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Check FAQAbout Roland
Roland Marchal is senior research fellow at the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), based at the Center for International Researches (CERI/Sciences-Po, Paris, website: http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/). He was the chief editor of the French academic quarterly, Politique africaine (website: www.politique-africaine.org) from 2002 to 2006. He has been researching and publishing on the conflicts and politics in the Horn of Africa and Central Africa and worked as a consultant for different governments, the World Bank and the European Union. His current expertise is focused on Somalia, Central African Republic, Chad and some Sahelian countries and the policy of great powers on the African continent.
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Au terme d’un processus négocié et quelque peu chaotique, les élections se sont tenues en Somalie pour le renouvellement du Parlement, la mise en place d’une Chambre haute (appelée ici Sénat) et un nouveau Président. Ce texte analyse la difficile mise en place du processus électoral, les options discutées et donne des indications sur les fraudes qui ont entouré le choix d’une nouvelle représentation nationale. L’aspect sans doute le plus important est le renouvellement sans précédent des députés et l’accession au pouvoir d’un président qui a des relations difficiles avec l’Ethiopie. La vie politique somalienne risque d’être plus animée et conflictuelle dans les mois à venir, alors que les États fédérés et le gouvernement central doivent s’entendre sur les questions fondamentales de partage des richesses et de création d’une armée nationale.
Le déclenchement de la crise du Golfe en juin 2017 a profondément affecté les pays de l’autre rive de la mer Rouge, en dépit souvent d’une neutralité affichée mais privée de tout contenu. Cette militarisation des politiques de voisinage ne produit pas pour autant un nouvel ordre régional plus cohérent ou apaisé. Au contraire. Mais, au-delà des péripéties de cette crise, on voit poindre de nouvelles politiques internationales portées par d’autres puissances émergentes comme la Turquie et surtout la Chine, voire à terme la Russie.
Attacks in Kenya: 'Corruption in the army and police is a major problem'
Kenya suffered another terrorist attack by Shebab on April 2, resulting in at least 147 deaths. CNRS researcher Roland Marchal, an expert on the Horn of Africa, believes that corruption within Kenya's police and military facilitates such attacks, despite progress since the 2013 Westgate shopping center attack. The vast Kenyan territory and entrenched corruption practices make security challenging. Post-Westgate, President Uhuru Kenyatta, cleared of charges by the International Criminal Court, has initiated intelligence and military reforms. However, deep changes are difficult due to the scale of the task and the need to enforce the chain of command. The international community, including France, has offered anti-terrorist support, but a political response to Shebab's resilience is needed, as opposed to the current military-focused approach.
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