Abstract
The uncontrollable growth of CO2 concentration in the Earth atmosphere is a cause of ever-accelerating global warming. The warming up of the atmosphere and the increase in the partial pressure of CO2 induce multiple negative catastrophic phenomena on a global scale. On the other hand, carbon dioxide provides a unique and practically inexhaustible source of synthetic carbon (C1 synthon). Well-funded comprehensive studies of the processes of CO2 transformation into chemically important products, such as carboxylic acids, linear organic carbonates, urea and its derivatives, methanol, dimethyl ether, industrial gases (CO, methane), higher hydrocarbons, and products of fine organic synthesis, have been carried out in various countries for more than recent 20 years to mitigate CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. In Russia, this problem has remained virtually unnoticed. Therefore, in this review the authors set the task to draw the attention of chemists to the possibilities of using CO2 in synthesis and to the achievements that have been made in this area, particularly in the synthesis of hydroxybenzoic acids, methanol, and formic acid.
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Notes
The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is an index based on the radiative properties of well-mixed greenhouse gases, measured as the radiative effect per unit mass of a given well-mixed greenhouse gas for in today’s atmosphere summed over a selected time interval and referenced to CO2. GWP reflects the joint effect of the different lengths of time that greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere and their relative effectiveness in absorbing outgoing IR radiation. The Kyoto Protocol is based on a 100-year GWP.
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Sections 1, 2, and 3.2 were written in the framework of state assignment to the Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of the Russian Academy of Sciences (A.L. Maksimov, N.Yu. Kuznetsov); section 3.3 was written in the framework of state assignment no. 075-00697-22-00 to the Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences (N.Yu. Kuznetsov); Section 3.1 was written under financial support by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-03-00300A; guided by I.P. Beletskaya).
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Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 2022, Vol. 58, No. 12, pp. 1267–1301 https://doi.org/10.31857/S0514749222120011.
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Kuznetsov, N.Y., Maximov, A.L. & Beletskaya, I.P. Novel Technological Paradigm of the Application of Carbon Dioxide as a C1 Synthon in Organic Chemistry: I. Synthesis of Hydroxybenzoic Acids, Methanol, and Formic Acid. Russ J Org Chem 58, 1681–1711 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070428022120016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070428022120016