In open evergreen forests to moist deciduous forests, at 200-700 m.
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Alstonia kurzii Hook.f. |
| synonym | Alstonia scholaris var. avae A.DC. |
| synonym | Alstonia scholaris var. blumei A.DC. |
| synonym | Alstonia scholaris var. velutina Monach. |
| synonym | Alstonia spectabilis Kurz |
| synonym | Echites pala Buch.-Ham. ex Spreng. |
| synonym | Echites scholaris L. |
| synonym | Pala scholaris (L.) Roberty |
🗒 Common Names
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📚 Overview
Summary
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Leaf lower side
Leaf lower side
Leaf upper side
Whorled leaves
Habit
Trees, up to 30 m tall.
Trunk & Bark
Bark greyish-brown, lenticellate.
Branches and Branchlets
Branches whorled; branchlets terete, glabrous.
Exudates
Latex milky white.
Leaves
Leaves simple, whorled with 4-7 unequal leaves; petiole 0.4-1.5 cm long; lamina 6-20 x 2.5-7 cm, narrow elliptic-oblanceolate, apex rounded or emarginate, base cuneate to decurrent, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, shining above, glaucous beneath; secondary nerves many, closely parallel with intramarginal vein; tertiary nerves obscure.
Inflorescence / Flower
Flowers bisexual, in terminal and lateral, paniculate cyme, greenish white.
Fruit and Seed
Follicles, linear 20-50 cm long; seeds many, linear-oblong, flat with a fringe of long hairs at both ends.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Habit: Tree
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Large trees; height to 30 m; bark 10-15 mm thick, surface grey-brown, irregularly cracked and shallowly fissured, subverrucose, lenticellate; blaze creamy yellow, outer layer thin, corky, inner layer brittle; latex milky white; branchlets whorled. Leaves simple, whorled, estipulate; petiole 5-12 mm long, stout, glabrous; lamina 5-20 x 3-7 cm, obovate, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong; base cuneate or attenuate; apex obtuse or emarginate; margin entire, glabrous, subcoriaceous; lateral nerves many, slender, prominent, glabrous, parallel, looped near the margin forming intramarginal nerves; intercostae reticulate, obscure. Flower bisexual, 10-12 mm long, greenish-white in terminal umbellate cymes; calyx cupular, lobes 5, ovate, unequal, obtuse, puberulous, eglandular; corolla salver shaped, 4 mm across, lobes 5, obovate to orbicular, creamy yellow, spreading; stamens 5, included; anthers narrowly cordate; disc obscure; carpels 2, free, ovules many; style filiform; stigma obconic. Fruit of two linear, narrow, pendulous follicular mericarps, green, 30-40 cm long; seeds 5-6 mm long, flat, commate at both ends.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Ecology
In open evergreen forests to moist deciduous forests, at 200-700 m.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests, often Cultivated
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Moist deciduous forests and sacred groves, also in the plains
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Indomalaysia to Australia; in the Western Ghats- throughout.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
| Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Global Distribution
India: Assam, Karnataka, Kerala,gujarat, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh
Local Distribution
Throughout Assam
Global Distribution
South and South East Asia to Australia
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Thane
Karnataka: Coorg, Hassan, Mysore, N. Kanara, Shimoga, S. Kanara
Kerala: All districts
Tamil Nadu: All districts
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Homoeopathy
Ayurveda
Folk medicine
Siddha
Unani
Traditional chinese medicine
Sowa-Rigpa
Medicinal
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Homoeopathy, Folk medicine, Sowa-Rigpa, Unani, Siddha, Traditional chinese medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=138
| Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=138 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Matthew 1983
- Echites scholaris L., Mant. Pl. 1: 53.1767.
- Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 76. 1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 642. 1882; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 810(569). 1923; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 164. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 250. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 226. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 274. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 238. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 409. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 278. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 288. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 218. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 277. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 201. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 407. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 241. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 187. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 434. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 307. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 418. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 515. 2009.
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=138
Information Listing > References
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Matthew 1983
- Echites scholaris L., Mant. Pl. 1: 53.1767.
- Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 76. 1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 642. 1882; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 810(569). 1923; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 164. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 250. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 226. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 274. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 238. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 409. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 278. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 288. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 218. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 277. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 201. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 407. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 241. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 187. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 434. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 307. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 418. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 515. 2009.
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=138
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🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Gentianales |
| Family | Apocynaceae |
| Genus | Alstonia |
| Species | Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups
