Common Plecostomus - Hypostomus Plecostomus : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Common Plecostomus (Hypostomus Plecostomus), a prevalent freshwater species, has long been a mainstay in the aquarium community. They are robust and relatively easy to maintain, making them delightful aquarium residents. However, it's essential to note that there's a plethora of misinformation circulating online about their care, leading novice aquarists astray.
In their juvenile phase, Common Plecos exhibit a docile demeanour, coexisting harmoniously with similarly sized aquatic species. However, this temperament shifts as they mature, where they may manifest aggressive tendencies due to territorial instincts. Being nocturnal and territorial with a potential to grow significantly, Common Plecos may not be the ideal fit for standard aquariums. They shine in expansive community tanks, where their nocturnal activities involve scavenging for algae and uneaten food remnants. While their adaptability and resilience are commendable, their sheer size and specific needs make them less suitable for those new to the hobby.
They generally coexist well with aquatic species of comparable sizes, making them compatible with Oscars and Green Terrors. Yet, in larger setups, they can also peacefully coexist with smaller, upper-tank dwellers. Caution should be exercised when housing them with bottom-dwelling species like Corydoras or vibrantly hued fish with flowing fins, such as Angelfish and Discus, to prevent potential harm.
The aquarium environment for Common Plecos should mirror their natural habitat. It's vital to provide ample hideouts like caves and driftwood, simulating the moderately-moving rivers they naturally inhabit. Given their substantial waste production, it's crucial to maintain cleanliness with frequent substrate vacuuming and weekly water replacements of 30-50%.
Aesthetically, Common Plecos exhibit a varying body colouration, generally ranging from sandy brown to darker hues, adorned with a distinct spotted pattern. The magnitude of these spots varies across the body, with more prominent markings on the fins and smaller ones on the head. Their underbelly showcases a pale cream hue interspersed with brown spots. Their expansive dorsal fin and other fins are noteworthy. Their head features small, bead-like eyes adapted for nocturnal activities and the characteristic sucker mouth synonymous with Plecos.
Common Plecostomus Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Distinguishing between male and female Common Plecostomus can present itself as a nuanced task. Generally, males exhibit a more slender physique accompanied by pronounced pectoral fins. In contrast, females often possess a more contoured body with an abdomen that appears elongated in proportion to their overall frame, especially when observed laterally. Such differences become particularly evident during their breeding phase.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Hypostomus Plecostomus |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1758 |
| Other Names | Suckermouth Catfish, Janitor Fish, Crocodile Fish, Sotted Pleco |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Siluriformes |
| Family | Loricariidae |
| Genus | Hypostomus |
| Origins | Brazil , Guinea , Trinidad and Tobago |
| Max Size | 50 cm |
| Temperament | Semi-Aggressive |
| Aquarium Level | Bottom |
| Difficulty | Intermediate |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Pairs |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 15 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.0 - 8.0 |
| GH | 5 - 25 |
| ℉ | 68 - 86 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 20 - 30 |
Natural Habitat
The Common Plecostomus's indigenous habitat encompasses the tropical northeastern regions of South America, specifically extending through northeastern Brazil, the Guianas, and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Originating from a diverse spectrum of aquatic environments, this Pleco boasts remarkable adaptability. In the United States, they have robustly established themselves in Florida's canal systems, even flourishing in coastal regions with brackish waters. Predominantly, these Plecos gravitate towards the more tranquil segments of expansive rivers.
Breeding
Breeding Common Plecostomus within aquarium settings is not a typical endeavour, and there are specific reasons for this. Firstly, accommodating two mature Common Plecos demands a substantial aquatic environment, with approximately 1400 litres being the minimal requirement to ensure their well-being. Secondly, the inherent territorial behaviour of this species often culminates in confrontations rather than successful breeding. Notably, commercial breeding of these Plecos occurs in outdoor ponds, predominantly in Southeast Asia and Florida.
Successful breeding is more probable when nurturing Common Plecos from a young age to establish a harmonious pair. If such a pair is acquired, the breeding process is relatively direct. The male identifies and prepares a cavernous niche for spawning, subsequently inviting the female. Upon acceptance, she deposits her eggs on the cave's walls. The male then assumes the responsibility of guarding the eggs until they hatch in a few days.
In essence, the breeding of Common Plecos is typically the domain of seasoned aquarists possessing extensive breeding facilities. It's improbable for hobbyists to achieve successful breeding outcomes in standard home aquariums.
Diet & Feeding
Common Plecostomus exhibit omnivorous tendencies and possess a voracious appetite. Their natural proclivity for scavenging ensures they actively seek out nourishment within the tank. To optimize their health and vitality, a diversified dietary regimen comprising both plant-based and protein-rich foods is recommended. Consider introducing blanched vegetables such as lettuce, zucchini, and peas to provide essential vitamins and nutrients. Protein sources can be addressed through the inclusion of live or frozen offerings such as bloodworms, small crustaceans, fly larvae, and earthworms.
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