BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

14358:2006

Timber structures —
Calculation of
characteristic
5-percentile values and
acceptance criteria for
a sample

The European Standard EN 14358:2006 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 79.040; 91.080.20

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 14358:2006

National foreword

This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of

EN 14358:2006.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
B/518, Structural timber.
A list of organizations represented on B/518 can be obtained on request to its
secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard was Amendments issued since publication

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee Amd. No. Date Comments
on 31 January 2007

© BSI 2007

ISBN 978-0-580-49962-3
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14358
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2006

ICS 79.040; 91.080.20

English Version

Timber structures - Calculation of characteristic 5-percentile

values and acceptance criteria for a sample

Structures en bois - Détermination des valeurs Holzbauwerke - Berechnung der 5%-Quantile für
correspondant au fractile à 5 % d'exclusion inférieure et charakteristische Werte und Annahmekriterien für Proben
critères d'acceptation pour un échantillon

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 October 2006.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14358:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 14358:2006 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................4
3 Symbols ..................................................................................................................................................4
4 Calculation of characteristic values from test results .......................................................................5
5 Acceptance criteria for a sample .........................................................................................................6
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................8

2
 EN 14358:2006 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 14358:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 "Timber
Structures", the secretariat of which is held by SFS.

This document (EN 14358:2006) is based on Annex D of EN 1990:2002, Eurocode – Basis of structural
design.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2007.

It is anticipated that the standard will replace the corresponding parts of EN 1058: Wood-based panels –
Determination of characteristics values of mechanical properties and density.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN/CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.

3
EN 14358:2006 (E)

1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of characteristic 5-percentile values from test results
for fasteners and wood-based products.

This document also gives corresponding acceptance criteria for a sample.

Structural timber is not covered by this document but by EN 384.

Sampling is not covered by this document, but reference is made to the relevant product standards.

2 Normative references
Not applicable.

3 Symbols
kn Factor (see Table 2)

ks Factor (see Table 1)

mi Test value

mk Characteristic value

n Number of test values

sy Standard deviation

ux x-fractile in the standardised normal distribution

y Stochastic value, yi = lnmi

y Mean value

α Confidence level (%)

4
 EN 14358:2006 (E)

4 Calculation of characteristic values from test results

4.1 The characteristic value of a material parameter or a resistance shall be determined at a confidence
level of α = 75 %, where the confidence level α is defined as the probability of which the characteristic value is
greater than the estimator on the characteristic value.

NOTE The confidence level α = 75 % corresponds to the value recommended in EN 1990.

4.2 The characteristic value of mk for a material strength parameter or a resistance m modelled as a
stochastic variable is defined as the p -percentile in the distribution function for m , corresponding to an
assumed infinitely large test series.

4.3 p = 5 % shall be assumed.

4.4 It is assumed that n test values are available and that these may be assumed to originate from a
homogeneous population. The test values, which are assumed to be logarithmically normally distributed and
independent, are denoted m1 , m2,…. mn.

4.5 The mean value y and the standard deviation sy for the stochastic variable y = ln m shall be
determined as

1 n
y= ∑ ln mi
n i =1
(1)

1 n
sy = ∑
n − 1 i =1
(ln mi − y ) 2 (2)

4.6 The characteristic value shall be determined as

mk = exp( y - kssy) (3)

where ks is given in Table 1.

k
NOTE ks is determined as: ks = where k is the α-percentile in a non-central t-distribution with n-1
n
degrees of freedom and the non-centrality parameter λ = u1− p n . u1-p is the (1 – p) percentile of the
standardised normal distribution function.

4.7 The coefficient of variation shall not be assumed to be less than 0,05.

Use the value sy = 0,05 in equation mk = exp ( y - kssy) in the case where coefficient of variation is less than
0,05.

5
EN 14358:2006 (E)

Table 1 - Factor ks values

Number of test Factor

specimens
n ks
3 3,15
5 2,46
10 2,10
15 1,99
20 1,93
30 1,87
50 1,81
100 1,76
500 1,71
∞ 1,65

5 Acceptance criteria for a sample

5.1 If a variable control method is applied to control of material parameters or resistance, such control
method shall be composed with a significance level of α = 75 %, where the significance level α is defined as
the probability of not accepting a delivery having the required characteristic value.

NOTE The significance level α = 75 % corresponds to the value required in Clause 4.

5.2 It is assumed that n test values are available and that these may be assumed to be derived from a
homogeneous population described by the stochastic variable m. The test values which are assumed to be
logarithmically normally distributed, are denoted m1 , m2,…. mn.

5.3 The mean value y and the standard deviation sy for the stochastic variable y = ln m shall be
determined as:

1 n
y= ∑ ln mi
n i =1
(4)

1 n
sy = ∑
n − 1 i =1
(ln mi − y ) 2 (5)

5.4 The control shall be performed by showing that, for the random sample with n test specimens

( )
exp y − k (n) s y > mk
(6)
where

mk is the assumed characteristic value

5.5 If the standard deviation is unknown from prior knowledge, the coefficient k(n) shall be taken as ks
(see 4.6 and Table 1)

5.6 If the standard deviation is known, e.g. from production control of a period of 1 year or more, the
coefficient k(n) shall be taken as:

6
 EN 14358:2006 (E)

uα
k (n) = u1− p +
n (7)
where

u1-p is the (1-p) percentile of the standardised normal distribution function (p = 5% shall be assumed);

uα is the α percentile of the standardised normal distribution function (α = 75% shall be assumed).

The values of k(n) for known standard deviation are given in Table 2

Table 2 - Factor k(n) values

Number of test Factor

specimens
n k(n)

3 2.03
5 1.95
10 1.86
15 1.82
20 1.8
30 1.77
50 1.74
100 1.69
500 1.67
∞ 1.65

7
EN 14358:2006 (E)

Bibliography

[1] EN 384, Structural timber – Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density

[2] EN 789, Timber structures – Test methods – Determination of mechanical properties of wood based
panels

[3] EN 1058, Wood-based panels – Determination of characteristics values of mechanical properties and
density

[4] EN 1990, Eurocode – Basis of structural design

[5] EN 1995-1-1, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures – Part 1-1: General - Common rules and rules for
buildings

8
blank
BS EN
14358:2006
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