Implementation of a clinical pathway: Management of acute exacerbations
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD)
Abstract
Rationale aims, and objectives: Clinical pathways (CP) have the ability
to educate providers on guideline-driven recommendations and reduce
readmission rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to
the 2020 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)
guideline recommendations for the management of an AECOPD after the
implementation of an educational CP. Methods: This study was an
observational quality improvement study targeting COPD exacerbation
hospitalizations with a three-month pre-intervention period from January
to March 2020 and a five-month post-intervention period from January to
May 2021, following the implementation of a CP. Patients were included
if they were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of an AECOPD. The
primary endpoint was to assess adherence to guideline recommendations.
Secondary endpoints included an evaluation of oxygen support
requirement, hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rates,
admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and requirement of
mechanical ventilation (MV). Results: There were a total of 78 patients
included in this study. There was a significant improvement in guideline
appropriate inhalers prescribed at discharge [85%, n=24 vs. 44%,
n=22, p=0.01], antibiotic therapy for an AECOPD [90%, n=25 vs.
61%, n =30, p =0.02], smoking cessation pharmacotherapy [80%, n=22
vs. 29%, n=14, p=0.004] and counseling [89%, n=25 vs.15%, n=8,
p=0.002] prior to discharge within the post-intervention group
compared to the pre-intervention group. A significant reduction in the
requirement of oxygen support was demonstrated within the
post-intervention group after the implementation of a CP (p=0.03).
Conclusion: The implementation of a CP can improve adherence to
guideline recommendations and reduce the need of oxygen support for the
management of AECOPD.