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Prophylactic application of vaginal lactic acid bacteria against urogenital pathogens and its prospective use in sanitary suppositories

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Abstract

Beneficial and pathogenic microbes coexist in the vaginal canal, where a diminishing population of lactic acid bacteria may cause recurring urogenital infections. Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus vaginalis, and pathogenic microbes Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Shigella sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia fergusonii were isolated from vaginal swabs. Lactobacillus sp. and their probiotic culture free supernatant (PCFS) inhibited the growth of the above-mentioned urogenital pathogens. L. crispatus produced both lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, exhibiting the best antimicrobial potential against the studied pathogens. Lyophilized L. crispatus had a shelf life of 12 months and the lyophilized PCFS also retained its antibacterial property with a minimum inhibition concentration of 1 μg/μL. Carboxy-methyl cellulose-alginate, a green alternative to super-absorbent polymers, was encapsulated with L. crispatus cells. The probiotic in its encapsulated state retained its viability for 21 days, and the bead showed 30% solvent absorptive capacity. PCFS-laced non-woven fabric displayed antibacterial property with no change in its physicochemical properties. These probiotic and postbiotic formulations have excellent prophylactic potential for urogenital infections. Such formulations can be exploited as additives in sanitary suppositories to enhance vaginal health.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam, for extending the basic laboratory infrastructure. We also want to acknowledge the Tezpur University Health Centre, for helping us in the collection of biological samples under the supervision of Dr. Purnima Das, gynecologist. We want to acknowledge the Tezpur University Ethical Committee for granting us the permission to commence this work. I, SD, would like to thank my fellow research scholars Mr. Manoj Sharma, Ms. Rafika Yasmin, and Mrs. Susmita Thakur for their support and help.

Funding

A financial grant was given by the Tezpur University (Central) with memo number DoRD/RIG/10–73/ 1592-A dated 07/01/2021 for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam-784028, Assam, India

    Shreaya Das & Bolin Kumar Konwar

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  1. Shreaya Das
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  2. Bolin Kumar Konwar
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Contributions

SD is responsible for the conception of idea for this research paper. She drafted, constructed, and critically revised this work. She approves and holds accountability for this manuscript and is willing to answer any queries about the manuscript.

BK is responsible for helping SD in drafting and thoroughly revising this manuscript. He helped in improving the scientific aspect of this manuscript and is also willing to answer any queries about the manuscript.

Both authors have jointly scripted, revised, and approved this manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bolin Kumar Konwar.

Ethics declarations

Consent to participate

Proper written consent from the participants/volunteers was taken prior to the sample collection. The samples were collected by professional medical officers of the Health Centre, Tezpur University (Central).

Consent for publication

Consent to publish the data was also taken prior to sample collection. The names of the patients/volunteers were kept anonymous, and only the microbial isolates were discussed thoroughly.

Competing interests

Author BK is a full-time Senior Professor at Tezpur University, Central, Assam, India, and receives a salary from the institution. Author SD is a full-time PhD scholar at the Tezpur University, Central, Assam, India, working under author BK; she was paid institutional fellowship by the institute from 2017 to 2021 during her PhD tenure.

Ethical approval for inclusion of human volunteers

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Tezpur University Ethical Committee (TUEC) of the Tezpur University (Central), Assam, India, with Registration No: DORD/TUEC/PROP/2022/02-R2.

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Das, S., Konwar, B.K. Prophylactic application of vaginal lactic acid bacteria against urogenital pathogens and its prospective use in sanitary suppositories. Int Microbiol 27, 179–202 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-023-00376-8

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