Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1973; FIFTY
CENTS
Popular Electronics
INCLUDING
Lkctroiiks `World
Selecting an
ELECTRONIC ORGAN
TEST REPORTS:
Heath AD -1530 Cassette Tape Deck
Marantz 2440 Quadraphonic Adaptor /Amp
Lafayette SSB -50 C : . i
er
Electrosonics EM -S
511IiJ SNM088
S'090 rN
111
Williams Model A Tr
ti
bZ
a3OY1FiDS137
90
01 9 EL/4.0N i6M5h7.^9 S10
9571g5
TV Servicing, Communications, Industrial Electronics and the growing field of Computer Electronics
Many NRI graduates start earning $5 to $7 an hour
extra soon after they enroll, fixing home Electronic
equipment for friends and neighbors in spare time.
NRI's remarkable teaching method simplifies, organ-
ence you get when you choose NRI for your Electronics training ... proof of why NRI continues to be
the country's largest Electronics home -study school.
Discover for yourself how easy it is to move into
Electronics and move up in a rewarding career. Mail
the postage -free card for the new NRI Catalog. There
is no obligation. No salesman will call on you because
NRI does not employ salesmen. NATIONAL RADIO
INSTITUTE, Washington, D.C. 20016.
If postage -free card is missing, write to:
NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE
Washington, D.C. 20016
-a
1973
JUNE 1973
VOLUME 3 NUMBER 6
WORLD'S
LARGEST -SELLING
Popular Electronics
INCLUDING
ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE
World
Electronic!
FEATURE ARTICLES
26
Forrest Mims
31 MOVE
I. Thomas
41
45
50
The latest
84
88
in
B.
Weems
George Lawrence
D. Hirsch
Walter G. Jung
integrated circuits.
90
98
102
112
L.
David
61 CDA -THE
DESIGN, PART
John
T.
John
T.
Frye
Bailey
Ar'hur
H. Seidman
Harry Maynard
David
L.
Heiserman
CONSTRUCTION STORIES
34
Jim S. Harmon
40
58
S. Robbins
An interesting and entertaining IC project.
A. Mangieri
W. BURAWA
ALEXANDER
,.Deute
EDGAR W. HOPPER
WM. A. STOCKLIN
dttarzal DlrecD
MILTON S. SNITZER
JOSEPH E. HALLORAN
Ad
to,
erli
111411t
rrrt NInn
Director
JOHN J. CORTON
Ad eerti,ing Sales
ANDRE DUZANT
rintstraror
LITTMAN
MADELEINE
Sarre,
Ad1errl-a0 9
LESLIE SOLOMON
JOHN T. FRYE
J. GORDON HOLT
JOHN R. RIGGS
Iliina J ?nr1 Edt tar
EDWARD I. BUXBAUM
Art Director
94
96
100
HOBBY SCENE
113
SURPLUS SCENE
P.
longger
STANLEY NEUFELD
ate PurtbIhcr
RICHARD HUMPHREY
WALTER G. JUNG
MATT P. SPINELLO
FURMAN H. HEBB
THE SCENES
12 STEREO SCENE J. Gordon Holt
68 SOLID -STATE SCENE Walter G.
CB SCENE Matt
Editor
:L
Group
Presidcnt
Jung
Spinello
82
83
DEPARTMENTS
6 EDITORIAL Milton
S. Snitzer
Electronics Helps Fight Crime
22
104
109
110
Build an
NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
NEW PRODUCTS
ELECTRONICS LIBRARY
NEW LITERATURE
Midwestern Office
Western Office
9025 Wilshire Boulevard, Beverly Hills, Californio 90211
213 273.8050; BRadshaw 2 -1161
Western Advertising Manager, BUD DEAN
:01
Member Audit Bureau of Circulations
JUNE 1973
LETTERS
SO Four -Channel
Decoder
addressed to POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including ELECTRONICS WORLD, Circulation Department, P.O. Box 2774,
Boulder, CO 80302, Please allow at least eight weeks for
change of address. Include your old address, as well as
new -enclosing, if possible, an address label from a
recent issue.
Editorial.
By Milton S. Snitzer, Editor
Explore the
big-pay world
of Electronics.
NMI
____INS I=___________
INN
I=_______I
1
Its easy as 1 -2 -3
1
1.
1
1
- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
LB
Correspondence Institution
1
1
1
1
Zip
State
City
Apt. No
3.
1
.Age ..
1
1
1
1
...
experience for
LaSalle training. You learn the basic principles of electronics under the guidance of
experienced instructors. Lessons in this upto -date course are simply presented. easy to
1973
FREE!
CIRCLE NO.
JUNE
ALL 3
18
Letters J
COBALT -DOPED TAPES TAKE THE BRUNT
J. Cordon Holt's "Cassettes For Perfectionists" ( March 197.3) was generally well done,
but it contained information that I feel sloes an
injustice to a large segment of the blank tape
industry. In his discussion of the relative signal
retention of the three main types of tape formulations used if, the manufacture of cassettes,
Mr. Holt gives the brunt of the punishment to
cobalt -doped tapes. We are aware that, when
the first such tape appeared on the market more
than 12 years ago (not ours, however), there
was a very real problem with high -frequency
signal loss after several plays. Though this
particular product was on the market only a
short time, the studies relating to its limitations
continue to live on.
3M has a cobalt- energized cassette tape that
we introduced in 1971 under the title "Iligh
RICHARD ZIFF
Senior Publicist
3M Company
New York, N.Y.
SHADES OF DR. FRANKENSTEIN!
Tesla
DALE PFAFFLE
lIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIII
IUD,
what
S
If
you don't know about
converting stereo to 4- channel sound 1
would fill a book... write for the. book.
Quadraphonic. Quadrosonic.
Matrix. Discrete. SO. QS. EV -4.
CD -4. Logic. Demodulator.
III Decoder. Ambience Recovery.
Derived. Synthesized.
Confused? We can't blame
you.
We can help you.
4-channel is great to listen to,
but murder to talk about.
There's a new vocabulary to
learn. And new kinds of
components.
New ways to use old cornNew places to put
"!ponents.
speakers. Complex wiring. And
more.
BSR -Metrotec makes equip 111
ment to convert your stereo
II
II
5
.ll
.5
III
III
R
METROTEC
Name
Address
City
4ISIIUI.UIIIII.I.III.IUIo
State
CIRCLE NO.
Zip
The "GREATEST"
Sound
in the World...
ROBERT HARRIS
Head of Operations
Extended Digital Concepts
JUNE 1973
frequency loudspeaker
15 inch Dynamic Force Acoustic
Suspension design
4 inch edge -wound copper ribbon voice
coil with aluminum support
18 pound magnet structure
High power handling and house shaking
bass
circuits
ALTEC
A DIVISION OF ALTEC CORPORATION
CIRCLE NO.
36
ON
10
lI
COJLD DO
Ill
DO BE lE
I
j SH V R
TYPE III
Super -Track "Plus" Phono Cartridge
V -15
CIRCLE No.
JUNE
1973
30
Stereo Scene
By
What's in a
4-Channel
Name
12
;f.
Gordon Holt
-3.
.n
Put punch in your vo ce, from a Dlock
away to the fringes of your range.
New Dyna -Mike gain con-rol puts out
absolute modulation. So much talk
power you'll have to turn it clown.
or today's market.
The Cobra 21 with crystal =liter,
dual conversion receiver; transmits
and receives on all 23 AM channels.
Features 60 dB cdjacent chcnnel
rejection that completely
eliminates bleedover.
Atif
- --
requirements.
Ask your CB Dealer for the Cobra 21
The radio with too much talk power
for not much money.
119
.....,
i--/,,,,rp/t%
Product of DYNASCAN CORPORATION
with mike
--
14
Then in mid -1972, the Engineering Committee of the Record Association of Japan
(the equivalent of our RIAA) proposed as a
"standard" matrix the so- called Regular
Matrix, or RM. On paper, this looks very
much like the original Sansui matrix, as indeed both of them resemble the matrix that
would have been used to encode four channels via the Dvnaco/Hafler "system." And
all three share a certain functional incompatibility in that any sounds intended for
rear reproduction in four channels are almost entirely lost in monophonic reproduction-a situation which is hardly desirable
in view cf the fact that the statistical majority of persons still listen via one channel.
Perhaps the major difference between the
RM and the original Sansui and Haller
matrices, though, is that the definitions of
the directional modulations in an RM -encoded groove are such that they could he
met only by monophonic signal sources
"matrixed" via panning controls. A typical
multi -channel master tape could supply the
necessary signals, but the less -coherent outputs from the four microphones of a true
4- channel recording could not.
Columbia Records, in the U.S., wanted a
matrix system that was compatible with both
mono reproduction and true 4- channel recording, and their answer -which they
named, rather perversely it seemed, "SQ"
(Stereo Quadraphonic) -was the first to
differ in some important respects from all
other matrix systems. Mono compatibility
was obtained by prohibiting, by definition,
the recording of any signal for rear -center
location in mono. The matrixing could be
achieved either by panning from mono signals or via the outputs from four mikes in a
4- channel setup.
SQ for America. Most of the 4- channel
discs released in the US have been encoded
for Columbia SQ playback, while Japan, to
date, seems to favor Sansui encoding. Officially. Columbia's view is that the Sansui
matrix has little to recommend it, for Sansill's "QS encoding yields a disc with poor
separation when played back via two channels, and with badly upset instrumental balances when reproduced monophonically.
But QS just won't go away.
A main reason for this is that, while both
systems are intended to be reproduced via
separation-enhancing circuits similar in action to those of the original Scheiber decoder,
the inexpensive decoders -which most peoPOPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World
The $35.
Electronic Test Lab
(almost) that will
LL
JUNE 1973
Inc.
CIRCLE NO.
19
ple are buying-do not have any enhancement at all, and without it, the Sansui discs
give better front -to -rear separation than SQ.
On the other hand, the SQ discs are noticeably less degraded by 2- channel playback
than Sansui. So, bit by bit, and with a minimum of public announcement, Columbia
has been modifying their matrix parameters
to approach those of Sansui's, while it appears that Sansui has been approaching the
SQ matrix. The systems are still not cornpatible- Sansui decoding yields poor 4channel performance from SQ discs, and
vice versa. But the differences are dwindling,
and it is possible that, within a year, they
may be virtually interchangeable.
In other words, it is misleading to speak
of "the SQ matrix" or "the QS matrix," for
there have been several versions of each to
date. And the more nearly compatible the
two systems become, the poorer the results
are likely to be when early discs encoded
for each system are played back on the
ultimate-compromise decoder.
As a matter of fact, we can't accurately
speak of "the Electro -Voice matrix," either,
because that has changed, too. E -V's EVX -4
decoder has been superseded by a model
EVX -44, with "partial" (i.e., not full) logic
enhancement, which comes close to matching the latest SQ matrix but will of course
not do as good a job of decoding discs made
for E -V's earlier matrix. Confusion compounded!
There are other indications of this state of
flux. Sansui has recently unveiled another
enhancing technique which they call VarioMatrix. This actually changes the matrixing
of the signals from moment to moment, according to what the control circuits sense to
be the intent of the signal at any given instant, in order to place the signal's direction
more accurately and more specifically. CBS
is working on what they call "paramatrix
logic decoding," which would employ every
enhancement technique known in an effort
to provide theoretically infinite channel separation in every direction. The best that
either SQ or QS can achieve right now is 20
dB in all directions, and neither system can
vet reproduce different sounds from all four
channels simultaneously.
The Discrete Approach. Until recently, the
only 4- channel recording medium that could
reproduce different sounds from all directions at once was tape, with four separate,
parallel tracks.
16
COIOR&mvlCYl()
RECORD
Buldu
CHANGER
ACT
SERVICING
HI-FI STEREO
RECTUMS
servicing guide
...-
.._
K1IyI\I.
f
IrI1I8xlxlor
rotor Ir
r 1
le
sunning
r.
aalun4llbill
NABE EASY
stereo
(Second Edition)
A
comple'.e guide :o
cing Me latest
by Leo G Sands
the logical
lt
sistor audio circuit
1 -2 -3.4 step-by -step procedure that avoids false
starts and "blind alleys" n searching out detects in performance 240 ' pages
No
54 95
20912
t -2 -3 -e SERVICING TRANSISTOR
COLOR TV
by Forest
H Belt
Follow the -2 -3 -4 method outlined in
guide and get the repair fob done easily
right the first time. Covers latest color -to
cuitry from problem diagnosis to repair
cages
1
No
20777
this
and
cir264
No
20737
No. 20722
53.95
by Forest H Belt
The -2.3.4 system makes it a
simple matter to
trace, pinpoint and correctly service cassette
problems This newest addition to the -2 -3 -4
1
No.
53 95
Using full color tute -face illustrations of color Iv trouble symptoms as clues, it details possible causes of the problems, analyzes them,
and gives procedures necessary to effect a
cure A quick, effective servicing guide 112
pages.
No 20358
54 95
Complete and practical directions for troubleshooting, servicing, tuning. and testing all
types of Citizens Band radio equipment. In.
eludes FCC regulations on equipment perform.
ance and maintenance 160 pages.
54 25
AUTOMOBILE ELECTRONICS
SERVICING GUIDE
by Joseph J Carr
Auto electronics equipment has come far since
the push -button a -m auto radio, and this new
guide covers every advance in detail. It explains how to troubleshoot and service a -m
and Im car radios. cassettes. and eight -track
cartridges 128 pages
20888.
..
54 95
......
PE 063
in
55.25
'
'
(Second Edition)
cv Wayne Lemons
No
20719
Name
I
20927
:
20922
120719
20722
20888
20748
20785
20730
Please print)
Address
City
Stale
53.95
CIRCLE NO.
JUNE 1973
20358
"
20777
20737
20912
27
Zip
Great careers
training material. Cash in on the tremendous opportunities in the expanding, exciting world of electronics.
If your field is television, you
might decide to join a first -class TV
repair center. Or start a shop of your
own. Or specialize in industrial applications of television. Once you
master an area of electronics, the
direction you take is really up to you.
And you'll be able to use the test
instruments you built yourself.
It all begins at home, with NTS
Project Method Training. Check card
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NTS Catalog and complete details.
No obligation. No salesman will call.
18
SERVICING
Build the largest most advanced color
TV made! It's a Heath! Over -all solid state design, 315 sq. in. ultra -rectangular
screen, 24 channel detent UHF /VHF
power tuning, matrix picture tube, built in self- servicing features, "Instant On,"
A.F.T., solid -state VHF tuner, and much
more! This is a commercial set, the kind
and not
you'll encounter in the field
for training purposes only. Also build and
keep AM -SW Radio, Solid -State Radio,
FET Volt-Ohmmeter, and Electronic Tube
Tester. Learn trouble- shooting, stereo
multiplex systems, radio, color and B &W
TV servicing.
NTS AUDIO
ELECTRONICS SERVICING
Solid -state
B &W TV
how it works in
Learn sound theory
home radio, 4-channel, and more! Set
up a spectacular music system. Learn
about sound distortion, amplification and
control, loud- speaker baffles, problems
of system installation, etc. Included is
74 sq. in.
picture
(cabinet
included)
Learn advanced solid -state circuitry as
you build this B &W TV receiver. Course
covers the full range of home entertainment electronics.
be 'n at home.
The exclus
color TV
NTS
NTS COMPUTER
NTS AUTOMATIC N/
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NTS ELECTRONIC
COMMUNICATIONS
Gain the prestige and earning power of
own ng an FCC First Class Radio Tele-
5-watt
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transmitter/
receiver.
Compu Trai er
NATIONAL
n,,,..:,e:'.
Please rush Free Coder
Catalog and Sample
Lesson, plus information on course
checked below. No
obligation. No salesman will call.
muswesmawst
C Color
Communications
Practical Radio Sc rvic ng
Oscilloscope
CLASSROOM TRAINING
AT LOS ANGELES
'.
JUNE 1973
""SCHOOLS
TrC" "
Resident & Hone Study S_hmis
World -Wide Trairing Since 1-05
4000 S. Figueroa St., Les Angeles. :A 90037
Technology
Automation & Indutrial Electronics
Computer Electron cs
Basic Electronics
Audio Electronics Sers icing sept.
2(5 -063
Came
Ago
Address
Zip
City
State
Check if interested in Veteran (raining
under new G.I. bili.
C Check if interested ONLY in Chssroorn
Training at Los Angeles.
21
News Highlights
Consumer Electronics on the Rise
antenna is a planar printed circuit vhf /uhf antenna whose elements are
etched from copper on a Mylar substrate. The outputs of the antenna
sections are fed to filter networks which act as combiners as well as
isolators. The outputs of both vhf and uhf networks are applied to the
inputs of low noise solid -state amplifiers. The outputs are fed by a
combining network to coaxial cable downlead.
JVC Signs up 4- Channel Licensees
movement in and out of parking structures at high speed. Vertical high rise stacking of cars is done by machines which lift and store the
vehicle. The average return time is said to be 20 seconds. The parking
facility will have 357 stalls. The automatic equipment will be installed,
maintained and serviced under contract to Westinghouse.
X -ray
FM Signals to
High quality pictures have been transmitted with very little deterioration.
New High -Voltage Power Transistor
satellite system has changed world communications. It has also pioneered the way for U.S. domestic, as well as aeronautical and maritime satellite communications services. Starting with no money and
no employees in 1963, COMSAT now employs more than 1100 people
at eleven locations. The Corporation operates the satellites in the
global system for its INTELSAT partners, the seven U.S. earth stations for international satellite communications, the COMSAT Laboratories, and a wide range of related technical activities.
JUNE 1973
23
together with traditional Heathkit simplicity. And the built -in convergence
board and test meter for at -home
maintenance add further savings over
the life of the set. You preset any 12
UHF channels for positive pushbutton
power tuning, and you can scan both
UHF and VHF channels in either direction. An ultra -rectangular black
matrix tube, voltage controlled varector UHF tuner, MOSFET VHF
tuner.and an exclusive angular tint
control for better flesh tones Combine to produce an absolutely brilliant color picture.
Mailing weight, 125 lbs.
B. Heathkit 18V
Shield. standard.
Mailing weight, 100 lbs.
Heathkit 14V
Color TV...299.95* includes cac.ne:
Set aside about a dozen evenings.
Build up 10 circuit boards, prepare
the chassis. Install the wiring harness.
Result: the Heathkit GR -169, with
picture purity at the top of its class.
And you keep it that way
with plug in modular circuit boards, troubleshooting meter and data book to help
you fix it right at home. A "big" little
TV, the GR -t69 has all the secondary
controls found in our larger models
C.
Start a
Heathkit
hobby...
It's fun, easy, and it
saves you money.
24
Heathkit Pocket
Calculator...92.50*
The new Heathkit IC -2009 is a fully
portable calculator with rechargeable
nickel -cadmium battery. Or you can
leave it connected to the plug -in
charger for permanent desk -top use.
Weighs just 12 oz. And check over
these features; 8 -digit capacity. Four
arithmetic function. Floating decimal,
Constant key. Chain calculation
capability. Clear -entry key. Entry &
total overflow indicators. Low battery
indicator. Battery -saver circuitry. And
you can build it in three evenings.
Mailing weight, 3 lbs.
F. New Heathkit Desk -top
E. NEW
Calculator... 79.95*
-a
HEATH
HEATH COMPANY, Dept. 10.6
IN THIS NEW
FREE CATALOG
CIRCLE NO.
JUNE
1973
1973 HEATHKIT
CATALOG
it describes
more than
350 Heathkit projects
16
,Cnuumoerger
plus shipping
Name
Address
State
City
Zip
F.O.B. factory
CL -469R
Parachute ejection.
A simple launch stand made from a 36in. length of stiff piano wire, a metal flame
deflector, and a base plate are used for
lofting model rockets. One or two lugs cut
from a plastic drinking straw and glued to
the side of the rocket can be slipped over
the piano wire to guide the rocket until its
velocity is sufficient to provide aerodynamic
stabilization from the fins.
For safety and efficiency, the rocket engine is ignited electrically from a remote
location. The igniter is usually made from a
2 -3 -in. strand of Nichrome wire coated with
a flammable plastic. The wire is
inserted
lantern battery.
When switch contact is made, the Nichrome wire heats rapidly, igniting the
plastic which. in turn, ignites the engine
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World
M0
EL
ROCKETRY
tor the
Electronics
Experimenter
An exciting hobby and
an interesting
application of electronics
BY
FORREST MIMS
Enter Electronics. The launch of a "bare bones" rocket provides little scientific data.
The real fun comes when a rocket is
equipped with instrumentation, telemetry,
live payloads, and rocket cameras. Estes
was one of the first and is currently the
largest of the manufacturers of model rocket
supplies and engines. Their Transroc transmitter weighs only 1.3 ounces, including
battery, but it can be used in a wide variety
of applications.
The Transroc transmitter can be used to
telemeter temperature or roll -rate information or as a homing -signal beeper for locating downed rockets. It can also be used
with a crystal microphone to send back to
earth such sounds as the roar of the engine,
the rush of air past the fuselage during
the coasting phase, the noise of the chute's
ejection, and the sound of the chute cords'
rubbing against each other on the way down.
Other transmitters and modules are available from Astro- Communications, Prime Recovery Systems, and Microdyne Electronics.
Besides telemetry, a simple transmitter
system can be quite useful as a tracking
beacon (also helps locate lost kids!) for
downed rackets. A rocket only a few feet
long and 1 in. in diameter can get lost fairly
easily during launch, especially on a windy
day. The optimum recovery system consists
27
NOSE CONE
PAYLOAD
SECTION
BODY TUBE
SHOCK CORD
PARACHUTE
WADDING
i FIRUST RING
LAUNCH LUG
ROCKET ENGINE
STABILIZER
FINS
28
ansmitter.
Transmitters are not the only electronic
payloads that can be launched in a model
rocket. Perhaps the simplest of all payloads is the solid -state light flasher that
permits a rocket to be launched t night for
a very unusual and spectacular sight. A
night launch provides an inexpensive, vet
reliable, method of obtaining useful scientific
(lata about the flight characteristics of a
model rocket. The usual technique is to
photograph the rocket's flaming trail with
a camera set for time exposure so that the
trail leaves a distinct track across the film.
When the engine burns out, the light flasher
can be seen and recorded on the film. Also,
t
miffr
sd
,
Tel
yt
Jx)
Ii
i3tl;i
iyiF114161,714 (mp
til
t,J m .p .p1.lqVirg, t
Wl
lc
Microdyne Electronics
P. 0. Box 477
Bozeman, MT 59714
Prime Recovery Systems
P. 0. Box 84
Lansing, MI 48901
The National Association of Rocketry
offers membership to anyone interested in
model rocketry. The association sponsors
a variety of conventions and launches.
Model rocketeers compete in contests
similar to those held for model aircraft
hobbyists. The association also sponsors
competition in research and development.
For more information, write to:
The camera can be rigged to its parachute so that it points upward, downward,
or at any intermediate angle. The upward
shot is an interesting sequence of the parachute unfurling, popping open, and slowly
oscillating back and forth on the way down.
Downward shots produce dramatic views of
the earth as the natural oscillations of the
chute continuously change the view. Some
downward shots have even been known to
produce a touch of nausea for the ground bound observers when the film was shown.
Model rockets, engines, and launch
stands are relatively inexpensive. Rockets
can be assembled from raw materials, purchased as kits, or bought ready to fly. Instrumentation costs can range from a few
dollars for a light flasher to about $20 for
the Cineroc color movie camera. A low -cost
walkie- talkie receiver can be used to pick
up the signals from most commercial model
rocket telemetry transmitters ( a few operating outside the CB channels, but most on the
CB band) ; and any portable tape recorder
will enable the experimenter to preserve
the telemetry signals. An inexpensive Polaroid camera can be used to photograph
night-time launches.
You can find out more about model rocketry by writing to some of the manufacturers
listed in the box or by visiting a hobby shop
that caters to rocketry enthusiasts. After
you have launched a few rockets of your
own, you will almost certainly want to go on
to instrumentation and photography. Good
luck and safe flying.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics
World
MOVE
UP
TO
BUSINESS
RADIO
BAND
HIGHER POWER AND LESS INTERFERENCE
ARE THE MAIN ADVANTAGES
BY WILLIAM I. THOMAS, Pace
Radio
transceiver.
FCC because you will be sharing your channel with everyone else who has the sane
assignment.
A good way to find out the channel- utilization situation in the area in which you
plan to operate is to ask the people who -sell
two -way Business Radio equipment. They
will be glad to answer your questions. One
company, Pace Inc., recommends that their
dealers sell a single Model 2000-35 mobile
BUSINESS RADIO SERVICE
FREQUENCY GUIDE
26.620
27.575
By area
5 W
Agriculture, Construction,
Mining, Industrial
MHz
27.235
27.245
27.255
27.265
27.275
LOW
Power
30
30
30
30
30
W
W
W
W
W
MHz
27.290
27.310
27.330
27.350
27.370
BAND -BUSINESS
unit with up to six receive crystals temporarily installed to permit the buyer to listen
for himself in his primary area of operations
so that he can select the channel that best
suits his needs.
There is one other factor that must be
taken into consideration when making a
channel selection: channels are assigned according to power limitations as well as type
of business. A partial listing of your choices
is given in the table. For a complete listing,
you can check Part 91 of the FCC Rules
and Regulations.
Recommendations on how to go about selecting a channel and operational power vary
all over the ballpark. Some people state that
you should select the channel (frequency)
with a maximum power limitation sufficient
for your job needs. They reason that you can
be certain that no higher- powered station
will come on to interfere at a later date.
Others feel that you should select the frequency whose maximum power is enough to
permit you to expand your range when
needed.
27.235
27.245
27.255
27.265
27.275
27.390
27.410
Power
500
500
500
500
500
W
W
W
W
W
CATEGORY
30
30
30
30
30
500
500
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
MHz
27.430
27.450
27.470
27.490
27.510
27.530
HEIGHT
(FEET)
1000
Power
E.R.P.(EFPECTIVE
RADIATED POWER!
Commercial, Educational,
Clergy, Medical Activity
MHz
ANTENNA
(MILES)
250
240
200
- 40
150
-30
100
W
W
W
W
3 W
3 W
60
300
250
200
150
7. 100
Power
180
180
180
180
500
400
RANGE
-20
50
40
35
30
25
-15
207
-10
IS
10
90
80
70
60
50
40
35
30
25
20
i5
10
10 -CODE DEFINITIONS
....
....
....
10 -1
Unable to copy
10 -2
Signals good
10 -3
Stop transmitting
10 -4 ....Acknowledgement
10 -5 ....Relay
10 -6 ....Busy-Stand by unless urgent
10 -7 ....Out of service
10 -8
service
10-9 ....Repeat
10- 10....Transmission completed
10- 12
Stand by (stop)
10-13.
.Weather and road report
10- 16.... Make pick up at
10- 18....Completed assignments at
10- 19.... Return to
10Location
10 -21
Call
by telephone
10Disregard
10 -24
Assignment completed
....In
...
.
20....
....
22....
....
10- 25.... Report in person to (meet)
10.27....1 am moving to channel
10- 28.... Identify your station
10- 30.... Unnecessary use of radio
10- 33.... EMERGENCY
10- 36....Correct
time
10-43... Information
10-46. .. Assist motorist
.
10-
47.... Emergency
10-50.
....
....
JUNE 1973
33
A 5 -WATT CARRIER
CURRENT TRANSMITTER
Build this license -free AM transmitter
that operates into the power line.
BY DR. JIM S.
HARMON
Tune Up. Start by adjusting Cl for maximum transmitter output. A simple tune -up
device can be made from a one -turn loop
coupled near LI and connected to an oscilloscope (that will respond to about 2 or 3
MHz) or a suitable field strength meter. A
conventional BCB receiver can also be used
if it is equipped with a signal strength meter.
Once CI has been set for maximum output, adjust the slug of L2 for maximum
output in a similar manner. The slug in L2
should be approximately half way into the
coil. If maximum output occurs when the
slug is removed from the coil form, add a
few turns to L2 and repeat the tune-up.
Similarly, if maximum output occurs when
the slug is completely within the coil, remove a few turns and repeat the tune -up.
Once the r -f portion has been adjusted,
34
!i2
JI
2AT7
aTALt=
CI
30-360
pF
R5
5K
47K
JI
INPUT
C._
ii
V3
NOT
USED
I/2-12/177
CIO
0I3F
CII
IOOpF
C9
100pF
R6
R7
47011
R8
33011
470K
105F
+150V
+250'
T2
L3
R9
RIO
15011
IOK
195<,
V
Q
C13
C14
C15
IOjF
205F
409F
117
41110
pi VAC
IA
*MO
1. Transmitter operates in
quiet spot on local AM band.
Fig.
a
V4
V2
L4
VI
PARTS LIST
C1-30-360-pF variable capacitor
(:2. (:.i, CO. C7. (:8, (:10-0,0l-121; disc
capacitor ( see ley( for C7 and (:81
C1, CO, (:11-I00-pF capacitor
C5-220-pF capacitor
(:12, (.13.-/O-pf, 400-voli electrolytic
capacitor
(:14- -20-1', 400-1'011 electrolytic capacitor
(:l3--40-F,
FI-I-A
.l1-Phono connector
LI-LA-Loopstirlr antenna Isee text)
Rl, R. -17.(c00-ohnt. '.L-watt resistor
R2-100,000-ohm, '%-watt resistor
R3-270-ohm, 1-watt resistor
JUNE 1973
-watt resistor
2 -watt resistor
RIO-I50 -ohm. 2 -watt resistor
.SIswitch
-Spst -pull, 10 -watt audio output
TI- --Push
transformer (11.9 13 .4862 or similar)
T2-- Power trvnlsiormer: secondaries: 195 V
rms and 6.3 I. (11 ):Gee TR .5 or similar)
TAL---1050-Hz crystal (JAN Crystals 2400
Crystal /)rice. Ft. 11evers, Fla.)
;tlisr.- Suita.h/e chassis, crysta' microphone,
lute cord, terminal strips, mounting
hardware, etc.
1
RO- 10,000-ohm,
crnAin
7.
'"
Consider a career
In advanced electronics
Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics is just one of the advanced
electronics programs CREI offers. There are seventeen others.
All of the programs, except a brief introductory course, are college level. The programs cover every major field of electronics today.
If you want to qua ify for the highest paying level of technical employment in electronics, we invite you to consider the unique home study
programs of CREI Here is a list of just some of the CREI programs:
Communications Engineering Computer Engineering Missile &
Spacecraft Guidance Radar & Sonar Television Engineering
Nuclear Instrumentation & Control Digital Communications
Industrial Electronics Electronic Systems Engineering MicroNave
Communications Satellite Communications Cable Television
Engineering
Fo- over 45 years, CREI programs have been recognized by industry
and government as effective home study training in advanced
electronics.
Qualifications to enroll. To qualify for enrollment in a CREI program,
you must be a high school graduate (or equivalent). You should
also be working in electronics or have previous training in this field.
Send for FREE book. If you are qualified, send for CREI's newly
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electronics. This full color book is filled with facts about career
opportunities for you.
am a high school
graduate.
Age
Name
Ard ress
State
City
If you have
ZIP
Employed by
Type of Present Work
Veterans and servicemen, check here for G. I. Bill information
CRS
CAPITOL
RADIO
ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
LASCR1.
Construction. As shown in Fig. 2, LAS CR1 and RI are mounted on a small piece
of perf board with the sensitive end of
LASCR1 at the end of the beard. Do not
COMMERCIAL STROBE
PARTS LIST
LASCR1 -1- ampere, 300 -Ply light-activated
SCR*
R1- 47,000-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor (see text)
Misc.
board, opaque container, two conductor cable with suitable connector.
*Available from Delta Electronics, P.O. Box
1, Lynn, .11A 01903 (Part No. P4119).
PerJ
Fig.
1.
LASCR
replaces
switch in strobe.
CRI.
If LASCR1 cannot be made to fire, the
strobe may have unusually high resistance
values as R2 and R3. ( Typical values are
shown in Fig. 1.) In such cases, a slight
leakage current may be pulling down the
triggering voltage across CI. This can be
checked by measuring the PC cord voltage
with LASCR1 connected and disconnected.
Always test -fire the master-slave strobe
combination a few times before actual use,
making sure that you aim LASCRI toward
the main strobe. For use in a slightly high
light level, a neutral density filter may be
placed in front of LASCRI so that ambient
light will not cause it to operate, but the
much brighter flash from the main strobe
will cause operation.
Fig.
2.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
PART
ANYONE
ten seconds to an unmounted speaker
knows that some type of enclosure is necessary. Comparing a speaker in a suitable
enclosure with the same speaker in a mismatched box will also demonstrate what a
bad combination can do to a speaker. In
fact, choosing a box size that is right for a
given woofer is the most critical decision to
be made in designing a closed -box system
because once construction is under way,
little can be done to change it.
capacitance.
In the mechanical circuit shown in Fig. 1,
the box compliance (capacitance) is in
series with the resonant circuit of the speaker, raising the frequency of resonance. This
is similar to a capacitance in series with a
resonant electrical circuit where it reduces
the total capacitance and shifts the resonant
41
there
SPEAKER CIRCUIT
R--r
66 6
leo
170
160
150
_140
1130
u
a 120
100
90
eo
Recommended Box
Volume (cu ft)
Nominal Speaker
Size (in. dia.)
70
1
60
50
0.2 -0.25
0.25 -0.5
0.5 -1.5
40
6
8
10
12
15
30
1.5 -2.0
2.0 and larger
4.0 and larger
20
10
0.5
10
1.5
3.0
42
World
o-
MMAy
difficult to control.
Woofer Testing. Accurate enclosure plans
require knowledge of the woofer's free -air
resonance, mass and compliance. For some
reason, this information-except for free almost never available
air resonance
from the speaker manufacturer. But anyone
with access to an audio generator and a
VTVM can obtain this information through
a few simple tests.
The first step is to find the free -air
resonance. To do this, follow the hookup
shown in Fig. 3. Hold the woofer in midair and sweep the audio generator down
from about 200 Hz, noting carefully the
frequency at which the voltage across the
voice -coil rises to a peak. This frequency
is the free-air resonance (f,)
Next, add a small known (non-magnetic)
mass to the woofer cone. Modeling clay will
stick to most cones. Select enough clay to
equal the mass of a nickel (5 grams), a
penny (3 grams) , or a dime (2.5 grams) A
simple balance made from a ruler and a pencil can be used to determine how much clay
you will need in each case. Press the blob
-is
R, 20011
AUDIO
GENERATOR
(fT
(grams).
-,
known, the compliance
/1)
10
ERIE
15"
12"
10"
8"
ie
ie.
,6"
A11/111121111111111
1111111111
/'
o
w
i 5"
e4"
1111111101111111
O
>
X
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
/isimramosommoomilimommu
1111111111111M11111112111'
01
0.03
0.01
0.05
1/111111
03
0.I
05
-6
1111111
10
CM /DYIVE
Fig. 4. Box compliance for speakers of various sizes. Sizes are nominal diameters.
C,,,,-
(2rf
l_
(cm /dyne).
As an example of how to put these equations to work, let us assume that a 6-in.
speaker is found to have a free -air resonance of 50 Hz; a 5 -gram mass is added and
the new resonance is found to be 41 Hz:
(50/41)2 -1
1.5
-1
=10 grams.
C,, _ (27r50)2
x 10"
=1 X 10 -"cm/ dyne.
For speakers up to about 8 in. in diameter, it is practical to set the box compliance equal to that of the speaker. Two
equal capacitances in series produce a new
capacitance equal to half the value of one
of the capacitances. When the value of the
compliance in the formula for speaker reson44
10
resonance.
When the compliance is known, we can
find the equal box compliance from Fig. 4.
To do this, extend the vertical line at
1 X 10 -'I cm /dyne until it touches the diagonal line for 6 -in. speakers. Then move
horizontally to the left side of the chart
where you will find that a box of approximately 0.5 cu ft is about right. At this
volume, you can expect the system resonance to he 1.41 times 50 Hz, or 70 Hz.
More To Come. This ends Part 1 of our
article devoted to speaker system design.
Next month, in the conclusion, we will be
discussing such topics as enclosure design
without test equipment, enclosure details,
and the characteristics of high -compliance
woofers.
O
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World
HOW TO SELECT AN
ELECTRONIC ORGAN
BY L. GEORGE LAWRENCE
TI1E
electronic organ market
abundance
of offerings. Some elaborate modern organs
rival computers in design sophistication and
complexity, with sound synthesized and augmented by special effects to give the spectral
brilliance of massive pipe instruments. All of
these considerations make electronic organ
selection and purchase a fine art. Selections
are based on the buyer's preference in the
electrical and mechanical considerations
peculiar to the 15 or so brands available. In
this article, we will be profiling several leadis its
111H1111
1111111
NM HUM IH
1111
1====
niques, effects can be achieved that resemble the acoustical effects encountered in
large concert halls and churches. Some reverb techniques are better than others. In
Fig. 2 are shown three of the most popular
techniques used by organ manufacturers.
Acoustical delay ( Fig. 2A) can be found
in some older imported organ models. The
delay element might consist of spiral -wound
tubing to the ends of which are fastened a
miniature loudspeaker driver and a microphone receiver. Sound waves are held captive within the tube and travel at a constant
300 -meter /second velocity so delay is determined by the length of the tube. A 150 meter -long tube, then would produce an
acoustical delay of 0.5 second for a quite
pleasant effect. The switch and potentiometer comprise the electronic shunt across
the driver and receiver to attenuate the delay effect when the resistance is decreased.
The electromechanical delay /reverb technique shown in Fig. 2B employs one or more
inSIV
SPRING
AMPLIFIER-
11111
TUBE
DRIVER
INPUT
RI
OUTPUT
EIVER
OUTPUT
SI
'
SHUNT
AMPLIFIER
AMPLIFIER
OF SOUND
(B)
Fig. 2. Typica
(A)
46
TAPE
ERASE HEAD.-
ERASE
OSCILLATOR
PLAYBACK
ORECORDING
HEAD
HEADS
SHUNT
(c)
JUNE 1973
Eico Model 377 audio signal generator produces discrete harmonics that "paint out"
portions of the organ's spectrum. Rapid
cadence sounds are obtained from the cadence tinier unit whose controls are at the
left. The microphone and simple mixer
shown to the left combine the generator's
and organ's sounds with each other.
Servicing Electronic Organs. One thing
that characterizes modern electronic organs
is their relative ease of servicing by the
knowledgeable technician. The basic service instruments needed are no different from
those that would be found in a radio-T\' or
hi -fi service shop or on the workbench of a
serious electronics experimenter. They include a vacuum -tube or transistor multi meter, an audio signal tracer, small hand
tools, etc.
One specialized instrument is needed,
however. It is an organ tuner. Among those
offered, three examples are Conn's "Stroboconn" and "Strobotuner" and Schober's
"Autotuner" (Model AT -1). To a novice
organ owner, though he may be highly
skilled in other areas of electronics, the way
musical pitches and frequencies are determined can become a formidable puzzle
without the help of an organ tuner.
Shown in Fig. 6 is the Schober Model
AT -1 organ tuner. It features a motor driven stroboscope disc that rotates at
precisely one revolution per second. Notes
that correspond to an organ's 12 tones in
one octave are printed on the tuner's panel
and Plexiglass window. The motor- driven
disc is imprinted with precisely spaced dark
and white markers. There are 98 radial
marks on the outermost band, each equally
spaced with an accuracy of 5 minutes of arc.
When the Autotuner is used for tuning
47
Fig. 4.
counter.
(Editor's Note: Organ tuning can also
be accomplished `by ear." This can be done
with a "pitch reference" generator, a digital
example of which was presented as a construction project in the article "Build A
Musical Pitch Reference" by Don Lancaster
in the September 1968 issue of POPULAR
ELECTRONICS. This frequency synthesizer instrument generates 12 of the middle notes
of the equally tempered musical scale to an
accuracy better than the best ear can determine and with a stability unattainable by
the finest set of tuning forks. With this instrument, the person doing the tuning
listens only for fundamental unison beats
that even an untrained ear can easily detect. Unfortunately, this back issue is no
longer available from us.)
48
-S-
'Z.
c.
3641.271
.
o
co
ub
\
\
32.70
c,
rm
43.65
49.00
55.00
61.74
641
463
3889'---C*
v6
S!97
7142
82.41
87.31
98.00
110.0
123.5
+
n
130.8
146.8
164.8
174.6
196.0
ZO
o
o
m
23
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382g6
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au
models available is not easy; each has attractions and features that draw the buyer
to it. Of all the factors to be singled out in
organ selection, however, ample reverberation and amplifier power- handling capacity
JUNE 1973
784.0
880.0
1,397
o
n
z
o
1,760
2,349
2,637
2,794
3, 136
3, 520
cn
910.: 4
:49,368
.1:
:94C
41
co
4,698
5,274
5,588
6,2 72
7,040
7,902
o
o
.
o
>
ao
6.8
come.
49
ON
TEST REP
unn
DIOXIDE vs
cxnonnOFT
FERRIC
OXIDE
CASSETTE
TAPES
Although higher in cost,
Cr0: tape provides slightly
better performance.
BY JULIAN D. HIRSCH
Hirsch -Houck Laboratories
50
Electrical Considerations. During the recording process, certain elite ria must be met
if the best possible perforlance is to be
obtained from both the re corder and the
tape. As the ultrasonic bias si gnal, combined
with the audio signal in the recording head,
is increased from a low level an increase in
playback output and a redu ction in distortion occur. The residual nois e level, or hiss,
remains relatively constant, yielding a net
improvement in the S/N ratio. Simultaneously, however, the higher audio frequencies are partially erased by t he stronger bias
signal as they are recorded. The result is a
loss of high -frequency resp anse which, at
optimum bias (from distort ion and output
considerations) , is usually excessive. To
counteract this, a lower bias is used.
In all cases, treble boost is used during
recording to obtain a "flat" response with
standard playback equalization. It might
appear, then, that by increa sing the recording high -frequency boost, a flat frequency
response would be achieved with maximum
output and minimum distorLion. In reality,
however, this would saturate the tape with
low -level, high- frequency si gnals.
The concentration, therefoore, has been on
magnetic coati ngs capable of
storing higher energy leve s without succumbing to bias -flux demagn etization. With
the better ferric oxide tapes, this is partially
accomplished with smaller m ignetic particles
and tape surface polishing :o assure better
contact with the record /] )layback head.
Such tapes usually go by such names as
"Low Noise," "Super Dynan ic," "Ultra Dynamic," "Extended Range," "High Energy,"
etc. As compared with stand ard ferric oxide
tapes, these special tapes c an provide significantly better S/N ratio and high -fre=
quency responses, especially where the recorder is properly set.
Going a step beyond the lest ferric oxide
tapes, chromium dioxide c. assettes have a
greater capacity to store enel rgy, particularly
at high frequencies, and to resist bias demagnetization. They are designed to be
operated at a higher bias le vel and recorded
at a higher level; and bec Luse they resist
erasure, a higher erase curl ent is required.
Their improved treble response can be put
to use in several ways. By u! ;ing more treble
cut in the playback equal ization, an improved S/N is obtained. On the other hand,
with standard playback eq ualization, high frequency response can be e xtended and the
higher bias and recording levels still give
,
It. Rr 14i1I'illuiiliilEilillNlBiMIliiiiNI11MIII@111IIINII!
iiiilfilll6V111EMEN7111111illillElflflRiEIIIEEINIII
.. .... ..... ..-............ ................... _
,...- .................
:-
.
5dB
FREQUENCY (Hz)
of ferric oxide
tape. (Each recorder manufacturer selects
the operating conditions he considers to be
the optimum.)
The overall performance of any cassette
recorder depends on the properties of the
tape, recording bias and equalization, recording level, and playback equalization.
Obviously, other factors like head design
enter the picture if a really thorough discussion of the mechanics and electronics
were to take place. These, however, are
beyond the scope of this article.
There are industry- accepted standards for
playback equalization, a necessity for playing commercially recorded tapes. But each
manufacturer is free to choose his own
combination of the other factors involved.
In the case of chromium dioxide tape, there
is not yet a universally accepted playback
equalization characteristic, a situation that
has a great deal of potential for chaos.
51
TAPE
REC. LEVEL
dB @ 3% THD
BASF SK
BASF LH
BASF CrO
+0.8
+1
-0.2
-2.3
Capitol 2
Memorex
Memorex CrO,
Norelco 300
Norelco 400 CrO,
Scotch
TDK
TDK
TDK
TDK
HE
LN
SD
ED
KR CrOz
S/N re 3% THD
dB
0.0 dB
$1.75
$2.65
$3.89
+2.2 dB
+5.3 dB
$2.98
3
2
0.0 dB
+0.3 dB
+1.0 dB
+1.8 dB
$1.99
$2.99
00dB
0.0 dB
+2.6 dB
+1.5 dB
$2.95
$3.49
-2.0 dB
-0.8 dB
$2.80
-0.7 dB
-0.4 dB
+0.5 dB
+2.2 dB
+6.4 dB
+1.0 dB
$1.49
$2.29
$3.00
$3.00
+0.9
-1
54
+1.4
-1.3
+3.5
56
60
+0.5
-2.3
+1.5
+2
57
+2.1
-1
56
+1.6
+1.5
+2.2
+1.5
-1.5
+3
55
57
55
59
58
4
2*
1
rang.
PRICE
+1.8 dB
+0.7 dB
+2.0 dB
+1.5
+2
+1
4 kHz
-0.6 dB
-1.0 dB
57
55
58
OUTPUT
FLUCTUATION*
+1.5 dB
0.0 dB
'.
F'OPULAR ELECTRONICS
JUNE 1973
playback equalization of the Advent 201 recorder. This was confirmed by our experience with other cassette recorders that use
the same playback equalization for all tapes.
With these machines, the S/N is no better
with chromium dioxide tape than it is with
any good ferric oxide tape, although the
high- frequency response is usually considerably extended.
Most chromium dioxide cassettes employ
DuPont's "Crolyn" tape and, therefore, have
identical magnetic properties. An exception
is the BASF Chromdioxid that is made in
West Germany by a BASF process. In our
tests, it reached 3 percent THD at a slightly
lower recording level than did the Crolyn
tapes. As a result, it did not have quite as
good a S/N figure (the difference, although
measurable, was slight) . The Norelco 400
tape appeared to be identical to the BASF
Chromdioxid in its properties.
Does Chromium Dioxide Tape Sound
Better? Little in our tests suggest that chro-
you like
to work
VIith your
hands...
54
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Design Console
"Breadboard" circuits without
soldering for both solid state and
vacuum tube experiments.
Oscilloscope
Professional technician's diagnostic
instrument.
Transistorized Voltmeter
507
ONE
"Elecao-tab"
is a
JUNE
1973
Illinois 60641
57
UII
BY
MICHAEL S. ROBBINS
(MOSFET)
Besides taking very little power, the individual COSMOS elements are so small
that more of these devices can be packed
on a single chip than conventional bipolar
devices. As an example, consider the complexity of a whole calculator on one chip
or a complete clock on a single chip. One
standard COSMOS device, the RCA
CD4020AE, contains 14 flip -flops and, with
a 16.384 -kHz input, will divide down to 1
Hz. Power consumption of this chip is less
than 0.5 mA at 5 volts.
.
58
1.
Circuit ircludes a 15 -kHz
oscillator driving a counter- decoder.
Fig.
World
100K
CI
01
2N5172
u
4
D.P.
NC
C2
R2
220pF
47K
COMMON
C ATH.
04
PARTS LIST
-9- or 12 -volt
transistor battery
C1,C2-220 -pF disc ceramic capacitor
C3 -1 -F, 10 -volt miniature electrolytic capacitor
IC1- COSMOS dual 3 -input NOR gate plus
inverter (RCA CD4000AE)
1C2- COSMOS decade counter /decoder
B1
(RCA CD4033AE)
Q1-2N5172 transistor
R1,R4- 100,000 -ohm,
1/4 -watt
resistor
through 6.
The actual circuit is shown in Fig. 2.
IC1A and IC1B, in conjunction with RI and
Cl, form the 15 -kHz oscillator. Inverter
ICI C provides the reset. When the center
bar of the LED display (segment g) goes
off as the display attempts to go from 6 to 7,
the voltage present at segment g suddenly
drops to zero. This pulse is differentiated
by C2 and R2 and causes the inverter to
reset the counter (via pin 15). IC2 is a
COSMOS decade counter that takes pulses
1
JUNE 1973
1/4-watt resistor
cc
;.;
LT' I
-L ,-
i`"
\000
Fig. 3. Actual size foil pattern for a single die and the componen installation.
Take care in handling COSMOS IC's. They can be damaged by static electricity.
CDA
BY WALTER G. JUNG
AMPLIFIER
THE
eational
JUNE 1973
Vee
RL
(VERY HIGH)
OUTPUT
OI
INPUT
(A)
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
hase of Ql.
If differential operation is required,
both inputs are used. If only single -ended
operation is desired, Qm can be biased off
by grounding the ( +) input and Ql is used
as a high -gain, buffered gain stage.
One thing which should be noted from
this discussion is that we are now talking in
terms of input currents, not voltage inputs
as in a standard op amp. What this means is
that the two inputs work together as a pair
of current differencing inputs. Standard op
amp theory works on differential input volt-
(D)
lution
a
high -quality amplifier.
common emitter with high
gain. Circuit (B) has a buffer stage.
Active pulldown is shown at (C); and
(D) includes constant -current biasing.
of
At (A) is
Rf
Vet
If
(I OF
PIN 14
COMMON TO ALL
4 AMPLIFIERS
4)
INPUTS
OUTFLT
(10F a)
(
(I OF
4)
PIN 7
COMMON TO ALL
4 AMPLIFIERS
Co
CI
(COUPLING)
IyF
RI
Ep
1`
47K
RL.
(NEST
STAGE'S
INPUT
R3
IM
+15V
IMPEDANCE)
0.10
Ein!
RI
Ein2
R2
Eo
co
RL
+I5V
no more complicated than transferring RIC1 from the negative input (in the inverter)
to the positive input. With the example
shown, the gain is 100. There will be some
deviation from precise accuracy of the gains
due to the current mirror, but this is negligible at all but the higher gain settings. Coupling capacitors are chosen as previously.
Ein3
R3
Ein4
R4
0-
-aMMnnr
RI- R4.470K
+15v
RI
1I
LOW Z
MIC
Co
CI
CI
IF NEEDED
C2
R2
R3A
10OK
C3
IyF
R3B
IO0K
4- 5 V
Fig. 6. Inverting
+15V
Y+15)/
Eo
R2
5.I M
Ein
RI
IOOK
CI
.IN F
Co
20yF
+I /
Et,
10K
DC GAIN
CONTROL SIGNAL
0= MIN.GAIN
+10V= MAX. GAIN
R6
1K
RL
(50R
DI,D2=IN914
MIN)
controlled
gain signal.
Fig. 8. A 50 -ohm line driver amplifier.
000 ohms.
Gain Controlled Amplifier. Ever have a
need for a circuit with a remotely or electronically adjustable gain? Figure 7 is such
a circuit, National Semiconductor's recommendation for gain controlling one section
of an LM3900.
The circuit works basically by varying the
diode impedance of D2, which passes the
200K
AIN
CONTROLLED
C3
AMPLIFIER,
RC ACTIVE FILTER
R14
5.IM
RI2
100K
_+ ^ ^
R13
62K
MMMir
D3
.IyF
AI
LM39001
DIFFERENCE
AVERAGER
R15
IM
t-AM^NNr
RI
2.2K
R16
1.6 M
RIB
10K
OUTPUT
LEVEL
IN752
(5.1V)
Fig. 9. This low-distortion, amplitude -regulated, sine wave oscillator uses four CDA sections.
64
ci
.02yF
Vo
for, kHz
TO
+15V*
R6
150K
RI
Oscillators. Like conventional op amps, A
75K
f-A+B+C+D+E
CDA's are very useful in oscillator circuits
R2
75K
for generating sinusoidal, pulse, and rectangular waveforms. Taking full advantage of
R3
75K
all four amplifiers of a single CDA package
and a combination of different circuit sec- D
R4
75K
tions, National Semiconductor's sine wave
R5
oscillator (Fig. 9) produces a 1 -kHz output
75K
*IF DRIVING
with a total harmonic distortion of 0.15,
OTHER DEVICES
SUCH AS 7400 TTL,
regulated in amplitude.
SUPPLY VOLTAGES
MUST BE COMPATIBLE
Sections A2 through A4 form the oscil- O- -NMAM- J
lator, with gain being controlled by A2. This Fig. 12. The CDA as a multi -input OR gate.
section is a gain controlled amplifier similar
cuit, Al is a dual slope ramp generator,
to Fig. 7. Stage Al senses the output level
through rectifier D3 and develops a control charging and discharging Cl to form the trivoltage to drive D2. Amplitude is adjustable angle wave. The wave's amplitude is sensed
by varying the voltage applied to R16 with by A2, a Schmitt trigger which controls the
peak -to -peak amplitude of the triangle. The
output level control R18.
This circuit is useful in tone signalling state of the ramp generator (up or down) is
systems as it produces a predictable low - controlled by the switched current at the
+) input, developed by R2. 13oth square
distortion sine wave; and, more important,
and
triangle waveforms are available from
the same RC active filter used in the oscillator can be used as the bandpass filter for the circuit.
the tone receiver. This guarantees frequency
Digital and Switching Circuits. Since
tracking between the transmitter and the
CDA's operate from single power supplies
as low as 4 volts, they naturally work well
with logic devices (the popular 7400 series,
for example) . However, they can also be
OUTPUT
used as logic elements themselves. An all
CDA logic system can be operated at any
SCHMITT
voltage within the range of the particular
TRIGGER
I.8MSEC
devices used -not just the conventional +5
+
o J LJ
volts. The circuits shown here will work with
OUTPUT 2
any CDA if supplies are between +5 and
-i-15 V. If interfaced with other logic elements, of course, a mutually compatible
voltage is needed ( +5 V for the 7400, for
Fig. 11. A CDA triangle wave generator.
instance).
(
/\/\
JUNE
1973
65
(-
eC
o-_
Fig. 13. Circuit for
-)
C2
C3
1000pF
OUTPUT
/I000pF
OUTPUT
-1I
!`nnnn
R4
IM
R2
10OK
210OK
CI
INPUT
IOOpFI
-)
oA
OUTPUT
Walkin' But
Not Talkin'?
Better Get
REALISTIC
usArn`:
TRC -3. Our lowest -priced one -channel superhet has push
pull audio for extra listening power, 100 mW "no license
operation ", front facing speaker /mike, more. With Channel
11 crystal, 9 volt battery, carry strap.
-
has separate speaker and mike for maximum modulation and reception. "Beep" tone signal, battery condition
meter, push -pull audio. With 9 volt battery, crystals.
TRC -35C. Crystal -controlled transmit & receive on up to
3 channels. 1.5 watts power. RF & IF stages, squelch,
noise limiter, battery meter with instant check button,
carrying strap,Ch. 11 crystals. FCC TYPE ACCEPTED.
It
r-Rush me
S
185
is
Street
L City
ftadie Ihaek
and ALIJEJ RADIO STORES
State
Zip
CIRCLE NO.
JUNE 1973
26 ON
,,
T
%
Solid-State
Scene
By 'Walter G. Jung
is
Vcc(
+5v)
THERE
of different logic family types, packaging
Meet the
IC Logic
Families
68
1.6K
13011
INPUTS
B
;,UT JT
-a
INPUTS
o
B
1
OOUTPUT
O Vss
(GND)
circuit.
pow
&
JUNE 1973
ECL Family.
logic is ECL (emitter coupled logic). Although ECL has been with us for a number
of years, it has recently begun to take on
importance with the emergence of a standard: Motorola's MC10,000 series.
ECL is a nonsaturated logic family (as
opposed to standard TTL, which is saturated) so that it is inherently capable of high
speed and low delay. ECL is based on the
differential amplifier (Fig. 3) which works
as follows. Fixed bias is applied to the right
side of the differential pair, Ql and Q2. This
bias establishes the input voltage threshold
at Ql. Emitter current for the pair is fixed
by R. If inputs A through D are low, this
current flows through Q2, pulling its collector and the OR output down. If any of the
four inputs is high, the current flows through
Q1A (or Q1B, C, or D) pulling down the QI
side and making the NOR output low. External resistors, R , serve to reduce the outputs for logic zero output signals. ECL uses
a 5.2 -volt power supply with a positive
ground.
ECL performs an OR function for high
inputs since a one at any of the four inputs
creates a one at the OR output. A side benefit of the emitter coupled operation is that
the complementary NOR output is available. The 10,000 series has two subsets
which differ slightly in speed.
This form of logic finds applications in
very high speed computers ( above 100
69
Vcc2(GROUND)
220
245
Vccl(GROUND)
907
OR
02
OID
OUTPUTS
01
NOR
50K
50K
50K
50
K
00
OC
OB
OA
RE
6.IK
4.98K
77911
VEE( -5.2V)
VEE
INPUTS
GND
sense.
CMS -271, is $2.50; and "COS /MOS Data book," SSD -203A, is $2.00; both from RCA
Solid State Div., Box 3200, Sommerville,
NJ 08876.
"MECL System Design Handbook," 240
pages on designing with ECL, is $2.00 from
Motorola Semiconductor Products, P. O.
Box 20924, Phoenix, AZ 85036.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World
"VfirLusic be
tliefood ofloqk,
play'ij."
TWELFTH NIGHT, Act I, Scene
coloration
4. Density of voice coil winding
5. Flux density in the magnetic circuit
6. Sixteen mechanical parameters are checked
ranging from the length of the flexible voice
coil leads to the centering tolerance of the
cents.
17osE
problems
8. Accelerated humidity tests
9. Power sweeps after complete assembly in
cabinet to check for any extraneous noises
10. Extensive computer checking of all
parameters in the 901 active equalizer
CIRCLE NO.
ON READER SERVICE
ON
voice coil
7. Power tests to check for possible thermal
JUNE 1973
i, Lind
dd
CARD
71
CIE will
help you get
the license
you need
II:
It
Electronics,
...
...
CIE
Cleveland Institute
of Electronics, Inc.
License."
in Electronics."
Electronic Communications
Electronics Technology
Industrial Electronics
Broadcast Engineering
Electronics Engineering
First Class FCC License
Electronics Technology with Laboratory
Name
(PLEASE PnirrTl
ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY with LABORATORY
Address
... teaches you the fundamentals. With a 16I -piece laboratory you apply the principles you learn by analyzing and
City
trouble- shooting electronics equipment.
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ... A college -level
State
Zip
course for men already working in Electronics. Covers
steady -state and transient network theory, solid -state
Veterans and Servicemen:
physics and circuitry, pulse techniques, computer logic
Check here for GA. Bill information.
and mathematics through calculus.
L
CIRCLE NO. S ON READER SERVICE CARD
JUNE 1973
Age
P E-47
J
7S
Product
Test Report s
HEATH MODEL AD -1530 STEREO CASSETTE DECK
(A Hirsch -Houck Labs Report)
THE
sette
Kit Features. Although the electronic portions of the AD -1530 deck are in kit form,
the mechanical transport is supplied completely assembled. A large master circuit
board that occupies most of the deck's interior volume contains the power supply and
bias oscillator circuits, a number of calibration controls, and switches for the built -in
38 mV on AUX and 0.23 mV on nue was required. The fixed playback level was 0.58
V, while the reference distortion level of 3
percent was reached with a + 1 -dB recorded
signal on regular tape and +2 dB on Cr02
tape. The S/N ratio, unweighted except for
the attenuation of frequencies below 250
Hz, was 52.2 dB with regular and 56.5 dB
with Cr02 tape, referred to 3 percent THD.
With the Dolby system on, the corresponding figures were 56.5 and 60.0 dB. When
the suc inputs were used, at maximum gain
the S/N figures were reduced by 3 dB.
Wow and flutter, unweighted, were 0.03
and 0.17 percent, respectively, typical of today's high -quality cassette transports. Using
a timing signal supplied on the test tape,
we found that the operating speed was slow
by about 0.5 see /min of playing time. This
is an acceptable speed error for cassette
recorders. In the fast speed modes, a C -60
cartridge went from end to end in 44 sec-
15
onds.
User Comments. The Heath AD -1530
deck represents an impressive achievement
primarily because of its complete selftesting and alignment facilities. Although an
external VTVM adjustment procedure is
given, the precision resistors and feedback
stabilization in the deck's metering system
probably make it more accurate than any
but a laboratory -grade voltmeter. In any
event, our kit -built unit performed so well
after "no-instrument" setup that no improvement would have been possible with external
meters.
Assembly time for the kit was about 12;
hours, plus 2 hours for set -up. The manual
explains in detail the function of each stage.
r T71
1
HEATH AD -1530
PLAYBACK RESPONSE
(REGULAR TAPE)
MIME llll011lll111!
ll111Mll l9
lc illA
EIVI
lNilllillily7lg!!
illllllERNl>nErll!
0000
FREQUENCY, He
JUNE
1973
77
strict dollars-and -cents basis, it might be difficult to justify, but the knowledge the
builder gains of the mechanical and dlectrouic operation, plus the ability to periodically optimize performance, add up to a
good investment. Add to this the fact that
the AD -1530 is the equal in performance of
any cassette deck we have used.
MARANTZ MODEL
(A
Marantz Model
T HE
amplifier is designed
2440 Quadradial
to provide up-todate program formats in mono, stereo, and 4channel sound. Built into the amplifier are
a matrix decoder and facilities for plugging
in an SQ decoder module. With the 2440
connected to a good stereo amplifier or receiver and the addition of an extra pair
of speaker systems, the Quadradial transforms a 2- channel system into a high -quality
4-channel system for $300.
A "Vari- Matrix" circuit built into the 2440
is used to create synthetic rear-channel signals from 2- channel programs and to de-
code (at least approximately) many currently available quadraphonic records. Like most
synthesizers, the Vari- Matrix drives the
rear speakers with an L
difference signal to add a sense of ambience to stereo
programs. In addition, the phase of the rear
channels is shifted, relative to the front
channels, in a manner that varies with frequency. A DIMENSION control is provided for
adjusting the degree to which L
R front center or mono signals are suppressed in
the rear speakers.
The five -position MODE switch offers operational modes for MONO to all four channels; STEREO to the front and rear channels;
DISCRETE 4- channel; VARI- SIATRIX Synthesized 4- channel or enhanced stereo; and
SO matrixed 4- channel sound. A socket is
provided inside the 2440 for the user to plug
in Marantz's optional Model SQA -1 decoder
module. This module accurately decodes
-R
78
=EE"Erral ITZM==aMr
MARANTZ
2440
E2E00CE
Po,rERItOI
-----oPri nor
P021Ea I-]2!1
..._,
!C
..,
-'
.:-40210
=.-..........
w,
t.w,
5k
500
400
200
FREQUENCY IN Mt (CYCLES PER SECOND)
CONTROLLED
QUALITY
rig CRYSTEk !
set.
On the rear apron are all input and output jacks, a level switch for high- and low level input signals, and two ac outlets (one
of which is switched) . The speaker connectors are insulated spring-loaded push types.
The rated output of the 2440's amplifier
section is 20 watts /channel into 4 or 8
ohms with both channels driven over a frequency range of 20 to 20,000 Hz at less
than 0.3 percent harmonic and IM distortion. The front-channel output (which returns to the front -channel tape inputs) is a
maximum of 1 volt at 1 percent distortion.
At a nominal 150 -mV operating level, its
distortion is less than 0.1 percent.
BAND
CITIZEN
Channels and "Mars"
23
HAM OPERATORS
Commercial 2 -Way
Marine -Monitor
See your Distributor for Speedy
"Zip Certificates"
u'CflYSiEK
formerly Texas Crystals
Div. of Whitehall Electronics Corp.
1000 Crystal Drive
Fort Myers, Florida 33901
CIRCLE NO.
2440
11I1111t.1 1tit..111
111
C.1n\m IIIIOJI
ii=lllll , 1 I111111
I11 IiI
IA____.
..a------...R-------...W
Ne
DTA[ NARMOX
DISTORTION
----GO/100oNeI.IIIMORTORTION
E.,
os
1111fI11f11iI11111
-- C.i
M11.W-_\11MIIIIIII
TV TUNER SERVICE
------- ------:.\.mM-..O.
_-_---:::::
O.=11=..Wa
MARANTZ
by
CRYSTALS
Makes
All
pboet.
--__==::::__::_::::::
-iRI=C=LMR.=IME....ee
wi\mm...IIlimm.E[i...1mw......111
4'ast
g lit Service!
mmtiolmv1 E11111III11111111
....RI
IMUI1IIII
O2
You owe
loaf
n ere
P'tNe la.
n was
world.
I. en test
0I
os
CONTINUOUS ANO EQUIVALENT
SINE-WAVE POWER OUTPUT PER CHANNEL
oz
,D
zo
O.
e.
1000 -Hz distortion typically about 0.03 percent and less than 0.1 percent from 0.1 watt
JUNE 1973
'else'' ice
tin: R.aly
%r
5.
t.
NnN
[nN se
lard
.n
7g eN
calai ..m
M
ear
and
sit
mdle
NEW SERVICE
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
P.O. BOX 16855
Phila. Pa. 19142
wt. repaired.
echNI al 4
returning
CENTER
plants.
set
arms
Sewn
fre
Y.U I.
t
Ueeirehghacn
comps
ou
S- M,- -e
e. Orerol[N
x.
IN WATTS
it to yourself
Mr
PIACF[XTaGU10[
apM
manen
tureen
RlewR N ,R
uem
OiN
` stele
MulliRl
We
pages
RepaemeterSppeeGwd
RC.
$ 9.95
$16.95
$12.50
VHF -UHF-FM
UV -COMBO
IF- MODULE
of
PTS
NOME
ELECTRONICS, INC.
OFFICE-
SOUTHEASTWEST
COAST-
UST_
.O.
P.D.
23
See
user
i _IINmingten, rFI.
1331- laoeenn,nle. are. 33305
FN. MI 4135G- Sanraeneme, Gait WWI
P.O.
MOUNTAIN-
CIRCLE NO.
s.'
PR
ms-Sr..g
ser.
.11,Mau. 0u03
o
TN. I13/13e-I101
TN.101/it4t1U
Tel
16
/ub@
NJq /U43TDe
3e1. 303/341,3m
to more than 25 watts /channel. The IM distortion was less than 0.3 percent over the
same power range, typically between 0.1
and 0.2 percent. At the rated 20- watt /channel output, harmonic distortion was about
0.5 percent at most frequencies and did not
exceed 0.09 percent from 20 Hz to 20,000
Hz. At reduced power, the distortion was
even lower, averaging between 0.02 and
0.05 percent. The front panel output meters
indicated 0 dB with about 8.5 watts output
into 8 -ohm loads
Input sensitivity was 97 mV (low) and 55
mV (high) for 10 watts output with an
CB TRANSCEIVER
80
Technical Data. The receiver has a common "front end" for both AM and ssb operation. The 11,275 -kHz i-f output is obtained by mixing the CB signals with a crystal frequency synthesizer. For AM, a second
conversion is made to 455 kHz by combining the 11,275 -kHz i-f with an 11,730-kHz
crystal frequency at a balanced -diode second
mixer. Selectivity is obtained with a mechanical filter that precedes two i -f stages. The
detector and agc are conventional, as is the
a -f section.
Single conversion is used for ssb, directly
to an 11,275 -kHz crystal -lattice filter whereby sideband selection is obtained. The
proper bfo signal for the desired sideband is
obtained from individual 11,275 -kHz or
11,272 -kHz crystal oscillators.
Squelch is triggered by separate AM and
ssb agc systems. The ssb age is amplified,
eliminating the need for an r -f gain control
to minimize strong-signal overload.
A conventional full -time and is set up for
AM. A noise silencer (blanker) can be
switched in for AM and ssb. This is handled
by a high -gain IC pulse amplifier and transistor pulse -shaping and amplifying chain
that gates the diodes at the AM second mixer
or a diode switch at the input to the 11,275 kHz ssb filter. This action momentarily cuts
off the signal paths during each impulse noise peak.
On transmit, the AM signal is generated in
the usual manner, with the synthesizer output applied to the driver and, hence, to the
power amplifier where a dual -pi output cirPOPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics
World
cuit provides antenna matching and harmonic reduction. An adjustable TVI trap is
included. Modulating power is obtained
from the a -f section of the receiver, as
usual. The "range boost" is a compression
system that feeds back a rectified sample
of the modulating voltage to the microphone amplifier, thus providing agc.
For transmitting ssb, the receiver product
detector is used as a balanced modulator to
which the speech -input signal is applied. It
is followed by the same crystal filter and first
i -f stage used for receiving ssb. This 11,275kHz signal is mixed with the synthesizer signals for an on- channel signal that goes to
the driver and output amplifier.
An automatic -modulation system (usually
referred to as ale) controls the gain of the
i-f stage for maintaining high modulating
levels without power amplifier overload in
much the same way as does the range boost
in AM.
at 1 -V signal.
The normal and is quite effective with AM
signals; but where extra suppression is
needed for different type noises, the noise
silencer comes in handy. The normal and
does not function on ssb; in which case, use
of the silencer is a must for mobile service,
where it does a terrific job, attenuating impulse noise by at least 25 dB.
SAVE MONEY:
A Delta Mark Ten Capacitive Discharge Ignition
(CDI) System On Your Car Slashes Maintenance
Dept. PE
creased performance.
Mark Ten (Assembled) $44.95 ppd.
Mark Ten B $59.95 ppd.
Mark Ten (Deltakit) $29.95 ppd.
(Kits available in 12 volt only,
positive or negative ground)
Mfg. in U.S.A.
CIRCLE NO.
JUNE 1973
30 ON
Enclosed is $
Ship ppd.
Ship C.O.D.
Please send'
Mark Ten B @ $59.95 ppd.
Standard Mark Ten (Assembled) @ $44.95 ppd.
Positive Ground
6 Volt: Neg. Ground Only
12 Volt: Specify
Negative Ground
Standard Mark Ten (Deltakit") @ $29.95 ppd.
(12 Volt Positive Or Negative Ground Only)
Make
Car Year
Name
Address
City /State
Zip
--
J
81
USERS
often monitor
-f
82
"break in" on another during a transmission, a feature not possible with scanners.
The Electrosonics International Model
EM -S Simo monitor receiver is designed to
keeps tabs on two frequencies simultaneously.
One signal can be in the low band and the
other in the high band, or both signals can
be in the same band as long as their frequency difference does not exceed 1 percent. (The high selectivity of the front end
makes this necessary.) Separate antenna
connectors are provided for the two bands.
The EM -S monitor contains a built -in
power supply for operation from household ac power sources and a connector that
allows operation from a 12 -volt mobile
source. An optional nickel- cadmium battery
pack that charges from the power line when
the receiver is line -operated is also available.
Power consumption is 2.5 watts on ac and
0.8 watt on dc.
Behind the front panel of the EM -S is a
small speaker. Also on the panel is a red
pilot lamp that operates only when ac power
is supplied, a volume control /power switch,
and three pushbutton channel selectors.
Along the lower edge of the front panel is a
thumbwheel -type squelch threshold control.
Wire and whip antennas are supplied for the
channel frequencies in use.
Laboratory Tests. Out test receiver came
equipped with crystals for approximately
46 MHz in the low band and 159 MHz in
the high band. The 20-dB quieting sensitivity tested out at 0.9 /AV on 46 MHz and
0.8 pV on 159 MHz. The latter was reduced
slightly to 1.25 pV in the Simo operating
mode.
With a 5 -kHz deviation at 400 Hz, a
20 -dB (S + N) /N ratio was obtained at 0.75
pV on 46 MHz and 0.5 /kV on 159 MHz.
Again, simultaneous operation reduced the
high -band sensitivity, this time to 0.8 V.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
B3
tip
An Electronic Counter
For the Technician
di ITS Regency's new six-digit Model EC175 electronic counter," Mac was explaining to Barney as he affectionately patted a device about the size of a solid -state
mobile CB transceiver that was resting on
the bench on its combination tilt stand and
carrying handle.
"Did you buy it ?"
"Not yet. When I was at Center City last
Friday, a dealer-friend suggested I bring it
home for a few days and see what technician uses I can find for it inasmuch as it is
specifically designed for service work. He
MOSFET amplifier-shaper whose gain is
says he plans to use any information I
controlled by the sensitivity knob at the
but
to
technicians,
pitch
collect in his sales
I'm suspicious that he believes I'll not be upper left. The reshaped cycles are fed to
able to part with it after I learn what it a count gate between the amplifier and six
decade counter assemblies (DCA's). Each
will do. When you get used to working with
of these provides an output count of one
it
up
give
to
want
don't
something, you
for an input count of ten. Since they are
so quickly."
connected in series and the signal is fed to
it
do
?"
will
"What
"Count and display the cycles per second the one on the right, this means the six of
of any regularly recurring phenomenon with them can absorb up to a million counts; and
when the count is stopped, the number of
a frequency of 5 Hz to 175 MHz. This
counts each DCA contains and its position
we
frequencies
of
majority
great
the
covers
properly reflect the correct digits of the
encounter in our work."
"How come it's reading 100.000 ?" Barney total count.
If we open the count gate for just one
asked, pointing to the display panel showing
this number in bright red 5/ 16" high nu- second, the DCA's will count and store the
number of cycles occurring in that second,
merals.
"It's displaying the frequency of our 100 - and when the count in each DCA is moved
to its associated 7- segment LED (light
kHz crystal oscillator frequency standard.
Since the five- position switch on the right emitting diode) display, we have a direct
readout of the frequency without any need
is set to a kHz position, that means the
number to the left of the decimal indicates for critical adjustment, computation, interpolation, or decimal positioning."
kilohertz."
"Yeah, but how can you keep that gate
"You mean that thing is actually counting,
for precisely one second ?"
open
thousand
whole
hundred
the
one by one,
"Now you're getting to the nitty-gritty.
cycles that take place in a second ?"
"That's right, and it's recounting about It's done with a self-contained highly acforty -five times a minute just to make sure curate `clock' consisting of an oven -conthe frequency has not changed since the trolled crystal oscillator operating at 3 MHz.
TTL logic circuitry divides this frequency
last count."
84
440
4Y2
POUNDS
TRAdE TI1E bEAdS FOR I(Eys...TI1E MITS 1440 SPACE ACTE CALCULATOR!
14 DIGIT LED DISPLAY READ -OUT
+ MOS -LSI CIRCUITRY
1440 KIT
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1440 ASSEMBLED
5249.95
MITS
CI
KIT
ASSEMBLED
AMOUNT OF CHECK S
Include $5.00 for postage and handling.
S. E.,
505/265-7553
CIRCLE NO.
JUNE 1973
`ENCLOSED IS CHECK
FOR MODEL =
21
Please send
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE & ZIP
-in
86
-is
count."
"What uses have you found for it ?"
Some Practical Uses. "Lots. For one
thing, it makes all our signal generators
super -accurate. When the output frequen-
FREE
Ilitinlosh
SEND
TODAY!
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MX 113
AM FM /FM STEREO TUNER PREAMPLIFIER
CIRCLE NO. 20 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ZIP
JUNE 1973
87
HOW DO
SERIES- CONNECTED
CONSTANT CURRENT
SOURCES OPERATE?
WITH TWO SUCH DIFFERENT SOURCES,
HOW DOES THE CIRCUIT WORK?
have a surprise for you,"
SLIM,
O H,called
Joe, the shop owner, to his techI
3V
3v
88
'.2 K
BY JO AN T. BAILEY
rock steady.
"With pencil in hand, Joe sketches the
two transistor circuits in series and labels
the 1 -mA one `A' and the 2 -mA one `B'.
Now he is connecting them in series on
the bench and has attached them to the
DO YOU KNOW
YOUR DC CIRCUIT!
I, 111
9. Equilibrium Equations.
A. Mesh (Loop) Equations. For an n-
- ...
- ...
...
node 1, and G12 is the it utual conductance between nodes 1 ind 2. For
a given circuit, some of th 2 terms in
the nodal equations may bt zero.
10. Equivalent Resistance.
A. Resistors in Series. Co isider n resistors connected in series (Fig. 12).
Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law, V =
I(R1 + R2 + . . . + R, ) = IReq,
where lirg = R1 + R2 + .
..+Rnis
Fig. 13
Ex. 13. What single eq livalent resistor can replace a 3 -ohn , a 5-ohm,
and a 12 -ohm resistor cc nnected in
series? Sol. R<q = 3 + 5 - 12 = 20
ohms.
B. Resistors in Parallel. Consider n
resistors connected in paralle (Fig. 13).
Applying Kirchhoff's currer t law, I =
- 1 /Rn)
V(1/R1 + 1 /R2
V(GI +G2+
+G = VG,,,
where G,, = GI + G-, +
+Gn
is the equivalent conduct: nce of the
-
Fig. 12
h =
G,1V1
- ...
-is the
.. +GnnV
current
.
Gn2V2
90
...
+......
(A)
(B1
Fig. 14
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics
World
ohms.
Resistors in Series and Parallel.
a circuit containing combinations of
D.
in
Fig. 15
parallel network. In words, the equivalent conductance of a number of resistors in parallel is equal to the sum
of the conductance of each resistor.
(1) In terms of resistance, R.,, =
1
/G=
C)
rn
/(1 /R1
words, the equivalent resistance of a
number of resistors in parallel is equal
to the reciprocal of the sum of their
conductances. (2) For two resistors in
parallel (n = 2) , we have a simple
1 /R2)
expression: R4 = 1 /(1 /R1
1
(/)
Fig. 18
(B)
(A)
Fig. 16
+5=
8ohms.
R,
R).
...
+
= R V/ (R1 + R2 +
For a series circuit, the voltage
is: V.
Fig. 19
...
Fig. 17
JUNE 1973
I/
91
12
loo
12. Modeling.
A. Independent Sources. The ideal
voltage and current sources we have
been using can be termed independent
sources. The value of an independent
current or voltage source is specified
and is independent of the circuit to
which it is connected. By combining independent ideal sources and resistors,
f
T
.5V
L'
(B)
(A)
Fig. 20
o1JVvn/AV26
(13),
(A)
Fig. 22
-0D
VGS
)NVGS
(A)
(B)
Fig. 23
20v
501
CURRENT- DEPENDENT
SOURCE
VOLTAGE- DEPENDENT
SOURCE
Fig. 21
92
vice.
Ex. 21. If, in Fig. 23B,
= 20, and
V,; < = 1 V, find the voltage at D with
respect to S. Sol. The voltage at terminal D with respect to terminal S is:
A.
V,,.,
= -20 x
1 = -20 V.
(To be conclude( )
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ON
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RAIN
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81
Timing for
Musician
When Is It Raining?
All quadraphonic
systems are not created
equal... Sansui has
created the
QS gario matrix.
Here at last is the development that once and for all will lay to
rest the dispute over discrete vs. encoded recordings. The
Sansui vario matrix -a technological extension of the QS Regu-
a degree never before possible with matrix recordings- separation so great that engineers have hailed it the "discrete matrix."
Two new units in the Sansui four -channel lineup -the
QRX -6500 and the QRX -3500 contain this outstanding new
decoder. These full- featured four -channel receivers have high
power output (280 watts and 180 watts IHF), superb FM sensitivity, and are loaded with special features to make quad
listening a totally trouble -free and fulfilling experience.
The new decoder includes a position for Phase Matrix
recordings, and both "Hall" and "Surround" positions for the
QS Regular Matrix and for the synthesizer section, for accurate
decoding of any current matrix as well as creating enhanced
4- channel sound from two -channel recordings.
QR X-3500
Co
SaizsuL
CIRCLE NO.
JUNE 1973
28
MOM
nuulgrrr..
.,,,-11,
CB Sc ene
By Matt P. Spinello, KHC2060
lust
the
cated.-Ed.)
REACT
Aids In
High -Rise
Disaster
96
JUNE 1973
97
The
New
4- Channel
Records
Producers of
4- channel discs
give their views
BY
HARRY MAYNARD
-to
...
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
99
INscribed bandwidths,
-a
-is
R-F Sweep
Generators
100
-or
-if
uals.
OO
101
THE
tubes or to store a
million bits of data
SURFACE
CHARGE
TRANSISTOR
BY
think semiconductor
time we
EVERY
packaging techniques (such as LSIlarge scale integration) have provided the
ultimate in compactness, something new is
bound to come along. Now it is the surface
charge transistor (SCT) -a semiconductor
so small that several hundred of them can
fit into the period at the end of a sentence.
In pre- transistor days, vacuum -tube digital computers had a maximum information
handling density of about 'a binary bit per
cubic inch. Transistors pushed the figure to
10 bits /cu in.; and IC's increased it to 100.
Recent MOS devices provide densities of
10,000 bits /cu in.; and how about the surface charge transistor? Would you believe
1,000,000 bits /cu in.?
SOURCE TRANSFER RECEIVER
ELECTRODE
GATE
ELECTRODE
iiiii iA
%///..
SILICON
DIOXIDE
INSULATION
SEMICONDUCTOR
SUBSTRATE
(A)
TRANSFER
GATE
-44)--
SUBSTRATE
RECEIVER
SOURCE
(B)
DAVID L. HEISERMAN
World
DATA
'NCI
DATA
OUT
LAUNCH
ENABLE
RECEIVE
ENABLE
FIRST0
STORE
1bZ
Io
Fig. 2.
This
14 -bit
5 -MHz
shift
register
made by GE is only
little
bigger
than
the head of a pin.
SCT
JUNE
1973
103
New Products)
SHURE
V -15
TYPE III
CARTRIDGE
Shure Brothers' announcement of the availability of all their all -new V -15 III stereo phono
cartridge signals a major step forward in pickup
design. Two new design features are the
Project 100, a versatile bookshelf speaker system from U.S. Pioneer Electronics Corp., features a hemispherical dome tweeter for better
transients and wider dispersion. Using an airsuspension type of enclosure that houses a 10in. woofer and a 1112-in. hemispherical dome
combination midrange and tweeter, the system
is capable of handling a maximum power input
of 35 watts. Because of its extreme rigidity, the
cone of the woofer is not subject to breakup
even with maximum inputs. The woofer has a
long -throw voice coil and a neoprene half -roll
surround that ensure clear bass response down
to 30 Hz. The midrange /tweeter is peripherally
driven, rather than at the apex, a feature that
provides good transient response.
Circle No.
72 on
PACE
73
on Reader Service
Card
METER
71
on Reader Service
Card
The clever use of standard parts, optional accessories, and modern finishes combines high
styling with functional beauty in Vector's new
line of card cases. Called Multi Mod, the system
104
76 on
low- cost,
high -accuracy
3'z -digit
is
portable
wi
Astroplane
gives CBer's Performance to brag about.
ant?
transmit and
stronger re-
ceive.
To make use of the better
signal,the Astroplane radiates
the signal from higher up than
other CB antennas and at a
better angle. According to Dr.
Alva Todd of the Midwest College of Engineering, "it possesses an unusually low angle
of maximum radiation." This
low angle of radiation means
that your power is radiated at
the horizon and not up into
the clouds.
You'll also get long lasting,
trouble -free performance because it is compact in design
-without long drooping radials, without coils to burn or
JUNE 1973
1.2:1
Length
12 Ft.
Diameter 30 In.
Free 16 page color catalog
creators of the
famous
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
CIRCLE NO.
INC.
for field use, the 4442 is lightweight and shockproof. A self -contained battery pack provides
up to 12 hours of continuous operation. Twenty
ranges cover 200 mV (100 -tcV resolution) to
1000 volts ac and dc, 200 ohms (0.1 -ohm
resolution) to 20 megohms, and ac and do
current measurement capability. It has LED
readouts, Dual Slope high-impedance bipolar
A/D converter for excellent accuracy (0.05
percent) and long -term stability, a single MOS
LSI chip for all logic circuitry, automatic
polarity indication, automatic blanking of unused digits to conserve battery power, and
overload protection.
Circle No. 77 on Reader Service Card
SAE
PREAMPLIFIER
STEREO
Circle No.
tion, he said it flat out; For my money, CompuSpark's a steal. Under 50 bucks. No
moving parts. Fully electronic. Solid- state. And CD, too! "It's built like a brick outhouse. They tried to wear one out and stopped at 270,000 miles when the car
fell apart.
"What's in it for you? It virtually does away with point wear. Ends plug fouling
hassles and puts plug wear way down the road. Often cuts your gas consumption by
20% and makes your engine run clean.
"The reasons for all this are as obvious as warts on a snake. A 60,000 volt
'The Ignition Sysspark is a helluva lot hotter than a stock ignition. CompuSpark
tem with a Brain'T" actually computes spark characteristics to engine RPM. You get
the right spark at the right time and the right place. Darned things run great in
Alaska or the tropics. Why not? Allsilicon, y' know. And the
anti -theft lock really works!
CompuSpark realy to install. S49.95
Rush me:
"Another thing: CompuSpark is guaranteed one month
Kit S39.95
longer than a Rolls- Royce: 37 months free repair or replaceCompuSpark brochure, free.
ment. 30 day money back guarantee, too!
"Think of it this way: One skipped
Car Year & Make
tune -up and CompuSpark has paid for
Name
itself. Two and you're money ahead.
Plenty more where that came from
Address
you're in clover, right? You bet.
City, State Zip
"Order your CompuSpark now. It
turned me on. I'm sure it'll turn you
C 0 D
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Enclosed: S
on, too!"
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Charge to my:
Master Charge
Installs in 15 minutes.
CIRCLE NO.
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14
B ankAmeric
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4ff1 Illf
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Instant starting in any weather - Eliminates tune -ups Increases gas mileage - Increases horsepower 15% Improves acceleration and performance - Spark plugs
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expense - Amplifies spark plug voltage to 45,000 volts
- Maintains spark plug voltage to 10,000 RPM - Reduces exhaust emissions - Dual ignition switch - An
Unconditional LIFETIME GUARANTEE - Installs
in 10 minutes on any car with 12 volt negative ground
- No rewiring - Most powerful, efficient and reliable
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39.95
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29.95
Post Paid in U.S.A.
Send check or money order with order to:
81
ECONOMY -PRICED
TStar
Corporation
107
35064
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
ZIP
STATE
CIRCLE NO.
17
AT LAST! PROFESSIONAL
HOME PROTECTION
EVERYONE CAN INSTALL
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Circle No.
82 on Reader Service
Card
TACHOMETER
Radio Shack's new Archerkit auto /marine tachometer kit indicates engine speed from 0 to
8000 rpm on any 4 -, 6 -, or 8- cylinder engine.
with a 12 -volt electrical system. The unit can
be mounted in any position and the rotatable
bezel adjusted for best visibility of the 311 -in.
lighted dial. An all -metal case and ruggedly
constructed meter movement make the tachometer highly resistant to shock and vibration.
The all -electronic circuit design compensates
for normal changes in voltage and temperature
for readings with 2 percent accuracy.
Circle No. 83 on Reader Service Card
HEATH
BYE/CO
'fail Safe'-SYSTEMHome
Protection
A New
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ABSORPTION
WATTMETER
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CIRCLE NO.
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ON
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DIVISION
Protect
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CIRCLE NO. 22 ON
108
tinuous, 1000 watts maximum. The rugged air cooled resistor eliminates the need for oil
coolant. An overload indicator lamp, coupled
through a thermal switch and a 9 -volt battery,
uses a back-up circuit to permit testing both
lamp and battery conditions.
Circle No.
84 on Reader Service
Card
85 on
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Electronics Librar}
VIDEO RECORDING
by Gordon White
Edition
by H. Charles Woodruff
recorder amplifiers. The text describes actual incircuit test equipment hookups and typical
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Published by RCA Commercial Engineering,
Harrison, NJ 07029. Soft cover. 352 pages.
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NAME
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FET APPLICATION
NOTE
ZIP
POLY-PLANAR IS
WEATHERPROOF
SOUND.
fi
I'
16 -pine
29 ON
GUIDE
43
tr
THE SPEAKER YOU DON'T
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VIDEO
USES
COLOR
STANDRAU
THIS
Intercon show held
PICTURE
AUDIO
PLAYER
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However, any single picture can be displayed for any multiple of 3.6 seconds. The
video information on the cassette displays
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A standard C -60 audio cassette can record
and store more than 1000 images in addition
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Operating the Color Picture Cassette
Player is not very different from operating
a conventional audio cassette deck. Once
the cassette is inserted into its slot, a pushbutton switch is depressed. All other operations are automatic, including tape motion
shutoff when play is finished. Individual
controls are provided for adjusting the volume of the audio tracks, while a pair of VU
meters monitor the audio playback level.
Piano -key controls are used for operating
the loading, play, pause, fast-forward, reO
wind, stop, and eject functions.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World
SALE
Stierplus Scene
By Alexander W. Burawa, Associate Editor
FOR
the addresses
Poly Paks, P.O. Box 942, South Lynn field, MA 01940. Transistors, diodes, triacs,
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JUNE 1973
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CIRCLE NO.
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.30
7402
.30
7403
.30
7404
.35
7405
.35
7410
.30
7411 ... .35
7420
.30
7422
.35
7426
.45
7430 ... .30
7440
.30
7441 ...1.50
7442 ...1.50
7445 ...1.50
7446
.1.50
7447
7448
7450
.30
7451
.30
7452
.30
7453
.30
7454
.30
7460
.30
7465
.35
.
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7480
7481
7483
7486
7490
7492
7494
7495
74107
74123
74153
74154
74161
74192
74193
74194
8570
8590
9309
9312
9322
,.1.00
..1.00
..1.25
..1.25
..1.30
..1.00
..1.10
-.1.10
..1.20
..1.50
..1.95
-.1.79
1/16
..1.95
..1.95
..1.95
..1.95
single
tor. $4.50
Send 5. 20
..52.95
5V
VERIPAX PC BOARD
This board is
TRANSISTOR SPECIALS
25V .SA 10
TO-5
3W
63
5/51.00
TO-66 35W 250V
2A 1OMNZ100Nfe $1.50
TO-18 .15W
7V .1A .300
40
/51.00
TO-5
.15W 24V .1A 14
125
5/51.00
TO-3
BOW 250V 10A
20
35
51.50
TO-82 150W 200V 7.SA .025
10
$1.45
TO-5
-8W 30V 1.A 250
60
3/51.00
TO-3 150W 60V 30A .2
30
$1.25
TO-220 36W 40V
4A .8
60
507
2N5296NPN Si TO-220 36W 40V 4A .8
60
556
2N4898 PNP Si TO-66 25W 40V
46
4A 40
S .60
MJ2251 NPN Si TO-66 101fil 225V .SA 10
40
S .70
2N3055 NPN Si TO-3 115W 100V 15A .2
44
$1.00
NIXIE TUBE
FULL WAVE BRIDGES
RAYTHEON 8754 WITH
PRV
2A
BA
SOCKET AND DATA SHEET $2.25 3/56.00
2001 .95 1.25
Printed circuit board 41/2 x 61.'2" double
400
1.15
1.50
sided fiber glass board I, 16 "thick, unetched.
600 1.35 1.75
S.60 ea. 5 $2.50
MAN -4 LED READOUT ..54.50
Silicon Power Rectifiers
2N3638 PNP Si
2N3584 NPN Si
2N965 PNP GE
2N1605 NPN GE
2N5324 PNP GE
2N1O15DNPN Si
2N3724 MPH Si
2N3772 NPN Si
2N6109 PNP Si
IA
.40
.70
.90
400 1.10
500 1.50
Press Fit
100
200
300
A C S
104
154 120As
1.00 '1.20
.70
1.10
1.35
1.60
2.00
1.50 1.60_
1.90'2.00
2.30
1
2.40
2.70 12.80
PRV
IA
3A
12A
50A
100
.06
.09
.30
.85
200
07 .16
.35
1.25
400
.09
.20
.45
1.50
600
.11
.30
.70 1.30
800
.15
.40
.8S
2.30
1000
.20
.55
1.10
2.75
Silicon Control Rectifiers
PRV
10A
20A
6A
70A
100 .30
.45 1.00
3.50
200 .50
.75 1.25
6.50
.90 1.50
300 .60
400 .70 1.10
1.75
9.50
500 .80 1.25 2.00
600 .90 1.40 2.25
11.00
....
...
T543 UJTs
ER
.50
FET's.. .50
60
900 Trigger Diodes 4/$1 00
21.43819 N Channel
1713T PBOG. UJT's
-7490
1-7475
1
$5.95
PA234 1 Watt
Audio Amps
$1.25
LM 309K SV
1 Amp Regulator
$2.25
741 OPER. AMP
S .50
709
95
77231 Regulator
5 .75
TVR -2002 high
power 723
SI.00
703RF IF Amp
5 .80
CA3065 FM TV Amp
$1.35
565 Phase Lock Loop
53.25
566 Function Gen.
53.25
567 Tone Lecoder
$3.25
560 Phase Lock Loop
53.25
561 Phase Lock Loop
53.25
555 2US to 1 Hour Timer $1.19
5558 Dual 741 (Mini Dip) .88
531 High Slew Oper Amp 52.50
536 FET Input Oo_r Amp $3.25
537 Precision 741
52.50
540 70W Power Driver
$2.04
747 Dual 741
51.25
51.95
5 .75
Oper
741CV Oper mAmp
S .55
320 -51./ Reg.
$1.75
320-15V Reg.
$1.75
424 -Zero Voltag^ Switch 51.25
Terms: FOB Cambridge. Mass.
Send check or Money Order. Include postage. Average Wt. per
package t/2 lb. No C.O.D -'s.
Minimum Order 53.00
Rated companies 30 days net
101
CIRCLE NO.
31
transistor. Experimental
NHSC,
nept.
Stockton,
ASSOCIATE DEGREE
IN
includ-
Free
A,
ELECTRONICS through
Auto-
Memorize, study
-"1973 Tests-Answersfor FCC
First
correspondence
INSTRUCTION
e
N.
and
Second
class
Radio-
$8.95.
39209.
IMO 111311131
gans
F.C.C. TYPE Exams Guaranteed to prepare you
1111111f
1060D
details. Compu-
Florida 33577.
SHORTCUTS To Success! Highly Effective, Profitable Short Courses.
(75 Choices). Study At Home. Diploma Awarded. Our 27th Year.
Free Literature. CIEE -D, Box 10634, Jackson, Miss. 39209.
TAPE RECORDING COURSE: Taught by studio engineers. Free information. NNA, Box 721R, Rye, New York 10580.
JUNE 1973
Christian
33302.
DEGREES
University,
P.O.
DIG ITAL:THEORY,DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION
LOGIC
NEWSLETTER
SAMPLE COPY $1.00
LOGIC NEWSLETTER
P08 252
WALD WI CK,N.J. 07463
CHIP' SALE
`CALCULATOR
NEW! 12 -DIGIT 'CALCULATOR ON A CHIP'
Similar to Mostek 5001. Outperforms Texas 8digit M51802. A 40 -pin DIP. Adds, multiplies.
subtracts, and divides. Use with 7-segment
WAS $12.95
PLASTICS
Description
28 -pin, ceramic, any readout,
64 -pins: /
, ceramic, any readout.
Mfrs
5311
5312
48
4-digits:
2 -digit ceramic, any readout,
s4-pIn. plan
!313
5314
Sale
S12.88
$12.88
512.88
\,.I
Il
tbt
es,
TRmpS
COUNTIN
\/R703C
SYSTEM
Inrl..d
90.
Sdri.er.
4i1
alirh.
r der
'.',e tot',
rJ 3
er
15
BUI) de-9
U,?
tor $10
71oc
SEGMENT
7READOUTS
Op amp
Di
$2.95
-
R[ADWUTST,
low,
amp
33 WATT AUDIO
AMPLIFIER BASIC
507405
507405
557400
557407
507408
0 50749
5117410
557411
0 557413
557415
557416
597417
557420
557421
5117422
p
5X7430
557432
.30
.30
.35
.32
.55
.55
.35
.35
.30
.33
.95
.65
.55
.85
.30
.35
.30
.37
.30
.60
.60
51174311
0 557440 .30
557441 1.40
]9
.39
....
.9S
Spa
Buy 100
507463 1.60
557465
507486
557489
557490
$57491
557492
657443 1.50
u 557450 .35 0 5117493
557494
.35
557401
55745
557433 35
557498
587454 .50
5574100
557455 .35
5574104
557460 .35
5574105
.50
0 557484
5574106
.50
557465
5574107
557470 .50
51174106
S07472 .5 0
5574112
557473 .65
5074114
557475 1.30
5074121
5117476 .76
5574122
557470 .9
5574123
557450 .75
17
557451 1.60
5147482 .95
5574140
1.41
.55
3.75
1.50
1.50
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.49
Take
I',
209.
5574151
5574153
5574154
5574155
5874156
511745
1.55
1.5S
5574160 1.95
1.95
1.95
1.95
3.50
3.30
1.20
4.S0
1.20
51474184 2.50
51174165 2.50
.55
.55
1.23
.00
5574161
51174162
5574163
5574160
5574165
5174180
5574161
5874182
1.25
1.25
1.25
.70
.75
1.20
.50
51174145 1.40
1.25
1.60
2.50
1.55
1.55
511741a56
5574194
5/04195
5574196
5574199
5574200
POLY PAKS
25
Repair air conditioning, refrigeration. Tools, supplies, full instructions. Doolin, 2016 Canton, Dallas, Texas 75201.
FREE CATALOGS.
HIGHLY
PROFITABLE
P.O. BOX
Mass. 01940
C )NE-MAN
ELECTRONIC FACTORY
request -ONLYNLY
;ears
CIRCLE NO.
Ind,
for
32S
3.10
.44
1.00
39
.49
Best
118
be
10%
5N744 1.35
58744 1.35
557445 1.35
587446 1.65
587447 1.4s
557442 1.35
.30
$87402
5X7403
25
25
325
$3.33
order b
Buy 3
Sol.
55740050.30
285
3 25
325
IAI
LarstSelection
geaa
T
TYPO
1.17
1.00
gar
2.04
2 SO
(A) .al
7415
comp
(Mini DIP)
1.s
74]CVDuala7
(A)
.44
7460 Fro. ad). 7aie I A I
748CV Freq. ad). 741C (mini DIP) .. .49
1 00
709 -709 Dual 7090 (DIP)
196
7]9 -739 Dual stereo Prmp
..1.00
741.741 Dual 741C IAI
.89
73450 Dual peripheral driver (DIP)
tAI TO 5 or DIP dual in line oak
LED
.I
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
3.95
(mini DIP)
LED-
2 SO
()
709CV
ASR
2 SO
$3.95
SLEEP
FREE
!:;:So
532
533
536
537
540
550
555
$18.'
-They
des
NIXIEr?F
FOR
ng
`A VV
$a50
3
HYPNOTISM
I.""Y
v sew -
.4lIt:l
-
NEw
8oldiCont.
C-1 PPS Output.
B-Output Strobe. D-BCD
$12.88
512.88
NATIONAL EQUALS ON
"DIGITAL CLOCK on a CHIP"
Illiii
MOVIE FILMS
1.85
1.95
1.35
2.85
2.85
9.99
14.,
5f
`O
Walnut Creek,
CA
94597.
World
GOVERNMENT SURPLUS
15005
NATIONAL MOS C
CALCULATOR ON
gnrersTO -3
DYNAMIC,6,71
81502
dual 50 bit 1.25
dual
dual
STATIC
11504
81505
MM550
dual
Boats,
bit
bit
bit
DIP
bit
provided.
Chips and data -- -57.95
Data only
1.00
(refundable)
emitting
10 -40ma @ 2V
845020 red
LEO
'39
,r.45
red
-70ma @ 2V
.45
82530
82533
82541
82542
82562
82567
FT. 7
INCH REEL,
input
$3.00 EACH
MIL
pswt
LED FL
.35
.35
.35
.35
.35
7405
7408
7410
74L10
742074307440
7441
7442
7446
7448
7450
40
.35
.35
.35
.35
.35
1.30
1.00
1.50
1.25
.35
7451
7453
7454
7460
7472
7473
7474
7476
.35
.35
.35
.35
.40
.55
.40
.55
7480
7483
7486
7489
7492
7493
7495
7410
7415
.50
1.15
.65
3.00
.90
.90
1.15
.55
2.50
2.00
1.00
7419,
7419.
LINEARS
1.00
2.50
LM30911
LM3091(
..
Ia1f11a171ac,W24,s3.00
Ten or more..2.50
gold or solder.
7401
7402
7403
7404
MIOL
100
All
CIRCLE NO.
AND ZONE.
as
.39 each
memory or use
sppecial
4 bit comparator
9
four
multiplexer
4 bit multiplexer
Din
35
full
rest of registers),
read
NE5556
NE560
741(MINI DIP)
.75
3.25
.45
747
1.10
709
710
711
723
.30
LM380(audio
.40
.40
1.00
1.75
amp)
CMOS
CD4001
CD4002
C04011
C04012
(916) 966 -2111 C04023
A
''LOrl
ELECTROflICS
8 input
red
7400 1Tl
A CHIP
has
3 CHIP
--___
entry).
CALCULATOR SET
This calculator set has
eight digitfloating point
with left hand entry.
It
-all
AM
differential
analog switch
2.50
MV-10B Visible
This chip
1.50
1.50
2.00
2.00
1.50
OTearing
MV-50
100
100
1024
dual 512
512
function memory.
Memory is
controlled by four keys, .M
(adds entry to memory), M
(subtract entry from, w,
CM (clear memory--without--
81506
815006
1115013
M15017
815016
.75
.75
.75
.75
.75
EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
RECORD
C.
Instructions, $2.00
classified $2.
Sims,
San Jose,
W1307, 94301.
TREASURE FINDERS
FREE -Valuable
California. Big
California
employers
directory,
$2.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
White's Electronics, Inc., would like to send you -absolutely FREE, their 42
page, fact -filled catalog on Mineral and Metal Locating Equipment. Amateurs or Professionals select from the world's largest
line of metal detectors, priced as low as $79.50, up. Detect
Gold, Silver, Copper- Nuggets, Coins, Jewelry, etc. Budget terms
available. For your convenience we have three major factory
locations in the U.S. and Canada, as well as over 1,000 authorized
dealers to serve you. See your local Yellow Pages, under "Metal
Locating Equipment ", or write: White's Electronics Inc., Room
No. 391, 1101 Pleasant Valley Road, Sweet Home, Oregon 97386
-Elk -Air Industrial Park, Dexter Drive, East, Elkhart, Indiana
46514
White's Electronics Ltd., 33784 Hazel Street, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada.
-or
FISHER
FR -L,
literature,
Write or call for free catalog. Phone (713) 682 -2728 day or
night. Dealer inquiries invited. Relco, Dept. A -33, Box 10839,
Houston, Texas 77018.
JUNE 1973
ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES
AND EQUIPMENT
PLATING
Equipment, Portable Platers, Supplies and "Know How." Build your own tanks for nickel, chrome, etc. Easy -toinstall PVC liners. Rectifier components
sizes. Schematics,
parts lists, formulas, operating instructions for all plating.
Guaranteed to save you 25%-75%. Some good units for sale.
Write for details. Platers Service Company, 1511 -PE Esperanza,
Los Angeles. Calif. 90023.
-all
REAL ESTATE
...
...
FREE
BIG 256 -page
SUMMER CATALOG! Describes and
pictures hundreds of farms, ranches, town and country homes,
business coast to coast! Specify type property and location preferred. UNITED FARM AGENCY, 612 -EP West 47th St, Kansas City,
Mo. 64112.
119
TUBES
SUPER 8 and 8mm Color or B &W Pro Sports Films for sale. Instant replay of '72 NFL, '72 Super Bowls, '72 NHL Stanley Cup,
BOOKS
Telephone: 212-633-2800.
FREE
TV
FREE book
International, Box
PERSONALS
TUBES
MAKE FRIENDS
RADIO & T.V. Tubes -36C each. Send for free Catalog. Cornell,
4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105.
WILL pay $5 for information on how to build very low frequency receiver (1 -20 cps). Burrows, 11618 NW 7th Ave.,
Miami, Fla. 33168.
WORLDWIDE through
international
correspon-
Biggest Discounts. Technicians, Hobbyists, Experimenters-Request FREE Giant Catalog and SAVE! ZALYTRON, 469 Jericho Turnpike, Mineola, N.Y. 11501.
parts and transmitting-receiving tubes, foreign 25C for giant catalog. Refunded first order.
United Radio Company, 56-P Perry Street, Newark, N.J. 07105.
SAVE money on
domestic. Send
/..
DO -IT- YOURSELF
PROFESSIONAL ELECTRONIC PROJECTS -$1.00 up. Catalog 35C.
PARKS, Box 15201A, Seattle, Wash. 98115.
WATERBEDS -Send 50C for plans and parts price
Furniture, P.O. Box 5652, Concord Calif. 94524.
MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
92028.
2/22.00
GRADE CAPACITORS
ea.
ea.
ea.
ea.
MUSIC
recording consideration.
Ell
6/7.00
6/9.00
5/9.00
6/9.00
SONGWRITERS! POETS!
SPIRITUAL_ & RELIGIOUS POEMS 8
SONGS WANTED FOR PUBLISHING
AND RECORDING BY CHAPEL
ORCHESTRA & CHOIR. WE PAY
ALL COSTS ON ACCEPTED SONGS!
CIRCLE NO.
120
ON
READER
list. Concord
01903
'
SERVICE CARD
Information: !Nrite
CHAPEL RECORDING CO.
BOX 162. Dept. PE
WOLLASTON, MASS. 02170
Popular Electronics
INCLUDING
Electronics World
JUNE 1973
ADVERTISERS INDEX
READER
SERVICE NO.
36
I
ADVERTISER
Altee
105
17
93
10
III
BSR (USA)
Babylon Electronics
Ltd.
Cobra Communications.
Crystek
10
II
Dynascan Corporation
20
McIntosh Laboratory.
21
71
39
37. 38. 39
22
EICO
Inc.
87
13
85
108
SECOND COVER, I, 2.
115
Inc..
11I
18, 19,
23
25
Poly
26
Radio
27
28
Sansui
29
79
7
15
.119
-.36.
Inc.
107
Bose
37
FOURTH COVER
13
B & K
PAGE NO.
ADVERTISER
Johnson
READER
SERVICE NO.
PAGE NO.
20. 21
79
Paks
118
120
Shack
67
Ill
17
108
Electronics Corp.
12
35
Edwards
14
106
30
15
114
31
16
Heath
24.25
34
Electronics
Company
122
115
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
95
I I I
10.
117
107
114.
115.
116. 117,
121
RUBBER STAMPS
MISCELLANEOUS
WINEMAKERS: Free illustrated catalog yeasts, equipment. Sem
plex, Box 12276P, Minneapolis, Minn. 55412.
1972
JUNE 1973
HANDBOOK
ELECTRONIC 148
pages of the most fascinating and chalEXPERIMENTER'S
H A N G s u o K lenging electronics construction projects for
hobbyists. Each one lab- tested by the editors,
complete with parts list, easy ''how- to- do -it,
how -it- works" instructions, and many with actual size PC foil patterns and I.C. diagrams!
$1.25.... #2
1973 Spring
Winter
1971 Spring
1971 Winter
1970 Spring
$1.25.... #40
$1.50....#26
$1.50....#33
$1.50.... #14
-/ _
MI MIN
11111MI
maa
MINN ammi
'...
contains
'
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
30
Stock
pYex
Plea led
`,
ftliliti
1,_11
tool,
_blank.
diagonal
ago n
fT
an
and
"FISH" WITH
IIII. ilk
No. 1635AV
BIG
no
GIANT MAGNET
11111
"-
__ _
0111111
rrOr
abrasives,
mirror
$15.75 Ppd.
1.1.1 1111111
sow 0.1
SEE
THE STARS.
3" ASTRONOMICAL
MOON, PLANETS
CLOSE UP!
REFLECTING TELESCOPE
60
fascinating planet
Included FREE:
VALUABLE
$16.50 Ppd.
I.
164 PAGES
(51/2
GIANT FREE
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To 180
$6.95 Ppd.
KNOW YOUR
ALPHA FROM THETA!
OR
M.O.
EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO
300 Edscorp Budding, Barrington. N.1. 08007
How
Total
Price Each
Description
MORE THAN
I
1
PLEASE SENO
1.
30 DAY
08007
MONEY-BACK
AV'.
GUARANTEE
YOU MUST BE SATISFIED
I Name
MERCHANDISE Total
HANDLING CHARGE
"
cneck
enclose
money order for
NAME
OR
Address
ADDRESS
CITY
Lty
State
2,13
CIRCLE NO.
122
$1.000
TOTAL $
12
STATE_
ZIP
opular Electronics
INCLUDING
Electronics World
EADER SERVICE
ere's an easy and convenient way for you to get additional informaon about products advertised or mentioned editorially (if it has a
ader service number) in this issue. Just follow the directions below...
nd the material will be sent to you promptly and free of charge.
the attached
stage- free card,
rant or type your
ame and address
the Unes
dicated.
FREE INFORMATION
for
markable
listening
stereo
headphone
xperience
owners!
...
MUSIC IN BINAURAL. The musical performances presented on the Binaural Demonstration Record transport
you to the concert hall for a demonstration of a wide variety of mus lc. Selections total 23 minutes, and include
examples of jazz, organ, and chamber music.
Although headphones are necessary to appreciate the near total realism of binaural recording, the record can also be
played and enjoyed on conventional stereo systems.
Only $5.98
HERE'S HOW TO ORDER YOUR BINAURAL DEMONSTRATION RECORD
cording method. The super -realism of binaural record g is accomplished by recording the acoustical input for
ach ear separately, and then playing it back through
tereo headphones. Thus the sound intended for the left
ar cannot mix with the sound for the right ear, and vice
ersa.
linaural recording offers the listener the identical acousIcal perspective and instrument spread of the original.
he sound reaching each ear is exactly the same as would
The
professional
monitor: Duo -Sc
THROUGH HALF A CENTURY OF EXPERIENC
iUHIUN
13 ON
$169.95
$179.95
$139.95
$159.95