Abstract
The foundations of stable isotope geochemistry were laid in 1947 by Urey’s classic paper on the thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances and by Nier’s development of the isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Before discussing details of the naturally occurring variations in stable isotope ratios, it is useful to describe some generalities that are pertinent to the field of non-radiogenic isotope geochemistry as a whole.
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Hoefs, J. (2021). Isotope Fractionation Processes of Selected Elements. In: Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77692-3_2
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