Hopea species are evergreen trees. Bark gray or brown, smooth, at some length fissured or flaked, with white resin. Leaves simple, alternate, narrow oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate-elliptic, base obtuse to oblique, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, coriaceous, leathery, usually hairy with domatia in the axils of the lateral veins, midrib impressed above and prominent beneath, lateral veins pinnate, tertiary veins scalariform, petiole slender, stout, stipules linear, fugacious, caducous, scars inconspicuous. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, lax panicles or unilateral racemes. Flowers bisexual, pedicel short to sessile, bracts early caducous or ebracteate, calyx 5 lobed, tubular with very short, imbricate densely stellate tomentose lobes, adnate to receptacle, 2 outer longer, ovate, apex obtuse, thick, growing soon after anthesis, becoming much longer than others, 3 inner lobes short, suborbicular, thin near margins, apex usually mucronate, petals 5, imbricate, oblong, fleshy, pubescent in bud, glabrous inside, densely stellate outside. Stamens 10-15, base connate, adnate to petals, usually caducous along with the petals, filaments subulate, usually inner ones shorter and sterils, outer ones longer, anthers medifixed, short, connective thin near apex. Ovary tri-locular, ovoid, ovules in two rows, axile placentation, style filiform, short, cylindric, stigma thick. Fruit large, nutlike, globose-ovoid, enclosed in calyx tube with 2 accrescent lobes like wings. Seed 1, adnate at the base, cotyledons unequal.
Hopea odorata Roxb.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Doona odorata (Roxb.) Burck |
synonym | Hopea decandra Buch.-Ham. ex Wight |
synonym | Hopea vasta Wall. |
synonym | Hopea wightiana Miq. ex Dyer |
synonym | Neisandra indica Rafin. |
🗒 Common Names
Eng |
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Hin |
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Kannada |
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Tamil |
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mal |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Pl. Coromandel 3: 7, t. 210. 1811
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Hopea species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination. Flowering/Fruiting: February—April/May—June.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by autochory i.e., self dispersal, anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Growth Form
Tree
Evergreen trees, about 30-40 m tall, trunk girth about 4 m. Bark dark brown to grayish brown, smooth, reddish or yellow inside, furrowed longitudinally, with white resin, branches spreading, branchlets drooping, rugulose to smooth, puberulent, soon becoming glabrous, vegetative buds and inflorescences puberulent. Leaves simple, alternate, lanceolate-oblong to ovate-oblong, about 5-15 x 3.2-5 cm across, base acute, margins entire or undulate, apex obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, green glabrous above, paler beneath, usually hairy with domatia or gland-like swelling in the axils of the lateral veins, midrib impressed above and prominent, arched and porous beneath, lateral veins pinnate 9-12, tertiary veins parallel or perpendicular to the midrib, petiole slender, stout, about 1-2 cm long, stipules linear, scars inconspicuous. Inflorescence axillary, branched panicles up to 12 cm long, puberulent. Flowers bisexual, fragrant, pedicel short or subsessile, calyx 5 lobed, unequal, tubular with very short, imbricate, slightly puberulent, adnate to receptacle, 2 outer longer, ovate-deltoid, apex obtuse to subacuminate, thick, growing soon after anthesis, about 4 mm long, 3 inner lobes short, suborbicular, thin near margins, apex acute, petals 5, imbricate, falcate-oblong, fleshy, pubescent in bud, pale yellow, pubescent outside. Stamens 15, base connate, adnate to petals, usually caducous along with the petals, filaments subulate, base flattened and tapering above, anthers medifixed, short, connectives usually as long as anthers. Ovary tri-locular, ovoid, glabrous or punctate, ovules in two rows, axile placentation, stylopodium conical, style filiform, cylindric. Fruit large, nutlike, globose-ovoid, about 3-6 x 5-8 mm across, base saccate, apiculate, enclosed in calyx tube with 2 accrescent lobes like wings, oblong-broadly spathulate, about 3.8 cm long, longitudinal veins 7-11, joined by cross veins, smaller lobes ovate.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
Hopea species are susceptible to various insect pests, virus and fungi, affecting leaves, fruits and roots.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Along streams of tropical evergreen forests.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Local Distribution
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, West Bengal.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Category
Vulnerable
Vulnerable (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
Siddha
System Of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine, Siddha
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=4299
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=4299 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Wood used in making boats, building construction, bark and resin used in folk medicine and tannin obtained from bark, wood and leaves used in leather tanning.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=4299
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://tropicos.org/Name/11300001 #The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=BAE253C8D0B779315253E8E26DE40AE8?find_wholeName=Hopea+odorata&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html #The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2853232 #Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/a128d497cf220d9903f9e51e88b288b4 #Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.#Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. #Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. #Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 224-228.#Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 308. #Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 3: 226. Roxburgh, W. (1832) Flora Indica. Description of Indian Plants. Printed for W. Thacker & co. Calcutta. And Parbury, Allen and co. London. Vol. 2: 609. #ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. (FRLHT) URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php #Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.#IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 22 October 2016. #Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400#Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
Information Listing > References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=4299
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://tropicos.org/Name/11300001 #The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=BAE253C8D0B779315253E8E26DE40AE8?find_wholeName=Hopea+odorata&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html #The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2853232 #Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/a128d497cf220d9903f9e51e88b288b4 #Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.#Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. #Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. #Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 224-228.#Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 308. #Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 3: 226. Roxburgh, W. (1832) Flora Indica. Description of Indian Plants. Printed for W. Thacker & co. Calcutta. And Parbury, Allen and co. London. Vol. 2: 609. #ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. (FRLHT) URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php #Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.#IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 22 October 2016. #Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400#Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Malvales Juss. |
Family | Dipterocarpaceae Blume |
Genus | Hopea Roxb. |
Species | Hopea odorata Roxb. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations