Poaceae
Paspalum

Paspalum paniculatum L.

First published in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 855 (1759)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Mexico to Tropical America. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as a medicine and has environmental uses.

Distribution

Native to:

Argentina Northeast, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Galápagos, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Cameroon, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Easter Is., Fiji, Florida, Gabon, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hawaii, Japan, Liberia, Madagascar, Marianas, Marquesas, Mauritius, Mississippi, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Philippines, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Seychelles, Society Is., Solomon Is., Taiwan, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Uganda, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & Renvoize, S.A. (2018). Flore des Mascareignes 203: 1-276. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 1: 1-114. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hall, D.W. (2019). Grasses of Florida: 1-353. University press of Florida.
  • Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Reddy, G.V.P. (2011). Survey of invasive plants on Guam and identification of the 20 most widespread. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 41: 263-274.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. & Pensiero, J.F. (2014). Gramineae VI. Flora del Paraguay 45: 1-392. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Genève.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 855 (1759).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • A. Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appliq. 13: 890.
  • F.T.A. 9: 577
  • Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 855 (1759)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & Renvoize, S.A. (2018). Flore des Mascareignes 203: 1-276. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 1: 1-114. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. (1982). Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1-1692. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C. & al. (2013). Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hall, D.W. (2019). Grasses of Florida: 1-353. University press of Florida.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Reddy, G.V.P. (2011). Survey of invasive plants on Guam and identification of the 20 most widespread. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 41: 263-274.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • St. John, H. (1988). Census of the Flora of the Gambier islands, Polynesia. Pacific Plant Studies 43: 1-34.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Cordemoy, E.J. (1895). Flore de l'ile de la Réunion: 1-574. Librairie des sciences naturelles Paul Klincksieck, Paris.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Clayton in Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3: 445 (1972).
  • Eggeling, Ann. list grasses Ug.: 34 (1947)
  • L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10,2: 855 (1759).

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Dec 1, 2013 Clayton, W.D. [4606] Brazil K001054525 Yes
Dec 1, 2013 Dombrowski, L.T.D [2929] Brazil K001054532 Yes
Dec 1, 2013 Reitz, R.; Klein, R.M. [6945] Brazil K001054527 Yes
Dec 1, 2013 Skvortzov, B. [198] Brazil K001054522 Yes
Dec 1, 2013 Clayton, W.D. [4089] Brazil K001054523 Yes
Oct 1, 2005 Cabral, C. [105] Cameroon K000337794 Yes
Sep 1, 2005 Tadjouteu, F. [625] Cameroon K000199955 Yes
Sep 1, 2005 Darbyshire, I. [282] Cameroon K000199958 Yes
Sep 1, 2005 Cheek, M. [11695] Cameroon K000199962 Yes
Sep 1, 2005 Harvey, Y.B. [201] Cameroon K000199943 Yes
Dec 1, 2003 Castellanos, A. [24728] Brazil K001054531 Yes
Jun 1, 2001 Cheek, M. [8321] Cameroon K000107878 Yes
Jun 1, 2001 Cable, S. [3714 a] Cameroon K000107876 Yes
Jun 1, 2001 Pollard, B.J. [98] Cameroon K000107922 Yes
Mar 1, 1996 Cable, S. [26] Cameroon K000107877 Yes
Jan 1, 1996 Marsden, J. [23] Cameroon K000182471 Yes
Jan 1, 1996 Marsden, J. [29] Cameroon K000182470 Yes
Aug 1, 1994 Hatschbach, G.G.; Hatschbach, M.; Silva, J.M. [60397] Brazil K001054565 Yes
Jan 1, 1994 Thomas, D.W. [9681] Cameroon K000540017 Yes
Jan 1, 1994 Cheek, M. [5785] Cameroon K000510847 Yes
May 1, 1984 Bailey, F.M. [s.n.] Australia K000885962 Type Yes
May 1, 1984 Bailey, F.M. [s.n.] Australia K000885960 Type Yes
May 1, 1984 s.coll. [s.n.] Australia K000885961 Unknown Type Material Yes
Jan 1, 1973 Irwin, H.S.; Santos, R.R.; Souza, R.; Fonseca, S.F., da [24262] Brazil K001054526 Yes
Jan 1, 1973 Irwin, H.S.; Anderson, W.R.; Stieber, M.T.; Lee, E.Y.T. [34733] Brazil K001054563 Yes
Jun 1, 1903 Renvoize, S.A. [5369], Colombia K001462321 Yes
Jan 1, 1867 Spruce, R. [5931] Ecuador K000201706 Yes
Chuml, H. [295(HC)] Cameroon K000182473 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [4318] Brazil K001054535 Yes
Ratter, J.A. [4056] Brazil K001054559 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Renvoize, S.A. [15671] Brazil K000004247 Yes
Mutis [5417] Colombia K001054545 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [4399] Brazil K001054611 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [352] Cameroon K000182476 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Renvoize, S.A. [16616] Brazil K000004248 Yes
Mueller, F.J.H., von [71] Brazil K001054546 Yes
Salzmann, P. [s.n.] Brazil K000004250 Type Yes
Hage, J.L. [1558] Brazil K000004244 No
Hinton, G.B. [1443] Mexico K000476198 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [22587] Brazil K001054537 Yes
Rakotonirina, G.A.; Antilahimena, P.; Ralaijaona, B.; Syde, A.R.; Rasoanindriana, H.M.; Razafindraibe, H. [85] Madagascar K001890563 No
Rasoanindirana, H.M.; Antilahimena, P.; Rakotonirina, G.A.; Ralaijaona, B. [80] Madagascar K001890572 No
Robert, A. [331/b] Brazil K001054548 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4838] Brazil K001054520 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [4399] Brazil K001054550 Yes
Lobo, S. [1799] Costa Rica K001528906 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [4] Cameroon K000182477 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4613] Brazil K001054529 Yes
Rodway, F.A. [A] Panama K001462312 Yes
Burchell [4440/2] Brazil K001054557 Yes
Randrianaivo, R.; Bevao, J.C. [2607] Madagascar K001890550 No
Burchell [2110] Brazil K001054554 Yes
Euponino, A.; da Vinha, S.G. [519] Brazil K000004245 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4283] Brazil K001054528 Yes
Peterson, P.; Annable, C.R. [07134] Panama K001609300 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [16570] Brazil K001054538 Yes
Borgeau, M. [2379] Mexico K000643624 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hatschbach, G. [25039] Brazil K001054519 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [3944] Mexico K000476196 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [354] Cameroon K000182479 Yes
Gaudichaud-Beaupre, C. [s.n.] Brazil K001054543 Yes
Smith, L.B.; Klein, R.M.; Hatschbach, G. [14747] Brazil K001054518 Yes
Renvoize, S.A. [5369] Colombia K001462321 Yes
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K001054549 Yes
Isabelle [s.n.] Brazil K001054558 Yes
Quarín, C.L. [4027] Brazil K001054564 Yes
Brunt, M.A. [1046] Cameroon K000182474 Yes
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K001054553 Yes
Jardin [1846] Gabon K000282015 Unknown Type Material Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4429] Brazil K001054561 Yes
Strang, H.E. [567] Brazil K001054562 Yes
Preston, T.A. [s.n.] Brazil K001054542 Yes
Burchell [2110] Brazil K001054555 Yes
Dombrowski, L.T. [1496] Brazil K001054517 Yes
Riedel, L. [41] Brazil K001054610 Yes
Hatschbach, G.G.; Smith, L.B.; Klein, R.M. [12212] Brazil K001054530 Yes
Gardner [3571] Brazil K001054547 Yes
Burchell [1661-2] Brazil K001054551 Yes
Spruce, R. [6368] Ecuador K000201707 Yes
Smith, L.B.; Reitz, R. [6017] Brazil K001054533 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M. [9332] Cameroon K000182475 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [6780] Brazil K001054536 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4615] Brazil K001054521 Yes
Burchell [2763] Brazil K001054552 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [6929] Brazil K001054539 Yes
Carvalho, A.M.; da Vinha, S.G.; Brito, E.S. [1344] Brazil K000004243 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4523] Brazil K001054541 Yes
Lemos Froes, R. [19951] Brazil K000004249 Yes
Spruce, R. [5931] Ecuador K000201705 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4616] Brazil K001054524 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [1443] Mexico K000476197 Yes
Santos, T.S.; Mattos Silva, L.A. [3864] Brazil K000004246 Yes
Borgeau, M. [2161] Mexico K000643623 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hinton, G.B. [9433] Mexico K000476195 Yes
Riedel [1813] Brazil K001054556 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [976] Cameroon K000182478 Yes
Burchell [2763] Brazil K000643723 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hinton, G.B. [5233] Mexico K000476194 Yes
Raddi [s.n.] Brazil K000307918 Isotype Yes
Folli, D.A. [2726] Brazil K001054560 Yes
Laegaard, S.; Lozano, P.; Delgado, T.; Torres, L. [18843], Ecuador Paspalum affine K001462404 Yes
Ecuador Paspalum affine K001462405 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of the Cayman Islands

    • Flora of the Cayman Islands
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0