikawa, Y (corresponding author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 16-1
Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan.
EM y-ishikawa@aist.go.jp
RI Ishikawa, Yuriko/L-8085-2018
OI Ishikawa, Yuriko/0000-0002-0550-8458
CR Bureau of Environment Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 2015, WAT QUAL MEAS RES FY
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), 2017, TURN TID TRACK CORP
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), 2017, CDP JAP 500 WAT REP
CDP, 2016, THIRST BUS WHY WAT I
*CEO WAT MAND, 2017, EXPL CAS CORP CONT B
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POI
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GWT
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NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 105
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
J9 J CLEAN PROD
JI J. Clean Prod.
PD DEC 1
PY 2019
VL 239
AR 118027
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118027
PG 15
& Ecology
GA IZ7AO
UT WOS:000487237100079
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Tesema, GA
Mekonnen, TH
Teshale, AB
AF Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn
Mekonnen, Tesfaye Hambisa
Teshale, Achamyeleh Birhanu
TI Individual and community-level determinants, and spatial distribution of
institutional delivery in Ethiopia, 2016: Spatial and multilevel
analysis
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; SERVICE UTILIZATION; HEALTH; DISTRICT; WOMEN; CARE
AB Background
Institutional delivery is an important indicator in monitoring the progress
towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 to reduce the global maternal mortality
ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. Despite the international focus on
reducing maternal mortality, progress has been low, particularly in Sub-Saharan
Africa (SSA), with more than 295,000 mothers still dying during pregnancy and
childbirth every year. Institutional delivery has been varied across and within the
country. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the individual and community
level determinants, and spatial distribution of institutional delivery in Ethiopia.
Methods
A secondary data analysis was done based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and
Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total weighted sample of 11,022 women was included in
this study. For spatial analysis, ArcGIS version 10.6 statistical software was used
to explore the spatial distribution of institutional delivery, and SaTScan version
9.6 software was used to identify significant hotspot areas of institutional
delivery. For the determinants, a multilevel binary logistic regression analysis
was fitted to take to account the hierarchical nature of EDHS data. The Intra-class
Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio (MOR), Proportional Change in
Variance (PCV), and deviance (-2LL) were used for model comparison and for checking
model fitness. Variables with p-values<0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted
in the multivariable multilevel model. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95%
Confidence Interval (CI) were used to declare significant determinant of
institutional delivery.
Results
The spatial analysis showed that the spatial distribution of institutional
delivery was significantly varied across the country [global Moran's I = 0.04
(p<0.05)]. The SaTScan analysis identified significant hotspot areas of poor
institutional delivery in Harari, south Oromia and most parts of Somali regions. In
the multivariable multilevel analysis; having 2-4 births (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.34-
0.68) and >4 births (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.32-0.74), preceding birth interval >= 48
months (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.03-2.20), being poorer (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.10-
2.30) and richest wealth status (AOR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.54-3.87), having primary
education (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.16-1.87), secondary and higher education (AOR =
3.44; 95% CI: 2.19-5.42), having 1-3 ANC visits (AOR = 3.88; 95% CI: 2.77-5.43) and
>4 ANC visits (AOR = 6.53; 95% CI: 4.69-9.10) were significant individual-level
determinants of institutional delivery while being living in Addis Ababa city (AOR
= 3.13; 95% CI: 1.77-5.55), higher community media exposure (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI:
1.44-2.79) and being living in urban area (AOR = 4.70; 95% CI: 2.70-8.01) were
significant community-level determinants of institutional delivery.
Conclusions
Institutional delivery was low in Ethiopia. The spatial distribution of
institutional delivery was significantly varied across the country. Residence,
region, maternal education, wealth status, ANC visit, preceding birth interval, and
community media exposure were found to be significant determinants of institutional
delivery. Therefore, public health interventions should be designed in the hotspot
areas where institutional delivery was low to reduce maternal and newborn mortality
by enhancing maternal education, ANC visit, and community media exposure.
C1 [Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn; Teshale, Achamyeleh Birhanu] Univ Gondar, Coll
Med & Hlth Sci, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia.
[Mekonnen, Tesfaye Hambisa] Univ Gondar, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Inst Publ Hlth,
Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth & Safety, Gondar, Ethiopia.
C3 University of Gondar; University of Gondar
RP Tesema, GA (corresponding author), Univ Gondar, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Inst Publ
Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia.
EM getayenehantehunegn@gmail.com
RI Mekonnen, Tesfaye/GQP-8197-2022; Mekonnen, Tesfaye/ABB-4922-2021;
Teshale, Achamyeleh/HHN-8416-2022
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TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 2
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD NOV 12
PY 2020
VL 15
IS 11
AR e0242242
PG 22
GA OY0MJ
UT WOS:000593948000093
PM 33180845
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Reuter, MA
AF Reuter, Markus A.
TI Digitalizing the Circular Economy
SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND
MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID RECYCLING RATE; FURNACE; OPTIMIZATION; DYNAMICS; DESIGN; COPPER; LIMITS;
SCRAP; SLAG
AB Metallurgy is a key enabler of a circular economy (CE), its digitalization is
the metallurgical Internet of Things (m-IoT). In short: Metallurgy is at the heart
of a CE, as metals all have strong intrinsic recycling potentials. Process
metallurgy, as a key enabler for a CE, will help much to deliver its goals. The
first-principles models of process engineering help quantify the resource
efficiency (RE) of the CE system, connecting all stakeholders via digitalization.
This provides well-argued and first-principles environmental information to empower
a tax paying consumer society, policy, legislators, and environmentalists. It
provides the details of capital expenditure and operational expenditure estimates.
Through this path, the opportunities and limits of a CE, recycling, and its
technology can be estimated. The true boundaries of sustainability can be
determined in addition to the techno-economic evaluation of RE. The integration of
metallurgical reactor technology and systems digitally, not only on one site but
linking different sites globally via hardware, is the basis for describing CE
systems as dynamic feedback control loops, i.e., the m-IoT. It is the linkage of
the global carrier metallurgical processing system infrastructure that maximizes
the recovery of all minor and technology elements in its associated refining
metallurgical infrastructure. This will be illustrated through the following: (1)
System optimization models for multimetal metallurgical processing. These map
large-scale m-IoT systems linked to computer-aided design tools of the original
equipment manufacturers and then establish a recycling index through the
quantification of RE. (2) Reactor optimization and industrial system solutions to
realize the "CE (within a) Corporation-CEC," realizing the CE of society. (3) Real-
time measurement of ore and scrap properties in intelligent plant structures,
linked to the modeling, simulation, and optimization of industrial extractive
process metallurgical reactors and plants for both primary and secondary materials
processing. (4) Big-data analysis and process control of industrial metallurgical
systems, processes, and reactors by the application of, among others, artificial
intelligence techniques and computer-aided engineering. (5) Minerals processing and
process metallurgical theory, technology, simulation, and analytical tools, which
are all key enablers of the CE. (6) Visualizing the results of all the tools used
for estimating the RE of the CE system in a form that the consumer and general
public can understand. (7) The smart integration of tools and methods that quantify
RE and deliver sustainable solutions, named in this article as circular economy
engineering. In view of space limitations, this message will be colored in by
various publications also with students and colleagues, referring to (often
commercial) software that acts as a conduit to capture and formalize the research
of the large body of work in the literature by distinguished metallurgical
engineers and researchers and realized in innovative industrial solutions. The
author stands humbly on the shoulders of these developments and their distinguished
developers. This award lecture article implicitly also refers to work done while
working for Ausmelt (Australia), Outotec (Finland and Australia), Mintek (South
Africa), and Anglo American Corporation (South Africa), honoring the many
colleagues the author has worked with over the years. (C) The Minerals, Metals &
Materials Society and ASM International 2016
C1 [Reuter, Markus A.] Helmholtz Inst Freiberg Resource Technol, Chemnitzer Str 40,
D-09599 Freiberg, Germany.
C3 Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
RP Reuter, MA (corresponding author), Helmholtz Inst Freiberg Resource Technol,
Chemnitzer Str 40, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany.
EM m.reuter@hzdr.de
RI Reuter, Markus/M-5565-2019
OI Reuter, Markus/0000-0003-0500-4863
FU International Solid Waste Association
FX Markus A. Reuter has been Director with the Helmholtz Institute Freiberg
for Resource Technology since September 2015. He earned an honorary
doctorate (Dr. h.c.) from the University of Liege (Belgium); D Eng. and
PhD from Stellenbosch University (South Africa); and Dr. habil. from
RWTH Aachen (Germany). Dr. Reuterwas Chief Technologist with Ausmelt
Australia and Director of Technology Management at Outotec Finland from
2006 to 2015 (Ausmelt was acquired byOutotec in 2010). He was also with
Mintek (managing the furnace control group) and Anglo American
Corporation (South Africa). He was Professor at TU Delft (Netherlands)
from 1996 to 2005. Dr. Reuter has held honorary and adjunct
professorships since 2005 at Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg
(Germany); Aalto University (Finland); Central South University (China);
and Melbourne University (Australia). His publications include "Metrics
of Material and Metal Ecology" (main author) (Elsevier); co-editor and
author of Handbook of Recycling (Elsevier), which was awarded the First
Publication Prize 2014 from the International Solid Waste Association);
and lead author of the 2013 UNEP report, Metal Recycling: Opportunities,
Limits, Infrastructure. He has publications in journals, conference
proceedings, and encyclopedias, which can be found at
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Markus_Reuter3. Dr. Reuter's recent
awards include the 2016TMS EPD Distinguished Lecture Award and 2015-2016
SME Henry Krumb Lecturer.
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NR 80
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 4
U2 89
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1073-5615
EI 1543-1916
J9 METALL MATER TRANS B
JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2016
VL 47
IS 6
BP 3194
EP 3220
DI 10.1007/s11663-016-0735-5
PG 27
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA EE7MC
UT WOS:000389800800002
OA Bronze
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Lalancette, N
Blaus, LL
Engel, P
AF Lalancette, Norman
Blaus, Lorna L.
Engel, Peninah
TI Refinement of Peach Cover Spray Programs for Management of Brown Rot at
Harvest
SO PLANT DISEASE
LA English
DT Article
DE chemical disease management; fruit; fungi; tree fruits
ID MONILINIA-FRUCTICOLA RESISTANT; LATENT INFECTION; FRUIT; FUNGICIDE;
EPIDEMICS
AB Peach cover spray applications of the protectant fungicide captan were
previously shown to significantly reduce brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola
during the preharvest fruit ripening periods in the 2012 through 2015 growing
seasons. The protectants sulfur, ziram, and thiram failed to yield this benefit.
Percentage disease control with captan ranged from 50 to 69%. Results of a bioassay
indicated that the mechanism for this control was the creation of an effective,
persistent fungicide residue on the fruit surface. Given these findings, the
current 2017 to 2018 study was initiated to further refine the cover spray program.
Cover spray applications of captan were made at lower rates and fewer timings with
the goal of minimizing fungicide usage while maintaining control. High
concentrations of the protectants sulfur and ziram were also examined in cover
spray programs to determine whether greater concentrations could improve control.
Results of the captan treatments from both years showed that the concentration
could be reduced 17%, from 3.36 to 2.80 kg/ha active ingredient, without a
significant increase in rot at harvest. Disease control at this medium rate was 69%
in 2017 and 51% in 2018. The late season timing treatment, which consisted of the
final two cover sprays at fifth and sixth cover, significantly reduced brown rot at
harvest and provided control equivalent to the full cover spray program consisting
of seven applications. Thus, a buildup of residue from many cover sprays is not
needed to achieve control. As hypothesized, the midseason treatments, which
consisted of two sprays at third and fourth cover, did not provide control of brown
rot at harvest. The bioassay confirmed that insufficient residue remained on fruit
for adequate control. However, the early season treatment, which consisted of
sprays at shuck split, first cover, and second cover, provided 40% control, even
though the bioassay showed that an effective residue was not present during the
preharvest period. Brown rot management for this treatment was probably caused by
inhibition of quiescent or latent infections on young green fruit. If confirmed,
this novel finding indicates that high levels of latent infections are possible in
eastern U.S. peach growing regions. Finally, higher rates of sulfur and ziram cover
sprays were still ineffective for providing brown rot control at harvest.
Comparison of half maximal effective concentration values calculated from the
doseresponse models confirmed that the sulfur and ziram intrinsic efficacies were
too low for adequate control, even at the highest registered rates. These findings
demonstrated that late season captan cover sprays can contribute significantly to
control of brown rot at harvest, thereby augmenting the efficacy of preharvest
fungicide programs. The year-to-year consistency of control should also be improved
because heavy rainfall during the preharvest period did not reduce control by the
captan residue. Furthermore, any reduction of the M. fructicola population by the
captan cover sprays should reduce selection pressure against the site-specific
fungicides commonly used during the preharvest period. The development of
resistance to captan, a multisite protectant fungicide, is not likely, so this
resistance management strategy should be sustainable.
C1 [Lalancette, Norman; Blaus, Lorna L.; Engel, Peninah] Rutgers State Univ,
Rutgers Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Biol, Bridgeton, NJ 08302 USA.
C3 Rutgers State University New Brunswick
RP Lalancette, N (corresponding author), Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Agr Res &
Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Biol, Bridgeton, NJ 08302 USA.
EM lalancette@njaes.rutgers.edu
FU U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and
Agriculture Hatch Project [NJ12162]; Pennsylvania Peach and Nectarine
Research Program
FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project
NJ12162 and by the Pennsylvania Peach and Nectarine Research Program.
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WILSON EE, 1979, FUNGAL BACTERIAL CER
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0191-2917
EI 1943-7692
J9 PLANT DIS
JI PLANT DIS.
PD MAY
PY 2020
VL 104
IS 5
BP 1527
EP 1533
DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0888-RE
PG 7
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA LK3BS
UT WOS:000530736500030
PM 32105573
OA hybrid
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Kyu, HH
Maddison, ER
Henry, NJ
Ledesma, JR
Wiens, KE
Reiner, R
Biehl, MH
Shields, C
Osgood-Zimmerman, A
Ross, JM
Carter, A
Frank, TD
Wang, HD
Srinivasan, V
Abebe, Z
Agarwal, SK
Alahdab, F
Alene, KA
Ali, BA
Alvis-Guzman, N
Andrews, JR
Antonio, CAT
Atique, S
Atre, SR
Awasthi, A
Ayele, HT
Badali, H
Badawi, A
Barac, A
Bedi, N
Behzadifar, M
Behzadifar, M
Bekele, BB
Belay, SA
Bensenor, IM
Butt, ZA
Carvalho, F
Cercy, K
Christopher, DJ
Daba, AK
Dandona, L
Dandona, R
Daryani, A
Demeke, FM
Deribe, K
Dharmaratne, SD
Doku, DT
Dubey, M
Edessa, D
El-Khatib, Z
Enany, S
Fernandes, E
Fischer, F
Garcia-Basteiro, AL
Gebre, AK
Gebregergs, GB
Gebremichael, TG
Gelano, TF
Geremew, D
Gona, PN
Goodridge, A
Gupta, R
Bidgoli, HH
Hailu, GB
Hassen, HY
Hedayati, MTT
Henok, A
Hostiuc, S
Hussen, MA
Ilesanmi, OS
Irvani, SSN
Jacobsen, KH
Johnson, SC
Jonas, JB
Kahsay, A
Kant, S
Kasaeian, A
Kassa, TD
Khader, YS
Khafaie, MA
Khalil, I
Khan, EA
Khang, YH
Kim, YJ
Kochhar, S
Koyanagi, A
Krohn, KJ
Kumar, GA
Lakew, AM
Leshargie, CT
Lodha, R
Macarayan, ERK
Majdzadeh, R
Martins-Melo, FR
Melese, A
Memish, ZA
Mendoza, W
Mengistu, DT
Mengistu, G
Mestrovic, T
Moazen, B
Mohammad, KA
Mohammed, S
Mokdad, AH
Moosazadeh, M
Mousavi, SM
Mustafa, G
Nachega, JB
Nguyen, LH
Nguyen, SH
Nguyen, TH
Ningrum, DNA
Nirayo, YL
Nong, VM
Ofori-Asenso, R
Ogbo, FA
Oh, IH
Oladimeji, O
Olagunju, AT
Oren, E
Pereira, DM
Prakash, S
Qorbani, M
Rafay, A
Rai, RK
Ram, U
Rubino, S
Safiri, S
Salomon, JA
Samy, AM
Sartorius, B
Satpathy, M
Seyedmousavi, S
Sharif, M
Silva, JP
Silveira, DGA
Singh, JA
Sreeramareddy, CT
Tran, BX
Tsadik, AG
Ukwaja, KN
Ullah, I
Uthman, OA
Vlassov, V
Vollset, SE
Vu, G
Weldegebreal, F
Werdecker, A
Yimer, EM
Yonemoto, N
Yotebieng, M
Naghavi, M
Vos, T
Hay, SI
Murray, CJL
AF Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
Maddison, Emilie R.
Henry, Nathaniel J.
Ledesma, Jorge R.
Wiens, Kirsten E.
Reiner, Robert, Jr.
Biehl, Molly H.
Shields, Chloe
Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron
Ross, Jennifer M.
Carter, Austin
Frank, Tahvi D.
Wang, Haidong
Srinivasan, Vinay
Abebe, Zegeye
Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar
Alahdab, Fares
Alene, Kefyalew Addis
Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir
Andrews, Jason R.
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
Atique, Suleman
Atre, Sachin R.
Awasthi, Ashish
Ayele, Henok Tadesse
Badali, Hamid
Badawi, Alaa
Barac, Aleksandra
Bedi, Neeraj
Behzadifar, Masoud
Behzadifar, Meysam
Bekele, Bayu Begashaw
Belay, Saba Abraham
Bensenor, Isabela M.
Butt, Zahid A.
Carvalho, Felix
Cercy, Kelly
Christopher, Devasahayam J.
Daba, Alemneh Kabeta
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Daryani, Ahmad
Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen
Deribe, Kebede
Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
Doku, David Teye
Dubey, Manisha
Edessa, Dumessa
El-Khatib, Ziad
Enany, Shymaa
Fernandes, Eduarda
Fischer, Florian
Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
Gebre, Abadi Kahsu
Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe
Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo
Gelano, Tilayie Feto
Geremew, Demeke
Gona, Philimon N.
Goodridge, Amador
Gupta, Rahul
Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast
Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
Hassen, Hamid Yimam
Hedayati, Mohammad T. Tadesse
Henok, Andualem
Hostiuc, Sorin
Hussen, Mamusha Aman
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
Jacobsen, Kathryn H.
Johnson, Sarah C.
Jonas, Jost B.
Kahsay, Amaha
Kant, Surya
Kasaeian, Amir
Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
Khalil, Ibrahim
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Khang, Young-Ho
Kim, Yun Jin
Kochhar, Sonali
Koyanagi, Ai
Krohn, Kristopher J.
Kumar, G. Anil
Lakew, Ayenew Molla
Leshargie, Cheru Tesema
Lodha, Rakesh
Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King
Majdzadeh, Reza
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio
Melese, Addisu
Memish, Ziad A.
Mendoza, Walter
Mengistu, Getnet
Mestrovic, Tomislav
Moazen, Babak
Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
Mohammed, Shafiu
Mokdad, Ali H.
Moosazadeh, Mahmood
Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
Mustafa, Ghulam
Nachega, Jean B.
Long Hoang Nguyen
Son Hoang Nguyen
Trang Huyen Nguyen
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
Nirayo, Yirga Legesse
Vuong Minh Nong
Ofori-Asenso, Richard
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
Oh, In-Hwan
Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
Olagunju, Andrew T.
Oren, Eyal
Pereira, David M.
Prakash, Swayam
Qorbani, Mostafa
Rafay, Anwar
Rai, Rajesh Kumar
Ram, Usha
Rubino, Salvatore
Safiri, Saeid
Salomon, Joshua A.
Samy, Abdallah M.
Sartorius, Benn
Satpathy, Maheswar
Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba
Sharif, Mehdi
Silva, Joao Pedro
Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves
Singh, Jasvinder A.
Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.
Tran, Bach Xuan
Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel
Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
Ullah, Irfan
Uthman, Olalekan A.
Vlassov, Vasily
Vollset, Stein Emil
Vu, Giang
Weldegebreal, Fitsum
Werdecker, Andrea
Yimer, Ebrahim M.
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Yotebieng, Marcel
Naghavi, Mohsen
Theo Vos
Hay, Simon I.
CA GBD TB Collaborators
TI Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis, 1990-2016:
results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors
2016 Study
SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SYSTEMATIC
ANALYSIS; XPERT MTB/RIF; ALL-CAUSE; CARE; COUNTRIES; DEATH; HIV
AB Background Although a preventable and treatable disease, tuberculosis causes
more than a million deaths each year. As countries work towards achieving the
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target to end the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030,
robust assessments of the levels and trends of the burden of tuberculosis are
crucial to inform policy and programme decision making. We assessed the levels and
trends in the fatal and non-fatal burden of tuberculosis by drug resistance and HIV
status for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.
Methods We analysed 15 943 site-years of vital registration data, 1710 site-
years of verbal autopsy data, 764 site-years of sample-based vital registration
data, and 361 site-years of mortality surveillance data to estimate mortality due
to tuberculosis using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed all available
data sources, including annual case notifications, prevalence surveys, population-
based tuberculin surveys, and estimated tuberculosis cause-specific mortality to
generate internally consistent estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality
using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We assessed how the burden of
tuberculosis differed from the burden predicted by the Socio-demographic Index
(SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, average years of schooling, and
total fertility rate.
Findings Globally in 2016, among HIV-negative individuals, the number of
incident cases of tuberculosis was 9.02 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]
8.05-10.16) and the number of tuberculosis deaths was 1.21 million (1.16-1.27).
Among HIV-positive individuals, the number of incident cases was 1.40 million
(1.01-1.89) and the number of tuberculosis deaths was 0.24 million (0.16-0.31).
Globally, among HIV-negative individuals the agestandardised incidence of
tuberculosis decreased annually at a slower rate (-1.3% [-1.5 to-1.2]) than
mortality did (-4.5% [-5.0 to-4.1]) from 2006 to 2016. Among HIV-positive
individuals during the same period, the rate of change in annualised age-
standardised incidence was-4.0% (-4.5 to -3.7) and mortality was-8.9% (-9.5 to-
8.4). Several regions had higher rates of age-standardised incidence and mortality
than expected on the basis of their SDI levels in 2016. For drug-susceptible
tuberculosis, the highest observed-to-expected ratios were in southern sub-Saharan
Africa (13.7 for incidence and 14.9 for mortality), and the lowest ratios were in
high-income North America (0.4 for incidence) and Oceania (0.3 for mortality). For
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, eastern Europe had the highest observed-to-
expected ratios (67.3 for incidence and 73.0 for mortality), and high-income North
America had the lowest ratios (0.4 for incidence and 0.5 for mortality).
Interpretation If current trends in tuberculosis incidence continue, few
countries are likely to meet the SDG target to end the tuberculosis epidemic by
2030. Progress needs to be accelerated by improving the quality of and access to
tuberculosis diagnosis and care, by developing new tools, scaling up interventions
to prevent risk factors for tuberculosis, and integrating control programmes for
tuberculosis and HIV. Copyright 2018 (c) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Sydney University; Kyung Hee University; Human Sciences Research
Council-South Africa; University of Namibia; University of Adelaide;
University of Lagos; California State University System; San Diego State
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Knowledge Bank (EKB); Ain Shams University; University of Kwazulu Natal;
Utkal University; Islamic Azad University; Universidade de Brasilia;
University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham;
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International Medical University Malaysia; Hanoi Medical University;
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RP Murray, CJL (corresponding author), Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121
USA.
EM cjlm@uw.edu
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Aleksandra/W-9785-2019; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi/O-2413-2018; Yimer,
Ebrahim M./N-4597-2018; Ayele, Henok Tadesse/AAA-5856-2019; Ullah,
Irfan/L-5150-2017; Melese, Addisu/S-3175-2017; Antonio, Carl
Abelardo/AAP-4280-2020; Satpathy, Maheswar/J-3135-2017; Qorbani,
Mostafa/M-8171-2017; T., Olagunju Andrew/B-4746-2017; Pereira,
David/M-9286-2013; Naohiro, Yonemoto/Y-3761-2019; Weldegebreal,
Fitsum/AAU-4318-2021; Memish, Ziad Ahmed/AEJ-9424-2022; Henry,
Nathaniel/ABD-4631-2020; Goodridge, Amador/Q-7109-2019; Ukwaja, Kingsley
N./A-7794-2013; El-Khatib, Ziad/B-5161-2017; Yotebieng,
Marcel/L-2083-2013; Jacobsen, Kathryn/B-5857-2008; Fernandes,
Eduarda/D-4943-2013; Uthman, Olalekan/P-7916-2014; moosazadeh,
mahmood/F-3730-2017
OI Oladimeji, Olanrewaju/0000-0002-5356-901X; Samy,
Abdallah/0000-0003-3978-1134; Alene, Dr Kefyalew
Addis/0000-0002-1904-4682; Daryani, Ahmad/0000-0001-8571-5803; Carvalho,
Félix/0000-0003-3858-3494; Salomon, Joshua/0000-0003-3929-5515;
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson/0000-0001-9458-864X; Hassen, Hamid
Y./0000-0001-6485-4193; Geremew, Demeke/0000-0001-8493-1512; Abebe,
Zegeye/0000-0001-6922-0376; Ram, Usha/0000-0001-6722-7347; Atique,
Suleman/0000-0002-5149-0703; Mohammed, Shafiu/0000-0001-5715-966X;
Badali, Hamid/0000-0002-6010-8414; Singh, Jasvinder/0000-0003-3485-0006;
Enany, Shymaa/0000-0002-7827-6504; Hedayati, Mohammad
T./0000-0001-6415-4648; Koyanagi, Ai/0000-0002-9565-5004; Kasaeian,
Amir/0000-0003-2018-9368; Alahdab, Fares/0000-0001-5481-696X; Hostiuc,
Sorin/0000-0003-4130-9402; Hay, Simon Iain/0000-0002-0611-7272;
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio/0000-0003-3690-5023; Ilesanmi,
Olayinka/0000-0003-0827-6442; Mokdad, Ali H./0000-0002-4994-3339;
Behzadifar, Masoud/0000-0002-0271-4360; Awasthi,
Ashish/0000-0002-9308-9782; Safiri, Saeid/0000-0001-7986-9072; Jalali,
Amir/0000-0002-0307-879X; khafaie, morteza
abdullatif/0000-0002-1651-3017; Mansour-Ghanaei,
Fariborz/0000-0001-6747-0232; Bidgoli, Hassan
Haghparast/0000-0001-6365-2944; Bedi, Neeraj/0000-0003-4709-8423; Kim,
Yun Jin/0000-0001-8853-6587; Deribe, Kebede/0000-0002-8526-6996; Oh, In
Hwan/0000-0002-5450-9887; Seyedmousavi,
Seyedmojtaba/0000-0002-6194-7447; Goodridge, Amador/0000-0003-3910-0482;
Khader, Yousef Saleh/0000-0002-7830-6857; Kochhar,
Sonali/0000-0002-1150-5691; Hassen, Hamid Y./0000-0001-6485-4193;
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini/0000-0002-8557-2862; Silva,
João/0000-0002-5656-0897; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam/0000-0002-6795-7224;
Butt, Zahid Ahmad/0000-0002-2486-4781; Khan, Prof Dr
Ejaz/0000-0002-7072-8035; Irvani, Seyed Sina
Naghibi/0000-0002-4566-7402; Yimer, Ebrahim M./0000-0003-3140-4967;
Ayele, Henok Tadesse/0000-0002-6117-0578; Melese,
Addisu/0000-0002-2362-5500; Antonio, Carl Abelardo/0000-0001-7476-0553;
Satpathy, Maheswar/0000-0003-3521-4781; T., Olagunju
Andrew/0000-0003-1736-9886; Pereira, David/0000-0003-0384-7592;
Weldegebreal, Fitsum/0000-0002-7867-1483; Memish, Ziad
Ahmed/0000-0002-5099-0714; Henry, Nathaniel/0000-0001-8150-4988;
Mohammad, Karzan/0000-0003-1631-5675; Ukwaja, Kingsley
N./0000-0002-1974-8735; Gebremichael, Teklu
Gebrehiwot/0000-0002-2339-2436; El-Khatib, Ziad/0000-0003-0756-7280;
Moazen, Babak/0000-0002-2552-0438; Yotebieng,
Marcel/0000-0003-2110-2631; , bennsartorius/0000-0001-6761-2325; Wiens,
Kirsten E./0000-0003-4093-4054; Jacobsen, Kathryn/0000-0002-4198-6246;
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Kahsay, Amaha/0000-0002-6242-8040; Srinivasan,
Vinay/0000-0001-5779-5068; Rai, Rajesh Kumar/0000-0002-5249-9937; Ross,
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Edessa, Dumessa/0000-0001-6558-5829; Tran, Bach/0000-0002-2191-3947;
Uthman, Olalekan/0000-0002-8567-3081; Prakash,
Swayam/0000-0003-3986-890X; Dandona, Rakhi/0000-0003-0926-788X; Nachega,
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WHO, TUB TB DAT PROV COUN
World Health Organization, 2011, WHOHTMTB20114
World Health Organization, 2017, GLOB TUB REP 2017
NR 48
TC 85
Z9 89
U1 4
U2 46
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 1473-3099
EI 1474-4457
J9 LANCET INFECT DIS
JI Lancet Infect. Dis.
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 18
IS 12
BP 1329
EP 1349
DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30625-X
PG 21
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA HB2UQ
UT WOS:000450899900030
PM 30507459
OA Green Accepted, Green Published, hybrid
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Fadel, SA
Rasaily, R
Awasthi, S
Begum, R
Black, RF
Gelband, H
Gerland, P
Kumar, R
Liu, L
Mathers, C
Morris, SK
Nair, S
Newcombe, L
Pandey, A
Ram, F
Ram, U
Rodriguez, PS
Sahu, D
Sati, P
Shah, PJ
Shet, A
Sheth, J
Singh, JK
Singh, L
Sinha, A
Suraweera, W
Jha, P
AF Fadel, Shaza A.
Rasaily, Reeta
Awasthi, Shally
Begum, Rehana
Black, Robert F.
Gelband, Hellen
Gerland, Patrick
Kumar, Rajesh
Liu, Li
Mathers, Colin
Morris, Shaun K.
Nair, Saritha
Newcombe, Leslie
Pandey, Arvind
Ram, Faujdar
Ram, Usha
Rodriguez, Peter S.
Sahu, Damodar
Sati, Prabha
Shah, Prakash J.
Shet, Anita
Sheth, Jay
Singh, Jitenkumar K.
Singh, Lucky
Sinha, Anju
Suraweera, Wilson
Jha, Prabhat
CA Million Death Study Collaborators
TI Changes in cause-specific neonatal and 1-59-month child mortality in
India from 2000 to 2015: a nationally representative survey
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID NEWBORN; HEALTH; WOMEN
AB Background Documentation of the demographic and geographical details of changes
in cause-specific neonatal (younger than 1 month) and 159-month mortality in India
can guide further progress in reduction of child mortality. In this study we report
the changes in cause-specific child mortality between 2000 and 2015 in India.
Methods Since 2001, the Registrar General of India has implemented the Million
Death Study (MDS) in 1.3 million homes in more than 7000 randomly selected areas of
India. About 900 non-medical surveyors do structured verbal autopsies for deaths
recorded in these homes. Each field report is assigned randomly to two of 404
trained physicians to classify the cause of death, with a standard process for
resolution of disagreements. We combined the proportions of child deaths according
to the MDS for 200113 with annual UN estimates of national births and deaths
(partitioned across India's states and rural or urban areas) for 200015. We
calculated the annual percentage change in sex-specific and cause-specific
mortality between 2000 and 2015 for neonates and 159-month-old children.
Findings The MDS captured 52252 deaths in neonates and 42057 deaths at 159
months. Examining specific causes, the neonatal mortality rate from infection fell
by 66% from 11.9 per 1000 livebirths in 2000 to 4.0 per 1000 livebirths in 2015 and
the rate from birth asphyxia or trauma fell by 76% from 9.0 per 1000 livebirths in
2000 to 2.2 per 1000 livebirths in 2015. At 159 months, the mortality rate from
pneumonia fell by 63% from 11.2 per 1000 livebirths in 2000 to 4.2 per 1000
livebirths in 2015 and the rate from diarrhoea fell by 66% from 9.4 per 1000
livebirths in 2000 to 3.2 per 1000 livebirths in 2015 (with narrowing girlboy
gaps). The neonatal tetanus mortality rate fell from 1.6 per 1000 livebirths in
2000 to less than 0.1 per 1000 livebirths in 2015 and the 159-month measles
mortality rate fell from 3.3 per 1000 livebirths in 2000 to 0.3 per 1000 livebirths
in 2015. By contrast, mortality rates for prematurity or low birthweight rose from
12.3 per 1000 livebirths in 2000 to 14.3 per 1000 livebirths in 2015, driven mostly
by increases in term births with low birthweight in poorer states and rural areas.
29 million cumulative child deaths occurred from 2000 to 2015. The average annual
decline in mortality rates from 2000 to 2015 was 3.3% for neonates and 5.4% for
children aged 159 months. Annual declines from 2005 to 2015 (3.4% decline for
neonatal mortality and 5.9% decline in 159-month mortality) were faster than were
annual declines from 2000 to 2005 (3.2% decline for neonatal mortality and 4.5%
decline in 159-month mortality). These faster declines indicate that India avoided
about 1 million child deaths compared with continuation of the 200005 declines.
Interpretation To meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals for child
mortality, India will need to maintain the current trajectory of 159-month
mortality and accelerate declines in neonatal mortality (to >5% annually) from 2015
onwards. Continued progress in reduction of child mortality due to pneumonia,
diarrhoea, malaria, and measles at 159 months is feasible. Additional attention to
low birthweight is required.
C1 [Fadel, Shaza A.; Begum, Rehana; Gelband, Hellen; Newcombe, Leslie; Rodriguez,
Peter S.; Sati, Prabha; Shah, Prakash J.; Suraweera, Wilson; Jha, Prabhat] Univ
Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Toronto,
ON, Canada.
[Rasaily, Reeta; Nair, Saritha; Pandey, Arvind; Sahu, Damodar; Singh, Jitenkumar
K.; Singh, Lucky; Sinha, Anju] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
[Ram, Faujdar; Ram, Usha] Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies,
Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
[Morris, Shaun K.] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Div Infect Dis, Toronto,
ON, Canada.
[Kumar, Rajesh] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Community Med, Chandigarh,
India.
[Kumar, Rajesh] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh, India.
[Awasthi, Shally] King Georges Med Univ, Dept Paediat, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,
India.
[Begum, Rehana; Shet, Anita] St Johns Res Inst, Dept Paediat, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India.
[Black, Robert F.; Liu, Li; Shet, Anita] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth,
Baltimore, MD USA.
[Mathers, Colin] WHO, Mortal & Burden Dis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Gerland, Patrick] UN, Populat Div, New York, NY 10017 USA.
[Sheth, Jay] Ahrnedabad Municipal Corp, Med Educ Trust Med Coll, Ahmadabad,
Gujarat, India.
C3 University of Toronto; Saint Michaels Hospital Toronto; Indian Council
of Medical Research (ICMR); International Institute for Population
Sciences; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids);
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER),
Chandigarh; Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research
(PGIMER), Chandigarh; King George's Medical University; St. John's
National Academy of Health Sciences; St. John's Research Institute;
Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health; World Health Organization
RP Jha, P (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Dalla Lana Sch
Publ Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth Res, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM prabhat.jha@utoronto.ca
RI Ram, Usha/AAS-4140-2020; liu, li/HGC-0900-2022; Suraweera, Wilson
MG/O-8962-2014; Jha, Prabhat/HRD-2110-2023; Sheth, Jay/AAA-4991-2021;
Gerland, Patrick/F-7390-2013
OI Ram, Usha/0000-0001-6722-7347; Sheth, Jay/0000-0002-9598-4473; Shet,
Anita/0000-0002-7204-8164; Singh, Lucky/0000-0003-2590-6135; Newcombe,
Leslie/0000-0003-3153-4008; Jha, Prabhat/0000-0001-7067-8341; Fadel,
Shaza/0000-0002-2336-6254; Mathers, Colin/0000-0002-0617-6731; Nair,
Saritha/0000-0002-4560-6124; Gerland, Patrick/0000-0002-2082-3122
FU National Institutes of Health; Disease Control Priorities Network;
Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group; University of Toronto
FX National Institutes of Health, Disease Control Priorities Network,
Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group, and University of
Toronto.
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NR 33
TC 67
Z9 67
U1 1
U2 10
PI NEW YORK
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD OCT 28
PY 2017
VL 390
IS 10106
BP 1972
EP 1980
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32162-1
PG 9
GA FK9HW
UT WOS:000413823200033
PM 28939096
OA Green Accepted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Bijarniya, D
Parihar, CM
Jat, RK
Kalvania, K
Kakraliya, SK
Jat, ML
AF Bijarniya, Deepak
Parihar, C. M.
Jat, R. K.
Kalvania, Kailash
Kakraliya, S. K.
Jat, M. L.
TI Portfolios of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices in Smallholder
Rice-Wheat System of Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains-Crop Productivity,
Resource Use Efficiency and Environmental Foot Prints
SO AGRONOMY-BASEL
LA English
DT Article
DE conservation agriculture; global warming potential; energy use
efficiency; water productivity
ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ESTABLISHMENT METHODS;
TILLAGE; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; OPPORTUNITIES; TECHNOLOGIES; MITIGATION;
ROTATION
AB The conventional tillage based rice-wheat system (RWS) in Indo-genetic plains
(IGP) of South Asia is facing diverse challenges like increase in production cost
and erratic climatic events. This results in stagnated crop productivity and
declined farm profitability with increased emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore,
3-year multi-location farmer's participatory research trial was conducted to assess
the impact of crop establishment and residue management techniques on crop
productivity, economic profitability and environmental footprints in RWS. The aim
of this study was to analyze the effect of combinations of improved agronomic
technologies compared to farmer's practices (FP) on crop productivity,
profitability, resource use efficiency and environmental footprints. The experiment
had six scenarios that is, S1-Farmer's practice; Conventional tillage (CT) without
residue; S2-CT with residue, S3- Reduced tillage (RT) with residue + Recommended
dose of fertilizer (RDF); S4-RT/zero tillage (ZT) with residue + RDF, S5-ZT with
residue + RDF + green seeker + tensiometer + information & communication technology
+ crop insurance and S6- S5 + site specific nutrient management. Climate smart
agriculture practices (CSAPs; mean of S4, S5 and S6) increase system productivity
and farm profitability by 10.5% and 29.4% (on 3 yrs' mean basis), whereas, improved
farmers practices (mean of S2 and S3) resulted in only 3.2% and 5.3% increments
compared to farmer's practice (S1), respectively. On an average, CSAPs saved 39.3%
of irrigation water and enhanced the irrigation and total water productivity by
53.9% and 18.4% than FP, respectively. In all the 3-years, CSAPs with high adaptive
measures enhanced the energy-use-efficiency (EUE) and energy productivity (EP) by
43%-54% and 44%-61%, respectively than FP. In our study, global warming potential
(GWP), GHG emission due to consumption energy and greenhouse gas intensity were
recorded lower by 43%, 56% and 59% in Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) with high
adaptive measures than farmers practices (3652.7 kg CO2 eq. ha(-1) yr(-1), 722.2 kg
CO2 eq. ha(-1) yr(-1) and 718.7 Mg kg(-1) CO2 eq. ha(-1) yr(-1)). The findings of
the present study revealed that CSA with adaption of innovative measures (S6)
improved 3-year mean system productivity by 10.5%, profitability by 29.4%, water
productivity and energy productivity by 18.3% and 48.9%, respectively than FP.
Thus, the results of our 3-year farmer's participatory study suggest that in a RW
system, climate smart agriculture practices have better adaptive capacity and could
be a feasible option for attaining higher yields, farm profitability, energy-use
efficiency and water productivity with sustained/improved environmental quality in
smallholder production systems of Eastern IGP of India and other similar agro-
ecologies of South Asia. Finally, the adoption of these CSAPs should be promoted in
the RW rotation of IGP to ensure food security, restoration of soil health and to
mitigate climate change, the key sustainable development goals (SDGs).
C1 [Bijarniya, Deepak; Kalvania, Kailash; Jat, M. L.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement
Ctr CIMMYT India, New Delhi 110012, India.
[Parihar, C. M.] ICAR Indian Agr Res Inst IARI, New Delhi 110012, India.
[Jat, R. K.] Borlaug Inst South Asia BISA, CIMMYT, Samastipur 848125, Bihar,
India.
[Kakraliya, S. K.] ICAR Cent Soil Salin Res Inst, Karnal 132001, India.
C3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR); ICAR - Indian
Agricultural Research Institute; Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR); ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
RP Jat, ML (corresponding author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT India,
New Delhi 110012, India.
EM d.bijarniya@cgiar.org; pariharcm@gmail.com; r.jat@cgiar.org;
k.kalvania@cgiar.org; kakraliyask@gmail.com; m.jat@cgiar.org
RI Jat, ML/O-2824-2019; PARIHAR, C.M./O-3624-2019
OI Jat, ML/0000-0003-0582-1126;
FU CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food
Security (CCAFS); Wheat Agri-Food Systems (WHEAT); Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR); CGIAR Fund Council; Australia (ACIAR);
Irish Aid; European Union; International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD), Netherlands; International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD), New Zealand; International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD), Switzerland; International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD), UK; International Fund for Agricultural Development
(IFAD), USAID; International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD),
Thailand
FX The authors acknowledge to CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) on Climate
Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Wheat Agri-Food Systems
(WHEAT) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for financial
support and support to conduct this research. The CGIAR Fund Council,
Australia (ACIAR), Irish Aid, European Union, International Fund for
Agricultural Development (IFAD), Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland,
UK, USAID and Thailand is also acknowledged for funding.
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NR 60
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 8
U2 33
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2073-4395
J9 AGRONOMY-BASEL
JI Agronomy-Basel
PD OCT
PY 2020
VL 10
IS 10
AR 1561
DI 10.3390/agronomy10101561
PG 23
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA OJ5MI
UT WOS:000584004900001
OA gold
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Akseer, N
Rizvi, A
Bhatti, Z
Das, JK
Everett, K
Arur, A
Chopra, M
Bhutta, ZA
AF Akseer, Nadia
Rizvi, Arjumand
Bhatti, Zaid
Das, Jai K.
Everett, Karl
Arur, Aneesa
Chopra, Mickey
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
TI Association of Exposure to Civil Conflict With Maternal Resilience and
Maternal and Child Health and Health System Performance in Afghanistan
SO JAMA NETWORK OPEN
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENCE-IN-DIFFERENCES; SERVICES; COVERAGE; CARE; WAR; INTERVENTIONS;
MALNUTRITION; COUNTRIES; COUNTDOWN; VIOLENCE
AB IMPORTANCE Current studies examining the effects of Afghanistan's conflict
transition on the performance of health systems, health service delivery, and
health outcomes are outdated and small in scale and do not span all essential
reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of conflict severity with improvement of
health system performance, use of health services, and child nutrition outcomes in
Afghanistan during the 2003 to 2018 reconstruction period.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based survey study included a
sequential cross-sectional analysis of individual-level panel data across 2 periods
(2003-2010 and 2010-2018) and a difference-in-differences design. Surveys included
the 2003 to 2004 and 2010 to 2011 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and the 2018
Afghanistan Health Survey. Afghanistan's 2013 National Nutrition Survey was used to
assess nutritional outcomes, and the annual Balanced Scorecard data sets were used
to evaluate health system performance. Participants included girls and women aged
12 to 49 years and children younger than 5 years who completed nationally
representative household surveys. All analyses were conducted from January 1
through April 30, 2019.
EXPOSURES Provinces were categorized as experiencing minimal-, moderate-, and
severe-intensity conflict using battle-related death data from the Uppsala Conflict
Data Program.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Health intervention coverage was examined using 10
standard indicators: contraceptive method (any or modern); antenatal care by a
skilled health care professional; facility delivery; skilled birth attendance
(SBA); bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination (BCG); diphtheria, pertussis, and
tetanus vaccination (DPT3) or DPT3 plus hepatitis B and poliomyelitis (penta);
measles vaccination; care-seeking for acute respiratory infection; oral rehydration
therapy for diarrhea; and the Composite Coverage Index. The health system
performance was analyzed using the following standard Balanced Scorecard composite
domains: client and community, human resources, physical capacity, quality of
service provision, management systems, and overall mission. Child stunting,
wasting, underweight, and co-occurrence of stunting and wasting were estimated
usingWorld Health Organization growth reference cutoffs.
RESULTS Responses from 64 815 women (mean [SD] age, 31.0 [8.5] years) were
analyzed. Provinces with minimal-intensity conflict had greater gains in
contraceptive use (mean annual percentage point change [MAPC], 1.3% vs 0.5%; P
< .001), SBA (MAPC, 2.7% vs 1.5%; P = .005), BCG vaccination (MAPC, 3.3% vs -0.5%;
P = .002), measles vaccination (MAPC, 1.9% vs -1.0%; P = .01), and DPT3/penta
vaccination (MAPC, 1.0% vs -2.0%; P < .001) compared with provinces with moderate-
to severe-intensity conflict after controlling for confounders. Provinces with
severe-intensity conflict fared significantly worse than those with minimal-
intensity conflict in functioning infrastructure (MAPC, -1.6%[95% CI, -2.4% to -
0.8%]) and the client background and physical assessment index (MAPC, -1.0%[95% CI,
-0.8% to 2.7%]) after adjusting for confounders. Child wasting was significantly
worse in districts with greater conflict severity (full adjusted beta for
association between logarithm of battle-related deaths and wasting, 0.33 [95% CI,
0.01-0.66]; P = .04).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Associations between conflict and maternal and child
health in Afghanistan differed by health care intervention and delivery domain,
with several key indicators lagging behind in areas with higher-intensity conflict.
These findings may be helpful for planning and prioritizing efforts to reach the
United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals in Afghanistan.
C1 [Akseer, Nadia; Everett, Karl; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr
Global Child Hlth, 686 Bay St,Ste 11-9801, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
[Akseer, Nadia; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth,
[Rizvi, Arjumand; Bhatti, Zaid; Das, Jai K.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ,
Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
[Arur, Aneesa; Chopra, Mickey] World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433
USA.
C3 University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University
of Toronto; Aga Khan University; The World Bank
RP Bhutta, ZA (corresponding author), Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth,
686 Bay St,Ste 11-9801, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
EM zulfiqar.bhutta@sickkids.ca
RI ; Bhutta, Zulfiqar/L-7822-2015
OI Das, Jai/0000-0002-2966-7162; Bhutta, Zulfiqar/0000-0003-0637-599X;
Everett, Karl/0000-0002-5437-6658
FU World Bank
FX This work was supported by grants from the World Bank, Countdown for
2015, and in-kind support from the Centre for Global Child Health and
the Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University.
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NR 59
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA
SN 2574-3805
J9 JAMA NETW OPEN
JI JAMA Netw. Open
PD NOV
PY 2019
VL 2
IS 11
AR e1914819
DI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14819
PG 16
(SSCI)
GA JZ6OX
UT WOS:000505224400033
PM 31702799
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Guthold, R
Stevens, GA
Riley, LM
Bull, FC
AF Guthold, Regina
Stevens, Gretchen A.
Riley, Leanne M.
Bull, Fiona C.
TI Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a
pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million
participants
SO LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB Background Physical activity has many health benefits for young people. In 2018,
WHO launched More Active People for a Healthier World, a new global action on
physical activity, including new targets of a 15% relative reduction of global
prevalence of insufficient physical activity by 2030 among adolescents and adults.
We describe current prevalence and trends of insufficient physical activity among
school-going adolescents aged 11-17 years by country, region, and globally.
Methods We did a pooled analysis of cross-sectional survey data that were
collected through random sampling with a sample size of at least 100 individuals,
were representative of a national or defined subnational population, and reported
prevalence of of insufficient physical activity by sex in adolescents. Prevalence
had to be reported for at least three of the years of age within the 10-19-year age
range. We estimated the prevalence of insufficient physical activity in school-
going adolescents aged 11-17 years (combined and by sex) for individual countries,
for four World Bank income groups, nine regions, and globally for the years 2001-
16. To derive a standard definition of insufficient physical activity and to adjust
for urban-only survey coverage, we used regression models. We estimated time trends
using multilevel mixed-effects modelling.
Findings We used data from 298 school-based surveys from 146 countries,
territories, and areas including 1.6 million students aged 11-17 years. Globally,
in 2016, 81-0% (95% uncertainty interval 77-8-87.7) of students aged 11-17 years
were insufficiently physically active (77.6% [76-1-80.4] of boys and 84.7% [83.0-
88-21 of girls). Although prevalence of insufficient physical activity
significantly decreased between 2001 and 2016 for boys (from 80.1% [78.3-81-61 in
2001), there was no significant change for girls (from 85.1% [83.1-88.0] in 2001).
There was no clear pattern according to country income group: insufficient activity
prevalence in 2016 was 84.9% (82.6-88-2) in low-income countries, 79.3% (77.2-87.5)
in lower-middle-income countries, 83.9% (79.5-89.2) in upper-middle-income
countries, and 79.4% (74.0-86.2) in high-income countries. The region with the
highest prevalence of insufficient activity in 2016 was high-income Asia Pacific
for both boys (89.0%, 62.8-92.2) and girls (95.6%, 73.7-97.9). The regions with the
lowest prevalence were high-income western countries for boys (72.1%, 71.1-73-6),
and south Asia for girls (77.5%, 72-8-89.3). In 2016,27 countries had a prevalence
of insufficient activity of 90% or more for girls, whereas this was the case for
two countries for boys.
Interpretation The majority of adolescents do not meet current physical activity
guidelines. Urgent scaling up of implementation of known effective policies and
programmes is needed to increase activity in adolescents. Investment and leadership
at all levels to intervene on the multiple causes and inequities that might
perpetuate the low participation in physical activity and sex differences, as well
as engagement of youth themselves, will be vital to strengthen the opportunities
for physical activity in all communities. Such action will improve the health of
this and future young generations and support achieving the 2030 Sustainable
Development Goals. Copyright (C) 2019 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.
C1 [Guthold, Regina] WHO, Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth & Ageing, CH-
1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
[Riley, Leanne M.] WHO, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Bull, Fiona C.] WHO, Hlth Promot Dept, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Stevens, Gretchen A.] Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England.
[Bull, Fiona C.] Univ Western Australia, Dept Sport & Exercise Sci, Perth, WA,
Australia.
C3 World Health Organization; World Health Organization; World Health
Organization; Imperial College London; University of Western Australia
RP Guthold, R (corresponding author), WHO, Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth
& Ageing, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
EM gutholdr@who.int
RI Guthold, Regina/AAD-9998-2021
OI Guthold, Regina/0000-0003-3073-6468
FU WHO
FX WHO.
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World Health Organization, 2010, GLOB REC PHYS ACT HL
NR 34
TC 1549
Z9 1576
U1 57
U2 189
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2352-4642
J9 LANCET CHILD ADOLESC
JI Lancet Child. Adolesc. Health
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 4
IS 1
BP 23
EP 35
DI 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2
PG 13
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA JW1LQ
UT WOS:000502820800022
PM 31761562
OA hybrid, Green Published
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Brown, AG
Lespez, L
Sear, DA
Macaire, JJ
Houben, P
Klimek, K
Brazier, RE
Van Oost, K
Pears, B
AF Brown, Antony G.
Lespez, Laurent
Sear, David A.
Macaire, Jean-Jacques
Houben, Peter
Klimek, Kazimierz
Brazier, Richard E.
Van Oost, Kristof
Pears, Ben
TI Natural vs anthropogenic streams in Europe: History, ecology and
implications for restoration, river-rewilding and riverine ecosystem
services
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
ID BEAVER CASTOR-FIBER; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; LITOVELSKE POMORAVI;
RIPARIAN VEGETATION; FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; SEDIMENT DYNAMICS; FLUVIAL
DEPOSITS; CLAY-MINERALS; BRONZE-AGE; HOLOCENE
AB In Europe and North America the prevailing model of "natural" lowland streams is
incised-meandering channels with silt-clay floodplains, and this is the typical
template for stream restoration. Using both published and new unpublished
geological and historical data from Europe we critically review this model, show
how it is inappropriate for the European context, and examine the implications for
carbon sequestration and Riverine Ecosystem Services (RES) including river
rewilding. This paper brings together for the first time, all the pertinent strands
of evidence we now have on the long-term trajectories of floodplain system from
sediment-based dating to sedaDNA. Floodplain chronostratigraphy shows that early
Holocene streams were predominantly multi-channel (anabranching) systems, often
choked with vegetation and relatively rarely single-channel actively meandering
systems. Floodplains were either non-existent or limited to adjacent organic-filled
palaeochannels, spring/valley mires and flushes. This applied to many, if not most,
small to medium rivers but also major sections of the larger rivers such as the
Thames, Seine, Rhone, Lower Rhine, Vistula and Danube. As shown by radiocarbon and
optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating during the mid-late Holocene c. 4-2
ka BP, overbank silt-clay deposition transformed European floodplains, covering
former wetlands and silting-up secondary channels. This was followed by direct
intervention in the Medieval period incorporating weir and mill based systems- part
of a deep engagement with rivers and floodplains which is even reflected in river
and floodplain settlement place names. The final transformation was the
"industrialisation of channels" through hard-engineering - part of the Anthropocene
great acceleration. The primary causative factor in transforming pristine
floodplains was accelerated soil erosion caused by deforestation and arable
fanning, but with effective sediment delivery also reflecting climatic
fluctuations. Later floodplain modifications built on these transformed floodplain
topographies. So, unlike North America where channel-floodplain transformation was
rapid, the transformation of European streams occurred over a much longer time-
period with considerable spatial diversity regarding timing and kind of
modification. This has had implications for the evolution of RES including reduced
carbon sequestration over the past millennia. Due to the multi-faceted combination
of catchment controls, ecological change and cultural legacy, it is impractical, if
not impossible, to identify an originally natural condition and thus restore
European rivers to their pre-transformation state (naturalisation). Nevertheless,
attempts to restore to historical (pre-industrial) states allowing for natural
floodplain processes can have both ecological and carbon offset benefits, as well
as additional abiotic benefits such as flood attenuation and water quality
improvements. This includes rewilding using beaver reintroduction which has overall
positive benefits on river corridor ecology. New developments, particularly
biomolecular methods offer the potential of unifying modern ecological monitoring
with the reconstruction of past ecosystems and their trajectories.
The sustainable restoration of rivers and floodplains designed to maximise
desirable RES and natural capital must be predicated on the awareness that
Anthropocene rivers are still largely imprisoned in the banks of their history and
this requires acceptance of an increased complexity for the achievement and
maintenance of desirable restoration goals.
C1 [Brown, Antony G.; Sear, David A.; Pears, Ben] Univ Southampton, Geog &
Environm, Shackleton Bldg, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
[Lespez, Laurent] Univ Paris East Creteil, CNRS UMR 8591, Lab Phys Geog LGP,
Creteil, France.
[Macaire, Jean-Jacques] Univ Tours, Dept Sci & Tech, Parc Grandmont, F-37200
Tours, France.
[Houben, Peter] Leiden Univ Coll The Hague, Environm Earth Sci & Sustainabil,
The Hague, Netherlands.
[Klimek, Kazimierz] Univ Silesia, Earth Sci Fac, Dept Phys Geog, Bedzinska 60,
PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
[Brazier, Richard E.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter EX4
4RJ, Devon, England.
[Van Oost, Kristof] Catholic Univ Louvain, Earth & Life Inst, Louvain La Neuve,
Belgium.
C3 University of Southampton; Universite Paris-Est-Creteil-Val-de-Marne
(UPEC); Universite de Tours; University of Silesia in Katowice;
University of Exeter; Universite Catholique Louvain
RP Brown, AG (corresponding author), Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Shackleton
Bldg, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
EM Tony.Brown@soton.ac.uk; laurent.lespez@lgp.cnrs.fr; D.Sear@soton.ac.uk;
jean-jacques.macaire@univ-tours.fr; p.houben@luc.leidenuniv.nl;
klimek@ultra.cto.us.edu.pl; r.e.brazier@exeter.ac.uk;
kristof.vanoost@uclouvain.be; benrpears@googlemail.com
RI Lespez, Laurent/AAJ-6437-2021; Lespez, Laurent/AAI-7613-2021; Houben,
Peter/T-5730-2018; Pears, Ben R/AAE-4964-2022; Van Oost,
Kristof/B-6941-2008; Brown, Antony/G-4498-2014
OI Lespez, Laurent/0000-0003-3256-1999; Houben, Peter/0000-0002-1820-1244;
Brown, Antony/0000-0002-1990-4654; , Laurent/0000-0002-5841-0753; Pears,
Ben/0000-0002-2124-2514; Van Oost, Kristof/0000-0002-4938-9438
FU EU; Leverhulme Flood and Flow Project [RPG-2016-004]
FX Many colleagues both in academia and in conservation/environmental
organisations must be thanked for assistance in the production of this
paper including Mike Clarke (RSPB), Nicki Whitehouse, Steve Davis,
Thomas Hoffmann, Mark Macklin, Man Puttock, Phillip Toms, David Parsons,
Finbar McCormick, Patrick Gleeson and Richard Jones. OSL dating from the
Severn-Wye Basin was undertaken at the Geochronology Laboratories,
University of Gloucestershire under grants from the EU Leader +
Programme (administered by English Heritage) and the Leverhulme Flood
and Flow Project (RPG-2016-004).
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PI AMSTERDAM
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JI Earth-Sci. Rev.
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PY 2018
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BP 185
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DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.02.001
PG 21
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(SSCI)
SC Geology
GA GH7PM
UT WOS:000433645900010
OA Green Accepted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Caprioli, T
Martindale, S
Mengiste, A
Assefa, D
H Kiros, F
Tamiru, M
Negussu, N
Taylor, M
Betts, H
Kelly-Hope, LA
AF Caprioli, Thais
Martindale, Sarah
Mengiste, Asrat
Assefa, Dereje
H Kiros, Fikre
Tamiru, Mossie
Negussu, Nebiyu
Taylor, Mark
Betts, Hannah
Kelly-Hope, Louise A.
TI Quantifying the socio-economic impact of leg lymphoedema on patient
caregivers in a lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis co-endemic
district of Ethiopia
LA English
DT Article
ID BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; BURDEN; DISEASE;
ADENOLYMPHANGITIS; STIGMA; PEOPLE; FAMILY
AB Background
Lymphoedema caused by lymphatic filariasis (LF) or podoconiosis can result in
physical disability and social exclusion, which is exacerbated by painful acute
dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) episodes. These conditions have a significant
impact on patients, however, little is known about the indirect effects on their
caregivers. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the impact on caregivers for
patients with leg lymphoedema in a co-endemic district of Ethiopia.
Methodology/Principal findings
A cross-sectional survey of lymphoedema patients and their caregivers was
conducted using semi-structured questionnaires in the Southern Nation Nationalities
Peoples Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. Lymphoedema patient information on clinical
severity (mild, moderate, severe), frequency of ADLAs, their socio-demographic
characteristics and the identity of main caregiver(s) was collected. Caregiver
information on socio-demographic characteristics, types of care provided, their
quality of life (QoL) measured across nine domains, and productivity was collected,
with key indicators compared in the presence and absence of patients' ADLAs.
A total of 73 patients and 76 caregivers were included. Patients were grouped by
mild/moderate (n = 42, 57.5%) or severe (n = 31, 42.5%) lymphoedema, and reported
an average of 6.1 (CI +/- 2.18) and 9.8 (CI +/- 3.17) ADLAs respectively in the
last six months. A total of 48 (65.8%) female and 25 (34.2%) male patients were
interviewed. Caregivers were predominately male (n = 45, 59.2%), and spouses formed
the largest caregiving group for both female and male patients.
In the absence of an ADLA, most caregivers (n = 42, 55.2%) did not provide care,
but only one caregiver did not provide care during an ADLA. In the absence of an
ADLA, the average time (hour:minute) spent by mild/moderate (00:17, CI: +/- 00:08)
and severe (00:10, CI: +/- 00:07) patient caregiver per task was minimal. The time
mild/moderate (00:47, CI: +/- 00:11) and severe (00:51, CI: +/- 00:16) patient
caregivers spent per task significantly increased in the presence of an ADLA. In
addition, caregivers' QoL was negatively impacted when patients experienced an
ALDA, and they had to forfeit an average of 6 to 7 work/school days per month.
Author summary
Lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis can result in chronic severe lymphoedema
of the limbs, which is aggravated by frequent painful episodes of acute bacterial
infection known as 'acute attacks'. The debilitating impact of these conditions on
patients are well documented, however, the extent to which the hardship extends to
their caregivers is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, a survey of 73
lymphoedema patients and their caregivers was conducted in an endemic region of
Ethiopia. Patients were found to be predominately female and caregivers
predominately male, mostly spouses. Caregivers provided a wide range of care, and
the type, frequency and time spent on tasks significantly increased when patients
experienced an acute attack. Caregivers reported a negative impact on their quality
of life and provided care for an average of 15 days and forfeited an average of 7
days of work or school per month. This study has revealed a previously hidden
burden of lymphoedema that not only affects patients, but their caregivers who are
mostly family members. This emphasises the importance of increasing access to
effective morbidity management and disability prevention programmes to reduce the
burden and help to address the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, target 5.4,
which seeks to recognise and value unpaid and domestic work.
C1 [Caprioli, Thais; Martindale, Sarah; Taylor, Mark; Betts, Hannah; Kelly-Hope,
Louise A.] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Ctr Neglected Trop Dis, Dept Trop
Dis Biol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
[Mengiste, Asrat; Assefa, Dereje; H Kiros, Fikre] Natl Podoconiosis Act Network,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Tamiru, Mossie; Negussu, Nebiyu] Fed Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
C3 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Federal Ministry of Health -
Ethiopia (FMOH)
RP Kelly-Hope, LA (corresponding author), Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med,
Ctr Neglected Trop Dis, Dept Trop Dis Biol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
EM Louise.Kelly-Hope@lstmed.ac.uk
OI Kelly-Hope, Louise/0000-0002-3330-7629; Caprioli,
Thais/0000-0002-5681-0569; Taylor, Mark/0000-0003-3396-9275
FU Department for International Development (DFID); GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
FX This research was funded by a grant support from the Department for
International Development (DFID) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) to the Centre
of Neglected Tropical Diseases (CNTD) within the Liverpool School of
Tropical Medicine (LSTM). The funders had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
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NR 52
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1935-2735
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 14
IS 3
AR e0008058
PG 18
(SSCI)
GA LH2YY
UT WOS:000528655400003
PM 32126081
OA gold, Green Accepted, Green Published
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Martinez, R
Lloyd-Sherlock, P
Soliz, P
Ebrahim, S
Vega, E
Ordunez, P
McKee, M
AF Martinez, Ramon
Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter
Soliz, Patricia
Ebrahim, Shah
Vega, Enrique
Ordunez, Pedro
McKee, Martin
TI Trends in premature avertable mortality from non-communicable diseases
for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a population-based study
LA English
DT Article
ID AMENABLE MORTALITY; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; MEDICAL-CARE; HEALTH; DEATHS;
QUALITY; PROGRESS; BURDEN; TARGET
AB Background The reduction by a third of premature non-communicable disease (NCD)
mortality by 2030 is the ambitious target of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
3.4. However, the indicator is narrowly defined, including only four major NCDs
(cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases) and
only for people aged 30-70 years. This study focuses on premature avertable
mortality from NCDs-premature deaths caused by NCDs that could be prevented through
effective public policies and health interventions or amenable to high-quality
health care-to assess trends at global, regional, and national levels using
estimates from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD)
2017.
Methods We reviewed existing lists of NCD causes of death that are either
preventable through public health policies and interventions or amenable to health
care to create a list of avertable NCD causes of death, which was mapped to the GBD
cause list. We estimated age-standardised years of life lost (YLL) per 100 000
population due to premature avertable mortality from NCDs, avertable NCD cause
clusters, and non-avertable NCD causes by sex, location, and year and reported
their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We examined trends in age-standardised YLL
due to avertable and non-avertable NCDs, assessed the progress of premature
avertable mortality from NCDs in achieving SDG 3.4, and explored specific avertable
NCD cause clusters that could make a substantial contribution to overall trends in
premature mortality.
Findings Globally, premature avertable mortality from NCDs for both sexes
combined declined -1.3% (95% UI -1.4 to -1.2) per year, from 12 855 years (11 809
to 14 051) in 1990 to 9008 years (8329 to 9756) in 2017. However, the absolute
number of avertable NCD deaths increased 49.3% (95% UI 47.3 to 52.2) from 23.1
million (22.0-24.1) deaths in 1990 to 34.5 million (33.4 to 35.6) in 2017.
Premature avertable mortality from NCDs reduced in every WHO region and in most
countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Despite these reductions, only the
Western Pacific and European regions and 25 countries (most of which are high-
income countries) are on track to achieve SDG target 3.4. Since 2017, there has
been a global slowdown in the reduction of premature avertable mortality from NCDs.
In 2017, high premature avertable mortality from NCDs was clustered in low-income
and middle-income countries, mainly in the South-East Asia region, Eastern
Mediterranean region, and African region. Most countries with large annual
reductions in such mortality between 1990 and 2017 had achieved low levels of
premature avertable mortality from NCDs by 2017. Some countries, the most populous
examples being Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Uzbekistan, Haiti,
Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Ukraine, Laos, and Egypt, reported both an upward
trend and high levels of premature avertable mortality from NCDs. Cardiovascular
diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases have been the main drivers of
the global and regional reduction in premature avertable mortality from NCDs,
whereas premature mortality from substance use disorders, chronic kidney disease
and acute glomerulonephritis, and diabetes have been increasing.
Interpretation Worldwide, there has been a substantial reduction in premature
avertable mortality from NCDs, but progress has been uneven across populations.
Countries vary substantially in current levels and trends and, hence, the extent to
which they are on track to achieve SDG 3.4. By accounting for premature avertable
mortality while avoiding arbitrary age cutoffs, premature avertable mortality from
NCDs is a robust, comprehensive, and actionable indicator for quantifying and
monitoring global and national progress towards NCD prevention and control.
Copyright (c) 2020 Pan American Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
C1 [Martinez, Ramon; Soliz, Patricia; Vega, Enrique; Ordunez, Pedro] Pan Amer Hlth
Org, Washington, DC USA.
[Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter] Univ East Anglia, Sch Int Dev, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk,
England.
[Ebrahim, Shah; McKee, Martin] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
C3 Pan American Health Organization; University of East Anglia; University
of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
RP Lloyd-Sherlock, P (corresponding author), Univ East Anglia, Sch Int Dev, Norwich
NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
EM p.lloyd-sherlock@uea.ac.uk
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Peter/0000-0002-1367-0703
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NR 35
TC 79
Z9 81
U1 6
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2214-109X
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 8
IS 4
BP E511
EP E523
PG 13
(SSCI)
GA KW3PI
UT WOS:000521078600023
PM 32199120
OA gold, Green Accepted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Lince-Deroche, N
Berry, KM
Hendrickson, C
Sineke, T
Kgowedi, S
Mulongo, M
AF Lince-Deroche, Naomi
Berry, Kaitlyn M.
Hendrickson, Cheryl
Sineke, Tembeka
Kgowedi, Sharon
Mulongo, Masangu
TI Women's costs for accessing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health
services: findings from an observational study in Johannesburg, South
Africa
LA English
DT Article
DE Contraception; Cervical cancer; Breast cancer; Menstruation; Fertility;
Menopause; Gender-based violence; Economic; Affordability
ID ABORTION SERVICES; EXPERIENCES; INSURANCE
AB Background Evaluating progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal of
universal access to sexual and reproductive (SRH) services requires an
understanding of the health needs of individuals and what constitutes access to
services. We explored women's costs of accessing SRH services in Johannesburg,
South Africa and contextualized costs based on estimates of household income.
Methods We conducted an observational study of women aged 18-49 at a public HIV
treatment site and two public primary health care facilities from June 2015 to
August 2016. Interviews assessed women's SRH needs (for contraception, fertility
problems, menstrual problems, menopause symptoms, sexually transmitted infections
(STI), experiences of intimate-partner violence (IPV), and cervical and breast
cancer screening) and associated costs. We calculated average and total costs
(including out-of-pocket spending, lost income, and estimated value of time spent)
for women who incurred costs. We also estimated the total and average costs of
meeting all SRH needs in a hypothetical "full needs met" year. Finally, we
contextualize SRH spending against a measure of catastrophic expenditure (> 10% of
household income). Results Among the 385 women who participated, 94.8% had at least
one SRH need in the prior 12 months; 79.7% incurred costs for accessing care. On
average, women spent $28.34 on SRH needs during the prior year. Excluding one HIV-
negative woman who spent 112% of her annual income on infertility treatment, HIV-
positive women spent more on average annually for SRH care than HIV-negative women.
Sixty percent of women reported at least one unmet SRH need. If all participants
sought care for all reported needs, their average annual cost would rise to $52.65
per woman. Only two women reported catastrophic expenditure - for managing
infertility. Conclusions SRH needs are constants throughout women's lives. Small
annual costs can become large costs when considered cumulatively over time. As
South Africa and other countries grapple with increasing access to SRH services
under the rubric of universal access, it is important to remember that individuals
incur costs despite free care at the point of service. Policies that address
geographic proximity and service quality would be important for reducing costs and
ensuring full access to SRH services. Plain English summary Literature on women's
financial and economic costs for accessing comprehensive sexual and reproductive
health care in low- and middle-income countries is extremely limited, and existing
literature often overlooks out-of-pocket costs associated with travel, child care,
and time spent accessing services. Using data from a survey of 385 women from a
public HIV treatment site and two public primary health care facilities in
Johannesburg, we found nearly all women reported at least on sexual and
reproductive health need and more than 75% of women incurred costs related to those
needs. Furthermore, more than half of women surveyed reported not accessing
services for their sexual and reproductive health needs, suggesting a total annual
cost of more than $50 USD, on average, to access services for all reported needs.
While few women spent more than 10% of their total household income on sexual and
reproductive health services in the prior year, needs are constant and costs incur
throughout a woman's life suggesting accessing services to meet these needs might
still result in financial burden.
As South Africa grapples with increasing access to sexual and reproductive
health services under the rubric of universal access, it is important to remember
that individuals incur costs despite free care at the point of service. Policies
that address geographic proximity and service quality would be important for
reducing costs and ensuring full access to services.
C1 [Lince-Deroche, Naomi; Hendrickson, Cheryl; Sineke, Tembeka; Kgowedi, Sharon]
Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Hlth Econ & Epidemiol Res Off, Dept Internal
Med,Sch Clin Med, 39 Empire Rd, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Berry, Kaitlyn M.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, 801
Massachusetts Ave,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Mulongo, Masangu] Helen Joseph Hosp, Right Care, Perth Rd, Johannesburg, South
Africa.
C3 University of Witwatersrand; Boston University
RP Lince-Deroche, N (corresponding author), Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Hlth
Econ & Epidemiol Res Off, Dept Internal Med,Sch Clin Med, 39 Empire Rd,
EM naomi.lince.deroche@gmail.com
OI Berry, Kaitlyn/0000-0002-2928-6773; Lince-Deroche,
Naomi/0000-0003-3689-4205
FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
[AID-674-A-12-00029]
FX NLD, CH, KB, KS, and TS were supported by United States Agency for
International Development (USAID), award number AID-674-A-12-00029. The
contents of the article are the responsibility of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the US government. The funders
had no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation
of the data, in manuscript preparation or the decision to publish.
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NR 32
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU BMC
PI LONDON
EI 1742-4755
J9 REPROD HEALTH
JI Reprod. Health
PD DEC 16
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 1
AR 179
DI 10.1186/s12978-019-0842-2
PG 13
(SSCI)
GA KJ3WO
UT WOS:000511990000001
PM 31842904
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Cao, XW
Quazi, A
AF Cao, Xuanwei
Quazi, Ali
TI Does an institutional factor influence corporate environmental strategy?
Looking through the Guanxi lens
SO SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT AND POLICY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Guanxi; Cognition; Transitional economy; Corporate environmental
strategy; Temporal orientation
ID ORGANIZATIONS; TIME; FIRM; CAPABILITIES; INDUSTRY; OPPORTUNITIES;
CONSEQUENCES; PERFORMANCE; TRANSITION; CHALLENGES
AB Purpose - This paper aims to illustrate how institutional factors, such as
Guanxi (connectedness) mechanism in a transition economy, could impact managerial
cognition and their temporal orientation at individual level as well as induced
change on corporate environmental strategy (CES). More specifically, this paper
explores the micro foundation of corporate strategy change in an attempt to examine
how corporate strategic choice and actions evolve with managerial cognition of
"Guanxi" with various temporal orientations.
Design/methodology/approach - The paper reviews the extant literature focusing
on Guanxi and CES with special attention to the temporal orientation in strategy
formulation. A conceptual framework is proposed to analyze the underlying mechanism
of Guanxi in mediating and shaping CES. A multi-case study with four companies
operating in two industry sectors were investigated considering their relative long
foothold as well as their different postures and dynamic change of corporate
environment strategy in the past decades.
Findings - The findings support recent critiques on the likely shift in
strategic choice of firms from the traditional Guanxi- based to a rule-based
format. The interactions between entrepreneurial cognition and strategic activities
toward environmental issues were still influenced by deep relational embeddedness.
The findings proved that managerial Guanxi cognition impacts managers' temporal
orientation and their strategic choice on CES. Foreign-invested enterprises in the
process of localization face the potential risk of emerging backdrop of their CES,
i.e. from more active strategy to more reactive strategic posture, whereas local
private-owned enterprises show a transformation from reactor to follower and even
pioneer in the wave of those entrepreneurs' changing cognition on the role of
Guanxi in their businesses.
Research limitations/implications - One main limitation of the study is the
lacking of quantitative measurement of corporate environment performance. Although
the paper used multiple cases to explore the dynamics of Guanxi on impacting CES,
only with further development of effective scale measurement to test corporate
environment performance can increase the explaining power of the proposed
theoretical model in this study. It is important to note that with data of
longitudinal measurement of corporate environment performance, it would be more
convincing to show the outcome of the temporal lens of Guanxi on CES. However, the
lacking availability of qualified disclosed data on indicating corporate
environment performance constrains another limitation for the study. Considering
the complexity of corporate environment strategy, the focus cases in the paper
might still lack powerful and convincing illustration to prove the impact of Guanxi
on CES despite the enriched contextual data and description. It is necessary to
conduct deeper analysis to exclude the impact of other possible factors on CES to
highlight the direct impact of Guanxi on CES.
Practical implications - The results of the in-depth analysis and interpretation
of the exploration of the cases suggest that Guanxi still seems to dominate
managerial thinking process as the norm is deeply rooted in their mind sets.
However, Guanxi is no longer considered as a mere reactive cultural norm rather a
positive mechanism through which Chinese firms can achieve their sustainable
environmental strategic goals as well as economies prosperity in the rapidly
competitive business landscape in modern China.
Originality/value - Previous research on CES largely neglected the context
factors. This paper presents a conceptual model to deepen our understanding of the
contextual factor of Guanxi with a temporal perspective and its consequent
influence on CES. This helps policy makers as well as strategic management
researchers and academics to reconsider the mechanism of adaptation and selection
in shaping CES in the event of large scale institutional change.
C1 [Cao, Xuanwei] Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ, Int Business Sch Suzhou, Suzhou,
Peoples R China.
[Quazi, Ali] Univ Canberra, Fac Business, Sch Management, Govt & Law, Canberra,
ACT, Australia.
C3 Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; University of Canberra
RP Cao, XW (corresponding author), Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ, Int Business Sch
Suzhou, Suzhou, Peoples R China.
EM xuanwei.cao@xjtlu.edu.cn
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NR 52
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 44
PI BINGLEY
SN 2040-8021
EI 2040-803X
J9 SUSTAIN ACCOUNT MANA
JI Sustain. Account. Manag. Policy J.
PY 2017
VL 8
IS 1
BP 94
EP 112
DI 10.1108/SAMPJ-08-2015-0075
PG 19
WC Business, Finance; Green & Sustainable Science & Technology;
Environmental Studies; Management
SC Business & Economics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental
Sciences & Ecology
GA ER8PU
UT WOS:000399083700005
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Hug, L
Alexander, M
You, DZ
Alkema, L
Alkema, L
Black, R
Cousens, S
Croft, T
Guillot, M
Hill, K
Masquelier, B
Mathers, C
Pedersen, J
Walker, N
Wakefield, J
AF Hug, Lucia
Alexander, Monica
You, Danzhen
Alkema, Leontine
Alkema, Leontine
Black, Robert
Cousens, Simon
Croft, Trevor
Guillot, Michel
Hill, Kenneth
Masquelier, Bruno
Mathers, Colin
Pedersen, Jon
Walker, Neff
Wakefield, John
CA UN Interagcy Grp Child Mortality
TI National, regional, and global levels and trends in neonatal mortality
between 1990 and 2017, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a
systematic analysis
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILD-MORTALITY; NEWBORN BABIES; INTERVENTIONS; SPLINES; DEATHS
AB Background Reducing neonatal mortality is an essential part of the third
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), to end preventable child deaths. To achieve
this aim will require an understanding of the levels of and trends in neonatal
mortality. We therefore aimed to estimate the levels of and trends in neonatal
mortality by use of a statistical model that can be used to assess progress in the
SDG era. With these estimates of neonatal mortality between 1990 and 2017, we then
aimed to assess how different targets for neonatal mortality could affect the
burden of neonatal mortality from 2018 to 2030.
Methods In this systematic analysis, we used nationally-representative empirical
data related to neonatal mortality, including data from vital registration systems,
sample registration systems, and household surveys, to estimate country-specific
neonatal mortality rates (NMR; the probability of dying during the first 28 days of
life) for all countries between 1990 (or the earliest year of available data) and
2017. For our analysis, we used all publicly available data on neonatal mortality
from databases compiled annually by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality
Estimation, which were extracted on or before July 31,2018, for data relating to
the period between 1950 and 2017. All nationally representative data were assessed.
We used a Bayesian hierarchical penalised B-splines regression model, which allowed
for data from different sources to be weighted differently, to account for variable
biases and for the uncertainty in NMR to be assessed. The model simultaneously
estimated a global association between NMR and under-5 mortality rate and country-
specific and time-specific effects, which enabled us to identify countries with an
NMR that was higher or lower than expected. Scenario-based projections were made at
the county level by use of current levels of and trends in neonatal mortality and
historic or annual rates of reduction that would be required to achieve national
targets. The main outcome that we assessed was the levels of and trends in neonatal
mortality and the global and regional NMRs from 1990 to 2017.
Findings Between 1990 and 2017, the global NMR decreased by 51% (90% uncertainty
interval [UI] 46-54), from 36.6 deaths per 1000 livebirths (35.5-37.8) in 1990, to
18.0 deaths per 1000 livebirths (17.0-19.9) in 2017. The estimated number of
neonatal deaths during the same period decreased from 5.0 million (4.9 million-5.2
million ) to 2.5 million (2.4 million-2.8 million). Annual NMRs vary widely across
the world, but west and central Africa and south Asia had the highest NMRs in 2017.
All regions have reported reductions in NMRs since 1990, and most regions
accelerated progress in reducing neonatal mortality in 2000-17 versus 1990-2000.
Between 2018 and 2030, we project that 27.8 million children will die in their
first month of life if each country maintains its current rate of reduction in NMR.
If each country achieves the SDG neonatal mortality target of 12 deaths per 1000
livebirths or fewer by 2030, we project 22.7 million cumulative neonatal deaths by
2030. More than 60 countries need to accelerate their progress to reach the
neonatal mortality SDG target by 2030.
Interpretation Although substantial progress has been made in reducing neonatal
mortality since 1990, increased efforts to improve progress are still needed to
achieve the SDG target by 2030. Accelerated improvements are most needed in the
regions and countries with high NMR, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and south
Asia. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Hug, Lucia; You, Danzhen] UN Childrens Fund, Data & Analyt Sect, New York, NY
10038 USA.
[Alexander, Monica] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Alkema, Leontine] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
C3 University of Toronto; University of Massachusetts System; University of
Massachusetts Amherst
RP Hug, L (corresponding author), UN Childrens Fund, Data & Analyt Sect, New York,
NY 10038 USA.
EM lhug@unicef.org
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1180460]; United States Agency for
International Development
FX The UN International Children's Fund (UNICEF) child mortality estimation
work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant no.
OPP1180460) and the United States Agency for International Development.
We are grateful to New Jin Rou, Jing Liu, David Sharrow, and Yuhan Sun
for their assistance in the estimation of neonatal mortality rates.
Thanks to Wahyu Retno Mahanani and Jessica Ho for assistance in country
consultation. Special thanks to members of The Technical Advisory Group
of the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME;
Leontine Alkema, Robert Black, Simon Cousens, Trevor Croft, Michel
Guillot, Kenneth Hill, Bruno Masquelier, Colin Mathers, Jon Pedersen,
Neff Walker, and John Wakefield) and members of the UN IGME (Victor
Gaigbe-Togbe, Patrick Gerland, John Grove, Dan Hogan, Emi Suzuki,
Danzhen You) for providing technical guidance on child mortality
estimation. The content of this Article is solely the responsibility of
the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of
UNICEF or those of the institutions to which the authors are affiliated.
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NR 34
TC 298
Z9 301
U1 9
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2214-109X
PD JUN
PY 2019
VL 7
IS 6
BP E710
EP E720
DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30163-9
PG 11
(SSCI)
GA HY0SJ
UT WOS:000467822500017
PM 31097275
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Hedley, JD
Roelfsema, C
Brando, V
Giardino, C
Kutser, T
Phinn, S
Mumby, PJ
Barrilero, O
Laporte, J
Koetz, B
AF Hedley, John D.
Roelfsema, Chris
Brando, Vittorio
Giardino, Claudia
Kutser, Tiit
Phinn, Stuart
Mumby, Peter J.
Barrilero, Omar
Laporte, Jean
Koetz, Benjamin
TI Coral reef applications of Sentinel-2: Coverage, characteristics,
bathymetry and benthic mapping with comparison to Landsat 8
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Coral reefs; Sentinel-2; Landsat; Bathymetry; Habitat mapping; Sun glint
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SATELLITE OBSERVATION;
SEMIANALYTICAL MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IKONOS DATA; SUN GLINT;
CLASSIFICATION; INSTRUMENT; ENVIRONMENTS
AB The Sentinel-2A and 2B Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) offers a specification of
potential value toward a number of objectives in remote sensing of coral reefs.
Coral reefs represent a unique challenge for remote sensing, being highly
heterogeneous at metre scales and occurring at variable depths and water clarity
regimes. However, conservation initiatives, such as the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals, add urgency to the need for the large scale environmental
monitoring information that remote sensing can provide. In the quest to meet this
challenge a range of satellite instruments have been leveraged, from Landsat to
high spatial resolution sensors such as WorldView-2, toward objectives such as:
mapping of bottom types, bathymetry, change detection, and detection of coral
bleaching events. Sentinel-2A and 2B offer a new paradigm of available instruments,
with a 5-day revisit, 10m multispectral spatial resolution and freely available
data. Pre-launch simulation analyses by several of the authors suggested Sentinel-2
would have good performance for reef applications, in this paper we follow up on
this study by reviewing the potential based on the substantial archive of actual
data now available.
First we determine to what extent the World's reefs are covered by Sentinel-2,
since the mission requirements do not by default include all reefs. Secondly we
review how a 5-day revisit translates to a usable acquisition rate of clear images,
given that cloud and surface glint are common confounding factors. The usable
acquisition rate is the real determinant of the objectives to which the data can be
applied. Finally we apply current processing algorithms to Sentinel-2 data of
several sites over the Great Barrier Reef, including physics-based bathymetry
inversion and object-orientated benthic mapping. Landsat 8 OLI is most comparable
current sensor to Sentinel-2 MSI, so direct comparisons and the possibilities for
data synthesis are explored.
Our findings confirm that Sentinel-2 has excellent performance for meeting
several essential coral reef scientific and monitoring objectives. Taking into
account cloud and sun glint, the usable acquisition rate for a large proportion of
reefs is likely to be around 20 clear images a year on average, giving a new
potential for evaluation of short time-scale disturbances and impacts. The spatial
resolution of 10 m is a key threshold for delineating benthic features of interest
such as coral structures, and there is evidence from image and field data that
bleaching is detectable. Radiometrically Sentinel-2 data can support good results
in physics-based methods, such as bathymetric mapping, comparable to Landsat 8 and
WorldView-2. In addition the large scale acquisition area, provided by the 290 km
wide swath, offers advantages over high spatial resolution imagery for mapping at
multi-reef scales.
Sentinel-2 data can be immediately leveraged with existing methods, to provide a
new level of reef monitoring information compared to that previously available by
remote sensing. Combined with Landsat 8 and the historical Landsat archive, the
data collected today will be invaluable for decades or even centuries to come. In
this context, the main downside of the Sentinel-2 mission is that approximately 12%
of the World's reefs currently lie outside the acquisition plan and are not imaged.
Surprisingly, for a European initiative, coral reefs in European governed
territories are among the worst served globally. These omissions, approximately
only 1/200th of the currently imaged area, limit the global scope which otherwise
would be one of Sentinel-2s greatest strengths.
C1 [Hedley, John D.] Numer Opt Ltd, Tiverton, England.
[Roelfsema, Chris; Phinn, Stuart] Univ Queensland, Remote Sensing Res Ctr, Sch
Earth & Environm Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Brando, Vittorio; Giardino, Claudia] CNR IREA, Inst Electromagnet Sensing
Environm, Natl Res Council Italy, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
[Kutser, Tiit] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, Tallinn, Estonia.
[Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab,
[Barrilero, Omar] CS Syst Informat, 5 Rue Brindejonc des Moulinais, F-31500
Toulouse, France.
[Laporte, Jean] ARGANS Ltd, Plymouth Sci Pk, Plymouth, Devon, England.
[Koetz, Benjamin] European Space Agcy, Earth Observat, Dept Sci Applicat &
Climate, Frascati, Italy.
C3 University of Queensland; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR);
Istituto Per Il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico Dell'Ambiente (IREA-CNR);
University of Tartu; Estonian Marine Institute; University of
Queensland; European Space Agency
RP Hedley, JD (corresponding author), Numer Opt Ltd, Tiverton, England.
EM j.d.hedley@numopt.com
RI Brando, Vittorio/A-1321-2008; Giardino, Claudia/O-9923-2015; Kutser,
Tiit/H-1304-2015; Roelfsema, Chris/AAV-1277-2020; Phinn, Stuart
R/J-8457-2013; Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010
OI Brando, Vittorio/0000-0002-2193-5695; Giardino,
Claudia/0000-0002-3937-4988; Roelfsema, Chris/0000-0003-0182-1356;
Phinn, Stuart R/0000-0002-2605-6104; Mumby, Peter/0000-0002-6297-9053
FU European Space Agency project Sen2Coral, SEOM programme (S2 for Land and
Water, Coral Reefs); Great Barrier Reef Foundation
FX The work presented here was part funded by the European Space Agency
project Sen2Coral as part of the SEOM programme (S2 for Land and Water,
Coral Reefs). The global coral reef map was used with kind permission of
UNEP-WCMC. The bathymetry data from Lizard Island was provided by Sarah
Hamylton and Rob Beaman. The Great Barrier Reef Foundation funded
development work, field work and analysis related to the benthic mapping
exercise. OBIA image analysis was performed with eCognition and software
support was provided by Trimble. Fieldwork and field data analysis could
not have been done without the help of volunteer field teams and the
charter vessel MV Kalinda.
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NR 65
TC 121
Z9 124
U1 12
U2 61
PI NEW YORK
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 2018
VL 216
BP 598
EP 614
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2018.07.014
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA GV3JL
UT WOS:000445990100042
OA hybrid
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Landrigan, PJ
Stegeman, JJ
Fleming, LE
Allemand, D
Anderson, DM
Backer, LC
Brucker-Davis, F
Chevalier, N
Corra, L
Czerucka, D
Bottein, MYD
Demeneix, B
Depledge, M
Deheyn, DD
Dorman, CJ
Fenichel, P
Fisher, S
Gaill, F
Galgani, F
Gaze, WH
Giuliano, L
Grandjean, P
Hahn, ME
Hamdoun, A
Hess, P
Judson, B
Laborde, A
McGlade, J
Mu, J
Mustapha, A
Neira, M
Noble, RT
Pedrotti, ML
Reddy, C
Rocklov, J
Scharler, UM
Shanmugam, H
Taghian, G
van de Water, JAJM
Vezzulli, L
Weihe, P
Zeka, A
Raps, H
Rampal, P
AF Landrigan, Philip J.
Stegeman, John J.
Fleming, Lora E.
Allemand, Denis
Anderson, Donald M.
Backer, Lorraine C.
Brucker-Davis, Francoise
Chevalier, Nicolas
Corra, Lilian
Czerucka, Dorota
Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui
Demeneix, Barbara
Depledge, Michael
Deheyn, Dimitri D.
Dorman, Charles J.
Fenichel, Patrick
Fisher, Samantha
Gaill, Francoise
Galgani, Francois
Gaze, William H.
Giuliano, Laura
Grandjean, Philippe
Hahn, Mark E.
Hamdoun, Amro
Hess, Philipp
Judson, Bret
Laborde, Amalia
McGlade, Jacqueline
Mu, Jenna
Mustapha, Adetoun
Neira, Maria
Noble, Rachel T.
Pedrotti, Maria Luiza
Reddy, Christopher
Rocklov, Joacim
Scharler, Ursula M.
Shanmugam, Hariharan
Taghian, Gabriella
van de Water, Jeroen A. J. M.
Vezzulli, Luigi
Weihe, Pal
Zeka, Ariana
Raps, Herve
Rampal, Patrick
TI Human Health and Ocean Pollution
SO ANNALS OF GLOBAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Review
ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYBROMINATED
DIPHENYL ETHERS; TIRE WEAR PARTICLES; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER; PRENATAL METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING
CHEMICALS; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLASTIC DEBRIS
AB Background: Pollution - unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human
activity - is the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is
responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous
economic losses, erosion of human capital, and degradation of ecosystems. Ocean
pollution is an important, but insufficiently recognized and inadequately
controlled component of global pollution. It poses serious threats to human health
and well-being. The nature and magnitude of these impacts are only beginning to be
understood.
Goals: (1) Broadly examine the known and potential impacts of ocean pollution on
human health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international
organizations, civil society, and the global public of these threats. (3) Propose
priorities for interventions to control and prevent pollution of the seas and
safeguard human health.
Methods: Topic-focused reviews that examine the effects of ocean pollution on
human health, identify gaps in knowledge, project future trends, and offer
evidence-based guidance for effective intervention.
Environmental Findings: Pollution of the oceans is widespread, worsening, and in
most countries poorly controlled. It is a complex mixture of toxic metals,
plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes,
pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage.
More than 80% arises from land-based sources. It reaches the oceans through rivers,
runoff, atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. It is often heaviest near the
coasts and most highly concentrated along the coasts of low- and middle-income
countries. Plastic is a rapidly increasing and highly visible component of ocean
pollution, and an estimated 10 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the seas
each year. Mercury is the metal pollutant of greatest concern in the oceans; it is
released from two main sources - coal combustion and small-scale gold mining.
Global spread of industrialized agriculture with increasing use of chemical
fertilizer leads to extension of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) to previously
unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants are ubiquitous and contaminate seas and
marine organisms from the high Arctic to the abyssal depths.
Ecosystem Findings: Ocean pollution has multiple negative impacts on marine
ecosystems, and these impacts are exacerbated by global climate change. Petroleum-
based pollutants reduce photosynthesis in marine microorganisms that generate
oxygen. Increasing absorption of carbon dioxide into the seas causes ocean
acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves
calcium-containing microorganisms at the base of the marine food web, and increases
the toxicity of some pollutants. Plastic pollution threatens marine mammals, fish,
and seabirds and accumulates in large mid-ocean gyres. It breaks down into
microplastic and nanoplastic particles containing multiple manufactured chemicals
that can enter the tissues of marine organisms, including species consumed by
humans. Industrial releases, runoff, and sewage increase frequency and severity of
HABs, bacterial pollution, and anti-microbial resistance. Pollution and sea surface
warming are triggering poleward migration of dangerous pathogens such as the Vibrio
species. Industrial discharges, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, and sewage
contribute to global declines in fish stocks.
Human Health Findings: Methylmercury and PCBs are the ocean pollutants whose
human health effects are best understood. Exposures of infants in utero to these
pollutants through maternal consumption of contaminated seafood can damage
developing brains, reduce IQ and increase children's risks for autism, ADHD and
learning disorders. Adult exposures to methylmercury increase risks for
cardiovascular disease and dementia. Manufactured chemicals - phthalates, bisphenol
A, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals, many of them released into the
seas from plastic waste - can disrupt endocrine signaling, reduce male fertility,
damage the nervous system, and increase risk of cancer. HABs produce potent toxins
that accumulate in fish and shellfish. When ingested, these toxins can cause severe
neurological impairment and rapid death. HAB toxins can also become airborne and
cause respiratory disease. Pathogenic marine bacteria cause gastrointestinal
diseases and deep wound infections. With climate change and increasing pollution,
risk is high that Vibrio infections, including cholera, will increase in frequency
and extend to new areas. All of the health impacts of ocean pollution fall
disproportionately on vulnerable populations in the Global South - environmental
injustice on a planetary scale.
Conclusions: Ocean pollution is a global problem. It arises from multiple
sources and crosses national boundaries. It is the consequence of reckless,
shortsighted, and unsustainable exploitation of the earth's resources. It endangers
marine ecosystems. It impedes the production of atmospheric oxygen. Its threats to
human health are great and growing, but still incompletely understood. Its economic
costs are only beginning to be counted.
Ocean pollution can be prevented. Like all forms of pollution, ocean pollution
can be controlled by deploying data-driven strategies based on law, policy,
technology, and enforcement that target priority pollution sources. Many countries
have used these tools to control air and water pollution and are now applying them
to ocean pollution. Successes achieved to date demonstrate that broader control is
feasible. Heavily polluted harbors have been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, and
coral reefs restored.
Prevention of ocean pollution creates many benefits. It boosts economies,
increases tourism, helps restore fisheries, and improves human health and well-
being. It advances the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits will
last for centuries.
Recommendations: World leaders who recognize the gravity of ocean pollution,
acknowledge its growing dangers, engage civil society and the global public, and
take bold, evidence-based action to stop pollution at source will be critical to
preventing ocean pollution and safeguarding human health.
Prevention of pollution from land-based sources is key. Eliminating coal
combustion and banning all uses of mercury will reduce mercury pollution. Bans on
single-use plastic and better management of plastic waste reduce plastic pollution.
Bans on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have reduced pollution by PCBs and
DDT. Control of industrial discharges, treatment of sewage, and reduced
applications of fertilizers have mitigated coastal pollution and are reducing
frequency of HABs. National, regional and international marine pollution control
programs that are adequately funded and backed by strong enforcement have been
shown to be effective. Robust monitoring is essential to track progress.
Further interventions that hold great promise include wide-scale transition to
renewable fuels; transition to a circular economy that creates little waste and
focuses on equity rather than on endless growth; embracing the principles of green
chemistry; and building scientific capacity in all countries.
Designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) will safeguard critical ecosystems,
protect vulnerable fish stocks, and enhance human health and well-being. Creation
of MPAs is an important manifestation of national and international commitment to
protecting the health of the seas.
C1 [Landrigan, Philip J.; Fisher, Samantha; Judson, Bret; Mu, Jenna; Shanmugam,
Hariharan; Taghian, Gabriella] Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA.
[Stegeman, John J.; Anderson, Donald M.; Fisher, Samantha; Hahn, Mark E.] Woods
Hole Oceanog Inst, Wood Hole Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Fleming, Lora E.; Depledge, Michael] Univ Exeter, Med Sch, Exeter, Devon,
England.
[Allemand, Denis; Czerucka, Dorota; van de Water, Jeroen A. J. M.; Raps, Herve;
Rampal, Patrick] Ctr Sci Monaco, Monaco, Monaco.
[Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
[Brucker-Davis, Francoise; Chevalier, Nicolas; Fenichel, Patrick] Univ Cote
dAzur, Biot, France.
[Brucker-Davis, Francoise; Chevalier, Nicolas; Fenichel, Patrick] Ctr Hosp Univ
Nice, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.
[Corra, Lilian] Int Soc Doctors Environm ISDE, Basel, Switzerland.
[Corra, Lilian] Hlth & Environm Global Alliance Hlth & Pollut GAH, New York, NY
USA.
[Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui] UNESCO, Infergovt Mental Oceanog Commiss,
Paris, France.
[Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui] Univ Copenhagen, IOC Sci & Commun Ctr Harmful
Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui] Ecotoxicol & Dev Durable Expertise ECODD,
Valbonne, France.
[Demeneix, Barbara; Gaill, Francoise; Pedrotti, Maria Luiza] Ctr Natl Rech Sci,
Paris, France.
[Demeneix, Barbara] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France.
[Deheyn, Dimitri D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA
92093 USA.
[Dorman, Charles J.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
[Galgani, Francois; Hess, Philipp] Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mers, Issy Les
Moulineaux, France.
[Gaze, William H.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Giuliano, Laura] CIESM Mediterranean Sci Commiss, Monte Carlo, Monaco.
[Grandjean, Philippe] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138
USA.
[Hamdoun, Amro] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Laborde, Amalia] Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
[McGlade, Jacqueline] UCL, Inst Global Prosper, London, England.
[McGlade, Jacqueline] Strathmore Univ, Business Sch, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Mustapha, Adetoun] Nigerian Inst Med Res, Lagos, Nigeria.
[Mustapha, Adetoun] Imperial Coll London, London, England.
[Neira, Maria] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
[Pedrotti, Maria Luiza] Sorbonne Univ, Paris, France.
[Reddy, Christopher] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods
Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Rocklov, Joacim] Umea Univ, Sect Sustainable Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med,
Umea, Sweden.
[Scharler, Ursula M.] Univ Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
[Vezzulli, Luigi] Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
[Weihe, Pal] Univ Faroe Isl, Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
[Weihe, Pal] Dept Occupat Med & Publ Hlth, Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
[Zeka, Ariana] Brunel Univ London, London, England.
[Raps, Herve; Rampal, Patrick] WHO Collaborating Ctr Hlth & Sustainable Dev,
Monaco, Monaco.
C3 Boston College; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; University of
Exeter; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA; UDICE-French
Research Universities; Universite Cote d'Azur; CHU Nice; Institut
National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); UDICE-French
Research Universities; Universite Cote d'Azur; University of Copenhagen;
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); University of California System; University
of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Trinity
College Dublin; Ifremer; University of Exeter; Harvard University;
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of California
System; University of California San Diego; Universidad de la Republica,
Uruguay; University of London; University College London; Strathmore
University; Imperial College London; World Health Organization;
University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill;
UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite; Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution; Umea University; University of Kwazulu Natal;
University of Genoa; Brunel University
RP Landrigan, PJ (corresponding author), Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA.
EM phil.landrigan@bc.edu
RI galgani, francois/A-1973-2011; van de Water, Jeroen A.J.M./F-1302-2011;
Gaze, William/HCH-3571-2022; Dorman, Charles J/N-9867-2015; Hess,
Philipp/G-1761-2010; Fleming, Lora E/ABH-1310-2021; Hamdoun,
Amro/AAE-1905-2021; Grandjean, Philippe/I-2962-2014
OI galgani, francois/0000-0001-8770-6054; van de Water, Jeroen
A.J.M./0000-0001-6974-2270; Dorman, Charles J/0000-0002-6018-9170; Hess,
Philipp/0000-0002-9047-1345; Fleming, Lora E/0000-0003-1076-9967; Reddy,
Christopher/0000-0002-7814-2071; Scharler, Ursula/0000-0003-0493-2684;
Shanmugam, Hariharan/0000-0003-4083-4803; Grandjean,
Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658; Mustapha, Adetoun/0000-0002-6035-1086;
Rocklov, Joacim/0000-0003-4030-0449; CHEVALIER,
Nicolas/0000-0001-7160-4301; Gaze, William/0000-0002-9345-6204;
Stegeman, John/0000-0001-8204-5357; McGlade,
Jacqueline/0000-0002-8657-6734; Depledge, Michael/0000-0002-7216-0439
FU Centre Scientifique de Monaco; Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation;
Government of the Principality of Monaco; U.S. Oceans and Human Health
Program (NIH) [P01ES028938]; U.S. Oceans and Human Health Program
(National Science Foundation) [OCE-1840381]; European Union's Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme [774567, 666773]; BEST
Initiative; program H2020; Science Foundation Ireland [13/IA/1875];
Natural Environment Research Council [NE/S006257/1]; National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the NIH,, a Superfund center
grant for the Sources, Transport, Exposure and Effects of Perfluoroalkyl
Substances (STEEP) Center [ES027706]; NIH; NSF [NIH ES030318, NSF
1840844]; IAEA Core Research Project [K41014]; European H2020 program
[778069]; Atlantic Interreg [Alertox-Net EAPA-317-2016]; EFSA
[GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2015/03]; US National Science Foundation Accelerating
Innovations in Research [1602023]; NOAA NERRS Science Collaborative;
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); European FP7
Program Grant [AQUAVALENS 311846]; European Union [VIVALDI 678589];
Danish EPA programme: Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic;
Faroese Research Council; NERC [NE/S006257/1] Funding Source: UKRI
FX Research supported by:r The Centre Scientifique de Monaco, the Prince
Albert II of Monaco Foundation and the Government of the Principality of
Monacor John J. Stegeman is supported by U.S. Oceans and Human Health
Program (NIH grant P01ES028938 and National Science Foundation grant
OCE-1840381).r Lora E. Fleming is supported by the European Union's
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No
774567 (H2020 SOPHIE Project) and No 666773 (H2020 BlueHealth Project).r
Plastic toxicity research for Dimitri Deheyn is supported by the BEST
Initiative (https://deheynlab.ucsd.edu/best-2/).r Barbara Demeneix is
supported by grants from the program H2020.r Charles J. Dorman is
supported by Science Foundation Ireland Investigator Award 13/IA/1875.r
William H. Gaze is supported by a Natural Environment Research Council
Knowledge Exchange Fellowship NE/S006257/1 on the environmental
dimension of antimicrobial resistance.r Philippe Grandjean is supported
by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the
NIH (grant No. ES027706), a Superfund center grant for the Sources,
Transport, Exposure and Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (STEEP)
Center.r Mark E. Hahn is supported by U.S. Oceans and Human Health
Program (NIH grant P01ES028938 and National Science Foundation grant
OCE-1840381).r Amro Hamdoun is supported by NIH and NSF Program on
Oceans and Human Health Grants NIH ES030318 and NSF 1840844.r Philipp
Hess is supported by the IAEA Core Research Project K41014, by the
European H2020 program for funding the EMERTOX project (grant number
778069), by the Atlantic Interreg (grant number Alertox-Net
EAPA-317-2016) and by EFSA for the project EUROCIGUA (framework
partnership agreement GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2015/03).r Rachel T. Noble was
supported by the US National Science Foundation Accelerating Innovations
in Research #1602023 and the NOAA NERRS Science Collaborative.r Maria
Luiza Pedrotti is supported by Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique (CNRS).r Luigi Vezzulli is supported by the following
grants: European FP7 Program Grant AQUAVALENS 311846 and European
Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program Grant VIVALDI
678589.r Pal Weihe is supported by the Danish EPA programme: Danish
Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic and by the Faroese Research
Council.
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NR 581
TC 102
Z9 105
U1 119
U2 457
PU UBIQUITY PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA Unit 3.22, East London Works, 65-75 Whitechapel Road, LONDON, E1 1DU,
ENGLAND
SN 2214-9996
J9 ANN GLOB HEALTH
JI Ann. Glob. Health
PY 2020
VL 86
IS 1
AR 151
DI 10.5334/aogh.2831
PG 64
(SSCI)
GA PA1JX
UT WOS:000595376400001
PM 33354517
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Gilpin, C
Korobitsyn, A
Migliori, GB
Raviglione, MC
Weyer, K
AF Gilpin, Christopher
Korobitsyn, Alexei
Migliori, Giovanni Battista
Raviglione, Mario C.
Weyer, Karin
TI The World Health Organization standards for tuberculosis care and
management
SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ELIMINATION
AB Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health priority, with 10.4 million people
developing the disease in 2016 (10% among HIV co-infected individuals), 1.67
million deaths and 490 000 multidrug-resistant (MDR) plus an additional 110000
rifampicin-resistant cases [1].
In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the End TB Strategy [1]
within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The new strategy was designed to be consistent with the preceding WHO-recommended
strategies for TB care and control [2]: the DOTS strategy (launched in 1994,
creating the basis for effective TB care and management activities by standardising
the requirements to address the epidemic) and the Stop TB Strategy (launched in
2006, aimed at tackling the emerging priorities, such as MDR-TB and TB/HIV co-
infection).
In order to end the TB epidemic (which is one of the SDG targets) several
interventions need to be implemented. They include the core anti-TB interventions
(diagnosis, treatment and prevention), which are described under Pillar I of the
Strategy; and several socioeconomic and public health interventions, which are
often under the responsibility of ministries other than the ministry of health
(e.g. economy, finance, interior or justice) and are presented under Pillar II.
Intensified research activities and innovation are covered by Pillar III.
The multidimensional interventions of the End TB Strategy and their potential
impact on the TB epidemic are summarised in figure 1, and apply to both high and
low TB and HIV burden settings. In countries at low TB incidence (< 10 cases per
100 000 population), optimal application of the principles of the strategy should
allow approach of the pre-elimination threshold (< 10 TB cases per million
population) and hopefully also the TB elimination one (< 1 TB case per million) by
2035 [4-7].
In November 2017, WHO launched a core document: the"Compendium of WHO guidelines
and associated standards: ensuring optimum delivery of the cascade of care for
patients with tuberculosis", hereafter referred to as the Compendium. It is
structured into WHO-recommended TB standards and consolidates all current WHO TB
policy recommendations into a single resource. The document thus provides a
framework for reaching the ambitious targets in the End TB Strategy [3].
The aim of this editorial is to introduce this comprehensive resource to a wide
audience. The Compendium is relevant for all healthcare providers (clinically
oriented as well as public health-oriented readers) in both the private and public
sectors.
The document describes the principles on which the End TB Strategy is based
(such as ethical considerations, community engagement, public-private mix and
engaging all care providers) and provides insight to the formal WHO policy
development process. Furthermore, the Compendium covers the activities of Pillar I
of the End TB Strategy, focusing on integrated, patient-centred diagnosis,
treatment and prevention of TB in adults and children, within close collaboration
involving civil society, the social sector, local communities and other
stakeholders [3].
The Compendium has been developed as a clear and concise instrument to
facilitate the understanding and planning of delivery of high-quality care for
everybody affected by TB. It follows the pathway of persons with signs or symptoms
of TB in seeking diagnosis, treatment and care, and includes key algorithms and
cross-cutting elements that are essential to a patient-centred approach in the
cascade of TB care.
Beyond accelerated implementation of existing tools, an effective TB response
must embrace innovation through the rapid uptake of new interventions such as rapid
diagnostics, new medicines and digital platforms to modernise care provision.
Working with communities, civil society and all partners, governments need to
assume full responsibility for ensuring person-centred, modern, high-quality TB
services and securing comprehensive care along with essential support for each
person with TB, which also calls for collaboration within and beyond the health
sector. The Compendium is consistent with the principles of International Standards
of TB Care [8] and with the European Standards for TB Care [9] in stressing the
need to engage all care providers regardless of whether care is sought from public,
voluntary, private or corporate care providers.
The Compendium will be updated regularly, including in digital format, to allow
incorporation of new evidence emerging from the rapidly evolving TB diagnostic and
treatment landscape.
The Compendium includes 33 standards (tables 1 and 2). Table 1 presents the WHO
standards for early TB detection, reminding clinicians and other healthcare
providers that prompt clinical evaluation for TB is essential (standards 1-4).
Standards 5-10 are focused on the importance of quality-assured diagnostic tests
for the detection of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. Standards 11 and 18
provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of latent TB infection. Standards
12-17 relate to the treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB cases.
C1 [Gilpin, Christopher; Korobitsyn, Alexei; Weyer, Karin] WHO, Global TB
Programme, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Migliori, Giovanni Battista] WHO, IRCCS, Maugeri Care & Res Inst, Collaborating
Ctr TB & Lung Dis, Tradate, Italy.
[Raviglione, Mario C.] Univ Milan, Dept Global Hlth, Milan, Italy.
C3 World Health Organization; World Health Organization; University of
Milan
RP Migliori, GB (corresponding author), WHO, Collaborating Ctr TB & Lung Dis, Fdn S
Maugeri, Care & Res Inst, Via Roncaccio 16, I-21049 Tradate, Italy.
EM giovannibattista.migliori@icsmaugeri.it
RI Migliori, Giovanni Battista/AAB-8589-2020
OI Migliori, Giovanni Battista/0000-0002-2597-574X
CR Al Yaquobi F, 2018, EUR RESPIR J, V51, DOI 10.1183/13993003.02027-2017
Blasi F, 2017, EUR RESPIR J, V49, DOI 10.1183/13993003.02242-2016
Dara M, 2015, EUR RESPIR J, V45, P577, DOI 10.1183/09031936.00229514
Falzon D, 2017, EUR RESPIR J, V49, DOI 10.1183/13993003.02308-2016
Getahun H, 2015, EUR RESPIR J, V46, P1563, DOI 10.1183/13993003.01245-2015
Lonnroth K, 2015, EUR RESPIR J, V45, P928, DOI 10.1183/09031936.00214014
Migliori GB, 2012, EUR RESPIR J, V39, P807, DOI 10.1183/09031936.00203811
Organization WH, 2016, CHEST RAD TUB DET SU
Sotgiu G, 2013, NEW ENGL J MED, V368, P88, DOI 10.1056/NEJMc1212308
TB CARE I, 2014, INT STAND TUB CAR
Voniatis C, 2014, EUR RESPIR J, V44, P543, DOI 10.1183/09031936.00044314
WHO, 2017, GUID TREATM DRUG SUS
World Health O, 2015, US LAT FLOW UR LIP A
World Health Organisation, 2016, US MOL LIN PROB ASS
World Health Organization, 2012, WHOHTM TB20129
World Health Organization, 2015, IMPL TUB DIAGN POL F, P39
World Health Organization, 2017, GLOB TUB REP 2017
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World Health Organization (WHO), 2014, DEF REP FRAM TUB 201
NR 30
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 18
PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD
PI SHEFFIELD
PA 442 GLOSSOP RD, SHEFFIELD S10 2PX, ENGLAND
SN 0903-1936
EI 1399-3003
J9 EUR RESPIR J
JI Eur. Resp. J.
PD MAR 1
PY 2018
VL 51
IS 3
AR 1800098
DI 10.1183/13993003.00098-2018
PG 6
WC Respiratory System
SC Respiratory System
GA GB9YD
UT WOS:000429430000035
PM 29567724
OA Bronze
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Jewkes, R
Fulu, E
Naved, RT
Chirwa, E
Dunkle, K
Haardorfer, R
Garcia-Moreno, C
AF Jewkes, Rachel
Fulu, Emma
Naved, Ruchira Tabassam
Chirwa, Esnat
Dunkle, Kristin
Haardorfer, Regine
Garcia-Moreno, Claudia
CA UN Multicountry Study Men Vi
TI Women's and men's reports of past-year prevalence of intimate partner
violence and rape and women's risk factors for intimate partner
violence: A multicountry cross-sectional study in Asia and the Pacific
SO PLOS MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; SOUTH-AFRICA
AB Background
Understanding the past-year prevalence of male-perpetrated intimate partner
violence (IPV) and risk factors is essential for building evidence-based prevention
and monitoring progress to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.2, but so far,
population-based research on this remains very limited. The objective of this study
is to compare the population prevalence rates of past-year male-perpetrated IPV and
nonpartner rape from women's and men's reports across 4 countries in Asia and the
Pacific. A further objective is to describe the risk factors associated with
women's experience of past-year physical or sexual IPV from women's reports and
factors driving women's past-year experience of partner violence.
Methods and findings
This paper presents findings from the United Nations Multi-country Study on Men
and Violence in Asia and the Pacific. In the course of this study, in population-
based cross-sectional surveys, 5,206 men and 3,106 women aged 18-49 years were
interviewed from 4 countries: Cambodia, China, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and Sri
Lanka. To measure risk factors, we use logistic regression and structural equation
modelling to show pathways and mediators. The analysis was not based on a written
plan, and following a reviewer's comments, some material was moved to supplementary
files and the regression was performed without variable elimination. Men reported
more lifetime perpetration of IPV (physical or sexual IPV range 32.5%-80%) than
women did experience (physical or sexual IPV range 27.5%-67.4%), but women's
reports of past-year experience (physical or sexual IPV range 8.2%-32.1%) were not
very clearly different from men's (physical or sexual IPV range 10.1% -34.0%).
Women reported much more emotional/economic abuse (past-year ranges 1.4%-5.7% for
men and 4.1%-27.7% for women). Reports of nonpartner rape were similar for men
(range 0.8%-1.9% in the past year) and women (range 0.4%-2.3% in past year), except
in Bougainville, where they were higher for men (11.7% versus 5.7%). The risk
factor modelling shows 4 groups of variables to be important in experience of past-
year sexual and/or physical IPV: (1) poverty, (2) all childhood trauma, (3)
quarrelling and women's limited control in relationships, and (4) partner factors
(substance abuse, unemployment, and infidelity). The population attributable
fraction (PAF) was largest for quarrelling often, but the second greatest PAF was
for the group related to exposure to violence in childhood. The relationship
control variable group had the third highest PAF, followed by other partner
factors. Currently married women were also more at risk. In the structural model, a
resilience pathway showed less poverty, higher education, and more gender-equitable
ideas were connected and conveyed protection from IPV. These are all amenable risk
factors. This research was cross-sectional, so we cannot be sure of the temporal
sequence of exposure, but the outcome being a past-year measure to some extent
mitigates this problem.
Conclusions
Past-year IPV indicators based on women's reported experience that were
developed to track SDG 5 are probably reasonably reliable but will not always give
the same prevalence as may be reported by men. Report validity requires further
research. Interviews with men to track past-year nonpartner rape perpetration are
feasible and important. The findings suggest a range of factors are associated with
past-year physical and/or sexual IPV exposure; of particular interest is the
resilience pathway suggested by the structural model, which is highly amenable to
intervention and explains why combining economic empowerment of women and gender
empowerment/relationship skills training has been successful. This study provides
additional rationale for scaling up violence prevention interventions that combine
economic and gender empowerment/relationship skills building of women, as well as
the value of investing in girls' education with a view to long-term violence
reduction.
C1 [Jewkes, Rachel; Chirwa, Esnat; Dunkle, Kristin] Univ Witwatersrand, Gender &
Hlth Res Unit, Med Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
[Jewkes, Rachel; Chirwa, Esnat; Dunkle, Kristin] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Publ
Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa.
[Fulu, Emma] Equal Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Naved, Ruchira Tabassam] Int Ctr Diarrhoea Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[Haardorfer, Regine] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
[Garcia-Moreno, Claudia] World Hlth Org, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva,
Switzerland.
C3 South African Medical Research Council; University of Witwatersrand;
University of Witwatersrand; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease
Research (ICDDR); Emory University; World Health Organization
RP Jewkes, R (corresponding author), Univ Witwatersrand, Gender & Hlth Res Unit,
Med Res Council, Pretoria, South Africa.; Jewkes, R (corresponding author), Univ
Witwatersrand, Sch Publ Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa.
EM rjewkes@mrc.ac.za
RI Dunkle, Kristin/AAU-5488-2020; Shanahan, Thomas/AAP-3822-2020
OI Dunkle, Kristin/0000-0003-3071-5544; Shanahan,
Thomas/0000-0001-5613-2545; Chirwa, Esnat/0000-0003-0471-4978; Jewkes,
Rachel/0000-0002-4330-6267; Shai, Nwabisa/0000-0003-4171-9129
FU UK Aid from the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for
the benefit of developing countries; Partners for Prevention; UNDP;
UNFPA; UN Women; UNV regional joint programme for gender-based violence
prevention in Asia and the Pacific; CARE; Government of Australia;
Government of Sweden; Government of Norway, and South African Medical
Research Council
FX This document is an output from the What Works to Prevent Violence: a
Global Programme that is funded by the UK Aid from the UK Department for
International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing
countries. The primary research was funded by Partners for Prevention, a
UNDP, UNFPA, UN Women and UNV regional joint programme for gender-based
violence prevention in Asia and the Pacific. Funding was provided by
UNFPA, UN Women, UNDP, CARE, the Government of Australia, the Government
of Sweden, the Government of Norway, and South African Medical Research
Council. No funding bodies had any role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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VL 14
IS 9
AR e1002381
PG 20
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GA FI4TS
UT WOS:000411970300001
PM 28873087
OA Green Published, gold, Green Submitted
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Kasprzak, K
AF Kasprzak, K.
TI Environmental impact of Mrzelyno fishing port modernization within the
NATURA 2000 area
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Coastal Symposium (ICS)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Szczecin, POLAND
SP Univ Szczecin, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Coastal Educ & Res Fdn, Univ
Szczecinski (US), Cztowiek Nauka Srodowisko (CNS), ZMGM, Reg Dyrekcja Ochrony
Srodowiska, Esri, Springer, Lotos, GA2 Syst, World Sci, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Nfosigm, Urzad Marszalkowski Wojewodztwa Zachodniopomorskiego,
Wojewodzki Fundusz Ochrony Srodowiska I Gospodarki Wodnej W Gdansku
DE protecion area Natura 2000; port moderization; impact of investment on
environment
AB Kasprzak, K., 2011. Environmental impact of Mrzezyno fishing port modernization
within the Natura 2000 area. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the
11th International Coastal Symposium), 1238 - 1244. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-
0208
The project requires upgrades of the fishing port infrastructure with
reconstruction of the breakwaters and port access. It also provides construction a
the new mainstream port infrastructure with associated objects intended for fishing
and maritime tourism use. It is partly situated within a special area of
conservation Natura 2000 "Trzebiatow-Kolobrzeg Coastland". Direct works will not be
conducted in Special Protection Area Natura 2000 "Bay of Pometrania" and Special
Protection Area Natura 2000 "Trzebiatow Coast". No protected habitats or habitats
of protected species of plants and animals that needed to be included to Natura
2000 area were found in the port area. Therefore neither the negative nor positive
influences can be determined. According to the modernization all of the planned
technical solutions, in particular, in water and sewage management (the
encapsulation of oily water from ships, extraction and purification of rainwater)
are suitable from Natura 2000 "Bay of Pomerania" point of view. These solutions
eliminate tributery wasted water containing oil compounds to the sea (such
tributary rivers are within "Bay of Pomerania"). Due to these reasons planning of
extra operations on prevention, restriction or nature compensation of negative
impacts on the environment is not necessary, especially on goals and object of
protected area Natura 2000 and its integrity. Planned investments have no relation
with the cleanliness of the Rega river since they are situated below its estuary.
The threat for the Rega ecosystems located in the estuary valley can be its
silting. It may cause water accumulation and flooding of valley ecosystems which
can finally lead to its destruction. Therefore, the positive effect of investments
during the construction stage as well during the exploitation of the port will be
the reaction for silting in the estuary part of the river. It will reduce the
intensity of inundation and will help to keep the present form and condition of
valley ecosystems. To estimate the potential environmental benefits expected as a
result of the solution it can be clearly stated they have a strong advantage over
the possible negative effects. However, in order to achieve them several additional
conditions must be fulfilled. Among the proposed investments of port modernization
the presence of potentially negative, unfavorable, controversial or neutral
solutions were not identified. The investment is also beneficial considering its
social effects. It is developing the maritime economy and tourism, influences
environmental protection and natural resources. Withdrawal from the implementation
of port modernization would constitute non-performance of the tasks specified in
the Operational Program of "Sustainable Development of the Fisheries Sector and
Coastal Fishing Areas 2007-2013". The result of that kind of behavior could cause
the economic and social degradation of the area related to fishing and tourism. It
may also cause some negative environmental effects. Environmental benefits expected
as a result of the project clearly outweigh negative effects but their achievement
is not guaranteed. It requires extra conditions related to projects, realization
and next exploitation of executed renovation solutions. Rising of new buildings
most probably will not have significant environmental effects. Most of them will
help to improve the sanitary conditions in port and towns dependant on fishery. At
the same time it will reduce the pressure on aquatic ecosystems.
The present port's modernization will significantly minimize negative impacts
observed nowadays during the port exploitation. Analysis of the environment and the
impact range will not result in excess of limit values for particular elements of
environment. Hence, there is no need to create a protected area, establish
restrictions in land use or identifying constraints of building facilities and land
use. Studying the impact of planned works during the modernization of Mrzezyno port
a general positive influence, in particular, on the environment, natural sources
and cultural heritage is noticeable.
C1 Univ Sch Phys Educ, Dept Tourism Infrastruct, Poznan, Poland.
RP Kasprzak, K (corresponding author), Univ Sch Phys Educ, Dept Tourism
Infrastruct, Poznan, Poland.
EM kasprzakjk@poczta.onet.pl
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 13
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
EI 1551-5036
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PY 2011
SI 64
BP 1238
EP 1244
PN 2
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Conference Proceedings Citation
Index - Science (CPCI-S)
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 926IR
UT WOS:000302825000042
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Dandona, R
Kumar, GA
Dhaliwal, RS
Naghavi, M
Vos, T
Shukla, DK
Vijayakumar, L
Gururaj, G
Thakur, JS
Ambekar, A
Sagar, R
Arora, M
Bhardwaj, D
Chakma, JK
Dutta, E
Furtado, M
Glenn, S
Hawley, C
Johnson, SC
Khanna, T
Kutz, M
Mountjoy-Venning, WC
Muraleedharan, P
Rangaswamy, T
Varghese, CM
Varghese, M
Reddy, KS
Murray, CJL
Swaminathan, S
Dandona, L
AF Dandona, Rakhi
Kumar, G. Anil
Dhaliwal, R. S.
Naghavi, Mohsen
Vos, Theo
Shukla, D. K.
Vijayakumar, Lakshmi
Gururaj, G.
Thakur, J. S.
Ambekar, Atul
Sagar, Rajesh
Arora, Megha
Bhardwaj, Deeksha
Chakma, Joy K.
Dutta, Eliza
Furtado, Melissa
Glenn, Scott
Hawley, Caitlin
Johnson, Sarah C.
Khanna, Tripti
Kutz, Michael
Mountjoy-Venning, W. Cliff
Muraleedharan, Pallavi
Rangaswamy, Thara
Varghese, Chris M.
Varghese, Mathew
Reddy, K. Srinath
Swaminathan, Soumya
Dandona, Lalit
CA India State-Level Dis Burden In
TI Gender differentials and state variations in suicide deaths in India:
the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016
LA English
DT Article
ID HEALTH; DETERMINANTS; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; TRENDS; IMPACT; WOMEN
AB Background A systematic understanding of suicide mortality trends over time at
the subnational level for India's 1.3 billion people, 18% of the global population,
is not readily available. Thus, we aimed to report time trends of suicide deaths,
and the heterogeneity in its distribution between the states of India from 1990 to
2016.
Methods As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors
Study (GBD) 2016, we estimated suicide death rates (SDRs) for both sexes in each
state of India from 1990 to 2016. We used various data sources for estimating
cause-specific mortality in India. For suicide mortality in India before 2000,
estimates were based largely on GBD covariates. For each state, we calculated the
ratio of the observed SDR to the rate expected in geographies globally with similar
GBD Socio-demographic Index in 2016 (ie, the observed-to-expected ratio); and
assessed the age distribution of suicide deaths, and the men-to-women ratio of SDR
over time. Finally, we assessed the probability for India and the states of
reaching the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of a one-third reduction in
SDR from 2015 to 2030, using location-wise trends of the age-standardised SDR from
1990 to 2016. We calculated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the point
estimates.
Findings There were 230 314 (95% UI 194 058-250 260) suicide deaths in India in
2016. India's contribution to global suicide deaths increased from 25.3% in 1990 to
36.6% in 2016 among women, and from 18.7% to 24.3% among men. Age-standardised SDR
among women in India reduced by 26.7% from 20.0 (95% UI 16.5-23.5) in 1990 to 14.7
(13.1-16.2) per 100 000 in 2016, but the age-standardised SDR among men was the
same in 1990 (22.3 [95% UI 14.4-27.4] per 100 000) and 2016 (21.2 [14.6-23.6] per
100 000). SDR in women was 2.1 times higher in India than the global average in
2016, and the observed-to-expected ratio was 2.74, ranging from 0.45 to 4.54
between the states. SDR in men was 1.4 times higher in India than the global
average in 2016, with an observed-to-expected ratio of 1.31, ranging from 0.40 to
2.42 between the states. There was a ten-fold variation between the states in the
SDR for women and six-fold variation for men in 2016. The men-to-women ratio of SDR
for India was 1.34 in 2016, ranging from 0.97 to 4.11 between the states. The
highest age-specific SDRs among women in 2016 were for ages 15-29 years and 75
years or older, and among men for ages 75 years or older. Suicide was the leading
cause of death in India in 2016 for those aged 15-39 years; 71.2% of the suicide
deaths among women and 57.7% among men were in this age group. If the trends
observed up to 2016 continue, the probability of India achieving the SDG SDR
reduction target in 2030 is zero, and the majority of the states with 81.3% of
India's population have less than 10% probability, three states have a probability
of 10.3-15.0%, and six have a probability of 25.1-36.7%.
Interpretation India's proportional contribution to global suicide deaths is
high and increasing. SDR in India is higher than expected for its Socio-Demographic
Index level, especially for women, with substantial variations in the magnitude and
men-to-women ratio between the states. India must develop a suicide prevention
strategy that takes into account these variations in order to address this major
public health problem. Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
C1 [Dandona, Rakhi; Kumar, G. Anil; Bhardwaj, Deeksha; Dutta, Eliza; Furtado,
Melissa; Muraleedharan, Pallavi; Varghese, Chris M.; Reddy, K. Srinath; Dandona,
Lalit] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram 122002, National Capita, India.
[Dandona, Rakhi; Naghavi, Mohsen; Vos, Theo; Arora, Megha; Glenn, Scott; Hawley,
Caitlin; Johnson, Sarah C.; Kutz, Michael; Mountjoy-Venning, W. Cliff; Murray,
Christopher J. L.; Dandona, Lalit] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat,
[Dhaliwal, R. S.; Shukla, D. K.; Chakma, Joy K.; Khanna, Tripti; Swaminathan,
Soumya] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India.
[Vijayakumar, Lakshmi] SNEHA India, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Vijayakumar, Lakshmi] Voluntary Hlth Serv, Dept Psychiat, Madras, Tamil Nadu,
India.
[Gururaj, G.] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Epidemiol, Bengaluru,
India.
[Varghese, Mathew] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, Bengaluru,
India.
[Thakur, J. S.] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh, India.
[Ambekar, Atul] All India Inst Med Sci, Natl Drug Dependence Treatment Ctr, New
Delhi, India.
[Rangaswamy, Thara] Schizophrenia Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India.
C3 Public Health Foundation of India; Institute for Health Metrics &
Evaluation; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle;
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); National Institute of Mental
Health & Neurosciences - India; National Institute of Mental Health &
Neurosciences - India; Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education &
Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh; All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS) New Delhi; National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC);
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi
RP Dandona, R (corresponding author), Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram 122002,
National Capita, India.
EM rakhi.dandona@phfi.org
RI Sagar, Rajesh/L-7775-2016; Vos, Theo/HLH-2955-2023; Boothapati, Anil
Kumar/HHS-1813-2022; KUMAR, ANIL/ACD-8340-2022; Kumar,
Anil/HJB-2850-2022; Varghese, Mathew/M-9900-2016
OI Kumar, Anil/0000-0002-5817-5829; Dandona, Rakhi/0000-0003-0926-788X;
Bhardwaj, Deeksha/0000-0001-8390-1741; Varghese, Dr Chris
Merin/0000-0003-4015-0938; SAGAR, RAJESH/0000-0003-4563-7841; Varghese,
Mathew/0000-0001-5670-5710; Reddy, K Srinath/0000-0003-3416-3548
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Indian Council of Medical Research,
Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
Government of India
FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and Indian Council of Medical Research,
Government of India.
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NR 60
TC 80
Z9 81
U1 3
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2468-2667
PD OCT
PY 2018
VL 3
IS 10
BP E478
EP E489
DI 10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30138-5
PG 12
(SSCI)
GA GW4RW
UT WOS:000446908100012
PM 30219340
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Vollset, SE
Goren, E
Yuan, CW
Cao, J
Smith, AE
Hsiao, T
Bisignano, C
Azhar, GS
Castro, E
Chalek, J
Dolgert, AJ
Frank, T
Fukutaki, K
Hay, SI
Lozano, R
Mokdad, AH
Nandakumar, V
Pierce, M
Pletcher, M
Robalik, T
Steuben, KM
Wunrow, HY
Zlavog, BS
Murray, CJL
AF Vollset, Stein Emil
Goren, Emily
Yuan, Chun-Wei
Cao, Jackie
Smith, Amanda E.
Hsiao, Thomas
Bisignano, Catherine
Azhar, Gulrez S.
Castro, Emma
Chalek, Julian
Dolgert, Andrew J.
Frank, Tahvi
Fukutaki, Kai
Hay, Simon I.
Lozano, Rafael
Mokdad, Ali H.
Nandakumar, Vishnu
Pierce, Maxwell
Pletcher, Martin
Robalik, Toshana
Steuben, Krista M.
Wunrow, Han Yong
Zlavog, Bianca S.
TI Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195
countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for
the Global Burden of Disease Study
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID DEMOGRAPHIC-TRANSITION; PROJECTIONS; ABORTION; IMPACT
AB Background Understanding potential patterns in future population levels is
crucial for anticipating and planning for changing age structures, resource and
health-care needs, and environmental and economic landscapes. Future fertility
patterns are a key input to estimation of future population size, but they are
surrounded by substantial uncertainty and diverging methodologies of estimation and
forecasting, leading to important differences in global population projections.
Changing population size and age structure might have profound economic, social,
and geopolitical impacts in many countries. In this study, we developed novel
methods for forecasting mortality, fertility, migration, and population. We also
assessed potential economic and geopolitical effects of future demographic shifts.
Methods We modelled future population in reference and alternative scenarios as
a function of fertility, migration, and mortality rates. We developed statistical
models for completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50). Completed cohort
fertility is much more stable over time than the period measure of the total
fertility rate (TFR). We modelled CCF50 as a time-series random walk function of
educational attainment and contraceptive met need. Age-specific fertility rates
were modelled as a function of CCF50 and covariates. We modelled age-specific
mortality to 2100 using underlying mortality, a risk factor scalar, and an
autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Net migration was modelled
as a function of the Socio-demographic Index, crude population growth rate, and
deaths from war and natural disasters; and use of an ARIMA model. The model
framework was used to develop a reference scenario and alternative scenarios based
on the pace of change in educational attainment and contraceptive met need. We
estimated the size of gross domestic product for each country and territory in the
reference scenario. Forecast uncertainty intervals (UIs) incorporated uncertainty
propagated from past data inputs, model estimation, and forecast data
distributions.
Findings The global TFR in the reference scenario was forecasted to be 1.66 (95%
UI 1.33-2.08) in 2100. In the reference scenario, the global population was
projected to peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion (8.84-10.9) people and decline to 8.79
billion (6.83-11.8) in 2100. The reference projections for the five largest
countries in 2100 were India (1.09 billion [0.72-1.71], Nigeria (791 million [594-
1056]), China (732 million [456-1499]), the USA (336 million [248-456]), and
Pakistan (248 million [151-427]). Findings also suggest a shifting age structure in
many parts of the world, with 2.37 billion (1.91-2.87) individuals older than 65
years and 1.70 billion (1.11-2.81) individuals younger than 20 years, forecasted
globally in 2100. By 2050, 151 countries were forecasted to have a TFR lower than
the replacement level (TFR <2.1), and 183 were forecasted to have a TFR lower than
replacement by 2100. 23 countries in the reference scenario, including Japan,
Thailand, and Spain, were forecasted to have population declines greater than 50%
from 2017 to 2100; China's population was forecasted to decline by 48.0% (-6.1 to
68.4). China was forecasted to become the largest economy by 2035 but in the
reference scenario, the USA was forecasted to once again become the largest economy
in 2098. Our alternative scenarios suggest that meeting the Sustainable Development
Goals targets for education and contraceptive met need would result in a global
population of 6.29 billion (4.82-8.73) in 2100 and a population of 6.88 billion
(5.27-9.51) when assuming 99th percentile rates of change in these drivers.
Interpretation Our findings suggest that continued trends in female educational
attainment and access to contraception will hasten declines in fertility and slow
population growth. A sustained TFR lower than the replacement level in many
countries, including China and India, would have economic, social, environmental,
and geopolitical consequences. Policy options to adapt to continued low fertility,
while sustaining and enhancing female reproductive health, will be crucial in the
years to come. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Vollset, Stein Emil; Goren, Emily; Yuan, Chun-Wei; Cao, Jackie; Smith, Amanda
E.; Hsiao, Thomas; Bisignano, Catherine; Azhar, Gulrez S.; Castro, Emma; Chalek,
Julian; Dolgert, Andrew J.; Frank, Tahvi; Fukutaki, Kai; Hay, Simon I.; Lozano,
Rafael; Mokdad, Ali H.; Nandakumar, Vishnu; Pierce, Maxwell; Pletcher, Martin;
Robalik, Toshana; Steuben, Krista M.; Wunrow, Han Yong; Zlavog, Bianca S.; Murray,
Christopher J. L.] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121
USA.
[Vollset, Stein Emil; Hay, Simon I.; Lozano, Rafael; Mokdad, Ali H.; Murray,
Christopher J. L.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA USA.
of Washington Seattle
RP Murray, CJL (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat,
EM cjlm@uw.edu
RI Mokdad, Ali H./AAD-1232-2022; Hay, Simon Iain/F-8967-2015; Lozano,
Rafael/T-5352-2018
OI Mokdad, Ali H./0000-0002-4994-3339; Hay, Simon Iain/0000-0002-0611-7272;
Lozano, Rafael/0000-0002-7356-8823
FU Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation
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POPULATION PRO
POPULATION PRO
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NR 51
TC 315
Z9 328
U1 45
U2 172
PI NEW YORK
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD OCT 17
PY 2020
VL 396
IS 10258
BP 1285
EP 1306
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30677-2
PG 22
(SSCI)
GA OC4UT
UT WOS:000579154000010
PM 32679112
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Wiysonge, CS
Paulsen, E
Lewin, S
Ciapponi, A
Herrera, CA
Opiyo, N
Pantoja, T
Rada, G
Oxman, AD
AF Wiysonge, Charles S.
Paulsen, Elizabeth
Lewin, Simon
Ciapponi, Agustin
Herrera, Cristian A.
Opiyo, Newton
Pantoja, Tomas
Rada, Gabriel
Oxman, Andrew D.
TI Financial arrangements for health systems in low-income countries: an
overview of systematic reviews
SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID ECONOMIC INCENTIVES; CARE; QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; PAY; INTERVENTIONS;
INSURANCE; ADHERENCE; FRAMEWORK; PROGRAMS
AB Background
One target of the Sustainable Development Goals is to achieve "universal health
coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-
care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential
medicines and vaccines for all". A fundamental concern of governments in striving
for this goal is how to finance such a health system. This concern is very relevant
for low-income countries.
Objectives
To provide an overview of the evidence from up-to-date systematic reviews about
the effects of financial arrangements for health systems in low-income countries.
Secondary objectives include identifying needs and priorities for future
evaluations and systematic reviews on financial arrangements, and informing
refinements in the framework for financial arrangements presented in the overview.
Methods
We searched Health Systems Evidence in November 2010 and PDQ-Evidence up to 17
December 2016 for systematic reviews. We did not apply any date, language, or
publication status limitations in the searches. We included well-conducted
systematic reviews of studies that assessed the effects of financial arrangements
on patient outcomes (health and health behaviours), the quality or utilisation of
healthcare services, resource use, healthcare provider outcomes (such as sick
leave), or social outcomes (such as poverty, employment, or financial burden of
patients, e.g. out-of-pocket payment, catastrophic disease expenditure) and that
were published after April 2005. We excluded reviews with limitations important
enough to compromise the reliability of the findings. Two overview authors
independently screened reviews, extracted data, and assessed the certainty of
evidence using GRADE. We prepared SUPPORT Summaries for eligible reviews, including
key messages, 'Summary of findings' tables (using GRADE to assess the certainty of
the evidence), and assessments of the relevance of findings to low-income
countries.
Main results
We identified 7272 reviews and included 15 in this overview, on: collection of
funds (2 reviews), insurance schemes (1 review), purchasing of services (1 review),
recipient incentives (6 reviews), and provider incentives (5 reviews). The reviews
were published between 2008 and 2015; focused on 13 subcategories; and reported
results from 276 studies: 115 (42%) randomised trials, 11 (4%) non-randomised
trials, 23 (8%) controlled before-after studies, 51 (19%) interrupted time series,
9 (3%) repeated measures, and 67 (24%) other non-randomised studies. Forty-three
per cent (119/276) of the studies included in the reviews took place in low-and
middle-income countries.
Collection of funds: the effects of changes in user fees on utilisation and
equity are uncertain (very low-certainty evidence). It is also uncertain whether
aid delivered under the Paris Principles (ownership, alignment, harmonisation,
managing for results, and mutual accountability) improves health outcomes compared
to aid delivered without conforming to those principles (very low-certainty
evidence).
Insurance schemes: community-based health insurance may increase service
utilisation (low-certainty evidence), but the effects on health outcomes are
uncertain (very low-certainty evidence). It is uncertain whether social health
insurance improves utilisation of health services or health outcomes (very low-
certainty evidence).
Purchasing of services: it is uncertain whether increasing salaries of public
sector healthcare workers improves the quantity or quality of their work (very low-
certainty evidence).
Recipient incentives: recipient incentives may improve adherence to long-term
treatments (low-certainty evidence), but it is uncertain whether they improve
patient outcomes. One-time recipient incentives probably improve patient return for
start or continuation of treatment (moderate-certainty evidence) and may improve
return for tuberculosis test readings (low-certainty evidence). However, incentives
may not improve completion of tuberculosis prophylaxis, and it is uncertain whether
they improve completion of treatment for active tuberculosis. Conditional cash
transfer programmes probably lead to an increase in service utilisation (moderate-
certainty evidence), but their effects on health outcomes are uncertain. Vouchers
may improve health service utilisation (low-certainty evidence), but the effects on
health outcomes are uncertain (very low-certainty evidence). Introducing a
restrictive cap may decrease use of medicines for symptomatic conditions and
overall use of medicines, may decrease insurers' expenditures on medicines (low-
certainty evidence), and has uncertain effects on emergency department use,
hospitalisations, and use of outpatient care (very low-certainty evidence).
Reference pricing, maximum pricing, and index pricing for drugs have mixed effects
on drug expenditures by patients and insurers as well as the use of brand and
generic drugs.
Provider incentives: the effects of provider incentives are uncertain (very low-
certainty evidence), including: the effects of provider incentives on the quality
of care provided by primary care physicians or outpatient referrals from primary to
secondary care, incentives for recruiting and retaining health professionals to
serve in remote areas, and the effects of pay-for-performance on provider
performance, the utilisation of services, patient outcomes, or resource use in low-
income countries.
Authors' conclusions
Research based on sound systematic review methods has evaluated numerous
financial arrangements relevant to low-income countries, targeting different levels
of the health systems and assessing diverse outcomes. However, included reviews
rarely reported social outcomes, resource use, equity impacts, or undesirable
effects. We also identified gaps in primary research because of uncertainty about
applicability of the evidence to low-income countries. Financial arrangements for
which the effects are uncertain include external funding (aid), caps and co-
payments, pay-for-performance, and provider incentives. Further studies evaluating
the effects of these arrangements are needed in low-income countries. Systematic
reviews should include all outcomes that are relevant to decision-makers and to
people affected by changes in financial arrangements.
C1 [Wiysonge, Charles S.] South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa,
Francie van Zijl Dr, ZA-7505 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
[Wiysonge, Charles S.] Stellenbosch Univ, Ctr Evidence Based Hlth Care, Fac Med
& Hlth Sci, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Paulsen, Elizabeth; Lewin, Simon; Oxman, Andrew D.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth,
Oslo, Norway.
[Lewin, Simon] South African Med Res Council, Hlth Syst Res Unit, Tygerberg,
South Africa.
[Ciapponi, Agustin] Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy IECS CONICE, Argentine
Cochrane Ctr, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Herrera, Cristian A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth,
Santiago, Chile.
[Herrera, Cristian A.; Pantoja, Tomas; Rada, Gabriel] Pontificia Univ Catolica
Chile, Evidence Based Hlth Care Program, Santiago, Chile.
[Opiyo, Newton] Cochrane, Cochrane Editorial Unit, London, England.
[Pantoja, Tomas] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Family Med, Fac Med,
Santiago, Chile.
[Rada, Gabriel] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Internal Med, Fac Med,
Santiago, Chile.
[Rada, Gabriel] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Evidence Based Healthcare
Program, Fac Med, Santiago, Chile.
C3 South African Medical Research Council; Stellenbosch University;
Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH); South African Medical
Research Council; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia
Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile;
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad
Catolica de Chile
RP Wiysonge, CS (corresponding author), South African Med Res Council, Cochrane
South Africa, Francie van Zijl Dr, ZA-7505 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
EM wiysonge@yahoo.com
RI Wiysonge, Charles Shey U/A-3843-2008; Pantoja, Tomas/GVS-4108-2022;
Oxman, Andrew/Y-3004-2019
OI Wiysonge, Charles Shey U/0000-0002-1273-4779; Pantoja,
Tomas/0000-0002-5473-3053; Oxman, Andrew/0000-0002-5608-5061
FU Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia
Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute for Clinical
Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina; South African
Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Norwegian Institute
of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; National Research Foundation (CSW),
South Africa; Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Norway; UK
aid from the UK Government
FX Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia
Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Institute for Clinical
Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; South African
Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; Norwegian Institute
of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.; National Research Foundation (CSW),
South Africa.; Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Norway.;
The Effective Health Care Research Consortium which is funded by UK aid
from the UK Government for the benefit of developing countries, UK.
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NR 99
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 5
U2 53
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
SN 1469-493X
EI 1361-6137
J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV
JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
PY 2017
IS 9
AR CD011084
DI 10.1002/14651858.CD011084.pub2
PG 76
(SSCI)
GA FI4QZ
UT WOS:000411959500013
PM 28891235
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Dandona, R
Kumar, GA
Henry, NJ
Joshua, V
Ramji, S
Gupta, SS
Agrawal, D
Kumar, R
Lodha, R
Mathai, M
Kassebaum, NJ
Pandey, A
Wang, HD
Sinha, A
Hemalatha, R
Abdulkader, RS
Agarwal, V
Albert, S
Biswas, A
Burstein, R
Chakma, JK
Christopher, DJ
Collison, M
Dash, AP
Dey, S
Dicker, D
Gardner, W
Glenn, SD
Golechha, MJ
He, YH
Jerath, SG
Kant, R
Kar, A
Khera, AK
Kinra, S
Koul, PA
Krish, V
Krishnankutty, RP
Kurpad, AV
Kyu, HH
Laxmaiah, A
Mahanta, J
Mahesh, PA
Malhotra, R
Mamidi, RS
Manguerra, H
Mathew, JL
Mathur, MR
Mehrotra, R
Mukhopadhyay, S
Murthy, GVS
Mutreja, P
Nagalla, B
Nguyen, G
Oommen, AM
Pati, A
Pati, S
Perkins, S
Prakash, S
Purwar, M
Sagar, R
Sankar, MJ
Saraf, DS
Shukla, DK
Shukla, SR
Singh, NP
Sreenivas, V
Tandale, B
Thankappan, KR
Tripathi, M
Tripathi, S
Tripathy, S
Troeger, C
Varghese, CM
Varughese, S
Watson, S
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Reddy, KS
Toteja, GS
Naghavi, M
Lim, SS
Vos, T
Bekedam, HJ
Swaminathan, S
Murray, CJL
Hay, SI
Sharma, RS
Dandona, L
AF Dandona, Rakhi
Kumar, G. Anil
Henry, Nathaniel J.
Joshua, Vasna
Ramji, Siddarth
Gupta, Subodh S.
Agrawal, Deepti
Kumar, Rashmi
Lodha, Rakesh
Mathai, Matthews
Kassebaum, Nicholas J.
Pandey, Anamika
Wang, Haidong
Sinha, Anju
Hemalatha, Rajkumar
Abdulkader, Rizwan S.
Agarwal, Vivek
Albert, Sandra
Biswas, Atanu
Burstein, Roy
Chakma, Joy K.
Christopher, D. J.
Collison, Michael
Dash, A. P.
Dey, Sagnik
Dicker, Daniel
Gardner, William
Glenn, Scott D.
Golechha, Mahaveer J.
He, Yihua
Jerath, Suparna G.
Kant, Rajni
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Kinra, Sanjay
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Krish, Varsha
Krishnankutty, Rinu P.
Kurpad, Anura, V
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Laxmaiah, Avula
Mahanta, Jagadish
Mahesh, P. A.
Malhotra, Ridhima
Mamidi, Raja S.
Manguerra, Helena
Mathew, Joseph L.
Mathur, Manu R.
Mehrotra, Ravi
Mukhopadhyay, Satinath
Murthy, G. V. S.
Mutreja, Parul
Nagalla, Balakrishna
Nguyen, Grant
Oommen, Anu M.
Pati, Ashalata
Pati, Sanghamitra
Perkins, Samantha
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Shukla, Sharvari R.
Singh, Narinder P.
Sreenivas, V
Tandale, Babasaheb
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R.
Tripathi, Manjari
Tripathi, Suryakant
Tripathy, Srikanth
Troeger, Christopher
Varghese, Chris M.
Varughese, Santosh
Watson, Stefanie
Yadav, Geetika
Zodpey, Sanjay
Reddy, K. Srinath
Toteja, G. S.
Naghavi, Mohsen
Lim, Stephen S.
Vos, Theo
Bekedam, Hendrik J.
Swaminathan, Soumya
Hay, Simon, I
Sharma, R. S.
Dandona, Lalit
CA India State-Level Dis Burden
TI Subnational mapping of under-5 and neonatal mortality trends in India:
the Global Burden of Disease Study 2000-17
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID MATERNAL HEALTH-SERVICES; JANANI SURAKSHA YOJANA; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS;
CHILD-MORTALITY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; 195 COUNTRIES; NEWBORN; COVERAGE;
DEATHS; CARE
AB Background India has made substantial progress in improving child survival over
the past few decades, but a comprehensive understanding of child mortality trends
at disaggregated geographical levels is not available. We present a detailed
analysis of subnational trends of child mortality to inform efforts aimed at
meeting the India National Health Policy (NHP) and Sustainable Development Goal
(SDG) targets for child mortality.
Methods We assessed the under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) and neonatal mortality
rate (NMR) from 2000 to 2017 in 5 x 5 km grids across India, and for the districts
and states of India, using all accessible data from various sources including
surveys with subnational geographical information. The 31 states and groups of
union territories were categorised into three groups using their Socio-demographic
Index (SDI) level, calculated as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries,
and Risk Factors Study on the basis of per-capita income, mean education, and total
fertility rate in women younger than 25 years. Inequality between districts within
the states was assessed using the coefficient of variation. We projected U5MR and
NMR for the states and districts up to 2025 and 2030 on the basis of the trends
from 2000 to 2017 and compared these projections with the NHP 2025 and SDG 2030
targets for U5MR (23 deaths and 25 deaths per 1000 livebirths, respectively) and
NMR (16 deaths and 12 deaths per 1000 livebirths, respectively). We assessed the
causes of child death and the contribution of risk factors to child deaths at the
state level.
Findings U5MR in India decreased from 83.1 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 76.7-
90.1) in 2000 to 42.4 (36.5-50.0) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, and NMR from 38.0
(34.2-41.6) to 23.5 (20.1-27.8) per 1000 livebirths. U5MR varied 5.7 times between
the states of India and 10.5 times between the 723 districts of India in 2017,
whereas NMR varied 4.5 times and 8.0 times, respectively. In the low SDI states,
275 (88%) districts had a U5MR of 40 or more per 1000 livebirths and 291 (93%)
districts had an NMR of 20 or more per 1000 livebirths in 2017. The annual rate of
change from 2010 to 2017 varied among the districts from a 9.02% (95% UI 6.30-
11.63) reduction to no significant change for U5MR and from an 8.05% (95% UI 5.34-
10.74) reduction to no significant change for NMR. Inequality between districts
within the states increased from 2000 to 2017 in 23 of the 31 states for U5MR and
in 24 states for NMR, with the largest increases in Odisha and Assam among the low
SDI states. If the trends observed up to 2017 were to continue, India would meet
the SDG 2030 U5MR target but not the SDG 2030 NMR target or either of the NHP 2025
targets. To reach the SDG 2030 targets individually, 246 (34%) districts for U5MR
and 430 (59%) districts for NMR would need a higher rate of improvement than they
had up to 2017. For all major causes of under-5 death in India, the death rate
decreased between 2000 and 2017, with the highest decline for infectious diseases,
intermediate decline for neonatal disorders, and the smallest decline for
congenital birth defects, although the magnitude of decline varied widely between
the states. Child and maternal malnutrition was the predominant risk factor, to
which 68.2% (65.8-70.7) of under-5 deaths and 83.0% (80.6-85.0) of neonatal deaths
in India could be attributed in 2017; 10.8% (9.1-12.4) of under-5 deaths could be
attributed to unsafe water and sanitation and 8.8% (7.0-10.3) to air pollution.
Interpretation India has made gains in child survival, but there are substantial
variations between the states in the magnitude and rate of decline in mortality,
and even higher variations between the districts of India. Inequality between
districts within states has increased for the majority of the states. The district-
level trends presented here can provide crucial guidance for targeted efforts
needed in India to reduce child mortality to meet the Indian and global child
survival targets. District-level mortality trends along with state-level trends in
causes of under-5 and neonatal death and the risk factors in this Article provide a
comprehensive reference for further planning of child mortality reduction in India.
Copyright (C) 2020 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.
C1 [Dandona, Rakhi; Kumar, G. Anil; Pandey, Anamika; Krishnankutty, Rinu P.;
Malhotra, Ridhima; Mathur, Manu R.; Mutreja, Parul; Varghese, Chris M.; Reddy, K.
Srinath; Dandona, Lalit] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
[Dandona, Rakhi; Henry, Nathaniel J.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Wang, Haidong;
Burstein, Roy; Collison, Michael; Dicker, Daniel; Gardner, William; Glenn, Scott
D.; He, Yihua; Krish, Varsha; Kyu, Hmwe H.; Manguerra, Helena; Nguyen, Grant;
Perkins, Samantha; Troeger, Christopher; Watson, Stefanie; Naghavi, Mohsen; Lim,
Stephen S.; Vos, Theo; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Hay, Simon, I; Dandona, Lalit]
Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Joshua, Vasna] Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Epidemiol, Chennai, Tamil
Nadu, India.
[Ramji, Siddarth] Maulana Azad Med Coll, Dept Paediat, New Delhi, India.
[Gupta, Subodh S.] Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha,
India.
[Agrawal, Deepti; Bekedam, Hendrik J.] WHO India Country Off, New Delhi, India.
[Kumar, Rashmi] King Georges Med Univ, Dept Paediat, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,
India.
[Agarwal, Vivek] King Georges Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,
India.
[Tripathi, Suryakant] King Georges Med Univ, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, India.
[Lodha, Rakesh; Sankar, Mari J.] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Paediat, New
Delhi, India.
[Sreenivas, V] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Biostat, New Delhi, India.
[Tripathi, Manjari] All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Neurol, Neurosci Ctr, New
Delhi, India.
[Mathai, Matthews] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Ctr Maternal & Newborn
Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
[Sinha, Anju; Chakma, Joy K.; Kant, Rajni; Mehrotra, Ravi; Saraf, Deepika S.;
Shukla, D. K.; Yadav, Geetika; Toteja, G. S.; Sharma, R. S.; Dandona, Lalit] Indian
Council Med Res, New Delhi 110290, India.
[Hemalatha, Rajkumar; Laxmaiah, Avula; Mamidi, Raja S.; Nagalla, Balakrishna]
Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Nutr, Hyderabad, India.
[Abdulkader, Rizwan S.] Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Dept Stat, Tirunelvel,
India.
[Albert, Sandra] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth Shillong, Shillong,
Meghalaya, India.
[Biswas, Atanu] Bangur Inst Neurosci, Kolkata, India.
[Christopher, D. J.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Vellore, Tamil
Nadu, India.
[Oommen, Anu M.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Community Hlth Dept, Vellore, Tamil
Nadu, India.
[Varughese, Santosh] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Vellore, Tamil
Nadu, India.
[Dash, A. P.] Cent Univ Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India.
[Dey, Sagnik] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Atmospher Sci, New Delhi, India.
[Golechha, Mahaveer J.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth Gandhinagar,
Gandhinagar, India.
[Jerath, Suparna G.; Zodpey, Sanjay] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth
Delhi, Gurugram, India.
[Kar, Anita] Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
[Khera, Ajay K.; Pati, Ashalata] Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, New
Delhi, India.
[Kinra, Sanjay] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol,
London, England.
[Koul, Parvaiz A.] Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med,
Srinagar, India.
[Kurpad, Anura, V] St Johns Med Coll, Dept Physiol & Nutr, Bengaluru, India.
[Mahanta, Jagadish] Indian Council Med Res, Reg Med Res Ctr, Northeast Reg,
Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
[Mahesh, P. A.] Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Univ, Jagadguru Sri
Shivarathreeshwara Med Coll, Dept Pulm Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
[Mathew, Joseph L.] Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Adv Pediat Ctr, Chandigarh,
India.
[Mukhopadhyay, Satinath] Inst Post Grad Med Educ & Res, Dept Endocrinol & Metab,
Kolkata, India.
[Murthy, G. V. S.] Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth Hyderabad,
Hyderabad, India.
[Pati, Sanghamitra] Indian Council Med Res, Reg Med Res Ctr, Bhubaneswar, India.
[Prakash, Sanjay] SSG Hosp, Med Coll, Dept Neurol, Baroda, Gujarat, India.
[Purwar, Manorama] Ketkar Hosp, Nagpur INTERGROWTH Res Ctr 21, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India.
[Shukla, Sharvari R.] King Edward Mem Hosp Res Ctr, Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetol
Res Ctr, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
[Shukla, Sharvari R.] Symbiosis Int Univ, Symbiosis Inst Hlth Sci, Pune,
Maharashtra, India.
[Singh, Narinder P.] Max Super Special Hosp, Ghaziabad, India.
[Tandale, Babasaheb] Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Virol, Pune, Maharashtra,
India.
[Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R.] Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol,
Achutha Menon Ctr Hlth Sci Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
[Tripathy, Srikanth] Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Res TB, Chennai, Tamil
Nadu, India.
[Swaminathan, Soumya] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
C3 Public Health Foundation of India; Institute for Health Metrics &
Evaluation; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle;
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); ICMR - National Institute of
Epidemiology (NIE); Maulana Azad Medical College; Mahatma Gandhi
Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram; King George's Medical
University; King George's Medical University; King George's Medical
University; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi;
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi; All India
Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi; All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi; Liverpool School of Tropical
Medicine; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); Indian Council of
Medical Research (ICMR); ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition (NIN);
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University; Public Health Foundation of India;
Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGMER),
Kolkata; Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH) Vellore; Christian
Medical College & Hospital (CMCH) Vellore; Christian Medical College &
Hospital (CMCH) Vellore; Central University of Tamil Nadu; Indian
Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) - Delhi; Public Health Foundation of India; Public
Health Foundation of India; Savitribai Phule Pune University; University
of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; Sher-i-Kashmir
Institute of Medical Sciences; St. John's National Academy of Health
Sciences; St. John's Medical College; Indian Council of Medical Research
(ICMR); JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research; JSS Medical College,
Mysuru; Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research
(PGIMER), Chandigarh; Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education &
Research (IPGMER), Kolkata; Public Health Foundation of India; Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR); ICMR - Regional Medical Research
Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar; Maharaja Sayajirao University Baroda; Baroda
Medical College; Symbiosis International University; Symbiosis Institute
of Health Sciences (SIHS); Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR);
ICMR - National Institute of Virology (NIV); Department of Science &
Technology (India); Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences
Technology (SCTIMST); Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); ICMR -
National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT); World Health
Organization
RP Dandona, L (corresponding author), Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi 110290,
India.
EM lalit.dandona@icmr.gov.in
RI Agarwal, Vivek/ABD-7717-2020; A, Rizwan S/F-5289-2014; Vos,
Theo/HLH-2955-2023; Koul, Parvaiz Ahmad/GLR-9620-2022; he,
yh/HJA-5454-2022; Tandale, Babasaheb Vishwanath/AAT-7336-2021; Koul,
Parvaiz/B-1666-2017; Hay, Simon Iain/F-8967-2015; Henry,
Nathaniel/ABD-4631-2020; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman/ABC-9551-2021;
Sagar, Rajesh/L-7775-2016; Tandale, Babasaheb/K-8229-2018; Shukla,
Sharvari/AAK-3469-2020; Gupta, Subodh S/K-4066-2014; Mehrotra,
Ravi/E-3285-2010; Golechha, Mahaveer/ABH-7236-2020; Biswas,
Atanu/AAE-2290-2020
OI Agarwal, Vivek/0000-0002-2534-1288; A, Rizwan S/0000-0002-3140-2614;
Koul, Parvaiz Ahmad/0000-0002-1700-9285; Tandale, Babasaheb
Vishwanath/0000-0003-0468-4879; Koul, Parvaiz/0000-0002-1700-9285; Hay,
Simon Iain/0000-0002-0611-7272; Henry, Nathaniel/0000-0001-8150-4988;
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman/0000-0002-4536-2684; Tandale,
Babasaheb/0000-0003-0468-4879; Shukla, Sharvari/0000-0002-7029-5532;
Gupta, Subodh S/0000-0002-4412-9389; Mehrotra, Ravi/0000-0001-9453-1408;
Biswas, Atanu/0000-0001-5696-9839; Varghese, Dr Chris
Merin/0000-0003-4015-0938; Golechha, Mahaveer/0000-0002-6253-8274;
Varughese, Santosh/0000-0002-4292-4979; Mathur,
Manu/0000-0001-5518-1935; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath/0000-0001-8033-5748;
PRAKASH, SANJAY/0000-0001-7322-904X; Tripathy,
Srikanth/0000-0002-8363-2606; Oommen, Anu Mary/0000-0003-2932-7827;
SAGAR, RAJESH/0000-0003-4563-7841
FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Indian Council of Medical Research,
Government of India
FX Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and Indian Council of Medical Research,
Government of India.
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WHO, 2015, GUID MAN POSS SER BA
World Health Organization, 2015, WHO REC INT IMPR PRE
NR 73
TC 61
Z9 60
U1 6
U2 22
PI NEW YORK
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAY 23
PY 2020
VL 395
IS 10237
BP 1640
EP 1658
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30471-2
PG 19
GA LZ1JO
UT WOS:000540986100027
PM 32413293
OA Green Accepted, hybrid, Green Published
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Thapa, P
Bangura, AH
Nirola, I
Citrin, D
Belbase, B
Bogati, B
Nirmala, BK
Khadka, S
Kunwar, L
Halliday, S
Choudhury, N
Ozonoff, A
Tenpa, J
Schwarz, R
Adhikari, M
Kalaunee, SP
Rising, S
Maru, D
Maru, S
AF Thapa, Poshan
Bangura, Alex Harsha
Nirola, Isha
Citrin, David
Belbase, Bishal
Bogati, Bhawana
Nirmala, B. K.
Khadka, Sonu
Kunwar, Lal
Halliday, Scott
Choudhury, Nandini
Ozonoff, Al
Tenpa, Jasmine
Schwarz, Ryan
Adhikari, Mukesh
Kalaunee, S. P.
Rising, Sharon
Maru, Duncan
Maru, Sheela
TI The power of peers: an effectiveness evaluation of a cluster-controlled
trial of group antenatal care in rural Nepal
LA English
DT Article
DE Centering pregnancy; Child health; Group antenatal care; Implementation
research; Maternal health; Peer group; Prenatal care
ID HEALTH
AB BackgroundReducing the maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live
births globally is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. Approximately 830
women die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications every day. Almost 99%
of these deaths occur in developing countries. Increasing antenatal care quality
and completion, and institutional delivery are key strategies to reduce maternal
mortality, however there are many implementation challenges in rural and resource-
limited settings. In Nepal, 43% of deliveries do not take place in an institution
and 31% of women have insufficient antenatal care. Context-specific and evidence-
based strategies are needed to improve antenatal care completion and institutional
birth. We present an assessment of effectiveness outcomes for an adaptation of a
group antenatal care model delivered by community health workers and midwives in
close collaboration with government staff in rural Nepal.MethodsThe study was
conducted in Achham, Nepal, via a public private partnership between the Nepali
non-profit, Nyaya Health Nepal, and the Ministry of Health and Population, with
financial and technical assistance from the American non-profit, Possible. We
implemented group antenatal care as a prospective non-randomized, cluster-
controlled, type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation study in six village
clusters. The implementation approach allowed for iterative improvement in design
by making changes to improve the quality of the intervention. We evaluated
effectiveness through a difference in difference analysis of institutional birth
rates between groups prior to implementation of the intervention and 1 year after
implementation. Additionally, we assessed the change in knowledge of key danger
signs and the acceptability of the group model compared with individual visits in a
nested cohort of women receiving home visit care and home visit care plus group
antenatal care. Using a directed content and thematic approach, we analyzed
qualitative interviews to identify major themes related to implementation.ResultsAt
baseline, there were 457 recently-delivered women in the six village clusters
receiving home visit care and 214 in the seven village clusters receiving home
visit care plus group antenatal care. At endline, there were 336 and 201,
respectively. The difference in difference analysis did not show a significant
change in institutional birth rates nor antenatal care visit completion rates
between the groups. There was, however, a significant increase in both
institutional birth and antenatal care completion in each group from baseline to
endline. We enrolled a nested cohort of 52 participants receiving home visit care
and 62 participants receiving home visit care plus group antenatal care. There was
high acceptability of the group antenatal care intervention and home visit care,
with no significant differences between groups. A significantly higher percentage
of women who participated in group antenatal care found their visits to be 'very
enjoyable' (83.9% vs 59.6%, p=0.0056). In the nested cohort, knowledge of key
danger signs during pregnancy significantly improved from baseline to endline in
the intervention clusters only (2 to 31%, p<0.001), while knowledge of key danger
signs related to labor and childbirth, the postpartum period, and the newborn did
not in either intervention or control groups. Qualitative analysis revealed that
women found that the groups provided an opportunity for learning and discussion,
and the groups were a source of social support and empowerment.
They also reported an improvement in services available at their village clinic.
Providers noted the importance of the community health workers in identifying
pregnant women in the community and linking them to the village clinics. Challenges
in birth planning were brought up by both participants and
providers.ConclusionWhile there was no significant change in institutional birth
and antenatal care completion at the population level between groups, there was an
increase of these outcomes in both groups. This may be secondary to the primary
importance of community health worker involvement in both of these groups.
Knowledge of key pregnancy danger signs was significantly improved in the home
visit plus group antenatal care cohort compared with the home visit care only
group. This initial study of Nyaya Health Nepal's adapted group care model
demonstrates the potential for impacting women's antenatal care experience and
should be studied over a longer period as an intervention embedded within a
community health worker program.
C1 [Thapa, Poshan] Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney,
NSW, Australia.
[Bangura, Alex Harsha] Lakewood Hlth Syst, Staples, MN USA.
[Nirola, Isha] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
[Citrin, David; Bogati, Bhawana; Khadka, Sonu; Kunwar, Lal; Halliday, Scott;
Choudhury, Nandini; Schwarz, Ryan; Kalaunee, S. P.; Maru, Duncan; Maru, Sheela]
Nyaya Hlth Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[Citrin, David] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Citrin, David; Halliday, Scott] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA
98195 USA.
[Citrin, David; Halliday, Scott] Univ Washington, Henry M Jackson Sch Int
Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Citrin, David; Halliday, Scott; Choudhury, Nandini; Maru, Duncan; Maru, Sheela]
Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Arnhold Inst Global Hlth, 1216 Fifth Ave,Fifth Floor,Room
556, New York, NY 10029 USA.
[Belbase, Bishal] Karma Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[Nirmala, B. K.] Purbanchal Univ, Om Hlth Sci Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[Ozonoff, Al] Boston Children Hosp, Ctr Patient Safety & Qual Res, Boston, MA
USA.
[Ozonoff, Al; Schwarz, Ryan] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Tenpa, Jasmine] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Sidney Kimmel Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol,
Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA.
[Schwarz, Ryan] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Global Hlth Equ, 75 Francis
St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Schwarz, Ryan] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston,
MA 02114 USA.
[Adhikari, Mukesh] Yale Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA.
[Kalaunee, S. P.] Eastern Univ, Coll Leadership & Dev, St Davids, PA USA.
[Rising, Sharon] Grp Care Global, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Maru, Duncan; Maru, Sheela] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Hlth Syst Design &
Global Hlth, New York, NY 10029 USA.
[Maru, Duncan] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Internal Med, New York, NY 10029
USA.
[Maru, Duncan] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA.
[Maru, Sheela] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, New
York, NY 10029 USA.
C3 University of New South Wales Sydney; Harvard University; Harvard T.H.
Chan School of Public Health; University of Washington; University of
Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle;
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Harvard University; Boston
Children's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School;
Jefferson University; Harvard University; Brigham & Women's Hospital;
Harvard University; Massachusetts General Hospital; Yale University;
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai
RP Maru, S (corresponding author), Nyaya Hlth Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.; Maru, S
(corresponding author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Arnhold Inst Global Hlth, 1216
Fifth Ave,Fifth Floor,Room 556, New York, NY 10029 USA.
EM thapaposhan2009@gmail.com; sheela@possiblehealth.org
RI Adhikari, Mukesh/HOC-5751-2023; Baldissera, Annalisa/AHD-6334-2022
OI Thapa, Poshan/0000-0002-3333-1434; Halliday, Scott/0000-0003-1178-6937;
Belbase, Bishal/0000-0003-0165-8309; Maru, Duncan/0000-0002-5923-6910
FU Global Women's Health Fellowship from the Mary Horrigan Connors Center
for Women's Health & Gender Biology at Brigham and Women's Hospital;
Harvard Humanitarian Initiative; Center for Primary Care at Harvard
Medical School
FX Dr. Sheela Maru received support through a Global Women's Health
Fellowship from the Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health &
Gender Biology at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard
Humanitarian Initiative. Dr. Alex Harsha Bangura received funding from
the Center for Primary Care at Harvard Medical School. The funders
played no role in design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript
write-up, or decision to publish.
CR [Anonymous], 2016, 207374 MIN HLTH POP, V2073/74
Curran GM, 2012, MED CARE, V50, P217, DOI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182408812
Del Barco RC., 2004, MONITORING BIRTH PRE, P330
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Inc, 2007, NEP DEM HLTH SURV 20
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WHO, 2018, MAT MORT FACT SHEET
World Health Organization, 2016, REC ANT CAR POS PREG
NR 22
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 7
PU BMC
PI LONDON
EI 1742-4755
J9 REPROD HEALTH
JI Reprod. Health
PD OCT 22
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 1
AR 150
DI 10.1186/s12978-019-0820-8
PG 14
(SSCI)
GA JG4FO
UT WOS:000492029200002
PM 31640770
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Suthar, AB
Khalifa, A
Yin, S
Wenz, K
Fat, DM
Mills, SL
Nichols, E
AbouZahr, C
Mrkic, S
AF Suthar, Amitabh Bipin
Khalifa, Aleya
Yin, Sherry
Wenz, Kristen
Fat, Doris Ma
Mills, Samuel Lantei
Nichols, Erin
AbouZahr, Carla
Mrkic, Srdjan
TI Evaluation of approaches to strengthen civil registration and vital
statistics systems: A systematic review and synthesis of policies in 25
countries
SO PLOS MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID EVENTS REGISTRATION; BIRTH REGISTRATION; DEATH REGISTRATION; HEALTH;
MORTALITY; COMPLETENESS; VILLAGE; GHANA
AB Background Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems play a key
role in upholding human rights and generating data for health and good governance.
They also can help monitor progress in achieving the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals. Although many countries have made substantial progress in
strengthening their CRVS systems, most low- and middle-income countries still have
underdeveloped systems. The objective of this systematic review is to identify
national policies that can help countries strengthen their systems. Methods and
findings The ABI/INFORM, Embase, JSTOR, PubMed, and WHO Index Medicus databases
were systematically searched for policies to improve birth and/or death
registration on 24 January 2017. Global stakeholders were also contacted for
relevant grey literature. For the purposes of this review, policies were
categorised as supply, demand, incentive, penalty, or combination (i.e., at least
two of the preceding policy approaches). Quantitative results on changes in vital
event registration rates were presented for individual comparative articles.
Qualitative systematic review methodology, including meta-ethnography, was used for
qualitative syntheses on operational considerations encompassing acceptability to
recipients and staff, human resource requirements, information technology or
infrastructure requirements, costs to the health system, unintended effects,
facilitators, and barriers. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number
CRD42018085768. Thirty-five articles documenting experience in implementing
policies to improve birth and/or death registration were identified. Although 25
countries representing all global regions (Africa, the Americas, Southeast Asia,
the Western Pacific, Europe, and the Eastern Mediterranean) were reflected, there
were limited countries from the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe regions. Twenty-
four articles reported policy effects on birth and/or death registration. Twenty-
one of the 24 articles found that the change in registration rate after the policy
was positive, with two supply and one penalty articles being the exceptions. The
qualitative syntheses identified 15 operational considerations across all policy
categories. Human and financial resource requirements were not quantified. The
primary limitation of this systematic review was the threat of publication bias
wherein many countries may not have documented their experience; this threat is
most concerning for policies that had neutral or negative effects. Conclusions Our
systematic review suggests that combination policy approaches, consisting of at
least a supply and demand component, were consistently associated with improved
registration rates in different geographical contexts. Operational considerations
should be interpreted based on health system, governance, and sociocultural
context. More evaluations and research are needed from the Eastern Mediterranean
and Europe regions. Further research and evaluation are also needed to estimate the
human and financial resource requirements required for different policies.
Author summaryWhy was this study done? Civil registration and vital statistics
(CRVS) systems generate foundational data for governance across sectors. Within
public health, birth and death registrations are critical not only for empowering
individuals' legal rights and for access to services but also in estimating health
service needs, coverage, and impact. To our knowledge, no formal evidence review
and synthesis has characterised which policies work and which do not for
strengthening birth and death registration. What did the researchers do and find?
We searched five literature databases and contacted global stakeholders to identify
policies that improve birth and/or death registration and presented policy
quantitative effects and qualitative syntheses. We identified 35 articles
documenting experience in implementing policies to improve birth and/or death
registration from 25 countries representing all global regions. Twenty-four
articles reported supply, demand, incentive, penalty, or combination (i.e., at
least two of the preceding policy approaches) effects on birth and/or death
registration. Combination policy approaches, consisting of at least a supply and
demand component, were consistently associated with improved registration rates
across different geographical contexts. What do these findings mean? Countries
interested in strengthening their CRVS systems may need to consider a combination
of multiple policy approaches based on their health system, governance, and
sociocultural context. Although this review and synthesis successfully identified
many quantitative and qualitative data to strengthen CRVS systems, more policy
evaluations and research are needed on effects from the Eastern Mediterranean and
Europe regions and on human and financial resource requirements globally.
Publication bias may have led investigators with neutral or negative findings to
not document their findings; further research and evaluation is needed to
understand which policies do not work.
C1 [Suthar, Amitabh Bipin; Khalifa, Aleya; Yin, Sherry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,
Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
[Wenz, Kristen] United Nations Childrens Fund, Programme Div, New York, NY USA.
[Fat, Doris Ma] WHO, Hlth Stat & Informat Dept, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Mills, Samuel Lantei] World Bank Grp, Hlth Nutr & Populat Global Practice,
Washington, DC USA.
[Nichols, Erin] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD
20782 USA.
[AbouZahr, Carla] Bloomberg Data Hlth Initiat, New York, NY USA.
[Mrkic, Srdjan] UN, Stat Div, New York, NY USA.
C3 Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA; UNICEF; World Health
Organization; The World Bank; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention -
USA; CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
RP Suthar, AB (corresponding author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth,
Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM icf4@cdc.gov
FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention [CGH2017233]
FX This article has been supported in part by the US President's Emergency
Plan for AIDS Relief through the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention under the terms of project number CGH2017233 (ABS). The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 81
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 4
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1549-1277
EI 1549-1676
J9 PLOS MED
JI PLos Med.
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 9
AR e1002929
DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002929; 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002929.r001;
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002929.r002; 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002929.r003;
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002929.r004; 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002929.r005
PG 21
(SSCI)
GA JD3UP
UT WOS:000489902400005
PM 31560684
OA Green Submitted, gold, Green Published
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Canfell, K
Kim, JJ
Brisson, M
Keane, A
Simms, KT
Caruana, M
Burger, EA
Martin, D
Nguyen, DTN
Benard, E
Sy, S
Regan, C
Drolet, M
Gingras, G
Laprise, JF
Torode, J
Smith, MA
Fidarova, E
Trapani, D
Bray, F
Ilbawi, A
Broutet, N
Hutubessy, R
AF Canfell, Karen
Kim, Jane J.
Brisson, Marc
Keane, Adam
Simms, Kate T.
Caruana, Michael
Burger, Emily A.
Martin, Dave
Nguyen, Diep T. N.
Benard, Elodie
Sy, Stephen
Regan, Catherine
Drolet, Melanie
Gingras, Guillaume
Laprise, Jean-Francois
Torode, Julie
Smith, Megan A.
Fidarova, Elena
Trapani, Dario
Bray, Freddie
Ilbawi, Andre
Broutet, Nathalie
Hutubessy, Raymond
TI Mortality impact of achieving WHO cervical cancer elimination targets: a
comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income
countries
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; HPV; INFECTION; VACCINE; QUADRIVALENT; EFFICACY;
WOMEN
AB Background WHO is developing a global strategy towards eliminating cervical
cancer as a public health problem, which proposes an elimination threshold of four
cases per 100 000 women and includes 2030 triple-intervention coverage targets for
scale-up of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to 90%, twice-lifetime cervical
screening to 70%, and treatment of pre-invasive lesions and invasive cancer to 90%.
We assessed the impact of achieving the 90-70-90 tripleintervention targets on
cervical cancer mortality and deaths averted over the next century. We also
assessed the potential for the elimination initiative to support target 3.4 of the
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-a one-third reduction in premature
mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030.
Methods The WHO Cervical Cancer Elimination Modelling Consortium (CCEMC)
involves three independent, dynamic models of HPV infection, cervical
carcinogenesis, screening, and precancer and invasive cancer treatment. Reductions
in age-standardised rates of cervical cancer mortality in 78 low-income and lower-
middle-income countries (LMICs) were estimated for three core scenarios: girls-only
vaccination at age 9 years with catch-up for girls aged 10-14 years; girls-only
vaccination plus once-lifetime screening and cancer treatment scale-up; and girls-
only vaccination plus twice-lifetime screening and cancer treatment scale-up.
Vaccination was assumed to provide 100% lifetime protection against infections with
HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, and to scale up to 90% coverage in 2020.
Cervical screening involved HPV testing at age 35 years, or at ages 35 years and 45
years, with scale-up to 45% coverage by 2023, 70% by 2030, and 90% by 2045, and we
assumed that 50% of women with invasive cervical cancer would receive appropriate
surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy by 2023, which would increase to 90% by
2030. We summarised results using the median (range) of model predictions.
Findings In 2020, the estimated cervical cancer mortality rate across all 78
LMICs was 13.2 (range 12.9-14.1) per 100 000 women. Compared to the status quo, by
2030, vaccination alone would have minimal impact on cervical cancer mortality,
leading to a 0.1% (0.1-0.5) reduction, but additionally scaling up twice-lifetime
screening and cancer treatment would reduce mortality by 34.2% (23.3-37.8),
averting 300 000 (300 000-400 000) deaths by 2030 (with similar results for once-
lifetime screening). By 2070, scaling up vaccination alone would reduce mortality
by 61.7% (61.4-66.1), averting 4.8 million (4.1-4.8) deaths. By 2070, additionally
scaling up screening and cancer treatment would reduce mortality by 88.9% (84.0-
89.3), averting 13.3 million (13.1-13.6) deaths (with once-lifetime screening), or
by 92.3% (88.4-93.0), averting 14.6 million (14.1-14.6) deaths (with twice-lifetime
screening). By 2120, vaccination alone would reduce mortality by 89.5% (86.6-89.9),
averting 45.8 million (44.7-46.4) deaths. By 2120, additionally scaling up
screening and cancer treatment would reduce mortality by 97.9% (95.0-98.0),
averting 60.8 million (60.2-61.2) deaths (with once-lifetime screening), or by
98.6% (96.5-98.6), averting 62.6 million (62.1-62.8) deaths (with twice-lifetime
screening). With the WHO triple-intervention strategy, over the next 10 years,
about half (48% [45-55]) of deaths averted would be in sub-Saharan Africa and
almost a third (32% [29-34]) would be in South Asia; over the next 100 years,
almost 90% of deaths averted would be in these regions. For premature deaths (age
30-69 years), the WHO triple-intervention strategy would result in rate reductions
of 33.9% (24.4-37.9) by 2030, 96.2% (94.3-96.8) by 2070, and 98.6% (96.9-98.8) by
2120.
Interpretation These findings emphasise the importance of acting immediately on
three fronts to scale up vaccination, screening, and treatment for pre-invasive and
invasive cervical cancer. In the next 10 years, a one-third reduction in the rate
of premature mortality from cervical cancer in LMICs is possible, contributing to
the realisation of the 2030 UN SDGs. Over the next century, successful
implementation of the WHO elimination strategy would reduce cervical cancer
mortality by almost 99% and save more than 62 million women's lives.
C1 [Canfell, Karen; Keane, Adam; Simms, Kate T.; Caruana, Michael; Nguyen, Diep T.
N.; Smith, Megan A.] Canc Council NSW, Canc Res Div, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia.
[Canfell, Karen; Keane, Adam; Simms, Kate T.; Caruana, Michael; Nguyen, Diep T.
N.; Smith, Megan A.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW,
Australia.
[Canfell, Karen] Univ New South Wales, Prince Wales Clin Sch, Sydney, NSW,
Australia.
[Kim, Jane J.; Burger, Emily A.; Sy, Stephen; Regan, Catherine] Harvard TH Chan
Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Decis Sci, Boston, MA USA.
[Brisson, Marc; Martin, Dave; Benard, Elodie; Drolet, Melanie; Gingras,
Guillaume; Laprise, Jean-Francois] Univ Laval, CHU Quebec, Ctr Rech, Quebec City,
PQ, Canada.
[Brisson, Marc] Univ Laval, Dept Med Sociale & Prevent, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Brisson, Marc] Imperial Coll, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, MRC Ctr Global Infect
Dis Anal, London, England.
[Burger, Emily A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ, Oslo, Norway.
[Torode, Julie] Union Int Canc Control, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Fidarova, Elena; Trapani, Dario; Ilbawi, Andre] WHO, Dept Management
Noncommunicable Dis Disabil Viole, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Bray, Freddie] Int Agcy Res Canc, Sect Canc Surveillance, Lyon, France.
[Broutet, Nathalie] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Hutubessy, Raymond] WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Geneva, Switzerland.
C3 Cancer Council New South Wales; University of Sydney; University of New
South Wales Sydney; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health; Laval University; Laval University; Imperial College
London; University of Oslo; World Health Organization; World Health
Organization; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); World
Health Organization; World Health Organization
RP Canfell, K (corresponding author), Canc Council NSW, Canc Res Div, Sydney, NSW
2011, Australia.
EM karen.canfell@nswcc.org.au
RI Nguyen, Diep Thi Ngoc/HOC-5427-2023; Trapani, Dario/ABI-8284-2020
OI Nguyen, Diep Thi Ngoc/0000-0002-7103-7877; Trapani,
Dario/0000-0003-1672-9560; Smith, Megan/0000-0002-0401-2653; Keane,
Adam/0000-0001-7496-6746; Simms, Kate/0000-0003-2568-7956; Ilbawi,
Andre/0000-0002-4751-6595; Canfell, Karen/0000-0002-6443-6618
FU WHO; UNDP; UN Population Fund; UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Program of
Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction;
Germany Federal Ministry of Health; National Health and Medical Research
Council Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Cervical Cancer
Control; Canadian Institute of Health Research; Compute Canada; Fonds de
recherche du Quebec-Sante
FX WHO, UNDP, UN Population Fund, UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Program of
Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction,
Germany Federal Ministry of Health, National Health and Medical Research
Council Australia, Centre for Research Excellence in Cervical Cancer
Control, Canadian Institute of Health Research, Compute Canada, and
Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Sante.
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NR 38
TC 196
Z9 203
U1 10
U2 41
PI NEW YORK
SN 0140-6736
EI 1474-547X
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD FEB 22
PY 2020
VL 395
IS 10224
BP 591
EP 603
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30157-4
PG 13
GA KN5AJ
UT WOS:000514849400029
PM 32007142
OA hybrid, Green Published
HC Y
HP N
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Willcox, ML
Price, J
Scott, S
Nicholson, BD
Stuart, B
Roberts, NW
Allott, H
Mubangizi, V
Dumont, A
Harnden, A
AF Willcox, Merlin L.
Price, Jessica
Scott, Sophie
Nicholson, Brian D.
Stuart, Beth
Roberts, Nia W.
Allott, Helen
Mubangizi, Vincent
Dumont, Alexandre
Harnden, Anthony
TI Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child
mortality
SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE; QUALITY-OF-CARE; CONFIDENTIAL INQUIRY;
DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SURVEILLANCE; ACCOUNTABILITY; INTERVENTION;
MANAGEMENT; HEALTH; IMPACT
AB Background
The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include reducing the
global maternal mortality rate to less than 70 per 100,000 live births and ending
preventable deaths of newborns and children under five years of age, in every
country, by 2030. Maternal and perinatal death audit and review is widely
recommended as an intervention to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality, and to
improve quality of care, and could be key to attaining the SDGs. However, there is
uncertainty over the most cost-effective way of auditing and reviewing deaths:
community-based audit (verbal and social autopsy), facility-based audits
(significant event analysis (SEA)) or a combination of both (confidential enquiry).
Objectives
To assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of different types of death audits
and reviews in reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality.
Search methods
We searched the following from inception to 16 January 2019: CENTRAL, Ovid
MEDLINE, Embase OvidSP, and five other databases. We identified ongoing studies
using ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO) International
Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and searched reference lists of included
articles.
Selection criteria
Cluster-randomised trials, cluster non-randomised trials, controlled before-and-
after studies and interrupted time series studies of any form of death audit or
review that involved reviewing individual cases of maternal, perinatal or child
deaths, identifying avoidable factors, and making recommendations. To be included
in the review, a study needed to report at least one of the following outcomes:
perinatal mortality rate; stillbirth rate; neonatal mortality rate; mortality rate
in children under five years of age or maternal mortality rate.
Data collection and analysis
We used standard Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC)
group methodological procedures. Two review authors independently extracted data,
assessed risk of bias and assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. We
planned to perform a meta-analysis using a random-effects model but included
studies were not homogeneous enough to make pooling their results meaningful.
Main results
We included two cluster-randomised trials. Both introduced death review and
audit as part of a multicomponent intervention, and compared this to current care.
The QUARITE study (QUAlity of care, RIsk management, and TEchnology) concerned
maternal death reviews in hospitals in West Africa, which had very high maternal
and perinatal mortality rates. In contrast, the OPERA trial studied perinatal
morbidity/mortality conferences (MMCs) in maternity units in France, which already
had very low perinatal mortality rates at baseline.
The OPERA intervention in France started with an outreach visit to brief
obstetricians, midwives and anaesthetists on the national guidelines on
morbidity/mortality case management, and was followed by a series of perinatal
MMCs. Half of the intervention units were randomised to receive additional support
from a clinical psychologist during these meetings. The OPERA intervention may make
little or no difference to overall perinatal mortality (low certainty evidence),
however we are uncertain about the effect of the intervention on perinatal
mortality related to suboptimal care (very low certainty evidence).The intervention
probably reduces perinatal morbidity related to suboptimal care (unadjusted odds
ratio (OR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40 to 0.95; 165,353 births;
moderate-certainty evidence). The effect of the intervention on stillbirth rate,
neonatal mortality, mortality rate in children under five years of age, maternal
mortality or adverse effects was not reported.
The QUARITE intervention in West Africa focused on training leaders of hospital
obstetric teams using the ALARM (Advances in Labour And Risk Management) course,
which included one day of training about conducting maternal death reviews. The
leaders returned to their hospitals, established a multidisciplinary committee and
started auditing maternal deaths, with the support of external facilitators. The
intervention probably reduces inpatient maternal deaths (adjusted OR 0.85, 95% CI
0.73 to 0.98; 191,167 deliveries; moderate certainty evidence) and probably also
reduces inpatient neonatal mortality within 24 hours following birth (adjusted OR
0.74, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.90; moderate certainty evidence). However, QUARITE probably
makes little or no difference to the inpatient stillbirth rate (moderate certainty
evidence) and may make little or no difference to the inpatient neonatal mortality
rate after 24 hours, although the 95% confidence interval includes both benefit and
harm (low certainty evidence). The QUARITE intervention probably increases the
percent of women receiving high quality of care (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.35 - 2.57,
moderate-certainty evidence). The effect of the intervention on perinatal
mortality, mortality rate in children under five years of age, or adverse effects
was not reported.
We did not find any studies that evaluated child death audit and review or
community-based death reviews or costs.
Authors' conclusions
A complex intervention including maternal death audit and review, as well as
development of local leadership and training, probably reduces inpatient maternal
mortality in low-income country district hospitals, and probably slightly improves
quality of care. Perinatal death audit and review, as part of a complex
intervention with training, probably improves quality of care, as measured by
perinatal morbidity related to suboptimal care, in a high-income setting where
mortality was already very low.
The WHO recommends that maternal and perinatal death reviews should be conducted
in all hospitals globally. However, conducting death reviews in isolation may not
be sufficient to achieve the reductions in mortality observed in the QUARITE trial.
This review suggests that maternal death audit and review may need to be
implemented as part of an intervention package which also includes elements such as
training of a leading doctor and midwife in each hospital, annual recertification,
and quarterly outreach visits by external facilitators to provide supervision and
mentorship. The same may also apply to perinatal and child death reviews. More
operational research is needed on the most cost-effective ways of implementing
maternal, perinatal and paediatric death reviews in low- and middle-income
countries.
C1 [Willcox, Merlin L.; Scott, Sophie] Univ Southampton, Aldermoor Hlth Ctr, Dept
Primary Care & Populat Sci, Southampton SO16 5ST, Hants, England.
[Price, Jessica; Nicholson, Brian D.; Harnden, Anthony] Univ Oxford, Nuffield
Dept Primary Care Hlth Sci, Oxford, England.
[Stuart, Beth] Univ Southampton, Fac Med, Primary Care & Populat Sci,
Southampton, Hants, England.
[Roberts, Nia W.] Univ Oxford, Bodleian Hlth Care Lib, Oxford, England.
[Allott, Helen] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Ctr Maternal & Newborn
Hlth, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
[Mubangizi, Vincent] MUST, Family Med & Community Practice, Mbarara, Uganda.
[Dumont, Alexandre] Paris Descartes Univ, Inst Rech Dev, CEPED, UMR 196, Paris,
France.
C3 University of Southampton; University of Oxford; University of
Southampton; University of Oxford; Liverpool School of Tropical
Medicine; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Cite;
Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD)
RP Willcox, ML (corresponding author), Univ Southampton, Aldermoor Hlth Ctr, Dept
Primary Care & Populat Sci, Southampton SO16 5ST, Hants, England.
EM m.l.willcox@soton.ac.uk
RI Roberts, Nia W/F-9842-2010
OI Roberts, Nia W/0000-0002-1142-6440; Price, Jessica/0000-0002-4020-6850;
Willcox, Merlin/0000-0002-5227-3444; Stuart, Beth/0000-0001-5432-7437
FU NIHR, UK - National Institute of Health Research (NIHR)
[CL-2016-26-005]; Department for International Development, UK
[300342-104]
FX NIHR, UK.; The salary of MLW was funded by the National Institute of
Health Research (NIHR), under grant CL-2016-26-005.; Department for
International Development, UK.; Project number 300342-104
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TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
SN 1469-493X
EI 1361-6137
J9 COCHRANE DB SYST REV
JI Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
PY 2020
IS 3
AR CD012982
DI 10.1002/14651858.CD012982.pub2
PG 51
GA KY6KZ
UT WOS:000522683100024
PM 32212268
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT S
AU Rao, CS
Gopinath, KA
Prasad, JVNS
Prasannakumar
Singh, AK
AF Rao, Ch. Srinivasa
Gopinath, K. A.
Prasad, J. V. N. S.
Prasannakumar
Singh, A. K.
BE Sparks, DL
TI Climate Resilient Villages for Sustainable Food Security in Tropical
India: Concept, Process, Technologies, Institutions, and Impacts
SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 140
SE Advances in Agronomy
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
ID SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SEMIARID TROPICS; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; SUMMER
MONSOON; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; ADAPTATION; SYSTEM; PROJECTIONS;
MITIGATION
AB The world population is expected to increase by a further three billion by 2050
and 90% of the three billion will be from developing countries that rely on
existing land, water, and ecology for food and well-being of human kind. The
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its fifth assessment report
(AR5) stated that warming of the climate system is unequivocal and is more
pronounced since the 1950s. The atmosphere and oceans have warmed, the amounts of
snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen. Each of the last three
decades has been successively warmer at the earth's surface than any preceding
decade since 1850 and the globally averaged combined land and ocean surface
temperature data as calculated by a linear trend show a warming of 0.85 degrees C
(0.65-1.06 degrees C) over the period of 1880-2012. World Meteorological
Organization (WMO) ranked 2015 as the hottest year on record.
Climate change poses many challenges to growth and development in South Asia.
The Indian agriculture production system faces the daunting task of feeding 17.5%
of the global population with only 2.4% of land and 4% of water resources at its
disposal. India is more vulnerable to climate change in view of the dependence of
huge population on agriculture, excessive pressure on natural resources, and
relatively weak coping mechanisms. The warming trend in India over the past 100
years has indicated an increase of 0.6 degrees C, which is likely to impact many
crops, negatively impacting food and livelihood security of millions of farmers.
There are already evidences of negative impacts on yield of wheat and paddy in some
parts of India due to increased temperature, water stress, and reduction in number
of rainy days. Significant negative impacts have been projected under medium-term
(2020-39) climate change scenario, for example, yield reduction by 4.5-9%,
depending on the magnitude and distribution of warming. Since agriculture currently
contributes about 15% of India's gross domestic product (GDP), a negative impact on
production implies cost of climate change to roughly range from 0.7% to 1.35% of
GDP per year.
Indian agriculture, with 80% of farmers being smallholders (<0.5 ha) having
diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, is monsoon-dependent rainfed agriculture (58%),
about 30% of population undernourished, migration from rural to urban regions,
child malnutrition etc., has become more vulnerable with changed climate or
variability situations. During the past decade, frequency of droughts, cyclone, and
hailstorms increased, with 2002, 2004, 2009, 2012, and 2014 being severe droughts.
Frequent cyclones and severe hailstorms in drought prone areas have become common.
Eastern part of the country is affected by seawater intrusion. Reduced food grain
productivity, loss to vegetable and fruit crops, fodder scarcity, shortage of
drinking water to animals during summer, forced migration of animals, severe loss
to poultry and fishery sectors were registered, threatening the livelihoods of
rural poor.
Enhancing agricultural productivity, therefore, is critical for ensuring food
and nutritional security for all, particularly the resource-poor, small, and
marginal farmers who would be the most affected. In the absence of planned
adaptation, the consequences of long-term climate change on the livelihood security
of the poor could be severe. In India, the estimated countrywide agricultural loss
in 2030 is expected to be over $ 7 billion that will severely affect the income of
at least 10% of the population.
However, this could be reduced by 80%, if cost-effective climate resilient
measures are implemented.
Climate risks are best addressed through increasing adaptive capacity and
building resilience which can bring immediate benefits and can also reduce the
adverse impacts of climate change. Climate resilient agriculture (CRA) encompasses
the incorporation of adaptation and resilient practices in agriculture which
increases the capacity of the system to respond to various climate-related
disturbances by resisting damage and ensures quick recovery. Such disturbances
include events such as drought, flood, heat/cold wave, erratic rainfall pattern,
pest outbreaks, and other threats caused by changing climate. Resilience is the
ability of the system to bounce back and essentially involves judicious and
improved management of natural resources, land, water, soil, and genetic resources
through adoption of best bet practices.
CRA is a way to achieve short-and long-term agricultural development priorities
in the face of climate change and serves as a bridge to other development
priorities. It seeks to support countries and other actors in securing the
necessary policy, technical and financial conditions to enable them to: (1)
sustainably increase agricultural productivity and incomes in order to meet
national food security and development goals, (2) build resilience and the capacity
of agricultural and food systems to adapt to climate change, and (3) seek
opportunities to mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and increase carbon
sequestration. These three conditions (food security, adaptation, and mitigation)
are referred to as the "triple win" of overall CRA.
The concept of climate resilient village (CRV) has been taken up by Government
of India, to provide stability to farm productivity and household incomes and
resilience through livelihood diversification in the face of extreme climatic
events like droughts, cyclones, floods, hailstorms, heat wave, frost, and seawater
inundation. Development of CRVs warrants establishment of a host of enabling
mechanisms to mobilize and empower communities in the decision-making process to
manage and recover from climate risks.
The overall program of establishing CRVs have structured village level
institutions such as Village Climate Risk Management Committee (VCRMC), custom
hiring center (CHC) for farm implements, community seed and fodder banks, commodity
groups etc. The establishment of CRVs was based on bottom-up approach with village
community taking a central role in decision making on institutional requirements,
technological interventions and supporting systems with able support from experts.
In our knowledge, the CRV network of National Initiative on Climate Resilient
Agriculture (NICRA) is by far the largest outreach program involving farmer's
participation ever undertaken in the field of climate change adaptation anywhere in
the world.
Planning, coordination, monitoring, and capacity building of the program at the
country level is the responsibility of the research organization (ICAR-Central
Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture). At the district level, Krishi Vigyan
Kendra (KVK; Farm Science Centre) under the Division of Agricultural Extension
under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), All India Coordinated
Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA) centers and Transfer of
Technology divisions of various ICAR Institutions across the country are
responsible in implementing the project at village level through farmers'
participatory approach.
To address the climate vulnerabilities of the selected villages, different
interventions were planned under the four modules; however, the specific
intervention under each module for a particular village was need based and decided
based on climatic vulnerability and resource situation of the particular village.
The four intervention modules being implemented are (1) Natural resource management
(in situ moisture conservation, biomass mulching, residue recycling, manure
management, soil health card-based nutrient application, water harvesting and
recycling for supplementary or life saving irrigation, improved drainage in high
rainfall/flood prone villages, conservation tillage, and water saving irrigation
methods). (2) Crop production module consisting of introduction of short-duration
and drought/flood-tolerant varieties, modifications in planting dates for postrainy
(winter) season crops to cope with terminal heat stress, water saving paddy systems
(System of Rice Intensification, aerobic, direct seeding), frost management in
fruit/vegetables, community nursery in staggered dates to meet delay in onset of
monsoon, energy-efficient farm machinery through village CHC with timely completion
of farm operation in limited sowing window, location specific intercropping
systems, and suitable agroforestry systems. (3) Module III covers livestock and
fisheries interventions through augmentation of fodder production, fodder storage
methods, prophylaxis, and improved shelters for reducing heat stress in livestock,
management of fish ponds/tanks during water scarcity and excess water, and
promotion of livestock as climate adaptation strategy. (4) Module IV consists of
village level institutions, collective marketing groups, introduction of weather-
based insurance, and climate literacy though establishment of automated weather
stations.
Impacts of these climate resilient interventions in the villages were assessed
through various resilience indicators, importantly, improved farm productivity,
farm income, livelihoods at household and village level. Environmental impacts were
assessed on improved soil carbon sequestration, groundwater recharge, vegetation
and forest cover, and measurements of GHG emissions which were correlated with ex
ante assessment of village level carbon balance and overall contribution to global
warming potential.
These 151 CRVs are learning sites for further expanding resilient villages to
adjoining clusters and districts so that large number of villages will become part
of the overall adaptation-led climate change mitigation mission in the country.
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Institute of Dryland Agriculture; Indian Council of Agricultural
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NR 134
TC 48
Z9 49
U1 30
U2 314
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0065-2113
EI 2213-6789
BN 978-0-12-804691-3; 978-0-12-804842-9
J9 ADV AGRON
JI Adv. Agron.
PY 2016
VL 140
BP 101
EP 214
DI 10.1016/bs.agron.2016.06.003
PG 114
WC Agronomy
WE Book Citation Index – Science (BKCI-S); Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-
EXPANDED)
SC Agriculture
GA BH0CF
UT WOS:000394566200005
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Enoch, AJ
English, M
McGivern, G
Shepperd, S
N'gar, SN
Aduro, N
Kimutai, D
Mutiso, C
Muturi, C
Nzioki, C
Mithamo, A
Kuria, M
Otido, S
Njiiri, P
Inginia, R
Kigen, B
Thuranira, L
Oliwa, J
Nzinga, J
Irimu, G
Gathara, D
Akech, S
Ogero, M
Chepkirui, M
Mbevi, G
Burke, O
Massa, S
AF Enoch, Abigail J.
English, Mike
McGivern, Gerald
Shepperd, Sasha
N'gar, Samuel N'gar
Aduro, Nick
Kimutai, David
Mutiso, Cecilia
Muturi, Celia
Nzioki, Charles
Mithamo, Agnes
Kuria, Magdalene
Otido, Samuel
Njiiri, Peris
Inginia, Rachel
Kigen, Barnabas
Thuranira, Lydia
Oliwa, Jacquie
Nzinga, Jacinta
Irimu, Grace
Gathara, David
Akech, Sam
Ogero, Morris
Chepkirui, Mercy
Mbevi, George
Burke, Orlaith
Massa, Sofia
CA Clinical Information Network
TI Variability in the use of pulse oximeters with children in Kenyan
hospitals: A mixed-methods analysis
SO PLOS MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA; CARE; HYPOXEMIA; MORTALITY; QUALITY; OXYGEN;
MULTICENTER; GUIDELINES; KNOWLEDGE
AB Author summaryWhy was this study done? Pulse oximeters are an easy to use,
relatively inexpensive technology that helps to detect low levels of oxygen in the
blood, which assists healthcare workers in determining a child's diagnosis and
appropriate treatment. Studies show that, even when available, pulse oximeters are
often not used in low- and middle-income countries, but little research has looked
into why. We therefore carried out this study to determine when and why healthcare
workers do or do not use pulse oximeters with children admitted to Kenyan
hospitals. What did the researchers do and find? We carried out statistical
analyses on a data set of 27,906 children admitted to 7 Kenyan hospitals and
interviews with 30 healthcare workers and staff at 14 Kenyan hospitals. We found
that there was variability in the use of pulse oximeters and that healthcare
workers were most likely to use pulse oximeters with children in certain hospitals,
at later time periods, and with children who were not alert or had chest indrawing
or a high respiratory rate. The main factors that prevent healthcare workers from
using pulse oximeters appropriately are if there is an inadequate supply, a delay
in repairing broken pulse oximeters, and the healthcare workers have not had
sufficient training on when, how, and why to use pulse oximeters and interpret
their results. What do these findings mean? The findings suggest that healthcare
workers are likely to use pulse oximeters with more children if there are efficient
and transparent systems for procurement and repair, oxygen therapy is available,
training and feedback are provided, and senior doctors advocate for the use of
pulse oximeters. If healthcare workers use pulse oximeters with more children at
admission, this may increase the number of children who are correctly diagnosed and
appropriately treated, potentially leading to fewer child deaths.
Background Pulse oximetry, a relatively inexpensive technology, has the
potential to improve health outcomes by reducing incorrect diagnoses and supporting
appropriate treatment decisions. There is evidence that in low- and middle-income
countries, even when available, widespread uptake of pulse oximeters has not
occurred, and little research has examined why. We sought to determine when and
with which children pulse oximeters are used in Kenyan hospitals, how pulse
oximeter use impacts treatment provision, and the barriers to pulse oximeter use.
Methods and findings We analyzed admissions data recorded through Kenya's Clinical
Information Network (CIN) between September 2013 and February 2016. We carried out
multiple imputation and generated multivariable regression models in R. We also
conducted interviews with 30 healthcare workers and staff from 14 Kenyan hospitals
to examine pulse oximetry adoption. We adapted the Integrative Model of Behavioural
Prediction to link the results from the multivariable regression analyses to the
qualitative findings. We included 27,906 child admissions from 7 hospitals in the
quantitative analyses. The median age of the children was 1 year, and 55% were
male. Three-quarters had a fever, over half had a cough; other symptoms/signs were
difficulty breathing (34%), difficulty feeding (34%), and indrawing (32%). The most
common diagnoses were pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria: 45%, 35%, and 28% of
children, respectively, had these diagnoses. Half of the children obtained a pulse
oximeter reading, and of these, 10% had an oxygen saturation level below 90%.
Children were more likely to receive a pulse oximeter reading if they were not
alert (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.55, p = 0.003),
had chest indrawing (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.40, p < 0.001), or a very high
respiratory rate (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.43, p < 0.001), as were children
admitted to certain hospitals, at later time periods, and when a Paediatric
Admission Record (PAR) was used (OR PAR used compared with PAR not present: 2.41,
95% CI: 1.98, 2.94, p < 0.001). Children were more likely to be prescribed oxygen
if a pulse oximeter reading was obtained (OR: 1.42, 95% CI:1.25, 1.62, p < 0.001)
and if this reading was below 90% (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 2.82, 3.84, p < 0.001). The
interviews indicated that the main barriers to pulse oximeter use are inadequate
supply, broken pulse oximeters, and insufficient training on how, when, and why to
use pulse oximeters and interpret their results. According to the interviews,
variation in pulse oximeter use between hospitals is because of differences in
pulse oximeter availability and the leadership of senior doctors in advocating for
pulse oximeter use, whereas variation within hospitals over time is due to repair
delays. Pulse oximeter use increased over time, likely because of the CIN's
feedback to hospitals. When pulse oximeters are used, they are sometimes used
incorrectly and some healthcare workers lack confidence in readings that contradict
clinical signs. The main limitations of the study are that children with high
levels of missing data were not excluded, interview participants might not have
been representative, and the interviews did not enable a detailed exploration of
differences between counties or across senior management groups. Conclusions There
remain major challenges to implementing pulse oximetry-a cheap, decades old
technology-into routine care in Kenya.
Implementation requires efficient and transparent procurement and repair systems
to ensure adequate availability.
Periodic training, structured clinical records that include prompts, the
promotion of pulse oximetry by senior doctors, and monitoring and feedback might
also support pulse oximeter use. Our findings can inform strategies to support the
use of pulse oximeters to guide prompt and effective treatment, in line with the
Sustainable Development Goals. Without effective implementation, the potential
benefits of pulse oximeters and possible hospital cost-savings by targeting oxygen
therapy might not be realized.
C1 [Enoch, Abigail J.; Shepperd, Sasha; Burke, Orlaith; Massa, Sofia] Univ Oxford,
Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England.
[English, Mike; Oliwa, Jacquie; Nzinga, Jacinta; Irimu, Grace; Gathara, David;
Akech, Sam; Ogero, Morris; Chepkirui, Mercy; Mbevi, George] KEMRI Wellcome Trust
Res Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
[English, Mike] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England.
[McGivern, Gerald] Univ Warwick, Warwick Business Sch, Coventry, W Midlands,
England.
[N'gar, Samuel N'gar] Vihiga Cty Hosp, Maragoli, Kenya.
[Aduro, Nick] Kakamega Cty Hosp, Kakamega, Kenya.
[Kimutai, David] Mbagathi Cty Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Mutiso, Cecilia; Muturi, Celia] Mama Lucy Kibaki Cty Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Nzioki, Charles] Machakos Cty Hosp, Machakos, Kenya.
[Mithamo, Agnes] Nyeri Cty Hosp, Nyeri, Kenya.
[Kuria, Magdalene] Kisumu East Cty Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya.
[Otido, Samuel] Embu Cty Hosp, Embu, Kenya.
[Njiiri, Peris] Kerugoya Cty Hosp, Kerugoya, Kenya.
[Inginia, Rachel] Kitale Cty Hosp, Kitale, Kenya.
[Kigen, Barnabas] Busia Cty Hosp, Busia, Kenya.
[Thuranira, Lydia] Kiambu Cty Hosp, Kiambu, Kenya.
C3 University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Warwick
RP Shepperd, S (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth,
Oxford, England.
EM abby.enoch@gmail.com; sasha.shepperd@ndph.ox.ac.uk
OI English, Michael/0000-0002-7427-0826; Enoch,
Abigail/0000-0002-3183-0010; Shepperd, Sasha/0000-0001-6384-8322
FU Medical Research Council; Wellcome Trust [207522]; Oxford's Nuffield
Department of Population Health; Oxford Nuffield Department of
Population Health
FX AJE is the recipient of a studentship jointly funded by the Medical
Research Council and the Oxford Nuffield Department of Population
Health; ME is supported by funds from a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship
(#207522). SS is supported by Oxford's Nuffield Department of Population
Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 74
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1549-1277
EI 1549-1676
J9 PLOS MED
JI PLos Med.
PD DEC
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 12
AR e1002987
DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002987; 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002987.r001;
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002987.r002; 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002987.r003;
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002987.r004; 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002987.r005
PG 20
(SSCI)
GA KC6JC
UT WOS:000507280500010
PM 31891572
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Ezran, C
Bonds, MH
Miller, AC
Cordier, LF
Haruna, J
Mwanawabenea, D
Randriamanambintsoa, M
Razanadrakato, HTR
Ouenzar, MA
Razafinjato, BR
Murray, M
Garchitorena, A
AF Ezran, Camille
Bonds, Matthew H.
Miller, Ann C.
Cordier, Laura F.
Haruna, Justin
Mwanawabenea, David
Randriamanambintsoa, Marius
Razanadrakato, Hery-Tiana R.
Ouenzar, Mohammed Ali
Razafinjato, Benedicte R.
Murray, Megan
Garchitorena, Andres
TI Assessing trends in the content of maternal and child care following a
health system strengthening initiative in rural Madagascar: A
longitudinal cohort study
SO PLOS MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID SERVICE AVAILABILITY; ANTENATAL CARE; LOW-INCOME; QUALITY; COUNTRIES;
MANAGEMENT; UGANDA; TIME
AB Author summaryWhy was this study done? One of the largest contributors to
preventable deaths in low- and middle-income countries is poor quality of care
delivered by the public health system. Yet, given the multiple dimensions of care
quality, there are currently no standard measures to evaluate impacts in this
domain. While health system strengthening (HSS) initiatives strive to
simultaneously increase access to healthcare and improve care quality, few studies
have evaluated the impact of HSS initiatives on both targets. Our study sought to
determine whether an HSS intervention in a rural health district of Madagascar, one
of the world's poorest countries, improved the quality of maternal and child care
at the population level. What did the researchers do and find? We used data from a
district-representative open longitudinal cohort that followed over 1,500
households between 2014 and 2016, in order to compare trends in the content of care
as a proxy for care quality, inside and outside the intervention catchment, through
difference-in-differences analyses. We also analysed data from a Service
Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) conducted in health facilities
supported by the HSS intervention. Our data set included self-reported information
on health seeking behaviors and care content for common illnesses of children under
five ( = 657 in 2014; 411 in 2016), and for maternal care before and during live
births that occurred in the previous two years ( = 552 in 2014; 524 in 2016). nnWe
found that compared to the non-intervention group, the intervention group
experienced a larger improvement in most care content outputs for childhood
illnesses (e.g., 24.4% more children with diarrhea were prescribed oral rehydration
therapy after two years than in the non-intervention area) and for perinatal care,
whereas trends in antenatal care content were more similar in both populations.
Despite progress, there remained important gaps in the provision of essential
health services for individuals in both the intervention and non-intervention
groups. What do these findings mean? The study provides evidence that HSS
initiatives can successfully increase access to healthcare in target populations
while also improving the quality of certain primary care services provided. The
approach used here can be adapted to other local HSS initiatives to stimulate more
comprehensive impact evaluations. Evidence from this study can help guide
investments in integrated primary care systems that are needed globally to improve
maternal and child care. The interpretation of the study findings is limited by the
absence of randomization in the allocation of the intervention's programs and by
the reliance on self-reported answers.
Background In order to reach the health-related Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) by 2030, gains attained in access to primary healthcare must be matched by
gains in the quality of services delivered. Despite the broad consensus around the
need to address quality, studies on the impact of health system strengthening (HSS)
have focused predominantly on measures of healthcare access. Here, we examine
changes in the content of maternal and child care as a proxy for healthcare
quality, to better evaluate the effectiveness of an HSS intervention in a rural
district of Madagascar. The intervention aimed at improving system readiness at all
levels of care (community health, primary health centers, district hospital)
through facility renovations, staffing, equipment, and training, while removing
logistical and financial barriers to medical care (e.g., ambulance network and
user-fee exemptions). Methods and findings We carried out a district-representative
open longitudinal cohort study, with surveys administered to 1,522 households in
the Ifanadiana district of Madagascar at the start of the HSS intervention in 2014,
and again to 1,514 households in 2016. We examined changes in healthcare seeking
behavior and outputs for sick-child care among children <5 years old, as well as
for antenatal care and perinatal care among women aged 15-49. We used a difference-
in-differences (DiD) analysis to compare trends between the intervention group
(i.e., people living inside the HSS catchment area) and the non-intervention
comparison group (i.e., the rest of the district). In addition, we used health
facility-based surveys, monitoring service availability and readiness, to assess
changes in the operational capacities of facilities supported by the intervention.
The cohort study included 657 and 411 children (mean age = 2 years) reported to be
ill in the 2014 and 2016 surveys, respectively (27.8% and 23.8% in the intervention
group for each survey), as well as 552 and 524 women (mean age = 28 years) reported
to have a live birth within the previous two years in the 2014 and 2016 surveys,
respectively (31.5% and 29.6% in the intervention group for each survey). Over the
two-year study period, the proportion of people who reported seeking care at health
facilities experienced a relative change of +51.2% (from 41.4% in 2014 to 62.5% in
2016) and -7.1% (from 30.0% to 27.9%) in the intervention and non-intervention
groups, respectively, for sick-child care (DiD p-value = 0.01); +11.4% (from 78.3%
to 87.2%), and +10.3% (from 67.3% to 74.2%) for antenatal care (p-value = 0.75);
and +66.2% (from 23.1% to 38.3%) and +28.9% (from 13.9% to 17.9%) for perinatal
care (p-value = 0.13). Most indicators of care content, including rates of
medication prescription and diagnostic test administration, appeared to increase
more in the intervention compared to in the non-intervention group for the three
areas of care we assessed. The reported prescription rate for oral rehydration
therapy among children with diarrhea changed by +68.5% (from 29.6% to 49.9%) and -
23.2% (from 17.8% to 13.7%) in the intervention and non-intervention groups,
respectively (p-value = 0.05). However, trends observed in the care content varied
widely by indicator and did not always match the large apparent increases observed
in care seeking behavior, particularly for antenatal care, reflecting important
gaps in the provision of essential health services for individuals who sought care.
The main limitation of this study is that the intervention catchment was not
randomly allocated, and some demographic indicators were better for this group at
baseline than for the rest of the district, which could have impacted the trends
observed. Conclusion Using a district-representative longitudinal cohort to assess
the content of care delivered to the population, we found a substantial increase
over the two-year study period in the prescription rate for ill children and in all
World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended perinatal care outputs assessed in the
intervention group, with more modest changes observed in the non-intervention
group. Despite improvements associated with the HSS intervention, this study
highlights the need for further quality improvement in certain areas of the
district's healthcare system. We show how content of care, measured through
standard population-based surveys, can be used as a component of HSS impact
evaluations, enabling healthcare leaders to track progress as well as identify and
address specific gaps in the provision of services that extend beyond care access.
C1 [Ezran, Camille] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA
94305 USA.
[Bonds, Matthew H.; Cordier, Laura F.; Haruna, Justin; Mwanawabenea, David;
Ouenzar, Mohammed Ali; Razafinjato, Benedicte R.; Garchitorena, Andres] PIVOT,
Ranomafana, Madagascar.
[Bonds, Matthew H.; Miller, Ann C.; Murray, Megan] Harvard Med Sch, Blavatn
Inst, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Randriamanambintsoa, Marius; Razanadrakato, Hery-Tiana R.] Inst Natl Stat,
Direct Demog & Stat Sociales, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
[Garchitorena, Andres] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, MIVEGEC, IRD, Montpellier,
France.
C3 Stanford University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour
le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier
RP Ezran, C (corresponding author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy,
Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Garchitorena, A (corresponding author), PIVOT, Ranomafana,
Madagascar.; Garchitorena, A (corresponding author), Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
MIVEGEC, IRD, Montpellier, France.
EM camillee@stanford.edu; andres.garchitorena@gmail.com
RI GARCHITORENA, Andres/AGL-1928-2022
OI GARCHITORENA, Andres/0000-0001-6225-5226; Miller,
Ann/0000-0001-6841-9439
FU PIVOT; Herrnstein Family Foundation
FX The authors received no external source of funding for this work. The
IHOPE and SARA studies were funded by the nongovernmental organization
PIVOT and the Herrnstein Family Foundation. The funders had no role in
study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
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NR 63
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 9
PI SAN FRANCISCO
SN 1549-1277
EI 1549-1676
J9 PLOS MED
JI PLos Med.
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 8
AR e1002869
PG 23
(SSCI)
GA JC1PS
UT WOS:000489050500017
PM 31430286
DA 2023-04-04
ER
PT J
AU Eckenwiler, L
AF Eckenwiler, Lisa
TI Displacement and solidarity: An ethic of place-making
SO BIOETHICS
LA English
DT Article
DE displacement; justice; migrants; migration; place-making; refugees;
solidarity
ID HEALTH; CARE; PLACEMAKING; REFUGEES
AB When the sick, injured, or dying arrive in a hospital - often along with family
members - they find themselves on an alien landscape. Elderly people enter
unfamiliar territory as they move from home or hospital into a long-term care
setting, which may be the first in a series of placements for their final years.
African Americans have been subjected for decades to oppressive urban planning
policies, including 'serial displacement', which have systematically uprooted and
dispersed them, their homes, and their places of business and worship. Around the
world currently, 65 million people are displaced, most trying to escape
uninhabitable environs involving war, persecution, drought, and famine. Some of
these migrants and asylum-seekers reside in and around refugee camps but many are
in urban enclaves or isolated outside them in desperately inhospitable conditions.
Some are trying to integrate and make homes in new countries. Still more people are
coming in perilous flight from the unfurling effects of climate change. 'We are
place-lings,' according to Ed Casey, 'never without emplaced experiences'. Lorraine
Code, explaining our social and geographical embeddedness and interdependence,
describes us as 'ecological subjects'. By recognizing place, we can deepen our
appreciation for the ways in which we are radically relational, that is,
interdependent with people, non-human others, and particular locations. This robust
and realistic conception of our relational nature and its implications for health
and ethics deserves more attention. Elsewhere I have argued for 'ethical place-
making' as morally obligatory for supporting the capability to be healthy, or
health justice, for ecological subjects. Drawing on this conception of persons as
creatures situated in specific social relations, geographic locations, and
atmospheric and material environments, here I emphasize the importance of place and
argue for an ideal and practice of 'ethical place-making' as an essential and,
indeed, ethically required way of demonstrating and forging future solidarity and
advancing justice, particularly health justice. The paper is organized as follows.
In Section 2, I explain what I mean by place and examine the relationships,
revealed by contemporary research in social epidemiology, between place and health.
In Section 3, I build on the conception of persons as ecological subjects to ground
what Carol Gould has called 'solidaristic recognition', which, as I will interpret
it, requires us to reckon with the significance of place in our relational nature.
I then link solidaristic recognition to the ideal and practice of ethical place-
making and, in turn, the capability to be healthy, that is, health justice. I argue
that place-based interventions should be principal and prioritized ways of showing
solidarity and promoting justice - especially health justice - for ecological
subjects, above all those who are displaced and/or insecurely placed. Where
solidaristic relations do not prevail, ethical place-making has the potential to
catalyze and nurture them and, over time, to advance justice.
A full discussion of the complex and contested relationship between solidarity
and global justice is beyond the scope of what I can expound on here; I follow -
and present concrete manifestations of - the views of Iris Marion Young and Carol
Gould in seeing solidarity as having, as Gould puts it, a crucial 'role not only in
motivating people's commitment to the realization of global justice but [also]
contribut[ing] to its construction or constitution.' In Section 4, I present
examples of ethical place-making inspired by solidaristic recognition in a range of
domains significant for bioethics - clinical and long-term care and urban planning
in the United States and Netherlands, and refugee care and resettlement in Lebanon
and Germany. In the cases presented, I describe how the particular elements of
ethical place-making, emerging from solidaristic recognition, are realized, and so
support the conditions for the capability to healthy, or health justice. Following
this discussion, I move on to the conclusion. Place 'is no fixed thing'. The
accounts of geographers, philosophers, and some architects emphasize our embodied
experience in or around place(s), place's significance for the development of our
subjectivity and identity, and, finally, the complex social processes that help to
create, maintain, and transform places (and, in turn, bodies and subjectivities).
The understanding I follow here defines 'place' in terms of the material
environment, and how we, as embodied beings, move in, absorb, shape and are shaped
by it, and how we, as social agents, interact with and within it, gather and attach
particular meanings, and forge relationships and identities. A growing body of
research in social epidemiology using realist methods explains in increasingly
rich, if grim, detail the ways in which social conditions and features of the
external environment, including place-related factors, affect health and longevity,
and contribute to preventable health inequities. We are talking about components of
the built environment, like land use, housing design, materials and quality, street
layout and transportation, exposure to toxins, and violence, access to food and
activity options; and urban design or decline. Air and water quality, and access to
green space are other place-related factors. We should also include climate and the
potential in specific locations for climate-related disasters in our scope of
concern. So-called 'determinants' such as these operate independently and
interactively at various levels and in different contexts to generate harms to
health and health inequities. On terrain more typical for bioethics, clinical and
other care settings, as currently configured, are notoriously disorienting,
anxiety-inducing, and in some ways dangerous for physical, psychological, and
existential health. Researchers have detailed a range of effects of institutional
design, including the effects of noise and light on recovery times, and the ways
architecture can shape interactions and experiences. Long-term care settings are
infamous for poor conditions. A lack of light, private space, and access to the
outdoors, for example, and isolation from broader social surroundings, adversely
affect the health of elderly people. People fleeing war, persecution, and famine
endure desperate conditions that threaten health. Many reside in camps (in the form
of transit camps and official refugee camps, detention centers, etc.
) while others dwell in slums or other settlements - primarily in urban areas -
segregated from the majority population. These people suffer from a range of
complex physical and mental health conditions. Before or during transit and in
camps and other settings, they face food insecurity, risk of communicable disease,
fear, violence, loss, and other experiences. If there is access to health services
it is often restricted to acute medical care, and not equipped to adequately
address chronic or mental health conditions or the social determinants of health
needs. Migrants and asylum-seeking people thus lack crucial capabilities to be
healthy. It is not that a relationship between place and health is a modern
epiphany. Hippocrates' Airs, waters, and places, the epidemiological work of Louis-
Rene Villerme and Rudolph Virchow in the 19th century, and the histories of public
health and urban planning, all recognized the importance of environmental
conditions. The asylums for the mentally ill in the late 19th century reveal an
attention, if not yet evidence-based, for place in care and healing. Inspired by
the Moral Treatment movement, New Enlightenment intellectuals, and health advocates
like Dorthea Dix, Thomas Kirkbride established professional guidelines on
institutional layout and room design for patients. Realist methods in social
epidemiology, more recently, have deepened our appreciation and understanding of
the processes at work on our corporeal nature, and our entanglement with the world
around us. We are situated socially, materially, and geographically, and vulnerable
as creatures who need care and who also need to 'fit' with the places in which we
dwell and through which we navigate. We are, in short, ecological subjects, beings
for whom social interdependence and geographic locatedness are vital. As I will
argue below, health justice, or the capability to be healthy, therefore demands
thoughtful attention to place and the conditions that create and sustain places. In
the next section, I explain the relationship between recognizing people as
ecological subjects and the ideal and practice of solidarity. Solidarity, as I will
define it, refers to reaching out through engaging our moral imaginations across
social and/or geographic distance and asymmetry to recognize and assist others who
are vulnerable, in some cases, acutely, and, over time, advance justice. As a
practice, solidarity involves two core 'enacted commitments'. The first commitment
is to engaging our moral imaginations and recognizing others in need, or what I
will describe below as solidaristic recognition. The second commitment is to
responsive action. This hybrid definition draws upon the inspirational work of Iris
Marion Young, Carol Gould, Fuyuki Kurasawa, and Prainsack and Buyx, all of whom
build upon a long and rich history of interpretations of solidarity. Recognizing
the suffering of the displaced and others who are 'implaced' in conditions unable
to sustain them follows from the most minimal appreciation of people as ecological
subjects, relational creatures who are densely enmeshed in social relations as well
as spatial locations. While my analysis differs substantially, to describe this
here I use Carol Gould's term, 'solidaristic recognition'. Gould distinguishes
between what she calls 'rigorous recognition' and 'generous recognition'.
Rigorous recognition appreciates the equality of all people through an
essentially cognitive process involving an acknowledgment of our fellow humanity.
The generous genre, which she recasts as 'solidaristic recognition', involves
empathy, or an affective link with others, and focuses on our 'mutual
interdependence and common needs'. Solidaristic recognition conceives of others as
'equal in their difference', that is, their distinctive social group membership and
individual particularity. On my own interpretation, solidaristic recognition has
two varieties, neither of which relies on empathy: basic and relational,
responsible recognition. If we conceive of people in ecological terms, basic
recognition (similar to Gould's 'rigorous recognition') might be expanded beyond
its appreciation of everyone's equal moral worth to take account of the
significance of place for the equitable flourishing of all ecological subjects.
This most basic form of recognition acknowledges that we are equal in part because
we all share a need to be 'in place' in settings that can sustain us and support
our capacities. A second, more ethically responsible, form of recognition I will
call relational solidaristic recognition emerges from reckoning more thoroughly
with our radically relational nature as ecological subjects. This reckoning demands
that we conceive of ourselves and others as embedded but also that we understand
that we are constitutive of one another and our environs. Geographers have
described this in terms of the intersubjectivity of identity and place. In her
philosophical account of ecological subjectivity, Lorraine Code underscores the
idea that we are 'made by and making [our] relations in [asymmetrical] reciprocity
with other subjects and with horizontal ellipsis multiple, diverse locations'.
Seeing not just identities, but also, critically, place in relational terms,
highlights 'the variety of interactions between people who are located differently
that go into making places'. As Iris Young puts it, we 'dwell together' in
'complex, causal' relations of interdependence and in specific atmospheric and
material conditions on earth in geographic regions and neighborhoods, in homes, and
institutions of care and employment. We ecological subjects, then, contribute to
the construction of place - often unintentionally - through actions and
interactions within a larger context of social structures and processes. These
structures and processes serve to enable some people in the realization of their
capacities, yet constrain others, creating and/or sustaining structural injustice.
This is evidenced, for example, in urban planning policies that spawn residential
segregation or global economic and trade policies that compel health care workers
to migrate and deepen health inequities in source countries. While basic
solidaristic recognition can allow for or has the potential to generate ethical
place-making, relational recognition understands the ways that our own
subjectivities, identities, and places of dwelling as ecological subjects are
formed in relation to other identities in other places and, crucially, that this
generates responsibilities for justice. It is in this sense that relational
solidaristic recognition is a more responsible form: it appreciates better-situated
ecological subjects' contributions to the injustice suffered by the displaced or
precariously placed, and aspires to respond and work toward promoting justice.
Responsiveness , an important epistemic and, in turn, ethical capacity, is a
crucial element for enactments of solidarity in the view I want to develop. Both
Joan Tronto and Elise Springer assign 'responsiveness' a prominent place in their
work. Springer situates 'responsiveness' within virtue ethics. On her view, it
involves a kind of adaptability, particularly in unfamiliar moral terrain, or in
the face of concerns that 'resist clear representation'. Springer posits
responsiveness as also involving a commitment to 'extend a temporally continuous
thread of attention' or giving one's moral attention over time, not episodically or
reactively. Tronto identifies responsiveness as one of four ethical elements of
care, casting it as a moral capacity that involves vigilance 'to the possibilities
for abuse that arise with vulnerability'. I would add another element as integral
to responsiveness, drawn specifically from ecological epistemology: an ability to
show finely tuned sensitivity to context, that is, the particularity of people and
circumstance, and give attention and action that is fitting. Solidarity, enacted,
should emerge from a disposition committed to responsiveness understood in terms of
these capacities, if it is to meet the mark. In the next section I turn to
responsive action that arises from solidaristic recognition, in particular, efforts
at place-making for the displaced. Innovation, inspired by ecological thinking and
increasingly evidence-based, is underway. 'Place-making' is a set of intentional
practices spanning different disciplines that targets neighborhoods, parks and
paths, features of landscape, housing developments, streetscapes, long-term care
facilities, and hospitals. With and without attention to health, it is either
referenced explicitly or somehow central to key international documents and
declarations including the Sustainable Development Goals and UN Habitat's New Urban
Agenda. It is on the agendas of the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Centers
for Disease Control (CDC), even the World Bank, some think tanks and foundations,
and a major US corporation. Public health leaders point to place-based
interventions as 'the new frontier'. In other work I have interpreted ethical
place-making, a notion that first surfaced in the geography literature, as a core
component of an enabling, capabilities-oriented conception of justice. Grounded in
ecological thinking and an ecological conception of persons, ethical place-making
understands all people as embedded socially and spatially, and often enmeshed in
relationships of structural injustice that threaten health. Key elements of ethical
place-making include: nurturing relations of care and interdependence; protecting
bodily integrity; supporting autonomy, not interpreted in terms of individual self-
reliance, but in the relational sense that sees us as originating, persisting, and
flourishing within relations of care and interdependence, given ongoing
opportunities for self-directed thought and action; promoting stability and a sense
of rootedness and, at the same time, supporting generative movement; and finally,
where necessary, responding to inequities. Below I offer selected examples of
place-making drawn from a range of domains pertinent to bioethics.
After describing them, I explain why they count as instances of ethical place-
making inspired by (and potentially generating more) solidaristic recognition and
how they stand to promote - especially health - justice and in some cases address
health inequities. I start at the level of community and public health with an
urban planning example, and from there, turn to a clinical and then a long-term
care setting. These three case studies come from the global north. The final
examples explore (mostly health-centered) place-making efforts in refugee reception
and resettlement, sketching innovations in Germany and also Lebanon, a country that
borders the war in Syria and ranks fourth worldwide as a host to refugees. Further
research will yield additional instances of solidarity and place-making,
particularly for health, in other parts of the world.
In [a] system of the city as weaving, [creating] crosswise threads enables
solidarity, and fundamental to solidarity is the free system of movement horizontal
ellipsis 'Intentional shrinkage', 'sorting', and 'serial displacement' are terms
given to the urban land use and 'development' policies that systematically shredded
the social and material fabric in and around African American neighborhoods in New
York City. Public health researchers have linked these policies and the consequent
displacement of families, businesses, churches and more, to the AIDS epidemic,
addiction, asthma, post-traumatic stress, and obesity. Working together, citizens,
planners, and researchers responded with the Giraffe Path (GP), a 6-mile trail from
Central Park to the Cloisters. The walking and biking path is a project emerging
explicitly from the kind of solidarity described above: the recognition of the city
and its people as ecologically embedded, with enduring health inequities as a
result of displacements, and responsive action in the form of (re)creating place
with and for ecological subjects. The GP is based on a conception of the city and
its neighborhoods and residents as interdependent - and is designed to restore
connections between formerly fractured communities around and across the Harlem
River and, at the same time, to support outdoor physical activity. The closure of
the bridge, that had long linked neighbors, as a 'crime-prevention' measure for
gentrifying neighborhoods, severed (in a pattern repeated in cities everywhere)
relationships between people according to categories of class and race. By
(re)connecting places and people and mending - as its designers say, 'weaving',
're-stitching' - the GP helps restore these and cultivate new relations. At the
same time, as part of the City Life Is Moving Bodies (CLIMB) Project, the GP's
creation of flow and unimpeded movement is being celebrated as 'a victory for the
city's entire circulatory system'. The attention paid to (solidaristic recognition
of) the importance of place for health and most significantly, health inequities,
in this instance of ethical place-making is an exception and not the norm. Urban
renewal policies and planning tend to prioritize physical, economic, and social
issues, yet few focus explicitly on health or show concern for health equity.
Another essential dimension for future solidarity is the potential for political
engagement generated by the GP.
As Iris Young argues (and the inset quote implies), segregation obscures from
the affluent an appreciation of their privilege, and, by limiting interaction,
constrains political communication. This erodes the potential for solidarity and
perpetuates social injustice. The GP designers aspire to promote solidaristic
recognition through facilitating new interactions, forging new relations, and
evolving as ecological subjects.
We must pay attention to the lived spatial significance of patients' experience
of health and illness if we are going to treat them fully and well. Doing so is one
step of paying attention to a person horizontal ellipsis The terrain and overall
ambience of the clinical setting is famously hostile to non-medical people, notably
the ones it exists to serve. Place-centered innovation in hospitals and other
centers of care is a growing niche, recognizing the harms done to ecological
subjects - here patients and their families - in the 'care' of institutions built
as medical assembly lines organized around time until discharge or demise. One
neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the Royal United Hospital in Bath, U.K.,
recognizes the importance of place for the health and well-being of vulnerable
ecological subjects and puts into practice a concept known as 'secure base', which
wraps around patients and families 'like a hug'. The unit's design also
demonstrates solidarity with them in recognizing the effects of typical clinical
settings and, in contrast, boasts lots of natural light, greatly reduced noise,
private nooks, and a horseshoe-shape design that reflects the progression a newborn
will take from intensive care to a neonatal room. In this case of ethical place-
making, innovators aim to create a habitat that nurtures overlapping relations of
care wherein babies sleep longer, and parents are perhaps a little less distressed,
and more able to participate in care and interact with clinical care providers. As
noted above, the structure of this temporary dwelling enables families to better
understand, through their embodied experience, the clinical pathway the infants
will follow until discharge, which in turn likely gives a boost to their sense of
agency and empowerment and helps to level the playing field with clinicians.
Designed by a long-term care nurse in response to her observations and experience
of existing institutions, Hogeway Village accommodates elderly people with dementia
in a setting meant to resemble a real European neighborhood. It has a market, cafe,
salon, theater, sidewalks, and ample green space. Different models, tailored to
appeal to specific social and cultural groups, are available. Staff engage with
residents without clinical garb and simultaneously provide skilled care. Family
members are integrally involved in care plans. Hogeway is built to protect yet not
restrict, allowing residents a wide range of movement and access to the outdoors.
The availability of palliative care ensures that residents do not have to relocate
at the end of life, which allows for continuity of care and relationships. Another
benefit is that family members need not navigate new terrains, or settings, of care
or transportation as elders' needs evolve. Emerging research on long-term care
settings designed more like homes and communities suggests that residents are more
socially engaged and active, and experience better overall 'well-being'.
Preliminary evidence also suggests that integrating families in care can improve
relations with care workers, as well as resident care and health.
European cities and regions have demonstrated their horizontal ellipsis
willingness to express solidarity with horizontal ellipsis the world's refugees via
participation in resettlement. Solidarity is at the moral center of humanitarian
action, and place-making by other names has long been integral to humanitarian
operations. From an emphasis on emergency and temporary assistance, humanitarians
have expanded the scope and practice of 'solidarity' given the nature of current
conflicts and the creation of dependencies that may lead to more sustained
commitments. Their work now increasingly overlaps with development efforts to
bolster host countries' capacities to receive, resettle, and integrate asylum-
seekers and other migrants for the long term. Solidarity, indeed, is the basis of
commitments to refugee resettlement in international humanitarian law. In 2004, the
Mexico Plan of Action to Strengthen International Protection of Refugees in Latin
America (MPA), which encompassed regional responsibility sharing, the expansion of
resettlement space, reception capacity, and long-term integration, highlighted
solidarity as a guiding principle for support of refugees from Columbia and their
host countries. Northern Europe has been the preferred destination for refugees
from Syria and other places where war has driven people from their homes. Germany,
especially its cities, hosts more recent asylum-seekers than any other EU nation.
Urban areas have absorbed two-thirds of the world's refugees and now face the work
of integration. The region offers myriad examples of efforts in ethical place-
making spawned by solidaristic recognition. In both Hamburg and Berlin, organizing
around place has been a key strategy in welcoming and helping to integrate new
arrivals. In Berlin, city planners have employed a strategy of creating container
villages to help refugees feel secure and foster a sense of embeddedness-in-
community. While formalized, state-administered efforts have unfolded, citizen
volunteers have designed innovative responses to link refugees with needed
services, helping to integrate them and provide a sense of place. The coordinated
state and civil society effort, in particular, is an inspiring example of
politically and socially constructed solidarity, supported and advanced by what
Christine Straehle calls a 'cosmopolitan avant-garde' of citizens. Hamburg is also
innovative in linking services across sectors like food, shelter, education, work
skills, and legal advice, appreciating the importance of integrating services for
those who have endured profound dispersion and fragmentation. The city addressed
housing needs by redesigning existing buildings and engaged local communities in
deciding on locations in order to help ensure a welcoming, safe environment and
avoid the possibility of local neighborhood resistance. The countries, such as
Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey that serve as the principal hosts to refugees fleeing
Syria, Afghanistan, and elsewhere, are organizing around so-called 'resilience'
strategies, which aim at bolstering host countries' capacities to accept and
integrate asylum-seekers and other migrants for the long-term. This management
philosophy deserves more sustained discussion. I highlight here another civil
society initiative involving ethical place-making.
In Lebanon during the war (1975-1990) public spaces were among the most
dangerous places. Now they serve as temporary shelter areas for migrants and
refugees displaced from neighboring conflict who face fear, discrimination, and
violence in their new environs. In this context, one architect saw an opportunity:
'I thought by promoting place-making in Lebanon we can join the efforts of local
[civil society] actors, since horizontal ellipsis place-making is based on
networking and bringing people together.' With his guidance, youth in Beirut
participated in identifying and recreating public spaces with the aims of reducing
violence, promoting inclusion, interaction, and community-building. Along with
place-making for the sake of social integration, place-based interventions in
healthcare services are surfacing in response to contemporary migration patterns.
Adapting to the mobility of many displaced people who are, not accessing services
in camps, for instance, humanitarian and local actors have reorganized healthcare
delivery. The Blue Dot Hubs developed by UNHCR and partners to provide care and
services to people en route are a specific example of a response - a place-making
intervention to 'changing therapeutic geographies' in modern crises. In the context
of resettlement, interventions focused on the creation of 'therapeutic landscapes'
aim specifically at displaced children as they resettle in new countries. Through
recultivating cultural traditions, building social networks, and creating safe
places, young people can create new homes. These examples depict different modes of
displacement and distinct populations situated in specific kinds of settings and in
particular - yet in all cases asymmetrical - relations of power. In each case,
responsive action, keenly sensitive to context, emerges from solidaristic
recognition, either basic or relational. In some cases it aims explicitly at
justice. We can see specific elements of solidarity-sparked ethical place-making
across cases. Support for relations of care is at the heart of the efforts made in
the Bath NICU and Hogeway Village designs, and also in the GP and initiatives for
refugees. Attention to the need for rootedness and movement is manifested in these
civil society efforts to welcome and create material, social, economic, and
political space for refugees; it is also an organizing principle for the GP,
Hogeway, and Bath's NICU. Transformative autonomy is evident in the GP, the
therapeutic landscape projects, Hogeway, and the NICU. Attention to inequities,
especially health inequities, motivates the GP and Blue Dot Hubs. In all, the
creators - architects, designers, planners, carers, and citizens - recognize the
'users', let us say 'dwellers', as ecological subjects and respond with concerned
attention to their distinctive needs, in real time and over time with the aim of
supporting their capabilities, chiefly to be healthy, and in some cases to remedy
injustice. I have argued that recognizing all people as ecological subjects enables
us, indeed compels us, to forge relations of solidarity and promote justice through
ethical place-making with those who are vulnerable through their insecure
relationship to place.
On the moral landscape(s) of bioethics, an ethic of place-making expresses and
has rich potential for nurturing bonds of solidarity along with advancing health,
social, and global justice with patients and families, elderly people transitioning
to long-term care, urban populations confronting health inequities, asylum-seekers
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for children and families on the move across Europe. Available at:
http://www.unicef.org/media/media_90316.html?p=print me. Dewachi, O., Skelton, M.,
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refugee youth. Health and Place, 16, 116-131. INTRODUCTION PLACE AND HEALTH:
ECOLOGICAL SUBJECTS ECOLOGICAL SUBJECTIVITY AND SOLIDARITY Solidaristic recognition
Responsiveness SOLIDARITY (AND HEALTH JUSTICE) ENACTED: ETHICAL PLACE-MAKING
Community and public health Care settings Refugee assistance and integration The
elements of ethical place-making CONCLUSION CONFLICT OF INTEREST Footnotes Drawing
on a conception of people as 'ecological subjects', creatures situated in specific
social relations, locations, and material environments, I want to emphasize the
importance of place and place-making for basing, demonstrating, and forging future
solidarity. Solidarity, as I will define it here, involves reaching out through
moral imagination and responsive action across social and/or geographic distance
and asymmetry to assist other people who are vulnerable, and to advance justice.
Contained in the practice of solidarity are two core 'enacted commitments', first,
to engaging our moral imaginations and recognizing others in need and, second, to
responsive action.
Recognizing the suffering of displacement and responding through place-making
should follow from even the most simplistic understanding of people as 'implaced'.
Recognition, furthermore, that places are created and sustained, transformed, or
neglected in ways that foster or perpetuate inequities, including health
inequities, generates responsibilities concerning place-making. Place-based
interventions, on either count, should be principal and, indeed, prioritized ways
of showing solidarity for the vulnerable and promoting justice. Where solidaristic
relations do not prevail, place-making can catalyze and nurture them, and over time
advance justice. On the moral landscapes of bioethics, the terrain where care and
health are or should be at the center of attention, an ethic of place and place-
making for those who have been displaced - patients, the elderly, urban
populations, and asylum-seekers, for instance - expresses and has rich potential
for nurturing bonds of solidarity.
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C3 George Mason University
RP Eckenwiler, L (corresponding author), George Mason Univ, Dept Philosophy, 4400
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NR 77
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 191
U2 2065
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
SN 0269-9702
EI 1467-8519
J9 BIOETHICS
JI Bioethics
PD NOV
PY 2018
VL 32
IS 9
SI SI
BP 562
EP 568
DI 10.1111/bioe.12538
PG 7
WC Ethics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical
(SSCI)
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues;
Biomedical Social Sciences
GA HA5QZ
UT WOS:000450332600004
PM 30450599
DA 2023-04-04
ER
EF

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