Commodore_MicroComputer_Issue_40_1986_Mar_Apr by Zetmoon

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Software Reviews:, The Haltey Project Ultima IV: Quest of the-Avatar

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And mor

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Personal Library Manager Directory Alphabetizer Any Printer 64 03

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.TJI^ng |0UONDgi3LU|iO^IOlU3pDUp3J3UlD0JDilHBI , JUI 'wriGlllO'} 3\d<lv CI p3^U

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A LOT OF COMPETITION. UNFAIR ADVANTAGE. Nobody ever said it was going ro be

easy. But it just got easier. Novy there's

Amiga.1" The first and only computer to give you a creative edge.

Amiga makes you look better,

sound better, work faster and more

productively. If can be your number cruncher, filing system, audio-visual department, graphic designer, print

shop and faithful workhorse.

You can't buy a personal computer

at any price that has all of Amiga's

features. Nor can you find one that's

easier to use. Amiga lets you point at

symbols instead of learning compli cated commands. Amiga is friendly but it's a power

house, too. It has twice the memory of

Macintosh'" or IBM® PC. It costs less than either of them and can do every thing they can do, better, because Amiga is more creative.

No other personal computer gives you over 4,000 colors, stereo sound and incredible dimension. Imagine

the advantage of preparing business presentations with color graphics and sophisticated animation right on your computer.

Need to make creative use of your

time? Amiga can do as many as four or five things at once in separate win dows on the screen. Not just display them, work on them. No other per sonal computer can.

Amiga will print the cover memo

while you're working on a spread

sheet. And there's probably enough

power left over to receive a phone

message or a stock quote over a

modem at the same time. Amiga is IBM-compatible, too. A

simple piece of software teaches

Amiga to emulate the IBM operating system, so you can run most IBM pro

grams. You'll have instant access to the largest library of business soft

ware in the world, including favorites like Lotus511,2,3 and dBase® And since Amiga is the last com puter you'll want to buy it was only

fair to make it endlessly expandable

and adaptable. You can plug in print ers (almost any kind), joysticks, your video recorder, video camera, modems, musical keyboards, draw ing pads, extra disk drives. You can even expand the memory to a whop ping 8 megabytes. Amiga will talk to you, read back what you write, answer your phone

and compose music like a profes

sional synthesizer. It can add new

creativity to your life and bring new life to everything you create. See an Authorized Amiga Dealer near you. Now that Amiga is here, the question isn't whether you can afford a computer, it is whether you

can afford to wait. Amiga by Commodore

Amiga makes telecommunica

tions fast, easy and colorful.

\£AMIGA GIVES YOU A CREATIVE EDGE.

It's Absolutely Shocking!!! After all these years, CMS Software Systems is still the only company providing professional quality accounting software for the complete line of Commodore business computers.

Whether you own an 8032, 8096, SuperPET, B-128, C-64, or the new C-128, we have a professionally written, fully integrated Accounting System designed especially for you.

Introduced in 1979, the CMS Accounting System was the first Accounting System available for Commodore computers. Not satisfied with just being first, we have continued to update, expand, and improve until today, the CMS Accounting System is widely recognized as one of the finest Accounting Systems available for any computer.

Now Available for the Commodore C-128

eneral Ledger Accounts Receivable Billing â&#x20AC;˘ Accounts Payable Job Costing ayroll

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For more information see your Commodore deatBr or call Cathy Yorkal214/289-0677.

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VOLUME 7, NUMBER 2. ISSUE 40

COIUEIUS

MARCH/APRIL 1986

comm iii microcomputers DEPARTMENTS

FEATURES

LETTERS

NEWS

SOFTWARE REVIEWS The Halley Project reviewed Dy Work Colons

Quest Of the Avatar reviewed by Shay Addams The Little Computer People Project reviewed t>y Dione LeBold

Personal Financial Planner reviewed by Gary Fields SwIttStieet reviewed by Ervin Bobo

KoratekO reviewed by Gary Fields Bo nowed Time reviewed by Etvin Booo Stein man Spreadsheet reviewed by Stephen Leven Team Mate reviewed by Donaia Graham Proteus reviewed by Kelley Essoe Paul Whitehead Teaches Chess reviewed by Rich Teverbough

Essex reviewed by Gary fields HelpMaster 64 reviewed by JormJ Kottler

Brimstone reviewed by Marti Colons

HARDWARE REVIEWS BASIC reviewed by Woll

; ;wry

TECHNICAL TIPS Random Thoughts by Mark Zimmermarin

Getting Started With MIDI by David Brooks

128 USERS ONLY BASIC 7.0 Tokens by Robert w Boker Dual Screen by Jerry a. sturairom

64 USERS ONLY e Pencil

Any Printer 64 ay Gaiy Fields

tiie lent

Personal Library Manager by Jatin Lane

is fop

Directory Alphabets II byiouisF Sander

The Scissors jre fon

PROGRAMMERS' TIPS

Ths CaHsi'3 is foe copyins

ileletina t?Âťt.

1985 Federal Income Tax Program by Gernara schilling

109

"Lite" In the Fast Lane by Mom Kaugon

113

Multi-COlor Pie Graphs Dy Cyndie Me/ten, Saron Meyer. Aniy Mountcaslle

USER GROUPS

text.

if! Paste Jir is for p

or copied text.

115

Ihe A!igjihent Brush is for charging the ttxt fornst.

The Style Brush is for

[=] Double

Tevt

changing Iwpe styles.

HOW TO ENTER PROGRAM IN

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTERS ADVERTISERS' INDEX

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

YOU'RE DOING MORE THAN EVER SO SHOULD YOUR SOFTWARE

STAFF Publisher Robert (VI. Kenney Assistant to the Publisher Mary Grace Nlcollne Editor Diane leBold

Assistant Editor

Integrated Performance and Versatility The reolly exciting thing obour integrated software is rhot you can tailor it to fit your needs. Use the word processing ro produce error-free copy. Organize file information, then use identifying keys to produce letters and reports without retyping, Or you can keep research notes and selectively

recall them to include in q term paper. Rental properties1 Stock portfolio' Budgeting? The spreadsheet helps you to momror your money and investments To include O visual presenta tion with your report simply use the graphics capobilities. Decouse rhe programs reside in memory together, you work without breaking your pace. Mo fussing with load

Carol Mmiou Technical Editor Jim Gracely

Assistant Technical Editor Sun Won Kim Contributing Editor Louis F. Sander Art Director

Robert C. Andersen Assistant Art Director Nancy A. Walker Advertising Coordinator Cheryl Griffith

ing various disks. No time lost in creating doro transfer files. 5o you are free ro create new woys to use your softwate.

Enrerrainmenr rhor Excites the Senses Ride rhe winds on your magic corpet. explore

goloxies. learn obour weather patterns. For think ers, graphic adventures ptovide hours of intrigue os you seek ro rid o haunted town of its ghostly visitors. Of explore new terntoties in your guest to

rescue the princess from rhe evil wizard,

As You Grow, We Grow $5.00 Update or C-128 Upgrade $20.00 Exchange for Complete System Soon, you'll be able to creore "macros" to record lengrhy keystroke sequences and ploy them bock with

Circulation

Thomas C. McNomaro Advertising Representatives S0UIHt*St*NDWI5T

Warren Longer, Spencer 0. Smith Warren Longer Associates

9320 NW 2nd Street Coial Springs, FL 33065

Advertising Inquiries Only 305/753-4124 M.L!,*.il.r-r. m. MIDWlSt ANONtWENOUHD

Pamela S. Fedor, Randy Fedar Fedor& Fedor 700 River Road Fair Haven, NJ07701 201/741-5784

o single command. Search for information across multiple disks. Program

rhe sofrware for specific applications. And more. Our upgrade/exchonge policy allows you to expand your sysrem without sacrificing data disks.

The More You Do. The More We Help You Do It Oecause so many people ore doing more things wirh Tri Micro software, you II never have ro worry about odvice or support. Jusr ask one of rhe more than 70,000 peo

ple who use ir. "Thank you ogam for your phone coll, Ir is refreshing ro deal wirh a company that shows concern for rhe consumer." LJ. Harmerr. CA. 'Tri Micro has created o new set of srondards for software inregtotion that other manufacturers will surely wanr to match." RUN, July 1965.

QUIETLY, A STANDARD IS BORN. FonheC-6.l-.Gt3e'" Plui4~ ond Aran~

TRI u MICRO

14072 Strorton Way, Santo Ana. CA 92705 (714) 832-6707 A

MARCH/APRIL r86

Commodore Microcomputers, Volume 7. Number 2.

Issue 40, March/April 1986. ISBN0-8B731-056-7.

Commodore MiuoQompters (ISSN 0744-8724) is published bi-monthly by Contemporary Marketing Inc.,

1200 Wilson Drive, WbsI ChDSler. PA 193B0. U.S.A. U.S. subscriber rate is S15 00 per year; Canadian sub

scriber rale is S20.00 pet year. Overseas subscriber rale is H5.00 per year. Queslions concerninfl subscription should be directed la Contemporary Marfcslmg Subscript tion Department. Box 651.

Holmes, Pennsylvania

19043. Phone (80O| 345-8112. In Pennsylvania (300)

652-24-14. Copyright & 1986 by Contemporary Market ing, Inc. All nghts reserved.

Contemporary Marketing also publishes Commodore

Power/Play. Application to mail at Second Class postage rates is

pending at West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, and addi tional mailing offices. POSTMASTER, send address

changes lo Contemporary Marketing, Boi 651. Holmes,

PA 19043. VIC 20-, Commodore 64'- and Super PET'- are

trademarks ol Commodore Electronics Ltd. PET' is a

registered trademark ol Commodore Business Ma

chines. Inc. CBM* is a registered trademark ot Com moaore Electronics Ltd.

ABC Membership applied lor.

SOFTWARE

LETTERS

Controversy Reading your article, "The Elec tronic Coiiugc Controversy," in the September/October 1985 Commo dore Microcomputers sparked quite a bit of anger, I myself operate a homebased mail-order business—licensed and registered—which was my only reason for purchasing a home com puter. with

Most people buy computers business

mind,

not

cause there is not enough room on the carl to disassemble and adjust the

and found that it was 101 to 102—

EASY TO USE,

well within the acceptable range—■

EASY TO AFFORD

and there was practically no trouble accessing the disk. However, upon re

in a high performance program thot Com modore users will discover to be one of the

ing number returned to 1 10 or greater.

best available." RUN. July 1985.

A little investigation showed that if

games, and for the AFL-CIO to say

(or my Commodore 17(11 monitor), there was trouble accessing the drive.

ban on computer work at home | is an

When the drive was to the right, there

absolute joke!

was little or no trouble.

1 The beauty is rhot at any time you con go from

one program

Information

loss."

ro another wirhour FAMILY

COMPUTING,

November 196d

"The File Manager allows individualized file formats A wide variery ranges from the

Island, there are

In conclusion, setting the di.sk drive

many minimum-wage companies who

to the left of a 'I"V or monitor can

report feature that lets you access a cerroin

practice incredible methods of bu

produce symptoms which mimic alignment problems. Readers might

group of records." RUN. April 1985.

against their employees. Most of these

want to check for this type of interfer

sheet." InfoWorld, Dec. 17, 1964.

companies lire you if you attempt to

ence before going to the trouble of

bring in a union. What is the AH.-CIO doing to protect these people?

having a drive realigned.

reaucracy,

Long

"Team-Motes integrated design has resulted

turning the drive to the cart, the tim

the disk drive was to the left of my TV

they are protecting us [by seeking a

'Who?"

drive, I moved it to my desk top, 1 then reeheeked my timing number

video

Here on

TRliSMICRO

my Commodore 6-i is set for use. Be

Electronic Cottage

abuse and non-benefits

Jack Ryan

If you read between the "Syntax

BrroiS," you will see that the AI-'L-CIO obviously has something to hide, and this ban is being imposed to prevent us

programmers from

digging

into

their computers to find out! Michael Cedeno

Brentwood, New York

1541 Electrical Interference My son"s Winnie the Poofo in the

Hundred Acre Woods program was

having difficulty loading some of the screen files and would sometimes provide an error message Indicating a

problem with the

15-il

disk drive.

This led me to believe that tlie drive might be out of alignment. So I checked with the "Check/Ad just Alignment" function of the 15 it

Dish Drive Alignment Program from CSM Software. This function deter mines the time to access every sev

El Dorado, Arkansas As a general rule, disk chives and

ability to create printed lists...to a selective

'Worrh the money, if only for the spread "As a marriage of convenience and volue the

program

netic fields—one of which

is the

transformer in your 7V or monitorto the right, left, or otherwise. In this case, however, placing the drive a lit tle farther away from the l70J's

transformer made a big difference. Nevertheless the left-right -rule" is not necessarily applicable to all TVs and monitors,

whose

transformers

may be located in a different place.

Work Station Improvements In the September/Oetober

]<JK=S

Commodore Microcomputers, there

handsomely.. In

feaiuies."

Commodore

Microcomputer.

May June 1985.

disks should never be stored anywhere near sources of electromag

succeeds

Micros spreadsheet possesses impressive

Team-Ma re, Wrire File. Home Office. Plus Graph Your Personal Accounranr Colorful graphics, sprightly music, and o variety of obstacles help keep the gome lively"

COMPUTE!1!

Gazette.

December

"Rug Rider is definitely a challenge. It gives the hard core game ployer qs much action and thrills as he or she could possibly want." POWER PLAY, April 1985.

Rug Rider, Enrertoiner 1. Corom

Snowdrifts 0 Sunny Skies. Ghosr Town

AND THERE ARE TWO

was an article hy Tom Bcnford called

REASONS TO BUY NOW

"Buikl This Economical Ergonomlc Work Station." The work station can be

Every purchase mode between now and January 15, 1986. will include a valuable

Improved with a few minor changes.

coupon book 'with savings on computer

1 plan to cut a hole in the desk

magazine subscriptions, diskettes, com

enth section of every fourth track of a Calibration Disk supplied with the

where the back portion of the disk drive is to be placed. This will im

puter books, accessories onrj software

program. Proper alignment is indicat

prove cooling ventilation. 1 also plan

warranty registration will

ed if the program reports a "timing

to put the printer on a lower level so

bership in the PLUS EXCHANGE, a usergroup

In oddinon, every one who moils in his receive mem

number" of about 100. 'Use program

it will not be necessary to stand up tn

of Tn Micro software for three months.

was indicating timing numbers of 110

see what is being printed. And lastly, I

to 1 I f>. and the blinking red light on the drive indicated thai there was dif

plan to add a small cantilevered shelf

Now that you know us berrer. next

ficulty in accessing sector eight of

supply. This will keep it off the floor

tracks five and one.

(where it can be kjeked) and off the

The disk drive and 'IV normally sit on the top shelf of a cart which 1 roll

main desktop to reduce clutter and

up to a side arm on the desk where

below the desktop to hold the power

heat. Incidentally, it

is a no-no around

rime you shop for software, instead of saying "WHO?", you'll say 'HELLO!"

TRIUMICRO

14072 Srrorron Way, Santo Ana. CA 92705

C714) 832-6707 COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

Animated

LET THE GAMES BEGIN color

graphics

music and sound create

exciting

magic RIDER.

here to have food or drink anywhere near our Commodore, unlike the au thor's coffee mug •'input device!" W. W. Varnedoejr,

effects

Buntsvllle, Alabama

enrenoirv

mem thai thrills the senses Ride

LETTERS

Many readers have cow men led on

the

winds on your carpet with RUG Grow in strength

the coffee mug sitting on top of the disk drive in the photo on page 85 of

and power as you ptepore

that

toi The confrontation with

issue.

Author Torn

Hertford

the Evil Genie.

swears the mug is then- to bold pen

ENTERTAINER, I provides o collection of fun. from defending the City from

cils and such—not coffee.

One Plus One Equals One

dreaded TFObots. ro pilot

In your Editor's Notes of the No

ing your Starshlp through intergolactic spoce. to finding and destroying the Evil Watlord's nucleor reoctot.

vember/December

Aspiring weather newsmen con begin leorning rheir trade with 5NOWOf.in5 0 SUNNY SKIES Predict romoirow s weather, using the weothei folklore, rermlnology, historical

Commodore Microcomputers,

suggested that we keep in touch.

patterns and weothe' map found in the Mam Room

Well, here is my response. I hope it

Meet the challenges of CQP.OM a graphic adventure Your mission is to rescue the fair princess from the evil sorcerer, defeating moorugs monsters, grocjgs. ond other

will be helpful

obstacles on your woy ro victory

Thinkers wirh o sense of humor will enjoy GHOST TOWN, specially designed for the Plus 4* As O graduate porapsychology studenr. your assignment is to quiet the (pints who hount rhe town of Rosedale

1985

issue

of you

The dividing line hetween the Commodore Microcomputers and

Poiter/P/ciy is becoming less clear, as you point out. I add that this is much

Come expedience ihe thrill of victory, ihe enjoyable agony of defeat with Tn Micro

to my satisfaction. I :im especially

enreirammenr

pleased With the increased emphasis

re moe inl0""Q''0rt on vrfiece ro buz Ti Miem sohwore cox C"'^) 602-6707.

'J /'Ui^/VUC./rt.O PO Box 11300. Sarva Ana CA9571!

(Ml programs other than games! The Pile Handler program in the June/July issue at Power!Play has proven espe

cially useful. I have used it not only as a mailing list but have compiled a tilrectory of Commodore 64 programs.

HOW TO TAME YOUR INFORMATION

TEAM-MATE, Will FILE and HOWE OFFICE

The sorting by fields (subjects) has

proven to be an outstanding feature, and my formerly haphazard search for articles has given way to a pointed search. 1 did convert the program to

are fully integrated software programs

upper/lower case, as it looks better that way, especially on mailing lists. The programs Multi-Screen and

designed to manage your dota so you con whip thousands of names and numbers into shape

Com 64 Grapher in the November December issue have found applica

Use the word processor to move a

paragraph or transfer text from file to

tion in several places for me. The

file You con even generate a form and

Multi-Screen has found its way into

customize it by merging information from the file manager or by merging

two of my own modest efforts at pro

spreadsheet numbers

gramming.

Keep it up, please! May I suggest that a spreadsheet program would be

Monitor your budget cosh flow, ond invest ments with the spreadsheet. Use it to help

very much appreciated. On this one, 1

plon shopping and coupon use,

assure you that 1 am not alone.

Keep on top of appointments, critical dates ond events with the

file manager. Let it help

Again, thank you for the quality of the programs in your two magazines.

Fred IV. Fischer

you organize inventories, research notes, or fomily

Port Wayne, Indiana

health records.

PLUS GRAPH creates pie charts, line graphs or bar graphs to illustrate trends. morket shore, and profitability. You'll see that the performance, quolity. and price will help you tome the facts with ease

TTlHi' 9

itf-OiC*!)

Forri*C-o4- C-128' Cits 4' offl Aian ■

h h,'H^lll'\hk^h!l..J PO Box 11300 SofiroAna CA 92711

For more information on where to buy T-i Micro Sofrwote (714) 632>6707.

MARCH/APRIL r86

Commodore Microcomputers wel

comes letters from

readers.

Please

send them to: Commodore Microcomputers

1200 Wilson Drive West Chester, PA 19380 Attn: Letters

Paperback

Writer 64

Word Processor

PW 128/6J Dictionary olio available ol £14.95 (U.S.)

M All ORDERS CRYSTAL COMPUTER INC.

hMitlntjon l-517-SU-7i67 Oultida Michigan 1-800- 245 7316 W !■■...■■. a

U.S

'■,, 7 d.-v-n w«i ■

DEALEK ENQUIRIES.

ALLEGRO TECH

-ifcaek

1-413-44 3 94.13 MICRO-PACE COMPUTERS INC. 1 600-362-9653

MICRO-STS DISTRIBUTORS 1-BO0-527.I73S III Toxai

1-214-531.2645

CANADIAN DEALER ENQUIRIES:

LL Your Commodore 128 or 64

/' ■

You wont the very best software you can find for your Commodore 128 or 64, right?

You want integrated software — word processing,

FRANKLIN WINTER Coiuuliiiij & Sato4 1163257

database ana spreadsheet applications — at a sensible price. But, you also want fop-of-the-ltne features. Well, our Paperback 128/64 software goes one bettor. With Paperback 128 or 64, you'll find all the features you can imagine... and then some. And Paperback 128/64 is so easy to use, you won't even need the reference guide. On-screen and in memory instructions will have you up

and running in less than 30 minutes, even if you've never used a computer before.

The price? It's as low as you'd expect for o line of

software called 'Paperback'. Suggested Retail Price for the 64 Software is S39.95 (U.S.) and S49.95 (U.S.) for .00 (U.S.} + S3.00 shipping and

handling. (Available to registered owners from Digital Solutions Inc. only.)

Paperback Writer 128 or 64, Paperback Planner 128 or 64 and Paperback Filer 128 or 64... Solutions at sensible prices from Digital Solutions Inc. International & Distributor enquiries to:

Serious software that's simple to use.

'Digital Solutions

Paperback Writer 128 and 64 are now available in French.

P.O. Bo« 3-15, Slolion A Wiliowdale, Ontario Canada M2N 5S9 1-416.331-3225

COMMODORE'S

IN CASE OF emergency break glass

NEWS

FROM THE FRONT

Emergency Data Processor J. he Witz Company noticed that the usefulness of the pencil is soon forgotten when

placed in competition with the mesmerizing charm of the computer, 80 they created Failsafe, an emergency data processor.

To operate Failsafe, follow the User Algorithm: To log on, shield eyes and break glass panel with blunt instrument. Pull wand free of high tension support brackets and grip wand firmly at or near center. Apply S.5 grams of pressure on any compatible surface. To retrieve data, mimic characters displayed on computer

keyboard, or to delete, invert wand and apply nub to error until print vanishes. To log off, release wand and notify local authorities at once. Failsafe may not be reused until officially certified by a trained technician. Though such detailed instructions for the simple motor skills are hardly required,

and though the dangerous wand need not be kept from Impressionable schoolchildren, the Witz Company hopes that a Failsafe on the wall will ward off high-tech myopia, gratify the innocent, and inspire many chuckles. Failsafe is available for $20 at department and book stores, or directly from the Witz Company at P.O. Box 49023, Austin, TX 78765.

Hockey Brawls for All \Jomputer hockey fans wulbe happy to know that Artworx has released International Hockey, a sequel to its Slap Shot Hockey. The new game lets you play directly against the computer using tha one-player mode, which offers three levels of proficiency. However, overly aggressive play provokes a bench-clearing, glove-throwing fight scene. Penalty snots can be awarded to either team,

International Hockey

KIDWRITER

retails for $24.95.

(Artworx, 150 North Main

Street, Fairport, New York 14460.)

Chat with your friends

on your Commodore computer free. Talk isn't cheap, it's free (or one hour. Sign up now for QuanlumLink,'" ihe new lelecommunicalions

Skills

service for Commodore 64* and Commodore 128'" computers, and wilh your free hour get a free month of fun and information when you pay for

JAidwriter, available in French, Spanish or German for the

one month of service ($9.95).

program by Spinnaker Software, Kldwriter helps children develop

You must have a modem and disk drive to use QuantumLink. if you don't have a modem, pick one up at a retail outlet. Then hook up your modem and call Quanlumlink on your computer (not your telephone).

1-800-833-

MARCH/APmL 86

Commodore 64, makes it possible for children to create a colorful storybook in any of those languages. Based on the original English foreign language vocabulary skills. A child selects from 100

characters and objects to form scenes and develop, in the foreign language, a story line to go with It. Picture-story pages may he linked together and saved to create the student's storybook. Kldwriter also introduces children to the fundamentals of word processing.

Each version of Kidwriter retails for S37.95. (Gessler

me ■£ Comr™jda<e

Develop Foreign Language

Educational Software, 900 Broadway, New York, NY 10003.)

TCKBR!

4ÂťiW7"

Flight Simulator II Scenery Disks The Challenge of Accomplished Flight

â&#x2013;

With a realism comparable to (and in some ways even surpassing) $100,000 aircraft flight simulators. Flight Simulator II includes full

flight instrumentation and avionics, and provides a full-color out-thowindow view. Instruments are arranged in the format standard to modern aircraft. All the radios needed for IFR flight are included.

ing Handbook.

For training in proper flight techniques. Flight Simulator II includes

another 96-page instruction manual, compiled by two professional flight instructors with over 8.000 hours flight time and 12.000 hours of aviation teaching experience. You'll learn correct FAAinstrument approaches. To reward your accomplishments, the manual even includes a section on acrobatic maneuvers.

The Realism and Beauty of Flight

Apple and Atari versions will be released soon. Each disk covers a geographical region of the country in detail, and is very reasonably priced.

The Pure Fun of "World War I Ace" When you think you're ready, you can test your flying skills with the "World War I Ace" aerial battle game. This game sends you on a bombing run over heavily-defended enemy territory. Six enemy fighters will attempt to engage you in combat as soon as war is declared. Your aircraft can carry five bombs, and your machine guns

are loaded with 100 rounds of ammunition. See Your Dealer. Flight Simulator II is available on disk for the

Apple II, Atari XL/XE. and Commodore 64/128 computers for Flight Simulator) are $I9.9S each. A complete Western U.S. Scenery six-disk set is also available for $99.95. For additional product or ordering information, call (800) 637-4983. Apple Una trademark of Apple Computer. Inc.

Go sight-seeing over detailed, realistic United States

Ataii XL and XF are tiadcmaiLt of Aun Corp

scenery. High-speed graphic drivers provide an

Commodore 64 and 118 ait iradcmirki of Commodore Elertrofuct Lid IBM PC <i a refnicrrd Trademark of International Ruiincu Mathmei Cofp

animated out-the-window view in cither day, dusk, or night flying modes.

Flight Simulator II features over 80 airports in four different scenery areas: New York, Chicago, Seattle, and Los Angeles. Six additional Scenery Disks covering the entire Western half of the United States are now available in IBM and C64/I28 disk formats.

Simulator!!

Corporation

713 Edgebrook Drive Champaign IL61B20

Order Line: (SOO) 637-49B3

Public Domain Software Catalog 1 he Blackshlp Group has made available 64 Gold, an organised library of public

domain software for the Commodore 64. Public domain programs can be published or copied without payment of royalty to the creator. Public domain programs have been written by user groups, computer enthusiasts, and professional programmers operating under government grants.

64 Gold is making this software available for S5.00 per disk. Programs include communications with up/downline loading capabilities, word processing,

educational software, utilities, games, and graphics. A catalog of the 64 Gold library

is available free from 64 Gold, 3219 Folsom Street, San Francisco, CA 94110.

Organize VCR Tapes ep track of up to 150 programs recorded on up to 50 videotapes with Videoflle, a program for the Commodore 64 that lists video programs by category, In order of length, or alphabetically, For owners of both Beta and VHS, Videoflle also searches the tapes for the best space to record new material.

A demonstration disk costs £10, and can be returned for S10 credit toward Videofile"s retail price of S49.95, (Videoflle, Box 480210, Los Angeles, California 90048.)

Bookkeeping

S mada Enterprizes has released The TaUybook, an integrated

double-entry bookkeeping system for small businesses. Available for the Commodore 64/128 and Plus 4, Its features Include

password protection; chart of accounts development and modification; general ledger with simultaneous monthly, quarterly, and yearly totals; payroll with social security, federal and state income tax deductions; report generator for monthly, quarterly, and yearly financial reports; and budget analysis.

The program and detailed instruction manual are available for $24.95 plus $3.00 shipping and handling from Smada Enterprizes, P.O. Box 1382, Bellevue, NE 68005. Tlie Tallybook has an

unconditional 15-day money-back guarantee and lifetime performance guarantee.

Go shopping on your Commodore computer free. Shop (or bargains for an hour free on QuantumUnk,™

the new telecommunications service designed for

Commodore 64s and Commodore 128™ computers.

Pay for one month ($9.95] of basic service and get

a free month of news, fun and informalion.

You must have a modem and disk drive to use QuantumUnk. If you don'! have a modem, pick one

up at a retail outlet. Then hook up your modem

and call QuantumUnk on your computer (not your telephone).

1-800-833-9400 nuanrumunH

Educational Software .Learning Technologies offers 20 educational software titles for

the Commodore 64 that include a Learning Kit with each program.

The Kit consists of five coordinated learning aids: a 17 x 22 color poster of the software package, a lesson plan, activity work sheet, student management chart, and award certificate. For more information, contact Learning Technologies at 4255 LBJ Freeway

#131, Dallas, TX 75244. The toll free number is 800-328-4277 (in Texas, 214-991-4958).

MARCH/APRIL'86

TRONIC

' I

A superb sports simulation program with

stunning 3-D graphics. A one or two player game that enables you to either compete head to head or against the computer.

Features include a self demo mode for instructions, a

giant video screen for close-ups ol the action in detail.

Exciting to play with real baseball features, yet a detailed

Join in the fastest moving game in the world, when you play 5-a-side soccer, an action packed sports simulation

from Mastertronic.

Each game lasts ten minutes, with lull crowd atmosphere and an announcer to keep you up to date

knowledge of the game is not essential: Steal Options,

with the action on the field. The tackles bite hard and

incredible features that make this game an essential part of

approval.

Curved balls, Pitchers Cheers leaders are all part ol the every collection.

the players twist, turn and shout as the crowd roar their

Vou'll know you've been in a game when you play

Mastertronic 5-a-side soccer!!

FEATUHES INCLUOE:3D animated graphics one or two player game.

C64/128

DISC

Incredible voice synthesis.

C64/128

DISC

<Âť

'Ma'sTBTtronkiirfyftiDtioji'al Irtc 731 IB Grove Road Frederitk, Maryland 21701 Tel: (301) 695 8877

MODORE'S Comet Watch ephyr Services has released CometWatch, a program for the Commodore 64 that calculates comet data and provides background on

the physics of comets and how to observe them, Detailed Information on Halley's Comet and its return to the sun In 1985/86 is included.

CometWatch lets you calculate and plot any comet orbit in relation to the sun and orbits of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus, using either the table of comet data provided or your own data. You can also calculate Halley's position In the sky for any date, time, latitude and longitude, and plot its encounters with the earth and sun, past and present. CometWatch Is available from Zephyr Services for S19.95. (Zephyr Services, 306 S. Homewood Avenue, Dept A, Pittsburgh,PA15208)

Geography Games Xlladarsoft's Maps USA, Maps World, and Maps Europe are designed to help children

learn geography. They feature helicopter races in search of states, cities and waterways, and are intended for ages nine and up. The games also familiarize children with the directions

north, south, east and west. Distributor is Adam, Cobb ff King, 665 John Muir Drive E411, San Francisco, California 94132.

'ARTMER III PEEK OEJ CO COM-SOFT.

Windowing for the Commodore 64 Ot. Mars Systems has released Windows, a screen processor utility that gives the Commodore 64 windowing capabilities in

BASIC or assembly language programs. Windows features individual window color controls, window move commands,

Get a set of encyclopedias on your Commodore computer. Unlimited use of the Academic American

encyclopediaâ&#x201E;˘ is just part of the learning fun and information you'll enjoy vyilh Quantum Link,1" the new telecommunications service for Commodore 648 and Commodore 128'" computers. Get "A" to T free for one month when you pay for one month (59.95].

Windows Is available for S24.95 and includes a 12-page programming guide from St. Mars Systems, 1400 Clay Street, Winter Park, FL 32789.

Mental Work-Out Able Software has released Me Time II, a coEection of eight

and call QuantumUnk on your computer

thought-provoking games for the Commodore 64 to be played against the computer or another player. Test your knowledge of the United States and its cities, try to come up with the correct mathematical equation to avoid a lunar crash, rear

(not your telephone).

range gibberish into English, play numerical reverse, or

1-800-833-9400 nuanTumnnn

manipulate colored squares to solve a cube puzzle.

You must have a modem and disk drive to use QuantumUnk. If you don't have a modem, pick one

up at a retail outlet. Then hook up your modem

TMOtJonruTiitf>*iioiradefnarifoTOuonrumcorr*f>uflefSet^c*i me '^Commodore,

* comJTioaore 6t and tm commooo'e i?B are ProOemariii or commodore iiectronti no

n I "cyclopedia Is a ifndemci rtt of Oroiitff u*ciÂŤwnc Pixjiuhlng me

independent window scrolling, and cursor positioning routines.

MARCH/APRIL'86

The program retails for S19.95 plus S2.00 shipping and

handling from Able Software, P.O. Box 422, Kulpsville, PA 19443.

Yankee

A-riding

Doodle

went to town,

pony,

—Ring Along With Your Favorite ongsfc Mere's a great new way (or you and your friends to have fun with your Commodore 64™ or 128™. Our

exciting Party Songs disk features 18 classics you'll love to sing. They are loaded with humor and nostalgia—just right for when friends get together.

For sing-along fun, the lyrics appear in easy-to-read verse on your TV or monitor. Play just your favorite song or set your computer to play them all.

If you've seen our Christmas Carols, then you know Party Songs will be a treat. Your computer's vast musical capabilities are used to their fullest to create

For fun throughout the Christmas holidays, order our

Christmas Carols, too! The disk contains 18 favorites, including O Come All Ye Faithful, Joy to the World, Jingle Bells, Silent Night, What Child is This?, and more.

As always, you can trust John Henry Software to bring you quality software at the lowest price. We specialize in prompt delivery and guarantee our product. Don't wait, see your dealer, or call us today! Toll-free number:

1800-223-2314

lively music in three-part harmony. The colorful and

In Ohio call 513.598-7660

entertaining graphics make every song a visual delight.

$15

SONGS INCLUDE:

• Auld Lang Syne • I've Been Workin' on the Railroad • Oh My Darling Clementine • Blow the Man Down

each

Both for only

$28.95

• For He's a Jolly Good Fellow • Bill Groggin's Goat

• Hail! Hail! The Gang's All Here! • My Wild Irish Rose • My Old Kentucky Home • Turkey in the Straw • My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean • Goober Peas • Red River Valley • Oh! Susanna • Dixie • The Yellow Rose of Texas • Yankee Doodle

• Who Threw the Overalls in Mistress Murphy's Chowder?

Please send me:

Parly Songs disk(s) al $15.95 each Christmas Carols disk(s) at S75.95 each Christmas Carols and Parly Songs at S28.95 Add Si 00 for no5l<rgn and handling. onto residents aUd S'-r Dili's lax. Foreign eiders. Bicopl Canada and APO. arid S3 00 foi AU Mall- Please pay mi US funds

Check Of money order enclosed Accl. #

John Henry Software QUALirr

is duii

:.ifh ui,in

Corrimodoro 64 and Commodore 12H jiro registered Ipadamarhs of Commodore.

■__ Visa

:J MasterCard

Exp. Date

Name Address

City

Slate. Zip Send lo John Henry Soflwarn, P.O. Box 745, VaniJaha, Onlo 45377.

COMMODORE'S

Spy vs. Spy Sequel

First Star Software has released the sequel to Spy vs. Spy, a spy gajne based on the MAD Magazine cartoon. Spy V6, Spy II: The Island Caper features the cloaked spies in search of buried missile parts on an exotic tropical island. The game uses First Star's

proprietary Simulvision/Blmulplay techniques,-which allow two players to play and watch each other's actions at the same time, In the one-player version, the computer controls the opposing spy. Both spies dodge sharks, snares, coconuts and bombs, while trying to avoid quicksand, cliffs, and deadly lagoons.

The game for the Commodore 64 retails for $ÂŁ9.95. (First Star Software, 18 E. 41st Street, New York, NY 10017)

State-of-the-Art Computer

I ntec has introduced a computer easy enough for everyone to understand, operate, and afford. It is the Generic computer, a joke gift that

features a pencil as the printer, a small pun-filled dictionary as the word processor, and color crayons for graphics. They are contained in a black-and-white box that resembles a computer keyboard. The "computers" may be ordered directly from Intec for S5.95 plus 50 cents

for shipping. (Intec, 676 Polk Street, Eugene, Oregon 97402.)

Software Source

D etailed information on over 3,000 programs that run on Commodore machines is now available from .MENU. Managed by the

International Software Database Corporation, .MENU will help locate, evaluate, and order software. Virtually ever)' package listed on the database can be purchased through the .MENU/STX Software Transfer Service. To order Commodore software or obtain a listing of currently available inventory, write .MENU Customer Service at 1520 South College Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, or call (800)THE-MENU.

Sample the latest software on your Commodore computer free. With QuantumLink,'" the new telecommunications service for Commodore 64* and Commodore 128â&#x201E;˘ computers, you can sample ihe latest software free (or one hour Now sample GuantumLink's other services free, too, A month of news, fun and informa tion is free when you pay for one month ($9.95). You must have a modem and disk drive to use QuantumLink. if you don't hove a modem, pick one up at a retail outiel. Then hook up your modem and call QuanlumUnk on your computer

(not your telephone).

1-800-833-9400 nuanrumunH Ouaniym tampu'or Setvicei inc 1 C

Art Instruction xrinclples of Composition teaches you about color, texture,

composition, design, shapes, and pattern as they apply to creating art. It includes a design test and immediate criticism to Illustrate what comprises good design. Written in BASIC for the Commodore 64, the program comes on two

disks, and is intended for ages 12 and up. It retails for S149. (Art Instruction Software, P.O. Box 1352. Patchogue, NY 11772) 14

MARCWAPRIL 86

A No-Nonsense, Simple To Learn Approach

To Small Business Management.

NO EXPERIENCE NECESSARY Learn to use a database in one hour—even if you design your own template! Master a powerful word processing program in a single evening!

Pull information from your database and incorporate it into a letter you're writing using just a few keystrokes!

The Programs Are Menu Driven So Your Instructions Are Built-in. Brown Bag Software™ helps you learn faster because when you need it, there's a

manual that prompts you on the screen. It tells you what to do next, eliminating time-consuming and possibly confusing referencing with the written manual.

WHAT THE WORD PROCESSOR AND DATABASE MANAGER WILL DO THE WORD PROCESSOR ■ Simple pnga formation. Left Justified or right

and loll Justified. Add dedicated title lines to the top of any page, justify all lines automatically or do I! line by line. Cantor lines when appropriate.

THE DATABASE MANAGER • Interface with Ihe Word Procasior. Ideal for

Ionti letter mailings. Up to 20 merges can be made. ■ Designed to safeguard agatnst accidental deletions or altars (lone.

■ Sintuj lines lot ynu know whore you are. Know at all times Ihe page number, line number

• Create a custom database template or use

and column nurnbar of trie cursors present posi tion. Know how much memory you have lefl and

ing UsJ—addresses, phono numbers, birthdays

what is Uiomodoot Justification * Advance the cursor to tho beginning or end of the document, no matter where you are within It.

any or all seven template* Included: The Mail and other imponant dates, etc. Computer Programs—keep track of your personal software notary—tinea, ami level, file size, dollar vaiua. elo. The Reference Guide—locate useful articles by subject, publlcalion, issue, etc, Ollica Inventory—

■ Iniert additional text In throe mays. One char

acter at a lime, "ou! and glue" for whole blocks of text, 01 by adding a blank line to youi text.

■ Delete taut In throe way*. One character at a time, delete partial lines or delete entire lines of tent.

■ Search and replace one or more word*.

• Duplicate text on the line balow In two ways. One character al a time or iine by line. ■ Pull Information from the Database Manager Into your document In just a lew keystrokes.

know your equipment's location, serial numbei;

descriptions, values, where purchased, elc. The Secretary—keep (rack of those important details, organize meeting dates, times and locations, reminders and confirmation dales. The Answering

Ssrv/ce—doubles as a message pad and tele phone directory. Keep track of calls by company name, sates representative, date called, phone

number, even comments. The Organizer—avoid

missing deadlines by breaking down projects Into

areas of responsibility, logging delegations, assigning followup dates, etc. Expenses—recall any expense by data, amount, receipt number or typa of expense. Ideal for expense review and report compilation.

TO ORDER* CALL NOW

• Sort nny dntahaia. Sort by alphabetical or numerical order any ffetd ol Information In ascending or descending order.

24 HOURS A DAY. 7 DAYS A WEEK Have Your Credit Card Bandy 1T.IUD hi CA1IKI) GRANDE. SARATOGA, CA 95070

INTEGRATED WORD PROCESSOR AND DATABASE MANAGER Available in two computer formats. Trie Apple1" ver sion includes Fast Fids (Amortization Calculation Program, Metric Conversion and Calendar). The Commodore 6*" version includes a calculator and

a system clock.

■

THE COMMODORE CONNECTION. Introducing QuantumLinjC the only official C-Commodore -supported on-line service. It will expand your 64's universe further than you ever imagined. Now you can take your computer

beyond the limits of software programs. The new QuantumLink™ on-line service has been specially designed to turn your Commodore 645 or 128™ into a powerful "tele-computer" All you need is a disk drive and a modem to access hundreds of useful features.

Participate in on-line seminars and discussions. Join Commodore's nationwide user group.

MAKE NEW FRIENDS

Chat live with users across the country. Send and receive electronic mail. Find partners and play chess, hangman and other games in full color

Here are just a few of the services available. EXCITING SOFTWARE • Preview top new software before you

Cohmodorp

Software Showcase

buy it. • Get hundreds of public domain programs.

• Read accurate, insightful software reviews. HOT COMPUTER INFORMATION • Exchange messages on bulletin boards. • Get fast answers from Commodore computer experts.

• Read exclusive Commodore reports. • "Ask Commodore" and get a quick reply.

QuantumLink'5 full color, easy-to-use menu.

STAY INFORMED • Access Grolier's Academic American Encyclopedia'"1 • Read USA Today™ Evening Update. • Get the scoop from RockNet™ news, Hollywood Hotline,™ Soap Opera Update.

FROM HERE TO INFINITY FOR ONLY $9.95 A MONTH.

New QuantumLink is the lowest priced full service network. For only $9.95 a month

you can expand your Commodore's uni verse with a whole range of QuantumLink services. And, you can access many fea tures including the encyclopedia, software catalog, USA Today, entertainment news

and trivia quizzes as often as you like, for no extra charge. Special "Plus" services cost only 6C per minute. But, your first hour of "Pius" time every month is free. (No sur charges for communications or 1200 baud access, either!)

If you have a modem:

If you don't have a modem:

When you mijn up? lor ,in .uJrtidurui

Now, getting on-line with QuantumLink is easier

than you ever imagined. If you have a modem, we'll send you the QuantumLink telecommunications software and when you sign up for a month, we will give you the

second month of service free. If you don't have a modem, we'll send you a

Commodore 300 baud modem and the QuantumLink software free when you sign up for four months

(< irTuiKflfore. Coii«fio(Ifpl78.i'«K<yrbmfxlo(ii&1,ifi'fr.Hk|iivirtL^utConsiTiodoniFli-(Uo'i*slrtnneii On'tfijrrilini ■& a \i.i(UiiMrk d Qj,n]Tum Comjmln Secies, Inc

I-.. ,i DpRtasd ir.iili-mork ol Grolw Hifirmn Publishm). liu IISA TiMl.iy n r) ludemarf. o(Camiell Co, Im HtoBywoadHoSne aa Irakmari ol ltaflywo<xiH<>tl»ir>

nuanTumiinK. *^^ The Commodore Connection

2 WAYS TO ORDER:

Addroii.

BY PHONE:

-Slale-

Oty

Zip.

Phraic.

LJI NEED A MODEM. Please send my free Commodore' 300

baud modem, and the QuantumLink software. Charge my

credit card $39.80, to cover the QuantumLink $9.95 monthly

fee for the first four months* Crt'dl Oifd LJ MastivGird Acci Ni>_

Sigrialurp-

UI HAVE A MODEM. Please send me the free QuantumLink telecommunications software. I understand I will be charged the first month's fee of $9.95, and will get the second month free*

If you have a modem, you can register on-line for fastest delivery! Hook up and call 1-800-833-9400! If you need a modem, call 1-800-392-8200, and ask for Terry. BY MAIL:

Mail card or this coupon to Quantum Computer Services, Inc.,

LJViu -Fip Date.

8620 Westwood Center Drive, Vienna, Virginia 22180. ■iiyugu'.H'i

Qtfrr validi

alUS For n

i only E

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

TheHaUey

Project: A

REVIEWED BY MARK COTONE

Mission in Our Solar System Computer: Commodore (vi Publisher: Mindscapc

3444 Dundee Road Northbrook, JJ.6OO62 Medium:

Disk

Price:

$39.95

Only when you complete all ten missions

and gain access to the secret code number mill Mindscape send you instructions on

JTor those not content with merely

how to apjmach thefinal mission—

watching Bailey's Comet, Mindscapc

the Halley Project itself.

offers a Stunning alternative. With the help of The Halley Project: A Mission

hi Our Solar System, yon can hitch .<. ride on the back of this cosmic wan

The player is a Star Pilot, contacted

which you launch and land your star-

derer, slicing through space in a real

via audio transmission from the Plan

ship. The action is viewed in first-

istic tour ot neighboring planets, and

etary and Lunar Aerospace Navigation

person perspective from behind the

moons.

and Exploration Team (P.L.A.N.Ii.T.)

dashboard of the space vessel, a true

to undergo a series of ten interstellar

scientific

training assignments.

enough to travel the speed of light,

Checking the designer credits on this

package

uncovers

the

familiar

These

chal

marvel

that's

powerful

name of Tom Snyder Productions, an

lenges are for screening purposes

jump through hyperspacc. and then

educational software team. But in The

only, to test prospective candidates

instantaneously screech to a halt, yet

Halley Project, lessons are now

for courage, tenacity and detailed

simplistic enough

moved to outer space, providing a ga lactic classroom packed with excite

knowledge of the solar system need

mastered by any pre-teen pilot. The

ed for the eventual Halley Project.

control panel is orderly, capped by an

ment and adventure.

Halley Hints Clues to Calm

Hyper-Spacepcople

to be flown

and

Your base is the comet itself, from

Continued on pg. -it)

time as possible. Delow, I've listed a

Not only will this stop the clock, but

few tips that might help shave some-

there are instances where it will actu

minutes off the star search.

ally allow for a more gradual, smooth

• First and

foremost, remember:

er approach. Just be ready to turn and

When your ship stops, so does the

run in case yon are not granted laud

clock. If you become confused or lost,

ing clearance.

An audio cassette welcomes the

or if you arc scanning back and forth

• One of the hardest exercises in

pilot with an introductory briefing (a

to locate a planet, it is always be.st to

Star Pilot training is the orbitting that is required while awaiting landing au

transcript is also provided). A com

bring your craft to a complete halt.

plete technical reference guide helps

Ix>w-lcvd drifting is more often than

thorization. Undoubtedly, every liver

familiarize you with the ship's oper ations, a bibliography is provided to

not the pilots biggest waste Of time.

will, at one time or another, lose large

aid your research team, and a "Simple

clock is always put on hold whenever

ward, errant planetary passes. A bet-,

Star Map" gives a visual representa

hyperspace

ter approach is to position yourself

tion of each constellation of the zo

though its use is usually determined

about

diac. Take time to absorb ail of this

by the situation and not .strategy, this

average-size

prc-flight material, so you'll be ready

mode should also be entered when

ship, and then use the scanning mo

for anything.

ever possible.

Hut preparation and execution are

• It's also worth noting that the is

engaged.

So,

even

chunks of time with a series of awk

17,000 kilometers from your destination,

stop

your

tion of your idle vessel to comb the

• When approaching a destination,

surface. If you don't get any reaction from the ground crew, move directly

two different things. This is a clocked

there are times when you can let the

contest, and when all is said and done,

planet's motion work for you. If you

to the other side of the planet and try

merely completing a mission will not

are in the path of a body whose orbit

again. Note that you don't necessarily

.stand up in the realm of competitive

al movement will guide it in your di

have to fly over your allied base to be

flying. The ultimate goal is to carryout a succeessful flight in as short a

rection, shut down your ship's en

allowed to land; you just have to spot

gines and wait for it to come to you.

it in your viewing screen.

MARCH/APRIL'86

MTirlHTiTTr

■ Bm

THE CAT.

Model CP290

THE X-10 POWERHOUSE

and then plug the Module into an outlet. The Interface can control up to 256 Mod ules throughout your home and won't interfere with normal use of lights and appliances.

INTERFACES WITH YOUR COMMODORE TO CONTROL YOUR HOME...FOR SECURITY, COMFORT AND ENERGY SAVINGS.

There are plug-in Appliance Modules, Lamp Modules, Wall Switch Replacement Modules and Special 220V Modules for

This remarkable Interface lets you run your home through your

Commodore 64 or 128 and a keyboard or joystick. When you're away, it makes your home look and sound lived in. When you're home, it can turn off the TV at night and wake you up to stereo and fresh brewed coffee in the morning. It can even (urn on your air conditioner and control your neattng.

.to'control your home from any phone, and much more.

SPECIAL COLOR GRAPHICS MAKE PROGRAMMING A SNAP.

' rfWON'T TIE UP YOUR COMPUTER. Use your computer only

You simply pick a room from the display screen. Use your key-. board or joystick to position graphics of lights or appli ances. Then follow on screen instructions to program any light or appli ance to go on or off when ever you choose. You can even control thermostats, light intensity and more.

heavy duty appliances such as water

heaters and room ai^conditioners.■Plus Thermostat Controllers for central healing and air conditioning, Telephone Responders

•for programming. When you're finished, disconnect the Inter face from the "User" or RS-232 port and keep it plugged into any convenient power outlet in your home. It will operate as a stand-alone controller with battery back-up and will run your home automatically.

THE WAY IT WORKS. The X-10 Powerhouse Interface is cable-connected to the Commodore "User" port and

plugged into a standard 110V outlet. After it is programmed, the Interface sends digitally encoded signals through your home wiring to special X-10 Modules. To control a lamp or appliance, you simply plug the electrical device into a Module

SURPRISINGLY INEXPENSIVE. A Powerhouse System includ ing the Interface, software and connecting cables costs less than $70.

X-10 Modules are less than $17 each.

For the Dualor Nearest You Call: 1-800 526-0027 or, write to: X-10 (USA)

"ln NJ: I201' ™-

185A Legrand Avenue Northvale, NJ 07647

X-10 POWERHOUSE NUMBER ONE IN HOME CONTROL

CommoOoie 64 and Commodore I28are registered trademarks ulC<jrnmo<loie Infl Ltd.

SOFWARE REVIEWS oversized viewing screen. At the be ginning of each mission, a message outlines the destination. Early on, these dispatches will be relatively

familiar readings of your trusty pock

space.

After the designation is ratified, it's

et compass will be of little use in

time to get where you're going, a three-stage process involving launch

plotted by star gazing. Using a round

ing, navigating, and landing. The first

ed radar screen encircled with the

step is easy enough: a simple tap on

gresses, the object of his travels may

names of all

the keyboard sends you on your way.

tions, pilots must first locate their tar

specific, clearly designating an exact

planetary port. But as a player pro

these precincts.

Courses must

12 zodiacal constella

not be so clear, with goals presented

Halley's white spherical body with its

only as clues. And unless you have

get planet, then check the title of the

twinkling tail slowly disappears be

constellation behind it. After that, it's

massive

hind you.

just a matter of pointing the craft in

Navigating, on the other hand, might seem onerous at first, since the

the right direction, gauging the dis

amounts

of astronomical

knowledge, a bit of research may be in order to avoid being forever lost in

tance, and speeding off to your desti nation.

This is an unfamiliar but precise navigational exercise, one that epito

TEAM-MATE: THE SINGLE SOLUTION TO THE CLUTTER THAT CAN TIE UP YOUR DESK

mizes the design of this package. The positioning, distance, orbit, size, and

speed of every heavenly body includ ed in this simulation are very realistic. 'Hie moons circle the planets, which circle the sun in a spectacularly chor eographed space dance.

Once your ship comes within 100,000 kilometers of its destination,

When you buy TEAM-MATE, you receive on inregrored software sys-

you must orbit while you wait for

rem — word processing, file management, spreadsheet and graphics — for the same price you would normally poy for one pro

This low-speed circling process is an

gram. The beaury of integration is rhe abiliry ro go from one pro gram ro another instantly with no loss of screen information. No more lengrhy program loads with various disks. No rime lost in creating data

automatically be pulled in for touch

down. Here you can take a short break, peek at the planetary surface, and call up instructions on the next

and again.

step of your mission, which will ulti mately take you back to Hallcy's Comet.

With all rhe informorion available

There are ten test challenges which

simulroneously, you can view rhe

must be sequentially completed be

spreadsheer while onolyzing it in rhe word processor. You hove rorol freedom ro design reports ond forms, which will use all or part of rhe data stored in the file manager. And because rhe prinr pre

fore access

at Mindscape with the correct secret

code number, only then will the Star Pilot be mailed special instructions on how to approach the final mission: The I [alley Project itself. Exactly what

thai encompasses, I couldn't say. I'm

lerrer, or

only halfway there, currently blasting

label.

off on my "D;trter" assignment in search

need

only one

grear

piece

software, buy TEAM-MATE. It's like buying one piece of software and gerring three others free, term* cm*. 012a" onoAmtr For more tnformoTioo on wheie ro buy Ti Micro »fr*o'c 714-832-6707

TOilMICRO

14072 Srratron Way, Sonra Ana, CA 92705

of a planet without an atmosphere. But one day soon I'll earn my wings, as will anyone else who is will

ing to invest some time to learn a little about our .solar system. One can only hope that this program will pro vide an engaging spectacle which not only interests its viewer, but is a stim ulant tor farther involvement and un derstanding.

the pro

returned to P.I..A.N.E.T. Headquarters

integrated dara, you con view

if you

Registration for Certification card is

where this informorion will be the form,

is granted

gram's secret code number. When the

view mode works wirh rhe

tenacity, perhaps the hardest of all authorization is given, the ship will

trate on solving problems again

exercise of steady Hying and patient piloting skills to master. Once landing

transfer files. Mow you con concen

printed

landing clearance from a ground base.

MARCH/APRIL '86

cwnrvT\t

i ri;i-r.i'im i.r'-

WuttrfiJl by Dduxe Paint™, Electronic Arts.

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SOFTWARE REVIEWS

REVIEWED BY SHAY ADDAMS

Ultima IV: Quest of the In this new role-

Avatar

playing game

Computer: Commodore 64

from

Publisher: Origin Systems (Design) Electronic Arts (Distrib.) 2755 Campus Drive

San Mateo, CA 94403 Medium:

Disk

Price:

S 36.00

Lord British, you must

develop eight virtues,

J\ichurd Ciarriott (a.k.a. Lord Brit ish) has thrown out the classic formu la of "seek and slay the evil wizard"—

including

there's no deadly spawn of Exodus or

honesty,

Minax to track down in the latest in

stallment of the Ultima saga. And G&rdotl didn't stop after he dreamed

compassion,

up a fresh scenario—he went on to

honor and valor.

boldly expand the concept of charac ter development

and

introduce an

unprecedented degree of character interaction. In doing so, he has rein vented the fantasy role-playing game.

Character development has always

meant Increasing the points of your

virtues, and your answers determine

shrine, a rune needed to enter it, and

party members' attributes: Strength,

your character type—Fighter, Paladin.

a special mantra, or chant, that you

charisma, dexterity, and so on. Here

Hard, Druid, Tinker, Ranger, Shepherd

must know in order to meditate there

you must ;tlso develop eight virtues—

or Mage. Each class pursues a particu

and become a partial avatar.

humanistic values such as honesty,

lar virtue and hails from a city that is

compassion, honor and valor. Your

devoted to it. Each virtue has its own

current ratings for the virtues aren't

The

game

diverges

from estab-

Continual on pg. 122

Tips for Aspiring Avatars

displayed with the attributes, hit point levels and other data, so you'll have to

After spending the past month in

consult llawkwind, the royal seer, to

Britannia, I've acquired some general

get more than two or three new char acters to join you until you're ready

learn

strategy tips and learned a few secrets

for the dungeons: the larger your par

ment. Eventually, he'll proclaim you

that can considerably reduce the frus

ty, the more monsters you'll face in

fit to visit one of the shrines for "par

tration factor. While developing your

tial elevation" of a virtue. This is an

character's virtues and attributes in

fighting. Be sure to make a second

essential element of the quest, for you

the early stages, you should concen trate on finding mandrake root and

scenario disk and always save your

must become a partial avatar in each

virtue before you will be capable of

nightshade (not sold in stores) and

If you don't like the character the

finding the fabled Codex. Hidden in

the secret formula for the gate spell,

gypsy gives you, just start over. Even

the depth of a maze called the Stygian

which teleports you to the moon gate

better, you can completely circum

Abyss, the Codex enables you to fulfill

of your choice. When elevated to partial avatarhood, you sec a "vision." Copy each

vent the gypsy's influence on your

AvoUir won't let you choose your char

one down exactly; otherwise you'll

she offers. That way, you'll begin as a

acter's class or race—just the name

be in serious trouble at the end of the

and sex. In a series of full-screen illus

game. Also jot down the names of the

Paladin, the strongest and best equipped of the classes, Another tip

trations, a gypsy shows you some for

people in each town. Sometimes one

not mentioned in the manual: If you

say "health" to him, Lord British will heal your wounds and restore hit

which

virtues

need

improve

the quest by becoming a true Avatar.

Unlike

other

role-playing

games,

tune-telling cards and asks multiple-

will tell you another character can

choice questions based on die differ

answer your

ent

mention where he or she lives. Unless you thrive on combat, don't

combinations

that

may

appear.

Each card represents one of the eight 22

MARCH/APRIL 86

question, but won't

combat and the more time you spend

game on both so you'll have a back-up.

character by always choosing the honor card when it's one of the pair

points. But visit the healers often, or vou'll never become an Avatar.

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SOFTWARE REVIEWS little

REVIEWED BY DIANE I.tBOI.D

Ifs time someone broke the news, and it

Computer

People Project

might as well be me. Yes, there really IS someone living in your computer.

Computer: Commodore 64

Publisher: Acttvtfllon 2350 Bayshore Frontage

Rd Mountain View, CA

940-43 Medium:

Disk

Price:

$34.95

xjLcti vision's Little Computer People (I.CP) Research Group lias finally con firmed what many of us have suspect* ed all along. All those little glitches in your software — all those hiccups in your programs — the ones you just

haven't been able to explain away? Well, it's

time

someone broke

the

news, and it might as well he me. Yes,

there really IS someone living in your computer.

According to the Activision publi cation Modern Computer People, the

l'/j-ineh

high computer

dwellers

He depends on you to bring him food keep his water coolerfilled, provide him with recotxls ami lx>oks — and to pet him occasionally.

were lured into the open when the LCP Research Group constructed a house on a disk and loaded it into

we really do have an LCI* living in our

it moves him. We found out that we

their computer. After what seemed

64. Ours is male, with whitish hair

can also ask him to play one of the

like an interminable wait, the door

and a little brown dog. (According to

three games he keeps in his office

bell rang, and a little person walked in

Activision, each LCP is different.)

cabinet: card war, anagrams and pok

— followed by his dog. Since then,

We lound out his name is Thomas

er — although Susanne is convinced

through the use of other houses on

when he typed us a letter and signed

that he doesn't really like Co play card

disks, SOySModern Coinfititet People,

it. And, although he does his typing in

war very much. And she should know

many Little Computer People (I.CP's)

English, when he speaks to us ■— or

— she's spent hours and hours ob

have been discovered living in com

talks on the phone ■— he uses some

serving and interacting with him.

puters all over the world. The LCP

other language whose

Research Group has been asking any

sound like a circuit with sinus trou

keeping Thomas in good physical and

one interested in studying these hu

ble. My daughter's main frustration in

mental shape. Once we had lured him

man-looking little creatures to help

studying Thomas, in fact, is this lan

into the house, you see, we became

them learn about the LCPs' habits.

guage barrier. "Why don't they have

responsible for his welfare.

something you can plug in thai trans

pends on us to bring him food, keep

lates what he's saying?" she fumes.

his water cooler filled, provide him

If you want to participate in

the

LCP Research Project, all you have to

intonations

The

real

trick

this project is

Me de

dis

with records and books — and to pet

People Project software, which pro

covered we can communicate with

him occasionally. The manual told us

vides you with your own [ lousc-on-a-

him in

that

Disk. Loading the house into your 64

messages in English. We can ;usk him

things, he becomes unhappy — and,

will help you entice your own LCP

to play the piano, tor instance — and

into view, where you can study him

he has quite a repertoire that ranges

finally, sick. As difficult as it was, in the name of

do is get Activision's Little Computer

studied

Thomas,

a limited fashion by typing

if we fail

do any

of these

from Mozart to boogie-woogie. He

Science, we decided io test Thomas'

My 12 year-old daughter, Susanne.

also likes to play records from his

physical

and 1 recently acquired a Housc-on-a-

rather extensive collection of (very)

much neglect he could stand before

Disk and began our studies. Much to

original albums — and will do so ei

he became ill. So we let his food and

our astonishment, we discovered that

ther on request or whenever the spir

Continued an pe. 122

— and his dog.

MARCH/APRIL '86

limits — to

see

just how

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SOFTWARE REVIEWS Your Personal Financial Planner

REVIEWED IIY GARY HI'I.DS

ner can help. But this is not a program

The "Financial

for the la/y. Just getting ready to use

the program will take hours of read

Future" module of

ing and typing. However, once the

Financial Planner lets

ner is easy. Options are selected from pull-down menus. To activate an op

you establish goals

Computer: Commodore 64

data is entered, using Financial Plan-

tion, you simply highlight it and press

and set priorities.

RETURN. To escape an option, all you

Deerflcld, iL60ui5

gram also generates bar charts to il

the screen displays, just press the l:2

Medium:

Disk

lustrate the direction your finances

key. This dumps the screen display to

Price:

S59.95

are headed.

Publisher: Timcworks 444 Lake Cook Road

need do is press the left-arrow key.

If you want a hard copy of any of

Program

X our Personal Financial Planner

three,

"Asset/I.iabiIity

the printer. If you need the service of a calculator, press F7. A full-featured

Manager," details your true assets/lia

calculator display appears in the cen

bility status. This one can either make

ter of the screen. You use it just as

Interacts

or break you. You may find you have

you would a hand-held model. The

with the others to organize and con trol your finances. The programs will

accumulated more wealth than you

escape key (left arrow ) makes the cal

realized, or discover most of your

culator disappear, leaving the screen

not only help you keep track of cash

money has vanished. The fourth program is "Financial

display unchanged.

career, investment, insurance and re

Future." I found this the most valu

pad" is included. The \:H key causes a

tirement moves.

able

window

contains four Integrated money man agement programs.

Each

flow, but will advise you on sound

section

of Financial Planner,

To make life a little easier, a "memo to

appear where

you

can

Financial Planner is similar to a

since it lets you establish goals and set

leave yourself a note or read a pre

human financial advisor. A financial

priorities for each. For instance, in the

vious note. I found this feature very

advisor first must know everything

future you may want to build a new

handy. Pot instance, if you need to

about

house, send two kids to college, and

find the phone number of your bank

take an extended trip to China. All are

er so you can later add it to a transac

important, but chances are the chil

tion file, you can leave yourself a re

your finances.

Likewise, you

must first enter all the Financial

Planner

information

needs.

This

cludes the status of your checking and

dren's education lias higher priority

minder here. Or if you have a money

saving accounts, retirement plans,

than a new house, and the new house

certificate which is near maturity, you

stocks and bonds, insurance premi

might be more important than the ex

can leave yourself a reminder to ei

ums, and household budget. Finding

tended vacation.

ther reinvest or cash it.

and inputting all this data takes time.

By using "Financial

you

Timeworks has gone to extremes

number.

Future."

Fortunately, once stored on a transac tion data disk, data can automatically

can assign each a priority

much

to make Financial Planner easy to use. Tile detailed. 192-page manual is

be accessed by the lour individual

money you will need to accomplish

easy to read am! is as interesting as a

sections ofFinancial Planner.

your goal. Next, you tell the program

manuscript detailing money matters

the date you wish to accomplish your

can be. Bui if you are unaccustomed

tems disks, but you will also need four

goals (the years the children start col

to terms like nonmarkeiable assets,

data disks to store information; one

lege, the summer you want to go to

adjusting for new budget indexes, as

each for financial transactions, bud

China).

set liability

The program comes with two sys

get, assets and liabilities, and reports.

Then

you

must decide how

The program then tells you how

records

and

insurance

worksheets, plan on spending more

much money you must generate each

than a few hours becoming comfort

year to fulfill your dreams. It does this

able with Financial Planner. To as

sure that you gel the full benefits of

formation on the status of up to five

using your financial statement, taking into consideration the effect Inflation

using the program. Timcworks has es

bank accounts and up to ten credit

is expected to have on your dollars.

tablished

cards. The information generated by

The program can't perform miracles.

line. The number is toll free.

"'Transaction

There is no way to send two children

"Transaction Manager" keeps track of your

expenditures (cash,

check

and credit cards). It keeps current in

Manager"

automati

Customer Support

Hot

Tlie combination of cost-free sup

cally used by the other programs in

to Vale and retire at age 40 on an

port,

cluded in Financial Planner, "Trans

income of S2(K) a week. Bui Finan

complete manual (including a quick

thoughtful

program

action Manager" also lets you print

cial Planner helps you get the maxi

reference section), helpful on-screen

checks and generate financial reports.

mum use from your dollars. It helps

calculator, and screen dump option

you target the goals you can accom

make

tablishes a yearly budget, taking into

plish and perhaps pinpoint expenses

standing buy. If you are serious about

account

you can trim.

The "Budget Manager" program es

the

money

needed to

achieve long-term goals like college

for the kids or a new car. The pro26

MARCH/APRIL r86

If you arc serious about planning your financial future, Financial Plan

this financial

advisor

design,

an out

managing your finances. Your Person al Financial Planner is serious about

helping you.

www i

-4,096 COLORS

4-CHANNEL STEREO 32 INSTRUMENTS 8 SPRITES

3-D ANIMATION 25 DMA CHANNELS A BIT BUTTER AND

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Three custom VLSI chips working in combi

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All these capabilities are easy to tap

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advantage of the custom chips and the

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SOFWARE REVIEWS

REVIEWl-D BY ERVIN BOBO

Swiftsheet

64! Call it elbow room—it's [he dif ference between working on a writ ing board and working on an execu

Computer: Commodore 128

tive-sized desk.

Publisher: Cosml

Pop-up menus take

415 N. Flgueroa Street

you

through

the working of Swiftsbeet, making it

Wilmington, CA 90744

unnecessary for you to commit every

Medium:

Di.sk

facet of operation to memory. Press

Price:

S29.95

ing F5 brings up the first menu. Use

the cursor keys to highlight your op eration, press F5 again, and a sub

1 wiftsbeet is a serious spreadsheet

for [he Commodore 128. li is large enough (6-i columns by 254 rows) for very demanding models, yet simple enough for home budgeting. One of its unusual features is its

ability lo aUtObOOt. The appearance of [his feature in commercial software is

a rare pleasure. We'll see more oflt, of course, but there is always something special about the first time.

Insert the disk in your drive, set your monitor to RGB, your computer

menu pops up. giving you Still moreoptions.

Swiftsheet provides 45K offree memory — more memory than

in an empty 64. Ifs the difference between

to 80-column display, and iurn every

working on a writing

thing on. Booting from the I5il takes about one minute. Presumably this

board and on an

will be much faster on [he 1571 drive.

executive-sized desk.

Once it is running, a screen lists all

■—i~i

cursor for any reason, Swiftsheet al

Obviously, spreadsheets are made

entry.

The ENTER key is not supported, [hough, because

in a spreadsheet,

average from a formula such as "SUM (A-iI.4yi2." In Swiftsbeet, the formu la is "(« MEAN(A-i,U V—a little easier to remember.

You'll also have [he ability to use IT

down or back. Using the cursor keys for entry sends your cursor to the

erations less blind, both horizontal

ate look-up tables. To make these op

method just a bit quicker than using

and vertical screen splitting is sup ported, along with independent

ENTER and then the cursor.

scrolling of the halves.

math functions art supported and many of the more complicated ones

arc built in, relieving you of the oeed to remember complex formulas and

It's easy to become accustomed to

generosity. Without thinking about it

a great deal, I acknowledged the feet that Swiftsbeet gives me 45K of free

saving you a few keystrokes. As an

memory to use for my data. A day or two later, it occurred to me that [bat

example, many spreadsheets find an

was more memory than in an empty

MARCH/APRIL '86

RAM. There is no need for disk access, [hereby making entries and recalcula tion

fast. Though

preliminary

Instructions made no mention of the lact, I'd wager Cosml designed this to take advantage of the fast (2MHz) mode inherent in the 128.

plates. There is a demo showing how

to set up a sheet 10 show Internal Rate

parameters you enter are saved to example, many spreadsheets find an

and IF GOTO statements, and lo cre

As with any good spreadsheet, all

spread

wiih almost everything. The printer

your next cell could be across, up,

next cell in any direction, making this

configurations, making ii compatible

this program also lets you use any

quick

sbeet also allows for custom printer

for manipulating numbers. However,

for

important

Speaking of modifications, Swift-

won't find it frustrating.

keypad

Each template may lie modified.

the Commodore 6-t cursor keys, you

numerical

Speed

sheet, and all of Swiftsbeet resides in

analysis, expenses, and ear expenses.

difficult to break the habit of using

tion, Swiftsbeet allows you to use the

only work with the foreground menu.

templates for home budgeting, loan

keys. So if, like me, you're finding it

mat tor a chart of text only. In addi

overlap reminds you that you may

of Return (IRU>, as well as working

lows you to use either set of cursor

possible to use the spreadsheet for

is little to confuse you, The slight

ed, Swiftsbeet contains several tem

nipulate Information.

row or column for text, making it

are windows of different colors, there

To make it easy for you to get stan-

the key commands to enter and ma When you do scroll or use your

I've had as many as four menus on

the screen at once, and because they

your disk along with your numbers. l[ is rather easy for a company to

simply convert a program from the 64 lo the 1 28. modify it to an 80-column display, and redesign [he packaging.

Thankfully, Cosmi did not choose this course. Though there was an earlier spreadsheet called Siriftatlc, Cosmi did not convert it. Instead, they kept

the best features and incorporated

them into Swiftsheet, while taking ad vantage of all the new and special fea tures of [he 128.

,\ byproduct of (his is that Swtficalc files cannot be read by Swiftsbeet. However, that is a small price to pay for a spreadsheet thai works fasi, dis

plays 80 columns, supports keypad entry—and doesn't cost a bundle.

TECHNICAL REFERENCE SERIES

SSKSWW

The Creator's Edge THE AMIGA TECHNICAL REFER ENCE SERIES from Addison-Wesley gives software developers and pro grammers the key to unlocking the

power and versatility of the Amiga Personal Computer. Published with Commodore Business Machines. Inc.. the series is written by the hardware designers and program mers who actually created the Amiga's hardware, built-in-software, and user interface. C and assembly language

examples throughout provide clear illustrations of Amiga programming concepts. Comprehensive, these man uals are the definitive reference works for Amiga programmers.

Titles include: AMIGA HARDWARE REFERENCE MANUAL Provides detailed descriptions of the graphics and sound hardware

of the Amiga and explains how the machine talks to the outside world through peripheral devices.

AMIGA ROM KERNEL REFERENCE MANUAL:

AMIGA ROM KERNEL

LIBRARIES AND DEVICES

Provides a complete listing and description of the built-in ROM routines and systems software

Provides a complete listing and description of the Amiga's built-in

ROM routines and systems soft ware which support graphics, sound, and animation.

AMIGA INTUITION REFERENCE MANUAL Provides a complete description

REFERENCE MANUAL: EXEC

of Intuition, the Amiga user inter face. Numerous examples and illustrations show how to create applications programs that con

which support the Amiga's multi tasking capabilities.

form to Intuition's guidelines.

All four volumes in the AMIGA TECHNICAL REFERENCE SERIES are available in April through your Amiga dealer, and wherever computer books are sold.

AAddison-WesIey Reading. Massachusetts«Don Mills, Ontario

■ ^AMIGA i* a iraflemarK of Commodore-Amiga, Jnt.

All you need to do this

graph a spreaasneel

organize a daia base

sludy astrology

do your banking

tell o slary

iTill 11 odeiTmifc or (Jigirol Reportli Inc

learn lo fly

write a novel

fix an engine

forecast sales

win a gold medal

a birthday cord

design a dream house

compose a song

earn to type

pain! a picture

dissect a frog

improve your chess

follow the stars

when it comes to personal computers, you wont the smartest you can own. At a price that makes sense.

Feature for feature, the new Commodore 128™ system outsmarts its competition. It comes with a powerful 128K memory, expandable to 512K, more than enough to start with and stay with for years. An 80-column display lets you see more of your spreadsheets and word processing. And with its 64,128 and CP/M® modes you have easy access to thousands of educational, business and home programs now available. It also has a state-of-the-art keyboard with built-in numeric ^

keypad to execute complex tasks with little effort. The new Commodore 128. From the company that's sold more personal computers than IBM® or

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COMMODORE 128? PERSONAL COMPUTER A Higher Intelligence

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

REVIEWED UV(,AHV FIELDS

Karateka Computer: Commodore 64

Publisher: Broderbund 17 Paul Drive

You are

San Rafael, CA. 94903 Medium:

Disk

Price;

S29-95

the star

ofa martial arts

MA' you like martial arts and arcade action, you'll get a real kick out of

movie,

Karateka. You'll also get your fill of

body

blows,

karate

chops,

bruises,

but winning

claws, and puncture wounds.

You are the star of a martial arts

is tough,

movie on a small island near Japan. When the curtain goes up. you have just finished your apprenticeship and

to star in

In the movie, your village (along

quered by an evil warlord. Like any

r1)

so be prepared

are a master of karate—a Karateka. with your bride-to-be) has been con

many movies

with

good hero, you must single-handedly retake the village, destroy the war

sad endings.

lord, and free your sweet he art. As you battle your way to tile war lord, you face masked karate warriors. Study

each

opponent's

movements

carefully to determine their lighting

style.

Some will

press

the attack,

while others will wait for you lo ad

Ik m

-—

vance. Some fight better with their

feet while others are quicker with

er. When

their hands.

"having your back against the wall"

lives, but

gains new meaning.

hero dies, the movie ends. So to re

The trick is to inflict damage on

this happens,

the phrase

Most arcade games oiler multiple not Karateka,

When the

them using karate kicks, blows and

'["his retreat feature olKarateka of

jabs, while avoiding the same damage

fers a bit of comedy. When ihe hero

from the beginning, fighting the first

yourself. If you are getting the worse

steps backwards over the cliH. he dis

warrior again. Those of you who en

end of the fight, the best course Is to

appears. A moment will pass until you

joy the arcade action probably won't

retreat to recover. When your energy

hear a thud. '"Hie isnd" will appear

mind this challenge, but if you're in a

level falls to zero, you die and the

and taps will sound.

hum' to see a happy ending, you're

movie has a sad ending.

Tile

Winning is tough, so be prepared to

game's

some even

graphics

bordering

are superh. on

beautiful.

start

your

conquest,

you

must

star!

going to have to be very good at kara te. Ktmitvkit does no! include an op

star in many movies with sad endings.

The movie theme is well promoted

tion to save a game in progress.

Although defeating an individual op

with realistic screens, including a title

ponent is not too difficult, defeating

screen

1 did find one detail of KOTGteka particularly curious. Even though the

them all is. As soon as one guard is

storylines that scroll up the screen to

story location is a Pacific Island near

defeated,

dramatic music. The displays are true

Japan, both the hero and

to life in both color and dimension.

were blondes while their foes were

another

comes running.

Plus, as you tire from battle, you fight

All

stronger and stronger warriors.

Another danger is running out of places to

retreat.

Outside

the war

complete with credits and

the

characters are

realistic,

heroine

all dark. Hut overall, if you want chal

down to the shadows they cast. He-

lenge and last action. Karateka is for

cause the background displays move

you. It's packed with two-fisted, hard-

lord's castle, there is a real danger of

in the opposite direction lo the char

hilling karate.

falling off the cliff if you step back

acter's movement, the screen gives

dramatic, anil the graphics are realis

wards. While inside the castle, walls

the illusion ofa camera panning hori

tic. If this were a real movie, il would

and closed doors can block retreat. If

zontally.

done

be a thriller. This game has everything

you

scene shows the imprisoned bride-to-

a good movie would—a tragic plot,

be weeping in her cell.

adventure, fist lights and romance. Qj

are

tired

and

have

your

back

against the wall, your foe's job is easi34

MARCH/APRIL '86

One

especially

well

The sound effects are

The Commodore 64 comes of age. . . With GGOS,' the C64 reaches its full potential. More than just another

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iff

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geoPaint." For creating charts and dia grams, or just creating. Substitute a pic ture for a thousand words. Paint with different brushes. Try a pattern fill, or perhaps the ruler function, for good

nil

measure.

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geoWrile.

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high quality docu

Delete. Copy or move

blocks of text. Select expressive font styles. Underline. Be Bold. Try italic.Let

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Create

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your fingers do the talking.

. :

mm)

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GEOS: It's a whole new world for the C64.

'GEOS To order, call (800) 443-0100 EXT. 234 GEOS Introductory Offer

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SOFWARE REVIEWS

REVIEWED BY I-.KYIN IK mo

Borrowed lime

The real joy of

Computer: Commodore 64, Amiga Publisher: Activision 23St) Bayshore Frontage

Road Mountain View, CA

Disk

Price:

S29.99

being Sam Harlow,

moving through a rich environment as a

94043 Medium:

Borrowed Time is

1930'sprivate eye.

CUrtB CfiBLF ou 90 h<md o<jer hand he

wire

the

building

cross the street, oo're on the secot in<to* of the Dublin Rose ar«

The Hen

are

swinging

[book

A he year is 193-1 You're sitting with your feet propped on the scuffed top of your littered disk. 'Hie phone rings and when you answer, a voice

gasps, "Sam...They want you dead...'" And as tlie plume clicks into silence, you see a dark figure outside your window. You arc now living on Borrowed Time.

:. ■

quickly becomes evident

that

private eye Sam Harlow is both the

hunter and the hunted. If the name sounds familiar, it's because he is

!..'<■!■

.nl.I

Phij

scurrmrhs to fhn In Front up unu.

ihil-i'

n.ii

dcsli

■pick lip Pharlr.

H volci qtsps, -Stn. they "nl von dead. . ." *nd '■■ ' • out. R mn 9 mi.uljii

Man.ens tin ulndDH.

"pit peeper- ht'ji'd tr>*? liiest?" hi jsh.s. Vou qree! ijnur pal .

I I I

I] I

Mill

UT jpen

iTJIrs

pjul.eye -

uhu

Eity s host J>pii5stjnd

runs

tluu

popu Ur

modeled after two of the most famous private eyes of [he lime, Sam Spade

and Philip Marlowe. Aciivision has added

static scenes, the designers have put n to the text/

graphics formal that proved success

ful in Mhulsbiulow. There, the graph ics filled about three quarters of the screen, with

the rest

reserved

for

text. Here, the graphic scene occu

pies only about one quarter of the Iroage, Below it. another quarter is used for typing text.

The right half of the screen lists key words, an option that makes it quick

and exisy to enter simple commands with a joystick. Select a verb from column A and a noun from column H,

press RETURN, and the command is executed. Do keep in mind, however,

that if you choose to play the game this way, you'll miss the richness of the parser.

small amount of animation into al most every frame.

Pressing RETURN at any time dur

Borrowed Time uses both sides of the disk. Side A is a boot routine and

"living tutorial," If you've been there before Witt) MintishadOW or Tracer

ing the game will Hip the scene out of

Sanction, you may skip the tutorial by

the way, allowing you to review pre

(lipping the disk directly to the game.

vious moves. Why did Iris tell you

If not. the tutorial will instruct you on

Rita had heen kidnapped, yet Doris

how to play the game and use the

told you she had seen her thai morn

parser.

ing walking and talking happily with Fred Mongo? Don"!

As with the previous games,

the

parser here is exceptional, li under

overlook the fact that you

stands compound commands so you

have somewhat better than average

can

abilities, as did all the private eyes of

and questions, rather than having to

that period. You can be sapped—and

probably will be—and come out of it with not much more headache.

communicate

real sentences

use an exact two-word phrase. Plan on spending some lime with

than a good

this game. Take notes and make maps.

Being shot, however, is permanent.

are many paths to be explored and

Like any good text adventure, there

Who was behind you when you heard

many characters to deal with before

area preserved for Inventory, showing icons of the things you pick up along

the click of a revolver being cocked?

you solve [he mystery of who's trying

To guard against sudden death. Bor

(o kill you and win-. The notes will

the way, as well as a compass for di

rowed Time has a quicksave feature.

remind you which character gave you

Just before making a dangerous move,

rection commands.

particular Information and the maps

hit the F7 key and RETl IRN. The game

allow you to retrace your steps.

up io thai point will be saved. Upon

The game gives you your money's worth, of course, but the real joy is being Sam llarlow. moving through a

Above the command columns is an

Although limiting graphics to only one-quarter of the screen may seem inadequate, it is not. The scenes are clear and sharp, making it easy to spot the visual clues. And not content with 36

MARCH/APRIL '86

restart, pressing F8 and RETURN zips you out of your grubby office and plants you where you were just be

rich environment as a ly.Ws private

fore you got killed.

eye.

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SOFTWARE REVIEWS

REVIEWED BY STEPtfflN UiVEiN

dimensioning your spreadsheet. You

Steinman

arc then presented with a blank Spreadsheet form. A chapter of the

Spreadsheet

manual defines the status symbols.

and Report

Loaded with Features

Generator

feature you might want, and certainly some that only an accountant who

Computer: Commodore 64

basis would think of. All the standard

Publisher: Loadstar

features are here: column width se

Steinman included just about every

works with spreadsheets on a daily

P.O. BOX 30007 Shrevepott, \A 71130

lection, color selection, data format

Medium-.

Disk

umn

Price:

829.95

editing Of information, copying lines

W ho says good software for the

Commodore 64 has to be expensive? who says a mathematical spreadsheet requires an accounting degree to un derstand!' Who says the same program

QSed to compute the team's howling averages

can't

provide

comparisons

of the future value of six-figure invest ments or prepare business reports?

Certainly not ISarbara Steimnan. Certified Public Account ant. Commo

dore 64 devotee, and author of the Steinman Spreadsheet and Report Generator. Certainly not the people

at Loadstar, the publishers. And cer tainly not yours truly, cheapskate and new user of the Steinman Spread sheet anil Report Generator,

What is a Spreadsheet?

ting, use of formulas and labels, col

Togci agood Ideaofexactlywhai a

ily budget If we calculate our month

deletion.

full-featured, simple

loading a spreadsheet, printing the

replication, saving a

spreadsheet,

to use spreadsheet

data, and disk commands.

that can handle

tremely useful, features include selec

many personal and

calculations, representation of nega

small business needs.

ther a minus sign or enclosure in par

Some of the less common, but ex

tion of the degree of precision for tive numbers with your choice of ei enthesis, and the choice of whether or not to display commas after every

same thing, except that all the lines

third digit. These features can be set

(rows) and columns are in the HAM of

globally, which

a compute! rather than on paper. This

cells on the entire spreadsheet be

has the obvious advantage of saving

have the same way, except any par

means that all data

paper, erasers, and calculator batter

ticular data points whose parameters

ies, and also allows you 10 play "What

can be overridden simply by specify

if?" by changing numbers and instant

ing new parameters tor these cells.

ly viewing

The Steinman Spreadsheet can page through the spreadsheet a full

the recalculated

results.

using an electronic spreadsheet is dif

screen at a time, go to a specific loca

ficult, requiring a higher education in

tion, "fix" your titles (line labels and

mathematics and the memorization of

column headings) so that they always

thousands of computer commands,

the luxuries of life, such as food and

man Spreadsheet

but this is not the case with the Stein

paper income, rent, utilities, and re

Steinman Spreadsheet to the

mainder, then label the columns with months.

Rescue The Steinman Spreadsheet makes

When you spread the numbers

insertion

or columns, moving lines or columns,

ly income, rent, and utilities, we can determine how much will be left for computer disks. Label lour lines on

line

For $29.95, you get a

You might Tear thai setting up and

spreadsheet is, irnxigine a simple fam

appear on the screen regardless of where you arc in the spreadsheet, and has sum, minimum, maximum, aver age, and count functions. The pro gram also features IP-THEN-ELSE log ic in formulas, the ability to redimension (change the size of) your spread

sense out of confusion. The 60-page

sheet

manual

the

needs, change the order of calcula

created a spreadsheet. As your in

commands. In addition, a command

come or expenses change, you erase

tion, and even escape from any mis

summary

provided so you

numbers and enter new ones. And by

takes in using the commands. These

don't wear out your thumb looking

extra features really make using the

recopying the daia onto a fresh piece

through the manual.

program a breeze. Some of these fea

across this sheet of paper, you have

Of paper, you can add new expenses

thoroughly explains chart

all

YOU are presented a simple menu

if you

underestimated your

like ear payments or alimony. Of

with the choice of the spreadsheet,

tures are found on minicomputers and mainframes, but are seldom seen

course, every change means that the

report generator, dimensioning mod

on microcomputer spreadsheets.

remaining entries will need to be re

ule, and disk commands. The manual

calculated. An electronic spreadsheet, such as

guides you through the simple pro

the Steinman Spreadsheet,

you use the spreadsheet, naming and

MARCH/APRIL r8G

the

cess of formatting a disk the llrst time

Report Generator One of the goals of a spreadsheet is Continued on pg, m

New 128 news If you've ordered the new

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SOFTWARE REVIEWS to print out the results in a standard

processor File. Once

you've made

from one cell (the source) to a range

form. Most spreadsheets allow you to

these decisions, you can save the

of cells, changing cell references in

prim oul tliL- whole1 sheet, but the

printing format to disk.

formulas as it goes. However, the data

Steinman Spreadsheet contains a sep

arate program moduli' that makes re

must he replicated to a series of one

Shortcomings

or more cells in a continuous line

port generation simple. The Report

This spreadsheet has its shoricom-

beginning with the source cell. So it is

Generator walks you throngli seven pages of menus which provide every

ings, though they are few and most

not possible using either of these

noticeable to those who are tiscil to

commands to copy data from line 3

option yon need for preparing any

more expensive spreadsheets.

column 2 to the range of cells in line-

kind of report you w:int.

(he spreadsheet is a bit slow when

5 from column t through column K

repainting the screen. This could fie!

The copy and replicate functions are

notes thai will print on each page of the report, and select the style and

annoying when moving around a very

adequate about 6095 of the time, but

large spreadsheet.

some

location of page numbers, if you want

Secondly, the manual, as good as it

them ai all. You am select column

is, would have benefited from using

width, margins, and number of lines

an example spreadsheet. In learning a

You can enter headings and foot

complex

program

such as

Rrst,

this,

users

may

eventually want

more flexibility.

Good Buy These minor deficiencies are great

notes that will print on cadi page of

would be ;i great help to the novice if

ly overshadowed

the report, and select the style and location of page numbers, if you want

the program disk included a simple

tures and the low price. l:or S29.9S,

spreadsheet, such as a budget, lo step

you gel a full-featured, simple to use

them at all. You can select column

the user through all the commands.

spreadsheet

width, margins, and number of lines

But

most

importantly,

ihe

Copy

your

lhat

personal

by the many fea

can

and

handle all small

business

per page, and which columns of the

and Replicate functions are unusual.

spreadsheet you want to print and in

needs.

what order. You can select which

"Copy" copies only entire lines or

complete reports and generation of

columns of data, il is not possible to

printer device number and secondary

disk tiles for use with your word pro

copy a much narrower range of data

address for output or you can output

cessor. It's like having your own ac

into another area of the spreadsheet.

to disk to include the report in a word

countant

Tlie "Replicate" function copies data

night, right in your own home!

Including

working

you

day

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SOFTWARE REVIEWS Team Mate

allowed on up to three fields within a

Computer: Commodore 64 Publisher: Tri Micro

[4072 Stratten Way Santa Ana, CA 92705 Medium:

Disk

Price:

S49.95

virwi-.n hy diinai.d ukaiiam

The real power of the spreadsheet is its

die number of the record you want.

ability to interact

snap, and you can even copy records

Searches and record updating are a from one file to another.

ivith the word

J. earn Mute consists of four pro

grams: a word processor, :i data file

record, and accessing records is as easy as pressing I'l and typing RC and

The real fun begins when you want to create a form letter. First you insert

processor andfile

a variable name in the letter and then

manager programs.

use the mail merge function of the tile manager to Integrate the letter and

manager, a spreadsheet, and a busi

the database file. When you do this,

ness graphics program. All programs

you must have both the word proces

arc Integrated; thai is. data can be ex

sor and the tile manager resident in

changed between programs.

the computer at the same time. There

Word Processor

is an option for [his at [be beginning

The word processor in Team Mate

of the loading procedure, SO you can jump back and forth between the two

has a capacity of 77 columns by 99

programs in less than the wink of an

lines. This is about one and a half pages of single-spaced printout. While

disk access time, no waiting.

eye by typing only two letters. No

this is a rather small workspace com

Spreadsheet

pared to other programs, you will find

The third program is ihc spread

that it can be overcome by file link

ing, lilc linking "stitches" the end of

sheet program. This is the real work

the current workspace to the begin

horse of the package. Large chunks of

ning of the next. You can then print out the entire work or just the cur

data can be organized, manipulated

rent section.

complex financial questions. Expense

and calculated to provide answers to

Unlike many word processors, this

reports,

profit

ami

loss

statements,

one is full width. By that I mean that

checkbooks, stock tracking, and bud

you will only see ball of the width of

gets can

your text at one time. Yon can jump

only shortcoming of the spreadsheet

all be easily

handled. The

back and forth from the left side of

is its limited memory capacity. The

the page to the rigbt side by using the

size of [he sheet is 17 columns by 50

function keys F7 and FH. The word processor, as well as the

rows, only 850 cells maximum.

file manager and spreadsheet, use

is its ability to interact with the word

keyboard commands, ibis means that

processor and file manager programs,

'Hie real power of the spreadsheet

you will not have to trudge through

If you select the desktop option wlien

menus. Don't get me wrong: Though

loading the system, you can have all

menus can be very friendly, in this

three programs inside the computer

type of software 1 find it much more

at once. You then have the ability to

productive to he able to call up a

have a split window on the screen

function

which displays the word processor

immediately rather than

through a menu. The (;1 key puts all

data at the lop and the spreadsheet

the commands at your disposal. These

able words

include bulk delete, search and re

nextpage,

of the

The ease with which data can be

place, file merging, the use of tabs,

function, such as I'd lor format disk or

moved from the spreadsheet to the

moving blocks of text, inserting text,

word processor is amazing. Single

on-screen print previewing, left and

learning to use the processor very

cells call be mapped Into the proces

right

easy.

sor as well as whole sections. Names

justification,

page

numbering,

like pause,

justify, and

or abbreviations

for delete.

This system makes

and Hie linking. The print mode imbeds print-for

File Manager

data at the bottom.

as well as formulas can be applied to cells, and you can go to a cell by using

mat commands in the document fur

The tile manager is as easy to learn

underlining, centering, and the ability

as the word processor. I'ields within a

to send certain ASCII codes to the

file can he named (up to 35 charac

the spreadsheet as well as the file

printer. Most of the commands used

ters ) with up to 38 characters in each

manager that

by the processor are cither recognlz-

of up to 17 fields per record. Sons arc

its name rather than ils address. There is another function allows you

within repeat

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For Commodore Computers

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BASC COMPILER

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Citv Stale CM 2.'8G

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Rl-VIhW i:i> HV KLl 1.T-V KSSOE:

Proteus Computer: Commodore 64 Publisher: Research Design Associates P.O. Box H-iH

Stony Brook, NY 11790 Medium:

Disk

Price;

879.95

W.,hat

a concept! I loud my word

processor, tingling with anticipation.

Three false starts later, 1 stand in the kitchen munching on a cold piece of last night's chicken. I am uncomfort ably aware of that blinking cursor taunting me from the oilier room, and or all lliat blank space around my two soli tan'

sentences.

Maybe

wasn't

such a great idea lor a Story after all. And so. another terrific idea bites the

dust. What went wrong? For most of us. the biggest problem with writing is not the original idea. The problem is what to do with ii once you've go! it.

"Hreewriting" is what it sounds like.

How do you transform that tiny seed

When your freewrite. it is Important

into a full-blown plant? What's the se cret ... the magic ... the tool!' The se cret

"prc-writing." The

magic is

"free writing," The tool is /'rolciis, Proteus. Sounds familiar, isn'i Pro teus that weird soothsayer from the annals of Greek mythology who could change his shape at will? Right. But wrong Proteus, I'm talking about die pre-writlng idea processor from search

Design Associates.

Neverthe

less, one point regarding Proteus, the

Proteus helps writers

not to pause or ponder. On the con trary, it is very important to refrain

of any age or

from any kind of self-censorship—just

expertise transform

as quickly as you can, without con cern for correctness or content. To

type whatever comes Into your head,

the tiny seed of an idea into a full blown plant

help keep the ball rolling. "Freewrlting" chimes and

for more than ten seconds. However,

you

Greek myth, has hearing on the theor

Hashes the mes

sage—KEEP WRITING—if you pause can hit

the FI

key

to take a

h readier.

The "Looping" module allows for

ies behind Proteus, the software. It was because of his shape-shifting that

all the bits and pieces fall magically

revision and expansion on ideas cre

Proteus became acclaimed as the per

together with a purpose anil a point.

ated by "Hreewriting." It allows you

sonification ofthc "original matter from

this process of breaking

to zero in on any particular thought

down and breathing life into an idea

within

freewrite on that concept by itsell.

say, story, poem, song or novel—your

thai Proteus comes along. PtVtBUS is comprised of five interactive mod

ideas are

ules: "Listing." "I'reewriiing."

which all the world was created."

Whatever you write—be it an es the original

matter from

which your creation is made. I'nfor-

"Loop

ing," "Cubing," and "The I'ive W's."

freewriting file,

ami

then

"Cubing" is a way of looking at a

subject from six different angles. You can start with a new idea or select a

"Listing" allows you to create num

topic from previous work within any

print doesn't really matter.' To put it

bered lists of thoughts and informa

other module. After you name your

bluntly, a terrific idea, unexplored,

tion. This is the place to begin. II you

cubing session, you will be prompted

will remain merely a terrific idea.

to analyze. As with the other modules,

To reach Its potential, an idea must

already have the idea. "Listing" allows you to explore what you already

first be plundered: mercilessly frag

know about your topic, "road map"

in mind

mented into its most elemental ingre

possible twisis and turns, or outline

wrong

dients

the

spontaneous thoughts. When you are

tuuatcly,original matter without a blue

and

then

rearranged,

brain-

basic

structure of your

manu

type in whatever occurs to you. Keep thai there are answers,

only

no right or I'rce-flowing,

stormed, subtracted from, added to,

script "Listing" can also be used to

done analyzing, you are prompted to

adjusted ami rearranged again—until

clarif\ Individual elements.

(Rewrite the other five sides ot the

MARCH/APRIL 8G

SOFTWARE REVIEWS cube compare, contrast, argue lor. ;irguc against, and define,

The last Proteus module is called "The five W's." Here you answer the

the primary questions: who. what, when, where, and why. In this mini iik-. again, you answer each question,

writing down everything that pops into your head, using [he free-flowing

frecwrlting technique. This module clarifies the structure of agiven topic. Proteus is extremely easy to use.

The entire program uses just three command keys, so (earning to use

Paul Whitehead Teaches Chess

Hi YliWHJHY UK K MVi UI!AI (.11

Start with the basics of

chess and move to an intermediate level. Then test your skill on an opponent program

Computer: Commodore d i

Publisher! Enlightenment inc. 11 lo Sanchez Si

included in the package.

San Francisco, CA 94114 Medium;

Disk

Price;

849.95

Proteus takes about ten seconds. It is also extremely flexible, allowing you

hcss is intriguing

Ibis is especial

to move back and forth from one

ly true when a pair of masters like

module to another, and from one top

Anatoli Karpov and Gary Kasparov get

ic to tlit.' next and back again, as often

together

as you wish. And while you're busy

who know very little of the subtle

with all tbis shifting around, you nev

strategies of the game, and still more

er have to suffer the agonies of forget ting to hit the "save" key, because

who know absolutely nothing about

there Is no save keyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Proteus saves all text from every module automati

basics of chess and builds lo an inter

with another. The game program is

mediate level Paul Whitehead, who designed the tutorial, was a chess

scl

master al

ten

pla\ it out, and then return to your

be has won

plate in the tutorial. Each chess piece

cally,

'['his program is so good that the

Hut there are many people

it. This program starts with the very

It.

That

was almost

up so

(hat

you

can

ereale any

board situation found in the tutorial.

few criticisms 1 do have don't affect in

years ago. Since then,

the least my overall highest recom

stale, junior and American champion

is assigned a point value. Tbis makes il

mendation. The (0-page manual covers pre-wrtting techniques thoroughly, bin

ships. In this program, he successfully

easier for the beginner to see if a swap

lays the groundwork for a novice chess

of pieces would be an advantage or

its format is somehow anaesthetic

player without being condescending

disadvantage, Standard

Fortunately, the abundance of truly helpful help screens that explain and exemplify all Proteus modules in great detail makes the manual more

There

are

three

disks

Paul

notation

also taught, and with a printer, that

Whitehead Teaches (.'hiss. One con

notation can be recorded for all your

tains the "Coffeehouse Chess Mon

games. Since each move is generated

ster," an opponent program by [ulio

by keyboard entry, it is imperative dial you understand standard nota

l have no problem whatsoever with

K&plan, a chess programmer and champion himself. The other two form

the fact thai Ptvtous docs not allow

die tutorial, which covers die basic

tions you'll be typing.

you to produce ;i final draft. Writing is basically a three-phase undertaking:

rules, tactics for each piece, Opening

Once you feel you're ready to face

principles and endgame. Quizzes are

Competition, access the "Coffeehouse

pre-writlng, writing, and

provided to test your understanding. Many of the more than (>()() differ

Chess Monster."

structure first

er can play you or play itself. It is also

or less extraneous.

Proteus creates and

re-writing.

ideal

pre-

ent boards oiler you choices based on

the teachings you have received to

possible for two humans to square oil.

sor lake care of phase [WO and ilirti-.

date. When the right mine is made,

You can un-do any moves made by

My only regret is that, although I'm-

you

tens lets you is

for

tlie

Ibis computer loe

has nine different levels. The comput

writing phase. Let your word proces

there

environ me ui

the

tion, because those are the instruc

are

applauded,

but

when

you

prim

out

your work,

make ;i wrong move, you are shown

no facility

for

transferring

the consequences of thai move and

you or the computer. Those can then

be replayed. The documentation is good, espe

your I'rotcns files into your word pro

why it was wrong, Each of the 600

cially

cessing program. This particular con

boards is selected from menus. Kadi

each board is located by both number

venience would make the transition

and subject, and then letting you call

from pre-writlng to writing more fluid, (Editor's Note: lisersean, however,

each board. So, by the time I had seen

up any board.

all the hoards from both disks, I had

procedures can be found on

upgrade to a version that will transfer

spent

pages of "All You Need to Know." Hut

to your word processor.) up-and-coming

drive to do its job. In spite of this, the program is very

novelist. Proteus is without a doubt

informative and generally easy to use.

Overall, the program is for those

an invaluable tool for wrilers of any

The chess pieces are well drawn, so there is little chance of confusing one

who have the burning desire to learn

From

student

age or expertise.

requires disk access, as docs

a lot

of time waiting lor my

the road maps

telling where

The actual rules and four

there is much more you'll discover on your own.

chess from square one. COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

Q 45

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

KiiVIEW ED BY GARY FIELDS

Essex Computer: Commodore 64 Publisher: SyQapse/Broderbund

17 Paul Drive

San Rafael. CA 94903 Medium;

Disk

Price:

139.95

T X nose

<ii you suited for text adven

ture, get onboard. The VoUcbons art-

tearing through the universe, crush ing everything in their path. Tlic Fed eration needs a counterattack, bin the only Starshljp

powerful

enough to

slow the invasion Is the Essex. The

only problem is thai the Esses is owned by Captain Dee, a man more

interested

personal

profits

than

universal prosperity. To make mailers worse. Professor IgnatZ Klein, the only man who can devise a defense,

has disappeared. Your job is to board the Essex, find its reclusive captain,

and persuade him to join the fight. Of course along the way. you must cap

Essex, you are ready to board the star-

ture a Vollchon saboteur before he

destroys the ship and find Klein be fore he is eaten by ravenous canni

bals. So try not co be killed—the Fed eration needs you.

If you enjoy a good book, ESSSX will quickly become a favorite. Us intrigu

ing plot has more cliff hangers than a James Bond movie and more space

drama than Star Wars, Because B8SBX

spins its tale in real time, things hap pen regardless Of your actions.

ship.

To complete the

On board, the story unfolds

quickly. It begins with a murder. He

mission aboard Essex, you must be a cross betweenJames Bond

and Luke Skywalker.

careful Investigating it, because if you

act hastily, you may be the .second victim. Now work your way to Cap tain Dee. I found that sneaking into the crew's quarters and stealing a uni form gave me the most freedom to explore. But it also got me thrown in

the brig when 1 was discovered. A malfunction

This

the

energy

forces

real-time action is a welcome ad

can spend your time reading instead

there nearly killed me—and that was

vancement

of checking the list of commands. If

only the beginning!

adventure

novels.

Essex's one Haw is lack of speed.

early novels, action is fro/en until the

you do input B command the comput

novel

er doesn't understand, it will point

The game itself is stored on three-

■with Essex, Unless you tell the story

out

Co pau.se, it will continue without you.

rephrase it. And because you ean use-

sides of two disks. To accommodate the complexity of Essex and keep the

"lTiis not only keeps (he action flow

synonyms freely, you can tell Nancy

real-lime clock ticking, the Comput

ing, hut helps solve mysteries as well.

to "pick up." "get" or '"take" the

er's memory must be continuously

If you are ever unsure of what to do

newspaper.

updated. This is done by accessing

receives a command. Not so

next, your best move might be to sim

the

error and

All the

features

suggest

you

how to

expect

in a

ply do nothing. Just wait for another

good adventure game are here. You

character or background event to

can save your spot in the novel using

give you a elue.

the

Bookmark command,

and your

the disk. As a result, short waits must be endured while the drive spins.

Essex is an electronic novel for any one who enjoys adventure. It creates

character ean pick up and drop ob

a universe filled with challenge and

strict the user to few commands. Hul

jects,

danger.

because Essex

cheek on health, inventory, and be

from this novel, it would be a cross

vanced parser, the program can un

longings. For a printed record of your

between a 007 movie and Star Wars.

derstand most words. In fact. flsSfiX

progress,

In fact, to complete

will answer almost any command

mand.

Older adventure games often

uses Synapse's ad

with a logical response. This really adds enjoyment, 46

MARCH/APRIL '86

because

now

you

examine

use

surroundings,

and

the Printer On com

llin above all.Essex is an adventure.

Alter reading the first five chapters of

If a movie was ever made

the

mission

aboard Essex, you really must be a cross between James Bond and l.uke Skvwalker.

A Name That's Synonymous With Simplistic Productivity Software Substitute easy-to-use pictures in place of complicated computer languages. Absolutely the easiest way to use a computer!

j anewrite ™

j anecalc ™

j anelist

A full featured word processor

The calculator/spreadsheet that

Compile and store various lists

that lets you produce all kinds

makes working with numbers

with the use of this electronic

of quality documents. See flic

easy.

filing cabinet. Create a personal

text displayed on the computer

Display an entire financial

address book. Design custom

screen exactly as it would

record neatly on the screen.

lists. Construct a mailer for

appear when printed. • Create documents in either

> Automatically recalculate an

entire spreadsheet should

normal or BOLDFACE

just a few of the figures

type.

change.

• Arrange paragraphs to

satisfy any order you desire.

Calculate sums, averages, and minimum and maximum

your business needs.

• Locate a single entry with the Search feature. • Delete selected entries with

the touch of a key. • Arrange entries in any

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particular order with The

allow you to create docu

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ments in foreign languages.

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• Available accent marks

• Comes complete with

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several ready to use file

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formats for your convenience.

Soon To Be Available On The NEW Commodore 128 Personal Computer

COMMODORE; arktronics

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

REVIEWED HY.liiHN |. KOTTLEfi

Help Master 64

■$£

Help Master 64 is an

Computer: Commodore 64 Publisher: Master Software

electronic reference

guide to 69

6 HilltTy Court

Randa!lstown,MD21133

301-922-2962 Disk/Tape

Medium:

Price:

'"""""

BASIC

Commands

1 lelp Master 64: 119,95 Handbook of BASIC on the Commodore 64: S 14.95 Both: S24.95

on the Commodore

64.

Jlow often have you forgotten BA

SIC commands In the middle or writ ing a program? 'Mils can be very frus trating. To make beginning program mers feel at home, Master Software has developed a book-and-program package on 69 Commodore 64 BASIC commands. With /lelp Master 64, a

previous program lii

lliat

has

been

cleared from memory by NEW or sys

tem

reset

can be

revived. Though

Help Master 64 contains all of the Commodore 64's BASIC commands and descriptions, the program itself uses no BASIC programming memory.

programmer can call a BASK! com

Help Master 64 is located between

mand to the screen along with its Commodore abbreviation, up to

memory locations 40960 and 49151

three lines describing the command,

uses part of (he -*K of memory located

and further page references.

between i9152 and 532i7. However,

underneath the BASIC ROM, and also

this program does not interfere with

This electronic reference guide is simple lo use. A title screen appears

the

with

start at memory location 5222-t.

option

instructions

either

or exit

read

to BASIC!.

the

DOS Wedge

or programs

that

Help Master 64 is not copy-pro

The

instructions remind you of how to

tected, but Master .Software's Market

use Help Master (>■ i. When you exit to

Master I'lan is quite interesting. In an

BASIC, a listing of all Commodore 64

effort to prevent piracy, they suggest

BASIC

commands

appears

that when your friend asks for a copy,

and you

arc ready to enter your program.

offer him an order form which has a

If, while typing your BASIC pro

serial number stamped on it. This ser

gram, you lorget the format of a BA

ial number is an account number. Ev

SIC command or what a command

ery lime a friend buys Help Master 64

will do, just type a quotation mark

and sends in the order form you gave

and press RETURN, The entire list of

him, Master Software then puts two

commands

appears

immediately,

dollars in your account. In addition to

you find a command you would like

tion thoroughly, press any key to re

the two dollars you receive, for any

Help Muster 64 to explain, type a

turn to BASIC^, leaving the help dis

copy of//(■//; Master 6-i your friend

quotation mark followed by the com

play (o scroll off the screen. If you

"sells," you receive an additional dol

mand and the RETURN key. A win

wish to restore the text [hat was pres

lar.

dow is displayed at the upper portion

ent before you asked for help, press

reaches ten dollars and Master Soft

of the screen with the BASIC com

the 1:1

ware sends you a check.

mand highlighted, its Commodore ab

screen.

breviation, an example of the correct

key to reprint your original

Your

account

grows

until

Help Master 64 is extremely help

Besides retrieving helpful informa

ful for beginner programmers and for

usage of (he command, an explana

tion. Help Master 64 has other fea

those programmers who despise sift

tion of the command, and page refer

tures.

ing through do/ens of manuals. With

ences in three different programming

many times you press the Kl'N .STOP

the new Commodore I 28 growing in

guides, one of which can be bought

and RESTORE keys, Help Master 64

popularity, there is little doubt that

with the Help Master program or pur

always

Master Software will create a newer

chased separately. The example also

tion, Help Master 64 includes a "'C64

version that will support all the I28's

displays options for use of the com

R£NKW" program. This routine re

BASIC commands. For whatever com

mand within brackets.

verses the action of the NEW com

puter. Help Master 6-i is truly a useful

mand. By typing "SYS51250:CLR," the

reference guide.

When you have read the informa48

MARCH/APRIL'86

For instance, no matter how

remains functional.

addi

Get the most out of your new

C-O8 orAmiga computer with these authoritative guides prepared by Commodore's technical staff COMMODORE Programmer's Reference Guide

Now that you have your brand-new Commodore* computer, let the experts show you everything you

nccu to know to master vour machine's full potenti.il.

C-128 OWNERS: If vouYc one of the projected liallmillion new C-128 ownox, you know you've got a machine

that's incredibly powerful (or its price, Now harness every l>it of tli.it power with the official Commodore 12$ Programmer's

Reference Guide.

AMIGA OWNERS: Wre finding out why the Amiga computer, with its exceptional graphics, is the hottest

hjgh-end personal computer on the market. And because 11k AmifjaDOS Manual is the on!) source ot complete information

on the Amiga's disk operating system, you just can't afford to be without it.

Really three IwMiks in one. The AmkiaDOS Manual includes;

Here's everything you need to know, from BASIC to

machine language and CI'M operations, an input/output guide,

a user's manual with Instructions on how to use all available

color codes, and sound/frequency tables. Comprehensive

DOS commands, from the most common to the most advanced; a technical reference manual which details Amiga's highly refined

pinout diagrams of primary chips, and a complete schematic diagram essential lor modifications to the machine and

hierarchical filing system; and, Inr the advanced user interested in professional-qualil\ programming, a developer^ manual

appendices include maps of memory locations, error messages,

Tor C and assembly languages program development.

norotandard interfaces. Commodore 128 Programmer's Reference Guide A ii.iiil.iiii Computer Book Commodore is a registered trademark <>l Commodore EwctroufG^ LtJ. CnrnmnHori' 128 [9 J m<lniwk of t'ommodorc fcfertronit"*, I Tel.

TheAmigaDOS Manual BANTAM EIFCTRONIC I'lll!l IM1ING

A Bantam Computer Book Amiga is a trademark cd Corrunodor&-Aiid|3, Iric.

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SOFTWARE REVIEWS

KUVlfcWKI) HI' MAUK <:OTONI:

Brimstone

Gawain's dream becomes a nightmare, Publisher: Synapse.'Itrodcrhund 1" Paul Drivewhere he traverses a San Rafael, CL\ 94903 world of demons and Medium: Disk Price: J39.95 dungeons in secnvh of Jl imes have never been better for mystical secrets.

This

Computer: Commodore 6-t

realism

medieval world of demons and dun

folds a small portion of the overall

surfacing

geons is as good as they come.

tale, including

"page." A less tangible element also

text adventurers. Synapse/Broderbund's attempt at tackling the revered

Brimstone is the tale of Gawain, a

time passes with or without Gawain.

into

adds a dimension that

pull

the

of strategic user

deeper

its captivating environment.

For this reviewer, an equally attrac tive ingredient to this particular elec tronic novel is the fact (hat 99% of

the scenario takes place in the sur realistic stage

of a knight's dream.

This allows flexibility in the story's plot construction, with unusual and unexpected locations and creatures

movement,

location,

and

characters.

dialogue,

and

then

with

every

turn

of the

comes Into play soon after the adven

lessee knight oi tin' Round Table who spends mosi of his time fantasizing

asks lor your input, as Gawain, to con

turer realizes (hat in the mind—the

about the legendary events of his

tinue, While the action-reaction com

theatre where

puter-player Interplay is nothing new,

takes place—anything is possible. The

the Synapse team has successfully en

dangers of Ulro arc real enough, but

livened the old exchange to make it

in the realm of one's own imagina

more sophisticated, and playable.

tion, the Impossible defense suddenly

experienced

brethren.

Then,

one fateful night, with the compla

cency of a full stomach and the sooth ing sounds of a nearby lute. Gawain falls into a deep, hypnotic sleep, lie

Brimstone understands over 1200

this entire episode

becomes possible. Dive off a cliff, spit

words. While this number is becom

at the devil, or swing your sword with

into a dark and

ing increasingly common among so

enigmatic underworld known only as Ulro. A prisoner in the unforgiving

wild

phisticated adventures, more impres

feeling

sive

toxicate, for this is your dream.

fires of his own dream, the player—as

Gawain—must traverse this treacher

recognize implied meaning, When the Computer is approached with a

cial, of course, since the designers are

ous underworld to search lor a well

Sentence or phrase that could have

actually

hidden mystical secret: five magically

multiple

breaks

novel on an undeteetable leash. Make

related words which will free him.

down the statement, guesses at the

a wrong turn and you will be led back

supposed

to your stumbling

unknowingly drifts

The struggle begins in the pack age's

100-page book, which orients

(he player to both the story line and the gaming rules and guidelines. The book

is ;i marvelous

with

.in

the program's

ability

interpretations, aim,

and

appropriate

then

responds

reply.

Let

the

exuberating

of unrestrained

courage

Any power rush gained is superfi directing you

through

point.

Vet

the

this

guidance is so subtly executed that

Another intriguing play concept in

corporated in Brimstone is the way

introductory

the player will think that he is the inspirational mastermind.

Cracking the Brimstone

tool, a combination of humor, mys tery and drama. Here you will read

abandon.

Don't worry, i won't spoil the fun

•

Keep your lips loose. Characters

the fictional account of how the Al

by revealing the secrets of Ulro. I'll

will constantly drift around the un

bion Manuscript—thai long lost vol

leave the hard part up to you,

derworld.

ume which retells "Ihe Dream of Ga

before going off to explore this for

contact with anyone, drill them wilh

wain," the tale on which our adven

eign land, there are a few guidelines.

ever;' imaginable question. These in

Hut

Whenever you establish

ture is based—was absconded from

• In past adventures, whenever a

the lower stacks of the Slog Archives,

player reaches a location lor the first

be of help, and arc your primary

shipped to California, and

lime, he thoroughly strips the area in

source of information. Don't be shy.

finally

transformed into an electronic format. You will also be treated lo an 1'lro

search of clues. In Brimstone, this still

habitants have been placed in l.Uro to

• Even with its expansive vocabu

stands, but with the ever-changing na

lary, the game occasionally answers

character directory to gel acquainted

ture

illogieally. This is usually due to mis

with the land's more distinguished in

enough. Whenever you return lo an

interpretation somewhere along the

habitants, as well as a hilarious "warn

area, check around for anything that

line.

ing"

might have been stolen or deposited.

might be incorrect, they are not use

While you were out, someone may

less. Take note of the given reply, be

have tried to leave you a message.

cause it is most likely a clue to a simi

chapter from

General

the

Programmer

concerning the

addicting

qualities of this package. There is also

of the program,

once

not

But

while

these statements

the address ol the BUBLES foundation

• While on the subject of Gawain's

(Bystanders Upset by Brimstone-Like

surroundings: Whenever yon meet an

of fact, the shrewd explorer might

Electronic Software), tor those who

impossible impasse, it pays to be pa

want to intentionally riddle the com

feel compelled lo send donations. Experienced text adventurers will immediately feel at

home with

the

required itinerary. The computer un50

MARCH/APRIL 86

lar situation in the future. As a matter

tient. Since the world continuously

puter wilh an occasional absurd or

shifts around you. sit tight for a mo

vague query. Who knows what infor

ment or two, and see if natural events

mation

lend a helping hand.

closed?

might

mistakenly

dis

Factory Reconditioned with Factory Warranty!

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"Eisy Scrip!" One ol the most powerful word pro cessors at any pr ice i Cul re-typing, create docu

letters, numerals, symbols, reverse characters. 2 cursor control keys, 4 function keys, programma

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Built-in disk drive! Intelligent high speed unit with

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Character codes: CBM ASCII code. Print speed: 60 characters per second Maximum columns: SO columns. Chancier spacing: 10 characters pet inch.

Line letrt spacing: 6 lines per inch in character mode or 8 lines per inch selectable 9 lines per inch in graphics mode.

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letters, see and change a document beloie it is print ed. Instruction manual has extensive training sec tion that simplihes use ... even for someone who

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HARDWARE REVIEWS

lit-.\ UA\ hi) HV WALT 1.(11 \M(I HI

S'more BASIC Computer; Commodore 64 Publisher: Cartlco

Price:

SOOS.Topeka Wichita, KS 67202 859.95

V^ardco's S'more BASIC is a car

tridge lor the Commodore 64 tliai not only adds BASIC commands, but ex pands its programming memory

01.183 bytes. Now you can run better education programs, because there is more memory in store lessons and re sponses. You can nst- bigger and more

Involved database programs. S'more BASIC aha adds commands thai case it

Although this may seem like a lot of

doesn't add graphics and sound com

programming,

and,

although

commands from one cartridge, I have

mands, ii docs provide easy access to l lie VIC and SID registers.

Using 11 it: cartridge, you can stroll ihrough program listings, forward or

backward,

with

the

cursor

keys.

There is a fast string garbage collec tion

routine,

when

you

create

40,000 bytes of old strings, basic won't need .several tninuies (o clear them. And. it you deal with the tli.sk

drives, you know how a byte of value zero stored on disk

is returned us a

A cartridgefor the

only described about hall of them

Even at that, most of the features mo

Commodore 64 that

far are simply conveniences; it is pos

not only adds BASIC

sible to .net

commands, but ex

programs,

pands its program

where

ihough,

most

communication

with the user is essential S'more

BASIC

And this is is

the

most

valuable.

ming memory to

With the PRINT USING command. formatting output to the screen or printer is vcr\ simple. This is a true

61,183 bytes.

formatting capability, handling lead

null siring when you read ii back.

S'mare basic solves ilii.s by forcing

along without

them. If you are writing applications

ing and nailing signs, commas. Moat

null input to equal a byte of value

mands is included, and S'more HASH.

ing dollar signs, and scientific nota

zero,

will allow you to include REMarks in

tion.

the middle of program lines.

PRINT USING capabilities ol any HA

if you like to program, type in pro grams from magazines, or Just riddle

S'more defaults all operations

the

most

sophisticated

SIC dialect, special characters like the

with programs wherever they come

the disk drive, liven the SHIITVRUN-

space,

from, the S'more cartridge makes ii

S'l'l)!' key combination loads ami runs

comma can be altered

even more fun. It* typing the com mand "HELP ON," you are rewarded

the first program on the disk instead of the tape drive. The LOAD com

simple prompts for information for

with a list of program lines that cause

mand will also ignore the extra text in a directory listing. The RUN com

are a snap, and input can be restricted

well as the error messages. You can

mand

to give

enter programs with automatic line numbering, renumber all or sections

program.

ol a program, or delete sections of P

S'more

program.

merged, so you can easily use subrou

syntax crrorr. as the program runs, as

You can automatically FIND and CHANGE parts of a program. If you

You

directly can

loads

chain

BASIC,

and

runs

programs

Programs

with

can

tine libraries. You can lisi the disk di

dollar

sign,

decimal,

and

The PRINT AT command provides your program. Fancy screen layouts your

programs some

armor

plating, as well Natural h. .S 'umiv BA SIC provides a simple means ol clear ing the screen and altering character. screen, and border colors. Believe it or not. there is siill more If you are going to use all ol the mem

need to find out what a program is do-

rectory without disturbing the pro gram in memory, and can even lisi it

ory S'more BASIC provides, then ii

Ing, you can DUMP the values of nun-

from inside the program as it runs.

helps to have a structured BASIC to re

array variables, or TRACE program execution. Cardco definitely thought

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MARCH/APRIL '86

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TECHNICAL TIPS

I(YMARK/IM\!I lf\l\\\

ber how to gel the rules right.

Random

A specific example will make it all

clear. Suppose that there is a

Thoughts

1036

chance for a man to be colorblind, and a l".t chance for a woman to be

colorblind. In the language o! condi

Notes on Notations

tional probability, we could say that "the probability that X is colorblind is 0.1, given that X is male." We write

M. liis month, 1 want to diSCUSS :i big topic—notations—with

specific

that as:

P(X is colorhlind|X is male) - 0,1

plications to random numbers and to

The vertical bar is read aloud as "giv

oilier areas of computer programming.

en." Similarly, one can write:

The Big Picture

P(X is colorblind|N is female)

A notation, in the narrowest sense,

is a system for writing something

= 0.01 So far, this is nothing mysterious.

down. Everybody has probably seen

The vertical "given" bar looks some

musical notation, ;it least in its most

thing like a fraction sign—a "slash"

common

that

incarnation

of notes on a

separates numerator

and de

Staff, You've seen Arabic numbers

nominator, as in "22/7." That resem

(0123456789) and Roman numerals

blance is not coincidental

seen equa

Now, what is the chance for a ran

tions (X = Y + Z ), and maybe more ad

domly chosen person in the popula

(MCMLXXXV1).

You've

vanced mathematics. lint a notation can be a lot more. These patterns of ink on paper thai

you're reading right now are a nota tion for sounds that English speakers make to each other. And the sounds of

English and oilier languages are nota tions for ideas, thoughts, concepts, and

patterns

Of menial

activity.

They're for the most part completely

arbitrary—unconnected with what they represent.

The key fact that makes notations interesting is that they give us power. A notation compresses big, vague ag

tion at large to be colorblind? Assume

A good notation

for the moment that there is a SO-SO

makes it easy to do

chance that any individual is male or female. Then, intuitively, one expects

whafs right and

the chance to be just (he average of the male and female colorblindness

difficult to ?nake

probabilities. That intuition is right!

mistakes. And a great

P(X is colorblind) = \'(\ is color

blind |\ is male)' 0.5 +

notation leads you

l'( X is color

on to new ideas and

blind X is female )*

0.5

discoveries

0.1*0.5

0.01*0.5 = 0.05S

The same rule applies in general: riic chance for something to happen

glomerations of data Into a compact chunk—;t chunk you can hold in your

oi the thing which one sees." The best

is ihe Sum of the products

mind and link up with other chunks.

notations are the ones we have the

chances for it to happen given all the

A nood notation makes it easy to do

hardest time recognizing.

possibilities,

what's right and difficult to make mis takes in your work. And a great nota

Down to Earth

chances

for

That's hard to understand in words,

lint lei's get back to the main theme

discoveries, beyond what was already

of this series: random numbers and

In fact, a really extraordinary nota

the

each of those possibilities to occur.

tions leads you on 10 new ideas and contained in the data.

times

their applications

in computing.

want

several

describe

but

the

notation

of conditional

probabilities it's almost trivial:

J'< A ) - P(AJB)'P(B) +

notations Tliis equation

looks an

awful

lot

tion gives one such power, in such a

that I find useful in dealing with ran

natural-seeming way. that you forget

dom number distributions, mi you can

like many you may have seen with

you are even using a notation! It be

use them too when you need them.

fractions. If you like, you can consider

comes

The

transparent,

most

powerful

second

the "given" symbol ("|") to he some

nature.

notations

that

have evolved are the ones we con

P Given Q "Conditional

thing like an inferior or "weak" divi

probability" is tile

sion symbol. Multiplying an expres

sion like l'(H|A). with A "weakly

stantly overlook—like language Itself,

name for the chance thai something

And there may be even deeper nota tions, which exist independently of language—such as the ideas of "num

happens, given that something else

downstairs," by l'( A (gives l>( All)—the

has

A was "pulled upstairs" by the multi

couple of rules which apply to condi

plication, I'(AB) is one way to write

ber." "space." and "time." As Paul Yale-

tional probabilities, and a simple no

ry .said, "Seeing is forgetting the name

tation which makes it easv to remem

the chance of both A and B happening simultaneously,

MARCH/APRIL '86

already occurred.

There

are

TECHNICAL TIPS Turnaround

Shuffle!

Hut thcie Is still more to ttii^ condi

tional probability notion, What if you know the chance for die conditional

Our answer above is most of the

Another important area of prob ability involves counting—specifical

way there—it gives

us how

main

hands there are if the sequence ol

ly, counting how many ways some

drawing die cards makes a difference

probabilities going one direction, ;tnd

thing can happen. For instance. In a

If we don't care ahout the sequence.

want to luni things around and an-

previous column

about

then we have to divide by how mam

swer a question the other way? For

how many ways there are to arrange a

times each order occurs. Since ever)1

example, suppose you arc told lhat "X

deck of 52 cards.

card is different, there are 5M*3*2* i = 5! orders for drawing, and our an

we talked

is colorblind," and want to know the

The answer is easy. There are 52

chance thai X is female? This Isn't so

choices for the first card. 51 more for

obvious!

the second (since, given the choice of

Intuition tells you that X is prob ably not female, since the chance for X to be colorblind given that X is

the first card, there are fewer remain

Here we've got a new flotation, C (

ing choices lor the second—condi

could be read as "the combinations of

tional probability), so for the third

five things chosen from 52" or maybe

male is so

card, etc. Multiplying up the possibili

more succinctly as "52 pick 5 " This is

ties, the answer is:

exactly the same, numerically, as the

much higher than

it is

when X is female. If your intuition is highly mathematical, it might even

tell you that since [he conditional probability going one way Is ten-to-

52*5l*50*i9' 52!=8MO"~

...

'4*3*2' I

swer is just:

number of ways to pick i~ things out

ol 52—obvious, if you think about [he

(That "!" is a notation lor "factori

deck left in your hand as the "mirror

onc in favor of males being colorb

al," by the way. in ease you h.uln'i

image" of the cards dealt out. Some

lind, probably it will be similar going

seen it heforc.)

times combinations are written as a

the other way. That's right! Look once

more at the general

But how many ways are there to

hig parenthesis:

(DO

pick. Bay, five cards from a deck of 52? Clearly, there are again 52 choices for

equation:

pCA)»pca[b)'p(b)+p(a|c)"PCC)

the first, 51 for the second, etc., lead ing to 52"51*5O--t9*-iK choices. We

P(AC)+P(AD). ..

can write

that

in factorial notation

What to Remember l-'rom all of this random collection

too:

The chance of both A and B simul

taneously happening is the first term

of notations, the important thing to As you

can

see.

writing out

the

remember

the

core

idea—when

In the above equation, IJ( A|B )'P( B) =

terms, the excess numbers in the nu

faced with a complex, unmanageable

I'(AK). read as "P of A and B." The

merator of (he fraction precisely can

chance of bolh A and C occurring is

cel out

the excess numbers in the

situation, Invent a convenient nota tion to make it tractable. Piny with

denominator. This is so simple that it

that notation—try to modify it so that

P(AlC)'P(C), the second term, and so

On, But another way, just as good, to

hardly needs any separate notation,

it suggests what the right thing to do

write the chance of both A and B

given the "!" factorial symbol.

is, and prevents you from making a

these two ways of saying the same

question may arise. Mow many differ

thing on the two sides of an equation:

ent groups of live cards can you draw

thing unforeseen about the problem

from 52 if the order doesn't matter?

you're working on, perhaps a better

That is, how many poker hands are

way of thinking about it that makes

there?

the solution obvious!

being true is V( B|A )*P( A). We can put P(A|B)'P(B)-P(B|A)*F(A)

A little juggling then gives the easyto-remember rule:

P(B|A) = P(A|B)"P(ByPCA)

We can interpret this equation in

But

a slightly

complicated

mistake. Follow the notation wherev er it leads you—see if it implies some

Some Sample Notations

terms of the "weak division" meaning

of the "given" ("|") sign. Dividing

l'(AH) by P(B) produces P(A|B)—the 11 was "pulled downstairs" by the di

e~TT

}f(x)dx

vision.

Thus, the chance of X being male,

3«3000±1

given no Information other than the fact that X is colorblind, is just 0.1*0,5/0.053 = 0.9090.,. = 10/11. '['his follows simply hy plugging into the latest equation, Similarly, the chance of ^ being female, given no

dx/dy

information other than the fact thai X

a 2'

is colorblind, is just ().(J I "0.5/0.055 = 0.09090...

- l/l I. As intuition sug

gested, it's ten times likelier for X to be

male than female. If X is colorblind.

1*0

A COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

TECHNICAL TIPS

UY n.WII) K UKOOKS

Getting Started with MIDI

the MIDI concept and an inexpensive

general-purpose machine like the Commodore 64 is perfectly suited for this purpose. Note that the (n's Sll) chip is irrelevant lor this application.

Music

However,

Part 1 j!

the

computer's internal

sound capabilities can be useful in a way I'll mention later.

The computer that controls your

know just how you feel â&#x20AC;&#x201D; you've

MIDI equipment lias two main func

been reading about the new MID] synthesizers and you can't wait to get started. Bui despite everything that's been'written on the subject, it's still

tions: sending and receiving signals to

and from one or more MIDI synthe

sizers. There are basically two kinds of signals in the "send" mode. first,

hard io Figure out how to put togeth

you can instruct a synthesizer to se

er a basic MIDI system. In this article

lect particular sounds (called "patch

es"} from its repertoire. Second, you

I'll like to discuss briefly the Impact of

this musical revolution and outline

connections

the kinds of hardware and software decisions you'll have to make to use

and the content of the messages that are

MIDI technology with your comput

most

er. In a FutUte issue. Ill be taking a

synthesizers

produces MIDI-

some other mechanism). In ibis role

closer look at a couple of specific

compatible equipment, It's important

the computer controller aets like a

Commodore-bused midi systems.

to understand that the MIDI standard

sophisticated electronic version of a

idea of

deals with the management of sound-

player piano,

what the MIDI standard is and dues.

synthcslB equipment and not directly

Let's start with a little background. Up

with the

until a few

First, you'll need a good

years ago, synthesizers

between

transmitted every

synthesizers

between them.

can send signals that the synthesizer understands as the pressing and re

leasing of keys on i(s keyboard ( or the

manufacturer of sound

starling and Slopping of its sounds by

now

internal

sound-producing

MIDI works the other way around, too. If you select a sound patch on

circuitry. Thus, a large variety of de

your synthesizer

were classified as analog devices be

vices like drum machines, keyboards,

board, these events can be transmit

cause they used traditional electronic

and guitar synthesizers, whether digi

ted as MIDI information and stored in

Circuits to generate their sounds and

tal or analog, can all be MlDI-com-

your computer, which can then play

communicate with each other, in these early days, there were almost as

patJble.

back the events just as you performed

many

synthesizers

music hardware that are not MIDI-

tion as roughly

Should communicate as there were

compatible. Older synthesizers (and

tape

manufacturers! As the personal computer revolu tion developed, there was a parallel development in music synthesizers

any new synthesizers that don't ad

computer records not the music it

here to the MIDI standard) are not

self,

MIDI-compatiblc A great deal of this

quired to recreate it through a MIDI'

older equipment is now available at

compatible synthesizer.

lll.it took advantage of the new com

bargain

puter

Besides spurring

you're just starting out in computer

seem all that sophisticated However,

Che development of digital based

music, you shouldn't even consider

the power of tile MIDI concept lies in

sound-synthesis hardware, computers

buying non-MiDl equipment.

the ability to simultaneously transmit

ideas about

technology.

how

revolutionized the storage, transmis

sion, and manipulation of musical In

formation. The huge success of the personal computer

permanently

altered

the

However, there are two

prices,

But.

types of

especially

and

play

its

key

them. You might think of this func recorder. hut

the equivalent ol a Hut be careful!

only

the

These control

The

information

functions

may

nut

of non-MID]

and receive signals to and from a large

equipment thai Commodore 64 users should lie especially aware of arc the

number and variety of instruments.

piano-like keyboards thai plug into

device and transmit the same infor

Tile

second

type

For example, you can play on one

the f) i and play through its Sound

mation to one or more other devices

electronic musical Industry by creat

Interface Device (SID). Such devices

at the same time as it's being record

ing an entirely new mass market fur

may

ed by your computer, or you can re

computer-based music systems. But

relatively inexpensive and the synthe

cord musical Information from one

to tap this market, something clearly

sizer pan (the Sll) chip) comes free

synthesizer and

had to be done about the continued

with the computer. However, they are

proliferation of incompatible equip

musiealh

through a completely different de vice. The possibilities are virtually

ment. Tills problem was effectively

the most modest MIDI systems, and

solved by development and industry

are generally not MIDI-eumpatible.

wide acceptance of the Musical In strument Digital Interface (MIDI). MIDI is a hardware software stan

dard that defines both the physical 56

MARCH/APRIL '86

he tempting because they arc-

limited compared to even

Once you have a MIDI-compatible

play

back

later

endless.

The Basic MIDI System Your basic

MIDI

system

will

synthesizer, the next step is to put together a system for controlling it.

clude your computer, a MIDI inter

Computer control is fundamental to

face, software,

MIDI-compatible

TECHNICAL TIPS sound synthesizer, and ;i sound ampli fication system. The MIDI interface consists of a cartridge (hut is designed specifically tor your type ol computer. (Some in

terfaces may plug Into the user port, instead of the cartridge port.) The in terface enables the exchange of infor mation between your computer and

your MIDI equipment It includes at least two live-pin DIN plugs (;is speci

eral MIDI devices together just like you link printers and disk drives on

Viewing a MIDI

your computer.

system simply as a

MIDI

Now you n(.x\\ the software, which may or may

not

included

signals are sent,

that

make

MIDI-thrn box ;i good idea lor multi

fancy tape recorder

ple-synthesizer systems even if all

vastly under-utilizes its creative potential

your equipment includes MIDI-thru connectors.

The Details

vice and route it to a dilfercut one for

Now let's lake a close look ai the equipment in your Mini system.

playback.)

Since a MIDI hardware interface costs

fied by the MIDI standard) -- one MIDI-in and one MIDI-out.

There are technical

reasons, having to do will) ihc waj

The MIDI standard supports up to

with

your hardware interlace. MIDI soft

16 sound channels,

ware serves as tile "music processor"

limitations in

hut because of

the speed at

almost as much as your Commodore

6-4 did, it's important to understand

which

your needs and options. Some inter

the same

MIDI information can he sent, there is

faces include software, either in a car

way thai a word processor serves to

some question about how many dif

tridge or on disk. (You shouldn't trj

;iid the manipulation of words. As :i

ferent Instruments can effectively be

Ui build a MIDI system around a cas

minimum,

supported simultaneously. The liming

sette-based

your computer to the rest of the sys

of MIDI signals is critical to the suc

tem.) With some hardware, you may

tem and provide the record/play back

cess

software

be restricted to software provided by

functions I discussed above by trans

typically provides an

internal com-

the manufacturer, hut other models

lating the signals passing through the

pulergcnenttcd liming signal, but it

allow you to replace the manufactur

hardware's interface. Additional func

should also be possible to connect an

er's software or buy the hardware ami

tions allow you to create, manipulate,

external clock through the MIDI in

software from two different sources.

and edit musical information from the

terlace. The clock, whether internal

computer keyboard.

for your system

MIDI

in much

software

For

will

the

link

most

of the

external,

system.

MIDI

functions

fancy

information

storage sys

Mow can you tell what the software

Options are for a particular MIDI in

part, these creative functions ol' MIDI

metronome, hut with a significant dif

terface?

software are not standardized. Next, there's the synthesizer itself.

ference: The MIDi standard expects

loads when the system is turned on.

each quarter note (typically one met

For a basic system, this should he a

ronome beat) to be divided into

then you have to determine if thai software can be replaced once the

MIDI-compatible

pans. This, by the way.

polyphonic

key

is where a

If a program

automatically

program is running. II' your computer

board. Use of such instruments is noi

computer's Internal sound generating

stays

restricted

capability comes in â&#x20AC;&#x201D; ii can easily

turned on will) the MIDI interface in

fact, many MIDI keyboards are basi

produce a metronome tick in sync

place, it's waiting for you to load soft

cally intended to serve as stand-alone

with the internal clock.

ware from disk. I prefer the flexibility

MIDI

systems and.

instruments for realtime performing.

Why would you need an external

its

"ready"

state

when

it's

of loading separate programs because

finally, there's the sound system. This

clock if your computer can be pro

it's certain that better programs will

Can be your home stereo or even the

grammed to provide :\ liming signal/

be written in the future as the MIDI

sound Circuit in your TV or monitor.

A separate clock is more flexible; it

concept develops.

However, a good sound system is re

will have its own speed control and it

quired to gel the most out of even the

may not be restricted to producing

look for in an interface. It should have

most inexpensive synthesizer.

one tick for every quarter note. Also,

a clock-in connector in ease you want

The Extras Like computer systems themselves, MIDI systems have a way of growing! Tile

most

are

some

other

things

the timing signals from an external

to add an external clock. It may have

clock can he useful if you are Irving to

a footswltch connector that you can

operate non-MIDI equipment in syn

use to start and stop certain record or playback functions when your hands

chronization with

MIDI

equipment.

Clocks are often included in rhythm

are otherwise occupied.

member that they don't have to be

Synthesizers, and you may want to use this clock to let the "rhythm section"

interlaces and synthesizers, there's no

keyboards. You're free to explore the

of your MIDI system be responsible

possibilities of drum synthesizers or

for keeping even thins; synchronized.

more MIDI

obvious accessories

There

synthesizers â&#x20AC;&#x201D; and re

other specialized

sound

generators.

In such systems, your basic keyboard

When you have more than one syn thesizer in your system, and if any of

Because of the wide variety of MIDI such thing as "universal" MIDI soft ware. YOU Should, however, look for a program that will communicate with a variety of MIDI equipment through your interface,

Instrument will siill serve as the pri

them don't have a MIDI-thru connect

mary music input device, while the

er, you will

others will function just as playback

hardware

devices. (Your .MIDI software will en

This device provides you with multi

iences of analog multitraek recording.

able VQU to create music on one dc-

ple MIDI-OUt connectors to link sev

Tine software should let you record.

need

called

another piece of

MID I-thru

box.

'Hie basic concepts of MIDI soft ware are

derived from

the

exper

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

TECHNICAL TIPS overdub, synchronize, rearrange, and

valuable and creative way of extend

play back several trucks tit music, all without even thinking about anything

ing your technical capabilities.

so primitive as a tape recorder, The data storage and manipulation capa bility of even the most modest com puter gives a flexibility for rearrang ing and combining musical sequences

that is beyond the most sophisticated analog system, Typical mum pro grams for the 64 allow you to Mori1

and manipulate several

thousand

notes {or, more precisely, MIDI events, most of which will result in tht sounding of notes). This musical Information

may he- saved as ;t se

quential Ble and recalled al any time.

Composing and l.<liiinn

It's

MIDI is a hardware/

worth

noting

thai

displaying

MIDI events using conventional musi

software standard

cal notation is not necessarily the best way to work with the contents of MIDI music files. Although some con

that defines both the

physical connections between music

cepts, like pitch, may be accurately

portrayed in ibis way. Other concepts, like note duration, have many quanti

fiable parameters in the MIDI context

synthesizers and the

that are poorly served by convention

content of the

design thai lias not yet been resolved.

messages transm itted

file editing that's very useful, no mat

between them.

Many

al notation. This is an area of software There's one important kind of MIDI

ter what your keyboard skill

level.

MIDI programs contain a so-

called auto-correcting or quantizing function thai allows you to correct

MIDI Music example of software thai operates this

small

of MIDI software tend to favor playing

way

musical

music in real time, and it's clear that

gram for their commodore 64 midi

This takes just a few seconds, and can

yon can obtain very Impressive re

interlace.

be dune at a variety of time resolu

The multitrack recording functions

sults mud] more easily than with an

is Passport's MIDI Plus 8 pro

l! could be argllCd thai punch-in/

rhj ihmie

inaccuracies in

sequence you've

recorded.

tions, Quantizing

editing is ideal lor musi

dearly

demonstrates

analog system. However, whether or

punchoul

not you're a real-time keyboard wiz

cians who aren't interested in com

ard, the step-tune capabilities of your

puters or direct access to the data in

time. Suppose you play a passage con

MIDI system should make it possible

their MIDI nmsie files. However, this

sisting Of quader notes anil a few six

tor you to compose and record music

real-time approach works only if you

teenth notes. If you wish to quantize

that one person (or several) could

have reasonable hopes of playing an

this passage with a real-time punch-

never play on a keyboard in real time.

offending pan correctly in subse

in/puneh-niii editor, you must do so

(When you use step time, you enter

quent tries!

at sixteenth-note resolution. Howev

the value of editing MIDI files in step

er, because you may be unable to play

each note and its parameters individ

An alternative means of editing is to

ually, through the computer.) As you

manipulate the musical information

can see, viewing a MIDI system sim

011 disk using the computer. The com

rately, they may very well be affected

ply as a fancy tape recorder lor repro

ponents of each individual event can

by the quantizing necessary to cor

ducing music played in real lime vast

then be edited in step time instead of

rect the timing of the sixteenth notes.

ly under-utlUzcs its creative potential. Musical Information created on a

real

example, you could

On the other hand, a line step-time

change the pitch, volume, or duration

MIDI system is stored in a dala lile as

of one or more notes, or add

editor lets you quantize at the resolu tion of a quarter note, ensuring that

time.

For

new

the quarter noies completely accu

a scries of limed events. Your soft

notes to the sequence. This Ble-ori-

all

ware is responsible for associating ev

enied approach opens up editing and

length, Then you can access the MIDI

ery MIDI event with one of the 2-t

composing possibilities that have no

file and manually correct the timing

subdivisions of a quarter note pro

Counterpart in analog recording, and

of the sixteenth notes.

duced by the clock system. I sing the

is available in. Tor example, the Key-

MIDI ;tt this level might be called mi-

iniind Controlled Sequencer from Dr. T.'S Software. In this case, you can

Buying a MIDI System

crocomposing, distinguishing it from

real lime playing.

also

er your first MIDI system, the soft

'The

way

your

soil ware

accesses

achieve

the equivalent

punch-in/punch-oui

function

of a

these

notes are

of the proper

When you get ready to put togeth

ware will present the toughest deci

MID! tiles lor music creation and edit-

cording the new material as a sepa

sions. Assuming you're

ing will determine its musical orienta tion. For example, some software has

rate sequence, deleting the old male

the way a program handles editing,

rial from the original sequence, and

how can you tell if it will otherwise-

what is called "punch-in punch-out" capability, a term borrowed directly

Inserting the new material in its place.

suit your needs? Here are some spe

from analog recording, In such sys recorded

composing" capability allows you to create music from scratch directly

traek and replace a pan you don't like

from the computer keyboard, wiiln mi

to make them look about the same on

by "punching In" to the record mode.

using a synthesizer keyboard at all.

paper: actual performance varies con

re-recording the part in real time, and

This may be a very inefficient way to

siderably. For this reason, try to get

"punching out" when you're done. An

make conventional

some hands-on time using a program

tems, you can

MARQ I/APRIL 86

listen to a

Ultimately, a file-oriented "micro-

music, but

it's a

happy

with

cific suggestions: 1.

Hear

mind

thai

the

written

specifications of music programs tend

TECHNICAL TIPS with ;i complete MIDI system. 2. Study the manual before you buy software. A short, breezy manual may Initially be more tempting than a larg

er one with smaller print, bm the Instructions thai look so friendly ai firs! may prove Inadequate as your skills progress.

3. Don'i place too much faith in pre pared demonstrations. The strong and weak points of music software are hardly ever made clear in iliis way unless you already know what to look

software necessary to drive them. Fi

A large variety of

devices, like drum machines, keyboards

nally, the wide distribution oi gener

al-purpose personal computers guar antees their dominant role

in MIDI

systems for the foreseeable future.

How much should a basic MIDI sys tem COSt? It's very hard to be precise

and guitar

because this equipment is now in the

synthesizes can all

pricc explosion that has caused the

he MIDI compatible.

met. However, for an interface, soft

midst of the same capabittty-versus-

For.

price of computing power to plum ware, and synthesizer, you can expect

to pay about as much as you already

â&#x2013; i. Insist on a program that is self-

a reliable guide to hardware â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a situ

have invested in your computer, disk

contained on

drive, monitor, and printer.

There

ation familiar to personal computer

seems to be no technical Justification

single

disk.

users! There are two important ques-

for the practice Of dividing music pro

tions you will need to ask about any

cessing functions Into several pro grams tliai must be purchased sepa

keyboard synthesizer you're thinking

rately. There are several well written and reasonably priced MIDI (and

in a mono mode!'" If so, each of its

Commodore (>i and its SID chip has

channels may be programmed wilh a

attracted a lot of talented musicians

Commodore 64-SID) programs that

different sound, so you can have sev

and programmers

combine all required functions on a

eral

software. As a result, (>4 owners have

single program disk, i might make an

from the same device. This feature is

aeeess

exception lor a score-printing pro gram, as this is a highly specialized

especially desirable lor a onc-synthe

lor music composition, the best

sizcr system.

which give full-function music pro

of buying. The first is. "V ill ii operate

instrumental

sounds

coming

Commodore Owners Get All

the Breaks The

tremendous success of the

many

to writing music

non-MIDI

programs

function thai you will not normally need in the course of developing

have a velocity-sensing keyboard?" If

the three-voice SID chip.

MIDI music files.

so. you can generate volume changes

these

as you play, just as on a real piano.

(around S.W-S]U ). they are certainly a

Don't

be overly

impressed by

The second question is "Does it

cessing capability for the resources of

programs

are

Because

inexpensive

flashy graphics. Although professional

Velocity-sensing keyboards are gener

reasonable first step for anyone con

programmers may sneer at graphical

ally more expensive and the MIDI in

ly Straightforward menu-driven soli-

formation they send takes up more

sidering a MIDI system, even though they are not MIDI compatible,

ware, it's worth keeping in mind thai

computer memory. Some keyboards

good music programs are often writ

will respond to velocity Information

ten by an Individual who is a musician

when they're receiving MIDI informa

grams are now being developed that will produce music files compatible

first and :t programmer second. Such

tion, bur will not generate or send it.

wilh both the SID chip and an exter

programs may lie visually unexciting liui very well thought out and careful ly Implemented, Mini

standardization

eased

Buying a MIDI system is still not a

nal MIDI synthesizer. This means thai

painless tusk. The traditional retailers

you can get started on your 64 with

of electronic

no extra hardware, and progress to a

music hardware are

used to dealing with a relatively small

MIDI

many hardware compatibility prob lems so that your system can Include

market of studio and perfoming musi

software later.

a variety of devices from different

puters, computer users, or the kinds

Conclusions

manufacturers. However, within the

Ofproducts that have the mass-market

available mix of MIDI hardware and software, there are siill potential sys

potential of MIDI hardware and soft

I hope I haven't made getting start ed with MIDI seem too formidable a

ware. 1 have been told by some retail

task.

tem compatibility problems.

Your

ers thai they have no plans to sioek

from putting together your first com

software and hardware manuals will

MIDI software because it's too hard to

puter system. The process itself i.s cn-

help, hiu

demonstrate and cant be sold as prof

citing and a lot of fun. I'll be sharing

encounter.

itably as hardware. This is a situation

my own experiences with assembling

Unless you have a lot of confidence in

that is bound to change, but it's not

a MIDI system in a future article. Per

your

very helpful right now!

haps that will help il you're still a little

they can'l possibly cover

even" situation

own

has

Some Commodore <> i music pro

you

will

computer

and

musical

skills, you should insist thai all com

system

without

buying

new

cians. They are not yet used to com

The day of totally integrated MIDI

It's

hesitant

not

really

about

much

different

entering this new-

ponents of any system you consider

systems is nol yet here, so there is no

world on your own. As for the payoff,

be assembled and demonstrated to

current alternative to understanding

well, if you've ever gotten hooked on

your satisfaction.

the components of a modular system.

what you can do wilh your computer

My prediction is that MIDI synthesiz

and a word processor, |ust wait until

ers will continue to he purchased separately from the interlaces and

you see what a MIDI system will do

The

capabilities

synthesizers

vary greatly, and technology is chang ing so rapidly that price is not always

for music!

Qj COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

128 USERS ONLY

KOHliH'l ft

BASIC 7.0

BAKER

program line. The links are used only

for certain functions, however, such

This BASIC trans

Tokens for the Commodore 128

as searching for a specific program

lator tvill read a file

created by BASIC 4.0 and create a newfile

Xiic new Commodore 128 contains both 8sit2 and zhoa micro processors, although [he Z8()A proc essor is normally used only for CP/M.

The 8502 Is a close cousin i<> tin.- 6502

that can be used by

executed sequentially, the links are simply ignored. In 128 mode on the CI28. the two-byte link is the main

reason BASIC programs cannot nor mally exceed 64K in length. A larger link would be needed to allow bigger

BASIC 7.0 on the

programs,

lint

then

the

programs

would no longer he compatible with older Commodore systems.

Commodore 128.

Since each program line number is

and 65 10 processors used in previous

converted to a iwo-lnic hex number anil stored in d5()2 address format, as

Commodore systems, and supports the same Instruction set. it still uses a

line when doing a GOTO or GOSUB Command, When program lines are

i6-bit address, limiting its dlreci ad

byte. Program lines ate stored sequen

mentioned

dressing capabilities to :t 6iK range.

tially in memory with the link con

But the 128 extends iliis range, hecause the processor has access to two

space

taining die starting address of the next

numbers in a consistent format that is

memory "banks" iliai are each 64K in

this

condenses

internally and

keeps all line

Table I

si/e.

The

earlier,

most line numbers, which conserves

Commodore 128

built-in

machine-language

BASIC 7.( Single-Byte Tokens

monitor available in 128 mode allows

you 10 address eaeli of the hiK hanks by using a five-digit hex address for all functions. The high-order hex digit

automatically selects the appropriate memory hank, so you can think of it as one ContlgiOUS memory space. This

lets you forget aboui the bank switchIng most of the time, making it easy to deal with the larger address space. When you run BASIC in the 128 mode, the I28K of RAM memory is

divided Into 64K of program space and 64K of data space. As;i result, the BASIC PRE command now has a pa rameter to seleet program or data space so you can check how much of

each is available. The 64K of program space is also used by BASIC and the

graphics functions as working stor age, so you actually have less than

diK available.

When BASIC programs are stored in memory in 128 mode, they are Mil I

tokcnlzed and stored it) llic same for mal that has been used in all previous Commodore systems. Each program

line is siored as a two-hyte link, a twobyte program kenized

line

number,

the to-

program line, and a single

hue of zero that acts as an cnd-of-line flag. The- two-byte link and program line number are both stored in normal 6502 address format, with the low-or

der byte followed by the high-order 80

MARCH/APRIL '86

Decimal

Hex

Dec hnii I

Hex

BASIC

128

END

160

CLOSE GbT

BASIC

129

FOR

161 162

130

NEW

131

DATA

163

A3 Al

TAB) TO

132

INPUT*

161

133 134

85 86

INPUT

165

DIM

166

A(>

SHC{

135

READ

THEN

136

LET

168

NOT

137

GCTO

169

STEP

138

RUN

170

139

II7

171

140

172

141 142

173

RESTORE GOSUB RETURN

I"7-!

Ali

(up arrow)

143

REM

AND

144 145

175

STOP

ON '

176 177

146

WAIT

17H

147 148

LOAD

179

+ â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

SAVE

180

ISl

< SGN

VERIFY

181

INT

150

95 96

DEI1

182

ABS

151

POKE

183

CNR

152

HUNT*

181

ERE

153 154

185

POS

COM"

186

SC.JK

9B 9C

LIST

IH-

his

RND

156

Cl.R

188

LOG

157

CMD

189

EXP

158

SYS

190

COS

159

OPEN

191

SIN

149

155

128 USERS ONLY easy for BASIC to process. Since this is a two-byte value, it would normall]

limit program line numbers 10 65535 idiK). However, BASIC has an Inter nal limit tliai only allows program line

hex) are identical for all Commodore

They

systems, The Commodore 61 and some Other Commodore systems also

mands that are reserved

Include the 203 decimal [SCB hex) to

represent special

HASH'

com

for future

HAM disk functions that are not yet Implemented in the Commodore 128.

ken for the GO command. This allows

For now. these five commands are re

loading of most BASIC programs from

served keywords and Cannoi be used

When a program line is stored, each BASIC keyword is converted to a spe

oilier

us part of variable names. 'They are to-

loo many problems, but more about

keni/ed by

cial one- or two-byte value called a to

that

ponding

command

ken. All oilier variables, text strings, etc., arc stored exactly us they arc en tered, wiih one character per byte. Ta bles 1 through ill show the corres ponding token values tor each BASIC keyword In BASIC 7.5. Note that the

Shown In Table I are valid only tor BA

mented.

SIC 7.0 in the I 28 mode on the Com

mented command" (error #40) or an

modore 128.

unexplaloable syntax error, look for

the

Anyone who lias used BASIC IM on

arithmetic and comparison operators

value shown in the table, Likewise,

the older PET und CBM systems (or

urc considered keywords by BASIC and are lokcni/ed instead of being stored wiih their normal character

the tokens shown in

with something like the C61 LINK on

eode.

that table,

numbers up to 63999.

The token values shown in

Eater.

The

witlioiu

additional

tokens

Tlie two-byte tokens shown in 'Ta ble II each start with a value of 205 decimal (SCK hcx| followed by

Table 111 each

BASIC, you

get

but

the

corres

not

imple

"unimple-

one of these reserved keywords some where in the line in question.

start with a value of 254 decimal (SFE

the Commodore 64) is in lor a sur

hex) followed by ihe value shown in

prise. All of the disk commands from BASIC -i.O are now included in BASIC

The entries marked with asterisks

Table I

from 120 to 202 decimal (880 to SCA

Commodore systems

Table 111 deserve special mention.

7.0 on the Commodore I 2H. but there's a catch. The tokens used for each of these commands are different

Table I (continued)

in the two versions 0/ BASIC. 'Table IV

Commodore 128

compares the lokcns used for the vari

BASIC 7.0. jingle-Byte Tokens

ous disk commands in both versions

of BASIC. Note also thai some of the Bex

Decimal

Hex

192

TAN

224

CHAR

193

ATX

225

BOX

19-)

PEEK

226

CIRCLE

195

LEN STRS

227

153 E4

GSHAl'E

VAL

229

ASC

230

E5 E6

DRAW

198

199

CURS

231

COLOR

200

LEFTS

232

SCNCLR

201

RIGHTS

233

T-9

SCALE

202

MIDS

234

HELP

203

235

F.B

204

CB CC

RGR

236

LOOP

205

RCLR

237

KMT

206

(sceTubtell)

238

DIRECTORY

207

JOY

DSAYE

208

RDOT

239 240

DI.OAD

209

DEC HI-.XS

HEADER SCRATCH

The following BASK I tokens are

2il 242

210 211

D.3

F.RRS

byte being 206 decimal (SCE hex)

INSTR

COLLECT

212

243 244

E-i

COPY

213

ELSE

245

RENAME

and the second byte as shown in the table:

214

RESUME

BACKUP

Decimal

Hex

TRAP

246 247

215

DELETE

POT

216

IRON

248

RENl'MBER

DUMP

217

TROFF

249

K.KY

PEN

218

SOUND

250

MONITOR

RSPPOS

219

VOL

251

F9 FA FB

rsiNd

RSI'RITE

220

252

UNTIL

RSPCOLOR

221

AUTO PUDEF

253

WHILE

NOR

222

GRAPHIC

254

(sec Table

RWINDOW

223

PAINT

in)

POINTER

196 197 .

BASIC

tokens in BASK" 7.0 are now two-byte tokens, in addition to having different

Decimal

228

BASIC

SSI 1 APE

LOCATE

values.

These differences between

token

values pose a hidden problem lor pro grams

using

the

disk

commands

shown in fable IV. Identical programs entered from the keyboard on boili versions of BASIC will run correctly

011 the machine they were entered on. However, you cannot lake a program

thai was entered with BASIC 4.0, load il on a machine thai uses BASIC 7-0, Table [I Commodore 128 Two-Byte Tokens Starting with

206 Decimal (SCE hex) each two bytes long with the first

BASIC

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

128 USERS ONLY and expect it to run correctly if it uses

included here.-This BASIC translator

these commands. Bin because the to kens Mil! reprcseni valid commands under BASIC 7.0, unexpected things arc going to happen! To help alleviate potential problems

will read a program file on disk cre

will be displayed as the program pro

ated by BASIC 4.0 and create :i new

gresses,

file mi disk that can he used by BASIC

where it is. when the translator is fin

The current program line number to

give

you

some

it lea

7.0 on tbe Commodore 12K. It trans

ished, the new program file is ready to

lates all the BASIC i.O disk command

he loaded into the Commodore I2H in

caused by incompatible tokens, I've

tokens to the appropriate BASIC 7.0

12H mode and will list correctly.

written :i short utility program that's

tokens and changes the default load

Table m

Commodore 128

Two-Byte Tokens Starting With

2 54 Decimal {SEE hex) The following BASIC tokens are cadi two bytes long with the first

byte being 25) decimal (SFE hex) and the second byte as shown in

the Eablei Decimal

Hex BASIC

BANK

3 4

FILTER

PLAY

TEMPO

MOVSI'R

SPRITE

SPRCOLOR

RREG

ENVELOPE

I 1

SLEEP

CATALOG

13 [4 15

DOPEN

APPEND

!(>

DCLOSE BSAVK

BLOAD

RECORD

CONCAT

■

may

Sl'RSAV

23 24

COLLISION

BEGIN

BEND

WINDOW

lit

BOOT

WIDTH

SPRDEF

'30

QUIT

(reserved]

IE IF

STASH

{reserved]

•33

ll.icil (reserved)

SWAP

[reserved;

•36

OFF

(reserved)

VAST

SLOW

gram function properly. This program

your 1 2H and save it.

will not look for problem areas widi

After you save anil inn tbe transla tor utility and know it's working

7.0 and will not I'ix certnin screen-

properly, remove your disk (leaving

handling or graphics commands used

the translator in memory) and insert

in other Commodore systems. It only

the disk containing the appropriate

corrects differenees between the disk

Basic i.o program to be converted. when prompted for the input FI

command tokens so you can at least

LENAME, enter the lull name of the program to be converted exactly as it

stand a fair chance of properly run

appears in the disk directory. When you arc prompted for tbe OUTPUT FILENAME, enter the name you

may be required.

Watch out for die reserved key words, new special variables, and

want

file to

added parameters to older commands

Make sure that the two file names

when transferring programs io BASIC 7.0 in 128 mode on the Commodore

for the new

program

however,

make

the

properly list the program. You should

be created.

ning the program, but additional fixes

are different and the output file name

I2H. Be especially careful when edit

doesn't m.iteh anything that is alrcad]

ing existing program lines, since lines

on the disk. II' any problems are en

entered on another .system may be to

countered, an error message will he

kenized differently when edited on

displayed and the program will abort.

the Commodore 128. There art sev eral potential problem areas I'm still

When the appropriate files are prop

erly opened, the translator program will proceed to read (he Inpul file, convert the tokens, and write the up

investigating, hut more about that in a

dated lines with correct link addresses

future article. Editor's Note; The Token '/runs/iitor program will also convert BASIC4.0

in the new program file.

tokens on the I'his/i computer.

Table IV

with Equivalent Commodore 128 Tokens BASIC 1.0

BASIC 7.0 Decimal

Hex

CONCAT

20 t

25-i. 19

FE 1 3

DOPEN DCLOSE

205

254, 13

FE 0D

206

25-1, l=i

n; of

RECORD

207

254. IK

FE 12

HEADER

20K

241

BASIC

Decimal

He.\

COIXKCT

209

BACKUP

210

246

COPY

211

2-H

APPEND

212

254, 1-t

FEOE

DSAVE

213

1)5

214

actually reserved words that arc

DLOAD CATALOG

239 240

215

FEOC

tokenized by BASIC but repre

RENAME

216

25i, 12 245

sent currently tin implemented

SCRATCH

21"

242

commands.

DIRECTORY

2IH

238

MARCH'APRIL'86

pro

the various BASIC additions in BASIC

Comparison <>l BASIC 4.0 Disk Commands

The five starred commands are

modore 128 loud address. Type ii into

DCI.EAR

37 48

changes

quired,

DVER1FV

•35

Additional

address in the file to the default Com

l;()

F5 F2

4IHIIIIIDIGITPL

128 USERS ONLY

II COMPUTEREYESM ■

Hi-forr typing I his program, read "How to Enter Programs."

Token Translator

180 190

PRINT"[CLEAR]";SPC(12); "BASIC TRANSLATOR[DOWN2]" PRINT"THIS TOKENS

200

PROGRAM

CONVERTS

VIDEO IMAGES ON YOUR COMPUTER!

BASIC

FOR"

210

PRINT"BASIC 4.0 DISK COMMANDS TO THE CORRECT" PRINT"VALUES FOR THE C-128 BASIC

220

DIM

.iriy i[jri(j,*rc! viJru mxhip |viil«> :dpi'rttttf(fci. vkH-o turner

xnptfrf Under ympfc viJiwj'p comroJ. * t'w i FWisifcSrtoriCi Unique muin-w..Tnjm>de^ jIkjprovide

7.0[D0WN2]" TS(15):

(19):

T$(l)=CHR$(254)+CHRS

t. owMf'l manual Wid ctv y

TS(2)=CHRS(254)+CHR$(13)

230

TS<3)=CHR$(254)+CHR$(15)

240

TS(5)=CHRSf241): TS(6)=CHRS(243) : T$(7)=CHRS(246): T$ (8)=CHR$(244) TS(9)=CHRS{254)+CHR$(14)

250

: .260

TS(4)=CHRS(254)+CHRS(18)

TS (10)=CHRS(239):

T$(13)=CHRS{245):TS(14)=CHRS(242)

270

TS(15)=CHRS(238):

280

: OPEN 15,8,15 PRINT"[DOWN]INPUT :

INPUT

PRINT"(DOWN)OUTPUT

320 330 340

INPUT

500

PRINT"[DOWN]SCANNING PROGRAM FOR TOKENS TO CONVERT," PRINT"NOW AT LINE NUMBER [DOWNJ" GOSUB

470:

GOSUB

LA=7169:

470:

380

V=34

(V<204)

comes on oiek or topu uL tlii: pic ^ous price of 529.95 [pfus five ccnCa lor postage + handling}. It is not pubic domain or home-brew software, total

ing over 50 pages of aourcu codo. it was desnjned and tested as a package to toko cure of hII your data processing nueds.

450 PRINT

LN;

480:

THEN

(V>218)

THEN

V=34

V>0

THEN

;420

■430

LA=LA+LEN(LS)+3

THEN

LS = "":

360

■^, AND. OF, NQT, wiU cu'dj uruiny fKikl,

[>er!(>rrn COrnpt£dtITB nn mifTinric fields

Ally pfitfrmwn cun tit- pSTformM on nN, ur

txify smfected rucurila All tickls coni[jletpry

usKr-cJufjnuljId Can thi u:\ini Uir nny nunibtjr □ttfisks.jncludiiiiiQccouni.irsi. rnuilir>g lists,

360

inuEiriory control, romrrt. tJtpci, or hook

410

cataloging, expense account r'umtenance, or fls an rltictrornc rolodex Ore customer

Al=INT(LA/256)

writes:

Djitnimsfi, imd hiivinrseniLLD retrace n luVf-

dQzenoUjer'ti&tabiisti'tyfHifVYJtjrotrxillttxt t/BK\ Jrt^Nj.'JEvcn if you use your Commo dore lor noLfiifiQ flfefl, tJini |irn(]rjiru rilnre

470:

V+V1>0

THEN 350

PRINT GOTO

TAB(10);"<

DONE

GOSUB

480

GET#5,C$:

490

: IF CS<>"" RETURN

500

INPUT#15,EN,EM$,ET,ES

510

: IF EN=0 THEN RETURN PRINT"JDOWNJDISK ERROR[DOWN)" :

480:

Gone &ittflighty itncuaiai . . Provttesgn e/ceBsnt ofle™&ve to the htgh priced wortf processors . tins r> git exatfttnL buy Hhfy&} Qfy "Mrt fi Sotwae Sf Garette "Provufes ipod basic tenures." —

520

470

V1=V GOSUB

500:

THEN

V=0

. HepartGen, Report Merge (lJi«!3« murlucQ W/P witri DiiLabase to crentok>mlttter!i,!!UJtorrftTil!i,tivO(tu^r nuiit inn lobolst Qther roporl^ |,

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fi iHisotwjfi FsocjueJ: sev*irEil w/P iifihrifi incluiljuii 11 i'li -a [irnfo.es W/P's text fifes); is a v e rill CatabEise udhtiuu, including iXLnmrgn [fEioilitotos multnlile database applications ]. and DBS tot [iin^lyzes D/B

files]- ji progr^mminp utihtv. ASCII, which converts text dies [program listings] into

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PRINT#6,CHRS(0);CHRS(0); :

"I am especially /mprtismxS iwlii

mi(]ht iir.ufy its cpense

GOSUB

1V have come to consider these programs among the most valuable pieces of software I own."

record-length dato bago manner Scir-t or aeluct fiJiwiniillrniE^ujnHlnpcrntora1, j, >p

: A2=LA-(Al*256 PR INT#6,CURS(A2) ;CHRS(Al) ;L$;

CHR${0)J

I have seen and ntore Uian sdequatc tor nil except fancy presentations. The best thing is the ease of use . . "

DatnbDBa: A eunplute midci kc-ytid f\ncti-

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430

L$=LS+TS(V-203): GOTO 370 L$=L$+CHRS(V): GOSUB 480 :

520

Now for the goad part:

The InteJlignnt Software mteyratod home^business/educatronaf package

PRINT"[UPj";: L$=CHRS(V1)

GOSUB

460

GOTO

LN=V1+{256*V):

370

450

One disk. 25 business programs, S29-95

PRINT#6,CHR${1) ;

L$=L$+CHR$(V)

440

FILENAME"

6,8,6,"0:"+F2$+",P,W"

GOSUB

360

400 410

DIGITAL VrSIONJ

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.390

■ Apple a, l/+,tfeanaui

500

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350

$129.95

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5,8,5,"0:"+Fl$+",P,R"

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ONLY ^w ynuf dr.ifrr nr onrrr rTirrrt

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300

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END

Quality Software 5n_u latiy

Box A Dept. C-7 San Anselma, CA 94960 [415)457-6153

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

128 USERS ONLY

I1Y IRUIY A

Dual Screen

STURDIVANT

column screen, change line numbers

if you wish, and hit RETURN on all the lines. Mass merging.

for the Commodore

If you arc designing a

little rou

128 With 1902

tine—.specifically,

Monitor

you want to see a routine out of somc

one

that

fiis en

tirely on the screen when listed—and other program, you can list the rou tine you're

working on

the 80-

\Jw.\\ disk drives are ;i nice luxury.

column screen, then switch 10 the 40-

And

columu and load the second program

having a

second computer

nice, too, itui how many of you have

(you lose the first program from mem

considered tin.' benefit of having a sec

ory, but it is still on the 80-column

ond scrum, like the one available on

scrccn|. Now you can list the second

Commodore's

The

program on the 40-column screen and

monitor for the Commodore

look at it. If you want to use some

1902 128

\'X)2

monitor?

lias the ability to

run

an 80-

lines from the second program,

column text screen, and, with a flip oi the switch, go lo the 40-colunm screen with iis high-resolution capa bilities.

you

type NEW, Then you can change the line numbers if you wish and till RE TURN on them. Then .switch back to the 80-column

and.

by hitting RE-

I have a Commodore 191)2 monitor,

TUiRNs on the first program, put ii

hut 1 keep my l~02 monitor plugged

in and sitting right next to It. This way

back inio memory. You can also juggle two programs

1 tan sec both screens ;ii once, railier

ai once. 1 was cleaning up one of my

than having lo flip the Switch on the

lest disks and had two programs 1

t'j()2. All the techniques l am about to

wanted to keep, l loaded and listed

explain, however, can he used with the 1902 alone, The most obvious benefit of having two screens is that you can run text on an 80-colunin screen while showIng charts and high-resolution graph ics on a

iO-coltimn screen. Hut there

lire others, as well. For instance, if a portion of a Commodore

gram

you're

working

128 pro

40-

colunm has a GOSLH to somewhere, you don't have to lose your place in

the short program to the 80-C0kimn

Take advantage

screen,

switched

the

lO-column

screen and loaded the long one (hut

of the Commodore

didn't

have

LIST

it),

Then

HEADERed the disk, saved the big

128's ability to run

program, typed NIAV. switched to the 80-Column screen, hit RIHTIiNs on

both a 40- and 80-

the short program and saved ii.

column screen at

Tracing

the same time.

l;or the utmost

in program tracing,

you can see what your program is do

ing behind the scenes without bother

the routine you're working on just to see what ihe (iOSI'fi does. Instead,

switch lo the 80-C0lumn screen and

ing your main screen.

press the liSC (escape) key and the \

hit RETURNS on the old lines, bring

you might want to watch your math

key. Now your cursor is blinking on

ing them back to life.

laking place, or have your variables print out. Simply place a GRAPHIC

the 80-cnlumn screen

of the

1902

If you're programming a routine in

Tor example,

monitor. You list the subroutine, then

C128 mode, and you want to test it in

5,0 in (he program. This tells the cur

ESC X back lo the iK-column screen,

C64 motif, save it to disk, list it to the

sor to switch over to the 80-column

where your original routine remains

80-COlumn screen, GO64 and reload

1902 monitor.

unaffected.

sec

it. No need to make a hard copy print

program

out: while you arc running the pro

program lo

gram in i0-column, the listing re mains on the 80-COlumn screen for

color,

ready reference.

is time for your program to do some

another

without

This

way

portion

you the

can

disturbing the part

you're

working on.

Another irick is to list a routine on

the 80-C0lumn screen. Go hack to the

Screen merging is also a snap. On

Now you can print anything in the by

the

adding

screen,

and in

any

PRINT statements

such as :PRI\T"A equals "A:. When it thing

its

own

screen,

put

make changes ant! tests. This way you

program you want to merge. (You can

GRAPHIC o.o. This swaps the cursor back to the lO-eolumn screen. Each

still have a ready reference on the 80-

gel more on the SO-column screen he-

screen remembers where the cursor

COlumn screen to what the routine

cause you have twice the room and

was and what color il was.

originally

less wrap-around. I

■lO-column

screen,

was.

list

again and

something

isn't

the

80-column

screen,

you

list

the

Then use the 40-

working right as you make changes on

COlumn .screen to load the other pro

the -lO-columii screen, you can always

gram. Use ESC X to (jet to the 80-

MARCH/APRIL '86

While

the

tracing

being

per

formed you can pause the program to. Cotitlnueti mi /if;

126

THE MISSING LINK! From magazine...to diskette...to disk drive

Without LOADSTAR you are probably not getting the full benefit from the magazine that you are reading at this moment. Tell the truth now.... Have you typed in all the program listings? Of course not. Your time is worth much more than that. On the other hand, it is a shame to miss out on all the rich treasures that are available to you. The solution is LOADSTAR....

LOADSTAR is published monthly on a double-sided diskette. It contains the programs from Commodore's own magazines with lots more.... There are bonus programs, tutorials, articles, subscriber feedback, reviews, and music.

FOR

V/SA-

i^Wijjfc) CALL TOLL-FREE 1 (800) 831-2694

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to order by mail

$9.95 for trie current LOADSTAR disk companion lo Power Play

send lo-

S9.95 for the current LOADSTAR disk companion lo Commodore

LOADSTAR P.O. Box 30007 Shmveporl, LA

Microcomputers

$39.95 for trie next 6 issues ol LOADSTAR. $69.95 for the noxt 12 issues ol LOADSTAR.

71130-0007

ÂŁd<lrpss _

Slephen S. Leven, SeplJOct. Commodore Microcomputers.

CityState

page 32

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Zip. eipdl

These rales also apply to Canada and Mexico

Write (or ouorseas ratas

time before the full poten

tial of any new technology is real ized. Early civilization, for exam

ple, saw the wheel as a tool for grinding flour and hauling rocks. Only

centuries later was the technology of the wheel used to create automobiles. More recently, when television was

first introduced, its first programs were nothing more than radio shows

you could like Milton

see.

Radio

personalities

Berlc and Jack Benny

stood in front of a camera to do the same old thing they'd been doing on radio.

Only

later were

television's

unique capabilities exploited fully to bring us programs that are visually and aurally exciting. When

it comes to computers

educational

tools, some

educators

and software manufacturers are still in the Milton Berk/Jack Benny stage. Many educational software products

What is Discovery Learning?

Discovery learning is a distinct pro

are no more than electronic versions

cess that occurs whenever children

of the same old flash cards and work

are free to follow their own agenda:

books;

turning at

whenever the child's natural Interests

best, 1 would like to suggest that these

of the moment determine the focus of

electronic

page

are primitive uses for a very sophisti cated piece of technology that is uniquely suited for special applica tions that no other previous technol

ogy could

provide, and which we

have barely begun to investigate. Two educators who have been the

his or her attention. The learning that takes place in this way is incidental to the play, but, nevertheless, the fact is that children engaged in an activity

for mere pleasure also learn a wealth

of concepts. Block play is a good ex ample of this. Children love to make roads, build bridges, and stack towers. Yet, while they arc engaged in these

entertaining activities, they are also learning about

shape,

size, weight,

and balance, while at the same lime developing gross-motor skills and an aesthetic sense.

The same kind of discovery process occurs when a child uses LOCK). Al though ostensibly a programming lan guage,

LOGO

also

constitutes

"niicroworld" where children

can

"play." While they are playing, how

most vocal about the uniqueness of

ever,

the microcomputer as a learning tool

powerful ideas associated with geom

include Seymour Papcrt of the Massa

chusetts Institute of Technology and his colleague, Robert Lawlcr. Togeth

er they have done much to promote the "discovery' the

important

learning" experience

computer

provides for

children. They have done so most notably through the use of the

LOGO programming language, which

was designed by Papcrt

and his colleagues at MIT Specifically as a learning tool for children.

they arc also discovering the

etry. With the aid of an electronic "turtle," a screen cursor that can be controlled with simple commands,

children can

draw squares, triangles, circles,

or whatever they imagine. In order to do so, they

must navigate a world where

mathematical concepts abound. Concepts such as length, angle, and distance

are learned incidentally, as the child strives to create shapes with the friendly on-screen

turtle.

Discover}' learning is not a new concept. Jean Piaget, the noted Swiss

psychologist, has long told

us that

young children develop Intellectually

tween this method of improving read

Creating Computer

ing skills and the typical drill method.

First, the child's motivation came

Microworlds

from her own interest in playing an

Microworlds like LOGO,

the

exciting game—not from a desire to

in a unique way, and has often used

broadest sense, allow children to en

please someone else. Second, the soft

the term "constructivism" to describe

ter a world of complex concepts at

ware gave her control

this development. His theory is that

the simplest level possible. Once in

world—she

children construct their own cogni

side the microworld, the child is free

Beachworld every time she played.

tive intelligence or knowledge, based

to discover the concepts implanted

Much

could blocks

open-ended

D'iscovery learning

is a distinct process

maintain

build

the

and

over the a

different

sand,

experiences motivation

such

tend to

learn.

Third, her learning of words was inci dental to discovering all about Beachworld. In other words, rather than drilling

the child to death, and thereby teach

that occurs when

ing her that learning cannot be fun, this software capitalized on her natu

children are free to

ral tendencies to explore the world,

pursue their own agenda—when their natural interests are engaged.

to help her discover important con cepts "on her own." Many

different

kinds of simple

microworlds can be programmed to provide playgrounds for mental de

velopment. In fact, children can be encouraged to perform mental gymnasties around any concept a parent or teacher chooses to imbed in these

on their experiences of the world.

there in their own way, at their own

game-like

While exploring the world, children

pace.

any concept—from the complexities

make hypotheses (best guesses) about

microworld

how things work and how events pro ceed. Further exploration leads to the

endless possibilities

confirmation

rejection

these

best guesses.

This

broad

definition

allows

us to for

of a

envision

can be modeled or simulated in a microworld.

of learning a

Even more exciting has been the

guess a child makes about his or her

extension of the "microworld"' con

world as if it were a brick. As the child

cept into specialized applications that

collects bricks (makes and confirms

suit the needs and interests of specific

hypotheses) faulty bricks (incorrect

children. For example, using LOGO

guesses) are discarded, good bricks

and sprites (user-definable graphics),

(correct guesses) are retained, and

Lawler designed a simple microworld

the wall of intelligence or knowledge-

for his three year-old daughter. The

is slowly formed. Sometimes the dis

microworld was called Bcachworld

cover)' of a particular concept may

because it depicted a beach scene.

cause major restructuring of the wall:

complete with sky, water, and sand, It

Piaget called this accommodation. At

contained 20 graphic objects that

other limes, it is only necessary to

could be activated by typing in the

Through this process, the child

name of the object (sun, bird, truck) from four-by-six notecards.

daughter was

also

able

Lawlcr's

control

builds a cognitive understanding of

speed

the world around him or her, hiyer

commands

upon layer, brick hy brick. Although

TURN, SLOW,

this theory does not explain how chil

HALT, Because she had to use words

dren learn the

to control

names of the presi

and direction UP,

typing the

DOWN,

FAST,

her

MOVK,

FASTER,

rnieroworld,

and she

dents of the United States, it does ac

learned to read the names of the 20

count for how they come to under

objects in only three months (having

stand complex concepts such as cau

started with knowledge of only a few

sality, number, volume, mass, weight,

letters). There are several differences be

and the like. 68

MARCWAPRIL '86

There are several reasons micro-

not inconsequential. It is, in fact, the most significant kind

called ibis assimilation.

play for the fun of it. The learning that

child can be exposed to.

parts of the wall; Piuget

the simplicity

conccpt-ricli worlds where children

or less as the process of collecting

rearrange

virtually

"things that go inside or outside"—

tual development can be seen more

confirmed hypotheses. Think of each

of geometry

because

developing

takes place may be incidental, but it is

From Plaget's perspective, intellec

worlds,

"Hmadway." created by [he juthnr u>ing

LOGO, helps young children discover tlic

names of different modes of transportation,

T urned loose in a computer

microworld, young children can learn complex concepts while they "play,"

requirements;

most

ver

and sister (ages seven and eight).

worlds work well. First, when chil

single-key

dren work with microworlds. they arc

sions of LOGO contain a file called

How much time will this take? As

in control of much of the experienceâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;

"Instant" on the utilities disk. Three-

with any computer application, from

the

micro-

by-five cue cards can also be used, or

mastering a video game to learning

world, the more control it provides

the keyboard can be covered with an

word

the child. I-iwler's daughter, for in stance, was in control of what objects

overlay that highlights the few keys

gramming will require an initial in

necessary for software manipulation.

vestment of time. However, after you

more sophisticated

the

processing,

microworld

pro

All of these factors make computer

have programmed your first one. you

microworlds an effective way to give

will he able to make others in less

children access to "discovery" learn

time. Above all. the most time-con

ing." Perhaps one final positive aspect

suming part of the project will very

of microworlds should now he men

likely be in learning to use the sprite

tioned: They can be designed and

editor

programmed by the average parent

(imagine a

using LOGO on a Commodore 641

where you fill in squares to make de

and

defining

sprite

shapes

piece of graph paper

signs). Again, if your household con

"Utah" is :l i.ocjO mlcraworld created by the

low You Can Greate Microworlds

author to help iii> preschoolers learn animal names while Ehcy play.

complete with everything you need

First, the Commodore 64 comes in terms of hardware (sufficient mem

While children are

Splaying" in the LOGO programming

environment they are also discovering

tains curious older siblings or a will ing spouse, put them to work. Family projects are often the most exciting

of all. Now, with those questions aside, we can look at one way to go about

ory, sprites, good color and sound ) to

the construction of simplified micro-

create your own microworlds. Next,

worlds (it will take a little more time

you'll need Commodore's LOGO for

to progress to ones as complex as that

the 04. which was created by Terra

Of Lawler) using a Commodore 64,1541

pin, (he leading LOGO developer in

disk drive, color television/monitor,

the U.S. With these materials, you are

and Commodore's LOGO. The steps

all set to open new worlds of discov

that follow arc general and intended

ery for your child. However, before I

only to get you started. Embellish

suggest some steps for the construc

ments and improvements will be up to

tion of microworlds. let me answer a

you.

couple of questions that might have

First of all, you need to read and

important ideas in geometry,

come to your mind.

work through the documentation that

Can I do this all by myself? Yes! The documentation that comes with

comes with LOGO. This will give you

LOGO is well written and contains

what sprites are, how to define them,

an overview of how LOGO works,

appeared in Beachworld, when they

demonstrations and examples to help

and so forth. This may seem like quite

appeared, how fast they went, and in what direction. A child drawing with

in your quest for understanding. Fur

an undertaking in itself, but 1 assure

thermore. Terrapin has not left you to

you it will help you avoid many a

LOGO can program the turtle to draw

start from the ground up. 'Hie utilities

pitfall.

nearly anything he or she can imag ine. This sense of control is an impor tant part of the learning process. Microworlds are also responsive to

the child's previous experience and accumulated knowledge. Papert and Lawler both think this kind of learn ing is extremely Important because it makes

the experience personally

meaningful to the child. For example. if a child is trying lo draw a triangle with the LOGO turtle and makes a

mistake, the child can literally walk through the activity required of the turtle. Thus, knowledge of his or her own body and movement through

MI icroworlds can

be designed and programmed by the average parent using LOGO on the Commodore 64.

space can he applied to the problem

disk for LOGO contains

at hand, which solidities their under

support

standing of what is really a problem in

You won't be alone either. Other fam ily members, especially older siblings,

geometry.

programs

and

numerous

procedures.

Second, pick

theme

for your

microworld. 1 have developed micro-

worlds that

teach

simple concepts

like inside/outside and variations of the type Lawler developed for his

Finally, microworlds are great for preschool children because keyboard

will be interested in your exciting project. Some of little Peggy Lawless

daughter.

requirements

microworlds were

developed and

(two to five) enjoy two microworlds

her older brother

Continuedonpg, II"

can

minimized.

LOGO has already been simplified to

programmed by

Currently,

children

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

Sophisticated Graphics for the Amiga An exclusivefirst look at one of the most exciting graphi

packages yet createdfor a personal computerâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;thefirs in a group ofgraphics programs from Electronic Arts promises to change the way you think aboutyour Amig Reviewed by Louis R. Wallace DeluxePaint from Electronic Arts has been called ttie

the area even more.

best paint system ever created (or a personal computer,

DeluxePaint uses the mouse to control the brushes in

Without reservation, I agree. This package lets you harness

painting and drawing, and also to select options from the

the power of ttie Amiga's graphics with ease, yet doesn't

control panel and menus. The control panel is on the left

sacrifice any of the sophistication you've come to expect

side of the screen. It is here you select drawing tools like

from that computer. DeluxePaint lets you create graphics

line, polygon or airbrush. You can also turn on the symme

as if you were using paint, but adds many features that are

try option, choose a color, clear the screen or undo a

possible only because you are doing that "painting" on an

change you no longer want.

Amiga. Trie package contains all the features you've come to

At the top of the screen is the title strip. When you move your mouse pointer here and click the right mouse button,

expect in a graphics system, such as dots, lines, boxes and

several pop-down menus appear. These menus have addi

circles. But it goes beyond these elementary functions,

tional options such as color palette selection and cycle

adding many special tools such as ellipses, rectangles and

color control, loading and saving of pictures and brushes,

polygons, curved lines, airbrush and flood fills. It allows

brush manipulations, such as sizing and rotation, printing

from 16 to 32 colors on-screen at one time, depending on

your picture and many other (unctions

the resolution you are using, and you can choose your

Since the quality of your picture depends to a large

palette from any of the 4096 colors the Amiga can gener

extent on the brush you are using, let's take a good look at

ate. In addition, DeluxePaint lets you create pseudo-ani

the options available for brushes. There are ten built-in

mation using a "cycle color" option that, by cycling through

brushes for immediate use. They are at the top of the

a range of colors, generates the illusion of motion.

control panel, and consist of dots, circles and squares in

You can use any of DeluxePainfs ten built-in brushes, or

various sizes. You can select them by pointing with the

you can design your own. Self-designed brushes can be

mouse and clicking the left button. You can then use that

any size, any shape and up to 32 colors. And, of course,

shape for drawing in whatever color you wish to use.

you can use any of the Amiga's text fonts in your pictures. The program allows many special effects, too, such as

If you select the brush using the right mouse button you can stretch or shrink it as much

"symmetry." This allows you to mirror your every action in

as you desire, so you have complete

up to 40 different directions, which means you can create

control over the size of your

very complex patterns in secondsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;patterns that would be

brush. Not only that, but

almost impossible to do by hand. You can magnify any

anything can be used as

area of the screen in order to do fine detail work. And, if the

a brush. On the cont

magnify feature isn't enough, you can use zoom to enlarge

panel is an option/

MARCH/APRIL '86

The "cycle color" option lets you create pseudoanimation.

the rectangle,

mouse button again and ou have captured it as a brush. Now, as you move the mouse around the reen, your new brush will follow, and you

can use it to draw or paint, or even use it as a stamp to make one or more copies. And it is portant to remember that all the colors that were in the "brush" when you captured it are still there, you could easily draw with up to 32 colors at once.

This new brush can be re-sized using the "size" sub menu. Here you can stretch the brush, double or halve its

'the brush lion tool. When you

size, or even double it selectively in the horizontal or vertical directions.

choose this you are given

Since the brush you create can be as large as the

set of lines that

screen, this allows you to duplicate whole pictures, and

as a fullscreen

reduce them to a fraction of their original size. You can also

crosshair You pick the

select a small part of the screen and enlarge it to whatever

of the screen you want to

size you need.

the crosshair to the upper left

You can access even more options for adjusting the

of the area and clicking the left button once. By moving the

shape of the brushes. For instance, certain options will nip

mouse you can then surround the area with a rectangle.

a brushâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;so it ends up either backwards or upsidedown. Or

loving

Once you have the object you wish to use as a brush 72

MARCH/APRIL'86

you can rotate the brush to any angle from 0 to 360

The 640-by-400-pixel 'Interlaced mode" gives you very precise resolution . . suitable for professional' ' drawings.

use the RGB slider controls to "mix" any paint color you

wish. And if there is a particular range of colors you want, all you have degrees! There is also a feature called "shear," which anchors the top of the brush image, holding it still, while

you are free to move ttie bottom from left to right. This can provide very striking visual effects.

Because you can save brushes to disk, you can build o

to do is select what the first and last colors in the range should be. DeluxePaint will automatically create the proper shades in between.

Not only can you use any of 4096 colors, but you can create pseudo-animation by using the "cycle color" option. This allows you to determine o range of colors, (and cycle

library of shapes and Images to be used later as paint

through that range) at a given speed. By carefully planning

brushes, or even as components for creating whole pic

your picture, you can use this option to give motion to your

tures. In fact, there are several brush libraries already on

art. For example, the "Waterfall" demo included with the

the disk to get you started. One set is made of Christmas

package uses this option to create the illusion that the

objects; two others contain everything you need to create

water is flowing.

castles, moats, dragons and wizards.

DeluxePaint has many other drawing and painting tools,

Additional brush commands let you do things that you

as well. If you choose to draw freehand, you con use either

would have thought only real paint would allow, The first is

continuous freehand (no breaks in the line) or dotted

"smear," which has the same effect as smudging wet paint

freehand (the space between dots depends on how fast

with your finger, smearing the image and allowing the paint

you draw). You can use the "aiibrash" option to draw with

to mix together. "Blend" and "shade" operate within a

a paint spray, adjusting the nozzle width from a wide spray

range of colors determined by you. Blending creates an

down to a narrow one. Airbrush is particularly effective

average color, based upon what's already there. "Shade"

when you are using the "blend" and "shade" brush op

lets you lighten or darken the colors under the brush,

tions.

depending upon which mouse button you are pressing at

To draw a straight line just choose the "straight line" tool

the time, These options smooth the contrasts between

and put the mouse pointer where the line is to start. Then

colors, creating very "painterly" effects.

drag the line (with the button depressed) to where it is to

As I mentioned, you can use from 16 to 32 colors on

end, and release the button. The line will then be drawn. If

one screen (depending on the resolution mode you are in)

you have need of a curved line DeluxePaint is ready to

out of a total of 4096 different colors. To create a custom

help. Select "curved line" and make a line from two end-

color, choose trie "color palette" option from the title strip.

points as before. Then move the mouse; the line will curve

Indicate which one of the color cells you want to modify,

In response to the position of the mouse pointer. When the COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

line is distorted sufficiently, press ttie left mouse

button and me curved line will become permanent. Another special effect

can be created by holding down the CTRL key as you draw lines, to leave a series of frails. The program's "shape" tools include rectangles, circles,

ellipses and polygons. They can be either open or filled with color. To fill an enclosed area with color a "fill" tool is

direction. You can also pick where on the screen the

symmetry center will be. This lets you create symmetrical images anywhere on the screenâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;not just in the center. Another important feature of DeluxePaint is the "grid"

supplied. Choose the color you want, and use this tool to

option, which puts an evenly spaced grid of lines on

quickly flood-fill an area of any size and shape. You can

screen. In "grid" mode, the various tools (except the

also fill an area with any pattern.

continuous freehand drawing) must start and end at grid

But don't worry if you make a mistake. If you decide the

intersections. This allows you to do more precise forms of

last change was not what you wanted, point to the "undo"

drawing, such as drafting. And you can change the grid

box and click the mouse. Presto! The previous image Is

spacing for extremely precise needs.

restored. Or you can erase and start over with ttie CLR option.

DeluxePaint supports three different graphics resolu tions. The first is 320 by 200 pixels with 32 colors possible

The "text" tool lets you put text on the screen, choosing

on any one screen. This Is the most common resolution,

from seven different fonts on the disk, four of them in two

and was used to create the pictures you see here. Next is

sizes. Pick the font you wish from the title strip menu and

640 by 200 pixels, using 16 colors. This gives a sharper

then point to where you want ttie text to begin and click the

imageâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;twice the resolution of the first mode, but does

mouse. You can then begin typing in whatever color you

limit you to only 16 colors at a time. The third mode is 640

are currently using. To change fonts just use the mouse to

by 400 pixels, using 16 colors. This is the "interlaced"

indicate which one you need.

mode supported by the Amiga. It gives you four times the

The "symmetry" tool allows you to produce intricate

resolution of the 32-color mode, and is best suited for

patterns, using whatever drawing or shape tool you want.

professional drawings. The two high-res modes, however,

You can choose from one to forty symmetry points, which

require an Amiga expanded to 512K.

are the number of mirror images that will be drawn.

Besides being limited to 16 colors, the higher resolutions

You can also select the "mirror" or "cyclic" symmetry

also have some other limitations. For example, in 320-by-

options. Mirror causes each line or dot to be drawn in

200 mode you can have two complete screens in memory

opposite directions around each symmetry point, while

at once. This allows you to switch from one to another,

cyclic symmetry causes each line to go in the same

perhaps using one as a source of special brushes or some

MARCH/APRIL '86

intCDEMO)

Col or

Self-designed "brushes" can be any size, any shape and up to 32 colors.

)Paint(DEM(

*â&#x2013; =ÂŁ other type of template, as a scratchpad, or for making

pattern fills. You do not hove this extra screen when in the higher resolution modes. You are also limited in the size the brush can be in these upper graphics modes. The reason is simple. These very high-resolution screens require a great deal more memory than the low-resolution screens.

It you have a printer hooked to your Amiga, it is very' easy to get a harticopy of your pictures. DeluxePaint uses

the same printer drivers as the normal Workbench disk, so a large number of black and white dot matrix printers can

be able

be used. It also supports color and laser printers too, so it is

to access graphics of

possible to get very high quality reproductions of your work.

this power. If you

It is also possible to use the keyboard instead of the

professional artist or

mouse/menu/icon system to activate many of the functions

graphics designer you"

of DeluxePaint. Once you have the keyboard commands

would be well advised

committed to memory, you can use them to save time in

to look at DeluxePaint.

performing certain functions.

If you have need of presentation-

I am extremely pleased with DeluxePaint, and believe it

quality graphics or just want to have fun painting pictures

Is without doubt an exceptional buy at $79.95. Until now,

on the Amiga, this system is for you. I can highly recom

you would have had to poy many thousands of dollars to

mend it.

a COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

A Word Processor for the Amiga Textcraft succeeds in making word processing as simple as possible, yet still offers very professional capabilities. Reviewed by Louis R. Wallace and Sharon A. Key

natural or intuitive than using scissors to cut it out? Text

More than any thing else, microcomputers are used as

word processors. So it's no wonder that one of the first

craft uses just such an icon, a small scissors that you use

productivity programs for the Amiga Is just such a product.

to indicate what area of the document is to be cut. If you

It is called Textcraft, and is available from Commodore

want to paste it somewhere else instead of deleting it, you

Amiga dealers.

would then, of course, choose the camera icon to take a picture of the area, then the glue bottle icon to paste it.

Experienced word processor users will find Textcraft different from those They are used to waiting with. And,

Virtually every aspect of word processing within Textcraft

people new to word processing will find it very easy to use

Is controlled by icons or the accompanying menus. You use

and quick to leam. This is because Textcraft is an icon-

icons to set your line spacing and to justify all or part of

based program that is best controlled by using the Amiga

your document. You use them to center text, to copy text

mouse.

and even to set your margins.

Icons are pictures that are used to convey ideas. In the

Textcraft has a ruler (seventy-five characters wide) at

cose of Textcraft, these pictures represent the various

the top of the screen, with two little red markers that

activities that word processors perform—activities like cut-

Indicate where the left and right margins are. To change

and-paste, formatting text, line spacing, block copying,

them you move the mouse pointer (it looks like a pencil) to

block deleting, and so on. For example, if you wish to

the margin Indicator you wish to change. When you reach

delete a section of a document, what could be more

the ruler your pencil becomes a hand that grabs the red

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II you tlnd using Ihe mouse lo tie a little slow, use one of Textcratfs many

be cute, but limited because of the icons. The fact is that

help screens to learn how to give commands directly from ttie keyboard.

not only is it easy to learn, it is also remarkably advanced,

especially for a program that is billed as an entry-level word processor.

Word processing is popular because it makes writing easier, while at the same time allowing you to do complex types of composition. Textcraft succeeds in making word processing as simple os possible, yet still offers very pro

fessional capabilities. In fact, some of its features com Keys (witli SHIFT key novs cui'soi1 lo

F3 : Hertoapt! Reference

■■ Ft"-!1 Minute mcopjals

pletely outshine programs costing several times as much.

III = Deletes to the

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= Siioi't Cuts

Texicratfs "Quick Reminder" help screen lets you brush up on the mean

. .ALT = Accents"

ing ol each of the program's icons.

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marker and pulls it in the direction you desire. Letting go of

the mouse button leaves the marker at its new position, and the new margin is set. It is quick and easy (like most of Textcraffs controls) and fakes effect immediately.

Other functions are accessed by using the mouse icon to touch one of the five small menu windows at the top of the screen. Pressing one of the mouse buttons causes a popIhe Ahgrtuent fipush is far

down menu to appear, which offers various options like text

[be lext forHat.

styles (bold, italic, underline, superscript and subscript),

ui;:i!yie Bwisfi :is foi

i | changing type styles,

page size, screen layout or even searching and replacing text.

Perhaps you are wondering just how effective a word

One of the features that distinguishes Textcraft from

processor can be that relies so heavily on icons instead of

others is the built-in document formats. You can choose

the keyboard? After all, word processing is basically a

from six different document types, such as term paper,

typing function, one that requires you to use the keyboard

business letter, technical report or resume. You are then

to enter text. Don't these icons gel in the way of "serious"

asked for information to be entered into the document.

word processing?

Depending on the document, this could be as little as your

The answer is no, and we are admittedly surprised. Both

name and address, or as much as your employment or

of us are used to the more traditional kinds of word

educational history. This information is then entered in your

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Set up your page layout using Textctatfs Loyoul screen.

time. And if you don't already know what the proper format should be you will find Textcraft more than just a rime saver. It becomes a skilled personal secretary. 1 think many people will find this feature alone worth Textcraffs price. As

a result, if your printer is good enough, you may find that expensive resume services are a thing of the past. Textcraft has other features That add to its user friendli

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clicking the right button you are offered three different types of help. Using the built-in document formats In Textcrott, you fill in Information lor standard documents like resumes, term papers or business letters. The

simply clicking the mouse.

program then formats the document properly, using the Information you

The next form of help Is the Keyboard Reference, which

have supplied.

is a highly accurate picture of the Amiga keyboard, showing which keys have special functions in Textcraft. Almost Letter , Sender

every function can be accessed from the keyboard without

Recipient

Address: ®Hp OHi»s OHs ODr ®Hi» OMrs OHs

using the mouse. So those users who, for one reason or

First Kane:

another, do not wish to use the mouse can rely instead on

Ust (lane:

the keyboard.

In fact, we think the most efficient use of Textcraft is achieved by combining mouse and keyboard functions. The Typist's Initials:

mouse lets you get to work immediately, but once you

Carbon Copy: Enclosure:

have gained some experience with the system you will find

©Full-block OSeni-block OYss

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the keyboard commands are faster than the icon/menu approach. The keyboard controls fine tune the word proces

The first is called Quick Reminder, and by choosing it

sor's power, so you can move from page to page, screen

you are instantly transferee! to a screen that shows all the

to screen or top to bottom by simply pressing a key. Just as

icons available on the work screen. Each has a brief

the Amiga can be controlled without ever touching the

description of its function, just in case you're not sure of

mouse, so can Textcraft. But you will probably want to use

what it is. You can then quickly return to your document by

the mouse, too!

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The third built-in help is called One-Minute Tutorials.

joumols which were mentioned on that page. They should

These are short text and animation sequences that demon

not be confused with looters (or headers) which enter the

strate the functions of Textcraft. When you choose this

title of the document and the page number on each page,

option, you are transfered to a menu of over twenty differ

and are supported by Textcraft.) Spelling programs have

ent tutorials that cover almost everything concerning the

become valuable aids in word processing, and it seems

program. The tutorials include animated demonstrations

veiy likely that one compatible with Textcraft will eventually

that explain how to edit your document and how to change

be marketed. With those two exceptions, the program is

type styles. They will help you determine the best layout for

quite complete.

your document, show you how to search and replace text,

A lew pnges of sample lext pre-stored on [tie Textcralt disk let you see now formatted text looks.

or set up the screen display. And when it comes to creating, opening, saving or printing your document, you

can turn to these tutorial "films" for information and guid ance. You will never need to get up and look for the misplaced manual again.

Ha Foi' Hsus" Fil» - Tuytni'aft

(with Kiefcstsft 1.9, Hoi>kbencli 1.8)

The Textcraft disk contains versions for both 256K and

Congratulations! Vou are one of [lie vei*y first cwners of ilie Anija Personal Conpmei> and- .. llf1". He at Aniga have nade 3 sincere

512K or larger Amiga systems. The disk is not copy

to support and Maintain all of our

protected, so you can make a backup (and are urged to do

p:. Textcraft is no .exception. Asis often tlie c5se..Mith software pi>osi>3iis, users will--.:

so in the manual) using the AmigaDOS command disk-

suggest iMpi'oveiients to Textersft,

He wi-tT-Jw

issuing new pleases of Textsraft which nay iclude your iHpi'ovenents oi1 511336stions-. (Use the "3" key on the keypad to page thru this

copy. This means you should have no problem transfering

file.)

it to a hard drive.

I used the 512K version for this review, and found it capable of holding a large number of pages in memory.

Using block copy to create a large document from a small

To summarize, Textcraft is a well designed word pro

one, I was able to get 135 pages in memory at one time.

cessing package that takes advantage of the Amiga's

That's more than enough for most uses, but for those who

graphics and large memory. It is suitable for beginners and

write larger documents (like books or dissertations) you

experienced word processor users alike, and its friendly

can break the document up into several (smaller) files on

format allows you to quickly begin working. It contains very

disk. Since the Amiga can store up to 880K (880,000

extensive built-in documentation with animation se

characters) on a single disk, you don't have to shuffle disks

quences that demonstrate how to use the program. And it

around, as you do on other systems.

comes with many ready-to-use formats that will simplify

The only "standard" features missing from the package

the creation of professional looking documents, tf you have

are footnoting capabilities and a spelling checker. (Foot

need of a word processing system on your Amiga we think

notes are usually references to authors' names, books or

Textcraft is well worth looking at.

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HOW TO A HIGHER \ THE COMMODORE 128. The first step is buying the Commodore 128"" Personal Com puter. The smartest computer

available for the price. It's like gelting three computers for less than one usually costs, because the

128 operates in three separate modes. You can run sophisticated

CP/M51 business software and the new programs written for the 128.

Plus over 3,000 Commodore 64® programs. You start out with more software and real life uses than most machines give you after years on the market.

THE COMMODORE 128

WORKS FASTER.

To run all that software and run it faster, you'll want the 1571 Disk

Drive. You can't find a faster drive at the price. It transfers nearly

1,000 words a second (5200 cps), so you can load most programs instantly. And you'll save space as well as time because the 1571

holds up to 410K of data, the equi

valent of 200 typewritten pages.

®CP/Mlsa regisiered Irademarir of Digital Research, inc

MARCH/APRIL '86

THE COMMODORE 128

GETS SMARTER. Now try improving your memory. Plug in our 1750 RAM Expansion Module and your 128 moves up

to a powerful 512K. That's enough to handle just about anything you can dish out, from complicated business forecasting to giant data bases. In fact our expansion mod ule will be the only memory you'll

need for many years to come.

EVOLVE

NTEUIGENCE. THE COMMODORE 128 LEARNS TO COMMUNICATE.

THE COMMODORE 128 LEARNS TO WRITE.

There's no reol intelligence without the ability lo communicate. So you'll want our 1670 Modern/1200. Just plug in your telephone jack and the modern automatically answers, dials and selects the

Looking good in print could be your next move with Ihe MPS 1000 Printer. It's a new dot matrix

THE COMMODORE 128

IMPROVES YOUR VISION. Brains aren't enough without good looks, so improve your vision with Commodore's new 1902 RGB Color

printer designed lo make the most of the 128's high-resolution graph

Monitor. The high-resolution

ics because sometimes pictures speak louder than words. But it's

and better color than your stand

screen gives you a sharper image

touch with a new world of shop ping, banking, communications and information over your tele phone line. And it operates at a

The MPS turns out about 1200

ard TV, so you can really appre ciate the 128'5 great graphics. And Ihe 80-column display lets you

words a minute (100 cps) of draftquality printing, or gives you near-

while you're doing it.

lightning-fast 1200 baud to save on your telephone bill.

240 words a minute (20 cpsJ.And

appropriate mode. It puts you in

no slouch when it comes to words.

see more of what you're doing

letter-quality printing at nearly you can choose printing styles, use international characters, even make up your own symbols.

All these evolutionary steps ahead won't set you bock when it comes

to paying for them. Additions to your Commodore 128 are

availoble at a slore near you and are as affordable as the 128 ilself. we think that's a smart way lo help you build a computer system.

COMMODORE 128=: PERSONAL COMPUTER A Higher Intelligence

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

AMIGA UPDATE

BYJ1MGRAC:KL.Y, TECHNICAL EDITOR

Amiga CLI

Guide A brief guide to the most commonly used AmigaDOS commands. An addition to Workbench, the Amiga has ;t BCCOfld user interface called the Command Line Interpreter (CLI). This interface allows more direct access to many of the features Of AmlgflDOS and is similar to CIVM® and

and run a program in it. 1 sing RUN to start AmigaBASIC,

UNIX11 in many ways. To use the CLI you type in com

for example, will allow you to pull the BASIC screen

mands, and when you press RETURN, they arc passed to

down and go back to use CI.I commands.

AmigaDOS.

RUN ami gab as ic

The Amiga is shipped with the Workbench interface enabled and the CLI disabled. In order to use the CLI, it

Create CU 2> and run Amiga BASIC in it.

must first be enabled from Preferences (see Chapter 7 of

Disk and System Commands

Introduction to Amiga"). Once it is enabled, you can select the CLI icon in the System drawer of Workbench,

and DISKCOPY, FORMAT, INSTALL and RELABEL DISK-

Tour commonly used disk commands in AmigaDOS

The AmigaDOS Manual, published by Bantam Hooks

COPY is similar to a backup command; everything on

and available from your Amiga dealer or your local bookstore, provides a complete description of all the

one disk is copied on the other. There is no need to format the destination disk and anything on it will be

commands available in the CLI. In this article we will

overwritten. FORMAT is used to format and initialize a

new disk. This must be done before files can be saved to

briefly dcscrilx- the most common commands.

a disk, [fa disk has already been formatted and you re-

Devices

formal il, all data on the disk will he destroyed. INSTALL

The CLI assigns each input and output device a name.

puts the routines to create a bootable disk onto a for

These names allow you to specify exactly where data is coming from and going to. The use of names eliminates

matted disk. RELABEL is used to change the name of a

the need for the device numbers used in

DISKCOPY dfO: TO dffl:

ihe other

Commodore computers. l:ach name consists of three

characters plus a colon. The colon is required ai all times. The most often used devices are:

dfl);—Drive 0. This is the drive built into Ihe Amiga,

dfl:—Drive 1. This is the first 3-1/2 inch external drive.

ram:—RAM. You can u.se "ram:" just as you use the drives.

prl:—This is the current printer, as selected in Preferences.

formatted disk. One drive system.

DISKCOPY dfl): TO dfl: Two drive system.

FORMAT DRIVE dft): NAME "mydisk" Formal disk in dfO: as mydisk. INSTALL dfl: Two drive system.

INSTALL ?

One drive system. The question mark forces the CLI

to ask you to specify the drive. This allows you to remove your Workbench disk and insert the disk you want installed. Then type dfO: and press RETURN.

CLI Control Commands Three of the commands used to control the (XI are

RELABEL mydisk: new name Change name from mydisk to newname.

NEWCLI, BNDCLI, and RUN. Because the Amiga is capa ble of multi-tasking, each CLI Opened is a separate task.

DATE is a system command which sets or displays the curreni date and lime. This information is used to date

What i.s running in CU I> is independent from what may be running in CU 2>. If there is enough memory,

stamp every lile that is created or mollified. The date is not saved when the command is executed (use Prefer

you can open up to 20 CLI's.

ences to save the date). l-ach day that you work on the

NEWCLI

Amiga the date should be set.

Create a new CLI task. ENDCU End a CI.I task The KIJN command allows von to create a new CLI B2

MARCH/APRIL '86

DATE Displays the current time and date.

DATE O2-dec-85 Sets Ihe date at December 2,

AMIGA UPDATE DATE 11:45 Sets the time for 11:45AM. DATE fridiiy Sets the date for the 1'riday following last s:ived date,

Directory and File Commands AmigaDOS works with files, directories and subdirec tories. When you first enter the CL1, all file access de faults to the main directory of drive zero. Commands available include I)!R, LIST, CD, IYPIi, COPY, DELETE and RENAME. DIR and LIST are two ways to look at the names of all files in the directory. CD allows you to redefine which directory or subdirectory is the default. TYPE allows you to see the contents of a fife. COPY and DELETE allow you to copy files between directories or disks and delete selected files.

DIR dfO:

The AmigaDOS Manual, published by Bantam Books, provides a complete description

of all the commands available in the Amiga's Command Line

Interpretation (CU). Here, we briefly describe the most commonly used CIA commands.

Show filenames and subdirectories in dfO: DIR dfO:C

single files, groups of files or entire directories, An en

Show filenames and subdirectories in subdirectory c. DIRdfl: Show filenames and subdirectories in dfl: The LIST command not only shows the name of the files, but also the protection level, the dale they were la.st modified and their si/e in bytes.

LIST dft):

tire directory can only be copied to another directory. Use the MAKEDIR command to create the new directo ry if necessary.

COPY dfl): myfik- TO dfl onyflle Copy myfile on a two drive system,

COPYdK)':cTOdfl:<:

Copy directory "e" between drives. COPY dfO: myfik- TO prt:

Show files in dfi): main director}'.

LIST dfl):c

Copy (list) myfile to printer.

Show files in subdirectory c

To copy files on a single drive system, the command

LIST dfl): to prt:

files "copy" and "cd" must first be copied to ram:. To do

List directory to primer.

this use the commands

The CD command lets you redefine the current direc

COPY dfl):c/c<! TO ram:ed

tory. 'Hie main (root) directory of drive zero is default.

COPY dfl):c/copy TO ram:copy

Using the CD command alone will show the name of the

Next use the command CD ram: to make the ramdisk the current directory. To copy the Hie "myfilc." put the

current directory'. CD

disk with myfile in the drive zero. Copy the file to the

Show the name of the current directory. CDdflhc

ramdisk using:

copy dft):myfiie to ramsmyflle

Change current directory to subdirectory c.

Inseri the destination disk and copy the file from ram

CD rani:

disk using:

Change current director)' to RAMdisk.

COPY ranumyfile TO dfi):myfile

The MAKEDIR command allows you to create a new

subdirectory on your disk. The subdirectory can even be nested in another subdirectory.

The DELETE and RENAME commands will delete or

MAKEDIR tests

rename a specified file or directory of Hies.

Create a directory called "tests."

DELETE dfl): myfile

MAKEDIR dfl :c

Delete myfile from the disk in drive dl():

Create a directory "c" on drive one.

The TYPE command allows you to list the contents of a file to the screen. If the file is not a standard ASCII text file,

unusual

characters

Use the command CD dfO: to make dfO: (he current directory.

may

your

screen.

Choosing option h displays the code in hexadecimal. Use the spacebar to pause the listing, the HACK.SP key to restart and a CTRL-C to terminate the listing. TYPE dfl): myfile List myfile from drive dfl):

RENAME FROM dfl):myfile TO dfl>:iicwnanie Rename myfile lo newnamc.

Conclusion The (U.I in AmigaDOS is a powerful interlace for working and manipulating files, in addition to the com mands described here, there are two editorsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;lil> (a screen editor). and EDIT( a line editor)â&#x20AC;&#x201D;and commands for creating executive command files. These files are

TYPE dfl): data OPT h

what put you into Workbench when you power up the

List data file in hexadecimal TYPE mydisk: myfile

computer, and can be used for executing many system

List myfile on mydisk (will prompt for swap).

The COPY command can he used lo copy either

functions. To find out more about all of die CI.I com mands and AmigaDOS in general, see the AmigaDOS Manual.

Q COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

64 USERS ONLY

hv gaky i ii;i.ns

Any Printer/64 JL had a problem. I bought :i NEC brand printer because 1 liked the qual ity of the print and its speed. But it would not print Commodore graph

ics. When I tried 10 prim a listing con fining Commodore graphics, strange

things happened. Sometimes 1 got garbage, sometimes the printer dropped entire

lines of code,

and

sometimes it simply stopped.

I had three options:

1. Never list

anything

containing

Commodore

graphics.

Commodore

Buy

primer or an interface which trans

lates Commodore graphics

to my

printer, or J, Write a program to do the translation for me. I chose option

three. The result is Any l'rinter/64. Any Printer/64 translates Commo

dore graphics and tokens into English or

ASCII,

which

any

primer

can

understand and print. It was written for and tested on a Commodore 64, but with two minor changes, should work with the VIC 20 as well. The re sulting translation can be printed to

your printer or, if you prefer, to your monitor or TV.

This program will

translate both

I'RG (program) and SI-Q (sequential) files. So if you have a SIlQ file, the contents of which are a mystery. Any

Printer/64 can read and translate the file for you. There is also a skip option, which allows you to jump into the middle of the file or program before printing. This saves some time and lots of pa

ence

per, if you need only a section of a

CHRS(121)

program or file translated. Also, the

they're printed, you'll appreciate Any

problems, Puhlic domain programs as

"Fl" key allows you to stop printing

Printer/64.

well as commercial programs are full

;tt any point. So you don't

CHRS's

have to

betweeen and

Each

prints

CHRS(125),

CHRS(9ÂŤ)

those

vertical

when

three

line,

the

print the entire program or file, once

height of the cursor, but in a slightly

you have the section in question.

different

position.

The

differences

I like to study listings to see how other

people

solve

programming

of ideas and techniques worth study ing and duplicating, lint if you have to translate all those graphics, or, even

There are three different groups of

can be determined only by comparing

worse, own a printer other than Com

Commodore users who will find use

the three side by side. Any Printer/64

modore,

for Any Printer/64: those who own a

translates them into ASCII and prints

some

brand of printer other th:in Commo

the ASCII code like this: CHRS(98), It

can he severely curtailed. Any Primer/

dore,

also translates other codes, such as the color keys or cursor controls, into

64 is the solution to these problems.

English.

first have the program or file you wish

those who own Commodore

printers, but have trouble understand ing Commodore graphics, and those who have trouble understanding Commodore graphics,

own a printer.

Any

but

Printcr/64

NOT

will

For example, the cursor-down sym

which

valuable

use

Any

might

code,

even

drop

your studying

l'rinier/(>-i.

you

must

to print stored on a disk. Then you

bol would be translated to (CRSR D).

should type the listing very carefully.

The

Make sure all the commas and semico

funny symbol displayed

when

translate to the screen as well as a

function key 1 is printed inside quotes

lons are just as they are listed. Save

printer.

is translated to (HI). The color codes

your listing before running it the first

lire translated to (RED), (GREEN), etc.

time.

If vou've ever tried lo tell the differ 84

MARCH/APRIL '86

64 USERS ONLY After you run Any PrimtT/61, insert the disk iliat contains the program or file you wish to print. There will lie a quick title, then you'll be asked If you

nels and return the program to the

w;mi to view the disk directory In or

"THY AGAIN (Y/Nf screen. Any Prlnter/64 was written Cor use

Commodore graphic

on a Commodore 61 and Commodore 128 in 6-i mode. Hut as far as 1 can

characters into

der to get the correct spelling of Che desired file or program. A simple RE

tell, it should also work on the VIC 20

if two POKES arc changed. Line 1 POKE5328I.O pokes the screen to

English or ASCII.

TURN defaults to "Wo." If you choose

"Y." the disk will spin and a portion

of the directory will be displayed. When i Ik* correct program or file is displayed, note the correct spelling of

put the correct file name, Be Careful

the border black. VIC 20 users should change those or simply eliminate the

ing begins. Pressing RETURN defaults to none. If you are familiar with the

POKE commands entirely. Everything else in Any Printer/61 is

"Y."

Any Printer/64 will next ask you to in

black. Line 20 POKHS.^HO.O pokes

skip past some byics before the prim

its name and whether ii is a program or sequential file. Then Input

Translate special

file or program you are about to print

Commodore BASIC and should work

and know that all the information you

on both the VIC and 64. But I do not

arc curious about is in the middle or

own a VIC 20 ami thus have not tested

to duplicate it just as it appears in the

near the cud of the file, you can use

directory.

this option to skip pasi some Informa tion to save tune ami paper. Don't worry about the skipping. If you skip

Now you

I be asked if the file is a

"P" or "S." 'P" stands for a program file and "S" for a sequential Me. The

too far or not far enough, nothing bad

DIRECTORY

SORTING

COLORS'ELNN

FS(A)=LEFT$(RS+Q$+SS+Q$+SPS,

280

295

780 790

GET#1,BS:IF BS=CHR$(32)THEN

19)+LEFTS(CS,B)+"[RVOFF]

270

NUMBER'CXIM 750 760 770

PRINTS

OPTIONALLY

'" BASQ

850

860

**'"BAVE

YOUR

DISK

[CMDR

PRESS

ALPHABETICAL

- BY

DIRECTORY,

ORDER,

PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE3) ON THE 1526 PRINTER OR THE SCREEN.[DOWN]"'BAOQ PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE3]INSERT A THEN

@38]

DISK,

KEY..."

310

M=N'BCBY

320

M=INT(M/2)'OFXC

330

IF M=0 THEN RETURN'ECNC J=1:K=N-M'DGTE I-J'BCSD

875

L=I+M'CDLF

1[LEFT3]";BS'BDEU IF LEFT5(B$,1)="Y"THEN

880

PRINT"[DOWN,SPACES,CMDR @23]"'BAYB

890

PRINT"[SPACE5]—

340 350 360

:GOSUB 370

SORT

380

390

T$=F$(I):FS(I)=FS(L):F$(L)=TS'DBSN

410

I=I-M'CDJB

420 430

IF Ki THEN 440'DFVC GOTO 360'BDIC

440

J=J+1'CDHE

F$(I)<FS{L)THEN

440'DNKJ

600

620

:'ABHA REM **** MPS-802/1526 ENHANCEMENT'BJCK REM'BARC

630

REM

640

DIRECTORY'BXSK REM * WILL LIST

THEN

320'DFNG

910

350'BDHF

EITHER

ONE

REM

PRINTER

REM

144

FILES

690 700

REM

THE

FOLDING

PERFECTLY

INTO

BUT

BEFORE

:"ABHC

720

REM

730

DN=8 : REM DISK NUMBER'CAXM

PRINTED.

740

PN=4

INITIALIZATION'BSTI

REM

DRIVE

PRINTER

WHEN

SECONDS,

I 'M

GOSUB 160:REM READ DIRECTORY'CROK F$(0)=MIDS(F$(0),3,

IF SO THEN GOSUB :REM SORT'ELEN

960

BEEP'CJMK 1130

FOLDING

SHEET,

PRESS

[RVS] Fl [RVOFF} '"BASU PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE2] TO

NOTEBOOK

SHEET,

PRESS

[RVS]F3[RVOFF]"'BAHU 980

PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE5] TO

THE

SCREEN,

PRESS

[RVSJF5[RVOFF]"'BAMV 990 GOSUB 1610:OD$=AS'CKRP 1000 IF OD5="[F1I"OR ODS="[F3] "THEN GOSUB 1200:GOTO 1030 :REM F1/F2=PRINTER'IEXF 1010 IF OD$="[F5J"THEN GOSUB 154W

DEVICE

1660:REM

PRINT"[CLEAR,DOWN3,SPACE 3] TO

WASTES

NOTES.'BXEH 710

BEEP

GOSUB

THE'BWBO REM * NOTEBOOK SHEET HAS MARGINS'BYCQ REM * FOR PUNCHED HOLES &

****

FEW

950

970

ENVELOPE,

940

PAPER'BYYO 680

TAKES

16)+" "+MIDS(FS(0),21,2)+"[SPACE91 "+CHR$(13):A=0'JLWU

PRINTED

SHEET.

FITS

920

930

DISK'BXQN 670

[RVOFF]

PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE5] I 'LL

SHEET" BRIM 660

[RVS]

DIRECTORY

FINISHED.)"'BAAM

ON'BXEL

REM

SO=1'FJIT

SO'"BARL

650

THE

ORDER[SPACE2)

PRINT"[DOWN,SPACE5] (THIS

GOTO

ALPHABETICAL

READING

900

460 610

—"'BAXT

450

J>K

1610'CFGT

INPUT"[DOWN,SPACE3)

:GOTO

1030:REM

F5=SCREEN'GWPD

1020

GOTO

990'BDRV

1030

INPUT"[DOWN,SPACL6) COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

107

64 USERS ONLY/ALPHABETIZER PRINT

AGAIN

N)[SPACE2]N

[LEFT3]";B$:B§=LEFTS(B$,1)'DMXJ 1040

1050

10301HIAD IF BS="N"THEN IF BS="Y"THEN

1060

BS<>"Y"AND

1=0

1340

N=<K

B$O"N"THEN

1350 1100'DGPB IF SO=1 GOTO

PRINT:GOTO

THEN

I+K=N+1

:BFS = 1360

I+K=<N

THEN

PRINT'BACD

1380

N=<L

1080

1390

US=""THEN

1090

:REM SORT'ELEG A=0:GOTO 960'CGHE

1100

END'BACT

1110

: 'ABHU REM **•*

1130

1140

THEN

U$=""'FEQI 1440:REM

1440:REM

NOT

1400

1410

FOLD POINT'FVQF PRINT:PRINT SPC(13)US;

MESSAGE/SORT/BEEP

PRINT"[SPACE3]-SORTING

IOL

:IF

WAIT

@27]"'BAQP

[RVS]

THEN

N=144

THEN

FOR

BEEPS.

1440

NEXT'BAEB

1450

1160

GOSUB

1460

1660:GOSUB 2

IF IF

N = <K

THEN

U$=""AND

U5 = "'"FEPE N=144

1660

BEEPS'DOME-

US=""THEN

:GOTO

PRINT"[SPACE3]"BFS

RETURN'BAQB

1190

:'ABHC REM ****

1200

PRINT"[DOWN2,SPACE9]

:PRINT:NEXT:REM

DATE CMDR

NOTEBOOK

1470

PRINTER'BSHI

1210

1-1026+40*PEEK(214)+POS(0)

1215

POKE

BS="":INPUT

1500

631,29

B$:IF

FOR

1=1 FORM

83-M

FEED

FOR

SHEET'KKWU

IF K=96 THEN FOR 1=1 TO 113-M+5*(N>48)+(N=96)+(N>96)

:PRINT:NEXT:REM PAGE'RHLY BFS=CS:US="":PRINT#4:CLOSE :REH

LEN(B$)>10

THEN

10,PN,10:PRINTS10:CLOSE

RESET'IILK

1510 1520

:'ABHA

1530

REM

1540

PRINT"[CLEAR,RVS]";:C=W'CEQE FOR 1=0 TO N:PRINT RIGHTS(F$(I),

PAPER

WITH

PRINT"[SPACE5]SILVER

PRESS

OPEN

TOP

1550

BAR,

KEY. . ."

10,PN,10:PRINT#10:CLOSE 4,PN:REM

RESET

RETURN'BAQY ****

1560

:A=A+1'LLYR IF A=21 THEN

PRESS

PRINTER'FHML

:GOSUB

J=22:K=96:L=4 8:C$=BF$

NEXT:PRINT

1580

OPEN

1590 1600

RETURN'BAQG :'ABHH

3,PN,3:PRINT#3,CHR$ [53)

6,PN,6:PRINT#6,CHRS{J) SET

LINES

PER

INCH'FFXN 1290 CMD 4'BBIE 1300 C=0:M=N:IF N>K THEN M^K'GKVC 1310 PRINT SPC(21)"("MIDS(STRS(N), 2)")[SPACE2]"B$CHR$(141);

:REM

SFILES

1320

FOR

1325

1-0

WAIT

GET

RETURN'BAQC

FOR

KEYPRESS'BTAE

198,0'BFXB

AS:IF

AS=""THEN

1620'EJGF

1640

:'ABHD

1650 1660

REM **** MAKE A BEEP'BNCH SD=54272:POKE SD+6,241 :POKE SD+4,33:POKE SD+1,21'HECQ

1665

FOR

1670

:NEXT:FOR 1=1 TO 200:NEXT'LUUV POKE SD+4,32:POKE SD+24,0 :FOR

1=0

1=1

STEP

24:POKE

3:POKE

SD + 24 , I

SD+1,0

:NEXT'KAMR

C)LEFTS(FS(I),LEN(F$(I))-C);

MARCH/APRIL '86

•***

1630

SPC(-3*(I>0))RIGHTS(FS(I) ,

:C = 5'KKGQ

POKE

CONTINUE.."

BF$'CEBH

1610 1620

COMMENT'GIHJ

M'DDGA

REM

1610:PRINT"[UP3]"'HMST

1570

6:REM

SCREEN'BRHG

A=0:PRINT"[DOWN]

KEY

:IF OD$="[F3]"THEN J=27:K=72:L=36 :GOTO L280:REM F3'MPWS

OPEN

C)LEFTS(F$ (I) ,LEN(F$(I))-C) :C = 5

1610'CFYJ

:CLOSE

108

K=72

:OPEN

:CLOSE 3:PRINT#4,"[CLEAR,HOME]" :US="[DOWN]-MORE-":REH SKIP'HBEO 1280

1200'GQWD

:OPEN

1270

SPC(13)USSPC(35)

PRINT"[DOWN2,SPACE5]

:GOSUB

1260

1490

198,1'EWII

THEN 1250

1480

1,34'HUJE 1+54272,SC:POKE

ALIGN TOP OF"'BAWH

1240

PRINT:PRINT

BFS'EMAI

OR COMMENT[DOWN,RIGHT3, T10,LEFT13,UP]";'BBGQ

:POKE

1480'FKUI

1180

■.POKE

THEN

SPC{45);'HKBI

1170

THEN

SPC(29)BFS;

PRINT:PRINT:PRINT:PRINT'EDSC

IRVOFF] —"'BASH GOSUB 310:REM SORT'CIYC

1230

1420 1430

1150

1220

FOLDS

:BFS=""'JXTI

PRINT"[SPACE6,CMDR

:REM

BF$;

NEEDED'EUSM

'BBND

■ 1130

SPC(18);

LEN(FS U + K) ) -C) ; ' NHCR

ORDER

1075

1120

COLUMN

MUFN

1370

GOSUB

1443'FHED 1

RIGHTS(FS(I+K)rC)LEFTS(F$(I+K),

ALPHABETICAL

THEN

[SPACE2]Y[LEFT3]";B$'BDEL IF LEFTS(BS,1)="Y"THEN SO=1'FJIK SO

1370:REM

BFS>""THEN

:IF

INPUT"[DOWN,SPACE3] SORT

THEN

ONLY'FSFI

1090'GJHF 1070

1330

1680

RETURN'BAQH

END

PROGRAMMERS' TIPS Your 1985 Federal Income Tax for the Commodore

64 or 128 A. he Internal Revenue Service (IKS) bas pointed (nil

thai

when people

prepare their federal income t;ix. many copy the wrong Bgure from the tax tables. In Pact, this is the most common error made on Income tax returns.

Now that tax season is here again, we have a short BASIC program thai will prevent any such error, it Deeds no special Instructions. All you have to do is type it in and run it.

Don't expeel this program to pre turn. For that, you better look at com mercially available programs, or pay your accountant. Hut once you have

page

two

oil

Copying the ivrong

either

tic is then used to calculate your tax.

figure from the tax

Program Test

tables is the most

As an extra precaution thai all lines are typed correctly and that there is

common error made .

pare your complete income tax re

reached

needed for your specific filing status and taxable income. Simple arithme

no program glitch, you may want to

on income tax returns.

perform this test. Answer the program

prompts as

follows:

This program helps

SELECT i OR 2? 2( 1040- Long Form)

prevent that error.

NUMBER: ?

2 ( Filing Status Mhj)

(FROM I (HO, MNK6F): ? ( (Number

I'onn

oFyour exemptions)

1040 or Bonn EO4OA, and found your

The data in lines 2000 lo 5010 are

Adjusted Gross Income on the top line, the program will readily tell you

the IRS 1985 Tax Rate Schedule.-, for every filing status. In order to ensure

your taxable income and the tax on it.

DID YOU ITEMIZE ?

accuracy, the program checks these

SUMMARY LINE 24; ?

No more errors and correction letters

data each time i( runs. If you made a

from the IKS!

no YOU WANT TO THY Tl II; CJIAR1

mistake in typing in these data, it will

TABLE CONTRIBUTIONS INSTEAD ?

Whether you are married, single, or

(FROM FORM I (MO LINE: 33): ? 20000(Adjusted Gross income) YES 3000

tell you the section where there is an

out

YES

error. But remember, the IKS will not

whether you gain with itemized de ductions or should consider taking

accept excuses such as, "I didn't do

CASH (LINE 34B): 100 NONCASH (LINE 34C): ? (I IX) YOU WANT TO RECONSIDER ?

whatever,

you

will

even

find

the deduction for charitable contri butions, Instead. After this, you are again on your own

with

penalties,

regard and

to withholding,

other goodies

lo be

found on the rest oft lie I US forms.

The program will run oil your Com

that; my computer did it."

For taxable incomes of 850,000 or

YES

above, these data are used lo directly

CASH (LINE 34B): ?

compute the tax.

NONCASH (LINE 34C): ?

Hut the key to the program is con

tained in lines 400 to ii(Âť for taxable incomes of less than 150,000. Essen

tially, the voluminous lax tables are

200 IU

The result on your screen or print

er should show, at the bottom, a tax able income of 15,735, and the tax from tax table as 1,663, If you gel any other result, you have an error in the

modore 64 tir 1 >H. Tor the 12H, It will

replaced by a mathematical tech

operate in either the -tO- or the 80-

nique of interpolation. By manipulat

column mode, depending on your pre

ing the data from the tax tables, the

ferences. You can look at the results

If everything tests correctly, you

program constructs a single line out

on your screen and/or on a printer.

of the more than 4,000 possible tax

might even use this program to check the figures with which your spouse or

Program Technique

values. It

tax preparcr has come up!

Before typing; [Ills program, read "Hum hi i-nitr Programs"and

When typing in the program, you

"How to Use the m.h; */u n Entry Program."

can omit all REM lines. Just be careful

to enter the data

is the one line which is

program.

[fiim arc u>inK :i Commodore I >m in ijh node, omit ihc apusimphi- mill

lines correctly.

list four letters al (he tnil ii) each jirogniin line.

Blame the IRS for the complexity; they went as far as using decimal frac

REM

tions this pear.

WIDTH)'BNNM

RUNS

1985 Federal Income Tax

C-64

AND

C-128

(40

COLUMN (."tt/t'lJIfl't/

COMMODORE! MICROCOMPJIFJ?

109

aNSIiZGT

OXOOlSdfl

HlNiad: ,,,,=Sad

J,NIHc : fr N3HX

3S01D:

, xlt=Sad

f 61

13HD,

i,,aom

aooD,,

gdn

I3D3.Z06 dHD3,20£

(tt

N3HX

anSOO

N3H&

3dS

iNiad

„; ...ogad i ,A,, = SXX

V09

xncib

Ji 31

ansoo

((0)0 Nil) DdS

OSdA,0

361

209

DTae

anO3,o

((0)0

ansod

N3)DdS

Nsoa.o

DHX3iO

.LNIHd

S5T

iNIHd

N3Hi

XNISd

Na)DdS

N3)DdS

31 31

oj,oo

3D03,0

((0)0

99 IIUdtf/HOUVH

hJO

N3HX

gdn

H3BWflN,, (0T) DdS

„) i,

1=3

XNiad ansoo

8IT

911 t- x\

„:

XNiad

(9)DdS

xyae,gao

2001

anSOD

N3HX

S1I

„:

XNiad XNiad ansoo .LNiad XNiad

011 801 901 $ 01 201

OXOD:

00005<=Vi

89 V9

ansoo

H3aa,20ii

13HQ , (5 ' +VJ.) XNI=V

std

29 09

31 31

0X00:

3i:X3-QV=VJ,

31:HD-£O-IOV=aW anSOD:2 09

anSOD

XNiad

ONV 1=3 V8Z = >yX

dAaH.Z0I

N3HJ,

an SOD

OXOO:

nX^^gAX

OXOO^hNIVDV

sax)

aziwaxi

XaX,,J,Niad

nox

ansoo:0=£a

8fr 9t-

aio,,xndNi

nbhx

0X00: 1=3

Dad3,XNiad:

VWW0D ON

<„

3iiD,xNiad:$a

,,z

nshx

1=3

tsv 8£

,,W0a3) ,,XNiad:

(9)DdS

aovd,,

gDV

Sdn

awra.209

0t-l

Oil

Na)DdSu!

££,,(5)DdS SOV XNIHd:iDV=O 0 z\ Ss

a^a ,209

0Nni3,,(2)0ds

,,:t aDVdi, Ss sa DNaa,t-09 anOX.i (01) DdS

i,5861

OAdO,f0T

9Z.1 frZ.1

,.XIVM

DNiavaa,,

N3HX 00005<=Vi OXOD^0=XJ. N3HJi 0>VX

0>av

0Mr3,t5

Z0E

-,,(on

IOWO.tS 208

(S'+IOV)XNI = IDV:iOV .LndNI WM03, ;,,:(E£ 3Nn,,XNiad N3H1 2=3 31 3Nn,,iNiad

IDNO.igS

„> 9tl

N3HJ.

N3HX

DNiaiXNIHd:208

?91 291

iLMCC^fr

N3HX

8S1 951

„:

051

MAaa,;,,:(si 81*1

,1: „:

XNIHd

&E 2£

XNiad ansoo:

avaa.gTD

IVO3,,,V0t0T

., :

iNiad

„:

XNiad

WaO3,, + $S = S3

r^fDi9I

N3HX

3f,,2

8CI

N3HX

Z<A

XNiad

T=3 T>3

92 •vZ

31!

loaTas^ndNi

9£1

3>J33,J,Niad :

«WaO3 ONOrI (■El

-„ (2) DdS

,,0fr0T V0t0I

ANiad

[23DVdS] 2.,(9)DdS iaDDlllWH03

XaOHS

[Z30VdS] Ti, (9) DdS

2CT

XNIHd

ysHa.xNiae: ,,e.waoa

SaT

0EI

„:

XNiad

[,N,,=$XX

N3HX

0038 , „ SONODaS,,

3sv3id-yxva

IdND.Z009 dlWDiZ0I

0=VX

991 N3OH,0=QV

„:

0100

0000S>VX 00005<=VX

((0)0

J.NIHd :GV = 0

SflS

( (0)0 N3)DdS N3)DdS

SHD

(E)DdS Ssi

33aa,05i

(t )DdS SO

StEu(i!DdS

XNiad

HDIHM,, (6) DdS

J,Niad:209 TADD, ,,XVX

OflSOD

821

63dS,N0IXD3S

lOaXNOD nn i ci

nvd

S3Nn

waa

3W0DNI

ivaaaa3 586T anox,,(9)Dds XNiad DDia.SlD ,LNiad:205 anSODJHTD

92T tzi

DOOQ,8£1

3DVd,,

aiUD.sa

S3X

snxvxs owna,-'ga

281

aa3D,g3

081

„:

> iNiad:ay=0

b lib

((0)0

SOV 1 ■Jiad:iOV=O

N3HX

9n3a,C9I

3aHe,,, -z

061 set

981

OHia,,, (,.

..:

0Z,,(S)DdS $91 XNiad:XX=O t-81 H303.0 ((0)0 N3)DdS „: 6T«(21)DdS gVi l uNiad:VX-0

XDNa,N0IJ,D3S XNiad W3M : 001 araa,20t ansoo ZL

8i» (n)Dds Sax , LNiad:X3=0 8Z.1 dro^.O ((0)0 N3)DdS 11 i L L Li la 1 1 ^a b

((0)0 N3)DdS „! LNiad:HD=0

13d3.0 ((0)0 N3)DdS „: 09I»(9)DdS SET ■ LNIHd:iD=0 2£T TAda.O ((0)0 N3) DdS 11 H9Tn (iO DdS S2T LNIHd:OD=0 0Z.I Olda,0 ((0)0 N3)DdS „: V9T,,(i)DdS SIT LNiad=VD=0 891 IAQB ,SHD

woOa.o

£!.■ (5)DdS

aoa a, 961

((0)0 N3)DdS LNIHd = XX = 0 091 0XN.3, '■„ : 8£,, (5)DdS

S9T

,,N,i<>SXX ONV ,,A,,<>gXA 31 tmtd,(i'gA)sxaai-Sxx wwaa.sx

WN13, '■ »■ 8£,,

T303iO ((0)0 N3)DdS ,1: Z.E11 (2T) DdS SVX XNiad:Vi=0 ("51 rnO3.O ((0)0 N5)DdS „: 9C.i (IT) DdS S3X J,Niad:X3 = 0 2ST HTO3.0

5 C11 ( 5 X ) Dd S

0X03,0 ((0)0 N3)3dS „: 3I>£,, (51) DdS $M XNI3d:HD=0

NWX3, gHD-0

XNIMd:XD=0

Diaafs.r^i^aovd^la'xNiiid

N3)DdS I'-

fdX3,smd;o ((0)0 a^£,,(t)Dds sn XNIHd:V0=0 ZH vxos.shd MAra,Sa

yfrc U)Dds

ommo■$a (£)DdS „= a&£,,(5T)DdS S&i XNiad iinwa.SMD (t> )DdS SO „: at>E,, (9)DdS SET XNiad

aOwa,S)JD

Ol-e,, (f-)DdS S£l yawa.Siio (t )DdS gHD

3XD9,S^D

ZZT

IXd3,0 ((0) 0 N3)DdS,,: VfrE,, (t) DdS $SI xNiad:£a=o

W3U m

frl

21 01

mi,]

waa

XVI 3WO0NI / Sdll ,Sd3WWd0O dd

PROGRAMMERS' TIPS/INCOME TAX 200 202

END'BACK : REM FILING STATUS'BNBA PRINT"FILING[SPACE2]STATUS:" :PRINT'CBSD

402 4 04

F1$=STR$(A):LE=LEN(F1$)"EOGF F2S = RIGHTS(F1S.2) :F2=VAL(F2$) 'ESS I

406

F5$=LEFTS(Fl$,LE-2)'DMII

204

408

410 412 414

IF F2<50 THEN A$=F5$+"25"'FJNE IF F2=>50 THEN A$=F5S+"75"'GJNH GOTO 426'BDLE

196

000'BCVF

SPC(2)"i"SPC(4)"SINGLE

{S)"'DESF 206

PRINT SPC(2)"2"SPC{4)"MARRIED FILING JOINTLY (MFJ)'"DERM

208

210

212

SPC(2)"3"SPC{4)"HARRIED

FILING SEPARATELY (HFS)'"DEIP PRINT SPC(2)"4"SPC(4)"HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD (HH)""DETF IF F=2 THEN PRINT SPC(2)"5"SPC{4) "QUALIFIED WIDOW(ER) (QW)'"GGGK

214 216

PRINT:INPUT"NUMBER:";N%'CEQF

218

PRINT:PRINT SPC(3)"PLEASE AGAIN1":GOTO 202'EHBN

N%>0

REM

AND

N%<6

THEN

420

F2=>25

F2<50

THEN

422

AS=F5S+"37.5"'INCI IF F2=>50 AND F2<75 A$=F5$+"62.5"'INFK

THEN

CKS=S$+S$+CHR$(166)+CHRS(166) +CHRS(166)'IWZK

C$="HH":2BA=2390

512

DS = S$+CHR$ (96)+CHR$(96)+CHR$(96)

514

F$=S$+"FORM

EXEMPTIONS

AND

ZBA'BRHD

230

IF N% = 4

:XX=15'HWRM

'HQKK

:YY=4"GRIH

IF N% = 5 THEN CS="QW"'EFDF PRINT:PRINT"TOTAL NUMBER OF" S$ YE$'CGLJ IF F=l THEN PRINT SPC(2) :INPUT"(FROM 1040A, LINE 5 F) :";E%'GICP IF

F=2

THEN

:INPUT"(FROM

SPC(2)

1040,

LINE

:";E%'GINR 240 300

302

ITEMIZED

DEDUCTIONS'BTWD

304

PRINT"FROM SCHEDULE DEDUCTIONS'" BAXL

306

FOR

CHRS(163);

308

:NEXT:PRINT'HNHK INPUT"SUMMARY LINE

CLS:PRINT'CEFB

J=l

15:PRINT

ITEMIZED

24:";D1

:Dl=INT{Dl+.5)'EMWO 310

PRINT"YOUR LINE

312

D3=D1-ZBA'CHMD PRINT"YOUR LINE

314

25 26

WAS:" WAS:"

ZBA'BDFD D3

IF D3>75 'RETURN' :GOTO

318 320 322

SU$="SUBTRACTION"'BDOH YES="YOUR EXEMPTIONS"'BDCK

526 528

TAS=RS+"TAXABLE INCOME"+B$'DHGO LS="YOO WOULD LOOSE BY ITEMIZING!1" BCWS

530 532 534 536

L1S=SS + "CASH'"CFAF L2$=S$+"NONCASH"'CFII L3$=S$+"TOTAL"'CFEJ L4S=S$+"DEDUCTION"'CFFN

538

L5$=CX$+"FROM

540

SCHEDULE"+SS'DIMT L65=CX$+"TAX FROM TAX

542

RETURN'BAQF

700 702

330'FLKQ

324

INPUT"(YES

330

IF LEFT$(KS,1)O"Y" THEN 330'FJGK PRINT CLS:PRINT:PRINT CHS:PRINT :GOSUB 814:D3=0:RETURN'HSAP CH=0:RETURN'CECC

400

TAX

FOR

NO)";KS'BDWG

TABLE

PARAMETERS

REM

TAX

RATE

TABLE"'CGPK

UNDERLINE'BKKD

J=l

39:PRINT CHR$(45);:NEXT

FOR

J=l

39:PRINT

CHR$(100);

:NEXT:PRINT:RETURN1IODL

IF D3<0 THEN D3=0:PRINT:PRINT LS :GOTO 322'HOJN PRINT "PROBALY," S$ L$:PRINT'CFJD PRINT SPC(6) "DO YOU WANT TO TRY THE" SS CHS SS "INSTEAD" S$;'CMYM

REM

600

602 604

THEN INPUT"PRESS TO CONTINUE";KS

326 329

522 524

:PRINT:RETURN"INNJ

:PRINT'CDJI 316

1040"'CESI

516 AG$="ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME"'BDCN 518 IS$="ITEMIZED (SCHEDULE A)"'BDEO 520 CH$="CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS1" BD

EX=E%*1040:RETURN'DJQD REM

1002:RETURN'ELQK

+SS'GUFP

:YY=3'GRTO

23a

THEN

510

228

IF IF

236

F2O9.99

A$=F5S+"87.5"'IQEN

C$="MFJ"'EFEI CS="MFS":ZBA=1770

226

234

AND

$3,000'BVXK

: REM INITIALIZATION'BPPD DEF FN Q(Q)=7-LEN(STRS(Q))'GKJH S$=CHRS(32):CLS=CHRS(14 7)'EPXI RS=CHRS(18):UP$=CHR$(14 5)'EPQL B$=CHRS(14 6):CX$=SS+CHR$(118)

232

F2 = >75

AND

AS = F5S4-" 12 . 5" ' FJMM

A=VAL(AS):GOSUB

ZBA=3 54 0:YY=2:XX=14'DQSG IF Nft=l THEN CS="S":ZBA=2390:YY=1

THEN

PARAMETERS

THEN

500 502 50 4 506 5 08

220

THEN THEN

F2<25

426

222 224

N% = 2 N%=3

TAX

418'DIIJ

418

424

REM

THEN

416

222'FJNI

TRY

A<3000

$50,

: REM SCHED A PRINT"SUMMARY

SUMMARY'BOIF LINES OF" S$

"SCHEDULE A:'"BEEM 704 706 708 710

PRINT"YOUR LINE 24 WAS: PRINT"YOUR LINE 25 WAS PRINT"YOUR LINE 26 WAS: GOSUB 602:RETURN'CELD

800

802 804

PRINT CLS'BDAF PRINT"DID YOU MAKE" CH$'BJAL PRINT:INPUT"(YES OR Y$=LEFTS(Y$,l)"CIIN

806 808

REM

CHAR.

Dl'BCAK ZBA'BDFM D3'BCEO

CONTR.'BMAF

NO)";YS'CEQM

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

111

PROGRAMMERS' TIPS/INCOME TAX 310 812

IF YSO"Y" AND Y$O"N" THEN PRINT"TRY AGAIN":GOTO 804'JICN PRINT-.IF YS="N" THEN 846'EGLJ

814

816

F=2

2002

DATA

L2S

826

828

INPUT

83B

CT=CA+CO'CGJI

ES;'BGLH

THEN

PRINT"(LINE

16B)=";

THEN

PRINT"(LINE

34C)=";

DATA 4283.7, 5936.7, 7813.5, 10739.5, 16770.7, 30009.l'BTAL

2010

DATA

3000 3001

INPUT"(YES

842

YS=LEFTS (YS,1} 'CIIL

844 846

IF YS="Y" THEN PRINT:GOTG YYS="N":RETURN'CEIO

3002

GET

906

PRS:IF

UPS;:FOR

:NEXT

J'GPGQ

908

SPC(14) TAX

814'FGEO

UP$

A<=A(1)

3008

THEN

1008

1010

TX=INT{(T+DA*R/100)+.5)

A>A(X)

DATA

3010

1106

FOR

SELECT

TX=0:RETURN'GJPA

1108

FOR

1110

FOR

TO TO

10171.6,

38123.3,

DATA'BLMW TO

4006

15:READ 15:READ

18315,

DATA

119.9,

1299,

3264.2,

251.3,

1802.8,

5004

T (X) :S=S+T(X)

5006

REM

IRS

Rl(X) 5008

5085.8,

19061.65,

SCHED

DATA

240.9,

3962.4"BrtSM DATA 5505.2,

18033.1,

Y:RETURN'EKHB

7271.6,

28010.1,

: REM CHECK DATA'BKOX IF INT(S)=446714 THEN IF INT (S)=590158 THEN

RETURN'FJFC RETURN'FJHE

5010

1206

INT(S)=820712

THEN

RETURN'FJEF

6000

1208

INT (S)=410571

THEN

RETURN'FJCH

6 002

PRINT:PR I NT"SORRY,

1210

PRINT-.PRINT"STOP1

1212

ERROR IN LINES"'CBLF SS=1000*(Y+l)'DKXC

6004

YOUR"'CBNK PRINT"TAXABLE

1214

MARCH/APRIL 86

UNMARRIED

823.1,

2637.6,

1200 1202 1204

112

32575.85,

502.5,

1971.6,

GOSUB

11132.1,

41253.3,

9'BWFO DATA 11,12,14,17,18,20,24,28,32, 35,42,45,48,50,9'BSOG REM YOU

ENTRY

SS+10:STOP'DHTE

249 2.8'BTOL 7894,

HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD (HH}'BPWI DATA 2390, 4580, 6760, 9050, 12280, 15610, 18940, 24460'BSVH DATA 29970, 35490, 46520, 63070, 85130, 112720, 9'BNDJ

1112

"TO"

564.9,

4010

A(X):S=S+A(X)

DATA

44545,

9'BVVN DATA 11,12,14,16,18,22,25,28,33, 38,42,45,49,50,9'BSVF

5002

1202:S=0:NEXT

31225,

9'BMOH

DATA

5000

X'HUXE

MARRIED

RETURNS

23835,

84510,

1372.2,

15:READ

4008

R%tl5)'BSPA YY

SCHED

SEPARATE

56930,

Y'GKUE

:S=S+R%(X):NEXT

1578B,

65151.7,

DATA

X'HSIK

X=l

3605.6,

4004

X'HSUI

X=l

:NEXT

IRS

13488.4,

T(15), Y=l

REM

905.7,

R = R%(X):T=T(X)

SPC(24)

X=l

89090,

(MFS)'BTTJ DATA 1770, 2860, 3955, 6195, 8325, 10510, 12800, 15560'BRWG

XX'DEQA THEN

A(15),

:NEXT

62450,

4002

:RETURN'HQWC

:PRINT

12390,

311201BTMG

11,12,14,16,18,22,25,28,33,

FILING

X'BBRB

PRINT:FOR

6528.4,

DATA

:DA=A-A(X)'HAGJ

1104

47670,

2598,

26976.8,

4000

102'DJWJ

1006

REM

36630,

7910,

25600,

3006

CALCULATION"BPDW

5720,

21020,

113860, 169020, 9'BOLH DATA 0, 239.8, 502.6, 1129.8,

"PRINTING'"CGJJ

4:G0T0

FOR

DIM

3540,

DATA

S$;

192'EGGP

1004

1102

QUALIFYING

9"BVMM

904'EKGL

39:PRINT

1002

1100

AND

1811.4,

PRINT-OUT

THEN

J=l

THEN

4,4:CMD

X=l

HARRIED

4985.6'BVQK

PRS=""

PR$O"Y"

REM

38,42,45,49,50,9'BSVE

904

REM

SCHED

JOINTLY(MFJ)'BLVF

3004

OR N)"'BAGN

1000

IRS

16650,

VIC-1525'BQAH WANT

REM

DATA

NO)";YS'BDGK

PRINTER YOU

LOW

RECONSIDER"'CBQV

840

WIDOW(ER)S(QW)"BDHE

PRINT:IF CH>74 THEN 846'EICN PRINT:PRINT"THIS IS A RATHER DEDUCTION OF $"CH'CDYW PRINT:PRINT"DO YOU WANT TO

PRINT"DO

11,12,14,15,16,18,20,23,26,

FILING

832 CH=INT(.5+CT/2)'EJWL

902

870,

2082.6,

2008

CO:CO=INT(CO+.5)'ELHR

900

85130'BQSG 251.3, 556.5,

30,34,38,42,48,50'BTED

"EDKP

57550, 126.5,

1252.4, 1646.6, 2848.5'BBPK

'EDIN

6760,

43190, DATA 0,

OPEN

4580,

2006

824

912

3540,

34B)=";

CA:CA=INT(CA+.5)'ELQJ

910

2390,

PRINT"(LINE

INPUT

REM

SINGLE

THEN

838

(S)'BEOC

2004

822

834 836

SCHED

16A)=";

820

F=2

IRS

PRINT"(LINE

Sยง;'CIMJ

"EDJQ

F=l

REM

THEN

L1S

'EDHO

818

TAXPAYERS

8850, 11240, 13430, 15 610'BRKE DATA 18940, 24460, 29970, 35490,

SPC(3)

F=l

2000

"IS

FLAG'BFBY MUST

TOO

USE

FORM

1040.

INCOME

HIGH!":END'CDDL

TA END

PROGRAMMERS' TIPS "Life" in the

UY M\HK M VI t.A\

gram run all out. Tlii1 final option I added K a choice

Speed up the "Game

Fast Lane

In the type of board thai Life is to be

ofLife"from our

played on. The program listed below

for the

May/June 1985 issue,

Commodore 64

so it runs 100 times

plays on a finite board with bounda

ries M the edge of the computer screen. By adding the line

230SYS49452 you change the board to one with no

faster.

boundaries,

The screen wraps from

M.hi' Game ofLife" by Cyndie Mer-

lop to bottom and left to righi as If

ten appeared in the Muy/Jttm- 1985 issue of Commodore Microcompu ter!). The game simulates the rise and decline ofgenerations of organisms in a population, based on just three rules;

there were no break at ihe edge of tile screen.

continue without distortion onto the bottom of ihe screen. With this choke you are playing Life on the surface of

a torus, or donui shape!

two or three neighboring orga

cliine language in several places, the .name runs more than lot) times faster

nisms survives.

than tlic- original program. You may

the program. The .screen will go black

find it

and a flashing cursor (ball) will ap

1. Any organism surrounded by

2, Four or m<Âťv neighbors dooms

i in (.Testing to see tile game

patterns move across the screen at

pear. To enter your starting pattern,

population. Conversely, having no neighbors leads to death

this rate. While speeding up the program, I

use the cursor keys lo position this

also added :i few features and options

to turn on cells. The space bar may be

thai may be of Interest to others ex

used to erase cells that are on. When

perimenting with l.iff. First, since the

the pattern is set, hit the RET! fRN key

nisms has cut organism born

revised program runs so quickly. I in

cluded line 2 {0 :is a .sort of throttle

to begin its evolution, Remember, you

to it.

The result, over generations of or ganisms, is ei series ofcomplex, ever-

^hanging patterns that are both aes thetically

and

mathematically

intriguing.

After playing Cyndle Merten's Game of l.iff for some time, it became cjear thai it' i wanted to explore ihe (;;imc in greater detail, ii

would be

necessary to speed up the program, if the game could be played faster, ii would lif possible to follow the evolu tion lit more patterns for more gener

hitting tlie space bar and restart with ihe RETURN

ending value for tliis FOR-NEXT loop, Next, 1 provide the means to stop and then continue the evolution of a pat tern. Line 250 will halt the program when the space liar is pressed. Line

evolution of a pattern, hit RUN/STOI1,

260 will restart the evolution where ii left off when the RETURN key is hit. This feature allows you to examine a

flicker across

and the challenge of designing new

particular pattern at length without

will evolve create a fascinating smdy

disturbing its subsequent evolution. order to study the

you are a speed demon, you may de

53280,0

53281,0'EEYF

GOSUB

SYS

49397:K=0:S=0'DLGD

A$:IF A$="" C+K,N0T(A

THEN AND

300'KWOJ

AND

110

1)'NWFN 50

150'HPLI

THEN

Cyndic

this

.Merten's

program

will

article.

provide a

powerful new loo! for exploring ibis game.

A$=CHR$(29)

THEN

POKE

THEN

D=l

C+K,S

150'GMEJ

AS=CHRS(157)

THEN

D=-l

150'HNTL

:G0SUB 150'HORC IF A$=CHR$(32) THEN :G0SUB

AS=CHR$(42)

:G0SUB

think

IF AS=CHR$(17) THEN D=40 :G0SUB 150'GNCL 100 IF A$=CHR$(145) THEN D=-4B

A=PEEK(C+K) 1)

thai

GET

patterns

computer screen

210'HOEJ

:G0SUB

the

patterns and understanding how they

A$=CHR${13)

:G0SUB

:P0KE

:GOTO

Fast Life

THEN

evolving

dled

mil "Kow lo lit ihc Magazine Entry Progrjm."

PEEK(49152) O169

There is a lot to like about Life: ihe

beautiful,

an evolution in

Htlnri' I) piiifi ihK jiroijr.im. rcjil "lion u> tiut

PEEK(49580)O96

You may then simply RUN the pro gram to play again.

for the mathematical 1> minded, ['or readers whose interest in Life was kin

lete lines 240-260 to make the pro

key. To end the

You can even "single-step" through

placed BASIC programming with ma-

:P0KE

may pause during this evolution by

gram to your liking by adjusting the

changes in a pattern in great detail, it'

W=51968:C=55296:POKE

cursor, and ihen use the aslcrisk ke\

You can adjust the speed of the pro

ations. I, therefore, modified Cyndie's program for [he 64. Because 1 re

Tb play Life, simply load and run

iui organism because of over

from isolation, ,i. An empty space (cell) with ex actly three neighboring orga

For example, a pattern thai

evolves off the top of the screen will

S=1:D=1

S=0:D=1

150'HPJD

120

GOTO

40'BCLW

150

POKE

OK,S:K = K+D: IF

K>999

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

113

PROGRAMMERS'TIPS/LIFE THEN K=K-D"LSEL S=PEEK{C+K):RETURN'EGYF

1220

160 210

SYS

49250'BFLX

1230

220

SYS

49152'BFMY

240

FOR

1=0

250

GET

AS:IF

260

GET

100:NEXT'EGGD

1240

A$OCHRS(32)

THEN

ASOCHR$(13)

THEN

1250

K=49152

997 998

REM REM

*'BBJT * DATA

999

REM

*'BBJV

:POKE

1000

DATA

49580:READ

L270

DATA

1280

DATA

1290

ROUTINES

DATA

1300

*'BTUA

169,39,133,253,169,0,133,

1310

DATA

1320

DATA

169,216,133,255,169,0,141,

1330

DATA

192,169,203,141,37,192,160,

1340

DATA

1080

DATA

177,254,41,15,240,11,160,

1350

190,90,192,254,26,207,136,

1360

247,238,36,192,208,3,238,

DATA

192,198,253,16,18,169,39, 253,24,173,36,192,105,2, 36,192,144,3,238,37,192,

254,208,2,230,255,165,254,

232,208,195,165,255,201,219,

DATA

189,96,0,1,2,42,44,84'BVXY

1120

DATA

85,86,169,0,141,111,192,

1130

DATA

1140

DATA

1150

169'BCXB

254,169,216,13 3,2 5 5,169,0,

DATA

252,169,4,133,253,160,0,

DATA

0,145,2 54,169,81,14 5,252,

DATA

2 52,208,2,2 30,253,230,254,

DATA

2,2 30,2 5 5,16 5,254,201,232,

DATA

2 3 0,165,255,201,219,208,2 24, 1,133,251,96,160,1,24,

DATA

1380

185" BAG I DATA 0,20 3,121,26,207,153,26,

1390

DATA

1400

DATA

207' BCUJ 24,18 5,68,207,121,4 2,203,

153'

BDIK

42,203,200,192,41,208,231,

169' BEVD 25,13 3,253,16 9,42,13 3,2 54,

1410

DATA

1420

169" BENE DATA 203,13 3,25 5,160,0,24,17 7,

1430

DATA

254' BDEE

208'BGKA

1110

DATA

2 01,219,208,182,96,169,0, BDPB

1370

201'BEZI

1100

165,254,201,232,208,188,165,

169' BGHI

230'BCQG DATA

DATA

208' BEVH

141'BCFF

1090

172,192,230,254,20 8,2,230,

208' BEVG

133'BDCF 1070

DATA

230' BDLE

37'BCBD 1060

105,2,141,171,192,144,3,

169" BCMD

16'BDRC 1050

DATA

133' BELD

7'BBEB 1040

169,39,13 3,25 3,24,17 3,171,

255' BGNK

0'BDJA 1030

DATA

133' ML

3,238,172,192,198,253,16,

255' BEAJ

36'BDQY 1020

DATA

2381 BCDH

K,M:NEXT:RETURN'HTMG

FOR

3,152,14 5,2 5 4,238,171,19 2,

192' BEQ.H

254'BDUX 1010

DATA

18'BCAF 1260

15,208,9,16 5,251,14 5,2 54,

208' BEJF

260'GMDI

FOR

DATA

208' BDRD

270 SYS 49298:GOTO 210'CJEG 297 REM *'8BJM 298.REM * SUBROUTINE TO LOAD ML *'BUDT 299 REM *'BBJO 300 PRINT"[CLEAR,DOWN5,RIGHT8] LOADING MACHINE LANGUAGE" ' SAVE1 310

19,201,3,208,12,177,254,

41'BBFC

270'GMFH

AS:IF

DATA

16 0,40,113,254,14 5,2 54,16 0,

41'BETG 1440

DATA

24,17 7,254,16 0,1,113,254,

145' BDHG

203,141,112,192,162,0,142,

1450

DATA

112'BEAE DATA 192,173,111,192,201,110,203,

1460

254' BEDI DATA 144,2,2 30,255,19 8,25 3,20 8,

1470

DATA

1160

238'BGUF DATA 173,112,192,201,207,208,231,

165'BGVG

1480

DATA

1170

DATA

1490

1180

230'BDQG DATA 251,96,169,39,133,253,169,

185' BDIK DATA 0,203,160,1,121,26,207,

1500

DATA

1190

0 ' BCCH DATA 133,254,169,216,133,255,169, 43'BFQJ

1510

40'BCLD DATA 121,4 2,203,153,4 2,203,160,

1200

DATA

1520

DATA

1210

192'BGFB DATA 160,0,173,69,207,201,2, 240'BBXB

1530

110'BEED

114

207,238,111,192,208,3,238,

219' BELJ 24,173,0,203,160,40,121,

26 'BEPJ

251,201,15,208,2,134,251,

207,153,26,207,160,41,24,

153' BBNL 26,207,24,173,68,207,160,

41'BDNE

141,171,192,169,203,141,172,

MARCH/APRIL'86

254,24,16 5,2 54,105,42,13 3,

24,185,68,207,160,1,121,

42'BBGF DATA

203,153,42,203,96'BRCE

EHD

111 Ci M)ll

PROGRAMMERS' TIPS Multicolor Pie

Graphs

\u\

Ml I'll Y mi

\mi.i1

S .SARAH MEVI-R

Drawingpie graphs on a Commodore 64 or VIC 20 requires detailed machine-

for the Commodore

level knowledge. But

128, Plus/4,

with BASIC 3-5 orA

Commodore 16

7.0; such tasks

c of ilic outstanding features of the new BASIC versions used by the

Commodore 128. Plus/4 and Commo dore

\ii»i

16 computers is ihcir graphics

capabilities. In ihis article, we use some of these powerful commands to

are accessible to programmers

at all levels.

draw pic graplis. A pic graph (or circle graph) shows the relative sizes of vari ous pieces of some whole, The pro gram in tliis article can he used io dis

play many types of data in the form of pie graphs. A pic graph tan In.' used, for exam ple, io slum- how your momhlj

25%) of your total income of S 100.

pui for ihc example looks like this:

So, on the pie graph, the slice that rep

TITLE OF P1B GRAPi I? EXPENSES NUMBER OV DIVISIONS? t AMOUNT IN DIVISION I ? mo TITLI FOR DIVISION I ?RF.NT

resents your rent is 1VA, of the pic-. To draw

the

pie

graph

hand,

you

would need to calculate the percent age tor each category and convert it

AMI >l NT IN DIVISION 1 ?48

into a slice.

nil.i

FOR DIVISION 1 'FOOD

come is spent. The whole pie repre sents your total income for the month. Each slice represents the amount

based

enter.

'I Till

When you run the program, it first

FOR DIVISION 3? GAMES

AMOI

spent on one item. For example.-, sup

asks for a title lor the graph. Then you

NT IN DIVISION i f 100

pose you make 6400 in a month, and

cnier the number of slices in your pic

TITLI FOR DIVISION i 'TAXES AMOI NT IN DIVISIONS {12

your expenses arc:

This program draws the pic graph on

the

numbers

AMOt NT IN DIVISION 5 rso

(NUMBER OF DIVISIONS), flic pro

TITLI for division s:- Dot;

Item MOO

gram can handle i\p 10 leu slices. In

The legend beneath the graph is

FoodS 18

the preceding example, there are live.

Computer Games S no

For each of the .slices, you enter the

TaxesS100

amount of the expense (AMOUNT IN

slices and shows the percentage calcu lated for each slice. When you finish

DIVISION), and the name of [he ex

viewing the graph, pass am

pense (TITLE FOR DIVISION). The- in-

return to BASIC.

Dog S 72 Your mil of sum is one Fourth (or

Before typing tbIs program, rcsul "lion in Enter Programs,"

Multicolor l'ie Graphs 10

DIM

2G 30

CISAPHIC 4,1 COLOR 3,1,0

P(10),TT§(10)

40 PRINT"TITLE OF PIE GRAPH";:INPUT 50 T$=LEFTS(T$,40):X=20-LEN(T$)/2 60

CHAR

PRINT"NUMBER OF

3,X,2,T$

DIVISIONS";:INPUT

80 IF N>10 OR N<1 THEN 70 90 T=0:FOR 1=1 TO N 100 PRINT"AMOUNT IN DIVISION";I; IINPUT

P(I):IF

THEN

100

DRAW

190

A = 0:fPOR

200

CIRCLE

210

X=RDOT(0):V=RDOT(1)

220

DRAW

3,75,87

230

C=(C

240

COLOR

250

XM=X1+(X-X1J/2:YM=Yl+(Y-Yl)/2

260 270

1=1

XI, Yl

3,75,87,28,56,A,A+P(I)

3JAND

280

PAINT

290 300

BOX C,CX*4,CY*8,CX*4+3,CY*8+7,,1 CHAR 3,CX42,CY,TT$(I)+LEFTS(STR$ |P(I}*100/360) ,4)+"%"

C,XM,YM,1

130

10) T=T + P (I) :NEXT

310 CY=CY+1:IF CY>24 320

A=A+P(I)

140

FOR

330

X1=X:Y1=Y

TO N:P(I)=(P{I)/T)*360

150

GRAPHIC

3:CX=1:CY=20

160

X1=7S:Y1=31

:XM=(XM-7 5)/2:YM=(YM-87)/2 IF P(I)<=1S0 THEN XM=75+XM :YM=87+YM IF P{I)>180 THEN XM=75-XM:YM=87-YM

TTS(I)=LEFTS(TT$(I)+"[SPACE10]",

:NEXT

AND

C, 1 + 1,5

120

TT$ (I)

X,Y

N0T(C

PRINT"TITLE

1=1

DIVISION";!;

C=l

180

3,75,87

key io

Continued

170

110

: INPUT

FOR

P(I)<0

color-coded to match the appropriate

340

350

GET

KEY

THEN

K£:GRAPHIC

CY=20:CX=21

0:COLOR

1,1,0 END

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

115

COMMODORE 64 Great Software

PROGRAMMERS' TIPS line between the center of the circle

and the lop of the circle. The begin

Buys! New/Brain Gamo* No. 1

ii, in,','"Slock Market". "Clly Manager". "Wurdhcmil". "Civil Banjos" ond many moro lurt Brain Game]

tnn

(12HugePrograml) 'li.Hi

New! Adventure No. 1 Includes. "Gladiaror". "Trip lo Alianlii". "Merlyn" ond many more Advenlure Com«.

(13 Hugs Progtomt) '1 2.95 Beit of Gamei No. 1

Indudes. "Foolboll' 'Hoicball 6i". 'Hockey" "Mattermind". "Spot? Invader)" mony more OverSGgomos.

(2Dl>kS«t!) '17.95

The Program

ning angle for the first arc is set to

Multicolor graphics mode is used to draw the pic graph. In high-resolution mode, the outline could lie drawn, but

zero in line 190. This line also starts

the FOR-NBXT loop thai draws each slice.

it would be Impossible to give each

To begin drawing a slice, line 200

slice its own color. A split screen is used to allow room for user input be

draws an arc. Each arc starts at the

low ihc graphing area. More informa tion on all the graphics modes can be (bund in

The Programmer's Refer

end of the previous arc and continues for tlie number of degrees in the slice, Line 210 retrieves the ending coordi nates of the arc. Line 220 draws a di

ence Guide for the Commodore Plus/

vision line between the center of the

Ovor 50 songs and sounds. EKCollonl sound

4 by C. Mcrten and S. Meyer, and The

circle and the end of this arc, which

Programmer's Reference

completes the outline for this slice.

Las Vegas No. 1

the Commodore 16 by S. Meyer and

Awesomo Synthetltar Soundi No. 1

Ovor 20 Las Vegas Games, Poker RtjulflMe, lai Vegas Slots

Blackjack

oic.

Groat Dhki *T2.95 Miner Oiiki 1-1

Muiic. Bujinflii'Uiiliiie*. Gornm. Education and more- PImsc specify di&h numhor 1 o' 2 program,.

fae|l .9.95

We think you'll agree that th&*e programs are the Beit! Sand Check or MonsyOrdvr lo:

PAINT a slice is alternated between I

Scott, Foresman and Co, Also see Commodore's Cotfimodore 128 Pro-

and 2. This i> done Hi help miuimi/e

grammar's Reference Guide. The program is divided Into several

visions. In line 2)0. the color to be

Merten.

Both are

sections. Lines enter

10-30 dimension ar

multicolor

split-screen

Albion, NE6B620

Public Oomein Software

Com mode re 64T** ii a trademark of Ccmmodofo Elaclronici LTD.

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Developed by a physidsn and a psychologist, CIIIl.DI'ACR helps you evaluate and record

used for the current slice is set.

Coordinates of a point inside the slice

must

accompany

the

PAINT

graph outline. The user input is ac

cepted in lines 40-130. Lines [40-190

Flrsi the midpoint of the line that con

prepare to draw the graph and the ley-

nects the two ends of the are is found.

end.

Then

For each

slice,

lines

200-220

draw the outline, and lines 230-280 CHILD DEVELOPMEM EXPERT

the amount of "bleeding" between di

command. Lines 250 through 2~O cal culate ihe coordinates of such a point.

mode, and set up the color for the pie-

GSR Software Co. 538 S. 2nd St.

In line 2.^0, the color source used to

published by

rays,

Add £2.00 shipping/handling.

Guide for

the midpoint of the line be

tween that point and the center is

fill in the color. The legend is written

found. This point is usable when the

in lines 290 and 300, and then lines J1O-34OBel up tor the next slice.

number of degrees in the slice is less than IKO. However, if the number of

To ensure that the title fits on one line, the first statement in line t() al

degrees is greater than 180. the oppo

lows only the first ■(<) characters to be

site poini must be used. The division lines and arc are the boundaries lor

used. The second Statement calculates

the

the starting position lor the line so

PAINT

command

line

2H0.

Sometimes the l'AI\T coordinates fall directly on one of the division lines,

your child's language, social and motor skill

that it is centered on the screen. Error

devefopnianl from 3 [moths to five years com

checking is performed in lines HO and

and the slice is not colored in. This

100. Line 120 makes the name of the

happens When a slice is either hall the

slice exactly ten characters long, by

pie. or very small.

pared lo recognized norms in each BIBS. At $99.95, CKLDPACE is a wise invastment in your chDd's fulure...and your peace o( mind.

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inieruiink ft [MC ontyl

Signature:

characters. The numbers input for each slice-

plots the name of this slice and (he percentage of the pic contained in it.

line 130, Then, in line 1-fO the pro

Line .Mi) sets the coordinates of the

portion for each slice is calculated.

legend entry for the nexl slice. Line

The proportion is multiplied by the

MARCH/APRIL'86

.^20sets the starling angle for ihe next

360 degrees of a circle 10 gel the num

arc, ami line 330 saves the endpolnt

ber of degrees in the slice.

coordinates of the current are as the

Line 150 enters full-screen multi color mode and sets up the coordi

starting coordinates of the next are. Then line 340 begins the next slice.

bottom of the graph. An arc is drawn

The pie graph is now complete \\ hen you are finished looking ai it, press a

for each slice. The coordinates of the

key, and line 350 returns you to stan

point for the beginning of the first arc

dard text mode.

are set to the lop of the circle, directly

above its center, In line 160. The color

source for PAINTIng is initialized to 1 (foreground) In line 170.

Line 116

Line 2l)0 draws a colored BOX in the same color as the slice. Line .M)0

arc added to get the total for the pie in

nates to be used for the legend at the

City D Apple □ Commodore

AfflOUOl

either adding spaces or deleting extra

1HO draws the first division

Drawing pie graphs on a Commo

dore di or VIC 20 requires detailed machine-level knowledge. Iku with BASIC 3-5 or ~,0. such tasks are acces

sible to programmers at all levels.

DISCOVERY LEARNING

COOL STACK

Coniinuedfrom pg. <>>)

that were designed to help develop

music to liven things up.

reading skills: "Utah" and "Broadway"

Lawler added the ability to control sprites individually by typing in com

(the first deals with animal names and

the second with transportation ). I would like to emphasize here that

mands like UP anil DOWN, which al

lowed his daughter to make Beach-

the sky is the limit. However, most

world different

parenta/teachera will probably want

simplified versions,

to stick to the typical preschool cur

name is typed, it appears and moves

riculum

you

off in a preset heading and velocity.

might want to teach simple counting

Our sprites continue this way for as

from I to 20. Or you might be inter

long as the program is running. The

ested in helping your child learn to

end result in "Hroadway," for exam

recognize nil

ple, is a bustling two-way thorough

areas.

For

example,

DESIGNED FOR USE WITH COMMODORE 1541 DISK DRIVES

every

time.

when a sprite's

PATENT ("ENDING

COOf. STACK 13 a iluvico thiil ollowa you to slack

fare lined by tall buildings. There arc

your t541's wllhoul laarof overrunning Highly ollhcleni dnsign olfcctiwoly cooto two 1JNV03 usina ana (an. This syslom allows Dullur wlli/nllon ot Hid limited space a^ailablo on most computer deaks (Filter included]

mlcroworlds were developed using

all sorts of wheeled

COOL SMCK is built to lasl anu priced al only

rather long names with uncommon

truck, hike), air vehicles (airplane,

letters.

balloon), and even a couple ofWater

why

their letters, which is

the "lUnh" and

"Broadway"

You COllld also develop :i microWOrld

where

could

vehicles (sailing ship and submarine )

learn

just for fun. The easiest way to use

about classes of words such as nouns,

'"Broadway" is to give the child cue

verbs,

cards with

and

children

vehicles (car,

adjectives.

Microworlds

the

vehicle

names

169 0!)

Protect your investment from damaging final! Uso COOL STACK Visa. Mastercard. Chock, or Manny Older

Georgia residonts add 3% sales tti Shipping and handling wilhin US add S50Q Canadian orders in US dollars only Shipping and handling to Canada S2 00 plus applicable freight charges

could teach body parts, properties of

them, so they can use these to find

Test data available on request

(bur-dimensional

the letters on the keyboard.

Commodore 1W1 is a trademark ol Commodore

space

(up,

down,

right, left), kinds of transportation,

Microcomputers as learning tools

and classes of animals. The only limi

are unique because they allow a type

tation is your imagination.

of discovery learning that young chil

Third,

draw

the

background

for

where. They can be used to support

as it lends realism to the world you

young children's built-in exploratory

are constructing. On page A-66 of the

investigative nature, chiefly through

LOGO manual, there is a nifty little

the creation of microworlds, where

drawing program that uses the turtle

children can explore, exercise free

;ind

dom of choice, and have control over

comands

draw. It is very last and a lot of fun!

activities, albeit

You will need to type it in and save it

boundaries.

to use it again and again.

within

Fourth, begin designing and saving most time-

consuming part) with the sprite edi

worlds as electronic

COMMODORE 64

fit a specific content area. They are intrinsically of" interest to young chil

puter graph paper窶馬ot a very diffi

to discover)'; something no child can

cult Task. Commodore's LOGO for the 6-i allows you to create seven sprites

resist. They are motivating to young children because they offer freedom

that conform to just about any shape

and control. They are good for young

you desire.

children

microworlds

have

because

they

contain

the

dolphins, horses, trucks, planes, but

conceptual

terflies, and sailing .ships.

masonry

necessary to orient each sprite to the

children

screen, give it a heading, velocity, col

video games because they offer more

or, and so on. Finally, save all the nec

than

essary

eye-hand coordination. Finally, they

Fifth, write the other programs

together under

one self-starling procedure name (see the LOGO manual, page A-122) so up the micro-

mortar for

that

will

Intellectual

be invaluable

them later. They are better for young than drill-and-practice or

correct

answers or enhanced

are relevant because they make good

the microcomputer's promise to rev olutionize personal education.

world by typing in one simple com

mand (READ "UTAH")- Later on you add

THE EPSON CONNECTION:

sandboxes or

dren because they oiler an open door

can go back and

MERDYNE PUBLISHERS

blocks that have been tailor-made to

blocks on an imaginary piece of com

your child can start

THE EPSON LIBRARY FROM

determined

tor. Essentially you will be filling in

procedures

BO. BOI 6S2-SNELLVIUE. GEOflCU 10!JII-1019!$eill

You might think of these micro-

your sprite shapes (the

Our

CarboTeECH

dren usually cannot experience else

your microworld. This is important,

some single-key

Business Machines Call or write loday AC 40i.9?96124

color to the

Daniel D. Shade is professor of child development at Southeast Missouri

background, learn how to use the tur

State University in Cape Girardeau.

tle for an eighth sprite, and even add

Missouri.

Round out your 64 Into a powerful

system

help

you

manage

your

household, succeed in school and be more effective on the job. Step-bystep. non-technical guidance.

(L.E.Zeltz

$16.95)

Professional Writing & Word Processing with your Commodore 64 and EPSON. (E. Duong

S16.95)

EPSON PC & Printer Guide lor

Personal Financial Planning.

(Oaks $19.95) EPSON Printers: Tips & Secrels (Darnall & Corner

$16.95)

LOOK FOR THE EPSON LIBRARY AT YOUR EPSON DEALER, LOCAL BOOKSTORE FROM

YOU

CAN

ORDER

Merdyre Publishers. Inc. 134 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10010

212/255-8448. TELEX MERDYN

COMMODORF UICROCOUPUH-R

117

USER GROUPS Commodore user groups nationwide and around the world provide invaluable assistance to Commodore computer:sts If you are looking for people who share youi computing interests, or if you need help getting started with you coinputet, contact the group near you This list is compiled from groups who responded to a survey conducted by Pete fiaczor. Commodores user gioup coordinator If you would like your group to appear here. 01 if you need information about Commodoie's user aroup support, contact Pete at Commodore Business Machines. 1200 Wilson Drive, West Chester. PA 193B0 ALABAMA

CALIFORNIA

Birmingham

AhHWfW

Peninsula Commodure

PO Eo> 1277— 917DJ

Computer Club Hnny Jones

-1945 Avenue V Lot 7-B—35208 Eniflipfun vvmujr.-tf.K Miao-Coaipuiai Society

d Pas-idpiu Cd n modem? Com putoi Club

Htnla McDjnald PO Do* 1163-51006

William El B:own 109 Knv Bund Rd

30330

AuliUEii Commodore Pal Suub

Tom Wyait

11210 Mira Loma Dr —S&KQ

SSG8-H Hurt Maison—36603 Pjiison

Cal I'oly Coniniodori? iinpm

Commodore C1ul>— South

OrQup

William J Fronmim

David Dii'iz»'l

PO Bon 324-3512G

14617^ J^amon,! Ulvd —91706

luciuird Rirtan

FcbWL Johnson

Ri 5. Box 2E6—3&7M

MWI Bayou Avo -^0706

Uscm Group

Uoyl l'--/i ui.in

BIO CnnTlold Way SW—T7W 1 Kl AJ-i'-k-i 04 Ccnimotlaic Compute! L'luh

Uau(i Uunnon

P O Fox £043—99W2 Katehlitan Fust City UrnctF- Gtcup Jjm LJiino1!! PO BoxG0tl2- D99O1 Giika

Hutoi CammodoHi Uhh (jiuulj

PO Bo*22M-»83fi

Cennnodcie L"5^r g GiCjp Tom Lynch 21208 KuhvtiLo—91311

P&TonihaAIft

U of NtFW U;jvi"|] Miciocfhiri[iut-fc

SnikOitsi 64s

Club

Curtis J Millm

Mb Grcatluln" Di —94132

W McConn^hy

091 W 9-Ji #J03—93B12 Did bio VdUey CommcxJore Dean Sleichen PO

Box 2715ft—94520

C Tfch Uieis oi Oiangc Coun'y

Kuiiif] Uiiy Oomnwdoce oi U.s'ifji Crnup

PO Ho* 1497—S262fl

PO Box3l93-0Zt)73

Uhht Oioijp

U5(?:5 Gioup 333 E Bobles Awe—96407-7925

Pocky Mour.lain Cocnjiiodoiir Club

i..'!'i : "■ ■ ilir11■ ■■ L

Ralph D'Andlea

1S5 Fro ill St. Suits 106— 9452S

PO E*nx4142

■Jteit (itoup 733 N

Club

PALS

PO Box345O&-85067

Jo Johnson

UmxsGp JelfTylor

Ssn Luis Obispo Commodon? Comp Cl

Cnmputur Club VI.l.i 1

Hrnda Cuy

11614 Bed Dop Rmd-^R9E9

Qrijinvn B(twIlii Davu stmo!—7K032

'"JuidoUiIillri Cainawdai UhhIJI (iT<?Up

i mourn

Fullrm Si

93023

OKnuid CH/LC64 Nuthun Okum i?n J IlU vy I"

PO 00x212—06810

MiKT'initH L" Lil Akii" n^C ™mrnn ^~JJUJIJ r«l 1 LI |.

1 ttsaauna

P C A C C. Brian Klotz

limOp

Ii35Cd(Dnet Ave —91107

Noitltnrn CT CnnLinodotii Club Mike Lovbsque

Cammodoifl EEut computec

Ubviv Oiyup Emm Juiiiin

itibUS Uignlow Hci -Wi4/ MytUo CIMUacra Uioup ol Now Lanilon Efltca

57 Fiahtown Ln —OG355 Stan-.fotd CommodorO U5CL5 GtOUp Sun CieineJ PO Bon 13T7—06WZ

11B

MARCH/APRIL'86

Cocoa

P O Box MB—32922-Q54a

PO B<«3—32540 Brnweid ComrnodotB U^FE!I Glf.LJf)

U.-WI5 Horn P.O. Poit 2B7M- 33320

OrOUp John Zoiglcr

VICTIM Heartland Uier Gioup—

LsSttfand

PO Boj( 32G—32778 Zepliythlll

Randall Lipham

East Tasco Commodoio

PO Box 91£—33fl4O

\Jsett Group PJ Biydwi

GfliTisvdJe CcEnir.wloEe LTnorA Group M Diow Hurluy

GEORGIA

PO Box H7t6-32604

Albany AlOany CBM Ani.nii"i

Jucksonville

Out

David L Via

POB™ 54G1—31706

JayS HuebiKr Unjvtssity ol Nath. Roiida— 32216

UIC-iini5

V1C/&4 Hsartkjid Uwis- Temirt Tftin Koougli

PO 00*4670^—323413

BnuwwiCfe

R Curtivt

Jim Moore Tamarac

Lull

Hampton

Gitg Burns 315 N

Hails Htll Paid—WttlS

3Miible3t —06032

64'20 Gluh

UomrnwIoiij/l'fTUi.jin Club

CoJcEunUi

L nl i1.' Id

ARKANSAS

Conway

CONNECTICUT

I'O Box bijijJ—OGOIU

Cf4 LlHdrA Gtd'jp

ibtHjinlin

3J71 a M,,m,.m ft -65730

61602

lUiCtonl County Commuiloih

176G Wh Su«i—93402

Cululinri CoTnmodolo

]0H AnglewMd Di —33SI! Clearwatei

Eaton Park

KenneitiH Hctirt

P O Box 179&-05G3G

Tucoon.

Fi WtiJtun Bncli Cummitdoi"

lAik" Sirlinokif

UseiGp.

Los Osos

Sanibet C^mmodOEV VIC

Usivc Gioup

Ddiifjliejly

UNFCo.T!n;odo:eComputi

Ltsln? A Pubaiis

Thundei Mountain Commodoio

,i.|. )1. i

C-uhi(iij[*"E UhHrn (iniu|i

Ridqewood BLvd — 90030

Bian<Jori

1532 Lemon ffiiwfr-335ie !

Grund Juncuon

Kenl E Dav^;

33324 R ... :-

Uaty B Gould

EMODElmUt f6078-rBK3l

904 W Mdilboiu Cir — Bb2Z4

HoUywovd CotzililwJueu

1360 sw H2nd Tpi Ap: #62&—

C3a«wai« Oobuj»Aho Club

PO Box 377—aiBtf

Western Slope Commodore

Moll/wood

Ken Pmtiidge

Bradenlon

f'.nil A

Hj)yo« MllclmlJ

Danville

Suburban 64 U&crs Group

Gerald Klunczak

VISE 3bth Aw Dc — 33=Oa

COLORADO

O-bbiv Johnston

PO Box 3533—326OC PEaniauon

CHIPS Ifseis Gioup

Users Oioup

Rivi McCnnEi

U&ei* Oioup

P!u-rn* AriniELa CornmoJuf-?

FLORIDA

:.'..,::.,■ ■/,., Commadiqe

2329 CilQiivfl Ut —95204

1 '

CuiTirnrjthjTf {ItMti Groupi ill Peiisaccla

PO Bo* 3OT3—33825

tl.irty Pftkni'i

Commodojo Adviinififli* PO Bok ltWyf>-32523

Nuv-dik CummodoEe Users

210 DuiHoDt—19711

Santa Hosa Contmotct c G4

Ptn&cioola D^annfl Owens

PO Bn* 0^2—19943

Soli Tdyloi

P O Box 406- 3040G 0406

Danv^la UflSi GrOUi'

PI 1. Bo* 34—H5M1

Michael Biiller

N^^iik

-l237Plu[n«mCi- S345&

Thcmfi^ Monson

FhosdB

PO Box 3167—32401

DuLiEiond Suit Useis Group

CeniiaJ Coast Commodore

I'mmrno City Day Corntnodory LJitn L1euh|] Uoufl Schipcill

hellun

CU[^[(1E1O

22355 Rdncho Ventura—9S014

PuuIR Micrmtn

Avo.—OG'jIG DELAWARE

li Slc^onson

Clwndlei

GiJn H.tck^ts

2419 US 19 Nonh—33&G3

Uo( Nnw Elflvnn SOOOhickjo

Stockton Commodoro

Fr«Bno64U5HE9

P O Bon 732fi -3ZB54 EJalm Mas hoi

Uoln Lowo

StOCfctiM

Marvin Vandcr Keel

CRottt

Wirst Haven

San Francisco

Avon Park

AMZONA

Amunn VJC & C4 Uwib

PO Box 1213-^36497

Dan CaniEity'Li

Sjiji Fetnando Vafey

Calg.iry O!!-!!.'.!^

S43 Did County Rd —^4070

CummcKiofc) W Wiki!

Club 64

Calgary

Thuiman Lawson

Srllllil MOElLfrl

ScntL'.lxifii C M UttM' Oruup

ALASKA

Dan Kern-Ekins

OiLbfJT V Vn!n

BenBotva

ScolLtboco

Uee:s Group

Timothy Aveiy

S'inta M^rla

Baldwin Pdth

Cential Floiida Commodoje

diallfwil

Joed M GnJJugu

ConimodOLt) CluJj Hi Mohik:-

Orlando

Commodore Ubbj Group ol

Bnn YtLrim

Aubuin Computer Club

MobLlu

BttMlonf

San Carlos

Goklfln lfll» Commoiloii Ur.niu F*i chard |_ young

MacDil AFB Stiiiili Ti^ETipa Commcdofe 64 Rcinndd S Cleinent

Collogp Park

736FSecond Dr—33621

COnjmodoTfl Foimat Giey^iy Young

Miami

2^04 Ounp Cieck i^wy —3Q337

Miami 2064

Jim Luftman 12^11 SW 49[ti S1

Morrow ■

33175

Noillt Mil "tit BoiCh CornmotlorFi L^ducatois Vsvi

fii(nip>—Hrxth

CCC ft4 UQ

U&vio: Poduu PO Box B42 -3U2GO QaktwDod

Hubert ^igueEoa

NE Goort;ia Commcdota

16330 HE 2nd Avfi —33162

Useis Group Rar.ndy Shulot

Ocalfl Tri-County Commodoie Useis Grou[> Don Vandervcnter PO

Bim tIftl —■ 32671

Route #2. Bon 226-30&*

USER GROUPS Rittrfife

INDIANA

Clayion County CFtf Ujh-js C-ioup Joyce Jny

h?.7 Wontiyn Way- 30274 SUma Mnunuun Atlanta C«4 Usof* Gioup Ronald LtsosJu 17fi7Dl(;VallfiyUnfr-30nai

Fmrik Nicholiw 11310W Ciof^tnwn Kfl—

47201 VIC [ndy Club

Coftu: d'Atera Oompulet Club Gaiy Edwards

EO6 Luncelord Ln —03014 OEangovstte Gr-imjeville IIS CatnpiKHT Club :. } .

. l .: ; i :

910S

V Su«l-83&30

[driho Falls Earjtt frocfc CoErunodoic Computer fZud

ftichflrilM BtfbMW 60T.0E «Hh St —-1G902

Uri*nx Gruup

Roan Indelicsto

BrlvtoMe

20 Pntilck Un»—47906

Call Biji[(S5 PO Be* 1G5S—617(12 J058

Canion Ai^a Commwkus Users Group Spoon fliv*-i Cotlerj*. RB J\—

BtBSQ

IOWA Commodore Compuini Uwit g|

Champdign Uibana Commodore

Capita] Cotnplox CommodorA

Randy Foji

195 Olive St -61403

Nick Form lti-lfJi BnWftH

flftfliS*

W,il^[|i>i Aehj CunimoiloTp Ctutt

945 Lowd—50702

PO Box46464—60640 Monrnouth

W^ietn QJlnolB CommwlOEO USms Group JlubuH (Jokel BOG W 6th Ave

611G2

Conunodoirr UJ«B ol Paorta Jed Martin tRCOW Devtiieux—G1U14 RQcklord

Computer Club KHLh" Heyei 2bO7 Pnihom Hd —611Q7

Scmt AFB iiCCHConiuut'rr Uhhes Qtoup

Bill EaidJey

U d Mich —mm

PO Boi 393—6«93

Bay City

MONTANA

16 West wood—0-iO7fl Jim GilHui ion N Johnson St —;e7M

You^ CommodoEo Uu'rs Group MlkD PlOClJWP

Clare

1*0 Box 611—O4O9?

Mid Michigan Commodore Club

Aliprdwh

W*s«>rn Montana Commodore Call Wliiio B«)Kcns!nglon A«e—69801 NEBRASKA

—48617

Alltanee

Bui Dctioii

M ichnjiin Com-iioclMa 64 Usei

Aliiflnce CommodMfi Compiler

Oioup Inc

Club

Chuck CiedEiga

M seat!

1629 Bois?—69301

Ruiirr-vn.- Aioa CommodoiD

Genng

Madison Heighia

! »'■.

!!...

UGm CilOUp

I--t LJ Barton

PO Rue 1693-21203

1712 Al^miiri ftti

— 2.173A

FaDston P 0 Hot 2041—t7bO4 Cocnnwdmt u^is Cituup of Wkchitfl, ]nc

Rt #] Btt HC

671«

Hiii foid County CommofiDrc Ufipis Group

Ku:i Uoyc] PO Boj.209—2J04';

Fiodiirick FiinciioitiiHU UWI^IIUl^ JTL <Jil uLrLJIIMI J

lOBKvy Pkwy—21701

KENTUCKY

Hagorstown L'aere Group Group

Pauick Klrtlay PG Ruj. if.S

^COtvi

Moskaw

Jim Paiks

17M O'Sl—C9341

Ml !. Ill !

CfjmmoilotH CnrnputDf Club Juck vvalley 4\Qf> Weai Man Rd —^8*0

Lincoln

Con^puiej Powet Unltmtled Robeil. Hqwdtc!

David J Hiinitillli 240 Jutfocnon S( —2{XJbl)

11203 Tuck TkmsflCi --206M

Sievo Ennlarjfl HiKrkv i U<>VICV(j1 Lliierc Orou[f

Tom Poun<ln P.O B<rr. SBOti— 20Bbfi Silvec Kprlii(;fl

Heniflomsry Criimty Corntrindajo Soc

PO Dox &M4-2Q906

Matairio

Six:y Four Vm Users' Group Elizabeth S Motrm^n

131? Stockton St—70001

Sunland

rjjOl |m>|/4, [>[

70127

WLlJinmHIJiuE 2074b

UASSACHUSETT3

tatted HnyttaHm Commodoie Usb/o Group

Bill Waikt-z

Fred Whuo

99 Ann—70663

Lee Sctiram

4011 W Ctiartesmn Kvd — satos

i!401 Hiv<>[ivm'ii 1>E —&C311) lledwoud Fall.i

C-&1 U S E H S. p o itoi Mas-rase?

243 K 2ndSi-5G2B3

Useis Group Paul Rule m

MISSISSIPPI

BFD #1 Route 10—03470

ruin

Gull COhire C(jrnETicdoEL. Club

Mark W Maivoy 4660 IN Heach Eilvd —^9b31 Conttrodal Coidimjuh Club

NEW JEBSEY

ACGNJ PETWt&CBU Useis Gtonp Jo!iij;jii M rvlkn 30 ill vmview Tgi—08502 Cherry Hi!l Soutli JWtfly Commodore Users Group

MISSOURI

t-f

rie>l rlermran

PO Box 4205—08034

HeHrtlarnt Users Group

129S Lonmei #7-64701 Goldun

MOA^K Ciunmodum Users

FTCU

John Rinaldi 1M StiiEliinr Av*» — 07728 Moiris Plains

■ ]r . l;.

Morris A:ea Commixioie

Rnyihtfon Co —GRAfi—017730

Robert J Searing JophnConnnodojeCorapuis.

Uwr Oroup

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Ran Scrhilling

John Ructy

Sulphur

SoulhwM LA LJavjs' Giouji

KC<J CominoiJcje Usets Gioup

TtxwI

Edison CommMiore Users Grnu[> 1311 OkIoecJ De

l.oil!e(M UritJi Iri'i'.iiui"

Us Vegas

Dennis Hurlsngton P O Bqk 512-49099

Dept o| poll Scj —U c( Mi&^ -

LOUISIANA

Ijiii Vihjm Aim PET Us=13 6130 E CiuHlesson Blvd —89122

DAtJ Compute Club

intKUCB

i.i:

JoiyH Mo[itu!v^n

1010 S EJrn—^242C1

Us Ve(|as

200-V) Winchystfi—1HD7S

Hfajtlan.il Ai*"i Compute* Co-op

LKmudtewn

Glasgow Coiixmodon

CotJlliiudnrtr Cnrm^L'tioci

NEVADA

Entntvunti

Littlrt Falls

Ken Jjielo 253? Leawood Di —6S123

^rnnlor. Computer

23 Coventry Ln —217-W

Wtttflm MDiL'fjLJiruTv CG-l Usors Orwp

PO EJux 1E>4—42111

Gieate: OraahE CM Useis Grcup

VAAfrry Gut' Pd -43062

MINNESOTA

PO box 20214—4^10?

U&or& Ijeoup

Omaha

COMV

Joseph f Ruttowsia

I'.'l

P O Uox 397—6223S Spnngiietd TET Users Group

Wanaubwa

School o[ pub HBflJth— Gwji([t» CuswfU

Wniienibuio

Comrnodaie Use! GfDup of

John J Ganna

M^!p Lon^

GLlb«E" \i Holland SpringTmld

CommodcHv U»r Group—

41C N 27—68503

[)mnj SKinnn

David VV TarnluEi

6-1108

U a) Mien

i'i

Bowling Orr*n Cornmmioi"

C-G4 UMrfiQrtup, Inc

ta^iTta. Co le

Ailel AtDoe

SoUthHD Mflino 2(Wt-l

.-:„■..i

UiUl Giuuej

Lincotowixid

E'tullaEid

U&ejli (lEQUp

tkiwlmfj fj["nij fjiH [j|uui][ni

CamEnodorf PAC

PialW ValJey Conunodaio

Harvey

South Suburban V2Q UseJs Club

36Buclinuin Si—01G01 MICHIGAN

310-14 John H—4B071

WjiIi Luunsbory

Knox CoromnrioTo C3uh

0-M69

Slipped Disk. Inc

Viola

833 Prosiieci -GO 120

311 LindenwoKl Lwia—6flO6S

John Ch^piain

Hutcrjin&on

H«l» Gross

Alan Doyer

PO Bon Q8-D0U8

Steve Gaat

Utcrs Gioup

Association

lXir-n Hul«

KANSAS

FonVaJJey Comnwitoie

KflEthUnd Amnteur Radio

M Bun Sc —010E5 EM 2O'G4 U«tf Group

GflOW DslAu Ave —Z1C0)

Hartlord

Usojs Croup 2006 CiGSCtrnl Di — G1H21

lOlCroabyUb UP/O

Liberty

Marvin S Vnl» Wohurn

20CQlumt>ia Ave—M011

Uctiv Schmta

Cuiiui L SJil:!i;e

PO Box 36192—64111

ho[]«r VnUny VIC/&1 Qub

MARYLAND

DwMOMtt

Rick VuJkrr

Champaign

SnlvQdnj C»[dn

WHrtitkl

MAINE

VUG (Scuborouah)

ILLINOIS

Gonunodorn ug

M2. CountiysifiH Elnt —01543

WmEi>Tn [ndiiiriii Cotfiuuxkur?

Com tnodoip Owners ol Uidiv" »*

BJonmingrcn Normal

O( &UMM City

PO Box Ub— 712H1

Mtist'tifltflr Cotnniodoro

\'J Lilayetlp

Heuristics User* Group Chip Downey 1301 Nrflllo #2—61008

Bob Hodfjon Jr.

Cornpuif c Society of Ponoliscoi

912 E Brown At™ —17303

Jeame Lazscn

The Polyticdcal Wtjarf

Er'thni Wnlki-r

PGltfl O'DlLon

Et ■—46Z01

Kansas Cily

OiirtL'lutfl CommodoTL- Club

tndiannpoJiu

floiill543 1312E Micruoan

Coeur d Alene

CehuntXK CwnmedCM Club

t'rod Imhnusnn

IDAHO

Rutland

Swaft?

Columbus

51 Feriiclifl Hd -079^0

U^ers

H D ConneJy -^2 S Ftoiida Avo —64E0I

COMMODORE MICROCOMPUTER

119

USER GROUPS New Plaia

Moms Plaint

Hock Hill

ClarhaSuntnit

M^ri on

N American Commodore

Computer Mcrropolis

Mdiiijii Ohio Commodore

Scranton Commodoie

Pock Hill Coniifiodoro

TttcbefB Users Gioup

Eric; Dhiii

LTsers Group

UstusGtuup

LFser Group

Robot l J Searing

PO Bok3U— 171 MaJjiSl-

PidmiJ Mutiro

Math A

12K1

77fiWdlinnB[lld—W30?.

PO Bu*2ll

Bl FfcmdlffRd

07950

Spoiunbuig

RCA Cottimodoto Us^rs Group

Hnw Yuik Coinmodoio

W. Ohio- Cwnmodoro

ciiua

Sl'AHCUG

William. Rowq

UioiJi Group

User a Gioilp

Koyin J Daly

JamwiT) Pfliiloy

Ben TuiLkelang

Rosa Black

['0 Box 235--19G1B

^80 Riveisidfl Pt 7Q—1002G

PO How 71S—14062

432 Hemlock Ln —£ROftO Ocean View

Mdtord

Grtenaburg

ftew York City V20/C64

Users Grcup

Users Geoujj

Clsrcom-64

D J Cftadwfct;

Ralph Lena

Dave Skdtt'js

Gaiy Mftina

1440 Old Stays Coach Rd —

103 Wavecly Place— 1C011

5771 Obsflrvation Ce —451M

3021 Uen Venu& Dt - 15601

IVi« Niswty

702ParkAve NW--MW3

ifiW Hidgowood Ave —07432

?29W Union Si—M513

Hudson Couii'ry Commodore Uwr Group

^t<2f""""""

Eiqhi Siinarpd

Club cf 1'oledo

Andy Skel'.an

P O Box 9909—13IS23

20^Par(( Ha:i—SUNY—1312G

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121

LCP PROJECT

QUEST OF THE AVATAR

Continued from pg. 26

Continued from pg. 22

water run out. He began to look very.

lishc-d conventions in another signifi

you inflict: lightly wounded, missed,

very sad, and finally Ik- turned green.

cant manner. Though your party may

critically wounded, and so on. 'Hie

We originally had planned to huld onl

consist of up to eight characters, you

most welcome change enables you to

until lie became so sick thai Ik- went

can't simply create and name them

flee the arena if the going gets rough,

to bed — but Susan tie couldn't Maud

using tile usual method of character

l-'or this reason, new characters won't

to see him in [his pitiful condition.

generation. Instead, you have to ask

get wiped out as frequently, And when

She broke clown and gave him food and

people to join the quest. Until you've

your hit points are running low, you

water within minutes after his lace

achieved a high rating in that person's

can camp out and .sleep to restore them.

changed color. So much for Science.

virtue, he or she will never enlist. And

Hie

magic

system

has

been

1 could tell yon much more about

you'll need a full party of eight, plus

graded for realism. You can't buy any

Thomas' quirks and habits, bin thai

red and purple stones, candles, and

Of the -26 magic spells—only ingn-di

would

other trinkets in order to survive a

entS lor them, like spider silk, man

trip to the Stygian Abyss.

drake root and ginseng. To prepare a

lake a lot of the fun out of

conducting your own research pro ject. Alter all. the thrill of discovery is

'Hie most

entertaining—and

radi

spell, the correct ingredients must he

what this program is all about. There

cal—departure from tradition is Ara-

blended according to formulae in the

are no high scores, no eye-hand co

Utr's emphasis on character interac

62-page

ordination skills, no chills, no spills,

tion, made possible by a mini-parser

magic manual. Styled

after

no deaths, no explosions. Jusi a funny

that accepts one-word statements.

the methods of medieval alchemists, this process is more authentic than

Little Computer Person going about

When talking to someone, you can

most magic systems.

his life, every once in a while looking

ask ihings such as "name" or

In addition to

right at you and saying something in a

Many will converse at length, and if

spells, you can also invoke lour kinds of energy lields that will affect anyone

strange

you repeal tilt- right word in the re

who walks through them.

play a game with him, or typing you a

ply, may reveal more information on

Ictler about how he sees things from

the topic. A Bard might refer you to

his .side- of the screen.

another character, who gives direc

language, or asking you

As fascinating as my daughter and I

"job,"

A Streamlined Interface Ultima IV employs the same single-

tions to the local shrine or a rune.

keystroke

found this projeel, I suspcel it's not

Half the fun

moving and giving other orders as the

for everybody. An acquaintance who

around and talking to the 256 people

previous Ultima games,

has two young boys, for instance, says they found working with their LCP

in the villages and towns of Britannia,

play

where [his saga unfolds.

lined for convenience. Your character

of Avatar is running

very boring. But I think if you're the type of person who likes to observe

Sightseeing in Britannia

mechanics

have

in I er face for hut

been

gamestream

holds all the gold and does all the talking, so you never have to swap

uncharted islands. Ultima W& world.

money back and forth or indicate who is speaking. Weapons, armor and herbs

serving and caring for a Little Com

Britannia, is a sprawling continent on

are also pooled: so is food, which lasts

puter Person. As time goes on, you

a plane! sixteen times bigger than Ul

longer than

begin to learn the nuances of your

tima ///'s Sosaria. A summary of the

besides promoting you up to the next

ant farms or who enjoys doll housefantasies, you'll thoroughly enjoy ob

Afloat in an ocean .sprinkled with

command

in other Ultima*.

And,

I.CP's personality. And suddenly, alter

land's general geography is laid out in

level. Lord British will now dole out

hours of observation, just as you're

the 36-page History ofBritannia; the

advice in his two-story castle.

beginning to think you've learned ev

place names can be matched up with

erything about him. maybe he'll do

those on (he cloth map. Moon gales

ly (you must master (he technique of

something completely

arc still available for [deportation, and [his lime the documentation

tacking), and [he three levels of water

case, for example, it came as a shock one evening when Thomas went up

spells out precisely how to manipu

mation and colors. The ship pivots

late (hem. There's one new mode of

about when you change direction, kids

teeth after he had eaten. He'd never

transportation—hot

wave ai you. a bull stomps the ground

done that before.

After sailing, teleporting and balloon

with his foot—these are but a few of

ing about [he surface, you'll want to

go underground and explore (he ani

(he intricately detailed examples of animation that enliven your quest

mated M> dungeons, which now con

The sound effects in battle and music

new.

the bathroom and

In our

brushed

his

He has not yet,

however, taken a shower

- at least

not to our knowledge.

The tittle ComputerPeople Project is one of a group of non-competitive

air

balloons.

tain rooms like [hose in the towns.

Sailing is executed more realistical

depth are indicated with different ani

thai accompanies many scenes lends

games from Activision that have greal

Wherever you wander, ore slaying

appeal to certain types of people. The

and treasure-Chest grabhing are still

A two-disk game. Avatar i.s easily

point of these games is to involve and

on [he itinerary. Combat occurs in an

the most engaging of Garrlotfs work.

interest the player in simply /uirthi-

arena simitar to thai of Ultima III, hut

Not as hard as Ultima II, with those

paling in the game,

the layout varies according to the im

convoluted time doors, hut tougher

winning something, it's a unique

mediate terrain. You must maneuver

and more involved than ///, ihis one

concept, especially in our competi

your crew members, shown individ

should provide 100-200 hours of un

tive society, and works especially well in (his particular piece of soft

ually in battle, (o lake best advantage

common

of the terrain. Battle reports sum up

want to explore the newest dimen

ware.

the degree of damage of each blow

sion in fantasy role-playing.

122

MARCH/APRIL'86

rather than in

even more atmosphere to the drama.

fun for

adventurers who Q

HOW TO ENTER PROGRAMS The programs which appear in tliis magazine have been run. tested and checked for bugs and errors. After a program i.s tested, it is primed on a letter quality printer will) some Formatting changes. This listing is

TURN. This will list line 270 to the

then

things will cause a syntax error.

photographed

directly

and

printed in the magazine. Using this

screen.

Look for any

non-obvious

mistakes like ;t zero in place of an O or vice-versa. Check for semicolons and colons reversed and extra or missing parenthesis.

All

of these

There is only one lime a syntax

from data statements, then the prob lem is somewhere in ihe data state ments, Check the data statements for missing commas or oilier typos.

If the variable is not coming from data statements, then the problem will be a little harder to find. Check each line that contains the variable

method ensures the most error-free

error will tell you the 'wrong' line to

for typing mistakes.

program listings possible.

look ai. If the line the syntax error refers to has a function call (i.e., 1;N

OUT OF DATA ERROR

Whenever you see a wurd inside brackets, such as (DOWN], the word represents a keystroke or series of keystrokes on the keyboard. The

word [DOWN] would be entered by pressing the cursor-down key. [f multiple keystrokes are required, the

number will directly follow the word. For example, [DOWN4] would mean to press the cursor-down key

four limes. If there are multiple words within one .set of brackets, en ter the keystrokes directly after one

another. For example. [DOWN, RIGHT2] would mean 10 press the cursor-down key once and then the cursor-right key twice. In addition to these graphic sym

bols, the keyboard graphics are ail represented by a word and a letter. The word is either SI il-T or CMD and represents the SHIFT key or [he

Commodore key. The Seller is one of

the letters on the keyboard. The

combination [SUIT E] would be en tered by holding down the SHUT key and pressing the E. A number following the letter tells you how many times to type the letter. For

example, [SHFT A4,CMD B3] would

mean to hold the SHIFT key and press the A four limes, then hold

A(3)), the syntax error may be in the line thai defines the function, rather [ban the line named in the error message. Look for a line near the

beginning of the program (usually) that has DBF FN A(X) in it with an equation following it. Look fora typo

whenever you aren't sure what keys to press. The little graphic next to each keystroke shows you what you will see on the screen. SYNTAX ERROR

This is by far the most common error encountered while entering a program. Usually (sorry folks) this

means thai you have typed some thing incorrectly on the line the syn tax error refers to. If you get the

message "PSyntax Krror Break In Line 270", type LIST 2~0 and press RE

in the data statements. Check first to

in the equation pan of this definition. ILLEGAL QUANTITY ERROR

mas between numbers Reading data

This is another common error

from a page of a magazine can be a

message. This can also be caused by a typing error, but it is a little harder

strain on the brain, so use a ruler or a

ber that the error message refers to.

as you enter ihe data.

There is probably a poke Statement