The EDUVian Issue 4

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2 †deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi 39 Aby‡”Q‡`i 1-G ejv Av‡Q, ÔwPšÍv I we‡e‡Ki ¯^vaxbZvi wbðqZv †`Iqv nBj|Õ GKB Aby‡”Q‡`i 2-G Av‡Q, Ôiv‡óªi wbivcËv, we‡`wk iv‡óªi mwnZ eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK©, Rbk„•Ljv, kvjxbZv ev ˆbwZKZvi ¯^v‡_© wKsev Av`vjZ Aegvbbv, gvbnvwb ev Aciva msNU‡b cÖ‡ivPbv m¤ú‡K© AvB‡bi Øviv Av‡ivwcZ hyw³msMZ evavwb‡la-mv‡c‡ÿ (K) cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki evK I fvecÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKv‡ii Ges (L) msev`‡ÿ‡Îi ¯^vaxbZvi wbðqZv `vb Kiv nBj|Õ †m †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hv‡”Q, bvMwi‡Ki wPšÍv I fvecÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi m‡½ msev`‡ÿ‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| bvMwi‡Ki wPšÍv I fvecÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv bv _vK‡j msev`‡ÿÎ ev msev`gva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZv A_©nxb| msev`gva¨g †Zv gvby‡li K_vB e‡j| gvbyl gv‡b we‡kl †kÖwY ev †Mv‡Îi gvbyl bq, iv‡óªi mxgvbvfy³ me gvbyl| G †cÖÿvc‡UB evsjv‡`‡ki msev`gva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZvi welqwU Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| 1972 mv‡j hLb msweavb cÖYxZ nq, ZLb msev`‡ÿÎ ej‡Z wcÖ›U wgwWqv ev gyw`ªZ cwÎKv‡K †evSvZ| †eZvi-†Uwjwfkb wQj m¤ú~Y© miKvwi wbqš¿Yvaxb; †hLv‡b mvsevw`KZvi my‡hvM wQj bv, GL‡bv †bB| nv‡j msev`‡ÿ‡Îi cwimi †e‡o‡Q| gyw`ªZ cwÎKvi cvkvcvwk AbjvBb wbDR †cvU©vj, †emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡bj, GdGg †iwWI BZ¨vw`I msev`‡ÿ‡Îi Av‡aq aiv nq| mvsevw`KZvi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖkœ G‡j A‡b‡K AvB‡bi Øviv Av‡ivwcZ hyw³msMZ evav-wb‡l‡ai K_v e‡jb| wKš‘ ivóª cwiPvjbvi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î AvB‡bi Øviv Av‡ivwcZ wewawb‡la †bB? msev`‡ÿÎ †_‡K iv‡óªi cÖwZwU †ÿÎB AvB‡bi Øviv wbqwš¿Z| AvBbcÖ‡YZv, wbe©vnx wefv‡Mi AwaKZ©v wKsev wePviKI AvB‡bi evB‡i †h‡Z cv‡ib bv| †M‡j, †`‡k ˆbivR¨ ˆZwi nq, AvB‡bi kvmb _v‡K bv| m¤cÖwZ †iBbwUª †nv‡U‡j `yB ZiæYx al©Y gvgjvq XvKvi bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb Av`vj‡Zi wePviK 72 NÈv ci al©Y gvgjv †bIqv hv‡e bv e‡j †h gšÍe¨ K‡iwQ‡jb, D”P Av`vjZ Zv AvBbewnf©~Z AvL¨v w`‡q Zuv‡K wePvwiK `vwqZ¡ †_‡K mwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb| †dŠR`vwi Aciva KL‡bv Zvgvw` n‡q hvq bv| mvsevw`Kmn iv‡óªi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwiKB AvBb †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨| 2. 1780 mv‡j †Rgm AMv÷vm wnwKi †e½j †M‡RU cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k gyw`ªZ MYgva¨g ev msev`c‡Îi hvÎv ïiæ nq; hw`I evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g cwÎKv mgvPvi `c©Y cÖKvwkZ nq AviI 38 eQi ci; 1818 mv‡ji 23 †g| Gici weªwUk Jcwb‡ewkK ivR‡Z¡ Bs‡iwR I ¯’vbxq fvlvq eû cwÎKv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Gme cwÎKvq ÿy`ª GKwU Ask miKv‡ii AvÁven wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡jI Ab¨iv cÖkvm‡bi `yb©xwZ I AvBbwe‡ivax Kg©KvÐ cvV‡Ki mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi welqwU mvg‡b wb‡q G‡m‡Q| we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi a~g‡KZz †NvlYv Kij, Ô¯^ivR-UivR eywS bv| fviZevmxi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv PvB|Õ KvOvj nwibv_ Kzwóqvi KzgviLvjx †_‡K MÖvgevË©v cÖKvwkKv †ei K‡i MÖv‡gi `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ gvby‡li Afve-Awf‡hv‡Mi cvkvcvwk Rwg`vi-gnvRb‡`i †kvl‡Yi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡ib| 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefv‡Mi Av‡M KjKvZv wQj Awef³ evsjvi ivRavbx Ges wkí-mvwnZ¨PP©v I mvsevw`KZvi †K›`ª| †m mgq cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vj‡b ewjô f~wgKv cvjbKvix evsjv cwÎKv¸‡jvI cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv KjKvZv †_‡K| mvZPwjø‡ki Av‡M c~e©e½ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ cwÎKvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQj iscyi evZ©ven, †`‡ki evYx, RvMiY, ˆ`wbK †R¨vwZ, B÷‡e½j UvBgm, XvKv wbDR, XvKv cÖKvk BZ¨vw`| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi Av‡M †_‡K †`kwUi ivóªfvlv wb‡q †h weZK© ïiæ nq, Zv‡Z evsjv cwÎKv¸‡jvI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| AvwjMo wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ZrKvjxb DcvPvh© ˆmq` wRqvDwÏb D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi cÖ¯Íve Ki‡j evOvwj †jLK-eyw×Rxex W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn, gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK, Ave`yj nK cÖgyL Gi cÖwZev` K‡i cwÎKvq cÖeÜ †j‡Lb| 1948 mv‡j MYcwil‡`i Ks‡MÖm`jxq m`m¨ ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë ivóªxq Kvh©µ‡g Bs‡iwR I D`©yi cvkvcvwk evsjv e¨env‡ii cÖ¯Íve Ki‡j cvwK¯Ívwb kvm‡Kiv Zv bvKP K‡i †`b| Gi cÖwZev‡` 11 gvP© cÖ‡`ke¨vcx ag©NU cvwjZ nq| ZL‡bv gvIjvbv AvKig Luv cÖwZwôZ ˆ`wbK AvRv`, †mvnivIqv`©x cÖwZwôZ B‡Ënv` KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv Ges GLvbKvi ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK Lei¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q QvcZ| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci XvKv †_‡K cÖ_g †h ˆ`wbK cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nq, Zv evsjv bq, Bs‡iwR, cvwK¯Ívb AeRvifvi| Aek¨ PÆMÖvg †_‡K ˆ`wbK c~e© cvwK¯Ívb I cqMvg bv‡g `ywU cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nq †`k wefv‡Mi Av‡M-c‡i| 1948 mv‡j KjKvZv †_‡K ˆ`wbK AvRv`, B‡Ënv` I wgjøvZI XvKvq P‡j G‡j ZrKvjxb c~e© evsjvi mvsevw`KZv cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc jvf K‡i| 1950 mv‡ji 15 †g 69wU msev`cÎ I mvgwqKc‡Îi m¤úv`‡Kiv m‡¤§jb K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ívb mvsevw`K mwgwZ MVb K‡ib| Gi mfvcwZ I mvaviY m¤úv`K nb h_vµ‡g Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb I †gvnmxb Avjx| 1951 mv‡ji 17 †g Lvqiæj Kwe‡ii m¤úv`bvq msev` cÖKvwkZ nq| GK eQ‡ii e¨eav‡b Avw_©K Kvi‡Y cwÎKvi gvwjKvbvq cwieZ©b N‡U Ges ÿgZvmxb gymwjg jx‡Mi wbqš¿‡Y P‡j hvq| 1948 †_‡K 1952 mvj ch©šÍ ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡b ˆ`wbK AvRv` I mvßvwnK B‡ËdvK, cvwK¯Ívb AeRvifvi, †`‡ki `vwe, wm‡jU †_‡K cÖKvwkZ bI‡ejvj mvnmx f~wgKv iv‡L| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jx‡Mi fivWywei ci †di msev`-Gi gvwjKvbv e`j nq Ges Avng`yj Kwei Gi `vwqZ¡ †bb| †mB †_‡K msev` evgcš’x‡`i cwÎKv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| 1957 mv‡j AvIqvgx jxM †f‡O b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© MwVZ n‡j msev` nq Gi gyLcÎ| 1949 mv‡j AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi bv‡gB mvßvwnK B‡ËdvK cÖKvwkZ nq| 1953 mv‡ji 24 wW‡m¤^i ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK cÖKvwkZ nq Zdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgqvi m¤úv`bvq| ivR‰bwZKfv‡e cwÎKvwU AvIqvgx jxM‡K mg_©b K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K msev` nq evgcš’x‡`i KvMR| ivR‰bwZK gZ‡f` m‡Ë¡I cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb Z_v fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi jovB‡q `„p Ae¯’vb †bq GB `ywU cwÎKv| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi Ki‡j mvsevw`KZvi Ici ¸iæZi AvNvZ Av‡m| A‡bK cwÎKv eÜ n‡q hvq| †hme cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv, †m¸‡jvi Ici K‡Vvi †mÝiwkc Rvwi Kiv nq| mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v‡`i QvocÎ bv wb‡q †Kv‡bv Lei cÖKvk Kiv †hZ bv| †m mgq †ckv wn‡m‡e mvsevw`KZv wQj LyeB SzuwKc~Y©| †Mv‡q›`v wefv‡Mi †Pv‡L †`k‡`ªvnx wKsev evgcš’x †jvKRbB cwÎKvq PvKwi Ki‡Zb| msev` Awdm wQj eskv‡j| Avi XvKv †K›`ªxq KvivMvi wQj D`©y †iv‡W| A‡b‡K †RjLvbv †_‡K †ewi‡q mivmwi msev` Awd‡m G‡m KvR ïiæ Ki‡Zb| B‡ËdvK wQj evgwe‡ivax cwÎKv| wKš‘ †mLv‡b A‡bK evgcš’x KvR Ki‡Zb| 1964 mv‡j kvmK‡Mvôxi cÖ‡ivPbvq mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v jvM‡j AvRv`, msev` I B‡ËdvK Awfbœ m¤úv`Kxq †j‡L, Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb iæwLqv `uvovIÕ| 1966 mv‡j e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv Ki‡j B‡ËdvK, msev`, AvRv` cÖf…wZ cwÎKv †m Lei ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ cÖPvi K‡i| †cÖm Uªv‡÷i gvwjKvbvaxb ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb I gwb©s wbDRI Qq `dvi wec‡ÿ Ae¯’vb †bq| AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv PjvKv‡jI GB `ywU cwÎKvi f~wgKv wQj cÖkœwe×; †h Kvi‡Y Ebmˇii MY-Afy¨Ìv‡bi mgq weÿzä RbZv ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb I gwb©s wbDR Awdm cywo‡q †`q| Z‡e mˇii wbe©vP‡bi ci evOvwj gvwjKvbvaxb me cwÎKvB evOvwji ¯^vwaKv‡ii c‡ÿ Ae¯’vb †bq| Zv‡`i G Ae¯’vb 25 gvP© ch©šÍ AUyU wQj| c‡i †KD †KD myi e`j K‡i| cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx 25 gv‡P©i Awfhv‡bi cÖ_g cÖn‡i ivRvievM cywjk jvBbm, wcjLvbvq BwcAvi m`i `ßi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cvkvcvwk msev`cÎ Awdm¸‡jv‡KI jÿ¨e¯‘ K‡i| 25 gvP© iv‡ZB Zviv B‡ËdvK I `¨ wccjm Awdm R¡vwj‡q †`q| AvµgY Kiv nq †ZvcLvbv †iv‡W Aew¯’Z RvZxq †cÖmK¬ve fe‡b| Av¸b jvMv‡bv nq msev` Awd‡mI| cÖL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K I mvsevw`K knx` mv‡ei GB Awd‡mB cy‡o gviv hvb| gyw³hy‡×i cÖ_g knx` mvsevw`K wZwb| gyw³hy‡×i †kl w`‡K cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx I Zv‡`i †`vmiiv evwo evwo nvbv w`‡q wmivRyÏxb †nv‡mb, wbRvgDwÏb Avng`, Av b g †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv cÖgyL‡K a‡i wb‡q hvq Ges nZ¨v K‡i| gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j gy³vÂj Z_v gywRebMi †_‡K eû cwÎKv †ei nq; evwK Ask 24 c„ôvq †mvnive nvmvb MYgva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZv-AaxbZv hyM¥ m¤úv`K cÖ_g Av‡jv

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22 †deªæqvwi cvwK¯Ívb miKvi webv k‡Z© gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nq| 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b †kL gywR‡ei †bZ… ‡Z¡ Ask †bq AvIqvgx jxM| wbi¼zk weR‡qi ciI cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv AvIqvgx jxM †bZv e½eÜzi Kv‡Q cvwK¯Ív‡bi ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z Pvqwb| e`‡j Zviv ïiæ K‡i bvbv lohš¿| Gi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z e½eÜz †`ke¨vcx Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`b| c‡i 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© BwZnv‡mi RNb¨Zg MYnZ¨v ÔAcv‡ikb mvP©jvBUÕ ïiæ n‡j wZwb Ô¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvÕ †`b| Zuvi G †NvlYvi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv cvq evOvwj‡`i Rb¨ cÖ_g ¯^vaxb f~LÐ| `xN© bq gvm i³ÿqx gyw³hy‡×i ci weRq jvf K‡i evsjv‡`k| 2004 mv‡j wewewm evsjv wefv‡Mi †kÖvZv‡`i †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ 20 Rb †kÖô evOvwji ZvwjKvq cÖ_g bvgwU wQ‡jv †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi| †mLv‡b wZwb we‡k¦i bvbv cÖv‡šÍ Ae¯’vbiZ evOvwj‡`i †fv‡U ¯^xK…wZ cvb Ôme©Kv‡ji me©‡kÖô evOvwjÕ wn‡m‡e| evwK bvg¸wj GiKg- 2. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 3. 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Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi I 10. ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 1954 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vPb, 1958 mv‡j mvgwiK kvmb, 1962 mv‡ji wkÿv Av‡›`vjb, 1966 mv‡ji Qq `dv `vwe, 1969 mv‡ji MY-Afy¨Ìvb Ges 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i †cQ‡b wQ‡jv RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv| †Kbbv evOvwji ¯^KxqZv evsjv fvlv, evsjvi ms¯‹…wZ| †mme Av‡›`vj‡bi Kvi‡Y †ek K‡qKevi †kL gywRe‡K †Rjew›` n‡Z n‡q‡Q, nviv‡Z n‡q‡Q QvÎZ¡| evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii HwZn¨‡K wZwb aviY K‡i `xN© mgq Av‡›`vjb-msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb| evsjv I evOvwji Rb¨ Zuvi Z¨vM ïay evOvwji BwZnv‡mB bq, c„w_exi BwZnv‡m weij| evsjv‡`‡ki bv‡gi mv‡_-mv‡_ ZvB D”PvwiZ nq †kL gywR‡ei bvg| wZwb nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡mi cÖ_g evOvwj, huvi †bZ…‡Z¡ weRq jvf K‡i evOvwj‡`i GK c„_K f‚-LÐÑ evsjv‡`k| evOvwji RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb G Kvi‡YB ÔnvRvi eQ‡ii †kÖô evOvwjÕ| # gybZvmxi gvgyb Aa¨vcK, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq; e½eÜz †Pqvi, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq

4 †deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ G-eQi Avgiv ¯^vaxbZvi myeY©RqšÍx D`hvcb KiwQ| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki 50 eQ‡i evOvwj RvwZ we‡k¦i Kv‡Q AvZ¥gh©v`vkxj, AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx Ges Dbœqb hvÎvc‡_ mvdj¨ AR©‡bi K‡Vvi msMÖv‡g AwePj RvwZ wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡`i cwiPq cÖwZôv Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| cÖvq mKj ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m~PK wek¦‡K Rvbvb w`‡q P‡j‡Q †h evsjv‡`k GLb GKwU AvZ¥wbf©ikxj Ges `ªæZ-ea©bkxj A_©bxwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ 2021 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i RvwZi 50Zg weRq¯§iYx Drme cvj‡bi gv‡n›`ªÿY‡K gv_vq †i‡L RvwZ wn‡m‡e Me©‡eva Ki‡jI AvZ¥Z…w߇Z wbgMœ bv n‡q Avgiv Av‡iv D¾¡j fwel¨Z AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ g~j P¨v‡jĸ‡jv‡K ¯§iY Ki‡ev| ZvB, RvwZ‡K GB cÖavb wZbwU P¨v‡jÄ ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨B cÖeÜwU wjLwQ: kw³kvjx c`‡ÿ‡ci gva¨‡g µgea©gvb Avq‰elg¨ n«vm Kiv, `yb©xwZi cÖwZ †NvwlZ ÔwR‡iv Ujv‡iÝÕ bxwZ mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Kvh©Ki Kiv, Ges 2018 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b jvBbPz¨Z wbe©vPbx MYZš¿‡K jvB‡b cybt¯’vcb| 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i gyw³hy‡×i weRqj‡Mœ GB be¨-¯^vaxb †`kwU A_©‰bwZKfv‡e Av‡`Š wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡e wKbv Zv wb‡q we‡k^i A‡bK DbœqbA_©bxwZwe‡`i Mfxi nZvkv wQj| 1971 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i Rbmb bv‡gi hy³iv‡óªi GKRb K~UbxwZK hLb ¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv‡`k ÔB›Uvib¨vkbvj ev‡¯‹U †KmÕ n‡e e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡iwQ‡jb ZLb hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U wb·‡bi Z`vbxšÍb RvZxq wbivcËv Dc‡`óv I 1973 mvj †_‡K hy³iv‡óªi wek^L¨vZ †m‡µUvix Ae †÷U W. †nbix wKwmÄvi Zv‡Z mvq w`‡qwQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki Ici 1975 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ BD÷ dvjvÛ I Rb cviwKbm‡bi wek^L¨vZ M‡elYvcy¯ÍKwUi bvgB wQj evsjv‡`k--G †U÷ †Km Ae †W‡fjc‡g›U| H eB‡qi cÂg c„ôvq iPwqZvMY `vwe Ki‡Qb, “If the problem of Bangladesh can be solved, there can be reasonable confidence that the less difficult problems of development can also be solved. It is in this sense that Bangladesh is to be regarded as the test case.Ó 1975 mv‡j e½eÜzi miKvi A‡bK mva¨- mvabv K‡i evsjv‡`k‡K RvwZms‡Ni Ô¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡kiÕ K¨v‡UMwi‡Z AšÍfz©³ Kiv‡Z mÿg n‡qwQj, hv‡Z evsjv‡`k Gi d‡j ˆe‡`wkK Aby`vb, Lv`¨ mnvqZv Ges ÔmdU †jvbÕ cvIqvi e¨vcv‡i we‡kl we‡ePbv cvq| hy×weaŸ¯Í †`‡k Pig Lv`¨km¨ NvUwZ Ges we‡kl K‡i 1974 Gi `ywf©‡ÿi Kvi‡Y e½eÜz H ch©v‡q ˆe‡`wkK Aby`vb I FY‡K Acwinvh© we‡ePbv K‡iwQ‡jb| GKBmv‡_, e½eÜz ¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡ki gh©v`vnxb B‡g‡Ri e¨vcv‡iI mRvM wQ‡jb e‡j †NvlYv w`‡qwQ‡jb GK `k‡Ki g‡a¨B evsjv‡`k‡K H AcgvbRbK Ae¯’vb †_‡K †ei K‡i Avb‡eb| wKš‘, 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM‡÷i nZ¨vh‡Ái ci evsjv‡`‡ki mgicÖfz‡`i A‰ea miKvi¸‡jv wewfbœ †`k I AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vi ewa©Z ˆe‡`wkK mnvqZvi †jv‡f ¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡ki KvZvi †_‡K DËiY‡K mhZ‡b Gwo‡q P‡j‡Q| d‡j, GK `k‡Ki ¯’‡j evsjv‡`‡ki 43 eQi †j‡M †M‡Q ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k †_‡K Dbœqbkxj †`‡k DËi‡Yi †mvcv‡b †cuŠQv‡bvi R‡b¨| 2018 mvj †_‡K evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK KvDwÝj wba©vwiZ Ô¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡kiÕ K¨v‡UMwi †_‡K ÔDbœqbkxj †`‡kiÕ K¨v‡UMwi‡Z DËi‡Yi Qq eQ‡ii cÖwµqv ïiæ K‡i‡Q, Ges H cÖwµqvi mdj cwimgvwßi ci 2024 mv‡j evsjv‡`k Dbœqbkxj †`k wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e| (K‡ivbv fvBivm gnvgvwii wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k 2026 mv‡j GB DËiY †NvlYvi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q‡Q Ges ¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡ki cÖvc¨ myweav¸‡jv 2033 mvj ch©šÍ envj ivLvi Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni Kv‡Q Av‡e`b K‡i‡Q|) Gi Av‡M 2015 mv‡j wek^ e¨vs‡Ki Ôwb¤œ Av‡qi †`kÕ K¨v‡UMwi †_‡K evsjv‡`k Ôwb¤œ-ga¨g Av‡qi †`kÕ K¨v‡UMwi‡Z DËxY© n‡q‡Q| MZ `yÕ`kK a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwcÕi cÖe„w×i nvi e„w× †c‡q 2018-19 A_©-eQ‡i 8.15 kZvs‡k †cuŠ‡Q wM‡qwQj| K‡ivbv fvBivm gnvgvwii AvNv‡Z 2019-20 A_©-eQ‡i cÖe„w×i nvi 3.8 kZvs‡k †b‡g †M‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQz wRGbAvB 2019 A_©-eQ‡ii 1909 Wjvi †_‡K †e‡o 2020 mv‡j 2064 Wjv‡i Ges 2021 mv‡ji 30 Ryb 2554 Wjv‡i †cuŠ‡Q‡Q e‡j cÖv°wjZ n‡q‡Q (2021 mv‡ji wRGbAvB †ek wKQzUv †e‡o‡Q wfwË eQi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j)| AvBGgGd ej‡Q, 2020 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQz bwgbvj wRwWwc fvi‡Zi gv_vwcQz wRwWwc‡K Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| fviZxq‡`i wg_¨v AnwgKv-cÖm~Z ÔB‡MvÕ G-c~e©vfv‡m gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvNvZcÖvß nq| wKš‘, GUv †Zv ïay GK eQ‡ii K‡ivbv gnvgvwii AwfNvZ bq| Qq eQi Av‡MI fvi‡Zi gv_vwcQz wRwWwc evsjv‡`‡ki PvB‡Z 40 kZvsk †ewk wQj| Gici MZ Qq eQi a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc cÖe„w×i nvi avivevwnKfv‡e fvi‡Zi PvB‡Z A‡bK †ewk n‡q‡Q| cvwK¯Ívwbiv Rv‡b gv_vwcQz wRwWwcÕi wePv‡i evsjv‡`k cvwK¯Ívb‡K 2015 mv‡jB Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi †hme WvB‡gbkvb we‡k¦i Kv‡Q PgKcÖ` we‡ewPZ n‡”Q †m¸‡jv n‡jv: 1) 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o mvZ †KvwU RbmsL¨vi 82 kZvsk `vwi`ª¨mxgvi wb‡P Ae¯’vb KiwQj, †hLvb †_‡K 2020 mv‡ji gv‡P© K‡ivbv fvBivm gnvgvwii ZvÐe ïiæ nIqvi ch©v‡q `vwi`ª¨mxgvi wb‡P Ae¯’vbKvix RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ 20.5 kZvs‡k †b‡g †M‡Q| (MZ †`o eQ‡i gnvgvwii Kvi‡Y `vwi`ª¨ Avevi 5-10 kZvsk †e‡o‡Q e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q)| 2) 1976-77 A_©-eQi †_‡K 1981-82 A_©- eQi ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwcÕi AbycvZ wn‡m‡e ˆe‡`wkK FY-Aby`vb 10 kZvs‡ki †ewk wQj, 2018-19 A_©-eQ‡i wRwWwcÕi GK kZvs‡kiI wb‡P †b‡g †M‡Q| evsjv‡`k GLb Avi LqivZ-wbf©i †`k bq, GKwU evwYR¨-wbf©i †`k| 3) GK `kK a‡i cÖvq cÖwZ eQi evsjv‡`k Zvi †jb‡`b fvimv‡g¨i PjwZ wnmv‡e DØ„Ë AR©b 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†deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ 7 Av‡gwiKvi 35Zg †cÖwm‡W›U Rb Gd. †K‡bwW e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒThe great revolution in the history of man, past, present and future, is the revolution of those determined to be free.Ó wbcxo‡bi weiæ‡× evOvwji iæ‡L `uvov‡bvi BwZnvm eû cy‡iv‡bv| c„w_exi bvbv AÂj †_‡K Avmv Jcwb‡ewkK kw³i weiæ‡× evOvwj jovB K‡i‡Q avivevwnKfv‡e| Dcgnv‡`ke¨vcx weDcwb‡ekvq‡bi G jovB‡q †Kv_vI jovB P‡j‡Q Askx`vwi‡Z¡i wfwˇZ, †Kv_vI evOvwj‡K jo‡Z n‡q‡Q GKv| g~jK_v n‡jv, jovBUv evOvwji i‡³ wg‡k Av‡Q, evOvwji †PZbvq †cÖvw_Z Av‡Q kZ msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm| ïaygvÎ c~e© evsjvq weªwUk kvmbvg‡j 1763 †_‡K 1800 mv‡ji g‡a¨B msNwUZ nq dwKi I mbœ¨vmx we‡`ªvn, bxj we‡`ªvn, †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjbmn †ek K‡qKwU we‡`ªvn I Av‡›`vjb| weªwUkwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g iƒc †bq †Mwijv hy‡×| Gme Av‡›`vj‡b †ewkifv‡Mi †bZ„Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb evNv evNv exi evOvwj| jovB-msMÖv‡gi DËivwaKvi evOvwj‡K wbcxob I †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× mRvM _vK‡Z †cÖiYv w`‡q‡Q| jovB‡qi `xN© avivevwnKZv evOvwj‡K evievi g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Q evOvwj ¯^vaxbZvwcÖq RvwZ| AvZ¥wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvi AwaKvi iÿvq evOvwji exi mšÍv‡biv evisevi hy‡× †M‡Q| Rqx n‡q wQwb‡q G‡b‡Q ¯^vaxbZvi m~h©| weªwUk †ewbqv †Mvôxi weiæ‡× evOvwji we‡`ªvn †kl ch©šÍ weªwUk‡`i fviZ Qvo‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q| weªwUk‡`i nwU‡q fviZ-cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vaxbZvq AMÖYx f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q evOvwji mšÍv‡biv| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci evOvwj eyS‡Z cv‡i GB RvwZ‡K †di ¯^vwaKv‡ii Rb¨ gv‡V bvg‡Z n‡e| we‡klZ hLb evOvwji gv‡qi fvlvi `vwe cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q D‡cwÿZ n‡Z _v‡K| 1952 mv‡j evsjv fvlvi m¤§vb iÿv‡_© ivRc‡_ i³ w`‡Z nqÑ mvjvg, eiKZ, iwdK, ReŸvimn exi mšÍvb‡`i| evsjv fvlv‡K wek¦ `iev‡i gh©v`vi Avm‡b cÖwZwôZ K‡i evOvwj cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i K‡Vvi evZ©v †`q| Av_©-mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ, fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, g~j¨‡eva I gvbwP‡Î we¯Íi dvivK †i‡L ïay a‡g©i wfwˇZ `ywU †`k GK _vK‡Z cv‡i bv Zv cÖKvk¨ Av‡jvPbvq †Rviv‡jvfv‡e D‡V Av‡m g~jZ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ciB| gymwjg jxM MwVZ n‡j G A‡ji gvbyl A‡bK Avkv wb‡q `jwU‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i| Avkv Kiv n‡qwQj †h gymwjg jxM G AÂj ïay bq eis me©fviZx‡qi b¨vh¨ `vwei c‡ÿ AvIqvR Zzj‡Z mÿg n‡e| Lye Aí mg‡qi e¨eav‡b G Avkv wd‡K n‡q Av‡m| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi c‡i c~e© evsjvi gvby‡li gv‡S G aviYv †cv³ nq †h, cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi g‡a¨ w`‡q evOvwji cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZv Av‡mwb| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Zuvi Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z e‡jb, Ôgymwjg jxM RbM‡Yi Av¯’v nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q| GB `jUvi †Kv‡bv bxwZi evjvB †bB| ÿgZvq e‡m K‡i bvB Ggb †Kv‡bv RNb¨ KvR bvB| cwi®‹vifv‡e RbMY I c~e© evsjvi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i‡Q| GB `j n‡Z †h †jvK¸wj weZvwoZ n‡qwQj Zviv GB RNb¨ `‡ji mf¨‡`i g‡a¨I wUK‡Z cv‡i bvB| Giv KZUzKz MYwe‡ivax n‡Z cv‡i fve‡ZI Kó nq| Giv bxwZi Rb¨ ev Av`‡k©i Rb¨ gymwjg jxM Z¨vM K‡i bvB| Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj ÿgZvi jovB‡q civwRZ n‡q| GB weZvwoZ gymwjg jxM mf¨iv cvwK¯Ívb nIqvi c‡i GKw`‡bi Rb¨I miKv‡ii Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri cÖwZev` K‡i bvB| GgbwK miKvi †_‡K my‡hvM-myweavI MÖnY K‡i‡Q|Õ ïay gymwjg jxM bq cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii wbcxob I ˆelg¨g~jK AvPiYI gvbyl‡K AwZó K‡i Zz‡jwQj| e½eÜzi K_ vq-fv‡l¨ Zv ¯úó eySv hvq| †ZBk eQ‡ii cvwK¯Ívwb kvmb G‡`‡ki gvby‡li g‡b N„Yv I DrKÉvi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi ¯^vaxb nIqvi NUbv ZvB Awbevh©| ïay †fŠMwjK `~iZ¡ bq, cvwK¯Ívb ivóª, kvmK I †`kwUi RbM‡Yi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki MYgvby‡li e¨eavb wQj A‡bK| cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡`i m„wó Kiv Avw_©K ˆelg¨, wbcxob I ivóªxq mš¿vm evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv‡K Awbevh© K‡i †Zv‡j| cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv GZUvB †ec‡ivqv wQj †h, evsjvi gvby‡li g¨vb‡WU‡KI Zviv gvb‡Z ivwR wQj bv| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b evOvwji weRq‡K Zviv †Zvqv°v bv Kivq Zv‡`i cZ‡bi MwZ Av‡iv †ewk Zivwš^Z n‡qwQj| `xN© bq gv‡mi i³ÿqx msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q Av‡m ¯^vaxbZv| evOvwji †kŠh©- ex‡h© civRq N‡U cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi| 16 wW‡m¤^‡i AvbyôvwbKfv‡e evOvwj cÖwZôv K‡i wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi| GLb G w`bwU evOvwj RvwZi Rb¨ me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`b| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 1969 Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi c_ †e‡q 1970 Gi wbe©vP‡b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †bŠKv cÖZx‡K †fvU w`‡q †`kkvm‡bi fvi b¨¯Í K‡i c~e© evsjvi gvbyl| c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ívb wgwj‡q AvIqvgx jxM msL¨vMwiôZv cvq| wbe©vP‡b weRqx nIqv m‡Ë¡I Bqvwnqv Lvbmn 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12 †deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ evsjv Mv‡b iex›`ªbv_ I w؇R›`ªjv‡ji AvMg‡bi Av‡M, Mv‡bi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© cÖg_ †PŠayixi ÔAvZ¥K_vÕq wKQz Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| GB ÔAvZ¥K_vÕ †_‡K K‡qKwU Mv‡bi D×…wZ w`‡q cÖL¨vZ M‡elK I †jLK myaxi PµeZ©x wj‡L‡Qb, ÔZLbKvi †KvjKvZvi m½xZ cwi‡ek nq wn›`y¯’vbx K‡jvqvZx, bv nq wb‡e©vag~jK e¤§© m½xZ, wKQz Uàv, wKsev bvU‡Ki Mvb, I KziæwP`yó evCwR‡`i Mvb| wkó wkwÿZ iæwPevb evOvwj Zvi g‡bi †LvivK †gUv‡e ev we‡bv`‡b gMœ n‡e Ggb Mvb ZLb wQj bv|Õ GB Ae¯’v †_‡K evsjv Mv‡b AvaywbKZv wb‡q Av‡mb iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi I w؇R›`ªjvj ivq| GB `yÕR‡bB evsjv Mv‡b cÖ_g bZzb aviv ˆZwi K‡ib| GB bZzb avivq mshy³ nb iRbxKvšÍ †mb I AZzjcÖmv`| KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg AvaywbK evsjv Mv‡bi K¬vwmK GKwU aviv ˆZwi K‡ib| GQvov evsjvq MRj m„wóI Zuvi GKwU eo Ae`vb wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv Kiv nq| bRiæ‡ji Mvb e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv cvq| †h Kvi‡Y MÖv‡gv‡dvb †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q †mB mg‡q me‡P‡q Kvw•ÿZ wQ‡jv bRiæ‡ji Mvb| G cuvPRbB Avgv‡`i cÂKwe Ges ZuvivB AvaywbK evsjv Mv‡bi ¯’cwZ| Mvb QvovI mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î Zuv‡`i wePiY wQ‡jv| Z‡e Ab¨me †ÿ‡Îi Zzjbvq Zuviv Mvb‡KB GwM‡q †i‡LwQ‡jb| Mv‡bi cÖwZ cÿcvZ, fv‡jvevmv, Av¯’v wQ‡jv mxgvnxb| wb‡Ri Mvb wb‡q iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi wj‡L‡Qb, Ô†Rvi K‡i ejv hvq bv, hyM e`jvq, Kvj e`jvq, Zvi m‡½ mewKQzB †Zv e`jvq| Z‡e me‡P‡q ¯’vqx Avgvi Mvb GUv †Rvi K‡i ej‡Z cvwi| we‡kl K‡i evOvwjiv †kv‡K, `y‡L, my‡L Avb‡›`, Avgvi Mvb bv †M‡q Zv‡`i Dcvq bvB| hy‡M hy‡M GB Mvb Zuv‡`i MvB‡ZB n‡e|Õ w؇R›`ªjvj ivq Zuvi cyÎ w`jxcKzgvi‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôbv †i bv, Avgv‡K wK iweevey‡K fz‡j hv‡e bv| Avi †K‡bv hv‡e bv Rvwbm? GB Rb¨ †h, Avgiv †i‡L hvw”Q hv evOvwji cÖv‡Yi wRwbm- my‡i euvav Mvb| Avwg wK †h me Mvb †eu‡a †Mjvg †mw`b ZzBI eySweB eySwe|Õ Kg‡iW gyRddi Avng` Zuvi ÔbRiæj ¯§„wZK_vÕq wj‡L‡Qb, ÔAvgvi g‡b Av‡Q, GKw`b kÖxf~cwZ gRyg`vi e‡jwQ‡jbbRiæj, wK Zywg G‡Zv fv‡jv Mvb MvI †h Mvb †c‡jB †g‡Z D‡Vv| †mw`b bRiæj Lye AvnZ n‡qwQj| †m e‡jwQj f~cwZ-`v Avgvi KweZvi hZ Lywk mgv‡jvPbv Kiæb| wKš‘ Avgvi Mv‡bi m¤^‡Ü wKQz ej‡eb bv|Õ fvi‡Z gvP© 14, 1931 mv‡j cÖ_g mevK Pjw”PÎ ÔAvjg AvivÕ gyw³ cvq| BwZg‡a¨ MZ kZ‡Ki we‡ki `k‡K Awef³ fvi‡Z †eZvi cÖhyw³i weKvk N‡U| †kÖvZv‡`i Mvb †kvbvi my‡hvM †e‡o hvq| Mvb welqK evwYR¨ evo‡Z _v‡K| MÖvg‡dv‡bi ci wm‡bgvi Mvb, †iwWIi Mvb bZzb bZzb MxwZKvi-myiKv‡ii Rb¨ m¤¢vebvi Øvi Ly‡j †`q| †mB mv‡_ Mvb m„wó‡Z bZzb bZzb avivI mshy³ n‡Z _v‡K| cÂKwei c‡i huviv AvaywbK Mv‡bi wbR¯^ aviv ˆZwi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ GKev‡i cÖ_g w`‡K wQ‡jb- c¼R Kzgvi gwjøK, kPxb‡`e eg©b, mwjj †PŠayix, †ngšÍ gy‡Lvcva¨vq cÖgyL| c‡i Av‡iv wKQz bvg GB cÖm‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q| 2. Av‡MB e‡jwQ fvi‡Z mevK Pjw”PÎ ÔAvjg AvivÕ gyw³ †c‡qwQ‡jv 1931 mv‡ji gv‡P©| Avi †KvjKvZvq cÖ_g evsjv Qwe gyw³ †c‡qwQ‡jv 1931 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m| Gw`‡K evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g mevK Pjw”PÎ Ave`yj ReŸvi Lvb cwiPvwjZ ÔgyL I gy‡LvkÕ gyw³ cvq 1956 mv‡j| †h Kvi‡Y wm‡bgvi Mv‡bi †ÿ‡Î cwðge½ †ek GwM‡q _v‡K| wm‡bgvi MvbB ZLb RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©| ZLbKvi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi evOvwj †kÖvZvi Kv‡Q, cwðge‡½i wm‡bgvi Mvb Ges wnw›` Mvb †kvbv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Ackb wQ‡jv bv| ÔgyL I gy‡LvkÕ Gi c‡i gyw³ cvq d‡Zn †jvnvbx cwiPvwjZ Pjw”PÎ ÔAvKvk Avi gvwUÕ, gwnDÏx‡bi ÔgvwUi cvnvoÕ Ges Gn‡Zkvg cwiPvwjZ ÔG †`k †Zvgvi AvgviÕ| GB wZbwU QweB gyw³ cvq 1960 mv‡ji g‡a¨| Z‡e GB Qwe¸‡jvi †Kvb Mvb bq, †mB mgq †h MvbwU Dfq evsjvi gvby‡li gb Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i RbwcÖqZvi Zy‡½ D‡VwQ‡jv, †mwU wQ‡jv1960 mv‡j Gn‡Zkvg cwiPvwjZ ÔivRavbxi ey‡KÕ Qwei Mvb- Ô†Zvgv‡i †j‡M‡Q GZ †h fv‡jv, Puv` eywS Zv Rv‡bÕ| MvbwU wj‡L‡Qb †K. wR. †gv¯Ídv| iexb †Nv‡li my‡i MvbwU‡Z KÉ w`‡q‡Qb ZvjvZ gvngy`| KíbvZxZ wnU GB Mvb| GB Mv‡bi ci myiKvi wnmv‡e iexb †Nv‡li Mí n‡”Q ïayB AR©‡bi Mí, mvd‡j¨i Mí| 1961 mv‡j gy¯Ívwd‡Ri cwiPvjbvq Ônviv‡bv w`bÕ Pjw”P‡Îi msMxZ cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb iexb †Nvl| AvwRRyi ingv‡bi †jLv, iexb †Nv‡li my‡i †di‡`Šwm ingvb MvB‡jb ÔBivb Zyivb cvi n‡q AvR, †Zvgvi †`‡k G‡mwQÕ| GB MvbI RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l© D‡V Av‡m| 1961 mv‡ji wm‡bgv ÕPv›`vÕ| 1963 mv‡j wbwg©Z nq QvqvQwe ÔZvjvkÕ| 1967 mv‡j gyw³ cvq Pjw”PÎ ÔP‡KvwiÕ| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg ïiæ nIqvi Av‡M gyw³ cvq Pjw”PÎ ÔwcP Xvjv c_Õ I Ôbv‡Pi cyZzjÕ| wm‡bgv¸‡jvi msMxZ cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib iexb †Nvl| GB wm‡bgv¸‡jvi Mvb ïb‡jB iexb †Nv‡li AmvaviY cÖwZfvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| Avm‡j, iexb †NvlB ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g myiKvi, whwb evsjv Mv‡bi my‡i I msMxZ cwiPvjbvq bZzb `xN©¯’vqx Avjv`v aviv ˆZwi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| Z‡e KvQvKvwQ mg‡q evsjv Mv‡bi my‡ii †ÿ‡Î Lvb AvZvDi ingv‡bi bvg Lye †Rviv‡jv fv‡e G‡m hvq| wZwbI PgrKvi PgrKvi Mvb m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb| myiKvi mZ¨ mvnvI A‡bK AmvaviY myi m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wbtm‡›`‡n Lvb AvZv I mZ¨ mvnvi myi evsjv wm‡bgvq bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡iwQ‡jv| 3. PÆMÖv‡gi Avgv‡`i evmvi wVK D‡ëvw`‡Ki evmvUv wQ‡jv Wv³vi wKewiqv mv‡n‡ei| Dwb wQ‡jb Avgvi evevi eÜz| Dbvi †Q‡j Kv‡`ix wKewiqv cÖL¨vZ iex›`ª msMxZ wkíx| Avgiv jZv fvB e‡j WvwK| jZv fvBiv c‡i XvKvq ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm ïiæ K‡ib| Z‡e cÖvq PÆMÖv‡g †eov‡Z Avm‡Zb| jZv fvB‡qi †QvU fvB evey Avgv‡`i eÜz wQ‡jv| †`k m‡egvÎ kÎægy³ n‡q‡Q| huviv hy‡× knx` n‡q‡Qb, AvnZ n‡q‡Qb Zuv‡`i Rb¨ †`‡ki gvbyl †hgb GKw`‡K wegl© wQ‡jb, Ab¨w`‡K †`k‡cÖ‡g D¾¡xweZ n‡q, cvovq cvovq wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g, knx`‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×v, AvnZ‡`i Rb¨ g½j Kvgbv Ki‡Zb| mv‡_ weR‡qi Avb›`I wQ‡jv| cÖvq cÖwZ Abyôv‡b Av‡jvPbv mfv †k‡l msMxZ cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡Zv| †`kvZ¡‡evaK MvbB wQ‡jv Abyôvb¸‡jvi g~j AvKl©Y| GB ai‡Yi GKwU Abyôv‡b Mvb MvB‡Z 1972 mv‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K jZv fvB PÆMÖvg G‡jb| Dwb hLbB Avm‡Zb, cvovi cwiwPZ mevi evmvq wM‡q mgq wb‡q AvÇv w`‡Zb, MvbI †kvbv‡Zb| †meviI wZwb nvi‡gvwbqvg wb‡q e‡m Mvb †kvbvw”Q‡jb| nVvr †_‡g ej‡jb, Ôeveyiv GKUv MÖæc K‡i‡Q| Iiv Ab¨ ai‡bi Mvb K‡i| fv‡jvB jv‡M| GKUz †kvbvB e‡jB Dwb nvB‡Kv‡U©i gvRv‡i MvbwUi K‡qK jvBb †M‡q ej‡jb, ïb‡Z fv‡jvB jv‡M, ZvB bv?Õ Av‡iv wKQzw`b c‡i eveyi GB MÖæ‡ci bvg Rvb‡Z cvwi| bvg ÔD”PviYÕ| g~j MvqK AvRg Lvb| ÔD”PviYÕ I AvRg Lv‡bi cÖm½ GLv‡bB †kl bq| 4. †`k kÎægy³ nIqvi ci, Pvwiw`‡K †`kvZ¡‡evaK Mv‡bi †h †Rvqvi †`Lv wM‡qwQ‡jv, wKQzw`b ci Zvi cwieZ©b ïiæ nq| evOvwj †kÖvZvi Kv‡Q fvi‡Zi evsjv I wnw›` Mvb A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB RbwcÖq wQ‡jv| GeviI bZzb K‡i wecyj RbwcÖqZv wb‡q fviZxq Mv‡bi AvMgb NU‡jv GK evOvwji nvZ a‡i| kPxb †fŠwgK †mB mg‡qi fvi‡Zi L¨vwZgvb mvsevw`K| Dwb wjL‡jb, Ôg‡b c‡o iæwe ivq KweZvq †Zvgv‡K, GKw`b K‡Zv K‡i †W‡KwQÕ| GKB mg‡q Av‡iKwU Mvb wjL‡jb, Õwd‡i G‡mv Abyivav, †f‡O w`‡q me evavÕ| ivûj †`eeg©Y myi Ki‡jb, MvB‡jbI| cwðg evsjvq Av‡MB, gvi gvi KvU KvU wnU| gyw³hy‡×i mgq, AvaywbK Mvbmn mKj ai‡bi Avb›`gq welq †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl wb‡R‡`i `~‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb| wKš‘ 1972 mv‡j GB Mvb `ywU evsjv‡`‡ki ZiæY-ZiæYx, QvÎ-QvÎxi eo As‡ki Kv‡QB e¨vcK RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V| Ges †mB mg‡q mgv‡Ri GB AskB wQ‡jv Mv‡bi g~j †kÖvZv| ïay evsjv Mvb bq, †`e Avb›` cwiPvwjZ Ôn‡i ivgv n‡i K…òÕ wm‡bgvi Mvb Ô`g gv‡iv `gÕ RbwcÖqZvi w`K †_‡K me Mvb‡K †cQ‡b †d‡j †`q| GB Mv‡biI myi K‡i‡Qb ivûj †`eeg©Y| MvbwUi MxwZKvi Avb›` eKwk, †M‡q‡Qb Avkv †fuvm‡j| †mB mg‡q, 1971 mv‡ji Av‡M I c‡i MvIqvÑ †ngšÍ gy‡Lvcva¨vq, k¨vgj wgÎ, gvbœv †`, jZv gy‡½kKi, MxZv `Ë, Avkv †fuvm‡j cÖgy‡Li MvbI wewfbœ †kÖYxi †kÖvZvi †kvbvi ZvwjKvq h‡Zœi mv‡_ wQ‡jv| ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M †_‡KB evsjv‡`‡k RbwcÖq Mv‡bi Drm wQ‡jv Pjw”PÎ| evsjv‡`‡ki RbwcÖq MvqK-MvwqKv †hgb gvngy`ybœex, Avãyj ReŸvi, ekxi Avng`, †Lv›`Kvi dviæK Avng`, AvÄygvb Aviv †eMg, mvwebv Bqvmwgbmn Ab¨vb¨ ¸Yx wkíx‡`i 1971 mv‡ji c~‡e© Pjw”P‡Î MvIqv AmsL¨ RbwcÖq Mvb wQ‡jv| GB Mvb¸‡jv ¯^vaxbZvi cici †Zgb GKUv †kvbv hvqwb| G ai‡biB Mvb n‡jvÑ bRiæj Bmjvg cwiPvwjZ Ô`c©P~Y©Õ Qwei ÕZywg †h Avgvi KweZvÕ, myi K‡i‡Qb myej `vm, wj‡L‡Qb Avey †nbv †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj, †M‡q‡Qb gvnvgy`ybœex I mvwebv Bqvmwgb; A‡kvK †Nvl cwiPvwjZ Ôbv‡Pi cyZzjÕ Pjw”P‡Îi gvngy`ybœexi MvIqv ÔAvqbv‡Z H gyL †`L‡e hLbÕ, hvi myi K‡i‡Qb iexb †Nvl, wj‡L‡Qb †K wR †gv¯Ídv; bvivqY †Nvl wgZv cwiPvwjZ ÔGZUyKz AvkvÕ Qwei Avãyj RveŸv‡ii MvIqv ÔZzwg wK †`‡L‡Qv Kfy Rxe‡bi civRqÕ, hvi myi K‡i‡Qb mZ¨ mvnv wj‡L‡Qb †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb; Avb&Rygvb Aviv †eM‡gi MvIqv, MvRx gvRnviæj Av‡bvqv‡ii †jLv, mZ¨ mvnvi my‡i, myfvl `Ë cwiPvwjZ ÔAvqbv I AewkóÕ wm‡bgvi Mvb ÔAvKv‡ki nv‡Z Av‡Q GKivk bxjÕ; MvRx gvRnviæj Av‡bvqv‡ii †jLv ekxi Avng‡`i myi Kiv I MvIqv, KvRx Rwni cwiPvwjZ ÔgqbvgwZÕ QvqvQwei Mvb ÔA‡bK mv‡ai gqbv AvgviÕ; Avey nvq`vi mv‡R`yi ingv‡bi K_v, AvRv` ingv‡bi my‡i Lyikx` Avj‡gi MvIqv, eveyj †PŠayix cwiPvwjZ ÔAvMš‘K QvqvQwei Mvb Õew›` cvwLi g‡Zv gbUv †Ku‡` g‡iÕ; mZ¨ mvnvi my‡i, MvRx gvRnviæj Av‡bvqv‡ii †jLvq, †Lv›`Kvi dviæK Avng‡`i MvIqv, bvivqY †Nvl wgZv cwiPvwjZ QvqvQwe Ôbxj AvKv‡ki wb‡PÕi Mvb Ôbxj AvKv‡ki wb‡P Avwg iv¯Ív P‡jwQ GKvÕ; iwdKzj evix †PŠayix cwiPvwjZ ÔZvb‡mbÕ wm‡bgvi Mvb ÔZywg my›`i †n G‡mv bvÕ, hvi K_v wj‡L‡Qb Avj Kvgvj Avãyj Iqvnve, evsjv‡`‡ki AvaywbK evsjv Mvb: wKQz K_v knx` gvngy` R½x MxwZKwe, M‡elK, cÖvewÜK mfvcwZ, MxwZKwe msN gnvmwPe, msMxZ HK¨ evsjv‡`k Gici cieZ©x c„ôvq >> AvaywbK evsjv Mv‡bi ¯’cwZ‡`i Ab¨Zg n‡jb iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi I KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg MIni Rvb| 1902 mv‡j Rvg©vwbi †Kv¤úvwb Ôw` MÖv‡gv‡dvb GÛ UvBc ivBUviÕ fvi‡Z G‡j Zvi K‡ÉB cÖ_g fviZxq †Lqvj †iKW© K‡i

†deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ 13 myi K‡i‡Qb myej `vm, †M‡q‡Qb AvBwib cviwfb; ÔcxP Xvjv GB c_Uv‡i fv‡jve‡mwQÕ MvbwU †M‡q‡Qb Ave`yj ReŸvi, myi K‡i‡Qb iexb †Nvl, wj‡L‡Qb Avn‡g` Rvgvb †PŠayix, wm‡bgvi bvg ÕcxP Xvjv c_Õ, Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK Gn‡Zkvg; ÔAvgv‡K †cvov‡Z hw` GZ jv‡M fv‡jvÕ wj‡L‡Qb I myi K‡i‡Qb Lvb AvZvDi ingvb, †M‡q‡Qb ekxi Avng`, MvbwU iwng †bIqvR cwiPvwjZ Ôg‡bi gZ †eŠÕ Pjw”P‡Îi| Avevi, 1972/73 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k gyw³cÖvß †ek wKQz QvqvQwei Mvb wecyjfv‡e RbwcÖq nq, †hgb 1972 mv‡ji Pjw”PÎ ÔAkÖæ w`‡q †jLvÕ| cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb Kvgvj Avng`| GB Qwei Mvb †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgv‡bi †jLv, Avjx †nvm‡bi my‡i mvwebv Bqvmwg‡bi MvIqv ÔAkÖæ w`‡q †jLv GB MvbÕ e¨vcK RbwcÖq nq| ÔAkÖæ w`‡q †jLvÕ wm‡bgvi Av‡iKwU Mvb ÔI `ywU bq‡b ¯^c‡b Pq‡bÕ wj‡L‡Qb †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb, myi K‡i‡Qb Avjx †nv‡mb, †M‡q‡Qb Lyikx` Avjg| GB MvbwUI †kÖvZv‡`i fv‡jvevmvq wm³ nq| 1973 mv‡j gyw³cÖvß Pjw”PÎ ÕAvevi †Zviv gvbyl nÕ| cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb Lvb AvZvDi ingvb| Lvb AvZvi K_v I my‡i Avwe`v myjZvbv MvB‡jb, ÔZzwg †P‡qwQ‡j I‡Mv Rvb‡ZÕ GB MvbwU mgS`vi †kÖvZv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg nq| GKB mv‡j gyw³cÖvß Rwniæj nK cwiPvwjZ ÔisevRÕ Qwei Mvb MvRx gvRnviæj Av‡bvqv‡ii K_vq,Av‡bvqvi cvi‡f‡Ri msMx‡Z, Ô†m †h †K‡bv G‡jv bv, wKQz fv‡jv jv‡M bvÕ †M‡q‡Qb mvwebv Bqvmwgb| GB Mvb RbwcÖqZvi w`K †_‡K KvQvKvwQ mg‡q gyw³cÖvß Pjw”P‡Îi Ab¨vb¨ RbwcÖq Mv‡bi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk GwM‡q wQ‡jv| GB me Mvb‡K fvi‡Zi evsjv I wnw›` Mv‡bi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡iB wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡q‡Q| †hgb, Fwl‡Kk gyLvwR© cwiPvwjZ ÔAvb›`Õ wm‡bgvq AwgZvf e”Pb I iv‡Rk Lvbœvi AmvaviY Awfbq‡i mv‡_ mv‡_ mwjj †PŠayixi gbKvov myi, ¸jRvi I †hv‡M‡ki MxwZKweZv, gy‡Kk, gvbœv †`, jZvi K‡Éi Mvb ZL‡bv evsjv‡`‡ki †kÖvZv‡`i †cø wj‡÷ weivRgvb| 1973 mv‡j fvi‡Z gyw³ cvq ivR Kvcyi cwiPvwjZ ÔeweÕ| Avb›` eKwki K_vq, j²xKvšÍwcqvixjv‡ji msMxZ cwiPvjbvq jZv gy‡½kKi I ˆk‡j›`ª wms-i MvIqv Ônvg Zyg GK Kvgiv‡g eÜ †nvÕmn Qwei cÖvq me MvbB fviZ I evsjv‡`‡k wecyjfv‡e wnU| fvi‡Zi evsjv wnw›`, GB `yB fvlvi eo ev‡R‡Ui Mv‡bi wecix‡Z `uvwo‡q ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M †Zv e‡UB ¯^vaxbZvi c‡iI evsjv‡`‡ki MxwZKwe myiKvi KÉwkíxiv wbqwgZ RbwcÖq Mvb Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb mgq wcwQ‡q co‡jI, Avevi AwZ Aí mg‡q wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb wbR¸‡Y k³ K‡i‡Qb| GB mÿgZv‡K AmvaviYB ej‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k AvaywbK evsjv Mv‡b iexb †Nv‡li m„ó aviv `xN© w`b, evsjv‡`‡ki Pjw”P‡Îi Mv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jv| GL‡bv A‡b‡K wm‡bgvi Mv‡b, wm‡bgvi evB‡iI GB avivq myi K‡i _v‡Kb| iexb †Nv‡li evB‡i my‡ii †ÿ‡Î A‡bK myiKvi wbR¯^ ÷vBj ˆZwii †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb ev Ki‡Qb| †KD †KD fv‡jv K‡i‡Qb| Avevi †KD †KD †m A‡_© RbwcÖqZv cvbwb| msMxZ mgv‡jPK‡`i cÖksmvI cvbwb| 5. Rvg©vwbi †Kv¤úvwb Ôw` MÖv‡gv‡dvb GÛ UvBc ivBUviÕ 1902 mv‡ji 10 †g, 8/02 Wvj‡nŠwm ¯‹q¨vi, KjKvZvq Zv‡`i Awdm †Lv‡jb| GB cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g MIni Rv‡bi K‡É 1902 mv‡j cÖ_g fviZxq †Lqvj †iKW© Kiv nq| evsjv Mv‡bi cÖ_g †iKW© Kiv nq cÖvq GKB mg‡q| †M‡qwQ‡jb kkxgywL I dwYevjv| †iKW© msMÖvnK Aa¨vcK BKevj gwZb wewewm-i mv‡_ mvÿvrKv‡i GB Z_¨ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z evsjv Mv‡bi †iKW© Av‡M n‡qwQ‡jv| Z‡e MIni Rv‡bi †iKW© Av‡M cÖKvwkZ nq| N‡i e‡m cQ›` g‡Zv Mvb †kvbvi Rb¨, MÖv‡gv‡dvbB cÖ_g my‡hvM K‡i †`q| MÖv‡gv‡dvb GKmgq ga¨we‡Ëi Mvb †kvbvi cÖavb gva¨‡g cwiYZ nq| Kvjµ‡g †eZvi I †Uwjwfk‡bi AvMgb N‡U| Z‡e †iwWI I †Uwjwfk‡b cQ‡›`i Mvb memgq †kvbv †h‡Zv bv| B‡”Q g‡Zv cQ‡›`i Mvb †kvbvi Rb¨ ¯^vaxbZvi ciI GKgvÎ Aej¤^b wQ‡jv MÖv‡gv‡dvb| ZZw`‡b Aek¨ †QvU AvKv‡ii †cv‡U©ej †iKW© †cøqviI evRv‡i Av‡m Ges †kÖvZv‡`i `„wó AvKl©‡Y mÿg nq| cÖ_gw`‡K ÔD”PviYÕ ev AvRg Lv‡bi Mv‡bi †iKW© bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Ges Zv‡`i Mvb †iwWI-wUwf‡Z cÖPvi bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y ÔD”PviYÕ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i †Kvb aviYv wQ‡jv bv| Z‡e 1972 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K †Uwjwfk‡b MvIqv Zv‡`i Mvb cÖ_g †kÖvZv‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i| Ges 1973 Gi gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K Zv‡`i RbwcÖqZvi Zzgyj e¨vwß N‡U| †mmgq QvÎ I ZiæY‡`i Kv‡Q AvRg Lvb msMxZ ZviKv wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z nb| AwZ`ªæZ Mv‡bi †ewkifvM †kÖvZvi Kv‡QB ÔD”PviYÕ I AvRg Lv‡bi Mvb †cuŠ‡Q hvq| fviZxq Mvb Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Pjw”P‡Îi Mv‡bi RbwcÖqZv‡K †cQ‡b †d‡j D”Pvi‡Yi Mvb gvby‡li gb Rq K‡i †bq, RbwcÖqZvi w`K †_‡K kx‡l© D‡V Av‡m| ¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv Mv‡b cÖ_g bZyb aviv ˆZwi K‡i D”PviY| †mB mgq fv‡jv cyiælKÉ ej‡Z †evSv‡Zv †ngšÍ, k¨vgj, wK‡kvi Kzgvi, gvngy`ybœex, Avãyj ReŸv‡ii g‡Zv KÉ| wKš‘ AvRg Lv‡bi KÉ wQ‡jv e¨wZµg| Z‡e Zv‡Z †Kvb ÿwZ nqwb| AvRg Lv‡bi e¨wZµgx KɇK evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl fv‡jvevmvi mv‡_ MÖnY K‡i| D”Pvi‡Yi wKQz Mv‡b †dvK UvP, wKQz Mv‡b AvaywbK †g‡jvwW, wKQz Mv‡b Avgv‡`i †Pbv Avkcvk, cwi‡ekbvq AvaywbKZv, G‡Kev‡iB bZzb ai‡bi KÉÑ GB me wgwj‡q evsjv Mv‡bi bZyb GB aviv 1975 mvj ch©šÍ †kÖvZv‡`i eo As‡ki cÖ_g cQ›` n‡q D‡V| 1975 mv‡ji †k‡li w`K †_‡K ÔD”PviYÕ †÷R †kv Kiv Kwg‡q †`q| †Uwjwfk‡bi AbyôvbI K‡g hvq, bZyb Mvb m„wóI †Zgb GKUv nw”Q‡jv bv| 6. AvRg Lvb I D”Pvi‡Yi Mv‡bi Pvwn`v ZL‡bv kx‡l©| wKš‘ Zv‡`i Dcw¯’wZ K‡g hvIqvi Kvi‡Y, evOvwj †kÖvZv Avev‡iv evsjv‡`‡ki Pjw”P‡Îi Mv‡bi cÖwZ Ges fvi‡Zi Mv‡bi cÖwZ AvMÖnx n‡q D‡V| evsjv‡`‡ki †ek wKQz Pjw”P‡Îi Mvb Gmgq RbwcÖqZvi ZvwjKvq wQ‡jv| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡QÑ 1975 mv‡j gyw³ cÖvß cÖ‡gv`Kvi cwiPvwjZ wm‡bgv ÔmyRb mLxÕi Mvb| Qwei Mvb Ôme mwL‡i cvi Kwi‡Z †be Avbv AvbvÕ e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv cvq| cÖPwjZ my‡ii Dci MvbwU iPbv K‡ib Lvb AvZvDi ingvb, MvbwU †M‡q‡Qb Avãyj Avwjg| 1975 mv‡j gyw³cÖvß gvmy` cvi‡fR cwiPvwjZ ÔGcvi IcviÕ Qwei Mvb Ôgb †i‡LwQ AvwgÕ wecyjf‡e RbwcÖq nq| dRj G †Lv`vi †jLvq, AvRv` ingv‡bi my‡i MvbwU †M‡q‡Qb Avãyj ReŸvi| GKB wm‡bgvi Av‡iKwU Mvb, dRj-G-†Lv`vi K_vq AvRv` ingv‡bi my‡i I K‡É RbwcÖq nq| MvbwU n‡”Q Ôfv‡jvevmvi g~j¨ K‡Zv?Õ| 1976 mv‡j AvjgMxi Kwe‡ii cwiPvjbvq Ôm~h© Kb¨vÕ gyw³ cvq| dRj kvnveywχbi K_vq, mZ¨ mvnvi my‡i k¨vgj wg‡Îi K‡É Qwei Mvb Õ†Pbv †Pbv jv‡M ZeyI A‡PbvÕ `viæY RbwcÖq nq| 1977 mv‡j AvjgMxi Kwei cwiPvwjZ Ômxgvbv †cwi‡qÕ Qwei Mvb, wke`vm e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi K_vq, f~‡cb nvRvwiKvi my‡i I K‡É Ô†gN _g _g K‡iÕ fv‡jvB RbwcÖqZv †c‡iwQ‡jv| 1978 mv‡j Ave`yjøvn Avj gvgyb cwiPvwjZ Ômv‡is †eŠÕ Pjw”PÎ gyw³ cvq| Qwei Mvb, gyKzj †PŠayixi K_vq, Avjg Lv‡bi my‡i ÔI‡i bxj `wiqvÕ Ave`yj ReŸvi †M‡q‡Qb| GB Mvb me ai‡Yi †kÖvZv‡K gy» K‡i| GKB eQi AvgRv` †nv‡mb cwiPvwjZ Ô†Mvjvcx GLb †Uª‡bÕ gyw³ cvq| Qwei `ywU Mvb A‡bK A‡bK w`b †kÖvZv‡`i fv‡jv jvMvi ZvwjKvq Dc‡ii w`‡KB wQ‡jv| cÖ_g MvbwU n‡”Q ÕAv‡Qb Avgvi †gv³vi, Av‡Qb Avgvi e¨vwi÷viÕ wj‡L‡Qb MvRx gvRnviæj Av‡bvqvi, myi K‡i‡Qb AvjvDÏxb Avjx, †M‡q‡Qb ˆmq` Avãyj nvw`| Aci MvbwU n‡”Q Ônvq‡i Kcvj g›`Õ †M‡q‡Qb mvwebv Bqvmwgb, MvbwU wj‡L‡Qb AvgRv` †nv‡mb, myi K‡i‡Qb AvjvDÏxb Avjx| 1979 mv‡j gyw³ cvq Kvgvj Avng` cwiPvwjZ Pjw”PÎ ÔAbyivMÕ| gvmy` Kwi‡gi K_vq myej `v‡mi my‡i Ave`yj ReŸv‡ii K‡É GB wm‡bgvi Mvb ÕkÎæ Zywg eÜz ZywgÕ fv‡jv RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i| cÖ‡gv`Kvi cwiPvwjZ QvqvQwe Ôw`b hvq K_v _v‡KÕ gyw³ cvq 1979 mv‡j| Lvb AvZvDi ingv‡bi K_v I my‡i myexi b›`x †M‡q‡Qb Ôw`b hvq K_v _v‡K, †m †h K_v w`‡q ivLj bvÕ MvbwU †kÖvZv‡`i cQ‡›`i ZvwjKvq VuvB K‡i †bq| GKB eQi gyw³ cvq †gv¯Ídv †gngy` cwiPvwjZ ÔgvwUi gvbylÕ| †gvnv¤§` iwdKD¾vgv‡bi K_vq, mZ¨ mvnvi my‡i, myexi b›`xi MvIqv GB wm‡bgvi Mvb ÔeÜz n‡Z †P‡q †Zvgvi, kÎæ e‡j MY¨ njvgÕ RbwcÖq nq| GQvovI GKB `k‡K Mvb wb‡q nvwRi wQ‡jb dwKi AvjgMxi I wd‡ivR muvB I †di‡`Šm Iqvwn`| dwKi AvjgMxi g~jZ MYmsMxZ MvB‡Zb| wd‡ivR muvB gvBRfvÐvix I mywd Mvb MvB‡Zb| †di‡`Šm Iqvwn` wQ‡jb AvaywbK Mv‡b| wZbRbB MvqK wn‡m‡e RbwcÖq wQ‡jb| GKB mg‡q fvi‡Zi wkíx‡`i Dcw¯’wZI wQ‡jv †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| †MŠwicÖmbœ gRyg`v‡ii K_vq, k¨vgj wg‡Îi my‡i, wK‡kvi Kzgv‡ii MvIqv ÔAvb›` AvkÖgÕ wm‡bgvi Mvb ÔAvkv wQj fvjevmv wQjÕ, cyjK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi K_vq, wf e¨vjmvivi my‡i †ngšÍ-kÖvešÍxi MvIqv ÔAvq LyKz AvqÕ, mwjj †PŠayixi K_v I my‡i jZv g‡½kK‡ii MvIqv ÔAvR bq ¸b ¸b ¸b ¸Äb †cÖ‡giÕ, mwjj †PŠayixi K_v I my‡i MvIqv jZvi Av‡iKwU Mvb ÔAvR Z‡e GBUyKz _vK,evwK K_v c‡i n‡eÕ †kªvZv‡`i gb `viæYfv‡e Av‡jvwoZ K‡iwQ‡jv| f~‡cb nvRvwiKvi MvIqv evsjv Mv‡biI e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv wQ‡jv| fviZxq bZzb-cyivZb evsjv Mv‡bi cvkvcvwk wnw›` Mv‡b †kÖvZviI †Kvb Afve wQ‡jv bv| evwK Ask 22 c„ôvq c~e©eZ©x c„ôvi ci >> ¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv Mv‡b cÖ_g bZyb aviv ˆZwi K‡i D”PviY| Pjw”P‡Îi Mv‡bi RbwcÖqZv‡K †cQ‡b †d‡j AvRg Lv‡bi D”PviY gvby‡li gb Rq K‡i †bq, RbwcÖqZvi w`K †_‡K kx‡l© D‡V Av‡m| N‡i e‡m cQ›` g‡Zv Mvb †kvbvi Rb¨, MÖv‡gv‡dvbB cÖ_g my‡hvM K‡i †`q| MÖv‡gv‡dvb GKmgq ga¨we‡Ëi Mvb †kvbvi cÖavb gva¨‡g cwiYZ nq|

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evjv‡K©| c‡i wZwb †mvj‡m †hvM †`b| bKxe †mvj‡m †hvM †`Iqvi ci, †mvjm †gŠwjK Mvb MvIqv ïiæ K‡i| bKxe wQ‡jb myiKvi| bKx‡ei my‡i Kiv AwaKvsk Mvb wb‡q †mvj‡mi cÖ_g A¨vjevg `viæYfv‡e wnU nq| bKxe Lvb e¨w³MZ Kvi‡Y XvKvq ¯’vqx n‡j, wØZxq A¨vjev‡gi Rb¨ AwaKvsk Mv‡bi myi K‡ib AvBqye ev”Pz| e¨vÛ wgDwR‡K †mvj‡mi Mv‡bi K_vq e³e¨ D‡V Av‡m| AvYweK kw³i weiæ‡×I †mvjm cÖ_g Mvb K‡i| bKxe Lvb, †QvU fvB wcjy Lvbmn XvKvq †i‡bmuv bv‡g e¨vÛ ˆZwi K‡i| GB e¨vÛI Z…Zxq wek¦, wkï‡`i wb‡q wewfbœ e³e¨ cÖavb Mvb wb‡q G¨vjevg cÖKvk K‡i| GQvov †i‡bmuv cÖK…wZmn wewfbœ welqwfwËK MvbI K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K †mvjm e³‡e¨i cvkvcvwk A‡bK¸‡jv †cÖ‡gi MvbI †kÖvZv‡`i Dcnvi †`q| 1977 mv‡j MwVZ wdWe¨vK ev‡Ûi MvbI RbwcÖq nq| wdWe¨vK wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci Mvb ˆZwi K‡i, †kÖvZv‡`i Dcnvi w`‡q‡Q| Drme wb‡q wdWe¨v‡Ki Mvb Ô†gjvq hvB‡iÕ wecyjfv‡e RbwcÖq nq| mevB iK auv‡Pi Mvb †M‡q‡Q| Z‡e MvIqvi g‡a¨, evRv‡bvi g‡a¨ wfbœZv †Zv wQ‡jvB| †hgb, †i‡bmuvi Mv‡b eøæR, R¨vR cÖf…wZi Qvc †`Lv hvq| †i‡bmuv e¨vÛ msMx‡Z cÖ_g †gŠwjK AvÂwjK Mvb AšÍf©y³ K‡i| GgbwK cÖ_g AvÂwjK eøæRI Zviv m„wó K‡i| †mB mg‡q wdwjsm ev Lyjbvi AemwKDi I Ab¨vb¨ D`xqgvb e¨vÛI GKB Nivbvq †_‡K Mvb K‡i‡Q| 10. 1990 mv‡ji †klv‡a© wewUwf (ZLb GKgvÎ wUwf P¨v‡bj wQ‡jv wewUwf) e¨vÛ †kv-i Av‡qvRb K‡i| Zver bvgKiv e¨vÛ‡`i wb‡qB Av‡qvRb| mevB GKwU K‡i Mvb MvB‡e| ZLb †mvj‡mi Mvb MvB‡Zv Zcb †PŠayix| we‡kl †Kvb Kvi‡Y †mevi MvIqvi Rb¨ Zcb‡K cvIqv hvw”Q‡jv bv| wm×všÍ n‡jv AvBqye ev”Pz MvB‡e| ev”Pz †mvj‡mi n‡q wUwf‡Z GKKfv‡e MvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv my‡hvM †c‡jv| MvIqvi Rb¨ bZyb Mv‡bi m„wó n‡jv| knx` gvngy` R½xi K_vq, ev”Pz myi Ki‡jv I MvB‡jv ÔGKw`b NygfvOv kn‡iÕ| wbLv` iK| Mvb wnU, ev”Pz wnU| Ges GB Mvb w`‡qB evsjv‡`‡k iK wgDwR‡K bZzb Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv| GB Mvb cÖPv‡ii K‡qK gv‡mi gv_vq ev”Pz †mvjm †Q‡o †`q| †mvjm †_‡K hvIqvi mgq ÔGKw`b Nyg fvOv kn‡iÕ mevi m¤§wZµ‡g wb‡q hvq| Ges mv”Pv iK Mvb w`‡qB e¨vÛ ÔGj Avi weÕ hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| cÖvq GKB mg‡q Iq¨vi †dBR wKQzUv nvW© iK wb‡qB Mv‡bi f~e‡b Av‡m| wesk kZvwãi beŸB Gi `k‡K iK Mv‡bi Rb¨ Dchy³ K‡Éi AwaKvix †Rgm& Gi DÌvb| Zvi RbwcÖqZv I KÉ, GKmgq †`‡ki mxgv Qvwo‡q we‡`‡k Ges evsjv fvlv Qvwo‡q wnw›` fvlv‡ZI Qwo‡q c‡i| GB `k‡K gvBjm, AvK©, wWdv‡i›U UvP e¨vÛ¸‡jv A‡bK gvbm¤§Z RbwcÖq Mvb Dcnvi †`q| Avm‡j wesk kZvwãi mËi-Avwk-beŸB `k‡Ki AwWI Mv‡bi bw›`Z wkíx‡`i, cÖ_g †kÖYxi e¨vÛmg~‡ni fv‡jv Mvb MvIqvi cÖ‡Póvq, †kÖvZv‡`i fv‡jv Mvb †kvbvi Kvb ˆZwi n‡q hvq| hw`I wesk kZvwãi †k‡li w`‡K G‡m fv‡jv Mvb m„wói c_ †_‡K †KD †KD m‡i hvb| GB mg‡qi Av‡iKwU eo AR©b fvi‡Zi wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vjqmn Ab¨vb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZôvbmg~‡n Avgv‡`i e¨vÛ¸‡jv‡K wbqwgZ Avgš¿Y Kiv| †mB cÖ_g Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wewfbœ e¨vÛ wfbœ †`‡ki Av‡qvRK‡`i Avgš¿‡Y Abyôvb Kivi my‡hvM cvq| D‡jøL¨, fvi‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vÛ¸‡jvi wecyj RbwcÖqZv wQ‡jv| e¨vÛ msMx‡Zi RqhvÎvq GKwesk kZvwãi ïiæ‡Z evàv gRyg`vi I AY©‡ei cwikxwjZ myi Ges nvwee Iqvwn` I dzqv` Avj gy³vw`i evsjv‡`‡ki Mv‡b wWwRwUjvB‡Rkb Gi c~Y© cÖ‡qvM NUvb| Ges GUv K‡ib mgKvjxb we‡k¦i msMx‡Zi mv‡_ †gjeÜb K‡iB| Ab¨w`‡K cÖ‡MÖwmf iK aviv wb‡q AvU©‡mj Avi Aëvi‡bwUf iK wb‡q eø¨vK AvÛviMÖvDÛ e¨vÛ wgDwR‡K e¨vcK Av‡jvob †Zv‡j hv GKmgq evsjv e¨vÛ msMx‡Zi g~j avivq RvqMv K‡i †bq| 11. 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24 †deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ 2 c„ôvi ci hvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQj Rqevsjv, gyw³hy×, bZyb evsjv, evsjvi evYx, wecøex evsjv‡`k, `vevbj, evsjvi gyL| Gme cwÎKv I ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi Abyôvb wQj ¯^vaxbZvKvgx gvby‡li mvn‡mi Drm| d‡qR Avng`, Kvgvj †jvnvbx, m‡šÍvl ¸ß, Gg Avi AvLZvi gyKzjmn A‡bK mvsevw`K hy³ wQ‡jb ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi m‡½| eyw×Rxex nZ¨vi Ab¨Zg †nvZv †PŠayix gBbDwÏb, whwb c~e©‡`k cwÎKvi mvsevw`K wQ‡jb, ¯^vaxbZvi ciciB cvwj‡q hy³iv‡R¨ P‡j hvb| †WwfW evM©g¨v‡bi WKz-wdj¥ Iqvi µvBg dvBjm-G †PŠayix gBbDwÏbmn wZb NvZ‡Ki K_v Av‡Q| GKvˇi gywRebMi QvovI †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿ A‡bK cwÎKv †ei n‡q‡Q| Gme cwÎKvi mvsevw`‡Kiv Rxe‡bi SyuwK wb‡q cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q gyw³hy‡×i Lei †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb| 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi wbtkZ© AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li P~ovšÍ weRq AwR©Z nq| 3. ¯^vaxbZvi ci †h DÏxcbv I D”Q¡vm wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki mvsevw`KZv hvÎv ïiæ K‡iwQj, Zv †ewk w`b ¯’vqx nqwb| Gi A‡bK¸‡jv KviY wQj| mvsevw`KZvi ¯^vaxbZv wel‡q msweav‡b hv-B †jLv _vKzK bv †Kb, ivóª KvVv‡gvq †gŠwjK cwieZ©b bv G‡j Zv ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e bq| ivóªxq cÖPvihš¿ Z_v evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb I evsjv‡`k †eZvi, miKvwi evZ©v ms¯’v P‡j‡Q cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡ji g‡Zv miKv‡ii B”Qvq; †mLv‡b we‡ivax `j ev mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ AskxR‡bi K_v G‡Kev‡iB wQj bv| Z`ycwi cvwK¯Ívwb gvwjKvbvaxb I cwiZ¨³ msev`cθ‡jvi `vwqZ¡I †bq miKvi| miKvwi cwÎKv gv‡bB ÿgZvmxb‡`i ¸YMvb MvIqv| G Qvov †mB mg‡qi Aw¯’i ivRbxwZi QvcI msev`gva¨‡g c‡o| AwZ evg I AwZ Wvbcš’xiv evsjv‡`‡ki Aw¯ÍZ¡B A¯^xKvi K‡i e‡m| gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g †bZ„Z¡`vbKvix `j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi g‡a¨ †h wefw³ †`Lv w`‡qwQj; DËiKv‡j Zv cÖKvk¨ iƒc †bq| 1972 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi e½eÜzi Avkxe©v` wb‡q cÖKvwkZ ˆ`wbK MYKÉ Awej‡¤^ miKv‡ii weiæ‡× K‡Vvi Ae¯’vb †bq| GKwU MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Dc‡hvMx MYgva¨g cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †h mwnòz ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwi‡ek `iKvi, Zv ZLb evsjv‡`‡k wQj bv| miKvi I we‡ivax `j G‡K Aci‡K †`‡ki kÎæ g‡b KiZ| G Ae¯’vq e¯‘wbô mvsevw`KZv †Kej `yiƒn bq, cÖvq Am¤¢e| evsjv‡`‡ki MYgva¨g K‡qKwU c‡e© fvM Kiv hvq| ¯^vaxbZvDËi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi kvmbvgj, wRqvDi ingvb I Gikv‡`i mvgwiK-†emvgwiK kvmbvgj Ges beŸB-cieZ©x MYZvwš¿K kvmbvgj| Avgv‡`i GLv‡b hviv ÿgZvi ivRbxwZ K‡ib, ev AZx‡Z K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ KZ¸‡jv mvaviY ˆewkó¨ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| ÿgZvi evB‡i _vK‡Z Zviv MYgva¨‡gi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv †`Iqvi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`b; MYgva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax me KvjvKvbyb evwZj Kivi Iqv`v †`b| wKš‘ ÿgZvq G‡m GB ivRbxwZ‡KivB bZzb AvBb K‡ib mvsevw`KZvi nvZ-cv †eu‡a w`‡Z| Gi GKgvÎ e¨wZµg wQj A¯’vqx ivóªcwZ wePvicwZ mvnveyÏxb Avng‡`i ¯^ívqy kvmb| beŸB‡q ˆ¯^ivPvix Gikv‡`i cZ‡bi ci Av‡›`vjbiZ wZb †Rv‡Ui B”Qv Abyhvqx wePvicwZ mvnveyÏxb A¯’vqx ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q we‡kl ÿgZv AvB‡bi 16, 17 I 18 b¤^i aviv evwZj K‡ib| d‡j †mÝiwkc I msev`c‡Îi cÖKvkbv evwZjmsµvšÍ AvB‡bi wejywß N‡U| GB AvBb e‡j AvIqvgx jxM, weGbwc I RvZxq cvwU©i miKvi eû cwÎKvi wWwK¬qv‡ikb evwZj K‡i w`‡qwQj| cÖKvwkZ cwÎKvq AvBbwe‡ivax wKQz Qvcv n‡j miKvi Zvi weiæ‡× e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ fwel¨‡Z cwÎKv Kx wjL‡e, Zv Abygvb K‡i cwÎKv eÜ Kiv wQj Pig †¯^”QvPvwiZv| ¯^vaxbZvi ci cÖvq cÖwZwU `j wbR wbR ivR‰bwZK bxwZAv`k© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ cwÎKv cÖKvk Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j `jxq e„‡Ëi evB‡i †h e„nËi RbMY, Zuv‡`i Afve-Awf‡hvM, Avkv-AvKv•ÿvi welqwU Pvcv c‡o hvq| †m mg‡q miKvimg_©K cwÎKv co‡j g‡b n‡Zv †`‡k †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB; mewKQz wVKVvKg‡Zv Pj‡Q| we‡ivax `j¸‡jv †`‡ki weiæ‡× lohš¿ Ki‡Q| Avevi we‡ivax `‡ji cwÎKv co‡j g‡b n‡Zv miKv‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡B †bB| GB wecixZgyLx avivq me‡P‡q ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q mZ¨; hvi Ici mvsevw`KZv †ckv `uvwo‡q _v‡K| AvIqvgx kvmbvg‡j cÖKvwkZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ˆ`wbK I mvßvwnK cwÎKv n‡jv: B‡ËdvK, msev`, ˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb, evsjvi evYx, c~e©‡`k, AvRv`, Rbc`, MYKÉ, ˆ`wbK ¯^‡`k, MYevZ©v, nK K_v, AwfgZ, B‡Ënv`, PigcÎ, bqv hyM, MY evZ©v, evsjvi WvK, AvRv`x, RvMÖZ RbZv, nwj †W, evsjv‡`k UvBgm, evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi, wccjm cÖf…wZ| AvIqvgx jxM miKvi 1975 mv‡j me ivR‰bwZK `j wbwl× K‡i GK`jxq kvmb Kv‡qg K‡i Ges PviwU ˆ`wbK cwÎKv †i‡L evwK cwÎKv wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| wKš‘ †m mgq Lye Kg mvsevw`KB miKv‡ii GB bxwZi weiæ‡× Ae¯’vb wb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| `‡j `‡j wM‡q Zviv evKkv‡j †hvM w`‡q‡Qb| G‡`i g‡a¨ Ggb mvsevw`KI Av‡Qb, hviv cieZ©xKv‡j cÖejfv‡e AvIqvgx jxM we‡ivax ivRbxwZ K‡i‡Qb| cuPvˇii ivR‰bwZK cUcwieZ©b I e½eÜz‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨vi ci hviv ÿgZv `Lj K‡iwQ‡jb, Zviv †ewk w`b ÿgZvq _vK‡Z cv‡ibwb| 7 b‡f¤^‡ii Kw_Z wmcvnx RbZvi wecø‡ei g‡a¨ w`‡q wRqvDi ingvb ÿgZvmxb nb| wZwb AvIqvgx-evKkvj we‡ivax g‡bvfve‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q weGbwc bv‡g GKwU `j K‡ib Ges wb‡RB Gi †Pqvig¨vb nb| wRqvi Avg‡j A‡bK ˆ`wbK I mvßvwnK cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| cwÎKvi †ÿ‡Î wZwb kZdzj †dvUvi bxwZ wb‡jI Zv‡Z mvsevw`KZvi ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ nqwb| miKv‡ii nv‡Z GKvwaK evsjv I Bs‡iwR cwÎKv _vKvi ciI wRqv `jxq gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e ˆ`wbK †`k †ei K‡iwQ‡jb| c~e©m~wii g‡Zv Gikv`I wewfbœ `j †_‡K †jvK fvwM‡q G‡b bZzb `j K‡ib RvZxq cvwU©| GB `‡j †hgb mv‡eK weGbwc I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZviv wQ‡jb, †Zgwb wQ‡jb gvIjvbv gvbœv‡bi g‡Zv †gŠjev`x †bZvI| Gikv`B ivRbxwZi m‡½ ag©‡K mivmwi hy³ K‡ib, ivóªag© AvBb Rvwi K‡ib| Zuvi mg‡q me‡P‡q †ewk cwÎKv eÜ Kiv n‡q‡Q, mvsevw`‡Kiv †R‡j wM‡q‡Qb| Avevi mvsevw`KZvi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjbI n‡q‡Q †ewk| Gikv‡`i Avg‡j wbqwgZ †cÖm A¨vWfvBm AvmZ, GUv Qvcv hv‡e, IUv Qvcv hv‡e bv| miKv‡ii wewawb‡la †gvKvwejvq mvsevw`‡KivI bvbvb †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡ib| †hgb miKvi †NvlYv w`j, we‡ivax `‡ji niZv‡ji Lei Qvcv hv‡e bv| mvsevw`‡Kiv niZv‡ji e`‡j wjL‡jb Kg©m~wP| GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv m¤úv`Kxq cvZv cy‡ivUvB Lvwj †i‡LwQj| GB Ae¯’vb cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK-Gi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| †K›`ªxq miKvi c~e©e‡½ hy³d«›U miKvi †f‡O w`‡q 92/K aviv Rwi Kivi ci ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK m¤úv`Kxq ¯Í¤¢ Lvwj †i‡L wj‡LwQj: wKQzB †jLv †Mj bv| evsjv‡`‡ki mvsevw`‡Kiv wKQzB bv †jLvi Ae¯’vq A‡bKevi c‡o‡Qb| Zuviv cÖwZev`I K‡i‡Qb| Gikv‡`i weiæ‡× mvsevw`K‡`i P~ovšÍ jovB nq 1990 mv‡ji 27 b‡f¤^i| we‡ivax `j‡K †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z miKvi Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwi K‡i, msev`c‡Îi Ici Av‡ivc K‡i K‡Vvi wewawb‡la| ejv nq, miKv‡ii AbygwZ Qvov wKQzB †jLv hv‡e bv| Qvcvi Av‡M mewKQz Z_¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡`i †`wL‡q wb‡Z n‡e| mvsevw`K mgvR wm×všÍ wbj, wewawb‡la cÖZ¨vnvi bv Ki‡j Awbw`©óKvj ag©NU Pj‡e| Gici Gikv` ÿgZvq _vK‡Z Avi †Kv‡bv cwÎKv †ei nqwb| mvsevw`‡Kiv HK¨e× _vKvi Kvi‡YB GB Av‡›`vjb Kiv m¤¢e n‡qwQj| †m mg‡q miKvwi cwÎKv I evZ©v ms¯’vq Kg©iZ mvsevw`‡KivI wm×v‡šÍi evB‡i hvbwb| evsjv‡`‡ki mvsevw`KZvi BwZnv‡m Abb¨ bwRi wQj GwU| 4. beŸB‡q ˆ¯^ivPvix Gikv‡`i cZ‡bi ci MYZ‡š¿i AwfhvÎv ïiæ nq| mvsevw`KZvqI Av‡m bZzb DÏxcbv| cÖKvkbvi msL¨vI `ªæZ †e‡o hvq| 1990 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ cwÎKvi msL¨v wQj 669, c‡ii eQi Zv †e‡o `uvovq 940| 1991 mv‡j AbywôZ wbe©vP‡b weGbwc ÿgZvq Av‡m| AvIqvgx jxM we‡ivax `‡ji Avm‡b e‡m| RvZxq msm‡` cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix me wg‡j ivóªcwZ kvmbe¨e¯’vi e`‡j msm`xq e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡i| wKš‘ msm`xq e¨e¯’vq †hfv‡e RvZxq msm` ivRbxwZi cÖvY‡K›`ª nIqvi K_v, †mwU nqwb| hLb huviv ÿgZvq wQ‡jb, mewKQz `Lj Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wecix‡Z we‡ivax `j ivRc‡_ mgm¨vi mgvavb Lyu‡R‡Q| weGbwc I AvIqvgx jxM, `yB miKv‡ii Avg‡j cÖvq A‡a©K mgq we‡ivax `j msm` eR©b K‡i‡Q| 1994 mv‡j gv¸iv Dcwbe©vPb‡K wb‡q m„ó we‡iva wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii `vwe‡Z iƒc †bq Ges weGbwci evB‡i cÖvq me `j Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`q| wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii `vwei cÖwZ mvsevw`K mgvR GB Avkvq mg_©b Rvwb‡qwQj †h myôy wbe©vPb n‡j MYZš¿ my`„p n‡e Ges mvsevw`KZvi ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ n‡e| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ n‡jv, MYZvwš¿K kvm‡bi wZb `kK ci mvsevw`KZvi ¯^vaxbZv AaivB †_‡K †Mj| c~e©vci miKvi¸‡jv mvsevw`KZvi ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ bv Ki‡jI G wb‡q cixÿv-wbixÿv Kg K‡iwb| weGbwci bxwZwba©vi‡Kiv g‡b Ki‡jb miKv‡ii RbwcÖqZv evov‡Z hy³ivR¨ †_‡K ˆ`wbK evsjvi GKwU ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G Rb¨ miKv‡ii †KvlvMvi †_‡K †gvUv A‡¼i eivÏI cvIqv †Mj| AvIqvgx jxM ÿgZvq Avmvi ci †mB cÖKí evwZj nq| Zv‡`i Avg‡j †Uwjwfkb I †eZv‡ii ¯^vqËkvmb †`Iqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ mv‡eK mwPe AvmvdD‡Ïvjvi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU Kwgkb MVb Kiv n‡qwQj| Kwgk‡bi m`m¨iv wewfbœ †`k Ny‡i mycvwikI †ck K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ ivóªxq †eZvi-wUwf P‡j‡Q Av‡Mi bxwZ‡ZB| GKmgq wewUwf‡K mv‡ne-wewe-†Mvjv‡gi ev· ejv n‡Zv| AvIqvgx jxM miKvi miKvwi gvwjKvbvaxb me cwÎKv eÜ K‡i †`q| wKš‘ miKvwi msev` ms¯’v h_vixwZ Pvjy †i‡L‡Q| AvIqvgx jxM miKvi cÖ_g †emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡bj Pvjyi QvocÎ †`q; 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28 †deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ The COVID-19 situation has laid bare the truth that without leadership, innovation, and adaptability, it is impossible to survive let alone make a difference. In the education sector, the probable effect is much more intense compared to other industries. From the beginning of the Coronavirus outbreak, traditional classrooms were forced to go online, but facilitating classes online is challenging if the educators are not trained, willing to adapt, and commit to keeping up the quality of education delivered. At the current stage of the online study, East Delta University (EDU), being a prominent university of Chattogram, realized the need for a novel endeavor. Hence, they took the lead and planned to flip the classroom to make the learning process smoother with asymmetric teaching methodology. EDU introduced the ‘Flipped Classroom’, the latest trend in the global education arena, as the first university of Bangladesh. Flipped Classroom A ‘flipped classroom’ is a type of blended learning strategy where students are introduced to a topic by utilizing recorded video content and textbook at home. Then, in the classroom, they are given a brief lecture on that particular topic, and after that, students will receive assignments and projects to practice both in classrooms and within the comfort of their homes. This strategy is the reverse of the conventional approach practiced throughout Bangladesh’s educational institutions, Sayeed Al Noman, the Founding Vice-Chairman of EDU, expressed. He said, “We are offering a variety of avenues for our students to choose from to continue their education and set the pace for their autonomous learning. Moreover, a few students are coming to the campus while the rest of the same section attend classes from home, simultaneously. We are calling it a blended learning experience, both on-campus and online. Our faculty members and students are actively practicing the flipped classroom strategy that we have implemented from the beginning of the Spring 2021 semester. The ideas of both blended learning and flipped classrooms are very new in our country, and we are pioneering the adoption while testing its feasibility.” Even with active participation, the students were very keen to return to the campus. Mashfia Rahman, a student from the School of Business, said, “All the joys of university life are on campus. As it’s been closed for a long time, it feels like we have forgotten the joy of studying at the university.” When EDU asked students to join campus to implement the `Flipped Classroom’ strategy, they responded to this call with great interest. They are now participating in the class on a rotation basis. Student Nahin Chowdhury said, “Chatting and roaming with friends in the canteen or university premises after class, singing the chorus to the guitar’s tune, talking with the faculties- these are what university life means to me. These were lost during COVID-19. So now, I am coming to the campus by contacting my friends whenever I get a chance. I also feel safe as the university took necessary measures to ensure the safety of those coming to the campus”. EDU has also taken necessary precautions to provide the best possible safety measures to those entering its premises. It has implemented the ‘Campus movement protocol,’ which all personnel must adhere to. Transformation to Online/Live Classroom This is not the first time EDU took innovative steps to open the door to new ideas to provide its students with the best options available. From the very beginning of the lockdown, EDU actively participated in finding and implementing different means to facilitate the students. Two weeks prior to the official announcement of educational institutions’ closure in March, the university adopted a strategy to shift everything online. From the very next day the closure started, EDU went forward with full-fledged online classes, and since then, no classes were suspended till date. This has been the result of careful long-term planning and investment. Such transformation was possible at the right moment because of continuous digitization and modernization since its inception. #Break_the_Digital_Divide EDU conducted multiple surveys among students prior to and following the online classes. It raised some issues in addition to sincere compliments. The primary concern that came to light was the connectivity issue. Since internet facilities are not the same around Bangladesh, Sayeed Al Noman took the ‘Breaking the Digital Divide’ initiative to solve it. Under the ‘#Breaking_the_Digital_Divide’ initiative, the university decided to provide 30 GB of free internet data per month for faculties and students to make online access and participation seamless. EDU was the pioneer in taking such measures from the early stages of the lockdown. Grameenphone actively participated in this landmark initiative by providing the students with a special SIM card where they sent the Data Bundle every month on behalf of EDU. A few months later, another survey found that students were joining online classes with great enthusiasm and energy. Assessment process synced with latest innovation Besides taking classes online, it’s crucial to also take examinations to continue a student’s academic tenure. During the lockdown period, arranging examinations as well as motivating students to adapt to this new normal, came as a great challenge. East Delta University’s traditional assessment model consisted of class attendance, one or two assignments, a few class tests, midterm and final exams. Inside the assessment model, most emphasis was put on mid and final term examinations. Since the classroom is flipped and students are doing more than the usual, it was found to be a standard best practice of constantly assessing their efforts and grading them as they move forward with a class/lesson/topic. Partnered with Coursera It was postulated that students, faculty members, and admin staff would have extra time to learn new things during the days of lockdown. To make the most out of those trying times, the institute partnered with Coursera. This most successful MOOC platform hosts more than 4,500 general and certification courses offered by renowned universities worldwide. More than 3000 enrollments were recorded from the students, instructors and staff on the platform in a wide variety of courses. Financial Support to the students Realizing the crisis from an early stage of the pandemic, EDU removed all bars on different fees. Late fees were revoked, the deadline for all due payments was relaxed and payments in installments were introduced. To keep the flow of providing services as an educational institute and to carry out various types of expenses, including salaries and allowances of the employees during the pandemic, it was crucial to have the funds. However, EDU took a stand not to force the students regarding clearing their payments despite the situation. Students were given the opportunity to register for the next semester automatically. EDU tried utmost to support the students in the smooth continuation of their studies. Continuation of Salary-Bonus Due to the pandemic and its associated complications, EDU had to go through extreme challenges. The university authority struggled to manage organizational activities. In spite of this, amid the financial crisis in the pandemic, the university authorities have kept the full salary-bonus and retain the regular promotion. While many institutes were seen trimming salaries of employees in Chattogram as new student enrollment immensely dropped, not only the EDU authority provided the full salarybonus but they carried it out in time. This initiative was highly commendable among the employees and was a great example set by the authorities. More than three hundred employees are currently working on EDU as faculty members, officials and staff. The university spends 40 lakhs taka per month on salaries, which was a considerable amount when the income was almost zero during the lockdown period. EDU were able to stay by the side of every staff member, providing their families with the necessary support during this difficult time of the pandemic. Awarded 33 employees with 12-lakh taka When layoffs, intermittent promotions and other benefits became a common practice worldwide job market in the Corona outbreak, EDU took the opposite approach. The authorities honored the 33 teachers and officials of the university in 5 categories for their extraordinary leadership and responsible role apart from the university’s regular responsibilities from the very beginning of the pandemic to the date. Except for the crest, the authorities have also provided financial incentives of 12 lakh for the honor. The ‘Abdullah Al Noman Employee of the Year’ award went to Prof. Dr Rokibul Kabir, Associate Dean of the School of Business among the teachers and Mofazzal Uddin, Assistant Manager, IT & Innovations among the administration. In addition, 31 more people have received awards in four categories- Faculty Leadership Award, Staff Leadership Award, Faculty Performance Award and Staff Performance Award. Re-pinted. Courtesy: The Daily Star # EDU: pioneer of ‘Flipped Classroom’ in Bangladesh Dr M Nazim Uddin, an Associate Professor of EDU School of Engineering, taking a class on ‘Flipped Classroom’

†deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ 29 Continued From Page 32 The miracle is that at times they accomplish this impossible task.” And recognition of these committed efforts by the society has been well spelled out by Evan Esar in the following statement “America believes in education: the average professor earns more money in a year than a professional athlete earns in a whole week.” While ordinary people may fail to appreciate the necessity of science and technology for the progress of humankind, should the leaders follow the footprint of the popular trends or come forward to save humanity by appreciating the feat and encouraging others in the field? What is wrong? In no case should popularity be the only consideration for the degree of appreciation or recognition. The need for civilization, its priority should also be addressed for our survival. However, at the same time academicians have immeasurably failed to play their role in creating due appreciation of the society for knowledge works. In fact, can we confidently say that science has become popular among science students and science workers? Could we be confident that the best student in physics would prefer the association of a renowned scientist than that of a well-known entertainer? If the words physics and scientist are replaced by corresponding entities of entertainment or sports, would there be any doubt in answer to the question? So we have to address the problem of making science events popular among science students, at least as popular as entertainment or sports are popular to them. So far, we have failed to do so. This has made it challenging to organize science events due to the absence of sponsorship, even from technologydriven companies who would prefer to spend their money on other areas than science. Science exhibitions and science week events appear much more thrilling for students with an entertainer or sportsman and not with the presence of a scientist. Students and young people, who will be earning their livelihood in the name of science, find sportspeople and entertainers more attractive than people who excel in their professions. This has resulted not because these young people have the wrong attitude but because the whole society has been ignoring science workers to a level that it is extremely difficult to imagine that knowledge workers could be role models for young people. Scientists are often recognized at the national level with medals that may not have any monetary value, although we do not fail to recognize best cooks or even pickle makers with sizable cash prizes, as we do to the accomplishment of non-academic fields. It seems society feels scientists are priests, should be happy with fragranceless flowers, and do not have any earthly needs to fulfill. In contrast, achievers of any other field should be worshipped with flowers of fragrance and excessive money. The popularity of sports is drawn from the fact that good performance is profusely rewarded. Performance is recorded, analyzed, and grouped in many ways for the consumption of common people. The information is readily available to people of all strata. Moreover, quiz competitions are organized that force these statistics and facts to be memorized by young people. Good performances in sports are so adequately rewarded that the achiever becomes a hero and popular among the common mass in a flush of a second. The same is not valid in the case of academic competitions. We have not been able to popularize academic competitions even in academia. I cannot be sure whether we have recorded feats of great students in public examinations in any country. In Bangladesh, we used to evaluate in 100 marks exam papers of physics, mathematics, or any other subject of our post grade 10 public examinations for some forty years. Nobody knows maximum marks obtained in a subject where some 200,000 students sat for the exam, not to speak of other records. The student, who obtained the highest marks during the 40 years of exams each year of which some 200,000 examinees participated, is gifted with praiseworthy aptitude in the relevant subject. Unfortunately, the examination authority failed to appreciate the feat and was unable to inspire other students with this feat, and possibly failed to create a challenge in young people to beat the records. This feat in academic competitions is much more reliable than in any other field, where the degree of uncertainty is much more than that in any conceivable academic competition. In sports like cricket, we talk about records in the second innings or the fourth wicket. Can we imagine the corresponding statistics in the academic field? How many universities and departments with world-class reputations can claim to have records of students’ performance in various disciplines and different combinations? Only recently in the age of IT, ACM ICPC is finding it extremely difficult to find names of teams that excelled or became world champions in the early days of this competition- that too not of distant old days but as late as 1978 (http://cm.baylor.edu/welcome. icpc). We have immeasurably failed in keeping the list of world champions. Can we name a form of sports in which we have been unable to keep the names? We create information technology and fail immeasurably to use this technology to the benefit and flourish of our field. In contrast, people of other domains are using it to the advantage of their fields. What is to be done? Sports organizers and people in entertainment are highly successful in popularizing their events amongst the common mass. However, the involvement of large sums of money contributes to its popularity. If football and cricket players had received 100 times less money than they are now, these events would have lost their glamour and would not have received this much popularity. If winning the Wimbledon title is a feat that can be recognized by giving prize money of a million pounds, how much should the winning team of ACM ICPC or the champion of the IOI team receive? Is the latter a lesser feat than the former one? In cricket, even cracking a board placed out of the field by a flying ball is rewarded with monetary prizes. Organizers of games and entertainment programs are very successful in attracting CEOs of large enterprises to perform their corporate social responsibility through promoting and sponsoring their events. Academic administrators should also be able to inspire and convince knowledgeable CEOs to invest their resources towards academic events like Olympiads, programming contests, and other events that will sharpen and enrich young people’s skills that will move the civilization forward. Personalities like Alfred Nobel (Nobel Prize) and John Charles Fields (Field’s medal) have done it; different scientific societies have done it to inspire academic and research excellence; if adequately motivated, the leadership of industries will come forward to help promote academic events. To arouse the interest of the common mass events around these academic activities, all possible electronic and printing media should be publicized. Moreover, exciting statistics related to these events should be made readily available to concerned people as sporting statistics are. Events around Academic Activities So if we want academic events to gain popularity, we must create events around it. For example, the International Collegiate Programming Contest was first televised in Stockholm, creating a lot of thrill as to which teams were winning positions. The first solution to a particular problem was awarded. In this way, the fastest solution time can also be awarded. Once upon a time, it was difficult to believe that common people would be watching as boring a mental sport as chess is. Fortunately, even this sport with insignificant body movement could be made popular by televising it. Academic competitions should be opened for public enjoyment without first taking it for granted that there will be no interest among the common mass of these mentally seriously involved games. Olympiads and programming contests should be publicized in mass media to attract the attention of common mass to appreciate the commendable aptitudes of contestants in these events. International Olympiad in Informatics, International Physics Olympiad, and International Mathematics Olympiad should be shown on TVs to inspire young people and find their heroes in the winners of these prestigious events. Achievements in this area should be duly recognized and rewarded to encourage young people’s interest in aptitude and skill-building. Leaders and enthusiasts of programming contests had to survive the ignorance of the results of the International Olympiad in Informatics until IOI2011 organizers decided to come in favor of spectators and made a scoreboard available for them in the same spirit as it is being done in ICPC World Finals. I am sure it was enjoyable for well-wishers of programming contests. How can a game be played with spectators and players kept in complete darkness as to the results? We should begin to think about how excellence in all our academic activities can be enjoyed not only by people in the field but by people at large. Conclusion Human beings are supreme among all creatures not because they have superior organs like legs, arms, body, ears, or eyes. We do not have any superiority in these limbs. Usain Bolt will find himself in hopeless condition running a race against a feverish leopard, nor the strongest of human beings will feel comparable to an elephant in strength. Human beings are superior in their brainpower to any other animal on earth. For the development of each limb, we need to do exercise. This is also true in the case of the development of brain for which exercise is thinking for solving problems. While exercise can only improve the capacity of each of our organs only by a finite times say 2, 3 or 4, brainpower capacity can be improved a thousandfold. For a country like Bangladesh, the only surplus is population, which can be developed into human resources by exercising their brains. This can cost dome effectively with the introduction of healthy competitions with lucrative prize money to attract the country’s young people. We must find ways and means to bring academic competitions to the common mass arouse their interest in these competitions and possibly make all sorts of statistics available, especially to young people, to create avenues for them to excel in their knowledge. We should look for the support of mass, media so that academic events gain popularity in our society, and achievers get better visibility in our society. The future generation does not opt for other activities whence they have the required aptitude and due recognition in society. Leaders of our nations should be convinced of the usefulness of duly recognizing scientific feats and adequately rewarding them so that science and technology are not considered neglected areas of human endeavors. # Good performances in sports are so adequately rewarded that the achiever becomes a hero and popular among the common mass in a flush of a second. The same is not valid in the case of academic competitions. We have not been able to popularize academic competitions even in academia. Popularizing Science and Science Competitions

30 †deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ How important is female labour force participation (FLFP) in economic growth? Bangladesh started its journey as one of the poorest nations with tenth lowest per capita GDP back in 1971. The economic growth and overall performance in the last fifty years is a glorious journey and this has been an example to the developing countries in the world. This is the time to reflect upon the achievements and the loopholes to reach some of the crucial elements of social justice, equal distribution and the emphasis should be wider than the growth itself which lacks the aerial view of the development. The FLFP is owne of the key components to reflect social justice, equal rights and this also amplifies the key goal of GDP growth. FLFP rate is the percentage of the female population aged 15 and older who are economically active. This is an important contributor in UN sustainable development goals not only for Goal 1- No poverty, Goal 2- Zero hunger, Goal 5- gender equality, Goal 10- reduced inequality, but also for most of the goals with numerous positive trickle down effects. FLFP in Bangladesh was reported at 36.37 % in 2019 compared to 84% for men according to the World Bank. To get a better perspective, the world average in 2019 based across 181 countries is 47.29 %. Female participation in the formal sector is rising especially in RMG but still women are heavily involved as unpaid family workers or low productivity and low paid daily jobs in the rural areas. FLFP in south Asia shows a growing trend with Nepal scoring the highest at 81.52 % and India at lowest at 20.79 % in 2019. There is a U- shaped relationship for female workforce participation and GDP growth rate that shows that at the early stage of development there is a falling rate of female employment which rises later. Due to the structural changes in the economy from an agricultural to an industrialized economy, FLFP tends to decline at the early stages of economic development, and afterward with the transition from secondary to tertiary sector and modernisation, fertility rates decline and female education level increases. Studies has focussed that lower gender gap contributes towards economic development through reduced fertility and creation of human capital. Moreover exportoriented industrialisation supported by the female labour force also can enhance economic growth. FLFP and contribution in Bangladesh economy: Female participation shows that there was a sharp rise in labour force growth during the second half of the 1990s. The subsequent decline in female labour force growth during 2000-03 seems to reflect the fall in GDP growth rate during the same period. Overall trend analysis shows a positive relationship between economic growth and the growth of the female labour force. So the U shaped relationship does not match the scenario of Bangladesh as FLFP has increased with GDP growth rate since 1990. The increasing trend of participation can be explained by the spread of micro credit program. During the past three decades, there has been a rapid expansion in the coverage of microcredit programmes run by various NGOs as well as government agencies. Much of the microcredit is used for economic activities in poultry and livestock and in rudimentary non-farm activities. Hence, it is not surprising to see a sharp rise in women’s participation in the labour force as well as an increase in their share in agriculture. In the early 90s there was also a rapid growth of RMG and female workers are major contributors in the RMG sector where the low skilled female workers can be a part of the formal sector and can play an important role in their family as a earning member. Female workers working in the RMG sector initially migrated with the family and they became the nearly two-thirds of total employment in the garment industry. Female entrepreneurship is also increasing but women make up only 7 % of over 7 million entrepreneurs in the country.Quality of employment of female labourers can also be analysed through their position on the occupational ladder. Very few employed women are found to be at the top of the occupational ladder and more than half of women are engaged in agriculture. In addition to agriculture, a high percentage of women are working in crafts, traderelated activities and in the RMG sector. Among the female workers 35 % are professionals but only 11% of managerial positions were held by women in 2016-17. Challenges of FLFP in Bangladesh: There is a trend of low female labour force participation in the South Asian economies. Cultural barriers, child marriage, lower attainment in school and higher education and with major care giver in the family, female participation in the workforce is a challenging issue. There are issues such as wage differential between men and women in the informal sector. Female workers as a flexible participator and secondary earner lead to low quality jobs accessed by them. With inequitable gender based allocation of unpaid work, double duty for women leaving no discretionary hours leads to “time poverty” and this is an additional barrier for women to participate in the formal labour force. In Bangladesh, women’s informal employment as a percentage of their non- agricultural employment was 91.3 as compared to 88, 68 and 57 in India, Indonesia and Philippines. One of the underlying reasons for the underrepresentation of female participation is due to lack of decision making power with high patriarchy in Bangladesh society. RMG sector acknowledges the highest participation of female employment and with the high representation in the RMG sector it has been identified that women employed in this sector have a lower mean average age compared to their male counterparts. It is preferred to employ young females as they have more flexibility than married women and female workers do not join trade unions or are in less bargaining power compared to male workers with limited job opportunities. A study by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and ILO (2011) looked at the labour market situation in Asian countries and found that gender inequalities are rooted not only in social and cultural norms but are also in the policy and institutional environment. A BRAC survey also found that 94% of women face street harassment. Supply side constraints in FLFP include different factors such as demographic, economic and social norms and attitudes. Socioeconomic factors include household income, age, marital status, education, household dependency ratio. Demand side constraints are firm level characteristics, location, technology and others. More holistic issues, such as child marriage and early pregnancy, coupled with reproductive and domestic responsibilities also contribute to low FLFP. Current policy and future measures: In the current scenario institutional efforts are present such as building capacity for improving female workforce participation with policy and measures. Female enrolment in primary education exceeds male enrolment in recent years as an effect of the emphasis of Bangladesh Govt. on Primary education. But Bangladesh has the highest child marriage and high school drop out across South Asia and Lower middle income countries for females. After the pandemic this scenario was more depressing when half of girls reported that they are spending less time on Assistant Professor East Delta University Female participation in the labour force of Bangladesh and a way forward Ananya Nandy See Next Page >>

†deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ 31 education than before the lockdown with 94% reporting increased time on household chores or childcare. But even if the target of education is met this cannot itself rectify the supply side constraint without a transformed social structure and other support system at the institutional level. Many initiatives have contributed toward an increase in the FLFP such as financial incentives and stipend programs, family planning, and micro credit at different levels. On the flipside only 5% of the women that take out microcredit loans have total control over their loans. More than 42% of the women do not have saving accounts and they cannot make the financial decisions independently. But both in the urban and rural sector, female participation also need decision making capacity for financial capacity building and family planning. Legal institutional barrier such as sexual harassment policies, child care facilities, making public space safe for women, maternity and paternity leave policy will encourage female workers to participate in the labour force. Paternity leave will ensure father’s responsibility in the child rearing responsibility and empower female workers. For Capacity building it is not sufficient to focus on female education but also to encourage girls to study science, technology and math to create equal opportunity to get jobs in male dominated sectors. Moreover the social structure that supports educated females to be opted as the secondary source of income works as one of the demotivating factor to participate in the workforce. There is rising concern due to the fourth industrial revolution and automation which is going to affect the female labour force more adversely from the experience of the Philippines, where men and women will not experience job losses from automation equally. It is predicted that men will gain one job for every three jobs lost to advanced technology, whereas women are expected to get one job for every five or more jobs lost. There are different programs to alleviate female poverty, to stop abuse in family and workplace, to stop female trafficking. In addition to the existing policies and challenges there are more challenges to deal with when the women labour force is already lacking behind. There should be increased share of expenditure on women development, greater access to credit and facilities for women entrepreneurs, women’s access and share to private property, more training for SME, and women’s quota in jobs in different sectors. Given the concentration of women in low-skill occupations, policy interventions to attract more women into skills training programmes are necessary. Subsidised accommodation, public– private partnerships (PPPs) in lowcost housing and bus services solely for women are some of the many interventions that can help to bring more females in the workforce. With the existing policy and law, awareness generation from the primary school years to all levels is much required so that the target group can be benefited. To reduce gender gap female students should also be encouraged in participation in sports and any co-curricular activities. Informed and educated women who have instilled the mind-set from the early years of life can participate in the latter stage of life and can also ensure their right to inherit share in wealth and make important contributions in family decisions to improve the financial condition of the family. Glimpse of hope: If the FLFP were raised to the same as for men, the labour force of Bangladesh would be increased by 43%. This increased women participation would help bring about a 27% increase in gross domestic product with the given capital stock (Asian Development Bank). There are many limitations to increase FLFP though Bangladesh is performing better among the countries of South Asia. Bangladesh has held its topmost position among the countries of South Asia in ensuring gender equality, for the seventh time in a row, according to a latest report by the World Economic Forum. In the current parliament 21% of seats are occupied by female representatives. Bangladesh is the only country led by women as the head of state position for twenty seven years longer than men in the last fifty years. Govt. have focused on this issue and many projects and polices are undertaken by the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs to empower women and bring them in the workforce. So we should focus on female workforce participation to reap the benefits of economic growth and sustainable development. With an emphasis on education and other social and legal infrastructure to support female empowerment from the both private and public sector, Bangladesh can set an example with empowered women and their contributions in the workforce. As Nobel laureate and famous economist Amartya Sen says- ”Empowering women is a key to building a future we want” , Bangladesh can achieve true development by making its female labour force active and efficient.# Continued From Page 32 better growth, promotion, and the marketing of the tourism industry in Bangladesh. The tourism industry is an emerging industry in Bangladesh and has seen tremendous improvement in the last few years. Bangladesh’s tourism sector has experienced growth in recent years, particularly in the last decade. The tourism master plan was recently launched to reshape the industry, which stalled the Corona epidemic. Bangladesh’s Tourism Revenue reached 391 million USD in Dec 2019, compared with 357 million USD in the previous year. However, the sector has already lost around Tk 14,000 crore (http://tourismboard. portal.gov.bd). Since tourism is not a productive industry, it is time to make up for this loss. For a country to become successful in tourism and to be able to make its mark in this competitive global industry, it needs to focus on the importance of a favourable image for its tourist destinations to attract tourists, which would enable it to create the highest value of positive image hence increasing its chances to be considered during the destination selection process. According to the Financial express (2019), Bangladesh received around 0.6 million foreign tourists in 2018. Whereelse India received 10.04 million and Nepal received 1.4 million foreign tourists simultaneously. So, it is evident that Bangladesh lags far behind its South Asian neighbours in effectively attracting foreign tourists to its shore. The tourism industry in Bangladesh is not just about offering beautiful places to the tourist to visit. Other essential provisions combine to create a complete and adequate structure for sustainable and thriving tourism industry. Starting from tourism spots, easy communication service, state of the art accommodations and entertainment facilities, rich culture, diverse and appealing cuisines, adequate infrastructure, hospitable and welcoming attitude of the native people, and security are some of the significant components for creating a tourist-friendly environment. In Bangladesh, the infrastructure facilities do not adequately serve the tourism industry. Experts in this field say that the most significant problem the tourists face, which may put off the tourists from traveling to enjoy the attractions, is its weak communication service. The extreme condition of its roads and transportation service does create a negative perception among the visitors. Although in recent years some efforts from the government are visible to improve the transportation and communication service, in the long run, an organized and planned development of the communication service must be implemented keeping in mind about the tourism sector among other important and relevant factors. The accommodation facility and its cost are other critical drawbacks that the tourism industry faces. Most importantly, it is imperative to note that the accommodations cost in Bangladesh is high enough for the average domestic and international tourists. Although different facts and figures from various relevant studies show the growing tendency of the local people towards tours and travel, it also draws our due attention towards the critical issue that Bangladesh is not being able to attract a high number of foreign tourists. Moreover, an increasing number of local tourists who are exhausted and tired of the overused tourist sites, activities, and facilities are increasingly inclining towards foreign tours to gain new experiences and views. The tourists judged very poorly the level of night entertainment, tour information, advertisement, and traveling agency services of the Bangladesh tourism industry. Equally, a country’s image plays a vital role in choosing a particular destination to visit. The tourism industry of Bangladesh failed to grow at a phenomenal value like its South Asian neighbours, namely India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, not because it lacks adequate attraction sights but primarily because of the ineffective promotional activities. Foreign tourists visiting the website of Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation (BPC) to know more about Bangladesh tourism will be utterly disappointed with its view as it sufficiently lacks both the attractiveness and adequate information such as well-captured appealing pictures of the famous tourist sites, accommodation facilities, transportation modes and distance from the country capital. On the other hand, if we take a look at the tourism webpage of some of our neighbouring countries, for instance; Sri-Lanka Tourism Development Authority or Tourism Council of Bhutan, these Webpages are equipped with ingredients that portray a very appealing and welcoming feeling to the visitors with scenic view and modern touch to its web design. Bangladesh is earnestly seeking foreign investment for the development of its tourism industry. Prospective investors worldwide are encouraged to visit Bangladesh and discover new business opportunities in the country’s nascent tourism industry. Like other South Asian economies, Bangladesh has been able to build a favourable investment climate in the tourism sector. The Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism needs to provide a one-stop service for prospective investors. Besides, several steps have already been taken by the GoB to improve road communication and air links, especially for tourism-based areas, to provide a much better service for tourists. Analogous to other developing countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and UAE, Bangladesh’s tourism industry will be considered one of the significant sources of foreign currency earning.# After Previous Page >> HURDLES OF TOURISM INDUSTRY

32 †deªæqvwi 2023, el© 5, msL¨v 4 www.facebook.com /eastdeltauniversity1 www.linkedin.com /school/east-delta-university-bd1/ https://www.instagram.com /eastdeltauniversity/ Scientists and engineers have played a significant role in creating the civilization of the present day from those of ancient times when human beings could not establish their superiority over other species. Nevertheless, it does not appear that our society is yet ready to recognize the hard work knowledge workers put together to create a better world for all of us. Ease of life and societal recognition does not appear to be for these dedicated souls who work so hard to discover the truth of Nature and utilize it to benefit humankind. Each branch of science and technology is fathomed; new branches are created by scientists and engineers, although they are not as much recognized as workers of other fields of the walk. It is now becoming more and more difficult for newcomers to extend the horizon of any branch of science and technology. We need many dedicated, brilliant souls to work in many different fields and their still more significant intersections. Never did human civilization face a situation where it required more knowledge workers than now. But unfortunately, leaders of civilization do not seem to appreciate the need to develop science and technology for the civilization to sustain and prosper. This era has become too market-oriented, with commitment and dedication being replaced by the market economy. Our bright students with praiseworthy aptitude in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and other branches of science and technology are opting for education in different branches that they did not pursue their education in only because now opportunities in those branches have been too much for them to take their eyes away and stick to the field they have proven capability and aptitude in. Society seems to have lost its grip to ensure its survival and enrichment. However, responsibility of this selfdestruction of the society should not only be borne by the overall leaders of the society, it will also lie on the shoulders of knowledge workers who are failing to convince the society of their usefulness for the survival of the civilization. No field of human endeavors can be neglected even the least recognized, least appreciated, sufficiently ignored field of science and technology since, without it, no other area of human endeavors can survive, not to speak of excelling. We know sports and entertainment are trendy in our society of homo sapiens, be it fierce like wrestling, boxing, or Spanish-style bullfighting (Corrida de Toros). However, we are supposed to excel over other species, especially in our brainpower and not necessarily in our brutal power or strength. A sportsman of the highest order of popularity, say in football, is appreciated and awarded by our society with a sum of some 100 million Euros at the age of thirty! There are hundreds of the highest achievers in science and technology who are recognized for their achievement by Nobel prizes only at the flag end of their life when they could hardly enjoy these earthly awards. The commitment of science workers/educationists can be hardly exaggerated although being sufficiently ignored by society. Can this difference in recognition be logically established? Dr. Haim Ginott once rightly phrased, “Teachers are expected to reach unattainable goals with inadequate tools. See Page 29 Popularizing Science and Science Competitions Dr. M Kaykobad Professor, BRAC University; Fellow, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences HURDLES OF TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH Dr. Rashed Al Karim With a land area of 147,570 square kilometres and a population of 159.4 million people, Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries and an emerging economy in Southern Asia. Its west, north, and north-east parts are bordered by India, while Myanmar borders its south-east, and the Bay of Bengal connects its southern part. The country’s climate is subtropical, with six distinct seasons. Because of its unique geographical location, Bangladesh is blessed with fascinating natural beauty, including the world’s largest mangrove forest, the world’s longest natural beach, hill tracts, tea estates, islands, and numerous archaeological sites, and accordingly, the tourism industry of Bangladesh is consistently regarded as one of the most promising industries in the world. Despite this, the business is far from booming, and the government only recently appears to have realized the industry’s potential if given the proper assistance. On the other hand, tourism has not been deemed an industry during the first 28 years of the country’s existence and was only recognized as one in 1999. Since then, while the growth has not been phenomenal, there has been progress, which has revealed the massive potential of the industry. Bangladesh has experienced a growth rate of between 5-6.5% in the last decade, with the RMG sector being the primary source of foreign currency. The risk of overdependence on one industry for foreign currency inflow is very high and can have negative ramifications if a downturn hits the industry. The government has been actively looking to diversify the export basket, and the tourism sector can be a promising alternative. The export sector also has many other positive economic benefits such as employment generation and multipliers impacts on the expansion of linked industries and poverty alleviation. Recently, the Bangladesh government recognized the importance of the tourism industry’s contribution to its economic, social, and environmental circumstances. Consequently, the government has decided to combine both the tourism department and the private corporation into one institute to enhance harmonization, See Page 31 Associate professor East Delta University □ m¤úv`K: mvC` Avj †bvgvb, cÖwZôvZv fvBm †Pqvig¨vb □ wbe©vnx m¤úv`K: Zvbfxi wcqvj, Gw·wKDwUf, wgwWqv wi‡jkÝ □ B÷ †Wëv BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ gyLcÎ □ I‡qemvBU: www.eastdelta.edu.bd □ †dmeyK : facebook.com/eastdeltauniversity1 □ †hvMv‡hvM: B÷ †Wëv BDwbfvwm©wU, †bvgvb †mvmvBwU, c~e© bvwmivev`, Lyjkx, PÆMÖvg-4209, evsjv‡`k □ Kj: 01311-104531, 01311-104532, 01311-104534, 01311-104537 □ B-†gBj: [email protected] □ †jLv cvVv‡Z: [email protected] Nutan Chandra Singha Binod Bihari Chowdhury • Nutan Chandra Sinha Scholarship • Binod Bihari Chowdhury Scholarship These scholarships were envisioned by BoT’s Founding Vice Chairman, Mr. Sayeed Al Noman who took personal interest and initiative in formalizing and implementing the said awards. Advocate Rana Dasgupta, Senior Prosecutor, International Crimes Tribunal, General Secretary of the Hindu-BuddhistChristian Unity Council.