Lithops Scrapbook III

Introduction

This is a continuation of the Lithops Scrapbook project, and it exists to prevent Lithops Scrapbook II from becoming over complicated to navigate. Exactly the same principles are followed here.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations used throughout the text include:-

• ‘acf’ = aberrant colour form
• C = Cole (Lithops colony) number
• ‘Cole’88’ = D.T. COLE, LITHOPS - FLOWERING STONES (1988)
• ‘Cole’05’ = D.T.& N.A. COLE, LITHOPS - FLOWERING STONES (2005)
• “Cole monographs” = both of the above books combined
• G-(type ‘acf’) = "instances of plants which lack their normal pigmentation and have an unusually green or yellow green basic colour" (‘Cole’88’ p. 83), written as “YG” in ‘Cole’88’.
• ‘Hammer (2010)’ = STEVEN A. HAMMER - LITHOPS TREASURES OF THE VELD 2nd edition (2010)
• I.C.B.N. or Botanical Code = International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (this became the “International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants” in 2011)
• I.C.N. or Botanical Code = International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (formerly the “International Code of Botanical Nomenclature")
• I.C.N.C.P. or Cultivated Plant Code = International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
• L. = Lithops
• M.S.G. = Mesemb. Study Group
• M.S.G. Bulletin = Quarterly publication of the M.S.G.
• R-(type ‘acf’) = “red mutant” (‘Cole’05’ p. 14), simply written as “R” in ‘Cole’88’.
• ‘Shimada (2001)’ = YASUHIKO SHIMADA – THE GENUS LITHOPS (2001)
• subsp. = subspecies, subspecies
• var. = varietas, variety
• W- (type ‘acf’) = "instances of white flowers in species which are normally yellow flowering" (‘Cole‘88’ p. 83), written as “A” in ‘Cole’88’.
• Y- (type 'acf') = instances of yellow flowers on normally white flowering Lithops (‘Cole’05’ p. 67)
• * = invalid, unestablished or excluded name, number or status.

Photographic images are reproduced with the permission of the © holders. Text and author photographs © Keith Green.

Lithops Scrapbook III preamble

In 2021 it became necessary to introduce Lithops Scrapbook III so as to make the wider Lithops Scrapbook project, which began in 1992, easier to follow and to accommodate a sudden plethora of information from Japan.

Much has changed in society since 1992, not least the rise of greenhouse culture in the Far East and an increased reliance on computer based technology. Whilst this brings benefits, it has also become all too easy to invent fictitious cultivar names or sell seed of dubious identity. Serious growers and fellow students of the genus are therefore urged not to take everything at face value and to check for facts, especially before parting with money.

For all its benefits, easy access to global satellite positioning systems has also been of assistance to poachers. It is a sad reflection on our species that so much of the natural world is regarded as free to plunder for financial profit. The recent large scale removal of habitat plants is despicable and I only hope the culprits are one day brought to justice. Those involved in illegal poaching at any level need to be exposed, shamed and prosecuted. Although the chances of adequate punishment seem remote, it is our duty to do all we can so save what remains of the natural world.

The inappropriate use of “C” numbers also needs to be addressed. “C” numbers or “Cole collection numbers” are those given to particular localities (or colonies) by the Coles’ alone, where historically and legally they collected specimens of Lithops. Only Lithops seed or plants thus collected, or specimens grown from seed produced directly from those plants may sport C-numbers. Plants and seed offered for sale today are many generations removed from the original source so cannot be pure. The invention of new “C” numbers sporting letters to denote aberrations such as *”C54A” for example is also inappropriate. The use of “ex-C??” is however acceptable should an individual so wish. This is a direct request from Naureen Cole.

While all “SCRAPBOOKLITHOPS” notes are presented as facts either researched by or presented to the author, I think it possible some greenhouse produced cultivars are of undocumented hybrid origin.

Maintaining Cole principles, the following are Lithops that were validly published in accordance with the I.C.N. (formerly the I.C.B.N.) or established in accordance with the I.C.N.C.P. subsequent to Lithops Scrapbook II.

Lithops Classification

The classification system here remains firmly based on that presented by Cole & Cole in 2005.

Newly introduced Lithops are highlighted here with blue links. Lithops highlighted in brown are noted in Lithops Scrapbook I (viewable & downloadable from this web site) and Lithops highlighted solely in bold are noted in Lithops Scrapbook II (also viewable from this web site). The Lithops written in standard font are the base plants described in the "Cole monographs" and noted in the basics section of this website.

The up to date Lithops classification list is now held in Lithops Scrapbook IV.

• 'Amethyst'
• amicorum D.T.Cole
• amicorum D.T.Cole ‘Freckled Friend’
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae 'Betty’s Beryl'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae 'Corona'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae ‘Halo’
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae 'Jackson’s Jade'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae ‘Rudesheim Ruby’
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae 'Storms's Snowcap'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. koelemanii (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. koelemanii (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole 'Charming Mustard'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. euniceae
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. euniceae ‘Bellaketty’
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. euniceae 'Hikoruby'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. fluminalis D.T.Cole

• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. fluminalis D.T.Cole 'Chieruby'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. fluminalis D.T.Cole ‘Gariep Juweel’
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. fluminalis D.T.Cole 'Mado-Chieruby'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. fluminalis D.T.Cole 'Mado-Yogetugyoku'
• aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole var. fluminalis D.T.Cole ‘Spotted Dog’
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. bromfieldii
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. bromfieldii ‘Noemie's Kiwi’
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. bromfieldii ‘White Nymph’
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. glaudinae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. glaudinae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole ‘Embers’
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. glaudinae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole 'Strawberry Jam'
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. insularis (L.Bol.) B.Fearn
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. insularis (L.Bol.) B.Fearn 'Sulphurea'
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. mennellii (L.Bol.) B.Fearn
• bromfieldii L.Bol. var. mennellii B.Fearn 'Shinano Gold Moon'
• bromfieldii L.Bol. 'Desert River'
• bromfieldii L.Bol.‘Red Coral’
• ‘Chinchillas ZW’
• coleorum S.A.Hammer & Uijs
• coleorum S.A.Hammer & Uijs ‘Lindsey Deaves’
• comptonii L.Bol. var. comptonii
• comptonii L.Bol. var. weberi (Nel) D.T.Cole
• dinteri Schwant. subsp. dinteri var. dinteri
• dinteri Schwant. subsp. dinteri var. dinteri 'Dintergreen'
• dinteri Schwant. subsp. dinteri var. brevis (L.Bol.) B.Fearn
• dinteri Schwant. subsp. frederici (D.T.Cole) D.T.Cole
• dinteri Schwant. subsp. multipunctata (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole

• divergens L.Bol. var. divergens
• divergens L.Bol. var. divergens ‘Pearl Blush’
• divergens L.Bol. var. amethystina H.W.deBoer
• divergens L.Bol. var. amethystina H.W.deBoer 'Sunny Grassland ZW'
• dorotheae Nel
• dorotheae Nel 'Akahada Reikogyoku'
• dorotheae Nel 'Kihada Reikogyoku'
• dorotheae Nel 'Red Phoenix'
• dorotheae Nel 'Zorro'
• francisci Dint. & Schwant.
• fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. fulviceps
• fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. fulviceps 'Aurea'
• fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. lactinea D.T.Cole
• fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. laevigata D.T.Cole
• gesinae H.W.de Boer var. gesinae
• gesinae H.W.de Boer var. annae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole
• gesinae H.W.de Boer var. annae (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole ‘Hanawared’
• geyeri Nel
• geyeri Nel 'White Silk'
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata 'Café au lait'
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata 'Ernst's Witkop'
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata 'Snow Fog'
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata 'Paw Pads'
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata 'Vein'
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. waldroniae H.W.de Boer
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. waldroniae H.W.de Boer 'Fritz's White Lady'
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. brandbergensis
• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. brandbergensis ‘Vertigo’

• gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. brandbergensis 'Vertivein'
• gracilidelineata Dint. 'Brandcafé'
• 'Grain Rain ZW'
• hallii H.W.de Boer var. hallii
• hallii H.W.de Boer var. hallii 'Black Spiderweb'
• hallii H.W.de Boer var. hallii 'Sakkie's Green'
• hallii H.W.de Boer var. ochracea (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole
• hallii H.W.de Boer var. ochracea (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole 'Green Soapstone'
• ‘Harlequin’
• helmutii L.Bol.
• hermetica D.T.Cole
• hermetica D.T.Cole ‘Green Diamond’
• herrei L.Bol.
• herrei L.Bol. 'Splendido'
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. hookeri
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. hookeri 'Envy'
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. dabneri (L.Bol.) D.T.Cole
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. dabneri (L.Bol.) D.T.Cole ‘Annarosa’
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. dabneri (L.Bol.) D.T.Cole 'Olive Rose'
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. elephina (D.T.Cole) D.T.Cole
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. lutea (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. lutea (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole 'Aubarede'
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. marginata (Nel) D.T.Cole
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. marginata (Nel) D.T.Cole 'Shimada's Apricot'
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. subfenestrata (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. susannae (D.T.Cole) D.T.Cole
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. susannae (D.T.Cole) D.T.Cole 'White Susan'
• hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. 'Red Planet'
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii ‘Chatora’
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii ‘Honey Lips ZW’

• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii 'Hotlips'
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii 'Peppermint Creme'
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii ‘Red Reticulata’
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii ‘Yukari’
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii 'Yunmeng Lake ZW'
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. fulleri
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. fulleri 'Fullergreen'
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. fulleri ‘Limelight’
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. brunnea H.W.de Boer
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. rouxii (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. rouxii (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole 'Green Stitch'
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. ‘Morning Fog’
• julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. ‘Nine Rivers ZW’
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana '50 Shades of Gray'
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana 'Cookie'
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana 'De Boer's Mick'
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana 'Karasbijin'
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘Rosary’
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘Lateritia’
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘Opalina’

• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘Top Red’
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. aiaisensis (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. aiaisensis (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole ‘Orange Ice’
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. immaculata D.T.Cole
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. lericheana (Dint. &Schwant.) D.T.Cole
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. lericheana (Dint. &Schwant.) D.T.Cole 'Lerichegreen’
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. lericheana (Dint. & Schwant.) D.T.Cole 'Mado-Shugengyoku'
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. tischeri D.T.Cole
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. bella (N.E.Br.) D.T.Cole
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. bella (N.E.Br.) D.T.Cole 'Cascade'
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. bella (N.E.Br.) D.T.Cole 'Ironstone'
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. eberlanzii (Dint. & Schwant.) D.T.Cole
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. eberlanzii (Dint. & Schwant.) D.T.Cole 'Avocado Cream'
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. eberlanzii (Dint. & Schwant.) D.T.Cole ‘Purper’
• karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. 'Axel's Rose'
• ‘Kikukaseki’
• ‘Kikushogyoku’
• ‘Kosogyoku’
• ‘Lava Flow’

• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei 'Albiflora'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei 'Albinica'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei 'Cherry'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei ‘Fred’s Redhead’
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei 'Green Top'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei 'Hanabi'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei 'Pietersgreen'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei 'Pietersruby'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei 'Storm's Albinigold'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var hornii H.W.de Boer
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. hornii H.W.de Boer 'Greenhorn'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. mariae D.T.Cole
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. mariae D.T.Cole 'Mariagreen'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. minor H.W.de Boer
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. minor H.W.de Boer 'Witblom'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. rubrobrunnea H.W.de Boer
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. venteri (Nel) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. venteri (Nel) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom ‘Black Top’
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. venteri (Nel) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom 'Citrina'
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. venteri (Nel) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom ‘Pepper Pot’
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. venteri (Nel) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom ‘Ventergreen’
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei ‘Bronzino’
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei ‘Fred’s Redhorn’
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. burchellii D.T.Cole
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei ‘South Lake ZW’
• lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. ‘Sage Sun’s Hairs -ZW-’

• marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. marmorata
• marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. marmorata 'Geel Blom'
• marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. marmorata 'Golden Mane'
• marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. marmorata 'Polepsky Smaragd'
• marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. elisae (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole
• meyeri L.Bol.
• meyeri L.Bol. 'Hammeruby'
• ‘Moss Agate’
• 'Murasaki-Kikukaeski’
• 'Murasaki-Kikushogyoku’
• naureeniae D.T.Cole
• ‘Nuwa Stone ZW’
• olivacea L.Bol. var. olivacea
• olivacea L.Bol. var. olivacea ‘Angel's of Tony’
• olivacea L.Bol. var. olivacea D.T.Cole 'Voldemort's Visage'
• olivacea L.Bol. var. nebrownii D.T.Cole
• olivacea L.Bol. var. nebrownii D.T.Cole 'Red Olive'
• optica (Marl.) N.E.Br.
• optica (Marl.) N.E.Br. 'Opticagold'
• optica (Marl.) N.E.Br. 'Rubra'
• optica (Marl.) N.E.Br. ‘Rubragold’
• optica (Marl.) N.E.Br. 'Rubra Henge'
• optica (Marl.) N.E.Br. ‘Ruby’
• otzeniana Nel
• otzeniana Nel 'Aquamarine'
• otzeniana Nel 'Cesky Granat'
• otzeniana Nel. 'Frik Green'
• otzeniana Nel. 'Frik Grey'
• otzeniana Nel. 'Midori-Otsue'
• otzeniana Nel. 'Yamato Granat'

• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. pseudotruncatella
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. pseudotruncatella 'Albiflora'
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. pseudotruncatella 'Matchless Green'
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. pseudotruncatella ‘Springbloom’
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. elisabethiae (Dint.) H.W.deBoer &B.K. Boom
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. elisabethiae (Dint.) H.W.de Boer & B.K. Boom ‘White Queen’
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. riehmerae D.T.Cole
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. riehmerae D.T.Cole ‘Green Ivory’
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. archerae (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. archerae (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole 'Kegon'
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. archerae (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole 'Split Pea'
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. dendritica (Nel) D.T.Cole
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. groendrayensis (Jacobs.) D.T.Cole
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. schoemanii R.A.Earlẻ & R.R.J.Uijs
• pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. volkii (Schwant. ex H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom) D.T.Cole
• ruschiorum (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. var. ruschiorum
• ruschiorum (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. var. ruschiorum ‘Silver Reed’
• ruschiorum (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. var. lineata (Nel) D.T.Cole
• salicola L.Bol.
• salicola L.Bol. ‘Daikangyoku’
• salicola L.Bol. 'Malachite'
• salicola L.Bol. 'Sato’s Violet'

• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. schwantesii
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. schwantesii 'Purple Haze'
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. marthae (Loesch & Dint.) D.T.Cole
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. rugosa (Dint.) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. rugosa (Dint.) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom 'Blue Moon'
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. rugosa (Dint.) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom 'Shagreen'
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. urikosensis (Dint.) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. urikosensis (Dint.) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom 'Bethanien Green’
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. urikosensis (Dint.) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom 'Nutwerk'
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. schwantesii var. urikosensis (Dint.) H.W.de Boer & B.K.Boom 'Witspook'
• schwantesii Dint. subsp. gebseri (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole
• ‘Silwersalm’
• steineckeana Tisch.
• ‘Sunflowers ZW’
• ‘Sunstone’
• ‘Talisman’
• terricolor N.E.Br.
• terricolor N.E.Br. ‘Chocolate Sprinkles’
• terricolor N.E.Br. ‘Green Sandpoort’
• terricolor N.E.Br. ‘Pinky’
• terricolor N.E.Br. 'Silver Spurs'
• terricolor N.E.Br. 'Speckled Gold'
• terricolor N.E.Br. 'Steamy Windows'
• terricolor N.E.Br. 'Violetta'

• vallis-mariae (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br.
• vallis-mariae (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. ‘Valley Girl'
• verruculosa Nel var. verruculosa
• verruculosa Nel var. verruculosa 'Chrysoberyl'
• verruculosa Nel var. verruculosa 'Fireworks -ZW-'
• verruculosa Nel var. verruculosa 'Rose of Texas'
• verruculosa Nel var. verruculosa 'Sandstorm'
• verruculosa Nel var. verruculosa 'Verdigris'
• verruculosa Nel var. glabra H.W.deBoer
• verruculosa Nel var. glabra H.W.deBoer 'Scarlet'
• villetii L.Bol. subsp. villetii
• villetii L.Bol. subsp. deboeri (Schwant.) D.T.Cole
• villetii L.Bol. subsp. deboeri (Schwant.) D.T.Cole 'Orihime'
• villetii L Bol. subsp. kennedyi (H.W.deBoer) D.T.Cole
• viridis H.Luckh.
• werneri Schwant. & Jacobs.
• werneri Schwant. & Jacobs. 'Camel'
• 'White Rabbit'
• xhybrida

Key to authors

Berg. = Berger, Alwyn; H.W.de Boer = de Boer, Hindrik Wijbrand; L.Bol. = Bolus, Harriet Margaret Louisa; B.K.Boom = Boom, Boudewijn Karel; N.E.Br. = Brown, Nicholas Edward; D.T.Cole = Cole, Desmond Thorne; Dint. = Dinter, Moriz Kurt; R.A.Earlẻ = Earlẻ, Roy Anthony; B.Fearn = Fearn, Brian; S.A.Hammer = Hammer, Steven Allen; Jacobs. = Jacobsen, Hermann Johannes; Loesch = Loesch, Alfred; H.Luckh. = Luckhoff, Hilmar Albert; Marl. = Marloth, Hermann Wilhelm Rudolf; Nel = Nel, Gert Cornelius; Schwant. = Schwantes, Martin Heinrich Gustav; Tisch. = Tischer, Arthur; Uijs & R.R.J.Uijs = Uijs, Ronald Rousseau Jan.

Lithops N.E.Br. ‘Amethyst’. (hybrid)

Lithops 'Amethyst' First published by Andy Yang in “Four New Lithops Cultivars from Andy Yang, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(4): 68. (December) 2022”. Image Example: Photograph accompanying the protologue, figure 37.63 on page 69 taken by Andy Yang of China. A flat topped, pink and purple cultivar with white flowers.

This is a stabilised white flowering hybrid, selected from L. julii subsp. julii *pallid form X L. salicola ‘Sato’s Violet’. It was established by Andy Yang in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37, p. 68 (2022). Set against a pink background, a dendritic network emerges from purple smeared “lips” at the fissure. Photographs of ‘Amethyst’ can be somewhat misleading as the facial texture tends to look more rugose than it is.

Lithops N.E.Br. aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae ‘Corona’. (cultivar)

Lithops aucampiae subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae ‘Corona’. Established by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Photograph bottom right on P. 81 of THE GENUS LITHOPS (2001) taken by Yasuhiko Shimada of Japan. A cultivar with dark open windows void of islands.

This is a pattern bred cultivar identical to var. aucampiae in all respects other than having dark, fully open windows that are void of islands. Although long traded and depicted on page 81 of ‘Shimada (2001)’ with a bracketed “Katakana script” title, formal publication was by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). ‘Corona’ has wider margins and darker windows than ‘Halo’, a cultivar once considered synonymous by some. Although of uncertain historic rank and sometimes called *‘Coronagyoku’, ‘Corona’ has been grown in Japan since at least 1969.

Lithops N.E.Br. aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. aucampiae var. koelemanii D.T.Cole ‘Charming Mustard’. (cultivar)

Lithops aucampiae subsp. aucampiae var. koelamanii ‘Charming Mustard’. First published by Chen Yang via a translation by Ding Jie in “’Charming Mustard’ and A Correction, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 36(4): 88. (December) 2021”. Image example: Three photographs accompanying the protologue figures 36.100 - 36.102 on page 89, taken by Chen Yang of China. A yellowish-green cultivar. The epithet reflects the author’s fondness of mustard sauce.

This is a yellowish-green bodied cultivar or G-(type ‘acf’) of var. koelemanii that was developed by Chen Yang, and with a translation from Ding Jie, established in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 36, p. 88 (2021), with three photographs on p. 89. The intensity of yellow or green can vary somewhat through the year, but at all times the plants remain distinct from the normal reddish brown specimens. It is similar to var. aucampiae ‘Jackson’s Jade’, but in common with all var. koelemanii, ‘Charming Mustard’ lacks windows. Unsurprisingly the flower colour is yellow.

Lithops N.E.Br. aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W. de Boer) D.T.Cole var. fluminalis D.T.Cole ‘Mado-Chieruby’. (cultivar)

Lithops aucampiae subsp. euniceae var. fluminalis ‘Mado-Chieruby’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 3, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. An orange-red bodied cultivar with dark, wide open windows.

This is a stabilised strain of the orange-red var. fluminalis ‘Chieruby’ with dark, wide open windows and only small vestiges of islands, if any. It was selectively bred at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan and established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). There it was explained “mado” is Japanese for “window”. The flower colour is the standard yellow for the species.

Lithops N.E.Br. aucampiae L.Bol. subsp. euniceae (H.W. de Boer) D.T.Cole var. fluminalis D.T.Cole ‘Mado-Yogetugyoku’. (cultivar)

Lithops aucampiae subsp. euniceae var. fluminalis ‘Mado-Yogetugyoku’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 4, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A var. fluminalis with dark open windows.

This is a stabilised strain of var. fluminalis with dark, wide open windows and only small vestiges of islands, if any. It was selectively bred at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, has long been traded in the Far East and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). It is the var. aucampiae equivalent of ‘Corona’ and accordingly has yellow flowers. “Mado” is Japanese for “window”.

Lithops N.E.Br. bromfieldii L. Bol var. glaudinae (H.W. de Boer) D.T.Cole ‘Strawberry Jam’. (cultivar).

Lithops bromfieldii var. glaudinae ‘Strawberry Jam’. First published by Andy Yang in “ Four New Lithops Cultivars from Andy Yang, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(4): 68. (December) 2022”. Image Example: Photograph accompanying the protologue, figure 37.66 on page 69 taken by Andy Yang of China. An intensely speckled burgundy-purple cultivar.

This is an intensification of the R- (type ‘acf’) var. glaudinae ‘Embers’. It was established by Andy Yang in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37, p. 68 (2022). A “burgundy or purple body colour and a top filled with dense metal textured specks” was stated within the descriptive text. So concentrated is the colour the plants really do look like strawberry jam. As in ‘Embers’ the flower colour remains yellow.

Lithops N.E.Br. bromfieldii L.Bol. var. mennellii (L.Bol.) B.Fearn ‘Shinano Gold Moon’. (cultivar)

Lithops bromfieldii var. mennellii ‘Shinano Gold Moon’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Japan Succulent Society Journal, 527: 3. 2021”. Image example: Photograph accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A light yellow-green bodied var. mennellii.

The usual grey body colour of var. mennellii has been replaced with yellow or yellow-green in this G- (type ‘acf’) cultivar. Although similar to the cultivated hybrid ‘Grain Rain ZW’, this cultivar is lighter in colour, generally being more yellow. Some specimens however manifest as golden brown. It originated from a succulent plant nursery called “Kinchoen”, was first sold by “Takechico.com” in 2015 and was established by Norihiko Shimada in the Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 527, p. 3 (2021). As for the species the flower colour is yellow. The name is the old term for “Nagano prefecture”, home to “Takechico.com”.

Lithops N.E.Br. bromfieldii L.Bol ‘Desert River’. (cultivar)

Lithops bromfieldii ‘Desert River’. First published by Lorenzo Stocco and Alfonso G. Trudu in “Two New Cultivars From Italy: Lithops bromfieldii ‘Desert River’ and Lithops hookeri ‘Red Planet’, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 36(2): 34. (August) 2021”. Image example: Photographs of plants accompanying the protologue, figures 36.46-36.47 on page 36 taken by Lorenzo Stocco of Loria, Treviso, Italy. An ochre cultivar with widened or merged dark blueish or greenish channels which divide along the margins.

This is a pattern bred cultivar that has an ochre base colour and widened dark blueish or greenish channels which merge together. The effect is that of a river of sand radiating out from the central fissure toward the margins where it divides multiple times, rather like a river delta. The plants were developed by Lorenzo Stocco of Italy, from two specimens he found in a nursery labelled simply as L. bromfieldii crossed with specimens of L. bromfieldii var. insularis. With translation help from Alfonso G. Trudu of Australia, Lorenzo established the plants in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 36, p. 44 (2021), with photographs on p. 36. Unsurprisingly the flower colour is yellow.

Lithops N.E.Br. dorotheae Nel ‘Akahada Reikogyoku’. (cultivar)

Lithops dorotheae ‘Akahada Reikogyoku’’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 5, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A red flushed L. dorotheae.

This is a red flushed L. dorotheae that was developed at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan from plants donated by H. W. de Boer of the Netherlands in 1963. A photograph of one of the forerunners of this cultivar was shown on p. 99 of ‘Shimada (2001)’, and it has long been traded as *”Red Type” in the Far East. The plants were eventually established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021), where it was explained the epithet translates from Japanese into English as “red-bodied dorotheae”. Other than colour, ‘Akahada Reikogyoku’ is identical to normal L. dorotheae.

Lithops N.E.Br. dorotheae Nel ‘Kihada Reikogyoku’. (cultivar)

Lithops dorotheae ‘Kihada Reikogyoku’’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 6, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A yellow bodied L. dorotheae.

This is a yellow bodied, often pale yellow L. dorotheae that was developed at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan from plants donated to Yasuhiko Shimada by Emile Heunis of South Africa. The plants have long been traded as *"EH dorotheae” in Japan, but were eventually established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). ‘Kihada Reikogyoku’ translates from Japanese into English as “yellow-bodied dorotheae”, and in all but colour this cultivar is identical to normal L. dorotheae.

Lithops N.E.Br. dorotheae Nel ‘Red Phoenix’. (cultivar)

Lithops dorotheae ‘Red Phoenix’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Lithops : New Cultivated varieties, Japan Succulent Society Journal, 526: 2. 2021”. Image example: Photograph accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A red flushed, open windowed L. dorotheae with branched rubrications.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with a red flushed, open window and branching rubrications that originated from the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and appears to be a further selection from ‘Akahada Reikogyoku’. It was established by Norihiko Shimada in the Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 526, p. 2 (2021), and as for the species the flower colour is yellow.

Lithops N.E.Br. geyeri Nel ‘White Silk’. (cultivar)

Lithops geyeri ‘White Silk’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 7, accompanying the protologue taken by Tetsuro Ikeda of Japan, in whose collection the plants originated. A white flowering L. geyeri.

This is white flowering or W-(type ’acf’) of L. geyeri, a species that usually produces yellow flowers with white centres. Although this mutation has occurred previously, no formal description has been forthcoming. ‘White Silk’ arose in the collection of Tetsuro Ikeda in Japan, who eventually stabilised the trait, and the epithet was eventually established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). The somewhat dainty plant bodies of L. geyeri ‘White Silk’ distinguish it from the similar L. marmorata var. marmorata. This cultivar is identified by flower colour alone.

Lithops N.E.Br. gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata ‘Paw Pads’. (cultivar)

Lithops gracilidelineata subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata ‘Paw Pads’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 8, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A monstrous multi-lobed cultivar.

This is a monstrous form of var. gracilidelineata. It originated from ex-C374 stock at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Although vegetative propagation was necessary at the time of publication, maintenance of the trait through seed production was a hoped for goal. Other than the multi-lobed body form, this cultivar is identical to normal specimens and accordingly flowers yellow.

Lithops N.E.Br. gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata ‘Vein’. (cultivar)

Lithops gracilidelineata subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata ‘Vein’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 9, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A cultivar with facial markings resembling insect wing.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with a fine, continuous reticulated pattern on the face that resembles an insect wing. It originated from ex-C373 stock at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Other than the ornate facial pattern this cultivar is identical to normal specimens and accordingly flowers yellow.

Lithops N.E.Br. gracilidelineata Dint. subsp. brandbergensis (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole ‘Vertivein’. (cultivar)

Lithops gracilidelineata subsp. brandbergensis ‘Vertivein’. Frist published by Norihiko Shimada in “Japan Succulent Society Newsletter 535: 2-3. (October) 2022”. Image example: Two photographs accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A pale green bodied cultivar with a semi-translucent, vein like facial netting.

This is a pale green bodied subsp. brandbergensis with a semi-translucent, vein like patterned face. Although it appears to combine features from both ‘Vertigo’ and ‘Vein’, it was in fact raised at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, purely from ‘Vertigo’ seed supplied by Tok Schoeman of Namibia in 2005. It was established (in Japanese) by Norihiko Shimada in Japan Succulent Society Newsletter, vol. 535 pp. 2-3 (2022). ‘Vertigreen’ has pronounced margins and the usual yellow flowers of the species.

Lithops N.E.Br. hallii H.W.de Boer var. hallii ‘Black Spiderweb’. (cultivar)

Lithops hallii var. hallii ‘Black Spiderweb’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Lithops : New Cultivated varieties, Japan Succulent Society Journal, 526: 2. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 10 of “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”, taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A var. hallii with a “spider-web mesh” of black and grey.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with dark windows that contrast markedly with light grey islands and plant bodies. Sometimes there is a putple tint. The effect is that of a black and grey “spider-web” mesh. Specimens originated from Sakkie Saaiman of South Africa, were further refined by the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) and established by Norihiko Shimada in Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 526, p. 2 (2021). Other than the black and grey “spider-web mesh”, the plants are identical to L. hallii var. hallii and accordingly flower white.

Lithops N.E.Br. hookeri (Berg.) Schwant. var. dabneri (L.Bol.) D.T.Cole ‘Olive Rose’. (cultivar)

Lithops hookeri var. dabneri ‘Olive Rose’. First published by Roy Earlẻ in “‘Olive Rose’ A New Green Cultivar of Lithops hookeri var. dabneri, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(4): 79. (December) 2022”. Image example: Two photograph of plants accompanying the protologue, figures 37.77-37.78 on page 78 taken by Roy Earlẻ of Namibia. A dark green L. hookeri var. dabneri.

This dark green cultivar arose from the lighter green var. dabneri ‘Annarosa’. Plants were selected by Roy Earlẻ, further propagated and established by him in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37, p. 79 (2022), with photographs on p. 78. Other than the distinctive body colour which was reported stable in only the second generation, plants are identical to var. dabneri.

Lithops N.E.Br. hookeri L.Bol ‘Red Planet’. (cultivar)

Lithops hookeri ‘Red Planet’. First published by by Lorenzo Stocco and Alfonso G. Trudu in “Two New Cultivars From Italy: Lithops bromfieldii ‘Desert River’ and Lithops hookeri ‘Red Planet’, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 36(2): 34-35. (August) 2021”. Image example: Photograph of plants accompanying the protologue, figures 36.50-36.53 on page 37 taken by Lorenzo Stocco of Loria, Treviso, Italy. A pinkish-red bodied L. hookeri.

This is a pinkish-red bodied cultivar that was developed by crossing an oddly coloured individual “look-a-like” Lithops hookeri with specimens of L. hookeri var. lutea. It can also be considered an R- (type 'acf'). The “look-a-like” specimen was discovered in a nursery labelled only as “Lithops”. The plants were developed over eight years by Lorenzo Stocco of Italy, and jointly with Alfonso G. Trudu of Australia, established in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. vol. 36, pp. 34-35 (2021), with photographs on p. 37. The epithet comes from that of Mars, otherwise known as the "red planet". Unsurprisingly the flower colour is yellow.

Lithops N.E.Br. julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br subsp. julii ‘Chatora’. (cultivar)

Lithops julii subsp. julii ‘Chatora’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 16, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A cultivar with opaque white-brown bodies and dark brown reticulations.

This is a pattern bred cultivar described as having an “opaque white-brown body with dark brown reticulations”. At first glance it resembles some normal reticulate forms, but the contrast between the bold, uniform channels and the much lighter islands, margins and plant bodies set it apart. It was developed by the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan from plants gifted to Yashuhiko Shimada by Ernst Fritz in 1984, and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). There it was explained “chatora” is a Japanese word for a cat with brown stripes. The flower colour is the standard white of the species.

Lithops N.E.Br. julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. julii ‘Yukari’. (cultivar)

Lithops julii subsp. julii ‘Yukari’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021. Image example: Fig. 15, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A purple bodied subsp. julii.

This is a purple bodied cultivar of subsp. julii developed by the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan from ex-C205 stock, and established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Other than the vibrant purple colours, particularly so in the face, these plants are identical to normal subsp. julii. They vary in their facial patterns and look resplendent when the standard white flower of the species emerges.

Lithops N.E.Br. julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. rouxii (H.W.de Boer) D.T.Cole ‘Green Stitch’. (cultivar)

Lithops julii subsp. fulleri var. rouxii ‘Green Stitch’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Lithops, Japan Succulent Society Journal 512: 14. (December) 2018”. Image example: Fig. 10, accompanying the protologue on the back page taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A var. rouxii with radiant green outer patterns.

This is a stabilised strain of var. rouxii with a subtle green colour concentrated around the margins. It originated from the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) and was in Japanese cultivation for some time before being known to the “west”. It was established by Norihiko Shimada in the Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 515, p. 14 (2018), where the description was in Japanese. The stitch-like markings so distinctive in var. rouxii seem particularly ornate in this otherwise normal, white flowering cultivar.

Lithops N.E.Br. julii (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. ‘Morning Fog’. (cultivar)

Lithops julii 'Morning Fog'. First published by Andy Yang in “Four New Lithops Cultivars from Andy Yang, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(4): 68. (December) 2022”. Image Example: Photograph accompanying the protologue, figure 37.65 on page 69 taken by Andy Yang of China. A misty faced, intricately marked L. julii with bright lips.

This is a pattern bred cultivar, selected from within the L. julii complex with a misty facial complexion. It was established by Andy Yang in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37, p. 68 (2022). Plants have grey-green margins, pale orange-brown windows and orange lip smears “that almost glow”. The overall effect is that of a chilly autumn morning. Although selected from subsp. fulleri ‘Fullergreen’, it is likely subsp. julii is also involved, particularly 'Peppermint Crēme'. Unsurprisingly the flower colour is white.

Lithops N.E.Br. karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘50 Shades of Gray’. (cultivar)

Lithops karasmontana subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana '50 Shades of Gray'. First published by Boris Rommer in “ 50 Shades of Gray - A New Lithops Cultivar, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(4): 77. (December) 2022”, originating from Axel Neumann. Image Example: Four photographs accompanying the protologue, figures 37.73 – 37.76 on page 78 taken by Boris Rommer of Germany. A cultivar with pale plant bodies, honeycomb humps and dark condensed windows.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with “well defined honeycomb humps” and pale plant bodies that are sparsely flecked or dotted with dark “condensed windows”. It was developed from the *jacobseniana form of var. karasmontana by Axel Neumann of Germany, and established by Boris Rommer in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37 , p. 77 (2022). The usual white flower of this species enhances the appearance further.

Lithops N.E.Br. karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘Cookie’. (cultivar)

Lithops karasmontana subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana 'Cookie'. First published by Andy Yang in “Four New Lithops Cultivars from Andy Yang, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(4): 68. (December) 2022”. Image Example: Photograph accompanying the protologue, figure 37.64 on page 69 taken by Andy Yang of China. An orange topped cultivar with dark facial flecks or channels.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with a bright orange top and darker, sometimes reddish, fine flecks or channels. It was developed from the *summitatum form of var. karasmontana by Andy Yang of China, and established by him in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37, p. 68 (2022). Other than the afore mentioned facial features, ‘Cookie’ is identical to normal var. karasmontana. (NB. Perceptions of *summitatum and *lateritia have historically differed (see p.81 of ‘Hammer (2010)’.)

Lithops N.E.Br. karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘De Boer's Mick’. (cultivar)

Lithops karasmontana subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘De Boer's Mick’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Japan Succulent Society Journal, 527: 2. 2021”. Image example: Photograph accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A red reticulated var. karasmontana.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with a mostly occluded pale face festooned with a network of red reticulations. It was developed at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan by Yasuhiko Shimada from seedlings of the *Mickbergensis form Dr. H. W. de Boer passed to Shuichi Hirao in 1963. In some circles it has circulated under the name of *’de Boer Mickbergensis’, but was formally established as ‘De Boer’s Mick’ by Norihiko Shimada in the Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 527, p. 2 (2021). As for the species the flower colour is white.

Lithops N.E.Br. karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘Karasbijin’. (cultivar)

Lithops karasmontana subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana ‘Karasbijin’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Lithops : New Cultivated varieties, Japan Succulent Society Journal, 526: 2. 2021”. Image example: Photograph accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A stabilised, pale bodied cultivar of var. karasmontana with dark reddish flecks.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with a mostly occluded pale face festooned with dark reddish flecks. It originated from ex-C225 stock at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, where in 2011 it was listed in their catalogue as *’C225 Binman’. Formal establishment was by Norihiko Shimada in the Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 526, p. 2 (2021). The epithet comes from a combination of karasmontana and the Japanese word “Bijin”, which translates to “beauty” in English. As for the species the flower colour is white.

Lithops N.E.Br. karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmontana var. lericheana (Dint. & Schwant.) D.T.Cole ‘Mado-Shugengyoku’. (cultivar)

Lithops karasmontana subsp. karasmontana var. lericheana ‘Mado-Shugengyoku’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 17, accompanying the protologue taken by Petr Pavelka of the Czech Republic. A cultivar with open brown windows and a pinkish plant body.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with wide open brownish windows on a pinkish plant body, giving an overall pastel effect. It originated from the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). There it was explained “mado” is Japanese for “window”. The flower colour is the standard white for the species.

Lithops N.E.Br. karasmontana (Dint. & Schwant.) N.E.Br. subsp. bella D.T.Cole ‘Cascade'. (cultivar)

Lithops karasmontana subsp. bella ‘Cascade’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 18, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A variegated subsp. bella.

This is a stabilised, variegated subsp. bella, developed from ex-C285 stock at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan and established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Other than the variegations which are concentrated on the sides, ‘Cascade’ is identical to normal subsp. bella.

Lithops N.E.Br. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei ‘Green Top’. (cultivar)

Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei var. lesliei ‘Green Top’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 19, accompanying the protologue taken by Petr Pavelka of the Czech Republic. A green-bodied, yellow flowering cultivar with narrow margins and wide open windows void of islands.

This is a green bodied, yellow flowering cultivar with wide open windows that either lack islands completely or have only tiny islet vestiges. It originated from the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, where selective breeding from specimens of var. lesliei ‘Storm’s Albinigold’ began in 2009. In all but flower colour it is akin to ‘South Lake ZW’ (as documented in Lithops Scrapbook 2), and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021).

Lithops N.E.Br. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei ‘Hanabi’. (cultivar)

Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei var. lesliei ‘Hanabi’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 20, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A cultivar with dark windows and orange brown markings.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with dark even black windows and orange-brown markings. It originated from the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, where it was selectively bred from specimens of var. lesliei ex-C27. In all but body colours it is identical to var. lesliei, although reportedly somewhat reluctant to flower. It was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021), where it was explained ‘Hanabi’ is a Japanese sparking firework.

Lithops N.E.Br. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. lesliei ‘Pietersgreen’. (cultivar)

Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei var. lesliei ‘Pietersgreen’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 22, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A dull green and buff coloured cultivar with a rounded profile.

This is a stabilised cultivar of var. lesliei that has a robust rounded profile, brown or buff islands and relatively wide, dull green channels. It originated from the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, where it was selectively bred from specimens of var. lesliei ex-C30, the usually non-distinct *Pietersburg form. It was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). The dull (combat-camouflage) colours and robust rounded profile distinguish this from the otherwise similar var. lesliei 'Storm's Albinigold', and the flower colour is the standard yellow of the species.

Lithops N.E.Br. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. mariae D.T.Cole ‘Mariagreen’. (cultivar)

Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei var. mariae ‘Mariagreen’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 23, accompanying the protologue taken by Petr Pavelka of the Czech Republic. A yellow-green bodied var. mariae with normal yellow flowers.

This is a stabilised yellowish-green cultivar or G-(type ‘acf’) of var. mariae. It originated from Sakkie Saaiman of South Africa and was developed at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan before being formally established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Specimens were in cultivation for some years before being formally established, and have appeared spontaneously for other growers. In all respects other than body colour the plants are identical to normal var. mariae and so flower yellow.

Lithops N.E.Br. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. venteri ‘Citrina’. (cultivar)

Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei var. venteri ‘Citrina’. First published by Bernd Schlösser in “Lithops Lesliei ssp. lesliei var. venteri (maraisii) cv. ‘Citrina’, Avonia 40(3): 222-223. (October) 2022”. Image example: Photograph of plants accompanying the protologue, top figure on page 223, taken by Bernd Schlösser of Germany. A dull yellow-green faced cultivar.

This “dull yellow-green” cultivar was developed from ex-C153 stock, the so called *maraisii form of var. venteri by Bernd Schlösser of Germany, and established by him in Avonia vol. 40, pp. 222-223 (2022). In contrast to the fully albino var. venteri ‘Ventergreen’, ‘Citrina’ is duller in tone with darker windows or channels, making it almost Khaki and akin to “army camouflage”. As in the *maraisii population there is also a tendency to open windows, although this is not always the case. The epithet refers to “citrine quartz” which is yellowish, and as is usual in this species the flowers are yellow too.

Lithops N.E.Br. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei ‘Bronzino’. (cultivar)

Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei ‘Bronzino’. First published by Russell Wagner in “Lithops ‘Bronzino’ Sister Siblings, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(1): 11 (June) 2022”. Image example: Two photographs accompanying the protologue, figures 37.18 - 37.19 on page 12, taken by Russell Wagner of the USA. A bronze bodied subsp. lesliei with deep green or reddish windows.

This is a stabilised hybrid of L. lesliei subsp./var. lesliei ‘Fred’s Redhead’ X L. lesliei subsp. lesliei var. hornii, with bronzed plant bodies and deep green or reddish windows. Facially plants are adorned with numerous and irregular bronzed marginal peninsulas that mostly occlude the windows. Plants are similar to some var. hornii but can be split by the deep green or reddish windows. Specimens were bred by Solomon Levya and Russell Wagner of the USA, and established by Russell in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37, p. 11 (2022), with photographs on p. 12. The flower colour is the standard yellow of the species. Prior to publication and together with ‘Fred’s Redhorn’,‘Bronzino’ appears as an un-named hybrid on p. 87 of Lithops Scrapbook 1.

Lithops N.E.Br. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei ‘Fred's Redhorn’. (cultivar)

Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei ‘Fred's Redhorn’. First published by Russell Wagner in “Lithops ‘Bronzino’ Sister Siblings, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(1): 11 (June) 2022”. Image example: Photograph (left hand plant as viewed) on page 87 of Lithops Scrapbook 1, taken by Chris Barnhill (supplied by Steven Hammer) of the USA. An opaque, red bodied subsp. lesliei with blackish windows.

This is a stabilised hybrid of L. lesliei subsp./var. lesliei ‘Fred’s Redhead’ X L. lesliei subsp. lesliei var. hornii with red bodies. Whilst plants are similar to ‘Fred’s Redhead’, the windows are darker, the overall appearance more opaque and the facial patterns more intricate. They were bred by Steven Hammer of the USA and had been in cultivation for many years before first being described (as an aside to his ‘Bronzino’ article), by Russell Wagner of the USA, in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37, p. 11 (2022).

There the windows of these plants were likened to a “black abyss”. As with ‘Fred’s Redhead’ the yellow flowers can sometimes have red petal tips. Prior to publication and together with ‘Bronzino’,‘Fred’s Redhorn’ appears as an un-named hybrid on p. 87 of Lithops Scrapbook 1. Although published without the subspecies rank being mentioned, it is included here for continuity.

Lithops N.E.Br. marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. marmorata ‘Geel Blom’. (cultivar)

Lithops marmorata var. marmorata ‘Geel Blom’. Frist published by Norihiko Shimada in “Japan Succulent Society Newsletter 535: 2. (October) 2022”. Image example: Cover photograph accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A yellow flowered var. marmorata with normal body colours.

This is a yellow flowering, often white centred cultivar or Y- (type ‘acf’) of L. marmorata var. marmorata that emerges from a normal coloured plant body. The mutation, sometimes pale yellow, has occurred independently in a variety of sources, but was not formally established until the deed was done by Norihiko Shimada in Japan Succulent Society Newsletter, vol. 535 p. 2 (2022). In Japan it arose in the collection of Mr. Toshio Hatori, whose younger brother Shizuo wrote of it in 1992, but without a name. Subsequently Yasuhiko Shimada distributed plants using the unofficial title *’Kibana-Mayugatagyoku’. In 1984 Toshio gave specimens to Mr. E. E. Fritz who took them to South Africa where, after further exchange, they appear to have been grown and distributed by Frik du Plooy as F130A, under the unpublished title of *’Pale Yellow Flower’. However, Frik personally commented to me he had yellow flowering var. marmorata (& L. optica) occur from veld collected seed as well.

Mutant yellow flowers on var. marmorata were also reported in the M.S.G. bulletin V7, P. 89 (1992) by Dr. Rudolf Heine. He grew a light yellow flowering specimen from "framesii" C58 seed sown in March 1987, and a dark yellow flowering specimen from ex MESA Garden seed (1663.7 SB 1533 Animub), sown in 1989. In southern Africa yellow flowering var. marmorata have long been known as ’Geel Blom’ (Afrikaans for “yellow flower”) and it seems appropriate that epithet is maintained.

Lithops N.E.Br. marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. marmorata ‘Golden Mane’. (cultivar)

Lithops marmorata var. marmorata ‘Golden Mane’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 24, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A green bodied var. marmorata with white centred, yellow flowers.

This is a green bodied, yellow flowering cultivar that arose by chance from a batch of ‘Polepsky Smaragd’ seedlings at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan. Yellow flowers have occasionally been reported to occur spontaneously among batches of var. marmorata, but this particular Y-(type ‘acf’) was selectively cultivated further by Mr. Tetsuro Ikeda, who began the process in 2006. Subsequently ‘Golden Mane’ was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Other than the yellow flowers which also have a white centre, ‘Golden Mane’ is identical to ‘Polepsky Smaragd’.

Lithops N.E.Br. ‘Murasaki-Kikukaseki’. (hybrid)

Lithops ‘Murasaki-Kikukaseki’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Bottom fig. p. 48, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A purple bodied subsp. L. ‘Kikukaseki’.

This is a purple bodied L. ‘Kikukaseki’, a hybrid noted for its coarse, brown facial markings. Highly unstable plants derived from subsp. fulleri crossed with ‘Sato’s Violet’, ‘Kikukaseki’ and probably others, have long been traded under this guise, but are not worthy of the name. However, an intense selection process at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, eventually fixed the features which were established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). “Murasaki” is Japanese for “purple” and the flower colour remains white.

Lithops N.E.Br. ‘Murasaki-Kikushogyoku’. (hybrid)

Lithops ‘Murasaki-Kikushogyoku’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Top fig. p. 48, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A purple bodied subsp. L. ‘Kikushogyoku’.

This is a purple bodied L. ‘Kikusiyo Giyoku’, a hybrid noted for its chrysanthemum patterned face. Highly unstable plants derived from subsp. fulleri crossed with ‘Sato’s Violet’, ‘Kikushogyoku’ and probably others, have long been traded under this guise, but lack the fine markings and are not worthy of the name. However, an intense selection process at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, eventually fixed the features which were established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). “Murasaki” is Japanese for “purple” and the flower colour remains white.

Lithops N.E.Br. optica (Marl.) N.E.Br. ‘Opticagold’. (cultivar)

Lithops optica ‘Opticagold’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 26, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of japan. A yellow flowering L. optica with normal colour plant bodies.

This is a yellow flowering or Y- (type ’acf’) of L. optica with normal plant bodies that are often green tinged. It was derived from specimens of the red bodied ‘Rubragold’ at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan and established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Whilst ‘Opticagold’ can superficially resemble L. herrei or even L. olivacea, differences at species level remain, of which the smooth face, more rounded profile and lopsided nature of L. optica are usually the most obvious. Further, any floral white centres tend not to be as pronounced as in L. herrei.

Lithops N.E.Br. optica (Marl.) N.E.Br. ‘Rubra Henge’. (cultivar)

Lithops optica ‘Rubra Henge’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, 38(4): LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 25, accompanying the protologue taken by Petr Pavelka of the Czech Republic. A monstrous, red bodied, multi-clumping cultivar.

This is a monstrous, multi-clumping cultivar that is identical to L. optica ‘Rubra’ in all but form. The plant bodies start out tri-lobed, but develop with four, five or more leaves growing on the same head. It was stabilised at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan and established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Vegetative propagation may be the best way to preserve this cultivar. Norihiko explained in the publication article that translated from English, “henge” means “changes in shape” in Japanese.

Lithops N.E.Br. otzeniana Nel ‘Frik Green’. (cultivar)

Lithops otzeniana ‘Frik Green’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, 38(4): LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 28, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A green bodied cultivar with windows reduced to narrow channels.

This is a pattern bred cultivar where the distinctive, scalloped, marginal markings of the species have been vastly exaggerated on green bodied specimens. The remaining window area has accordingly been reduced to no more than a narrow channel. They were produced from five plants gifted to Mr. Yasuhiko Shimada by Frik du Plooy in South Africa in 1997. It is the pattern and the greenish colour that distinguish this cultivar that was developed by the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). The flower colour is the standard yellow with white centres of L. otzeniana.

Lithops N.E.Br. otzeniana Nel ‘Frik Grey’. (cultivar)

Lithops otzeniana ‘Frik Grey’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 27, accompanying the protologue taken by Petr Pavelka of the Czech Republic. A grey cultivar with windows reduced to narrow channels.

This is a pattern bred cultivar where the distinctive, scalloped, marginal markings of the species have been vastly exaggerated on grey bodied specimens. The remaining window area has accordingly been reduced to no more than a narrow channel. They were produced from five plants gifted to Mr. Yasuhiko Shimada by Frik du Plooy in South Africa in 1997. It is the pattern and the grey colour that distinguish this cultivar that was developed by the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). The flower colour is the standard yellow with white centres of L. otzeniana.

Lithops N.E.Br. otzeniana Nel ‘Midori-Otsue’. (cultivar)

Lithops otzeniana ‘Midori-Otsue’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Lithops : New Cultivated varieties, Japan Succulent Society Journal, 526 : 3. 2021”. Image example: Bottom fig. p. 50 of “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”, taken by Petr Pavelka of the Czech Republic. A yellow-green bodied cultivar.

This is a stabilised yellow-green or G- (type ‘acf’) which for many years was misidentified as ‘Aquamarine’, a name that should only be applied to blueish-green plants. These more prolific true green or yellow green plants were officially split from ‘Aquamarine’ and established by Norihiko Shimada in Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 526, p. 3 (2021). MESA Garden and Steven Hammer distributed their “green-attempts” widely and many specimens will have been grown from that. Body colour alone distinguishes ‘Midori-Otsue’ and the epithet translates from Japanese to “green cane”.

Lithops N.E.Br. otzeniana Nel ‘Yamato Granat’. (cultivar)

Lithops otzeniana ‘Yamato Granat’. Frist published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LV11 Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 29, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A pink bodied L. otzeniana.

This is a pattern bred cultivar derived from ‘Cesky Granat’, with a stable “fluorescent” or powder pink colour that persists all year. It originated from the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LV11 Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). As for the species the flower colour is yellow with white centres, and broadly speaking the epithet means “Japanese garnet”.

Lithops N.E.Br. pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella var. pseudotruncatella ‘Matchless Green’. (cultivar)

Lithops pseudotruncatella subsp. pseudotruncatella var. pseudotruncatella ‘Matchless Green’. First published by Hilde Mouton & Frikkie Mouton in “‘Matchless Green’ – A New Lithops Cultivar, Mesemb Study Group Bulletin 37(1): 11. (June) 2022”. Image example: Photograph Fig. 37.16 on p. 12, taken by the authors. A pale, yellowish-green bodied cultivar of var. pseudotruncatella.

This is a stabilised pale yellowish-green cultivar or G- (type ‘acf’) of var. pseudotruncatella. It arose from seed collected from “Matchless Mine”, a heavily poached locality west of Windhoek. Plants were given sanctuary by the Late Tok Schoeman and further propagated by Hilde and Frikkie Mouton at Alte Kalkӧfen Lodge in Southern Namibia. Publication was by the afore mentioned pair in the M.S.G. Bulletin vol. 37, p. 11 (2022), with photographs on p. 12. From a completely different source, the same aberration has also appeared in Germany. Other than the pale green colour, plants are identical to normal var. pseudotruncatella.

Lithops N.E.Br. pseudotruncatella (Berg.) N.E.Br. subsp. archerae ‘Kegon’. (cultivar)

Lithops pseudotruncatella subsp. archerae ‘Kegon’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 30, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A variegated subsp. archerae.

This is a stabilised, variegated subsp. archerae that originated from the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, from ex-C306 stock. Although depicted on the front cover of issue 469 of the Japan Succulent Society Journal in 2011, the plants were not there described. The variegations and the tendency to grow somewhat taller than normal subsp. archerae, set ‘Kegon’ apart. It was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021), where it was explained ‘Kegon’ relates to a beautiful Japanese water fall.

Lithops N.E.Br. verruculosa Nel var. verruculosa ‘Chrysoberyl’. (cultivar)

Lithops verruculosa var. verruculosa ‘Chrysoberyl’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Lithops, Japan Succulent Society Journal 512: 14. (December) 2018”. Image example: Fig. 11, accompanying the protologue on the back page taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A yellow-green bodied var. verruculosa with pale or lemon flowers.

Relatively unknown for a good while outside of Japan, this is a YG or G- (type ‘acf’) that was established by Norihiko Shimada in the Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 515, p. 14 (2018), in Japanese. It stems from ex-C229B stock and differs from the ex-C159 cultivars ‘Verdigris’ and the greener forms of ‘Rose of Texas’ by having pale or lemon yellow flowers, a stronger yellow body colour, more pronounced red verruculae, wider channels and a greater tendency to a reniform (kidney) shape. The epithet ‘Chrysoberyl’ stems from a type of mineral that can be quite yellow and is sometimes used in the gem trade.

Lithops N.E.Br. verruculosa Nel var. verruculosa ‘Sandstorm’. (cultivar)

Lithops verruculosa var. verruculosa ‘Sandstorm’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Lithops : New Cultivated varieties, Japan Succulent Society Journal, 526: 3. 2021”. Image example: Photograph accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A cultivar of var. verruculosa with a seemingly sandy face.

This is a pattern bred cultivar where the verruculae that usually distinguish the species have been eliminated to give a sandy facial appearance. It originated from ex-C129 stock at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and was established by Norihiko Shimada in the Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 526, p. 3 (2021). Matt, light brown or buff facial hues generally distinguish this cultivar from any wart-less specimens of the lighter grey and slightly smaller var. glabra. As for the species the flower colour is variable.

Lithops N.E.Br. verruculosa Nel. var. glabra H.W. de Boer ‘Scarlet’. (cultivar)

Lithops verruculosa subsp. var. glabra 'Scarlet’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 32, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A cultivar of var. glabra with red flowers.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with red flowers. It originated from ex-C177 stock at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan, and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021). Although at that time specimens were still being selected from “salmon-pink to rose-pink” flowering stock, there were sufficient numbers of ‘Scarlet’ in existence so as to justify publication.

Lithops N.E.Br. villetii L. Bol. deboeri (Schwant.) D.T.Cole ‘Orihime’. (cultivar)

Lithops villetii subsp. deboeri ‘Orihime’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 33, accompanying the protologue taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A yellow flowering subsp. deboeri.

This is a yellow flowering or Y- (type ’acf’) of subsp. deboeri. A single yellow flowering specimen was first spotted among ex-C230A stock by Yasuhiko Shimada and Tetsuro Ikeda in 2006 and was subsequently developed at the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan. It was established by Norihiko Shimada in Kaktusy vol. LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021), where it was explained the epithet ‘Orihime’ derives from Japanese folk law and a “princess who made beautiful cloth”.

Lithops N.E.Br. werneri Schwant. & Jacobs ‘Camel’. (cultivar)

Lithops werneri ‘Camel’. First published by Norihiko Shimada in “Lithops : New Cultivated varieties, Japan Succulent Society Journal, 526: 3. 2021”. Image example: Fig. 34 of “Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen, Kaktusy, LVII Special (2): 30-50. 2021”, taken by Norihiko Shimada of Japan. A cultivar with a yellowish brown top surface and dark tan reticulations.

This is a pattern bred cultivar with distinctly yellowish brown tops and dark reticulations. It was developed by the Gunsen-en Nursery (the House of Shimada) in Japan and was established by Norihiko Shimada in Japan Succulent Society Journal vol. 526, p. 3 (2021). Camel-like body colours only distinguish the cultivar, which in all other ways is identical to normal, greyer L. werneri.

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Hammer, S.A. (2010) Lithops Treasures of the Veld. Ansty: British Cactus & Succulent Society.

Heine, R. (1992) ‘YELLOW FLOWERS WITH LITHOPS MARMORATA’, Mesemb. Study Group Bulletin, 7 (4), p. 89.

Mouton, H. & F. (2022) ‘’MATCHLESS GREEN’ – A NEW LITHOPS CULTIVAR’, Mesemb. Study Group Bulletin, 37 (1), p. 11.

Rommer, B. (2022) ‘50 SHADES OF GRAY - A NEW LITHOPS CULTIVAR’, Mesemb. Study Group Bulletin, 37 (4), p. 77.

Schlösser, B. (2022) E-mail to Keith Green, 14 July.

Schlösser, B. (2022) ‘Lithops Lesliei ssp. lesliei var. venteri (maraisii) cv. ‘Citrina’’, Avonia, 40 (3), pp. 222-223.

Shimada, N. (2011) ‘Photo’, Japan Succulent Society Journal, 469, front cover.

Shimada, N. (2018) ‘Lithops', Japan Succulent Society Journal, 512, p. 14.

Shimada, N. (2021) ‘Lithops : New Cultivated varieties', Japan Succulent Society Journal, 526, pp. 2-3.

Shimada, N. (2021) ‘Lithops', Japan Succulent Society Journal, 527, pp. 2-3.

Shimada, N. (2021) 'Cultivars from Shimada’s Kitchen', Kaktusy, LVII Special 2, pp. 30-50 (2021).

Shimada, N. (2021) E-mail to Keith Green, 11 July.

Shimada, N. (2022) E-mail to Keith Green, 28 May.

Shimada, N. (2022) Japan Succulent Society Journal, 535, pp. 2-3.

Shimada, N. (2022) E-mail to Keith Green, 10 November.

Shimada, Y. (2001) The Genus Lithops. Kiryu: Dobun Shoin.

Stocco, L. & Trudu, A.G. (2021) ‘TWO NEW CULTIVARS FROM ITALY: LITHOPS BROMFIELDII ‘DESERT RIVER’ AND LITHOPS HOOKERI ‘RED PLANET’’, Mesemb. Study Group Bulletin, 36 (2), pp. 34-37.

Wagner, R.(2022) ‘LITHOPS ‘BRONZINO’, SISTER SIBLINGS’, Mesemb. Study Group Bulletin, 37 (1), p. 11.

Yang, A.(2022) ‘FOUR NEW LITHOPS CULTIVARS FROM ANDY YANG’, Mesemb. Study Group Bulletin, 37 (4), p. 68.

The project continues in Lithops Scrapbook IV.