This pdf of your paper in Onomatologos: Studies in Greek Personal Names presented to Elaine Matthews belongs to the publishers Oxbow Books and it is their copyright. As author you are licenced to make up to 50 offprints from it, but beyond that you may not publish it on the World Wide Web until three years from publication (July 2013), unless the site is a limited access intranet (password protected). If you have queries about this please contact the editorial department at Oxbow Books (editorial@oxbowbooks.com). ONOMATOLOGOS Studies in Greek Personal Names presented to Elaine Matthews edited by R. W. V. Catling and F. Marchand with the assistance of M. Sasanow OnOmATOlOgOs studies in greek Personal names presented to Elaine matthews Elaine Matthews OnOmATOlOgOs studies in greek Personal names presented to Elaine matthews edited by R. W. V. Catling and F. marchand with the assistance of m. sasanow τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες; who are you and where from? where are your city and your parents? (Homer, Odyssey i 170 and passim) This book has been published with the help of generous financial subventions from the following bodies and institutions: The Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford st Hilda’s College, Oxford The Craven Committee (Derby Fund), Faculty of Classics, Oxford The Jowett Copyright Trust, Balliol College, Oxford The society for the Promotion of Roman studies, london All souls College, Oxford The Aurelius Trust The British school at Athens ἵδρυται Πέτρῳ θησαυρὸς ἐπ’ ἀστυφελίκτῳ ἔνθα συνείλικται πουλυετεὶ καμάτῳ οὐνόμαθ’ Ἑλλήνων ἀπ’ Ἄβας εἰς Ὠφελίωνα πάντων καὶ πασῶν, παντοπαδῶν τε τόπων. ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐκτελέσαι τόσον ἔργον ἂν αὐτὸς ὁ Πέτρος ἔσθενε μοῦνος ἐών· σὺν δὲ δύ’ ἐρχομένω ἠνυσάτην, ἀγαθὴν δὲ συνέργατιν εὗρε πόνοιο Τελχίνων τέχνας εὖ μὲν ἐπισταμένην βιβλίον αἷσι τὸ νῦν συντάττειν ἔστιν ἀμοχθί εὖ δὲ φιλοφροσύνην, εὖ δὲ δόσιν Χαρίτων, ἧς ἀτὲρ οὐ τόσος ηὐξήθη θησαυρὸς ἂν ὥστε οὐνομάτων πλήθει καὐτὸς ἔχειν ὄνομα. χαῖρε, φίλη, μνῆμ’ ἐκτελέσασ’ ὀνομάκλυτον ὄντως, ἡμετέρας δὲ δέχου τάσδ’ ὀλίγας χάριτας. Robert Parker Published by Oxbow Books, Oxford © Oxbow Books and the individual authors, 2010 IsBn 978-1-84217-982-6 This book is available direct from Oxbow Books Phone: 01865-241249; Fax: 01865-794449 and The David Brown Book Company PO Box 511, Oakville, CT 06779, UsA Phone: 860-945-9329; Fax: 860-945-9468 or from our website www.oxbowbooks.com Cover image: Cornelian ringstone, 3rd century BC. Private Collection. A woman writing on a diptych; possibly a poetess, wearing a chiton with himation, with one foot resting on a box (possibly for scrolls). © Beazley Archive, Oxford University (Photo: C. Wagner) Printed in great Britain by short Run Press, Exeter COnTEnTs Foreword Editorial notes general Abbreviations About the Contributors 1. xi xiv xv xxvii Elaine matthews: an appreciation Alan Bowman (Oxford) 1 AEgEAn IslAnDs 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. simonides of Eretria (redivivus?) Ewen Bowie (Oxford) Phaistos sybritas. An unpublished inscription from the Idaean Cave and personal names deriving from ethnics Angelos Chaniotis (Oxford) l’apport des mémoriaux de Claros à l’onomastique de Chios Jean-Louis Ferrary (Paris) Carian names and Crete (with an Appendix by n. V. sekunda) Richard Hitchman (Oxford) ménédème de Pyrrha, proxène de Delphes: contribution épigraphique à l’histoire d’un philosophe et de sa cité Denis Knoepfler (Neuchâtel and Paris) 6 15 22 45 65 CYPRUs 7. lykophron’s Alexandra and the Cypriote name Praxandros Simon Hornblower (London) 84 CYREnAICA 8. 9. 10. sur quelques noms nouveaux de Cyrénaïque Catherine Dobias-Lalou (Dijon) A catalogue of officials of an association (?) in a newly discovered inscription from Ptolemais in Cyrenaica Adam Łajtar (Warsaw) A new inscription from Ptolemais in libya Joyce Reynolds (Cambridge) 92 102 119 viii COnTEnTs ATHEns 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. some people in third-century Athenian decrees Sean G. Byrne (Melbourne) Revising Athenian Propertied Families: progress and problems John Davies (Liverpool) LGPN and the epigraphy and history of Attica S. D. Lambert (Cardiff) A new edition of IG II2 2391. Exiles from Ionia? Angelos P. Matthaiou (Athens) Foreign names, inter-marriage and citizenship in Hellenistic Athens Graham Oliver (Liverpool) sarapion, son of sarapion, of melite – an inadvertent chronographer Michael Osborne (Melbourne) 122 132 143 153 158 168 PElOPOnnEsE 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. la famiglia di Damonikos di messene D. Baldassarra (Venice) ‘Becoming Roman’: à propos de deux générations parentes de néo-citoyens romains à sparte et à Athènes J.-S. Balzat (Athens and Oxford) and A. J. S. Spawforth (Newcastle) sparta’s friends at Ephesos. The onomastic evidence R. W. V. Catling (Oxford) new personal names from Argos Charalambos B. Kritzas (Athens) Corinthians in exile 146–44 BC B. Millis (Athens and Leicester) IG V (1) 229 revisited Heikki Solin (Helsinki) The Peloponnesian officials responsible for the second‑century BC bronze coinage of the Achaian koinon J. A. W. Warren (London) 174 183 195 238 244 258 263 mAgnA gRAECIA AnD sICIlY 24. 25. 26. nomi femminili nella sicilia di lingua ed epoca greca Federica Cordano (Milan) Onomastics and the administration of Italia / víteliú? Michael H. Crawford (London) lamina bronzea iscritta da leontinoi: note onomastiche Maria Letizia Lazzarini (Rome) 272 276 280 COnTEnTs 27. soprannomi nella sicilia ellenistica: osservazioni e aggiunte Giacomo Manganaro (Catania) ix 285 DAlmATIA 28. greek personal names in latin Dalmatia John Wilkes (Oxford) 290 CEnTRAl gREECE 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Τυννίχα. Per Elaine: un ‘piccolo’ contributo C. Antonetti, D. Baldassarra, E. Cavalli and F. Crema (Venice) Remarques sur l’onomastique des cités de la Tripolis de Perrhébie Jean-Claude Decourt (Lyon) Zum Problem thessalischer Phratrien Christian Habicht (Princeton) The Philippeis of IG VII 2433 Fabienne Marchand (Oxford) Kaineus N. V. Sekunda (Gdańsk) 312 320 327 332 344 mACEDOnIA 34. Échantillons onomastiques de l’arrière-pays macédonien au IIIe siècle av. J.-C. M. B. Hatzopoulos (Athens) 356 BlACK sEA AnD THRACE 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. sur quelques noms d’Apollonia du Pont Alexandru Avram (Le Mans) Teutaros, the scythian teacher of Herakles David Braund (Exeter) la préhistoire du nom de saint sébastien: onomastiques en contact Dan Dana (Rouen) Des anthroponymes en -οῦς Laurent Dubois (Paris) new lead plaques with greek inscriptions from East Crimea (Bosporos) Sergey Saprykin and Nikolai Fedoseev (Moscow) 368 381 390 398 422 AsIA mInOR 40. Asalatos at Kyme in Aiolis R. H. J. Ashton (London) and N. V. Sekunda (Gdańsk) 436 x 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. COnTEnTs Adrastos at Aphrodisias R. van Bremen (London) names in -ιανός in Asia minor. A preliminary study Thomas Corsten (Oxford and Vienna) CIG 2017: a phantom Thracian name and a false Corcyraean provenance Charles V. Crowther (Oxford) Trading Families? Alan W. Johnston (London) The Coinage of leukai Philip Kinns (Newbury) An onomastic survey of the indigenous population of north-western Asia minor Pınar Özlem-Aytaçlar (Izmir) A new inscription from the Cayster valley and the question of supernomina in Hellenistic and Roman lydia Marijana Ricl (Belgrade) griechische Personennamen in lykien. Einige Fallstudien Christof Schuler (Munich) 440 456 464 470 479 506 530 552 nEAR EAsT 49. 50. Bishops and their sees at the sixth session of the Council of Chalkedon: the near Eastern provinces Fergus Millar (Oxford) An unnoticed macedonian name from Dura Europos Argyro B. Tataki (Athens) 568 578 gEnERAl sTUDIEs 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. Onomastics and law. Dike and -dike names Ilias N. Arnaoutoglou (Athens) Four intriguing names Jaime Curbera (Berlin) Onomastic research then and now: an example from the greek novel Nikoletta Kanavou (Athens) The Roman calendar and its diffusion in the greco-Roman East: The evidence of the personal name Kalandion Pantelis M. Nigdelis (Thessaloniki) ΗΡΟΠΥΘΟΣ. Une pousse printanière pour Elaine matthews? Jacques Oulhen (Rennes) Index 1: Index of Personal names Index 2: general Index 582 601 606 617 628 647 669 FOREWORD This volume of fifty‑four papers is offered to Elaine Matthews by friends and colleagues, not just in Britain but in many other countries, in recognition of the great contribution she has made to the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names. The LGPN, conceived by Peter Fraser and described by one eminent Greek scholar as Britain’s most significant contribution to Classical scholarship since the publication of liddell and scott’s Greek-English Lexicon, has had as its primary aim the documentation on a geographical basis of the personal names attested between the earliest use of the greek alphabet (c. 750 BC) and the early seventh century AD throughout the Hellenic and hellenized world, wherever the greek language and script was used. marshalling the vast quantity of data (slightly more than 300,000 entries in the six published volumes), imposing a controlled standardized format, and generating from this material a magnificent work of reference has been a formidable achievement for which she deserves much of the credit. Its appearance has done a great deal to transform and revitalize the study of greek onomastics, providing the raw material for linguists and philologists, students of greek and latin literature, epigraphists, papyrologists, numismatists and prosopographers, as well as social historians with broader interests in the geographical and chronological distribution of personal names. Some of the first fruits of such work have appeared in two volumes of papers, originally delivered at conferences hosted by LGPN in 1998 and 2003, edited for publication by Elaine (the first jointly with Simon Hornblower), and frequently cited in this volume. Without wishing to duplicate the appreciation of Elaine matthews by Alan Bowman, the editors would nevertheless like to add a few words of their own to emphasize the vital role she has played in bringing Peter Fraser’s great vision to fruition. like all those who have worked for LGPN over the past 35 years or so, we have witnessed at close quarters Elaine’s firm hand and clarity of thought in the resolution of the many and varied problems of method and procedure that crop up in the various stages of work on any of the six volumes so far published. We have admired not just her grasp of the wide range of technological issues and mastery of the project’s ever-changing computing requirements, but also her recognition of LGPN’s future potential and determination to ensure that it remains a research tool of permanent utility. We have appreciated her success in securing the funding needed to keep the project going, in coping with the various changes of funding regime and in adapting to the fickle conditions and demands made by the funding bodies. Elaine has also earned the gratitude and praise of the younger members of staff in her role as mentor, ensuring that LGPN served as an educative, character-forming experience by constantly raising standards and channelling enthusiasm in the right direction. These managerial responsibilities have naturally restricted her involvement in the compilation and detailed editorial work on the onomastic material, especially since the publication of LGPN IIIB in 2000. But without her commitment to these vital issues there would probably have been no book, at least in the form with which we have become familiar. xii FOREWORD moreover, it should not obscure the considerable academic contribution she has made to all the published volumes, whether in her dogged work on the intricacies of Delphian prosopography and chronology or in tackling the problems presented by non-greek names in Thrace and regions bordering the northern Black sea. And in those areas where she has been less well acquainted with the primary material, she has always been quick to recognize the nature of the problems and how they can best be resolved within the precise but narrow format of LGPN. more than anyone, Elaine’s has been the guiding hand that has brought the vast body of separate entries into a form that can be presented concisely and elegantly on the printed page and has converted the original concept into concrete shape, in the form of the six handsome volumes that have appeared to date. The first element in the title of this book, Onomatologos, is a term used in later antiquity to describe eminent lexicographers such as Hesychius and Pollux as ‘collectors of words’, but in its most literal sense it seemed to us appropriate to Elaine as a ‘collector of names’, even if it reflects just one of the many roles she has performed. The wide recognition of and admiration for the part Elaine has played became apparent in the enthusiastic and warm response to the invitations to contribute to this volume, which were extended to many of those who had been involved in some way with LGPN. The number of such people, as well as the range of their disciplines and nationalities, reflect well the collaborative and international nature of such an undertaking. As the Acknowledgements in successive volumes of LGPN reveal, all have been greatly enriched by the willing collaboration of scholars with a wide range of specialist knowledge and their generosity in making available unpublished texts and works in progress or in press. The original remit to contributors was the broad one of greek onomastics and prosopography and the scope of the papers offered reflects well the wide range of LGPN itself, extending to all points of the compass far beyond the greek heartlands bordering the Aegean sea. Besides their honorific purpose, it is hoped that the contributions to this volume will further advance this field of study, revealing some of the potential that has been unlocked by the steady building of a more solid edifice to stand in place of the ‘ruine dangereuse’ to which the great nineteenth‑century work of W. Pape and g. Benseler had been reduced, at least as an onomastic tool, by the accumulation of so much new evidence, mainly from inscriptions and papyri, over the course of the century separating publication of the authoritative third edition of their work and volume I of LGPN. It remains to record our thanks to the many scholars who have contributed to this volume for their response to our invitation and for their subsequent friendly cooperation and patience, especially to those who produced papers as early as 2007 and have waited so long to see them published. Alan Bowman, a long-time friend and Oxford colleague of Elaine’s, kindly took on the task of writing the appreciation of her. When this book was first conceived in May 2007, it was discussed with Peter Fraser among a number of people and he agreed to write a tribute to Elaine; we further hoped he might find a suitable onomastic topic on which to write as well. sadly, Peter’s health had already begun noticeably to decline and it soon became clear that he would not be able to perform this act of homage to his close comrade in his great enterprise and companion on many of his most recent trips to his beloved greece, a country whose natural joys and simple pleasures Elaine also came to appreciate. In spite of his deteriorating health, Peter, with Elaine’s encouragement and discreet support, continued coming to work in the new Classics Centre until shortly before his death on september 15th that year. There he was surrounded by the works of the scholars who had inspired much of his own academic life, several of whom figure FOREWORD xiii large in this book; Wilhelm Dittenberger, Friedrich Bechtel, Friedrich Hiller von gaertringen, Adolf Wilhelm and Louis Robert, not to mention the hugely influential figure of Olivier Masson. Their framed images, expressing a mixture of benevolence and severity, have for many years looked down on the labours of LGPN staff and continue to occupy a place of honour. In preparing this book we have benefitted greatly from the facilities available in the Ioannou Centre for Classical and Byzantine studies in Oxford. In particular we acknowledge the help and advice of our colleagues, Thomas Corsten and Édouard Chiricat, and the skills maggy sasanow (Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents) brought to the preparation of the maps and figures. Thanks are also due to Katherine Clarke (st Hilda’s College, Oxford) and, for their help in the choice of an appropriate cover illustration, to sir John Boardman, Donna Kurtz and Claudia Wagner (Beazley Archive, Oxford). A further mark of the respect in which Elaine matthews is held in the scholarly community in Britain was shown by the generous financial support received for publication of this Festschrift. It is our great pleasure to thank the following bodies and institutions for the grants they have made: the Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford; st Hilda’s College, Oxford; the Craven Committee, Faculty of Classics, Oxford; the Jowett Copyright Trust, Balliol College, Oxford; the society for the Promotion of Roman studies, london; All souls College, Oxford; the Aurelius Trust; the British school at Athens. Finally we thank David Brown for agreeing to publish this book and the staff of Oxbow Books, especially Tara Evans, Julie gardiner, Val lamb and Clare litt, for their friendly help and efficiency in bringing it to publication. Oxford, February 2010 EDITORIAl nOTEs For the sake of convenience we have applied many of the editorial conventions followed in the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names. Thus for the most part we use the same abbreviations and forms of citation for the epigraphical, papyrological and numismatic corpora, though in a number of cases these have been expanded for the sake of clarity; abbreviations of this source material, as well as the standard handbooks and works of reference are set out in the general Abbreviations, pp. xv–xxvi. Abbreviations for ancient authors and their works are normally those found listed in liddell–scott–Jones, A Greek–English Lexicon (9th edn. with supplement, Oxford, 1968) and the Diccionario Griego – Español vol. I (madrid, 1980). Citations of standard works of reference (e.g. RE and LIMC) vary somewhat from one article to another, and we have tried to respect individual author’s preferences rather than impose unnecessarily stringent standardization. In the English-language papers, we have generally followed a non-rigorous hellenizing system of transliterating greek into English, though a number of familiar place-names and personal names are rendered in their latinized or anglicized forms. In the transliteration of the Cyrillic alphabet, we have adopted the phonetic system used, for example, in the Bodleian library’s online catalogue (OlIs). most, but not all of the ancient cities referred to in the papers are located on the maps which preface each of the regional sections of this book. While every effort has been made to mark their positions accurately, they are intended as an aid to general orientation rather than as an infallible guide to the historical geography of the ancient world. nEW PERsOnAl nAmEs FROm ARgOs Charalambos B. Kritzas In 2000–2001 a unique discovery was made in Argos: 135 inscribed bronze plaques were found, placed in stone chests or in bronze and clay vases, covered with heavy stones. They were a part of the archive of the treasury of Pallas and can be generally dated to the first thirty years of the fourth century BC. The documents are mostly accounts of various civic or religious bodies, in which more than one thousand persons are mentioned. Many names are original and previously unattested. Here are treated the new names Ἀμφαρίων, Ἀστροβίων, Ἀφείδανς, Γνωhίαρος, Θόαξ, Λωϊάδας, Μίθυλλος, Πάλαθις, Παχᾶς, Fραϊδῖνος, Χαιράνγελος, Ὠκίας. On the basis of the new evidence, the name Ἀραhῖνος is definitely proved to be the name of a river, and so must be deleted from lgPn. The ongoing restoration of the inscribed bronze tablets from the archive of the treasury of Pallas in Argos, and the parallel study of the rich material contained in it, have revealed numerous original or rare proper names. It is estimated that about one thousand new persons can be added to the prosopography of Argos, thus considerably enriching the onomastics of the city. some of the names have already been published or are in press.1 A full catalogue of them will appear in the final publication of the corpus that I am preparing. In the meantime, it is a particular pleasure for me to contribute to this volume in honour of Elaine matthews by publishing some further names, either totally unattested or presenting aspects of particular interest. This should be the least recompense for the benefit that I constantly gain in consulting the valuable LGPN, whose publication owes so much to the honorand.2 The documents as a whole are generally dated to the first 30 to 35 years of the fourth century BC, possibly with some slight chronological divergences. They are written in the epichoric alphabet and the dialect of Argos. I list them in alphabetical order and with capital letters, as they appear in the tablets, and then add their transcription in ‘Ionic’ letters with breathings and accentuation. For my articles concerning the tablets of Argos see KRITZAs 2003–4; 2005; 2006; 2007; 2009; (forthcoming a–b). 2 I wish to thank Professor l. Dubois and R. Catling for their help and advice. 1 nEW PERsOnAl nAmEs FROm ARgOs 239 ΑΜΦΑΡΙΟΝ Ἀμφαρίων, -ωνος. The name is unattested, but there exist many names of the same group with the same first and second elements, such as Ἀμφάρης, Ἀμφαρίδας, Ἀμφάριχος, etc. or compounded with various other elements, such as Θεάρης, Πανάρης, and, most interesting of all for our case, Φραhιαρίδας, from mycenae and elsewhere.3 All these names are related to the term ἄρος, -εος (τὸ), the meanings of which are given by Hesychius.4 Our name and the other members of its family are to be connected with the first, positive meaning, that of ‘profit’, ‘use’, ‘help’. *ΑΡΑHΙΝΟΣ Ἀραhῖνος (Ἀρασῖνος / Ἐρασῖνος).5 LGPN IIIA includes, with a question mark, the personal name Ἀραἷνος (Ἀραhῖνος) from Argos, found on a dedication written on the lip of a bronze hydria.6 This must be eliminated as a personal name, because it is a variant of the common river name Ἐρασῖνος. The formula of the dedication, with a genitive of possession and a locative dative at the end is also common.7 Our new texts prove that not only a river Ἀραhῖνος, but also a homonymous kome existed at Argos. A related personal name from Argos is Ἐρασείνιος.8 ΑΣΤΡΟΒΙΟΝ Ἀστροβίων, -ωνος. This beautiful name is unattested. It is a compound from ἀστήρ and βίος (rather than βία). It can be added to the group of names related to ἀστήρ, such as Ἀστήρ, Ἀστερίσκος, Ἀστερίων, Ἀστραῖος etc., or in compounds such as Ἀστέρωπος, Ἀστροχίτων. The first element can be found in many composite adjectives, such as ἀστροβλέφαρος, ἀστροβρόντης, ἀστρογείτων, ἀστροδάμας, ἀστροδίαιτος, ἀστρονόμος etc. ΑΦΕΙΔΑΝΣ Ἀφείδανς (Ἀφείδας, -αντος). The name was until now attested only as a heroic name, in Attica, in Arkadia and elsewhere.10 In Attica Ἀφείδας was a legendary king, the son of Oxyntes and the founder of the Attic clan or phratry of Ἀφειδαντίδαι.11 The Arkadian hero Ἀφείδας was one of the three sons of Ἀρκάς, the son of Zeus by Kallisto.12 When Ἀρκάς distributed the land of Arkadia among his three sons, Ἀφείδας received Tegea with the region around it and became its king. It was then that a new demos, the Ἀφείδαντες, was added to the eight pre-existing demes of For the group of related names see FICK–BECHTEl 67; BECHTEl, HPN 193. For Φραhιαρίδας, IG IV 492. Hesych. ἄρος· ὄφελος καὶ <πέτρας> κοιλάς, ἐν αἷς ὕδωρ ἀθροίζεται ὄμβριον. καὶ βλάβος ἀκούσιον. For the etymology see CHAnTRAInE, DELG s.v. ἄρος. It is interesting to note that natural cavities in the rocks, which retain rain-water, are still called ἀρόλιθοι in Crete. 5 For the parallel versions of the name see Str. viii 6. 8. cf. viii 8. 4. 6 SEG XI 329; LSAG2 169 no. 27 (c. 475–450). 7 see for example the dedication to Zeus on a bronze hydria from nemea, LSAG2 443 no. 7b. On the cult of Erasinos see FARnEll, Cults V 421–3. 8 see KAVVADIAs 2006, 328. 9 see BECHTEl, HPN 86, 599. For Ἀστροχίτων see nonn., D. v, 367, 408, 579 etc. (θεὸς Τύρου πολιοῦχος). 10 RE s.v. Apheidas (Toepffer) gives five examples. 11 Ath. iii 50 (96 D); Paus. vii 25. 1. For the clan see IG II2 1597 col. II, 19. (iii BC); cf. lAmBERT 1993, 363 test. 27. We have three more doubtful cases of the name Ἀφείδας in Attic inscriptions where the reading is uncertain: see PAA 242115, 242120, 242125. 12 Paus. viii 4. 2. 3 4 240 CHARAlAmBOs B. KRITZAs Tegea.13 Ἄλεος, the son of Ἀφείδας, was the founder of the temple of Athena Alea at Tegea.14 If we trust Apollodoros,15 Ἀφείδας had some links with the Argolid, since his daughter Σθενέβοια became the wife of Προῖτος. According to Pausanias, as well as epigraphic testimonies, it was the Argive sculptor Ἀντιφάνης who made the statue of Ἀφείδας dedicated with other heroic statues by the Tegeans at Delphi in the second quarter of the fourth century BC.16 This date is very close to that of our documents. Relations between the Argives and the Arkadians at that time were very close. We cannot then exclude that the very rare name Ἀφείδας was given to an Argive member of a family which had friendly relations with Arkadians. As for the meaning of the name, it is a compound from the privative ἀ- and the radical φειδ- of *φεῖδος, φείδομαι. It means ‘bountiful’, ‘unsparing’, ‘one who is not a niggard’, the opposite of φειδωλός or πολυφειδής or even φείδων, which, however, can also have a positive meaning ‘one who spares’.17 many personal names belong to the same group, among them Φείδων, the famous king of Argos, and Φείδας, formed with the second element of our name, but having the opposite meaning.18 ΓΝΟHΙΑΡΟΣ Γνωhίαρος (Γνωσίαρος, -ου). The name is unattested. The intervocalic sigma is marked with the aspirate. The name is of course a compound, its first element the thematic form γνωσι(<γνώσεσθαι) and a second element ἰαρός.1 There are many compounds with the same first element, like Γνωσίδημος, Γνωσίδικος, Γνώσιππος, Γνωσίφιλος etc.,20 but more interesting is the fact that we have a personal name, Ἱερόγνωτος, a compound of the same elements in inverse order.21 This phenomenon is well attested, with pairs of names such as Ἱππόλυτος – Λύσιππος, Ἱππόδημος – Δήμιππος, Πατροκλῆς – Κλεόπατρος, Δωρόθεος – Θεόδωρος, etc.22 ΘΟΑΞ Θόαξ, -ακος. The name is unattested. It must be connected with the poetic adjective θοός ‘quick’, ‘nimble’ and the verbs *θόω, θέω ‘to move quickly’.23 The well-known heroic name of the king of Tauris, Θόας, and the name of the mother of Polyphemos, Θόωσα, in Homer belong to the same family.24 As for the suffix ‑αξ (‑ακ-ς), it is used, as well as its thematic doublet ‑ακος, for the formation of nicknames.25 Of particular interest are pairs of personal names and the corresponding nicknames with the suffix ‑αξ, such as Βύβας – Βύβαξ, Κλέας – Κλέαξ, Σάλας – Σάλαξ and Στράβας – Στράβαξ. To this series we can now add Θόας – Θόαξ. Paus. viii 4. 3; 45. 1. Paus. viii 4. 8. 15 Apollod. iii 102. 16 Paus. x 9. 5–6; FD III (1) 8; cf. mARCADÉ I 5 ff. 17 see CHAnTRAInE, DELG s.v. φείδομαι. Cf. WIlAmOWITZ 1893, II, 129. 18 see BECHTEl, HPN 443–4. 19 In the Argolic dialect in this period the word ἰαρός and its derivatives are written with psilosis. 20 see BECHTEl, HPN 110. 21 IG XI (2) 135, 23 (Delos, iv BC). 22 For the inversion of the elements in compounds see recently DUBOIs 2000, 50; mORPURgO DAVIEs 2000, 19. 23 see lsJ s.v. θοός (A), rather than θοός (B) ‘pointed’, ‘sharp’. 24 For Θόωσα see mAssOn 1987, 107. 25 see in general KEIl 1854, 448; BECHTEl, Spitznamen index; CHAnTRAInE, Noms 376, 379; 1963, 21; ROBERT, Noms indigènes 151–4; mAssOn 1995–96, 285. 13 14 nEW PERsOnAl nAmEs FROm ARgOs 241 ΛΟΙΑΔΑΣ Λωϊάδας, -α. The name is unattested. It recalls, but has nothing to do with the gloss of Theognostus Grammaticus (Canones 123): λοιάδες· αἱ κόραι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν. It is formed with the radical λωϊ-of λωΐων (λωϝίων), an irregular comparative of the adjective ἀγαθός, and the pseudo‑patronymic suffix ‑άδας. Other names with the same element are known, mostly from the Dodecanese, but also from Thessaly and Cyrenaica, such as Λωϊόνικος, Λωΐνικος, Λώϊος, Λωϊώ, Λωΐων.26 A Λώϊνος is known from messene.27 names of the same formation, but with a radical from ἀμείνων, another comparative of ἀγαθός, are Ἀμ[ι]νάδας from Akraiphia28 and Ἀμεινιάδης from Athens.29 ΜΙΘΥΛΛΟΣ Μίθυλλος, -ου. The name is unattested in this form. We already had the name Μίθων from Argos as well as Μιθυλῖνος from neighboring Heraia in Arkadia, both of the third century BC. Interpreting this last name, l. Dubois thinks that it is a derivative from the name Μεθυλῖνος, formed with the radical of μέθη, ‘inebriation, drunkenness’, with a ‘closing’ (fermeture) of Με- to Μι-.30 In that case our Μίθυλλος would be the exact equivalent of Μέθυλλος, attested in Athens,31 whereas Μίθων would be a variant of Μέθων, attested, for example, in Tanagra.32 ΠΑΛΑΘΙΣ Πάλαθις, -θιος. The name is unattested. A Παλαθίων is known from Athens, where also the feminine name Παλάθη has been found, belonging to a slave or hetaira according to Bechtel,33 but more likely a free woman according to masson.34 The name Παλάθη is also known from the Aiolian Islands (ancient Lipara).35 All these names are related to the word ἡ παλάθη and its hypocoristic forms παλαθίς (ἡ) and παλάθιον/παλάσιον (τὸ), meaning ‘a cake of preserved fruit, especially of dried figs’.36 Sometimes dry figs (ἰσχάδες) cut in pieces were mixed with raisins and must.37 Today in the area of Kalamata (Messenia) a kind of sweet is prepared by boiling dried figs in concentrated must (πετιμέζι). According to the lexicon of Suda, παλάθαι was also the name given to various cakes made of dried must, which recall modern μουσταλευριά or κεφτέρια. It is interesting to note that in Byzantine times they used to make cakes of chopped dried figs called συκομαγίδες (<σύκον + μάσσω).38 similar cakes are still prepared nowadays in the area of Epeiros, the island of Kerkyra and in Crete, called σ(υ)κομαΐδες.3 26 see BECHTEl, HPN 292. For the name Λωΐνικος in an ephebic inscription from Ptolemais (Cyrenaica) see REYnOlDs–mAssOn 1976, 89 ll. A23 and 93. 27 SEG XXIII 210, 3 (iii BC). 28 IG VII 4157, 5 (iii BC). 29 Th. ii 67. 2 (v BC). 30 DUBOIs 1986, II, 234–5. For personal names with the radical of μέθη see BECHTEl, HPN 506. 31 IG I3 1150, 25 (v BC). 32 IG VII 1190 (Hell.). 33 BECHTEl, HPN 609. 34 mAssOn 1972, 384. 35 BERnABó-BREA ET Al. 2003, 118 no. 59; cf. DUBOIs 2005, 225. 36 See for example Hdt. iv 23; Str. ii 3. 4; Hesych. s.v. παλάθη; Phot. s.v. Παλάσια. cf. TAIllARDAT 1962, 264–7. 37 Philo, Parasceuastica et poliorcetica 89, 28 (ed. R. Schöne, Berlin, 1893); Suda Π 37. 38 Mentioned by Eustathios, bishop of Thessalonike, and his disciple Michael Choniates, bishop of Athens (12th–13th cent. AD). 39 The recipe is given by E. Voutsina in Γαστρονόμος, supplement of the Athens daily Καθημερινή, 5–9–2006. For a variant on Kerkyra, see Gourmet, supplement of the Athens daily Βήμα, no. 30, April 2009, p. 34. 242 CHARAlAmBOs B. KRITZAs ΠΑΧΑΣ Παχᾶς, -ᾶ. The name is unattested. Hypocoristic names with the suffix ‑ᾶς appear quite early. Thus I prefer accentuation with a perispomenon to paroxytone Πάχας. The name belongs to the family of personal names related to the adjective παχύς ‘thick’ and the appellative πάχης, which itself became a personal name.40 Among the names in the same family are Πάχης, Πάχις, Παχίων, Παχυλλᾶς, Πάχων (three examples from neighbouring Arkadia). All refer to physical characteristics.41 FΡΑΙΔΙΝΟΣ Fραϊδῖνος, -ου. The name is unattested. The adscript iota after the alpha excludes any connection with the adjective ῥαδινός, Aeolic βράδινος (<Fραδινός)42 ‘slender’, ‘slim’, or with the gloss of Hesychius βράδων· ἀδύνατος. This gloss gave a nickname Fράδον attested on a tessera from mantineia.43 most probably the name must be connected with the adjective ῥάιδιος / ῥᾴδιος ‘easy’, ‘ready’, ‘easy to make or do’. This is produced from an original adverb ῥᾶ, epic ῥῆα/ῥεῖα, Aeolic βρᾶ/βρᾷ (=Fρα), meaning ‘easily’, from which were derived the types of the adverb ῥηιδίως (Homeric/ Ionic), ῥᾳδίως (Attic etc.), βραϊδίως (Aeolic).44 The form ῥαιδ- is the correct one in early texts, which later becomes ῥᾳδ- or even ῥαδ-. This can create confusion when we have personal names like Ῥάδιος in Thessaly.45 Bechtel46 considers this name to be related to Ῥαδίνη, but we cannot exclude a derivation from ῥάιδιος / ῥᾴδιος with the later orthography, without adscript iota. In any case the name Ῥαΐδιος is attested at Athens and possibly at mylasa.47 Our Fραϊδῖνος has then a normal formation and can find a good parallel, both morphologically and semantically, in the name Εὐκολῖνος, attested at Tanagra.48 ΧΑΙΡΑΝΓΕΛΟΣ Χαιράνγελος, -ου (Χαιράγγελος). This beautiful name is unattested. It is a compound of two very common elements, χαίρω and ἄγγελος.49 It means ‘the messenger of glad or happy news / greetings’. ΟΚΙΑΣ Ὠκίας, -α. The name is unattested. It should most probably be connected with the family of names related to the adjective ὠκύς ‘quick’, ‘swift’ and the conjectured neutral *ὦκος, which could explain the form of compounds such as ποδ-ώκης.50 The later comparative of ὠκύς was ὠκύτερος, but the form of the superlative ὤκιστος leads to the hypothesis that there might exist Hesych. πάχητες· πλούσιοι. παχεῖς. see BECHTEl, HPN 486. 42 Sappho, frr. 102 and 115 (Lobel–Page). 43 IG V (2) 323. 1 (425–385 BC); cf. DUBOIs 1986, I, 197–8. 44 see CHAnTRAInE, DELG s.v. ῥᾶ, of uncertain etymology. 45 Three examples of the Hellenistic period in LGPN IIIB. 46 BECHTEl, HPN 487. 47 In Athens two persons from the deme of Melite, one of them a metic; see LGPN II. A Μένιπος [Ῥ]αϊδίου Μυλασεύς is honoured with proxenia by the milesians in an inscription found on samos, IG XII (6) 1198, 4 (ii–i BC). 48 IG VII 537 b, 1 (iii BC). 49 see BECHTEl, HPN 462–3 for χαίρω and 11 for ἄγγελος. 50 see BECHTEl, HPN 473. CHAnTRAInE, DELG s.v. ὠκύς. 40 41 nEW PERsOnAl nAmEs FROm ARgOs 243 an earlier comparative form, probably *ὄσσων or *ὠκίων.51 Ὠκίας could issue either from *ὦκος or *ὠκίων (cf. Ἀμεινίας). The names related to ὠκύς are mostly composite. They include heroic names, such as Ὠκύαλος and Ὠκυθόα, as well as common personal names such as Ὠκυμένης, Ὤκυλλος, Ὤκυτος, and Ποδώκης.52 References BERnABó-BREA, l., CAVAlIER, m. and CAmPAgnA, l. (2003) Meligunìs Lipára. XII, Le iscrizioni lapidarie greche e latine delle Isole Eolie. Palermo. CHAnTRAInE, P. (1963) ‘Notes d’étymologie grecque’, Revue de philologie 37, 12–22. DUBOIs, l. (1986) Recherches sur le dialecte arcadien. 3 vols. Louvain. DUBOIs, l. (2000) ‘Hippolytos and Lysippos. Remarks on some Compounds in Ἱππο‑, ‑ιππος’, in Greek Personal Names 41–52. DUBOIs, l. (2005) ‘Alphabet, onomastique et dialecte des Îles Lipari’, Revue des études grecques 118, 214– 228. KAVVADIAs, g. (2006) ‘Νεκροταφείο των ύστερων κλασικών και ελληνιστικών χρόνων στην οδό Κουντουριώτου στο Άργος’, in Πρακτικά Α΄ Αρχαιολογικής Συνόδου Νότιας και Δυτικής Ελλάδος. Athens, 325–334. KEIl, K. (1854) ‘Griechische Inschriften’, Philologus 9, 446–461. KRITZAs, CH. (2003–4) ‘Literacy and Society. The case of Argos’, Kodai 13–14, 53–60. KRITZAs, CH. (2005) ‘Οι χαλκοί ενεπίγραφοι πίνακες του Άργους’, Αργειακή Γη 3, 13–26. KRITZAs, CH. (2006) ‘Nouvelles inscriptions d’Argos: les archives des comptes du trésor sacré (IVe siècle avant J.‑C.)’, Comptes-rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 397–434. [The same article translated into modern greek is in press in A. BAnAKA and s. HUBER (eds), Πρακτικά του διεθνούς Συνεδρίου της Γαλλικής Αρχαιολογικής Σχολής «Στα βήματα του W. Vollgraff»]. KRITZAs, CH. (2007) ‘Ετυμολογικές παρατηρήσεις σε νέα επιγραφικά κείμενα του Άργους’, in m. B. HATZOPOUlOs (ed.), Φωνής Χαρακτήρ Εθνικός. Actes du Ve Congrès international de dialectologie grecque (Athènes 28–30 septembre 2006). Athens, 135–160. KRITZAs, CH. (2009) ‘Οβολοί αργολικοί’, in s. DROUgOU ET Al. (eds), Κερμάτια φιλίας. Τιμητικός τόμος για τον Ιωάννη Τουράτσογλου. Athens, 9–20. KRITZAs, CH. (forthcoming a) ‘Sur quelques noms argiens rares ou nouveaux’, in J. OUHlEn (ed.), Actes du Colloque «Nommer les Hommes». KRITZAs, CH. (forthcoming b) ‘Κύπρο–αργολικά’, in Proceedings of the International Colloquium in honour of Dr Ino Nicolaou, “Epigraphy, Numismatics, Prosopography”. nicosia. lAmBERT, S. D. (1993) The Phratries of Attica. Diss. University of michigan Press. mAssOn, O. (1972) ‘La grande imprécation de Sélinonte (SEG XVI, 573)’, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 96, 377–388 (= OGS I, 135–146). mAssOn, O. (1987) ‘Noms grecs de femmes formés sur des participes (type Θάλλουσα)’, Τyche 2, 107–112 (= OGS II, 587–592). mAssOn, O. (1995–96) ‘Quelques anthroponymes grecs et leur morphologie: Noms composés et noms simples’, Verbum 18, 281–288. mORPURgO DAVIEs, A. (2000) ‘Greek Personal Names and Linguistic Continuity’, in Greek Personal Names 15–39. REYnOlDs, J. and mAssOn, O. (1976) ‘Une inscription éphébique de Ptolémaïs (Cyrénaïque)’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 20, 87–100. TAIllARDAT, J. (1965) Les images d’Aristophane. Études de langue et de style. Paris. WIlAmOWITZ, U. VOn (1893) Aristoteles und Athen. 2 vols. Berlin (repr. 1966). 51 52 CHAnTRAInE, DELG 1300. see BECHTEl, HPN 578, 565 and 473.