Curly plumeless thistle (Carduus crispus) Flower, Leaf, Care, Uses

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Curly plumeless thistle

Carduus crispus

Also known as : Welted thistle, Plumeless thistle

Curly plumeless thistle (Carduus crispus), also known as welted thistle, is a biennial herb from Europe and Asia. In spite of its appearance, it is a member of the daisy family. After being imported to North America, it spread and is considered a noxious weed. Curly plumeless thistle is a favorite of painted lady caterpillars and honeybees.

Hardiness Zones

6 to 9

Care Guide for Curly plumeless thistle

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Soil Care

Sand, Loam, Clay, Chalky, Acidic

Details on Soil Care

Ideal Lighting

Full sun

Details on Sunlight Requirements

Ideal Temperature

6 to 9

Details on Temperature

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Curly plumeless thistle

Water

Every week

Sunlight

Full sun

Questions About Curly plumeless thistle

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Curly plumeless thistle?

When watering the Curly plumeless thistle, you should aim to use filtered water that is at room temperature. Filtered water is better for this plant, as tap water can contain particles that are harmful to its health. The reason that the water should be at room temperature or slightly warmer is that the Curly plumeless thistle comes from a warm environment, and cold water can be somewhat of a shock to its system. Also, you should avoid overhead watering for this plant, as it can cause foliage complications. Instead, simply apply your filtered room temperature water to the soil until the soil is entirely soaked. Soaking the soil can be very beneficial for this plant as it moistens the roots and helps them continue to spread through the soil and collect the nutrients they need.

What should I do if I water my Curly plumeless thistle too much or too little?

Both overwatering and underwatering will be detrimental to the health of your Curly plumeless thistle, but overwatering is a far more common issue. When this species receives too much water, its stems and leaves may begin to wilt and turn from green to yellow. Overwatering over a prolonged period may also lead to diseases such as root rot, mold, and mildew, all of which can kill your plant. Underwatering is far less common for the Curly plumeless thistle, as this plant has decent drought tolerance. However, underwatering remains a possibility, and when it occurs, you can expect to find that the leaves of your Curly plumeless thistle have become brittle and brown. It is crucial that you notice the signs of overwatering as soon as possible when caring for your Curly plumeless thistle. Some of the diseases that arise from overwatering, such as root rot, may not be correctable if you wait too long. If you see early signs of overwatering, you should reduce your watering schedule immediately. You may also want to assess the quality of soil in which your Curly plumeless thistle grows. If you find that the soil drains very poorly, you should replace it immediately with a loose, well-draining potting mix. On the other hand, if you find signs that your Curly plumeless thistle is receiving too little water, all you need to do is water more regularly until those signs have subsided.

How often should I water my Curly plumeless thistle?

If your plant is in a pot. The most precise way to decide whether your Curly plumeless thistle needs water is to plunge your finger into the soil. If you notice that the first two to three inches of soil have become dry, it is time to add some water. If you grow your Curly plumeless thistle outdoors in the ground, you can use a similar method to test the soil. Again, when you find that the first few inches of soil have dried out, it is time to add water. During the spring and early fall, this method will often lead you to water this plant about once every week. When extremely hot weather arrives, you may need to increase your watering frequency to about twice or more per week. With that said, mature, well-established the Curly plumeless thistle can show an admirable ability to withstand drought.

How much water does my Curly plumeless thistle need?

When it comes time to water your Curly plumeless thistle, you should not be shy about how much water you give. With the first two to three inches of soil dry, this plant will appreciate a long and thorough watering. Supply enough water to soak the soil entirely. The amount of water you add should be enough to cause excess water to flow through the drainage holes at the bottom of your pot. If you don’t see excess water draining from the pot, you have likely underwatered your plant. But do not let the water accumulate inside the soil, which will be very dangerous to the plant as well. Alternatively, a lack of water draining through the pot could indicate poorly draining soils, which is detrimental to the health of this plant and should be avoided. If the plant is outside, 1 inch of rain per week will be sufficient.

How should I water my Curly plumeless thistle at different growth stages?

The water needs of the Curly plumeless thistle can change depending on growth stages as well. For example, when your Curly plumeless thistle is in the first few years of its life, or if you have just transplanted it to a new growing location, you will need to give more water than usual. During both of those stages, your Curly plumeless thistle will put a lot of energy towards sprouting new roots that will then support future growth. For those roots to perform their best, they need a bit more moisture than they would at a more mature phase. After a few seasons, your Curly plumeless thistle will need much less water. Another growth stage in which this plant may need more water is during the bloom period. Flower development can make use of a significant amount of moisture, which is why you might need to give your Curly plumeless thistle more water at this time.

How should I water my Curly plumeless thistle through the seasons?

The Curly plumeless thistle will have its highest water needs during the hottest months of the year. During the height of summer, you may need to give this plant water more than once per week, depending on how fast the soil dries out. The opposite is true during the winter. In winter, your plant will enter a dormant phase, in which it will need far less water than usual. In fact, you may not need to water this plant at all during the winter months. However, if you do water during winter, you should not do so more than about once per month. Watering too much at this time will make it more likely that your Curly plumeless thistle will contract a disease.

What's the difference between watering my Curly plumeless thistle indoors and outdoors?

It is most common to grow the Curly plumeless thistle indoors for any gardener that does not live in temperate and tropical regions. Those gardeners should consider the fact that soil in a container can dry out a bit faster than ground soil. Also, the presence of drying elements such as air conditioning units can cause your Curly plumeless thistle to need water on a more frequent basis as well. if you planted it outside. When that is the case, it’s likely you won’t need to water your Curly plumeless thistle very much at all. If you receive rainfall on a regular basis, that may be enough to keep your plant alive. Alternatively, those who grow this plant inside will need to water it more often, as allowing rainwater to soak the soil will not be an option.

Is pruning necessary for my Curly plumeless thistle?

It is helpful to lightly prune this plant periodically during the spring and summer. When performing this light pruning, you should search for leaves that have wilted, become discolored, show signs of disease, or have died completely. Remove dead or damaged leaves by cutting their petioles, or trimming off stems that have died. This will increase the light and ventilation of the plant and help it to grow. Some gardeners also choose to remove the flower buds of the Curly plumeless thistle. However, removing flower buds before they open is a strictly aesthetic decision that will emphasize the beauty of this plant’s showy leaves.

When should I prune my Curly plumeless thistle?

You can prune your Curly plumeless thistle any time you notice dead, diseased, or damaged leaves during the growing season. Once you notice such a leave, locate an unwanted leaf, then follow its stem all the way to the bottom of petiole. Removing dead stems will increase the light and ventilation of the plant and help it to grow. you can cut its stem just above the soil’s surface to remove it. Such pruning can take place as needed during spring and summer. Also, this plant can bloom any time between spring and fall, and some gardeners choose to remove flower buds before they have a chance to open. Removing unopened flower buds allows this plant to focus most of its growing energy on its beautiful leaves. However, pruning in this manner does not necessarily influence the plant’s overall health.

How do I prune my Curly plumeless thistle?

Pruning the Curly plumeless thistle is as easy as waiting until you notice dead or damaged leaves on your plant. When you recognize these leaves, equip yourself with a pair of sharp and sterile hand pruning shears. Hand pruning shears will work best as larger tools like loppers will not be well suited to the precise cuts you need to make. Once you have a proper set of pruning tools, locate an unwanted leaf, then follow its stem all the way to the bottom of petiole. Removing dead stems will increase the light and ventilation of the plant and help it to grow. Cut the stem just above where it exits the soil to remove it entirely. If you wish to stop this plant from flowering, you can use the same pruning shears to remove any buds before they open. Finally, you may prefer to just trim off dead or damaged portions of the plant, including deadheading spent flowers, to keep it looking its best. This can be done at any time of year. Diseased or damaged stems should be cut right at the soil line and removed completely. Blooms should be cut off just below the flower head.

What should I do after pruning my Curly plumeless thistle?

Since pruning for the Curly plumeless thistle should take place periodically throughout the season, what you do after pruning can vary. For instance, if you prune to remove selected leaves and stems from your Curly plumeless thistle, you won’t need to do anything except continue your regular maintenance routine. At times, you may choose to remove healthier leaves and include them in a display of cut flowers and foliage. However, there is no crucial maintenance task to perform for this plant after typical pruning. The only thing to note is that when watering after pruning, you need to be careful not to touch the wound to prevent fungus from infecting the plant through the fresh wound. Placing Curly plumeless thistle in a well-ventilated location will also help the wounds to dry out and heal in time. The timely replenishment of Curly plumeless thistle after pruning will help the Curly plumeless thistle to recover as soon as possible.

Are there any important tips when pruning my Curly plumeless thistle?

For your major pruning, use sharp pruning sheers that will make clean cuts to avoid damaging your plants. As you are pruning your Curly plumeless thistle, step back occasionally to check the appearance of the plant to make sure it has the shape you want and that you are pruning it symmetrically. If the overall growth of the plant is weak, the flowers need to be pruned back in time for flowering to be able to save nutrients for leaf growth and allow the plant to grow more vigorously.

How much sunlight should Curly plumeless thistle get per day to grow healthily?

You must expose the plants to at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight daily. They prefer more exposure to the morning light, especially in the summer. The Curly plumeless thistle needs full sun and more sunlight that it can get. The more light these species get, the more they can manufacture food, produce beautiful blooms, and survive.

What type of sunlight does Curly plumeless thistle need?

The Curly plumeless thistle grows best under full sunlight. It's best not to crowd them together so they can get exposure to the sun evenly. The leaves shouldn't be starved with sunlight. If planted in pots, try to expose the herbaceous flowers in windows with direct sun and ensure they receive full sunlight regardless of the months. They don't tend to do well in partial or filtered light as this will not produce strong stems and healthy flowers. It's best if the Curly plumeless thistle is always exposed to the sun.

Can sunlight hurt plants? How to protect Curly plumeless thistle from sun and heat damage?

When the temperature rises above 90℉(32℃), the Curly plumeless thistle can get damaged by extreme temperatures, especially if they are exposed to many hours of sun. It's always ideal for providing some shade from the light in the afternoon in the summer. It's always important to keep in mind that the sunlight in the summer is stronger than the one in the winter. Sunlight exposure is also 50% longer in the summer than in the winter. If the Curly plumeless thistle is too stressed with sunlight, you might want to keep them fully hydrated. Water them when the top of the soil is about 2 inches dry, and move the plants indoors if it's too hot outside. This is the case if they are planted in containers. It can be normal for the plant leaves to wilt during the day. Generally, they can recover at night. However, when you notice that the Curly plumeless thistle is still drooping, this means that the plant is losing water fast, and you need to water them.

Should I protect Curly plumeless thistle from sun exposure?

The Curly plumeless thistle does not need any protection from the sun. In fact, they love the sun, and some species are heliotropic. Plant them in south-facing gardens whenever possible so they can be exposed from morning to afternoon. While the sun can benefit them, some may experience a sunburn. You might offer protection from the afternoon and midday sun through a shade of a tree or a wall. Growing the Curly plumeless thistle in shady areas is impossible because the larger flowers would require a lot of energy to grow and produce. Always provide the lighting conditions and set them in an area with full sun for best results.

What will happen if Curly plumeless thistle gets inadequate sunlight?

When the Curly plumeless thistle does not get adequate sunlight, or they are not placed in full sun locations, it's worth noting that the photosynthetic process will slow down. A lack of sunlight will cause the stems to become more leggy since they become thin and long since they tend to seek too much sunlight. They will not bloom and produce seeds in the shade. Inadequate sunlight will also mean that the older leaves can die, the color of the new ones is lighter than the old foliage, and the new growth is smaller than the last ones. The Curly plumeless thistle indeed loves the sun so much. However, they can wilt when exposed to excessive heat and ultraviolet light during the extreme summer months, so be careful. You might want to cover them with a net that has a green shade, especially in the summer, to prevent the leaves and the flowers from scorching. When they are indoors, reduce the heat with the help of a fan.

Does Curly plumeless thistle need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

When the Curly plumeless thistle is growing, they need more light than their mature counterparts. The younger ones should receive adequate light, but they might not be prepared for sudden full sunlight, especially if they are grown in a nursery. They can be more sensitive to the summer sun, so the lighting should be gradual and slow.

How much light does Curly plumeless thistle need for photosynthesis?

During summer or late spring, the Curly plumeless thistle needs 6 to 8 hours of direct light every single day. This is whether they are planted outdoors. If the Curly plumeless thistle is planted in pots or you're growing them in the winter, they need direct fluorescent lights that help them grow better. Make sure to place them in an indoor area where they are facing south or east so they can have enough sunlight for photosynthesis.

Are there any cautions or tips for sunlight and Curly plumeless thistle?

When transplanting the plants, they should not be exposed to sudden sunlight. Give the Curly plumeless thistle to grow and mature before transplanting outside. Some species of herbaceous plants can grow taller and might cast a shade on other young plants. Allow between 80 to 100 days of growing season before planting another batch to ensure that every plant receives more than enough sunlight for at least 6 hours a day. Make sure that the Curly plumeless thistle receives the best light possible, especially if it's planted in a nursery. These are sun-loving plants, but too much sunlight with a very hot temperature is also detrimental to their growth. Indoor lights should be replaced with natural sunlight as much as possible since these species crave this every day.

What is the optimal temperature for Curly plumeless thistle?

The best temperature for Curly plumeless thistle depends on the time of year. There are two primary seasons to discuss for temperature: the growing season, and the dormancy season. During the growing season, once Curly plumeless thistle has begun to sprout, the ideal temperature range should be anywhere from 65~80℉(18~27℃). Any colder than 15℉(-10℃), and the plant will suffer; its leaves may brown and wilt, but if this is a short cold snap, then Curly plumeless thistle may be able to survive with some help. During the warmer parts of the year, Curly plumeless thistle will need to be similarly protected from temperatures that are too high. 95-105℉ (35-40℃) is the top of this plant’s temperature range, and anything above that will compromise the integrity of the foliage and blooms of Curly plumeless thistle. Hotter temperatures can cause wilting, drooping, and even sunburn on the leaves, which can be difficult for Curly plumeless thistle to recover from. There are quite a few ways to combat this issue that are quick and easy!

Temperature requirements for first year or seedling Curly plumeless thistle

If this is the first year of your Curly plumeless thistle outside as a new plant, then it may need a little extra tending during the coldest months of the year. Not only can frost more severely damage a first-year Curly plumeless thistle, but it can also prevent it from growing back as a healthy plant come spring. This plant needs to be kept at 40℉(5℃) or above when they’re not yet established, which can be done either by bringing your Curly plumeless thistle inside for a month or two, or putting up mulch or fabric barriers that protect from frost damage. It’s also a good idea to plant Curly plumeless thistle in a shadier spot during the first year or two, as smaller and weaker plants have a more difficult time maintaining their own temperatures in the heat. First-year Curly plumeless thistle should receive no more than five hours of direct sunlight per day, particularly if the ambient daytime temperature gets above 80℉(27℃). Shadecloth and frequent watering or misting are the keys to summer heat control.

How can I protect Curly plumeless thistle from extreme temperatures?

If cold temperatures (below 15℉(-10℃)) do occur during the growing season, there are a few measures you can take to help protect Curly plumeless thistle from frost or cold damage. If you’re growing Curly plumeless thistle in a container, then the container can simply be brought inside in bright, indirect light until the temperatures rise up over the lower threshold again. Another option that’s better suited for ground-planted Curly plumeless thistle is to use mulch or horticultural fabric to create an insulated barrier around the plant, which will protect the plant from frost and cold wind. For temperatures that are hotter than 80℉(27℃) in the shade during the day, be careful to only expose Curly plumeless thistle to six hours or less of sunlight per day, preferably in the morning hours. Putting up shade cloth, or a fine plastic mesh, can help reduce the amount of direct sunlight that hits the plant during the hottest parts of the day. You can also install a misting system that allows for a slow release of cooling mist around the base of the plant during the day to lower ground temperatures.

Dormant season temperature recommendations for Curly plumeless thistle

During the cold winter months, Curly plumeless thistle needs a certain measure of cold in order to stay in dormancy until it’s time to sprout. Sprouting too early, that is before the danger of the last frost has passed, can be fatal to Curly plumeless thistle, especially if it’s already had a head start when the frost hits. Winter temperatures should ideally stay below 32℉(0℃), but if they get up to 40℉(5℃), everything will be just fine. An unexpected warm spell during the cold months, which can happen in more temperate climates like woodland rainforests, can trigger a premature sprout from Curly plumeless thistle. In this case, if there’s still imminent danger of frost, you may want to try covering it with clear plastic on stakes so that the cold has less of a chance of damaging the new sprout. This setup can be removed when the danger of frost has passed. Occasionally, Curly plumeless thistle will be able to resprout at the correct time without any help, but this method increases the chances of a successful second sprouting.

Why do I need to fertilize my Curly plumeless thistle?

Nitrogen and potassium are needed to fuel rapid foliage growth—Curly plumeless thistle are known for their colorful, leafy foliage—and root development to anchor them into the soil. Nitrogen also promotes taller, fuller plants.

When is the best time to fertilize my Curly plumeless thistle?

Curly plumeless thistle are classified as heavy feeders that require lots of nutrients because of their fast growth, large leaves, and high water content. They need fertilizer throughout the growing season (from germination until senescence), or you will see deficiency symptoms appear, and the plant's growth will be affected. It was once thought that when Curly plumeless thistle began to turn colors in the fall, their nutrient needs dropped considerably, and you could reduce or stop fertilizer applications. Research has proven that small amounts of nitrogen fertilizer are beneficial after maturity—it won’t affect coloration significantly and will keep the bottom leaves from turning yellow and dropping off.

When should I avoid fertilizing my Curly plumeless thistle?

At times, fertilizer can be harmful to Curly plumeless thistle instead of helpful, especially if the plant is stressed for another reason. Avoid fertilizing if Curly plumeless thistle is struggling with diseases (leaf spot, black rot, or blackleg) or insect problems like aphids, spider mites, or whiteflies. The addition of fertilizer will further weaken the plant's defenses, making it more vulnerable to other pest problems or disease infections. Avoid fertilizing when the soil surface has hardened or become too dry. In this instance, plants are at a greater risk of fertilizer burn on their roots. Water the potting soil to get it slightly moist, and then fertilize.

What type of fertilizer does my Curly plumeless thistle need?

Fertilizers contain high levels of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, along with other essential nutrients such as iron, manganese and zinc. These are all necessary elements that promote growth in Curly plumeless thistle. A balanced fertilizer works well for Curly plumeless thistle, for example an all-purpose fertilizer with a 10-10-10 NPK number. For natural fertilizers, blood meal or worm castings work well. You may also choose a fertilizer that is higher in nitrogen than other nutrients, such as fish fertilizer. Nitrogen provides support to leaves, which are the main feature that people want from Curly plumeless thistle. There is no point in providing a lot of supplements for flowers or seeds if that is not your purpose in growing the plant.

How do I fertilize my Curly plumeless thistle?

If you are growing container plants, and your potting soil has slow-release fertilizer in it, you don't need to fertilize the seeds when planting. This initial fertilizer, coupled with the nutrient reserves in the seed’s endosperm, is enough for the first couple of weeks. If your potting soil doesn't have fertilizer, mix a small amount of a slow-release starter fertilizer into the potting mix before filling containers. When plants are about four weeks old, start fertilizing them every two weeks at one-third to one-half the recommended rate listed on the product label. Continue this schedule until Curly plumeless thistle reaches full maturity. At that point, you can reduce fertilization to once every three to four weeks at the same diluted strength or fertilize at one-quarter of the recommended rate every two weeks.

What happens if I fertilize my Curly plumeless thistle too much?

Fertilizers contain salts, and when overapplied, these salts can draw moisture out of the plants, causing fertilizer burn. Common signs of fertilizer burn include browning of leaf edges or leaf scorch—they look like they’ve been burned. If you suspect you have overfertilized your Curly plumeless thistle, acting quickly is essential. You can’t repair fertilizer damage, but you must remove excess fertilizer to prevent further problems. Remove any visible fertilizer on the potting soil surface, and spray the foliage to wash off any residue. Prune off leaves showing fertilizer burn, and flush the pots with plenty of clean water to push the excess fertilizer (and its salts) out of the root zone. You can also repot your plants into fresh potting soil.

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Key Facts About Curly plumeless thistle

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Attributes of Curly plumeless thistle

Lifespan

Biennial, Annual

Plant Type

Herb

Bloom Time

Summer, Early fall

Plant Height

50 cm to 1.2 m

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

2.5 cm to 5 cm

Flower Color

Purple

Pink

Stem Color

Green

Leaf type

Evergreen

Ideal Temperature

20 - 35 ℃

Scientific Classification of Curly plumeless thistle

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Asters bellflowers fanflowers and allies

Family

Daisy

Genus

Plumeless thistles

Species

Curly plumeless thistle

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Common Pests & Diseases About Curly plumeless thistle

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Common issues for Curly plumeless thistle based on 10 million real cases

Underwatering

Leaves may wilt for a variety of reasons.

Solutions: The easiest (and most obvious) way to address underwatering is to fully hydrate the plant. However, this must be done carefully. A common mistake that many gardeners make is to douse their underwatered plants with water. This can overwhelm the roots of the plant and shock its system, something that can be even more damaging than the lack of water to begin with. Instead, water thoroughly and slowly, taking breaks to let the water slowly saturate through the soil to get to the roots. Use room temperature water, as cold water might be too much of a shock. In the future, shorten the time between waterings. A good rule of thumb is to check the soil around each plant daily. If it’s dry to at least two inches down, it’s time to water. If a container plant is repeatedly drying out very quickly, repotting into a slower-draining container might be a good idea, too.

Fruit withering

Fungal infection or normal ripening can cause the fruit to dry out.

Solutions: There are a number of appropriate solutions to control fruit withering: Remove any fruit as soon as it shows any signs of infection. Do not compost. Use a fungicide prior to leaf bud and then as per manufacturers instructions throughout the season.

Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew is a white mold that appears on leaves. It can be wiped away.

Solutions: As powdery Mildew spores are transported by the wind, it can be tricky to put a complete stop to the spread of the fungus. Luckily, there are several easy treatments for plants that are exhibiting symptoms: If powdery Mildew seems to be impacting isolated leaves or stems, they can simply be trimmed away and disposed of. Disinfect pruning tools after doing this. Remove any plant debris from the ground around the infected plants and dispose of it in the garbage. Then, cover the soil with a thick layer of mulch to limit reinfection. Milk sprays have been found to be useful in controlling powdery Mildew. Make up a spray consisting of 60% water and 40% milk and spray on the affected plants. This can also be used as a preventative measure. In cases where powdery Mildew is more widespread, plants can be sprayed with a mild sulfur- or copper-based fungicide or a non-toxic solution made from baking soda and soap. Sprays can help areas that have been recently infected, though they are less effective against well-established infections. If possible, try transplanting the plants to a sunnier location. Though powdery Mildew does fine in hot, dry conditions, it is unable to reproduce without some humidity. Putting plants in more direct sunlight can help stop the spread of the fungus. Trimming around closely-packed plants can help improve airflow, which also prevents the reproduction of the fungus.

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Distribution of Curly plumeless thistle

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Habitat of Curly plumeless thistle

Waste ground, Cultivated fields and roadsides

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Curly plumeless thistle

Curly plumeless thistle is a thistle native to regions in Europe and has since spread to parts of Asia and North America. It thrives in temperate climates and is often found in areas with disturbed soil. Curly plumeless thistle is not just naturally occurring but is also cultivated in various regions, broadening its presence beyond its original range.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Curly Plumeless Thistle Growth and Care

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Basic Care Guide

Lighting

Full sun

The curly plumeless thistle thrives in areas exposed to the sun for most of the day which contribute significantly to its robust growth. Its place of origin typically features abundant natural light. Excessive exposure could lead to stress, while too little could stunt growth and reduce health.

Best Sunlight Practices

Temperature

0 - 38 ℃

Curly plumeless thistle is naturally accustomed to temperate climates, thriving in temperature ranges of 68 to 95 °F (20 to 35 ℃). In colder seasons, small adjustments in atmospheric heating may be required to maintain warmth and support growth.

Temp for Healthy Growth

Plants Related to Curly plumeless thistle

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Coastal plain joe pye weed

Eutrochium dubium is a herbaceous perennial plant herb sometimes as much as 1.7 m tall. Stems are sometimes purple, sometimes green with purple spots. The plant produces numerous flower heads in flat-topped arrays, each head has 4-10 dark purple (rarely pink or white) disc florets but no ray florets.

Clustered dock

Clustered dock (Rumex conglomeratus) was introduced to North America from Europe and Asia. It is usually found in damp areas, alongside streams or ponds. It contains quite high levels of oxalic acid, which gives the leaves a sour taste and can cause oxalate poisoning in cattle.

Clasping heliotrope

Clasping heliotrope (Heliotropium amplexicaule) is indigenous to South America and is an invasive weed everywhere else on the planet. However, some people grow it their gardens because of its pretty lavender-colored flowers. The genus name comes from the Greek words “helio” (meaning sun) and “tropi,” meaning “to turn.” The ancient Greeks mistakenly believed that this flower and other heliotropes followed the sun.

Chinese firethorn

Chinese firethorn (Pyracantha fortuneana) is a perennial, evergreen shrub named for its sharp, needle-like thorns. Native to China, it will grow to 4.5 m tall and 3 m wide. Its limber branches make it a good choice for espalier. Blooms profusely in spring with small, white flowers, followed by orange berries that ripen in fall. Prefers hot climates.

Chickweed wintergreen

Chickweed wintergreen grows throughout boreal regions of Europe and Asia. Its leaves are pale green, but they turn to copper-red as the season progresses. Chickweed wintergreen grows in young forests, mostly in acidic soil.

Cherry silverberry

Cherry silverberry is a shrub or small tree that grows in thin woodland, hillsides, and dense shrubbery. It has a symbiotic relationship with Frankia, a bacteria, which provides cherry silverberry with nitrogen. It is a high attractor of bees and is great to use for dappled shade or hedging in the garden.

Poison ivy

In pop culture, poison ivy is a symbol of an obnoxious weed because, despite its unthreatening looks, it gives a highly unpleasant contact rash to the unfortunate person who touches it. Still, it is commonly eaten by many animals, and the seeds are a favorite with birds. The leaves turn bright red in fall. Its sister species, Western poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii), is not considered to be invasive in the United States, but is noxious in Australia and New Zealand.

Pokeweed

Although its berries look juicy and tempting, the fruits and the root of pokeweed are toxic and should not be eaten. Pokeweed is considered a pest species by farmers but is nevertheless often grown as an ornamental plant. Its berries can be made into pokeberry ink as well.

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Curly plumeless thistle

Carduus crispus

Also known as: Welted thistle, Plumeless thistle

Hardiness Zones

6 to 9

Care Guide for Curly plumeless thistle

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Soil Care

Sand, Loam, Clay, Chalky, Acidic

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