USA $2.95 February 1984
A Wayne Green Publication
The Commodore 64 & VIC-20 Magazine Mosquito Alert: An Itchy Problem Draw a Bead on the VIC Shooting Gallery
Finally, Functional Function Keys
Unleash Your Commodore's Graphics
Commodore 64 and VIC 20 .m
i. .:,
1-1 ■; ■i,,;iLT,..nt
o( Commodore Sualness Michlnas, Inc.
74470 12069
Chi:In 91 on HcÂŤdrn rimvico ceil,
Setting: the Standar Panther Compt Los Angelt
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d for the Indus try ter Corporation s, Calitornia
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The Assembler
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for the Commodore 64.
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Commodore Is a uademarK of
Commodore 64 disc retail price: $59.95
Commodore Electronics, Lid.
Dealer Inquiries Invited 1-800-222-7105 In CA 1-800-821 -7644
Panther Computer Corporation 12021 Wilshire Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Circle 163 oo RoaOw Service card,
Don't Play this Game (Habit Forming)
urn
SSimS CORPORATION
CORPORATION
Commodore 64 disc retail price: $29.95 VIC 20 cassette retail price: $15.95
Commodore Is a liademark of Commodora ElflCifonlcs. Lid VIC 20 is a Iradomarfc of Commodore Elaclronics. Ltd.
Dealer Inquiries Invited 1-800-222-7105 InCA 1-800-821-7644
Panther Computer Corporation ■
12021 Wllshire Blvd., £os Angeles, California 90025 Circla 162 on Reader Series card.
Vol.1, No. 2
February 1984
124 SpritenUp!
FEATURES
This C-64 program simplifies and takes the tedium out of programming sprite graphics. By Edward Roger
32 C-64 Graphics Galore Which program best utilizes your Commodore's graphics potential?
128 Reach Out and
By Gary D. McCIellan
40 Shortcut to Color Don't Poke around—use this simple Color Setter program to change your
border, background and character sel colors. By David E. Stanfield
76 Iron Hand or VIC-20? You've got to think quickly to expand your kingdom while forestalling grain
drain, especially during war.
By Charles T. Kowal
48 Database Deluxe This file handler for the C-64 or VIC-20 will store, categorize and sort your data with ease. By John Stilwell
56 Sure-Shootin' Gallery Step right up and take aim with this VIC-20 game that challenges your marksmanship. By Joe Rocke
64 A Taste of Arrays If you're hungry to know what arrays arc and what they can do for your programs, here's a s(ep-by-step
| tutorial to chew on.
By Sharon Zardetto Aker
70 Fancy Fingering on the Function Keys Finally! A program that lets you
define the VIC-20 function keys to your own needs. By John Tanzini
world by teaching it to touch-tone dial. By Jim Gnibbs
132 Create a VICasso
84 Be a VIC Memory Miser
when you design your own custom
Expand the horizons of your
characters. By Stephen Erwin
Your creativity knows no bounds
136 A Cure for the
By Robert W. Baker
Ailing Doctor's Office
88 Mystery of the
A C-64 is just what the doctor
Black Box Revealed Speedy little mosquitoes are your prey in this fast-paced game for the C-64.
Connect your C-64 with the outside
By Joseph J. Shaughnessy
unexpanded VIC-20 with these spaceand time-saving techniques.
44 Speedy Mosquito
Touch-Tone Someone
This illuminating article helps you get the most out of that mysterious black box called the 1541 disk drive. By Louis F. Sander
ordered. By George Boyd, M.D.
138 Beyond the Manual This programming lesson teaches you to assign values to variables. By Jeffrey Mills
94 Triple Threat Are you all thumbs when it comes to manipulating number bases? You'll never make an error with this triple
play combination—hex to octal lo decimal. By Neal D. Atkins
96 Tips You Won't Forget Try these tips to make your unexpanded VIC-20's skimpy 3.5K go farther. By Joseph H. Leonard
100 Disk Master Revisited Regain control of your disk information wilh this program that shows you what Tiles you've goi and where. By Robert W. Baker
114 The Straight A Program This program enables the absentminded professor and others to keep track of numerical data. By Norman Levitt
DEPARTMENTS 6 RUNning Ruminations
10 MAGIC Tips and hints column.
14 Commodore Clinic Questions and answers column.
18 Software Gallery 26 Video Casino Become a VIC-20 artist.
30 Mail RUN 142 RUN Amok 144 Book Gallery
150 Games RUNdown 154 Hardware RUNdown 158 Software RUNdown
RUN (0741-4285) u an Independent journal nn conntnn! wilh Commodmc Business Machines,
cnnyrighl 1933 by Wayne Grnrn, Inc. No pan of I his publication may be rtpriiilcd or olhnwiw
niincnplun fain 119.97. one year; 129.97. two yon; Ml.97. three jean. Canada am! Meiico 121.97. ont yew. U.S. ruruliilra.n on U.K. nanl. Foreign JW.97, one year. U.S. funds dr»«n on
Subfenplion Semen. PO Bon 954, larmingdalc, NT II7J7. NalionaUy tlwnbultd by InleirM1 tonal Circulation OiMiibulou. RUN makes every tflon 10 anurc rhe accuracy or articles, lining!
borough. NH. OMSK, and at additional nulling office Phone: 603-124-9471. Enlire cnnlcmi
oinlnium.
Inc. RUN a published monthly by Wa>™(irrtd. Inc.. MPine 51.. Pflcrtwioufh. NH 0J45B. U.S. U.S. bUk. I'oreitn Bir mail wliwnjitHnis-pleav inquire. .SrwiiU chra poiln[c pending
4 / RUN February I9K4
del-
reproduced without initial ptimmwn from Ihe publisher. Poflrrusn: stnd loin. #3579 Id RUN,
and ciiniiltinililnhcd in Ihc mniniliir. KlWajjuincjnu rejpnmibilily for danugn ifuctoerronor
Simulator II ■'.-•
Putyourself in the pllot'sseat of a Piperiai Cherokee Archerforanawe-tnspirlng flight over realistic scener
■ 'from New York to Los Angeles. High speed color-filted 3D graphics will give you a beautlfut panoramic vie
as you practice takeoffs, landings, and aerobatics. Complete documentation will get you airborne quickly > even if you've never flown before. When you think you're ready, you can play the World War I Ace aerial battle; game. Flight Simulator II features Include ■ animated color 3D graphics ■ day, dusk, and night flying modes
■ over 80 airports in four scenery areas: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, with additional scenery \ areas available ■ user-variable weather, from clear blue skies to grey cloudy conditions ■ complete flight Instrumentation ■ VOR, ILS, ADF, and DME radio equipped ■ navigation facilities and course plotting ■ World' War I Ace aerial battle game ■ complete information manual and flight handbook.
See your dealer... or wnts 01 call tor more inlormalkm. For direct coats ptease add S' £0 lor shipping ana specify UPS or tirst class mail delivery. American Express. Diner's Club, MasterCard, and Visa accepted.
Order Line: 800/637-4983 Circle .sii mi Read or Snrvlce card.
U0GIC
Corporation 713 Edgebrook Drive
Champaign IL 61820 (217)359-8482Telex:206995
R
U
KUtTOKI '■'.
N
RUNning Ruminations
I HUH I • Sli
WAVNE GREEN PUBLICATIONS
KIOTOK-IN-OIUT
[Vnnis Bri&son
TECHNICU.; in 11 m Guy Wright COPY EDITOR
Making a List, Checking It Twice...
Swain PrsH
the accuracy of its published programs.
REVIEW EDITOR Shown [.afiammc
Nobody's Prefect
Program listings are not manually
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Marilyn Annum rilllfll HI
\!>l K
llaiold Bjutnrfii ASSOCIATE EDITORS
In response to the premiere issue, readers have inundated us with tele phone calls and letters. The nature of
Robert Baker. David Busch. I.ojis Sandri.
many were complimentary; some were
Jim Slrasma
critical; but most were suggestive (in the helpful, not the risque, sense).
PKIIDUCTION DIRECTOR
Nancy Salmon t.nrTORIAI. DESIGN MANAGER
And what was the topic most often
KnsiiJi tiross
mentioned?
i.Avotrr editors
course—the bugaboo of microcomput ing publishing.
Joan Ahem. Phil (iciaci. MauieUc Godoy. Sue Hays, Judy Ohver, Phyllis Pilltt PASTE-UP ARTISTS Lin&i Urcw, Mkhacl lrord. Marjimc Gillies,
Anne Kocchio, 1-ynnc Simonwn. Kennclh Snlcflffa *[> PRODUCTION
Program
listings,
of
Keying in programs is a time-con suming task that can be very rewarding or very frustrating. (If you've ever spent
Janr Prcslon
several hours in front of your computer
A I) I ! if 1K1IIM Hilt .
typing in a listing only to end up with an
I'll ttradlry. F'mild Ramsey
FILM PRODUCTION Tim mas Vilicneuve. supervisory Sandra DjhtllF.
Donna Hartwcli, Laurie Jenmson. Sturdy Thomas. Theresa Vcrvillc. Robert ViUcncuve TYPESETTING
Sin Bedell, v li'.-rM'L'T. Ddrlene Dailey. Maiie Harkci. I'rcm Krishna {iuugaju. Lynn Hainci.
Cjmlhb LclnurnrilLi, KimbeiLy Nudeuu, Dchlnc NulliiiR, I mdy I'almiuiriu. Heidi Thonuu. Sue Wellei
CBEATTVE DIRECTOR Otftahc I>esircmp« D0S1UN MANAGER Jojtc PillareLi
DI-SICN CONSULTANT Surannc Torsheya
CHIEF COPVWHIFKH fiTtvc Tripp i I
■ I I ■■ I! I
11
: ■ 111 - HUM
"Out
of
Data,"
"?Syntax
"UndePd Statement"
Error,"
or other error
message, you know what I mean.) RUN'S readers are active computer-
Mall Smilh
ASSISTANT TO THE VP/I1NANCE Dominique Smith DIKECTOR OK MMIHI1M; A SALES
David Sctuwltr WRECTOR OF CIRCULATION William p. llowanl
RETAIL A NEWSSTAND SALES HANAOEB Gincitc Boudricau (SCO) 34JO72S
DIRECTOR OF ADVERTISING Slcplicn Twombly APVERTLSING SALES Gioiaio Saluti. salei manaeer; LoutK O'SuUivan;
Heather Oulnvdi toordinatur (6H3) W4-7138
PUBLIC RELATIONS MANACEB Jim Leonard
6 / RUN February 1D84
a letter-quality printer. In the process, those hard-to-read graphics characters
are translated into clear and concise in structions (see "How to type listings"). In this issue, you will notice one im provement to our listings: We have slashed all the zeroes in the listings. We're sure this change will help our readers better distinguish between zero and the letter O when entering listings. We will continue our method of list ing the program with the text, which readers feel is better than flipping back and forth between listing and article. Readers should be alerted to the fact
checksum reader, as a further check on the accuracy of the listings. Even with all these safeguards, there still exists the possibility of incorrectly entering a listing. The number one cause of programs not working proper
his time fixing program lines when he could be using the program? RUN makes every effort to provide
plauded our efforts and found the pro gram listings easy to read.
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT/VP
are generated from that tape or disk on
grammer. After all, who wants to spend
V1OE PHESIUKNT/CENERAL MANAGE X
Ruiicr Murphy
tests and debugs, if necessary. Listings
that RUN will be making the programs
easy-to-use listings.
Dthra Wei her bee
or disk, which a technical editor then
ists looking for good programs to type into their machines and add to their software libraries. They shouldn't have to be concerned about the technical ac curacy of the published listings in our magazine. We feel that debugging should be left to the more serious pro
Wayne Giccn
VICE PRESIDEM/^^ANtE
typed. That's really asking for trouble. Program listings are submitted on tape
Many readers ap
However, even in the most well-in
tentioned system, bugs can creep in. When it comes to publishing listings, editors have everything—from ill-hu mored gremlins to Murphy's law— working against them. And so it happened in our premiere
issue. Some program lines were inad vertently left out of the published list
ings. The missing lines are printed in this issue (sec page 142). If we err again, we will print the cor
rections in the following issue. But the trick is to catch the errors before they are published.
To put our readers' minds at ease, RUN has redoubled its efforts to ensure
published in the magazine available on
tape and disk. So, if a program looks too intimidating to type in, you may want
to
wait
until it
is
offered
on
magnetic media. We are also considering the use of a
ly is user error. We will be doing all we
can to make sure that our listings are error-free. It's up to you to be careful when entering listings. We're
considering
implementing
22-column VIC listings and 40-column C-64 listings to match the computer's screen display. This will aid the reader
in the entry and checking of the pro grams entered from the magazine.
RUN will remain dedicated to pro viding useful, economical, game and application programs for the VIC-20 and C-64 user. When the need arises,
we'll always
be
flexible enough
for
change to accommodate the needs of
our readers. db
Circle 93 on Roader Service ca>tl
WordPro 3 PIus764
The #1 Selling Word Processor for the Commodore 64T
WordPro 3 Plus"764 and SpellRight Plus'" provide a total word processing solution for the Commodore 64" which gives you: * Sophisticated Word Processing
* Built-in Mail Merging lor Form Letters
* Math Functions for Column Totals * Fast and Complete Spell Checking via SpellRight Plus * A Super Value (two programs) (or Only $99.95!
WordPro and SpellRight are both specifically designed for the novice user with no computer or word processing experience whatsoever. And with over 40,000 WordPro versions sold, you can be sure that WordPro is a very sophisticated word processor loaded with powerful features including: Transfer, Insert, Delete, and Rearrange Text, Auto Page Numbering, Math Functions, Headers, Footers, Global Search and Replace, the Ability to Create Multiple Personalized Letters and Documents, and much more. WordPro can create documents of virtually any length and will print up to 165 columns wide. You get all of this PLUS fast and complete spell checking using SpellRight Plus!
SpellRight Plus locates and highlights misspelled words and
then allows you to quickly correct the misspellings —
improving the quality of your letters and reports.
And, best of all, WordPro and SpellRight's powerful arsenal
of features can be put to use almost immediately — by even the novice user. So whether you're a student, professional writer, in business, education or a hobbyist, you'll quickly become a WordPro Pro!
Both WordPro and SpellRight Plus are also available separately at popular computer outlets nationwide. Invest In the best.. .WordPro Plus. In a class by Itself.
Professional Software Inc. 51 Fremont Street
Needham, MA 02194
Telex: 951579
Dealer and Distributor inquiries are invited.
WordPro 3 Plus~/64 and SpellRight Plus™ are trademarks ot Professional Software Inc.
The WordPro Plus Series was designed and wrilten by Sieve Punter of Pro-Micro Software Lid. SpellRight Plus was designed and written by Dwigfil Huft and Joe Spatafora of SpellMastor Syslems. Inc. Some piinlors may not support certain WordPro 3 Plus (unctions and/or require an interlace. Please chock with your dealer. Commodore 64- Is a trademark of Commodore Electronics Ltd.
(617)444-5224
RUN Wants You! We're not looking for just a few good articles. We're not even looking for a lot of good articles. We are looking for a lot of great articles! You have
them and we want them! RUN magazine is going to be the best magazine ever for the Commodore 64 and V1C-20. We have a little ways to go, and we need your help. Send us that clever programming technique you stumbled upon, that fantastic game you designed, that utility program that is going to revolu tionize the way people use their computers. Write it down! Mail it to us! We pay real money for articles if they are good enough. What sort of articles? Any and everything under the Commodore sky. You and your computer have gone through a lot together, and you must
have learned quite a few things along the way. Share that knowledge with the rest of us.
What son of unique tricks, styles, applications, experiences did you pick
Manuscripts Contributions in the form of man uscripts
with
loss or
damage
Please
enclose
really marvelous? Basic programming or programming in Basic, humor or satire, cartoons or
never know, we may just buy it, and your name will be in lights!.. .or ink, anyway.
Send your submissions to:
any
self-addressed,
material.
Pine Street Peterborough, NH 03458 ' Phone: 603-924-9471
Advertising Offices Elm Street
numbers, user groups, sorts, soups, nuts, facts and even fictions. We are proud, but we'll read anything in English. If you aren't sure that
to a
Editorial Offices
games, assembly language or assembling projects, tips, trips, high scores,
your idea is the kind of thing that we are looking for, try >t anyway! You
and/or
stamped envelope with each submis sion. Payment for the use of any un solicited material will be made upon acceptance. All contributions should be directed to RUN editorial offices. "How to Write for RUN" guidelines are available upon request.
up on the way to where you are now? What do you do with your Commodore 64 or VIC-20 that no one else does? What programs have you written that are
drawings
photographs are welcome and will be considered for possible publication. We can assume no responsibility for
Peterborough, NH 03458 Phone: 603-924-7138 Circulation Offices
Pine Street Peterborough, NH 03458 Phone: 603-924-9471
RUN
80 Pine Street Peterborough, NH 03458 For a copy of the RUN author's guidelines, send us a self-addressed,
To Subscribe, Renew
stamped envelope.
or Change an Address
How to type listings from RUN magazine Typing in listings can be difficult enough without having to worry about
strange graphics characters, charts or lables. That's why we decided to make it easy to enter listings from RUN by translating everything we thought might be confusing in any program. When you see something in brackets, all you have to do is press the keys indi
Write to RUN, Subscription De partment, PO Box 954, Farmingdale, NY 11737. For renewals and changes of address, include the ad dress label from your most recent is sue of RUN. For gift subscriptions, include your name and address as
well as those of gift recipients.
cated. For example: [SHIFT L]—means hold down the shift key and press the L key at the same time. [COMD J]—means hold down the Commodore key (it is on the lower left side
of the keyboard) and press the J key at the same time. [SHIFT CLR]—hold down the shift key and press the CLR/HOME key. [HOME]—press the CLR/HOME key without shifting. [CTRL 6]—hold down the control key and press the 6 key. [FUNCT 2]—function 2 (in this case, you hold down the shift key and press the
function 1 key).
Subscription
Problem or Question Write
to
RUN,
Subscription
Department, PO Box 954, Farmingdale, NY 11737. Please include an address label.
[CRSR UP] [CRSR DN] [CRSR LF] [CRSR RT]—these are the four cursor directions. [UP ARROW]—means the arrow key (the one with the pi sign under it). [POUND]—the British pound sign (£).
[PI]—the pi sign key (n); (shift and press the up arrow key).
Problems with Advertisers Send a description of the problem
In some instances, when a large number of characters or spaces are repeated in a listing, we will represent them this way: [22 spaces] or [17 CRSR LFs).
and your current address to: RUN,
We hope Ihis system will make it easier to enter the listings without having to remember or refer to any charts or conventions. If you have any suggestions as
NH 03458, ATTN.: Rita B. Rivard, Customer Service Manager. If ur
to how we might improve the system to make it even easier, drop us a letter.
gent, call 1-800441-4403.
8 / RUN February 1984
Rt. 101 & Elm Street, Peterborough,
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MAGIC is tricks, MAGIC is fun. MAGIC is doing what cannot be done.
Compiled by Louts F. Sander
magic MAGIC is a monthly column of hints, tricks and
odds and ends from the worlds of software, hardware and applications. 1 â&#x2013; "
Every month, MAGIC brings you brief and useful com puter tricks from around the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;tricks that others have found to make computing easier, more enjoyable or more exciting.
MAGIC features simple hardware ideas, one-line programs, useful subroutines, little-known computer facts and similar items of interest. We look for new or recycled material that is of current value to Commodore computerists and that can be implemented
with a minimum of time, effort, or theoretical knowledge. Sendyourown tricksto: MAGIC c/o Louis F. Sander
PO Box 15253 Pittsburgh, PA 15237 U.S.A. RUN will pay up to $50 for each unpublished trick we print. Note: MAGIC's tricks are numbered in hexadecimal for pour edification.
This month we have a series of tricks to use when pre senting information on the screen, plus some sorcery for hex/decimal and decimal/hex conversions. As usual, oneline programs and interesting antiquities have also been conjured up for your pleasure. And remember, you can let your hobby help pay for it
140 PRINT ASB$CSD"E"
The semicolon must be included in this line: 150 PRINT F;G
If it were removed, the computer would print the value of
variable FG, which is not what is wanted.
self by sending your good ideas to us. We print all sorts of useful information—tell us about your own tricks, and if
L.F.S.
we use them, we'll send you a check.
$15 Commas—Putting a comma between two items in
$12■ Detecting keypresses—When using GET to detect a
the next preset "tab stop" on the screen. On the Commo dore 64, there are four tab stops per screen line, while on
keypress, the fact that previous keystrokes are saved in the
keyboard buffer can be a nuisance. Often, when a game is finished, you will want the player to restart the game by hit
ting a key. Here is a common way to do it:
a Print statement causes the second item to be printed at
the VIC-20, there are only two. Additional commas be tween the items cause additional tab stops to be skipped. If you want A and B to be printed at tab stops 1 and 4,
here's a tricky way to do it:
510 PRINT-PRESS ANY KEY TO RUN"
100 PRINT A,,B
520 GETAS:IFAS = "" THEN520
L.F.S.
530 RUN
Those lines will run the program again even if a key was hit before line 510 is executed. You can fix the problem by adding the line 500 FORI- lTO10:GETA$:NEXT. You can do the same thing in one line by replacing lines
500-530 with this: 500 PRINT'TRESS ANY KEY TO RUN" :POKE 198.0:WAIT 198, !:RUN
"POKE198,0" clears the keyboard buffer. "WA1T198,1" tells the computer to sit there and wait unti! a key is pressed. Westmoreland Commodore Newsletter
$16 Screen
framing—Here's another "antiquity," this
time from the first issue of an old newsletter called The PET Paper (circa
1978).
The routine prints a frame
around the screen of a Commodore PET, but it works fine for a C-64. If you change a few numbers, it will also work on the VIC-20. 3000 REM " FRAME ROUTINE " 3010 PRINT " [clear] ";:FOR 1= 1TO39:PR!NT F$;:NEXT1:PRINT "[cursor up)" 3020 FOR 1 = 1TO23:PRINT FSTAB(38)FS:NEXTI
!pj.«$ Quotation marks—When using the Print state ment with material enclosed in quotes, it is oflen accept able to eliminate Ihe second quotation mark. For exam
ple, the computer will treat these two statements just the same:
3030 FOR I = 1TO39:PRINT F$;:NEXT1:PR1NT "[home]"
In this routine, FS can represent any character. You can replace F$ in the routine with your favorite character
(enclosed in quotes, of course) or change F$ each time you draw the frame. For example: 40 F$-"X":GOSUB 3000.
100 PRINT "MAGIC IS FUN" 110 PRINT "MAGIC IS FUN
Eliminating the second quotation mark saves a byte of memory, a keystroke and a space on the screen line, which are all important from time to time. But be careful—the
But remember—if you use this routine as a subroutine, you must add a line 3040 Return, and you need an End statement somewhere above the routine so you don't fall into it as your program executes. The PET Paper
last letter of the material in quotes must be [he last thing in
the program line. Because of the GOTO in this statement, the second quote, 120 PRINT "ABRACADABRA": GOTO 120, must be retained.
Because of the semicolon after this Print statement, you also need the closing quote,
130 PRINT "LEGERDE
MAIN"; L.F.S.
$17 Programmable Cursor Control—You can position
the cursor anywhere on the screen by using a routine like this: 10 XS = "[39 crsr righls]":Y$= "[24 crsr downs) 100X = 20:Y= 10:GOSUB 3000
$141 Semicolons—It is often acceptable to eliminate the semicolons between several items that are to be printed on
the same line. As long as there is no ambiguity about where one item ends and the next begins, the semicolons are unnecessary. In this example: 140 PRINT AS;BS;CS;D;"E"
the dollar signs and quote marks make it absolutely clear which item is which. The line can easily be shortened to:
110 PRINT "SORCERY" 2999 END 3000 REM •* POSITION CURSOR •■
3010 PRINT ' ■[home]1 PLEFT$<X$.X)LEFT$(Y$,Y);: RETURN
Variables X$ and Y$ should be set up early in the pro gram and never changed. The code in Line 100 establishes
the desired cursor position, then calls the subroutine in 3000, which positions the cursor on column X and line Y. (X = 0 for the leftmost column, Y —0 for the topmost
line.) On return from the subroutine, line 110 prints the RUN Februaiy 1084 / II
desired material at that position. Line 2999 prevents un wanted execution of the subroutine. The PET Paper, Vol. I, #1
$18 More programmable cursor control—Once you
un
derstand the technique in Trick $17, you can shorten things by eliminating line 10 and changing line 3010 to read: 3010PRINT "Ihome]"LEFTSn24 eisr downs]",Y)TAB(X);:RETURN
Kathleen Mead
$19
Hexadecimal counting—To leam about the hexa decimal numbering system, it's helpful to count things in hex. That's why we number our tricks hexadecimally. (In case you haven't noticed!) The "pound sign" or "number
sign" shows that what follows is a number, while the dollar sign is a widely-used convention to indicate hexadecimal notation. There's also a convention for indicating binary notation—the percent sign—but it's not seen so often. L.F.S.
A good plug for the 5-pin audio/video monitor socket is the Radio Shack #274-003, available in any Radio Shack store. Six- and seven-pin DIN plugs for the disk/printer and power sockets are available at electronics parts stores carrying the Switchcraft PREH line of con nectors. The 6-pin is Switchcraft 012BL6M, and the 7-pin is 015GM7M; current prices are in the $2.50 range.
The Control Port, which accepts a joystick or paddle controller, takes a standard female plug known as the DB-9, made by many manufacturers. The Radio Shack
#276-1538 will fit this port, and the optional #276-1539 hood will give the connection a nicely finished appearance. Each part costs about $2. The television connector on the Commodore 64 takes a very common plug known as a phono plug or an RCA plug. A variety of inexpensive phono plugs are stocked at
Radio Shack, audio stores and wherever electronic parts are sold. The Cassette and User Port connectors arc called print ed circuit board edge connectors. Edge connectors are made in a huge variety of types and grades, so finding the
right one is like looking for a needle in a hayslack. The ones for your Commodore are standard items for %B-inchthick PC boards, with contacts on .156-inch centers. The
3> xA One-liner department—The first of two one-liners
this month is a hex to decimal converter. It converts a fourdigit hex number, expressed as string variable H$, to its decimal equivalent, expressed as numeric variable D. It is as follows:
User Port takes a 12-position dual-sided conneclor, while
the Cassette connector uses a 6-posilion single- or dualsided connector. Give those specs to your parts man. He can tell you what he has, which might include a variety of types in a price range from $2 to over $10. The cheaper connectors are fine for your purposes, and you'll probably want the
To see the routine in action, add these two lines, then run the program: 50 INPUT "HEX";HS ISO PRINT D
A.W. Grym
J) J. I> Another one-liner—A complemenlary one-liner is this decimal to hex converter, which converts decimal number D to its four-digit hex equivalent H$:
kind with solder lugs rather than wire-wrap pins or other special terminals. A good User Port connector in the $2 price range is the TRW/Cinch #5O-24SN-9 or equivalent; a similar connec tor for the Cassette Port is the TRW/Cinch 05O-12SN-9. If possible, also get a polarizing key for each connector. This key is a tiny piece of plastic that slips into the connec tor and fits into a slot cut in the PC board; it keeps the connector from being inserted upside down. We couldn't find a source for Expansion Port connec tors, which are male PC edge connectors. If you know of a source, tell us about it. Victor H. Pilre
(43 + D% - (D<7o>9).7):D = I6.(D - D<K>):NEXT
You can test the converter by adding it, plus 250
PRINT H$ to the program in Trick 1A. A.W.Grym
•t> II) Color Pokes—It's easy to remember the poke
values for the first eight V1C/C-64 colors—the poke is one less than the number on the color's key. BLK is on the
$1C■ Connectors—When you attach external devices to
your computer, you need special cables, which you can often make yourself if you have the right connectors. This trick identifies the connectors used on Commodore ma chines and gives specific information on finding them in stores.
The round connectors used for power, video monitor and disk/printer hookups are often called "DIN" con nectors, after the German standards organization respon sible for their design. DIN connectors are frequently used in audio equipment, especially that made in Europe, so connectors and patch cords can often be found in audio stores.
12 / RUN February 1984
1 key, so its poke is 0; WHT is on the 2 key, so its poke is 1, and so on. Margaret Hid
$1E
Selecting disks—Commodore disk drives specify
the use of soft sectored disks, which are the type with a
single index hole punched into the magnetic media. In re ality, Commodore drives don't use the disk index hole at all, so they'll work with hard sectored (many-holed) disks
as well. Paul A it ken head
Circle A on ResOer Service card.
RUN February 1984 / 13
Commodore Clinic By Jim Strasma
Commodore clinic is a regular monthly column designed to help you, the RUN reader, through any troubles or questions you have as you use your new VIC-20 or C-64 computer. Send questions to:
Jim Strasma 1238 Rich/and Ave.
want; 2) press the Cursor Down until
well as tokens and
the first line of the listing is at (he top of
stock or sold.
the screen; 3) Cursor Up to the line just
I would hate to have lo reinvent the
below the first section; and 4) type the second list command. If both listings
wheel by starting from scratch. My intention is to do some of the paper
will fit on screen at once, with a few
work at home on my C-64, to get
lines to spare, this should work. If not,
more time with my patients. I hate to admit how much of my time has to be
consider getting a printer. It will vastly
ease the work of studying long listings.
Lincoln, IL 62656
(Also include a stamped self-ad dressed reply envelope if you would like a personal reply.)
commands (up to eight letters from one key)? Dennis Hallingstad Sparta, Wl
.£».: No Poke is needed. Simply type the mishitted first character of the Basic
more than two per frame) accesses to the \ K'-ll command and memory con
trol registers cause RAM to be scram bled at random. I suspect lhat the re fresh from the 6567 is disrupted in some
Since some Basic words can be con fused, you may need to type the firs! two characters unshifted, and then shift For
instance,
G(shift)O is the same as GOTO, where as GO(shift)S is the same as GOSUB. If you need other shortened com mands, you may want to buy a pro
grammer's aid with a Key command, such as power and Sysres. These allow a whole phrase (or in Power's case, a
whole subroutine) to be activated by a single keystroke.
to help you. He uses PET model com puters similar to your C-64 for animal behavior control experiments, and he has published some programs on the
up with was (o insert delays (at least one frame time) between control register ac
2071 North 1600 East, North Logan,
subject.
His address
is:
UT 84321.
Michael A. Kskin San Diego, CA
J_~- From what I've read and learn ed from a dealer, Tally printers are trouble-free and sturdy, and Tally pro
/\.: Your VIC chip may be off in its bus timing. It accesses the same bus as
the microprocessor, and it is quite im portant for them to stay out of each other's way. Yours may be the same problem, in the opposite direction, as the one which caused "sparkle" on the screens of many early 64s. It may be that a different 64 won'! have the problem. Also, instead of al
vides maintenance.
Can I expect any
extra service or help by paying a local dealer
$400
more
than
Dennis Hallingstad Sparta, WI
Are there that many problems inter
have probems, can I get help via the Commodore Information Network on CompuServe? Trin Woolen
ways waiting a full frame time, you
Rossville, GA
could just watch for a refresh, or possi bly force one. printers
are
among
the
according to a
\£- Are there any database or ac
friend who is a Tally repairman. Yes,
counting software programs that have
Tally will
been adapted for behavior modifica
few hours if you're willing to pay the
repair your
unit within
a
tion data? I am a psychologist at a
fee, which may even include air fare if
stale hospital, where we are involved with many behavior modification
you live far enough from a service cen
programs, generating reams of paper
.: There is no Poke for this yet. Next best is lo: 1) list the first section you
same
facing and operating a C-64 with a non-Commodore printer? And if I
.: Tally
rate sections of a program?
the
printer would cost via mail order?
most durable of all,
£'- What is the Poke to list two sepa
Sof-Touch,
into this matter.
is accepted by the computer just as though you had typed the whole word.
T\.: Professor Ed Crossman will try
way. The only solution we could come
character with the shift key down. This
14 / RUN February 1984
paper
Elgin, IL
£' We are developing a light pen for
word you want and then type its second
character.
staff meetings and
Herb Gross
cesses. I would appreciate some insight
third
spent on work.
the 64. But it seems that rapid (i.e.,
£ What is Ihe Poke for shortened
the
commodities in
work. We have to keep (rack of base lines and
responses to
programs, as
ter. It may well be worth an extra few hundred dollars to go with a local dealer who has used the Tally exten sively with the C-64 and knows how to
use all ils features. Basic interfacing to the C-64 is sim ple, via a Card/? or similar serial bus interface. But full control of graphic features is anything but simple on any printer. If graphics are very important to you, lake another look at Epson's
chine language to speed up the action, and the Emulator only fixes Basic pro
though it seems) are usually interfaced to the serial bus via smart interfaces,
grams. Don't expect it to work with
such as Cardco's Card/?. Serial printers
programs that include the command SYS or USR (). There is also a problem
That port works well too, but it is rarely
using the Commodore public domain
supported by commercial software.
FX-80 or C. Itoh's Prowriter. Both are
disks on some C-64s. This is reportedly remedied by a small program available
already supported by current models
from many user groups.
are usually connected via the User Port.
of the Card/? interface. As for the Net
I can't find continuous form-
work, don't expect Commodore to be very interested in helping you hook up
a
non-Commodore
printer
using
a
non-Commodore interface, no matter
how you contact them.
ÂŁ
ty
Can I use Cardco's Prinler Utili
Package
graphics
on
to
Commodore
(he Mannesman!! Tally
MT180-L printer? Ils ad claimed "Ep son code response."
J^
J\.: There are two major ways com
J\: Sorry, the Tally isn't listed as compatible
in
Cardco's
literature.
However, if it truly accepts Epson's
with the 4040 disk and other IEEE-488
Graftrax commands, it might work anyway. Check with Tally (Kent, WA) and Cardco {Wichita, KS) to be
devices. One type consists only of the
sure.
panies have connected the 64 to work
Interpod, ($180 from Oxford Comput
er Systems). It plugs into the serial bus, just like the 1541 disk, and takes no
^: How do I anticipate printer in compatibility problems with wordpro-
C64-Link ($140 from Computer Mar
should I run a serial or a parallel printer
keting Services) and by the Bus Card
on my 64? Why?
plug into the cartridge port and must occupy
some
memory
space,
cessor or spreadsheet software? Also,
Kenneth Benson Columbia, SC
even
though they are usually able to stay out
of the way of other programs. (Com modore's own $60 IEEE-488 cartridge may also soon be available.) In general, the Interpod will work
with more programs more easily than the C64~Link. However, it is 4 times slower than the C64-Link. Therefore, I use one of each, connected simultane ously. The Bus Card is more difficult to connect than the C64-Link, but works
with more programs without effort. One other hint: when using a dual
disk with a 64, leave a junk disk in drive number one when it is not in use. Sever
al 64 programs try to initialize that drive, and halt if it doesn't contain a usable disk.
'- My PET Emulator always crash es on a public domain games disk. Why? Connie Archambault
Meriden, CT
J\.: Many games are written in ma
doesn't
look
professional.
Any
sug
gestions? Connie Archambault
Meriden, CT
l\.: Press-on mail labels may not look professional, but neither will dot-
matrix printing on envelopes. A quick worker can apply labels almost as fast as the Epson prints them.
You could ask your dealer about trading in the FX-80 on the newly an nounced FX-I00, which has a wider
memory space at all. The other type is typified by the
($200 from Batteries Included). These
is 10 '/, inches. I can do labels, but that
Rossville, GA
up lo my 64? Rcsida, CA
is ten inches, and the narrowest carrier
Trin Wooten
can I hook a 4040 disk drive Steve Shubitz
envelopes narrow enough to fit in my Epson FX-80 prinler. Its maximum
J\.: The surest way to avoid compati
bility problems is to buy the software first, and buy the printer recommended by the creators of the program. Next best is to buy a Commodore printer be
carriage.
If
looking
professional
is
worth at least $3000 to you, trade up to
a daisywheel printer with an envelope feeder.
^: ls '' possible for relative files lo co-exist peace fully with other DOS filesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;that
is,
without
writing
over
them? Also, I am stuck at opening a rel
ative file with a VIC or 64. Any sugges tions? Bob Sullivan
Oak Park, IL
cause nearly everything for the VIC or 64 supports them, among others.
If you will be buying the printer first, try to interface it via the serial bus, so it will look as much like a Commodore
: Yes, that is one advantage of rela
Also, look for programs that allow you
tive files over rect-access file files. Relative access to any
as many choices of printers as possible.
keep themselves separate from all other
printer to the computer as possible.
direct-access files. A di may not respect existing files give equally flexible record within a file, but
For example, Paperclip (from Batteries
files properly allocated in the BAM.
Included) goes out of its way to work
Relative files also appear properly in the disk directory, and are compatible with DOS's Validate command.
with almost any printer. As for the type of connection, paral
Here is a short routine to create a
lel printers can be a bit faster than serial printers and cost a bit less, but they are
relative file from a VIC or 64. NAME is
also harder to connect to the computer
the name of the file, RL is the desired
from more than a few feet away.
record length, from 2-254, and NR is the maximum number of records antici
Clouding the issue is the fact that the VIC and 64 don't support either one
pated. (NR times RL must total a few
without added hardware or software.
blocks less than the remaining space on
This currently tilts the balance in favor of parallel printers, which (surprising
the disk.) Device 8 and drive 0 are also assumed. RUN February 1984 / 15
HOME
CALC
sim
Meet the Sim Software Family The Sim software family teaches, entertains, and makes many jobs easier. Its members perform like you've never seen before. Every Sim program can teach you a new trick. Even our application and game software deliver educational extras. All at a very affordable price. Sim gives you those special little touches which make our software such a great value. The INSIDE BASIC SERIES for example. We give you the ability to learn from the program. After you have bet on the horses
in
KENTUCKY DERBY,
devised trivia questions to
stump your friends with QUIZ ME, or created invoices
for your hobbycraft sales with FORM GENERATOR, you just might want to see how the program was put
Entertainment
together. So we've included the programmer's notesf. Budding programmers can use these notes to change the odds on the horse race, insert a special feature in a quiz, or add a custom wrinkle to a form. Sim gives you the power to do it. ALL INSIDE BASIC programs come with both the Commodore 64 and VIC 20 versions on the same disk or
cassette. If you plan to upgrade to the Commodore 64, you won't lose your investment in software. And if you have both computers you can use the program on either unit.
Take our software family home to your family. They'll love each other. tProgrammer's nolos available Ireo with response card and include program overview, line by line description, complete listing, variable chart, andsuggesled changes
Kentucky Derby Bet on your favorite horses There's nolhing more fun than a day at the races. Especially when you don't have to leave your living room. This popular program features colorful hi-resolution graphics and authenlic sounds Pick your favorite horse or ask Hoi Tip Sam. Bet to win. place, or show and watch them gallop of I! Experienceihe thrill as your horse crosses the finish line and your payoff appears on the tote board. KENTUCKY DERBY is an exciting game for all ages and may be played with up to (our players. Commodore 64/VIC 20+8K
(suggested retail: $19.95)'
Number JottO Outwit your opponents Deduction, logic, and patience are the skills you must master to win the game. The object is to discover your secret jotlo number using Ihe least number of tries. Each move is your probe that the computer must respond to with two hints. Think carelully, examine your guess chart on the screen, eliminale and choose
wisely. Your opponent may show no mercy. NUMBER JOTTO is an ideal strategy game for the entire family and may be played with up to lour people Commodore 64/VIC 20t8K
(suggested retail: $14.95)*
COMPUTER PRODUCTS INC.
Lee Park Office Complex • 1100 East Hector Street • Whitemarsh. PA 19428 • (215) 825-4250
Education Quiz Me Test your knowledge and build study skills QUIZME is a computer aided testing program. Using tts powerful editor, parents and teachers can easily
create aquiz for any subject. You can load, save, and print out your quiz2es. Create as many quizzes as you like with up to 50 problems per quiz on the Commodore 64. QUIZ ME is designed to allow multiple choice, fill in the blanks, and for those questions where spelling is not important, approximate answers. You can specify the number of tries per problem. There are
advanced features that allow you to specify the time you have to answer and the number of points awarded for each problem. Upon completion ol the quiz, automatic scoring, percentage scaling, and loiter grading give the student his complete results.
QUIZ MEgivesconlinuous reinforcement and encourages you to try harder and learn more. QUIZME is an exceptional program for parents and teachers who wish to make learning more enjoyable. Commodore 64/VIC 2I>8K (suggested retail: $19.95)*
Colorcraft Etch, sketch, and animate your way to a better understanding of computers. Using the keyboard, children can create their own fun-filled stories with full color graphics. COLORCRAFT will then take their story and animate il on the screen. Hours of
enjoyment await, and the fun does not have to end today. You can save your story for tomorrow.
Plus, COLORCRAFT helps children and adults become familiar with computer basics like cursors, graphics and function keys, and simple word processing commands.
After a child learns the fundamentals, there are advanced features like speed control and diagonal cursor movement. COLORCRAFT comes wtth an easy to follow user manual including
a
glossary of
COLORCRAFT will children's creativity.
computer
teach
and
terms and
a
step
by
step sample
animation.
entertain your entire family while stimulating
your Commodore 64/VIC 20-memory enpansion not required (suggested retail: $24.95)*
Business/Home
Form Generator Input, calculate, and fill in the blanks You can use your existing forms or create your own right on the screen Applications include all types of business forms, invoices, vouchers, statements, and labels. FORM GENERATOR lets you set up a master which you can use to generate completed forms. Anytime you wish to print out a form, simply load in the
master and run. FORM GENERATOR will ask you for the fill-in information needed to complete the form. Next, it will calculate and fill in the blanks. You can then print or save your completed form. It's that easy. You'll be amazed at the lime you save and the professional look of your lorms. Requirements: Commodore 1525. 1526 Or compatible
Features: labels and formulas: add, subtract, multiply, divide
printer 16K memory expander recommended
automatic inlormahon prompting default inpul values
on the VIC 20
tiled decimal number formatting repeat sequences (a must lor invoicing)
Commodore 64/VIC 2f>GK
multiple copy printing
(suggested retail: S29.95)*
Home-Calc The lowest priced, easiest to use spreadsheet Spreadsheets are one of the most popular programs and have many applications in the home: investments,
payment schedules, home finances, car expenses, and more.
The easy reading manual, simple
instructions, and easy-to-execute commands make setting up a spreadsheet a snap. HOME-CALC doesn't confuse you with lots of fancy functions and commands. A beginner can havea home budget sheel working
in an hour. If you're more sophisticated and want to use it in your business that's okay too. HOME-CALC is ready to handle "what if?, how much?, and bottom line" calculations. Load, save, and print spreadsheets.
Features: sum, roplicalo. rocalculoto
noiiuiremnnis Commodore 1525. 1526 or compatible printer
tillcnnd formula cnpnbihty add. subtract, multiply, and divide selectable column width and number formats
Commodore 64
machine language speed
(suggested retail: $24.95]*
To Order call or writo
Viss/M.lstiMard aensplsd. add SI 50 COD add SI 50. All orders must include £2 00 shipping pa & NJ HisujMiis ti<ln G% sains inn
•Pricw quoiftd Ht lor c.iv.i-ltr venJoni only. Add SS.00 lor ditk.
Clrgls 105onRo»der Service curd.
Look for Sim Software al your local dealer.
Commodore 64 and VIC 20 are trademarks of Commodore Electronics Ltd.
Software Gallery Compiled by Shawn Laflamme
which has been around a long time for some other systems, has finally been converted for (he VIC-20 and Commo dore 64.1 tested the C-64 version, which is provided on a 1541-format, 5 W-inch floppy disk. Turmoil divides ihc screen into nine horizontal corridors, someihing like a
musical staff, except that a center col umn is provided for your ship to roam
up and down. Pressing the joystick in a northerly or southerly direction will move the ship to the (op or bottom of ihe screen. Easl-wcst movement will re verse
direction,
Defender-style,
en
abling you to shoot down any corridor you choose.
Movement up and down, facing first one way and then the other while firing, can be fast and furious. Your challenge is to shoot various objects that travel from one side of the screen to the other through the corridors. Most succumb lo a well-placed bul let. Some, like the ghost ship, you can
not kill at all. You can slow the robot tank by forward fire, bul not destroy it; only attack from the rear will score a point. Pulsating Prizes
Report Card
Periodically, a "prize" will appear at
Turmoil
the far end of a corridor. When that
others.
This Fast-Paced Shool-'Em-Up
the only time during the game when
B—Very Good.
Leaves No Room for Indecision.
A—Superb! An exceptional program that outshines all
One of ihe beticr programs available in iis category. A worthy addition to your soft
happens, you can move down the hall and capture the pulsating prize. This is
Hesitate, and You're a Goner!
ware library. C—Good. Lives up lo its billing. No K.tsjJcs, head
aches or disappointments here. D—Mediocre. There are some problems with Ihis pro gram. There are belter on the market.
E—Poor. Substandard, with many problems. Should be deep-sixed!
18 / RUN February 1084
Sawy
marketers are no longer put ting all their software eggs in one
basket. They are now selling the really good games in versions for every major computer system. Software
Inc.,
So Turmoil (Sirius 10364
Rockingham
Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827. $34.95),
horizontal movement is permilted. You must gain the prize quickly, however, because after a few seconds it turns into a bouncing missile that is one of the most deadly objects in the game. Moreover, once the prize has been se cured, a ghost ship appears in the cor ridor almost
immediately.
Grab your
points; then get out! Nine levels of difficulty are provided. At higher levels,
the
faster and
frequently,
more
invaders
come
making
both dodging and shooting them more
challenging. Excellent sound effects lip
If you own ^
a Commodore 64 (or are thinking of owning one)
- be sure that you also get a Calc Result Calc Result is the worlds most cost effective spread sheet
.
for the worlds most cost effective computer-The Commodore 64:
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Use it for budgets, calculation, simulation, construction, planning etc. Used by managers, salesmen, scientists, doctors, lawyers, dentists, consultants, accountants...
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All functions in Calc Result Easy plus 32 pages (Threedimensional viewing). Page add, window, split screen (up to four pages on the screen at the same time), and
help functions. Delivered on
plug-in cartridge plus disk. ^
Requires disk drive.
or disk.
Get your Calc Result today! Buy it at your nearest computer dealer.
software inc.
Fellowship Business Center,
Commodore 64 Is a trademark of Commodore Business Machines. (609) 663-0660 Circle 25/ on floaOar Senice card.
'I
jL
â&#x20AC;˘ Fellowship Rd. 8-206
MT. Laurel, New New Jerse Jersey 08054
losing
Turtle is a language unto itself designed for children and other
of top-notch. Even novice players will be able to en
joy Turmoil. Four ships are provided to make play last a reasonable time at be ginner levels. If you're an experienced player, there's no need to go through unchallengjng lower levels to get to the
fast action. Just press the F5 function key until you reach the desired difficulty level—and then play. David Busch Kent, OH
Turtle Graphics II
few
tively slow,
letters
if
you're
very
a disappointment if you
have programmed a very intricate de sign, which can take a full five minutes to complete.
computer beginners. you off as to which enemy is approach ing, and the graphics are nothing short
a
speedy. Program execution is also rela
The documentation is excellent, with
tle will leave a trail of whatever charac ter you have specified, or print the text you have written. Since most com mands can be executed in either lo-res or hi-res, you can draw character-size thick or pixel-thin lines.
two exceptions.
First, you are not warned that failing to leave a space between a command and its argument means the number will be lost, but you'll find out Soon enough. Second, the manual lists Gray 1, 2
and 3 as acceptable color commands,
There are sprite-specific commands
but, after receiving repeated error re
that make the design and movement of
ports, 1 finally realized that the correct
the sprites simple. Collisions between sprites can be detected, as can spritebackground collisions. Their move
command is Grey! The manufacturer is aware of this latter problem, and is, presumably, taking steps to correct future editions.
ments are simplified by the use of such commands as Set (heading), Speed and
Wrap Around.
The minor annoyances of working with Turtle Graphics II are balanced by
The programming principles of loops,
the thoughtful extras included. All com
if-thens, etc., are included in the Turtle
mands have easily remembered two-let
language—after all, it was invented to
ter abbreviations that you can use, and
teach children programming concepts.
your listing will include the long form of
Loops are set by a Loop X command;
your command.
conditions can be tested by If False Jump and If True Jump commands. The Jump command specifies a sub
It
deserves
reiteration
that
Turtle
Graphics II is not for the adept pro
grammer who wants an easier way to
line
get at Commodore graphics; it is meant
Attention, Beginners!
number. A Turtle subroutine to draw a
Lei the Turtle Teach You
command, and ended with a Routine
for beginners, and it is well-designed for that group. (Human Engineered Soft ware, 150 North Hill Drive. Brisbane,
End statement. Then, Jump Box will
CA 94005. $59.95.)
routine
rather
than
Sharon Akcr
execute the "box" subroutine. After you work with this aspect of Turtle, you will be wishing for a similar capability in
c
Sussex, NJ
Basic.
The
first
thing
to
note
about
Turtle Graphics II is what it is not:
is
name,
box can be preceded by a Label Box
About C-64's Graphics
it
by
not
an
enhanced
Commodore
language.
You will be continually amazed at the simplicity of the language in this pro
gram. You can generate a tone with the Beep command, set Screen and Border
Turtle is a language unto itself, de
colors with those commands—even Text
signed for children and other computer
and Print commands need no quotes
beginners; if you already do a lot of
around the strings.
programming and just want an easier the
Program lines are automatically numbered, then automatically renum bered if you choose to insert or delete
package for you. If you haven't done
any. The programming is done from a
any programming, or if you wish to be
main menu, which is a drawback. To
come
change a line, for instance, you have to
way to
access the Commodore 64's
graphics capabilities,
familiar with
this
is
Turtle
not
language,
then this is a good way to get started.
choose the List option, specify which
The first good thing about Turtle
lines you wish to see, go back to the
Graphics II is its cartridge form—in-
main menu, choose the Replace option, then specify which line should be
stant-on always beats loading! The second good thing is the Turtle
language itself. In Turtle, you guide an
replaced
The absence of on-screen
editing can get annoying after a while.
imaginary turtle (here, represented by
Another drawback of the program is
an asterisk) around the screen with such
its slowness. Each line takes about four
commands as Forward, Right, Rotate, Turn Around—practically English!
seconds to be entered into memory; be cause of the keyboard buffer, you can keep typing, but you risk the chance of
When you program Pen Down, the tur 20 / RUN February 19S4
Logo Logo is the Word When It Comes to Learning and Computers
f For the educator and the mer,
and
program especially for anyone
with a Commodore 64 and a limitless imagination, Commodore Logo (Com modore Business Machines, Inc., 1200 Wilson Drive, West Chester, PA 19380. $99) is finally here. Logo may be new for microcomput ers, but its use with mainframes goes back more than 15 years to its develop
ment at a high-tech firm in Boston and its application in research laboratories.
The efforts of people like Seymour Papert of MIT's Logo group brought Logo to the world of microcomputers. Through their work, Logo became a
practical and promising educational tool with almost unlimited potential. For those of you who are interested, Papert also wrote an informative introduc tion to
Logo's history called
Mind-
stoms (Basic Books, 1980).
Basically, Commodore Logo is a lan guage that gives you direct control over a sequence of events through simple
user-friendly commands that take full advantage of the C-64's capabilities. Commodore Logo features primi tives (Logo procedures
defined
commands)
(user defined
and
commands)
throughout the development of any Lo
go routine. Using the Graphics mode, you control a "turtle" (an external
Logo is a practical educational
robot), directing it lo draw in the color,
tool of unlimited potential.
direction and frequency you desire. With
Computation, you
can
inte
grate the simple operations of addition,
tensive music capabilities.
ten, but obviously designed for adults. It is a bit cumbersome to use since it is
subtraction, multiplication and division
I found the Commodore version of
into your routines. It also offers such
Logo highly satisfactory and easy to
bound
operations as generating random num
use. When our family sat down and ex
couldn't it be spiral bound so thai it
bers and setting variables (such as pi) to
perimented, we were amazed at how the
could lay flat on your desk?
fixed values.
use of a simple procedure such as Re
Finally, there must be some reason why the page numbering system in the
as
a
small
paperback.
Why
Both Graphics and Computation are
peat allowed us to design and then save
very useful modes, but Logo begins to set itself apart from other languages
some fantastic visual images. However, if you do not have a good
tutorial uses the first letter of the section
with features such as Words And Lists,
monitor, you are likely 10 be a bit disap
ics), but the sections arc not in alphabet
which gives you the capability to design
ical order. This can be very confusing!
with the computer. Using this mode,
pointed in the jagged nature of some diagonal lines. In addition, .some lines don't really stand out by themselves be
you can do things such as design your
cause they are so thin that the back
own video games or build sophisticated
ground color "washes" them out. Us
quiz programs. It's interesting thai Commodore Lo
own animated sequences. For example,
ing the command Doublecolor expands the width of the line and makes it easier to distinguish between the different colors. Besides four sets of "built-in sprites," the utilities disk also offers a set of demonstration programs (includ ing an adventure game), a text editing file, an example of how to create music (Twinkle, Twinkle...) and at least 20 other files that can help you become familiar with Logo's capabilities. There is also an instant version of Logo that allows the non-reader to use turtle graphics, although in a somewhat limit
you can load the "animals shapes file"
ed way.
programs that let you interactively work
go itself (as do Logo versions for other computers) offers Sprites; the combina tion of the C-64's capabilities plus Lo go's features makes this one of the most attractive features of the Commodore Logo package.
You "talk" to each sprite (using a command called Tell), indicating whal they should do. You can move them and change their colors. Best of all, you can use one of the four sets of built-in shapes on the utility disk to create your
and access a dinosaur, dolphin or but
Commodore's version of Logo is a
terfly sprite, all of which arc quite good hi-res productions. You can then pro
very powerful tool that can be applied in a variety of settings to fit a variety of
ceed to use other Logo features to fur
needs. The poor and inaccurate docu
ther enhance your creation. With the Music function of Commo dore Logo, you can design sound ef
mentation that has characterized past Commodore products is not present here. The tutorial that accompanies the
fects taking advantage of the C-64's ex-
program and utility disks is clearly writ
(such as G-5 for the fifth page of graph
In ten years, computers will be so
friendly that we'll probably be able to communicate directly with them at the machine level. This version of Logo completes a step along that way. For $99, it gives you an efficient, imagina tive
and
well-documented
program
ming language. Neil Salkind Lawrence, KS
Vanilla POot Despite the Plain Name, This Program Will Spice Up Your C-64 Capabilities
The
moment I started writing pro
grams on my Commodore 64, I
realized there were things the machine couldn't do. For example, if I wanted to RUN February 19S4 / 21
delete more than one line from the pro gram, I would need to type each line number and hit the return key. Or, if I wanted to add a new set of lines, I would often have to renumber all the lines in the program. Weil, folks, v-
for those of you who
find these and other limitations a nuisance, fear no more. Programming languages such as Vanilla Pilot (Tama rack Software, Darby, MT 59829. $29.95) are now available. After some
'
time using the program, I found this to
\
be
a
helpful,
well-designed
set
of
routines and tools for those of us who want to go beyond what the C-64's
hardwiring can offer. This type of programming language
software is best described as a set of commands and/or routines that supple ments your computer's existing capabil ities and greatly facilitates entry and debugging. It complements what your computer can already do. In most cases, it can make you a better programmer by saving you time, as well as allowing you to understand and use more difficult programming concepts. Vanilla Pilot is such a program, and
Educational Software That Works
clearly does what this kind of software
We believe that children have an innate curiosity ... a natural desire to learn, to discover, to understand. Our software was
manual, provides the equivalent of an introductory course in "basic" Pilot language. In addition, it has a brief in troduction to turtle graphics, a system
designed
with
traditionally
this
tedious
in
mind.
subjects
like
Even
math,
reading, and vocabulary building are easily Grades 1 through 6 2 disks
M9.95
mastered. Why? Because our software makes children want to learn. And when they want to learn, the results are FANTASTIC! We know our software WORKS because we developed and tested it in the classroom. Let our software WORK for your children
should. The software, together with the
for designing graphics images based on the work of the Logo group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. What It Can Do One of the very useful feaiures is the Auto command. When you begin writ ing a program, you simply enter Auto and the number you want to represent the spacing between program state ments.
From that
point
on,
Vanilla
Pilot will automatically increment to the next line number after you finish a line
too!
and hit the return key. This is a luxury, Grades 4 through 12 2 disks
For Apple, IBM PC, and Commodore 64."
lems that are difficult to detect. Another very nice feature is the Renumber command. Imagine you
davidsoifrยงssociates
have written a program and need to in sert more lines than there is currently
6069 Groveoak Place #12 Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90274
room for. Typing Renumber automati cally renumbers ali of the lines begin
Cucte 31 on Reader Service card,
MasterCard and Visa cardholders may call collect to order: High School, College,
and
Adult
2 disks
Students S69.95
(213) 378-7826 I (213) 378-3995 "Apple, IBM. and Commodore 64 are Trademarks ol Apple Computer. Inc.. Interna
tional
Business
respectively.
22 / RUN February 1984
Machines Corp., and Commodore Business Machines,
program statements in the thousands, where outnumbering often causes prob
Ask your dealer.
$49.95
especially in programs with data and
Inc.
ning with the number 100, and counts
by tens for as many lines as there are in the program. This is a convenient and needed timesavcr, especially in a long
program.
Perhaps the best feature of Vanilla Pilot is the Trace command, which ac tually allows you to follow the execu tion of each statement in your program.
Using this command, you can [race the sequence of statements in a program to find out where you have gone wrong in your programming logic (if at all) or in your sequence of operations.
The turtle graphics is an introduction to the capabilities of the more sophis ticated Logo programs. With this func tion, you can use the Graphics com mand to draw and save complicated
figures; you can also change the colors of the background, foreground and
gramming the Commodore 64 using some high-level commands. Now then, who would like to guess
how it got its name? Neil Salkind Lawrence, KS
characters. It gives the new programmer
important experience in transforming written siatements into visual images. The documentation is very well-or ganized, clearly written and highly suit able for even the beginner. It contains
several examples, plus full screen il lustrations of what your screen should
Nukewar The Fate of the World
authors credit for having quiz questions at the end of each chapter, but some of the questions seem a bit silly, and
Don't Blow It!
(and sometimes less so) than the nor mal Commodore key/zero/return se
quence. It confuses me as to why the normal Print command can be abbrevi ated as a simple "t" (probably for type), yet to delete a line, you must enter the entire word "delete."
In short, there seems to be some in
The screen turns a cool blue as the fi nal situation is displayed. All the surviv ing cities are shown. It seems that world opinion is on my side and since not one of my towns has been touched, I'm de
vs computer nuclear strategy
protection, or is the temptation to use
button?
fers an appendix with a summary of commands, I would like to see a onepage summary of programming com
call off the nukes."
The movie "Wargames" captured the imagination of a lot of us. Could I beat the Whopper computer? Does stockpiling nuclear weaponry increase
sitting in front of my TV moni tor. The screen is full of planes, mis siles and submarinesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;my country's contribution to the nuclear arms race. 1 reach out and push a button to order the building of a new missile base. Suddenly, the screen turns yellow, (he TV emits a series of beeps, and ihe message "HOT WAR" flashes. What's
commands. However, since it's what
Finally, even though the manual of
carried
game.
I'm
happening?
program.
got
"Oh all right," I compassionately re ply. "Just surrender everything and I'll
human
Is in Your Handsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;
consistency in the format of the various
the command can do that is important, this is a minor problem that could be easily corrected in future versions of the
computer
So goes a sample run of Nukewar (Avalon Hill Games, 4517 Hartford Road, Baltimore, MD 21214. $16), a
there are no answers provided for you. tory, arc not any more efficient to enter
goofy
away!"
clared the winner.
look like. The shortcomings of Vanilla Pilot are for the most pan minor. I give the
Also, some commands, such as Direc
That
Did
I
push
the
wrong
those weapons irresistible? Like the movie, Nukewar raises some serious issues. At the same time there is an undeniable fact: Nukewar is fun. How to Start a War When you boot up Nukewar, you're asked to name your country. Then you can name the computer's country. Ever
wondered if Toledo could beat up Chi cago? Try it and find out.
Then it hits me! The enemy's com
puter has declared war. ICBMs strike home and glowing mushroom clouds blot out my bases. I launch my surviv ing missiles, send up fighters and order three missile subs to sea.
The game's action randomly starts somewhere between 1956 and 1968. Nukewar uses an 8 x 8 grid to represent
each country. The Commodore's excel lent graphics abilities arc used to depict bases and cities. Your eight cities and
The next thing I know, my enemy,
first two bases are scattered across the the enemy's grid is blank. Where are his
printed on the back cover. (One of my
the Premier, is on the Hot Line. He wants to negotiate. Hmmm, my first strike must have hurt him worse than I
wishes is for all documentation (o be
thought. I say, "Sorry, I gave at the of
spiral bound, so it will lay fiat when
fice," and hang up.
mands that is easily accessible, perhaps
opened!) Save for one or two confusing state ments. Vanilla Pilot is a good soft
ware tool with excellent "hands on" documentation. At $29.95, it is an ex traordinary bargain and offers a solid, non-intimidating introduction to pro
My second wave of missiles reaches
screen. There is, however, a problem: cities, bombers and missiles? To find out, you'll have to choose be tween three options for each year/turn. First, you could proceed "normally"
their targets. A Trident sub launches its
and build two bases (bombers, ICBM,
complement, and the last enemy mili
sub or ABM). This option will allow you to expand your arsenal quickly, but
tary target vanishes. Mercifully, my cities have remained untouched. The
phone
rings.
"Please,
please,
please," he begs, "it was ail a mistake.
your neglected spies won't
tell
you
much about the enemy.
Or, you could concentrate on spying. RUN Febniary 1084 / 23
Circle 225 on Hoadar Servlco card
VIO20 & 64 LEROY'S CHEATSHEET1 ONLY S 1 SJ!i .-.r
Your heavy commitment to snooping will reveaJ enemy targets. Instead of
display by using country names of more
looking at a blank enemy grid, you'li see his bases and cities pop onto the
to your input commands.
screen. Unfortunately, you can build only one base when spying. Your third choice is to "push the but
What is a Cheatsheet, anyway?
ton." Of course, your generals might
Lflroy ■ ChHlihEHE" KDvinjarfl overlays &a durable piastre coaT&] [omplaloi- When simply laid 0*1 *OUF VIC 20 3nS 64 keyboard! tin* Ldoy'l ChOJHlheet1" surwumis lha keys Wilriesvifiiirtl inidrmanon, |Hacn^ your mUsTvaluableproj]ram-
disobey the order and refuse to launch a first strike. Then you really have prob
Bl It prpflHffl twitmi Hi'biuiiiMfi a kriyboairi i»vuiLy Nol L>illy jirri our nvmlAV> j|iilirii-^l mmy Uilty 1u Iiilliwv irnrruf [KMia nn>I
lems. Meanwhile, the computer is building, spying and becoming increasingly para
■IhiNlrjilinrki, bul air CU'll'll4liill .I'n ,ivml,iiA- jtrKl rrmriy CulrtfK AFC tldlluri IU IrMku pJuHNirnrnirirj nfliy rind lufl.
noid. Who will attack first? I've played
Our ISASIC LHTVf% GfMHtTIMl" IUl only^sDllcojnmarulg
the game many times, but only once did
minn i"*1' "1 V"'" TinrjmiipB Ai Lirey1! ciirm ih««t" wn lobe Hiu iimo 1u Iwrrt and un
ami furttlujns, uuT ^lw> Kii itt-wtQ mirnltcrs. uragr.hti IieI print rig CDmrndnrSv disk commands, did many illustrative p*ami)les o' rhp aclufll 0A51C coinin.irHji m the CUlOUT.
No Room for Error
L«rcv'< Ctodtihatt"
Nukcwar is a good game, but it has some problems. It is simple to learn, fun to the point of being addictive, and it has good graphics and sound effects. Nukewar will provide many hours of
UMI1
O
O
HESVicFOfin1
D D HESWriter' o
a
D Quick Bitwn Foi
I make it to 1983.
Woiaefo3pii ipi'
a
was hopelessly confused. The new, up
dated display had been printed beneath the old informalion it was mean! to overwrite, leaving old and new slopped together. If this happens, you might as
well start over. Nukewar also allows the enemy to start a nuclear war much too soon. It gets frustrating to begin a game only to have it end on the second turn. While this makes each game different and keeps you from getting too relaxed, it's an example of taking a good idea too far. I waited two minutes for the game to load from cassette; I want to
errors well. Input is checked for proper
format but not for length. This means
can also modify any of the lines to
that you can completely ruin the grid
strengthen the game.
However, Nukewar does not handle
CHEflrsHeer products"' PO Oo. H29D Pinsljurgtl PA I5^\H
I let friends try this game unsupervised, and they proceeded to make these mistakes. When I came back, the grid
play for more than 20 seconds. There is very good news in the midst of troubles, though. Nukewar is not write-protected. You can load and list like any of your own programs. You
enjoyment.
Nvm
than 12 characters or by adding spaces
b SS8 |4i?) J5B-742O
Citclp 167 on Header Sarvico card.
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You'll need plenty of logic, planning
Now when my friends play the game,
they can't enter country names longer
and intuition to beat your computer
than 12 characters. Nor can they ruin the display with extra spaces. I've also changed the error messages to provide clearer guidance. I sincerely hope that
Avalon Hill doesn'l mind my meddling, but Nukewar works better this way. With these comments in mind, Nuke-
war is a fun, absorbing game with good action. For you Basic programmers, here's a chance to find out how a game
works.
Don't lei
this game slip by
you—have a good time with it, and team how to write and modify programs. Michael Cherry Park Ridge, IL
Get Four It's Easy to Play Tic-Tac-Toe, But with 64 Squares, Can You Get Four in a Row?
o\o[o\o\o\o\o\q\b\o\o\o\o\o\o\Q
Imagine
playing tic-tac-toe on a spe cial "board" of 64 "squares," and
you have Get Four in a nutshell. Just feed your cassette into the uncx-
panded VIC-20. Your object: to get four Xs in a row.
pull off a draw. On levels two through four, if the
regular tic-tac-toe.
computer goes first, it always puts O at the bottom of column four. That must be a strategic location—like the middle spot for X in regular tic-tac-toe. I have noticed that the program did not seem to vary any of its responses to identical patterns of moves made against it. In other words, it did not
There is one twist: during a turn, you
alter tactics to complicate the routine.
must place your X in ihe lowest empty
Perhaps any change in counter-strategy
slot in the column selected on your key
a position for the Os in the same way.
would have lowered ils best chance for victory. The implication is that you can "figure out" the style of play with time. But most games that arc played over
The computer's goal is to get four Os. The first to form a straight line across, up and down, or diagonally, wins. You
can play this game against either the computer or a human opponent.
but in fact, it also includes horizontal and diagonal rows. Small matter, but — The graphics stand out clear and bright. The color scheme is slightly odd, perhaps—but OK. (A red rectangle is bordered by a green frame; white cross es and columns occupy the screen's center.) A question mark materializes
Lined up in each column are eight cross
and over again pale in this manner.
es, or placement areas. If Xs or Os al ready occupy a column, new Xs or Os plugged into (hal column appear in the
{This happens in many shoot-'em-ups, for instance.)
next-highest position. No entry to a col
also difficult to master—a real plus! The brief directions were a bit vague on
and wanders over possible choice-sites, showing the computer's decision-mak ing process. It doesn't take long to make up its mind. Players' scores are posted atop the screen, on either side of the level-ofdifficulty rating. At the end of its turn, the computer signals, "I chose (number of column). Your move?" The info is helpful and time-saving. Get Four is an interesting strategy game, similar to Connect Four and re lated versions of tic-tac-toe. Plenty of logic, planning and intuition is in
one point. The package states that it is a
volved. I found it to be addicting and
"vertical"
fun. Recommended! (Victory Software
Xs and Os can block each other's progression, as in
board
(columns
arc
numbered
one
through eight). Your opponent chooses
umn completely filled is permitted. There are four difficulty levels. On
I found Get Four easy and fun. It's
game
of tic-tac-toe.
One
the first level, your computer practically rolls over and plays dead. You can beat
phrase tells the player to get "four in a
Corporation,
it in your sleep. At level four, a battle of
row." Until the game is actually played,
Paoli, PA 19301. $14.95.)
wits takes place—if you allow the com
however, you mistakenly assume that
John DiPreic
puter to go first, you will be lucky to
"four in a row" signifies vertical rows,
Cranston, Rl
7 Valley Brook Road,
RUN February 1984 / 25
Video Casino By David D. Busch
In this VIC-20 program, your cursor's a chameleon, changing color and character with a keystroke, while you happily draw with the joystick. Draw is a program that allows you to "draw" on the screen of the VIC-20 in full color, changing the cursor char
store the actual screen memory and
have five switches. One each at North,
color memory locations in CHAR and calculate the difference,
South, East and West, plus a fifth, the "fire" button. The status of these
acter to various leiters and graphics
and altering the color al the press of a
DF, and set up variable E as the end of
switches are read through two ports,
the
The
with different bits used for different
key or two.
original cursor color, CO, is set to 2
switches. Each bit can be used only for
(red), and the cursor character, CUR-
input or output at one time, so you
You use the joystick to move the
cursor around the screen. The cursor begins as a plus sign in red. Pressing a number key from 1-8 changes the col or of the cursor io the color of thai
CSCREEN, screen
for
our
purposes.
SR, to 91, the plus sign. Added Variables However, several variables not dis
must tell the VIC-20 which it is you want to do. One port is not used for anything else during the game, so it can be set
key. Pressing one of the other keys
cussed in the Target Shoot article are
for input by a simple Poke to its data
changes the cursor to that character, and hitting shift plus another key will invoke the character on the right side
defined. Two of these, PA and PB, are
direction register at 37139. This is ac complished in line 260.
of the keyfront.
DD, is the address of what is called a
so
data direction register (DDR).
were set for input only, it would be im possible to use the keyboard for other
What if you want nothing printed, that is,
blanks in a certain section?
Quite simple. Press the 2 key to change
the cursor to while. It will still flash green as it moves, so you can see where
it is, but the character left behind will be white, and hence invisible against the white background of the VIC-20 screen.
Most of the initialization
routines
are similar to those in an earlier pro gram, Target Shoot. (See RUN, Jan uary 1984.) To account for the mysteri
ous moving memory of the VIC-20 in various expansion configurations, we
RUN It Right VIC-20
Joystick
Address
author
correspondence
to
David D. Busch, 5217-C Cline Road, Kent, OH 44240. 26 / RUN February 1084
the memory addresses of pons used io
However, the other DDR is used al
read the joystick switches. The third,
The joysticks used in the VIC-20
for keyboard input/output. If tt
Starting today, we're standing the scanner radio on its ear. Because we've forged ahead—way ahead— in radio frequency and digital technology.
Introducing the Bearcat* CompuScan™ 2100.
m
'■•(•my
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It's the first scanner radio designed to put the power of a personal computer to work for you. Now you can scan up to two hundred
channels. Stack levels of priority so you'll hear vital calls in order of
importance. Automatically search, store and count transmissions for accurate "pictures" of activity within frequency limits you select.
And with automatic video memos you'll know more than you've ever known before. The channel user, special codes, jurisdictions, phone numbers, alternate frequencies—
any information you've pro grammed is automatically displayed when the channel is active.
With ten bands including 70centimeter, 2,6 and 10 meter FM Amateur, Military Land Mobile,
AM Aircraft, plus Low, High, UHF and UHF-T bands. Fora real earful—and eyeful— see yourBearcat scanner dealer. For the name of the dealer nearest you, just call 1-800-S-C-A-N-N-E-R.
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■
r>,u M.i: co i urp ol Indiana
tasks during the program. So we define that DDR as DD, Poke it for input prior to each joystick reading, and then return it to normal immediately
1 REM VIC-2(5 VERSION
1$ REM ********
20 REM * * 30 REM * DRAW *
40 REM *
thereafter.
•
51} REM ********
60 PRINT"[CLR] [DN] [DN]"
70 PRINTTAB(9)"[CTRL9] [CTRL3]DRAW[CTRL(S] [CTRL7] [DN] [DN]"
80 PRINrrAB(l)"USE JOYSTICK TO DRAW" 90 PRINTTAB(1)"HIT NUMBER KEY TO"
Unlike most other Peeking, when you look at a single memory location for a given number, in this case the in dividual bits within a byte are signifi cant. It is possible to find out the status
100 PRINTTAB(1)"CHANGE CURSOR COLOR."
110 PRINTTAB(1)"HIT OTHER KEYS TO" 120 PRINTTAB(1)"CHANGE CURSOR SHAPE." I3fl) PRINTTAB(1)"PRESS FIRE BUTTON TO"
140 PRINTTAB(l)"START OVER." 150 PRINT"[DN] [DN]"
160 PRINTTAB(6)"[CTRL9] [CTRL6JHIT ANY KEY[CTRL7]"
170 GET A$:IF A$="" GOTO 170 180 CURSR=91 19© CO=2
200 PRINT"[CLR]" 210 CSCREEN=37888+4*(PEEK(36866)AND128)
220 CHAR=4*(PEEK(36866)AND128)+64*(PEEK(36869)AND120) 230 E=CHAR+484
240 B1=CHAR
250 DF=CSCREEN-CHAR 260 DD=37I54:PA=37137:PB=37152:POKE 37139,0
276 GOTO 350 280 REM READ JOYSTICKS
of a given bit by using the AND oper ator. ANDing a number with an ap
propriate power of two will tell us how that bit is set.
Joystick reading is taken care of in lines 290 to 340. First, the finicky DDR is set for input by Poking DD with 127.
Then, switch three is read by Peeking port PB, and ANDing that value with 128. Finally, DD is returned to normal by Poking it with 255. The other four switches are read by
Peeking port PA, storing that value in P, and then ANDing P with 4, 8, 16 and 32. These produce the status of switch 0, switch I, switch 2 and the fire
button, respectively. All this can be done many times each second, to pro vide the program with a constant up
290 POKEDD,127:S3^((PEEK(PB)AND128)=0):POKEDD,255
date on the status of the joystick.
300 P=PEEK(PA):FR—((PAND32)=0)
310 SO=((PAND4)=0)
320 S2=((PAND16)=0)
Screen Drawing
3415 RETURN 3510 POKE Bl.CURSR
plished by Poking the number corre
360 POKE B1+DF.3
memory location stored in variable Bl,
Drawing on the screen is accom
330 S1^((PAND8)=0)
370 380 390 400 410
sponding to the cursor character to the
GOSUB 650 POKE B1+DF,CO GOSUB 290 CT=PEEK(197):IF CT=64 GOTO 470 GET A$:IF A$="" GOTO 470
and the color desired to Bl + DF. Bl is changed each time, depending on the
direction the joysticks are pressed. Just as in Target Shoot, Bl may be incremented or decremented by one by
420 RE=ASC(A$)
pressing the joystick right or left. How
430 IF RE>56 OR RE<49 GOTO 460 440 CO=RE-1
ever, upward motion is also possible.
To move up, Bl is decremented by 22, or a whole line. To move down, Bl is
450 GOTO 476
460 CURSR=ASC(A$)
increased by 22. In any case, the pro
47(1 IF S3<>1 GOTO 520
gram will not allow Bl to exceed E (the
480 IF S3<>1 GOTO 520 490 B1=B1+1 500 IF B1>E THEN B1=E
end of the screen), or to become less
than B (the beginning of the screen memory).
510 GOTO 350
520 530 540 550 560 570
Even while constantly checking the joysticks for movement, the computer also looks to see if any other key has
IF FR=*1 THKN PRINT"[CLR]" IF S2O-1 GOTO 570 BI=B1-1 IF BKCHAR THEN B1=CHAR GOTO 350 IF SOO-1 GOTO 610
580 Bl=Bl-22
590 IF BKB THEN Bl=Bl+22
600 GOTO 350
610 IF SlOl GOTO 350
620 BI=Bl+22 630 IF B1>E THEN Bl=Bl-22
been pressed. The VIC-20 knows if any
640 GOTO 350 650 POKE 36878, 15
660 POKE 36874, 255 670 POKE 36874, 0
68*
RETURN
Listing 1. Draw program for the VIC-20. Next month, we will publish the C~64 version.
28 / RUN February 1984
key at all is being held down by Peek ing location 197. If the value in 197 equals 64, then no key is being pressed. Otherwise, the program gets AS. If A$
is a number key, the program changes the color of CO. If it is not, the cursor becomes the character AS. The only other input the program re
sponds to is the fire button. If it has been pressed, then the screen is cleared,
and you may begin drawing anew.
IB
Look at these Features • Fully screen-oriented •
Horizontal and vertical scrolling
• Terminal mode - never seen before on a wordprocessor •
Supports Commodore disk and cassette handling
Imbedded commands
Wordprocessor for Commodore 64
BLIZTEXT ii a
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INC.
Commorlord-G4
and
VIC-20 ara trademark* of
Commodore
Quiir>E» Machines.
Dealer and Distributor
inquiries
invited.
BLIZTEXT - SUPER WORDPROCESSOR
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Phone: (7111 623 B314 Telex; 29 81 91
The Mail RUN
RUN needs to address amateur radio
Welcome Words 1 just received my first issue of RUN and am delighted with the content. The articles are diversified and interesting to both the novice and the "hacker."
uses, as well as games, business and educational uses. Just had to put this to you before you get too far off the beaten path. Best of
Roseburg, OR
Palm Harbor, FL
Is 20 ^ 64?
gap and provide the thousands of 64 owners some sorely needed material on the 64.
Also, give us a few games, but don't fill the magazine with them as so many others have done.
I'd like to see some articles on inter facing the popular printers with the 64, character generation, printing the PET graphic characters on non-Commodore printers and articles of that sort.
Wishing you every success.
PeekskiU, NY
Turn to page 70 of this issue. EdHore
We appreciate your input. Will we favor the C-64 and sweep the VIC-20 under our carpet? No! We plan on maintaining about a 50-50 ratio be tween the two machines.
I just received the RUN announce ment in the mail and immediately sub scribed by phone. As a C-64 owner, I find there is an absolute dearth of ma terial on the 64 and ions of material on the VIC-20.1 hope you will try to fill the
Anthony S. Pisarri, P.E.
Tom Schropp, WA4QNY
Of the many new magazines entering
Rkhant Tsukiji
Thank you.
luck.
the market for the Commodore 64 and VIC-20 computers, RUN is a welcome addition.
gram these keys. I would be eternally grateful if you could provide me with this information.
And all you Hams out there... bear with us, 'cause we have several articles in the works.. .just for you. Editors
A Real Treat Your first issue arrived. It will be hard surviving until January for the February issue, but I'll dig in. Excellent. I appreciate the business reply card you provide to help me get more infor mation from advertisers; I made use of it already. Your magazine came in, day before
The Answer Is Here
Thanksgiving, and it is something to be
I can't wait to see your article on de
thankful for.
fining function keys. I asked Commo
Bob Mueller
dore what the function keys were used
Minneapolis, MN
for, and they only told me they were used in special programs, so 1 was still at a loss.
Also, I tried trick number $00 in the Magic column, and it works! I am look ing forward to the February issue and am
recommending
RUN
to
other
VIC-20 owners. Denny Jakoubek
Manuel Botelho
Garner, 10
Ft. Washington, MD
Color for Kids Thank you for sending me informa
tion on RUN. I would most like to see some listed programs in your magazine for preschoolers. Many such programs make use of the Commodore's graphics and color modes. Pat Colbum
As the proud owner for the past sev
I am interested in your magazine if it will help me with my VIC-20. It seems that everything in your brochure is in re gards to the Commodore 64.
eral months of a Commodore 64, I am looking forward to receiving my first
Catherine Bobcock
swers, or know where to get them, can
SI. Petersburg, FL
you please tell me how to use the func
Eau Claire, WI
issue of RUN. Since you seem to have all the an
tion keys?
Take a RUN to School I run a small home school with six students in grades six through 11. We
I haven't received my first copy of RUN, but I am partly "turned off by
the "Programmer's Reference Guide,"
your letter and brochureâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;95% of the
and
material was addressed to the C-64 user.
shows a nice picture of the function
ming tips that will help improve the quality of my own numerous education
In my area, there must be at least 50 VlC-20s on the air in 2 meter, 6 meter
keys and states how one can save time
al
by programming them to do repetitive
and low level amateur radio usage.
tasks, neither book tells how to pro
strengthen English.
30 / RUN February 1984
I have both the "User's Manual" and although
the
"User's
Manual"
have a VIC-20 and a C-64. 1 hope RUN gives me some program
programs my
that kids'
I've
written
vocabulary
to and
Also, your word processing article will be much appreciated by me, as I have a small freebie that takes much time and lacks most features. I hope your
article
processing
software
Nowhere do
I
for
the
C-64.
recall seeing a com
needed
parable article for the VIC-20. As a VIC-20 owner, I think it deserves similar mention. Some VIC-20
Fred Jensen, Headmaster Grants Pass, OR
cost them very much to expand their VIC system into a word processor
gives
me
the
direction.
system.
Bison, KS
Send me the first issue of RUN and I will distribute it among the VIC group. I hope you are planning ahead to in clude all programs in your magazine on disk. Rkhard Rossignol Lynchburg, VA
We are planning to make the pro grams published in (his magazine available on both disk and cassette. This will assure that the programs load and run properly. Editors
I have read several reviews of word
of printing? Paula Trumble
Denver, CO
owners may not realize that it might not
Ed Heinen
Coming Attractions
same for all printers that use that means
1 just finished going through your first issue, and really enjoyed reading a computer magazine exclusively for
Major pieces on these two topics are
in the works. VIC-20 word processors in June and printers in December. All 5 x 7 dot matrix characters are not the same for all printers. There are many different pin and pressure con figurations available. Thanks for your interest.
Editors
Commodore computers.
Will you do an article for the VIC-20 similar to the one you did for the C-64 on word processors? I have been work ing, without much success, on assem
bling the same sort of information presented in your article so that 1 could decide what program to buy for my VIC.
I would also like to see a comparison
of lower-cost printers. I know that this sort of thing has appeared in other magazines, but I never see a comparison of what the print actually looks like. Are all 5 x 7 dot matrix characters the
RUN for Your Life RUNis one magazine I'll subscribe to as long as I live and use Commodore equipment—if future issues are as help
ful and interesting as this premiere issue.
I particularly congratulate you for not using those hard to read and to count graphics characters in your pro gram listings. Marge Paulie Eugene, OR
ir,-ii' ?ofi on Reader Sorvica card.
C~(A blockbusters Circle 20A on Fioador Service card.
When it saves you Time, it saves you Money...
it all adds up to a great addition! Simply hook up ADDON to your
Commodore 64. Then forget It.
ADDON mokes it
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ional cursor keys for easy maneuverability. ADDON. Because Time is Money.
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work with numbers. To odd. subtract, multiply and divide them. It even has omnidirect
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Vlc-20 vmlons available....See your dedei or order direct.
And that's what counts. From:
"""'I"
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Call: (302) 429-8565 *<"* « Shipp.ng * Handling RUN February 1984 / 31
(Iraphics Galore [For Your C-64 By Gary D. McClellan
i being a software tools available to help you obtain quali-
C-64 owner. You can produce professional, ar- ty results. This review will discuss some of the cade-quality graphics on the machine, but team- current offerings available to help you enjoy the ing to use its full graphics capabilities can be a graphics possibilities of the C-64. time-consuming and frustrating endeavor.
Here are reviews of some programs that will let you take full advantage of your Commodore's spectacular graphics capabilities.
Sprite Graphics
If you like to create sprite graphics to use in games or to liven up textoriented
screen
displays,
probably realized that fast sequences are possible by merous sprite images like frames of movie cartoons. problem is building enough
you
have
animation using nu the single The only sprite im
creating a sprite animation sequence. Each step is clearly described and is accompanied by easy-to-understand instructions. By following the exam
ples in the tutorial, I was easily able to animate my own sprite sequence and learn the program functions and com mands without confusion.
Spritcmaster 64 makes it easy to
screen left, right, up or down. The View command is used to dis play up to three different sprites on the screen at the same time. Once the program is in view mode, you can
change various sprite parameters to
see exactly how the sprites will look in various positions, colors and sizes. The View command feature I like best
ages for a full stop action sequence.
work with sprites. The program sup
is Sprite Move, which enables you to
Designing sprites on graph paper and then converting the designs to val ues for storage in memory would take many, many hours. Sprite-building
ports a sprite-building function that allows you to create up to 16 different
position the three sprites anywhere on
sprite images and store them in the
the screen.
can store any number of sprites sepa
The Sprite Move feature is an abso lute requirement if you like to build images that I refer to as "compound
(One version comes with the software
rately on disk or tape for further use.
sprites" (larger images, composed of
starter disk from Commodore, and other versions have been published in
The Build function (using either key board or joystick) allows you to draw
two or more sprites displayed hori zontally or vertically together). The
cither
Sprite Move command lets you sec ex
programs
are
available,
however.
magazines.) Sprite-building programs arc an aid
to the rapid creation of sprite images, but a lot of trial and error experimen tation still has to be done to find out if the sprites work in an animation se quence. I found 1 was spending more time writing lest programs for various sprite-animation
sequences
than
in
working on the game programs I had in mind.
Spritemaster 64 Fortunately,
1
discovered
Sprite-
900 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84105; S34.95), a software package that fea tures sprite generation, editing and
animation support. It's designed for programmers or for other users who want
to
create
single-color
or
multi-color
sprites on a background grid.
Once created, a sprite is kept in the storage area for further use. You can
computer
the desired result.
copy into different "frames" of an
are going to work together in a dis
Thanks to Spritemaster 64,
I no
longer have to spend time writing test programs to find out if sprite images
animation sequence and then transfer
play. I highly recommend this pack
them to a Basic program as data state
age to anyone who needs to develop
ments, using Spritemaster 64's Trans
sprites for programs, or who would
fer
like to experience the fun of animated
command.
This
Transfer
com
graphics on the C-64.
in sprite data by hand. Easy Animation
Sprite-64
The commands described so far are
those usually found in most sprite util ities. The special power of Spritemas ter 64 lies in its viewing and animation functions.
If you like working with sprites, then you may have reacted as I did at discovering that eight sprites is the maximum you normally can enable at
The Animate command allows you
one time on the Commodore 64. You
to simulate motion by entering the be
also may have noticed, while reading the C-64 Programmer's Reference
sequence
Manual, that you can display more
graphics For their own enjoyment. The package is more than just a
actly how a compound sprite will look, so you can easily modify the ele ments of the larger image to achieve
then reproduce its image in other stor age areas by using the program's Copy command. After several copies are in storage, you can modify each
mand saves you from having to type
master 64 (Access Software, 925 East
simply
program work area by number. You
utility program. It is a complete tuto
sequence
rial in understanding sprite graphics
displayed.
and in creating sprites and sprite ani
can be stepped through one frame at
than eight sprites on the screen at one
mation techniques.
a
time by using "raster interrupt" tech
The program is
time
of sprites
or
The
(frames)
animation
displayed
to
automatically.
available for both tape and disk.
While the sequence is running, you
An excellent 25-page user's manual fully explains program operation and
can speed up or slow down the time
At this point, you probably did one
delay between frames, and you can move the animated image on the
of three thingsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;sat down and wrote a
provides step-by-step instructions for
niques.
raster interrupt handler routine, deAddress Gary D.
author
correspondence
McCtellan,
PO
to
Box 346,
Rimrock. AZ 86335. RUN February 1984 / 33
Your dream of64 sprites on the screen
can become a reality. vide
sprite/sprite
or
sprite/back
ground collision support al this time, so you'll have to write appropriate
routines to check for collision condi tions. The Sprite command also supports a
videobank
keyword
that
easily
changes the memory bank that the
video
display chip
uses.
Since the
manual gives no explanation of the video display chip functions and the results of different videobank selec
cided to wait for a rainy day to investi
Sprile-64 is a wedge program that is
tions, you have to understand these
gate raster interrupts, or proclaimed
transparent to you once it has been
loudly, "Raster who?" If either of the last two descriptions fit you, then you
loaded into the machine. Affer you
concepts if you're to get the most out of Sprite-64.
execute the program, the machine ap
Crosstech describes Sprite-64 as a
gave up your dreams of more than
pears normalâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;with one major excep
eight
tion, a new command called Sprite.
Don't despair. There is a fourth possi
mal Basic program statements to con
professional development tool. The program is actually the heart of a much larger software package known as SOS-64 (Sprite Operating System),
bility available.
trol
which should be available when this
simultaneous
munch -o-rnon-
sters on the screen and settled for less.
You use the Sprite command in nor sprite
graphics.
The
command
uses a keyword format, in which vari
review reaches print. The package will
ous sprite parameters (such as sprite
include a sprile editor, sprite library
support (with sprites defined by name), and a sprite linker/loader. It
sprites simultaneously on the screen.
number, color, position and X/Y co ordinates) are defined by unique key words. This means that you need no more Pokes to the video display chip
The
to control sprites in your program.
driven at the machine code level in or der to provide high-speed action
It
is
a
Sprite-64, (2133
software
package
from Crosstech
N.
Fremont,
60614; $49.95).
called
Graphics
Chicago,
IL
It will (you guessed
it!) let you display up to 64 different amazing
thing
is
that
the
64
For example,
the Basic
program
will also support a sprite Move com mand that is apparently interrupt-
sprites can be quite easily controlled from Basic programs. Sprite-64 also
statement
provides a simple software interface
SPNO = 3,COLOR = "GREEN",ON
words will also be accessible from as
to both of the joysticks and to all four
specifies the screen zone number as 5, the sprite number in the zone as 3 and green as the color of the sprite; it also enables the sprite for display to the screen. The keyword format is easier to use than Poking decimal equiva lents of binary values to the video
sembly language programs, and an as
game paddles on the C-64. The program provides support for
64
sprites
by
dividing
the
display
screen into eight different zones, each one capable of containing eight sepa rate sprites. You should understand that each zone is a unique area defined
on the screen. Under normal condi tions, a sprite cannot move from one zone into another.
A special function does exist that
10
SPRITE
ZONE = 5,
display chip on the C-64. Programs suddenly become much easier to read and debug,
graphics.
The
commands and
key
sembler vector map will be supplied with the package. If you
are
a game
programmer,
either professional or a serious ama teur, I highly recommend Sprite-64. It could be one of the best development
tools you'll ever own.
for you can tell exactly
what the program statement is doing
Color 80
sprites that can be moved over the
with specific sprites. The documentation manual provid ed with the program is well written. It
whole screen without regard for zone
clearly explains
boundaries.
how the zone system works and vari
expensive hardware could be replaced
ous Sprite command keywords.
by letting Ihc microprocessor in your
lets you define "wildcard sprites"â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
However,
as
Crosstech
points out in i(s 32-pagc documenta tion manual, you don't get something for nothing. Each wildcard sprite you use results in the loss of seven sprites
program
operation,
like
was fond of pointing out that lots of
system do more of the work, especial
Nol for the Novice I
Way back when, in the early days of home computer kits, Don Lancaster
ly with screen displays. This is still
Chis software
a lot,
but
I
true, and after all, if you aren't busy
from the total of 64. If you define two
wouldn't recommend it for the casual
creating artistic displays in high-reso
wildcard sprites, you have access to those two and 48 normal ones. That is
user.
lution memory, there is quite a bit of
Sprite-64, you should be very familiar
unused
still plenty of munch-o-monstcrs to
with the sprite graphics concepts of
waste.
contend with on the screen.
the C-64. The program does nol pro-
34 / RUN February 1984
To
fully
use
the
power
of
computer
power
going
to
For instance, why not turn the high-
THESE COULD BE THE KEYS TO YOUR FUTURE Unlock all the potential of your
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Enjoy key features like these: • Games for fun & strategy. • Programming tips help you learn short cuts. • Candid reviews help you make money-saving decisions.
•Programs to add to your library. • Instructions & tutorials to increase your skills.
In N.H. call
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Send me a subscription to R UN for only $17.97 per year, I understand that with payment enclosed or credit card order I will receive a FREE issue making a total of 13 issues for $17.97. Save $2.00 off the basic rate! \
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• Hardware & software modifications help your machine work smart.
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RUN February UIH4 I 35
Create an instant 80-column screen with Color 80. Sorcerer*s Apprentice is an exten sive high-resolution graphics utility
that will help you create any image you can conceive of on a multicolor screen.
The
program
is
very
user-
friendly, but it takes a while to learn all the functions available. A small documentation booklet thoroughly describes the functions and the keys
associated with them. When you first use the program* it is impossible to remember all the vari
resolution screen into an 80-column
Text characters are fairly small on BO-cohimn screen and tend to
text screen? Color 80 from Richvale
an
Telecommunications (10610 Bayview
"smear11 when displayed on a color monitor. The smearing lessens consid erably when the color control is turned down to minimum. When used
Ave.,
Richmond
Hill,
Ontario
L4C
3K8, Canada; $59.95) provides an easy method of adding 80 coiumns of text to your C-64 without requiring any extra hardware.
The program is supplied on disk and becomes transparent once you load and run it. That's all there is lo it for an instant 80-column screen. A documentation sheet tells you how to switch back to a normal 40-column
on a black and white monitor like the
Leedex Video 100, the display is supersharp and very easy to read. If you would like to replace your
40-column screen
with 80 columns
and not have to add extra hardware to
do it, try Color 80. product.
It's a
handy
ous functions, so a Help command has been thoughtfully provided by Adam Bellin, the program designer. After you load the program, pressing the H key will display a summary of ihc functions. It takes three full help screens, however, to provide a com plete summary of the functions. The program is simply awesome!
Program Operation You create displays on the screen by
drawing with a cursor, controlled by keyboard input or joystick. You can use the cursor to draw, erase or move transparently on the screen. You can draw one dot at a time or "paint" the actual cursor shape on the screen to
screen without erasing the Color 80
create wide strokes of color. And if
program from the machine.
you don't like the cursor shape? No problem, since a totat of nine separate cursor shapes are available. The screen image can be composed
No Basic memory is used in 8Q-column mode, since Color 80 U located under Basic, the kernal and the 170.
Sorcerer's Apprentice
that should be pointed out. If you're
In multicolor high-resolution mode on the Commodore 64, the screen dis play is composed of 160x200 sepa
using word processing software, like Quick Brown Fox, that protects itself to extremes against any foreign soft
rate points. Each point is two dots (pixels) wide, so, as 1 said above, curved lines appear more jagged on a
ware being loaded, you won't be able to use Color 80 with it. Programs
multicolor than on the standard high-
Color 80 does have a few drawbacks
written in assembly language may not run weft at all, and if you like to play Zork, you can't do it wiih Color SO because berserk.
the
screen
goes
totally
However, adventure games or other programs written in Basic work very
well with Color SO, especially since it's possible to have twice as many charac ters on the screen. If you are a Basic programmer, this is a great utility to have. Programs are easier to write and debug when you can display more program lines on the screen.
36 / RUN February
resolution screen.
The visual impact of a multicolor word high-resolution display more than
compensates for the reduced resolu tion. Multicolor screens can turn a text-oriented game or business appli cation into a visual tour-de-force. The same old problem still exists, however. You know what the machine can do, but how do you harness that power? Sorcerer's Apprentice (from Event Horizon Software, PO Box 1327, New York, NY 10028; $49.95) will enable you to indulge in total mul ticolor madness.
of all 16 standard Commodore colors
(three separate colors, plus the back ground color in any given 8x8 dot screen area). Three mixing colors are available for drawing at any one time. The same color choices are available for the screen background and bor
der, and you can change the back ground color without affecting the drawing already on the screen. Many common forms are rather difficult to draw freehand, but the program's built-in drawing function, take care of this problem. By pressing
the appropriate function key, you can easily create rectangles, triangles, cir cles, ovals, and straight lines between two selected points.
Another special function lets you fill in any enclosed shape on the screen with a particular color. Once you have
Share A Jungle Adventure With A Friend! — share your computer with the family.. Mom, Dad, and the Kids can play together in this ex
citing jungle adventure!!! Floyd of the Jungle is a zany jungle footrace for multiple simultaneous players. Each player races other players or computer players through the jungle — avoiding the lions, tigers, elephants, and deadly pygmies. Each player must scamper through the jungle, jump over wild animals, ride the rampaging
elephants, avoid jungle jaws, and be the first to rescue the lovely Janice!! Floyd is an
exciting,
colorful,
sharing adventure, that is
fun
for the
whole
family!! Suggested retail
price
529.95,
Commodore ATARI
on
64
for and
Disk
or
Cassette.
Or, Fly A Combat With MicroProse!!! Hellcat Ace is a three dimensional air-to-air flying combat
simulator. As the pilot, the player sits in the cockpit of a World War II fighter and uses real combat Basic Fighter Maneuvers (BFM) to gain a machine gun firing position on enemy aircraft. The pilot can maneuver for a head on, deflection, or six o'clock firing position and must compensate for aircraft velocity, "g" forces, and combat turns in a three dimensional airspace to gain 5 victories to
become a combat "Ace". This is no slow, Sunday flying simulator
— this is a
contact, combat flying simulation
where
computer
controlled
the
enemy fighter can and will out maneuver you
and
shoot you down.
Suggested
retail
price
$29.95. For Commodore 64 and ATARI Disk or Cassette. Look for MicroProse's two new exciting real time simulations — SOLO FLIGHT and NATO COMMANDER Write or call for our Free Catalog. tf you can not find our games at your local store, you can order by MasterCard or VISA. Money Order, COD or Check. Add *2.50 Foi Postage and Handling. Maryland residents add 5% sales lax.
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on Reader Service card.
TTTTT"
NEVER UNDERSOLD — Leader Since 1980—
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1
ma
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created shapes or forms on the screen,
••a
you might want to reproduce the same
—■-—
e
»
e •
C-05 C-10 C-20
be the
Basic
:L0AD"XXXXX",8,l. The variable A can be any variable name as long as
Relall
Your Cost
99C
55C
screen between two diagonal points
The program will execute the If state ment in line 100, then the load, then
and move it to any other area of the
try to execute line 100 a second time.
screen you wish. And that isn't all, folks.
Since the conditions of the If state
e
*
* AGFA FT. Ti 1 ]
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met
the second
time
next statement number and continue
positions, so the program gives you a
normally. As far as 1 know, this is the
magnification function. Any 40 X50
only minor detail that the documenta
dot screen area can be magnified into
tion booklet overlooks. Sorcerer's Apprentice is only avail
you can scroll the entire magnified
able
screen to the left, right, up or down, in
written
relation
there is no noticeable delay when dif
to
the
full
high-resolution
for disk-based in
systems and
assembler
language,
is so
screen. You can also use the magni
ferent functions arc selected. It is a
fied screen to design your own custom
truly excellent software package and
character fonts, since another func
will allow your own personal creativi
tion lets you mix text characters with
ty to express itself in multicolor graphics
the high-resolution graphics on the screen. Text fonts can be created and
imagery on the C-64.
stored in different disk files for fu ture use.
When you have completed a screen image, it can be stored on disk and
'64 Panorama In high-resolution mode, the Com
Instructions are given in the
modore 64 display screen is composed of 320x200 separate points. Just thinking about translating 64,000 bit values into 8,000 bytes and then Pok ing the bytes into high-resolution
documenlation booklet for loading a
screen memory made my head hurt, so
stored screen image from disk by us
again I had another rainy-day-wit h-
later reloaded by the program for fur ther modification. You can also load
the screen image from Basic for use in your own application or game pro
ing Basic statements. This will allow you to call a high-resolution screen
lots-of-time
project
lurking
behind
the disk drive. Lately, however, I've been computing while the sun shines with the help of '64 Panorama, a high-resolution graphics program
back to normal text mode from a Ba sic program. The screen load from Basic works exactly as it is described in the docu mentation, but there is one small problem. The example works in im mediate mode, but goes into a perpet
resolution
ual loop when executed from a Basic
screen by using joystick input to con
program. This is because Commodore
trol a graphics "pen" that can draw, erase or float over the high-resolution screen. You can select pen options to
Basic
executes
the
same
statement
number again after a load command
issued from a Basic program. In order to load a program file to a specific lo cation and then continue program op eration, you must include an If state ment before the load command on the same line.
38 / RUN February 1984
not
draw when squinting at all those dot
from disk, display it, and then switch FET* / CBM*
ment are
through, the program will go to the
grams. d eoMoclion «1 - 64 coilotlion «2 - 64 collection *3 64 collection 14-64 collection #5 25+ programs per colleclion - Tape/Dish -
the value is 0 when the line is executed.
to
a full screen work area. In this mode,
2665 £ I'Ai-Jr, I'----!
-
example would
shapes in anolher area of the drawing. Sorcerer's Apprentice provides a function lo lei you do exactly ihat. You can bracket any portion of the
•
•
•
An
statement: 100 IF A = 0THEN A - 1
from Midwest Micro Associates (PO Box 6148,
Kansas City, MO 64110;
$29.95). '64 Panorama lets you create high-
drawings on
the display
draw either wide or narrow lines. A straight line is drawn between two de
fined points on the screen when the fire button on the joystick is de pressed.
Drawings created with the program
Circle 113 on Rpadfl' Service card.
/3uu the luitem corvixJgk and. WORD PROCESSING... - Commodore 64
- 1541 disk drive - 1525 printer
- 1702 monitor
- WordPro 3t/Spellriffhtt $925.00
There's a problem with '64 Panorama: Creating hi-res graphics can be addictive. can be in any one of 16 colors. You can also change background and bor
der to any of the 16 standard colors provided by the C-64. When a draw ing is compiete, you can store it on tape or disk for later use or further modification. Drawings can also be printed out in high-resolution mode on
a
Commodore
1515
or
1525
printer.
At first glance the program might seem limited, for it doesn't support multicolor high-resolution graphics.
But when multicolor graphics are used, screen resolution is reduced to
160x200 points, and much of the high-resolution effect is lost (curved
lines and diagonals become more jag ged). Multicolor high-resolution screen dumps to a black and white printer are equally unacceptable, so the choice to keep the drawing a single color is quite reasonable.
high-resolution drawing. The multigraphics support is great for designing and printing your own custom greet ing cards or announcements.
'64 Panorama includes a separate utility program to draw circles. After
you have used the circle-generating program, you can reload '64 Panora
The program is extremely easy to
use. It provides a directory and com mand-line function for disk users, so that
once
running,
the
program
doesn't have to be exited to send com mands to the disk drive. The only problem with '64 Panorama is to keep program use by your spouse, children and friends to a reasonable level, so Creating high-resolution graphics can
A similar picture library is supplied with the program, and the only major difference between the (wo versions is that the VIC software is designed for the VIC's 160x 176 dot high-resolu
You can modify the digitized pic
The
same
program,
called
VIC
is required to support the full-featured VIC program, but a reduced program version that will run on an unexpanded
so allows you to add text and the stan
5K machine is also available. The 5K version simply uses a smaller drawing area because of memory limitations. IB
to the graphics display, along with the
- CARDO parallel interface
- INFO DE3IGNS G/L, A/R. A/P 81360.00
- Commodore fi4 - PANASONIC hi-res green monitor - AudioA'ideo cable
- MIRAGE CONCEPTS
WORDPROCESSOR
-MIRAGE CONCEPTS DATABASE
-CALC RESULT -GEMINI 15 -TYMAC CONNECTION $1365.00 â&#x20AC;˘PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE VISA/MASTERCARD C.O.D. for MONEY ORDER
or BANK CHECK
tion screen. An 8K memory expansion
tures for hardcopy printout or use with other programs. The program al
dard Commodore graphics characters
- EPSON MX-100 printer
that you also can enjoy the program.
PICS, is offered for V1C-20 owners.
the
- Audio/Video table
- 1541 disk drive
ages that you can ioad and display on the high-resolution screen. These im ages are not just sketches, bu( digi tized pictures that demonstrate the of
- PANASONIC hi-res preen monitor
lution screen, and then proceed to do more work on the drawing.
posed of nineteen high-resolution im
capabilities
- 1541 disk drive
THE WORKS..,
be addictive.
C-64.
- Commodore 64
ma without destroying the high-reso
The program tape or disk comes complete with a picture iibrary com
high-resolution
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ...
SJB DISTRIBUTORS. INC. 10520 PLANO ROAD, SUITE 206
DALLAS, TX. 75238 (800J 527-4893 (800} 112-1018
RUN February 1984 / 39
Stop Poking Aroundâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Shortcut to Color Recalling and using the color
codes for the Commodore 64 can be a real headache without the manual.
By David E. Stanfield
POKE 53281,0. Oh fine; my screen turns black as I exercise color-power over my Commodore 64. Not too good; maybe dark gray will work better. All I need to do is Poke the right code
into location 53281 and I can instantly change the background color on ihc screen. My problem is that the list of color codes is in my owner's manual,
which happens lo be at home.
Then I figure out what happened; that
last Poke made the background the same color as the characters. Displaying black characters on a black background displays a lot of black and little in telligence. Eventually, I Poked my way out of trouble but it was all a bit awkward.
Color Combinations Galore After all, there are 16 colors available for the border around the printing area ofthe screen, 16 colors for the character set and 16 for the background. Disal lowing the use of the same color for both background and character set, there are 16x 16x 15, or 3840 different
color combinations available on
the
Commodore 64. Trying them all can take a lot of Pokes into specific memory locations. The simple solution was to write a
utility program that could be made part of
all
future
applications
programs.
After all, a 64K machine certainly has
plenty of memory available. One thing was certain; I didn't want to have to remember anything. Too many times I've used programs inten
sively for a few weeks, gone on lo other projects for months and then returned to
the original program. All of a sudden, I'd be unable to remember that this pro gram used Control W to cause all out put to be diverted to the 40-column matrix printer. The printer would just
sit there completely idle, and the only way out was to try to find the original
I've taken my computer and Datassette recorder to a friend's to show off a great program I'm proud of. The cas
sette player has allowed me to load in
RUN It Right Commotion.- 64
Address author correspondence to David E. Stanfield, 4515 N. Peachtree Road, Atlanta, GA 30338.
40 / RUN February 11184
documentation or to go through the pro gram enough times to see how it worked. The Program
my program, but I'm using his television
The Color Setter program in Listing 1
and ii has horrible color. The color
is designed to make changing the bor
combination I worked oui at home looked greai on my monitor. Here, it's
der, background and character set col
perfectly ghastly.
played beside their codes, and you are asked to enter your choice. Should you
Desperately, I try another Poke, and
ors very easy. AH
16 colors are dis
now the screen goes completely blank! My mind is beginning to do the same,
enter a code outside the correct limits,
and Pete's silly snickering doesn't help.
ore are redisplayed and the question is
error messages appear briefly, the col-
Complete
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base, mail merge and labels! Developed by Richvale Telecommunications Lid. 2. The powerful 84K Commodore 64 Computer! (more features than Apple II) 3. 170K Commodore 64 Disk Drive! 4. Box of 10 "Loran" Disks! 5. Gemini 10X Starmicronics, 10" Carriage Deluxe. 120 CPS. Dot Bit Addressable. Tractor-Fnction Pnnter!6. Deluxe Cardco Printer Interface! 7. Box of Printer Paper! 8. 12" Green or Amber Screen "Sanyo" Monitor! 9. Monitor Interface Cable! 10. "Special Software Coupon" that allows $100 to $300 savings!
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RUN February 1U84 /41
Circle I75on Retoer Service c»rD
Super Software Specials!
90)150 REH
9Q30 C$="BORDER TO BE.." 9040 D$-"BACKGROUND TO BE.." 9050 E$="CHARACTERS TO BE.."
For Commodore 64
9060 REM
SI .00 credit (or phone orders over $100 GAMES
9110 FOR B=0 TO 8:PRINT CHR$(32);:NEXT B: PRINT:NEXT A
39.95 29.95 69 95
Comtaileadei Compulci BaseDall
D D
39 95 39 95
28.56 21.66 50.76
39.95
28.S6
28 56 28 56
Congo Bongo Delender (Atansoflj Dig Dug (Atarisotl) Exodus (Ultima III)
X X X D
Frogger Inlrdel
D.C 0
34.95 ■ 24 86 49 95 35 96
JumpmanJr
X
40 DO
28 56
LodeHunner Moon SMultle Pitsiorj Popeye Puoyan Protector II
..D D X X D O.C
34 95 29.95 ■ 40.00 49 95 ■ 29 95. 34.95 ■
24 36 21 66 28.56 35.96 21.66 24 86
Ringside Soat
0
39.95
28.56
Flight Simulator II
39 95 28 56 44.95 3B 19 44.95 ■ 38 19 54.95 39.66
D
Q Berl Quest For Tires
49 95 ■ 38.96
X D
Sarganll Shamus case II Spitball , StarCioss Star Trek Suspended Temple ol Apshai
O.C D.C X D X D C,0
Zcrh I, 2, or 3
D
49 95 ■ 35 96 34.95 24 86 34.95 34.95 34 95 39 95 39 95 49 95 40 00
■ 24.86 24.86 ■ 24 36 28 56 28 56 ■ 35 96 ■ 28 56
39 95-28,56
Ask for FREE price list Educalors ask lor special educational catalog
X
Alphabet Zoo
34.00
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Delta Drawing
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24 16
D
69 95
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D D D D D D . . 1)
28 56
please call 74 95 54 46 99 95 71 96 125.00 90 46 54.95 39 66 99.95 ■ 71 9Q 99.95 ■ 71 96 .69 95
...
50 76
99 95 • 71.96
51.00
29 50
Please specify format c = casselre d = disk x = cartridge
C 0 0 • H 0 • Ctrl OwcH • SfioW P 0 ■ VIS* ■ MjlltrClill • CdKVi Allow 1 WfElj • U 1 S BIS AOO Sll« hi • US OrUcri
UMtrlHO *cW I! 00 P 1 H • «iiCim<)i»>.
US f ur>dl II 00 P & H • f ereign CMi^el Only
£
"
Pi
"O!
Box 525. Dept. 40 East Selauket, N.Y. 11733 (516)751-2535 42 / RUN February 1QS4
9220 GOTO 9240
9230 FORA=1 TO 1000:NEXT A:GOTO 9240 A=INT(A)
9250 ON C GOTO 92601,92701,929^)
9260 POKE 53280,A:GOTO 9350 9270 IF PEEK(646)= A GOTO 9320 9280 POKE 53281,A:GOTO 9350
9290 IF A-PEEK(53281)-240 GOTO 932^ 9300 POKE 646,A
9310 GOTO 9350
9320 PRINT "REDO...CHARACTERS AND BACKGROUND CAN NOT"
9330 PRINT'BE THE SAME COLOR.":FOR A-l TO 30O0:NF.XT A 9340 GOTO 9060 9350 PRINT"IF YOU ARK SATISFIED,ENTER (Y)." 9360 INPUT A$
9370 IF AJ-="Y" THEN 9390 9380 GOTO 9060
9390 ON C GOTO 94<)0,941^,9420 9410 C=3:GOTO 9060
9470 PRINT"ALL DONE"
I 7 96 35.96
Maxell Disks (10)
9210 IF A<0 THEN PRINT "TOO LOW": GOTO923(>
9460 GOTO 9010
24 95 49.95
Koala Pad
,
9200 INPUT A:IF A>15 THEN PRINT "TOO HIGH":GOTO923p
9450 INPUT AJ:IF AJ="V" GOTO 9470
49 95 -35 96 69 95 50 76
Hes Modem
9190 PRINT SPC(11);CHRS(1S);ES
9430 PRINT"COLOR SELECTIONS, ENTER (Y)."
D D
HARDWARE .
9181J PRINT SPC(9);CHR$(18);D$:G0T0 9200
24 95 ■ 17 96
Malh Blaslef' Speed Reader II
Homewotd Home Accoontant Multiplan PaperClip Practicalc64 Bcnpl 64 Woidnro 3 */and Spellnghl
9170 PRINT SPC(11);CHR$08);C$:GOTO 920(S
9420 PRINT CHR$(147);"IF YOU ARE SATISFIED WITH ALL THREE"
39 95
BUSINESS
9140 NEXT B: NEXT A 915(1 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT SFC(2);CHR$(18);B$ 916(1 ON C GOTO 9170,9180,9190
39.95 ■ 28 56
D
Bank Streel Writer
9120 FOR A=0 TO 15:FOR &-1TO 7 913(1 POKE 55306+&+(40*U+U).A
34.95 ■ ?A (16
Master Type
Typing Tutor/Word Invaders . Word Attack!
9100 PRINT TAB(10);CHR$(18);
9400 O2:G0T0 9060
EDUCATIONAL
Alligator Mix
9080 IF A>9 THEN PRINT TAB(3);A;
9090 IF A<10 THEN PRINT TAB(4):A;
X D D X
DISPLAY COLOR CHOICES
9070 PRINT CHR$(147): FOR A-0 TO 15
LIST SPECIAL
Buck Rogers Castle Wolfensiein Chess (Odesla) Choplillcr
SET COLORS
9010 C=l 9020 BS="ENTER NUMBER OF COLOR YOU WANT YOUR"
9480 RETURN
Listing I. Color Seller program.
repeated. The utility also prevents you from making the background and char acter set colors the same. When you enter a correct code, it is automatically Poked into the proper lo cation. Thus, your choice is immediate ly implememed, and you are then asked if it is satisfactory. If you indicate that it is, you proceed with other matters; oth
erwise you repeat the above until you are happy.
The program treats all three color pa rameters in this fashion, and after com pleting the last of them, you are given a chance (o repeat everything. You do not need to exit this program until you are completely satisfied.
If you look at the program listing, you will notice that it is numbered 9000 and above. This is because 1 designed it
for use as a subroutine in future pro grams, where it would be located higher
than the rest of the program. Before ac tually writing a new program,
I load
Color Setter from tape and then start programming. At some point in the new program, a
GOSUB 9010 gives me the opportunily to set up my colors. Of course, the GO
SUB could be turned into a GOTO if the last line of Color Setter were changed from a Return to another GOTO. One final point: This utility is written in Basic and uses several string and numeric variables. An easy way to keep Color Setter from clobbering your pro gram if the program uses the same variables (for example, A$) is to call
Color Setter before your program uses those variables.
IB
For CBM-64 and VIC owners only: This is just 1 of
20 pages of the newest and biggest Skyles catalog, hot off the press.
We know you'll want this page, in its full 7 V* x 9 splendor, and another 19 pages of peripherals, software and books
From Skyles
Electric Works, the sending you your
oldest and largest
very own copy
professional
within the last few
specialists in the
weeks, call us at
business.
(800) 227-9998
that will make your CBM-64 or VIC
(unless you live
computer even
in California, in
nicer to live with.
which case call
So, if we missed
(415) 965-1735.
Circle 90 on Reader Service card.
(h Skyles Electric Works 2
231 -E S. Whisman Road
<9ÂŁ Mountain View. California 94041
Speedy little mosquitoes are
your prey in this fast-paced game for the C-64. Swat 'em quick to score big!
Port 1. The mosquito moves around
you have only one chance in nine of ac
tually hitting it (just like real life)! After you swat two mosquitoes, the other mosquitoes get angry, and big ones begin to appear in random places on the screen. IT you or the little mos quito hit a big mosquito, you and your prey will get moved to different places on the screen. Sometimes you can use this to your advantage, if your swatter is far from the little mosquito. But beware! One of the big mosqui toes is a killer. If you or the little mos quito touch this big one, the game is over. There is no way of knowing which mosquito is the killer until you hit it. Then ii will turn red, and your
RUN It Right Commodore 64 Joystick
author
correspondence
to
Charles T. Kowal, 3041 Alabama St., La Crescema, CA 91214.
swatter with a joystick connected to
the screen at random Gust like real life). When you swat at the mosquito,
By Charles T. Kowal
Address
Mosquito is a simple but entertain
ing game, written completely in Basic for the C-64. The object is to swat the mosquito. You do this by moving your
score will be displayed. After you swat ten little mosquitoes, the game ends, and your total time is displayed. Anything less than 100 sec onds is a good score.
Speedy
Mosquito
44 / RUN Ftbruary 1984
\
I \
I
\
Splats and Sprites
The program begins with a title screen, then a setting up message. Dur
swat. These sounds are created in lines 260-330 and 900-980, respectively. Lines 560-580 create the random mos
ing
these
computer
preliminary is
busily
displays,
the
transferring
the
quito movements. After the computer Finishes its initial
setup, start the game by pressing the joystick fire button. You do not need to press this button to swat the mosqui
character set into RAM memory. This allows you to create your own charac ters.
to. Just move the swatter to the little
Lines 130-160 create the little mos quito character and a "splat" charac
mosquito and keep it on top of him. Eventually the little insect will be swat ted, but you must keep up with it and avoid the big mosquitoes. Happy hunting! 13
ter. Lines 1000-1060 create the sprites for the big mosquitoes. There are two
sound effects in the program: the buzz of the mosquito and the sound of a
Circle IBOon Reader Sumca card
GLQJCESTEH CQIYIPLITEH Tools for learning and dedicated applications programming.
Write code for most common 8-bit microprocessors, test it in circuit, and burn it on EPROM with this all-in-one mic ro development
Listing 1. Mosquito program for the C-64*
system
carl-
ridge. Power ful machine code editor provides com
10
PRINT"!SHFT CLR J " : FORI = 1TO5 : PR INT:NEXT:PRINTTAB( 16) ;
15
PRINT:PR INT:PRINTTAB(19);"BY"
3*
POKE53269,$:POKE532 7 7,1:POKE532 71,1:POKE532 79,0:COSH
35
REMtfss* TRANSFER CHARACTER SET TO RAH «*** POKE56334,PEEK(56334)AND254:POKE1,PEEK(1)AND251 P0RI=$TO263;POKEI+12288,PEEKCI+5324S):NEXT
all featuies of Promqueen less mimic mode. Software enhanced to in
FOK1=38410495:POKEI+12288,PEKK(I+ 53248):NEXT
clude EPROM QC utilities, RS-232 com munication, printouts. 2S prnZIFsochet.
"MOSQUITO"
20 PR1NT:PRINT:PRINTTAB<12);"CMARLES T.
KOWAL" :N = lJ: Q=16
ffl:R = ll(J:C=l
9(|
FOR!=81670823:POKE 1 + 12288,PEEK(1+53 248):NEXT
Reads, edits runs and pro-
PORI-I(624TO1287iPOKEI+12288,PEEK( 1+53248) :NEXT FOR[=1408TO1519:POKEI+12 288,PEEK(1+332 48):NEXT
lip
P0KE1 , PKHK(l)0R4 :P0KE56334, I'F,EK( 56334 )OR1
120
POKE53272,(PEEK(53272)AND240)+12
125
REHsS)fs
140 145
POKEM+6, 136;POKi':M + 7, 132
MAKi:
MOSQUITO
CHARACTER
2500 and 2700 series EPROMS
«***
:P0KEH+4,82:POKEM+S,73 MAKE
'SPLAT'
****
M = M+12 48:POKEH, 1 37 : POKKM+1 , 74 : P0KF,M + 2, 36:P0KEM + 3, *: POKEM+4,^:POKEM+5,36
180 190 200
210
PaiKT"[SKFT CLR]" PRINT"PRF.SS
FIRE
BUTTON
TO
[FPEEKC5632])<>239THEK190
START"
l'OKE53 27'J,(j: YY= I NT( 8"RNI)(0)) :/./, = 2 ( UP AKHOW ]¥Y
PRINT"[SHFT CLR]" tFORN-56256TO56295:POKEH,14:NEXT
225
FORN = 55296TO56255 :POKi;N,l:NEXT
230
FORN=1984TO2023:POKEN,160:NEXT:REM HE
2 50
MD=
255
REH*«*#
26? 27$ 280
S=54272:FL=» POKES+24,? POKES+1 ,10J5
SOUND
CLEAR
««**
290 POKES+5,219 30©
POKES+15,28
310
POKKS+24,15
32(J
POKKS + 4,19
375 38IJ
REM*«*« READ JOYSTICK *#•« ,IV = l'i-(Pl':iiK(56321)AND15}:DX=0:DY=(1
33j) PORT-lTO200:NEXT:POKES+4, 18
40ip IFJV=lTHENDY = -40: POKES D, 32 :COTO49(fl 41& IFJV=2THENDY=4p:i'OKESD,32:COTO490 420
EEPROMS all without per
sonality modules. host computer.
Commodore C-G4 $299.00
voltage conversions for PQ/64 system. $49.00
POKES3269,tf):POKE53 27 7,PKKK(53277)AND254:POKE53 271,P EEK(53271)AND254
MOSQUITO
plus variety of
PQ/&U RS pack performs RS-232
POKEM+6,74:P0KEM+7,137 170
-.
gramsallSvolt
130 M=12288:P0KEM,144:POKEM+1,80:POKKM+2,5?:POKEM+3,252 |;r;Ms«t^
host computer. Programs 2716. 2732, 2758 EPROMS and similar EPROMS. $199.00
6(j> PRINT"[SHFT CLRJSETTING UP CHARACTER TABLE" 80
prehensive ROMware development sup port. Ideal for robotics, process control, game development. Commodore VIC-20
IFJV=4THENDX=-1:POKESD,32:GOTO490
4 30 IFJV = 5THENDX=-I:DY=-40:POK[-SI)I32:GOTO490
BOTTOM
L(
Plug your applications software into Commodore's computers on Gloucester Computer ROM Packs. Out top quality ROM cartridges include
-bypassing on all chips - low noise lay out with ground plane - solder mask and gold plated edge connector
-wave soldered assembly and solvent cleaning
- DIP switch for address selection VIC-20 versions include model V-3 for two 2732 EPROMS and model V-16 for 4 2732 EPROMS. C-64 versions include model C-16 for four 2732 EPROMS and model B-16 for two 2764 EPROMS.
All products shipped with comprehen sive documentation. Call our user hot line 617-283-7719 or write for infor mation: Gloucester Computer, 1 Black
burn Center, Gloucester. MA 01930.
RUN February 1984 / 45
Circle 66 on Rnadui SoMcs card.
CBM 64 / VIC 20
Listing continued.
Available for the 64 and VIC
PORTFOLIO MANAGER (VIC version req, 8k)
Tape
S44.95
Disc
$49.95
Disc
$49.95
SIGMA STAT
(VIC version req. 8K!
Tape
$44.95
HOME ACCOUNTANT Tape
$24.95
INVESTOR Tape
S19.95
Disc
Disc
$29.95
$24.95
440
4 50
519.95
Disc'....24.95
500
EMBASSY COMPUTER PRODUCTS P.O. BOX 88, Little Neck, N.Y. 11363
VIC Trademark of Commodore
IFSC<1024THENSC=SC+960 POKESC, 102:SD=SC
530
IFXX<>OTHENPOKESD,32:SC=SC+INT( 10*RND[ 0)): SI)=SC : POK ESC, 102:n=jBiGOTO250
XX-PEEK(53279):IFXX-22THENPOKE532S7+Yy,2:XX-#iP0KE5 3269,ZZ:(;OTO8ptt
POKES+4,19:FORT=1TOI0:NEXT:POKKS+4,18
550 DX=0:DY=0
560 MX=INT(RND(0)*3):MX=MX-1 57(5 580 MD=MC:MC=MC+MX+MY IFMC>1983THENMC = M
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED PROGRAMMERS WANTED
SC=SC+DX+DY:IFSC>19B3THENSC=SC-960
51(1
iend check, cash or M.O. plus 51.50 p/h NY Re5. add 8.25% Sales Tax
[FJV-8THENDX-I:P0KESD,32:GOTO49B IFJV-9THBNDX-1:UY=-40:POKESD,32;GOTO490
470 IFJV=ipTHENI>X= 1 : DY=40: POK KSD, 32
LOAN/MORT. ANALYZER Tape
IFJV-6THENDX— 3 :I)Y = 40: POKESD, 32:G0TO49(S
610 620 630 700
IFMC=SCTHENTN=Tr/60:GOTO90tf POKES+4,1(J:FORT=1TO10: NEXT: POKES + 4,18 POKEMD,32:POKEHC,p:GOTO380 CT=CT+1
720
IFCT<2THEN74<fl
740
SUB1040 POKE1984,147:POKEl<JS5,131:P0KE1986, 143 : P0KE1987 , 1 46
750
POKE1989,1S9:POKE199(*,{CT+176)
800
POKEMD,32:POKEMC,32
820
PRINT"SCORE = " ; CT : POK E532 79,0: POK ES +24,0^
830
PRINT"[CRSK
PRESS
FIRE BUTTON TO
895
REH***«
SWATTING
710 IFCT>9THENPOKE53269,0:GOTO800
Circle 21 Son Reader Service card.
730 N"CT-2iF
NEW
C-64
SAIL TO AMERICA A totally new computer experience • Parents Teil your kids Cadmean's The Voyage ol the May/lower has all Ihe color, sound and excitement they love.
Challenge the mighty Atlantic, defy ils roaring storms and bring your passen gers sately 10 Ihe new world. There's never been an experience like il. Any where.
• Kids Tell your parents 7/?e Voyage of Me Mayflower is a terrific learning adven ture. Recreate the hazards and drama of thefirst Pilgrim voyage. Learn about sail ing strategy, weather, navigation and
Q()
:P0KE1988t133
760 POKESC+54272,1:GOTO250
810 PRINT"[SHFT CLR]","[CTRL 9]GAME OVER[CTRL fS ] " : PRINT "TIME=";INT(TN-TM+.5);"SECONDS"
94(J
POKES + 23,1
• Families Pit your imagination against ihe world as ihe Pilgrims knew it. Share the exciting journey to a new life in anew land. Risk the danger and feel the joy. Learn together howthe Mayflower sailed into history on the courage of those few who dared.
960
POKES+4,129
$29.
School and dealer inquiries welcomed DISK ONLY ORDER NOW. FREE shipping lor Master Card and Visa orders. Call (313) 994-0845 Day or Night. C.O.D., checks, money or ders add $3.00 shipping.
CADMEAN CORP., 309 Koch, Ann Arbor, Ml 48103
46 / RUN February 1984
DN]|CRSR
DN][CRSR
START AGAIN":FL-1jGOTO 190
SOUND
DN ]
•***
SC+54272,7
it is. Every level is a unique experience
All this and a FREE 11 x 16 Poster for only
DN][CRSR
910 POKES,240:POKES+1,33 POKES+5,8
whether you're 6 or 60. Unforgettable.
DN![CRSR
9tffi F0RL=(JiT024: POK ES+L,0:KEXT: POKESC, 1 56: POK END, 32 : POKE 920
history. The more you know the more fun
: GO
930 POKES+22,104 950 POKES+24,79 970 FORT=lTO250:NEXT:POKES+4,128 980
P0RL=pT024iP0KES+L,p:NEXT
990
GOTO7PP
1909
MTA0, 0,P, 0,0. 0,P,0, 0, P,0
, 97, ?,/>, 99,0,0 ,
,54,0,0,28,0,1,255,64
1010 DATA3,255,224,0,218,32,I,85,16,2,34,136,2,84,128,4 1P20
,146,128,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
DATAB,^,0,0,0,0,0
1030 FORI=204pTO2047:POKEI,13:NEXT
1()40 FOR I=0TO62:READZ:POKEB32 + I,Z: NEXT 1050 106p
1070 108fl
V=53248:POKEV+2*N,R+50:POKEV+l+2*N,Q+40 POKEV+16,0:POKEV+21,G:POKEV+39+N,l
IFPEEKC5327 9)<>OTHF,NMD=MC:POKEMD,32:MC =
POKESD,32:SC=SC+5
RETURN
Now NRI takes you inside the new TRS-80 Model 4 microcomputer with disk drive to train you at home as the new breed of computer specialist! NRI teams up with Radio Shack advanced technology to teach you how to use, program and service state-of-the-art microcomputers... It's no longer enough to be just
a programmer or a technician. With microcomputers moving into the fabric of our lives (over 1 million of die TRS-80™ alone have been sold), interdisciplinary skills are demanded. And NRI can prepare
you with the first course of iK kind, covering the complete world of the microcomputer,
Learn At Home In Your Spare Time With NRI training, the programmer
gains practical knowledge of hardware to
design simpler, more effective programs. And, with advanced programming skills,
the technician can test and debug systems quickly and easily.
Only NRI gives you both kinds of
training with the convenience of learning
at home. No classroom pressure, no night
school, no gasoline wasted You leam at your convenience, at your own pace. Yet
you're always backed by the NRI
staff and vour
The Catalog is Free.
instructor, answeringqoestions
The Training is Priceless.
and giving you guidance.
TRS-80, Model 4 plus Disk Drive to Learn on and Keep
NRI training is hands-on training
with practical experiments and demonstra tions. You not only leam to program your computer, you leam all about it... how cir cuits interact... interface with other systems ...gain a real insight into its nature. Under NRI's carefully planned training, you even,
install a disk drive, verifying at each step its operation.
You also work with a professional 4-Hinction, 3^ digit digital multimeter and
Get all the details on this exciting course in NRI's free, 104 page catalog. It shows all equipment, lesson outlines, and facts on other electronics courses such ;ls Electronic Design, Industrial Electronics,
Video/Audio Servicing... 12 different career opportunities in all.
Keep up with the latest technology as
you leam on the latest model of the world's most popular computer. If coupon has l«en used, write to NRI Schools, 3939 Wisconsin
Avenue, \vashington, D.C. 20016.
the NRI Discovery Lab? performing over 60 separate experiments. Both microcomputer and equipment come as
part of your training for you to use and keep.
Same Training
Available With
Color Computer NRI offers you the opportunity to train with
the TRS-80 Color Com puter as an alternative to die Model 4. The same
technique for getting in
Now 11.! mi 11; includes either 111 ■■ rrsi'.o Model 4 Microcomputer with Disk Drive or TOS-80 Color Computer with Computer Access Card; profes
sional LCD i ■ i ■ ■'! ■ i'
■: .■. the Mil Discovery Lob; and
hundred* of demonstrations and experiments.
OTtt-Ml u 1 uidonirit nf the Radio Slack Jjw: on of Tim!1. Cap-1 Circle 52 an Reader Service card.
side is enhanced by using the new NRl-developed Computer Access Card.
Only NRI offers you a choice to fit your specific mining needs.
Mil Schoali McGraw-Hill Cm Hi mi jug Education Cenler i9i9 Wisconsin Avenue
^j
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D I'titA fw ilrt-nh
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He'll jiit )ou tomorrow
The catalog is free.
The training Is priceless.
□ Industrial Electronics
Please check for one fret BttsriK only:
D liasic Electronics DIsmall tin Bine Servicing
D Computer Kleclrmncs including
Microcomputers □ Color TV'. Audio, and Video S>item Servicing
□ Appliance Servicing
D Electronics Itolgit TVdinnlogy D Hi gin! Electronics
□ Aul" Air Conditioning
G Automotive Servicing D Air Condi linn ing. Healing.
D Communications Electronics • YCC. licenses
■ Mobile CU - Aircraft - Marine
Kefrigeralian. S Solar IKhnology D Itulldmg Construction
(Pkast Prim)
Arcrrdjtrd In the Vtmiiliiin riinimiunn <i Ihr Naljinjl Hmw Sluli (aaici
RUN February 10S4 / 47
Operation File Handler: Database Deluxe to the Need an inexpensive data-base
program for your VIC-20 or C-64? This one won't cost you a
cent. Just type in the listing to store, categorize and sort your data with ease.
By John Stilwell Deluxe File Case is a file handler for
version, line 30 looks at the amount of
the Commodore 64 or for the VIC-20 with a memory expansion of 3K or
memory available for data storage and
more. The program is designed to use the 1540 or 1541 single disk drive or
then gives you the optimum number of pages. This means thai if you change the size of the program, it will notice
the Commodore Datassette. For print
and will change the number of pages it
outs, it wfll work with any of the VIC
gives you. In the C-64 version, you are always
printers.
The file format is a group of pages with ten entries per page. In the VIC-20
RUN II Right VIC-20 with 3K oi more of expanded memory, or Commodore 64 1540 or IMI disk drive or Commodore Daiassette
given 100 pages with ten entries on each page. On line 30, N is set to 1000, the number of entries that the file can hold. If you want more or fewer pages, all you have to do is change this number. When you run the program, you will first be asked for a file name. If you push the return key without providing a name, the file name will default to "Noname." The program then sets it self up.
Address author correspondence to John
Stilwell, 5018 Marathon Drive, Madi son, WI53705.
48 / RUN February 1984
A moment later, the list of one-letter
commands will appear on the screen.
The commands that you have are: Page, Insert, Enter, Catalog, Alpha betize, Kill, New, Load, Save, Hard
Copy and Help. If you should ever forget what they mean, push the ? key for the list of definitions. Using the Commands To call up a page, push P and the
page number that you want. (A flashing cursor will remind you to push the return key after typing in something that was asked for.) When the page ap pears, you will see ten entry numbers
with a dash after each one. To make an entry, push E and type in one of the numbers to indicate where you want the
entry to go. The entry must not contain any commas, colons or semicolons. After you have pushed the return key, the entry will appear on the page.
If you want the entry to appear in the catalog, it has to be reversed (lettering inside a colored bar). To do this, the first character of the entry must be a left
arrow. This is the key in the upper lefthand comer of the keyboard.
Listing 1. Deluxe File Case program for the VIC-20. 1
T$="NO NAME":PRINT"[SHFT CLR]FILK NAME":INPUTT$:T$=«LE
2
N=INT(FRE(0)/20):P=1 :X = (N+1 )/10:DIMS$<N>: t'OK ii;36a79 , 18 5:1!$ = " LINE#":G0SUB8I
3
KT$<T$,K)
FS-CHRS( 15):G$=C1IR$(8):GOT08
4 K=0 5 Q=(&: PRINT"! SHFT
Rescue!
C1,R][CTRL
1][CTRL 9] CATALOG:
NT"PACE
6
FORJ = KTON:IFASC(S$<J)) = 18TI[ENPRINT"[CRSR
7 8
+1);S$(J):Q-Q+1:IFQ>lfflTHEN8 NEXT.) GOSUB26:IFA = 0THI-;N8
9
ON
A
IFJ<N+1THENK-J:GOTD5
11
C0T04
13 14 15 L6
PRINT"iCRSR DNHCRSR DN )PACE#" : 1 NPUTA$ : P=VAL( AS ): COS UB27:IFAO0THEN9 TFP<10RP>XTIIENPRINT"[3 CRSR UPS]":GOTO12 PRiNT"[CTRL 9][SHFT CLR]PAGE"P;T$:FOR 1=0109:L=(P-1}* 1(1+1: PR I NT" [CRSR LF | "L; SS (L) :NEXT G0SUB26! IFA-0THEN15 IFAO12THEN9
17
I'=IJ+1 :irP>XTlll-:NI'=]
18
G0T014
19
LF]"INT(J/l(fl
G0TO4,12,19,22,29,36,41,67,47,52,31
10 12
";TS:I'K!
AS="-1":PRINT"[CRSR DN][CRSE ALfA4);G0SUB27:IFA<>pTHEN9
DN | ENTKR"R$ : INPL1TAS : .1 = V
20 [F.K^ORJ>IST(X)-'10+1THESPRTNT"[5 CRSR UPS ] " :C0T01<J 21
INI>LiTS$(J):G0T01l6
22
A$-"-X":PRIMT"[CRSR
DN][CRSR
2i 24
lFJ<f)0RJ>INT(X)*lp+rnil'NPRIST"[5 CRSR UPS]":GOT022 ' PRINT"E»TRY":INPUTD$:PRINT"INSERTING":IFR=NTHEN14
2r>
COSUBS6:FORUKKTO.J + 1STEP-1:S$(I ) =S$( f - 1 J: NEXT ; S*( .1) =
26
E$ = "C,1\F,,I,N,S,L,II,K,A,?[CTRL <fi\
VAL(A$):COSUB27:IFA<>0THEN9
DN | INSERT"RS : TN'PIITAS : .1 =
D$:GOT0116
27
28
" : PR INT" [ CTRL 9][C
RSR DH]"E$"ICRSF l.Fl[CRSR UPJ[CRSR IIP ] " : GOSUB63 A-0:FORI-1TO13:IFHID*(E$,1*2-1,1)=ASTHENA=I:[-13
NEXT!:RETURN
29 G0SUB66iIFA$O"Y"THEN4
3f) PRINT"NEW FILE NAME" : INPUTTS :GOSIB81 : G0T04 31
PRINT"[SHFT CLR]|CTRL 91C[CTRL $ \ ATALOG[CRSR DN)":PR INT"CALL [CTRL 9|P[CTRL 0jAGE[CHSR DN]":PKIKT"ICTR L
9]I[CTRL p]NSERT"R$
32 PRINT"[CRSR DN][CTRL 9)E[CTR1. 0 ] NTI:R"R$ : PRINT"[ CRSR 1 reverse such things as the titles of categories. For example, you mighl want to organize a book list by authors. To do this, reverse each author's name and enter his books after the name.
DN][CTRL 9}K[CTRL 0 1ILL"R$ : PR INT"| CRSR DN j [ CTK1, <) | A|CTRL 01U'IIABET1ZE":PR1NT"|CKSK DN 11 CTRL 9iN[CTRL 0]EW
FILEICRSR
DN]"
T3 PRINT"[CTRL 9]L[CTRL ?)JOAD FROM TAPE OR [CTRL
9]S[CTRL
0]AVE TO TAPE OR
DISC": PR1 NT"
iHSC|CRSR
DN)"
iU
PRINT"fCTRL 9]?[CTRL 0] DEFINITIONS":PRIKT"[CRSR DN ] [CTRL 9]!i[CTRL 01 LIST TO PRINTER[CRSK UP]":G0SUB2 6:IFA=0THEN31
[The book titles are not reversed.) Now, 35
G0T09
author's name will be shown with the
36
!'RrfJT"(SHFT
page number on which it appears. To insert something between
(7 PRINT"! CTRL 9)D[CTRL 0] ISC OR [CTRL 9 )'J't CTRL jllAIMi?"
whenever you
call the catalog,
each
two
already existing entries, push I and type the number of the line lhat you want the insertion to go on. If you want to kili (erase) an entry, push K and type in the
38
CI,R]|CTRL
6tIFA$O"Y"THEN4
1]SAVE TO TAPE OR
:GOSUB63:Il'A$-"T"Tlli;N40
IFASO"D"THEN4
39 OPEN1518,15,"UI-":CLOSE15:OPEN2,8,2,"(a0:"+'rs+" X],S,W":J=2:G0T089
40 0PEN1,1,1,TS:PRINTS 1,TS:J=l:COTO89
entry number. To cancel a command
41
I'RINT"[SHFT CLR] [CTRL 9]L0AD
like Kill, just type in another command
42
HR1NT"[CTRL 9 j D| CTRL, (pjlSC OR
letter instead of the entry number.
If you want to skim over pages, push the space bar instead of a command let ter. To call up the catalog, push C. Due to the limited amount of space on the screen, only ten categories with their page numbers can be displayed at a time. Push the return key to get the next
DISC" SG0SUB6
B66:TFA$<>"y1"rilEN4
:GOSUB63:IFA$-"T"TIIEfJ46
43
IFA$O"D"TI1EN4
44
GOSUB97:PRINT"[CRSR EN4
DNJFILE
FROM
TAPE OR
DISC":GOSU
[CTRL i)]T|CTRL (S]APB?"
NAME7":1NFUTNS:IFN$=""Til
45 OPEN15,8,15,"UI-":CLOSE15:OPEN2,8,2,"0:"+NS+" X],S,R": J=2:COT()93
[SHFT
[SHFT
46 OPEN I,1,0:J=1:GOTO93
RUN Februan' 1U84 / 49
len categories. To save or load a file, push S or L re spectively. You'll be asked to confirm your intentions. You wouldn't want to load in a file when you're not yet done
with the one that's in the computer. Next, you'll be asked whether you're using a disk or tape drive. Push D for disk orT for tape. If you push D, you'll
Listing I continued.
47
PRINT"[CRSR
DN]|CKSR
DN ]KILL"RS : INPUTAS : J=VAL( AS ): GO
SUB27:IFA<>0THEN9 -
48
4'}
TFJ<0ORJ>NT1IENPR[NT"[CRSR UP|[CRSR
UP]":GOTO47
FORI=JTON-l:IFS$<I) = "[-SHfT *] "ANDS$(I+1 )-"[SHFT HENI-N-I:G0T051
«]"T
50 S$(I)=S$(I+1):GOSUFS65 51 52
NRXT:S$CN)-"[SHFT *]":COTO14 PRINT"[CRSR UN J ( CRSR DN 1 ALPHABETIZE
53
IFMTDS(S$(U), 1 , 1 )="[CTRL 9 ] "TI1KNU = U+ 1
55
NBXTI:XFK»1THEN57
56
NPUKK
one.
58
J«U:IFI=NN-UTilEN14
Push A to alphabetize. You can only alphabetize what is inside of a category.
59
IFJ=NN-ITHEN62
60
IFS$(J)>S$(J+1)THENTP$=S${J):S$(J)=SS(J+1):SS(J+1)=T
61
PS J=J+l:G0TO59
62
I-I+l:POKE368 79,INT(RND(K)*8+!84):GOTO58
be asked if you want a listing of the data files that are on the disk. When resaving a file to the disk, the old one will be replaced by the new one. This relieves you of trying to remember
which version of a file is the most recent
If your categories are authors' names, then you can alphabetize ihc books by each individual author, but you cannot
alphabetize
the
authors
themselves.
After pushing A, you will be asked for
the number of the first entry to be sorted.
If you have trouble typing in this pro gram, send me a seif-addressed, stamped mailer with a cassette or disk. I will be
happy to record the program and send it to you. 53
54
L(AS):IFU<0ORU>NTHENGOTO8
" ;: GOSUII82 :U-VA
GOSUB83:K-0iFORI-UTOKK:IFLEFT$((S$(I)),l)i»"[CTRL 9]" T9ENK=1:NN=I-1:I=KK
57
I=<0
63 CETAS:IFAS =
64 65
66 67
H1F.N63
RETURN PHINT"l HOMK | "TA B( 37 ); I : RETURN
PRINT"[CRSR
DNJICRSR
DN][CTRI. 9]ARE
OSUB63:RETURN
PRINT"[SHFT CLK][CTRL 9] HARD
VOU
SURE?
Y/N":G
COPY" :GOSUB66: 1FASO"Y"
THEN 4
68 PRINT"ENTIRE FILE?" :G0SUB63 :1 FA$ = "Y"THENF=fl :M = N: GOTO 71
69 GOSUB82:F=VAL(A$):1 FF<£iORF>NCOTO67 70 PRINT"ENDTNG"R$i INPUTAS :H = VAL(A$) : I FM<fiORH>NORM=<FTH EN67
71
OI'i;N4,4:AS="":FORI»lTOINT((40-LEN(T$))/2)
73
1,L=4:FORI=FTOM: I FLEFTS(SS(I), ! ) = "[GTRL
75
GOTO79
77
PRINT#4,"[5 SPACES ) "GS+A$ : PRINT#4 ,F$ + "[ 5 SPACF.S|"+SS
7 2 AS=A$ + "[ SPACE | " :NEXTI: AS = AS+" [ CTRL $ 1" : PR INT</4 ,CIIR?(
Circle 270 on Reafler Service caiO
DYNAMIC SPRITE DEVELOPER (or Commodore 64™
INTRODUCTORY PRICE:
omy $9.95 FEATURES: • Uses joystick for drawing •Supports single and multiple color sprites • Fast machine code routines • Clear instructions
ADVANCED FEATURES: • Horizontal and vertical scrolling
• Rotation of sprite • Mirror image tor perfect symmetry •Animation
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED Cassette Only
74
76
DELTA ENTERPRISES
96 Hawthorn Street Westwood, MA 02090 Mass, residents <M 5 ■ sales tai
Commodore 6J is a trademark ol C.B.M. Ire
50 / RUN February 1U84
9]"THEN76
IFS$<I)O"[S.IFT •]"THENPRIKTM,CHR$<15)"[5 SPACES]"S S(I)CHRS(lfl)):LL-LL+2
A$-"":F0RKK-7T0LEN(S5CI))*6:A$-A$+CHR$(255):NEXTKK CD+GJ
78 PRINT#4,FS+"t 5 SPACES ] "+G$ +A S + F$CtlRS< 10 ): LL=LL+4 79 rFLL>59TIIENFORfJL=LLTO72: PRINT #4, CURS (lt(); :NEXTNL:PRI 8(1
NEXT1: CLOSE* :G0T04
81
FORJ=OTOS!SS(J)-"[S!iFT *]": SEXT.l: RETURN
82
PRINT"STARTINC"R$;IVPUTAS:RETURN
83 FORI=NTOpSTEP-l:IFS$t1)<>"[SHKT •]"THENKK-I;1-0:GOTO 85 84
KK=I
85
NEXTI:RETURN
87
KK=I
H8
NEXT] :RI-TUKN
91
PRINT«J,TS+" [SHFT X]":PRINT*J,K:FORU0TOK
86 U<> 9p 92
93 94
'J5
"The difference in software is Delta"
Please send check or M.O. to:
14)AS+TS+FSCHRS(10)CHRS(10)
96 97
FORT=J+1TON:TFS$(I)="[SHFT *]"THENKK-I:I=N:GOT085 F0RI-NT0^STEP-l:K-I:IFS$(l)O"[SHFT NEXTI:K-K+1
PRINT#J,SS(I):G0SUB65:KEXT:CL0SEJ:G0T04
INPUTS,NS:lFRIGHT$(NS,2)o" OT
|SHFT
FOUND":GOSUB63:CLOSEJ:G0T04
X ] "THENPR I STNS"
T$=N$:T$=LEFTS(TS,LEN(TS)-2):PR1NT"[CRSR FOUND
"T$: INPUTS.!,K
IFK>fITHENPRINT"[CRSR
DNJ[CTRL
N 91
DN][CTRL 9]WARNING:":PRINT"FILE
CAME FROM VIC WITH LARGER MEMORY";K=N FORU0TOK: INPUT# J , SS(I) : GOSUB65 :SEXT :CLOSE.) :GOTO4 PRINT"|CTRL 9 | [SHFT CLRjDISC FILE LISTING? [CRSR DN] ":COSUB63:I FASO'T'THEN'RETURN
98 PRIN'T"[S1IFT C1.R][CTRL 91.SCANNING 99
»]"THENT=(I
0PEN1l,8,p,"Sp"
DISC|CRSR
DN)"
CET#1,AS,B$
GET#1,AS,B$
y-s
Introducing...Higgins! HIGGINS is not one of our popular action-packed games, nor is HIGGINS one of our ever-popular tutorial programs. And you just don't run into guys like HIGGINS everyday HIGGINS is our trademark. Formally known as Hamilton George Higgins...he represents the quality and distinction found only in CYBERIA software. So we've given him the opportunity to introduce four of our newest products:
TUTORIAL
SERIES VOLUME II:
"Take it from me, H.G. HIGGINS ...VolumeI ofCYBERIA'S tutorial series
"Oncc you finish with Volume I, you'll tvant to use Volume II right away. Volume II, which is my favorite, teaches you some of the surprises that lurk inside the Commodore 64. You'll team about
is the best invention since the Commodore 64 itself! With Volume I you'll learn tlw
keyboard and the fundamentals of pro
gramming in BASIC. And it comes with less than 1 page of instructions!"
sound and graphics. And the best part is...
the program is easy to use and lots offun."
GAMES GALACTIC BATTLES:
;
"Wow! I just finished a ride down
the river and it was WILD! I play RIVER
CHASE so much, that CYBERIA even put me on the cover of the box. Take it from me...your collection of games for the Commodore 64 is not complete unless you own RIVER CHASE."
"Just wait until you've been through a round of GALACTIC BATTLES. There's nothing like it on planet Earth ami it gets harder the longer you play. Oh! I almost
forgot, watch out for the XENDARS... tiie ruthless robots."
"Commndorr &t~ s a trademart:
CaP ut [i. «n [lie
MHiUlNS PAS dim TIJIWV!
nl Commodore Elecuurics. LTDr
5OFTWARE [I you caul find thoe fioftwaro pnidiicls al your local dealer call CVHIiKiA TOLL FKKK to place in order or tn i l Ite name uf a dealer nearynu.
Simply call [rajW249-3«X] «t in Iowa l/S0Qfl!62-2«M, Circle 1t5 on Road of Service card.
The COMMODORE-USERS' Monthly Journal
«»</*
ND THE UNIVERSE
COMMODORE COMPUTERS •
Articles written by leading experts in their field.
•
In depth and unbiased analysis of the latest in educational software.
■ Fascinating glimpses into the wonders of computer future. • Objective comparisons of Commodore Computers. • New products previews of the latest and best equipment on
TO SUBSCRIBE CALL TOLL-FREE 1-800-426-1830 except WA, HI, AK
Call Direct (206) 584-6757
the market.
COMMODORE C-64 And Vic-20 Are Trademarks Of COMMODORE Business Machines, Inc.
C-fl
D$=DS+"[CTRL
9 ] "+MIDS(STRS(C), 2 ) + "[ CTRL
Y=.Y-1 :GOTO11S
IFLEFT$(S$(J),1)="[LEFT ARROW ] "THENSSCJ)-tp [CTRL 9
G0T014
115
116
117
POKE532S1.U
(T*-"NO NAME"
0
CLRJ[CTRL
";TStf[C
LF J "IN'Tf J/1
2][CTRL 9]CATALOG:
DN1 ] ": PRIST"PAGE
ONACOTQ40,I2l2, 1 9^ p 220 , 290 , 36Sl, U 1 i , 670 , U 73 , 520 , 3 1 IFJ<N+1THENK=J:GOTO5O 5 0 GOTOi0
NBXTJ
DN][CRSR
P=P+1;IFP>XTHENP-1
GOSUB260 :
NEXT
]":FORI=0TO9:L=(P-l)ftI0+I;PRINT11[CRSR
LF]"L;SS(LJ:
SUB27fl:IFAO0THE\9|? IFP<lORP>XTHEMPRrNT"f3 CRSB UPS]":GOTOI20 PRINT"[CTRL 9][3HFT CLR]PAGE"P;TS"[CRSR DN][CRSR DX
120 PRIM"[CRSR DK][CRSR DS ]PAGEtf": IMPUTAS: P=VAL( AS) :GO
^
RSR
5tf Q=0:PRINTir[SHFT
LINE#":COSUB8I0:
DNS] [14 SPACES JPLEASE WAIT" :TS=LEFTS(T
30 N=1000:P=1:X=(N+1>/10:DIMS${H):R$=" GOTO80
$.14)
25 PRItfT"[6 CRSH
14 PRINT"[SHFT CLR][CTRL 2]FILE NAME": INPiJTTS
10
Listing 2. Deluxe File Case program for the Commodore 64.
(D-PICI+I) :NEXTT:L=L-I: RETURN'
118 FORI=4TOC:C$(IPP%(L))-"[SHFT •]"jKEXTIjFORI-LTOY:
+KIGHT$(S$(J)1LEN(S$<J))-1)
C$-IMI C$=CS + BS:GET#l,BS:IFBSOlf"THEK112 IFRtGHT5(D<,l)="[SHFT X ] "THEXPRINTDS DSo"":GOTO101
111 112 113 114
110 GETnJBS:IFB$-CHHSC32)THENll0
B$oCHRS(34)THEND5 = D$+B
B5OCHRS(34)THEN107
GETfrl,B$:IF
IF
107 GETfl,BS:IFST<>0THENCLOSE1:PRINT:RETURN
lf)6
105 IF BSO"MTHENC-C+ASC(BS)*256
104 IF A$OnnTHENC-ASC(AS)
103
102 GETn,AS,BS
Listing 1 continued.
][CTRL 9]E3(CTRL (2i ]
L]SAVE
LIST TO
GOSUS97S):PRINT"[CRSR
DN'JFILE
DISC":GOS
J=2
VAME? " : INPUTN$ :
[CTRL 9]T[CTRL 0)APE?
PRINT"[CTRL 9]D[CTRL 0]ISC OR ":GOSUB630;IFAS="T"TlIE\'i6p 420
I|,S,WB!
: GOTO
DISC":GOSUB
QPEN1,lf1,TS:PRIHT#1,T$:J=I:GOTO890 PRINT"[SHFT CLR]fCTRL 9]LOAD FROM TAPE OR
[][ SHFT
L'B660: FFASO'^^THEN^Cf
OR
[CTRL 9]T[CTRL 0
TAPE
430
390
":GOSUB630:IFA$«"TT1THEN40d
TO
PRIXTER[CRSR
660: IFAS<>lrY"THEN40 370 PRINT"[CTRL 9]D[CTRL 0]ISC OR 395C
9
UP]":GOSUB
DV][CTRL
PRrNTFI[CTRL 9]L[CTRL OJOAD FROM TAPE OR DISC":PRINT "[CRSR DN][CTRL 9lS[CTRL 0JAVE TO TAPE OR DISC[CRS R DN J" PRINT'ICTRL 9]7[CTRL 0] DEFINITIONS":PRINT"[CRSR DN
DM]"
0] ILL1IR5 : PRINT1I[ CRSR
350 GOTO90 PRINTlf[SHFT CLR][CTRL
325
9]K[CTRL
]A[CTRL djLPHABETIZE[CRSR DM J" PR1N'T"ICTRL 9]\'[CTRL 0]EL: FILE[CRSR
DN 11 CTRL
PRIWT"(CRSR DNj[CTRL 9]E[CTRL rf]NTER"RS : PRINT11 [ CRSR
PR1KT"NEW FILE NAME":INPUTT5tG0SUB810:GOTO40 PRINTf'(SHFT CLR][CTRL 9]C[CTRL ^ J ATALOG[ CR5R DfJj":P RIKT"CALL [CTRL 9]P[CTRL 0JAGE[CRSR DK ]t1; PRINT" [ CT RL 9 )I[CTRL 0]NSERT"RS
KEXTI:RETURN
GOSUB66<&:IFASO"YMTHE:a0
UP]":GOS
" : PRINTTAB( 9) " [CT
291?
LF]JCRSR
A-9:FORI = lT013:IFMIDS(ES,I*2-lf 1 )=ASTHEXA=*I: 1 = 13
DNj'fES"[CRSR
270 28fl
RL 9](CSSR BB63fl
UP][CRSR
GOSUB860:FORI-KKTOJ+1STEP-1:SS(I)=*SS{I-1 )=D$:GOTO116(2
223
260 E$ = lfC,P,E,I,NfS,L1H,K,A1?lCTRL $]
240 2 50
«VAL(A$):GOSUB270:IFAO0THEN90 IFJ<^ OR J>IST(X)^10+1TKEN PRINT"[5 CRSR UPS]":GOTO
: J=
IFJ<0 OR J>INT<X)*10+ITHEN PRINT"[5 CRSR UPS]":GOTO 0 INPLJTS$(J) :GOT01 L6^ AS = lt-l":PRINT"[CRSR DNJICRSR DN ] INSERT"R$ : INPUTA$ : J
ISC? GOTOI i<? S S = ri-l":PRINT"[CRSR DN][CRSR DX ) ENTER"RS : ^0
X),S,R":
J-2 GOTO
GOSUBB3tf:K-(9:FORI=UTOKKjIFLEFT$((SS(I)).i)="ECTRL
540
)
9
NN=KK
560
TP$
DN][CRSR
Y/N1T:
H>N
OR
H
(14)AS+TS+FSCHRS( 1J))CHR$( 10)
LL=4:FORI=KT0N:IFLEFT$(S$(I),1)="[CTRL
9]"THEN760
PRINT#4,"[5
770
SPACES]"G$+A$!PRINTS,FS+"L5
SPACES T'
0 .S^'t5 SPACES )"fG$ + A$ + F$CHRStIP)=LL-LL+4 790 IFLL>59THENFORNL=LLT072;PRI^^.CKR$( 10 ) ; : N EXTN L: PR IHTI4,nn:LL»3
AS=tlM:F0RKK
760
750 GOTQ790
S$(I)CHR$(
7^0 IFS$CU<>'r|SHFT * ] "THENPRINW ,CHRS( 15) "[ 5 SPACES]1'
730
72^ A$=A$+11[SPACE]":NEXTI:a$=A$+"[CTRL 0] " : PRIN W , CURS
=<F THEN670 710 OPEKif4:A$="":FORl=lTOIKTC(40-LEM{T$))/2)
70 PRINTirENDlNG"R$:INPUTAS:M = VALCAS):IFM<0 OR
690 GOSUB820:F*VAL(A$):IFF<0 OR F>NGOTO670
TO710
680 PRIKT"ENTIRE FILE?" : GOSU B63tf: I FAS = M Y"THENF=0: M = N: GO
Y"THE-:NA(J
670 PRIKT"[SHFT CLR]LCTRL 9]E3ARD COPY " :GOSU B660; I FA $<>"
GOSUB63tf:
660 PRINT"[CRSR
PRINT" [«OME i "TAB (30); I :KETURN
RETURN
630 64(3
656)
I=
62 0
DN][CTRL 9]ARfc: YOU SURE?
1FSS(J}>S$CJ+1)THENTP5=S$(J):SS(J)=S$(J+1):S$(J+1)=
610 J-J+1:GOTO590
60
590 IFJ=NN-ITHEN620
570 1-0
KEXTI:IFK«LTHIiN570
550
]"THENK-1:NN=I-1:I=KK
520 PRINT"[CRSR DN][CRSR DN ] ALPHABETIZE " ; : COSUB820 ;U = VAL(AS):IFU<flf OR U>NTNENGOTO80 530 IFMIDS(S$(tn ,1,1> = "[CTRL 9]"THENU=U+1
SS(1)=SSCI+1 NEXT:S$(N)="[SHFT
500 510
480 IFJ<(IORJ>NTHENPRINT"ICRSR UP][CRSR UP]ir:GOTO4?0
460 OPEN1,I,0:J=l:GOTO930 470 PEINT"[CRSR DN][CRSR DN ]KILL"R5:INPUTAS:J=VAL<AS):G OSUB2 70: IFAO0THEN90
THEN40 450 OPEN2,8f2ttl0:"+N$ + 1l 9 30
Listing 2 continued.
CLRJDISC
A$O""THENC=ASC(A$)
9 11SHKT
FILE
DISCfCRSR
LISTING?
DNJ"
[CRSR
1 170 GOTO1A0
ll+RIGUT$(SS(J)iLEN(SS(J))-l)
9]
L=L-LjRETURN IFLEFTSfSS(J), l)-'r[ LEFT
1155 1161?
ARROW j "THENS$(J ) = "[ CT RL
V-Y-l :FORI=^TOC:C$< I, ?^( L) )=+l [ SHKT *] " : NEXTI: FORI = LTOY:P%(I)-PZ(l+l):NEXTI
K]"TIEF.NPRINTD5 1150
140 D$«"":COTO1010
130 IFRK;HTS(DS,1)="[ SIIKT
C5=CS+B$:CET#lTIiS:IFBS<>"irTHEN1120
110 CS=11"
1090 CET/H ,IJ$:IF BSoCHK$( 3A )THEHD*-D$ + B$:GOTO1090 100 GETS I,B$:IFB$=CHR$(32}THEN1I00
IF
GETll,AS,B$
GETffl,A$,B$
GET* I ,A$,B$
PRINT"(CTRL
DS=DS+"lCTRL 9]"+MID${STRS(C),2)+"[CTHL 0]" 1070 GET#1 , lit: I FSTO0TII ENCLOSE 1 : PR INT; RETURN 1^S0 IF B$OCHK$(34)THIvNI070
120
9
F
9 ] WARNING :": PR1NT"FIL
DN][CTRL
NOT
E CAKE FROM VIC WITH LARGER MEMORYil:K=N FORI-0 TO K:IKPUT#J,SStD-!GOSUB650;MEXT:CLOSEJ;GOTO
]FOUND "T$:TNPUT#J,K IFK>NTHFNPRINTT"ICRSR UN ] [ CTRL
X ] "THENPRINTNS"
: FORI =
TS=NS:TS = LEFTSCTS,LE^CTS)-2>:PRINTI1{CRSR
IFRIGHTS(NS,2)O'rISPACKJ[SHFT
INPLJT^J.N?
]1t:GOSUB6 30:lFASO"Y"THEN'RErifRN 980 PRINT"[SHFT CLR][CTRL 91SCANNING 99tf 0PEN1,8,0,"50"
960
935
900 NEXTI:K=K+1 910 PRINTirJ,TS+"[SPACEHSHFT X]1';
:I=N:GOTO850
*]NTHENKK=1:I=0:GOT
FORI-NTOSSSTEP-lst-l:IFS$(I)<>"[SHFT
NEXTE:RETURN
850 KEXTT:RETURN 860 FORI=J + 1TON:IFSS(I)="[SHFT *]"T 370 KK=I
FORI=NTO0STEP-1:IPS$(I><>"[SHFT 0850
830
K ]" :NEXTJ : RETURN
PRINT"STARTING"RS:INPUTA$:RETURN
820
FORJ-(iTON:S5(J) = "lSHFT
MEXTI:CLOSK4:GOTO40
Circle *7 on ReaOor Service card.
Micro Spec SOFTWARE MEANS
BUSINESS FOR THE
COMMODORE 64
When it's time to get serious, it's time to boot up MicroSpec business software. Our complete line of business software is made to give you some real applications for your Commodore 64. From data base management to full accounting software, we have the package for you,
It's attention to detail that makes our packages so beautiful and makes them stand out from the rest. We realize that most people are first time users, so we designed all our packages to be completely menu driven and user prompt
ed for each input. We also know thai most
people
use only one
designed
all
our
disk
packages
drive, so we
to
virtually
eliminate disk swapping. Other features like non destructive input routines really make
our software easy to use. But all this doesn't restrict you. Pure random access file struc ture maximizes your disk capacity and allows you to bring up any record for viewing
m
m
cn
r^
m
cn
—I
on
TJ
ED CO m
a
jc
on • '•
m
m
Fi•xed m
33
—■ m
3D m
39
cn n
m
31
cn
m
31
31
31
cn m
CO
a
f
X
cn
cn
cn
31
3*
^=
m
m
m
>■
31
-i
m cn
m
a)
CD
cn
m
IVI
31
En
=-
in less than a second. In our efforts to put together die best pack ages available, we worked on more than the software. We took the same approach with the documentation as the software. We made it com plete and easily understood for the first time user.
We even provide sample reports in many cases.
The Demonstration Package, which shows how
each program runs, is available for $19.95. So, if
you're serious about your 64, call or write for a
complete brochure or go right down to your nearest computer retailer for a demonstration.
WHEN YOU AND YOUR 64 ARE READY TO GET DOWN TO BUSINESS GIVE US A CALL
P.O. BOX 863085 • PLANO, TX 75086 (214)867-1333 RUN February 1084 / 55
Draw a Bead on the
Sure-Shootin' Gallery
Step right up and test your aim in this modern version of the old-time carnival shooting
gallery. Twenty-five shots for a quarter.
By Joe Rocke
This game stems from memories of
important in those days, for no one
the good old days, when you'd find a
could hear anything over the hawker's
"shootin'
call to buy snake oil or "genuine" dia monds made of the very best leaded glass. So sit back and grab a Cracker
amusement
gallery"
park,
at
nearly
every
circus or traveling
sideshow. Ah! Those traveling carnivals
bring back fond memories of talking dogs and dancing frogs; of plenty of 5-cenl ice cream cones (the homemade
Jack while we take a tour of the VIC
kind), balloons, and here and there a
modules so that il can run on an uncx-
few baboons, some of whom lived in the town. Pretty girls aside, the real at traction for the local lads was the shooting gallery. "Show the li'l gal how you can shoot, boys," the barker would
Gallery.
The
program is divided
into
two
panded VIC. The data module (Listing 1) Pokes the custom graphics data to
coax.
Of course, only the carnics knew that
the powder charge in the cartridges would barely carry the bullets to the target. For added insurance, the targets were weighted so il would take a cannon (o blow (hem over.
When a camie managed to make a side bet with one of the locals, the carnie's
rifle
was
loaded
with
special
ammo. After closing hours and a round of cards, the winnings would be split with the gallery manager. Those were
the good old days, when you learned the
tricks of the trade through first-hand experience! The VIC Gallery
But those days are gone, and games of chance have now become comput erized. Like their predecessors, some of RUN It Kin"I Uncxpanded V1C-20
these have been rigged, too. In che VIC Gallery, you have dual laser cannons insicad of the .22 rifle of the past. Action is controlled by a single trigger, which in
Address author correspondence to Joe W. Rocke, 224 W. Benson St., Ridgecrest, CA 93555.
this case is the joystick button or the keyboard space bar.
Color was an important feature of the early carnival games, so this one also makes use of color. Sound was not
56 / RUN February 1984
memory, sets memory protect and pro
vides the autoload instructions. The foregoing operations arc per formed in lines 10 through 40. Line 50 invokes
an
autoload
operation
that
loads the game module when the data module is run. The remaining lines con tain the data that provides the custom
graphics and the display screen. You must use the shift key when typing in
■
-*
{*
:::
■; ;•
"■ -1
■ —J— —L —
■-
:: '::
* -
■
■tim'eJ
ATARI 5200 n
mm
a i
TI99/4A
■ 3 1
r^
a - -- - a- ■
ATARI 400/800/600XL Mph,
■I
■■■'*J1
m
f:
■p
!
■Ml
■cl INTELLIVISION
COMMODORE VIC 20
ATARI 2600
» .. 1.1BM) 111 1!
m
a
•
1 [
■
L Biaarj
\
- y '-]
mK .",!■.['■■■'■''■■':■.
■■■■■i nil .ji
. iriMitJ
COMMODORE 64
COLECOVISION
CAN PLAT FROGGER AT TOUR PAD.
FROGGER is one of the all-time great award-winning home video
^ames. And now Parker Brothers has programmed it into / all the most popular video and computer formats so you can
keep things Hopping in your own home. Catch Frogger along with POPEYE* Q*berC TUIMKHAM'" and SUPER
C OBRA where you buy your video and com- SR4RKER
puter games. You'll find it absolutely ribbitting.BROTS >s j tradf ru.uk .,r i C*Ko Inituuriei, Inc. c IWti I'jilwt HrMbcr.. H.-«-.lT. Mrt 111915..ImclliviiiDn m o tialfenMrii ol Mutd, Int. Commodurr V!C 211 and Commodnic 61
•n utdvmarlu «f LomnHdwc (Jusiiwu Mathim-i, Itie. Icms Imnunvno fW'-1A It i Iridcmark of Tram Innlruntmlj. Int. Marl.' Alsri Viiltn Comnwpr Symoni.' Auri HHJ^W W»)tl. iinii AIM 5200 Video d.imc Syilooi ««• tradtma.ls i>( Ann. Inc. *TM demgmatei > torimMikof Sc«s blcrpiun, Inc. » 1983 SiilB linliTpriwi. Inc.
the graphics symbols in lines 160-180. These will appear as lowercase charac
Listing 1. VIC Gallery program for the ttnexpanded V1C-20. 1 2
REM REM
ters in the display screen.
VIC GALLERY DATA MODULE
3
RKM
4
HEM
CUSTOM GRAPHICS
r> 6 7 8
HI=H RKM RKM REM
NY JOE ROCKE
No, the periods you see in the Data statements of the listing are not mis
FOR
takes. The period is used in place of zero (0), as this helps speed up the game a
bit. You see, the VIC has a few camie type tricks of its own!
10 POKE51,|&:POKE52,28:POKE55,0:POKE56,28:CLR:GOSUIUrJ01
The data module listing is displaced when the game module autoloads. The
30 SYS256
displacement frees the memory space
20 FORM=256TQ274iREADDiPOKEM,iD:A-A+D:NEXT
40 F0RH-7432T07551:READD:A-A+D:P0KEM,D:NEXT 45
IFAOI2326THENPRINT"[CTRL D
9]
KRROR
IN
YOUR
formerly occupied by the data module DATA
":EN
^0 POKE1981'i:POKE631 ,78tPQKE632.69:POKE633,87;PQKE634, I 3;POKE635, 131:KND
listing. As the data is in a protected
memory area, it is not lost when the game module is loaded and run.
60 DATA 162,.,189,.,12B,157,.,28,189,.,129,157,.,29,232
The Game Module
70 DATA 16,24,20,26,21,251,245,255
The game module provides the head er and playing screens, the action and sound. Lines 10-30 reset the VIC point ers, define the major variables and pro vide the Pokes to access the custom graphics. Line 40 then overlays the
,2)18,241 ,96,.
5
.,.,.,255,255,25
80 DATA a,24,40,88,168,216,175,255,126,102,90,90,90,90,
1$2,126
90 DATA 90,60,90, 126, 102,36,6)1,24, 160, 160, 128,128, 160,1 79,128,255
\H
DATA
5,5, I ,1,5,205,1,255,255,128,179,160. I2H.128, 16
0, 160 110 DATA 255,1,2^)5,1,1,1,5,5,1,2,. ,8,16,. ,64,128 120 DATA
n0 DATA 140 DATA
128,64,.,16,8,.;2,1,40,129,36,18,64,10,64,17
IV.l, 51 , lf)2, 204, 153, 51 , ! 02 , 2f)4 , 90 , . ,60, 90, '10, 6f>
9t)
102,66,24,66,66,24,66,1(12
150 POKE36869,242:POKE36879,125:PRINT"(SHFT CI.R][CRSH S']"SPC(2)"[CTRL 3][CTRL 9 ] | 1 H SPACES ][ CTRL 0!" 160
1)
170
PRJNTSPC(2)"[CTRL 9| SHOOTING GALLERY |CTRL 0)":1'R1 NTSPC(2)"[CTRL 9||18 SPACES][CTRL 0 ] " PRIKT"[CSSR DN]"SPC(3>"[CTRL 2 1 BY: [SHFT J]OE [SHKT
180
H] . [SHFT PRINT"[CRSR
190
PRIPfT"lCRSR DN]"SPC(2)"[SKFT P]ROGRAM SHFT L]OADS[CRSR UP 11 CTRL 8|":RETIJRN
REM REM
3
REM
4
REM
5
REM
6
REM
20
30 40
50
DN]"SPC(5)"[CTRL
A"
1 2
10
R]OCKK" DNIICRSR
]]LOADINC
[SHFT A|UTO
POKE51 , . :I'OKK52,28:1)OKL55,. ; POKE56 , 28 : POKF.36879 ,15: P RIt)T"| SHFT CLR]" TS = 700:SII = 500:R=28:T=10100:DEF FNS{A)=(TS+Hl+SH-(5»R ) ):(.:OTO4 10
l'OKK36869,255:POKE36874,12a:POKE36879,110:C=30720:TX =7911:A
FORN = 7966
PRINT"[HOMK)[tn'RL
2]
SHOOTING
GALLERY":PRINT"|CRSR
DN]"iNj
65
FORN = lTO5:PRItJT:.'JEXT
80 !'RINT"[CRSR DN][CRSR 11*1*
CRSR
DN
DN]|CTRL 8 | [ SPACK ]TINE[ 4
]SCORK[2 SPACES 1SIICTS" COSUB550:IFKBGOTO120
SPACES
IFP=32GOTO120
llij ll=V:GOTO280
120 SH=SH-2!POKE36878,15iS-FNS(.)sIFSH<.G0TO38p 130
FORN=1TOS:POKE(8077-(NS21)),42:POKE(8()96-(N*23)),43 :P0KE36876,{ 16'fl) + 127
zero.
This is a good place to point some thing out. A PRINT FRE{0) will show
about 500 bytes of free memory. Great! That must leave lots of room for more flashing lights of the old-time carnival. Sorry, my friend, that is a non-truth. (Old-time camie managers never told lies, only non-truths.) When
the
program
is
run,
many
strings and variables are created, and the VIC has to have work room to do its
Lines 50-80 set up the game screen header and title blocks used in the
game. Line 90 then sends control to a subroutine to check for the joystick fire button.
Lines 100-210 do a multitude of tasks. They check the keyboard and
joystick, and they control the lasers, the sound and the branches to various sub routines. keyboard and joystick, replace targets and divide the strings into the correct number of targets—in case any are ac tually hit.
Lines 290-300 check the various strings, the time, the number of shots and the difficulty level. Targets are also
replaced if you miss or shoot at a blank space. The display of targets, time, score and remaining shots is controlled in this group oflines.
58 / BUN February 1984
prepro
Lines 220-280 continue to check the
PRINT"|CTRL 8][SPACE ] !";:FORN=1T018:PR1NTCHR$(34); :N EXT:PRINT"#"
the
tected memory. A program such as this requires about 500+ bytes of free work space for the VIC to do its thing.
ROCKE
+C,4:NEXT
with
end of the Basic program and the pro
BY JOE
characters
grammed graphics. Note that a period has been used in line 10 in place of a
chores. The work area lies between the
PRINT"[ 5 CRSR DNS ) "SI'C(9) "([ SPACE ][ SPACE ])[ 3 S|"SPC( 18) "S[SPACE] [SPACE]
90
|
VIC GALLERY GAME MODULE
6(f
70
DAT
RAM
Circle 212 on Fluador Service card
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Lines 310-400 are used to present your sharpshooter rewards and to find out if you wish to play again. Here
Listing I continued. 14
15(
NEXTiP0KE36876,128:FOKN=1TO8
POKE(8077-(N*21)) , 32 : POKE( 8f)96-(N*23 )) , 32 ;NEXT : POKE 36878,,:GOTOI80
lowercase. Lines 410-490 look a heck of a lot like the beginning of (lie game, which is what they are. Quite often a program
POKF.3687 8, 1 5 : POKE36S74 , , ;
POKE36876,M:NEXTiNEXT
POKE36876,128:GOTO90 190 210
220
P-PEEK<TX):IFP-32GQTO240 IFP=36(DRP=37GOTO65(I
mer will write the startup routine after
IFP-A60RP-47GOTQ65P
the main part of the game is complete.
B$=LEFT{(A$,14):C$=CHK$(32) C$+DS:R=R-1
225
D$=RIGHT$(A$,15):A$=B$+
IFR-.ORR"-1GOT036(1
270 R=28:S=FNS(.):COTO160 280 BS = RIGHTS(AS,28): P0KE36874, !28 : POKK36874,135:P0KE36 878, .:DS = LKFTS(A$,2)
290 A$ = B$ + l>Ss PRINT" | HOME ]": FOR N = 1TO<J: PR I NT;NEXT : PRINTA$
3H S=FfJS( .) :SS="[ SPACE ]": I FS< ]0p(»TH ENSS-SS + "! SPACE |"
3 50
36$
365
PRINTSPCf176)"[CTRL
6|";T;SS;S;"[SPACE]";SH"[CTRL
IFU>0GOTO280 GOSini4tf)f):PRTNT"[CRSR DN][CRSR DN][CRSR DN][CTRL l|" SPC(4)"| SHFT T]IM1- [SHFT R]AN OUT ! ! " : PR INT" [ CRSR I) DN I
[SHFT
Y]OUR
PKlNTFNSf.):PRINT"[CHSR JNOTHEH
[SHFT
DN||CKSR
SHFT
W | AS";
RtNT"[CKSK
39*
410
)IN
A
DN)[CRSK
[SHFT TjF.DDY
ON'|| CTRL
[SHFT
DN)[CTRI.
W|AS";
5 J [ SHI" I
A
[SHFT B ]ONUS= KJ^11; P
3]
(SHFT Y |()U
!i 1 KAR" r E= 1 : COTO56^
[SHFT W
GOSUB400:PR1KT"[CRSR DtJ|[CRSR DN][CRSR DN|(CTRL 1]" SPC(4)"tJUT OF [SHFT S [HOTS ! ! ": PR INT"[ CRSR DN][CRSR DN ] [SHFT Y]OUR [SHFT S|CORE [SHFT W]AS"; PRINTFNSC . ):PRINT"[CRSR DN]|CTRL 5][SHFT ANOTHER [ SHFT QIUARTER [SHFT PJLEASK":E=.:GOTO560 POKE36869,24 2:POKE36879, I 2 2 : PRINT" [ SHFT CI.R 1" : RETtIR N
POKi:36869,242:PKINT"[SIIFT CLR|[CRSK
DN]|CRSR
DN||CT
RL fi || SPACE j ( SPACI; ] j CTRL (J)[18 SPACKS ] [ CTRL <b]":l'K INT"[SPACi:)( SPACE][CTRL
SPACE KCTRL 0]"
420 PRINT'M SPACE][SPACi;)|CTRL
43p
[SHFT
[SHFT QIUARTI-.R [S1IKT P)LEaSH":E=.:GOTO5(>0 NS(. )+10W:PRI»T"[CRSR DN [CRSR DN][CRS R DN |( CTRL 1 |"SPC(4)''[SHFT G]OO[SHFT D] [SHFT S]HO OTIN!!" PRINT"[CRSR DN][CRSR DN) |SHFT Y ]OUR |SHFT S]CORE [
PRINTS:PR I NT"[CRSR DN 11 CTRL 5] 380
SJCORE
9 )[ SPACE [SHOOTING
GALLERY!
9][18 SPACES 1 [ CTRL fl][CRS SPACESJBY: [SHFT J]OE [SHF
R DN ) :PRIKT"[CTRL 4)|3 III], [SHFT RJOCKE" PRINT" CRSK DN ][CRSR DN][CTRL SilFT DIIFFICIILTYI CRSR LECT FT F.]ASY - 6 [SHFT II |ARD"
5
SPACES] [SHFT
S | E
':PRINTSPC(4)"1
| SU
3
PRINT"|CRSR DN][CTRL 8][ SPACE][SPACE)[SPACE]":V:PRI NT"[CRSR DN[[CRSK DN][CTRL 2][SHFT PJRESS [SHFT A)
[SilFT
N][SHFT
Y ]" [SHFT K ] EY TO
470 GOSUBri50: IFFBGOTO5 10 480 C;OSUI1{)6(P 4')0 iFP=:i2(;t)pror)i0 500 <;KTA$:IFA$ = (i"GOTO470
[SHFT S]TART"
520
530
N$ = "[CTRL
Rl,
4 |
6]
5]%%/[CTRL
—[CTRL
| CTRL
Lines 510-540 set the initial strings of programmed targets. Line 550 checks the keyboard and fire button of the joy stick. This is used many, many limes as
a subroutine. Lines 560-640 arc response loops, to find out if you wish to play or quit, and to make sure the high score is recorded
for those who outwit the "manager." These tines will also return to the dif ficulty level, so you can pick a new level
if so inclined. Part of the "rigging" is that I fooled around with the laser trigger so that a bunch of targets will pass by before the trigger responds to your input. Thus, the response will no longer be hair trig ger, as it is in the Level 1 mode.
Line 650 reveals a seldom-used trick. The VIC manual states that you have your choice of eight colors that can be Poked to the color screen. What hap
pened to the ones from 9 to 255? All single addresses from 0 to 255 can be Poked. If you look closely at the display when a target is hit, you'll see it appear
to explode in many colors. While it's not the intent of this article to gel in that tine 650 Pokes color 22 to the color screen. If you wish to experiment, you can try numbers within the range of 0 to 255 for different results.
Lines 660-670 provide the subroutine
[CTRL 5].[CTRL 4|SI.|CTRL 8|$S.[CTHI. 6]SS L 1] S.$.| CTRL 5]$S.[CTKI. 6]SS.[CTRL 2]SS" FS=" [CTRL 5]/[CTRL 4]%S/[CTRL 8|%%/[CTRL 6)%%
1]%%/[CTRL
setting up the header screen.
that Pokes the colors to the header
510 AS = " L
one way to find out if the remaining
volved with bits of a byte, you'll find
0 GETAS:COSint660 450 V = VAL< AS): IFV<10RV>f-TIIEN440
460
fast as if the startup routine were the first line of the program, so its actual lo cation is not all that important. Insert ing the routine later in the program is memory will allow you io be fancy in
2
1" U=U-1:1FU=.GOTO90
N|[C:RSR
panded VIC, this will most likely be a subroutine tacked into an open spot in A GOTO command will work just as
260 AS=FS:A=1
32$ 33?)
In developing a program for the unex-
the program.
IFA=.(i()TO260
310
again, you must use the shift key lo type in the messages, as they are displayed in
5]
5] —[CTRL
6]Z%/[CTRL [CTRL
6]—
41
[CTRL
2\1V
[CTRL
5]"
8]
[CTR [CTR [CT
screen SHOOTING GALLERY ban ner. When you run the program, you'll note that t!ie colors move in opposite di rections for each word of the banner. The left-to-right color movement in the word GALLERY is performed by line 670. This is done by using a reverse counting loop, incrementing the count
60 / RUN February 1UX4
Circle IB on Rvailoi Service c»rd
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RUN February 1U84 / 61
will be garbage. Try typing the period,
Living 1 continued.
$, °1q and '-' keys; you should see cus tom characters. These keys are used in lines 510-530 of the game module to pro vide the targets. To recover control, type
PRINT"[SHFT CLR]"iE$=AS: COTO3$
550 POKE3713 7,62:FB=-((PEEK(
37137) AND32) = .):P = Pi-KK( 197)
:RETURN
56(1 570
580
590
PRINT"[CRSR
DfJ][CRSH
DN ] [CRSff DN
TKL 9][SHFT T]RV [SHFT G1-;TAS:1FAS = ""THI-:N57(J
A 1CAIS
[CTRL 2]"SPC(4)"[C SHFT
C
Y]/ISHFT
POKE 36869, 240. You will have to type
N})"
this "blind," as only programmed keys
IFA$-"Y"G0T062lj
provide legible characters.
IFA$«"N"GOT06l(l
600 61ffl
GOTO57$
620
IFE=1THKNHI=S-1P^5)
640
POKE36879, 15:fiOTO2(l
After both modules have been de
POKE36869,2ifJ:POKE36879, 27:PRIN'
'[SHFT
bugged, the normal loading procedure
CLR]":KND
will be as follows. Load and run the
63$ IFE-.THENHI-. 650
66ffl
6 7J)
Data module. Leave the Datassette play
I-OBN- 1 T02ffl : POK KTX , 44 : POK FT
44
-l+C,22:NEXT:GOTO21f)
key depressed. The Data module will
POKETX+C,22:POKETX
automatically load and run the Game module. The header screen will auto
F0RN-38«69T038'176!POKEN, :nt<7#rnd(i)+i )sNExt
matically appear when the loading op eration is completed.
f''OKN = 3H4B4T()384 78STF.P-1 : I'OKEN, IN '(7*RM)( 1 ) + l JiNEXTs
RETURN
by STEP -I.
The Sucker Bel
down to recover control.
Step right up and hit the bull's eye,
There is no easy way to check a typo
Loading Hie Program
pardner! Who needs instructions to pull
in the data module until you run the
the trigger? Rather, press the space bar
Of course you're eager to run the
program. If you tio wish to check it
program after typing il in, bin be sure to
first, make line 50 a REM line to lock
save each module to lape before run
out the autoload feature. Then run the
ning it. Then, if you have a typo in the
listing. If there is no indication of a data
listing that would cau.se the program to
error, type POKE 36869,255 from the
may be only one!
crash, your initial efforts will not be
Command mode (i.e., no line number).
lost. All too often a typo locks up the
This will switch the VIC to the graph ics mode, and messages on the screen
Shooting at a blank space wiil replace all the targets, and the score will go down. If you try a double shot at the
keyboard, making it necessary to power
or firebutton. But don't fall for a sucker bet as to your marksmanship! The tar gets are rigged, and what looks like two
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62 / RUN February 1984
The target you see
might not really be there! same target, it is no longer there, so you are really shooting at a blank space. But
it's not fair to keep you good VIC gamesters in the dark as to the rigging, so here's a small tip: keep your eye on the right hand target!
The only target that can be hit is the one that enters the shooting grid on the very right hand side. The one lo the left appears to be a target, but is really a
space. What you see is not always what's really there! This apparent illu sion is a trick in programming, as op posed to the use of mirrors in some ar cade games.
To explain the last statement, take a close look at the games in a modem ar
cade. Mirrors are often used to create a three-dimensional effect, giving the im pression that more action is taking place than there really is.
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Peek straight down, to the left and
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Scteenmaker' and
video games.
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The VIC Timer
What about the game timer, you ask? Well, Tl$ was too slow to give the desired effect, so the time is faked. (You didn't expect a carnival-type game to be
honest, did you?) On the VIC, TI has a different value than TIS. To check this, try the following: 10 TIS - "OOOOOO" 20 PRINT Tl. TIS 30 GOTO 2fl
Or change line 30 to FOR X= 1 TO 500: NEXT: GOTO 20
Adding the delay loop slows the above test program to the point where
Screenmaker" is a video display generator module that plugs into Ihe expansion port of the Commodore 64 It provides a full BO characters on each line ot the display With Screenmaker". video displays will appear the same as printer output Twice the information is available on the screen Word Processing is easier Trial printouts are eliminated. Forms and reports can be setup faster
WORD PROCESSING WITH 80 CHAR/LINE!
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of paging controls, page size controls, footers, headers, auto page numbering, special printer feature control, graphics capability, and more1 Copy-Writer" is written in FORTH and has a large text buffer allowing over 700 (40 col] lines in memory
you begin to sec there is some relation between the two counters. The loop will add about half a second on the
Tmicrotech)
VIC, so the seconds are usually dis
played twice. This is why I faked the timer, for it has to run much faster
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rect position on the screen. The action in VIC Gallery is surpris
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A Taste of Arrays If you're
hungry to
know
what arrays are and what they can do for your programs,
here's
a
clear,
step-by-step
tutorial to chew on.
The most often asked question about arrays, after "What are they?" is "What are they/or?" At first, they may seem like just another type of vari able; but read on, and discover some of the uses of this powerful programming technique.
numbers, a numeric array is used; a array
of its size; your listing will be much easier to follow. It can also be a mem your program, DIM A(4) will dimen
With arrays you can store informa tion. When that information consists of string
It is good programming practice al
ways to dimension an array, regardless
ory-saver: although it adds a line to
Whal Is an Array?
By Sharon Zardetto Aker
less. To use higher subscripts, you must use the Dim statement first.
is
used
for
character-
string storage.
sion an array of only five elements, in stead of the automatic eleven. Any numeric variable such as A%(4), BP(8) or XL(10) can be used to name a
numeric array. Any legal string variable like A$<9) or SZ$(8) can be used for a
You can think of an array as a row of
empty boxes, each able to hold any number or string you want to put into it. Each box has a name, made up of the variable that names the whole row, plus a number that indicates the box's posi
string array. It is sometimes confusing, and often inconvenient, that the Commodore iden
tifies the first element of an array as "0." Keep in mind that "DIM A(5)" gives you six elements, A(0) through
tion in the row. If you have a row of five
A(5), not five elements, A(l) through
boxes, they might be called:
A(5).
A(0) A(l) A(2) A(3) A<4)
The number in parentheses is called a
Filling an Array
subscript; A{1) is pronounced "A subone." Dimensioning an array means telling the computer to set aside a block of memory cells to store information. That information might be given within the program itself, or it might
be input
while the program is running. To dimension an array, use the Dim
Address author correspondence to Sharon Zardetto Aker, 20 Court land Drive. Sussex, NJ 07461.
64 / RUN February 1084
other variable: A(2)=I7:A(4) = 8 or
=I TO 3:READ A(X):NEXT
DATA 5,17,83
The subscripted variable that stands for a cell in an array can be used like any
or elements, the first being A(0), (he
other
last A(20).
A(l)+I,
The computer automatically dimen
Commodore 64
value just as you'd assign a value to any
computer to set aside 21 memory cells,
statement: DIM A(20). This tells the
RUN II Right
To fill one of the "boxes" in an array when writing a program, you assign it a
variable.
For
instance,
A{3)
and
A(l) = PRINT
A(4)*16 arc all valid commands. To fill a box during the running of a
sions an array of eleven elements ifâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;without employing the Dim state mentâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;you use a subscripted variable
program, all you have to do is use the
within a program. For example, if you
command, like this: INPUT A(4) or IN
use 30 A(4)= 17, the computer will di
PUT B(6).
mension an array named A, with the
name of the element with the Input
Try this short program:
eleven elements A(0) through A(10). This automatic dimensioning occurs,
20 A(0) = 15:A(1) = 27:A<2) = 32
however, only if your subscript is ten or
30 !;ORN=0TO2:PRlNTA(N): Nl-XT
10 DIM A(2)
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Line 10 dimensions a three-clement array. Line 20 fills the elements. Line 30 sets up a loop so that the first time,
A(N) is A(0), the second time it is A(l), and finally it is A(2). The foregoing program demonstrates one reason arrays arc used so much—
for easy retrieval of information. If you had started with A- 15:B = 27:C = 32, you could no! easily write a loop that
would print out the values of those variables. As soon as a numeric array is dimen sioned, by the way, (he computer fills it with zeros, so an element is never really empty. The cells of a just-dimensioned string array contain empty strings. Now try the program in Listing 1,
which allows you to input the values for the array. Applying Arrays You Fig. I. A stack-of-boxes analogy for a two-dimensional array
may be
number
familiar
guessing
with
games,
simple
where
the
computer generates a random number that you must guess. Listing 2 is a nofrills version of (hat game: you have 20 tries to find the number, which is be tween one and fifty.
LjS
DIM
A(5)
20
KOH
N=H TO
PROT"WHAT
25 30
INPUT A(N): NEXT
15
35
5 DO
YOU
WANT
IN
N FOR N=0 TO 5 PRINT"BOX"N "CONTAINS"A(N)
Listing I. .4 program for inserting values into
l)OX"N
An array is a perfect way of keeping [rack of which numbers you've already guessed. Listing 3 is the same guessing game with two extra features—a dupli cation checker and a re-cap of wrong
a/; (/my.
answers at the end of a losing game. This improved guessing game begins with the dimensioning of a 20-eleinent array, one for each guess. The For-Next loop still allows for 20 turns, but T has
been changed to correspond to the 10 N=INT(RND(0)»50)+1 20 FOR T-l TO 20 30 INPUT"WHAT'S YOUR GUESS";G
40 EF C=N TURN PRINT"YOU WIN!":I!ND 50 NEXTT 60 PRJNT"VOU LOSE. THE NUMBER WAS"N:END
subscripts
of
the
array
elements.
(Remember, they are numbered zero through 19.) Each guess (G) is placed into an ele
ment of the array at line 80. Lines 50-70 check your current guess against the answers already stored in the array. By
Listing 2. A no-frills version of the number-guessing game.
using FOR CK = 0 TO T in this loop, you avoid wasting time checking a lot of empty cells.
10 DIM
If G, the current guess, does not match the number siored in a cell, the
A( I'))
next cell is checked. If a match is found,
2<b 30
N = INT(RND( FOR T=0TO19
50 60
FOR CK=0TOT IFG=A(CK)THEN
40
the player is told to try again. If no
INFUT"WHAT'S
YOUR GUF.SS"jG PRINT"YOU
TRIED THAT ALREADY": GOl'04^
70 1I'(;OA(CK)THEN NEXT CK 80 LETA(T)-G 90 IFG = NTIIENPRINT"YOU WIN":GOTO120 100 NEXTT LOSE.
THE
NUMBER WAS"N
match is found, G is placed in the next
available
cell,
and
the
loop
begins
again. Line 120 prints out all the num bers stored in the array. Another Dimension
The "row of boxes" is a onc-dimensional array—all the boxes lined up
110
PRINT"YOU
130
FORX=0TOI9:PRINTA(X),:NEXTX:END
in a single row. If you had a few rows of boxes stacked on top of each other,
Listing 3. The number-guessing game with added features.
you'd
120 PRINT"YOUR GUESSES WERE:":PRINT
have a two-dimensional array.
(See Fig. 1.)
/ RUN February ")84
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Circle 330 on RoadBr Sorvlco card.
10
DIMA( =5,3)
20
FORPL=1T05: FORPD= 1T03
30
READ
ACPL.P
40
To tell the computer to save 12 cells like the boxes in the illustration, use the command DIM B(2,3). The computer
n)
N'EXTPD:NEXTPI. 50 DATA/,2,2,5 .2 ,0,7 ,9,2, $,<$, 2, 5, 7,12 1/0 PfilNT"[ SlIFT CI.R J If 1 10 I'KINT,"1ST 1 "2ND ",'".iRU"
120 130
FOHI'L=1TC)5 HINT "iCRSR UN jNO."l'L, FORPD=1TO3 :P K 1 N T \(P1,,PD), :NEXTPD:NEXTPL
Listing #. Program to to the penalty statistics in a hockey game.
will then save three "rows" of four cells. The cells in the first row are des ignated B(0,0) through B(0,3). Fig. 2 shows the subscript values for the cells
in this two-dimensional array. The com puter's memory cells are not actually ar ranged like this, of course, but it is a helpful visualization. Two-dimensional arrays have many uses, from spreadsheet programs to keeping track of moves made in a game.
2»0
F(JKPL»1T05:FORI'D=1T03
210
A(l'l.,0}=A(i)L,0)tACPL, PD)
220 NEXTPDiNEXTPL 230 PRINT"| HOME HCRSR 240
250 260 270
280
290
DN ] [CRSR
Listing 4 is a program that uses a twodimensional array. Fig. 3 shows the sta DNJ"
FOBPL-ITO5:PRIHTTAB(37);A(PL,0)sWEXTPL
FORPD=1TO3;KOKPL=1TO5
ly, the penalty minutes served by each
of five players in the three periods of a
A(6!),PD)=A(S5,I)I))+A(PL, PD) NEXTPLiNEXTPD PRINT"ICRSR
tistics that the program handles, name
hockey game. You'll notice that the first line of the
UN 1",
FORPD-ITO3iPRINTA(0,P D),sNEXTPD
Listing 5. Program to sum the rows and columns in the hockey-penalty game.
program dimensions an array that is one clement longer and deeper than seems actually needed. This is so you can
ignore
the
zero
subscripts
and
match up the numbers in a more logical manner: A(l,l) is first player, first peri 10
20 30 40 50
lit
110 120 130
20) (f 210 222
230
240
DIM
od; A(2,1) is second player, first period,
A(5,3)
and so on.
FORPL»ITO5:1'(JRPD= 1TO3 RKADA(PI,,PD)
Some purists may cringe at this meth
NEXTPIhNOTPL
od and its waste of array space, but its
I)ATA0,2,2,5,2,0,7,0,2,0,»,2,5,7,12 PRINT"[S!IFT CI.R1"
sides, the program puts those zero-sub
PRINT,"1ST","2ND","3RD" FORI'L=1TO5:PRI\T"[CRSR
DN ]N0."PL,
FORPD=lT03:l'RI\TA(Pi. ,PD), : NEXTPDiNEXTPL
FORPL=1T05:FORPD=1T03 A(PL,0)=A(PI, ,»J + A(PL ,PD)
DN][CRSR
DX]"
260
FORPL=1TO5;PRI.VTTAB(37);A(PL,*)):NEXTPL FORPD=1TO3;FOHPI.= 1TO5 A(0,PD)=A(0,i'D) + A(PL,PD)
270
NF.XTI'LiNKXTPD
280
PRINT"|CRSR DN ]", [■'OKI' ])= 1 TO'l :1'R1NTA(0, I'D) , :NEXTPD
250
290
script cells to use later.) Lines 20-40 read in the data to each cell of the array. Lines 100-130 print a chan on the screen. Follow the punc tuation carefully (e.g., the commas at
KEXTP[):NEXTPL
PRIN'T"[HOME j[CRSR
clarity is worth a little cringing. (Be
Listings 4 and 5 combined.
the end of line 120 and after the second command in line 130) in order to print the chart correctly on the C-64. A Further Step
Looking at the chart printed out by the program in Listing 4 can give you another .sense of an array: a picture of
rows and columns, rather than stacks of boxes. C"cle217 on Reader Service card
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Now, what other statistics might you want from this chart? Two are obvious: total minutes for each player and total minutes per period. For the first, you need to sum each row: A(i,l) +A(l,2) + A(l,3) through A(5,1) + A(5,2) + A(5,3). For the per period statistics, we need the sum of each column:
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need
variables to store
these eight sums. Although you could set
up
a
single-dimension
array to
hold them, it so happens you have
some empty cells available. They'll be 0,1
0,2
0,3
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
2,0
2,1
2,2
2,3
0,0
used as follows: A(O.l)=lst period totals
A(0,2) = 2nd period totals A(O,3) = 3rd period totals
Kg. 2. Subscript values for the two-dimensional array B(2,3).
A(l,0) = 1st player's total
A(2,0) = 2nd player's total
and so on. Add
Listing 5
to
your program.
loops to sum the rows in the chart and store the answers in A(l,0) through A(5,0). Lines 230 and 240 print the re sults on the screen. Lines 250-290 sum
the columns,
store the answers in
A(0,l) through A(0,3) and print them
Period 3
Period 1
Period 2
Player 1
0
2
2
Player 2
5
2
0
Player 3
7
0
2
Player 4
0
0
2
7
12
Lines 200-220 use nested For-Next
5
Player 5
on the screen.
Fig. 3. Hockey game penalty statistics.
There is one other statistic you might wan! from this program: the to
tal penally minutes in the game. You may have realized that one array ele ment is still empty: A(0,0). You can use it to store the column totals (row
totals will work just as well). Add
300
1-<
310
PKINT"[CRSR UP]" TAB( 37 ) ; A( 0,
Listing 6 to your program and run it
Listing 6. Program to sum and store the total penalty minutes in the
again.
hockey game.
String Array Applications String arrays are often used in ques
tion/answer games. For simplicity, two single-dimension arrays can be used so thai A$(l) is the answer that
goes wilh A$(l). Another use of string arrays is for alphabetical sorting. A third use is for record-keeping and
10
DIMA(5,3)
20
forpl=1to5:forpd=1to3
30
ri;ada(PL,pd)
40
nextpd:nextpl
50
DATA8,2,2, 5,2,0,7,0,2,0,0,2, 5,7,12
100 PRIKT"[SHFT CLR]"
record-searching.
110 120
PRINT,"1ST","2ND","3RD" F0RPL=IT05:PRINT"[CRSR DN]NO."PL,
200 210
K()RPL=1T05:FOKPD=1T03 A(PL,0)=A(PL,0)+A(PL,PD)
220
BEXTPD:NEXTPL
240
KORPL=1T05:PRINTTAB(37>; A( PL ,19) :NKXTPL
130
The program in Listing 7 demon strates this use: a private club has a
computer-controlled door that will open only if ihe right name is given. The program works in much the same
K)RPD=lT03:PRINTA<PLfPD), :NEXTPD:NEXTPL
230 PR1NT"[HOME]|CRSR
way as the subroutine in the number-
guessing game; it compares the name given to the name stored in each ele ment of the array.
DN]"
2'50
FORPD=1T03:FORPL«1T05
260
A(0,PD)=A(0,PD)+A(PL,PD)
270
NEXTPLsNEXTPD
290
I'ORPD=1TO3:PR1NTA(0,PD), :Nf-lXTPD
300 31«
FORPD=1TO3:A(0,0)=A(0,0)+A(0,PD; PRINT"[CRSR UP]" TAB(37);A(0,0)
280
Multi-Dimensioning
DK|[CRSR
PRINT"[CRSR
String arrays are not limited to one
DN | ",
Listings 4, 5 and 6 combined.
dimension, nor are numeric arrays lim ited to iwo dimensions. Three, four, five or more dimensions are possible.
What can you do wilh them? Well, you might wish, for instance, to
keep track of the hockey players' penal ty minutes per period, per game and per season. In that case, you'd want a three-
10
DIM
AS('))
15
FOR
N=0TO9:REA1)AS(N):NEXT
28 PRIKT"WHAT 25
INPUTBS
31/
FOR
pages thai are filled with rows and col
40
KEXTN
umns of numbers. Although there are limits to dimen
30
DATA
dimensional array, and you can visual ize the
third
dimension
(seasons) as
sioning on the Commodore—even with its large memory space—it's unlikely that you'll quickly strain ils capacity. SI
35
45
IS YOUR NAME?"
N = 0TOg
IFH$=A$(N)T1IEN
PRINT"COHE
IH":BND
PRINT"GO AWAY":EN'D
NICHOLAS,DAN,GLORIA,TOM,JACKIE,TONY,MARCY.DANA,
AL,NATHANIEL
Listing 7. Program illustrating one use of string arrays.
RUN February 1384 / fi9
Fancy Fingering On the Function Keys
If you've been wanting a way to define the VIC-20 function keys to your own needs, here's
edly wondered about the function keys. You may have
a program that lets you do it with ease.
found that nothing happened.
By John Tan/ini
When you first purchased your VIC-20, you undoubt been disappointed the first time you pressed one and I can remember searching through the reference man ual to determine how to assign functions. I found that
the function keys are very easy to use in Basic programs, since they can be input like any other character, but I had hoped for more. I had hoped to be able to assign functions that would aid me in programmingâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; functions that would execute as if they were pan of the operating system. There is a way. If you print a predefined string to the screen every time a function key is pressed, you can execute any function with a sin gle keystroke. For example, suppose the word LIST is printed when Fl is pressed. Now press the return key, and your program will be listed. If the return key had been defined as part of
the string, then simply pressing Fl would list the program. Similarly, F2 could be made to run a program.
I find, while debugging certain programs, that 1 am constantly typing PRINT PEEK (N), where N is the number of some mem
ory location. Since cursor controls can be included in strings, I can define a string which prints PRINT PEEK ( ) and then moves the cursor back to the position just after the left parenthesis. Then all I have to do is type the number of the location that I wish to interrogate, and press the
return key. You wiO doubtless have your own idea of what functions should be assigned to the
function keys. It is a simple matter to customize my program to your own needs and define the keys any way you like.
Address author correspondence to John Tanzini,
Wynbrook
Dutch Neck 08520.
Road,
West
E,
Apt.
Windsor,
O-8,
NJ
Although part of this program is written in machine language, you need no knowledge of machine language to
use the program or to redefine the function keys. So read on and put those function keys to work for you.
Listing I. Function Keys program for the VIC-20. 0
T = PEEK(55)
110 POKE
56,
+
256*PEEK(56)
PEEK(46)+2
13$$ PRINT^'fsHFT CLR ] FUNCTION KEYS" : PRINT
2(10 DIM FS( 12))
"LIST
T1
210 220
FSd)
230
FSC2) FS(3)
. =
240
FS(4)
=
250
FS
=
"PRINT PEEK([5 SPACES])[6 CRSR LFS]
260
copy of the program before you try to
270
FS(6) FS(7)
= -
"PRINT FRE(O)"
run it.
280
FS(8)
=
290
FS(9)
=
310
FS(ll)
Using the Program
A copy of the program is shown in
Listing 1, It Is not as long as it appears,
since you do not have to type in any of the REM statements. Be sure to save a
The most likely place to make a mis
take while entering the program is in
the Data statements, which contain ihe
machine language program. For that
reason, I have included a checksum at
the end of each Dan statement. The
last number of each I 'ata statement is
the sum of all the pre ious numbers in that line.
When the Basic program loads the
machine language program, it checks the checksum in each statement. If it does not add up properly, the program assumes that one or more of the num
bers in thai line was incorrectly typed, and an error message is then printed.
The error message tells you exactly which line is incorrect, which should aid you considerably in getting the pro gram running. When you
run the program, you
should sec a list appear on the screen,
3Of)
FSC 10)
320
FS(12)
350
example, will print the word LIST. Functions F9 through F12 are obtained by pressing the Commodore key and one of the function keys. Undersianding one point about the
operation of the Basic program will help you get the program running. The first thing the program does is move the top-of-memory pointer way down to protect a block of memory where the machine language program will reside. If you have made a typing error in a Data statement, the program will detect
RUN It Right VIC-20
=
"CLOSE "GOTO
"
15"
"GOSUB
"
"RETURN" "POKE "
+ FS(I)
+ CHRS(34)
I
0
410 FOR 42»L =
I - 1 TO 12 L t I.EN(FS(I ))
435 IFXL > 231 THEN PRINT "[CTRL 9]STRINGS TOO LONG": G OTO
800
440 SM = T 450
500
SS
=
PP =
530
600
FOR FOR FOR
I I I
611
SU
612
C
613 61*
READ
=
=
120
-
SS:
I
520
-
T
FOR
620 630 700
At this time you should be able to
NEXT
400 L
loading, and then READY will appear on the screen. The Basic program should have automatically cleared
use the function keys. Pressing Fl, for
IS.a.p.
345 PRINT CHRS(34)
615 616
a New.
"OPEN
34© PRINT"F" + RIGHT$(STR$U),LEN(STR$(I))-1) + " = "i
showing exactly how the function keys are defined. A few seconds will pass while the machine language program is
itself out of memory by executing
5
"LOAD"+CI!RS(34) "RUN" "SAVE"+CHR$(34)+"@:"
L
SP
=
144
SS +
12
1 TO 7 STEP 2: 2 TO 8 STEP 2: 9 TO 12: GOSUB SM TO SM+119
B SU
+
+
1
C
-
GOSUB
1000:
NEXT
I
GOSUB
1000:
NEXT
I
NEXT
I
B
IF CO19 AND IO(SM+119) THF.N 620
617
CH
IF CH - SU
PRINT: PRINT
"[CTRL
GOTO POKE
800 I, B
KEXT
I
POKE
POKE
2,
710
720 730
POKE POKE
252, 251,
618
THEN C-P:
1,
9]IN
LINE";
POKE 56,
820
PEEK(63)
+ 256*PEEK(64)
SM-256«PEEK(2)
760 POKE 51, 7 70 SYS 0 780 NEW POKE
GOTO 620
SM/256
SS/256 SS-256"PEEK<252)
740 POKE 649, 9 750 POKE 55, PEEK(251):
810
SU-0:
PRINT "[CTRL 9JDATA STATEMENT ERROR"
55,
PEEK(251):
POKE
56,
POKE 52,
PEEK(252)
PEEK(252)
T/256 T
END
POKE PP,
-
256-PEEKC56)
SP-SS:
1005 IF FS(I)
PP
=
PP+1
= "" THEN 1060
1010 FOR J - 1 TO LEN(FSCD) 1030 1040
POKE SP, SP
-
SP+1
1070
SP
-
SP
00 9000
RETURN
1050 NEXT J 1060 POKE SP,
9010
9020
ASC(MIDS(F$(I),J,1))
+
0
1
DATA 120,165,2,141,21,3,165,1,24,105,21,144,3,238,2 1,3,141,20,3,1341 DATA88,96,165,198,208,92,165,254,240,9,169,0,133,2 54,164,253,24,144,56 DATA2712,162,3,169,63,197,197,240,13,56,233,8,202, 16,246,169,255,141,128
-—,
Assembler
RUN Fcbmary 1984 / 71
Listing 1 continued.
string. They are the Return and the Quote. To include a Return in a string, add CHRS(I3) to the string (13 is the ASCII code for Return). For example,
003© DATA2.2500,48,58,134,253,162,0,173,141,2,20)1 j 208 ,2, 162,4,2$] ,2,2(18
Ti2""J!;i5Sft
if you want F3 to automatically start
running a program as soon as you press the key, change line 230 to:
9P60 DATA253,169,2963,1,133,254,76,191,234,889
230 F$«) = "RUN" + CHRSai)
it when calculating the checksum and will branch to line 800. At line 800 the program will restore the top-of-memory
pointer,
which
returns
all
of
the
memory back to [he operating system. If il did not, the program wouldn't have
sufficient memory to execute correctly
The return wiil be executed immediately after printing RUN, just as if you had
For example, line 210 defines the
pressed the return key on the keyboard.
string for Fl:
A quote can be included in a string in a similar manner using CHR$(34). The maximum tola! length of all the strings you assign to the function keys is 231 characters. If you assign more than 231 characters, the program will print
210 F5(l)- "LIST1
If, instead, you would like the word LOAD to be printed when Fl is pressed, change line 210 to:
the next time you tried to run it.
If, however, you enter a Basic state
ment incorrectly (causing a syntax er
ror), the operating system wiil stop the
program immediately, without restor
ing anything. If you execute a GOTO
800 right after the program stops, you will save yourself the trouble of turning your VIC off, then on again, and re
Be sure to include the quotes, since FS is a string variable. Any valid string can be assigned to
the function keys, including strings con
taining cursor controls. There are, however, two characters thai arc slight
ly more complicated to assign within a
out an error message indicating that
your strings arc too long. At that time you may simply edit the appropriate
lines and run the program again.
Keep in mind that the program clears
itself out of memory after it runs. So if you would like to have a permanent
copy of the program with your newly
loading the program. Of course, this problem will not occur once the pro
gram is entered as shown in the listing. You will find that pressing the run/stop and restore keys deactivates
the program. This is because the oper ating system restores the interrupt vec tor to its original value. The program can be restarted by simply executing a SYS 0.
After you are sure the program is running properly, you may remove lines 611 through 618, along with the last data item in each Data statement. That is the part of the program associ ated with the checksum. The machine language program will load in about half the time with the checksum re moved. Do not forget also to remove the last comma in each Data statemem. Since the machine language program remains in memory after the Basic pro gram clears itself out, you will lose a small amount of memory. Your free
memory will decrease by 144 bytes, plus one byte for every character de fined in your strings.
Listing 2. Function Keys program for the C-64. <t HEM NEK
COMMODORE
'.
reh
am)
6
REM
7
REM"
2 j ',
REM kem
The function keys Fl through F12 are defined in lines 210 through 320. An array of strings named F$ holds a
string associated with each function key. FS{1) is the string defined for Fl; F${2) is the string assigned to F2, and so on. To redefine a function key, sim
ply change the appropriate line of the program corresponding to the function
key that you wish to change. 72 / RUN February 1HS4
by
rem
H
ItEH"*
•J
REM"
10 IS
HEM HEM
john
KEYS W.
VERSION
tanzijji
ron h1ndzak
VARIABLE
LIST
T - ACTUAL TUP Of HEHOHI L - TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL STKiNCS
T10N
KEYS
i(l REM KM - START OF MACHINE LANGUAGE! I) KEH SS 39 REM PP = 35 REM SP ■ it
KLM
C
.
SU
COUHTER -
97 'Jfl
KEM 11 REM KEM*"
■
BYTE
iS6 T = PEEK(55) ] IV
POKE
I'J( 196 [')?
56 , ,
120 POKF. 52
220 :3d
27ft
28(5
290 310 i '1,1
i
TO A
PROGRAM
DETERMINE
IP
BYTE
READ
(ROM
DATA
CHECKSUM
READ
tRDM
DATA
STATEMENT
+
256=PEEK(56)
?y.KiC.I,)t2 PEEK(5(i)
" ISIIFT CLRIFUNCTION
REM REM" KEM"- DEFINE STRINGS AND KEM" DIM F$( 12) F$(l) - "LIST " FS(2> - "LOAD"+CHBI<34) F!(3) = "RUN"
"PRINT PEEK!
25* FS(5) . 260
H'KC
REM«* CALCULATE TOP OF MEMORY AND RESERVE MHMORY F(l
R STRINGS 99 RF.M"
198 199 2(1 {1
FUR
SUM USED TO DETERMINE CliFXKSUH CHECKSDM READ FROH DATA STATHHEN'T
■># REM CH ■
ii ')&
DEFINED
START OK STRINGS DEFINED FOR FUNCTION BETS POINTER TO STRING POINTERS POINTER TO STRINGS DURING LOADING OF STRlSli
STATEMENT
REH
210
Redefining the Function Keys
FUNCTION
1
KEYS":I'RINT PRINT
THEM
OUT
JJCRSR I.FIICKSR-LPHCRSR 1.
K|[CRSK LFIJCRSR l.F||CRSR IF]" FJ(6) - "OPF.N lr.,8.15.".CMRS{34) FiC7 )
"PRINT EKK(O)"
■
FS(R). F$(9)
FS(lfl) FJ(ll) FJCI2)
»
. .
^
"CLOSE 15" "GOTO " "GOSIIIt " "RETURN"
"POKE
"
330 FOR I - 1 TO 12 340 PR INT"F " . RIC!ITS(STRS(Il.LEN(STBifin-l »
+
"
.
">
Circle 135 on Reader Service caid
The Commodore 6-t111 Picture Book The VIC™ Picture Book
Commodore 6-i"1 Programs for the Home
(Stern berg) A collect ion of 39 pro
(Nadler) Here s the host way fur first
grams for every
lo get storied—simple pictorial guides
(jrams. educational games, and pro
lime VIC ami Commodore <h owners
ihat explain all operating and pro gramming functions, from opening the box 10 setting up hardware to pro
member of the
game programs Arcade style and strategy games pro* ide challenges, lest
household. Includes home budget pro.
nerve and patience Drive the Grand
Strains for managing finances, arrang
Ruble's Cube Educational games also provide hours of fun while Improving
ing schedules, and more Each pro gram is documented with a description
grammlng, Everything is explained
of its function, a ilstlngln Commodore
photos Vou follow along visually No confusing instructions No "com puterese' Even programming e*er
and a sample run #S1"6. SIS.95
and demonstrated in sequential
VIC" Games
I Hampshire) Contains 36 evening
Prix, battle space pirates, solve ihe vocabulary and spelling skills
#1060, (12,95
(h BASIC, j symbol table, simple data,
rises are Illustrated You cheek your results agamsi photos of what should
appear on the screen a quick way io
advance to more sophisticated tech mques and routines
Commodore 6t™ version.
VIC™version,#6303, stilus
Order by Phone
Stimulating Simulations for the VIC™ Stimulating Simulations
for the Commodore 64™ (Engeli Unique game programs that re quire no programming expertise. In
eludes. Devil's Dungeon: Unheard of wealth in the dark, deep caves. Watch
out for ihe volcanic tremors, bot tomless pits and the monsters Lost Treasure: Its buried somewhere on
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shark infested
Jewel Thief: The
museum, ihe priceless jewel, the five suspects—who done it1 And nine other fascinating games that have you bailie a fores: fire. manage a corporation, pilot a space ship, and more
Commodore 64™ vi/rsion. #5201, 17.SO VIC"1 version, #5Pi, (7.50 VIC and Commodore M i" iradtmarks Dl Commodtire BusttHSS MadilHS, Inc. which is Ml aflilnied wilt) Hiydm book Ccnpuiy. IK
In SJ 101 J93 6)11
(Coan) The key lo using and enjoying
layden
ihe Commodore (h—a fast reading guide to operating and programming
The approach is simple and direct
Start with slmri computer programs Add i new capability. Waich ;is ihe desired effect on the program is
created and Illustrated. Based on Hayden's best-selling Baste Apple
BASIC #6456, 114.95
ihe island Stick to the map route The
woods are uncharted and the waters
1-800-631-0856
1
llavdtii Rook Cimipiirt). Inc. Dcpt. RD-24
ID Mulhollnnd Drive Hasbrouck Heights, N| U76U4 Please stud me cht- buukjs) indiuiid betow b\ codn number If I am ran completd) satisfied ] may Muni tin1 boakj.s) undim
jftfd wufmi In <[an fur a iiim|ili'(i' refund I am enclosing 12 W) tO COVtt JlmMfr and hJinllirifj
Commodore 64™ Graphics V1CTS1 Graphics
G Fniliuiil ii rm iliri* ,ji iiiunri urdrr
L_ Hill ray
* i \'H1
P MutrrUjnl
(Hampshire] Produce dsMlinR graphics
with programs that include color plot
ting, drawing maps, rainbows, geo-
meinc figures, pie charts and line graphs, characier and shape design, moving figures on the screen, and
more. Programs develop, revealing
techniques for tlirte-ilimtnsion.il drawing, and for adding perspective Commodore 64™ version, #1069,114.95 VIC™ version, #1057, »13.95
lia/Mulirfinli
tip
itu yf S| md LA muM i
RUN Fflhnouy isw / 73
Clicle tB* on Reader Sorvics card
Listing 2 continued.
SmartVoice™ NEW
350 396
NEXT REM
397
REM"
398
REH** DETERMINE STARTING LOCATIONS MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAM
399
40C
410
I
435
440
FOR
I
.
unit is nol just another voice synltiesizer
Trip gualily is lanlastic and it requires no peeks, no pokes, no phonemes, no interlace cables, no power cords, no texl eOilors Or
NEXT
1
TO
I
IF L > 231
OTU SfflO SM . T -
programs ol any kind, and installs in |usl 2
seconds Say anylhing you like with simple print statements such as
PflINT "3.
MY NAME IS SMARTVOICE
Thai is all Ihne is to it. Von can talk lasl or
slow,
use 63 pilch levels, create sound
OflBCtB. slni] songs, use automatic mllection
and monotone modes, control volume by program or entemal knob, and more,
A
detailed user manual with demonslralion programs
included.
Models
for
other
computers also available
COSP S199 Add 4?0S8HonMCor VISA orders Ohio residents add 5°i Sales Tai
USER FRIENDLY SYSTEMS INC.
6135 Ross Road
Falriield. Ohio 45014
(513) 874-4550
Circle 233 on
Service card
496
REM
49 7 498
REM"
499
12
THEN PRINT "[CTRL 91STRINGS TOO LONG":
132
KEM*"
STOKE STRINGS ANI1 POINTERS
REM"
REM"= LOAD MACHINE LANGUAGE 599 REM== 6(10 FOR I • SM TO SK+131 610 READ B 611
su
612 613
C ■ C + 1
614
READ
615 616 617 618
■
su
♦
IF CO19
n
■
AND
Kit
t<>(SM+!3!)
THEN
C-01
GOTO S0() 1,
a
I
REM RF.M"
700
POKE 250,
SM/256
710 715 720
POKE 249,
SN-2')6'PEEK(25«)
POKE POKE
248, 252,
76 SS/256
746
POKE
649,
750
POKE 55, PE.EKC2S1); POKE POKE 51, PEEK(Z51)j POKE POKE T-13, PEKK(7H9)
REM"* SETUP
FOR MACHINE LANGUAGE
REM"
730 POKE 251.
SVS
9
REM°»"
RESTORE Till: ACTUAL TOP OF
810 820
POKE END
FREE CATALOG
996
997
REH REM"
nti
REM"* SLIRROITIKL
COMMODORE 64 IBM ATARI VIC 20 APPLE
800-828-2838 IN CALIFORNIA CALL 916-939-3174
WE ALSO CARRY A
COMPLETE LINE OF BOOKS 5133 VISTA DEL ORO FAIR OAKS, CA 95628
74 / HUN February 1984
T
-
FOR
J
=
SP-SS:
■ 1
1050
SP = NEXT
SPtl J
l<J6f)
POKE
SP,
1070 SP ■ Si' 1080 RETURN
TF AN
EHKOR
236*Pf-EX(56)
KEH'*
1030 POKE SP,
lfJ4f
MEKORV
T/256
55,
lOOfl POKE PP. 1095 IF FS(I> 10IO
PEEK(252) PEEK(2S2)
REMO"
flflfl
999
56, 52,
PEEK(7Hfl]
248
THEN CALL US
799
PROGRAM
SS-256-f'EEK(252)
POKE T-U,
7B0 NEW 796 WEM 797 798
629
GOTO (>20
PRINT: PK1NT "[rJTRl. 9]1)ATA STATEMENT ERROK" PRINT "JCTRL 9|IN LINK11; PEEK(63) + 256'PEFK{G4)
OCCURS REM'" POKE 56,
The most comprehensive Listings of Business and Entertainment Software and Accessories in the industry, including Products for your
[HEN
SU-Ol
696 69 7 698 699
76 2 7 70
PROGRAM
CH
IF CH
620 POKE 630 NEXT
76 1
I I
REM
598
760
SHOP AND COMPARE
EtESf1"
156
5(10 PP - SS: SP . SS * 12 510 FOR 1 . 1 TO 1 STEP 2: COSUR 1000: NEXT 529 COS I - 2 TO 8 STEP 2: GOSIIK 1000: NEXT 538 FOR I . •) TO 12; GOSUB lO»«: NEXT I
596 597
AND
LEM(FS(D)
450 SS - I - L -
A breakthrough in voice technology lor Ihp Vic 20 and Commodore 64 computers This
STRINGS
RES"
4 20 1. » 1, +
430
FOR
II) STORE STRINGS PP
"" THEN
TO
■
FOR
FJ(I)
PP+I
1060
LEN(FSd))
ASC(HtI)S(t'SU),J,l)) 0
.
1
8996
P. EM
899 7
REM«-
8998
HEM"'
8999
REM**
9010
DAIA96,165.198,208,92,165,254,240,91,169,0,133,254
DATA
FDR
MACHINE
LANGUAGE
PROGRAM
9000 DATAI2B.165.250,141,21,3,165,249,24,105.21,144,3,2 38,21.3.141.20.3,18:17.88 ,164,251,24,144,56,2794
<>P20 DATA 201,6,240,17,202,201,5,240.12,202,201,4.240,7, 169,255,141,I2S.2,2471
9039 DATA48,58,134,253,162,0.17!.141,2,201.1,208,2,162, 9040
9050 9060
4,201,2,208,2,1962,162
DATAS.ns, 24, 101, 251, 205,128,2,240, 36,141 ,128.2,16
8,177,251,168,162,24BB.C
DATA177,251,246,17,157,119.2,200,232,134,198,224,9 ,208,24 1,132,253,169,2963
nATAI,133,2 54,7G,49,234,162,3,]65,197,2til,-j,24d 7,202,24,144,102,2437
IK
C
defined functions, remember 10 save (he
program before you run it. The following is a brief description of
set up pointers for the machine lan
(he program works. For a commented
guage program; and to protect program
assembly-language listing of (he
and strings from the rest of the oper
send
an
SASE
lo
pro RUN
magazine.)
The general technique used to ac tivate the function keys is fairly simple.
ating system. Lines 100 to
130.
top-of-memory
bytes above the Basic program.
housekeeping functions such as .scan
ning the keyboard and updating the real-time clock. By intercepting (his in terrupt, the machine language program executes sixty times a second.
Every time the program executes, it checks to see if one of the function keys is pressed. If one is pressed, the key
pointer
to
point
(start
characters of the appropriate string as it can hold. As soon as the keyboard buf
calculated. Lines 500 to 530. The strings and a
fer is emptied by the operating system,
table of pointers to the strings are load
my program will load more of the string
ed, beginning at location SS.
memory to the operating system before stopping.
Lines 1000 to 1080. This is the sub routine that takes a string F$(l) and loads it into memory. A pointer to the string is also loaded into a table. Conclusion
The power of this program lies in the
fact that you can customize it to your own needs. If you have a printer, for example, one of the keys can be de fined to give you a printout with a sin gle keystroke. Some of the commands
Lines 600 to 630. The machine lan
pleiely printed.
guage program is read from the Data statements and is loaded, beginning at
The Husk Program
location SM.
The functions of the Basic program
original value in order to return all the
of machine language pro
gram) and SS (start of strings) are
into the buffer, until the string is com-
Lines 800 to 820. Execution reaches this point only if an error occurs, such as defining strings that are too long. The top of memory is restored to its
Lbies 200 to 350. The array FS is created, and the strings associated with each function key arc printed to remind the user how they arc defined. Lines 400 to 450. The total length of all the strings is calculated. It is verified that their length does not exceed 231 characters. If the strings are valid, then SM
is
then executes a New.
512
board buffer is loaded with as many
routine
the strings, so that only as much mem
Reserve enough
interrupt is generated that signals the operating system to perform certain
setup
ory as is needed is taken away from the operating system. The program jumps to the machine language setup routine,
memory to load the machine language program and strings by changing the
Sixty times every second, a hardware
language
stored in memory. The top of memory is changed to point to the beginning of
gram at the top of memory; to load the strings just below the machine code; to
how the machine language section of
gram,
machine
are: to load the machine language pro
I have defined are useful only if you have a disk drive. If you define the set of functions thai you use the most, you
will find this program very handy.
Lines 700 to 780. A pointer lo the
1!
Circle 27 on Reader Service cart)
COMMODORE64*
00 Ik OBIVIHG
k lo morrer which direction you wish ro travel in, experience
IN rhe advanrage of computer communications wirh The
SMART 64 Terminal. Discover rhe program rhar purs you
onrheRighrRoadro: Public-Access Networks, University Sysrems, Privore Company Compurers and Financial Services.
The SMART 64 Terminal designed wirh Qualiry-Bred feorures, Affordable Pricing. . .And Service,
So why nor navel rhe communicarions highways rhe SMART way!
Accessories included: □ Selective Storage of Received Dora. □ Alarm Timer.
□ User-Defined Function Keys,
Screen Colors. Printerond Modem Setting.
□ 40 or 80 Cot. Operation".
□ Screen Ptint
□ Auto-Dial.
□ Dish Wedge Ouilt-ln!
□ Formaned Lines. ] Review, Rearrange. PrintFiles □ Sends'Receives Programs and FilesotANYSIZE.
2 Adjustable transmit/receive tables ollow custom requirements. These and other features make TheSMART64 Terminol the best choice for grand touring telecommunications.
•Commodore 64 reg,srefedrrademoiK
ol Commodore DuiinesiMochineslfK
Dealer Availability
C°" <?03) 3a9-6063
\W*m\
MICROTECHWIC
[wKgBsW
i'JLU I I T-^ I I '-J
KmKvII
-^if- ^"i I
I |'r I/*, \j r-
wMfel P.O. GOX2940, New Haven. Ct. 06515 RUN February 1084 / 75
Iron Hand or VIC-20?
How Would You Rule Your Kingdom?
As a royal ruler in (his game,
you've got to think quickly (o expand your kingdom while forestalling grain drain, especial ly in time of war. By Joseph J. Shaughnessy
This game is boih fun and edueaiional. You muM continually juggle num bers and computations in your head, but it's not a painful process. (The pro
gram will work with any memory con figuration of the VIC-20, including un-
There are many factors to ponder in planning for the coming year. Is the
Listings 1 and 2.)
state at war or peace? Is there sufficient
You are the ruler of a small city-state in ancient times. Your major goal in life is to increase the size of your kingdom,
food to feed the population, or should some of the people be allowed to starve? Are there enough people lo do the work of planting and harvestingâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and for military service if there is war? Is the price of land high or low? Have you saved enough grain for seed? Are there any fringe benefits with this job?
you own. To be successful, you'll find that caring and concern for the people
V1O20 or Commodore
under your rule may not always be pro ductive in accomplishing your goal. However, total disregard of your people
also carries penalties.
Address author correspondence lo Joseph J. Shaughnessy, 4703 Country
Royal Decisions
Club Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15236.
have grain in storage and also have a population to govern. During each
76 / RUN February !!)S4
many acres to plant.
expanded, and also with the C-64. See
and you measure your progress towards this goal by the number of acres that
RUN It KiciiiT
round of play (measured as one year for each round), you must buy or sell land, set aside grain for feeding the popula tion during the year and determine how
As the game begins, you own land,
To aid you with your job, the State of
the Realm report is constantly displayed and updated as you are requested to give orders for the upcoming year. Al so, at the end of each year, the Grand Secretary of State will give you a report of the results of your decisions, includ ing such things as harvest yield, census
only plant 10 acres of land; seed re
changes and the state of the treasury.
quirements are Vi bushel per acre. In time of war, one-third of the pop
You could discover, through trial and error, the requirements for distributing grain to your various priorities, but that is maddening. Instead, 1 will tell you the following: each person requires 20
ulation is required for the army and is not available for agriculture (they still eat, though). You will find yourself at war about 30 percent of the time.
bushels of grain to eat; each person can
Listing 1. Rule the Kingdom program for the VIC-20. 1*
REM
RULE THE
KINGDOM
14
POKE36869,XM:P=1W:A!U1(>:5P = (>:RD=15«):YH = 3:C1U3000:CA
16 18
G0T0114 REM SUBROUTINES
12 XM=242:POKE36879,93
BY
J.
SI1AUCHNESSY
:POKE646,0:IF PEEK(4096) THEN XM
= 194
= KJK55>:YR=1 :GS=285fl) 20 PRINT"[SHFT CLR][CTRL 8][CRTL 9][2
PRlNTtCRSR PRINT"[CTKL PRINT"[CTRL
28 30
PRINT"[CTRL PRINT"[CRTL
32
I=VAL(I$):I=INT(ABS(I)):RETURN
34 36
REM DELAY LOOP FORX=1TO4W:NEXT:RETURN
38
REM WAIT
44
RETURN
46
[
)[ ][ DN)[CTRL 2][CHTL 9 [SHFT P]E0PLE:";P 1 [CRTL 9)|SHFT A]CRF,S : "; CA 3 [CRTL 9][S!IFT B]U. [SHFT S]TORED:"jGS
22 24 26
40 42
SPACES][SHFT S]TA
TEESHFT SPACE][SHFT 0]F [SHFT T)HE [SHFT R]EALH CTRL 0]";
1] [CRSK DN][SHFT K]INGD0M IS AT 9][22 SPACES][CTRL 0]":RETURN
FOR
KEY
PRINT"[CRSR DN][SHFT H]IT GETA$:IFA$rilEN42
A
KEY
TO
";PW$
48 50
PRINT"YOUR REIGN:[CRSR
52
IF
54
SP=1THEN58
IFSP=S)THENPRINT"
DN]"
| SHFT
N JOBODY
STARVED,
PRINT"[SHFT O]NE PERSON
60 02
IFWKUTHEN68 IFWK=1THENPRINT"[SHKT
64
PKINTVK;
68
IFAR=1TIIEN72
66
PRINT"DIED
IN
User Fields
0]NE";:C0T066
Notes, Footnotes and Sources
70 72 74 76
PRINT AR;"PEOPLE CAME TO THE KINGDOM":G0T076 IFSP<liB.\NDSP>[ANl)WK<lTHENPRINT" "; PRINT"ONE PERSON CAME TO THEKINGDOH." PRINT"[CRSR DN][SHFT W]E HARVESTED ";GH
80
PRINT"PER
82
84
86
88 90
ACRE."
No Limits Adapts to Your Hardware
Comprehensive Easy to Use
And Much, Much More
";YHj"BUSHELS"
Send lor brochure and sample prinlouli
PRINT"[SHFT R]ATS RUINED";RD;"BU." PR1NT"LEAVING";GS
PRINT"BUSHELS
PRINT"[CRSR
IN
Kamilv RooEs jncludn dttJlVd m«nu*l jn<t 2 lull (lrsVrHrs Pi fno|{f*mi lor your Apple It, IHM PC
STORAGE."
DN ] [SHFT T]HE
PRINT"ACRES OF
LAND."
Commodore 64 and CFVM *
KINGDOM HAS";CA
Olhet grnrjlogy k^Iwjic jLv> jvjrliblr
Price i\6& plus J3 bQ poiUflf SHiiijfjcrton tjujr^nrnd
92
RETURN
94
PRINT"[CRSR
96
PRINT"[CRSR" DN]ISIIFT T)HE STARVING PEASANTS RAIDED T
98
Amencin ExpRH, Vru ts Mutticjrd Accepled
DN][SHFT
0][SHFT
H]
[SHFT
K ] ING . ..THTNK TTirJcmjfki toe
AGAIN!":GOSUB36:RETURN
HE WAREHOUSES"
PRINT"AND
DESTROYED 50%
OF
IFJ>0THENRETURN P=P-INT(P/2):PRINT"[SHFT tuv
PEOPLE
T]HE
PLAGUE
KILLED
HALFOF
rl
106 PRINT"[SHFT'T]HE POPULATION IS NOW ";P;".":G0SUB36: RETURN
108
IFSP<PTHENRETURN
Ijic , Irtirn^itniul
THE STORED GRAIN"
100 GS=INT(GS/2):WK=0:GOSini36:RETURN
H}2 10)4
We Help Bring Your Family Together 6 Types of Charts and Sheets Indices
STARVED,AND";
BATTLE"
78 PRINT"BUSHELS AT
Circle 2Z0 on Reailer Sorvico caid
AND":GOTO60
56 PRINT SP;"PEOPLE STARVED,AND";:GOTO60
58
&
PROCEED"
PRINT"[SHFT CLR][CRTL 9]B [SHFT H]A1L [SHFT C|REAT [ SHFT R]ULF,R ! M CTRL (>]" PRINT"[SHFT I] BEG TO REPORT THAT IN TilE YEAR|CRTL 9]";YR;"[CTRL 0]OF"
*
^7~^
Family
Roots
QUINSEPT, INC. P.O. Box 216, Lexington, MA 02173 (617) 862-0404
RUN Fchniarv 1984 / 77
Listing I continued..
lid PRINT"[SHFT CLR][CRSR DNjfCRSR R
112
SUBJECTS
ARE
[SHFT
D]EAD
DN
SHFT
A]LL
[SHFT S]O ARE YOU![CRSR DN][CRSR DN]
OF
YOU
[CRSR
DN ]
you may have to let
GOTO236
114
PRIKT"[SHFT CLR][CRTL 9][3 SPACES][SHFT RJULE [SHFT T]HE [SHFT K]INGDOM[3 SPACES ][ CTRL 0]" 116 PRINT"[CRSK DN][SHFT W]HERE YOU GOVERN THE ANCIENT [SHFT K]INGDOM
OF[4
SPACES][SHFT
218 PRINT"[CRSR DN][SHFT TjHE OBJECT FT
KjINGDOM
GROWING"
BJAISYLON"
IS TO KEEP THE [SH
120 PKINT"[CRSR DN][SHFT I]F YOU WANT TO QUIT, 122 124
L
OF
YOUR
SELL AL
LAND."
GOSUB38 ZZ-RSD(TI):GOT0128
126 ZZ=RND(1):IFZZ<.3THEMPW$-"[SHFT W] [SHFT A ] t SHFT R] ;WF-1. 5:GOTO130
128 WF-1:PW$="[SHFT P][SHFT E][SHFT A][SHFT C][SHFT E]
130 GO5UB46:GOSUB38:GOSUB2(>
132 K=INT(RND(1)*12+16):PRINT"[SHFT L,]AND IS WORTH ";K 134 PRINT"BUSHELS PER ACRE.[CRSR DN]" 136 PRINT"[CRTL 9][SHFT B][CTRL 0]UY,[CRTL 9 J [ SHFT S][C TRL
?>]ELLTOR
[CRTL 9][SHFT
H][CTRL
0]OLI)
135
ND" GOSUB42
143
PRINT"!; CRSR
146 148
PRINT"[CRSR DN][SHFT H]OW MANY ACRES" INPUT"*[CRSR LF][CRSR LF][CRSR LF]pt;I$
[SHFT LlA
140 IFAS = "B"0RA$ = "S"0RAS-"H"TH£N'144 144
LF]
IFAS = "H"THEN172
[CRSR
LF][CRSR UP ] ":G0TO138
150 IFIS«"*"THENPRINT"[CRSR UP][CRSR UP ] " : GOTO148 152 GOSUB32:IFI=^THF,N172 154
IFAJ = "S"THENlfi4
158
COSUB94:GOSUB20:COTO136
156 J-I*K:IFJ<-GSTMEK16(4
168
You can experiment with various styles of governing, but I've found that most progress toward your goal is made
by buying and selling land at the correct time. You may sometimes have to sell land in order to feed your people, and you may sometimes have to let some of
them starve. It was a hard world in those times. Program Description
REM statements have been placed at certain points within the program. For the unexpanded VIC-20, memory is critical, and the REM statements should probably be deleted. Also, using abbre viations for Basic statements is a good space-saving tool in programming. For instance, the abbreviation for the Print command is ?. Every time you come to a Print, type in ? instead. Lines 10-16 set up the screen color, assign initial values to the variables and Lines 18-112 are subroutines, placed at
162 GOSUB2(J:GOT0172 166
some ofyour people starve.
direct the computer to the Title display.
160 GS=GS-J:CA=CA+I
164
For the good ofyour Kingdom,
IFI = CATHENr234
the beginning of the program for quick
IFI>CATHENGOSUB94:GOSUB2(S:GOTOU6
er access.
CA-CA-I:GS-CS+K*I
Every time a subroutine is called, the
172
PRINTiPRIST"[SHFT
FO
computer starts searching at the begin ning of the program and will look at all
174 176
INPUT"*[CRSR U"][CRSR LF][CRSR LF]";I$ IFIS="*"THEKPRINT"[CRSR UP][CRSR UP][CRSR
UPl":GOTO
subroutine is found. If you put your
178
GOSUB32
182
GOSUB94:GOSL'B20:GOTO172
184
IFI>(5»P)THEN19B
188
WR=1:REM WABEHS
190 GS=GS-I:SP=P-INT(I/2O):AR=0:COEUB108:IFSP>=PTHEN194
loop; lines 38-44 wait for a keystroke from the keyboard; lines 46-92 display
192
AR—SP/2:SP=0
194
IFWR=1THENGOSUB96
that you don't have the resources to ac
170 GOSUB20 R
FOOD"
D]ISTRIBUTE
174
HOW MANY
BUSHELS
the line numbers, in order, until the
near
the beginning,
the
computer will find them quicker.
180 IFK-GSTHEN184 186
subroutines
This program makes extensive use of subroutines:
lines
20-30
display
the
State of the Realm; line 36 is a delay
IFI>GS/4THENl9ffl
RAID
196 GOSUB20 198 PRINT"[SHFT H]OW MANY ACRES SHALL WE PLANT" 2 Oft INPUT"*[CRSR LF][CRSR LF](CRSR LF]" j 1$ 202 IFIS="*"THENPRINT"[CRSR UP][CRSR UP][CRER UP]":GOTO
the end-of-year report; line 94 tells you complish
your
last
command;
lines
96-112 give you assorted bad news. Lines 114-122 display the title; line 124 initially "seeds" the random num ber generator and skips over line 126 so
204 2B6 208
GOSUB32 IFI>CATHEN214 J=INT(I/2):IFJ>GSTHEN214
212
GOTO218
send the program to the State of the Realm display; lines 132-134 randomly
214
COSUB94:COSUB20:GOTO198
determine the current
216 218
REM CALC CHANGES FOR YEAR GS=GS-J:YH-1+INT(RND(1)*5):GH-YHflI:RD»INT((GS+GH)».
lines 136-214 ask for your commands
220
())
J-INT(RND(1)*25):IFWF-1,5THENWK=INT(.3»RND(1)*P):GO TO224
78 / RUN February 1984
that
you
start
out
at
peace;
lines
126-130 check for war or peace and
price of land;
for the coming year and determine some of the results; lines 216-232 calculate changes for the yearly report; finally,
lines 234-248 end the game and tell you how you've done.
Circle B on Reader Service ca'
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RUN February 1984 / 79
Variables Used
Listing / continued.
222
A list of the variables used in Ihis pro gram is as follows: p = population; ar = new arrivals to the city; sp = number of people who starved; rd = grain des troyed by rats; yh >■ harvest yield in
WK = lJ
224 226 228
23fl
AK = 99
IFAR<#THENAR = (6 P=P+AR-SP-WK:YK=YR+1
232
GOSUB102:(;OTOL26
234
I'RINT"[SHFT CLR]|CRSR
236
PRINT"[CRSR
K
YOUK
LAND,THE
OURSELF."
bushels per acre; gh = total bushels har GAME
DS]ISHFT
I)N)lSIIFT Y]OU IS
OVER"
Y]OU CAN
CO
0
vested; gs = current bushels in storage;
BEING Y
ca=acres owned by the kingdom; yr= current year of your reign; pw$ = war
HAVE SOLI) Ai.I.
HACK
TO
or peace; a$, i$, i, j, zz, x = temporary
CA=CA+INT(CS/K):BS="INCREASED" 240 IF CA<] i30THENBS = "DECREASr;i)"
238 242
PRI\T"[CRSR HI-
WKALTH"
PN]|SHFT DJURIKG YOUK
244
PRINT"OF
246
PRINTYR;"-YEARS."
248
variables; wk = number killed in war;
THE KINCDOM
i!Y
FACTOR
HEKiN,YOU",BS;"
T
OF" ; I NT( ( CA /I 130 )*
10
wr■ flag
for
warehouse
raid;
wf =
population efficiency factor for war or peace; k = current price of land; b$ = increase or decrease in kingdom size.
END
Conclusion
This game is a lot of fun. The first time I played it (on another brand of Listing 2. Rule the Kingdom program for the C-64.
1(»
REM
RULE
THfc
KI NGDOM
BY
12
POKE53281,1: PR I NT"[CTRL
14
P=100:AR=10: SP= ffl:RB=15?i
16
GOTO 114
18
REM
J. SHAUGHNESSY I]";CHKS(14)
= 2850
SUBROUTINES
computer), I must have played for two hours non-stop. In my opinion, you'll gain a better understanding of how the program works by typing it into your
computer yourself. However, I'll make tape or disk copies for those unwilling or unable to type it in themselves. Just send me $3, a blank tape or formatted disk and a self-addressed, stamped, re
turn mailer.
EH
Circle 91 on Reader Service caid
Make Your Commodore Radio Retire
The MICHOLOC AIR-1 cartridge will turn your VIC-20 or C-64 into a complete Radio Teletype and Morse code ter
minal. Connect a shortwave radio and you'll be watching text readout from weather station;,, news services, ships and HAM radio operators all over the world. A whole new use for your home computer. The AIR-1 contains both program in ROM and radio interlace circuit to copy Morse code and all
speeds and shifts of radio teletype. Plus the on screen tuning
indicators mean you never have to take yoi"1 «yes off the video for perfect tuning. For Ham radio use, the Air-1 will also send and receive
BTTY/CW with AFSK/I'TT & ± CW keying outputs.
The AIR-1 will even tell you what Morse speed you're
copying and provide built-in send/receive code practice!
80 / RUN February 1984
With keyword or manual printer control for permanent paper copy, you won't miss li single bit of the action.
If you've been looking for something to spice-up your
computing, try the ultimate "peripheral" and connect your computer lo the AIR-1,
The complete AIR-1 for the VIC-20 or "64" is $199.
(With 4 mode AMTOR, $279.) See it at your local dealer or
call MIcrolog Corporation, 1H713 Mooney Drive. Gaithersburg, Maryland 20H79. TEL: (301) 258-8400. Telex: 008153.
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RUN febman- W84 / 81
TlHE[SHFT
SPACE][SHFT R
PRINT"[SMFT CLR][CRTL 9J- [SHFT I1]A1L [SHFT G]REAT [ SHFT R1ULER ! ^[CTRL 0]" PRINT11! SHFT I] BEG TO REPORT THAT IN THE YEAR[CRTL 9
46
]lfiYR;"[CTRL 0]OF"
PRIMT"[S1IFT
IFWK<1THEK6B IFWK-ITHEN*PRINTM[SHFT O]NE lf;:GOTO66
58
60 62
PERSON
AR;"PROPLE
PRTNT"[SHFT
82
96
94
84 86 SB 9SS 92
HE
WAREHOUSES"
PRINT"[CRSR DNjfSHFT O][SHFT H] [SHFT K ) ING... THINK AGAIN rr:G0SUB36:RETURN PRINT"[CRSR DH][SHFT T]HE STARVING PEASANTS RAIDED T
R]ATS RUINED";RD;"BU."; PRTNT"LEAVING";GS PRIKT"BUSHKLS IN STORAGE." PRINT1I[CRSR DNr][SHFT T]HE KINGDOM HAS";CA: PRINT"ACRES OF LAND." RETURN
8t PRIKT"PER ACRE."
PRINT" ONE PERSON CAME TO THE KINGDOM." PRINT"[CRSR DNJ[SHFT W]E HARVESTED";GH; PRINT'BUSHELS AT";YH;"BUSHELS"
74 76 78
";
fl;
KIKGDOM11: G0T076
STARVED,AND
CAME TO THE
BATTLE"
0]NE
PRINTVK; PRTNT"DIED IN IFAR=1THEN74
GOTO6(fr
72 IFSP<H>ASDSP>1ANDHK<1THENPHINTIP
7p
64 66 68
57
SP;"Pt:OPLE
STARVED, AND" ;
[SHFT N ]OBODY STARVED,
56
SP=1THEN58
IF
54 IFSP = 0THEJIPRINT"
52
50 PRINT"YOUR REIGN:[CRSR DN]"
48
A\D":GOTO6tf
RETURN
TO PROCEED"
44
DXKSHFT H)IT A
GETAS:IFAS = "flTKENi2
42
40 PRINTSPC( 11 ); "[CRSR
KEY
REM WAIT
38
FOR
REM DELAY LOOP FORX=lTOi^0t5:NRXT:RETURN
34
36
I-.VAL(I5): [=INT(ABS(I)):RKTURN
KEY
S|TORKD:";GS
32
N
[SKFT
:";CA
PRINTSPC{13); " [CRSR DN][SHFT KJINGDOM IS AT I1;PW$ PRINT:PRItfT"[CRTL 9 J [ 39 SPACES][CTRL 0 |" : PR INT : R ETUR
I) 1U.
AjCSES
28 30
fCRTL 9f[SHFT
9][SMFT
PRINTSPC( 13);"
[CRTL
[CRTL 9J|SHFT P]EOPLE:";F
26
PRINTSPC(13);M
PRINTSPC( 13);11
2U
22
SPACKJOF[SHFT SPACE][SHFT JEALM [CTRL 0J l1 jPRIKT
20 PR1NT"[SHFT CLR][10 SP ACKS ] [ CRTL 9 ] [ Sll I T S[TATE[SHFT
Listing 2 coritirtuerf-
IFSP<PTHEMRETUKN
PLAGUE KILLED
HALF
OF
YOUR[3
SPACES]LAND."
WK-1:PW$ = "[SHFT
P][SHFT
IFA$="S"THBN16&
COSUB94:GOSUB2d:GOTO 136 158
IFI=CATHEN234
CA=CA-I:GS=GS+E*I
164 166 168
170 GOSUB2?I
IFI>CATHENGOSUS94:GOSU02^:GOTO]46
GOSUB24):GOT0172 162
GS^CS-J:CA=CA+t
J-I*K:IFJ<=GSTllEN16«!
154
156
GOSUB32:1F1-OTHENI72
152
IA4
PR[NTT1[r.HSR LF] [CRSR LKJ{CRSR UP]":GOTO138 IFA5="H"THEN172 146 PRrNT"[CRSR DN)[SKFT H]OU MANY ACRES" U8 INPUT"*|CRSR LFUCRSR LF][CRSR LF|";IS 150 IFIS = "*"TH KNPKINT"f CKSR UPJJCRSR UP]":GOTO148
142
Up
13*
GOSEJB42
E JIT
R]"
13fi
CJ[SHFT
A][SHFT
136
A ] [ SHFT
w][SHFT
K=INT(RND(l)*12+l6):PHINT"[SHFT L]AND IS WORTH";K; PRINT"ftUSHELS E'ER ACR£.fCR5R DN I" PRINT11 (CRTL 9 |f SHFT B j[ CTRL O)UY,[CRTL 9 H SHFT S](CTRL 0)ELL,OR [CRTL 9 ] [SHFT H][CTRL 0]OLD fSHFT L]ANDt1
132
f-][SilFT
ZZ=RND(1):IFZZ<.3THENPWS="[SHFT
G0SUB38
130 GOSUB46:GOSUB3S:G()SUB2(fi
128
126
124
122
118
OF
PRINT?PRTNT"[SHFT CLRJ[CRSR DN][CRSR DN)[9 SPACES][ CRTL 9J[3 SPACES]£SHFT R]ULE [SHFT TJHE [SHFT K]IN GDOM[3 SPACES][CTRL 0]" PRINT"[CRSR DN][SHFT W]HERE YOU GOVERN THE ANCIENT [SHFT K]INGDOM OF [SHFT BjABVLOW" PRINT"[CRSR DN][SHFT T]HE OBJECT IS TO KEEP TfJE [ SH FT K]INGDOM[7 SPACESJGEOWIHG" PRINT"[CRSR DN][SHFT I]F YOU WANT TO QUIT, SELL ALL
116
GOT0236
DN]
114
(CRSR
A]LL OP YOU
112
DN J"
DN ] [ SHFT
R SUBJECTS ARE [SHFT DjEAD [SHFT S]O ARE YOlf![CRSR D^ ] [ CRSR
DNJ[CRSR
POPULATION1 IS NOW " ; P ; " , " :GOSUB36 :
1 1 C> PRINT"[SHFT CLRJICHSR
108
RETURN
106 PRINT"[SHFT TJHE
P=P-1NT(P/2):PRINT"[SHFT T]HE THE PEOPLE."
PRINT"AND DESTROYED 50% OF THE STORED GRAIN" 10 CS=IWT(GS/2):WR=0:GOSUB36:RETURN 102 98
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RUN February 19S4 / 83
Be a VIC Memory Miser!
of-linc indicator. Whenever you com bine two program lines on a single line, you save four bytesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the five-byte over
head less one byte for the required sepa rating colon. Just be careful; it's not always legal or correct to combine program lines.
Come along and learn some
techniques for squeezing the most out of your unexpanded
VIC-20. Put the crunch on the memory crisis. By Robert W. Baker
using a Commodore 64
You might change the program How or
system, the available RAM space for writing your own Basic programs is gen
If you're
create part of a program line thai might
erally adequate.
around If.. .Then.. .and GOTO state
However,
a
VIC-20
with no memory expansion can put a serious limit on what you can do. Here are some irieks thai may just let
Other Space-Savers
even then these techniques will let you
usage is to delete all unnecessary spaces
do "more with less."
from within your program. Commo dore Basic does not need any separating
program.
This,
however,
makes
the
program harder to document, and if
spaces within program statements. Key words in Basic are stored as coded sin
gle-byte tokens when a program line is typed in. When the program is inter
it might take quite a while to remember
preted and executed, the tokens are eas
what cadi variable is used for and how the program works. For safety's sake,
ily identified by their unique codes. Sep
while you're writing the program, you
Although Basic key words are stored as singlc-bytc tokens, all other text in a
arating spaces are simply ignored.
The next best technique is to use mul
program line is stored just as it's typed,
tiple statements per line, with a separat
one character per byte. Thus, you can
ing colon, ['here's a five-byte overhead associated with every Basic program line, regardless of its length. These con
84 / RUN February
Another way to cut down on memory
you should want to make changes later,
should make notes and save them.
A ico, N.108004,
ments. Make sure the new program line still does what was intended.
you squeak by. Eventually, you'll prob ably want to add extra memory, but
The most obvious space-saving tech nique is to avoid using remarks in your
Address author correspondence to Robert W, Baker, 15 Windsor Drive,
never get executed. Be especially careful
save additional space by using small line numbers and short variable names. By using line numbers 1, 2 and 3 instead of 1000, 2000 and 3000, you'll save three
sist of two bytes for the line number (en coded in binary)t two for a link address
bytes on every GOTO or GOSUB in
that points to the next sequential Basic
volving these lines.
line, and a single byte used as the end-
Also, don't forget to use variables to
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their fullest. Equate them to the value of commonly used constant values. This especially applies to strings. The string variable pointer will actually point to the text in the Basic program line where ii's denned, instead of using variable space at the top of memory. Try to reuse variables, too, wherever possible, rather than defining new vari ables every time you need to do some calculation. Remember, the less vari able space you use, the more program space you'll have.
Avoid using arrays when simple vari ables will work just as well, because an array has more overhead (to allow for potentially much more data).
If you
have to use an array, be sure to declare its size and don't forget to use the zero element. Watch the use of integer variables.
Simple integer variables still take seven bytes each, whereas integer array ele ments save memory by using only two bytes per element. If you use a simple integer variable like K%, you'll actual ly waste space by using a percent sign each time you reference the variable. On the other hand, if this forces using INT(...) functions, you may be better off using the simple integer variable. Don't forget, too, that Basic sets a default value for each variable the first time it is encountered in executing a program; strings arc set to a null string and numeric variables are set to zero. There's no need to initialize variables to these values, since Basic does it for you. Constants and Quotes
Constant data used by a program can be read into an array from an external data file on tape or disk, rather than from data statements within the pro
you're printing variables separated by some text, such as 100 PRINT "LENGTH = ";X;'T
WIDTH-":
Y;"AREA = ";Z,
the Next statements:
you could simply use
100FORX=1TO 10
100 PRINT "LHNOTH-"X" WIDTH-"Y"
U0FORY=10TO 100
AREA = "Z
You can also save space by omitting
quotation marks around string element values in data statements. Quotes are only required if there are spaces or spe cial characters like graphics, cursor con
trols, commas, colons and so on within the data.
Speaking of quotation marks, you can also omit closing quotation marks
in any Print statement as long as it is not followed by other items to be printed in the same statement, or by a colon and another Basic statement. Basic will au tomatically add the closing quote and print the line.
Skip punctuation within multiple-item Print statements whenever possible. If 86 / RUN February 1084
120FORZ = 2TO4
There's no need to use the separating
semicolons, since Basic will automatic ally assume a semicolon separator be tween items.
Use TAB and SPC functions to avoid using extra spaces in Print statements.
Just keep in mind that these functions actually move the cursor to the right the required number of spaces. You cannot
use these functions to clear something from the screen, since a space character
is not printed. Also, always use subroutines to per form common functions needed at vari
200 NEXT Z.Y,X
Just be sure you get the variables listed in the correct order, and don't
forgetâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the innermost
loop will ter
minate first. Finally,
avoid
using
parentheses
where they are not really needed for the
proper interpretation of the statement. Remember the hierarchy of operations shown in the manuals.
ing to need a yes/no answer from a user
I hope this information proves help ful in making your program fit into the available space. Generally, most of these space-saving techniques will also
at various points in your program, then
save execution time, so your programs
make a subroutine to do it, and call the
may even run faster.
ous points in the program. If you're go
Si
Space Saver Extraordinaire By Robert Baker
gram. Alternately, the data can be used directly from the data statements with out being placed into an array, and can be reused any number of times by em ploying the Restore command.
subroutine whenever needed. If you have nested For.. .Next loops with common exit points, then combine
internal variable table in the order they
Now.. .Time to Save Time Now that you've learned how to save
space when writing Basic programs, you are ready to learn how to save time, too. Keep in mind, though, that most of these time-saving techniques may also increase program size. For starters, use variables instead of constants, since retrieving the value of a simple or array variable from the vari
able tables is faster than converting a constant from a program statement to
its
internal
floating-point
representa
tion. For instance, if you're using the number 256 several times throughout
your program, let P = 256 and use the variable P wherever you would have used 256.
Order the definitions of variables carefully. Variables are defined in the
are encountered during execution of the program. Whenever the program refer ences a variable, Basic must scan from the stan of the variable table to find the
desired value, Since those variables de fined first can be located quickest, de fine most-often-used variables first. It may even be advantageous to define certain variables with dummy values at
the start of the program to get them into the variable table in a specific order. Define all simple variables before using a large array. Whenever you de fine a simple variable, Basic must move any existing arrays in memory to pro vide space for the new simple variable
entry, and must modify accordingly all array pointers associated with that array.
Keep heavily used subroutines near
the stan of the program and use a sim ple GOTO instruction to skip over them
Circle 265 on Reader Semes cird
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when the program begins. Basic nor
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mally searches from the stan of the pro gram to find the subroutine line, so placing subroutines near the end of the program wastes a great deal of time, es
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than the line calling the subroutine, then Basic will start scanning after the cur rent line. This can still waste time, however, since the subroutine is not always close to the calling line. Nexl—For You Carefully examine the contents and structure of every For-Next loop, which
is possibly the most notorious timewaster if not handled properly. State ments that do not need to be repeated
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Actually, Basic doesn't always have
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FOR
Another time-saving technique in volves combining operations whenever possible in the normal program flow. If
COMMODORE 64™ and VIC 20™
your program is going to read data into
an array and then sort it, try to place the entry in the correct array position and shift the remaining entries accordingly as each item is read. This is especially helpful when you manually enter the data from the key board. You may not notice a short de lay between each entry, but later, when
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RUN February 1984 / 87
Mystery of the Black Box Revealed
Are you in the dark about the mysterious black box called the
1541
single
floppy
disk
drive? This illuminating article will shed some light on the sub ject and help you see your way
clear to getting the most out of your disk drive.
quickly
manual." Reading computer manuals
learn the drawbacks of using cassettes to load and store programs, so disk
Mosi
computer
will never be as easy as reading Sports
drives soon appear on their shopping
has most of what you need to know to
lists. The 1541 single floppy disk drive is a powerful and inexpensive addition to any VIC-20 or Commodore 64 sys tem, but with the power comes frus
work the equipment. Your VIC-1541 Single Floppy Disk User's Manual, while far from perfect, is better than many equipment manu
trating complexity.
als, and it's the best all-in-one source
Simply
beginners
reading the manual
is
no
cure, because it's as complex as the
disk drive, and thus far from friendly to beginners. My aim here is to present
simple,
By Louis F. Sander
step-by-stcp
explanations of
the most frequently used 1541 features
and operations, oriented to the firsttime disk drive user. Open Your Manual...
With this article, your 1541 drive, user's manual and VIC 1541 Test Demo
disk, you'll be able to master all the techniques of working with Basic pro grams on disk. You'll learn to unpack,
connect and activate your disk drive, and to read disk directories. I'll show
you how to load programs from prere corded disks and how to save programs on blank ones.
Finally, you'll learn how to use the "wedge," or DOS support program,
and how to use the 1541'$ built-in utili ties for verifying, erasing and renaming programs on the disk. When you've finished reading, you'll know all about the most important disk operations, and you should understand the manual well enough to start learning about the Address author correspondence to Louis F. Sander, PO Box 15253, Pitts burgh, PA 15237,
88 / RUN February 1984
Illustrated, but even the worst of them
of information about the 1541. I'm as
suming that you have a manual to refer to while you're reading this article, so I'll try to avoid repeating information
that's already in the book, My own manual is identified on its title page as P/N 1540031-02, and on the copyright page as Second edition,
December 1982. If yours is different, don't worry; you'll still be able to follow the train of thought.
Get your own manual out now, and look carefully al the table of contents
on page 1. We'll be taking a guided tour through the material in chapters
1-4, but doing it in a more understand able sequence and adding some impor tant explanations. The advanced mate rial in chapters 5-9 is beyond our scope right now.
Speed and Capacity
Look first at chapter 1, which gives an excellent
background
for under
standing this article and the rest of the manual. When they say your disk is fast, they aren't kidding. I timed a 64K program as it first loaded from tape
others. . , , . in whatever way you're involved in the world of electronics, you sooner or
and then from the 1541, with these results: tape, 31! seconds; disk, 45 seconds. Not bad! There are faster disks than the 1541, tiiough; my
later learn the wisdom of that ancient proverb, "When all else fails, read the
in four seconds flat. Nevertheless, your
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aukh't get *ra*, so I had HP torul r*JUl 'til it got tfrort - it
dialed fix mnjtes strait? Iwi I ajto-legged en with en? of ty a fn^r*-
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1541 is a big improvement over your Datassette.
"switch."
Now that you have the background
sign in quotes, a comma and the num ber 8. Then press the return key. So,
to understand the corrected chapter 2,
with Test/Demo in the drive, type
page 5 are of direct interest to the
read it and follow its instructions care
beginner—one on media and iwo on
fully. Pay special attention to the sec tion entitled Insertion of Diskette, to learn the proper orientation of the disk
LOAD "S",8
Only three of the specifications on
storage. The 1541 uses standard soft-
sectored, single-sided, single-density disks. That's good news, since those are usually the least expensive. Yon can use other types of disks, but you'll be paying money for quality your 1541 cannot use.
The capacity of a disk has definite
in the drive. The special commands on page 9 are sent by typing them (while the 1541 is connected), then pressing the return key. Program Loading
limits. You can put up to 144 programs
Chapter 3 of the manual holds a
on one disk, as long as they occupy fewer than 174,848 bytes. As soon as
wealth of information, but you may
that number of bytes is recorded, that
have a hard lime digging it out. To make the digging easier, we'll take top
disk is full, even if only a few programs
ics in a different sequence and explain
are on it. If you attempt to save a pro
some things that the manual doesn't.
gram that exceeds either limit, the 1541
First, lei's look at the programs on a
will send you an error message.
prerecorded disk—the VIC 1541 Test/
Unpacking and Connecting
Demo disk that comes with your 1541.
Chapter 2 of the manual does a good job of explaining how to unpack and connect the drive, but it contains a few
errors and omissions, mostly connect ed with the LEDs (light emitting di odes) on the 1541's front panel. The green LED is nothing more than a pilot
0
"1541TEST/DEMO"
13
"HOW TO USE"
ZX
PRO
2A
5
■■HOW PART TWO"
PRG
A
"V1C-20 WEDGE"
PRO
Then press the return key, and you should get a loading message, followed in a few seconds by a Ready prompt. If you get something else, you prob ably have inserted the disk incorrectly.
The red LED on your 1541 will be blinking to indicate that something is wrong. If that happens, check your disk and try the Load again. Once "$" has loaded properly, list it and notice that it looks nothing like a normal Basic program; it should look
something like Fig. 1. The items in the directory have the following meanings. The zero at the start of the top line shows that
this
is a directory
from
drive 0. If you had a dual drive like the 4040 or 8050, one of the drives would
be numbered 0, and the other would be numbered 1; this first character would differentiate their directories. The reverse field name inside quotes on the top line is the disk's name, which was assigned when the disk was set up for a Commodore drive. Like
1
"C-W WEDGE"
PRG
light; it's on whenever there's power to
4
-DOS 5.1"
PRG
program names, this one can have a
the drive. The red LED has two pur
II
"COPY/ALL1'
PRG
maximum of 16 characters.
poses: it goes on whenever data is being
9
■'PRINTER TEST"
PRG
4
"DISK ADDR CHANGE"
PRG
4
"D1R"
PRG
f.
-VIEW BAM"
PRG
The ZX on the top line is this disk's two-character ID, which was estab lished at the time the disk was named.
4
"CHECK DISK"
PRG
14
"DISPLAY T&S"
PRG
9
"PERFORMANCE TEST"
PRG
5
"SEQUENTIAL FILE"
PRG
13
"RANDOM FILE-
PRG
558
BLOCKS FREE.
read from or written to the disk, and it
flashes whenever a disk error has oc curred. (We'll talk about disk errors later on.)
When reading or writing, the red LED works in conjunction with the disk drive motor, as you can hear if you listen carefully. The motor of ten starts a second or so before the red LED comes on, and continues to run for a moment after the red LED goes off.
that's another misprint. Never remove
disk.
The 2A that ends the top line in dicates the Disk Operating System (DOS) version under which this disk was named. If you don't know what
If you followed the instructions in chapter 2,
your computer and disk
drive should both be on, awaiting your next command. Following page 8's in
structions for inserting the disk, put the Test/Demo disk into your drive
is on. You should make both of these
and close the door.
As it comes from the factory, Test/
to LEDs. If you have a master power
Demo has several programs recorded on it, along with a directory. In fact,
switch that turns all your equipment on
every disk gets a directory as part of
at once, you can disregard the instruc
setting it up to work on a Commodore
Two other corrections do not apply
tion about turning the computer on
drive. The directory tells what, if any
last. It's there to insure that all periph
thing, is recorded on the disk, and
erals are on during the computer's power up cycle, which takes a second
reading it is an important and frequent operation.
The directory can be loaded into
or so to run. If the 1541 goes on at the same time as the computer, everything
memory and listed, just like a Basic
will be fine. Finally, change the word
program. To load a directory from
"seitch"
disk, type LOAD, followed by a dollar
at the
top
90 / HUN February 1984
of page 9 to
signing the same ID to more than one
directory.
or insert a disk when the red LED light corrections on page 8.
independent ways of identifying it. Un like the name, the ID is recorded many times on the disk and is intimately in volved in the 1541 's operations. As much as possible, you should avoid as
Fig. 1 . Screen display of the Test/Demo disk
The manual incorrectly states that
the green LED blinks during power up; it's really the red one that blinks. The manual also cautions against removing a disk when the green LED is on, and
A disk's name and ID are completely
that means, don't worry—you can get along fine for now without knowing.
The next lines in the directory con tain information about the 15 pro grams recorded on the disk. The num ber at the start of each line is the num ber of "blocks" a given program occu
pies on the disk, and it is a rough in dicator of the program's length. You can see that How to Use is a much longer program than C-64 Wedge.
Program names, lfi characters maxi mum, appear in quotes following the block indicators. The letters PRG fol lowing the program name indicate that the material recorded is a program, as
opposed to a data file. Different let ters, such as SEQ or REL, are used to indicate data files of different types.
VIDEO INSTRUCTION TAPES! STEP BY STEP
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j
Strictly speaking, what we have called
home
that, when covered with tape, prevents any writing to the disk.) If you try
names, since, to the 1541, a program is
work. For your convenience, the in
writing to a protected disk, the red
just another type of file.
structions from the How to Use pro
LED will start to flash, indicating an
grams are outlined
error condition.
program names should be called
file
As you use your directories in the fu
final programs on the disk. That
finishes
our
loading
in Table
1,
and
Saving a Basic program to a format
ture, you'll see thai new programs add ed to a disk don't always appear at the
listings of some of them appear in Appendix C of the manual. Now we're
ted disk is simplicity itself. All you do
end of the directory, but that they're
ready to save things onto the disk.
is enter
Saving Onto the Disk
SAVE "xxxx" ,8
sometimes
inserted
in
the
middle.
That's because the 1541 puts programs wherever it finds disk space, which can
When you bring a blank disk home
be anywhere on the disk. The directory
from the store, it is completely blank.
where xxxx
is the desired program
name. As with Load, there are fine
Before it can be used, it musl be given a
points 10 be understood, and these are
The bottom line of llic direelory tells
name and two-character ID, and some of its space must be set aside for a di
place
how many blocks of storage remain on
rectory. This activity is often called
ihis disk. As programs are added, this
formatting the disk, and it is done by entering a series of keyboard commands.
lists them in whatever order it
finds
them, which is sometimes confusing.
number will decrease, and as they are
These commands are described on
erased, it will increase.
To find the names of the programs recorded on any disk, you load and list iis directory, jusl as we have done for the Test/Demo disk. The next step is usually to load one of those programs by entering
Print# and
New.
These
descriptions
where xxxx is the name of the desired program, typed in ail caps. There arc some useful shortcuts
in
loading
fine points programs
from disk, and they are covered nicely in your manual. Now read the first four pages of chapter 3 to learn about
them. Stop when you gel to the Save command at the bottom of page 12,
since we have work to do before gelling into saving; then return to this article. Now that you've read about loading programs from disk, lei's do it. The Test/Demo disk contains over a dozen
two programs on the disk contain brief instructions for using the others. First, load the program named How to
Use
by
entering
the
command
L0AD"H*",8. (If you read the manu
al, you know about using an asterisk to activate the pattern-matching option.)
Now run the program and read the descriptions of the others, but don't load any of them at this time. When
you press the space bar, be sure to re lease it quickly, or its repeating ac tion
will
skip
past
some
important
information. When you get to the end of the pro
gram,
the command
LOAD"HOW
PART TWO",8 will be on the same
line as the cursor. Press the return key to execute it, and watch the red LED
on your disk drive while listening for the motorâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;they'll do just what we said they would. Now run ihe program
you just loaded and read about the 92 / RUN February 1984
pages
12
and
13
of
the
disk. But disk recording is much more
reliable than cassette recording, so Verify is much less often used with disks. Verify is explained on page 13 of Ihe manual.
blank disk by inserting it into the 1541 and then entering OPEN15,8,15,
Other Disk Commands The
OPEN15,8,15
command
you
be
used when formatting a disk has more
named BILLY, and its ID will be BS. If
to it than meets the eye. Channel 15 is
you have a blank disk, try formatting it
the so-called command channel or er
right now. Then load and list iis direc
ror channel, and it can be used for sending many different commands to the 1541. You open it by entering OPEN n,8,l5, where n, the logical
The
disk
thus
formatted
will
tory to prove your accomplishment.
Since formatting involves writing to the disk, the write-protect notch must not be covered when you attempt it.
file number, is any number from I to
(The write-protect notch is the W-inch
127. Most people make n= 15 to avoid
square cutout in the edge of the disk
confusion.
Table I. Instructions from the How to
drives are connected to ihe same com
Use programs on the Test/Demo disk.
puter.
It is necessary first to change
the device number of one drive from 8
disk utility programs that are likely to be useful to you in the future. The first
on
manual. The Verify command, so useful with the Datassctte, also is available for
make it clear that you can format a
"NEWO:BILLY,BS".
LOAD"xxxx",8
and
pages 14 and 15 in chapter 4 of the manual, under the headings Open and
covered under Save and Save and Re
Disk Instructions
to 9, by using ihe Disk ADDR Change
Additional commands are available that allow you to type short instructions to the disk drive. Load and run the VIC-20 Wedge if you have a VIC; use the C-64 Wedge if you have a Commo
Load and run the Disk ADDR Change program, following the
program.
dore 64.
To load a program, you will now be able to type a backslash, followed by
the program name. The / means load from disk
drive.
For example,
type
prompts; then proceed to load and run
Copy/All. This will let you copy from unit 8, drive 0 (the unchanged drive) to unit 9, drive 0 (the drive just changed). The disk you are copying to must not
have the write-protect notch covered, and it is a good idea to put a piece of tape over the write-protect notch on the
/MILEAGE to load a program called
disk to be copied.
Mileage. Type > or @ to display the current er
Printer Test
ror status. Type >$ or @$ to display the directory without
erasing ihe current
program.
Copy/All Program
The Copy/All program, written by Jim Butteriield, can be used to copy files from one drive to another if the
The Printer Test prints a listing of the characters in a formal that allows easy checking of the mechanical and elec tronic capabilities of the printer. View BAM The View BAM program allows a programmer to examine the contents of
The command channel can be closed in many different ways, some of them
errors, write errors, syntax errors and more. If you're interested, now is the
Yours may have them with slightly dif ferent names, but they are probablj
quite subtle, and closing it unintention
time lo leaf through Appendix B and
there.
ally can make you think your computer
see them all.
has gone haywire. The
Basic state
ments Close, CLR, New and Run will close ihe command channel, as will adding or deleting any Basic program lines. No doubt there are other ways too. The poinl is thai an open channel
Whenever the red LED is bunking, information about (he error that caused
name, then pressing the return key.
In fact, lhat channel is sometimes called
The program name need not be enclosed in quotes, and the asterisk or ques tion mark can be used in the normal
ihe error channel. By writing and run
should be prepared for that lo happen. When a command channel is open,
sented on page 18 of your manual, in
close
unexpectedly,
and
you
commands are sent (o the 1541 by en
the section entitled Reading the Error
tering PRINT#15,xxxx, where xxxx is
Channel.
the command in question. (If the chan
nel has been opened with a logical file number other than 15, that number, rather than 15, needs to follow the Print* command.)
Most of the commands consist of a word or its abbreviation, some punctu ation and some other parameters. The
commands of greatest interest lo be ginners are Scratch, to erase a program
typing a slash mark and the program
it is available on the command channel.
ning a short program, you can read the error information, which is often use ful in diagnosis. The details are pre
can
Once you load and run the wedge, you can load other programs just by
Once the red LED starts blinking, it
continues until the error channel is read
manner to abbreviate it. The wedge lets you read the error channel just by typing > or @, and then pressing the return key. If you follow
either symbol with a dollar sign, the directory will be displayed on the screen without disturbing any program
or until some other event terminates the
already in memory. Also, either sym
error condition. Typically, such events are turning the computer off and back
using the command channel, with no
on,
loading a program from disk or
loading
the
disk's
directory
into
memory.
bol will take the place of PRINT* in need for opening the channel itself! You can read about the wedge under DOS Support Program on page 14 of the manual and in the output from the
The Wedge
How to Use program. Some versions also
of the wedge have more commands
called the "wedge," is one of the most
than arc listed in the book. Covering them all here is beyond our scope, but
of some interest. These commands and
useful, but also most poorly docu mented, programs in all of Commo
more are explained on pages 16-18 of
dore land. Us purpose is to eliminale
the manual.
many of the keystrokes usually needed
from the disk, and Rename, to give a program a new name.
Initialize and Validate may also be
Errors and Error Messages
The
DOS
support
program,
if you ask a more experienced 1541 user, he or she may be able lo fill you in. Most experienced disk drive users
to work with disk drives, and it serves
use the wedge extensively and seldom
that purpose well. Your Test/Demo
try the longer commands. You can do
disk probably contains a wedge for
this too, if you wish. We saved the
biink your red LED are listed in Ap
your computer. On my disk there are
wedge until the end of our slory, main
pendix B of the manual. There arc read
twoâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;VIC 20 Wedge and C-64 Wedge.
ly so you'd get a good understanding
The many error conditions that can
of 1541 operations before taking short cuts, and also because not every 1541
the sectors that make up the block availability map, or BAM. The BAM is
the table that the DOS uses to identify the blocks that have been allocated lo
the files on that disk. Display T & S
The Display T & S program allows a programmer to examine the contents of a block
by specifying the
particular
track and sector numbers that identify
owner has a copy of the wedge for his
PART TWO",8.
machine.
By the way, the origin of the term
Performance Test
The Performance Test program allows you to test the electronic and me
chanical capabilities of the disk drive whenever necessary. Use this program whenever you suspect that there may be
The Check Disk program can be used
grams. They also illustrate the impor
channel after each access to the disk drive.
The
Because of their size. Sequential File
and
and Random File both require the 3K
allocate any bad blocks in the BAM to
expansion cartridge to load properly on
prevent them from being used by the DOS at a later time. Press the return key to load part two.
the V1C-20. The DOS
After it loads, type RUN,
loaded instead from the C-64 Wedge
return
key
and
type
identify
press the
LOAD"HOW
the
program,
while
authority that both of those are wrong.
tant technique of checking the error
will
evoke
sic interpreter. But I have it on good
been headered is in fact a good disk. The program writes to every block to verify its ability to store information. also
to
Sequential File and Random File
to make sure that a new disk that has
program
used
others say it comes from the way new commands are "wedged" into the Ba
gramming examples that you can use as guidelines when writing your own pro
Check Disk
say the unusual name comes from the shape of the "greater than" symbol
damage to the drive.
These two disks are included as pro
that block.
wedge is shrouded in mystery. Some
5.1
program is not in
tended to be loaded directly, program.
but is
Like so many computer words, this one is an acronym.
Why the word
wedge? We Experts Don't Give Expla nations! Now that you've seen all the elemen tary
1541
operations and
have
read
chapters 1-4 of the user's manual, you should
have a pretty good grip on
working with your new disk drive. As we hinted earlier, though, you've just scratched the surface of all the 1541 's capabilities. Chapters 5-9 of the manual hold the
keys to the rest of the things you can do. After you've worked with
your
1541 for a while, you might want lo dig into them and see what you can use. IE! RUN February 1984 / 93
Triple Power Play Octal—Decimal—Hex Are you a programmer who's all thumbs when it comes to manipulating number bases? You'll never make an error with
this triple play combinationhex to octal to decimal. All you need are a pocket calculator and some numbers to Held.
5 Else repeat step 2.
can't find your conversion tables and
Hex to Decimal (See Example 2)
you don't have a Tl or HP program mer's calculator. All you have is your
The technique is identical to the octal conversion, with the exception that you multiply by 16 rather than by 8. Also,
kid's
$4.98
four-function
calculator.
Can this cheap little machine really be used For hex conversion? Yes, with just a few simple operations, you can quick ly and easily convert hex and octal to
decimal and vice versa. The conversion methods take longer to explain than to do.
By Neal D. Atkins
digits.
You're working on a super new pro
gram and you realize you must find the decimal equivalent of C37F hex. You
Octal to Decimal (See Example 1) STEP 1 Enter [he left-most digit. 2 Multiply by 8.
when keying in hex letters A-F, you en ter their decimal equivalents. If you don't remember them, you can refer to
Table 2. Decimal to Octal (See Example 3) Conversion from decimal to octal in volves division by 8 and then writing down the remainder. When performing this operation on a calculator, the re mainder is displayed as a decimal frac
3 Add the next digit to the total.
tion. Table 1 shows the decimal frac tions you can get when dividing by 8,
4 Stop if there are no more
with the equivalent
number of 8ths
shown in the "octal" column. Again, Example 1: convert 7236 octal into decimal Operation
the method lakes longer to explain than to perform.
STEP 1 Enter the decimal number to
Display
be convened. 7x8
Answer:
2 Divide by 8. 3 Using the fractional portion of the result, find the corre
56
+2
58
x8
464
+ 3
467
x8
3736
+6
3742
sponding remainder in 8ths
from Table 1. Write down this digit (to the left of any
7236 octal = 3742 decimal
Example 3: convert 3742 decimal into octal From
Example 2: decimal
Convert
Operation
Address author correspondence to Neal D. Atkins, Mount Sinai Medical Cen ter, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140. 94 / RUN February 1984
Answer:
C37F hex
into
Display
12x16
192
+
3
195
xl6
3120
+
7
3127
x 16
50032
+ 15
50O47
C37F hex = 50O47 decimal
Operation
Display
3742-^8
467.750
-.750
Table 1
.750—
467.000
+a
58.375
-.375
58.000
+8
7.250
-.250
7.000
+ 8
0.875
Answer: 3742 decimal
.375—
.250-1
•
■
72; 6 oci< il
■
digits written from previous steps). 4 Subtract the fractional por tion from the result of step 2. 5 Stop when the integer por tion becomes zero. 6 Else go to step 2 and repeat
any method, certain calculators will not
do chained operations. If this is the case, you must press the equals key after entering an operation. Whether or not your calculator performs chained oper ations can easily be determined by en tering the following:
the process.
8 + 1x2+
18
If you don't come up with 18, then try:
Decimal to Hex (See Example 4) The conversion from decimal to hex is identical to the conversion of decimal to octal, with the exceptions that you divide by 16 and look up the remainders in Table 2. The elegance of these methods is in their simplicity. Even if you don't have Tables 1 and 2, as long as you have a
calculator on hand, you can do these conversions. The tables can quickly be generated by dividing every integer from 1 to 7 by 8 for the octal table, and every integer from 1 to 15 by 16 for the hex table.
One word of caution: When using
8+l=x2 +
If this gives the correct result of 18, then
50047^16
- .9375
3127.9375
Decimal to Binary (See Example 5)
values for each digit of 7236:
The easiest method for converting decimal to binary is first to convert the number to octal or hex; then write down the binary pattern of 0s and Is for each digit. If you can't remember the binary patterns, they can be found in Tables 1 and 2.
To go from binary to decimal, start at the right and separate the binary digits
into groups of three. Using Table 1,
Fraction
195.4375
- .4375
195.0000
-.1875 -16
1
3127.0000
+ 16
+ 16
.9375
12.1875
.4375â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
.1875-1
12.0000 0.7500
Answer: 50047 decimal
.7500^ â&#x2013; C37F hex
First convert 3742 to octal, getting 7236 (Example 3). Then, substitute the binary
hex
Display Table 2
into binary
press the equals key after each addition.
Example 4: Convert 5004' decimal inio
Operation
Example 5: convert 3742 decimal
18
write down each octal equivalent. Then,
From
using your calculator, apply the method for octal to decimal conversion. Now that you have learned these sim ple techniques, you can find that decimal equivalent you were searching for and finish your super program. SI
Octal
Binary
.000
0
.125
1
000 001
.250
2
010
.375
3
011
.500 .625
4
100
101
.750
5 6
.875
7
111
no
Table I. Decimal fractions from '/, to
ytl with their octal anc binary digit equivalents.
7
111
2
3
010
Oil
6 no
ocial binarv
Fraction
Hex
Dec.
Binary
.0000
0
0
0000
.0625 .1250
1
1
0001
2
2
0010
.1875
3
3
0011
.2500
4
4
0100
.3125
5
0101
.3750 .4375
6
5 6
7
7
0111
.5000
8
8
1000
.5625
9
9
1001
.6250
A
10
1010
.6875
B
11
1011
.7500
C
12
1100
.8125
D
1101
.8750
E
13 14
.9375
F
15
1111
0110
1110
Table 2. Decimal fractions from V,t to "At, with their hexadecimal, deci mal and binary digit equivalents.
The RUN Advertising Department can now
be reached at our
new toll free number
1-800-441-4403 RUN February 1984 / 95
Tips You'll Never Forget
Your unexpanded VIC-20 may have a belter memory than
you imagine. Try these tips to
Your VIC-20 is a great litlie com
your program calls for changes in vol
that word
ume, then you can type
"little."
The
unexpanded
VIC-20, ostensibly with 5K of memory, actually has only 3583 bytes that you
make that little 3.5K go farther.
can use tor programs and data. The rest of the memory is used by (he Basic op-
By Joseph H. Leonard
You will (hen save four bytes every time you set the volume. In general, if
doesn't seem to be much room left.
you plan
plain how you can condense programs
to squeeze more Basic statements into a small space. This article will explain how the VIC-20 stores its dala internally
additional seven bytes needed by the VIC to store a "header" that contains
Normally, data is stored either as a
constant or as a variable. An example is 10 POKE36878.15, where 36878 is
information about the variable V. Variable Types Variable V is a floating-point num ber. All header information is stored
right after the end of the last line in your Basic program. This area's loca tion will vary, depending on the size of
your program. You can find where it is
the memory location that controls the
by typing PRINT PEEK(46)*256 + PEEK(45). These 7 bytes are described
sound volume, and 15 is the loudncss
in Table 1.
of the sound. The value 36878 is con stant, whereas the 15 might vary in
The first character of (he variabie V has an ASCII value of 86 (see (he user's manual, p. 146). There is no second character. The rest of the number fits
your program, depending on the loud-
ness desired. When you type 10 POKE36878,15 as
into the remaining bytes. Byte 5 is the
a Basic statement, you will need 13 bytes of memory. The line number and internal link (sec p. 120 of VIC-20 Pro
binary exponcm plus 129. The first bil of byte 4 holds the sign (0= positive; l = negative). Therefore, 14 bytes are
grammer's Reference Guide) lake four bytes. The word Poke is tokenized into
for line 10.
a 1-byte symbol, and the numbers and the comma take eight bytes.
If you set the volume only once in your program, it will not pay to use a
96 / RUN Fehruary 1084
Adding line 10 as above takes some
Data Storage
needed to do calculations.
Burlingame, CA 94010.
a variable. But this is a very imprecise rule.
take seven bytes. But there will be an
screen, some is held by the program lo help it make decisions, and other data is
Joseph H. Leonard, 1220 Mills Ave.,
many
ing data to save space.
may be used to display messages on the
to
use any constam
bytes, too. The line number and link take four bytes and the V = 36878 will
Data comes in many forms. Basically
correspondence
to
times, it is a good idea to replace it with
and will offer some suggestions on us
there are three types: strings, integers and floating-point numbers. Some data
author
10 V = 36878 20POKHV.1S
crating system and the screen. There
Many articles have appeared that ex
Address
variable to save memory. However, if
puter. The only problem seems to be
used to hold the floating-point variable
At times, you may wish to use an in teger variable instead of a floating point variable. You cannot use a value
greater than 255, so memory location
36878 cannot be an integer. Bui you could make the volume an integer by
Byte
typing
7
1st character of variable name
10V = 36878:V% = 15
6
2nd character of variable name binary exponent + 129 mantissa in packed Binary Coded Decimal mantissa in packed Binary Coded Decimal
20 POKEV.W*
5
A header of seven bytes will still be
4
needed. Integer data is stored as shown
3
in Table 2.
2
Even though bytes 3, 2 and 1 arc not used, they will always contain zeros; so you still need seven bytes for the head
Decimal
Description
mantissa in packed Binary Coded Decimal mantissa in packed Binary Coded Decimal
1
Hex
86
56
0
00
144 16
90 10
14
0E
0
00
0
00
Table 1. Header information for floating-point variable V.
er. 1 have read elsewhere that you can
save space by using integers, because they take only four bytes, while float
ing-point numbers need seven. This is not true. They both lake up seven bytes. In fact, you will lose one byte in your program lines for each ^o you have! It is not always necessary to use in teger or floating-point numbers for data. Strings can be used, and they take up less space in some cases. For example, if your first program were
Byte
Description
Decimal
Hex
D6
7
1st character of variable name + 128
214
6
2nd character of variable name + 128
128
80
5
high order of number in binary
00
00
4 3
low order of number in binary
15
OF
not used
0
00
2
not used
0
00
1
not used
0
00
written
Table 2. Header information for integer variable V.
= "36878" 20POKEVAL(VS),15
then you'd have a different
program begins at location 4097 and
arrange
ment of data storage. Line 10 will require 14 bytes. There
are four bytes in the line number and link. Then you have ten bytes for the rest of the line. You will still need a 7-byte header. (See Table 3.) Note what has happened. The string is stored in memory location 4105
ends at 4127 (PRINT PEEK(46)*256
A void integers and
strings as numbers. Use floating-point variables for constants.
+ PEEK(45)), you can see that the data is stored inside the program itself. So which method do you use? To save
bytes
of memory,
you
should
avoid integers, as they cost one byte for
every "!o you type. You should also avoid strings when (hey represent num
bers, as you need two bytes for the "
(PRINT 16*256 + 9). Since the Basic
plus one byte for each $. Use a float ing-point variable for a constant often employed.
Byte
Description
7
1st character of variable name 2nd character of variable name + 128
Hex
86
56
128
80
number of characters in string low order address where string is stored
5
05
9
09
3 2
high order address where string is stored
16
10
not used
0
00
1
not used
0
00
6 5
4
â&#x2013;
Decimal
Oilier Space Savers If you have a lot of variables and data in a program, you don't have to define them all in one program. Divide your program in two. Program One de fines the variables; Program Two uses them. Program One
Table 3. Header information for a string variable.
10 V = 36878
20 LOAD Program Two
Byte
Description -
Decimal
Hex
10POKEV.15
7
1st character of variable name
67
43
6
2nd character of variable name + 128
128
80
Program One defines variable V as the location for the volume. Then it
5
number of characters in string low order address where string is stored
10
0A
calls and runs Program Two, which
4
241
Fl
3
high order address where string is stored
2 1
29
ID
turns on the volume. You'll save the 11 bytes it takes to define V. (This will
not used
0
not used
0
00 00
only work, of course, if Program Two is not greater than Program One!)
Table 4. Header information for example of improper use of string variable, result in}; in excess use of memory.
You can save even more memory by
asking the user for the value of a vari able in Program One and then putting it in a "safe" place where Program RUN February 1984 / 97
Two can use i(. For example.
appear as soon as you load the next
Program One Old
program.) Program Two
10 INPUT"HOW MANY PLAYERS";AS:A =
VAL(AS)
IOA = PEEK{251)
This line lakes 46 byles. There are four bytes in the line number and link. INPUT lakes one byte. The words lake 18 byles. AS requires iwo bytes in the
data into an arrayâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;we are trying to
program,
save memory.)
then
seven
bytes
for
Another technique is to store data on cassette lape. Then, as you need the
data, read ii from tape. (Don't read the
a
header. The : needs one byte. The variable A takes one byte plus a 7-byte header. Add six bytes for the rest.
These tips will
You would probably need 46 bytes
for each question. Then think of the bytes you need for instructions. Let's
save you memory,
words CITY,STATE, but by using C$, you're going to take 18 bytes more. (See Table 4.) The string is being stored in location 7665 (PRINT 29*256+241). This is not in the program area. So, in addi
tion lo the memory byles line 20 is tak ing (16 plus a 7-byte header), you have 10 more bytes of memory used at 7665.
This is now 33 bytes. It would be better to rewrite this program as 10 AS = "CITY":B$ = "STATE1' 30 PRtNTAS'VBS
not make your
pull all this into our new Program One.
programs run
Program One New 10 PRINT-Instriielions
Read one line of in
structions and display il on the screen;
This program is trying to print the
faster.
"
then read another, display it, and so on.
20 INPUT"HOW MANY PLAYERS";A5:A =
You could even store data and
screen images on lape. When you are using string variables,
VAL(AS) 30POKE25I.A
you musl be careful not to concatenate
40 LOAD
them in ihc wrong way. If you do,
you'll lose a lol of memory space.
Memory locations 251 lo 255 are "safe" locations. Anything put there will slay there. (Don't use Ihc cassette
IDAS' "OTV'sBS-"STATE" 20 C$ iAI+"," + BS 30PRINTCJ
buffer locations, as all data will dis
You need five more bytes in line 30,
but you save 33 bytes elsewhere. Summary
To
sum
up,
you
can
gain
more
memory in your unexpanded VIC-20 by a careful analysis of the type of data structure you are using and where you
are storing it, by employing more than one program and by avoiding improp
er
string
manipulation.
These
tech
niques won't make your programs run faster or help you to understand the
logic involved, but they will save you memory.
SI
Orclc 1/2 on Reader Somca card.
Well back you up! ATTENTION COMMODORE 64 OWNERS If you own a disk drive then you'll need "The
'My only
Clone Machine". Take control of your 1541 with this package that includes:
copy
gone!"
1.) Complete and thorough users manual
2.) Copy with one or two drives 3.) Investigate and "PROTECTED" disks
back-up
many
4.) Copy all file types including relative types 5.) Edit and view track/block in Hex or ASCII
6.) Display full contents oi directory and print 7.) Change program names, add, delete files with single keystroke 8.) Easy disk initialization
9.) Supports up to tour drives
Special intro S39.95 P.O. Box 113
CALL (201) 838 9027 * 98 / RUN February 1984
Pompton Plains, N.J. 07444
nd Yoar Child on the
Fiction, Fantasy, and Computer Adventure for the Commodore 64
ainbow Quest will take your child on a space adventure of the future. The planet Rainbow is a faraway land of ancient and mysterious cities, mazes, and puzzling events for young readers to discover. Rain bow Quest by Richard Ramella is a book-and-cassette adventure for the Commodore 64. Children read and play along as Molly and Sam meet pirates, robots, and strange creatures as they make their way across the planet Rainbow. To reach their goal, they must survive on their own and face the challenges they meet along the way. Readers will help Molly and Sam fin> their way through dark and confusing mazes, solve word and number puzzles, and conquer invaders in arcade-style games.
Each obstacle they meet is a program,
on the Rainbow Quest cassette, ready to load and run. Rainbow Quest has 25 programs in
all. Book and cassette are sold together in a protective storage
binder with complete instructions.
Each Rainbow Quest package for the Commodore 64 is $24.97. To order Rainbow Quest, call tollfree for credit card orders, 1-800-258-5473. (In New
Hampshire, call 924-9471.)
Or mail your order with payment
or complete credit card information to; Wnyne Green Inc., Attn. Book Sales, Peterborough, NH 03458. ainbow Quest by Richard Rnmella Illustrated by Coni Porter ISBN 0-38006-069-7 BK7401 7 by 9 book, cassette of 25 programs sofrcover, spiral-bound, 128 pp.
Color my child's imagination! Send me .
copies of Rainbow Quest for the
Commodore 64 (BK7401) at $24.97 per package. {Include $2.00 per package for shipping and handling.) d Payment Enclosed â&#x2013;Ą MasterCard â&#x2013;Ą VISA
Software
D AMEX
Signature
adapted to Commodore (A by Ouy Wright
Circle JBO an Reader Service card
Sate Wayne Orrcn Rooks, Piinlxwough, NH OMSS
Zip 342B3Q
RUN Februaiy 1U84 / 99
Disk Master Revisited What's more aggravating than having a disk full of infor mation but not being able to readily access your files? Get
back in control with this program that shows you what files you've got and where. By Robert Baker
Disk Master is a program designed to catalog a number of disks lo form a large master directory on a single disk.
The program automatically reads the directory blocks of any desired disk and writes a condensed directory file on [he master directory disk. It also maintains a cross-reference file to record the relationships between disk IDs and disk names. In addition, Disk
Master provides several Utility functions for locating specific files, displaying in dividual directories, listing the disk IDs currently in use, and so on.
The original version of Disk Master for the PET and CBM systems was pub
lished in the June 1982 issue of Micro computing magazine. 1 have modified
this version for the Commodore 64 to run with a single VIC-1541 disk drive, but
it
still
provides
all
the
original
features. Using the Program
To use the program, you first format
100 / RUN February 19S4
you press any key on the keyboard. The program will display the disk ID and name as read from the disk and
then wait for verification that the cor rect disk was actually inserted. If N is entered,
the
program
will
wait
for
another disk to be inserted. After a Y response, the program will proceed to read the disk directory and son the file names found into alphabetical order. If the disk ID has already been cata
logued, but with a different disk name, a warning message will be displayed. You then can either abort or continue the catalog update function. If everything is OK, the program will ask you lo insert the master directory disk back in the
drive and press any key when ready. Disk
Master will then
update the
sert another disk to be catalogued. If you enter Q when the program is
you must always place the master direc
Atco, NJ08004.
sert the disk you want catalogued. Then
move the master directory disk and in
For the program to function properly,
Address author correspondence to Robert W. Baker, 15 Windsor Drive,
ter directory disk from the drive and in
insert the disk in the drive and run the
files on the master directory disk.
Commodore printer optional
1â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Update master directory. When you seleci this function, you remove (he mas
on the disk. Once this is done, simply
will create and maintain all necessary
1540, 1541, or other disk drive
Function Details
master directory and the cross-reference
That's all there is to it. Disk Master
Commodore 64
scribe the other functions in detail.
a blank disk to become the master direc tory disk. Then, for convenience, copy the Disk Master program as the first file
program.
RUN It Right
gram and return you to Basic. I'll de
tory disk in the drive when Disk Master is started. I'd suggest that you not pul any other programs on this disk, since the program assumes that the entire disk is available for storing directories.
Whenever the program is run, a menu identifies the five major functions available. To perform a specific func
tion, simply enter the indicated number. Entering zero will terminate the pro
file. Once this is completed, you can re
waiting for a disk to be inserted and cat
alogued, the program will terminate the update function and return to the master function menu. However, be fore redisplaying the master menu, the program will remind you to make sure the master directory disk is inserted in
the drive, and it will wait for any key to be pressed before processing. You can easily catalog any number of disks by merely inserting them one after another, but always in alternation with the master directory disk to save the cat alog information. If a disk baa already
been catalogued, the new directory will simply replace the older entry to update
IDs consisting of the numbers 0-9 and
the master directory. 2—Delete disk entry from master. This
function allows you to remove a partic ular disk completely from the master di rectory. It performs all necessary house
keeping by
deleting the
appropriate
data file and the disk entry in the cross-
The handiest feature
of Disk Master indicates on what disks
reference list of disk IDs and names. This should be the only method used
character
ID
for the
corresponding
disk.
The disk to be deleted is identified by its disk ID or by its name. A crossreference of disk IDs and names exists so that you can specify cither. To enter the disk name instead of the ID, press the return key alone for the disk ID and
then enter the desired disk name. You can even use an asterisk at the end of the disk name to indicate character-matching on the characters entered. The program will display a disk name and ID, then check to see if they arc correct. If the response is N, and you
used
an
asterisk
for character-
matching, the next ID entry in the crossreference list will be displayed. This lets you search quickly for the desired disk if you can't remember the
ID or full disk name. If you enter only an asterisk for the disk name, the pro gram will automatically step through
the entire list of disks until you indicate the correct one is found.
Pressing the return key alone for the disk name will end the function and return you to the master function menu. If you enter a disk ID or name that does not exist in the master directory, an er
Typing 2: displays or prints in alphabet
can be found.
the next key you hit is Q, the directory will be aborted and you can select an
other disk lo display. Hitting the return key for both the ID and disk name will terminate the function and return you to the master function selection menu. 4—Find specified file. This is probably the handiest feature of Disk Master, but
it can be slow with the VIC 1541 disk when a large number of disks have been catalogued. This function provides a method of finding all copies of a partic
ular file and indicates what disks they can be found on.
Again, you can use character-match
ing when entering the filename by add ing a trailing asterisk, but at least one
character must precede it. If an asterisk is not used, then the filename must match exactly to be displayed or printed. Otherwise, if the specified number of characters match, the file will be included in the list. For example, you can lisl all files that start with the
Entering return alone for the file name will return the program to the master menu. While the list of files is being generated, hitting any key will
found, the disk directory displayed or printed will indicate: • the disk name, ID and format
• the number of blocks free • each file on the disk, with the number of blocks in the file and the file type • the total number of files on the disk
While the directory is being displayed or printed, hitting any key will suspend
the operation until another key is hit. If
Typing 4: displays or prints a list of all catalogued disks, showing the ID and name and the number of free blocks on each. The program allows you to specify the minimum number of free blocks a disk must have to be included in the list.
This lets you, for instance, indicate that you want a list of all disks with at least 100 free blocks. The default value is zero, so every disk currently cata logued will be listed if you don't change the value displayed.
Typing 5: similar to Typing 4, except that it asks you to specify a maximum
number of free blocks for a particular disk to be included in the list. This al lows you, for example, to call for a list
•If ,«; ..-ii
1 I-:L4»!<I1
39 1
1
suspend the operation until another key
DM
Ml : NBLBH
00
RSSEriBL.EPt4
BOOT flLL
PGh
CR09SREF64
F-OH
do*
:■. i
POM
DOS
UED0ES4
POrt
EDITORS^
is pressed. If the next key you hit is Q,
5—List disk IDs and names. This func tion provides various lists of IDs and names for the disks currently catalogued. It displays another menu to select the
specific disk must be identified by its ID or name in the same manner as in the delete function. Once the correct disk is
ing disk names. This lisl is printed in al phabetical order, as per the disk IDs.
DISK*.
another disk ID or name.
any disk that has been catalogued. The
Typing 3: displays or prints a list of all IDs in use, along with the correspond
word DISK by entering the filename
the operation will be terminated and
3—Display selected directory. This func
ly in use. Only the IDs are given, along with an indication of the total number of IDs catalogued.
ror message will be displayed. Simply press any key to continue; then enter
tion displays or prints the directory of
Commodore printers. ical order a quick list of ail IDs current
directory. Do no! try to delete the data
are named by "DIR." plus the two-
probably not print correctly with non-
a particular file
to remove an entry from the master
file on the master directory disk manually. The individual directory Tiles
the letters A-Z in any combination. It's intended to be used as a check sheet when you assign new IDs. This chart uses the PET graphics, so it'll
P0I1
4
HlL0liriERe4
4
LCiL0ft0ER64
]7
iiotiiropieeec
I?
dtwiToR«caea
pfcri PCiM
POH
you can enter another file to be sought.
Fig. /. Sample directory listing for a specific disk.
desired list. While any list is being dis played or printed, hitting any key will suspend the operation until another key is pressed.
If you enter Q, the operation will be aborted, and control will return to the
ft* RBSEEMBLERS4
ee
CM
ftM.EMBLEP-
flMOKI
C4
C6-1
STARTER KIT
ftp RON
el 4
the list selection will return you to the
FDD
31 81
Cb4 ilftftTER KIT H1SC HI
master function menu. The various lists
WJSErtBLER. 2
HI
HSSEttBLER.4
fll ES rift
list-select ion menu. Entering zero for
provided are as follows.
Typing 1: prints a chart showing all disk IDs currently in use and catalogued. This is about a two-page list, and you must
use a Commodore printer. It shows all
THSLE
*PHCRISf1
GEM
flLLDEti RBflBLY LKH&
Ml-iC • ! ft4SEM6l.EE
nWfiMBLER EASV
MAO
«1
Kl
SCRIPT
ftPTICLES
Fig. 2. Sample listing: finding all files starting with A RUN Fehmary 1984 / 101
of all disks with no more than 10 free blocks. An arbitrary default value has been preset at 99. If you enter a new number with a single-digit value, be sure to clear the last digit of the default 99
a normal sequential file.
value.
erating system ROMs. By using the disk command channel (channel 15) for all disk commands, the program is actually
The Program
The key to Disk Master's operation is its ability to read any disk's directory blocks as a sequential data file. This is normally not documented in Commo dore manuals, but it can easily be done as shown in line 440 of the program. Simpiy open a file by the name of $0 as
This
eliminates
most
Once the directory is opened as a file, compatibility
problems, since the system will always
handle the directory blocks in the same way, regardless of the C-64 or disk op
totally
compatible
PET/CBM
and
with
C-64
all
current
systems
with
single disk drives.
When you delete a file, the only thing
that happens is that the file-type flag is set to a value of 128 as shown in the chart. The information is actually still on the disk, but you normally can't get toil. Looking at the program listing for
Disk Master, lines 400-840 are used to
C64 C64
64
RSSEMBLER STRRTER KIT
SI fll
MISC
CP
CONSULTING
ES
ERSV
Fc
PP
SPRVTEBVTER MflG RRTICLES PETPOURRI COLU
VC
VISICRLC
■--
proper format and to check for pre
vious entries in the master directory. Lines 850-970 then sort the directory'
ttl
RSSEMBLER
MR
read the directory information in the
entries and write a condensed director.'
#1
on the master directory disk when it's
PRO,T
reinserted.
SCRIPT
This
Fig. 3. Sample listing: disk IDs and
condensed
directory
contains
the disk format and total number of free blocks, followed by the individual directory entries. Each file entry con sists of a one-byte file type, the 16-chaiacter filename, and two bytes indicating the number of blocks in the file.
Thus, the original 30-byte directory
names.
entry is condensed to a 19-byte directory
226
Rl
&<5>S
CP
365 226
FS
232
PP
C64 fi^.EMBLEk flSSENBLER #1
identifies the
type of disk and the disk format. A 1 in dicates the older 2040 DOS 1.0 format disk, while a 65 indicates the newer DOS 2.x 4040, 2031 and VIC-1540/ 1541 formats. The remaining data in the directory header and block availability map (BAM) can then be read and prop
erly decoded to find the disk name and ID, along with specific file information. Some of the older Commodore user materials for the various disk drives in clude several tables that give the exact layout of the directory header, the block availability map (BAM) and the actual directory' blocks. I've condensed some of the information here so you can see
what Disk Master is reading. Just
remember
that
the
program
doesn't see the first two bytes of each disk block when it reads the directory as a sequential data file. The disk control ler will automatically handle the Unking
from block to block for the program, so there's no need to worry about tracks
and sectors. As you can see in Table 1, the disk header
block
is
identical
for
MH6
tion of the first directory block, the DOS format, the disk name and ID,
entry for each file on the disk. Most of
plus the BAM.
the BAM and directory header informa tion is stored in a cross-reference file
The BAM indicates which blocks are used and which are available, using a
that correlates the disk ID with the disk
map with one bit for each block on the
name.
disk. If the bit is set (1), the block is
HRTICLE1
Byte
PETPOURRI COLUMN VIS]CKLC
vc
f'ii;. 4. Sample listing: all disks with a minimum of 200 blocks free.
Contents
Definition
0-1
18,1
Track & sector of first directory block
2
1 65
DOS 1 format on 2040/4040 ASCII "A" for 4040 format and VIC-1540/1541
0
null flag
3
BAM—bit map of available blocks for tracks 1-35
4-143
(4 bytes per track) byte 0 = ^available sectors in track byte 1 = bit map for sectors 0-7 byte 2 = bit map for sectors 8-15
■
byte 3 = bit map for sectors 16-23 ■
i
i
i
.
,
,
i
i
i
in bit maps, 1 = available 0 = unavailable (used) 144-161
■
disk ID
164
160
shifted space
165-166
160,160
shifted spaces on 2040 DOS 1
50,65
ASCII "2A" for 4040 DOS version
167-170
160's
shifted spaces
171-255
0
nulls, unused
■
1
Fig.
disk name padded with shifted spaces
162-163
■
5.
1
.
i
.
1
Sample listing: partial ID
usage chart. 102 / RUN February 1984
the
2040/4040, 2031 and V1C-154O/1541 disks. In ail cases it is stored on track 18, scctorOof the disk. It indicates the loca
CONSULTING PRQJS SPRVTEBVTER
Mfi
■tSQ
the first character read
Table 1. Disk Header Block— Track 18, Sector 0. Block availability map for VIC-1540/1541 and 2040/4040 disks.
NEW!
w,
Dislribuied
City Software City Software Distributors, Inc. 735 W. Wisconsin Ave.
Milwaukee, WI 53233
COH-COOL
and COM-COOL
PLUS guard ore
For infoimalion. •/out nearest dealer at
tracfenwks oJAIEF
la order dlracl. CALL TOa FREE:
cs Commodoie 64 Is re Blurred irndenwk of d lteiJlcs. Lid.
1-800-558-1008
In Wisconsin, ail called 414-291-5125 Dealer And Distributor Inquiries Invited
Circle 109 on Reader Servlca carfl.
/
~
Unlock Your Creativity. Commodore 64 Color Sketch Fad Whether you're six or sixty-six, you can use hifih resolution graphics and color to DOODLE! Use this professional quality graphics tool tn draw up ,1 house plan, sketch a landscape, create a colorful masterpiece or just "doodle." On-line MENUS make DOODLE easy to use; 100% machine lan^ua^e means instant response. With your Commodore 64 and joystick or trackball you can:
• DRAW pictures in your choice of 16 Commodore 64 colors, and PAINT with 8 "brush" sizes.
• SAVE your doodle on a disk. LOAD it in to doodle some more.
• Instant NEGATIVE or MIRROR IMAGE of a doodle. • Instant BOXES, CIRCLES and straight L1NHS anywhere (in your screen. • DUPLICATE, Enlarge, Stretch, Squeeze or Rotate any part of your doodle. • ZOOM in to draw fine detail. • PRINT your doodle on many popular printers.
For infurmaliun. vi'lir nrjtrsl dcjler, or to order direct. CALL TOLL FREE -
1-800-558-1008 Drilt'i jnd DMnbimir Inquiries Invited
^--"
City Software City Software [Distributors, Inc. 735 W. Wisconsin Ave.
Milwaukee, W] 53233
OrnrynKhl l°*3fcy MiikK Rubin « OMMI Uniirnitut. Ci> Tr.lhii-m.irk "' Cuninutlorr EWlnilirt. Ltd
RUN Februaiy 1084 / 103
Circle 2*1 on Header Sorvice corii
available; it is unavailable when the bit is cleared (0).
VtC-20 QUALITY
EXPANSION BOARD
ONLY S3 1.95
UP TO 3 GAMES OR UTILITY CARTRIDGES ■ 3 LARGE SLIDE
SWITCHES
NOT SMALL
DIP SWITCHES
■ RESET BUTTON
NO NEED TO TURN
COMPUTER OFF BETWEEN GAMES
FUSED TO PROTECT VIC • HIGH QUALITY GOLD PLATED EDGE CON
NECTOR AND NICKEL PLATED BOARD. • SOLID RUBBER FEET SUPPORTS BOARD WHEN INSERTING CARTRIDGES. INSTRUCTIONS AND HINTS
MESI
to OMlt H 'AND CHECK ALI Ow J
PO
ADD
BOX
HANDLING
NEW OR
OR MONEY
LEANS
12 00
costagf a
51544
LA BESICJENT5 ADO
LA
7O15I
3% TAX
VH. 20 ISA TMADfMAHK or CBM
INC
Cow
CJlTEGOPY JUGHEDIEHT
-
*UTOUATIC MEASUHFMEMT - THE HEClPE BO* ivin AularriAtiCalrr •*.*'* up or Oo*" the amour) rH ingnKjiorfli .tin nod fln£iifcling lo "0* ".any HnwEn »r>u *o»r
MHivu prtnWJ
directory and
1540 are the combined Commo
dore and E keys, plus the shifted aster isk. The last character is the combined Commodore and X keys. Lines 1040 and 2150 contain 39 dashes or shifted
If you should have any difficulty entering the program or would just rather avoid all the typing, I'll be happy to supply a copy on a VIC-1541 format disk if you'll send me $10 to cover costs.
track & sector of next directory block, track = 0 in las! direc
2-31
file entry #1
34-63
file entry tfl
66-95
file entry #3 file entry #4
130-159
file entry #5
162-191
file entry #6
4200 Shannon Drive
194-223
file entry tfl
Md, residents add baa sales lax
226-255
file entry tfS
THE RECIPE BOX requlrim on« flmh flMvn and
wIM run fln ■ 5X VIGM Cn>nn>r.k>ra M Pieaao a»*ckfy Ssnd ch«kor money Qfd»r for $19 95 10
Aries Marketing Co. P.O. Box 4196
Baltimore, Md. 21205
Table 2. Common Directory Block. First directory block on Track 18, Sector I—for Vic-1540/1541 and 2040/4040 disks.
Circlo 250 «n Hn.i
TAME YOUR PRINTER! TAMER
The graphics characters in lines 1530
Contents
98-127
'dyiUl tn hj^p m |h(j ".|( hwi ifr \jw13 |u lueno^
PAPER
the C-64. The last character is entered by holding down the Commodore key and pressing W.
tory block
Any
COfntJrJitiion of me »b.i»<i
SCR(EN OR PRINTED OUTPUT -
from the master
0-1
t q |g
are the shifted plus sign and asterisk on
asterisks (your choice).
Byte
INGREDIENT - O"
RCClPf 'r* tou anifv pkimi mai vuu rv <B On fi* thai
The graphics characters used to make the disk ID chart in lines 1430 and 1440
than enough for almost anyone.
disk
■A l^ffw j
program.
and
clean up the cross reference list.
THE RECIPE BOX
Lines 220-280 and 1870-2440 are var ious subroutines used by the rest of the
Each of the condensed directories is stored as a separate file on the master directory disk. This means you can cat alog about 140 entries with the VIC-1541 drive. This should be more
are used to display an individual direc tory. Lines 1180-1240 delete a specific
COMMODORE 64
S*
function.
pretty straightforward. Lines 980-1170
VIC-20
SE*RCH
file replacement, using the OPEN@
The rest of the program should be
Circle 2« tin Holder Service curd
SEUHCH B1 tirEGOHI
Each directory block then contains a link to the next directory block, plus specific information for eight Hies. The entry for each file is identical in format, as shown in Table 3. ll contains a flag specifying the file type, a pointer to the first block of the file, the filename pad ded with spaces, the file size and addi tional information for relative files and
Lines 1250-1680 and 2450-2610 per form the various listing functions. Lines 1690-1860 are used to find what disk contains a specific file or group of files.
saves
space
Byte
and
restores order lo your desktop micro-
center. Neatly stores up to 300 pages fan-fold paper and catches printout In a
tray.
k"
0
129 = Sequential file 130 = Program file 131 = User file 1-2
. 4"H *
12"D. His all populir BO column printers. Durable lighl beige finish. Non-mirhing liai. Onl^ 115.95 * S2.00 P/H. Manay back guarantee.
TO ORDER' Sand chack or rvildanti add 6% tales t«i-
mono?
order.
MICROMATE ACCESSORIES
5901 Ouluin SI. Suit* IDS Mlnnaaoolii. MN
104 / RUN February 1084
HN
File type flag: 128 - file deleted
'
^W/^
PAPER TSMERIModilPT S0J3DQI li 12"W
Contents
132 - Relative file track & sector of first block in file
3-18
file name padded with shifted spaces
19-20 21
track & sector of first side sector block for relative file only binary record size for relative files
22-25
unused
26-27
track & sector of replacement file for OPEN@
28-29
number of blocks in file (low byte, high byte)
Table 3. Structure of single directory entries.
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Circle 50 on Reader Service card.
8K in 30 Seconds
TELSTAR 64
(or your VIC 20 or CBM 64
Sophisticated Terminal Communications Cartridge lor liis 64,
■PFO' 10D ODD CP D1 D2 BELL
12:3000
(TELSTAR's SlaUS Line]
10.14:36
Don't settle for less than the besi! • Upload/Download KWIrom disk or tape
• Automatic File Translation.
• Communicates m Industry Standard ASCII. • Real-Time Clock plus Alarm Clock.
■ Line editing capability allows correcting and resending long command lines.
v
□tout ma i.gn eosi ol o tt» io Mere iour D'sgrarrs on
wony voj'iel no lonjf" No* IN™ me BASS1 rne UAB61 comes m a co*iOjeondo'o much much ion* phce
than tie awroattH swlsceea
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Witn mo RABBiTyou con looa and iae en you CBM
daw** on Sn coo™* m ** 53 i3>l
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118 RABBI* ii eon w imun
aoifc Progrom^ wor^i *.im of *iifouT E'oo Momcv. o^d crcviooi fwo aoia fii9 modes BABBIT ii nol only fas! tiui reiioDle
• 9 Quick Read functions.
$39.95
• Menu-driven.
• Similar to our famous STCP Terminal package. • Works with Commodore Modems and supports auto-dialing.
The best feature is the price - only $49.95 (Cartridge and Manual)
Machine Language Monitor Cartridge for the CBM 64
More than 20 commands allow you to access the CBM 64's Microprocessor;
Registers and Memory Contents. Commands include assemble, disassemble, registers, memory, transfer, compare, plus many more.
Someday every CBM 64 owner will need a monilor such as this, Cartridge and Manual - SZ4.95
MAE
NOW THE BEST FOR LESS!
$59.95
For CBM 64. PET, APPLE, and ATARI
s,^ro>es ana comfna-"ai ^heri you go 'rom PET 13 APPLE fc ATARI j C^y«iOen1AiWiTiC'^Edifor-None
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the Assemble', fhsn ^^e Ea ts-'. e
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RUN February 1084 / 105
ZOlfl THEN
970
ND-.VB+V
9
FOR J£ = (B TO NX-l:CS-LEFTS(XS(X),2)iIF DIS<CS THEN 63
GOSUB 2160: IF CS = !IN" THEN IF S£=0 THEN 630
Y=16:COSUB 22fj: DN $=S$ : Y= 2 : GOSUB 230 Y = 2:COSUIS 2 20 : 1)1 $=LEFTS<S$ + " " ,2)
GOSUB 240:VF-V:GOSUB 2> NB=*:FOR Z=1 TO 35:GGSUB Y=3:GQSUIi 2 381; NEXT Z
0PE\'585"S*SRIT:GOSUB27p
COSUE 212#:IF CS-"Q" THEN GOSUB 2390:COTO 290 GOSUB 21^:PSINT1fOK1':OPEM5,8,15t"iCJ":C;OSUn 270
EN
750
76(S
2]50
IS
INVALID *•*":
CUJ1RE.NT DISK CANNOT BE CATALOGED'"■ p
T
PRINT"BEFOEE ATTEMPTING TO CATALOG THIS
DISK.":PRIN
810 PRINT" PLEASE VERIFY OR CHECK DISK CONTESTS":PRINT
RIKT:PRIhJT:PKINT
PHINTjPRIXT"
RKS:GOSUB
DISK BAM
PRlSfT HC5;SPC(6):KVS;1ts^s
«4((l
790
NF<155THEN
TF
780
770
D$U)FSS$CHRS() U)$S():NFNF+J Z=Z+I:Z=Z-(IMTCZ/a)*8>;IF Z>0 THEN Y=2:G0SUB ^
FOR ¥=NF TO X STEP-1:D$(Y+1)=D$<Y):NEXT V
X = NF+t:GOT0
760
740 750
1M
FS=CS:Y=2:G0SQH 230:Y=]6:GOSUB 220 : Y=9:GOSUB 230 G0SU& 2^0:SS-SS + C;HKS(V):GOSUB 240:IF FT=(J) THEN IF -VF=0 THEN 740 FOR X=l TO NF:IF LEFT$<S$,16) < MIDj(BSfX),2,161 TH
GOSUB 24(J:FT=V
730 NEXT X
0 720
690
DF$=."
230
!fF=0:Z=4
THEN
GOSUB
VF=1
220:DF$=SS:Y=89
IF
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GOSUB
651?
NAME"
GOSHB 2150:PRIHT"READING DIRECTORY EMKU'S
PRIST HC$;"CATALOGING DISK WITH KEW DISK
970
030
620
21
PRINT"CATALOG THIS DISK"; :GOSL'B 2190:IF CS="H" THEN
PRIMTNCATALOGING THIS DISK WILL DELETE THE" PRINT:PRINTMPREVIOUS DATA!":GOSUB 2 I3tf
:HIDS(XS(X),3):GOSUR
590
NAME:
PRINT:PRINT"DISK
5S0
IF DISOCS THEN NEXT X:GOTO 630 IF BN$=MID$(X$(X),3) THEN G3(i 550 PRIJfT HC$;KVS;"*** WARNING ***r';RF$;" THIS DISk IU : ":RV$;DI$;RKS PRI\T:PRIHT"D1SK NAME: ";RV$;DK$ PRIKT:PRINT'rIS ALL READY CATALOGED WITH A DIFFERED
530
51p
A9<p
0 430
I t'lmx torttiiuetl
IF NX=0 THEN
DIRECTORY
91$
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IF SS=0 THEN 680 CLOSK 5: GOSUB 239i();G0SUB 21 50: PRINT"UPDATING MASTER
A
290,980
";DU;SPC(6
";IVN$: PRIMT#4
11S0 119G
1I6U 1170
H5y
1140
1130
1120
1110
1070
1(350
FT=H1
KT=I32
IF
IF
V
GQSUH 1S7$:OM V GOTO
PRINT IICSj"TO DELETE DISK
CLOSE 4:CLOSE 5;G0TO 9Sp
'
FROM MASTER DIRECTORY"
IF PD-3 TIEEJJ GOSl'B 21 .r;fl]: GOSl' B * 2 1 1 i
SS=0 THEN 1060 PRU'T#4:PRI\T#4,RVS j"#F1LES: M*RFS •" "-NF
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IF CS = (IQ11 THE\ 1171?
PRINTI4 f "REL"
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PRINTS , "SEQ"; PRIKT#4, MPGM"
PRIWT#4:GET C5:IF «<>"" THEN GOSUB 212<B
THF.N
THEN'
FT-129 THEN KT=13(J THEN
EF IF
[Mm
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!«ii0 prints"::ttll
ID:";RF$:11
"jRVSj'-DISK KAME: ";RF$;Tl
102C PRINTS, RV$;"D1SK FORMAT :"; RFS ;" "DF$:PRINT#4 Ifi30 PRINTS, RVS;r'BLOCKS FR EE : " ; RFS ; " " jiiB:PRIKT*4
1010
PRINTS,"
FS,NB:GOSUB 27fl>
99Ci OPEN 5,ar51SS4-M±S)Rri:G0SUB 270:GOS[J[3 2074: INPUTS D
V GOTO
97© CLOSK 5fGOSUB 2290:GOTO A00 98(5 PRIM HC$;"TO DISPLAY DISK DIRECTORY11 :GOSUB
j- / |fj t J i |j A 1
958 PRINTS, DFS;M,";XB:CRS;:GOSUB 270 96(J IF NF>(Jl THEN FOR X=l TO NF:PRINT#5,D$(X);Cfi$; :GOS1IB
940 COSUB 203(t:PRIKT#15,"S"+S$:OREN 5,8,5,SS+"vSfW":G0S
X=NX HX-NX+1
930 XS(X)-DI$+J>N5:CK=]
91* S2»
9(JU FOR Y = NX-1 TO X STEP-J j XS( Y+l >-X$(Y) -.NEXT Y:GOTO 92
tf IF Dr5=C$ THEM 930 890 NEXT £:G0T0 910
0S
870 FOR X = » TO NX-i:CS = LEFTS(XS(X}^):IF DIS < C5 THEN
)
830 GOSUB 215fl:GOSUB 2lliP:GOT0
1180
XSCX) = X$(X-hl)
X:NX=NX-1:GOTO
THEN
NX-1:IF
THEN
CX
T
SPC(5);"2
-
QUICK
OF
TD1S
IN
DESIRED FUNCTION:
";RV$;"MAX"•RFS;"
X^58
"; THEN
X=65
THEN C$:IF
C$<>""
S
E
THEM
PKIMT#4,CHRS(166);:2~Z+1iGOTO
V:PRINT#4,CHRS(221):rfET
SS=C$
NEXT
IF
CS=CHR$CX)+CHR$(Y):S5=LEFT${XS(Z),2)
1480
W]1P
FOR Y=48 TO 9fi:IF Y=58 THEN V=65 PRlN*Ti*4ICHRS(22i);:lF Z=NX THEN 150*
MD
U60
147©
U
";
FREE
A
G
BLOC
COS
PRINTS," [SHFT +]fSHFT »][SIIFT +][SHFT *]ESHFT +] [SHFT *][SHKT +1JSHFT *J|SIIFT +J[SHFT «][SHFT +]|S HFT «][SHFT +][SHFT »][SHFT + ] [ SHFT *][SflFT + J [ SH F T *][SHFT +][SHFT *][SHFT + ][ SHFT 3}[SEJFT +][SHFT [SHFT ^JtSHF'T +MSHFT *J[SHFT +](SHFT »][SHFT +J[S HFT ■*] [SHFT + ]| SILFT -]|SHFT +]{SHFT *||SHFT +][SHF T *JlSfiFT +j [SHFT *J[5HFT +1[SHFT *]|SHFT +][SHFT *][SEJFT +][SHFT *][SHFT +][SHFT *][SHFT + ]f SHFT *] [SHFT *][SHFT +1"; PRlXTs4, "[ SHFT «1(SHFT +]|SHFT &)[SHFT 4-][SHFT *][ SHFT +J[SHFT *|[SHFT + ] [ S1IKT *][SHKT +]JSHKT ft ] [ CO
90:IF
TO
FOR
X=48
K T " PRINT04,"
A
E C H PRINT#4:
ID
PRINTS," " ;CHRS(X); :NEXT X:PRINT#4 1420 Z=1?:FOR X=48 TO 90:1F X=5S THEN X^65
141ft
1400
1390
137?1 OPEN 4,4 1380 PRIHTl4,1ltlSPC(l'));RVS;11
DISK
V = VAL(C5) : IF V<1 OR ¥>5 TEJF.N 1340 1360 PRINT C$:ON V GOTO 1370,155p,162ft,2450,
1
USE":PKINT
DISK ID'S & NAMES":PRINT ";RVS;VEIN";RF$;" FREE BLOC
LIST
GOSUB 2 I 20 :1F C5='T' THEN 290
1330 GOSUB 2t.!i():PRlNT"ESTER
1300 PRINT SPC(5);"3 - LIST 1310 PRINT SPC{5);"4 - LIST KS PER DISK":PRIST 1320 PRINT SPC(5);"5 - LIST KS PER DISK"
1 290) PRINT
1260 1270
CLOSE 4:G0SUB 2140 PRINT SP'C(5);1l0 - RETURN TO MAIN FUNCTION MENU":PR INT 1280 PRINT SPC{5);"1 - PRINT FULL ID USEAGE CHART11 : PR IN
290
LEFT$(X$(X),2)=DI$
1240 GOSUB 2290-GOTO 29$ 1256 IF NX=0 THEN GOSUB 1880:GOTO
NEXT
CX
IF
1230
=1
PRIWTjsI 15 , "S"+S$ CX = 0:HOR X = {f) TO
1226
121(3
canriaueti
* J [ COMD
PR1NT#4,Z:RVS;"DTS1CS 0
#4
IN
X=0 TO S.X-
X
Pf>=4
THEN
1260
1780
FIND
GOSUH
WHAT
212p
FS="." F$="**n
THEN THEN1
3)
FOR
Z=<jf TO
NAME
ID
FS
<
DNS:
REH
270
THEM
2
SPACES
f-A
LEFT$(S$,V) THEN
LEFTS(SS,V)
<-
1710 ...DISK
PRIHT*4(S$j"
L840
GOSUS 26(B: V=16:G0SUU 22ip: Y=3: GOSUB 230 IF FS =
TS
NAME..*
"jDH;"
";
5 , 8 t 5 , SS+ " , S , R" : EF- 1 =>: GOSCB 2 7 $): I N PUT^5,DFSTNH:G0SUB
IF
FILE
WX-1:DI$»LEFT$(XS<Z),2):DN$=MID${X$(Z),
PRIKT#41S$:PRINT*4
PHINT#4,KVJ;"...FILK .":PRINT#4
A
."; CL5 ; CL$ ; C.L$ ;: INPUT F$ : 290 PRINT: PR IKT"RE-" ;: GOTO
FILE NAME
HC$;"TO
SS»FS:COSUB 2040: V-Y : GOSUB 20"^
IF [F
PRIKT"ENTER
CLOSE 4;FR1NT ON":PRINT
DISK(S)
( LEFTS(X$< X ) f 2); "
UOSUH 2]5^:GOSUB 2 1 1 0:GOTO 1260 IF NX = p THEN GOSUB IS80:GOTO 290
IF
NEXT
GET CS:1F C$C>"" THEN IF CS=1'Q" THEN 1260
KOR
":PRIK
167
PHTNT
";
DI RECTORY" :GOTO
...DISK NAME
MASTER
THEN
X = 0 TO NX- 1 : 1JK IKTtfi t LEFT$(X$(X) , 2) ; "
Z=Z+1:IF Z-IKT(Z/V)*V THEN PRTNT04 NEXT X:PRINT#4:PRI}JT#4:IF Z<>INT<Z/V)*V
PD=4
V=12:IF
V=25
*][CO
ID'S CUR
EJfSHF'T
Z=0:FOR
THEN
PRIMT#4:PR1NT#4
1770 GOSUB 2030iOPE>;
1750
174fl
173!J
172(4
17 1*
169(6
1664 1670
1650
1640
# ] [ COMD
COSUB 2p7fliPf!lM#AtptMSPC(7);l1lCTRL 9JDISK RENTLY IN USB"
E|[SHFT
1620 COSUB 2fr7f):PRIflT#4,RV$;nID
1610
1580
1570
El [SHFT
MD X]":GOTO 126^
COMD
IF C$OIIQ" THEN NEXT X PRINTS/1 [COMD E)[SHFT *][COMD E ] [ SH FT 3 ] [ COHD E] [SHFT ffUCOHD E][S1IFT * ] j COMD E][SHFT * ] | COHD El[S HFT *][COMD E][SHFT sJ|COMD EJ[SUFT «][COMD H)[SHF I -MfCOMD E II SHFT • J | COMD E]lSHFT # J [ COHD F. J [ SHFT [SHFT *J[COMD E][5BFT fi][COMD E][SHFT *][COMD R ][S HFT »][COHD E]fSHFT »] (COHD EJfSHFT *-][COHD E][SHF T *][COMD EJ[SHFT «][COMD Ej(SHF"T * ] [ COMD E|( SHFT *J[COMD E][SHFT « | [ COMD E][S1IFT • ] [ COMD H)[S1IFT s] [SHFT ft][COHD El"; PR1NT*4 , fl[ SHFT »][COMD E][SHFT * ] [ COMD EJ[SHFT *][
NX>0 THEN
IH90
"ENTKR
DISK
ID
X
T
FS
1990
GOSUB 2 I 6«t; IF CS="N" THEN V = 2:RETURX GOTO 203© PKINT:FR[NT"ENTER DISK NAME .";CLS;CL$;CLS;:INPU
:GOTO 2000
19 "50 THEN NEXT
,";CL5;CLS;CLS;:INPUT
DI$=LFFT*(DI$+" ir,2J:IF DT$ = ". " THEN FOR X=© TO NX-l:lF Dl$<>LGFT$(X$(X),2)
DI 3
PRIKT;PR[NT
PKtST HtS;HVS;nNO ENTRIES";:V=I:GOTO 2^10
V-3:IF
1 7 CJ)qi
IF PD-3 THEM GOSUB 2L5#:G0SlfB 21 L0
GOTO
1 70p
212fl>
):RETURN
GET CS:IK
2120
IICS;
";RVS;1IDISK
PRINT HCS;RV$;f'DISf(
223*
ERROR" ; R F$ ; " WHILE
"-
INPUTfllS.EN.EMS.ET.EStlF EN=tf) THEN RETURN
CS:RETURN
COSUB 212(f:IF C$O"Y" AND C$<>MN" THEN 22*^
PKINT"CORRECT DISK"; PHIKT11 {Y/N) ? ";
PRINT "
221$ 222?)
2190 22(/>ffl
21 70 2i8fl)
2160
ID:";KK^;"
PRINT HC$;SPC(9);RVS;"D I S K M A S T E R" -, —":RETURN PRINT IIC$;RV$;"DISK NAME: " ; RFJ ; " ";DNS:PRINT
214$
2150 PRINTiPRINT"
RETURN
";DI$:GOSUB 215*
2I90:GO
213(5
2120
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"
PD=6
THEN
T][FN
PD=3
C$="" THE^
PRINT"DEPRESS
21 ! J}
A,PD:tF
RETURN
OPEN
P»=3:IF CS = "Y"
2150
2 100
2090
208©
SUB
SPACES J " F 16) : RETURN PRINTED COPY";:GOSUB
IF H1GHTSC F$, 1 )="*" THEN Y = I.KNC FS )-l : F$=LCFT$C F*, Y
FS-LEFTS(F$,16)
C$="\H THEN
Y=L6:FS = LT-I-T$(F$+Ml 16 2070 GOSUB 215^:PRINT"WAM
2(050
203(&
196$ 197(/l
IF F$ = '\" THEN V-J : RETURN GOSUB 2(J£0:FOR X = 0 TO NX-1:JF Y^tJ THEN 2020 198* IF F$=MH)S(XS(TO,3,n THEN 2020 19 90 NHXT X I'RlMTrPRlJJT RV$ ; "NOT" ; : V= 2 20 1 0 PRINT" IN MASTER DIRECTORY!":GOSUB 2L50:GOTO 2110 202$ DN$=HlDS(X$(X),3):DIS = LEFT5(KS{X),2):GOSt]B 216$: IF
ly^ift
1940
19 31ft
192(4
1910
189(5
lBBfl
I860 1 a 7tf)
la'iiJ
GET CS:IF C$OIM1 THEN GOSUB 182|D IF CS="Q" THEH CLOSE 5:GOTO IH30 IF SS=0 THEN 1780 ia4cii CLOSE =3 !JKEJ£T Z
Latins uuifinii
KN;EMS;ET;ES
KREF.THMP,S,W":GOSUB 2220
5;CL0SE
15;PRINT"INSERT
HCS;
4;CLOSE
MASTER
I5;END
BISK":PR I NT:GOSUB
PRINT:
PRINT:
MINIMUM
OF
FREE
BLOCKS"
fj" ; CL5 ; CLS ; CL5 ; : I NPU
NUMBER
PRINT"TO flK. DISPLAYED
IICS;"ESTKK
1'RI.VT RVS ; " 1 NCORRECT DISK!":GOSUB 215^:GOTO
211
5:PRINTlCI5r"S#:DISK DIR XRF.F" 15,"R0:DISK DIR XREF=#:DIR XREF.TEMP":GOSUB
OPEN 1 5,8,L5IvHlH:G0SUfl 270 PRINTS I5/rC(p:DIKK MASTER=*:D1SK MASTER" INPUT*/ 15, KM: IF EiV = 63 THEN RETURN
CLOSE
CLOSE PRINT
RETURN
2220
REFERENC
X R KF" : RETURN
CROSS
$ TO XX-1:PRINT#5,XS(X);CRJ;:GOSUB 2220:NKXT
-S,5,"0:D FK
DIR
DIRECTORY
p THEN PRIVT*1 I5,"S0;DTSK L^(riS0:DIR XREF.TEMP"
:PR INT
FILK.":
ABORTED!": GOTO 238^1
REFKREKCE
^5 90 2&0O 26lp
257U 25S0
2560
255IJ
1260
(VF = 1)
AND ;
;
DNS C$ :IF
CS<>""
THEN IF C$- "Q" THEN 1260 NEXT X :GOTO 167fl
GET
ID
f..DISK
NA
THEN
2 590
2 7 0 : IN PUT ff 5 , D
GOSUfl
212p
SPACE£]"+STR$(NB),7)•SPC(5);Dl$
(KIJ>Y)
2 59*5
5 ,8, r>,M0:!][ K.lt+DIS + H,S,K":GOSUli
PRIMTff*,RIGHTS("[7
IF
FREE
X=O TO NX-l:l)[S = LEKTS(XS(X)I2):l>K$>=MIDS(K$CX)i
FS,NH: GOSUB 270;CLOSE 5 IF (VF ^P) AMD (XIKY> THEN
OPEN
3)
THEN
2070:PRlNT#4fRV$;n<iftlLS:S
Y»»
ME*..+ ":PRTKT44
GOSUH
2Si0 FOR
253^
VF=1
252Q
ss
Y=VAUS$):IF
2 510
: INPUT
T S$: MEM - DKFAULT=0 2470 ■Y = VA1,( SS):IF SS<>"0" AND Y-ft THEN 1260 2 4 80 OTO 2530 2&9C PRINT HCS;"ESTER MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FKEE BLOCKS" 25(D0 PRINT: I'RINT"TO BE DISPLAYED 99" ; CLS ; CLS ; CLS ; CL$ ;
2460
2i59
"*?
243A
2410 2420
2iOlj
2390
237© 238(J
PRINTS
236^
X
V
CLOSE
235C
X=
5
OPEN FOR
233p 23Ap
NX =
PRINTS
IF
E
NEUr"
DIRECTORY CROSS
PRINT: PRINT KVS:"PROGRAH IF CX = $ THEN RETURN GOSUU 2I50:PRINT"UPDATIMC
232?>
231$
229©
228(f
227p
PRINT: PRINT"DISK
226^
PRINT"WRTTING
THEN PRINT"READING"
THEN
CX = (t
CX
IF
IF
225*
Circle 15 on Re»Bor Service ord.
Commodore 64 50*
WE
SERVICE
value ol me SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON we your
computer
thai
allows
you
LOWEST
40-80 COLUMN BOARD $59.00
PRICES
32K RAM EXPANDER $95.00
VIC-20 COMPUTER S69.50 This 25K VICZO compuler mcluOes a lull sue 66
Iwe pack a SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON]
key lypeivriier fcey&oard color and grapnics keys,
wilh every COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER!
id
SAVE OVER SIM nfl software sale prices!' With
DISK DRIVEPR1NTER-MONITOH we sell! |
only S100 ot savings applied, your ne( compuler
This
ccslisJ99.50!!
Irom
you
buy
Proleclo
chase
ONE
coupon
J100 OFF ifie
Commodore 6J
Emerprizes you
SOFTWARE
10
PACK
You pay only 5259.00 when you order the 170K
Dnre1
SOFTWARE
LESS
the value ol
COUPON we pack
Ihs with
SPECIAL your flisk
drive mat allows you lo SAVE OVER $100 olf software sale prices" Wuh only S100 ol savings applied, your nei dish drive cost is S159 00
the
SPECIAL
SOFTWARE
loid
paper,
Impact dot
LESS me value of
COUPON
we
Processor
1 E<ecu1i»eDa1aBHSr
1 20.000 Word Diclioiar, 1 electronic Soreaairmi 1 ACCOuntingBjck
1 Word P'oceiso' lace Dish
You pay only S209.00 wnen you order Ihe Com. slar T'F deluxe line primer that prints 6 M2 x 11
maim, Bi-directional, 80 OPS
LIU
pack
not
pnntor cosl
is
only
Now ypu program 80 COLUMNS on me screen at one lime' Converts your Commodore SA to SO COLUMNS when you plug in the 60 COLUMN
EXPANSION BOARD" Lisl I199SALE 199 PLUS—you also can gel an 80 COLUMN BOARD WORD PROCESSOR with mail merge terminal omulaior,
ELECTRONIC
SPREAD
SHEET
$59 00 SALE 114.95 rf purchased COLUMN BOARD" (Tape or Disk!
wilh
112 00 tieoo 123 00
J59O0 129 95
139 00
179 95
124 95
SpuieOesigrwtMOnki
llJUiyOisfci
11695
111 95
WtainerWarlMTdDt-l Professional Joy SliC"
119 95 124 95
LiCjhiPen DusE Cover
539 95 s 8 95
40
OR
pie to operale, powoiful leil editing wild a 250
complele cursor and
in-
serlfdelele Key controls line and paragraph inser Tings
and
deletion,
oulpul
lo
all
centering,
printers'
115 DO 1
1
I'iOO 1 11500 1 110 00 1 112 00 1
tl'95 11'95 11595 119 95 1 6 9i
margin
set-
Includes
a
powerful mail merge Lisl 199.00 SALE 169.00. 20,000 WORD DICTIONARY ■ List S2J 95 SALE $19.95. EXECUTIVE DATA BASE ■ Lisl 189 00 SALE JS9.00. (Disk only).
or>e
limeh
No
more running
lor programming and
making
columns' Jus! plurj in Iriis Expansion Board and you immediaiefy convert your VIC 20 compiler to JO OR 80 COLUMNS" List 1129 SALE SS9.00.
PROCESSOR wilt) mail merge, terminal emulaiSALE
1 160 1
124.95
il
purchased
with
80
COLUMN
32K RAM EXPANDER S9S.00 This
cartridge
increases
programming
power
over 8 Ilmsi!! Expands lolal memory lo 57K (57.000 Bytes) Block swilches are on ouiside ol cover' Has expansion port" Lisls for % 199 (OUR BEST BUY!)
BOK MEMORY EXPANDER S49.00 Susiol — Switch selectable — Resel Outlon — Riobon cable —
CAROCO
A musl to got the
mosl oul ol your VIC JO Compuler1
112 DO 1
moo 1 116 95 1
EK RAM CARTRIDGE $39.00 Increases programming pands
total
memory
power 2 lo
33K
1/2
limes
(33.000
Ex
byiesl
Memory oroch switches are on outside ot cover1
Write or call lot
Sample SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON!
1
Includes FREE $16 95 game 1GK RAM CARTRIDGE $55.00 Increases programming power 4 times total
The Cadillac of business programs for Commodore 64 Computers Ham InvenEory Uanarjamenl account fimei.jrjip
Aficognlt PjyJMi Payroll General Ledger
rcoue<"> phice us mi
Lilt IOT00
■SALE 159 00 159 00
199 00 199 00
159 00 159 00
199 00
1S9 0Q
199 00
memory
lo
UK
(Jt 000
bytes!
Expands Memory
block switches are an outside cover1 CARDCO
PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS SOFTWARE
80
COLUMNS IN COLOR o: Black and While! Sinr
tion, automatic
1
11200 1
'See orir>f ilems in oi/, car nog'i
puler' The ULTIMATE for PROFESSIONAL Word-
WORD DICTIONARY,
129 00 1
EXECUTIVEQUALITY
80 COLUMNSIN COLOR
DISPLAYS
11995
ai
space
BOARD1 (Tape or D,Sk|
1 1
12195
monitor line
132 00 1
B0
EXECUTIVE WORD PROCESSOR S69.00
application1
16100
IJ4 95
or
or. ELECTRONIC SPREAO SHEET" List 159 00
11'00 1 142 00 1
156 00
14900
129 95
lime
1«95 1
List
Tnis EXECUTIVE WORD PROCESSOR is Ihe finest available for me COMMODORE 64 com processing
119 00
Taoe
| O'lh [ Programmers
real
You can also get an 80 COLUMN BOARD WORD
146 00 1
159 00
Disk
1 Tom LSMI2 6
Medicinemen [Tjpo]
80 COLUMN BOARD S99.00
I69O0
music,
159 00 1 146 00 1
119 95
139 00
tyrjmq Tejcher
your
I2< 95 is') :»■
169 00 159 00
14195
S100 off software sale prices!' Wilh only S100 of applied
:
Coupon 1
S.I.
Taoe
HeioeMDisK] Basic TuloiITarjo/Qislo
savings
189DO
ana
nects loanyTV ormonitor'
oul ol
1 Word Processor
mm your printer mat allows you lo SAVE OVER
1109 00
199 00
169 DO t'995
1 T013I Tc«1 S 6
* TRACTION FRICTION PRINTER S109.00
full size, single sheet, foil or Ian labels etc 40, 66, SO, 132 columns
1
sound
Now you can gel 10 OF) SO COLUMNS on your
COMMODORE64
1 Executive Word
Dasic.
Hoanng poini aecimal. self teaching book, con
40-60 COLUMN BOARD S59.0D
,exampie)
PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE
I Him
* I /OK DISK DRIVE S1S9.00
microsoft
T V
a
(40 programs on disk or 24 programs on 5 lapes).
upperiiowei case, lull screen eailor, 16K level II
S2O0-S30O sav-l
pur. lor
special prico ol 123 95!! Normal price is $19 95
Disk
to SAVE OVERl
you
PRICES !
Computer
qualify
BONUS
allows
SALE
Ingsarepossible!!
SOFTWARE BONUS PACK 129.95 When
so
SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON
• COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER S99.5Q
with
THE
BEST
TRACTION FRICTION PRINTER $109.00
pack
HAVE
THE
17QK DISK DRIVE $159.00 W
S69.
WE
HAVE
You pay only 1199.50 when you o'Oer Ide power. lul 84K COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER' LESS the
(a real computer at the price ol a toy)
SALE
(more power than Apple II at halt ins price)
$99.
VIC-20
COMPUTER AND SOFTWARE
Includes FREE S29 95aOvenluregame"
12" GREEN SCREEN MONITOR J99.00 Exceileni quality GREEN PHOSPHOROUS VIDEO MONITOR with antiglare. 1920 characters (BO characters ■ 24 rows)
Save your TV a musl
for SO column word processors
PLUS 19 95 'or
VIC 20 or Commodores* Caole
12- AMBER SCREEN MONITOR 1119.00
Premium quality AMBER VIDEO MONITOR With antiglare, (30 characters x 24 rows), exceptional ly clear screen, faster scanning
PLUS S9 95 lor
VIC 20 or Commodore 6J Caole
• LOWEST PRICES' 15 DAY FREE TRIAL* 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY
BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. -ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL • OVER 500 PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS
Ada S10.00 lor shipping, handling and insurance. Illinois residents Blease add 6% tax Add $2000 lor CANADA. PUERTO RICO HAWAII
orders WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES
Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check Allow u days tor delivery. 2 to 7 days lor phnne orders, i day niBreas mail1 Canada
orders must be in US dpllars
VISA — MASTERCARD -COD
ENTERPRIZES
liVf lOVEOunCUS'OMEHSl
BOX 550, HARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010 Phone 312/382-5244 to RUN February 1084 / 10!)
Circle 15 on Reads' Seivice carO
® SANYO MONITOR SALE!! 80 Columns x 24 lines Green text display
$7900
East to read - no eye strain Up front brightness control High resolution graphics
Quick start - no preheating Regulated power supply Attractive metal cabinet
9" Data Monitor
UL and FCC approved
• 15 Day Free Trial - 90 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty
9" Screen - Green Text Display
12" Screen-Green Text Display (anti-reflective screen)
$ 79.00
$ 99.00
12" Screen -Amber Text Display (anti-reflective screen) $119.00
14" Screen - Color Monitor (national brand)
.
$249.00
Display Monitors From Sanyo With the need (or computing power growing every day, Sanyo has
stepped in to meet the demand with a whole new line of low cost, high quality data monitors. Designed for commercial and personal com
puter use. All models come with an array of features, including up-
SANYO Official Video Prvducts
ot the Los Angeies 7984 Olympics
front brightness and contrast controls. The capacity 5 x 7 dot characters as the input is 24 lines of characters with up to 80 characters per line.
Equally important, all are built with Sanyo's commitment
to technological excellence. In the world of Audio/Video, Sanyo is synonymous with reliability and performance. And Sanyo quality is reflected in our reputation. Unlike some suppliers, Sanyo designs,
manufactures and tests virtually all the parts that go Into our products, from cameras to stereos. That's an assurance not everybody can give you!
TTSwESTPfllCESOSDAY FREE TRIAL • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY
. RFST SERVICE IN U.S.A. • ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL . OVER 500 PROGRAM_S^_FREECATALOG^ Add *10.00 lor snipping, handllno and Insurance, j I please add 6% tax. Add WO.0O lor CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII orders. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES.
Enclose Casniers Cneck. Monoy Oroer or Personal Chech Allow 14
flays loi delivery. 2 to 7 days to< Dnone orders. 1 day e»press mail Canada orders mjsl be in U S dollars Visa MasterCard -COD 110 / RUN
February 1984
ENTERPRIZES
WE LOVE OUF> CuS'OMEBSl
BOX 550. 8ARHINGTON. ILLINOIS 60010 phona 312/382S244 to ordar
Circle \S on Readar Sc.ice card
FANTASTIC PRINTER SALE as
low
COMSTAR
as
149
00
15 Day Free Trial - 180 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty 80 COLUMN THERMAL PRINTER — 60 CPS
LIST
SALE
$199
$149
$399
$209
$499
$289
$599
$379
$699
$499
$799
$599
Bi-directional, dot matrix, prints 8V letter size paper, full 80 columns, hign resolution graphics, dot bit addressable, special symbols and true decenders!
(Centronics parallel interlace)
80 COLUMN TRACTOR-FRICTION PRINTER - 80 CPS
Bi-directional, dot matrix, impaci. prints single sheets, continuous feed paper,
adjustable columns, 40 to 132 characters! Roll paper adapter S32.95. Centronics parallel interface)
PREMIUM QUALITY 10" CARRIAGE T/F PRINTER — 120 CPS
Bi-directional, impact. 9 x 9 dot matrix with double strike for 18 x 18 dot matrix. High resolution bit image (120 x Ud dot matrix) underlining back spacing, left and right margin settings, true lower decenders. with super and sub scripts. Prints standard, italic, block graphics, special characters, plus 24 of user definable characters and much more!! Prints single sheets, continuous feed and roll paper! (Centronics parallel interface)
PREMIUM QUALITY 15V CARRIAGE PRINTER — 120 CPS Has all the features of the Premium Quality 10" Carriage T^F Printer above plus a
15'/i" carnage and more powerful electronic components to handle large business forms! (Centronics parallel interface)
HIGH SPEED PREMIUM QUALITY T/F 10" PRINTER — 160 CPS Save printing time with these plus leatures: 160 CPS speed. 100% duly cycle. 8K
buffer diverse character fonts special symbols and true decenders, vertical and horizontal tabs. This is Red Hot Efficiency!!! (Serial or Centronics parallel mterfacel
HIGH SPEED PREMIUM QUALITY
T/F 1514" PRINTER - 160 CPS Has all the features of the 10" Carriage high speed printer plus a 15'A" carriage and more powerful electronics to handle larger business forms1 (Serial or Centronics parallel interface)
PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACES: {IN STOCK) • For VIC-20 and COMMODORE 64
$49 00
• For all APPLE COMPUTERS • For ATARI400 and 800 COMPUTERS
$69^)0 S79.00
SALE
SALE
NOTE: Other printer interlaces are available at computer stores' WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA
Enclose Cashiers Chech, Money Order or Personal Chech Allow 14 clays for delivery 2 lo 7 days tor pnone orders. 1 day express mail1 Canada orders must bemUS
and MasterCard We snip COD
dollars We accepl Visa
ENTERPRIZES
-—as
BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010 Phone 312/382-5244 lo order
RUN February 1984 I III
15 on Reader Sorvico card.
, It's time for your computer to grow up.
cardco. Inc.
VIC-20 EXPANDER SALE! LIST
• 8K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER •
(Free $16.95 Game) 16K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER "CARDCO"
SALE
$ 69.95
$39.00
$ 99.00
$55.00
(Free S29.95 Adventure Game)
•
24K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER (Free $29.95 Adventure Game)
$1 59.00
$79.00
•
32K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER
$1 99.00
$95.00
(Expands to total memory to 57K (57,000 bytes) • 3 SLOT "CARDCO" SWITCHABLE EXPANDER BOARD
$ 39.95
$29.00
• 6 SLOT"CARDCO" SWITCHABLE"CARDCO" RIBBON CABLE EXPANDER BOARD (Lifetime warranty)
$ 99.00
$49.00
$1 29.00 s 99.00
$59.00 $49.00
•
40-80 COLUMN BOARD
•
PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE
VIC 20
40-80 COLUMN BOARD
only$5900 Now you can get 40 or 80 Columns on your T V. or monitor at one time! No more running out of line space for programming and making columns. Just
plug in this board and you immediately convert your VIC-20 computer to 40 or 80 columns! Comes in an attractive molded case with instructions! List $129.00 Sale S59.00
,^_^_,
FOR ONLY $24.95 you can gel a 40-80 Column Board "WORD PROCESSOR" with mail merge
and terminal emulator PLUS! AN ELECTRONIC SPREAD SHEET (like Visicalc) the word processor requires 8K—mail merge 16K! List $59.00. Sale $39.90. "If purchased with board only $24.95.{Tape or Disk.) Add S3 00 lor postage Add $6 00 lor CANADA PUERTOflICO HAWAII orders
WE OO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES
Enclose Cashiers Cneck. Money Order or Pe'sonal Chec* Allow 14 days lor delivery. 2 lo 7 days Icr phone orders 1 day excess mail1 CanaOa orders must be in U S dollars We accent Visa anil Master I
Card
Wo ship COO.
I E ENTERPRIZES
WE LOVE OU1 CUSTOMERS!
BOX 550, BARRINGTON. ILLINOIS 60010 Phone 312/382-5244 lo order
15 on Reader Service card
COMMODORE 64
80 COLUMN SCREEN-COLOR PROGRAM SALE $29.95* 80
Free excellent P. D. programs!! • Word Processor
Columni for your64
• Electronic spreadsheet • Da fa Base
•Modem Terminal Program
Now you can program 80 Columns on the screen at one time! "In color or black and white' Get these excellent P. D. Programs Free!
"Word Processor — Spreadsheet — Data Base — Modem Terminal Program"
{Disk Only) List Price $59.00 Sale $39.95 *Coupon Price $29.95 (Disk Only).
COMMODORE 64
FANTASTIC!! PROGRAMMERS AID (Disk Program)
sale $29.95* (likeSimonds Basic)
This is a must for all Programmers, New and Experienced! 33 New Basic Commands! Renumber, Move Sections, Merge Programs, Rename Variables, Trace and Edit Commands to find out exactly where the mistakes are! Easy to use and understand Fantastic!!! List Price S59.95 Sale S39.95 * Coupon Price S29 95
Add S3 00 lor coslage Aaa 56 00 lor CANADA PUERTO RICO HAWAII
'
Enclose Casriiers Check Money Order or Personal Crieck Allow 13
|
orders WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES
flays lor delivery. 2 to 7 days fa; clone O'ders. t day e.cess mail1
Canada orders musl be in II S Collars We accepl Visa and Master Card WtshipC.O.D
|
ENTERPRIZES
(WE tOVEOOB CUSTOM 6RS>
BOX 550, BAHRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/3825244 to order
The Straight A Program With this program, you can be an absent-minded pro fessor and still keep track of your
students' statistics. You can also modify this Oass Roster pro gram to handle other applica
tions involving numerical data.
I find that the most onerous part of
tiresome aspect—reading and grading
the basis of the cutoff information (lowest A, lowest B +, etc.) that you've provided. Cutoffs are also stored with records and weights, and can be revised just as easily.
exams, quizzes, homework and the like—is also the most thoroughly resis-
modate up to 200 individual records. A
my job as a university teacher is keeping track of students'
progress
(or
lack
thereof) in a given course. The most
lant to computer assistance (unless you use
multiple-choice,
machine-graded
tests).
The biggest, fastest mainframe in ex istence can't read or grade a term paper on Shelly's "Ozymandias," a final-
By Norman Levitt
exam essay on the Medici banking sys tem or a calculus problem set. Nonethe
less, the most mechanical aspects of course record keeping can be greatly facilitated by the right sort of program.
The Class Roster program not only enters, stores, and collates class records, but also assigns final letter grades on tlie basis of various inputs—exams, home
adjust for their relative importance. For instance, you may decide that the sec
ond midterm exam should count twice as heavily as the first, the final 1 Vi times as much as the second midterm and the cumulative homework only half as much as the first midterm. The program
obtains values for these weights as in puts and stores them along with the in
dividual record data. You can adjust or revise these weights at any time.
Norman Levitt, Dept. of Mathematics, Rutgers
University,
New
NJ 08903. 114 /RUN R-hrunry 11)84
Brunswick,
You can also extract summaries of data for the class as a whole. Summary
options include statistics (median cumu lative score
and
mean
and standard
deviation), grade distribution (a bar graph showing the number of students awarded each grade) and grade separa within each letter grade category).
In addition to the raw data of test and
Address author correspondence to
copy or on the screen.
tion (high and low cumulative scores
homework scores, the program also takes into account "weights" for the various raw scores; that is, factors by which you can multiply these scores to
Priii[it optional
ords with all data included by a "search" option—again, either in hard
make the results "fair" by whatever standards you choose to apply. The program lets you not only devise, but
Exam Time
C-64; disk drive
rosier option lets you display or print out a complete list of students, together with their cumulative scores to date and their letter grades, if the latter are de sired. You can retrieve individual rec
work, etc.—fed into a formula that will
also modify this formula at will.
RUN It Right
This program is designed to accom
The program also provides for nu merical cutoff points in assigning letter grades. Whatever formula you use cal culates a cumulative score for each indi vidual and then assigns letter grades on
The program runs on a Commodore
64 with a 1541 disk drive or equivalent, and uses any compatible printer inter face for hard-copy output. A printer isn't necessary, however, since all print out routines are optional. Some of the screen displays are multi-colored, but a black-and-white monitor works perfect ly well.
The heart of this program is adapted from Commodore's own Random File mail list example, found on the demo disk that comes with the 1541. The basic Read from Disk and Write to Disk sub routines and the index file system are
pretty much the same. However, the specialized option subroutines included here make this program much more complex, requiring upwards of 20K of RAM available to Basic. Starting Your Homework
This program requires a formatted disk for storage of records and a dif ferent disk for each class. After loading
and running the program, you hit the I
key to get started. When you're lold io Listing I. Class Rosier program.
insert a record disk into the drive, re place the program disk with the disk be
ing used for your files. Then hit S to continue operations.
After asking you if you want letter-
1
REM
2
a em
3
REM
4
REM
5
premature at the beginning of a term),
REM
(>
the program asks whether the record
1
RF.M REM
8
REM
grade computation done (presumably
disk is being used for the first time for this particular class. (Vou can use a disk
9 11
old records; scratching is nol necessary.)
13
12
If this is a first-time use, the program
exams and homework. Since the pro gram, as written,
15 19
'4
handles three mid
term exams, one final and a total home
22
work
24
figure, you will need
five such
weights. These can have any numerical value you choose, but it's advisable to
25 26
select values so that the theoretical max 29 ?><p
three midterms or don't take homework
32
unused items are irrelevant.) When you've assigned the weights, you'll be asked for grade cutoffs, pro viding you've chosen the letter grade as
signment option. grade
means
the
Cutoff for a given lowest
cumulative
score which can earn that grade. As the program is written, the possible letter grades are F, D, C, C+, B, B+ and A—chosen simply because these are the official
grades
ai
Rutgers,
where
1
teach.
If you're updating established rec ords, the flow is similar. You're asked if you want to change the weights and cut offs previously entered. updated
After you've
the weights and cutoffs—or
declined to do so—you go to the roster
routine. The inquiry ROSTER? on the screen asks you whether you want (he class roster displayed. If you decline (by hit ting N), you go to the main job menu. Y gives you the further choice of a scroll ing screen display or a hard-copy print out of the entire roster, after which you hit R to go to the main job menu. If you decline a printout, you start the screen display by hitting D; W will freeze the existing display on tin: screen.
After freezing, or after a display of the entire roster, you hit R to go to the main job menu. The format for the roster dis play is a single line with file number, cumulative score to date, letter grade (if that option was originally elected), last
AND
RFXORDS
LISTING
CONVENTIONS
REM
P0KE53281, 1 :I'KINT"(SHFT CLR !": PK1 M"11 CTRL 1]" PRINT"[CRSR DN]fCRSR DN ] CLASS RL'.iTKR AND KECORDS": PRINT" (WITH GRADE ASSIGNMENT U'TION)" PRINT:PRINT:PRINT;PRINT:PRTNT"II1T GETXS:1FX$O"I" THEN 15
34
36
f
TO BEGIN"
DIMU( 2p0):DTMI$( 200) :DIMHZ( 2000 ):1-'D=0:FX = 5:CH=2:FP=1 :PR1NT"[SHFT PRINT" INSERT
(JI.3][CRSR [)N][CRSR UN J" DISC WITH CLASS RECORDS":PRINT:PRINT:
PRINT:PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
print"! 21
PRINT"
snrr
us ]"
DONE?
TO CONTINUE HIT H"
GETP$:IFP$O"S"TIIF,N25 PRINT" SHFT CLR]":PRrNT"[CRSR DN][CRSR 1)N]|CRSR DN ] [ :INPUT"LETTER GRADE ASSIGNMENT DES1RED";G CRSR DM]" ]
RDS
imum cumulative score for any student is less than 2000. (Tf you plan fewer than into account, then the weights for the
ROSTER
REM i
with old records on it as a new disk, since the program will never "see" the
asks you to double-check (to avoid In advertantly dumping active files) and then asks you to input weights for the
*
CLASS
"10":OPEN2,8,2,"#"
OPEN15.8.15
PRINT"! SHFT CLR )|CRSR DN]|22 SHFT FS PRINT"1NDEX FTLE OPERATION" PRTNT"[22 SHFT DS NEW SHEET? N[CRSR INPUT"1CRSR DN)
RSR
LF]";0$:PRINT
LF][CRSR
LF][C
Mil
37 38
39 40'
IF0$O"Y"THEN36 INPUT"ARE ¥OU SURE";OS
IF0$O"Y"THENPRTNT"( SHFT
43 GOTO220p 45 (JOTOSjJ
CLR] " : GOTO36
46 0PEN5.8,5,"(fl:INDEX.S.R"
47 FORI = lTO20j/(:INJ'UT#5,IS(I}
49
NEXTI:CL0SE5
51
PRINT"[SHFT
50 GOSUB1300 52 PRINT" 54 PRINT"[22 56
58 60
PRINT" PRINT"
62 63
[-CREATE/UPDATE"
4=SUMMARY"
64 PRINT" PRINT
66
INPUT"!
(J = KNI) 1[CRSR
,2,3
F]";OS
68
IFO$ = "0"T]IEN2500
7jS 71
IFOS = "1 IF 0S = ''
72
"
2-DELETE" 3-SEARCH"
PRINT" PRINT"
65
CLR]"
JOB MENU SHFT DS]"
LK]|CRSR
LF][CRSR
L
IFOS = "3"TilKN3^0
74 IFO$O"2"TUO50 76 GOTO200 102 ] gD 3
105 106
REM
»t**«****vi5H-<s*s*f*ss
HEM
*
fj p; h
«innnnnnnns * # a « « e is * »);« s it
MASTER
FILE
CREATE
*
PRINT"[SHFT CLH)[CRSR DN][CRSR PRINT" [SHFT SPACKJMASTER FILE
print"! 2'-)
snrr
107
INPUT"RECORD
108
IF
F=0THEN170
ds]"
NO.
= 0[CRSR
DN II 29 SHFT FS CREATE/UPDATE"
LF|[CRSR
l.l'][CRSR
LF)";F
0 IF F>200 TliE Nl 0 109 1 1(9 GOSUB15j60 160
G0T01^4
Qfan,—t
name and first name.
RUN Februnn' 1984 / 115
Couree Choices
Listing I continued.
1 7(0 OPEN5,8,5,"@0:INDEX,S,W" 175
FORI=1TO200:PRIXT#5,I$(I);CHR$(!3);
185
NEXT:CLOSE5
There are five options on the main job
2H REM
*
21/12
HEM
»##»###■»««■*<ns«#«■»**#»#•
MASTER
FILE
DELKTF.
*
212 214
PRINT" MASTER PK1NT"I 22 SHFT
update,
23© 233 235 240
FILE DELETE" DSj":PKINT
INPUT"RECORD NO. II-T = f5THEK260
= 0[CRSR
LFlfCRSR LF][CRSR
LF]";.
IF F>200THEN220
DN | RECORD
haven't any exam data as yet, you mere ly hit
FILE SEARCH/DISPLAY
304
306
INI'UT"WANT
308
IF F=0 THEN POS="N" IFF>2f(0THEN307
SHFT A
DN][22
When you designate an active File number for create/update, the process
O[CRSR
LF][CRSR
LF][CRSR
LF ]";F
and you're asked whether you do want to update that particular file. If N,
315 IFIS(F)O"1"THEN3^7 325 GOSUBS 1 0JO IF POS="V"
THEN OPEN
342
IF
THEN
PRINT"
";SUR$",
361 362
PRINT"
"ilDS
360
363
365
POS="Y"
CMD
you're once more asked for a file num ber. If Y, you are prompted for each
4,4
piece of information. When all inputs are complete, the new data is written to
4
"GIVS
disk and you are asked for a new file
PR1NT:PRINT
PRINTTEST
PRINT"TEST
1
2
number. Finally, when you're asked for a Hie
"AXA
"IIX1)
number and you return zero, Hie pro gram exits the create/update routine.
372
PRTNT"T]-:ST 3 "CXC I'RINT"FINAL "FF.X PRINT"HOMEWORK "HW
373
t;UM=Wl*AXA+W2*BXB+W3*CXC+WF#FEX+WIIW*-HW
375
PRINT"CUMULAT1VE ";CUM IF CR1)S = "Y"THEN GOSUB IFGRDS="Y"THES PRINT"COURSF.
36 ()
380 381 385
PRIXT"
387
P
The index file on the disk is then up dated and you return to the rosier op tion that, when declined, leads back to GRADE:
the main job menu. The delete option asks you for a file
"GS
": PRINT
386 IFPO$O"Y"THEN390
number. If you input an active number,
the delete process simply changes the in
dex flag for that file number from active
390 COTO307
11^
REM
GRADE
I 1 J&l
I1 02
CUTOFF
1 1 10
:NPUT"LOWEST D
1115
INPl)T"LOWEST
LI 20 1125
INP11T"LOWEST C+ INPUT"[,OWEST B
1135 114B
1NPUT"ISHFT RETURN
1130
IN1'UT"LOWEST
COMP
Returning the prompted zero returns you to the roster option.
C
";LB
B+
" ; LQ
L]OWEST
!
LA
s-» # s- «■ # -s s «■» ?■ «■ n -s -e »191
REM
•
13*3
PRINT"!SHFT
ROSTER
LISTING
*
REM
STER?
(Y
OR
CLR1":PR INT:PR I NT:PRINT:PRINT:PRINT"RO N>"
1305
tIETMS: IFMS = ""TilEN1303
13(17
IFMS = "N'"TI!EN RETURN IFM$ = "Y"THENr1310
1318
other file number to repeat the process.
";LU
REM
1308
to inactive. You are then asked for an
*
1301 1302
1 300
is somewhat different. The information existing in that file appears on the screen
31?> I 340
which
designate a new file number.
PRINTOUT" j POS
=
prompted,
is written to disk and you're asked to
SHFT FS]"
DS]":PRINT
INPUT"RECORD NO.
return when
leaves zero as default value. Once you've input a new file, the information
*
PRIST"[SHFT CLK][CRSR DN][CRSR PRINT" SEARCH "
30 r>
the file number, and you'll be asked for
The ID number can be any character
«■««»»«■»#*#«■#«««*»#«#*###
PRINT"[22
Creating New File appears, along with
string. If you don't use ID numbers or
COTO50
303
to designate1 a file
exam.
NEXT:CLOSE5
*
asks you
test scores for exams 1,2,3 and the final
NO. "F ; "DELETE"
265
R I'M
delete
the last name, first name, ID number,
li'l$(K)<>"l"THEN22« J$(F)='7";PRINT"[CRSR
301 HEM
file,
corded by the file index, the message
250 GOTO22/ 260 OPENr5,8,5,"@0:IN'DEX,S,W" 275
create/update
number from 1 to 200. If the number corresponds to an inactive file, as re
210 PRINT"[SliFT CLK||CRSR DK][CRSR DN ] [ 22 SHKT FS J" 220
menu:
file, search, summary and exit program. The most important option, the create/
GOTO74
DONE)"
based on the current weights and, if the
grade-assignment option was selected when the program was begun, an as
GOTO13S3
PHINT:PRINT:PRINT"HARD COPY
The search option first asks you if you want a hard copy; if so, each Hie you search in this sequence will be fully printed out. You are then asked for a file number. When you designate an ac tive file, you obtain a display or print out of name, ID number, test and homework scores, cumulative score
WANTED?
(PRESS
R WHEN
_-—>
signed Setter grade. Upon completing one display or printout, the program asks for the next file to be searched. Pressing zero returns you to the roster option.
llfi / RUN February 1984
Report Card
Listing I continued.
Upon choosing the summary option,
1311
GETZ$:1FZS=""THEN1311
you will see the screen display WAIT A
1312
IFZ?="N"THEN
MINUTE. The delay is necessary, since the data from all active files is being
1313
IFZ$-"Y"THEN
1314
COTO1311
read and cumulative scores tabulated. This completed, the summary menu ap
pears:
(I)
median,
mean,
standard
deviation; (2) letter grade distribution;
1316 1324 1325 1326 1327
1324
133?
REM
ROSTER":PRINT
PRINT:PRINT:PRINT"D TO DISPLAY PRINT:PRINT"W TO KEEP DISPLAY" PRINT:PRINT"R TO UPDATE GETR$:IFR$O"D"THEN1327 FOR F=1TO2^0 IFIS(F)O"1"THEN1355
FILES
OR
EXIT"
(3) letter grade separation; (0) return to
1330
roster option. Option 1 results in another Wait a
1333
GOSUB5100
1334
CUM=V1»AXA+W2*BXB+W3»CXC+WF*FEX+WHW«HK
Minute message. This is because com putation of the median of an unordered collection of raw figures requires quite a
bit
of
combinatorial
shuffling.
The
screen eventually displays the median, the mean and the standard deviation of
the cumulative scores. Just to remind you, the median is the middle one of a group of scores. If the
1332
1335 1336 1337
1338
1340 1345
1349
1 350
LE$=" " IFGRD$ = "Y"TIIENLE$=G$ IFZ$ = "Y"TliENOPEN4,4:CMD4
IFZS="Y"THENPRINT#4:CLOSE4:COT0135 5
FORZ=1TO300:NEXT
GETE$:IFE$O"W"THEN
1352
IFE$*"W"THEN
total number of scores is even, so that
1355
NEXT
no one is exactly in the middle, then you take the median to be the average of the
1403 IFQ$="R"THEN1405
two scores on either side nearest the middle. The mean, on the other hand, is
just the average of all the scores. Com paring
median
and
mean
(they will
often be quite close) gives you some idea of how the scores are distributed along the scale.
1400
1410
GETQ$:lFQ$O"R"Tlii;.N14fl0 SURS="
":GIVS="
1HHHMS H tt* ft iMHMHt ft « iHt (I iffi «ft ft *
REM
*
REM
<!»»**»»*<nnnt#<nnfit#****(fit»
1502
FILE CHECK
1520
GOSUB5100 PRIN'T"[CTRL
1523
PRINTF"
1524
PRINT"
1525 1526
PRINT"TEST 1 PRINT" FINAL PRINTiPRTNT"
standard deviation gives some measure
of how tightly or loosely the scores are grouped around the mean.
Choosing options 2 or 3 from the summary menu assumes that you ini tially elected letter grade assignments
and that you entered grade cutoffs. Op tion 2 merely displays the total number of grades in each category, A through F. The actual numbers are displayed on
1529
1539
1547
1549
GIVS=CGS
has been included on the assumption
1565
1559 1561 1563
that it's better if the set of cumulative
1567
scores within each letter grade category
1569
any of these three options. If you are unhappy with some aspect
"CXC
"
";1
NUMBER";CI$
IFCI$="ff"THEN1557
1555
Option 3 displays the highest and iowesl existing cumulative scores within each letter grade category. This option
mary menu by hitting R after running
INPUT"!.D.
3
1]"
IFCS$="*"THEN1545 SURS=CSS INPUT"FIRST NAME";CC$ IFCG$="*"THEN1551
1541 1543 1545
1557
Note that you may return to the sum
"AXA,"TEST2 "BXB,"TEST "FEX" HW "HW * TO LEAVE UNCHANGED"
INPUT"GHANGE (Y OR N) IF UN$O"Y"THENRETURN INPUT"SURNAME ";CS$
1537
1553
two out of, say, 600, the grade separa tion option lets you see this immediately.
"GIV$
"IDS
1535
bar graph (A is red, F is black) that visu
stance, the highest C+ in the class dif fers from the lowest B by only a point or
"SUR$"
PRINT " PRINT"[CTRL
1551
is somewhat clearly grouped. If, for in
*
CLR]"
1531 1532
the screen along with a muiti-colored ally summarizes the same information.
UPDATE
3]"
individual
(An
&
151ft IFI$(F)<>"1"THEN160|3
deviation is the difference between an individual score and the mean.) The
deviations.
"
REM
PRINT"[SHFT
individual
":IDS="
RETURN
1521
root of the average of the squares of the
1355
1400
1500
1515
The standard deviation is the square
GOTO
1415
1501
"GIVSCH
PRINTTAli(2)FSPC(3)CUMSPC(2)LE$SPC(3)SURS", R?(13)
1571
INPUT"CHANGE/ENTER IFAZS="»"THEN1563
AXA=VAL(AZS)
1NPUT"CHANGE/ENTER
IF
BZ$-"*"THEN
BXB=VAL(BZ$)
INPUT"CHANGF./ENTER
TEST
2";BZ$
TEST
3";CZ$
IFCZS="«"TFIEN1575 CXC=UAL(CZ$)
1575 1577
INPUT"CHANGE/ENTER IFCFS-"fl"THEN1581
1579
FEX=VAL(CF$)
1581
INPUT"CI1ANGE/ENTER
1583
IFCW$="»"THEN
1585
1";,
1569
1573
1586
TEST
FINAL";CFS
HW";CW$
1586
HW=VAL(CWS)
GOSUB5200
1587
of the cumulative score or letter grade
RUN February 1084 / 117
want to change designations in the various displays from Test and Exam to
Listing 1 continued.
1589 RETURN 1600 I'KINT1 [SHFT CLR]1 :PRINT" 1601 SURS=' ":GI V$ = " ' :IDS=" " 1602 A X A = 0 : BXB=6 :CXC=p :FEX=0:HW=0 1605 PRIKT: PRINT "RECORD £"F:PRINT 161(8
1615
INPUT' LAST
1620
INPUT' FIRST INPUT' I.D.
1625
INPUT'
a
; AXA
1630
INPUT1 TEST
' ;BXB
1635
82 #3
INPUT" TEST INPUT1 FINAL INPUT" HOMEWORK
1650
COSUB52(Sp
1655
I $ ( F ) =•
least readily convertible into numbers.) Perhaps you'll want to change the num homework assignment separately. The
fundamental design of this program will easily accommodate such modifica
;CXC
tions.
;FEX
'
Paper. (Remember, grades on papers
will then have to be numerical, or at
ber of exams, or even record every
";GIVS "; IDS
NAME
H
1645
RECORD"
";SURS
NAME
TEST
1640
CREATING NEW
The same principle holds if you want
;HW
to use other letter grades (A-, B-,
1
1660
RETURN
ip<]i<Jl
HEM
■!S » fttt -iS <S ft it « « « <S -If tt ft !f « ft tt ft it )►
2001
REM
*
OLD
SHEET :
WEIGHT
*
2002
REM
*
AND
CUTOFF
UPDATE
*
2003
REM
ft*-*** =-b*oco SHiSS-I«tS
2005 F-300: GO SUB 5330
etc.) in addition to those already built into the program. Here, however, you may want to make a modification of the grade distribution summary to get a vi sually attractive display. If you have a V1C-20 rather than a C-64, the Basic logic will work easily, provided that you have a large enough memory
expansion
board
(remember
distribution, you can try to rectify the
ties to achieve what you think is an
situation
equitable result.
you need more than 20K of working space). The only Poke statement in the
Modifications
white, and it is trivial to modify this for
by adjusting your formulas
(i.e., by altering the weight factors and
letter grade cutoffs). To do this, simply exit the program through the main job menu, run it again and put in the new weight and cutoff values when asked.
Once you understand the logic of this program, you should be able to modify it for your special needs. For instance, if
Such adjustments are made easily and
you teach a course where papers, rather
rapidly, and you can try many possibili
than exams, are your criteria, you might
Circle 46 on Reader Service card.
Cassettaiog! We describe our games and other products via our
new catalog on a cassette. It contains a FREE GAME and more. One side recorded for the VIC 20, the other for the C-64. Send S3.00 to the address below and on your first order, deduct S3.00.
P.S. You know, this cassettaiog with its free game would make a nice gift for that friend, nephew, niece, aunt, uncle, brother, sister. . . get Several.
1-800-525-2529
nilFEKNP PO. Boj. 156
118 / RUN February 1984
HISS H-v- 6Z. Sdsdy Covt. Oregon S7SJS
program (line 12) sets screen color to
a ViC. However, since a few of the screen displays were devised with the C-64's 40-column screen in mind, you
may have to modify them to look well
ontheVICscreen.
H
Circle 12S on Reader Service card.
Listing I continued.
VIC-IO & C-64
2006 2007 2(008 2011
PRINT#15,"Ul:";C!!;FDsFT;FS
2»12
INPUT#CH,W2
2013
INPUT#CH,W3
PRINT#15,"B-P:";CH;FP
GOSUB5270
INPUT#C!I,WHW
2818
PRlNT"[SliFT
Mf fii
IFK$="Y"THEN207fS
IFK$O"N"THEN2018
livtw
2036 2037 2038 2039 2040
2070
2071
PRINT"[CTRL 3]" PRIM"TEST 1 PRINT"TEST 3
"W1:PRINT"TEST 2 "W3: PRINT'TH AL
PRIN'T"r!OMEWORK
"WHW
"W2 "WF
2080 2081
2083
INPUT"CHANC;E WEICHTS";K5 0 INPUT"TEST 1";W1
INPUT"TEST 2";W2 INPUT"TEST 3";W3 INPUT"FINaL";WF
MTH.Gi II |C|
PRINT"FOR THE FIRST INPUT"OTHERWISE N IF K$="Y"THEN 2085 IFK$O"N"THEN2j!)71 GOTO2 700
TO UPDATE
CUTOFFS
OR
ENT
TIME." ";K$
A«irt|
mil
ini'ut#ch,ld
tr.:r....
Arcana. c*iji?i
" ""-
WE SPECIALIZE IN SOFTWARE, ACCESSORIES
a BOOKS
eon vie so™ & COMMODORE B4'u
Dept. WG P.O. Box 68756 Indlanapdls, IN 46268
ADDRESS
2110
ikput#ch,la
2115
print"|si1ft CLR] ":PRINT"[CTRL PRIM" LOWEST D "LD LOWEST
C C+ B
"LB
LOWEST
B+
"LQ
LOWEST
A
PRIM: PRIM" ":PRINT"[CTRL
2136
IF
IN'PUT"NEW
2141 2142
KS»"N"THEN
1 ]"
RETURN HELPER
CUTOFFS";K$
Fast and easy LD
D
INPUT"NEW LOWEST
B "
LOWEST
2145
INHUT"NEW
2150
GOSUI1
2155
C0TO46 R EM REM *
NEW
KEM
*
WEIGHTS
REM
#####*
income tax preparation.
LC
Form 10J0 ana Scnedulea A,B.C.D,E
C+" LP
LOWEST
2144
2203
Circle 125 on Reader Sorvico card.
46
LOWEST
INPUT"NEW
22<l2
LOWEST
B+"
LQ
A
Ik
2940
Enrer and modrHy rJala on a screen copy of the
LB
farm. Works
like
a
spreatfanael
■
ail
ihe
lines
aflected Cy a change are imslanTly updaEncl Form 1040 arid Schedule A irfl dutum^rically CQiBldted
Pries It tan dcducllbl*. Casaailu
SHEET:
8
S23,
Disc
(53
{*
Jl 50
a
&
h).
Specify VIC 2O(1OK RAM)orC64.
CUTOFFS
Check, MO or croon card.
KSOFT CO.
2204 2205
2210
ZIP MasterCard S Visa Accapied
"LA
LETTER-GRADE
2143
220U) 2201
STATE
3]"
"LC "LP
INPUT"NEW LOWEST C "
tMPUT"NEW
64 □
CITY
LOWEST LOWEST
2140
vie G
NAME
input#ch,lq
INPUT"CKANGE
***"*.*^-^
VIO20
input#ch,lb
2135
»n
z commodore
2106 2108
2130
.
" "■»"
(317) 25J4855
PRINT"
Hi*
:: ;—•-
inputsch.i.c: input#ch,lp
2125
!#•*!,
MS0FTWAMdEAWNGHOUSE
PRINT#15,"U1 :":Cil;FD;FT;FS
PRINT" PRINT" PRINT" PRINT"
tfl ll
■■«—■■
HM
:::
2102
2126
■.*
WRITE OH CALL FOR FREE CATALOG
2100
2123
UTtL
Huge Selection—Fasl Setvico —Low Price
2097
2121 2122
li
ATTENTION OWNERS OF
INPUT"H0MEWORK";WHW GOSUB2840 IFCRD$O"Y"THEN46 PRINT"[SHFT CLR]":PR1NT"Y
PRINTiH5,"B-P:";Cli;FP GOSLJB52 70
2120
ttmt
Circle 23S on Reader Service cud
2085
2090 2095
\W'i HT Ji
PRINT:PRINT"
ER"
2072 2075
H»«^
Hi'
2(129 PRINT"[CTRL 1]" 2035
UT li
CLR]":PRINT
2(62 1 2022 2023
2032
1 ■^■■|i
in r.
INPUT"KEEP WEIGHTS";KS
2320
2030
t*..
>iri4Hi< Vhp 1
IHPUT#CH,WF
2JP28
in.,
'*«*■■■
2015
2024 2(926
ww-ta
U14,
INPUT#CH,W1
2014
2019
SOFTWARE
U45 WELLNER RD
WAPERVILLE,IL 60540
PRINT"[SHKT
(3121B6M2BQ
CLR] «-»
HUN Ffhnwry 1UJM / 119
COSUB5270
INPUTtfCHPl,D
INPOT#CHfLC
2720
2725
2727
OLD
INPUT#CH,LA
2733
2735
F=30^:GOSUB5330 PRINT=15/'B-P:tl;CH;FP
PRIN'TSCH,W1
2843 2845
2851
WEIGHTS
■
PRiNT*CHrV2
PRINTffCH,W3
PRINT^CH,WF
PRISTi?CHrWHU
PRINTfl5,"U2:";CH;FD;FT ; FS GOSUB3270
RETURN
2852
2853
2854
2855
28 60 2865
2670
«*###♦#s**ks***♦•**■#a
TEST
REM
2842
FILE
REM
28A1
*
REM
284$
** *** * * * »■*# » * * *# * ## # *
INPUT^CH.LQ
2731
2740 G0T046
1NPUT#CH,LP
INPUT?CHtLB
2729
2705 F=400:GOSUB5330 2710 PRINT#15,HUl:lr;CH;FD; FT;F3 2715 PRIHT#15,1'B-P:";CH;FF
FOH
REM
2700
READ-IK
G0T051 REM CLOSING FILE CLOSE2:CLOSE5;CLOSEL5:END
2290 2500 2520
*CUTOFF
GOSUB2940
2280
";LD
INPUT" LOWEST C ";LC INPUT" LOWEST C+";LP INPUT" LOWEST B l1 ; LS INPUT" LOWEST B+";LQ INPUT" LOWEST A ";LA F=400;GOSUB5330
D
2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2270
LOWEST
INPUT"
2260
2255
T
SHEET*
IFGRD$O1'Y"THENLD=0:LC-0:LI>=0:LB=0:LQ=0:LA-0:GOTO2 270 PRINT"[SHFT CLR]n:PRINT PRINT" ENTER DESIRED GRADE CUTOFFS":PR I NT:PRIM
2240
2250
GOSUB2840
WEIGHTS"rPRINT:
2230
TEST
F=300:COSUB5330
UESIRED
2225
";Wl ";K2 ";V3 ";KF n;HHM
"ENTER
INPUT" TEST 1 INPUT" TEST 2 INPUT" TEST 3 INPUT" FINAL INPUT"HOMEWORK
PRINT:PRINT
2220 2221 2222 2223 2224
22 15
Listing I continued.
*
PRINTS15,"U2:";CH;FD;FT;FS
2960
U£F)«CI!M
NEXT PRINTn[SHFT CLR]" PRIKTrPRINT" 1 = PRINT:PRIKT" 2 = PRINT;PRI\TT" 3 = PRINTiPRINT" 0 -
3050 3059 3060 3065 3067 3075
,
2,3,0
A$ = 1T21'THES330^ A$="3"THEN35Q3
UCRSR
REH
«^«sfl
COTO3059
STATISTICS
*****
IF A$=lttf"THEN CH-2:G0T05tf
IF IF
IF A$="l"TH£M31l>ti
INPUT"1 1t;AS
LF|[CRSR
FORJ = 0TO2(300
HH=0
3120
3122
NEXT
3115
3112 K=INT(2*U(F));HZ(XJ^HZCX)+1
PRINT"[SHFT CLRJ":PRINT:PRINT:PRINT" E!" 3105 FORT=0TO2000:HZCT}=#:NEXT 3107 FORF^1TO2^)0 3110 IF ISCF)O"1"THEN3U5
3101
3100
3090
3085
3082 3Q83
3^81
3080
3079
WAIT
A
WAIT
A
—,,
MINUT
LF ]
MINUT
LFJlCRSR
MEDIAN, MEAN, STD. DEV." LETTER GRADE DISTRIBUTION" LETTER GRADE SEPARATION" RETURN TO UPDATE ROUTINE"
304GI COH=W1*AXA+W2*BXB+W3*GXC+WF*FEX+WHW*HW 304 5
IFI$(F)="/'TTHEN3050
GOSUb5100
FOR F=lTO20tJ IFI$CF)="1"THENKT-KT+I
3020
3015
3^6*8 3010
E!"
*e a a*fl--« st a » a-ffaa--*
KT=0;FORF=lTO2Sl0:i;( F)=0:NEXT PRINTlfJSHFT CLR ]": PRINT: PR INT : PRINT"
REM
3006 3007
3^02
* * fl * * BB -"- ■ ■ ■ * * * * s SUMMARY *
RETURN R EM REM
2970 3fl G (1 3001
2965 GOSUB527^
PHINTfCH.LB PRIXTfCHpLQ PRlNTffCH^LA
PRIKT#CH,LP
2952 2954 2955
PRINT^CH.LC
2951
2953
PJHNTifL5."B-P:M:CHiFP PRINT#CHfLD
2945 2950
2943 F=40rf:GOSUB5330
#***#*##•*#####*#####
CUTOFF
REM
2942
GRADE
*
REM
2941
FILE
* * * * "= ;-" -H;":;" -";;" "^ "f <s tt fi fl tt * * *
2940 REM
Circle 255 on Reader 5orYice card.
(SimplexSoft Ltd)
COMMODORE 64 ADD all this:
SlmpltuSo" PHOrJHAMS ill Slum. NO KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTER LANGUAGE. NO COMPLICATED INSTRUCTIONS ■ ALL CAN BE WORKING FOX YOU IN HOURS.
• RUN-TIME COMPILER
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING .' PLANNING SYSTEM"
• 40 Graphics Statements •
lor ■mull BullnMI, rirurtlllcnjil t \,-r.cii.nl gil COMMODOHE64-
I 1 Sprite Statements
Dlik
Tolal cash ricMv - nal *ortr> - tolal la* records in propor categories tor tax time
• ■■LOGO" TURTLE GRAPHICS
'handles mulii'criecking accounts - lime saving triple category ontry lyitem -
automatically Tigurea quantJIy/iinll pdce-tolal (ExflmQlea hours/I per hour-TDIal -
• FAST nrogram execution
buahels/S per buahel-lotal - aq 'cni/I por aq [l.-lolal - sale price^com mission rale-
• auto line numbering
lolaf) accounirecotvflblQ and payable records-invenlory records -machine languaga
• line renumbering
PROGRAM WILL: Record - Store - Rolneve - Denevi - Edit - Prinl - Total (add S suDliact) ALL INCOME J. EXPENSE DATA ENTRIES BY SINGLE OR MULTI CATE GORIES AND BY ANY DATE SPREAD BEOUESTEO.NOT limilofl Dy pro-assrgned
•
speed - can Se uaed lor analyzing and planning business & personal money matters
program structures
• pretty printing
caleyories Vou eigign - thousands flvollablo
• merging programs segments
ngonclei. small ccntrnr;Tois, multl-IInn salea iepsr Miniii retFiilers, etc
PnnlPr not required
IDEAL FOR: Multi-Income famllloa, apartments, Inrrners, Insurance & real eslala COMMODORE (1 Dlik
• long variable names • named procedures
-FINANCIAL RECORD SYSTEM"
The easiest software program available io Record - Slore - Retrieve - Review - Edit -Prpni- Total all JNCOMEsourceiantJEXPENSE ttemi lora complete financial record
• parameter passing
wuh all entries in proper categories to maiie lax timo only a mailer of hours Has separate INCOME & EXPENSE programs lo prevenE miaup You assign categones lo
• local and global variables
Hi your needs- tnousiinds avatlablo. Printer not 'equlfBd
• random access disk files
Vic 20 (req. 1*»- mtmory) COMMODORE 64 2 Ci"»11» Tapo Syilarn or Dli
• stop key disable • End Of File detection
For Re*I Eilata * Proptrty |nV«»tmin1 Agtnli "REAL ESTATE ANALYSIS A complete properly mv»tmflnt nnaiyni progrsm Output lo punter for harfl copy COMMODORE U Dlik Prlnlar Raq.
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— CASINO SPECIAL-
Reference: COMAL HANDBOOK. SI8.95. Reference Card.
VEGAS ODDS: DRAW POKEfl - BLACK JACK - SLOT MACHINE
S3 95. Mortal) CAPTAIN COMAL GETS ORGANIZED (book &. disk). S1Q.95 COMAL newsletter COMAL TODAY. 414 95 SASE foi more Info, Send checli or Money Order In US Dollars plus it for handling lo: COMAL Users Group (USA), 5501 Crovel.'nd Ter, Madison. Wl 53710 Phone 60S Z22 dd37. Celebrating our Ihlrd l)lg ye.ir! COMMODORE 04 Is a IMdcm.irk of Commodore Business Machines Inc. CAPTAIN COMAL Is .< trademark ol COMAL Users Group (USA).
You pic* your stake and play agamst ihe house Grcai practice lo reit your betting ikilPs and gambling jystems against [he oo'tJs you facn in Vegas AH tr^reo on one dish COMMODORE 64-Vic 20 Dllk 123,95 SpacllyciMtli* r
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SlmplOKSoft. Lid.
P.O. BOX 445 Marlon, Iowa 52302 VIC 10 tnd Com moduli M an Irjidtnorkt d Com mo dor* EUctronlc^ Lid.
Circle "192 on Reader Service card CircJe 60 on HGader Service card.
Keep detailed records of all tax deductions, bank
GET THE MOST FROM
YOUR VIC-20/C64
payments, monthly charges,
individual item expenses, and check transactions with
CASSETTE INTERFACE
Home Finan
USE ANY PORTA3LE
CASSETTE RECORDER
CONTROLS THE CASSETTE MOTOR MAKE COPIES OF ANY TAPE PROGRAM SATISFACTION GUAR ANTEED
Manager
FOR THE COMMODORE 64: Home
Finance
Manager
User
friendly budget program. MimfirMirv
cial manager stores more Than 200
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Permits listing of C-64 pro
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selectively Programs can be ap pended together into cne. Benumoer BASfC lines Nole pad, and
more. Tape or disk S!9 95 Grade Qrganiicr Teachers—store grades for 6 classes, up to 40 students each, 680 grades per stu dent. Print interim and final reports,
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Professional signs
in minutes! Ideal lor offices, retail stores, & tiome use loo! Sue up to paper width by any length Several (onts available Use with an Epson printers, ihe Commodore 15S5E. tne Gemini 10. and Banana Tape or disk 549.95 [Specify all equipment) File
Or ;.th7iv
Creates Data Base
storage system. For mailing lists, club rosters, check books, etc, SB° 95
Super Roller Challenging dice game Sprite graphics and sound.
Yahtzee-sryle rules of play Microbroker
Exciting,
514.95 realistic
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events. 534 95 'ape or Disk
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CONNECTS ANY STANDARD MODEM OR SERIAL PRINTER
require
COMES WITH TYPE IN BASIC
Formulalor
A
formula
scientific
repetitive arithmetic
com
putations you can save formulas and numeric expressions S39.95
Sprite
Edilor
The
easy
way
to
create, copy, alter, and save up to 294 sprite shapes. 554.95 Cross BASIC
Reference programj
Generator Locates
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with BASIC words or variable names Allows changes, and more 519.95 CoTnrrodorf 6* '5 fl 'egist*retf rrfldrmark of Commudorr Electronics Lid Catalog available Dealer inquiries invited PHONE ORDERS: r JO i, «)|.«08
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(206) 236-BYTE
OMNITRONIX (
Formerly BYTESIZE
\
MICRO TECHNOLOGY J
PO BOX 12309 DEPT.HL SEATTLE, WA 98111
RUN February 1984 / 121
SM-0:FORV=1TO208
SM=SM+U<V):NEXT
3165
3167
UV=tDV + (U( V)-MN)[UP
PRI\T"[S5fFT
CLR]11
AND
THEN
PG=U{J>
gG = U(J)
AND U(J) >FG IFU(J)<LD
3330
3348
3368
3367
3363
3362
3358
3357
3353
3352
7]":
PRINT"TOTAL C'S
PRINT|r[CTRL
PRIST"[CTRL 61": PRIKT"TOTAL C+'S
PRIKT"TOTAL B'S
CC:PRINT"[CRSR
"PP:PRINT"[CRSR
UP]f)
UP]"
"BBi PRlNT'rf CKSR UP]1'
5]":LTH=5C*BB:GO$ir
3607
PRINT"[SHFT CLR]1'
NEXT
3605
3602
IFGS^"D1'THENVD=1 IFG$-"F"rTHENVF=l
IFG$=."C"THEMVC*»1
IFC5="B"THENVB=l
IFG$="B+"THE«Vq-l
IFGS="A"THBNVA=1
3604
3600
3598
3596
3592
CUM=U(J)
PKISr'[SHFT PRINT"[CTRL PRlKTnTOTAL PRINT"[CTRL
3340
3588 3590
3585
SC-l:IFKT<;lfl0THENSC=2
3335
CLR]11 3]" : LT31 A rS "AA:PR INT"[CRSR UP 4 ]":LTH-SC*QQ:GOSUB34I "QQ:PRTNTll[ CRSR UP PRINT"TOTAL B+'S
FORJ=1TO200
3580
3347
VA-0iVQ-0: VB-0: VP- 0: VC«0:VD«0: VF«J3 35 70
NEXT
3333
THENTG-U(J)
IFU(J)>LD-1AJCDUCJ) <DHTHESDH-T;(J) 3540
3534
TFU(J)<LP AND U(J) >CG THEN1 CG = U(J^ 1FU(J)>LC-1AHDUCJ) <CHTHENCH=U<J) IFU(J)<LC AND U(J) >DG THEN DG=U{J)
<PHTHEN'PM-l]<J)
>PC
THEN
>BG THEN BG-O(JJ <BHTHESBH=U<J)
U(J)>QG
IFU(J)<LQ AKD U(J) IFU(J)>LB-1ASDU(J) IFU(J)<LB AND U(J) IFU(J)>LP-1ASDU( J)
IFUCJXLA
IFU( J)>LA-1ANDU( J)<AHTHE!TAH=U( J)
3536 3538
3532
3530
3528
3526
3524
3522
3520
IFIS(J)="/"THEN3560
F()KJ=1TO20«
COM-UU)
NEXT
3326
*#«*#
WAIT A MINUT
tu; = LA:QG=LQ:BG=LB: PG=LP : CC-LC : DG = LD: FG»0 3510 3515
SEPARATION
MENU11
ARROWl6:qH-LA-l:BH»LQ-I:PH=LB-1sCH=LP-l:D
K = LC-l:FH = Ll)-l
AH=10[UP
3507
3503
GRADE
PRINF'tSHFT CLR ]1I: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT" E!"
3502
3500
RI-TUHN REM t^**«
I ]"
[CTHI,
PRt\T1I[CTRL
9]
K]" ;
3420
E=1THEVPRIST"[COMD
3415
IF
FORJ=1TOW: PR 1MT" [ CTR [.
in.Tll=0TII[-M1RIM"iCTRL I]" UP]"
COTO3059
3385
S'RINT"[CRSR
Ci:TTJS:lFR5<>"R"TllEN3382
3560
MINUT
8 I" : LTH=SC*DD :
3382
3328
IFnS-"C1lTHENCC=CC+l IFGS="C-t"THKNPP=PP+1
IFGS="D"TtlENDD=DD+l
COSL'B60t)0 lFGS=irF11TE
IFISC2)=M
FORZ=1TO200:CUH=U(Z)
A
PRINT"[CTRL
3373 PRINT'TOTAL D1S "DD:PRINT"[CRSB UP]" 3377 PRINT"[CTKL 1]":LTH=SC^FF:GOSU33400 3378 PRFNT'TOTAL FTS " FF : PR INT'1 [ CRSR UP]" 3380 PRLNT:PR1NT:PR.INT" HIT R FOR SUMMARY
3372
3542
3324
3322 3323
3312 3315 3320
3310
3212
PRINT" BIT R TO RETURN TO SUMMARY MENU" 32 15 GETR$:IFR$OltR"THEEI3215 3220 IFRS="R" THEN 3059 3300 REM ••••• GRADE DISTRIBUTION *••»* WAIT 3302 PRINT"[SHFT CLR]tf:PKlNT:PRIKTiPRIHr' E ! " 3305 FF-0: DD=0;CC=0:PP-0: HB=fl :Q<) = 0: AA^B
STATISTICAL SUMMARY1* 3190 PRINTtPRIHT:PRINT" 32)3 Of PRINT:PRIM; MEDIAN "HD:PRINT:PRINT 3203 PRINT" MEAN "MN" 3205 PRINT" DF.V "SD 32 0.7 PK I NT: PRINT" STD. 3210 P8XNTsPRINT:PR INT:PR INT:PRINT:PRINT:PRTNT
3185
3180 SD-(l>V/KT)[OP ARROW J.5
3177
3175
ARR0W]2
HD-(J+MK)/4:GOTO3165
3142
3170 MN-SH/KT
H-im>K.T/2ANDHL=KT/2TllEN3142
NKXT MD=J/2:GOTO3165
3135 3140
IFHU=KT7 2ANDHL<HHTHEtfMK=J
3130
3133
IFKH>KT/2ANDilUKT/2THEN3i40
HL*HH:HH^HH+HZ(J)
3127
3125
Listing 1 continued.
FDD
INPUT//CH.SURS
INPUTjCCH.GIVS
INPUT frCll, IDS
INPUT#CH,AXA INPUT#CH,BXB
5150
5152
5153
5154
GS =
IF IF
If IF IF IF RETURN Ktn
6020 6121
6122 6123 6124
6125 6126 6130
7000
REM
REM REH REM
7015
7020 7025 7030 7035
REM
REM
7055 7060 7065 7070 7075 7080" 71893 7J390
7095
PRINTICH,IDS PRTNT#CHrAXA
5236 5237 5242
REM
5275
5278
REM
5270
*
ERROR
CHECK
*
***■*#***-**##tt■»#«■»##*£-s-a
RETURN
GOSUB5270
5250 52b0
PKINT* 1 5 , flU 2 : " ; Cll j FD i FT ; FS
PRINTtfCH.HW
PRINT^CH,CXC
PKINTSCH,FEX
5235
REM REM
7110
REM
REM
REM KEM
REM
REM
REN
REM
REM
7105
7100
GRADE
COMP
CURSOR CURSOR CURSOR
# *
UP DOWN LEFT
s
"[CRSR RTJ" CURSOR RIGHT
UP]" DN]" LFJ"
LISTING CONVENTIONS
"[CRSR "ICKSfJ "f CRSR
* »
CUM>LB-1 THENC$ = riU" CUM>LQ-1 THEMCS-11B+" CUM>LA-1THRK C!S = "A"
CUM>LD-1THENTGS="D" CUM>LC-1TI1ENC$="C11
LETTER
SPACE]11 SHIFTED I]" BLACK 2]" WHITE 3]1t RED 4]" CYAN 5]" PURPLE 6]" GREEN 7]" BLUE a]" YELLOW D]" SHIFTED D F]" SHIFTED F
SPACE
"[SHFT "[CTRL "[CTRL "[CTRL "[CTRL "[CTRL "[CTRL "[CTRL "[CTRL "[SHFT "[SHFT
7050
PRISTjfCU, BXB
*
REM
7045
5234
SECTOR
"[HOME]" CURSOR HOME "[SHFT CLKJ" CLEAR SCREEN "[CTRL 9]" REVERSE OS "[CTRL tf]11 REVERSE OFF
PRINT#CH,GIV$
5233
S
REM
PRINTfCH.SURS
7040
5230 5231 5232
REM
REM
7005 7010
PRINTi?15,"B-H:";UH;FP
*
REM
REM
REH
6002 ir pit
REM
6001
*
RETURN"
GOSUB5330
BLOCK
TRACK
FT=INT(((F-Fl)-1)/(F2-1>)+F3 FS = F-F1-(FT-F3)*F2+(FT-F3-1)
5220
FDD
*
SET
tftfttfi #***■*#■***■»*}#« ■»»***■&
*
IFF<358THENF1=0:F2=22:F3=1:GOTO5370 IFF >357ANDF<472T1I[;NK1=357:F2 = 20:F3=19:GOTO5 370 IFF >471ANDF<580TEJF:HF 1=471 : F2=19: F3^25: GOTO5370 >579THEMFU579:F2=18:F3-31
REM
6000
5390
5380
5350 5360 5370
REM
5322 5324 5326 5330 5340 REM
STOP
UT"CONTINEIE7" ' YS : 1 F¥$ = "Y "THENRETURN
IFEN-UTHEITRETUKN PRINT1IERROR STATUS :"; EN t EMS I ET ; ES
INPUT*15,EN,EW$,ET,ES
5320
5310
5300
5280 5290
5210
*
REM
5281
5202 ■J ±- U i-
5190
INPUTrfCH.HW RETURN
INPUT#CH,FEX
5153
INPUT#CH,CXC
5156
5157
WRITE
GOSUB5270
5140
5155
PRINT#15,"B-P:";CH;FP
5130
READ
PRINT*15iriUl:M;CH;FD;FT;FS
BLOCK
5120
5110 GOSUB5330
5108
«
*»»&*«***«&«-«■■»#*■*■*« a-=-#*
IFVA=1THENPRINT"LOWEST A "AH IFVQ=lTHENPRINTt1EUGHEST B + "QG IFVQ=ITHENPRINT"LOWEST B+ 11 QH IFVB=lTUENPRINT"lllCllEST R "BG I FVB-= I THEN PR I NT" LOWEST B "BH IFVP=lTHE>TPRrNT"HEGllEST C+ 11PG IFVP=1THENPRINT"LOWEST C+ 11PH "CG IFVC=ITIIENPRlJfT"FUGllEST C IFVO I THEN PR I NT" LOWEST C "CH I FV D= I TH EN PR INT1 \i T GH E ST D "UG IFVD=ITHEN PR INT"LOWEST D "DH IFVF=lTHENPRINTtlniGMESr F "FG PRINT:PRINT" HIT R FOH SUMMARY MENU" CETRS:IFR$<>"R"THEN36 75 GOTO3059
3680 5100 REM 5105' REM
3675
367*3
3640
3635
3630 3632
3627
3625
3622
3620
3617
3610 3612 3615
Listing f continued.
Spriten Up! Take (he tedium out of pro gramming
sprite
graphics.
This (-64 program simplifies the process.
By Edward Rager
The capacity lo creaie and manipu
sentially, you fill in the spaces of a grid. A 1 goes in a space you want lo have
late sprites is a powerful feature of the Commodore 64. However, there's a loi
filled in, and a 0 goes in a space to be
of work involved in doing it. Probably
lefi blank. There are 21 rows and 24 col
the most ledious aspect of sprite graph
umns. The 24 columns are divided into
ics is translating the binary data from the sprite you draw into decimal num
three 8-bit binary words.
bers that ean be Poked into memory.
The program described here allows you to draw an enlarged version of your
8-bit words each, make 63 words that describe your sprite. When converted into decimal values and Poked into
sprite on the screen. The computer will
memory, the sprite can be displayed on
scan the diagram, calculate the numbers
ihe screen.
to be Poked into memory and display
Once you have entered the program, typing RbN will draw the sprite borders
So
your sprite.
21
rows,
composed
of
three
on the screen. (There won'i be any grid lines.) The program will slop here to lei
How to Draw a Sprite
you draw a sprite within the borders.
The C-64 user's guide gives a detailed
Use the cursor arrows to move the cur-
description of how to create a sprite. Es
Listing /. Sprite graphics program.
2*
REM
DRAW
25
REM
TYPE
THE ORIGINAL GOTO 2«l(p: TO
30
HEM
TYPE
GOTO 5$*:
TO
35
REM
TYPE
GOTO
600:
REM
TYPE
700:
TO TO
DIM
GOTO
AR(504),A1<63) :
kit 45
BORDERS SAVE
BY
THE
LIST THE
TYPING
RUN
PICTURE
AM)
DRAW
DATA
THE
SCREEN'
ON
SPRITE
REDRAW.AND MODIFY THE PICTURE LIST DATA TO THE PRINTI V: :53248
ioo C0SUB1W
150 2$<D
END
COSII ii GOSUB
40$ COSII il 450
"jtyifi
515
55$ 6Q>G
65tf 700 710
Run ll Right
72fl> 600
Commodore 64
100$ 101 0
Address
author
Edward Rager,
correspondence 9360
to
Tasmania Ave.,
Baton Rouge, LA 70810. 124 / RUN February 11)84
1 $2 0 10 30
12 13
14
9$ 00
END
GOSUB
15
IF Pl=l THEN END GOSUB 16 ft
PRIN F* 1
:
\'\=i[)
:
CLOSE
1
:
Kl M
PI-ZERO
END
Pl = l OPEN
1,4
:
REH REM
SET
UP
GOTO 5ljfl
CM 11
1
INFORMAL
PRINT"[ SHFT CLR] K = 1(J34 : Sl=1057
S=1073
1*4 0 S-19H
i
S1=1873
:
Sl=1937
ON
FOR
32-1
:
32-1
:
BORDERS
n
;2=4p .
:
S3=10£l : S3=103
S3=99
:
:
GOSUB 1 100 GOSUI
GOSUB11
11 00
0$
sor to a position you want filled in and put a 1 there. It is not necessary to put a 0 in spaces you want left blank, for the
Command
Action
computer looks only for Is.
GOTO200:
Scan the sprite drawing, convert it to decimal values and
When the drawing is complete, type
GOTO200: with the cursor at the left margin of the screen and about halfway from the lop. (In typing in these pro gram commands, be sure to include each colon. If any are omitted, syntax errors will result.) Your drawing will be scanned and convened to decimal, and
store them in an array. Display sprite.
GOTO500:
List the 63 decimal values on the screen. Read across the rows.
GOTO600:
Redraw the current sprite.
GOTO700:
List the 63 decimal values on the printer. Read across the
the values put into arrays. (For about 20
rows.
seconds, it will look as though nothing is happening.) Your sprite will ihen be displayed as it would look in a program.
Table I. Summary of GOTO commands in sprite drawing program.
The program pauses again, and if
you like the sprite, you can gel a listing of the 63 decimal values that you can Poke into memory to display the sprite in a program of your own. Typing GOTO500: will put the list on the screen. GOTO700: will send it to the printer. Both lists are read across. Tf you're not satisfied, and want to modify the sprite, do so. Then type GOTO200: to put the new values into the arrays and to display the revised version. By typing GOTO600:,
you can al
ways have ihe computer redraw the pic ture for you. It will use the data in the arrays to do this. No matter what you do to the drawing, the array data won't change until GOTO200: is typed. Of course, typing RUN will craw it. Table 1 summarizes the action of the GOTO
Listing 1 continued.
1*58 S=lp98
1P&0
[065
This program works by the position of llie drawing on the screen.
If the
screen should scroll up even one row, all the values for the sprite would be wrong. You must be careful lo keep the
: S2=4H : S3=1OI : COSUB110U POK E S+7,122 : POKK S+8,76
:
3+15,122
S-19 14
1090 f 1120
DRAW
:
POKK
S+ 16,76
NEXT
I [ 11 RN i EM
i
EM
1 = ff
1210
I "OR
1230
S= 11/174 FOR
TO
US
S2
TO
1874
ARRAY
STEP
AR()
40
S+23
11 = 11 + ] AR( 11)=0 : REM AB(I l)«ZERO IF PEEKCD-49 THEN AR( 1 1 ) = 1
1 260
t> EXT
NEXT
12 90
S RETURN'
12 95
REM
1310
\
REM
1320 i 1330 135?
STKP
PUT FJ 1 '1 DATA IN : REM I UZKRO
1250
134!)
SI 1, S3
I
1240
127C&
E S+7,80
BORDERS
TO
POKE
1 130
1220
POK
I-S
1 140 1150
1200
:
ETURN
1 l^iD F EM 1110 FOR
13(10
How the Program Works
f oki:
Sl- 1937
:
: POKK S+8,79 1075 POKE S+15,80 : POKK S+16,79 1080 S=1472 : POK E S,67 : POKE S+27,67 l()7«i
1280
commands.
S=l0ii
1
DECODE 8
PUT
DECIMAL
DATA
IN
ARRAY
Al()
= 1 OK
1 = 1
63 HIN = 12 8 IX-V TO Y+7
TO
DEC=tf)
FOB
:
:
REM
DEC-ZERO
DEC- DEC+BIH*AR(IX) B!N- BIN/2
1360
s-—%
cursor away from the bottom of the screen; that's why you should enter the GOTO commands about halfway from
the top. The reason the GOTOs are fol lowed by a colon is lo keep the com
Circle 215 on Rsaiiec Service card
puter from trying to read the whole line, which includes part of your sprite drawing.
Line 45 dimensions the two arrays used and sets V equal to the start of the
VIC-20 USERS! HERE'S THE HELP YOU'VE BEEN LOOKING FOR!
THE NATIONAL VIC-20 USERS CROUP WITH THE EMPHASIS ON COMPUTING'
video display chip. Lines 100 through 720 call the subroutines that work of the program.
do the
Subroutines 1000 and 1100 make the borders for the sprite drawing. Subrou
tine
1200 scans the area within the
borders. If a 1 is found, it puts a 1 in the corresponding element
of array AR.
Otherwise, it puts a 0 in the array loca tion. There are 504(3x8x21) elements
Featuring NUGGETS, the super newsletter with:
• Answers to your programming questions • Quality program listings
• In-doplh reviews of hard-and software
• FHEE ads for members
• ONLY VIC-20 inlormation
Americas Best Source of VIC-20 Information For Beginners to Experts AND Exclusive Member-only discounts on selected programs and accessories. WRITE TODAY FOR FREE DETAILS
THE NATIONAL VIC-20 USERS CROUP, DEPT. R, P.O. BOX 34575, OMAHA, NE 68134 UIC-20 REGISTERED IM OF C0MM0DOHI
RUN February 1984 / 125
in array AR. Subroutine 1300 takes the binary data from array AR, eight elements at a time, and treats this as an 8-bit binary number. This is converted to its decimal equivalent and is stored as one of the 63
Listing 1 continued.
137IJ
:
NEXT
138(1
:
Y=Y+8
IX
139p
NEXT
1395 1397
RETURN REM
140(1
REM
Ulp 142(1
FOR
:
Al (1 ) = 1)EC
I
words in array Al,
DRAW
1-1
TO
: POKE 831H HEXT I POKE V+4,7p :
1450
POKE
146(1
RETURN
1470
REM
151(1 152©
PRINT"[SHFT CLR]" FOR
1=1
1 53p
:
154©
.NEXT
1550
RETURN
156$
REM
2p42,l 3
1600
LIST
-A!(I)
cation 832. (Locations 828 to 1019 com
POKE V+5,205 :
POKE
DMA 63
TO
are Poked into memory, starting at lo
:
STEP
prise the tape I/O buffer.) 832 is 64 x 13, so that with blocks of 64, this data is stored in the 13th block.
V+21,4
POKE
V+21,0
:
REM
In line 1450, 2042 is the location tlial
POKE V+21,ZERO
points to the data for sprite 2. The 13 is Poked into it because the data was put
3
A 1(1 ),Al(I+l),Al(I+2)
into the 13th block.
I
Location V + 21 enables (displays on
REM
REDRAW
1620
11=0
1R00 : REM
1630 1640
FOR
S= 1(174
:
FOR
165?
:
166? 167p 1680
: NEXT
169(1
RETURN'
1610 GOSUB
:
The 63 decimal numbers from array Al
63
143© 144rp
1500 REM
Subroutine 1400 displays the sprite.
SPRITE
THE
the screen) a sprite. In this case, it turns
PIC1 1 1 = ZERO
TO
1S74
on sprite 2 since a 4 (2 x 2) was Poked STEP
in. Line 1440 specifies the horizontal and vertical position of the sprite.
UiJ)
Subroutine !500 lists the 63 decimal
TO S+23
1=S
11 = 11 + 1
IF NEXT
AR{ 11)=1
THEN
POKE
numbers that can be used to define a
1,49
sprite in a program.
1
Subroutine
S
1600
takes
the
binary
data from array AR and redraws the picture on the screen so it can be re
viewed and modified if desired.
[HI
170 on Reader Service ca'd
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RUN February 1084 / 127
Reach Out
And Touch-Tone Someone Teach your C-64 to touchtone dial and impress your non-computer
friends
at
the
same time with this practical ap
plication for your computer. By Jim Grubbs
One way you can make your comput er serve a really practical purpose is to connect it with the outside world. Some relatively simple interfacing makes pos sible this communications function. I experimented with trying to make a
doing remote control via telephone lines or radio in the event a high degree of se curity is necessary. Let's look first at the structure of the DTMF dialing system, then at the meth
touch-tone dialer, using the tones avail
od of implementing these tones in ihc C-64, and finally at how to get this all
able with the VIC-20. This was unsuc
out on the phone lines.
cessful, for 1 could not produce the needed seven tones accurately enough for dialing. However, the sound synthe
sis chip (SID) in the C-64 makes the dialer possible. Unlike the VIC-20, where you're lim ited to a relatively few inaccurate tone
DTMF Revealed As 1 mentioned, DTMF stands for dual-tone,
multiple-frequency dialing.
As its name implies, each digit is identi fied by two tones sent simultaneously.
frequencies, the C-64 provides a musi
Fig. 1 shows the arrangement for the tones. Note that there are three tones
cally
horizontally and four tones vertically.
precise
frequency
over a wide
range. With the C-64's SID, I was able
In actuality, the
phone companies
to create a dual-tone, multi-frequency (DTMF) dialer that would stand alone
have also reserved a fourth tone for the horizontal rows to give a total of sixteen
with proper interfacing.
combinations. Very few touchtone pads
Although the program allows only nine
menu-selected numbers, it can easily be
actually have these additional four but tons as yet, but the probability is that as
modified to accommodate a large list. It
the phone system uses more and more
can also be included in a terminal pro gram for automatic dialing of databases such as CompuServe or your local BBS.
computer technology, additional hard
Keep in mind that although this pro gram is designed for DTMF dialing, it
could just as easily handle any tone combinations. This might be useful in
ware will appear for doing telephone keypad data entry. Electronic banking is one likely use.
Since you have three voices available in the C-64, you can handle the genera
tion of two simultaneous tones with no
10 POKE 53286, 6:POKE 53281 , t>: PRINT"[ CTRL 2]" 26 PHINT"[SHFT CLR] [CRSR DN][CRSR DNIESTER THE Y
RUN It Righl Commodore 64
Acoustic coupler
( IN
INPUT Fji 40 i'l =!â&#x2013; ()/. 06097 50 F2-INT(Fl/256) 6d F3-INT(F1-(256ÂťF 2)+.5) 30
70 PRINT F2;
Address author correspondence to Jim
Grubbs, PO Box 3042, Springfield, IL 62708.
128 / RUN February 1B84
FREQUENC
HEKTZ)"
"[CRSR DN] [CRSR "LOW "; F3
DN]THE
VALUES
ARE:
";
8$ PRINT"(CRSR DN][ CRSR DNJANOTHER FREQUENCY? 9(6 IfJPUT YS: IF YS = ' Y" THEN 2|P Listing /. SID formula utility program.
"HIGH"; (Y/N)'1
problem. The next step is to compute
the Poke values needed to set the C-64 to the proper DTMF frequencies. The programmer's reference guide gives a somewhat cryptic formula for the computation of the necessary Poke values. It aiso includes a table thai al
first glance appears to give you the val ues for many different frequencies. A closer look reveals, however, that the number listed in the table is not the re sultant audio frequency, but rather a value we'll call Fl.
Fl is the frequency at which circuits
1209
1336
1477
1633®
697
1
2
3
A
770
4
5
6
B
852
7
8
9
C
941
*
0
t
D
@This frequency ha . been reserved for future use. Table 1 . The combination offrequencies fin Hertz) used to create the tones for any digit or character on the DTMF dialing pad.
within the C-64 must operate in order to produce your desired output frequency. The formula is Fl
= Fout
+
.06097.
You must store the resultant value in a
Listing 2. Autodialer tone-generating program for the C-64.
two-byte register, since you cannot get
the entire value into one byte of memo ry. A little more mathematics produces the values for the high and low value Pokes.
To make life simple, a nine-line pro
gram is included to make these calcula tions for you quickly. You might want to save it as a utility program for future SID work. It's not needed to make the autodialer work, however. The Main Evenl Now that you know what frequencies
you need, and how to calculate the val ues for the frequency Pokes, you can write your dialer program. A quick re
view of some basic SID principles is in order.
With the VIC, all you have to do Is
Poke the tone value into the desired
voice memory location and turn on the
volume. No such luck with the 64! It's a bit confusing at first, but the same things that make sound-programming complex on the C-64 are also the things that make the machine so versatile. You need to set things like attack and
decay, waveform, sustain and so pn. Furthermore, you have to do these in the proper sequence, or the chip won't
2 4
POKE 53280,0:POKE 5328! ,0: [>R1NT"{ CTRL 2]":X$="" V-54296:
V2-54272:
Vl=54273:
V4=54286:
V3=54287:
POKE
V, 15
6
Ll»44:L2-l68jL3-«i9:L4-85:L5-54:L6-15ptL7-6III:L8-74
B
H1-77:H2-11?:H3-85:H4-152:H3-94:H6-161
10 COSUB 300: PRINT AI.INC: 12
FOR
"[SHFT CLK ] i 11
CRSR DS5][8 SPACES )DI
" + X5
Z«1TOUN(X$)
29
X-VAL(MID$(3£$,Z,1)):XU-(MID$(X$,Z,1))
2(> 27
IF TF
25 IF X1S-" " THEN FOR Y=ITO 1fW:NEXT Y:G0TO2l(J 2<i
X1S-"H>" THEN GOTO XIS-"#" THEN GOTO
IV X-0 THEN GOTO
195 196
190
30 ON X GOTO100,110,120,130,H0,150,160,178,180 KfllJ POKE V1,L1:POKE V2,L2:POKE V3,H1:POKE V4,H2:G0T0 20
0
110 POKE V1,I,1:POKE V2,L2:I'OKE V3,H3:POKE V4,H4;G0T0
2?)
9
120 POKE Vl.LliPOKE V2,L2:POKE V3,H5:P0KE V4,II6:G0T0 20 0
130 POKE U(p
M
POKE
Vl,L3:P0KE V2,U:P0KE V3,H1:POKE V4,H2:G0T0 20 V1,L3:POKF, V2,L4;POKE
V3,I13:POKE V4,H4:G0TQ
0
150 POKE Vl,L3sP0KE V2,L4lP0KE V3,H5:FOKE «
100 POKE 0
20
V4,1[6:GOTO 20
V1,L5:POKE V2,L6:1'CKF. V3, H 1: POKE V4,H2:GOT0
2(1
179 POKE Vl,L5:P0KE V2,L6iP0KE V3,H3:P0KE V4,H4:GOT0 2$ 18p
0
POKE n,L5:P0KE 0 \ <■)</> POKE V1,L7:POKE
V2,L6:POKE V3,H5:PQKS
V4,H6:COTO
2©
V2,L8:POKE
V4,II4:GOTO
20
V3,H3:PUKK
W
give the expected results. Line 200 of the program sets the values. It's interesting to note that with the C-64 you turn the
195 POKE VI, 1.7: POK K V2,L8|POKE V3,II1:POKE V4,H2:GOTO 20
waveform on and off (lines 202 and 210),
2W POKE54277,6:POKE54278,12StPOKE 542'J1 ,(J:POKE 54292,1
rather than the volume as on the VIC. In the program, line 2 sets up the screen; line 4 sets the values for your
196
M
POKE
VI,L7SPOKE V2,L8jP0KE
V3,ll5:POKr, VA,H6:C0T0
202
28:tfl-54276:W2-54290:F-17 POKE Wl,F:POKE W2,F
culated results for the high and low components of the tone Pokes. In lines 300 to 400, you build the menu to select
212
,p:I'OKEW] ,():POKEH2,0 IF X1SMEN POKE W1,£:POKE W2,f
220
GOTO
your numbers. The numbers themselves are stored in
310 PRINT
variables. Lines 6 and 8 contain the cal
lines 510 to 600. The menu and storage
areas can easily be expanded to accom modate more numbers if you wish. Lines 10 to 220 contain the main body
2Q
H
21(t F0RV-lT03piNEXTY!P0KEVl ,(1:POKE V2 , p : P0KF.V3 , 0: POKEV4 215 300 32U
NEXT ZsIF PRINT PRINT
33» PRINT
Z-LEN(XS)+1
12
"[SHFT CLR]"
SPC(10)
SPC(IB)
SPC{10)
ERATURE"
THEN
1^
SPC( If!) "DI RECTOR Y
"
"(CKSK DN]|CTRL 9]1[CTRL (*]
"[CRSK
DN]I CTRL
9]2[CTRL ffl]
TIM"
DONNA"
"[CRSR 1)N][CTRL 9]3[CTRL ©3 TIME/TEMP
RUN Fchruan' 1984 / 129
Listing 2 continued, 340
350
SPC( 10) SPC{ 10)
Oil
You must notify
"[CRSR
DN ][CTRL 9 |4[CTRL fl| DN HCTRI, 9 5 [ Cl R1, 0)
NOAA WX" COMPUSERV
the telephone company
"[CRSR "[CRSR
DN ][CTRL DN |[CTRL
9 9
61CTRL 01 7[CTRL <f>\
TELENET"
that you have installed
"[CRSR
DN
I[CTRL
9
8[CTRL
"[CRSR
(j
360
PRINT SPCC 10) PRINT SPC( 10) AD" PRINT SPC( 10}
370
380
TOR"
390
0|
MOM AND D
a telephone coupler
COMMUNICA
on your line.
SPC( IP) "[CRSR DN HCTRL 9 9 [CTRL 0] OTHER" IF X$<>"" THEN PRINT SI' C(10) " [CRSR DN JCURRENT NUMB ER IS:":PRINT:P SP C( IB) XS (.$$ GET R$:IF R5 = HI EN 40 0 40 R = VAI.(RS) PRINT
395
M?>
OX
42(1
RETURN XS = '5551234":RETURN
510
52J)
R
xs=
COSUB
51H.520-.530
54p,550 ,561
580,590
In telephone company terms, the zero is really icn. This is a throwback to pulse
xs= '492494 9"sRETURN xs= '52251? 1 ":RETURN xs= '75313? 3":RETURN x$« '130055 5678')":RKTHRN
540 550 56G> 57p
58(1
dials, where the zero actually sends ten pulses. Any illegal input will outpulse a zero.
X$ = "ni23()880iW": RETURN
I'RIXT "[SHFT CLR][8 CRSR DNS 1" :r RINT Si »C(12)
590
NUMBER": INPUT XS IF XS="" THEN 590
600
61?
RETURN
62©
REM
AUTODI ftLER
630 64Q
RKM
BY
650
REM
JIM
66?
"ENTER
II
627
1983
Lice 230 on Header Service card
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VIC-20
1
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i
Disks
I
P.O. Box 155
Groton, NY 13073
I 1
The final item for consideration is in Depending on your background, this will range from extremely simple to moder ately difficult. I use a monitor cord and connect the audio plug to the inpui of an inexpensive telephone coupler. In some eases, the output of the C-64 may not have enough "oompf' to drive
PO
REM
Before You Say Hello terfacing your C-64 to the phone line.
GRUBBS
BOX 304 2 SPRINGFIELD
REM
in line 202 and turn them off in tine 210. Note that you can program the • and H tones and a space or silent period En
addition to the digits one through zero.
'555432 1":RETIIRN
xs = '747121 2": RETURN
53?
of the program. You turn on the tones
l Pogo [Q-HiTt|.'SJ7.9S
1
1
SSI! Ailit S2.IK)
NYSA.HS.ilrsT.iv
the telephone coupler directly.
Any
kind of small, single-stage audio ampli fier circuit will handle this chore nicely. Note also that you'll be able to hear
the tones in your TV set, if you have one hooked up to the C-64. It is possible (if you have a touch tone line) to use the di aler by simply holding the telephone handset near the TV speaker to acousti
cally couple the tones into the line. The volume should be adjusted so that when
you dial, the tones break the dial tone consistently. Enlist the help of some of your friends to make sure you can reach their numbers properly. Just as with your modem, to stay le gal you must notify the telephone com pany that you have installed a telephone coupler on your line. They'll ask for the
FOREIGN COMPUTER
STORES/MAGAZINE DEALERS
certification number and ringer equiva lence. These items are normally printed directly on the coupler.
You have a large technical audience that speaks English and is in need of the
Keep in mind that if your coupler/
kind of microcomputer information the Wayne Green Publications group
computer combination causes problems on the phone line, you'll have to discon nect it. You shouldn't experience any
provides.
Provide yotir audience with the magazines they need and make money at the same time. For details on selling Microcomputing, SO Micro, bidder, HOT CoCo, RUN. jr. and Wayne Grcwn Books contact:
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trouble in this area if you've followed
the instructions for your coupler.
So the next time your friends are bragging about their new "demon dial er" that they just spent this week's pay check on, drag out your autodialer and show them how practical owning a computer can be!
130 / RUN Februarv 1984
[ff
Page
Reader Service
B
Abacus Software
79
400
Abacus Software
162
18
Academy Software
417 58
Access Software Inc Afips
152 139
61
57 111
AlternateComputerSupply Apropos Technology
134 151
201
Arfon Microelectronics
157
243
Aries Marketing Company
104
186 103 21
Ark Innovations Inc Basic Byte Inc Benson Green Inc
147 127 61
112
Bible Research Systems
410
Electronic Arts
160
433
Panasonic 154 Panther Computer Corp. ...Gatelold
66 420
Embassy Computer Products Ferln Enterprises
46 150
10 208
Parker Brothers
412
Electronic Lab Industries
158
95
149
French Silk Smoothware
135
199
401
F/22 Press
160
406
17
GeneralSystemsConsultlng —159
4
180 9
Gloucester Computer Inc H & E Computronics
210 93
188 257 135
H & H Enterprises Handic Software Hayden Book Company
145
265
ICISystems
82 54
Bill Cole Enterprises 152 Boston Educational Computers .. 157
421 240
Infocom Inc Innovative Technology
424
Broderbund Software
156 175
Bytes & Pieces Bytes & Pieces
216
Cad mean Corporation
85
Cardcolnc
Clll
192
Cardinal Software
121
206 418
Castle Software Castle Software
31 153
142
CGRSMicrotech
225
Cheatsheet Products
109
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103
121 52
441 170 178 439 118
Comal Users Group Commander Magazine Commodore Business Machines Computer Power Solutions Compu-Soft Compuscope Inc Compuscope Inc Computermat
182
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405 423 78
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160 150 147
407
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51 158 22 50
430
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154
147 413 14
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62 160 155
50
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260 11
Educator Book Company Elcomp Publishing
252
Electra
3
118 19 73
23
Public Domain Inc Quality Computer Quincept Inc RUN Foreign Dealers RUN Subscriptions Subscription Problems University Micros SailSoftware Satellite Technology Sim Computer Products Sim Computer Products Simplexsoft Ltd Sirius Software Inc
204
152 137
220 '
330
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426 436 230 435 125 • 197
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63
122
Lynn Computer Service
24
247 73 176 87
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437
438 47 212 91 250
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104
164
428 68 27
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432 40 274
172
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98
422
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159 158
409 419
20
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217 34 215 427 245
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For further information from our advertisers, please use the Roaoor Service card.
RUN February 1984 / 131
Create a VICasso With Custom Characters
You want to put more crea
tivity
into
your
program
ming, but your VIC-20's charac ter sel just doesn't satisfy your needs. Your only solution is to generate your own characters. Here are some valuable tips to help you design custom charac
ters for your games and graphics with speed and ease.
By Stephen Erwin
If you're like most programmers in terested in games or graphics, you sooner or later reach a point where the
tion, it's important to remember that you must subtract the memory used by
standard VIC-20 character set no longer
able for programming. While location
satisfies your need for creativity. Al though there are many interesting char
7168 uses only 512 bytes, location 5120,
acters to choose from, your best solu
bytes, leaving only 1024 bytes for the
tion when a game calls for spaceships or funny little men is to design a custom-
rest of" the program. For this reason, it's
made set of programmable characters.
than you absolutely need.
Memory Moves
that the VIC stores some types of vari
the character set from the RAM avail
which allows 255 characters, uses 2560
important to use no more characters Another important consideration is
The basic lechniques are fairly sim
ables at the top of user memory. To
ple, but they do require a bit of back
protect your character set from these
ground information before they can be understood. For starters, VIC-20 char acter memory is stored in ROM, which cannot be changed. Characters can be changed only when they are stored in
variables, you must Poke locations 52 and 56 with the proper code. Table I
the user RAM. Therefore, in order to
POKE36869.255.
create any
now be filled with junk. This is because, although you've moved and protected
new
characters,
the
VIC
character memory must first be moved into the limited locations in RAM that
shows the codes for moving a character set and protecting it. Try entering POKE56,28: POKE52,28:
the character location, you haven't yet
5120. Location 7168 will store 64 char acters; location 5120 will store all 255
7168.
characters. You move the character lo cation by Poking location 36869 with
10
POKE56,28:POKE52.2B:CLR
20
FORT = 7168 TO 7679:
panded or 3K expanded VIC are at the
top of user memory in 7168, 6144 or
the proper code. (See Table 1.)
POKE T,PEEK(T + (32768-7168)):NEXT
When you choose a character loca
Address Stephen
author
POKE 36869
Erwin,
correspondence 102
Hickory
Portland, IN 47371. 132 / RUN February 1984
to
Court,
should
screen to normal, POKE36869,240. The following routine will Peek the standard character location and move 64 characters to the new location at
The standard locations on the unex-
VIC-20
screen
put any characters in it. To mum the
the VIC-20 video chip can access.
RUN It Right
The
30
POKE36869.255
LOCATION
POKE 52 AND 56
240
ROM MEMORY
253 254
5120
20
6144
24
255
7168
28
Table I. Codes for moving and protecting a character set.
When this is entered, the only notice
characters is with
able change is that the cursor disap pears. This is because the screen Poke number of the reverse space thai the cursor uses is !60, anil the new charac ter set contains only 64 characters.
is run, it moves 64 characters into user RAM, pokes in any new characters that have been designed and then slops to let you test the new characters. Entering
To adjust this rormula to move more
the programmable
character generator. When the program
CONT places the character generator
characters, change the codes in lines 10 and 30 to the proper codes for the new 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
for 7168 in line 20.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
=
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
128
0
0
=
192
1
0
ual characters into (he new character
1
1
0
0
0
0
set. Use the following formula, where X
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
=
255
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
=
0
FOR
T =0
TO
7:POKE7I68 + Y*8 + T.PF.EK
Fig. /. ter
the cursor below the box and press F5. The program will then prim
character to be replaced. See the user's
guide on page 141 of the manual. Re member also that the character set uses
The bit structure of a charac-
only characters from 0-M.
■esembling the space shuttte.
When you enter this number, the program
For example, if you enter the follow ing, hitting the X key will print a '.'. FOR T = 0 TO 7: POKE 7168 + 24'S + T.PEEK
Design Originals You're now finally ready to begin de
signing custom characters. Each one is made of 64 small dots on the screen. It
out the
Poke values for the new character and ask for the screen Poke code of the
254
acter in ROM, and Y equals the screen placed.
made, press F3. This allows you to erase the colored boxes by pressing (he space the drawing mode. When the character is finished, move
0
equals the screen Poke code of the char
Poke code of the character to be re
location of the cursor. If an error is
bar. Pressing Fl returns the program to
location and substitute the new location
It's also possible to move individ
highest bit. Draw your new character by moving the cursor with \V = up, X = down, A = left, D = right. Pressing the space bar will place a colored box under the
automatically
writes
a
data
line for the new character and adds this
itself on the screen.
line to itself. It next returns to the begin
The VIC will draw a box with the
ning to enter the character into the char
numbers of the bytes on the sides and
acter set and then stops so you can test
the numbers of the bits at the top and
the character by typing the key of the
bottom. The bits are numbered from
character lhat was replaced.
seven to zero to show the power of two thai represents the value of that bit. For
At (his point, never use the return key except to continue the program by en
instance, 2'=
tering CONT or GOTO8000. If you do
128, the value of this
takes eight bytes of memory to store one
character, with each byte made up of eight on-off switches called bits. If the
I7fl on Reader
bit is turned on, so is the corresponding
END 80 COLUMN VIDEO FRUSTRATIONS WITH
dot on the screen.
THE
The eight bits within each byte are as
signed the following values, which are the powers of 2 up 10 the seventh power:
128,64,32,16,8,4,2,1. Using (bit on) or
Exceedingly
not using (bit off) these numbers in all
reliable 80
possible combinations gives you all byte
(J \J
column video converter operation1
values from 0-255. Fig. 1. shows the bit
Cure your ROM based word processing headaches,
structure of a character resembling the
* Fully Buiierpd Arjrjress ana Data Unw
profile of the space shuttle.
• Pause Swflch • Syslem Resei Bullort * Four Ansion Siols 3 client. 1 horipcnlal * Powpr
The numbers on the right in Fig. 1
Smile hinq on 3 Vertical Siols * Wrile Protection
represent the values obtained by adding
• Allows Use of DMA Controllers *Qoid Connectors
together (he values of the individual bits
Fuse P'Olecletl • Will SuDBori Parallel Disk Drive
E'lirnal Pnwer Jack (pnwsr adapter aplionpll
in each byte. To replace the @ with this character, simply Poke the above values into the first eight locations of your
A bdrqain fof T^C buriqnT minr>d Com mod or*1 64
RAM character memory.
uif>T
The standard method for doing this
uses data statements as follows: 10 20
READ A:IFA = -1 THEN 100 FORT =0TO7:READB:POKE(A*8) +
7168 + T.B: NEXT 30 100
DATA0, 0,0, 128. 192. 254. 255. 0,0,-1 END
The first data number is the screen Poke
MICRO-X64
*Copy Cartridges
Includes instruction manual
S4995
Featuring 2 Ynrlfcnl anrJ 1 horizontal i*>p,in
sian Hiiots • Pause ratal ■ GnM counsel OH ■ High
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quality Gnn&t'uclion
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* Add Up To 35K * Pause Switch * 8-Switch Selectable Slots * Full Buffering * System Reset Button
16K Memory Cartridge
* Write Protection * Gold Connectors
s48Bfl 8K Memory Cartridge
* External DIP Switching Versatility
s309e
* Both Cartridges Provide Dual 8K Segments
*8K Cartridge Includes Expansion Sockets "Commodore 64 VIC-20 arf
s ol CommnrJore Business Machines. Inc
code of the character being replaced. The
MasterCard, Visa, Money Order, Bank Chech
- 1 tells the program that the last char
Add S2.50 shipping and handling, COD (add $2.00). All orders shipped within 24 hours.
acter has been entered. If morethan one
TO ORDER CALL TOLL FREE (800) 821-9211
character is entered, the - I is used only
after the last character's data line. An even easier way to make custom
Within Oregon (503) 842-4431
Dealer Inquiries Invited
COMPUSCOPE, 6400 Signal Rd., Tillamook. OR 97141 RUN February 1984 / 13.1
Clrcla 315 on Raaooi Sorvlca card
IVI I
t"T PROGRAMS FOB THE
VIC
2O'm
*"° COMMODORE 64' WORD MITE 0
2 r-tw-fl
ItH
llielid p*g». ■ ■
C[
ADDRESS MITE LETTER MITE Imift 'UK.
mi,
run
'Jin
11-*,
d
UL
2
not like a character, simply make a new character and re-enter the same screen code as before. Because it will have a higher line number, il will replace the first character. When you have made ail characters desired, enter GOTO9000. This will au tomatically delete the generator part of the program, leaving only a program for loading the new character set. You can save this program to tape
2
■«*«.
list'miteT
and load it just like any other, You can add games above line 200, or you can separately load the character set and a game that uses it. All you have to do is draw the characters; the generator does the rest of the work. If you would like a tape copy of this program, send me a blank tape, a self-
addressed stamped envelope and $3, or just send S4.50, and I'll supply the tape.
El
'1; Each- on Tap* S14.B5,
mik S1S.OS
* NEWSLETTER package
saa.BS
POXE 20 30
I''""* *- I
NELSON
SOFTWARE
2232 Ogden Ct., SI. Paul. MN
55119
<aia> rs
FOR
READ
51
FOR
GOTO
200
7990
57 on Reader Service card.
8020
Bigger Selection! More Vendors!
Lower Prices!!
Call or Write for your catalog today
Subscription Problem? RUN docs not keep subscription rec ords on ilie premises, therefore cal ling us only adds time and doesn't solve the problem. description
of the
problem and your most recent ad>
dress label to:
Subscription Dept. PO Box 954 Farmingdale, NT 11737
Thank you and enjoy your subscrip tion.
134 / RUN February 1<J84
STOP PRINTC!IRS( 147)CHR$(18)" AND
AFTER
76 54 3210
2
SPACES
TO
SPC(7 )T:NEXTrPRINTCHH$( 38632:POKET ,6:KEXT:L=7
F3=ERASE" :PRINT"SPAC
F5-ENTER"
POKELL,I60:FOK
IF
REM
#
PEEKf197)=39
r =1 TO 10:NEXT:POKELL,32 THEN CH=16»
IF
PEEK(197)^47
THEN
CH-32
8070
IF
PEEK(197)=17
THEN
Y=Y-1:IFY<0
8080
IF
PEEKC197)=18
8100
IF IF
PEEK(197)=9 THEN X=X-22i PEEKf197)=26 THEN X=X+22
81 10
IF
PEEK(197)=32
8120
IF PEEK(197) =55 THEN 8140 POKELL,TH:LL=L+X+Y:TH= PEEK(LL):GOTO8040 PRINT CHRS(19)CHR$C17);:FOR X>0TO7:FOR Y=0TO7:FORT
8060
THEN
IF
THEN
X<0
IFX>220
V=8
THEN
:
THEN
X=220
TH=CH
=631TO640:POKET,0:NEXT
6034 East St. P.O. Box 74 Twin Lake, Ml 49457
a
40
DATA-I
F,=MARK
8140
flLTERWflTE COMPUTER EUPPLV
send
THEN200 .
704:TH=32 CII = 160:LL=t7704:PRIN'T"Fl=PRINT
8130
616-744-1300
A—1
POKE36869,240:FORT=38400
Just came off the presses! Softwa re • P rl nters • Peiipbe ra I s ■ Disk etle s
IF
FOR T-8TO7: PRINTCflR$(18)T 18)" 76543210 "
A better catalog for the Commodore 64 and Vic 20
Please
A:
T=0TO7:READ B:P0KE7168+A*8+T,B:NEXT
BEFORE
ONE Istop) SHOPPING
TO 7679:POKE T,PEEK(T+25600) :NEXT
POKE36869.255
40
60
52,28:POKE56,28:CLR;DIMX(7)
T»7168
8150
FORX-0TO7:FORY=0TO7:IF
8160
X)=N(X)+2[UP NEXT YrPRINT
8170
PRIXT"ESTER
8180 8190 8200
PEEK( 7704+X*2 2+Y ) = 160THENN (
ARROW](7-Y) TAB(14)N(X):NEXT
X:PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
SCREEN"
1NPUT"CODE *";A:IFA<0ORA>64THEN8170 PRINTC!(RS(147)CHR$(17)CHRS( 17)
Q=Q+1rPRlNT60+Q"DATA"A;:FOKT=0TO7sPRINT","RIGHTS(S
TRS(N(T)),LEN(STRS(N(T)))-1); NEXT:PRINT:PRINT:PRINT"Q="Q":"; 8220 PRINT"GOTO20":RESTORE
8210 8230
PRINT"GOTO800»=CONTINUE
COTO9000=EN'D[ HOME ] "
8240
POKE198,B:POKE631,13:POKE63 2,17:POKE633,13:POKE198 ,3:END
9000
PRTNTCHRSt147)CHRS(17)CHRS(I7); FORT=799«TO8070STEP
9010
FORTa631TO640:POKET,13:POKE198 9):END
9020
PRINTCI!RS(147)CHRS( 17)CHRS( 17): FORT=8030TO8160STEP
10:PRINTT:NEXT:PRINT"GOTO9020
9030
10:N'EXT:PRINTCHRS( 1
10:PRINTT:NEXT:PRINT"GOTO9040" FORT=631TO640:POKET,13:NEXT:PRINTCHRSf19)
POKE198
10:END
9040
PRIXTCHRSC147)CHRS(17)CHRS(17):FORT=8170TO8240STEP 10:PR1NTT:NEXT:PRINT"GOTO9(B60" FORT=631TO640:POKET,13:NEXT:PRINTCHRSC19): 0KE198,
9000
10:END PRINTC!!RS( 147)CHR$(17)CHRS(17)
9070
FORT=631TO640:POKET,13:NEXT:PRINrTCHRS( 19):POKE198
10:PR1NTT:NEXT
10:END
Listing of VIC-20 programmable character generator program.
Circle 62 on
Qrcffl 149 on Rflaflor Servico card
LEARN
MACHINE LANGUAGE Have Complete Control Over Your Commodore 64 • Write Fast-action Arcade-style graphics " Fully use the Music synthesizer • Completely understand the Computer
ileStar64 -
• Develop your skills inventory
ty Eastern House
A Communications Cartridge for the Commodore 64.
Learn with the Tutorial that comes
Upload/Download. Status Line, eic. Works with your Commodore 1600 or 1650 Modem. Auto-dialing, etc, when used with ihe new
complete with a Full set of professional quality development tools.
CBM 1650 Modem.
Cartridge and Manual - $49.95
Add Machine Language to your bag of tricks.
DEVELOP-64 include,, Coresident Assembler /Editor /Decoder /Debugger /Loader /Saver
PLUSthe Machine Language Programmer's Circle 73 on
Bible:
Service card
"Inside The Commodore 64"
1984
TAX PLANNER COMMODORE 64® DON'T GUESS-TA-MATE! Now you can instantly know your exact tax situation and manipulate it throughout the year.
The TAX PLANNER allows you to plan and update your tan position throughout the year. Do you want to know the exact tax impact o( buying a home, selling stock,
contributing to an IRA, buying rental property etc ..? Can also be used to estimate quarterly tax payments. The TAX PLANNER includes these schedules and more Form 1MO
Schtdula G
'.'>< i-riiiiii: A ■ lt»ml«d Deductioni
Schtdul* W ■ Mirritd Deduction
Ineom* Averaging
'..- h: dull- B ■ Inlamat & DMiltndB
Form 2KXj
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Schcdull D
Capital O
Form ytXi ■ Moving Ejipama
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Sup pi •mm i m Incoma
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Employe* Eipcriis
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Call Toil-Free 7-800-328-0145
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Dealer Inguines Welcome ■ Toias Res'Dfinls jao BW Sales Ta<
P.O. Box 7426 Minneapolis, MN 55407 RUN February 1981 / 135
A Cure for the Ailing Doctor's Office
Much of the medical in dustry,
particularly
the
larger institutions, is becoming computerized. But what about
the family physician with a mod est practice? Read why the Com
modore 64 was just what the doctor ordered.
In reading the many articles about
practical in my office, and in the spring
the introduction of computers into medical practice, it occurs (o me that the purveyors of computer systems and
of 1983 I took steps. I bought myself a Commodore 64,
programs are ignoring a large segment
monitor and a VIC-1525 dot-matrix printer. While wailing for some de
of the medical profession. Most of their impetus seems directed at large
medical groups who can justify the cost of big multi-user systems. Largely overlooked is the solo practitioner with
a small or moderate practice, a less im pressive gross income and generally modest requirements in an office com puter system.
By George H. Boyd, Jr., M.D.
I am a family physician who has practiced in a moderate-si zed Florida community for over 23 years. In the course of my work, I've accumulated a
mer's Reference Guide, studied it and began writing a series of short pro
grams in Basic to perform useful tasks in my office. The first such program was designed
to print out, by means of subroutines called from a menu, a group of fre quently used forms. We continue to keep clinical records on paper, bin the
istered nurse to help with my patients,
the program.
authorizing doctors or hospitals to re
birth, telephone number and chart num
Other
subroutines
produce
forms
tion. Neither one has had any com
lease past medical records to me, re
puter training or experience.
minding patienls to make appointments
In short, mine is the typical situation
for procedures done on a regular basis,
of your average solo practitioner with a
permitting patients to return to school
modest practice, and there are many
or work, or the elderly and infirm to
thousands of them in this country,
(ravel by air, and .so on. As my various hardware units were
of paper and slow manual processes, I
delivered, I followed their manuals' in
decided to computerize.
structions on how to integrate disk and printer commands into my programs. By the time all the hardware was as sembled, 1 had my Short Forms pro
computing arose in connection with
gram largely written, and foundâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;to my
my hobby of 35 years, amateur radio.
gratificationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;that
As I learned more and more about
minor formatting to run well.
tion could not justify the expense of an
13(> / RUN February 1884
layed hardware to arrive, I bought a copy of the Commodore 64 Program'
and a reccplionist-bookkeeper Girl Fri day who runs my front office opera
convinced that a physician in my situa
Jr., 321 Nokomis
a
ber, printed from answers to prompts in
computers and computing, I became
Boyd,
drives,
tient's chans, clinical records, reports and notes. I have iwo employees, a reg
My involvement with computers and
George H.
floppy disk
chart sheet we use is "headered" with the patient's name, address, date of
Commodore: R for Order
Ave. South, Venice, FL 33595.
V1C-1541
roomful of file folders containing pa
With my office bogged down by reams
Address author correspondence to Dr.
two
ali-out computer system like those ad
it
required
only
Headaches and Cures I did the hardware modification de scribed in the disk drive manual to
vertised for physician groups. But the
make Device No. 9 out of my second
urge grew to develop some sort of com
drive. This simple procedure consisted of cutting one printed circuit foil
puter system that would be useful and
jumper on the disk drive controller board. A Phillips screwdriver and a sharp pocket knife took care of that operation in a few seconds.
ing Assistant, a very fine little database program, and The Spread Sheet Assis The database program is the basis for a re-call file for patients who need
manual in hand, I attempted to put the
lo be reminded to make appointments
vania
elicited
mentioned manual,
at that
the
information,
all
in
the
the
disk
units
not
drive
must
be
for needed examinations. Since most
of these procedures are done annuaJly, the system won't bear fruit until next year, but the re-call file is growing. I had some difficulty in getting a program that would make backup cop
The computer is turned on first, fol
copy programs provided by Commo
lowed by printer, first disk drive and
dore
then second drive, allowing each unit to go through its initialization before applying power to the next unit in the sequence. With this properly done, the
wouldn't copy my files. I eventually se
on
the
demonstration
disk
i ChKk.MO.VISA or MC J« US i«fl CJr*U *M U Off
perfectly.
sloe* re r*o #Vtf4
ing my findings on a physical examina tion; another produces two copies of an immunization schedule for a baby,
it's providing me with accounting data
eye-opener
for
me.
I've
about my practice that I've never had
at my fingertips before. (So much for expensive accountants.) I've thought
record. When my nurse gives an immu
of a multitude of ways to put this pro
nization, she cnlers the dale and her
gram to work for us, and suspect T've only begun to scratch the surface.
1 began to cast about for a method of "chaining" them, so that a control
As mentioned earlier, my Girl Friday is not trained in the use of computers. She is a valued employee, and I had to
program could call and run other pro
sneak up on her blind side to get her in
grams. I wrote a shorl program called
volved in my system. I went at this
Muiti lo do this, but found it didn't work. More calls to the Commodore
slowly, writing for her a looseleaf man
Support Center brought word lhat a
terms just how to use the equipment
control program has to be at least four
and the programs. She no longer feels
blocks longer on the disk than any pro
timid about using the computer, and,
gram it calls. There was no mention of
most gratifying to me, is now taking
this little idiosyncrasy in the manuals,
pride in using it. I've been reluctant to go to the com
As the short programs accumulated,
cither.
whole program Control. I had to in
and
crease the length of Control by adding a
block of remark statements, but it
would tie up the computer too much of the time. The system's other functions
worked like a charm! Now, when my
are more urgent.
a
patient
appointment
I'm also considering the addition of a second C-64 within the next few months
the day's work.
and am investigating methods of linking
Computer
program
Assistant,
from
Corporation
in
Pennsylvania. Written specifically for the C-64, it takes care of our needs
the two computers, possibly with some shared peripheral use. Eventually, I also want to add a modem to get some tele computing capability, for medical data bases seem to be growing in number and
variety. In summary, for a very modest out
quite adequately—and comes with a
lay of cash
manual that's a gem of clarity! On the strength of my success with The Writer's Assistant, I've purchased two other programs that are mates of
vestment of time and effort, I have a
my word processor. They are The Fil
FLEXIBLE DISCS WE WILL NOT BE
UNDER
SOLD!! Call Free (800)235-4137 (or prices and information. Dealer inquiries
invited
and
CO.D.'s
accepted
PACIFIC
EXCHANGES 100 Foothill Bivd
San Luis Obispo. CA 93401 In Cat call (800)592-5935 or (805)543-1037
program
loads and runs Control to get ready for
ware I've bought for my system is a
MEMOREX
are made constantly through the day,
Girl Friday arrives in the morning, she
Among the small amount of soft
CtrelB 235 on Reader Servico C&r
puter with my appointment book. New
appointments, cancellations and changes
Rainbow
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY 1111 OftfanJ *"Jrk
ual that explains in clear and simple
1 solved the dilemma by adding Multi as a subrouline in ihe Short Forms program, and renamed the
Writer's
ing OUioiiaantepci'av •)c>> i' \\.-i-\* T vl.:i'<r.i. g
only
started using it in the last month, but
one for the mother and one for my
called The
! p«vkuV| c. ait [n c
li 4 login* «[r*j*m*fc dI CofnoKKW* Bu*>"«*t Mjcftmtt In
which is slow, but copies my data files
real
initials in the appropriate spaces.
-.rriip* 1 (HO l-<«'+n*
y ■uEUmatton T
cured a program called CMSCOPY,
I continued to write short programs. One of them prims a form for record
processor
n Era") *n*ft p*^31 mm (he vrC-
?3 * e-cm -an port it! [-D. >d
The spread sheet program has been a
hardware worked perfectly.
word
1010 CONTROL INTERFACE BOARO Tlw lfnDCo"UailnlBir*Fa'i
ies of my data-file disks. Some of the
powered-up in a particular sequence.
disk-based
FOR THE VIC-20"
tant, which is self-explanatory.
With the units all interconnected and
system through its paces. It bombed! A couple of frantic calls to the Com modore Support Center in Pennsyl
Clrcla 240 on tloadur Scwcr: Bird
and
a considerable in
simple, eminently practical office com puter system in development. What it may lack in sophistication is certainly
balanced by a great deal of utility.
SI
FOREIGN COMPUTER STORES MAGAZINE DEALERS
You have ;i larjjr technical mulli'tur dial spt'aks English :it«l Is In ntnl of
the kind ol microcomputer Informa tion th<- Wayni- Green Publications rovides,
Provide your audience with the moga/rinr they nt-fti and mfiko money -u i hcsiim<- linn-. Tor details nn sclllntf Mi crocomputing,
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RUN February 1US4 / 137
A Basic Excursion
Beyond the Manual By Jeffrey Mills
With this installment of the Basic
programming series under your belt, you'll be well on your way to be coming a full-fledged, certified program mer. This month, you'll discover how to assign values to variables—a trick that simply every programmer must have in his repertoire. Las! month, in Part One of this scries, we
think of variables as little boxes or file drawers
started to develop a program that will catalog all of your programs and list them by tape
created in memory by a program statement.
number.
present purposes, we'll discuss only numeric
We discussed the housekeeping commands New, CLR and List. We also discussed REM and
line numbering. like this:
So
far our
program
and string (letter or character) variables. You can call a variable in your program by any name
you
piease,
within the
following
rules:
10 REM •'
PROGRAM,TAPFi CATALOG •••
20 REM"
WRITTEN BY: your name ••
30 PRINT
[Shift-CLR/HOMB] "
40 PRINT
looks
There are several types of variables. For our
TAPE CATALOG"
50 PRINT 60 PRINT
101'7'GAME 1"
70 PRINT
10I","GAMB2"
Let's now go back and add column headings
to our list. We'll use the Print statement with commas. Type: 52 PRINT "TAPE","PROGRAM" 54 PRINT "NO.'V'NAME" 56 PRINT
Notice how we inserted lines between existing line numbers. This is a good example of why you need to number by tens when you start out. As we ended last month, you may have been
thinking, "There has got to be an easier way than using a separate Print statement for each program in the list." There is! Before we get too far into that discussion, however, there arc a couple of things you'll need to know. More Terminology
I) Variable—A variable is a small portion of the computer's memory, to which is assigned a
value or other content that may change, or vary, in the course of a program. You might Address author correspondence to Jeffrey A. Mills, PO Box 06021, Columbus. OH 43206.
• It must begin with a letter of the alphabet (A-Z), but you may use either a letter or a number (0-9) in the second position of the name.
• The first two letters of the name must be dif
ferent from the first two of any other name you choose. These two letters are the ones the com puter uses to tell one file drawer from another.
For example, the computer will think that BOY and BOAT are the same, because it will only look at the first two letters. • You may not use any variable name that
begins with the same two letters as any Basic Keyword. (See appendix D of your manual.)
If the variable is to contain only numbers, you use a numeric variable. If it is to contain characters (letters and symbols), you use a string variable. The rules for variable names are the same for numeric and string variables. The way you tell the computer that the variable will contain let ters and symbols is by adding a dollar sign ($) to the end of the name.
It is usually best to keep variable names as short as possible, because each character takes up space in the computer's memory. However,
if you call a variable that stores a name NAMES, it will be easy to look back at the pro gram some time in the future and know what thai variable represents.
1984
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a
RUN February 1084 / 139
A
2) Assignment statement—Now that
Data
statement
simply
stores
you know that the computer can store
numbers and words that you want the
information in file drawers called vari ables, how do you get the values into those variables? You do this with an
program to use. They are listed in the
items than are in the Data statement list, your program will terminate with an Out of Data error.) A typical Data statement looks like
order in which they are to be used, and are separated by commas. Unlike the
this:
Print statement, these commas have no
9ODATAZ.42.56.I3
Assignment statement. Say you call a variable "A" and
effect on the output of the items in the
want it to assume the value 5. Jusl typ
Data statement. They simply identify
ing A = 5 is sufficient. (You can also
the separation between two pieces of
type LET A = 5, but the Let command is seldom used, since the Commodore
data.
will assume you mean Let if you just
puter takes all the items in Data state
type A = some value X.) If you want to change the value in
ments and stores them in a special loca
variable A to something else, say 12,
whenever your program calls for them.
ments and put what it reads into the
simply typing A = 12 will eradicate the
The way you tell the computer to get an item from a Data statement is with the
ment.
When you Run a program, the com
tion.
5 and put 12 into file drawer A In its place.
It can then retrieve the items
Read command. ' The Read command takes the next
Reading the Data
value in the list, places it into the vari
3) Read/Data—The use of the two
able you specify and moves a pointer to
commands Read and Data makes it easy for you to assign values to vari
the next item in the list. The pointer
ables. You may remember having read
begin.
tells the next Read statement where to In general, once an item is read, it is
about these two Basic statements on
not accessed again. (In a future article,
pages 92 through 94 of your manual.
A typical Read statement looks like this: 100 READ A
By using the Read command, you are telling the computer to read the next item from its list 0!' Data state variable specified
When the line above is executed, A will contain the number 2. If the next
line were 110 READ B, the variable B would contain the value 42, and A would still contain the value 2. You can also put string data into
Data statements. For example: 90 DATA CAT, DOG, BIRD
you will discover a way around this.)
The Data statement is non-execut
The Read command moves through
able. It is not a verb. The computer
the list item by item until it runs out of items lo read. (If you try to read more
does not do anything when it sees this word in a program.
in the Read state
to
Now your Read statement will have specify a string variable. For
example: too read AS
When this statement is executed, the
Circle 96 on Reader Service CS'd.
variable called A$ (pronounced Astring) will contain the word cat. If line 110 were now changed to 110 READ B$, B$ would contain the word dog, and AS would still have its feline in habitant.
You can also mix numeric data and string data (numbers and words) in one Data statement. For example: 90 DATA 1 .GAME 1,1 ,GAME 2
Now the Read statements would be as follows:
8K RAM CARD ... * 49.95*
EXPANDER 3
VIC ^ 8K nimiuni cytmda
VIC xP
32K RAM CARD ... #119.95* VIC nfi
EXPANDER 6
}iK moiwrii npDufcr
EXPANDER 4 ....
100 READ A 110 READ AS
* 49.95*
VIC iO- buftatd 0 1I0! ey
PRINTER CARD ... * 69,96* VIC 20s (wrafld printer interface
* 29.95*
j ilot apanda
TBA
C £14® 4 Hot
120 READ B
130 READ BS
After these statements are executed, A will contain the value 1, AS the string of characters GAME 1, B the value ] and BS the string of characters GAME 2. Just as you use commas to separate the items in the Data statement, you
Available at liner Soltware Stores everywhere or call
can specify thai more than one item be read in one Read statement. For
1-80O-25&O511 lor tile name ol your local dealer or distributor.
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VIC 20 & C64 are 1M ol Commodore Business Machines, Inc
example: 100 READ A, AS, B, BS
XETEC, Inc.
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.^r^~^^~
—
Dealer and Distributor
This statement will achieve the same outcome that was produced with the four lines above.
140 / RUN February 1984
Back (o Our Program,.. Since you can now assign values (o
variables, you'll be able to print your listing with only one Print statement (after the headings). However, there is one more concept we need to touch upon, so you can accomplish your task
statements line numbers that arc high enough to allow us to put other lines before them. Let's start with line number
program now will only Print the first
9000. Type:
into play.
9000 DATA 101, GAME I, 101, GAME 2 9010 DATA 102, GAME 3. L02, GAMli 4 9020 DATA 103, GAME 5, 103, GAME 6
loop,
The items in each of these statements
which will be covered more fully in a
are a tape number, game name, lape
later article.
number and game name. Running the
efficiently.
This
is the
GOTO
For now, just remember that the
TAPE CATALOG
in the program. By telling it to do that at the end of a series of lines, you can
TAPE NO.
same set of instructions over and over until something changes to cause it to stop. (GOTO is explained on pages 32
PROGRAM
NAME
1
GAME 1
1
GAME 2
Let's replace lines 60 and 70 in our
2
Catalog program with a Read state ment and a Print statement. Type these
2
GAME 3 GAME 4
3
GAME 5
3
GAME 6
and 33 of your manual.)
lines: 60 READ N, P$
?OUT OF DATA ERROR IN 60
70 PRINT N, P$
As you may have guessed, we will also need a Daia statement to go along
To
keep
Example
1.
Screen
display of
Catalog program.
forms 80, it will go back to 60. It will then perform 60 and 70 again...and again.. .and again...
When the program has read every
screen:
ERROR IN 60
There is a list of all of the Commo dore's error messages on pages 150 ant! 151 of the manual. Don't be surprised if most of them don't mean much to you
right now.
We'll
probably run
across most of them on our screen as
we
experiment
with
writing
Basic
programs.
Example 1 shows the output of the
Catalog program as we have developed it thus far. In the next article I'll discuss ways to prevent the program from ending in an error, as well as ways io control pro
gram looping within the GOTO loop. II
things simpler, we wilt give the Data
Cucle 34 on Header Service cam
form lines 60 and 70, but when it per
?OUT OF DATA
cause the computer to perform the
statement.
Typing 80 GOTO 60 will cause our
program to enter a loop. It will per
the program will end by printing on the
puter to go to a given line number with
(he Read
This is where the GOTO loop comes
thing that is in the Data statement list,
GOTO statement will tell your com
with
tape number and the first game name.
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HUN February 1884 / 141
RUN Amok
We'd
like
to
be
perfect.
Who
wouldn't? Alas, however, we are not.
The glitch-gremlins play naughty tricks, or we human beings just have lapses of consciousness at the wrong moments.
Item: Some lines were inadvertently omitted from the listing of the Sea Battle pro gram. They appear below, with the VlC-20 version first (p. 134) and then the C-64 omission, the final line of the program, on p. 136.
In any case, mistakes get made, and on the assumption that eagle-eyed readers or frustrated typers-in will not hesitate to lei us know their findings, we
61C
GOSUB790:IFPEEK(FX)=pTHENEF-FX:COSUB830:GOTO670
62C
IFPEEK(FX)-3 5THEN'POKEFX+Wr,2:EF-FX:COSUB830:POKEFX,4
will RUN Amok to correct our errors in
630 IFFHO17THEN660
each issue. Our apologies to anyone who was in
convenienced or annoyed by one or more of the following in the January
2:FH-FH+1
640 PRINT" I WIN ! ! '' 64 5
F0RI=7912T08185:IFPEEK(I)>57ANDPEEK(I)<63THENP0KEI+ W,3fPQKEI,35
650 NEXT:FORT-1TO5000:NEXT:GOTO720 660 NEXTZ:COTO45i?
670 POKi:rX,42 ;NEXTZ;GOTO450
issue:
680
POKEEF+W,2:GOSUB830:POKEEF,42
690
IFHI=HSTHENPRINT"SANK
700
RETURN
720
FORT-1TO2000:N1EXT:PRINTCHRS(147>!PRIXT"
685 PRIKT"HIT
Item; The Script-64 word processing system is a product of Blue Sky Soft ware {Ashland Office Center, Evesham
and Alpha Avenues, Voorhees, NJ 08043), It was incorrectly attributed to another company.
Conversion Magic, the screen color lo
cations for the VIC as given in Table 1 (p. 83) are incorrect. They should read 38400-38905. In the same article, line 3140 in Listing 2 is missing a portion. It should read: 3140 X = A1: POKEFN CL(0) + 30720,5:
POKEFNCL(0),L1:
FORX = A1 + 1TOA2 - 1:
POKEFN
CL(0) +30720,5
(Y/N)"
AGAIN?
IFPAS-"Y"THENCLR:GOTO90 END
760
FORI=7680TO7810:POK£I,32:NEXT:RETURN
78(1
FORT- 1T01 500: NEXT: GOSUB76p: RETURN
800
RF.TURN FORG=1TO10:FORH'1TOI0:POKEEC+EB,0:EB-EB+1:N1EXT:EC-E
SItp
C+22:EB=(8:NEXT:GOTO380 POKEV, 15:FORI = ITOSS:FORJ
82(1
NEXT:
770 PRINT"BAU COORDINATE. TiCLR:GOTO<)0 790
START OVER.":FORT=1TO2500:NEX
POKES2,200:FQRT«15TO0STEP-.l:POKF.V,T:(.'EXT:POKES2,p:
0
815 POKES 1, 2 3?):FORT=lTOlp:NEXT:POKES1,235:FORT=1TO10:NE XT
P0KES1 , 0: FORT= 1TO50 :NEXT : NEXT : RETURN Lines missing from the Sea Battle VlC-20 program.
Item: A minor goof, but we nonetheless
FORJ-WTOW+23:POKEJ,0:NEXT:RETURN
regret the tantalizing "More" that ap pears, but should not, at the end of the Canyons of Zelaz program listing on p.
PLAY
730 GETPA$:IFPAS = ""THEN'730 740
In Double Your Pleasure with
"SS(Q):SS = 4:GOSUB810:GOSUB780
71© PR1NT"YOU WIN! ! ":SS = 8:COSUB810
750
Item:
"SS(Q):EH=EH+1:SS»2:GOSUB810:GOSUB780
Line missing from the Sea Battle C-64 program.
52. There really is no more after line 1018. PRINT"[SHFT
Item: In Fun with Math Facts, line 1000 in Listing 1 (p. 37) was missing a colon. See Listing 1 for correction. 142 / RUN February-1984
T"1,2,OR
CLR]":PRINT"LEVEL
3;":PRINT"(1
OF
DIFFICULTY?":PR IN
IS EASTER)":PRINT"CHOICE?"
Listing 1. Fun with Math Facts correction.
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■TERMS OF OFFER: II you Imd a price (or any software or penoheral in Ihis issue thai is lowe. than our advertised price, we 11 guarantee to beam! Valid only on product in similar in stock condilmni. Valid only on prices appearing in print in this issue
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Software add 16.00 lor firll piece, add 5 LOG each additional piece Hardware add 3% or 110.00 whichfuer mgnwei. Returns must haw aui hoi nation number (call 602 968 91281 [or automation
number) All returned merchandise tubjccllo restocking lee and mull come wilhmll anginal packaging. No relurns allowed after 30 day» from shipping date Pncel are lor caih; VISA and Millet Cot d
add 3%. Pnc« subject to change unthoul notice All products subject lo availability Irom manufacturers and'or suppliers A\i pneet in U S dollars
RUN February 1984 ' 143
Book Gallery Compiled by Shawn Laflamme
Commodore 64 User's
lated problems that are commonly en
functions; screen codes used with the
countered
two
Handbook
problem,
listed, and solutions to the problem are
breviations; values to be Poked into the
WSl Staff
suggested. A tutorial
frequency registers of the sound chip; a
Weber Systems, Inc.
by
new
some
users.
possible
on
For causes
programming
each are
the
Commodore 64 in Basic is presentee! in Chapter 3. Basic commands, state ments, functions and variables are in troduced in a logical sequence. In most
8437 Mn> liclil Road Cleveland, OH 44026
Soflcover, 307 pp., $14.95
cases, brief examples are given to illus The Commodore 64 User's Hand
book is a concise introduction to the computing, graphics and sound-gener ating capabilities of the Commodore 64. It was written with the new C-64 owner in mind. If you have no previous computer experience, you will appreciate the sim ple style used by the authors. Readers who anticipate the purchase of a per
sonal computer will find the book to be a useful, well-organized preview to the features of the Commodore 64. The book is divided into eight chapters and concludes with eight
standard
character
sets;
Basic
reserved words and their keyboard ab
memory map; and a list of keyword one-character tokens.
Basic
1 enjoyed reading the Commodore
64 User's Handbook. The language is clear, and the topics are presented in a logical order. A few things were ex-
trate the use of the Basic reserved words.
Chapter 4 is a Basic reference guide for the C-64. The Basic reserved words are listed in alphabetical order for easy
access, and the proper syntax to be used with each word is given. Ex amples are used to illustrate the use of each word, and some additional detail is given on the function of most of the
Here's a book written with the new C-64 owner in mind.
keywords.
Chapter 5 discusses the Commodore Datassette cassette recorder; the crea
tion and use of cassette data files is covered. The Commodore 1541 disk
plained
especially liked the treatment of Com modore 64 memory locations in the ap
troduces the reader
drive, disks, disk files and DOS com mands are discussed in Chapter 6; the three types of disk files (sequential,
to the physical fea tures of the C-64. A
detail.
appendices and an index. Chapter I in
random and relative) are covered in Chapter 7 is devoted to Commodore
brief description of
each
feature
accompanying
64 printer operations, beginning with installation of the printer and conclud ing with a detailed discussion of the Commodore 1525 printer control
and il
lustrations help you to identify the vari ous parts of the computei. Also introduced are C-64
peripherals and some important com puter terms.
In Chapter 2, you will find instruc tions on how to set
up your Com
modore 64. The keyboard is described, and
the
use of various keys
is ex
plained. You will also find Instructions for the setup and use of the Datassette
cassette recorder, the 1541 disk drive and
Commodore Commodore
printers. One of this chapter's best features is a
brief table
listing
three
144 / RUN February 1984
hardware-re
codes. The last chapter is a discussion of sound and graphics, with sections includ
ing: display and text colors; display, character and color memory locations; custom characters; high resolution
graphics; sprite graphics; and sound feaiures. Each section is succinct, but ihe text Is supplemented with tables, il
lustrations and brief examples. Some important information about
the Commodore 64 has been gathered into the eight appendices, including: Basic error messages; codes and charac ters associated with the CHRS and ASC
more clearly
user's manuals that
than
in
other
I have used. I
pendices.
On the other hand, some readers may find the Weber Systems staffs concise style of writing a bit dry. While the authors use numerous examples throughout the book, their treatment of several topics was much too brief. 1 was particularly disappointed with the discussion of sound in Chapter 8. The basic sound features are discussed,
but there is no mention of the use of sound filters. The fact that the values to be Poked into the frequency regis ters of the sound chip may be calculat ed (thus freeing the user from the
musical note tables found in appendix E) is not mentioned. Nor is there enough discussion of how the wave
forms or attack, decay, sustain and release parameters affect the quality of the sound produced.
The coverage of graphics and a few of the sections on Basic could have
Clrclo 112 on dontlor Service curd.
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andling
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BOOKS
BOOKS
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Gto.g,
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Inside Your
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Computer
for the VIC-20, C-64, and 6502 No more Hipping itirougf} the
CommotJoio manuals to tintf Information you need. Nanos System
Peference cards ars pockot-steed summaries tor your quick, o&$y
reference Ffnd BASIC commands and instructions, flOM routines, reserved words, I/O Instructions, hen con
versions, screen line layout, and more. VIC-20 FC1Q15 £5.96 6502
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Find our what goes on tnstdo your VIC-20 oi C-64. Inside Your Compulei explains microcomputer circuits and
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ASCII cods, software, and nhol they
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Rainbow Quest for the
Commodore 64 A computer tantasy tor young C-64 users Rainbow Quest is an adventure
that combines fiction and programs. Readqrs must cross the plane! PulnDow ana master e series at challenges to succeed on the Quest
Each challengo is n program on cassette. Included ere arcade games, punles, and mates. Hoo* and
The Selectric™ Interface You con mm an IBM Selectric I/O writer Mo a letter-gualllt printer lor your VIC-20. The Selecirlc Interface gives you the programs end step-by-
step Instructions you need tor
Selectric models 2740, 2980. and Dura 1041. With slight modltlcotlon. the instructions will also work tor Ihe C 6< 112.BT
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On sure lo Include the oooH title, order number, and price. Postage end handling Is 11.50 lor the llrsl book, V.00 tor each additional book Check monev order, or complete credit card Information must also accompany your orOsr. It you heve t,uestlons about your order, write customer service at Ihe above address.
RUN February 1984 / 145
been expanded. One important feature of the C-64 which does not seem to be
should hope he comes back to the C-64
mentioned anywhere is the Commo
volumes.
dore 64 screen editor. However, the
to
Despite a few slip-ups,
book does have a brief section on cor recting keyboard errors. I'd recommend this book to a new
this is an excellent
Commodore 64 owner. If you have no
inexperienced
previous experience with
computers,
you will appreciate the care that was
write intermediate
and
advanced
Sharon Alter Sussex, NJ
volume for the programmer.
User's Handbook to the VIC-20
taken in preparing the sections on the installation of the computer and pe
Jeffrey Weber and Stephen Szczecinski
ripheral devices. On the other hand, 1 wouldn't rec ommend the book to you if you're an intermediate or experienced user. You may find the chapters on printers and disk drives useful if you're about to purchase those peripherals, but, as a
whole, you would probably be better served by another manual. David Scott Saari Elkhart, IN
The Elementary Commodore 64 William Sanders Dalamost, Inc. 8943 FuUbrighl Avenue Chatsworth, CA 91311
Soflcover, 223 pp., $14.95 The Elementary Commodore 64 was
the first third-party book to show up
for the Commodore 64. Although some of the rush to get it on the market is evident in a few slip-ups, it is still an excellent volume for the inexperienced programmer.
The title might more accurately be The Very Elementary 64. If you are looking for a supplement to the infor mation in your user's manual, this, ex cepting a few points of information, is not the book for you. If you are look ing for a clearly written replacement
for your manual, this is the one to get. Sanders begins with a brief discus sion of computer terms and how to
hook up your sys- J| tern. His chapters covering program ming techniques are logically presented, and hardly a page goes by without a
sample program il lustrating the tech nique in question.
At
almost
every
point, you will be wishing he had said 146 / RUN tchruaiy 1984
Weber Systems, Inc.
more on the subject, but it is, after all, meant to be an introductory book.
The chapter on data and sequential flies will clear up a major mystery for many beginners. This subject is barely touched upon in the user's manual, and only in reference to cassette stor
age. Disk users arc ignored in the man ual, and even "Commodore's Refer ence Guide" refers them to the disk drive manual, which assumes a certain familiarity with the technique. Sanders clearly explains the basics of files for both storage systems.
One indication of the hurry involved in getting this volume together is the absence of an Appendix A referred to in the text. There may be other appen
dices missing as well; none are listed in the table of contents.
A larger problem that resulted from getting this book out so soon is that it does not take into account a revision made to the C-64 shortly after its re lease. The information in the chapter
on Poking to the display file just won't work on the revised C-64. That model has to have both its screen memory and color memory Poked before anything will appear on the display. The first C-64s had the color mem ory automatically filled with white, and the third version fills color mem ory with the cursor color. Second ver
sions, however, currently make up the bulk of the market, and a lot of users unaware of the problem will be throw ing down this volume in anger, disgust and frustration when the tutorial pro grams don't work on their machines. While there's no denying that the screen Poke problem is a major (law,
the book is an otherwise well-written,
well-rounded volume that includes chapters on tape, disk and printer use, and explanations of types of software,
8437 Mayfield Road Cleveland, OH 44026 Softcover, 278 pp., $13.95 It wasn't so long ago when there
were no books on how to program the VIC-20,
but
fortunately
things
are
changing. A case in point is the User's Handbook to the VIC-20. The book begins with a general dis cussion of the VIC-20 system, along with
a description
of the various pe
ripherals
such
as
disk drives, Datassettes and printers. Further extensions
including
memory
expanders,
IEEE-
488 cartridges and motherboards are touched upon, but
the emphasis here is to briefly survey what's available for the VIC-20.
Chapter two gives clear and simple
instructions for installing and intercon
necting the various units comprising the complete system. If you're a new
VIC-20 user, this will be of great value to you, especially since the authors arc
very careful to talk about things which many people would consider "too ob vious" for discussion. For example, the notion of error
messages and where they come from, how the write-protect tabs work on a
cassette tape and the basics of handling
floppy disks are treated. Every VIC
beginner should be familiar with these subjects.
The first two chapters essentially form an overview and introduction to the book. Chapters three and four get
down to the real meat of the subject with over 100 pages devoted to pro
such as database and utility programs.
gramming in Basic. Each command
Sanders is working on a series of ele mentary books for various home sys tems. This one is good enough that we
mented with samples of correct syntax
and statement
is
described,
supple
and notes on any quirks to avoid.
Circle 224 on Reader Semce card.
Circle 186 on Header Service ca;d
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inc
RUN February 1984 / 147
Circle 260 on ReaOe* Servrco card
49
PROGRAMS FOR
VIC-20™
1541 disk drive and 1525 printer. Each
GAMES. GRAPHICS, SOUNDS, HMH, UIIllI!fS,»MO MUCH MORE Bf IHE PSDI1RAM
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Chapters five, six and seven describe (he use of the Datassette cassette unit,
15876
Dealers welcome im VIC-20 COMMODORE BUS, MACH, LTD.
of these chapters goes into great detail and shows how to use these peripherals to greatest advantage. The last chapter gives a very brief treatment of sound and graphics. It's obvious thai no book can treat
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es the slant of the book, and this usuai-
ly depends upon the author's area of
chine language on the reader's pan. Although (here is a memory map of the
expertise.
VIC-20 given in the appendix, no real
The chief feature of interest in The
User's Handbook to the VIC-20 is the thorough discussion of how to use the sette,
disk
drive
and
printer).
The
I have seen. Unlike a number of other books on the market which simply rehash mate rial from the 1541 disk drive owner's
manual, this book carefully organizes and details everything you would ever want to know about sequential, ran
dom and relative Tiles on a disk drive. This information will be invaluable to you if you're involved in systems programming, or if you have business
and
home
finance
applications
in
mind. Weber and Szczecinski take an
hierarchical
approach;
starting
with
general concepts they lead you to a more and more detailed appreciation of the relative value of the numerous
(301)366-0010
DOS commands. It's very hard to get lost wiih this sort of approach. Another good feature of the hook is the clear description of Boolean con cepts
is available in
microform
in
Basic
programming.
Most
books mention logical operators such as And, Or and Exclusive-or, but this book really .shows how they work and
how io use them to advantage in Basic programs. I was impressed with the de scriptions of these concepts; a novice
who's afraid of this subject could do no better than to read these chapters. As mentioned earlier, if some sub jects are treated in detail, then it stands to reason that others will get short shrift. In this book, the topics of graphics and sound arc barely touched upon; you will find very little beyond University Microfilms International 300 Norm ZeeE Rosa
18 BeatOfC Ro«
Dept. P.R
Depi PR
Ann Arbor. MUB1D6 U.S.A
London. WC1R 4EJ Enrjlanfl
148 / RUN February 1084
disk drive.
sic programming; nothing is said about
Baltimore, MD 21218
this publkQtjon
programming the 1541
topics will be examined ihoroughly at the expense of others. It is this picking and choosing of topics which establish
chapter on the 1541 disk drive is the best
GOOD PRICES
is its treatment of
every feature of the VIC in detail; some
I/O-type peripherals (i.e., the DatasCircle 210 on Reader Snrvice card
This book's real strength
what is given in the VIC-20 owner's manual. And in terms of peripherals, it is notable that modems, joysticks and paddles aren't even mentioned.
The emphasis in this book is on Ba-
the user port and the VIA, since this would assume a background in ma
mention of machine language is made throughout the book. This book's real strength is its un equalled treatment of how to program the 1541 disk drive. The chapters on VIC-20
peripherals
and
Basic
pro
gramming are also worthwhile. The chief deficiency is the lack of material on high-resolution graphics, sound and (more surprisingly) the joy
stick and paddles. However, the main thrust of the book seems to be how to program
the
"serious"
things,
VIC-20
to
handle
such as databases,
business programs, scientific applica tions and so on.
The
authors
have
maintained
a
clear, readable reference book style. (I
read the entire book in two sittings.) The
material
is
well-organized
with
plenty of headings and sub-headings to guide you from general notions to par ticular concepts. Thus, besides being pleasant to read, the User's Handbook to the VIC-20 will serve as a good reference text. To those of you who have done bat tle with ugly printouts containing re verse field characters, you'll be glad to know that this book is very nicely type set with clear representations of the special characters.
In addition, many
photographs are scattered throughout the book, giving it a fine visual quality.
The text also seems to be free of typos and other errors which often trouble first edition programming books.
I enjoyed reading this book. While 1 was already familiar with most of the material on programming in Basic and using the Datassetle, 1 confess that il taught me many new things about the 1541 disk drive. This being the case, I plan on keeping my copy by the com puter at all times for quick reference. Thomas Henry
Mankato, MN
COMMODORE OWNERS Join the world's largest, active Commodore Owners Association. Access to thousands of public domain programs on tape and disk tor your Commodore 64, VIC 20 and PET/CBM.
The call for authors is out!
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■
LET US KNOW WHICH MACHINE YOU USE *
Or call toll-free 1-800-343-0728.
Circle 70 on Render Service caid.
A Basket Full of Software Values at Chick-Size Prices? Eggs-Actly!
Quality Software Ideat for Ihe Commodore 64 " and VIC 20 WORD PROCESSING documents, .Or Utility
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RUN February 1984 / 149
Games RUNdown Compiled by Shawn Laflumme
Quest of the Eagle Quest of the Eagle, for the Com modore 64, puts you in command of the futuristic slarship Eagle. You must seek planets
and
secure
certain
elements
from them. You must then deliver these elements to other planets as specified by mission control. Your equipment on the Eagle includes radar, map, view, weap ons,
sensor,
scanner,
shields,
radio,
computer and transport room. During your flight, you will
en
counter other spacecraft. Some may be
friendly and help you with information; others may be hostile and attempt to destroy you. Each voyage is composed of nine missions selected from countless missions. Each of the nine missions be
comes more difficult than the last. Quest of the Eagle features a pause button that allows you to suspend a game in progress, It is available on disk
or cassette for $28.75 from Ferin Enter prises, 6310 Underwood Ave. SW, Ce dar Rapids, IA 52404.
Check Reader Service number 420.
Three New Challenges Creative Software (230 East Carib bean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089) has
released three new games for Com modore ownersâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Save New York!, Moondust and Rat Hotel. In Save New York!, city-munching
monsters are making a meal of the Big Apple. You must use your rocketship to shoot them down. The hungry creatures
also lay eggs that hatch into baby mu
tantsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;these infants crawl into the sub ways and "teethe" on the buildings
Vein Voyage Plasmania,
from
Sirius
Software,
Inc. (10364 Rockingham Drive, Sacra mento, CA 95827) is available on cas sette for the VIC-20. Plasmania takes you
on
a voyage
through the veins of a critically ill pa tient. You must race against time as you maneuver carefully through the veins, avoiding every menace that threatens your mission. Defense cells, bacteria, antibodies and enzymes try to prevent
you from finding and destroying the life-threatening blood clot near the pa tient's brain.
Bumper Bash, a video pinball game, is included on the same cassette. The cassette is available for $19.95. Check Reader Service number 425. 150 / RUN February 1984
cheese-seek ing inhabitant of the Hotel Paradisio. Waldo, the maintenance man, is in hot pursuit. If you can ma
neuver yourself from the attic, down six floors and into the basement, you will be rewarded with "Le Grand Cheeseball." In addition to Waldo, you must watch for traps in your favorite dining spots and hiding places. Rat Hotel is available on cartridge for the VIC-20. One joystick is required. It costs $39.95. Check Reader Service number 423.
from the ground up. To destroy them, you must track them down on foot
through the sewer system beneath the city. Save New York! is available on cartridge for the Commodore 64. One joystick is required. It costs $34.95. Moondust is a science-fantasy game
that challenges you to draw colorful trails of moondust crystals through the heart of glowing concentric circles. As
moondust is dragged toward the center, trails of aqua, emerald green, cobalt, coral and purple appear. The action
produces music which reacts to the game play in musical patterns. It is available on cartridge for the C-64. One joystick is required. It costs $39.95. In Rat Hotel, you are Ermine, a
Zorlok Micro Information Systems (PO Box 73, Wayne, NJ 07470) has released Zor
lok, an adventure game for the VIC-20. As the great, great grandson of Zor lok the wizard, you have inherited a quest. You must enter his castle, destroy a plague of monsters and regain his treasures.
Zorlok is available on tape (13K VIC) for $39.95, or disk (21K VIC) for $45.95. Check Reader Service number 437.
Liclft 1U on Readef Service c
Finally! An Affordable Full-Size, Full-Feature PRINTER SUG.
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For your VIC-20®, C-64*
S299
ATARI® Tl 99/4A® &
BASIC PRINTER (Requires one Option Below)
Centronics Parallel Types
FEATURES: • Full graphics capability.
This printer's mechanism (manufactured by Seikosha)
• In ihe graphic mode, a column of
graphic data can be repeated as many limes as you want with a single command.
is Ihe same as used by
Commodore, Gorilla, Bannana (Leading Edge)
• Double width character output under software control (5 char, per Inch}.
and others. It is 67% faster
• Print position addressable by character
than a Commodore 1525!
or dot (positioning control).
• Graphic character ana double width
character modes can be intermixed on
a single line.
• Automatic printing. When the text
exceeds the maximum line length no data is lost due to overflow.
• Sell-test printing mode.
• Paper width is adjustable up to 10 inches. Standard plain paper. Tractor feed. • Unidirectional printing -Better registration.
• 80 characters per line.
Any of these Options allow you to connect and print.
APROPRINT-2064™ (pictured)
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• Foreign character sels For U.S., U.K., Sweden, and Germany.
(All other foreign orders Add S75.00 (shipped by Air)
The ONE VIC-20® Memory Expansion Board that DOES IT ALL! Maximum Memory allows you to use more powerful programs for1
• EDUCATION • ENTERTAINMENT • MAIL LISTS •
BUSINESS APPLICATIONS • FINANCIAL RECORDS
To equal me total memo-y oi RAMAX1' you wouto
riave to ojy a 16k Wemory Enpansion. PLUS an fl*
ExDariSion. PLUS 3n E-Ctfnsion need a
mo:ner ooard
ONE piece
THEN you wouitl
WLth RAW AX" you Duy jusi
at about half the PRICE'
QLK5 IM fik RCM ij H£SET
n
SPECfAL LOW PRICE1
Only $99.95 Plus S3.00 shipping & handling 10DAYMONEY-BACKGUAF1ANTEE
RAMAX Jr.-
TO ORDER: SoncJ Check of Moray Ofdflr FortheTolai Calif regideril5fldd6%ta><
Or Contact your Local Dollar
!■!■. ..■...■...' ,{005) 482-3604 AH Prices U S. DoHars CHARGE CARDS ADD 3% DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME
WE SERVICE WHAT WE SELL VIC-2D & Commodore^ arfl registertHJ
irndpmafks o* Commodore Iniarnationol.
Alan Is a trademark of Atari I no
APROPOS TECHNOLOGY 1071 -A Avenida Acaso Camarillo, CA 93010
_ APROPOS TECHNOLOGY
SPECIAL LOW PRICE'
nn HAM'X ■ yn« ufn tWf porlont Ol lh# J**mar, to 0/OvhIb it* ri
Only$89.95 New Product! *t
Gives your Commooo-o W lull flipfinoib.lity. Tftis
suDOfDIyOeEig^Efdeipaision module plugs mtoine6J 1 Jive^ ^Du 'SAilcMODIe Tsingirorpnany comb'narionh axpanscn co^neciors - plus fuse prolecriOn - pljs a reiel Duflon1
APROSPAND-M- (S49.95) - S3 00 shipping & handling
In Canada contact Senecor Phone(4i6)822-3652 RUN February 19S4 / 151
Journey into a Kingdom Of Magical Powers Enchanter, from lnfocom, Inc. (55 Wheeler St., Cambridge, MA 02138) is a fantasy game thai takes you into a kingdom of magical powers and peri
lous predicaments. You must use skill and logic to over come "Krill," the evil warlock whose ever-increasing powers have shattered the peace of this fantasy kingdom. Sent
by the Circle of Enchanters to conquer evil, you will uncover spell scrolls which
Kid Grid and Juke
you must learn to use judiciously in
Tronix Publishing, Inc. (8295 S. La
overcoming dozens of tricky obstacles.
Cienega Blvd., Inglewood, CA 90301)
Troublesome Killerwatts and other ene
If you are able to use these magical
has released Kid Grid and Juice for the
mies are out (o undo his work. Edison
powers effectively, the evil warlock will
Commodore 64.
can outlhink his enemies, but if he is
be banished forever.
In Kid Grid, the Kid's goai is to dart around his grid, filling in all the
struck, he meits down. You .score points by maneuvering Edison in completing a
The game package includes a folder containing everything you need to begin
square to complete his circuit board.
squares. Out lo stop him are four bul
circuit.
your journey. There is a user's manual
lies: Squashface, Thuggy, Muggy and
in the form of a medieval guild direc
Moose. The Kid also has to be on the
Both games arc available on disk for $34.95 each.
tory and a sealed parchment from the
lookout
Circle of Enchanters. Enchanter is available on disk for the Commodore 64. It costs $49.95.
question mark. You can zap the bullies
Check Reader Service number 421.
for
a
mysterious
bouncing
Check Reader Service number 434.
with your joystick button; as they turn while and vaporize, the Kid makes his escape.
Juice is a strategy game in which Edison must jump from square to
Circle 82 on
MICRO-GRIP FRICTION FEED Aiju .!!■■■[ i- :,,,■.- friction 'ceil lo yout MX8U or
fix BU Easily installed wiln sciewdnuei noSQlOfil ing Docs not dislurti iractot feed. Also tils
Conquer a Fortress
primers Dassd on Epson design sucn as IBM PC
*3
Commodoie and H P Dui Mat'i" prinloia Wl. 1 Ib.
ONLY S39.95tea.
-_Y
In Beach-head, ware,
- CARTRIDGE RIBBONS FOR SS.OOfBR
fcPSON MX MHO
H5 LP III V
S5.85/ea.
tf'SON MX 100
9 75/ea
US LP VI
RS Uaisy Whse) II MIS
b.75lea
RS UMP400
RS LP I. IV (Zip PacK)
2.75Jea
DIAbLO
RS LP I, II. IV (Cart.)
5.B5lea
OKHJAIAB1
VIII
7.00lea. 5.50/ea.
II M/S
4.50lea. 5.00/ea.
9 U21 i ii
PRESSURE SENSITIVE
(Extia line perforations i
LABELS ONE ACHOSSJ 1-2
I47IB1 *n
H2
a
I]
Gresn Bai
1000/ctn
9-1/2
.it
1/2' Gieen Bdr, 15 Ib
1 pi
35O0Jctn.
'■! '' I *'.'i ■■' .- .'j u^:
Fra.ghi Llwga* j^iii"ii lo r rpu.i . iru uu
<r jlli u» M|'Ci*1i].U, LirUn111'J .'i l'ihuh qi i
p iriffi «aaivht
S
For Credil Card Orders ONLY'Call Toll Free 1-800-225-8249
152 / RUN February 1984
sea
power,
land and sea forces, you must maneuver your naval licet through hidden pas
way through ihe island's defense system and force a final confrontation with the
fortress.
Send for ouf Free Brochure o( Computer Supplies. Ask tor Catalog No. DP-50.
J j P.O. BOX 60 • DEFT. R • WOLLASTON, MA 0217O0OB0 - 817-963-5510
and
good and evil, you must thread your
N[i
fii dan I "■■■i* i"
,
air
tanks on the beach. In a fight between
!■,! ■
■.'M.rl'inacrn.a-.ir.li.i.i.l,,,
BILL COLE ENTERPRISES, INC.
The
tacks and finally land your amphibious
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
C O LJ eta - ■
ruthless dictator.
sages, overcome great air and sea at
ALL COMPUTER SUPPLIES AT DISCOUNT PRICES rhQ
a
As Chief Commander of your own
ONLY S40.00/cln.
I - ll I I
by
heavy artillery and tough land forces.
l pt. 1500'cin
STANDARD PACKAGING Bldnfc. 15 ib l ol 33OOi(.tn ONLY S26.00/c!n.
H-7,'6" « "
The fortress, circa World War II, is located on an island which has been tak
arsenal—strong
ONLY S16.25(ctn. 15 ID
island stronghold.
island is protected by a tremendous
ONLY S25.00/Ctn.
■ 15/18
ONLY S2./U/M
Oitier m increments ol 5 ODD
MINI PACKS Blank 20 tb I pi
Lake City, UT 84)05), you are chal lenged to conquer a fortress on an
en over
COMPUTER PAPER
from Access Soft
Inc. (925 East 900 South, Sail
-n
Beach-head is available on tape or
disk for ihc Commodore 64. It costs
$34.95. Check Reader Service number 417.
Speed Racer and Candy Bandit T
&
F Software
(10902
Riverside
Drive, North Hollywood, CA 91602) has released Speed Racer and Candy Bandit for the Commodore 64. Speed
Racer puts you behind the
wheel of a speeding car on a busy city street. You have the option of acting as an
angel or a devil—you can
score
"heavenly" points by avoiding the pe destrians, or "devilish" points by run
ning over everything in sight. You con trol your speed and steering with your joystick.
Combat in Deep Space Can you stop the enemy ships, or will
the Scyons plunder Earth and reduce your starship (o Ion dust? In Star Battle, a C-64 strategy game with 3-D graphics, you are captain of the Starship Columbia—your mission is
to save Earth from the infamous Scyons. The battle takes place in a three-dimensional galaxy wilh 64 quadrants. Your starship is equipped with
warp
phasers, vanced
and
photon
hyper-light torpedoes,
tracking/viewing
driver, an
system
ad and
In Candy Bandit, you are a sweet-
Scafox, from Br^derbund Software
toothed candy thief intent on stealing as
(17 Paul Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903) is available for the VIC-20.
much candy
as possible
while
being
chased by a sheriff. Besides eluding the
In Seafox, you are the captain of a
sheriff, you must avoid hitting the walls, or you'll stick to them. There are
submarine. Your mission is to wipe out a convoy of enemy ships and their es
11
corts. You will need superior maneu
difficulty levels—you
must search
for rotating doorways to advance to the
vering ability and fortitude to dodge
more challenging levels.
exploding depth charges, mines and tor pedoes. Keep a sharp watch for your
Speed Racer and Candy Bandit are
available on disk or cassette for $29.95 each.
Based
surprise ally—he'll help you survive. Seafox is available on cartridge for
Check Reader Service number 422.
$34.95. Check Reader Service number 424.
OBNAC 3000. OBNAC (Objective
Slyness at Sea
Naviga
tion and Attack Computer) helps you track down and destroy enemy ships. A
Cucle 182 on Readei Service card
keyboard overlay is included to trans
COMPUTER INTERFACES
form the computer into the OBNAC control console. Star Battle has ten skill levels. It is
available on disk for $24.95 from Timeworks, Inc., 405 Lake Cook Road, PO Box 321, Deerfield, IL 60015. Check Reader Service number 419.
ANALOG AND DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT MODULES The BUSSter tine of analog and digital
products was designed lo colli'Lt data .md
to output signals to laboratoiyand Industri
al equipment in conjunction with a microcomputer system. These powerful
self-contained modules reduce d comput
er's workload by providing read nr wrile
They're Everywhere! In Killerpiller, from Castle Software, Inc.
(PO Box 350, New Castle, DE
19720), you are a pestered pest eradicator waging war against hungry cat erpillars that are out to devour your orchard. The Killerpillers grow at an alarming
operations to external devices, rhey are
controlled as slave interfaces to real-WOrld physical applications. Control is over an IEEE-4R8 (GPIB) bus or RS-J12 port.
BUSSter modules .ire available Ifl several digital ilntl analog configuration!!. The internal
buffer and timer provide flexibility by allowing I hi' HUSSter to collecl data while the host computer is busy with other tasks. B USSter A64—64 channel digital input module to read 64 digital signals. Built-in buffer S495.00
rate as they cat your trees. You must
BUSSter B64—64 channel digital output module to send 64 digital signals £495.00
fight back with your lethal spray. The
BUSSter C64—64 channel digital inpuLoutput
Killerpillers lay eggs that hatch into two kinds of moths—normal and mulant. The moths protect the munching Killer pillers from your spray. The Commodore 64 version is avail able at the special introductory prices of $9.99 on cassette and SJ2.75 on disk. A VIC-20 version is available on cassette for $15.99. Check Reader Service number 418.
module to read 32 and write 32 digital signals. Built-in buffer
$495.00
BUSSIor D16—16 channel analog input module to read up to 16 analog signals with 8 bit resolution ('/.%) Built-in Culter $495.00 BUSSter D32—32 channel version ol the
D16
BUSSter E16—16 channel version of the E4 $695.00
Add Ihe surrii -G lor IEEE-A88 (GPIB) or -R lor RS-232. All prices are USA only. Prices and specifica tions subject to change without notice. 30 DAY TRIAL-
Purchase a BUSSter product, use it. and il you
are not completely satisfied, return it within 30 days and receive a lull refund
US Dollars Quoted
S10 00 Shipping 8 Handling
MASTERCARD VISA
'
S595.00
BUSSter E4—4 channel analog output module to send 4 analog signals with 12 bit resolution (.06%) $495.00 BUSSter E8—B channel version of the E4 $595.00
Connecticut microcomputer, Inc.
INSTRUMENT DIVISION
36 Del Mar Drive Brook lie Id. Ct. 06804 (203] 775-4595 TWX: 710-456-0052
RUN February 1984 /153
Hardware RUNdown Compiled by Shawn Laflammc
Panasonic Printers Panasonic Industrial Company (One
Input/Output hoards
Panasonic Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) has released
iwo dot
Micro
matrix impact
and graph capabilities.
put/output
are compatible with the Commodore 64andtheVIC-20.
An optional front inserter is available to print single sheets, it costs S1750. The Model KX-P1090 is a bidirec tional printer that can accommodate an 8.5 inch roll of paper or fan fold and letter paper from four to ten inches wide. It costs $499. Check Reader Service number 433.
(3333
S.
Lakewood,
boards for the Commo
dore 64 and the V1C-20.
Expansion Interface Board
The Model KX-P1160 is a bidirec fold paper from four to 15 inches wide.
Electronix
CO 80227) has released universal in
Both printers
tional printer capable of handling fan-
World
Wadswonh Blvd. WT105,
printers featuring high-speed priming
Each board features a
The Micro-X64 is an expansion in
8-bit converter with
16 channel
100 pis sampling
terface board for the Commodore 64.
time,
It works with a combination of differ
age/high current discrete outputs and
a
D/A output,
16
high volt
one EROM socket. Up to six multiple
ent peripherals and programs. The board has three expansion slots.
boards may be used to provide addi
Two of these are in a vertical position
tional channels. The boards are useful
and are used with programs on car
in university physics labs, electrical en
tridge. The third slot is on the left side
gineering labs and hospitals.
of the board and has a horizontal ori entation. The Micro-X64 also features a pause switch that can halt a program or ma
The
MW-311V,
costs $205.
The
the
V1C-20,
MW-311C,
for
for the
C-64, costs S225.
Check Reader Service number 438.
chine function and start it again at the
same point. The "nondestructive" re
Take Cover Tailored cloth covers for your Com
modore printer are available from Dis covery Design Center (PO Box 72289, Roselle, 1L 60172). The covers are available in colors and
fabrics designed
to
match
any
home or small office decor. You can select
from
three
alternativesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;tan
duck with navy blue trim, blue denim
with white trim or chestnut suedecloth trimmed with chocolate brown. The
static
all-cloth
electricity.
covers
They
button
can
restart
the
C-64
at
any point and will not interfere with
machine-language
programming
in
memory.
The
Micro-X64
is
available
for
$49.95 from Compuscope, Inc., 6400 Signal Road, Tillamook, OR 97141. Check Reader Service number 439.
Software News The Soft-Guide Newsletter consists entirely of software
reviews
for the
V1C-20 and the Commodore 64. In
each issue, you will find information about the available software for your
micro without wading through infor mation about other systems. The newsletter is available to sub scribers for $19.95 for twelve monthly
won't
create
issues. It is published by J.H. Wheeier
cost
$12.50
Co., 4974 N. Fresno St., Suite 303,
each. Check Reader Service number 430. 154 / RUN February 1984
set
Fresno, CA 93726.
Check Reader Service number 436.
Ciide 14 on Reader Service c
EASTCOAST SOFTWARE
VIC 20
No hidden rftnnjM.' No credit card/en!
LIST
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f.
2N an
20.70
'I'l'I,
.17 95
TGJ P™C
15 05
W IS
39 95
S»onl cJ FmboI C O
13 10
16,1)0
15 11(1
!9 95
28-33
28 'Ml 111 55
1-1 .Jr,
TO 95
35 35
20 70 21 75
J'l'T.
■lo mi
Plan.'l Mums C Wannls", 1> Pwyan CD
10 35
28 30
■,,,,.
tl 'I I
Phainh'i Cmiv C'U P.I..I
16 00 17,95 IS 95 MWi 2<1 95
ui
Tl 55
2S) 45 .14 95
Jumpnion t' l>
11 15 24 15 .15.35
2M 75 34 95
■ lulc* n
2K 30 21 B0
19 95
■11 95
JawbfHkfl D'R
II i5
23 71)
a 4ft II 15
71 95 14 95
Humi' Inwnav "
-h
2K 30
59 95
'fcebM?*
29 95
LIST
Cnidtn I6K M(mOT> Caiii Coiilcu 'S Sful F.«Pfih 'i-hi
SALS
»
CHECK ONE: Cwd'
_
VISA
MASTERCAHD _ Enu
:n
39 05 C*y
Wr STiln UPS - Shipping II 112 50 irar. ) C.O.IJ Aild An AddllliHi.l 12,Sil HwnValr [I'rtnmi'M mi.)
800-233-3237
Shipping I, \J 50 . b% IU.P.S )
fra All Mall, (.-nodlin. A«) TK). IT OvVIHH Ordrn. ' . 1% n( T.imI Oi.lrr [US lund.1
VISA'
NO Minimum Older
l Ti>Chnni]F Tim ad prppjn.fri SF
r. 1983
RUN Febnian- 1984 / 155
Reference Cards Nanos System Reference Cards (Nanos Systems Corp., PO Box 24344 Speedway, IN 46224) are available lor the Commodore 64 and the VIC-20.
Take It with You
The accordion-style cards of 16 panels can be folded to fit tn your pocket. These cards eliminate Flipping through the manual when you need in
Molded carrying cases for the Com modore 64 and the VIC-20 are avail able from Southern Case, Inc. (2315 Laurelbrook St., PO Box 28147,
formation.
The cards give you organized sum maries of Basic language and syntax;
error messages; special keys; graphics, color and music codes; ASCII tables;
memory map; useful memory loca tions and system routines; I/O device codes; screen layout tables; using sprites on the C-64; and more. They are organized for quick refer ence and provide complete informa
tion at a glance. Each set of cards costs S5.95. Check Reader Service number 427.
Raleigh, NC 27611).
Protect Your System Computer
Power
Solutions,
Inc.
(8800 49th Street North, Suite 203. Pinellas Park, FL 33565) has added a new model to its line of surge sup pressors for EC power lines. Electra-Guard System 2 is a solidstale clamping device designed to protect your Commodore system. It eliminates undetected
submicrosecond
overvolt-
age transients from electrical circuits. It expands a standard duplex ((wo out
let) power receptacle lo provide six out lets. It is available for $49.95. Check Reader Service number 441.
The TravelMaster TCC-2360 is de signed to store and transport the Com modore 64 keyboard and disk drive. The TCV-2360 will hold the VIC-20
system,
including
the
VIC-20
key
board, cassette recorder, power pack
unit, four cassette cartridges and two joysticks.
The cases have luggage-siyle handles
and locking latches. They are made of polyethelene with high density die cut foam interiors. They are available for $79.95 each. Check Reader Service number 432.
Make the Connection The Auto-Prim Microconnection, a
In Need of Security?
modem for the Commodore 64 and the VIC-20, features both an autodial and autoanswer capability, It also has a built-in Centronics compatible parallel printer port. The combination modem and print er interface plugs directly into the com puter without the need for additional
interface devices. Telecommunications software
is
included
in
the
user's
manual. The printer port lets you connect conventional parallel printers such as
the Epson MX-100, Star Gemini 10X,
Tally and Okidata 82A to the back of the modem. With the modem connect
ed to the phone line, the printer will si multaneously provide hard copy of whatever appears on your screen.
The unit measures 5"x6"x2" and
weighs two pounds. It costs S149.95. The Microperipheral Corporation, 2565 152nd Ave. N.E., Redmond, WA 98052.
Check Reader Service number 428.
156 / RUN Febnuiy
Janee Associates. Inc. (PO Box 234,
Need Guidance? Quick
Reference
Guides
for
the
Commodore 64 and [he VIC-20 are
available from John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158).
The guides are designed to give you instant access to your micro's myriad programming
symbols,
statements,
commands and controls. The guides list and define: Basic statements; sys tem controls; input/output processing statements;
memory statements; error
messages; video and graphics controls; basic functions; and arithmetic opera tions symbols.
Each guide is 6"xl2". opening to four panels. They cost $2.95 each. Check Reader Service number 435.
East Texas, PA 18046), has released
the Jance Computer Controlled Home Security/Control System.
The syscem can be operated by a Commodore 64 or a VIC-20. A soft ware program on disk or cassette en
ables you to adapt the security/control system to Tit your home and individual life-style. An add-on home control fea ture allows real time control of your electrical appliances.
The system kit is designed for do-ityourself installation. The system fea tures: hard wire perimeter protection;
outside and inside alarms; magnetic switches on doors and windows; a panic button; window warning decals; and more. The system also includes a computer
interface cartridge, 200 feet of wire and
a 12 volt dc power supply. It is avail able for $195. Check Reader Service number 426.
Circle 5< on Rctdor Service card
AT LAST!
BOOKS THAT TELL ALL!
C-64 VIC 20 ATARI
Commodore 64: The Inside View and Vic 20: The Inside View are indespensible tools tor anyone developing machine language programs. Written by Microcom puter Consultant Bruce Atkins, these books unveil the technical inner workings of both computers. Included
CHILD
in each volume is: ■ a hardware/firmware overview
DEVELOPMENT
BECMNi
• details of the operating system kernal and Basic interpreter
SERIES
• details of bugs and documentation irregularities • complete disk drivo hardware/firmware documentation • six programs: IJmachine language monitor; 2) disassembler; 3) mini-assembler; 4) disk copy; 5) disk sector dump; 6) disk sector patch
A* -'
ADD/SUB—$16.95
A
4-Jft
digits with or without
AA
AA 4
scoring, and feedback.
AA\ LBA COMPUTER PRODUCTS P.O. Box 2009
(415) 828-2754
Dublin, CA 94568
I
Displays single or muitiple
pictures, borrows, carries,
Please send me; . VIC 20: The Inside View @ $14.95 _ Commodore 64: The Inside View @ S16.95-
NUMER-BECi — $16.95
Shipping/Handling S2.00 per book
CA Residents add 6"?%
Enclosed
Number recognition,
4
Total _
Name
object counting, object grouping, and number/size/shape
discrimination.
Address
City
Zip
State
VIC 2t)andCornriloraom<S'! Hfclr.ii](.'marksolConii"odorp Business Machines. Fnc
ALPHA-BECi — $16.95 Twenty-six screens with letters/pictures/labels
Circle Ml on Reader Sorvico card
'built' on the screen. (VIC-20only)
MicioBase wriucu by aliens
ARFON DENIES UFO INVOLVEMENT I afayc(te,I_A--OffuiaK
ai
Arfon
2389 813
M. So he crime up uiili MIcroBUQi ilic
MkrodecTronici today denied COnntc
lirst data base tO run iiHrn li.uipcibly
lions
on Ihe VKn and M
between
iheir
program
Micro Base and recency ceporred UFO landings
in
[he
Surrounding
At-
user'Configurability,
sort
capabittiy.
raid.
apprehended
It allots up to 12 lirldsper retord. up
Patrick Doyle, vice-president of ihe
to 80 charaderv per field, and up to
company, and several co-worVcr*, as
|*)f
they tried vainly lo escape in Lheir pirogue. The polire report dJegd thai
memory're^ident,
characters
pet
TfcOrd.
And
so it's fulrr
HTs
lhan
di^k in (jpereMiient dala basCK.
the SU&peetl were seen ai'Lciidnji com puter
programs,
MkrnUaseT from
thou^hl
a
LD
rrporteiily
he
nJirn
"We an only speculAff ihat the UFO t union
were
stjrlcil
hecnu^c
of
vehicle, Doyle released the following
Micrnlla^e's
sTaiement on Monday morning:
52^.^5 for rapt and $M 95 for disk "
"] would like to reply to the allega-
When asVcd juii «hat he and the Ar-
isons lhai due program MicroKase ujh.
fonslaff *eredomp in the middle of a
HirElen l>> aliens. I will concede that
svtamp
Micro Hasp is out of \t\\\ *orld. *irhiu
modorc 64 and an undisclosed number
ipecd, ilmpBdly, ami vcr^aulity, bin
nf
it mm! certainly is nol ihe product nl
replied, "CftEttogtni ihe atllgllOn, of
liltle green men,
course."
"Fur
the
record,
let me
stale thai
with up to four digits in
1942257
digits in multiplier.
multiplicand and three
MICTOBflM has all
and sr»en different search parameters.
police
Multiplication program
71 67 2389 19112
the feamrcA of ihe higher data bases:
chaEalaia Basin. In a daring midnight Lafa>efte
MULT-BECi— $16.95
For
ai
unearthly
midmghl
MiCToBaac
more
All programs feature numerals and letters in extra large format on the screen and are
available on cassette tapes from your dealer or directly from BECi.
Add 5% or a $2.00 minimum for postage and handling.
priLc--on!y
*ith
a
pronrjim*^
Write for a tree brochure!
ComDoyle
BOSTON EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING, INC. Dapt. R
information
about
MicroBasewas writlen by a human be
MicroBase and other Arfon product,
ing like you oi me. whq-wa^ contcrtied
call
abcuT Ihe lack of quality personal dala
Micro, 111 Rena Drive, Lafa>elte, LA
base* for ihe VlC 20 and Commodore
7050^. Dealer inqmtirs are *ckomer
O\S} 9B8-24S9 or
wrile
Arfon
76 Dartmouth Sireet
Boston, MA 02116 (617)538-5116
Dealer Inquiries Invited
RUN February 1984 / 157
Software RUNdown Compiled by Shawn Laflamme
-O.
Bee a Better Speller Spellbound, from Timeworks, Inc.
(PO Box 321, Deerfield, IL 60015), is an educational spelling game for the Commodore 64.
Using a joystick, the child guides a bee around the screen and strings the letters of a selected
Music and Sound Effects Electronic Lab Industries (100 West
22nd St., PO Box 7167, Baltimore, MD 21218) has released three music and sound effects synthesis packages for the Commodore 64. With Note Pro 1 and II, you can
word in proper
order. But if he strings the wrong letter or crosses his own path, the bee ex plodes and he must start again.
There are ten skill levels for children from age six to 18. It is available on disk forS24.95. Check Reader Service number 409.
Designer
fects on a treble clef musical staff.
With Note Pro II, you can enter or
modore fA has been announced by Midwest Micro, Inc. (311 West 72nd St., Kansas City, MO 64114).
create and play music and sound ef Note Pro 1 offers one measure of treble clef per screen.
Joystick Drawing New software for high-resolution drawing on the VIC-20 and the Com
Add a Keypad To Your C-64
Screens
enables
you
to
draw high-resolution pictures with a
joystick, make printed copies and save
the pictures on tape or disk.
edit an eight measure section of music on each screen using a five line musical staff. You can repeat sections of
ia. Inc. (PO Box 784, Ames, IA 50010),
You can draw single points and nar row, wide, curvy or straight lines. The
is a utility program that converts part
program has a picture library that you
music, switch their order of occurrence
of the Commodore 64 keyboard into a
and play music backwards. Note Pro
keypad for rapid data entry.
Bridge allows the expert programmer
and the beginner to add music and sound effects to their entertainment or educational programs,
All three packages include documen tation, sample compositions and tone
settings. Note Pro ! and Note Pro Bridge cost S24.95 on tape and $27.95 on disk. Note Pro II costs S46.95 on tape and S49.95 on disk. Check Reader Service number 412.
The Numeric Keypad, from Cyber-
Versions are available for the C-64,
You can chain the Numeric Keypad program to most application pro grams, so that each time you run the application program, the keypad func tion is automatically available. The keypad program can be used for busi
and both the expanded and unexpanded VIC-20. Full features on the VIC-20 require 8K minimum memory expansion. Supports VIC 1515/1525
ness, word processing, accounting and
printers.
and popular parallel dot-addressable
compatible key-top labels. It is avail
Designer Screens requires a joystick; a printer and disk drive are optional. It is available on disk or cassette for
able on disk for S14.95.
S29.95.
educational applications. The program package includes C-64
Check Reader Service number 411. 158 / RUN February 1084
can use as is or modify by joystick drawing.
Check Reader Service number 403.
Circle 17 or
Circle 152 on Roador Scrvicocara
idflf SerwJcrj c»fd
\CENERAL SYSTEMS CONSULTING /
ub \.
B
V
2312 RotEng Rotk Driw
Commodore 64
yr
and
ca
VIC-20
COMHOOOHf VIC JO TTMtX SINCLAJB 1940 T1 W(A
jam
A F
-|K MLhvjLU - ■" I [r]
-i, t
(404) 433 -7143
■ i
(404) 243-73S9 Elll TA LOUD
* A, irm 1H rttafs.Dfi
vie
n
M
■A
d«
BAH dUUT)
-J
annuity ivri^jiroh*
COMM
n
'1 *S
■
.^
in
' n
ir.«
Ml
Telecommunications
111
■1i*]
"■»
n!«
1AICMT IMC CU.^t BALANCE LHPmciATion a<
?i-
'
i Q
. .-- .
^— "•owe 'Nvturoc
1 H
-tOMl P-WAdlES
< -rt
MO«t eourv t valuator
H
as
41
_1LL*J
iS
*a
-.* r?l
'■ -.'■
H
■^
—ji;S ~t \<, t
BrX ■SJ.I.V',.'.
*<*
HA
l.
serious computer users. Look us over; SuperTerm
_a
isn't just "another" terminal program. Like our famous Terminal-40, It's the one others will be
1
Judged by.
"lTrt
IU1 "IT «
■
■ rt
■ M
n ;^
EMULATION—Most popular terminal protocols: cursor addressing, clear, home. etc.
m
"I -^ ■■^Tai
Yi-n't MUrr
.»i."L>&S POSTAGE MAnOlENC r.A
L(rEVrC||
compatibility, especially for professionals and
'
1
n n
^ s- '\i r-- ■■ TS
Unexcelled communications power and
*\
•, "
■■[I.W1
*S .<M LONG FO
with a difference!
«—'
--:^--
il*1
ESKSMH tllKO
_ m...
llB
ifwntNT* m^iurt ta*
■ EDITING—Full-screen editing of Receive Buffer ■ UP/DOWNLOAD FORMATS-CBM. Xon-Xoff,
Mi:>^-n'0-'i;SK ■;'n«Mf ona[O«LY
ClTV 1TAT1
CM.
DM
■
ACK-IMAK, CompuServe, etc. • FLEXIBILITY-Select Dtfud, duplex, parity, stopbits.
etc. Even work off-line, then upload to system!
mil
• DISPLAY MODES-40 column; 80/132 with side-scrolling
■ Crrcla 1BSon Reader Servlcfi card
DISK UTILITIES FOR COMMODORE COMPUTERS "DISK SUPPORT (S14.95 postage paid)"
This orogram, wnttan (or Ihe VIC-20 snd COMMODORE 64. pioviOos a IK machine language extension wtiich adds lwel« new commmnda to yoirr compulora operallng
■yiMrn Not to 06 confuMfl with the combersome "wedge-. DISK SUPPORT ofers 12 M»rmla. «Iy lo UBSr Ewo-ke/alrohe commands which WORK' You can SAVE wiffi itilomwc VBRIFY. SAVE-WITti-RE PLACE (eliminating Commodore1! DOS bug). LOAD, VERIFY. DELETE, and RENAME Disk files with juti Iwo keystrokes Also DiovuMd are
commands whicti INITIALIZE, FORMAT and VALIDATE a diakotlo. EXECUTE
any program onthodlariBtle, print !no ERROR mBssagotothoacreBn, and Hat the diskette's directory to the screen {formatted for your computer's display) without affecling me contents ol the comnuiefs memory: all with only Iwo
FUNCTION KEYS-8 standard. 52 user-defined
■ BUFFERS—Receive. Transmit, Program, and Screen ■ PRINTING—Continuous printing with Smart ASCII interface and parallel printer; buffered printing otherwise
• DISK SUPPORT-Directoiy. Copy. Rename, Scratch
Options are selected by menus and EXEC file. Software on disk with special cartridge module. Compatible with CBM and HES Automodems; select ORIG/ANS mode, manual or autodial. Write for the full story on SuperTerm; or, If you already want that difference, order todayl
keyslrokes. DISH SUPPORT Is compatible wilft all memory ennansion cart ridges. Itie SUPER EXPANDER and PROGRAMMERS1 AID cartridges, and
Requires Commodore b> or VIC-20. disk Onus or Dsiatne. and
Micro Systems Development's VIE-20 and CIE-64 IEEE interlace cartridges.
specify VIC Of 64 wren ordering
DISK SUPPORTis designed lo work equally wellwith both singleand dual disK drivss and is a MUST lor all flish Orive use's1
"•DISK DUPLICATOR ($14.95 postage paid)*"
DISK DUPLICATOR li a machine languaan program which DroYldesyoultlie owner of a 1f340.1541 or 2031 ainglediaWdnv*) a fast and convenient way to make back-up copies of
your precious. IrrepUceible diskettes DISK DUPLICATOR u IOO^i MACHINE LAN
GUAGE. 100% FAST, and moat importantly. 100% AFFORDABLE1 DilKsttes are copies »er0etimwiihfljfewa»4eicriingei(using a COMMODORE 64) Oorfllelinncaaenica
mutakotmtcli you without back-up copies ol all your anketlei ORDER "DISK DUPLICA TOR" TODAVl
"'DISK RETRIEVER ($9.95 postage paid)*"
II you hava aver accidentally "SCRATCHED" a program or a dais Tile from ona at your diskettes and wished (here were only some way to recover that precious file,
DISK RETRIEVER is the program you've bean wailing for1 DISK H£TRlEVER is a 100^ machine language program (rial Will UNSCRATCH" all ol yOurdiSK files and restore lhem lo their original status. Lei DISK RETRIEVER turn back
companEir modem. VIC vtrjion requires I6K memoiy expansion Please
Smart ASCII Plus . .. $5995 The only Interface which mpports streaming — sending cnaracters simultaneously to the screen and printer — with SupeiTerm. Also great for use with your own programs or most
application programs, i.e.. word processors. Print modes: CBM Graphics |w/many dot-addr printers), TRANSLATE.
DaisyTRANSLATE, CSMA'ue ASCII, and PIPELINE. Complete with printer cable and manual. On disk or cassette.
tha clock and help you recover your "lost" programs and lites1
— SPECIAL'" Order all three DrOQrnms ill one lime and SAVE S5 00' If you order mo (hren dial" ulrlny
H&H ENTERPRISES 5056 North 41st Street Milwaukee. WI 53209
VIC 20 and Commotloni 64 arc IrademBrSs ol Commodora ElMlronlcs, Ltd.
(816) 333-7200 MIDWEST MICRO m<
Sand lor a free brochure
MAIL ORDER: aoa six) sMpping ma O W C.OO.% VS&Mnsl«cara icardK and e»P Ca'.ei. MO roaldantA add 5.625% silos i aj Foreign orOora payai*> U.S.S, U S. Bank ONLY, add SS ah^nDlrj.
311 WEST 72nd ST. • KANSAS CITY • MO • 64114
RUN February 1984 / 159
C-64 Code-Breaker CodeWriter
allows
users
of
the
Commodore 64 to design unique appli
cation programs without knowledge of computer programming.
Darkroom Delight
You use plain English to type the
It works with all black-and-white and color materials to provide expo
screen layout from and the calculations onto the computer's screen. CodeWriter translates them into computerlanguage code. Applications that can be developed with CodeWriter include: payables and
sure data for changes in: prim density;
Creative Software (230 East Carib bean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089) has released In the Chips, a concept-educa
receivables;
magnification; lens opening; paper type, emulsion batch and contrast
tional program for the VIC-20.
and personnel files; mailing lists; in
Darkstar, from F/22 Press (PO Box
141, Leonia, NJ 07605) solves prob lems commonly encountered in the photographic darkroom.
grade; variable contrast filters; neutral
density and color-printing filter-pack composilion. It also adjusts color-printing filter-
sales
analysis;
customer
voicing; inventory and production tracking; order entry and many other similar business uses. CodeWriter is available on disk for $99
from
Dynatech
MicroSoftwarc,
pack composition to correct prim color
Inc., 7847 N. Caldwell Ave., Niles, IL
balance, eliminate neutral density and compensate for color paper emulsion
60648.
changes.
It provides processing lime
■ Check Reader Service number 413.
the Commodore 64. It costs S49.95. Check Reader Service number 40].
Micro Music Music Construction Set is a music composilion
program
and
learning
lool for the Commodore 64. It lets ex perienced
musicians
and
beginners
compose and play their own music. The program lets you manipulate an on-screen "hand" with a joystick, key
board or touch pad to position notes, rests, sharps, flats, clef signs and other musical symbols on a formatted staff.
You can then immediately hear how your composition sounds.
The program includes a library of musical selections—from classical to rock—to help the musical novice begin
composing. It is available on disk for $40 from Electronic Arts, 2755 Cam pus Drive, San Matco, CA 94403. Check Reader Service number 410.
160 / RUN February 1U84
starts with $100,000 to finance com pany operations. The object of the game is to use your
its. You must make decisions regarding product development, inventory, pric
to virtually eliminate the need for tem Darkstar is available on cassette for
In the Chips tests the entrepreneurial
ability of one or two players in the de velopment and operation of game soft ware companies. Each company owner
capital in the most efficient way in or der to exceed your competitor's prof
Compensation for black-and-white films perature control.
In the Chips
ing and advertising.
64 Sprites on Your Screen Spritc-64, from Crosstech (2133 N. Fremont,
Chicago,
IL
60614),
is
a
In the Chips requires a joystick and is available on cartridge for $29.95. Check Reader Service number 405.
graphics utility that lets you have 64 sprites on the screen at the same time. The Commodore 64 video processor chip (VIC-Il) is capable of supporting eight sprites at a time. Sprite-64 divides the screen into eight areas referred to as "zones." Sprite-64 automatically adds a sprite
command to Basic.
It
supports ad
vanced features offered by sprites in
cluding: multicolored sprites; X and Y expansion; sprite/sprite and sprite/ background collision detection; and background/sprite priority. The
Sprite-64
package
includes
a
31-page manual and an assembler vec tor map. It is available on tape or disk for 549.95.
Check Reader Service number 407.
Tirminal Utility Program Softlaw Corporation (9072 Lyndale
Avenue So., Minneapolis, MN 55420) has released the VIP Terminal utility program for the Commodore 64, the
first of an interactive library of pro grams that will cover home and busi ness needs.
The high-resolution screen gives you a choice of four professional displays. In addition to the stock 40 charactersper-line display, the VIP Terminal of
fers a 64, 80 and a 106 column format display, all with 25 lines per screen. Full control of screen color as well as several character sets are also offered. The VIP Terminal supports lape and disk I/O and will work with any printer. It costs $49.95. Check Reader Service number 408.
Circle 164 on Rtxtaw Service card
ORDERS 1/800-824-6732 Nationwide 1/800-547-7861 in CA
B-1 Nuclear BombBr Blade ol Black Poole Choplifter Combat Leader
1280 . 31.96 35.96 31.96
Crush. Crumble, Chomp
24.00
Deadline
39.96
Fort Apocalypse
27.96
Frogger Grldrunner Jawbreaker. Juice
27.96 23.96 23.96 27.96
Jumpmon
Phoroah's Curse. Plonetfall Protector II
32.00
•
Repton
..27.96 39.96 27 96 31.96
W* ara pl*at*d to announce that wa ar* •xcluilv* d*al*ra tor
Ponth»r Computer Corporation I DEALER INQUIRIES PLEASE CALL!
New Products
C64 Assembler
Patience Polly
Cassette Disk
Patience Polly(Vic 20)
Cassette
Soaring
5995 29 95
15 95
Type Attack
31 96
Wordrace^^^^^^^i^^^6
34.95
Caltrans
34 95
BEST BUY Z80-Video Pak Video Pak 80
236.76 143.96
31.96 39.96
Telecommunications Software, Mailing
Temple ol Apshol Troshman
32.00 23.96
Topsee Turvee..
27.96
MISCELLANEOUS
Turmoil
27.96
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Zorfc lit
31.96
55,96 B7.76 24.96
RS232 Interlace
39.96
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Color 1
295.00
Color III 300G
395.00 149.00
Color Plus 300A
315.00
155.00
Both Packages Include. Wordmoster
(word processor). Mailing Lilt, Ust and Wordmaster can be merged.
64 Fourth(Adv. computer langouge) 55.96 6502 Professional Development System. 23.96
Hesmon PAL Smart ASCII
31.96 8.76 47 96
Turtle Graphics II
d7 9°
Telecommunications
il
23.96
12.00 14.40 19.96
Starcross Suspended
Hesmodem IEEE interface Joystick
:
15.95
31.96 .27.96
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10.36 27.96 27.96 23.96 27.96
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Serpentine Shamus
CPi Parallel interface Expandoport 4
Educational PAC 1 Facemaker Fraction Fever Hey Diddle Diddle Kids on Keys
Kill
23.96
13"Color Composite.,,
295.00
9"Green P11
119.00
12"Green PI-2 12"AmberPI-3
145,00 155.00
No dclayi with pcreonal ctMCkiI (Include drlv*f* llccnM numbMft bkttKlat*.) California
rnktonti add 6.5% mIm lax. Pa«tag« and handling pl*ot* call, foreign country ord*n, 15% of ordvr, S15.00 mln. po*tog« charg«. W« r*«*rv* th« right to mako typograpNcal •from.
(213)828-7565 For Technical Assistance 3113 Pico Bind Sanla Monica. Co 90405
Bank Street Writer
55.96
Car Cost
11.96
Check Book Decision Maker
28.00 11.96
Home Inventory House Hold Finance Loon Analyzer
11.96 23.96 11.96
Mailing List Quick Brown Fox Word Master
23.96 52.00 23.96
ProwrlteriO
Prowrlter 15 Prowrtter S15 Starwriter
P10 40CPS P10 50cps
398.00
698.00 770.00
1275.00 1575.00
82A ..
40B.D0
B3A B4P
658.00 995.00
84S
1100.00
92P 92S
517.00 585.00
93P
862.00
93S
954.00
130P^^liHx) 130S 140S
745.00 1349.00
315(Color)
495.00
Become a Micro Artist Graphics Designer 64 lets you design hi-res or lo-res graphics. You can use it
for architectural design, engineering graphics, graphic arts, artistic expres sion and more. The Graphics Designer 64 editor lets
you interactively create your picture. The editor is completely menu driven.
Inside Basic Sim Computer Producls, Inc. (1100 East Hector St., Wliiiemarsli, PA
19428), has released the Inside Basic series, a group of software packages
with
both the Commodore 64 and
V1C-20 versions on the same disk or cassette.
Titles in the series include Form Generator and Quiz Me. Form Gener ator lets you design any type of form from invoices to labels. It costs $29.95 on cassette and $34.95 on disk. Quiz Me is a testing program that lets you create a quiz for any subject. It costs $19.95 on cassette and $24.95 on disk.
Two other titles in the scries arc Ken tucky Derby and Number Jotlo. Check Reader Service number 414.
No
Tired of Taxing Tasks?
programming
is
necessary.
You
can edit a picture from the keyboard,
grams, Inc. (PO Box 93104, Milwau
Tax Command, from Practical Pro
with a joystick or a suitable light pen. You can draw lines, boxes, circles,
kee, WI 53202), is a Federal Income
ovals and triangles, and then fill them
Tax calculation program for ihe Com
in.
modore 64 and the VIC-20.
added. When you're finished, you can
Text
and
captions
can
also
be
save your pictures on disk.
Tax Command provides a line-by
line method of calculating income tax
The slide show feature lets you com
for federal tax forms, including form
bine pictures for later display. Yon can
1040.
also obtain hard
It
provides
income averaging,
Schedule A-itemized
deductions
copy of the hi-res
.screen on your VC-1515,
(in
1525E, Ep
son or Gemini printer.
cluding medical) and capital gains and
The Graphics Designer 64 is avail
losses. It contains tax tables for every
able on disk for the Commodore 64. It
filing status.
Tax Command does all mathemati
costs
cal calculations automatically; the built-in tax tables calculate your tax re
$34.95.
Abacus Software,
PO
Box 7211, Grand Rapids, MT 49510.
Check Reader Service number 400.
fund or payment. !( cosls $24.95. Check Reader Service number 406.
Circle 109 on Rnaner Service card
PERSONAL PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS presents:
SPEAKEASY
Coming Next Month SPECIAL FEATURES...
Meet
TED—We'll
Introduce
you
to
the
newest
member
of the
Commodore family. TED (alias Commodore 264 computer) is wellsuited for business, home and educational applications, as well as games, and boasts some impressive features.
VIC-20 SPEECH
COM-64 SPEECH
The C-M in Space—No, Ihis Im'l another Brcade-style space adventure; this article depicts a real-life adventure about a professional astronomer who feels at home in the heavens using his C-64. Read how the C-64 assisis this noted star-gazer in his search to discover the tenth planet. REVIEWS...
HOLIDAY SPECIALS Cartridge
instructions A Dictionary
Editor and Extension Soaakir Commodore 64 Adapter
S59 00 112 9b
HEWt EXCITING! SiMMMUktr™ frjr SjHifcMly
Direct English lo Spsech Software (Hag BK in Block S on VIC] adds now
Oasic command "SPEAK " use il like a prmi staiemsm in any Basic pro!ram" User dalinbla dictionary handles eiception words
fleo. J29.9S J299S
SUPER SPECIAL: Speakeasy Complete
J19 91 8K RAM - 3 SIqI Expansion Board
Reg S138 85
INCREDIBLE PRICES DH MEMORY EXPANSIONS
8K RAM/VIC-JO BWck Switched 16KRAM/VIC-2O
3SLOT/VIC-?OS»nti:heO/Fus»d/Reset 4 SLOT OT COM64 COM-54 Switched SwilcheO/FuseO/Reset /fuseo/Reset
AiumbM
1109 00
J29 95
Kit $24 95
24 96 44 95
34 95
K9 95 19 95
** 95
COMING SOON: Gamstalker™ and TBrminaltalker™ UK) U 00 TOU OttMr Mjm; n; ■ i: HtuMMI UK 6'/. SUM Tu
PERSONAL PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS P 0 BOX 3423
FOX VALLEY MALL
AURORA. IL 60505 • (312) 961 2347
r~"
fc
COM 64 5 VIC 20 IS A 1RADEMAHK Of COMMODORE
162 / RUN February 19S4
■
Spreadsheets—Readers will discover that spreadsheets are more than bed coverings; they're useful tools you can use with your Commodore machine. This article will uncover some of the uses, features, terms and expressions connected with spreadsheets.
Touch-Sensitive Input Devices—Two of the more well-known such devices for Commodore systems—Ihe Koala Pad Touch Tablet from Koala Technologies and the Power Pad from Chalk Board, Inc.— will be compared.
COLUMNS... For Gamesters Only—A new name column featuring reviews of the latest game programs for the VIC-20 and Commodore 64 will premiere next month.
Commodore Clinic—Jim Sirasina will again be on
hand to answer
readers' most pressing questions.
Magic—Louis Sander compiles a choice collection of liints and lips to help you get the most out of your computing systems.
Video Casino—This month's game program, entitled "Tunnel Run," depicts an exciting interplanetary chase.
The ULTIMATE Printer Interface?
In response to yourdemand CARDCO, Inc. proudly presents theCARD/?+G (CARDPRINT+G). Why Is it the ULTIMATE printer
We hope so. but because we have 2-1/2 technicians answer ing four incoming customer service phone lines, we have
Interface? Because it is "state of the art" today and because of
learned that )ust when you think
the product Is perfect some pro
our strong committment to
grammer finds a new way to do things and proves you wrong!
customer service it will stay that wayfor all your tomorrows.
When we at CARDCO, Inc. are told of a problem, we try to In
The CARD/?+G is available now from your local retailer. Sug
corporate the cure in all future
production. And as our customers
gested retail $89.95,
will attest, we do not leave ow" of older versions out in the col When an upgrade Is made In
If you own a version of the riginal CARD/?A, we are sorry le CARD/7+G is a totally new
production version of our Intel
product and you will not be
face, we make the upgrade
allowed a free upgrade. But if you want the capabilities of the new
available to all owners of that Interface, AT NO CHARGEI Free technical support, no charge product upgrades and a llfetl guarantee, we dare anyone to
CARD/?+G we do have a trade up policy, please contact our
customer service department for
do a better job of customer sup port.
That's all very nice, but what's all
details.
addressable graphics commands. And
this about the ULTIMATE printer interface? While answering your
you wanted to run all existing programs
service technicians listened to
functions of your printer.
technical questions our customer what you wanted. You wanted to
be able to print the full Commodore character set with
Commodore graphics, reversed
characters and reversed graphics. You wanted compatabillty with Commodore's normal
tab functions and high resolution dot space tab functions. You wanted to be able to use the
without modification and without giving
up the extra features and special
The CARD/?+G has DIP switch selection for the following fine printers: ■ Prowriter
■ C-ltoh8510
• StarGemlni 10X
■ NEC 8023 ■ Epson MX-80/100 • Epson RX-80/100
• Okidata 82/83/1 82/83/84 ■ Okidata 92/94 ■ AxiomGP/100
■ Epson FX-80/100
■ Gorilla Banana
If you don't need the graphics
capabilities of the CARD/?+G be sure to check out the new
CARD/?B. The "B" model offers all of the same features that have
made the CARD/?A the #\ selling printer interface In an economy
package. The CARD/7B is
compatible with programs not
requiring graphics functions (ie. Word Processors, Spread Sheets, etc.) and fully supported by our
customer service department
and the suggested retail price is onty $49.95.
313Mathewson • Wichita,Kansas67214« (316)267-6525^ Circle 85 on Roader Somce curd
Commodore'" Is a registered trademark of Commodore Business Systems, Inc.
cardco, inc.
Clrclo 3 on Raidar Semen
K commodore
INDISPENSABLE bur Most Important; Computing Needs
EasyScript 64
EasySpell64
EasyCalcE4
The Manager
Super-Expander 64
Displays 764 linos - WO characters PnntS to 130
30.000 word Master
Mul 11 pie electronic spread sheet with colot bar graph
Sophisticated database
21 special commands,
calfortB, orOssignyourown. Teil, formulas, graphics
resolution graphics. Music and game sounds
columns. Wtfts with
EasySpolt 64
^= cammodore | Easy Finance I— Loan Analysis 12 loan lunction;. Bar graph lorocnElingsswell
Dietiunary and automatic spelling checker. Wtoifcs
with EasySdpt 64
254 rows.
^k commodore Easy Finance II— Basic Investment
Analysis Inndions. Inveslmsnl bar graph.
Accounts Payable/
Accounts
11 funclions. Automaiic billing. 50 vondors/disk.
11 billing functions. Prinled statements.
Receivable/Billing
syslnm with 4 buJI-in appli-
Combine teil with high
■
Ck cammixbrs
Qz commodcii-e
: commodore
EnsyFinanco Ill-
Easy Finance IV— Business
Easy Finance V— Statistics and Forecasting
aibusinessrnanagerneni
Assess prasent/tulure sales trends with 9 statistics and lorecasting iunc lions.
Advanced
Inwestment
Analysis
16 stock investment
as calculation
Checkwrltlng
toaturfi. 63 columns *
16 capital investment functions. Bar graphs.
General Ledger
a general ledgor oplions.
Custom incomo statement, trial balances, leports.
Management
luaiures. Bar graphs
Inventory
Management
1000 inventory iloms. Full reports
~ commodore
COMPUTERS
First In Quality Software
Payroll
24 different payroll
functions. Integrated wild G/L system,