Abstract
As an important source of electricity production in China, coal-fired power boiler still emits high concentrations of pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) due to large amounts of flue gas. In this study, filterable and condensable PM (CPM) were sampled in three coal-fired units. In particular, the effects of unit load and flue gas temperatures on organic/inorganic components of CPM were investigated. The emission concentration of total PM reached the lowest at the highest load of the coal-fired unit. CPM, especially the organic components in it, accounted for a high proportion of the total particulates emitted from three units. The representative organic components hydrocarbons and esters accounted for more than 40% of CPM from coal combustion, while the representative inorganic component SO42− had the highest emission concentration. The emission concentration of representative organic components and most inorganic components in CPM was lowest when the temperature of coal-fired flue gas was lowest. It was noted that the effect of operating load and flue gas temperature on the distribution of organic compounds in CPM is limited when raw coal properties are similar.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Cano, M., Reina, T. R., Portillo, E., Gallego Fernández, L. M., & Navarrete, B. (2021). Characterization of emissions of condensable particulate matter under real operation conditions in cement clinker kilns using complementary experimental techniques. Science of the Total Environment, 786, 147472.
Cano, M., Vega, F., Navarrete, B., Plumed, A., & Camino, J. A. (2017). Characterization of emissions of condensable particulate matter in clinker kilns using a dilution sampling system. Energy & Fuels, 31, 7831–7838.
Cano, M., Vega, F., Palomo, D., Serrano, J., & Navarrete, B. (2019). Characterization of condensable particulate matter emissions in agricultural diesel engines using a dilution-based sampling train. Energy & Fuels, 33, 779–787.
Choi, D. S., Kim, Y.-M., Lee, I. H., Jeon, K.-J., Choi, B. J., & Park, Y.-K. (2019). Study on the contribution ratios of particulate matter emissions in differential provinces concerning condensable particulate matter. Energy & Environment (Essex England), 30, 1206–1218.
Deng, S., Zhang, C., Liu, Y., Cao, Q., Xu, Y.-Y., Wang, H.-L., & Zhang, F. (2014). A full-scale field study on chlorine emission of pulverized coal-fired power plants in China. Research Environmental Science, 27, 127–133.
Feng, Y., Li, Y., & Cui, L. (2018). Critical review of condensable particulate matter. Fuel, 224, 801–813.
Feng, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Su, S., Zhang, Z., Gan, Z., & Dong, Y. (2021). Comparative study on the characteristics of condensable particulate matter emitted from three kinds of coal. Environmental Pollution (1987), 270, 116267.
Feng, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Dong, Y., & Ma, C. (2020). Characteristics of condensable particulate matter discharging from a one-dimensional flame furnace firing lignite. Fuel (guildford), 277, 118198.
Guo, X., Hao, J., Duan, L., Yi, H., & Li, X. (2006). Characteristics of water soluble ions emitted from large coal-fired power plant boilers. Journal of Tsinghua University ( Sci & Tech), 046, 1991–1994.
Hu, Y.-Q., Ma, Z.-H., Feng, Y.-J., Wang, C., Chen, Y.-Y., & He, M. (2015). Emission characteristics of water-soluble ions in fumes of coal fired boilers in Beijing. Environmental Science, 36, 1966–1974.
Huang, R., Wu, H., & Yang, L. (2020). Investigation on condensable particulate matter emission characteristics in wet ammonia-based desulfurization system. Journal of Environmental Sciences (china), 92, 95–105.
Jung, W., Jeong, M. H., Ahn, K. H., Kim, T., & Kim, Y. H. (2020). Reduced graphene-oxide filter system for removing filterable and condensable particulate matter from source. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 391, 122223.
Li, J., Li, X., Wang, W., Wang, X., Lu, S., Sun, J., & Mao, Y. (2021). Investigation on removal effects and condensation characteristics of condensable particulate matter: Field test and experimental study. Science of the Total Environment, 783, 146985.
Li, J., Li, X., Zhou, C., Li, M., Lu, S., Yan, J., & Qi, Z. (2017a). Study on the influencing factors of the distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in condensable particulate matter. Energy & Fuels, 31, 13233–13238.
Li, J., Qi, Z., Li, M., Wu, D., Zhou, C., Lu, S., Yan, J., & Li, X. (2017b). Physical and chemical characteristics of condensable particulate matter from an ultralow-emission coal-fired power plant. Energy & Fuels, 31, 1778–1785.
Li, X., Zhou, C., Li, J., Lu, S., & Yan, J. (2019). Distribution and emission characteristics of filterable and condensable particulate matter before and after a low-low temperature electrostatic precipitator. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 12798–12806.
Liang, Y., Li, Q., Ding, X., Wu, D., Wang, F., Otsuki, T., Cheng, Y., Shen, T., Li, S., & Chen, J. (2020). Forward ultra-low emission for power plants via wet electrostatic precipitators and newly developed demisters: Filterable and condensable particulate matters. Atmospheric Environment (1994), 225, 117372.
Liu, H., Sun, Z., Sun, J., & Yao, Q. (2003). An investigation on the characteristics of the discharge of normal paraffin organic compounds during a coal-burning process and their related formationevolution mechanism. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 18, 36–38.
Lu, C. M., Dat, N. D., Lien, C. K., Chi, K. H., & Chang, M. B. (2019). Characteristics of fine particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from coal combustion processes. Energy & Fuels, 33, 10247–10254.
Lu, S., Wu, Y., Chen, T., Song, J., Xu, Z., Tang, M., & Ding, S. (2020). Influence of the combination system of wet flue gas desulfurization and a wet electrostatic precipitator on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in flue gas from a coal-fired industrial plant. Energy & Fuels, 34, 5707–5714.
Morino, Y., Chatani, S., Tanabe, K., Fujitani, Y., Morikawa, T., Takahashi, K., Sato, K., & Sugata, S. (2018). Contributions of condensable particulate matter to atmospheric organic aerosol over Japan. Environmental Science & Technology, 52, 8456–8466.
Pei, B. (2015). Determination and emission of condensable particulate matter from coal-fired power plants. Huanjing Kexue/environmental Science, 36, 1544–1549.
Pope, C. A., Lefler, J. S., Ezzati, M., Higbee, J. D., Marshall, J. D., Kim, S.-Y., Bechle, M., Gilliat, K. S., Vernon, S. E., Robinson, A. L., & Burnett, R. T. (2019). Erratum: Mortality risk and fine particulate air pollution in a large, representative cohort of U.S. Environmental Health Perspectives, 127, 99002.
Pudasainee, D., Kim, J. H., Lee, S. H., Park, J. M., Jang, H. N., Song, G. J., & Seo, Y. C. (2010). Hazardous air pollutants emission from coal and oil-fired power plants. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 5, 299–303.
Sheta, S., Afgan, M. S., Hou, Z., Yao, S.-C., Zhang, L., Li, Z., & Wang, Z. (2019). Coal analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: A tutorial review. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 34, 147–182.
Shi, J., Deng, H., Bai, Z., Kong, S., Wang, X., Hao, J., Han, X., & Ning, P. (2015). Emission and profile characteristic of volatile organic compounds emitted from coke production, iron smelt, heating station and power plant in Liaoning Province China. Science of the Total Environment, 515–516, 101–108.
Song, J., Lu, S., Wu, Y., Zhou, C., Li, X., & Li, J. (2020). Migration and distribution characteristics of organic and inorganic fractions in condensable particulate matter emitted from an ultralow emission coal-fired power plant. Chemosphere, 243, 125346.
Sui, Z., Zhang, Y., Peng, Y., Norris, P., Cao, Y., & Pan, W.-P. (2016). Fine particulate matter emission and size distribution characteristics in an ultra-low emission power plant. Fuel, 185, 863–871.
Wang, G., Deng, J., Ma, Z., Hao, J., & Jiang, J. (2018). Characteristics of filterable and condensable particulate matter emitted from two waste incineration power plants in China. Science of the Total Environment, 639, 695–704.
Wang, G., Deng, J. G., Zhang, Y., Li, Y. J., Ma, Z. Z., Hao, J. M., & Jiang, J. K. (2020a). Evaluating airborne condensable particulate matter measurement methods in typical stationary sources in China. Environmental Science & Technology, 54, 1363–1371.
Wang, K., Jia, L., Huang, L., Cui, C., Wang, F., LÜ, N., & Zhao, Q. (2014). Pollution characteristics of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 and PM10 under severe haze days. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 46, 53–58.
Wang, K., Yang, L., Li, J., Sheng, Z., He, Q., & Wu, K. (2020b). Characteristics of condensable particulate matter before and after wet flue gas desulfurization and wet electrostatic precipitator from ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants in China. Fuel (guildford), 278, 118206.
Wang, L., Wu, H., Wang, Q., Zhou, C., Zhang, Z., Yang, H., & Zhou, Y. (2021). Emission reduction of condensable particulate matter in ammonia-based desulfurized flue gas by heterogeneous vapor condensation. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 167, 108519.
Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Huang, X., Liu, S., Tang, M., & Lu, S. (2022a). A typical 300 MW ultralow emission coal-fired power plant: Source, distribution, emission, and control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Fuel (Guildford), 326, 125052
Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Liu, S., Tang, M., & Lu, S. (2021). Emission characteristics of PM2.5 and components of condensable particulate matter from coal-fired industrial plants. Science of the Total Environment, 796, 148782.
Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Liu, S., Tang, M., & Lu, S. (2021). Emission of organic components and distribution characteristics of PAHs in condensable particulate matter from coal-fired power and industrial plants. Journal of the Energy Institute, 97, 109–116.
Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Liu, S., Tang, M., & Lu, S. (2021). Migration and emission characteristics of N-alkanes and phthalates in condensable particulate matter from coal-fired sources. Journal of Cleaner Production, 305, 127203.
Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Liu, S., Tang, M., & Lu, S. (2022b). Effects of the changes of load and flue gas temperature on the emission of particulate matter from the coal-fired unit. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 22, 210268.
Yan, Y., Yang, C., Peng, L., Li, R., & Bai, H. (2016). Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds from coal-, coal gangue-, and biomass-fired power plants in China. Atmospheric Environment (1994), 143:261–269
Yang, H.-H., Arafath, S. M., Lee, K.-T., Hsieh, Y.-S., & Han, Y.-T. (2018). Chemical characteristics of filterable and condensable PM2.5 emissions from industrial boilers with five different fuels. Fuel, 232, 415–422.
Yang, H.-H., Lee, K.-T., Hsieh, Y.-S., Luo, S.-W., & Huang, R.-J. (2015). Emission characteristics and chemical compositions of both filterable and condensable fine particulate from steel plants. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 15, 1672–1680.
Yang, Z., Zheng, C., Zhang, X., Li, C., Wang, Y., Weng, W., & Gao, X. (2017). Sulfuric acid aerosol formation and collection by corona discharge in a wet electrostatic precipitator. Energy & Fuels, 31, 8400–8406.
Zhang, J., Zheng, C., Zhang, Y., Wu, G., Zhu, S., Meng, W., Gao, X., & Cen, K. (2016). Experimental investigation of ultra-low pollutants emission characteristics from a 1 000 MW coal-fired power plant. Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 36, 1310–1314.
Zhang, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Nie, M., Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2021a). Adsorption of condensable particulate matter from coal-fired flue gas by activated carbon. Science of the Total Environment, 778, 146245.
Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Wang, L. (2021b). Review of hazardous materials in condensable particulate matter. Fuel Processing Technology, 220, 106892.
Zheng, C., Hong, Y., Liu, S., Yang, Z., Chang, Q., Zhang, Y., & Gao, X. (2018). Removal and emission characteristics of condensable particulate matter in an ultralow emission power plant. Energy & Fuels, 32, 10586–10594.
Funding
The research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0605200).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Liu, S. et al. Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matter from Coal-Fired Power Units with Different Load Conditions. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 447 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05919-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05919-9