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Kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamic adsorption, and desorption studies of chromium in two types of calcareous soils

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Abstract

This study was conducted to ascertain Cr adsorption, desorption, and kinetics in two different types of calcareous soils because there has not been much research on the metal’s adsorption kinetics, particularly in calcareous soils. The calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), clay content, organic matter (Om), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of these two soils are all different. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models were utilized to determine Cr adsorption kinetics; Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Elovich isotherm models were used to investigate the Cr adsorption isotherm at three temperatures (298, 308, and 318 °K). Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (ΔHƟ), entropy changes (ΔSƟ), and standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGƟ) were measured at three temperatures (298, 308, and 318 °K). After that, desorption investigations were carried out. Data showed that the pseudo-second order was the best model for describing the adsorption of our soil samples. The correlation between Cr adsorption and shaking periods is significantly negative with soil pH and (CCE) and significantly positive with clay, (OM), and (CEC). All of the investigated soils' Cr(VI) adsorption data are better fit by the freundlich isotherm model. Negative values of ΔGθ (Table 4) suggest that Cr adsorption in our soil samples is thermodynamically achievable and spontaneous throughout the temperature range 298–318°K. The negative ΔHθ value indicates that the Cr adsorption activities are exothermic. The lower the value of ΔSθ, the less randomness there is at the solid/liquid contact during the sorption process. This means that Cr ions in our soil samples treated at various temperatures have a significantly more chaotic distribution than the relatively ordered solid phase state at the adsorbent surface. Clay soil with highest Cr adsorption also has the lowest Cr(VI) desorption. The modeling results are useful for environmental risk assessment and pollution treatment because they help to understand and anticipate Cr(VI) adsorption on diverse soils.

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Data availability

The datasets during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

I want to thank my family, who gave me the opportunity to finish this paper (Dr. Farhang Rassaei, Mahdokht Massoud, Dr. Liza Rassaei, Dr. Farshad Rassaei, Dr. Janet Rassaei, and Farhad Rassaei).

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  1. Department of Soil Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

    Farzad Rassaei

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Farzad Rassaei: design of the work, the acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data, writing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Farzad Rassaei.

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Rassaei, F. Kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamic adsorption, and desorption studies of chromium in two types of calcareous soils. Arab J Geosci 16, 214 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11291-7

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